Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a subtype of lung cancer, remains one of the most common tumors with a high mortality and morbidity rate. Numerous targeted drugs were implemented or are now developed for the treatment of NSCLC. Two genes, HER2 and MET, are among targets for these specific therapeutic agents. Alterations in HER2 and MET could lead to primary or acquired resistance to commonly used anti-EGFR drugs. Using current methods for detecting HER2 and MET amplifications is time and labor-consuming; alternative methods are required for HER2 and MET testing.

We developed the first multiplex droplet digital PCR assay for the simultaneous detection of MET and HER2 amplification in NSCLC samples. The suitability of qPCR was assessed for the optimization of multiplex ddPCR. The optimal elongation temperature, reference genes for DNA quantification, and amplicon length were selected. The developed ddPCR was validated on control samples with various DNA concentrations and ratios of MET and HER2 genes.

Using ddPCR, 436 EGFR-negative NSCLC samples were analyzed. Among the tested samples, five specimens (1.15%) showed a higher ratio of MET, and six samples (1.38%) showed a higher ratio of HER2. The reported multiplex ddPCR assay could be used for the routine screening of MET and HER2 amplification in NSCLC samples.
Lactaptin, the proteolytic fragment of human milk kappa-casein, induces the death of various cultured cancer cells. The mechanisms leading to cell death after lactaptin treatment have not been well characterized. In this study the in vivo and in vitro effects of a recombinant analogue of lactaptin (RL2) were examined. Following treatment with the recombinant analogue of lactaptin strong caspase -3, -7 activation was detected. As a consequence of caspase activation we observed the appearance of a sub-G1 population of cells with subdiploid DNA content. Dynamic changes in the mRNA and protein levels of apoptosis-related genes were estimated. No statistically reliable differences in p53 mRNA level or protein level were found between control and RL2-treated cells. We observed that RL2 constitutively suppressed bcl-2 mRNA expression and down regulated Bcl-2 protein expression in MDA-MB-231 cells. We demonstrated that RL2 penetrates cancer and non-transformed cells. Identification of the cellular targets of the lactaptin analogue revealed that α/β-tubulin and α-actinin-1 were RL2-bound proteins. As the alteration in cellular viability in response to protein stimulus can be realized not only by way of apoptosis but also by autophagy, we examined the implications of autophagy in RL2-dependent cell death. We also found that RL2 treatment induces LC3-processing, which is a hallmark of autophagy. The autophagy inhibitor chloroquine enhanced RL2 cytotoxicity to MDA-MB-231 cells, indicating the pro-survival effect of RL2-dependent autophagy. The antitumour potential of RL2 was investigated in vivo in mouse xenografts bearing MDA-MB-231 cells. We demonstrated that the recombinant analogue of lactaptin significantly suppressed the growth of solid tumours. Our results indicate that lactaptin could be a new molecule for the development of anticancer drugs.
The article analyzes the processes of internationalization of higher education in China at the beginning of the 21st century. Based on data from the Ministry of Education of China, legislation and publications that are publicly available on the Chinese Internet, it is shown how the number of students visiting China, their preferences in choosing universities and educational programs changed from 2000 to 2016. Information on government activities to support international students is provided. The internationalization of higher education plays an important role in the foreign-policy activities of modern China. Foreign students teaching and expanding of Chinese language teaching in foreign countries can be considered as the “soft power” of influence of Chinese national culture. Such actions from the point of view of the Chinese government should contribute to the formation of an attractive image of China, reduce the level of external threats, increase stability and economic prosperity of the country. Therefore, the government aims to attract as many foreign students as possible, especially from neighboring countries, and spends a lot of money on these purposes. The policy of internationalization of education has achieved significant results over the past 15 years. Today, students from all over the world obtain higher educationin China. The number of foreign students increased in 2016 compared to 2000 by 8.4 times, reaching almost 450 thousand people. The possibilities for foreign students to choose profession and university have expanded. Now they come to China not only to learn Chinese, but also to obtain qualifications in engineering, economics, management and Western medicine.
The hallmarks of constitutive heterochromatin, HP1 and H3K9me2/3, assemble heterochromatin-like domains/complexes outside canonical constitutively heterochromatic territories where they regulate chromatin template-dependent processes. Domains are more than 100 kb in size; complexes less than 100 kb. They are present in the genomes of organisms ranging from fission yeast to human, with an expansion in size and number in mammals. Some of the likely functions of domains/complexes include silencing of the donor mating type region in fission yeast, preservation of DNA methylation at imprinted germline differentially methylated regions (gDMRs) and regulation of the phylotypic progression during vertebrate development.

