Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
A method for the synthesis of amorphous hydrogenated carbon (a-C:H) films with high adhesion is proposed, based on the implantation of carbon ions into a monocrystalline germanium substrate. The flow of ionized carbon was created by an anode layer ions source in crossed electric and magnetic fields. Propane gas was introduced into the area with an increased electron concentration. The gas flow rate varied from 4.5 to 10 sccm. Ionized fragments of propane, including carbon ions, were accelerated by the electric field and deposited on the substrate. At the same time, ionized carbon penetrated into the surface layer of germanium, creating an interlayer that provides film's adhesion. The substrate was argon sputtered for several minutes before the deposition. The synthesis of the coating includes two-stage process. At the first stage, the films were deposited by an ion beam with a mean energy of about 1.6 keV for 0.5 to 1 hour to obtain an adhesive interlayer. Then the mean energy of the beam was reduced to 0.3 keV and the deposition continued for 3.5 hours to maintain the hardness of the coatings. The deposition rate was changed from 0.3 to 1.3 Å/sec. Adhesion, the bond between the coating and the substrate is high. There is no detachment of the film while scratching by diamond Berkovich nanoindent with a load of up to 50 mN. The maximum film hardness is 20 GPa. Spectroscopic studies have shown the maximum transmission of germanium with a single side a-C:H coating is 67% at a wavelength of 5 μm, while bare substrate transmission is 51%. The results of the work can be applied in the creation of protective antireflective coatings of optical systems, the creation of medical implants and mechanical devices.
It is known that circulating DNA (cirDNA) is protected from nuclease activity by proteins that form macromolecular complexes with DNA. In addition, it was previously shown that cirDNA can bind to the outer surface of exosomes. NTA analysis and real-time PCR show that exosomes from healthy females (HF) or breast cancer patients (BCP) plasma contain less than 1.4 × 10-8 pg of DNA. Thus, only a minor part of cirDNA is attached to the outer side of the exosome as part of the vesicle crown: the share of exosomal DNA does not exceed 0.025% HF plasma DNA and 0.004% BCP plasma DNA. Treatment of plasma exosomes with DNase I with subsequent dot immunoassay reveals that H2a, H2b, and H3 histones are not part of the exosomal membrane, but are part of the cirDNA-protein macromolecular complex associated with the surface of the exosome either through interaction with DNA-binding proteins or with histone-binding proteins. Using bioinformatics approaches after identification by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, 16 exosomal DNA-binding proteins were identified. It was shown that four proteins-AIFM1, IGHM, CHD5, and KCNIP3-are candidates for DNA binding on the outer membrane of exosomes; the crown of exosomes may include five DNA-binding proteins: H2a, H2b, H3, IGHM, and ALB. Of note, AIFM1, IGHM, and CHD5 proteins are found only in HF plasma exosomes; KCNIP3 protein is identified only in BCP plasma exosomes; and H2a, H2b, H3, and ALB are revealed in all samples of plasma exosomes. Two histone-binding proteins, CHD5 and KDM6B, have been found in exosomes from HF plasma. The data obtained indicate that cirDNA preferentially binds to the outer membrane of exosomes by association with DNA-binding proteins.
A train of short charged particle bunches can efficiently drive a strong plasma wakefield over a long propagation distance only if all bunches reside in focusing and decelerating phases of the wakefield. This is shown possible with equidistant bunch trains, but requires the bunch charge to increase along the train and the plasma frequency to be higher than the bunch repetition frequency.
This paper is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the impact of foreign investment on the development of the oil and gas sector in Russia, which includes both directions: the impact of foreign direct investment inflows on the production and economic indicators of the oil and gas sector of Russia, and the effect of these indicators on foreign investment inflows. Foreign investments are the driving force in the development of the Russian oil and gas complex and the economy as a whole. So it was until 2014, today’s situation has changed somewhat: the influx of foreign investment in the energy sector of is complicated not only by imposed sanctions, but also the main obstacle - the instability of world energy prices. The current price environment, as well as the supply and demand situation are pushing foreign investors to reduce the investment proposal. Today, the fuel and energy complex, and especially OGC, plays a huge role in the socio-economic development of the country and the increase in GDP, which determines the purpose and objectives of this study.
Extracellular vesicles provide cell-to-cell communication and have great potential for use as therapeutic carriers.

