Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
A low-temperature intervening metallic regime arising in the two-dimensional superconductor-insulator transition challenges our understanding of electronic fluids. Here we develop a gauge theory revealing that this emergent anomalous metal is a bosonic topological insulator where bulk transport is suppressed by mutual statistics interactions between out-of-condensate Cooper pairs and vortices and the longitudinal conductivity is mediated by symmetry-protected gapless edge modes. We explore the magnetic-field-driven superconductor-insulator transition in a niobium titanium nitride device and find marked signatures of a bosonic topological insulator behavior of the intervening regime with the saturating resistance. The observed superconductor-anomalous metal and insulator-anomalous metal dual phase transitions exhibit quantum Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless criticality in accord with the gauge theory.
Ion channels, localized in cells with different specialization, may participate in the performance of various functions.

In the experiments on rats, quantitative PCR has shown that spleen cells express the genes of thermosensitive TRP ion channels (TRPV1, TRPV2, TRPV3, TRPV4, TRPM8, and TRPA1).Experiments in vitro with the addition of an agonist of the TRPM8 ion channel menthol (10 -5 M and 10 -8 M) to the incubation medium indicate the presence of the TRPM8 on immune cells, and its stimulatory effect on the antigen binding, the number of rosette-forming cells doubles under the influence of menthol at concentration of 10 -8 M. Stimulation of the TRPM8 ion channel localized in the skin nerve afferents by menthol (1% L-menthol) also has a stimulating effect on the antigen-binding function of spleen cells without interfering with the additional stimulation of this function when exposed to the TRPM8 agonist directly on spleen cells.

The obtained results testify to the important role of the TRPM8 ion channel of different localization (in spleen cells and in the peripheral sensory neurons) in the regulation of the antigen binding function in the spleen.This indicates new moments of the neuro-immune interaction.
Glycyrrhizin or glycyrrhizic acid (GA) - triterpene glycoside extracted from licorice root - has been intensively studied over the past decade and is considered to be a potential drug delivery system. Glycyrrhizin was found to enhance the therapeutic effect of various drugs; however the detailed mechanism of these effects is still unknown and attracts the attention of researchers. In this work, we have made an attempt to clarify the mechanism of Glycyrrhizin activity on molecular and cellular level. The influence of GA on the functional properties of biomembranes was investigated via NMR spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) using human erythrocytes as a model system. GA was shown to increase the permeability (about 60%) and to decrease elasticity modulus of cell membranes (by an order of magnitude) even in micromolar concentrations. Changes on the erythrocyte surface were also detected by AFM. These results could provide a new insight on the mechanism of bioavailability enhancement of some drugs in the presence of glycyrrhizin, as well as the mechanism of its own biological activity. The role of cholesterol-glycyrrhizin binding in the observed effects is also discussed.
Дерматовенерология У льтразвуковое исследование (УЗИ) кожиэто диагностическая методика
In dry conditions, tall and fast‐growing wheat plants with good tolerance to drought may offer higher grain yields than ‘Green revolution’ wheat.
The report is devoted to modeling the properties of composite materials. Two major approaches are considered: phenomenological and structural [1]. Within the framework of the first approach reinforced materials are modeled as homogeneous anisotropic medium with efficient physical and mechanical properties. In this case mechanical parameters of the material are determined basing on experimental data. In a structural approach, physical and mechanical parameters of the composite are expressed in terms of the parameters of its components and design of reinforcement that open up opportunities for improvement of the properties of composite structures.

The mathematical relations describing the nonlinear elastic three-point bending of isotropic and reinforced beams with account of different strength and stiffness behavior in tension and compression are obtained. An algorithm for numerical solution of corresponding boundary-value problems is proposed and implemented.

Results of numerical modeling have been compared to acquired data for polymer matrix and structural carbon fiber reinforced plastics.
HPHT diamond synthesis using catalysts based on magnesium demonstrates a number of intriguing characteristics.

