Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
An equilibrium problem of the Kirchhoff–Love plate containing a nonhomogeneous inclusion is considered. It is assumed that elastic properties of the inclusion depend on a small parameter characterizing the width of the inclusion ε as εN with N<1.

The passage to the limit as the parameter ε tends to zero is justified, and an asymptotic model of a plate containing a thin inhomogeneous hard inclusion is constructed.

It is shown that there exists two types of thin inclusions: rigid inclusion (N<−1) and elastic inclusion (N=−1). The inhomogeneity disappears in the case of N∈(−1,1).
[Cp*Sb]4 (Cp*=C5 Me5 ) reacts with [L1 Mg]2 and L2 Ga with formation of [(L1 Mg)4 (μ4 ,η1:2:2:2 -Sb4 )] (L1 =iPr2 NC[N(2,6-iPr2 C6 H3 )]2 , 1) and [(L2 Ga)2 (μ,η2:2 -Sb4 )] (L2 =HC[C(Me)N(2,6-iPr2 C6 H3 )]2 , 2). The cleavage of the Sb-Sb and Sb-C bonds in [Cp*Sb]4 are the crucial steps in both reactions. The formation of 1 occurred by elimination of the Cp* anion and formation of Cp*MgL1 , while 2 was formed by reductive elimination of Cp*2 and oxidative addition of L2 Ga to the Sb4 unit. 1 and 2 were characterized by heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and their bonding situation was studied by quantum chemical calculations.
Oxidatively damaged DNA bases are substrates for two overlapping repair pathways: DNA glycosylase-initiated base excision repair (BER) and apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease-initiated nucleotide incision repair (NIR). In the BER pathway, an AP endonuclease cleaves DNA at AP sites and 3'-blocking moieties generated by DNA glycosylases, whereas in the NIR pathway, the same AP endonuclease incises DNA 5' to an oxidized base. The majority of characterized AP endonucleases possess classic BER activities, and approximately a half of them can also have a NIR activity. At present, the molecular mechanism underlying DNA substrate specificity of AP endonucleases remains unclear mainly due to the absence of a published structure of the enzyme in complex with a damaged base.

To identify critical residues involved in the NIR function, we performed biochemical and structural characterization of Bacillus subtilis AP endonuclease ExoA and compared its crystal structure with the structures of other AP endonucleases: Escherichia coli exonuclease III (Xth), human APE1, and archaeal Mth212. We found conserved amino acid residues in the NIR-specific enzymes APE1, Mth212, and ExoA. Four of these positions were studied by means of point mutations in APE1: we applied substitution with the corresponding residue found in NIR-deficient E. coli Xth (Y128H, N174Q, G231S, and T268D).

The APE1-T268D mutant showed a drastically decreased NIR activity and an inverted Mg(2+) dependence of the AP site cleavage activity, which is in line with the presence of an aspartic residue at the equivalent position among other known NIR-deficient AP endonucleases. Taken together, these data show that NIR is an evolutionarily conserved function in the Xth family of AP endonucleases.
The discovery of Dirac fermions in a number of 2D and 3D materials boosted the solid-state research in an unprecedented way. Among the many hopes of using their exceptional physical properties, it has been argued that their reduced nonradiative losses would allow graphene to compete with quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) in the race for terahertz (THz) emitters. Unfortunately, the nonradiative Auger recombination (AR) process is still active for massless fermions in gapless graphene. However, for massive Dirac fermions, AR can be entirely suppressed below a certain threshold of the carrier's kinetic energy that depends on the nonparabolicity and the symmetry of the electron and hole dispersions.

In this work, by finely tuning the band structure of HgCdTe quantum wells hosting massive Dirac fermions, we set the electronic system below this threshold and demonstrate that the carrier recombination is purely radiative.

