Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
The flow structure inside the Ranque vortex tube is investigated by LDA method. The mean velocity field is presented in the working channel of square cross-section at overpressures of 0.1 and 0.3 MPa. Two-dimensional mean velocity pattern is analyzed for the center longitudinal plane, and all the three velocity components all over the transverse coordinate are shown in three cross-sections of the working channel: near the guiding apparatus, in the center and near the hot exit
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) act as DNA break sensors and catalyze the synthesis of polymers of ADP-ribose (PAR) covalently attached to acceptor proteins at DNA damage sites. It has been demonstrated that both mammalian PARP1 and PARP2 PARylate double-strand break termini in DNA oligonucleotide duplexes in vitro. Here, we show that mammalian PARP2 and PARP3 can PARylate and mono(ADP-ribosyl)ate (MARylate), respectively, 5'- and 3'-terminal phosphate residues at double- and single-strand break termini of a DNA molecule containing multiple strand breaks. PARP3-catalyzed DNA MARylation can be considered a new type of reversible post-replicative DNA modification. According to DNA substrate specificity of PARP3 and PARP2, we propose a putative mechanistic model of PARP-catalyzed strand break-oriented ADP-ribosylation of DNA termini. Notably, PARP-mediated DNA ADP-ribosylation can be more effective than PARPs' auto-ADP-ribosylation depending on the DNA substrates and reaction conditions used. Finally, we show an effective PARP3- or PARP2-catalyzed ADP-ribosylation of high-molecular-weight (∼3-kb) DNA molecules, PARP-mediated DNA PARylation in cell-free extracts and a persisting signal of anti-PAR antibodies in a serially purified genomic DNA from bleomycin-treated poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase-depleted HeLa cells. These results suggest that certain types of complex DNA breaks can be effectively ADP-ribosylated by PARPs in cellular response to DNA damage.
The brachypterous grasshopper Podisma sapporensis Shiraki (Orthoptera: Acrididae) consists of two major chromosomal races with different sex chromosome systems. In the X0/XX race, the diploid number of chromosomes is 2n = 23 (X0) in males and 2n = 24 (XX) in females. In the XY/XX race, the diploid number is 2n = 22 (XY) in males and 2n = 22 (XX) in females, owing to Robertsonian fusion between an autosome and the X chromosome. The X0/XX and XY/XX races are allopatrically distributed, and each race contains geographical populations characterized by different chromosomal inversions. A previous hypothesis suggested that the XY/XX race was derived from the X0/XX race.

To test this hypothesis, we examined mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence variation in two regions (cytochrome oxidase subunit II and 16S ribosomal DNA) among 29 P. sapporensis individuals representing five X0/XX and 12 XY/XX populations.

The maximum parsimony tree of mtDNA indicated that neither of the two chromosomal races was monophyletic. Northern populations of XY/XX race did not join a clade consisting of more southern XY/XX populations but were included in a clade consisting of X0/XX populations. On the basis of these results, we propose two hypotheses for the differentiation between the northern and southern XY/XX populations. First, the XY/XX karyotype may have occurred more than once. Second, introgression of mtDNA may have occurred across adjacent populations possessing different karyotypes.
A magnetic-separating system is designed to produce polarized molecular high-density beams of H2/D2.

The distribution of the magnetic field inside the aperture of the multipole magnet was calculated using the Mermaid software package. The calculation showed that the characteristic value of the magnetic field is 40 kGs, the field gradient is about 60 kGs/cm. A numerical calculation of the trajectories of the motion of molecules with different spin projections in this magnetic system is performed.

The article discusses the possibility of using the magnetic system designed for the creation of a high-intensity source of polarized molecules. The expected intensity of this source is calculated. The expected flux of molecules focused in the receiver tube is 3.5·1016 mol/s for the hydrogen molecule and 2.0·1015 mol/s for the deuterium molecule.
While metal-organic frameworks based on aromatic carboxylates are very numerous and well investigated, the chemistry of their fully fluorinated analogues is at the very beginning. This minireview aims at summarizing all metal complexes with octafluorobiphenyl-4,4′-dicarboxylate (oFBPDC 2− ) anion and in particular, porous coordination polymers, their syntheses, crystal structures and functional properties highlighting the importance of further investigation of such systems.
We present the essential features of the dissipative parametric instability, in the universal complex Ginzburg-Landau equation.

