Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Objective To determine whether educational attainment is a causal risk factor in the development of coronary heart disease. Design Mendelian randomisation study, using genetic data as proxies for education to minimise confounding. Setting The main analysis used genetic data from two large consortia (CARDIoGRAMplusC4D and SSGAC), comprising 112 studies from predominantly high income countries. Findings from mendelian randomisation analyses were then compared against results from traditional observational studies (164 170 participants). Finally, genetic data from six additional consortia were analysed to investigate whether longer education can causally alter the common cardiovascular risk factors. Participants The main analysis was of 543 733 men and women (from CARDIoGRAMplusC4D and SSGAC), predominantly of European origin. Exposure A one standard deviation increase in the genetic predisposition towards higher education (3.6 years of additional schooling), measured by 162 genetic variants that have been previously associated with education. Main outcome measure Combined fatal and non-fatal coronary heart disease (63 746 events in CARDIoGRAMplusC4D). Results Genetic predisposition towards 3.6 years of additional education was associated with a one third lower risk of coronary heart disease (odds ratio 0.67, 95% confidence interval 0.59 to 0.77; P=3×10−8). This was comparable to findings from traditional observational studies (prevalence odds ratio 0.73, 0.68 to 0.78; incidence odds ratio 0.80, 0.76 to 0.83). Sensitivity analyses were consistent with a causal interpretation in which major bias from genetic pleiotropy was unlikely, although this remains an untestable possibility. Genetic predisposition towards longer education was additionally associated with less smoking, lower body mass index, and a favourable blood lipid profile. Conclusions This mendelian randomisation study found support for the hypothesis that low education is a causal risk factor in the development of coronary heart disease. Potential mechanisms could include smoking, body mass index, and blood lipids. In conjunction with the results from studies with other designs, these findings suggest that increasing education may result in substantial health benefits.
The aim of the study was to evaluate cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in the follicular fluid (FF) of women undergoing IVF treatment and to analyze the relationship between cfDNA levels and the parameters of folliculogenesis and oogenesis as well as the quality of embryos. Materials and methods. The study included 53 women aged 20 to 45 years. In 49 patients, oocytes were obtained by stimulating ovulation with gonadotropins, and 4 patients underwent natural cycle IVF without hormonal stimulation. Measurement of cfDNA was carried out by fluorimetry using QuantiFluor™ Handheld Fluorometers (BioSilica, Russian Federation). Results. The FF of women with ovulation stimulation revealed a higher level of cfDNA as opposed to FF of women in the natural cycle. There were no differences in the cfDNA levels in women with infertility and oocyte donors. Women with infertility lasting for more than 5 years had a higher level of cfDNA. Women with the elevated anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels were characterized by the high FF cfDNA concentration and a large number of follicles. Likewise, correlation analysis showed that FF cfDNA was significantly and positively correlated with the AMH level. The obtained data revealed the participation of cfDNA in different stages of oogenesis. Conclusions. The level of FF cfDNA in women may serve as an additional biomarker of the effectiveness of ovulation induction.
The variants of two- and three-dimensional lattice Boltzmann methods (LBM) are described for computer simulations of fluids with liquid-vapor phase transitions and heat transfer.

Several improvements of LBM are described (correct implementation of the body force term, "pseudoforces" for the method of "passive scalar" for internal energy and implementation of a latent heat of evaporation).