A coherent interband emission reaching 9.6 THz, that is to say outside the spectral range of current QCLs, is measured under these conditions, opening the way to lossless interband THz emitters.
The differential evolution algorithm is applied to solve the optimization problem to reconstruct the production function (inverse problem) for the spatial Solow mathematical model using additional measurements of the gross domestic product for the fixed points. Since the inverse problem is ill-posed the regularized differential evolution is applied. For getting the optimized solution of the inverse problem the differential evolution algorithm is paralleled to 32 kernels. Numerical results for different technological levels and errors in measured data are presented and discussed.
Mutations in genomes of species are frequently distributed non-randomly, resulting in mutation clusters, including recently discovered kataegis in tumors. DNA editing deaminases play the prominent role in the etiology of these mutations. To gain insight into the enigmatic mechanisms of localized hypermutagenesis that lead to cluster formation, we analyzed the mutational single nucleotide variations (SNV) data obtained by whole-genome sequencing of drug-resistant mutants induced in yeast diploids by AID/APOBEC deaminase and base analog 6-HAP. Deaminase from sea lamprey, PmCDA1, induced robust clusters, while 6-HAP induced a few weak ones. We found that PmCDA1, AID, and APOBEC1 deaminases preferentially mutate the beginning of the actively transcribed genes. Inactivation of transcription initiation factor Sub1 strongly reduced deaminase-induced can1 mutation frequency, but, surprisingly, did not decrease the total SNV load in genomes. However, the SNVs in the genomes of the sub1 clones were re-distributed, and the effect of mutation clustering in the regions of transcription initiation was even more pronounced. At the same time, the mutation density in the protein-coding regions was reduced, resulting in the decrease of phenotypically detected mutants. We propose that the induction of clustered mutations by deaminases involves: a) the exposure of ssDNA strands during transcription and loss of protection of ssDNA due to the depletion of ssDNA-binding proteins, such as Sub1, and b) attainment of conditions favorable for APOBEC action in subpopulation of cells, leading to enzymatic deamination within the currently expressed genes. This model is applicable to both the initial and the later stages of oncogenic transformation and explains variations in the distribution of mutations and kataegis events in different tumor cells.
One of the main tasks of experimental gas dynamics is to study the mechanisms of formation and evolution of fluctuations of flow parameters that arise when flowing around the studied bodies. The processing of the experimental data in this case is reduced to the extraction of the component from total signal due to the influence of the process under study. As a rule, pulsation processes are of non-stationary nature, and for the most effective analysis of such phenomena it is necessary to use special methods of time-frequency analysis. One such method proposed by N. Huang et al. is Hilbert-Huang transformation. This transformation recently finds more and more applications for the analysis of various processes. Hilbert-Huang transform consists of two main stages: an empirical mode decomposition and Hilbert transform. As a result of the decomposition, the signal is represented as a finite sum of so-called intrinsic mode functions. These modes are essentially a basis and unique for each signal. To each of the intrinsic modes, the Hilbert transform can be applied, with the result of which any can compute amplitudes and frequencies of these modes for each instant of time. Possibilities and features of empirical mode decomposition procedure and of the overall method are demonstrated. As an examples results of decomposition of the experimental signal of a thermoanemometer are considered. These signals are obtained in various flows characterized by a high level and a significant instability of flow fluctuations.
A search for the decays ${B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{h}_{c}{K}^{+}$ and ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{h}_{c}{K}_{S}^{0}$ is performed.

The analysis is based on the $711\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ data sample collected by the Belle detector at the asymmetric-energy ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collider KEKB at the $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}(4S)$ resonance.

Evidence for the decay ${B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{h}_{c}{K}^{+}$ is found; its significance is $4.8\ensuremath{\sigma}$. No evidence is found for ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{h}_{c}{K}_{S}^{0}$. The branching fraction for ${B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{h}_{c}{K}^{+}$ is measured to be $({3.7}_{\ensuremath{-}0.9}^{+1.0}{\text{ }}_{\ensuremath{-}0.8}^{+0.8})\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$; the upper limit for the ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{h}_{c}{K}_{S}^{0}$ branching fraction is $1.4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$ at 90% C.L. In addition, a study of the $p\overline{p}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ invariant mass distribution in the channel ${B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}(p\overline{p}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}){K}^{+}$ results in the first observation of the decay ${\ensuremath{\eta}}_{c}(2S)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}p\overline{p}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ with $12.1\ensuremath{\sigma}$ significance.
We search for smooth periodic solutions for the system of quasi-linear equations known as the Lax dispersionless reduction of the Benney moments chain. It is naturally related to the existence of a polynomial in momenta integral for a classical Hamiltonian system with 1,5 degrees of freedom.