This study was aimed at the development of an extracellular vesicle-based system for nucleic acid delivery. Three types of nanovesicles were assayed as oligonucleotide carriers: mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles and mimics prepared either by cell treatment with cytochalasin B or by vesicle generation from plasma membrane. Nanovesicles were loaded with a DNA oligonucleotide by freezing/thawing, sonication, or permeabilization with saponin. Oligonucleotide delivery was assayed using HEK293 cells.

Extracellular vesicles and mimics were characterized by a similar oligonucleotide loading level but different efficiency of oligonucleotide delivery. Cytochalasin-B-inducible nanovesicles exhibited the highest level of oligonucleotide accumulation in HEK293 cells and a loading capacity of 0.44 ± 0.05 pmol/µg. The loaded oligonucleotide was mostly protected from nuclease action.
The production of $J/\psi$ mesons accompanied by open charm, and of pairs of open charm hadrons are observed in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV using an integrated luminosity of $355pb^{-1}$ collected with the LHCb detector. Model independent measurements of absolute cross-sections are given together with ratios to the measured $J/\psi$ and open charm cross-sections. The properties of these events are studied and compared to theoretical predictions.
In recent years, the hyperpolarization method Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange (SABRE) has developed into a powerful technique to enhance Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) signals of organic substrates in solution (mostly via binding to the nitrogen lone pair of N-heterocyclic compounds) by several orders of magnitude. In order to establish the application and development of SABRE as a hyperpolarization method for medical imaging, the separation of the Ir-N-Heterocyclic Carbene (Ir-NHC) complex, which facilitates the hyperpolarization of the substrates in solution, is indispensable. Here, we report for the first time the use of novel Ir-NHC complexes with a polymer unit substitution in the backbone of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes (NHC) for SABRE hyperpolarization, which permits the removal of the complexes from solution after the hyperpolarization of a target substrate has been generated.
A random walk based stochastic simulation algorithm for solving a nonlinear system of transient drift-diffusion-Poisson equations for semiconductors with random doping profile is developed. This analysis has a theoretical but also a practical interest since an addition even of a small concentration of foreign atoms to the regular semiconductor material produces dramatic changes in the electrical properties.

The nonlinear drift-diffusion-Poisson system is solved by the iteration procedure including alternating simulation of the drift-diffusion processes and solving the Poisson equation. Here, we extend the iteration algorithm to solve the drift-diffusion-Poisson system with additional term governing the random inputs in the system like the stochastic doping, random distribution of quantum dots, and an irregular family of defects.

The method is then applied to simulate and analyze the stochastic dynamics of the transport of electrons and holes in doped semiconductor material. Impact of these random entries on the stochastic dynamics of the drift velocity and electron and hole concentrations is studied.
Levilimab is anti-interleukin-6 receptor (IL6R) monoclonal antibody. The article presents data obtained during 24 weeks of the SOLAR phase III study. Objective : to confirm efficacy and safety of levilimab in combination with methotrexate (MTX) in patients with methotrexate resistant active rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Patients and methods . 154 adult patients, aged ≥18 years with the diagnosis of RA (ACR/EULAR 2010) and confirmed disease activity at screening despite treatment with MTX for at least 12 weeks (in a stable dose 15-25 mg/week). Patients were randomized 2:1 in levilimab (162 mg once a week, subcutaneously) + MTX (n=102) or placebo + MTX (n=52) group.The hypothesis of superiority of levilimab over placebo was tested for two co-primary efficacy endpoints: proportion of subjects who achieved ACR20 at week 12 and proportion of subjects who achieved low disease activity (LDA) of RA (DAS28-CRP <3.2) at week 24. Safety was assessed through monitoring of adverse events (AEs).