Dissipative parametric instability is excited through a parametric modulation of frequency dependent losses in a zig-zag fashion in the spectral domain. Such damping is introduced respectively for spectral components in the +ΔF and in the -ΔF region in alternating fashion, where F can represent wavenumber or temporal frequency depending on the applications.

Such a spectral modulation can destabilize the homogeneous stationary solution of the system leading to growth of spectral sidebands and to the consequent pattern formation: both stable and unstable patterns in one- and in two-dimensional systems can be excited. The dissipative parametric instability provides an useful and interesting tool for the control of pattern formation in nonlinear optical systems with potentially interesting applications in technological applications, like the design of mode-locked lasers emitting pulse trains with tunable repetition rate; but it could also find realizations in nanophotonics circuits or in dissipative polaritonic Bose-Einstein condensates.
This paper describes the application of Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) for effectively detecting anomalies in time series data obtained from experimental study of the combustion and gasification of mechanically activated coal fuel in a thermal furnace. We train Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) units to learn the normal time series patterns and predict anomaly values. The resulting prediction errors between real and expected values are analyzed to give anomaly scores. To investigate the most suitable configuration of RNN and evaluate the effectiveness of the anomaly detection model, we used three datasets of real-world data that contain several types of anomalies. The developed RNN algorithm detected 9 out the 9 collective anomalies in the hold-out sample with one false positive anomaly event.
The Department of Semiconductor Physics at the Faculty of Physics, Novosibirsk State University, trains specialists for research work in the field of condensed matter physics, semiconductor physics and the physics of low-dimensional systems and nanostructures. It also provides knowledge enabling its graduates to participate in developing semiconductor technologies, improving existing and creating new opto-, micro- and nanoelectronic devices. The article describes the history of the creation of the department, the main stages of the formation of training courses and work on the organization of students’ research practice in the laboratories of Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics (ISP), which is the basic Institute for the department. An overview of the training courses taught at the department for the preparation of bachelors and masters is given. It is told about the scientific and technological achievements of ISP, and about unique measuring, analytical and technological equipment available in the laboratories of the Institute, which is the basis for organizing research work of students at a high scientific and methodological level.
We review methods for coherently controlling Rydberg quantum states of atomic ensembles using Adiabatic Rapid Passage and Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Passage. These methods are commonly used for population inversion in simple two-level and three-level systems.

We show that adiabatic techniques allow us to control population and phase dynamics of complex entangled states of mesoscopic atomic ensembles for quantum information processing with Rydberg atoms.

