Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Activation of a catalyst [IrCl(COD)(IMes)] (IMes = 1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene; COD = cyclooctadiene)] for signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) was monitored by in situ hyperpolarized proton NMR at 9.4 T.

During the catalyst-activation process, the COD moiety undergoes hydrogenation that leads to its complete removal from the Ir complex. A transient hydride intermediate of the catalyst is observed via its hyperpolarized signatures, which could not be detected using conventional nonhyperpolarized solution NMR. SABRE enhancement of the pyridine substrate can be fully rendered only after removal of the COD moiety; failure to properly activate the catalyst in the presence of sufficient substrate can lead to irreversible deactivation consistent with oligomerization of the catalyst molecules. Following catalyst activation, results from selective RF-saturation studies support the hypothesis that substrate polarization at high field arises from nuclear cross-relaxation with hyperpolarized (1)H spins of the hydride/orthohydrogen spin bath.

Importantly, the chemical changes that accompanied the catalyst's full activation were also found to endow the catalyst with water solubility, here used to demonstrate SABRE hyperpolarization of nicotinamide in water without the need for any organic cosolvent--paving the way to various biomedical applications of SABRE hyperpolarization methods.
The method of producing of nano-dimensional silicon carbide and experimental results of pyrolysis of a mixture of a silicon-hydrocarbon composition by compressing in a cyclic chemical reactor has been proposed. New structural design solutions and ceramic coatings obtained by applying the technology of microarc oxidation were used in the compression unit of the chemical compression reactor. This allowed us to forego the traditional schemes, to achieve a high compression ratio, and to obtain the pressure and temperature required in the reaction zone for silicon-hydrocarbon composition pyrolysis. The flow-through pyrolysis method in chemical compression reactor is convenient, technological and efficient to be used in the production of high purity silicon carbide nanopowders.
Aim. To identify genetic markers of risk for ST-elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI). Material and methods . The study included 210 patients (119 men, 91 women) with STEMI, hospitalized from December 21, 2016 to June 16, 2017 The average age of men was 55,5±9,5 years, women — 57,5±9,1 years. The diagnosis of STEMI was verified according to the criteria of the European Society of Cardiology (2015, 2017). During hospitalization, patients underwent clinical and instrumental examination, stipulated by medical care standards and clinical guidelines We also conducted a genetic study of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which showed their association with the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) according to the GWAS: rs2820315 of the LMOD1 gene (Leiomodin 1, mapped on chromosome 1), rs9349379 of the PHACTR1 gene (regulator 1 of actin and phosphotase, localized on chromosome 6p241), rs867186 of the PROCR gene (Protein C receptor, located on chromosome 20q11.22), rsi1799883 of the FABP2 gene (Fatty acid-binding protein 2, located on chromosome 4q26). Statistical data analysis was performed using the SPSS 170.5 software package and authorial odds ratio (OR) calculator. Results. Carriage of the CC genotype of rs2820315 polymorphism of the LMOD gene is associated with an increased risk of STEMI by 1,87 times (95% CI 1,2862,722, p=0,016). Carriers of the CT genotype of rs2820315 polymorphism have a reduced risk of STEMI (OR 0,633; 95% CI 0,436-0,918, p=0,016). Conclusion. In order to identify risk groups for STEMI development, the study of the rs2820315 polymorphism of the LMOD gene is recommended. This will define the high-risk group for STEMI for developing of personalized programs for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events in practical health care, which will contribute to reducing of STEMI mortality.
An expression is derived for the signal of a magnetic loop encircling a plasma column inside a conducting chamber with nonuniform current distribution over the plasma cross section. The plasma with radius much smaller than the length of the column is assumed to be in a quasistationary force-balanced state.

The ratio of the paramagnetic component to the diamagnetic component of the signal is shown to be independent of the loop radius. Both components increase as the loop radius decreases from the chamber radius to the plasma radius. From the derived expressions, the paramagnetic component of the signal is calculated numerically for several current distributions including those of interest for the experiments.