Far cis- and trans-contacts between micro-phase separated domains/complexes in mammalian nuclei contribute to the emergence of epigenetic compartmental domains (ECDs) detected in Hi-C maps. A thermodynamic description of micro-phase separation of heterochromatin-like domains/complexes may require a gestalt shift away from the monomer as the 'unit of incompatibility' that determines the sign and magnitude of the Flory–Huggins parameter, χ. Instead, a more dynamic structure, the oligo-nucleosomal 'clutch', consisting of between 2 and 10 nucleosomes is both the long sought-after secondary structure of chromatin and its unit of incompatibility. Based on this assumption we present a simple theoretical framework that enables an estimation of χ for domains/complexes flanked by euchromatin and thereby an indication of their tendency to phase separate.

The degree of phase separation is specified by χN, where N is the number of 'clutches' in a domain/complex. Our approach could provide an additional tool for understanding the biophysics of the 3D genome.
We present both the experimental and theoretical investigation of a non-trivial electron Landau levels shift in magnetic field in wide ~20 nm HgTe quantum wells: Landau levels split under magnetic fields but become degenerate again when magnetic field increases.

We reproduced this behavior qualitatively within an isotropic 6-band Kane model, then using semiclassical calculations we showed this behavior is due to the mixing of the conduction band with total spin 3/2 with the next well subband with spin 1/2 which reduces the average vertical spin from 3/2 to around 1.

This change of the average spin changes the Berry phase explaining the evolution of Landau levels under magnetic field.
In this paper we discuss an application of the spectral decompositions of Gramians for the small-signal and transient stability analysis of electric power systems. Eigen-parts in these decompositions were named sub-Gramians. A theoretical comparison of the sub-Gramian method with other methods of modal analysis is provided. In order to demonstrate the potential of using the sub-Gramian method we apply it to the small-signal stability analysis of the IEEE 57-bus test model and compare it with the standard method of using eigenvalues.
This article finds an evolving pattern of goods market integration in Russia, considering the period of economic upturn since the second half of 2000 to the end of 2007. In an integrated market, the price of a tradable good at any location is determined by the national market, not local demand. Based on this, the strength of dependence of local prices on local demand is used to detect and measure market segmentation. The costs of a staples basket across almost all Russian regions with a monthly frequency are used as the empirical material. The pattern found suggests that over the time span under consideration the degree of Russia's goods market integration was relatively stable, fluctuating around some level; no significant improvements or deteriorations were detected.
Generation of mature red blood cells, consisting mainly of hemoglobin, is a remarkable example of coordinated action of various signaling networks. Chromatin condensation is an essential step for terminal erythroid differentiation and subsequent nuclear expulsion in mammals.

Here, we profiled 3D genome organization in the blood cells from ten species belonging to different vertebrate classes. Our analysis of contact maps revealed a striking absence of such 3D interaction patterns as loops or TADs in blood cells of all analyzed representatives. We also detect large-scale chromatin rearrangements in blood cells from mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians: their contact maps display strong second diagonal pattern, representing an increased frequency of long-range contacts, unrelated to TADs or compartments. This pattern is completely atypical for interphase chromosome structure.

We confirm that these principles of genome organization are conservative in vertebrate erythroid cells.
Naked mole rat is the long-lived and tumor-resistant rodent. Naked mole rat possesses multiple adaptations that may contribute to longevity and cancer-resistance. Higher activity of DNA excision repair systems and their faster recovery after genotoxic impact as compare with Mus musculus directly demonstrated in our previous investigation contribute to longevity and cancer resistance of naked mole rat.