We also propose several schemes of single-qubit and two-qubit gates based on adiabatic passage, Rydberg blockade and F"{o}rster resonances in Rydberg atoms.
Studying changes of gene pools of populations of the domestic animals caused by selection and reflecting micro evolutionary processes, represents both practical and theoretical interest.As a rule, in such works the qualitative traits controlled by the principle «one genotype -one phenotype» are used that significantly simplifies the analysis.We investigated dynamic processes in Landrace population of domestic pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus), having estimated a variation of one of continuous quantitative traits, the newborn piglet weight, for which similar relationship is not unambiguous.Statistical analysis of the zootechnical register data was carried out on more than 26 thousand pigs that were born within 23 years at an experimental farm (Novosibirsk Province), being the regional authorized Landrace breed nucleus.Ancestors of the formed population were delivered from Latvia in the early 1960s.They were the elite young animals estimated on a standard complex of selection traits.The entire period of existence of population the formation of its breeding nuclear was carried out on a complex of traits according to existing Instruction for estimation of breeding value of pigs.As the Instruction didn't contain standards on a large newborn weight, the selection on the specified trait wasn't made.The changes of statistical parameters of the newborn weight in piglets were estimated for each year of the observation, because the analyzed livestock was not a model laboratory population, but a typical breeding commercial herd in which continuous variability of a trait is interfaced to continuous «sliding» alternations of generations and the variability of age structure.During long-time analysis of the dynamics of this unselected trait, the directional (moving) selection on genotypes for the loci controlling growth rate of pigs in ontogenesis (in pre-and post-natal periods) is revealed.In the populations where such selection works, the newborn weight of piglets can be used for forecasting pig weight during the postnatal period.Application of «parent-descendant» regression on the newborn weight allowed to estimate the duration of a population gene pool adaptation to new environment.It appeared that process of adaptation lasted nearly two decades that made five full changes of the generations.In the same population at the same time the stabilizing selection optimized an individual animal weight at birth, cutting both minimum and maximum values.The described mechanism includes cyclic vector changes towards driving selection against the stabilizing selection vectors and thus maintains the population polymorphism on loci which control prenatal growth and large weight in the newborns.An observed unevenness of wavy change of these cycles should be also noted.
Status of several projects under development in Budker INP with GEM-based detectors for synchrotron radiation imaging and particle tracking is reviewed.

These are namely: the detector for imaging of explosions(DIMEX) at SR beam, the detector for WAXS studies at SR beam (OD4), the triple-GEM detectors for the tagging system of KEDR experiment at VEPP-4M collider and the triple-GEM detectors for the tagging system of Deuteron experiment at VEPP-3 storage ring.
Immunization of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)-prone C57 BL/6 mice with MOG 35-55 (a model used to study aspects of human multiple sclerosis) is known to lead to the production of various abzymes. The production of catalytic IgGs that can efficiently hydrolyse myelin basic protein (MBP), MOG and DNA is associated with changes in the profile of differentiation and level of proliferation of mice bone marrow haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).

As MOG simulates the production of abzymes with high DNase activity, we compared the effects of DNA and MOG immunization on EAE-prone mice. Immunization with DNA only resulted in a significant increase in DNase activity over 40 days where it became 122-fold higher than before immunization, and fivefold higher when comparing to the maximal activity obtained after MOG treatment. DNA and MOG immunization had different effects on the differentiation profiles of HSCs, lymphocyte proliferation, and the level of apoptosis in bone marrow and other organs of mice.

The data indicate that for C57 BL/6 mice, DNA may have antagonistic effects with respect to MOG immunization. The usually fast immune response following MOG injection in C57 BL/6 mice is strongly delayed after immunization with DNA, which is probably due to a rearrangement of the immune system following the response to DNA.
A number of neutral beams with ballistic focusing were developed in several recent years for fusion studies in the Budker Insitute. Diagnostic neutral beam injectors for large stellarator W-7X and tokamak T-15 were produced and tested.

A high power, relatively low energy neutral beam injector was developed to upgrade the neutral beam system of the gas dynamic trap device and C2-U/W experiments. This injector produces a proton beam with the particle energy of 15 keV, ion current of up to 175 A, and pulse duration up to 30 ms. For tokamaks Globus-M and TCV heating injectors of focused neutral beams with power ∼1 MW and duration ∼1 s were elaborated and produced.

Future development of diagnostic and heating neutral beam injectors is discussed in the paper.
Black crystal, a new mutant of coat color pattern occurring in the American mink in the course of selection for domestic behavior, is described. A salient feature of the mutation is the appearance of white guard hairs producing a veil-like covering of the body. In the Black crystal homozygote, coat color is of the Himalayan type. Breeding data demonstrate that the novel color phase is inherited as a monogenic autosomal semidominant trait. The mutant gene is designated as Black crystal and is symbolized by Cr. The Cr gene is not allelic to the multiple-allelic series at the Black cross locus.
Equilibrium problems for a 2D elastic bodies with thin Euler-Bernoulli and Timoshenko elastic inclusions are considered. It is assumed that inclusions have a joint point, and a junction problem for these inclusions is analyzed.