At a given total current, the paramagnetic component of the signal may vary considerably, which generally has to be taken into account in interpreting experimental data. The results of the calculations are used to process the data obtained in the experiments on the SPIN plasma device.
DNA editing deaminases (APOBECs) are implicated in generation of mutations in somatic cells during tumorigenesis. APOBEC-dependent mutagenesis is thought to occur during transient exposure of unprotected single-stranded DNA. Mutations frequently occur in clusters (kataegis). We investigated mechanisms of mutant generation in growing and resting diploid yeast expressing APOBEC from sea lamprey, PmCDA1, whose kataegistic effect was previously shown to be associated with transcription. We have found that the frequency of canavanine-resistant mutants kept raising after growth cessation, while the profile of transcription remained unchanged. Surprisingly, the overall number of mutations in the genomes did not elevate in resting cells. Thus, mutations were accumulated during vigorous growth stage with both intense replication and transcription. We found that the elevated recovery of can1 mutant clones in non-growing cells is the result of loss of heterozygosity leading to clusters of homozygous mutations in the chromosomal regions distal to the reporter gene. We confirmed that recombination frequency in resting cells was elevated by orders of magnitude, suggesting that cells were transiently committed to meiotic levels of recombination, a process referred to in yeast genetics as return-to-growth. In its extreme, on Day 6 of starvation, a few mutant clones were haploid, likely resulting from completed meiosis. Distribution of mutations along chromosomes indicated that PmCDA1 was active during ongoing recombination events and sometimes produced characteristic kataegis near initial breakpoints. AID and APOBEC1 behaved similar to PmCDA1. We conclude that replication, transcription and mitotic recombination contribute to the recovered APOBEC-induced mutations in resting diploids. The mechanism is relevant to the initial stages of oncogenic transformation in terminally differentiated cells, when recombination may lead to the loss of heterozygosity exposing recessive mutations induced by APOBECs in cell's history and to acquisition of new mutations near original break.
We present direct real-time experimental measurements and numerical modeling of temporal and statistical properties for the Ytterbium-doped fiber laser with spectral bandwidth of ~2 GHz. The obtained results demonstrate nearly exponential probability density function for intensity fluctuations. A significant decrease below the Gaussian probability has been experimentally observed for intensity fluctuations having value more than 2.5 of average intensity that may be treated as indication of some mode correlations.
Charged-particle fragmentation functions for jets azimuthally balanced by a high-transverse-momentum, prompt, isolated photon are measured in 25 pb^{-1} of pp and 0.49 nb^{-1} of Pb+Pb collision data at 5.02 TeV per nucleon pair recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The measurements are compared to predictions of Monte Carlo generators and to measurements of inclusively selected jets. In pp collisions, a different jet fragmentation function in photon-tagged events from that in inclusive jet events arises from the difference in fragmentation between light quarks and gluons. The ratios of the fragmentation functions in Pb+Pb events to that in pp events are used to explore the parton color-charge dependence of jet quenching in the hot medium. In relatively peripheral collisions, fragmentation functions exhibit a similar modification pattern for photon-tagged and inclusive jets. However, photon-tagged jets are observed to have larger modifications than inclusive jets in central Pb+Pb events.
Multimode optical fibers (MMF) recently attracted a renewed attention, because of their potential for spatial division multiplexing, medical imaging and high-power fiber lasers, thanks to the discovery of new nonlinear optical effects, such as Kerr beam self-cleaning, spatiotemporal mode-locking, and geometric parametric instability, to name a few. The main feature of these effects is that many transverse modes are involved in nonlinear interactions. To advance our understanding, it is necessary to analyse the modal content of beams at the output of MMFs.

In this work, based on a computer digital holography method using a phase-only spatial light modulator (SLM) as a correlation filter, we experimentally demonstrate a method of mode decomposition involving a large (≃80) number of fiber modes. To obtain this, we carried out a SLM calibration, and numerically investigated the most critical parameters which affect the fidelity of the decomposition, by comparing experimental and reconstructed beam patterns in both the linear (speckled structures) and in the nonlinear (self-cleaned beams) propagation regime.
In this work we present the results of numerical simulation of the non-uniform self-complementary metasurface which is illuminated by circular polarized plane wave providing angular separation of the co- and cross-polarized THz beams.

We perform a Floquet analysis of non-uniform metasurface based on supercells and show that the metasurface will create the cross-polarized beam in the desired transmission angle, while keeping the co-polarized beam transmitted in the broadside.

It could be obtained by gradually altering the geometry of the unit cell along the metasurface to get different phase jumps for the cross-polar coefficients.
Applicability of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with species-specific primers to obtaining molecular markers for identification of the sibling species of Chironomus plumosus group - C. plumosus and C. balatonicus - has been estimated.

The nucleotide sequences of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) from the locus encoding ribosomal RNA (rRNA) were used as the source for designing the species-specific primers. The primers allowing for identification of C. plumosus and C. balatonicus were constructed. One primer pair (plu107F/plu363R) gives the PCR product MAR2, specific of C. plumosus, and the other (bal86F/plu363R), the PCR product MAR6, specific of C. balatonicus. The testing involving 18 species of the genus Chironomus confirmed the specificity of the primers.

The results suggest that the PCR with species-specific primers is promising for construction of molecular markers for identification not only of these two, but also of other Chironomus species.
In the work presented, the polymer-graphene-gold composites obtained by the methods of chemical vapor deposition and pulsed laser ablation (PLA) are studied.

