Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Currently, the economy should develop along an innovative way of development with an increase in the efficiency of the use of natural resources and a decrease in negative impacts on the environment to ensure stable economic growth and improve the quality of life of the population. The dynamics of greenhouse gas emissions in Russia are contemporaneously influenced by many different factors, such as the industry structure of the economy, the structure of the fuel and energy balance, the level of technological equipment, and the situation in world markets.

The purpose of the study is to assess the environmental and energy effects that affect the environment and energy intensity in the country. Our analysis showed that the dynamics of CO2 emissions in Russia are determined primarily by the growth rates of the population's well-being and by the growth of industrial production.

At the same time, in the period 2000-2012, the effect of welfare growth was partially offset by a decrease in the energy intensity of the economy, but then the potential for reducing energy intensity due to changes in the structure of the economy was exhausted. The contribution of the technological factor is also insufficient. So for the period 2000-2017, the improvement of technologies in the field of heat and electric energy production from fossil energy sources made it possible to reduce CO2 emissions by only 33 million tons. Another significant constraint to the transition to a low-carbon trajectory of development is the low rate of implementation of energy-saving technologies in the production of energy-intensive industrial products, maintenance of residential and public buildings.
Ion channels, localized in cells with different specialization, may participate in the performance of various functions.In the experiments on rats, quantitative PCR has shown that spleen cells express the genes of thermosensitive TRP ion channels (TRPV1, TRPV2, TRPV3, TRPV4, TRPM8, and TRPA1).Experiments in vitro with the addition of an agonist of the TRPM8 ion channel menthol (10 -5 M and 10 -8 M) to the incubation medium indicate the presence of the TRPM8 on immune cells, and its stimulatory effect on the antigen binding, the number of rosette-forming cells doubles under the influence of menthol at concentration of 10 -8 M. Stimulation of the TRPM8 ion channel localized in the skin nerve afferents by menthol (1% L-menthol) also has a stimulating effect on the antigen-binding function of spleen cells without interfering with the additional stimulation of this function when exposed to the TRPM8 agonist directly on spleen cells.The obtained results testify to the important role of the TRPM8 ion channel of different localization (in spleen cells and in the peripheral sensory neurons) in the regulation of the antigen binding function in the spleen.This indicates new moments of the neuro-immune interaction.
The article shows the results of calculations necessary for testing to approve the space qualified electric field probe used in outer space. A special electric field probe calibration setup was developed and manufactured, which allows testing a space qualified electric field probe in the entire measurement range (from ± 0.1 to ± 200 kV/m) under low (-80 °C) and high (+72 °C) temperatures and at reduced pressure of 1.3 · 10 -3 Pa (10 -5 torr). Metrological tests of the probes batch, calibrated by the space qualified electric field probe calibrator, performed at the verification equipment under normal conditions, showed that the maximum error of the electric field probe does not exceed 15% in the entire measurements range which will increase the accuracy of determining the satellite surface charging parameters and help in designing modern spacecrafts.
We propose a general analytical method for estimation of the saturable absorber output energy as a function of the input energy. The method is based on a representation of the saturable absorber output energy as a series of powers of the recovery time. We also derive a simplified expression of the saturable absorber output energy that gives a good approximation for large input energies. The analytical results are verified by the numerical simulation.

The results have been applied to the particular cases of an input function that include the Gaussian input pulse and the hyperbolic secant input pulse. We show that the analytical results can improve the prediction of the output energy in the fiber lasers.
We investigate electron transport through the interface between a niobium superconductor and the edge of a two-dimensional semimetal, realized in a 20~nm wide HgTe quantum well.

Experimentally, we observe that typical behavior of a single Andreev contact is complicated by both a pronounced zero-bias resistance anomaly and shallow subgap resistance oscillations with $1/n$ periodicity. These results are demonstrated to be independent of the superconducting material and should be regarded as specific to a 2D semimetal in a proximity with a superconductor.

