Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
In the review there highlighted contemporary concepts about the relation between the air pollution by the particulate matter (PM) and human morbidity and mortality rate due to cardiovascular diseases. There are considered results of the short- and long-term PM impact on the human cardiovascular system in the dependence on size, origin, chemical composition, and concentration in the air. Authors performed the formalized description of the action and possible effects of PM on vascular endothelium presented as an example of systemization. Summarizing data respective knowledge collected in the literature were used in the article as an example.
В связи с истощением запасов нефти в традиционных гранулярных коллекторах в Западно-Сибирской нефтегазоносной провинции все большую значимость приобретает разработка и совершенствование технологических приемов, увеличивающих объемы добычи нефти из низкопроницаемых пород баженовской свиты. Перспективы нефтеносности этих пород в значительной степени зависят от их литологии. В этой связи разработка методического подхода расчета минерально-компонентного состава баженовской свиты в скважинах, не охарактеризованных керновым материалом, представляется актуальным исследованием.

Методы: выявление взаимосвязей между минерально-компонентным составом пород баженовской свиты и ее электрическими и радиоактивными свойствами; статистический анализ полученных связей; расчет на их основе литологического состава баженовских пород в базовой, а также в соседних скважинах.

Результаты. В статье изложены результаты комплексной литолого-геофизической интерпретации данных широкого комплекса электрического и радиоактивного каротажа и результатов аналитических исследований керна, на основе которых разработан и апробирован методический подход к расчету концентраций основных породообразующих компонентов баженовской свиты. Он основывается на выявленных взаимосвязях между минерально-компонентным составом пород и их физическими свойствами. Показана удовлетворительная сходимость расчетных значений и данных по керну, построена объемная литологическая модель для одной из скважин Дружной площади. Обосновано использование полученных взаимосвязей для достоверного расчета литологического состава баженовской свиты в близко расположенных скважинах, не охарактеризованных керновым материалом. Показана невозможность использования предлагаемого методического подхода на расстояния в несколько десятков км, а также в тонкослоистых разрезах.
Transposable elements (TEs) are a rapidly evolving fraction of the eukaryotic genomes and the main contributors to genome plasticity and divergence. Recently, occupation of the A- and D-genomes of allopolyploid wheat by specific TE families was demonstrated.

Here, we investigated the impact of the well-represented family of gypsy LTR-retrotransposons, Fatima, on B-genome divergence of allopolyploid wheat using the fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) method and phylogenetic analysis. FISH analysis of a BAC clone (BAC_2383A24) initially screened with Spelt1 repeats demonstrated its predominant localisation to chromosomes of the B-genome and its putative diploid progenitor Aegilops speltoides in hexaploid (genomic formula, BBAADD) and tetraploid (genomic formula, BBAA) wheats as well as their diploid progenitors. Analysis of the complete BAC_2383A24 nucleotide sequence (113 605 bp) demonstrated that it contains 55.6% TEs, 0.9% subtelomeric tandem repeats (Spelt1), and five genes. LTR retrotransposons are predominant, representing 50.7% of the total nucleotide sequence. Three elements of the gypsy LTR retrotransposon family Fatima make up 47.2% of all the LTR retrotransposons in this BAC. In situ hybridisation of the Fatima_2383A24-3 subclone suggests that individual representatives of the Fatima family contribute to the majority of the B-genome specific FISH pattern for BAC_2383A24. Phylogenetic analysis of various Fatima elements available from databases in combination with the data on their insertion dates demonstrated that the Fatima elements fall into several groups.

One of these groups, containing Fatima_2383A24-3, is more specific to the B-genome and proliferated around 0.5-2.5 MYA, prior to allopolyploid wheat formation. The B-genome specificity of the gypsy-like Fatima, as determined by FISH, is explained to a great degree by the appearance of a genome-specific element within this family for Ae. speltoides. Moreover, its proliferation mainly occurred in this diploid species before it entered into allopolyploidy. Most likely, this scenario of emergence and proliferation of the genome-specific variants of retroelements, mainly in the diploid species, is characteristic of the evolution of all three genomes of hexaploid wheat.
It is known that theoretically this problem has two solutions: the solution with a strong shock wave (when the velocity behind the front of the shock wave is subsonic) and the solution with a weak shock wave (when, generally speaking, the velocity behind the front of the shock wave is supersonic).