The formation of rivulets in a flow along an inclined flat surface, the fall of a droplet onto a rigid nonwettable plane and the process of spinodal decomposition of initially uniform fluid are modelled.
The decays ${D}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}d\overline{u}{e}^{+}\ensuremath{\nu}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{a}_{0}^{\ensuremath{-}}(980){e}^{+}\ensuremath{\nu}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\eta}{e}^{+}\ensuremath{\nu}$ and ${D}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}d\overline{d}{e}^{+}\ensuremath{\nu}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{a}_{0}^{0}(980){e}^{+}\ensuremath{\nu}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}\ensuremath{\eta}{e}^{+}\ensuremath{\nu}$ (and the charge conjugated ones) are the direct probe of the constituent two-quark components in the ${a}_{0}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}(980)$ and ${a}_{0}^{0}(980)$ wave functions. The recent BESIII experiment is the first step in the experimental study of these decays. We suggest adequate formulas for the data analysis and present a variant of $\ensuremath{\eta}\ensuremath{\pi}$ invariant mass distribution when ${a}_{0}(980)$ has no constituent two-quark component at all.
This monograph details recent achievements in turbulence theory, experiments and computations relevant to heat and mass transfer. Containing over 90 papers presented at the International Syposium on Turbulence, Heat and Mass Transfer, held in Lisbon, Portugal in 1994, this book covers topics from turbulence structure to computation of complex flows. It will serve as an invaluable reference for anyone conducting research in this important field. 580 pages, © 1995
The influence of genetic background on sensitivity to drugs represents a topical problem of personalized medicine. Here, we investigated the effect of chronic (20 mg/kg, 14 days, i.p.) antidepressant fluoxetine treatment on recombinant B6-M76C mice, differed from control B6-M76B mice by CBA-derived 102.73–110.56 Mbp fragment of chromosome 13 and characterized by altered sensitivity of 5-HT1A receptors to chronic 8-OH-DPAT administration and higher 5-HT1A receptor mRNA levels in the frontal cortex and hippocampus.

Significant changes in the effects of fluoxetine treatment on behavior and brain 5-HT system in recombinant B6-M76C mice were revealed. In contrast to B6-M76B mice, in B6-M76C mice, fluoxetine produced pro-depressive effects, assessed in a forced swim test. Fluoxetine decreased 5-HT1A receptor mRNA levels in the cortex and hippocampus, reduced 5-HT1A receptor protein levels and increased receptor silencer Freud-1 protein levels in the hippocampus of B6-M76C mice. Fluoxetine increased mRNA levels of the gene encoding key enzyme for 5-HT synthesis in the brain, tryptophan hydroxylase-2, but decreased tryptophan hydroxylase-2 protein levels in the midbrain of B6-M76B mice. These changes were accompanied by increased expression of the 5-HT transporter gene. Fluoxetine reduced 5-HT and 5-HIAA levels in cortex, hippocampus and midbrain of B6-M76B and in cortex and midbrain of B6-M76C; mice.

These data demonstrate that changes in genetic background may have a dramatic effect on sensitivity to classic antidepressants from the Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors family. Additionally, the results provide new evidence confirming our idea on the disrupted functioning of 5-HT1A autoreceptors in the brains of B6-M76C mice, suggesting these mice as a model of antidepressant resistance.
We discuss an approach to constructing a mathematical model of formation and dynamics of the vapor phase on the heat-releasing surface under conditions of unsteady heat flux. We focus on nucleate boiling, since its predictive model is at present most difficult to design.

The nucleate boiling stage is described in the form of a homogeneous model that accounts for the heat fluxes associated with the vapor phase presence.