In the present study the DNA-damage-induced apoptosis in naked mole rat fibroblasts was studied using conventional methods.

The ability of naked mole rat cells to undergo regulated cell death in response to genotoxic stress is another group of cell defense mechanisms. Naked mole rat skin fibroblasts were demonstrated to be much more resistant towards proapoptotic reagents methyl methanesulfonate, 5-fluorouracil and etoposide as compared with fibroblasts of Mus musculus . Naked mole rat cells have demonstrated limited apoptotic response and seem to undergo also other-type regulated cell death under severe genotoxic stress.
We present the work on development of the millimeter wavelength accelerating structure (also called the W-band structure). It consists of cylindrical cavities with the operating frequency of 96 GHz.

The structure will be excited by the picosecond electron beam from the photocathode RF gun. In order to define exactly both the structure and the exciting beam parameters, analytical estimations and simulations of the structure excitation were performed. For the successful propagation of the exciting beam through it, focusing system is needed. It is proposed to use the permanent magnets producing solenoidal field, their preliminary design being discussed.

Prototype of the millimeter wavelength structure has been manufactured, its first measurements are presented.
Three new closely related CoII YIII complexes of general formula [Co(μ-L)(μ-X)Y(NO3 )2 ] (X- =NO3- 1, benzoate 2, or 9-anthracenecarboxylato 3) have been prepared with the compartmental ligand N,N',N''-trimethyl-N,N''-bis(2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methylbenzyl)diethylenetriamine (H2 L). In these complexes, CoII and YIII are triply bridged by two phenoxide groups belonging to the di-deprotonated ligand (L2- ) and one ancillary anion X- . The change of the ancillary bridging group connecting CoII and YIII ions induces small differences in the trigonally distorted CoN3 O3 coordination sphere with a concomitant tuning of the magnetic anisotropy and intermolecular interactions. Direct current magnetic, high-frequency and -field EPR (HFEPR), frequency domain Fourier transform THz electron paramagnetic resonance (FD-FT THz-EPR) measurements, and ab initio theoretical calculations demonstrate that CoII ions in compounds 1-3 have large and positive D values (≈50 cm-1 ), which decrease with increasing the distortion of the pseudo-octahedral CoII coordination sphere. Dynamic ac magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate that compound 1 exhibits field-induced single-molecule magnet (SMM) behavior, whereas compounds 2 and 3 only display this behavior when they are magnetically diluted with diamagnetic ZnII (Zn/Co=10:1). In view of this, it is always advisable to use magnetically diluted complexes, in which intermolecular interactions and quantum tunneling of magnetism (QTM) would be at least partly suppressed, so that "hidden single-ion magnet (SIM)" behavior could emerge. Field- and temperature-dependence of the relaxation times indicate the prevalence of the Raman process in all these complexes above approximately 3 K.
Accuracy of the horizontal well placement in the target reservoir becomes essential for efficient oilfield development. Geosteering of a well with a complex trajectory is performed using real-time geophysical data obtained while drilling. The presented work is devoted to the development of a new software for horizontal oil and gas wells geosteering. Algorithms based on logging data correlation and electromagnetic logging data numerical inversion methods are used for well placement. The developed application is based on web-technologies and has a client-server architecture. To optimize the resource-intensive calculations execution time, high-performance cloud computing is used.
An experimental setup was developed to study the vaporization and dynamics of liquid droplets, blown by the gas flow in a mini-channel. The shadow method was the main method of measurement; a drop was also observed from the top. A series of experiments was carried out with single water drops with volumes varying from 60 to 150 gl in the channel of 6 mm height on the polished stainless steel substrate. The experiments have resulted in the dependences of evaporation rate in the temperature range of the substrate surface from 25 to 70°C and Reynolds numbers of the gas flow from 0 to 2500. The advancing and receding contact angles were measured depending on the Re number of the gas flow. The gas flow rate at which the droplet motion over the substrate starts was determined depending on the surface temperature at different drop volumes.
Военное судопроизводство в армейских частях на территории Сибири в XVIII в.: официальный механизм и реальная практика Статья посвящена рассмотрению деятельности органов военного судопроизводства в частях русской регулярной армии, дислоцированных в Сибири в XVIII в.Выявлены особенности функционирования этих органов в процессе рассмотрения дел обвиняемых и вынесения приговоров.Установлено, что вышестоящие инстанции (командование Сибирского корпуса, генерал-аудиторская экспедиция Военной коллегии) зачастую смягчали приговоры, выносимые полковыми судами тех воинских частей, где служили обвиняемые.В ряде случаев дисциплинарную ответственность за проступки своих подчиненных также несли их командиры, в некоторых эпизодах к участию в процедурах следствия и суда подключались гражданские власти.Ключевые слова:
A technique for calculating two-dimensional detonation flows in a system consisting of a reacting gas mixture and inert particles has been developed to analyze problems related to the suppression of cellular detonation.