In the present paper, the case of a weak shock wave is studied. It is proved that if the Lopatinski condition for the shock wave is satisfied (in a weak sense), then the corresponding linearized initial boundary-value problem is well-posed, and its classical solution is found. In this case, unlike the case when the uniform Lopatinski condition holds, additional plane waves appear.

It is shown that for compactly supported initial data the solution of the linearized problem converges in finite time to the zero solution. Therefore, for the case of a weak shock wave and when the Lopatinski condition holds in a weak sense these results complete the verification of the well-known Courant-Friedrichs' conjecture that the strong shock wave solution is unstable whereas the weak shock wave solution is stable.
These are algebras that satisfy the identities $[x_1 x_2]x_3= 0$, $(x_1^2,x_2,x_3)=2(x_1,x_2,x_1x_3)$, $x_1(x_1^2 x_2)=x_1^2(x_1 x_2)$; they are related with Jordan algebras in the same way as Leibniz algebras are related to Lie algebras.

We study a noncommutative generalization of Jordan algebras called Jordan dialgebras.

We present an analogue of the Tits---Kantor---Koecher construction for Jordan dialgebras that provides an embedding of such an algebra into Leibniz algebra.
The article analyzes the problems of sustainable development of Russia's resource regions, where the extraction of natural resources is at a declining stage. The economic indicators of the development projects with application of advanced extraction technologies to increase production efficiency were estimated. It was revealed that high costs of installation and application of advanced technologies do not allow for the full application, especially under the conditions of highly volatile oil prices and limitations on usage of foreign technologies. Measures to optimize the structure of costs and increase the overall efficiency of implementation of innovations in resource regions were proposed.
Usually, photons are described by plane waves with a definite 4-momentum. In addition to plane-wave photons, "twisted photons" have recently entered the field of modern laser optics; these are coherent superpositions of plane waves with a defined projection hm of the orbital angular momentum onto the propagation axis, where m is an integer.

In this Letter, we show that it is possible to produce high-energy twisted photons by Compton backscattering of twisted laser photons off ultrarelativistic electrons.

Such photons may be of interest for experiments related to the excitation and disintegration of atoms and nuclei, and for studying the photoeffect and pair production off nuclei in previously unexplored experimental regimes.
The study examines revolutionary waves – the process of spreading protest activity from one society to another. The author reveals the specifics and analyzes the nature of relations within the “red wave” in post-war Asia in the 40s – 70s of the twentieth century. The paper explains the structural, ideological and organizational relationship between these revolutions (uprising, partisan wars) using the world system analysis, demographic and structural theory, the theory of military revolutions, and the neo-Marxist model of B. Moore. These approaches helped to explain the authoritarian, dirigiste an egalitarian Asian “wave”, and also highlighted two ideologically and organizationally separate “waves”.
The authors reviewed the main global trends in the field of emissions of pollutants and energy intensity of the economy. The authors also determined the specifics of the Russian economy regarding the structure of energy consumption and the main directions of energy intensity reduction.

The study analyzed key indicators of the energy intensity of the economy, the structure and dynamics of consumption of traditional fossil fuels and renewable energy sources. The authors analyzed the dynamics of the emission of pollutants by the main sources of pollution: industrial sectors and automobile transport. The article also analyzed the structure of the growth of pollutant emissions in industries (mining, manufacturing, production and distribution of electricity, gas and water), as well as in road transport. An important aspect in the field of improving the environmental efficiency of production and reducing emissions of pollutants in the atmosphere is the cost of protecting the environment. The main trends in changing the level of environmental protection costs in industrial sectors were identified.