For the solution in question, it is not known a priori if the system is elliptic or hyperbolic or of mixed type. We consider two possible regimes for the solution.

The first is the case of only one real eigenvalue, where we can completely classify the solutions. The second case of strict hyperbolicity is really a challenge. We find a remarkable 2 × 2 reduction which is strictly hyperbolic with one umbilic point but violates the condition of genuine non-linearity.
Tuberculosis (TB) is a common disease caused by infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and influenced by host hereditary and environmental factors. Accumulated genomic data obtained through the use of new methodological approaches, including analysis of associative networks, contribute to the understanding of the hereditary basis of the disease. In the current study, we carried out the reconstruction and analysis of associative network representing molecular genetic links between proteins/genes involved in the development of TB. In the associative network, well studied proteins and genes with a decisive importance in the efficiency of the human immune response against a pathogen predominated. However, this approach identified 12 new genes encoding for the respective proteins in the associative network polymorphismsof which has not been studied regarding the development of TB.
This paper presents a mathematical model of the vapor bubble growth in an initially uniformly superheated liquid. This model takes into account simultaneously the dynamic and thermal effects and includes the well-known classical equations: the Rayleigh equation and the heat conductivity equation, written with consideration of specifics associated with the process of liquid evaporation. We have obtained a semi-analytical solution to the problem, which consists in reducing the initial boundary value problem with a moving boundary to a system of ordinary differential equations of the first order, valid in a wide range of operating parameters of the process at all its stages: from inertial to thermal, including the transitional one. It is shown that at large times this solution is consistent with the known solutions of other authors obtained in the framework of the energy thermal model, in particular, for the high Jacob numbers, it is consistent with the Plesset–Zwick solution.
Новосибирский государственный университет, Новосибирск 630090, Российская Федерация Резюме.В научном обзоре рассматривается проблема привычной потери плода по причине носительства генов, ассоциированных с тромбофилией.Кратко описаны физиологические и анатомические аспекты, позволяющие отнести беременность к тромбогенным рискам, дан обзор по генетическим полиморфизмам, определяющим склонность к тромбофилиям.Указаны сведения об положительных и
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by uncommon genetic heterogeneity and a high heritability concurrently. Most autoimmune disorders (AID), similarly to ASD, are characterized by impressive genetic heterogeneity and heritability. We conducted gene-set analyses and revealed that 584 out of 992 genes (59%) included in a new release of the SFARI Gene database and 439 out of 871 AID-associated genes (50%) could be attributed to one of four groups: 1. FMRP (fragile X mental retardation protein) target genes, 2. mTOR signaling network genes, 3. mTOR-modulated genes, and 4. vitamin D3-sensitive genes. With the exception of FMRP targets, which are obviously associated with the direct involvement of local translation disturbance in the pathological mechanisms of ASD, the remaining categories are represented among AID genes in a very similar percentage as among ASD predisposition genes. Thus, mTOR signaling pathway genes make up 4% of ASD and 3% of AID genes, mTOR-modulated genes—31% of both ASD and AID genes, and vitamin D-sensitive genes—20% of ASD and 23% of AID genes. The network analysis revealed 3124 interactions between 528 out of 729 AID genes for the 0.7 cutoff, so the great majority (up to 67%) of AID genes are related to the mTOR signaling pathway directly or indirectly. Our present research and available published data allow us to hypothesize that both a certain part of ASD and AID comprise a connected set of disorders sharing a common aberrant pathway (mTOR signaling) rather than a vast set of different disorders. Furthermore, an immune subtype of the autism spectrum might be a specific type of autoimmune disorder with an early manifestation of a unique set of predominantly behavioral symptoms.
In the current work the preliminary results of numerical simulations of detonation wave propagation with detailed hydrocarbon chemical mechanisms are presented. 1D and 2D cases are investigated.