In this highlight, we review the major characteristics of the growth, morphology, internal structure, and defect and impurity content of diamonds crystallized using Mg-based catalysts.
автоматики электрометрии СО РАН, Новосибирск, Россия 2 Новосибирский государственный университет, Новосибирск, Россия 3 Лаборатория фотоники Пермского научного центра УрО РАН, Пермь, Россия

Собран и исследован одночастотный волоконный лазер на основе иттербиевого волокна с увеличенной площадью поля моды сердцевины в качестве активной среды с самосканированием частоты в области
Hydrogeological studies in Russia are conducted in many areas, ranging from the assessment of the groundwater resource base to the study of water-rock-gas-organic matter system geological evolution.

This breadth of research was shown by the All-Russian Conference on Groundwaters of Eastern Russia (XXII Conference on groundwater of Siberia and Russian Far East with international participation) held on June 18-22, 2018 in Novosibirsk at the Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (IPGG SB RAS).

The meeting was attended by 138 scientists from 79 scientific, educational and industrial organizations.
We search for the rare flavor-changing neutral current process $B^{+}\rightarrow K^{+}τ^{+}τ^{-}$ using data from the BABAR experiment. The data sample, collected at the center-of-mass energy of the $Υ{(4S)}$ resonance, corresponds to a total integrated luminosity of 424 fb$^{-1}$ and to 471 million $B\overline{B}$ pairs.

We reconstruct one $B$ meson, produced in the $Υ{(4S)}\rightarrow B^{+} B^{-}$ decay, in one of many hadronic decay modes and search for activity compatible with a $B^{+}\rightarrow K^{+} τ^{+}τ^{-}$ decay in the rest of the event. Each $τ$ lepton is required to decay leptonically into an electron or muon and neutrinos.

Comparing the expected number of background events with the data sample after applying the selection criteria, we do not find evidence for a signal. The measured branching fraction is ($1.31^{+0.66}_{-0.61}$( stat.)$^{+0.35}_{-0.25}$( sys.)$) \times 10^{-3}$ with an upper limit, at the 90\% confidence level, of $\mathcal{B}(B^{+}\rightarrow K^{+}τ^{+}τ^{-})$$< 2.25\times 10^{-3}$.
This paper describes the equipment and methods of the beam diagnostics, namely, the beam current density distribution measuring and the beam position and inclines angle determination. Such a diagnosis is aimed at applying on the electron-beam technological installations, in particular, on the electron-beam welding installations.

The paper presents the results of the beam current density distribution measurement, describes the design of the beam position and inclines angle measurement system, and presents the results of preliminary tests of the prototype of this system.
The temporal evolution of quantal Joule heating of 2D electrons in GaAs quantum well placed in quantizing magnetic fields is studied using a difference frequency method. The method is based on measurements of the electron conductivity oscillating at the beat frequency $f=f_1-f_2$ between two microwaves applied to 2D system at frequencies $f_1$ and $f_2$. The method provides $direct$ access to the dynamical characteristics of the heating and yields the inelastic scattering time $\tau_{in}$ of 2D electrons. The obtained $\tau_{in}$ is strongly temperature dependent, varying from 0.13 ns at 5.5K to 1 ns at 2.4K in magnetic field $B$=0.333T. When temperature $T$ exceeds the Landau level separation the relaxation rate $1/\tau_{in}$ is proportional to $T^2$, indicating the electron-electron interaction as the dominant mechanism limiting the quantal heating. At lower temperatures the rate tends to be proportional to $T^3$, indicating considerable contribution from electron-phonon scattering.
In eukaryotes, trans-splicing is a process of nuclear pre-mRNA maturation where two different RNA molecules are joined together by the spliceosomal machinery utilizing mechanisms similar to cis-splicing. In diverse taxa of lower eukaryotes, spliced leader (SL) trans-splicing is the most frequent type of trans-splicing, when the same sequence derived from short small nuclear RNA molecules, called SL RNAs, is attached to the 5' ends of different non-processed pre-mRNAs. One of the functions of SL trans-splicing is processing polycistronic pre-mRNA molecules transcribed from operons, when several genes are transcribed as one pre-mRNA molecule. However, only a fraction of trans-spliced genes reside in operons, suggesting that SL trans-splicing must also have some other, less understood functions.

