Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Phospho- and sphingolipids are crucial cellular and intracellular compounds. These lipids are required for active transport, a number of enzymatic processes, membrane formation, and cell signalling. Disruption of their metabolism leads to several diseases, with diverse neurological, psychiatric, and metabolic consequences. A large number of phospholipid and sphingolipid species can be detected and measured in human plasma. We conducted a meta-analysis of five European family-based genome-wide association studies (N = 4034) on plasma levels of 24 sphingomyelins (SPM), 9 ceramides (CER), 57 phosphatidylcholines (PC), 20 lysophosphatidylcholines (LPC), 27 phosphatidylethanolamines (PE), and 16 PE-based plasmalogens (PLPE), as well as their proportions in each major class. This effort yielded 25 genome-wide significant loci for phospholipids (smallest P-value = 9.88×10−204) and 10 loci for sphingolipids (smallest P-value = 3.10×10−57). After a correction for multiple comparisons (P-value<2.2×10−9), we observed four novel loci significantly associated with phospholipids (PAQR9, AGPAT1, PKD2L1, PDXDC1) and two with sphingolipids (PLD2 and APOE) explaining up to 3.1% of the variance. Further analysis of the top findings with respect to within class molar proportions uncovered three additional loci for phospholipids (PNLIPRP2, PCDH20, and ABDH3) suggesting their involvement in either fatty acid elongation/saturation processes or fatty acid specific turnover mechanisms. Among those, 14 loci (KCNH7, AGPAT1, PNLIPRP2, SYT9, FADS1-2-3, DLG2, APOA1, ELOVL2, CDK17, LIPC, PDXDC1, PLD2, LASS4, and APOE) mapped into the glycerophospholipid and 12 loci (ILKAP, ITGA9, AGPAT1, FADS1-2-3, APOA1, PCDH20, LIPC, PDXDC1, SGPP1, APOE, LASS4, and PLD2) to the sphingolipid pathways. In large meta-analyses, associations between FADS1-2-3 and carotid intima media thickness, AGPAT1 and type 2 diabetes, and APOA1 and coronary artery disease were observed. In conclusion, our study identified nine novel phospho- and sphingolipid loci, substantially increasing our knowledge of the genetic basis for these traits.
Nach Bestrahlung mit Licht können Kristalle aus bestimmten Materialien plötzlich hüpfen, um die Spannung freizusetzen, die sich in ihrem Inneren als Folge einer photochemischen Reaktion aufbaut. Dabei legen sie Strecken zurück, die 102- bis 105-mal länger als sie selbst sind. Dieser Effekt ist ein Beispiel für die schnelle Umwandlung von Licht in mechanische Bewegung auf makroskopischer Ebene.

In der Zuschrift auf S. 10174 ff. analysieren P. Naumov, E. V. Boldyreva et al. die kinematischen Bewegungsmuster.

Bild: Bailey Curzadd.
hybrid structure consisting of a thin magnetic Fe layer deposited on a p-GaAs substrate, in which InGaAs quantum wells are embedded

monitored the cathodoluminescence (CL) emitted upon injection of free electrons, electrons transmitted through the unbiased metal/semiconductor junction recombine radiatively in the quantum wells, electron spin-filtering across the Fe/GaAs structure

CL intensity is found to depend on the relative orientation between the injected electronic spin polarization and the Fe layer magnetization, spin asymmetry of the CL intensity provides a compact optical method for measuring spin polarization of free electrons beams or of hot electrons in solid-state devices
The study of the chromosome behavior in meiosis of hybrid lines obtained on the base of crossing of common wheat with tetraploid wheat species

showed that introgression of alien genetic material into common wheat genome had no negative effect on its meiotic stability. The Number of defective cells was small, not only at the metaphase I stage, but also on the final stage of tetrads. Variation relative to the level of cytological stability between the studied lines is the consequence of differences in the number and localization of the introgression fragments of the genomes of tetraploid wheat in the hybrid genome

The influence of the cytoplasm on the formation of the karyotype of introgression lines of wheat was found
Reaction between [Fe2(μ-S2)(CO)6] and [Ca(thf)4(dpp-BIAN)] [dpp-BIAN = 1,2-bis-(2,6-diisopropyl-phenyl-imino)-acenaphthene and thf = tetra-hydro-furan] proceeds as a redox process via a two-electron reduction of [Fe2(μ-S2)(CO)6] and a two-electron oxidation of (dpp-BIAN)(2-)

resulting in the formation of the title heterometallic trinuclear cluster, [CaFe2(μ3-S)2(C4H8O)4(CO)6], and neutral dpp-BIAN. In the cluster, the Ca(II) atom is connected to two S atoms of an Fe2S2 core [Ca-S = 2.7463 (8) and 2.7523 (8) Å]. No Fe-Ca bonds are formed [Fe⋯Ca = 3.6708 (6) and 3.5802 (6) Å]

There are five close C-H⋯O-C contacts in the crystal structure
The publication presents a brief review of the new book by A. A. Maslov.