All simulations are conducted using an in-home code solving the chemically reacting Euler equations on supercomputers with GPUs. Four chemical models are considered: AFRL model, Singh–Jachimowski model, Varatharajan–Williams model and GRI-Mech 3.0 model. Due to complexity of GRI-Mech 3.0 model it is not used for 2D numerical simulations of detonation wave propagation. For all chemical models the Chapman-Jouguet velocity is obtained, the ignition delay is determined and the Zeldovich–Neumann–Doering solution is obtained in order to compare how suitable they are for numerical simulations of detonations. The 2D Euler equations are solved for an ethylene/oxygen/nitrogen mixture using high-order shock-capturing TVD schemes and a finite-rate chemistry solver.

The sizes of detonation cells obtained with different models are compared with each other and experimental data.
For the first time, we demonstrate the possibility to generate record-high output radiation power exceeding 1 W in an all-fibre figure-eight mode-locked Yb fibre master oscillator based on non-linear amplifying loop mirror.

Generated at the repetition rate of 25 MHz clusters of sub-pulses with duration of no more than 200 fs have envelope width of 23 ps or less. Two typical mode-locked laser regimes with substantially different generation spectra are identified and results of their study presented.

Numerical modelling of laser generation in the proposed layout agrees well with the measured experimental data.
Intraverbal operant (i.e. intraverbal behavior) in B.F. Skinner’s concept is a class of verbal reactions that includes understanding what is read, holding conversations and answering questions, and also thoughts and memories. Intraverbals are the foundation for learning simple communications, developing academic skills and acquiring professional ones. Many persons with autism spectrum disorder experience considerable difficulties with intraverbal behavior, and there still is no technique that could teach them how to use it fully and functionally. This research on the effectiveness of various types of prompts in educational trainings was aimed at optimizing teaching intraverbal behavior to children with ASD. The study analyzed how children develop the skill of answering questions in the context of textual and echoic prompts. The experiment with two subjects, children of different sexes aged 8 and 17 years diagnosed with ASD, revealed that textual prompts were more effective. The difference in the effectiveness between textual and echoic prompts proved to be more significant for questions with several or many correct answers than in the case with simple questions having only one correct answer.
We instrumentally, theoretically, and experimentally demonstrate a new approach for characterization of nonspherical individual particles from light scattering. Unlike the original optical scheme of the scanning flow cytometer that measures an angle‐resolved scattering corresponding in general to S 11 element of the light‐scattering matrix, the modernized instrument allows us to measure the polarized light‐scattering profile of individual particles simultaneously. Theoretically, the polarized profile is expressed by the combination of a few light‐scattering matrix elements. This approach supports us with additional independent data to characterize a particle with a complex shape and an internal structure. Applicability of the new method was demonstrated from analysis of polymer bispheres. The bisphere characteristics, sizes, and refractive indices of each sphere composing the bisphere were successfully retrieved from the solution of the inverse light‐scattering problem. The solution provides determination of the Eulerian angles, which describe the orientation of the bispheres relative to the direction of the incident laser beam and detecting polarizer of the optical system. Both the ordinary and polarized profiles show a perfect agreement with T ‐matrix simulation resulting to 50‐nm precision for sizing of bispheres. © 2011 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
Summary Expression of X -linked genes for G6PD and GALA in interspecific hybrids between Microtus arvalis, M. subarvalis and M. kirgisorum voles was studied. Quantitative predominance of the enzyme activities of M. arvalis over G6PD activity of M. subarvalis and the GALA activity of M. kirgisorum in the female hybrids was shown. The definitive patterns of these enzyme activities was found on day 6·5 of embryonic development. Non-random inactivation of X -chromosomes derived from M. subarvalis and M. kirgisorum in the interspecific hybrids with M. arvalis is supposed to be the cause of the phenomenon observed. A hypothesis is proposed that there is a connection between the presence of large heterochromatin regions in the X -chromosomes derived from M. subarvalis or M. kirgisorum and the preferential inactivation of these in female hybrids with M. arvalis .
The paper discusses the pioneering results of comprehensive hydrogeochemical studies of natural waters of the Baydar valley (southwestern parts of the Crimean Peninsula), whose major aquifers are confined to the upper Jurassic sediments (karst limestone) representing the most important hydrogeological feature of the study area.