We interpret these effects to originate from the Andreev-like correlated process at the edge of a two-dimensional semimetal.
N/C-Hydroxylated spirofused derivatives of 2,5-dihydroimidazole which were synthesized by condensation of 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexanone with aryl hydroxylaminoalkyl ketones in the presence of ammonia

were determined to be trans-ee-isomers of 1,4-cyclohexane framework by NMR spectroscopy.Oxidation of the cyclic hydroxylamino moiety followed by acylation of the phenolic hydroxyl group with 4-alkyloxybenzoic acid chlorides

led to the corresponding spirocyclic nitroxides bearing two mesogenic fragments.
Implementation of innovative projects at first stages is associated with risks determined by high uncertainty of cash flows. As such, the application of standard methods to analyze the project’s economic efficiency does not allow us to give reliable estimates of the forecast dynamics of economic indicators. All this requires the development of special techniques for the analysis of the effectiveness of innovation spending. The use of real options as well as fuzzy sets approach seems to be a basic conceptual focus for the further improvement of these methods. The paper contains the results of the effectiveness estimation for an innovative project aimed at establishing motor fuel production from high energy biomass with the use of option and fuzzy sets analysis. The use of the proposed fuzzy sets methods makes it possible to complement the traditional financial analysis and quantitatively estimates sustainability of different indicators of the innovative project efficiency to a change in exogenous parameters. Besides, it could be rather useful to identify the project’s bottlenecks. Moreover, the application of this method allows to quantitatively estimate reliability of the calculated project effectiveness indicators. Hardly can such estimations be made by means of traditional methods of financial analysis; either low or high reliability of the obtained effectiveness indicators could serve as an additional argument in favor of negative or positive decision on the project finance, allowing a venture capital fund to allocate the resources among the analyzed innovative projects more efficiently. On the whole, the use of the real options combined with the fuzzy sets method is sure to expand venture capital tools used for financial justification of submitted projects.
The paper deals with initial-boundary value problems for linear non-autonomous first order hyperbolic systems whose solutions stabilize to zero in a finite time. We prove that problems in this class remain exponentially stable in $L^2$ as well as in $C^1$ under small bounded perturbations. To show this for $C^1$, we prove a general smoothing result implying that the solutions to the perturbed problems become eventually $C^1$-smooth for any $L^2$-initial data.
Vascular calcification is a distinctive feature of cardiovascular diseases of atherosclerotic origin.

Visualization of calcifications is carried out by invasive and non-invasive methods. The article presents a brief description of the methods of visualization of vascular calcium and a review of studies on the relationship of calcification with the risk of long-term adverse cardiovascular events.

Knowledge of the presence and degree of calcification can predict clinical outcomes in patients at high risk of coronary events, help in the prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease.
We studied the effect of the HLDF differentiation factor on production of cytokines by biopsy samples of nonmalignant breast diseases (ND) and invasive breast carcinoma of no special type (IBC-NST), in the absence and presence of lymphogenic metastasis

IBC-NST patients were subdivided into groups on the prognostic protocol of the 8th edition of the AJCC committee...Concentrations of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, IL-18, IL-1β, IL-1Ra, TNF-α, IFN-γ, G-CSF, GM-CSF, VEGF and MCP-1 were assayed in supernatants of biopsy specimens of breast tissue