The stage of film boiling takes into account the dynamics of a pulsating vapor layer and its heat exchange with subcooled liquid and the heat-releasing surface.
For the last years reliable mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) has become feasible through linkage analysis based on the variance-components method. There are now many approaches to the QTL analysis of various types of crosses within one population (breed) as well as crosses between divergent populations (breeds). However, to analyse a complex pedigree with dominance and inbreeding, when the pedigree's founders have an inter-population (hybrid) origin, it is necessary to develop a high-powered method taking into account these features of the pedigree. We offer a universal approach to QTL analysis of complex pedigrees descended from crosses between outbred parental lines with different QTL allele frequencies. This approach improves the established variance-components method due to the consideration of the genetic effect conditioned by inter-population origin and inbreeding of individuals. To estimate model parameters, namely additive and dominant effects, and the allelic frequencies of the QTL analysed, and also to define the QTL positions on a chromosome with respect to genotyped markers, we used the maximum-likelihood method. To detect linkage between the QTL and the markers we propose statistics with a non-central χ2-distribution that provides the possibility to deduce analytical expressions for the power of the method and therefore, to estimate the pedigree's size required for 80% power. The method works for arbitrarily structured pedigrees with dominance and inbreeding. Our method uses the phenotypic values and the marker information for each individual of the pedigree under observation as initial data and can be valuable for fine mapping purposes. The power of the method is increased if the QTL effects conditioned by inter-population origin and inbreeding are enhanced. Several improvements can be developed to take into account fixed factors affecting trait formation, such as age and sex.
We report a universal straightforward strategy for the chemical synthesis of modified oligoribonucleotides containing functional groups of different structures at the 2′ position of ribose. The on-column synthetic concept is based on the incorporation of two types of commercial nucleotide phosphoramidites containing orthogonal 2′-O-protecting groups, namely 2′-O-thiomorpholine-carbothioate (TC, as “permanent”) and 2′-O-tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl (tBDMS, as “temporary”), to RNA during solid-phase synthesis. Subsequently, the support-bound RNA undergoes selective deprotection and follows postsynthetic 2′ functionalization of the naked hydroxyl group. This convenient method to tailor RNA, utilizing the advantages of solid phase approaches, gives an opportunity to introduce site-specifically a wide range of linkers and functional groups. By this strategy, a series of RNAs containing diverse 2′ functionalities were synthesized and studied with respect to their physicochemical properties.
Using high-speed video recording and the method of dual laser scanning the gas-liquid flow was investigated in rectangular microchannels with an aspect ratio of 2.35 and 1.26.

Experiments were earned out for the vertical flow of ethanol-nitrogen mixture in a microchannel with a cross section of 553×235 µm and for the horizontal flow of water-nitrogen mixture in a microchannel with a cross section of 315×250 µm. The T-mixer was used at the channel's inlet for gas-liquid flow formation. Using laser scanning, the maps of flow regimes for ethanol-nitrogen and water–nitrogen mixtures were obtained and discussed.

It was observed that elongated bubble, transition, and annular flows are the main regimes for a microchannel with a hydraulic diameter substantially less than the capillary constant.
We report new paleomagnetic and geochronological data for rocks of the Franz Josef Land archipelago and generalize available information about the paleomagnetism of the Barents Sea continental margin as applied to the issues of the Mesozoic Arctic tectonics.

Specifically, the obtained age estimates are indicative of a brief episode of mantle plume magmatism at the Barremian–Aptian boundary (Early Cretaceous). The paleomagnetic data shows that intraplate magmatism formations in the High Arctic, including the Franz Josef Land traps, are nothing else than a trace of the Iceland plume on the migrating tectonic plates of the region.

Thus, the Iceland plume was geographically stationary for at least the last 125 Myr. Our paleotectonic reconstructions suggest a direct connection of the intraplate strike-slip systems of the Eurasian continent with the configuration and subsequent evolution mode of Mesozoic marginal basins and spreading axes during the initial opening stage of the Arctic Ocean.
The first ten school-conferences, held from 2009 to 2018, showed the relevance and scientific significance of the chosen subject. Over the past years, researchers, graduate students and undergraduates from Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, as well as from China, USA, Germany, France, Italy, Japan, UK, Brazil, Malaysia took part in the school-conferences. For ten years, representatives of 78 universities, 134 research institutes and more than twenty companies (Total, Baker-Hughes, Schlumberger, Rosneft and others) participated actively at school-conferences. First publications on the inverse and ill-posed problems appeared in the first half of the 20th century. These were investigations of physicists (inverse problems of quantum scattering theory, electrodynamics, and acoustics), geophysicists (inverse problems of electrical survey, seismics, and potential theory), astronomy, and other fields of natural science.

The scientific program of the school-conference usually consists of theory of inverse and ill-posed problems and regularization methods; numerical methods for solving inverse problems of acoustics, electrodynamics, geophysics, tomography, medicine, biology, finance and social processes. Several new sections are planned to be included to the program: high performance and parallel computing in intellectual big data analysis, machine learning and artificial intelligence, visualization, natureinspired algorithms. The use of modern achievements of fundamental mathematics (algebra, geometry, functional analysis, mathematical physics, computational mathematics), interdisciplinarity and diversity of applications is a characteristic feature of the theory and numerical methods for solving inverse problems.