Through the investigation of the struggle against COVID-19 in China, the author provides a comprehensive picture of the social-economic situation in the country, analyzes the reasons for the victory over the pandemic by Chinese society and its political structures, as well as modern alternatives for globalization. The book specially introduces the situation in Hong Kong as it represents the deepest social-political challenge in the history of the PRC.

Highly commended by the reviewers, the new monograph by Professor Maslov will be of great interest not only for specialists, but for a broad range of readers too.
The life cycle of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) makes possible the realization of regulatory strategies that can lead to complex dynamical behavior of the system. We analyze the strategy which is based on two feedback mechanisms, one mediating a positive regulation of the virus replication by Tat protein via the antitermination of the genomic RNAs transcription on TAR (transactivation responsive) element of the proviral DNA and the second mechanism providing a negative regulation of the splicing of the full-length (9 kb) RNAs and incompletely spliced (4 kb) RNAs via their transport from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Although the existence of these two regulatory feedback loops has been considered in other mathematical models, none of them examined the conditions for the emergence of complex oscillatory patterns in the intracellular dynamics of viral components.We developed a mechanistic mathematical model for the Tat-Rev mediated regulation of HIV-1 replication, which considers the activation of proviral DNA transcription, the Tat-specific antitermination of transcription on TAR-element, resulting in the synthesis of the full-length 9 kb RNA, the splicing of the 9 kb RNA down to the 4 kb RNA and the 4 kb RNA to 2 kb RNA, the transport of 2 kb mRNAs from the nucleus to the cytoplasm by the intracellular mechanisms, the multiple binding of the Rev protein to RRE (Rev Response Element) sites on 9 kb and 4 kb RNA resulting in their export to the cytoplasm and the synthesis of Tat and Rev proteins in the cytoplasm followed by their transport into the nucleus. The degradation of all viral proteins and RNAs both in the cytoplasm and the nucleus is described. The model parameters values were derived from the published literature data. The model was used to examine the dynamics of the synthesis of the viral proteins Tat and Rev, the mRNAs under the intracellular conditions specific for activated HIV-1 infected macrophages. In addition, we analyzed alternative hypotheses for the re-cycling of the Rev proteins both in the cytoplasm and the nuclear pore complex.The quantitative mathematical model of the Tat-Rev regulation of HIV-1 replication predicts the existence of oscillatory dynamics which depends on the efficacy of the Tat and TAR interaction as well as on the Rev-mediated transport processes. The biological relevance of the oscillatory regimes for the HIV-1 life cycle is discussed.
Liquid phase pentanoic acid hydrogenation in nonpolar hydrocarbon solutions (180 °C, 25 bar) was studied over rhenium on titanium oxide catalysts modified also with group VIII metals -platinum, palladium, ruthenium and rhodium.It was shown that during hydrogenation pentanoic acid was converted into pentanol followed by esterification with unreacted pentanoic acid into its pentyl ester, resulting in an equilibrium mixture of pentanoic acid -pentanol -pentyl pentanoate.Conversion of pentanoic acid increased in the row PdRe/TiO 2
Evaporating water drops on a horizontal heated substrate were investigated experimentally. The heater was made of a constantan foil with the thickness of 25 μ m and size of 42 × 35 mm 2 . The temperature of the bottom foil surface was measured by the infrared (IR) camera. To determine the heat flux density during evaporation of liquid near the contact line, the Cauchy problem for the heat equation was solved using the temperature data.