Results and discussion . Seventy (68.6%) subjects who received levilimab and 20 (38.5%) who received placebo achieved ACR20 response at week 12. Fifty three (52%) subjects who received levilimab and 3 (5,8%) subjects who received placebo achieved LDA at week 24. The most common adverse events (reported in ≥5% of subjects) in levilimab and placebo arms, respectively were (by decreasing frequency): blood c holesterol increase (24% vs 12%), alanine aminotransferase elevation (11% vs 8%), lymphocyte count decrease (9% vs 8%), blood total bilirubin increase (11% vs 0%), blood triglycerides increase (10% vs 2%), aspartate aminotransferase elevation (7% vs 4%), positive interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) with M.tuberculosis antigen blood test (5% vs 6%), absolute neutrophil count decrease (8% vs 0%). No deaths were occurred. Conclusion . The study confirmed superior efficacy of levilimab + MTX over placebo + MTX in subjects with MTX resistant active RA. Levilimab showed favorable safety profile and low immunogenicity. No new important safety risks were detected.
The article focuses on the description of a new block cipher. Due to the heightened interest in BigData the described cipher is used to encrypt big volumes of data in cloud storage services. The main advantages of the given cipher are the ease of implementation and the possibility of probabilistic encryption. This means that the text encryption will be different when the key is the same and the data is the same. So, the strength of the encryption is improved. Additionally, the ciphered message size can be hardly predicted.
The paper is devoted to the development of interferometric schemes for determining the complex refractive index κ = κ ′+ i · κ ″ κ of surface plasmon-polaritons (SPPs) of the terahertz (THz) spectral range. As the value of κ depends on the dielectric constant ε m of the metal surface guiding the SPPs it can be used for determining ϵ m in the far infrared what other optical methods fail to do due to high reflectivity of metals. We discuss two types of THz SPP interferometers in which the interference pattern is formed as a result of the interaction of SPP beams themselves rather than bulk waves produced by these beams. The first type of interferometers are static devices that enable one to investigate fast processes on the metal surface, while the second type are dynamic ones that make it possible to realize Fourier spectroscopy of the metal surface and its transition layer at THz frequencies. Devices of the both types produce interferograms enabling one to determine the real and the imaginary parts of κ . The results of experiments on the interaction of THz SPPs with flat mirrors and beam – splitting plates, the key elements of the THz SPP interferometers, are presented.
The major human apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site endonuclease, APEX1, is a central player in the base excision DNA repair (BER) pathway and has a role in the regulation of DNA binding by transcription factors. In vertebrates, APEX1 knockouts are embryonic lethal, and only a handful of knockout cell lines are known.

To facilitate studies of multiple functions of this protein in human cells, we have used the CRISPR/Cas9 system to knock out the APEX1 gene in a widely used non-cancer hypotriploid HEK 293FT cell line. Two stable knockout lines were obtained, one carrying two single-base deletion alleles and one single-base insertion allele in exon 3, another homozygous in the single-base insertion allele. Both mutations cause a frameshift that leads to premature translation termination before the start of the protein’s catalytic domain.

Both cell lines totally lacked the APEX1 protein and AP site-cleaving activity, and showed significantly lower levels of the APEX1 transcript. The APEX1-null cells were unable to support BER on uracil- or AP site-containing substrates. Phenotypically, they showed a moderately increased sensitivity to methyl methanesulfonate (MMS; ~2-fold lower EC 50 compared with wild-type cells), and their background level of natural AP sites detected by the aldehyde-reactive probe was elevated ~1.5–2-fold. However, the knockout lines retained a nearly wild-type sensitivity to oxidizing agents hydrogen peroxide and potassium bromate. Interestingly, despite the increased MMS cytotoxicity, we observed no additional increase in AP sites in knockout cells upon MMS treatment, which could indicate their conversion into more toxic products in the absence of repair. Overall, the relatively mild cell phenotype in the absence of APEX1-dependent BER suggests that mammalian cells possess mechanisms of tolerance or alternative repair of AP sites. The knockout derivatives of the extensively characterized HEK 293FT cell line may provide a valuable tool for studies of APEX1 in DNA repair and beyond.
An experimental study of effect a pair of weak shock waves on the supersonic boundary layer of a flat plate with a blunt leading edge with Mach number M = 2.5 and zero angle of attack was performed. The radius of bluntness of the leading edge was r = 2.5 mm.