Based on the analysis, the authors made conclusions about the nature of the growth of pollutant emissions in industry and road transport based on the analysis.
The photodissociation of (56)FeO was studied by means of the velocity map imaging technique. A molecular beam of iron atoms and iron monoxide molecules was created using an electrical discharge with an iron electrode in a supersonic expansion of molecular oxygen. The ground state iron atom Fe((5)D(4)) and FeO concentrations in the molecular beam have been estimated. The dissociation energy of the FeO X (5)Delta ground electronic state was found to be D(0) (0)(FeO)=4.18+/-0.01 eV. The effective absorption cross section of FeO at 252.39 nm (vac), leading to the Fe((5)D(4))+O((3)P) dissociation channel, is approximately 1.2 x 10(-18) cm(2). A (1+1) resonantly enhanced multiphoton ionization spectrum of (56)FeO in the region 39 550-39 580 cm(-1) with rotational structure has been observed, but not assigned. Angular distributions of Fe((5)D(4)) and Fe((5)D(3)) products for the channel FeO-->Fe((5)D(4,3))+O((3)P) have been measured at several points in the 210-260 nm laser light wavelength region. The anisotropy parameter varies strongly with wavelength for both channels.
Aim. To study serum levels of Klotho protein in men with arterial hypertension and to explore its association with some cardiometabolic risk factors. Methods . 134 men with hypertension aged 50-65 years old and over 80 years old were enrolled in a study. 44 men of the corresponding age without high blood pressure were enrolled in the control group. Serum levels of Klotho protein were measured using ELISA. Results. Both, the study and the control group, have similar serum levels of Klotho protein (464 [287; 849] and 458 [128; 1121] pg/dL, respectively; p>0.05). Significant differences in the serum levels of Klotho protein in the study groups are related to three risk factors: physical inactivity, obesity, and the presence of diabetes mellitus. A positive correlation between Klotho protein levels and regular physical activity has been found in men with arterial hypertension. Besides, negative correlations between Klotho proteins and diabetes mellitus and obesity have been stated. Multivariate analysis reports a positive association between Klotho protein and regular physical activity in men with hypertension regardless of their age, diabetes, lipid disorders, and obesity. Conclusion . Men with arterial hypertension and without it have similar Klotho protein levels. Serum Klotho protein levels are lower in obese men who are physically inactive. Klotho protein levels are lower in men with hypertension and concomitant diabetes mellitus. Klotho protein is positively associated with regular physical activity regardless of age and some cardiometabolic risk factors in men with arterial hypertension.
This study focused on the large-scale vortex structures. The working section was a tangential vortex chamber with a cylindrical cross-section.

The flow was swirled by tangential supply of fluid into the chamber, using 12 direct-flow rectangular nozzles. The design swirl parameter was equal to 6.6 and was determined based on the vortex chamber geometry. The Reynolds number was maintained equal to 30000. Quantitative measurements were realized with the use of the optical technique of laser Doppler anemometry.

The results of optical measurements allowed determining main parameters of the vortex core for two basic modes of the vortex flow, including the central direct-flow vortex and the spiral vortex.
Pellets of a novel, high temperature CO2 sorbent, made of CaO-impregnated porous Y2O3, were prepared. Yttria pellets were synthesized from a mixture of yttria powder and a softener.

A combination of ethylene glycol, used as a softener, and a casting method yielded mechanically stable pellets after calcination at 800ºC. Treatment of the Y2O3 support at higher temperatures further increases the pellets strength. The same effect of pellets strengthening was observed after yttria impregnation with CaO. Sorption capacity of the pellets with CaO content of 9 wt. %, measured at isothermal conditions of 740ºC, reaches 7.5 wt. % for shorter recarbonation time of 20 min and 8.5 wt. % for a longer time of 1 hour.