The importance of the conference topics is due to the active development of the theory and numerical methods for solving inverse and ill-posed problems and their applications. According to data for 2018, more than 10,000 articles of this area have been added to Scopus over the past three years.
DNA glycosylases are enzymes that initiate the base excision repair pathway, a major biochemical process that protects the genomes of all living organisms from intrinsically and environmentally inflicted damage. Recently, base excision repair inhibition proved to be a viable strategy for the therapy of tumors that have lost alternative repair pathways, such as BRCA-deficient cancers sensitive to poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase inhibition. However, drugs targeting DNA glycosylases are still in development and so far have not advanced to clinical trials. In this review, we cover the attempts to validate DNA glycosylases as suitable targets for inhibition in the pharmacological treatment of cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, chronic inflammation, bacterial and viral infections. We discuss the glycosylase inhibitors described so far and survey the advances in the assays for DNA glycosylase reactions that may be used to screen pharmacological libraries for new active compounds.
We present a measurement of the time-dependent charge-parity (CP) violation parameters in B0 -> pi+ pi- decays. The results are obtained from the final data sample containing 772 million BBbar pairs collected at the Upsilon(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e+e- collider. We obtain the CP violation parameters Acp = +0.33 +/- 0.06 (stat) +/- 0.03 (syst) and Scp = -0.64 +/- 0.08 (stat) +/- 0.03 (syst), where Acp and Scp represent the direct and mixing-induced CP asymmetry, respectively. Using an isospin analysis including results from other Belle measurements, we find 23.8 < phi2 < 66.8 degrees is disfavored at the 1 sigma level, where phi2 is one of the three interior angles of the CKM unitarity triangle related to B_{u,d} decays.
Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs) are one of the key parts of the TAIGA observatory, which is designed to study gamma rays and charged cosmic rays in the energy range of 10^13 eV – 10^18 eV.

The current prototype phase comprises three IACTs. The first IACT was fabricated at JINR, Dubna, and started its first commissioning season in the Tunka valley in 2017. The second one has been assembled there in fall 2018, the third structure one is ready for installation in autumn 2019. We also describe R&D activities started to fabricate focusing glass mirrors at JINR.

This report presents the main TAIGA IACT characteristics and results from pointing performance studies in the last 2 seasons. and give results for the first prototypes measurements.
This work is devoted to development of a modular flight controller architecture for a quadcopter.

The hardware part of the controller is a single-Board raspberry Pi computer, for developing the software part Robot Operating System (ROS) framework was used.

The paper describes the developed architecture, control algorithms, results of flight experiments in the Gazebo physical simulator.
An experimental study was carried out to investigate heat transfer during the coalition of two drops of the same volume.

The falling of a water drop to other drop sitting on a heated horizontal foil made of constantan with a thickness of 25 μm from a distance of 10 mm was recorded with a high-speed video camera. An infrared scanner was used to measure the temperature field on the surface of the foil.

Measurements taken with the infrared scanner will be used to determine the heat flux density in the region of the dynamic contact wetting line at the coalition of drops.
Using infrared (IR) spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, interaction of CO with the strongest known pure Brønsted carborane superacids, H(CHB11Hal11) (Hal = F, Cl), was studied. CO readily interacted at room temperature with H(CHB11F11) acid, forming a mixture of bulk salts of formyl and isoformyl cations, which were in equilibrium An(-)H(+)CO COH(+)An(-). The bonding of CO to the surface Brønsted centers of the weaker acid, H(CHB11Cl11), resulted in breaking of the bridged H-bonds of the acid polymers without proton transfer (PT) to CO. The binding occurred via the C atom (blue shift ΔνCO up to +155-167 cm(-1), without PT) or via O atom (red shift ΔνCO up to -110 cm(-1), without PT) always simultaneously, regardless of whether H(+) is transferred to CO. IR spectra of all species were interpreted by B3LYP/cc-pVQZ calculations of the simple models, which adequately mimic the ability of carborane acids to form LH(+)CO, LH(+)CO, COH(+)L, and COH(+)L compounds (L = bases). The CO bond in all compounds was triple. Acidic strength of the Brønsted centers of commonly used acid catalysts, even so-called superacidic catalysts, is not sufficient for the formation of the compounds studied.
In 2020, Orthetrum brunneum (Fonscolombe, 1837) and Sympetrum depressiusculum (Selys, 1841) were first recorded for Novosibirskaya Oblast as photographic observations in the iNaturalist internet platform.