The maximum heat flux density is obtained in the contact line region and exceeds the average heat flux density from the entire foil surface by the factor of 5–7. The average heat flux density in the region wetted by the drop exceeds the average heat flux density from the entire foil surface by the factor of 3–5. This fact is explained by the heat influx from the foil periphery to the drop due to the relatively high heat conductivity coefficient of the foil material and high evaporation rate in the contact line region. Heat flux density profiles for pairs of sessile droplets are also investigated.
Multimode optical fibers (MMF) recently attracted a renewed attention, because of their potential for spatial division multiplexing, medical imaging and high-power fiber lasers, thanks to the discovery of new nonlinear optical effects, such as Kerr beam self-cleaning, spatiotemporal mode-locking, and geometric parametric instability, to name a few. The main feature of these effects is that many transverse modes are involved in nonlinear interactions. To advance our understanding, it is necessary to analyse the modal content of beams at the output of MMFs. In this work, based on a computer digital holography method using a phase-only spatial light modulator (SLM) as a correlation filter, we experimentally demonstrate a method of mode decomposition involving a large (≃80) number of fiber modes. To obtain this, we carried out a SLM calibration, and numerically investigated the most critical parameters which affect the fidelity of the decomposition, by comparing experimental and reconstructed beam patterns in both the linear (speckled structures) and in the nonlinear (self-cleaned beams) propagation regime.
The work is devoted to the study of stabilization of a diffusion torch by an electric field with a time-varying field line configuration. The stability of combustion was studied using this method of stabilization of the flame, namely the position of the ignition points in the presence and absence of an electric field. The experiments proved that the stabilizing effect of an electric field with a time-varying field line configuration is observed when the torch is stabilized near and above the plane of the electrodes. When the direction of electric forces coincides with the direction of the fuel jet, the effect of the field will strengthen the fluctuation of flame.
The first all-Russia conference with international participation, “Basic Research in Endocrinology: A Modern Strategy for the Development and Technologies of Personalized Medicine”, was held in Novosibirsk on 26–27 November 2020.
New data on the litho- and biostratigraphy of the Jurassic/Cretaceous (J/K) boundary interval of the lower reaches of the Lena river, at the Cape Chekurovka and Cape Chucha, are presented.

Volgian-Valanginian interval of the Chekurovka section is represented by Buolkalakh and Kigilyakh formations and corresponds to beds with Buchia fisheriana, beds with B. unschensis, beds with B. okensis and B. volgensis, beds with B. volgensis, beds with B. volgensis and B. tolmatschowi and beds with B. keyserlingi. Volgian-Valanginian interval of the Chucha section is represented by Chonoko, Khairgass and Kigilyakh formations and corresponds to beds with B. unschensis, beds with B. volgensis and B. okensis, beds with B. volgensis and B. tolmatschowi and beds with B. keyserlingi.
Despite the potential of the millimeter- and submillimeter-wave region for fundamental science and industrial applications, its technology is well behind microwaves and optics in terms of performance and cost. We propose to improve a millimeter-wave technology by engineering cost effective solutions from neighboring spectral regions. Specifically, a pyroelectric infrared sensor is transformed into a polarization-selective millimeter-wave detector of 140 GHz radiation by integrating to it a metasurface absorber, which is 136 times as thin as the operating wavelength λ and has the overall dimensions near λ. It is demonstrated that, due to the small thickness and hence the thermal capacity of the absorber, the novel detector keeps high values of the response speed and sensitivity to polarized mm-wave radiation changed insignificantly against the regime of IR detection.
The storage of wastes from mining and mineral processing plants in the tailing dumps in regions with cold climates has a number of environmental consequences. Interactions of water with tailings in cold climates often lead to the thawing of permafrost soils, formation of technogenic thawing zones, and leakage of drainage waters. In the case of fault zones development in these areas, technogenic solutions are often filtered outside the tailing dump, promoting further development of filtration channels.

In this study, for the tailing dump of a diamond mining factory, we calculated two exothermic effects: (1) due to physical heating of dump rock by filtering industrial water with temperatures from 2 to 15 °C through the rock; and (2) due to the chemical interaction of industrial water with the dam base rock. The amount of energy transferred by the water to the frozen and thawed rock over 10 years was calculated using thermophysical modeling and was 207.8 GJ and 8.39 GJ respectively. The amount of energy that the rock received during the ten-year period due to dissolution of the limestones and equilibration of solutions was calculated using thermodynamic modeling and was 0.37 GJ.