Fresh and ultra-fresh waters of predominantly bicarbonate calcium composition with total mineralization in the range from 194 to 1137 mg/dm 3 are most widespread in the region. The analyzed waters (surface, ground and artesian) differ significantly in chemical composition and their basic characteristics have been arranged in the following patterns: mineralization of 254-832 mg/dm 3 and neutral pH (6.98-7.54) for artesian waters ; higher mineralization level (up to 1137 mg/dm 3 ) and wide variations of pH values (from 7.18 to 8.31) for ground waters ; mineralization from 194 to 288 mg/dm 3 and a slightly alkaline pH (between 8.02 and 8.04) for surface waters collected in the Chyornaya river basin and Chernorechensk reservoir.

The studied waters display a unique spectrum of trace elements and REE distribution.
Dynamics of vapour bubbles during nucleate flow boiling in a microchannel was investigated by means of high-speed shooting, with recording speeds up to 775 000 frames per second. A method to precisely determine bubble growth incipience moment is proposed. The obtained results were compared with well know correlations for vapour bubble growth in pure water. Good agreement has been met.
We address the problem of relative frequencies of singlet and triplet recombinations in a multiparticle system, which consists of spin-correlated radical ion pairs.

The nonlocal swapping of spin correlations due to cross-recombinations is taken into account.

It is shown that this swapping does not contribute to singlet and triplet recombination frequencies in the absence of spin evolution in the correlated pairs.
The paper discusses generation of volatile-bearing plumes in the mantle transition zone (MTZ) in terms of mineral-fluid petrology and their related formation of numerous localities of intra-plate bimodal volcanic series in Central and East Asia.

The plume generation in the MTZ can be triggered by the tectonic erosion of continental crust at Pacific-type convergent margins and by the presence of water and carbon dioxide in the mantle. Most probable sources of volatiles are the hydrated/carbonated sediments and basalts and serpentinite of oceanic slabs, which can be subducted down to the deep mantle. Tectonic erosion of continental crust supplies crustal material enriched in uranium and thorium into the mantle, which can serve source of heat in the MTZ.

The heating in the MTZ induces melting of subducted slabs and continental crust and mantle upwelling, to produce OIB-type mafic and felsic melts, respectively.
We calculate in the BFKL approach the jet vertex relevant for the production of Mueller-Navelet jets in proton-proton collisions. We consider both cases of incoming quark and gluon and show explicitly that all infrared divergences cancel when renormalized parton densities are considered. Finally we compare our expression for the vertex with a previous calculation [1].
The article attempts to assess the possible parameters of the state of mechanical engineering in Russia in the event of a significant increase in the export of its products provided for by the national project "International Cooperation and Export". The evaluation of the parameters is based on the premise that an increase in the export of engineering products will entail an increase in the volume of its production (provided that there is no decrease in domestic consumption) in the country, which in turn will necessitate a possible re-equipment and reconstruction of existing industries and the creation of new ones. In addition, increasing the output of competitive high-tech products will require increased R&D and the creation of related organizations. All this in total may require significant investment. Evaluation of hypothetical investments in the implementation of intentions to increase the export of engineering products was carried out according to the table of use of domestic products at basic prices from the Rosstat system of input-output tables. At the same time, the original table was transformed into a worksheet with the inclusion of the investment unit, as a result of calculations on which, apart from hypothetical investments equal to the difference between the initial and estimated values of fixed assets, the impact on the output of economic activities related to engineering was determined.