In this respect, sorption properties of pelletized CaO/Y2O3 are similar to those of powdered material. A distinctive feature of the pelletized CaO/Y2O3 sorbent pretreated at high temperatures is the increase in capacity during the initial cycles.
Procedures relying on infinitesimals in Leibniz, Euler and Cauchy have been interpreted in both a Weierstrassian and Robinson's frameworks. The latter provides closer proxies for the procedures of the classical masters. Thus, Leibniz's distinction between assignable and inassignable numbers finds a proxy in the distinction between standard and nonstandard numbers in Robinson's framework, while Leibniz's law of homogeneity with the implied notion of equality up to negligible terms finds a mathematical formalisation in terms of standard part. It is hard to provide parallel formalisations in a Weierstrassian framework but scholars since Ishiguro have engaged in a quest for ghosts of departed quantifiers to provide a Weierstrassian account for Leibniz's infinitesimals. Euler similarly had notions of equality up to negligible terms, of which he distinguished two types: geometric and arithmetic. Euler routinely used product decompositions into a specific infinite number of factors, and used the binomial formula with an infinite exponent. Such procedures have immediate hyperfinite analogues in Robinson's framework, while in a Weierstrassian framework they can only be reinterpreted by means of paraphrases departing significantly from Euler's own presentation. Cauchy gives lucid definitions of continuity in terms of infinitesimals that find ready formalisations in Robinson's framework but scholars working in a Weierstrassian framework bend over backwards either to claim that Cauchy was vague or to engage in a quest for ghosts of departed quantifiers in his work. Cauchy's procedures in the context of his 1853 sum theorem (for series of continuous functions) are more readily understood from the viewpoint of Robinson's framework, where one can exploit tools such as the pointwise definition of the concept of uniform convergence. Keywords: historiography; infinitesimal; Latin model; butterfly model
For diesel engines, dimethyl ether (DME) is widely used in the world, it is a perspective candidate to replace traditional diesel in the future. The consumption of DME as a motor fuel is constantly increasing. DME has a very low propensity to soot formation during combustion, which allows not only to reduce harmful emissions into the atmosphere, but also to improve the completeness of combustion. To validate available chemical kinetic models for DME combustion, in this work we report our experimental data on the chemical structure of a laminar premixed stoichiometric DME/O 2 /Ar flame stabilized at 1 atm on a flat burner. Flame sampling molecular beam-mass spectrometry is used to obtain spatial distribution of mole fractions of many species in the flame. The experimental data are compared with the calculation results obtained using PREMIX code and two detailed chemical kinetic mechanisms available from literature for DME combustion.
An interpretation is made of rocket data obtained from an electric field mill (EFM) sensor during the international rocket‐radar campaign NLC‐91. The interpretation is based on a laboratory study of the interaction of a water particle beam with the EFM recovered after the rocket flight. Both rocket and laboratory data show that the field mill is sensitive to ice microparticle impacts and that perturbations in the EFM signal observed in the vicinity of noctilucent clouds and an enhanced radar echo (PMSE) layer are caused not only by atmospheric electric fields but also by the impact of solid particles. The altitude range of the impact signatures suggests the presence of ice particles in the PMSE region above the height of the optically detected noctilucent clouds. The analysis of the rocket data on the basis of the laboratory results allows us to estimate sizes of these PMSE particles to be 13–40 nm.
We study hard exclusive electroproduction of two pions in the QCD factorization approach at next-to-leading order (NLO) in the strong coupling.The pion pair can be produced both in an isovector and in an isoscalar state.The angular distribution of the produced pion pairs allows one to project out a component that depends on the interference of the isovector and isoscalar channels.Using specific models for the involved generalized parton distributions and two-pion distribution amplitudes we investigate the angular distributions of the pion pair in NLO and compare them with HERMES data.The differences between the LO and NLO results are moderate and the agreement with data is satisfactory, though not perfect.Expecting new results from COM-PASS collaboration we perform the calculation also for the COMPASS kinematics.
The features of previously unexplored labile complexes of human 40S ribosomal subunits with RNAs, whose formation is manifested in the cross-linking of aldehyde derivatives of RNAs to the ribosomal protein uS3 through its peptide 55-64 located outside the mRNA channel, were studied by EPR spectroscopy methods. Analysis of subatomic 40S subunit models showed that a likely site for labile RNA binding is a cluster of positively charged amino acid residues between the mRNA entry site and uS3 peptide 55-64. This is consistent with our finding that the 3'-terminal mRNA fragment hanging outside the 40S subunit prevents the cross-linking of an RNA derivative to this peptide.