Existence of solutions is proved, and different equivalent formulations of problems are discussed. In particular, junction conditions at the joint point are found. A delamination of the elastic inclusions is also assumed. In this case, inequality type boundary conditions are imposed at the crack faces to prevent a mutual penetration between crack faces.

A convergence to infinity of a rigidity parameter of the elastic inclusions is investigated. Limit problems are analyzed.
A non-linear problem on steady non-homogeneous flows over an uneven bottom is considered.

A semi-analytical model deals with asymptotic solutions of the Dubreil-Jacotin — Long equation of uniformly stratified fluid. Approximate solutions are constructed by the perturbation procedure combined with the Fourier method of modal expansion.

Stationary wave patterns forced above the rough terrain of finite horizontal extension are calculated and analyzed.
After exposure to thermal stress or a control temperature, the relative abundance of ecdysone (E) and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) was measured in a wild-type line of Drosophila virilis (101) that is stress responsive and in a mutant line (147) that is not stress responsive. In line 101, the 20E content was higher and E content lower in females than in males. The abundance of E and 20E in females of line 147 was significantly higher than that in females of line 101. Females of line 101 were found to respond to 60 min of heat stress (38°C) by an increase in the abundance of both E and 20E, while in males of this line the amount of 20E increased and that of E declined. A role of the ecdysteroids in the control of reproduction of D. virilis under stress is discussed.
Organization of a cloud of micro-droplets of condensate into an ordered hexagonal structure levitating over a heated layer of liquid (the so called micro-droplet cluster) has been observed in several recent experimental works, however the nature of this phenomenon is still not completely understood. In the present paper the micro-droplet cluster is studied on a test section with relatively large heating area, under the condition when the liquid layer ruptures and dry spots form on the heater. It has been found, that the micro-droplets can levitate not only over the heated liquid surface, but also over a dry surface of the heater, following the rupture of the liquid layer. The micro-droplets can move over the dry surface as far as 3 mm away from the contact line, and can exist for up to 3.5 seconds after the rupture.
The mutations in the GJB2 (Сх26) gene make the biggest contribution to hereditary hearing loss. The spectrum and prevalence of the GJB2 gene mutations are specific to populations of different ethnic origins. For several GJB2 mutations, their origin from appropriate ancestral founder chromosome was shown, approximate estimations of 'age' obtained, and presumable regions of their origin outlined.

This work presents the results of the carrier frequencies' analysis of the major (for European countries) mutation c.35delG (GJB2 gene) among 2,308 healthy individuals from 18 Eurasian populations of different ethnic origins: Bashkirs, Tatars, Chuvashs, Udmurts, Komi-Permyaks, Mordvins, and Russians (the Volga-Ural region of Russia); Byelorussians, Ukrainians (Eastern Europe); Abkhazians, Avars, Cherkessians, and Ingushes (Caucasus); Kazakhs, Uzbeks, Uighurs (Central Asia); and Yakuts, and Altaians (Siberia). The haplotype analysis of chromosomes with the c.35delG mutation in patients with nonsyndromic sensorineural hearing loss (N=112) and in population samples (N=358) permitted the reconstruction of an ancestral haplotype with this mutation, established the common origin of the majority of the studied mutant chromosomes, and provided the estimated time of the c.35delG mutation carriers expansion (11,800 years) on the territory of the Volga-Ural region.