Here, we performed the first comprehensive study of SL trans-splicing in M. lignano. By reanalyzing the existing genome and transcriptome data of M. lignano, we estimate that 30 % of its genes are SL trans-spliced, 15 % are organized in operons, and almost 40 % are both SL trans-spliced and in operons. We annotated and characterized the sequence of SL RNA and characterized conserved cis- and SL transsplicing motifs.

Finally, we found that a majority of SL trans-spliced genes are evolutionarily conserved and significantly over-represented in neoblast-specific genes. Our findings suggest an important role of SL trans-splicing in the regulation and maintenance of neoblasts in M. lignano.
We propose an extrapolation technique that allows accuracy improvement of discrete dipole approximation computations.

The performance of this technique was studied empirically on the basis of extensive simulations for five test cases using many different discretizations.

The quality of the extrapolation improves with refining discretization, reaching extraordinary performance especially for cubically shaped particles. A 2-order-of-magnitude decrease of error is demonstrated. We also propose estimates of the extrapolation error, which are proven to be reliable. Finally, we propose a simple method to directly separate shape and discretization errors and illustrate this for one test case.
Urine of prostate cancer patients contains tumor-specific biopolymers, including protein- and microvesiclesassociated miRNAs that can potentially be used as oncomarkers. Previously we have characterized urine extracellular vesicles and demonstrated diagnostic potential of their miRNA cargo. In this study, we have performed a comparative analysis of the expression of 84 miRNA in paired samples of urine microvesicles and clarified urine from healthy men, patients with benign hyperplasia and cancer of the prostate using miRCURY LNA miRNA qPCR Panels. Subsets of miRNAs with differences in expression between the fractions of the urine were found in all three groups. Two groups of miRNA were identified based on the patterns of their differential expression. They regulate several key signaling pathways associated with prostate cancer development.Pri rake predstatel'noĭ zhelezy v moche obnaruzhivaiutsia opukholevospetsifichnye biopolimery, v tom chisle sviazannye v kompleksy s belkami i pogruzhennye vo vnekletochnye vezikuly miRNK, kotorye mogut byt' ispol'zovany v kachestve biomarkerov onkologicheskikh zabolevaniĭ. Ranee nami byli okharakterizovany vezikuly mochi i pokazana diagnosticheskaia perspektivnost' soderzhashchikhsia v nikh miRNK. V nastoiashchem issledovanii byl proveden sravnitel'nyĭ analiz 84 miRNK v parnykh obraztsakh mikrovezikul i supernatanta mochi zdorovykh donorov, patsientov s dobrokachestvennoĭ giperplazieĭ i rakom predstatel'noĭ zhelezy na platforme miRCURY LNA miRNA qPCR Panels. Vo vsekh gruppakh donorov naĭdeny nabory miRNK, uroven' kotorykh dostoverno razlichalsia mezhdu fraktsiiami. Vydeleny 2 gruppy miRNK, issledovany spektry ikh misheneĭ i pokazano ikh uchastie v riade signal'nykh puteĭ, v tom chisle sviazannykh s patogenezom RPZh.
It is believed that damage to the membranes of brain cells of schizophrenia (SCZ) patients induces the formation of autoantigens and autoantibodies. Nevertheless, the importance of immunological changes leading to the loss of tolerance to self-antigens in the genesis of SCZ has not been established. DNase autoantibodies (abzymes) can be found in the blood of patients with several autoimmune diseases, while the blood of healthy donors or patients with diseases without a significant disturbance of the immune status does not contain DNase abzymes.

