Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
The effect of particle condensation of cold gas flow on the formation of a secondary jet ("wake") behind supersonic nozzles is revealed in the studied range of the outflow initial parameters.

The technique of gas jets photometry, which makes it possible to carry out linear measurements of the generated flows, is presented. An anomaly of the "wake" luminescence was discovered when the argon flow was excited by an electron beam.

The wavelengths and the corresponding transitions Ar-I and Ar-II inherent in the "wake" glow were determined. The development of diagnostic methods for studying cluster jets is discussed.
Regulation of DNA replication and copy number are necessary to promote genome stability and maintain cell and tissue function. DNA replication is regulated temporally in a process known as replication timing (RT). Rif1 is key regulator of RT and has a critical function in copy number control in polyploid cells. In a previous study (Munden et al., 2018), we demonstrated that Rif1 functions with SUUR to inhibit replication fork progression and promote underreplication (UR) of specific genomic regions. How Rif1-dependent control of RT factors into its ability to promote UR is unknown.

By applying a computational approach to measure RT in Drosophila polyploid cells, we show that SUUR and Rif1 have differential roles in controlling UR and RT.

Our findings reveal that Rif1 functions both upstream and downstream of SUUR to promote UR. Our work provides new mechanistic insight into the process of UR and its links to RT.
Precise study of the hadrons production in \bm{e^+e^-} 𝐞+𝐞− annihilation at low energies provides important information about interactions of light quarks and spectroscopy of their bound states. These studies are especially important for theoretical calculations of the muon \bm{(g-2)} (𝐠−2) via the Standard Model because of the present difference between theoretical and experimental values exceeds three standard deviations. In this report we will discuss current status and recent results obtained by the CMD-3 experiment and will give a brief look to status of the BaBar and Belle II experiments.
The article is devoted to the 60-year history of the Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The main stages of its development are considered. This institute was organized as part of the first multidisciplinary Novosibirsk Scientific Center in Siberia.

Initially, the Institute was created as an academic base for the study of thermal-hydraulic processes in the atomic power industry that intensively developed in the middle of the 20th century. Over time, other promising areas of scientific research were added.

Currently, the Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics SB RAS is one of the leading scientific centers on the theory of heat transfer and physical hydrodynamics. The article shows the main results of eminent scientists of the Institute.
We find set of necessary and sufficient conditions for CP conservation in the most general 2HDM in terms of observable quantities. This set contains two relatively easily testable simple conditions instead of usually discussed three more complex ones.
In this work we study the properties of the surface, obtained by applying Noa 81 photoresist at different temperatures of the substrate. The measurement of free energy was conducted by the Owens, Wendt, Rabel and Kaelble method under isothermal conditions. The paper presents the obtained data on contact angle for different temperatures.
Mountain lakes, especially those located at an altitude of 2000-3000 m above sea level, can be model objects for studying global climate changes, as their ecosystems are particularly sensitive to external impacts. The assessment of quantitative and qualitative changes in the hydrobiological communities of the high mountain lakes of Altai, in particular zooplankton, is important in predicting the development of lake ecosystems under different climate change scenarios. 19 lakes were studied in the Kara-Kudur, Saryachik and Chibit systems and Ukok Plateau in 2000 and 2017-2018. It was revealed that during this period in Altai there was a tendency towards air temperature increase in winter and transition seasons. There were structural changes of zooplankton community in the lakes of Kara-Kudur, Saryachik and Chibit systems. However, zooplankton is now dominated by species, which are indicators of organic matter accumulation in the upper layers of bottom sediments. In lakes of the Ukok Plateau during the past 20 years, there was also an increase in the number and biomass of zooplankton, the emergence of phytophilic and nectobenthic species, which may indicate an increase in trophic status of lakes.
RNA interference (RNAi) using exogenous double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) has been used to silence the model gene of Nicotiana benthamiana phytoendesaturase. Here we report on an efficient technique for dsRNA synthesis using E. coli HT115 strain. This strain is deficient in RNase III, an enzyme that normally destroys most dsRNA in a bacterial cell and has been engineered to produce big quantities of dsRNA. We also used root treatment for dsRNA delivery to N. benthamiana plants. We found this method to be one of the most efficient ways to deliver dsRNA for plants.
Graphs are the most common abstract structure encountered in computer science and are widely used for abstract information representation.