which is 4.4% of the average amount of energy, expended on heating the thawed rock (8.39 GJ).
Opecoelidae Ozaki, 1925 (Trematoda: Opecoeloidea) — ведущее по числу видов и родов семейство трематод в Чёрном море. Мариты наиболее распространённых видов черноморских опецелидных трематод подробно описаны морфологически, однако сведения о структуре их геномов отрывочны, а данные о митохондриальных геномах отсутствуют полностью. Цель исследования — получить первые сведения о строении участков митохондриального генома представителей наиболее распространённых в Чёрном море в современный период родов трематод семейства Opecoelidae для последующего уточнения их таксономического статуса. Филогенетические отношения внутри анализируемой части этого семейства реконструированы на основе данных, полученных нами, и соответствующих данных из GenBank с помощью алгоритма Maximum Likelihood и модели нуклеотидных замен HKY. Для укоренения филогенетического дерева использованы соответствующие последовательности Brachycladium goliath (Brachycladioidea: Brachycladiidae). Поскольку последовательности CO1 — стандартного и наиболее популярного митохондриального маркера — для исследуемых родов опецелид до сих пор не были известны, нами на основе известных соответствующих последовательностей Xiphidiata разработаны праймеры для амплификации фрагмента CO1, чтобы впервые провести соответствующий филогенетический анализ. Впервые определены и депонированы в GenBank нуклеотидные последовательности фрагментов митохондриальных генов CO1 и 16S черноморских трематод Cainocreadium flesi Korniychuk & Gaevskaya, 2000, Gaevskajatrema perezi (Mathias, 1926) Gibson & Bray, 1982 и Helicometra fasciata (Rudolphi, 1819) Odhner, 1902 от разных видов дефинитивных хозяев — рыб. У C. flesi не выявлено специфичных к окончательным хозяевам — рыбам линий по структуре фрагмента митохондриального гена CO1, однако отмечено высокое CO1-нуклеотидное разнообразие. У марит черноморских H. fasciata определена приуроченная к зеленушкам-руленам Symphodus tinca CO1-гаплогруппа, статус которой требует дальнейшего выяснения; необходимы экологические и генетические исследования предполагаемого видового комплекса H. fasciata из разных акваторий. При анализе последовательностей фрагмента митохондриального гена 16S рРНК гостальных генетических линий у H. fasciata выделить не удалось. У черноморских G. perezi не обнаружено значительных различий по фрагменту 16S между трематодами из окончательных хозяев разных видов, однако внутривидовое 16S-нуклеотидное разнообразие оказалось высоким.
Cloning VH and VL genes from individual antigen-specific B cells is an attractive approach for producing monoclonal antibodies of the desired specificity. Current RT-PCR protocols, however, result in the successful identification of VH and VL gene pairs in about half of the sorted cells.

Here, we demonstrate that single-cell RT-PCR is likely affected by stochastic factors, and that running PCRs in triplicate

results in successful amplification of the expressed VH and VL genes in 90-100% of single sorted human B cells.
There is a hypothesis of the involvement of the glutamatergic system in the development of autism. It has been shown that the chronic experience in daily intermale confrontations leads to disturbances in social behavior: a decrease in communicativeness, disturbances of socialization, emergence of stereotypical behaviors that can be considered as symptoms of the autistic spectrum disorders. So, the aim of this study was to investigate changes in the expression of glutamatergic (GG) and autism-related (GA) genes in the hippocampus of animals with impaired social behavior caused by repeated experience of social defeat or aggression in daily agonistic confrontations. To form groups of animals with contrasting behaviors, a model of sensory contact (chronic social stress) was used. The collected brain samples were sequenced at JSC Genoanalytica (http://genoanalytica.ru/, Moscow, Russia). Transcriptomic analysis revealed a down-regulation of autism-related ( Shank3, Auts2, Ctnnd2, Nrxn2 ) and glutamatergic ( Grm4 ) genes in aggressive mice. At the same time, the expression of GA-related genes ( Shank2, Nlgn2, Ptcdh10, Reln, Arx ) and GG genes ( Grik3, Grm2, Grm4, Slc17a7, Slc1a4, Slc25a22 ) excluding Grin2a was increased in defeated mice. Correlative analysis revealed a statistically significant association between GG and GA expression. These results can serve as a confirmation of the participation of the glutamatergic system in the pathophysiology of the autistic spectrum disorder.
¿ ∆»ƒ OE-"», Õ≈…"-¿À‹Õ¤' » »OEÕ»«OE¬¿ÕÕ¤' √¿«OE¬ * Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Российского научного фонда (грант № 16-19-10330).
АннотацияВождь племени киданей и представитель правящего рода Елюй Апоки стал основателем могущественной средневековой восточноазиатской кочевой империи Ляо (907-1125).Киданьское государство стало первой полноценной кочевой империей, а Апоки стал первым кочевым императором.Необходимость в таком лидере была продиктована теми процессами, что шли в киданьском обществе: кризис общественных отношений, усложнение межплеменных отношений, необходимость экономического синтеза, втягивание в макроэкономические отношения, активизация процесса этнического синтеза и появление предпосылок для складывания народности, выделение особой цивилизационной зоны (будущая «Монголия»).Фигура Апоки выделяется в истории киданьской элиты именно тем, что он «навел порядок», «открыл», «указал путь», «начал», «дал истину», то есть не просто вывел из тупика, а показал долгий и многообещающий путь в будущее.Империя сначала была экстраординарным проектом, но потом стала жить своей жизнью.Ключевые слова: кидани, империя Ляо, Елюй Апоки
Because alkoxyamines are employed in a number of important applications, such as nitroxide-mediated polymerization, radical chemistry, redox chemistry, and catalysis, research into their reactivity is especially important. Typically, the rate of alkoxyamine homolysis is strongly dependent on temperature. Nonetheless, thermal regulation of such reactions is not always optimal.