The morphological and optical properties of the given samples are studied in detail.

It is shown that with an increase in the number of laser pulses in the PLA method, the metal coating transforms from separate small gold particles to a continuous cover with the presence of large nanoparticles. It is shown that a change in the gold film thickness influences significantly the efficiency of plasmon attenuation of a signal: with an increase in the average mass thickness, the effect increases and reaches its maximal value at film thickness of 6 nm. It is shown that the most intense plasmon absorption occurs in the wavelength range from 550 to 750 nm. A further increase in the thickness of metal coating decreases sample transparency in the studied range and does not affect the intensity of plasmon absorption and scattering.
This short review summarizes our contribution to the coordination chemistry of noble metals (organometallic fragments of Rh, Ir, Ru and hydroxo Pt(IV))

and polyoxocomplexes of niobium and tantalum
Visualisation of complex nonlinear equation solutions is a useful analysis tool for various scientific and engineering applications. We have re-examined the geometrical interpretation of the classical nonlinear four-wave mixing equations for the specific scheme of a phase sensitive one-pump fiber optical parametric amplification, which has recently attracted revived interest in the optical communications due to potential low noise properties of such amplifiers.

Analysis of the phase portraits of the corresponding dynamical systems provide valuable additional insight into field dynamics and properties of the amplifiers. Simple geometric approach has been proposed to describe evolution of the waves, involved in phase-sensitive fiber optical parametric amplification (PS-FOPA) process, using a Hamiltonian structure of the governing equations.

We have demonstrated how the proposed approach can be applied to the optimization problems arising in the design of the specific PS-FOPA scheme. The method considered here is rather general and can be used in various applications.
To study genetic determinants in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) on the background of arterial hypertension (AH) in combination with various extracardiac comorbid pathology.

In a prospective cohort study included 167 patients with paroxysmal and persistent forms of AF and stage II hypertension without CAD. The average age of the patients studied was 53.3±7.1 years. DNA isolation from blood leukocytes was carried out by phenol-chloroform extraction. Testing polymorphism rs2200733, polymorphism 174G/C (174G/C (rs1800795) gene IL6), the IL6 gene performed with PCR with RFLP. Testing of statistical hypotheses was carried out at a critical level of significance p=0.05, i.e. the difference was considered statistically significant at p<0.05. The lower limit of the evidential power was taken equal to 80%.

This study shows associations of polymorphisms 174G/C (rs1800795) of the IL6 gene, the IL6 gene and rs2200733 chromosome 4q25 with AF on the background of comorbidities: AH, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypothyroidism, T2DM, abdominal obesity. Associations of polymorphism 174G/C (rs1800795) of the IL6 gene with the risk of recurrence of AF on the background of individual comorbidities were also found; polymorphism rs2200733 chromosome 4q25 with triglyceride levels, index atherogenicity, creatinine, fibrinogen, with the number of months before the development of relapse; 174G/C (rs1800795) of the IL6 gene – with HDL cholesterol levels, creatinine, diastolic blood pressure, galectin-3. The results contributes to the study of such a complex phenomenon as the secondary form of atrial fibrillation, contributes to the accumulation of knowledge, bringing closer the time when therapeutic interventions will be individualized, based on an understanding of the pathological process in each patient.
Samples of water-hydrate-paraffin sediments with the regions of different colored were obtained by passing the emulsion of CO2-saturated water into oil through a cooled tubular reactor Each of the regions was characterized by means of powder X-ray diffraction.