In the paper, we consider a practical and general graph formalism called hierarchical graphs. It is suited for visual processing and can be used in many areas where the strong structuring of information is needed.

We present also the Higres and Visual Graph systems that are aimed at supporting of information visualization on the base hierarchical graph modes.
We report photoluminescence investigations of heavily doped AlxGa1-xN:Si films grown by molecular beam epitaxy on sapphire substrates. The wide intensive defect-related band dominates in the photoluminescence spectra of AlxGa1-xN:Si films with the Al content higher than 0.38 covering the whole visible spectral range. This band is attributed to donor-acceptor and free electron-acceptor transitions involving the same acceptor. The acceptor ionization energy of about 1.87 eV for heavily doped AlN:Si was obtained, decrease of Al content leads to decrease of the acceptor ionization energy. The donor was assigned to the Si atom on the Ga/Al site; the acceptor might be (0/-) transition level of the CN or (2-/3-) transition level of the VAl.
Using digital processing of high-speed visualization data on a cavitation flow near NACA hydrofoil with critically low aspect ratio

the frequencies of the formation and separation of cavities in the flow are identified

It is shown that in the case of development of cloud cavitation the main dimensionless frequency varies within 0.4, which corresponds to the type of internal instability. The Strouhal number corresponds to the frequency of attached cavity occurrence and varies in range from 0.6 to 0.8. The Strouhal numbers calculated in third mode exceed 1. This mode corresponds to the forming of very small cavities near the leading edge of hydrofoil.
Onychargia priydak sp.nov. is described from eastern Cambodia.The new species co-occurs with the widespread Onychargia atrocyana Selys, 1865 in the same region.Its males differ from those of O. atrocyana by a larger paraprocts, which are longer than the cerci, and a bright white pruinescence on thorax, femora and the two first abdominal segments.This is the second species in the genus Onychargia Selys, 1865.
Eggshell waste is among the most abundant waste materials coming from food processing technologies. Despite the unique properties that both its components (eggshell, ES, and eggshell membrane, ESM) possess, it is very often discarded without further use. This review article aims to summarize the recent reports utilizing eggshell waste for very diverse purposes, stressing the need to use a mechanochemical approach to broaden its applications. The most studied field with regards to the potential use of eggshell waste is catalysis. Upon proper treatment, it can be used for turning waste oils into biodiesel and moreover, the catalytic effect of eggshell-based material in organic synthesis is also very beneficial. In inorganic chemistry, the eggshell membrane is very often used as a templating agent for nanoparticles production. Such composites are suitable for application in photocatalysis. These bionanocomposites are also capable of heavy metal ions reduction and can be also used for the ozonation process. The eggshell and its membrane are applicable in electrochemistry as well. Due to the high protein content and the presence of functional groups on the surface, ESM can be easily converted to a high-performance electrode material. Finally, both ES and ESM are suitable for medical applications, as the former can be used as an inexpensive Ca 2+ source for the development of medications, particles for drug delivery, organic matrix/mineral nanocomposites as potential tissue scaffolds, food supplements and the latter for the treatment of joint diseases, in reparative medicine and vascular graft producing. For the majority of the above-mentioned applications, the pretreatment of the eggshell waste is necessary. Among other options, the mechanochemical pretreatment has found an inevitable place. Since the publication of the last review paper devoted to the mechanochemical treatment of eggshell waste, a few new works have appeared, which are reviewed here to underline the sustainable character of the proposed methodology. The mechanochemical treatment of eggshell is capable of producing the nanoscale material which can be further used for bioceramics synthesis, dehalogenation processes, wastewater treatment, preparation of hydrophobic filters, lithium-ion batteries, dental materials, and in the building industry as cement.
In this paper, we study the properties of the KCCE algorithm (Kernel-based Classification with Cluster Ensemble) proposed in our previous publication.