Results have shown that with IBC-NST, a statistically significantly higher level of spontaneous production by biopsy specimens of IL-17, IL-18, IFN-γ and VEGF, and a lower level of SP IL-6 as compared with ND...The HLDF effect on the cytokine production by the tumor and its microenvironment was different in ND patients and IBC-NST patients
Uracil-DNA glycosylases are enzymes that excise uracil bases appearing in DNA as a result of cytosine deamination or accidental dUMP incorporation from the dUTP pool. The activity of Family 1 uracil-DNA glycosylase (UNG) activity limits the efficiency of antimetabolite drugs and is essential for virulence in some bacterial and viral infections. Thus, UNG is regarded as a promising target for antitumor, antiviral, antibacterial, and antiprotozoal drugs. Most UNG inhibitors presently developed are based on the uracil base linked to various substituents, yet new pharmacophores are wanted to target a wide range of UNGs. We have conducted virtual screening of a 1,027,767-ligand library and biochemically screened the best hits for the inhibitory activity against human and vaccinia virus UNG enzymes. Although even the best inhibitors had IC50 ≥ 100 μM, they were highly enriched in a common fragment, tetrahydro-2,4,6-trioxopyrimidinylidene (PyO3). In silico, PyO3 preferably docked into the enzyme's active site, and in kinetic experiments, the inhibition was better consistent with the competitive mechanism. The toxicity of two best inhibitors for human cells was independent of the presence of methotrexate, which is consistent with the hypothesis that dUMP in genomic DNA is less toxic for the cell than strand breaks arising from the massive removal of uracil. We conclude that PyO3 may be a novel pharmacophore with the potential for development into UNG-targeting agents.
Впервые изучены нуклеотидные последовательности ITS1 кластера генов рРНК марит черноморских трематод Cainocreadium flesi Korniychuk & Gaevskaya, 2000 от камбалы глоссы Platichthys flesus (депонированы в GenBank с номерами MG980645, MG980646), Cainocreadium sp. от морского налима Gaidropsarus mediterraneus (MG980643, MG980644, MK248037, MK248038) и Helicometra fasciata (Rud., 1819) от собачки-павлина Salaria pavo (MG980647, MG980648). ITS1-последовательности черноморских трематод C. flesi и Cainocreadium sp. оказались идентичными, однако, ввиду морфологических отличий между этими гостальными морфами, видовой статус трематод от морского налима пока не определён. По четырём позициям ITS1-последовательности черноморских Cainocreadium отличались от аналогичных последовательностей, описанных у церкарий близкородственного средиземноморского вида, C. labracis. Пять инсерций-делеций и 38 нуклеотидных замен отличают ITS1-последовательности черноморских Cainocreadium от аналогичных последовательностей представителей ещё одного средиземноморского вида этого рода, C. dentecis. ITS1-последовательности черноморских и средиземноморских образцов H. fasciata также различаются: выявлено пять нуклеотидных замен и 11 инсерций-делеций.
Currently, a new generation of high-speed, information-intensive resistive memory based on nonstoichiometric dielectrics is being developed. The electron structure of nonstoichiometric silicon oxide SiO x is set by the value of parameter x . It is found that the treatment of thermal SiO 2 in hydrogen plasma electron cyclotron resonance leads to the enrichment of silicon oxide with excess silicon, which in turn leads to the appearance of electron and hole traps in SiO x . SiO x conductivity is bipolar: electrons are injected from negatively biased silicon and holes are injected from positively biased silicon. Cathodoluminescence (CL) experiments confirm the assumption that the traps in SiO x are due to the excess silicon. p ++-Si(100)/SiO x /Ni memristor metal-dielectric-semiconductor (MDS) structures are fabricated based on the developed procedure for the preparation of nonstoichiometric oxide in hydrogen plasma of electron cyclotron resonance. Such structures have the properties of resistive switching of SiO x that do not require a forming operation.
We consider emission of a photon by an electron in the field of a strong laser wave. Polarization effects in this process are important for a number of physical problems. A probability of this process for circularly or linearly polarized laser photons and for arbitrary polarization of all other particles is calculated. We obtain the complete set of functions which describe such a probability in a compact invariant form. Besides, we discuss in some detail the polarization effects in the kinematics relevant to the problem of electron to photon conversion at photon-photon and photon-electron colliders.
We present preliminary results of a latest measurement at Belle, the branching fraction of rare tau decay, \tau^- \rightarrow \pi^- \nu_{\tau} \ell^+ \ell^- τ−→π−ντℓ+ℓ− ( \ell = e ℓ=e or \mu μ ), using a 562 \rm fb^{-1} data set. The branching fraction of \tau^- \rightarrow \pi^- e^+ e^- \nu_\tau τ−→π−e+e−ντ is measured to be \mathbf{ \mathcal{B}(\tau^-\rightarrow \pi^- e^+ e^- \nu_\tau) = (2.11 \pm 0.19 \pm 0.30) \times 10^{-5}} ℬ(𝛕−→𝛑−𝐞+𝐞−𝛎𝛕)=(2.11±0.19±0.30)×10−5 , where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. An upper limit is set on the branching fraction of \tau^- \rightarrow \pi^- \mu^+ \mu^- \nu_\tau τ−→π−μ+μ−ντ , \mathbf{\mathcal{B}(\tau^-\rightarrow \pi^- \mu^+ \mu^- \nu_\tau) < 1.06 \times 10^{-5}} ℬ(𝛕−→𝛑−𝛍+𝛍−𝛎𝛕)<1.06×10−5 , at 90% confidence level.
This study presented a method of Korean speaking education using Google Expeditions, which can complement the reality of Korean language education in Russia.