The MALDI mass spectra of the IgG light chains of 20 healthy donors were relatively homogeneous and characterized by one peak with only one maximum. In contrast to the healthy donors, the MALDI mass spectra of IgG light chains corresponding to 20 SCZ patients demonstrated, similarly to 20 autoimmune systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, two maxima of a comparable intensity. In addition, the MALDI spectra of the IgG light chains of five SLE and four SCZ patients contained a small additional brightly pronounced peak with remarkably lower molecular mass compared with the main one. Here, we present the first analysis of anti-DNA antibodies and DNase abzymes in the sera of SCZ patients. Several strict criteria have been applied to show that the DNase activity is an intrinsic property of IgGs from the sera of SCZ patients.

The sera of approximately 30% of SCZ patients displayed a higher content of antibodies (compared with 37% of SLE) interacting with single- and double-stranded DNA compared with healthy donors. Antibodies with DNase activity were revealed in 80% of the patients. These data indicate that some SCZ patients may show signs of typical autoimmune processes to a certain extent.
The paper presents first results of investigations on processes take place in expander of mirror trap where sub-fusion plasma is confined. It is shown that plasma parameters remain constant at magnetic field expansion ratio decreasing down to K = 30. Potential drop in Debye layer near the end plate for expansion ratios K > 30 appeared to be much lower than electron temperature in the center of the mirror as well as characteristic energy of electrons trapped in the expander region.
The simulation of thermal fields and melting permafrost is an important step for engineering construction in many regions of Russia. Water-ice phase transitions in a 3D complicated computation domain must be taken into account.

The enthalpy statement with an implicit finite volume method was used to create a good discretization and a local mesh refinement to focus an area near the oil well. System of linear algebraic equations is solved using the iterative conjugate residual or conjugate gradient method in Krylov subspaces with the incomplete factorization algorithm in the Eisenstat modification as a preconditioner. A special high-parallel version of matrix generation and solving a system of the linear algebraic equations code have been developed and then efficiency has been estimated.

The performance results of the developed code and temperature fields for different wells configuration (1 well and 4 wells placed as squared) during 5 years have been presented. The results validation was based on the comparison with previous papers and other algorithms. The results of simulations are close those to presented by other authors.
We present a measurement of the ratio of the B¯s⁰ meson lifetime, in the flavor-specific decay to Ds⁺π⁻, to that of the B¯⁰ meson.

The pp collision data used correspond to an integrated luminosity of 1 fb(-1), collected with the LHCb detector, at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV.

Combining our measured value of 1.010±0.010±0.008 for this ratio with the known B¯⁰ lifetime, we determine the flavor-specific B¯s⁰ lifetime to be τ(B¯s⁰ )=1.535±0.015±0.014 ps, where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. This is the most precise measurement to date, and is consistent with previous measurements and theoretical predictions.
We have surveyed avian influenza virus (AIV) genomes from live poultry markets within China since 2014.

Here we present a total of 16,091 samples that were collected from May 2016 to February 2019 in 23 provinces and municipalities in China. We identify 2048 AIV-positive samples and perform next generation sequencing.

AIV-positive rates (12.73%) from samples had decreased substantially since 2016, compared to that during 2014–2016 (26.90%). Additionally, H9N2 has replaced H5N6 and H7N9 as the dominant AIV subtype in both chickens and ducks. Notably, novel reassortants and variants continually emerged and disseminated in avian populations, including H7N3, H9N9, H9N6 and H5N6 variants. Importantly, almost all of the H9 AIVs and many H7N9 and H6N2 strains prefer human-type receptors, posing an increased risk for human infections. In summary, our nation-wide surveillance highlights substantial changes in the circulation of AIVs since 2016, which greatly impacts the prevention and control of AIVs in China and worldwide.
The paper presented is intended to analyze an approach to a long-term inter-sector and inter-regional economic analysis as based on an optimization model. This approach was developed in IEIE SB RAS and resulted in several directions of application. One of them is investigation of interactions between a national economy and its energy production segment.