The calculations were carried out for a two-dimensional inviscid model using the ANSYS Fluent software. The interaction with particles of diameter 100 μm with a volume concentration of 10−4 ÷ 10-2 was investigated.

The results of numerical simulation of the interaction of a cellular detonation wave with a cloud of fixed isothermal particles are presented. The volume concentrations leading to a change in the size of the detonation cell, attenuation of the detonation wave, and detonation failure were obtained.
We report the observation of B(s)⁰→J/ψf₀(980) and evidence for B(s)⁰→J/ψf₀(1370), which are CP eigenstate decay modes.

These results are obtained from 121.4 fb⁻¹ of data collected at the Υ(5S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB e(+)e⁻ collider.

We measure the branching fractions B(B(s)⁰→J/ψf₀(980); f₀(980)→π(+)π⁻)=(1.16(-0.19)(+0.31)(stat)(-0.17)(+0.15)(syst)(-0.18)(+0.26)(N(B(s)((*))B(s)((*)))))×10⁻⁴ with a significance of 8.4σ, and B(B(s)⁰→J/ψf₀(1370); f₀(1370)→π(+)π⁻)=(0.34(-0.14)(+0.11)(stat)(-0.02)(+0.03)(syst)(-0.05)(+0.08)(N(B(s)((*))B(s)((*)))))×10⁻⁴ with a significance of 4.2σ. The last error listed is due to uncertainty in the number of produced B(s)((*))B(s)((*)) pairs.
Even though general ideas for calculating the volumes of cone-manifolds are around, since there is no concrete calculation written

We calculate the volumes of the hyperbolic twist knot cone-manifolds using the Schläfli formula. We express the length of the singular locus in terms of the distance between the two axes fixed by two generators. In this way the calculation becomes easier than using the singular locus directly.

The volumes of the hyperbolic twist knot cone-manifolds simpler than Stevedore's knot are known. As an application, we give the volumes of the cyclic coverings over the hyperbolic twist knots.
A review of the astronomical data of several last years on an astonishingly high amount of blackholes in the contemporary and early (z∼10) universe is presented. Also the data on the recentlyobserved peculiar stars in the Galaxy are discussed.

A mechanism of 1993 anticipating all these phenomena and predicting an extended log-normalmass spectrum of PBH is described.