The following factors have been considered to introduce Google Expeditions to the class. First, the teacher should handle Google Expeditions skillfully and cope with unexpected situations so that there is no disruption in the course of the class. Second, students should integrate well with existing teaching methods so that they don't feel rejection towards Google Expeditions (new technologies). Third, the strength of Google Expeditions should have a positive impact on the educational effect. To design education using virtual reality, 'the essential principles of virtual reality education' (the principle of interaction, the principle of practicality and the principle of preparation) were adopted. The 'Multimedia-based Courseware Design Strategies' (Goal, Teaching Content, Personalization, Judgment of what is right or wrong, Feedback, Closing) were adopted to design classes with software for curriculum. The content of the class was 'Sejong Korean Conversation 1,' a textbook written by a professional organization.

Based on these three factors, the ways to teach Korean speaking using Google Expeditions were explored and examples were presented.
Natural glucocorticoid hydrocortisone was suggested as a potent substitution for dexamethasone in the treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in neonates. The aim of this study was to investigate whether hydrocortisone is able to affect the expression of apoptotic genes and the intensity of naturally occurring cell death in the developing rat hippocampus. Hormone treatment decreased procaspase-3 and active caspase-3 levels as well as DNA fragmentation intensity in the hippocampal formation of one-week-old rats in 6 h after injection. These changes were accompanied by an upregulation of antiapoptotic protein Bcl-XL, while expression of proapoptotic protein Bax remained unchanged. The action of hydrocortisone was glucocorticoid receptor-independent, as the selective glucocorticoid receptor agonist dexamethasone did not affect either apoptotic protein levels or DNA fragmentation intensity in the hippocampal region. The data are the first evidences for in vivo antiapoptotic effects of hydrocortisone in the developing hippocampus.
The study of the L- and D-amino acid properties in proteins and peptides has attracted considerable attention in recent years, as the replacement of even one L-amino acid by its D-analogue due to aging of the body is resulted in a number of pathological conditions, including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. A recent trend is using short model systems to study the peculiarities of proteins with D-amino acids. In this report, the comparison of the excited states quenching of L- and D-tryptophan (Trp) in a model donor–acceptor dyad with (R)- and (S)-ketoprofen (KP-Trp) was carried out by photochemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (CIDNP) and fluorescence spectroscopy. Quenching of the Trp excited states, which occurs via two mechanisms: prevailing resonance energy transfer (RET) and electron transfer (ET), indeed demonstrates some peculiarities for all three studied configurations of the dyad: (R,S)-, (S,R)-, and (S,S)-. Thus, the ET efficiency is identical for (S,R)- and (R,S)-enantiomers, while RET differs by 1.6 times. For (S,S)-, the CIDNP coefficient is almost an order of magnitude greater than for (R,S)- and (S,R)-. To understand the source of this difference, hyperpolarization of (S,S)-and (R,S)- has been calculated using theory involving the electron dipole–dipole interaction in the secular equation.
We study theoretically and numerically the dynamics of a passive optical fiber ring cavity pumped by a highly incoherent wave: an incoherently injected fiber laser.