Different strategies for choosing the ensemble weights are investigated from the point of view of their influence on the quality and speed of the algorithm. We perform numerical experiments with the algorithm on real datasets from the UCI repository under conditions of artificially added noise at different levels.
ISIM(2) symmetry group of Cohen and Glashow's very special relativity is unstable with respect to small deformations of its underlying algebraic structure and according to Segal's principle cannot be a true symmetry of nature. However, like special relativity, which is a very good description of nature thanks to the smallness of the cosmological constant, which characterizes the deformation of the Poincare group, the very special relativity can also be a very good approximation thanks to the smallness of the dimensionless parameter characterizing the deformation of ISIM(2).
Период гражданской войны является уникальным в истории Сибири. Общественнополитические процессы, протекавшие здесь в эти годы, имели общероссийское значение. В Сибири было организовано Российское правительство и под его эгидой создана самая крупная в России группировка антибольшевистских вооруженных сил.

В статье рассматривается биография генерала Николая Александровича Степанова применительно к его службе в старой Русской армии и в рядах антибольшевистских вооруженных формирований в период гражданской войны. Проанализирована его деятельность на посту военного министра Российского правительства адмирала А. В. Колчака.

Выявлены объективные и субъективные факторы, обусловившие провал деятельности генерала Степанова по подготовке в тылу пополнений для действовавшей на фронте армии. Организация борьбы с советской властью являлась главной задачей Российского правительства, в силу чего деятельность военного министерства, входившего в его состав, приобретала особо важное значение. Многое зависело и от фигуры военного министра.
To study the significance of the rs1378942 polymorphisms of the CSK gene and rs2200733 (chromosome 4q25) in the progression of AF in men with AH and AO. In an observational cohort study, 116 men aged 4565 years were followed. Of these, 57 patients with AF, AH and AO and a control group including 59 patients with AF, AH and without AO. Testing of polymorphism rs1378942 of the CSK gene and rs2200733 of chromosome 4q25 using polymerase chain reaction with restriction fragment length polymorphism. All statistical calculations were performed using the Rstudio program (version 0.99.879 20092016 RStudio, Inc., USA). The average age of all studied patients was 53.37.1 years. When dividing patients with AF and AH into groups based on the presence/absence of AO, it turned out that in the subgroups of carriers of different genotypes of the rs1378942 polymorphism of the CSK gene there are significant differences in BMI: in the group with BMI, there is an increase in the indicator in the series of CC, AC, AA genotypes. The highest BMI value in carriers of the CC genotype (p0.03) was in the group with AO. In the subgroups of carriers of different rs2200733 genotypes of chromosome 4q25, CC has the highest BMI (p0.05). It was proved that in the group with AO, the progression of AF occurred 2.57 times more often than in the group without AO (p0.003). In men with AF and AH, single nucleotide polymorphisms rs1378942 of the CSK gene and rs2200733 of chromosome 4q25 are associated with BMI. The heterozygous genotype AC rs1378942 in the CSK gene is significantly more common in patients, regardless of the presence of AO. In the group with AO, the progression of AF occurred 2.57 times more often than in the group without AO.
В работе получен второй член асимптотического разведения Эджворта для функций распределения канонических статистик Мизеса третьего порядка

построенных по выборкам растущего объема из последовательности независимых одинаково распределенных случайных величин

Оценка остаточного члена имеет правильный порядок малости $O(n^{-1})$
The SMSI (strong metal–support interaction) observed for palladium supported on titania catalysts, along with the formation of a Pdδ+ state during high-temperature (500 °C) hydrogen treatment, dramatically reduces the pairwise hydrogen addition activity of the Pd/TiO2 catalyst.