Their populations and habitats were examined in situ.

The habitat of O. brunneum at the Eltsovka Vtoraya River in Zaeltsovksiy Park in Novosibirsk lacked other lotic Odonata as a result of pollution. Supposedly the river inside the city limits is warm enough during winter to make possible its colonisation by O. brunneum far to the north of its main range. The record of S. depressiusculum (Selys, 1841) at the Obskoe Water Reservoir is the northernmost in Siberia. A list of 57 Odonata species currently known from Novosibirskaya Oblast is also provided.
The relationship between compartmentalization of the genome and epigenetics is long and hoary. In 1928, Heitz defined heterochromatin as the largest differentiated chromatin compartment in eukaryotic nuclei. Müller's discovery of position-effect variegation in 1930 went on to show that heterochromatin is a cytologically visible state of heritable (epigenetic) gene repression. Current insights into compartmentalization have come from a high-throughput top-down approach where contact frequency (Hi-C) maps revealed the presence of compartmental domains that segregate the genome into heterochromatin and euchromatin. It has been argued that the compartmentalization seen in Hi-C maps is owing to the physiochemical process of phase separation. Oddly, the insights provided by these experimental and conceptual advances have remained largely silent on how Hi-C maps and phase separation relate to epigenetics.

Addressing this issue directly in mammals, we have made use of a bottom-up approach starting with the hallmarks of constitutive heterochromatin, heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) and its binding partner the H3K9me2/3 determinant of the histone code. They are key epigenetic regulators in eukaryotes. Both hallmarks are also found outside mammalian constitutive heterochromatin as constituents of larger (0.1–5 Mb) heterochromatin -like domains and smaller (less than 100 kb) complexes. The well-documented ability of HP1 proteins to function as bridges between H3K9me2/3-marked nucleosomes contributes to polymer–polymer phase separation that packages epigenetically heritable chromatin states during interphase. Contacts mediated by HP1 ‘bridging’ are likely to have been detected in Hi-C maps, as evidenced by the B4 heterochromatic subcompartment that emerges from contacts between large KRAB-ZNF heterochromatin -like domains. Further, mutational analyses have revealed a finer, innate, compartmentalization in Hi-C experiments that probably reflect contacts involving smaller domains/complexes.

Proteins that bridge (modified) DNA and histones in nucleosomal fibres—where the HP1–H3K9me2/3 interaction represents the most evolutionarily conserved paradigm—could drive and generate the fundamental compartmentalization of the interphase nucleus. This has implications for the mechanism(s) that maintains cellular identity, be it a terminally differentiated fibroblast or a pluripotent embryonic stem cell.
For a positive integer k, a group G is said to be totally k-closed if in each of its faithful permutation representations, say on a set Ω, G is the largest subgroup of Sym(Ω) which leaves invariant each of the Gorbits in the induced action on Ω × • • • × Ω = Ω k.

We prove that every abelian group G is totally (n(G) + 1)-closed, but is not totally n(G)-closed, where n(G) is the number of invariant factors in the invariant factor decomposition of G.

In particular, we prove that for each k ≥ 2 and each prime p, there are infinitely many finite abelian p-groups which are totally k-closed but not totally (k -1)-closed. This result in the special case k = 2 is due to Abdollahi and Arezoomand. We pose several open questions about total k-closure.