The measurements were carried out using a hot wire anemometer. The paper presents a complex flow structure on the surface of the model with a blunt leading edge.

It is found that the supersonic boundary layer on a flat plate with a blunt leading edge is very sensitive and susceptible to the effect of a pair of weak shock waves. High-intensity peaks were found in the regions of the disturbed flow. It is specially noted that the largest level of mass flow pulsations in the boundary layer occurred under the effect of a trailing edge of a weak shock 'N-wave'.
Nowadays, many scientific organizations of Russia own collections of microorganisms on which large volumes of information have been generated. These data represent the descriptions of objects of diverse nature (bacteria, archaea, fungi, protists) and their properties, which have been carefully collected and cataloged by generations of researchers. Not every organization that has such collections has an open access electronic catalog, which not only complicates work with these unique materials, but also even hides the fact of the existence of such collections. This state of affairs requires the development of electronic resources for presenting these materials to the scientific community. To put together the information on microorganism collections, we have developed an internet portal (http://www.biores.cytogen.ru/microbes/) of microbial bioresource collections of FASO organizations in the Russian Federation. The portal was created under the project developing the information system for bioresource collections of FASO institutes. It is a platform where collection organizations can place information about the storage units of their collections, as well as other information on collections, including links to their own catalogs. In this paper, we describe the principles of working with the portal. The portal’s graphical interface allows users, both registered and unregistered, to receive the following information about collections of microorganisms: a list of collections represented in the database, contact details of the organization and information about the curator of the collection, summary statistics for each collection, as well as information on storage units. Registered users – owners of collections – have the opportunity to create and modify records about the storage units of their collections, and to update their description. To automate work with the portal, software access to the database through the REST API has been implemented (http://api.biores.cytogen.ru/ microbes/). At present, the portal is still being filled, but it already contains a description of more than 13,000 items of storage (of which 3500 are in the microorganisms’ part) of 65 bioresource collections in Russia’s FASO organizations. Of these collections, 12 with microorganisms have a total diversity of funds of about 50,000 strains).
Thin layers X-ray diffraction study technique utilizing single-crystal X-ray diffractometer equipped with microfocus X-ray tube is described.

It is shown that the layers of the tetra-fluorinated cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPcF4), deposited by thermal evaporation in vacuum on a polished surface of the substrate (glass, quartz), have a highly oriented polycrystalline structure. All the crystallites have the (00l) plane oriented along the surface of the substrate. CoPcF4 X-ray diffraction pattern indexing was conducted and unit cell parameters were determined.

It is shown that crystal phase of both polycrystalline powder and thin layers of CoPcF4 are isostructural to that of α-CoPc.
Nowadays, it is vitally necessary that conceptually new methods be used in petroleum geology.

The aim of this paper is to outline new trends and approaches in petroleum geology; to substantiate the necessity for rehabilitation cycles in the process of oilfield development, especially at its active stage; to define the perturbation threshold for equilibrium of a fluid-saturated system. In this paper, an empirical estimation is given of the value of critical perturbation of an equilibrium fluid-saturated system during the oilfield development, equal to formation depression of 5-8 MPa.

The author’s conclusion is that at present efforts should be focused on the efficient science-based development of the active oilfields in order to produce the residual (hard-to-extract) oil in a soft, sparing and non-damaging way, as well as on discovering new hydrocarbon accumulations, including secondary ones, throughout the whole stratigraphic section, with all depth horizons and various rock-fluid associations, in regions where a well-developed diversified infrastructure is already available. The use of rehabilitation cycles will make it possible to restore the energy potential of the stratum and filtration properties of the rock. In the long run, it will provide for an increased longevity of the object and higher final oil recovery.
We present a supercomputer numerical model for simulating 3D dynamics of dust-gas gravitating circumstellar disk.