To detect labile complexes of 40S subunits with RNA by DEER/PELDOR spectroscopy, an undecaribonucleotide derivative with nitroxide spin labels at terminal nucleotides was utilized. Using the single-label RNA derivatives, the distance between the mRNA entry site and the loosely bound RNA site on the 40S subunit was estimated.

We demonstrated that the 40S subunit channel occupancy with mRNA does not affect the RNA derivative binding and that uS3 peptide 55-64 is not involved in binding interactions. Replacing the RNA derivative with a DNA one revealed the importance of ribose 2'-OH groups for the complex formation.
In all organisms, DNA glycosylases initiate base excision repair pathways resulting in removal of aberrant bases from DNA. Human SMUG1 belongs to the superfamily of uracil-DNA glycosylases catalyzing the hydrolysis of the N-glycosidic bond of uridine and uridine lesions bearing oxidized groups at C5: 5-hydroxymethyluridine (5hmU), 5-formyluridine (5fU), and 5-hydroxyuridine (5hoU). An apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site formed as the product of an N-glycosylase reaction is tightly bound to hSMUG1, thus inhibiting the downstream action of AP-endonuclease APE1. The steady-state kinetic parameters (kcat and KM; obtained from the literature) correspond to the enzyme turnover process limited by the release of hSMUG1 from the complex with the AP-site. In the present study, our objective was to carry out a stopped-flow fluorescence analysis of the interaction of hSMUG1 with a DNA substrate containing a dU:dG base pair to follow the pre-steady-state kinetics of conformational changes in both molecules. A comparison of kinetic data obtained by means of Trp and 2-aminopurine fluorescence and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) detection allowed us to elucidate the stages of specific and nonspecific DNA binding, to propose the mechanism of damaged base recognition by hSMUG1, and to determine the true rate of the catalytic step. Our results shed light on the kinetic mechanism underlying the initiation of base excision repair by hSMUG1 using the "wedge" strategy for DNA lesion search.
The publication presents materials of the funeral necropolis Kyrykungir (East Kazakhstan), in which two sets of astragals with traces of coloring pigments were discovered. The design of the burials accompanying the inventory and the general archaeological context allows dating these objects from the 12th to 13th centuries BC.

Data from archaeozoological analysis and SEM-EDX analysis of the painted surface of objects (alchiks) are present in the paper. The species composition of animals has been established, demonstrating a combination of astragals of both domestic and wild species. A diverse chemical composition of paints with which objects were covered, as well as cases of renewal of staining, was revealed. In the initial version, individual astragals could belong to population with different traditions of making paints, possibly from different regions.

The results allow us to offer a different point of view on the phenomenon of the presence of alchiks in archaeological cultures. The range of interpretations of astragals (alchiks) finds implies not only understanding them as elements of game traditions, but also designating their complex social and cultural role in the funeral rites of the population of Eurasia in the Bronze Age.
The paper reviews the effect of nonmonetary factors on inflation dynamics in Russia from 2000 to 2018. The period under review was divided into two intervals with different economic dynamics: 2000–2008 – the period of economic growth in Russia, 2009–2018 – the period of a slower rate of economic growth.

Both periods were analyzed for various nonmonetary factors having an impact on inflation, which helped reveal common as well as distinctive features of nonmonetary factors. Some factors, such as the growth rate of agricultural prices had a significant impact on the consumer price inflation dynamics over the whole period under research. Other nonmonetary factors ceased to have an effect on consumer prices making room for others. Thus, the volume of imports turned out to be significant only in the period from 2009 to 2018, which is explained by the geopolitical situation and introduced economic sanctions.

The conducted research confirmed a growing role of nonmonetary factors in the inflation processes. This conclusion requires consideration of specific features of nonmonetary causes of inflation on behalf of the Central bank and the fiscal organs in development of concrete steps to reduce inflation. The priority should continue to be given to effective tariff regulation, modernization of industry and promotion of competition.