It was shown that prevailing joint deposition of paraffins and hydrate occurs at some regions; complicated water-hydrate-paraffin agglomerates containing almost no admixture of the colored oil components. The possibility to form these agglomerates should be taken into account in the development of the methods preventing the deposition of hydrates and paraffins under real conditions.
Introduction. The detection of the first cases of tick-borne human granulocytic anaplasmosis in Russia, discovery of genetic markers for Anaplasma spp. in ixodid ticks and reporting of a significant number of cases of tick-borne infections in the southern part of Western Siberia give reason to suppose that causative agents of tick-borne anaplasmosis may be transmitted in Tomsk and its suburbs. Objective. To study the distribution and species biodiversity of A. phagocytophilum in ixodid ticks in Tomsk Region. Materials and methods. The analysis of 690 individual ixodid ticks (larvae and adults) was carried out for Ixodes persulcatus ( n = 530) and Dermacentor reticulatus ( n = 160) ticks collected in 2015–2016 on the territory of urban and suburban biotopes of Tomsk. Primary screening of ticks for the presence of genetic material of A. phagocytophilum was conducted using two-round PCR with species-specific primers for the 16S rRNA gene. The amplification (1,220 kB) of the groESL fragment of the heat shock protein operon was performed for positive isolates with subsequent determination of the nucleotide sequence in the gene fragment for phylogenetic analysis. Results. The number of A. phagocytophilum positive samples for I. persulcatus (larvae) was 1.2 ± 0.6%, I. persulcatus (adult) was 1.8 ± 0.7%; and D. reticulatus (adult) was 0.6 ± 0.3%. Analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the gene fragments in groESL operon for nine isolates confirmed that the genetic material of the granulocytic anaplasmosis was detected. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all the isolates belonged to the first group of the “new cluster” of A. phagocytophilum. Conclusion. The causative agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis has been newly detected in I. persulcatus ticks collected in urban and suburban biotopes of Tomsk and in D. reticulatus from urban foci.
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTMechanically Responsive Molecular CrystalsPanče Naumov*†, Stanislav Chizhik‡§, Manas K. Panda†, Naba K. Nath†, and Elena Boldyreva*‡§View Author Information† New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates‡ Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Kutateladze, 18, Novosibirsk 630128, Russia§ Novosibirsk State University, ul. Pirogova, 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia*E-mail: [email protected]*E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2015, 115, 22, 12440–12490Publication Date (Web):November 4, 2015Publication History Received7 July 2015Published online4 November 2015Published inissue 25 November 2015https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00398Copyright © 2015 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSACS AuthorChoiceArticle Views18773Altmetric-Citations599LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (23 MB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Crystal structure,Crystals,Deformation,Energy,Stress Get e-Alerts
The leaf epidermis of a monocotyledonous plant is a widely used model system for studying the differentiation of plant cells, as it contains readily observable specialized cells. The approach proposed in this paper uses a growing cereal leaf to study stress-induced dynamic changes in morphogenesis. In the process of formation, the linear leaf of wheat remains in the stationary growth phase for long. This fact permits us to observe a series of successive morphogenetic events recorded in the cellular structure of the mature leaf. In studying the cellular architecture of the wheat leaf epidermis, we obtained and processed confocal 3D images of wheat leaves stained with fluorescent dyes. This procedure allows an accurate morphometric description and determination of quantitative characteristics of the leaf epidermal pattern. Low temperatures are among the factors limiting the growing of crop plants in the temperate zone. In the present work, we show significant aberrations of stomatal morphogenesis in the epidermis of boot leaves of wheat varieties Saratovskaya 29 and Yanetskis Probat in response to cold stress. We found that nonfunctional stomata predominated in the zone of maximum manifestation of stress, whereas in the zones formed before and after the stress impact, the developmental anomalies come to the disturbance in the morphogenesis of subsidiary cells. In Saratovskaya 29, a significant amount of ectopic trichomes formed in rows predetermined to stoma formation. The proposed approach can provide standardized qualitative and quantitative data on stress-induced morphogenesis aberrations in wheat leaf epidermis. Subsequently, these data can be used for verification of computer models of leaf morphogenesis. Further study of the mechanisms of the effect of cold stress on morphogenesis will add to the search for additional opportunities to increase wheat yields in areas of risky agriculture.
We simulated the situation of risky hunting in the striped field mouse Apodemus agrarius in order to examine whether these animals are able to make a choice between small and large quantities of live prey (ants). In the first (preliminary) experiment we investigated to what extent mice were interested in ants as a live prey and how their hunting activity depended on the quantity of these edible but rather aggressive insects.

We placed mice one by one into arenas together with ant groups of different quantities, from 10 to 60. In the second experiment mice had to choose between different quantities of ants placed in two transparent tunnels. Ants here served both as food items and as a source of danger. As far as we know, this is the first experimental paradigm based on evaluation of quantity judgments in the context of risk/reward decision making where the animals face a trade-off between the hedonistic value of the prey and the danger it presents.

Surprisingly, animals, both wild-caught and laboratory-reared, displayed rather skilled predatory attacks: mice killed and ate from 0.37 ± 003 to 4 ± 0.5 ants per minute. However, there was a threshold number of ants in the arenas when rodents expressed signs of discomfort and started to panic, likely because ants bit them. This threshold corresponds to the dynamic density (about 400 individuals per m(2) per min) in the vicinity of anthills and ants' routes in natural environment. We found that when mice have to choose between 5 vs. 15, 5 vs. 30, and 10 vs. 30 ants, they always tend to prefer the smaller quantity, thus displaying the capacity for distinguishing more from less in order to ensure comfortable hunting. The results of this study are ecologically relevant as they reflect situations and challenges faced by free-living small rodents.