The model combines SPH method for solving gas dynamical equations, particle-in-cell (PIC) method for solving Vlasov equation, and convolution FFT-based grid method for solving Poisson equation. The approach is based on 3D domain decomposition, sorting of particles with regard to grid cell, and transferring necessary amount of particles between subdomains.

The algorithm is aimed to be run on supercomputers with distributed memory and on hybrid supercomputers.
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and cataract are common age-related diseases in humans. Previously we showed that senescence-accelerated OXYS rats develop retinopathy and cataract, which are comparable to human AMD and senile cataract.

Here we focused on the identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs), which affect early-onset cataract and retinopathy in OXYS rats, using F2 hybrids bred by a reciprocal cross (OXYS×WAG and WAG×OXYS). Chromosome 1 showed significant associations between retinopathy and loci in the regions of markers D1Rat30 and D1Rat219 (QTL1) as well as D1Rat219 and D1Rat81 (QTL2); and between early cataract development with the locus in the region of the markers D1Rat219 and D1Rat81 (QTL2). To determine the effects of these QTLs, we generated two congenic strains by transferring chromosome 1 regions from OXYS into WAG background.

Both congenic strains (named WAG/OXYS-1.1 and WAG/OXYS-1.2, respectively) display early cataract and retinopathy development. Thus, we confirmed that genes located in the analyzed regions of chromosome 1 are associated with the development of these diseases in OXYS rats.
The article presents an analysis of performance indicators of companies in the oil and gas industry of Russia in 2013-2018. The aim of the study is to decompose the factors of change in the return on equity (ROE) of Russian oil and gas companies. The authors used the Dupont method to identify the main factors affecting ROE. After decomposing the ROE into factors, the authors evaluated their impact using the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI-1). As a result of the study, it was found that in most companies the greatest impact on the change in ROE has a return on sales, primarily as a result of revenue growth due to favorable oil prices and positive exchange rate differences. Simultaneously, sales profitability has a positive effect on the index of almost all companies in the industry. Asset turnover also had only a positive effect on ROE. However, a comparison of the results for 2017 and 2018 showed a significant difference in performance for many companies. Thus, we can conclude that the effect of a certain factor on the profitability of sales largely depends on the development strategy of the company for the coming year, the economic and political situation.
The article is devoted to the study of the theory of naive linguistics and the principles of its research. The material of the research is the results of psycholinguistic experiment. The results show ordinary representations of native speakers of Mongolian language. The words denoting flora and fauna (bionyms) were used as the stimuli for the experiment. The responses in the experiment have revealed a specific character of word functioning in the language consciousness of Mongolian native speakers. To describe a naive view on a word meaning, the respondents used associations in the form of spontaneous definitions and citations that include the word stimulus as well as comparisons it inspired. The research has made it possible to reconstruct a fragment of the ethnical language world view as a component of the language consciousness of Mongolian native speakers. In the conclusion the author gives a description of these bionyms, compiled on the basis of lexicographic processing of reactions and within the framework of the naive linguistics theory.
A plane circular LaB6 cathode and a hollow anode are used for the arc discharge plasma production in a newly developed linear plasma device with the axially symmetric magnetic field. The cathode is heated by radiation from a graphite foil flat spiral. A separately powered magnetic coil located around the plasma source is used to vary the radial distance between the outermost magnetic field line from the cathode and the inner anode surface. The discharge geometry defines distinct operational modes: partially direct discharge and magnetic insulation. The magnetic field in the source can be varied from 0 to 2.4 kG while preserving the chosen field geometry, with the discharge voltage and current depending on the particular mode. A hydrogen plasma stream with a density of up to 1·1013 cm−3 and a diameter of about 4 cm is produced. The discharge characteristics and the plasma parameters do not change significantly between the two modes and in a relatively broad range of magnetic fields.