The prevalence of the c.35delG mutation in the studied ethnic groups may act as additional evidence for a prospective role of the founder effect in the origin and distribution of this mutation in various populations worldwide.
We have monitored the cathodoluminescence (CL) emitted upon injection of free electrons into a hybrid structure consisting of a thin magnetic Fe layer deposited on a p-GaAs substrate, in which InGaAs quantum wells are embedded. Electrons transmitted through the unbiased metal/semiconductor junction recombine radiatively in the quantum wells. Because of the electron spin-filtering across the Fe/GaAs structure, the CL intensity, collected from the backside, is found to depend on the relative orientation between the injected electronic spin polarization and the Fe layer magnetization. The spin asymmetry of the CL intensity in such junction provides a compact optical method for measuring spin polarization of free electrons beams or of hot electrons in solid-state devices.
We report on a search for the charmless decays B+→ϕπ+ and B0→ϕπ0 that are strongly suppressed in the standard model. The analysis is based on a data sample of 657×106 B¯¯¯B pairs collected at the Υ(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e+e− collider. We find no significant signal and set upper limits of 3.3×10−7 for B+→ϕπ+ and 1.5×10−7 for B0→ϕπ0 at the 90% confidence level.Received 20 June 2012DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.86.031101© 2012 American Physical Society
Despite the advances in medicine, about 4 million children under the age of 6 months die annually around the world due to infection, which is 450 deaths per hour (UNISEF, 2009). The degree of development of the immune system of children born in time is determined by many factors, including the immunogenetic similarity or diﬀerence of mother and fetus organisms, which, in turn, is due to the genotypes of mating pairs, as well as the selection of surrogate mothers during in vitro fertilization. From our review of the literature, it follows that immunogenetic interactions of mother and fetus organisms, which occur at all stages of pre- and postnatal development, have a signifcant eﬀect on the resistance of oﬀspring to infections and allergens. Before implantation, the mother’s immune responses are formed under the inﬂuence of semen ﬂuid antigens, leukocytes and cytokines, as well as under the inﬂuence of the genes of the major histocompatibility complex, which are expressed in embryos at the stage of two cells. After implantation, transplacental transfer of immunoglobulins and immunocompetent cells becomes of immunomodulating importance. It is important to emphasize that, although substances with a high molecular weight usually do not pass through the placenta, this rule does not apply to immunoglobulin G (IgG), which, with a molecular weight of about 160 kDa, overcomes the transplacental barrier due to binding to the fetal Fc receptor. The level of IgG in newborns usually correlates with the level of maternal antibodies. During the period of natural feeding, the immune protection of newborns is provided by the mechanisms of innate immunity and the factors of humoral immunity of mothers. It has been shown that immunoglobulins from the milk of many animal species are transferred through the neonatal intestinal epithelium to the blood. Since breast milk contains large amounts of various immunoactive components, including proteins, cytokines, hormones, immunoglobulins, exosomes containing micro-RNA, and viable immune cells, the immunomodulating eﬀects of breast milk persist even after elimination of maternal immunoglobulins from the blood of the oﬀspring, up to maturation. Analysis of a large body of experimental data shows that the study of mechanisms of “motherfetus” and “mother-newborn” interactions are the basis of a knowledge base needed to fnd means of life-long directed modulation of the descendants’ immune status.
Emerging evidence suggests that obesity impacts brain physiology at multiple levels.

Here we aimed to clarify the relationship between obesity and brain structure using structural MRI (n = 6420) and genetic data (n = 3907) from the ENIGMA Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) working group. Obesity (BMI > 30) was significantly associated with cortical and subcortical abnormalities in both mass-univariate and multivariate pattern recognition analyses independent of MDD diagnosis.

The most pronounced effects were found for associations between obesity and lower temporo-frontal cortical thickness (maximum Cohen´s d (left fusiform gyrus) = −0.33). The observed regional distribution and effect size of cortical thickness reductions in obesity revealed considerable similarities with corresponding patterns of lower cortical thickness in previously published studies of neuropsychiatric disorders. A higher polygenic risk score for obesity significantly correlated with lower occipital surface area. In addition, a significant age-by-obesity interaction on cortical thickness emerged driven by lower thickness in older participants. Our findings suggest a neurobiological interaction between obesity and brain structure under physiological and pathological brain conditions.
With an improved technique, evidence has been obtained of the absence of nonrandom variations of the chromosome number in the cells of male gonads of earthworms of polyploid forms

it has been ascertained that the diploid form of Eisenia nordenskioldi has 18 chromosomes