This review describes various ways to reversibly change the rate of C–ON bond homolysis of alkoxyamines at constant temperature. The major methods influencing C–ON bond homolysis without alteration of temperature are protonation of functional groups in an alkoxyamine, formation of metal–alkoxyamine complexes, and chemical transformation of alkoxyamines.

Depending on the structure of an alkoxyamine, these approaches can have a significant effect on the homolysis rate constant, by a factor of up to 30, and can shorten the half-lifetime from days to seconds. These methods open new prospects for the application of alkoxyamines in biology and increase the safety of (and control over) the nitroxide-mediated polymerization method.
We perform the systematic numerical study of high vorticity structures that develop in the 3D incompressible Euler equations from generic large-scale initial conditions.

We observe that a multitude of high vorticity structures appear in the form of thin vorticity sheets (pancakes). Our analysis reveals the self-similarity of the pancakes evolution, which is governed by two different exponents e−t/Tℓ and et/Tω describing compression in the transverse direction and the vorticity growth, respectively, with the universal ratio Tℓ/Tω ≈ 2/3. With the spectral analysis, we demonstrate that the energy transfer to small scales is performed through the pancake structures, which accumulate in the Kolmogorov interval of scales and evolve according to the scaling law ωmax ∝ ℓ−2/3 for the local vorticity maximums ωmax and the transverse pancake scales ℓ.

We relate development of these structures to the gradual formation of the Kolmogorov energy spectrum Ek ∝ k−5/3, which we observe in a fully inviscid system.
Reflectors are the preferred high-gain antenna for ground base stations and radar applications. However, they are bulky and heavy for airborne applications. Hence, planar arrays such as microstrip antenna arrays are favored in airborne use. Unfortunately, losses in the array feeding network are unacceptable at Terahertz (THz) frequencies due to the significant absorption of any material/substrate in this range (D. Grischkowsky et al., J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, 7, 2006, 1990). Therefore, high-gain reflectarrays are the preferred practical solution for high data rate THz airborne applications.
Recently developed two-dimensional colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals, or nanoplatelets (NPLs), extend the palette of solution-processable free-standing 2D nanomaterials of high performance. Growing CdSe and CdS parts subsequently in either side-by-side or stacked manner results in core–crown or core/shell structures, respectively. Both kinds of heterogeneous NPLs find efficient applications and represent interesting materials to study the electronic and lattice excitations and interaction between them under strong one-directional confinement. Here, we investigated by Raman and infrared spectroscopy the phonon spectra and electron–phonon coupling in CdSe/CdS core/shell and core–crown NPLs. A number of distinct spectral features of the two NPL morphologies are observed, which are further modified by tuning the laser excitation energy Eexc between in- and off-resonant conditions. The general difference is the larger number of phonon modes in core/shell NPLs and their spectral shifts with increasing shell thickness, as well as with Eexc. This behaviour is explained by strong mutual influence of the core and shell and formation of combined phonon modes. In the core–crown structure, the CdSe and CdS modes preserve more independent behaviour with only interface modes forming the phonon overtones with phonons of the core.