The model being discussed includes input-output tables for six regions of Russian economy supplemented with model blocks for interregional transportations. It includes a natural block of energy production, processing and transportation. The last version of this model combines 45 products of different economic sectors including 8 ones of an energy sector (rough oil, gas and coal, two kinds of petroleum products, coal processing, electricity and heat), and 6 Russian macro-regions; it is a composition of two sub-models for 2 time periods: 2008-2020 and 2021-2030. Each of the sub-models treats time changes in simplified manner – it means that all the variables are defined for the last year of the period and the variables of the basic year are fixed as exogenous ones.

The dynamics of investments into fixed capital is treated as non-linear functions being adapted with the help of linearization techniques.
Significance Denisovans are a sister group of Neandertals that were identified on the basis of a nuclear genome sequence from a bone from Denisova Cave (Siberia). The only other Denisovan specimen described to date is a molar from the same site. We present here nuclear DNA sequences from this molar and a morphological description, as well as mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences from another molar from Denisova Cave, thus extending the number of Denisovan individuals known to three. The nuclear DNA sequence diversity among the Denisovans is higher than among Neandertals, but lower than among present-day humans. The mtDNA of one molar has accumulated fewer substitutions than the mtDNAs of the other two specimens, suggesting Denisovans were present in the region over several millennia.
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the nutrition in adolescents with different weight status. Material and methods.In April-May 2019,a cross-sectional population survey was conducted on a random representative sample of schoolchildren aged 14-18 years of both sexes, 612 people were examined: 249 boys (40.9%), 360 girls (59.1%). Diet recall was taken in 537 persons.The survey program included a standard questionnaire,anthropometry,and assessment of diet using 24-hour dietary recall (537 persons).Results. Based on IOTF criteria, 5 body mass index categories were identified:underweight,normal weight,overweight,obesity,extreme obesity.Because of low prevalence of obesity and extreme obesity in the study these groups were combined with the overweight group and further 3 groups were analyzed:underweight,normal weight and overweight.The prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescents in Novosibirsk was 22.1% in boys and 14.4% in girls. Disturbances in the structure of nutrition were revealed both in the studied sample of adolescents in general, and in the group of boys and girls with overweight and obesity. Quotas of fat energy in general, saturated fatty acids, easily digestible sugars exceed recommended levels. The fiber content was below the recommended level by more than 2 times. Above 80% of overweight adolescents underestimate energy intake. Percent of under-reporting of energy intake in boys was 45,8% in underweight group; 48,6% in normal weight group;80,6% in overweight group.In girls – 26,8%,54,1% and 85,1%, respectively.Conclusions. The results show that both adolescents with overweight and obesity, as well as with normal indicators of physical development, need to optimize nutrition
Hydrolytic equilibria of Tm (III) in KOH solutions were studied at 25°C.

A spectrophotometry with m-cresol purple and 2-naphthol as pH indicators was used at an ionic strength of not more than 0.0005.

The results indicate that in freshly prepared solutions at pH ranging between 6 and 10 Tm is present as , , and . The stepwise stability constants of hydroxide complexes calculated at zero ionic strength were obtained as coefficient of linear regression equations from the graph of optical densities of the indicators in Tm solutions at varying pH.
The kinetics and the mechanism of thermal decomposition of ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene without additive and with TPP additives in oxidative and inert media has been studied

using the method of differential mass-spectrometric thermal analysis at a high heating rate and the method of thermogravimetric analysis at a low heating rate

aimed at understanding the mechanism of reducing combustibility of UHMWPE with TPP additives. The results of the study may testify to the fact that not the thermal polymer degradation reactions but the gas-phase reactions in the UHMWPE flame with TPP participation are responsible for flame retardancy of UHMWPE.