In their Communication, Kovtunov et al. demonstrate that formation of the Pdδ+ state by encapsulation of Pd metal nanoparticles, confirmed by XPS and TEM techniques, correlates with the decrease in the number of active sites responsible for pairwise hydrogen addition. Utilization of the PHIP (parahydrogen–induced polarization) technique to investigate the SMSI effects, along with TEM and XPS analysis.

PHIP effects are more sensitive to the onset of SMSI effects compared with catalytic activity or chemisorption measurements.
The levels of corticosterone, corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG), and a-fetoprotein (AFP) were measured in the serum of developing rats. It has been shown that the dramatic increase in CBG concentration and the decrease in AFP concentration of the same degree occur in males and females during the third postnatal week. The considerable rise in corticosterone level was observed only during 4th postnatal week. The data obtained in the study suggest that CBG may be responsible for the essential contribution to the developmental rise in glucocorticoid activity.
The shadow method of image analysis is the most commonly used experimental technique for investigation of evaporating droplet dynamics and wettability.

In this paper, we experimentally study the applicability limit of the shadow image analysis and contributions of errors, connected with non-telecentricity of the optical system, as well as diffraction and numerical errors, at various stages of droplet evaporation.

So, the shadow method uncertainty and limit of its applicability for analysis of evaporating droplets are actual issues.
Apoptosis plays a crucial role in chemotherapy-induced cell death. The conventional theory holding that apoptosis needs to be immunologically silent has recently been revised, and the concept of immunogenic cell death (ICD) has been proposed. This review describes the main features of ICD induction. These ICD markers are important for the effectiveness of anticancer therapy, as well as for basic research into cell death regulation. The mechanism of the vaccination effect of dying cancer cells undergoing ICD has been fully described, including the activation of specific antitumor response after re-challenge by the same living tumor cells. This review also discusses the whole set of molecular events attributing cell death to immunogenic type: the exposure of calreticulin and the heat shock protein HSP70 to the outer surface of the cell membrane and the release of the nuclear protein HMGB1 and ATP into the extracellular space. ICD inducers of various nature (chemotherapy drugs, cytotoxic proteins, and oncolytic viruses), as well as physical methods, are classified in the current review.
Filling of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and extraction of the encapsulated species from their cavities are perspective treatments for tuning the functional properties of SWCNT-based materials.

Here, we have investigated sulfur-modified SWCNTs synthesized by the ampoule method. The morphology and chemical states of carbon and sulfur were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy, Raman scattering, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray photoelectron and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopies.

Successful encapsulation of sulfur inside SWCNTs cavities was demonstrated. The peculiarities of interactions of SWCNTs with encapsulated and external sulfur species were analyzed in details. In particular, the donor–acceptor interaction between encapsulated sulfur and host SWCNT is experimentally demonstrated. The sulfur-filled SWCNTs were continuously irradiated in situ with polychromatic photon beam of high intensity. Comparison of X-ray spectra of the samples before and after the treatment revealed sulfur transport from the interior to the surface of SWCNTs bundles, in particular extraction of sulfur from the SWCNT cavity. These results show that the moderate heating of filled nanotubes could be used to de-encapsulate the guest species tuning the local composition, and hence, the functional properties of SWCNT-based materials.
This study investigated 12-year blood lipid trajectories and whether these trajectories are modified by smoking and lipid lowering treatment in older Russians.

To do so, we analysed data on 9,218 Russian West-Siberian Caucasians aged 45–69 years at baseline participating in the international HAPIEE cohort study. Mixed-effect multilevel models were used to estimate individual level lipid trajectories across the baseline and two follow-up examinations (16,445 separate measurements over 12 years).