The theoretical analysis reveals that the turbulent dynamics of the cavity is dominated by the Raman effect. The forced-dissipative nature of the fiber cavity is responsible for a large diversity of turbulent behaviors: Aside from nonequilibrium statistical stationary states, we report the formation of a periodic pattern of spectral incoherent solitons, or the formation of different types of spectral singularities, e.g., dispersive shock waves and incoherent spectral collapse behaviors. We derive a mean-field kinetic equation that describes in detail the different turbulent regimes of the cavity and whose structure is formally analogous to the weak Langmuir turbulence kinetic equation in the presence of forcing and damping. A quantitative agreement is obtained between the simulations of the nonlinear Schr"odinger equation with cavity boundary conditions and those of the mean-field kinetic equation and the corresponding singular integrodifferential reduction, without using adjustable parameters.

We discuss the possible realization of a fiber cavity experimental setup in which the theoretical predictions can be observed and studied.
The TATA-binding protein (TBP) is a key part of the transcription complex of RNA polymerase II. Alone or as a part of the basal transcription factor TFIID, TBP binds the TATA box located in the core region of the TATA-containing promoters of class II genes. Previously, we studied the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on TBP/TATA-box interactions using gel retardation assay. It was demonstrated that most SNPs in the TATA boxes of some human gene promoters cause a 2- to 4-fold decrease in TBP/TATA affinity, which is associated with an increased risk of hereditary diseases, such as β thalassemias of diverse severity, hemophilia B Leyden, myocardial infarction, thrombophlebitis, lung cancer, etc.

In this work, the process of TBP/TATA complex formation has been studied in real time by a stopped-flow technique using recombinant human TBP and duplexes, which were identical to the TATA box of the wild-type and a SNP-containing triosephosphate isomerase gene promoter and were fluorescently labeled by the Cy3/Cy5 FRET pair.

It has been demonstrated for the first time that real-time binding of TBP to the TATA box of the TPI gene promoter is complete within 10 s and is described by a single-stage kinetic model. The complex formation of TBP with the wild-type TATA box occurs 5.5 times faster and the complex dissociation occurs 31 times slower compared with the SNPcontaining TATA box. Within the first seconds of the interaction, TBP binds to and simultaneously bends the TATA box. Importantly, the TATA box of the wild-type TPI gene promoter requires lower TBP concentrations compared to the TATA box containing the -24T → G SNP, which is associated with neurological and muscular disorders, cardiomyopathy, and other diseases.
In contrast to the previously known orthorhombic form of L-cysteinium semioxalate, (I) has a layered structure resembling those of monoclinic L-cysteine, as well as of DL-cysteine and its oxalates.

The title compound, C(3)H(8)NO(2)S(+)·C(2)HO(4)(-), (I), crystallizes in the monoclinic C2 space group and is a new form (possibly a hydrate) of L-cysteinium semioxalate with a stoichiometric cation-anion ratio of 1:1. The structure of (I) has voids with a size sufficient to incorporate water molecules.

The conformations of the cysteinium cation and the oxalate anion in (I) differ substantially from those in the orthorhombic form. The residual density, however, suggests that if water is in fact present in the voids, it is strongly disordered and its amount does not exceed 0.3 molecules per void. The difference in conformation of the cysteinium cations in (I) and in the orthorhombic form is similar to that in DL-cysteine under ambient conditions and in DL-cysteine under high pressure or at low temperature.
Spin hyperpolarization can be coherently transferred to other nuclei in field-cycling NMR experiments. At low magnetic fields spin polarization is redistributed in a strongly coupled network of spins. Polarization transfer is most efficient at fields where level anti-crossings (LACs) occur for the nuclear spin-states. A further condition is that field switching to the LAC positions is non-adiabatic in order to convert the starting population differences into spin coherences that cause time-dependent mixing of states. The power of this method has been demonstrated by studying transfer of photo-Chemically Induced Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (photo-CIDNP) in N-acetyl-tryptophan. We have investigated the magnetic field dependence and time dependence of coherent CIDNP transfer and directly assessed nuclear spin LACs by studying polarization transfer at specific field positions. The proposed approach based on LACs is not limited to CIDNP but is advantageous for enhancing NMR signals by spin order transfer from any type of hyper-polarized nuclei.