It is argued that practically all black holes inthe universe are primordial (PBH) and suggested that an inverted picture of the galaxy formationis realized: supermassive black holes were formed prior to galaxy formation and subsequentlyseeded the latter. Possibilities of cosmological dark matter consisting of primordial black holesand of abundant cosmological antimatter are considered.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk prediction models are used in Western European countries, but less so in Eastern European countries where rates of CVD can be two to four times higher. We recalibrated the SCORE prediction model for three Eastern European countries and evaluated the impact of adding seven behavioural and psychosocial risk factors to the model.
When analyzing a 1D time series, it is traditional to represent it as the sum of the trend, cyclical components and noise. The trend is seen as an external influence. However, the impact can be not only additive, but also multiplicative. In this case, not only the level changes, but also the amplitude of the cyclic components. In the PCA-Seq method, a generalization of SSA, it is possible to pre-standardize fragments of a time series to solve this problem. The algorithm is applied to the Anderson series – a sign alternating version of the well-known Wolf series, reflecting the 22-year Hale cycle. The existence of this cycle is not disputed at high solar activity, but there are doubts about the constancy of its period at this time, as well as its existence during the epoch of low solar activity. The processing of the series by the PCA-Seq method revealed clear oscillations fluctuations of almost constant amplitude with an average period of 21.9 years, and it was found that the correlation of these oscillations with the time axis for 300 years does not differ significantly from zero. This confirms the hypothesis of the existence of 22-year oscillations in solar activity even at its minima, like the Maunder minimum.
Aim: To study the effects of metformin in prediabetes.Methods: This was an observational, non-interventional, uncontrolled study of the effects of the immediate-release formulation of metformin in 551 people with pre-diabetes, according to diagnostic criteria from the American Diabetes Association (ADA). Results:The study population was predominantly female (66%), and on average was middle-aged (mean age 54 [SD 12] years) and obese (mean body mass index 32 kg/m2 [SD 6]) at baseline.Treatment with metformin for 12 weeks was associated with a mean reduction in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) of -0.8 mmol/L (95%CI -0.8 to -0.9) from a baseline value of 6.3 mmol/L (SD 0.5).FPG was normalised, according to ADA criteria (75% in 93% of the population).Metformin was well tolerated, with common finding of mild-to-moderate gastrointestinal side-effects, as expected. Conclusion:These real-world data add further evidence in support for a role for metformin in the management of people with prediabetes.
This article is devoted to the research of theoretical and practical aspects of the procedure of striking off the Register. The article shows the fundamental bases for striking off the Register, the striking off procedure, the law-enforcement practice and conclusions about the legal nature of striking off the Register of legal entities.
We consider a six-dimensional (1,0) hypermultiplet model coupled to an external field of vector/tensor system and study the structure of the low-energy effective action of this model. Manifestly a (1,0) supersymmetric procedure of computing the effective action is developed in the framework of the superfield proper-time technique. The leading low-energy contribution to the effective action is calculated.
УДК 616.379-008.64-71ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ ДИАГНОСТИКИ НАРУШЕНИЙ РЕОЛОГИИ У БОЛЬНЫХ САХАРНЫМ ДИАБЕТОМ 2 ТИПА Кручинина М.В. 1 , Громов А.А. 1 , Паруликова М.В. 1 , Головин М.Г. 1 , Баум В.А. 1 , Генералов В.М. 2 , Генералов К.В. 2 , Кручинин В.Н. 3 1 Научно-исследовательский институт терапии и профилактической медицины -филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук», Новосибирск
The existence of spiral structures was directly confirmed experimentally on the basis of 3D Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) measurements both in a strongly swirling non-reacting jet and in a fuel-lean premixed methane-air flame. Flows were characterized by the presence of vortex breakdown and precession of the vortex core.

The differences in magnitude and spatial distribution of flow eigenmodes with distance from the nozzle are analyzed by using Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) based on Spatial Fourier Transform over azimuthal coordinate.

The analysis of flow eigenmodes reveal that for a high-swirl isothermal jet, the vortex core co-existed with the pair of counter-rotating helical vortices, which were located in outer shear layer and inside the recirculation zone. This double-vortex helical structure was also detected in a swirling flame, but its magnitude was suppressed compared with isothermal flow. It was determined that the change in the shape of the chemical reaction area was associated with two types of large-scale coherent structures: nearly axisymmetric mode m = 0 of the flame front deformation, presumably due to the effect of buoyancy forces on the combustion products, and the quasi-solid rotation of the asymmetric global mode |m| = 1 in the form of double-vortex structure due to precession of the swirling flow. It was shown that the energy of the axisymmetric mode m = 0 in a reacting jet increased downstream by almost 10 %, unlike other modes, whose energy was only diminished.