We conclude, that in this ageing population we observed marked changes in blood lipids over a 12 year follow up, with decreasing trajectories of TC, LDL-C and non-HDL-C and mixed trajectories of TG. The findings suggest that monitoring of age-related trajectories in blood lipids may improve prediction of CVD risk beyond single measurements.
In order to study quantum turbulence it is necessary to calculate the various characteristics of the vortex tangle (VT). Some of the "crude" quantities can be expressed directly via the total length of vortex lines (per unit of volume) or the vortex line density L (t) and the structure parameters of the VT. Other more "subtle" quantities require knowledge of the vortex line configurations {s(ξ, t)}. Usually, the corresponding calculations are carried out with the use of more or less truthful speculations concerning arrangement of the VT.

In this paper we review other ways of solving this problem. It is based on the trial distribution functional (TDF) in the space of vortex loop configurations. The TDF is constructed on the basis of well established properties of the vortex tangle. It is designed to calculate various averages taken over stochastic vortex loop configurations.

In this paper we also review several applications of the use of this model to calculate some important characteristics of the vortex tangle. In particular, we discussed the average superfluid mass current J induced by vortices, and its dynamics. We also describe the diffusion-like processes in the nonuniform vortex tangle and the propagation of turbulent fronts.
The article reports an original method for producing vitamin D3-binding protein (DBP) and its conversion into macrophage-activating factor GcMAF-RF. According to an original protocol, DBPs were obtained from human blood plasma using affinity chromatography, purified and modified to GcMAF-RF using cytoimmobilized glycosidases (beta-galactosidase and neuraminidase). The presence of the polypeptide obtained in the Gc group of blood plasma globulins was confirmed by Western blot using specific antibodies. The molecular properties of this polypeptide put it in correspondence with the GcMAF protein described in the literature, which is undergoing clinical trials in the USA, Britain, Israel and Japan (at Saisei Mirai; Reno Integrative Medical Center; Immuno Biotech Ltd; Efranat; and Catalytic Longevity). The biological activity of the GcMAF-RF preparation was detected by the induction of phagocytic activity of macrophages and their ability to produce nitrogen monoxide (NO) in vitro.The phagocytic activity of macrophages was evaluated by their ability to uptake magnetic beads. The degree of activation of macrophages was calculated by the ratio of trapped beads to the total number of macrophages. The level of NO production was estimated by the accumulation of nitrogen monoxide in the culture supernatants of peritoneal macrophages by the colorimetric method using the Griess reagent. It was shown that GcMAF-RF multiplies the phagocytic activity of macrophages and significantly increases their production of nitrogen monoxide. The macrophage activator GcMAF-RF, according to its characteristics, corresponds to similar preparations which are made available to the market by foreign companies, and can be considered as a new biologically active preparation with a wide spectrum of action. Of greatest interest is its ability - through the activation of macrophages - to enhance the adaptive immunity. In this regard, two areas of therapeutic use of the GcMAF-RF are proposed. The preparation will be in demand in the field of cancer treatment, and, in addition, it can be used in the treatment of a number of neurodegenerative pathologies.
The paper is devoted to analyzing consistent individual differences in behavior, also known as “personalities,” in the context of a vital ant task—the detection and transportation of food. I am trying to elucidate the extent to which collective cognition is individual-based and whether a single individual’s actions can suffice to direct the entire colony or colony units. The review analyzes personalities in various insects with different life cycles and provides new insights into the role of individuals in directing group actions in ants. Although it is widely accepted that, in eusocial insects, colony personality emerges from the workers’ personalities, there are only a few examples of investigations of personality at the individual level. The central question of the review is how the distribution of behavioral types and cognitive responsibilities within ant colonies depends on a species’ foraging style. In the context of how workers’ behavioral traits display during foraging, a crucial question is what makes an ant a scout that discovers a new food source and mobilizes its nestmates. In mass recruiting, tandem-running, and even in group-recruiting species displaying leadership, the division of labor between scouts and recruits appears to be ephemeral. There is only little, if any, evidence of ants’ careers and behavioral consistency as leaders. Personal traits characterize groups of individuals at the colony level but not performers of functional roles during foraging. The leader-scouting seems to be the only known system that is based on a consistent personal difference between scouting and foraging individuals.