Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
In 1955, Kotzig proved that every 3-connected planar graph has an edge with the degree sum of its end vertices at most 13, which is tight.An edge uv is of type (i, j) if d(u) ≤ i and d(v) ≤ j.Borodin (1991) proved that every normal plane map contains an edge of one of the types (3, 10), (4, 7), or (5, 6), which is tight.Cole, Kowalik, and Škrekovski (2007) deduced from this result by Borodin that Kotzig's bound of 13 is valid for all planar graphs with minimum degree δ at least 2 in which every d-vertex, d ≥ 12, has at most d -11 neighbors of degree 2.

We give a common extension of the three above results by proving for any integer t ≥ 1 that every plane graph with δ ≥ 2 and no d-vertex, d ≥ 11 + t, having more than d -11 neighbors of degree 2

has an edge of one of the following types: (2, 10 + t), (3, 10), (4, 7), or (5, 6), where all parameters are tight.
Copper perchlorophthalocyanine (CuPcCl 16 , CuC 32 N 8 Cl 16 , Pigment Green 7) is one of the commercially most important green pigments. The compound is a nanocrystalline fully insoluble powder. Its crystal structure was first addressed by electron diffraction in 1972 [Uyeda et al. (1972). J. Appl. Phys. 43 , 5181–5189]. Despite the commercial importance of the compound, the crystal structure remained undetermined until now.

Using a special vacuum sublimation technique, micron-sized crystals could be obtained. Three-dimensional electron diffraction (3D ED) data were collected in two ways: (i) in static geometry using a combined stage-tilt/beam-tilt collection scheme and (ii) in continuous rotation mode. Both types of data allowed the crystal structure to be solved by direct methods. The structure was refined kinematically with anisotropic displacement parameters for all atoms. Due to the pronounced crystal mosaicity, a dynamic refinement was not feasible. The unit-cell parameters were verified by Rietveld refinement from powder X-ray diffraction data. The crystal structure was validated by many-body dispersion density functional theory (DFT) calculations.

CuPcCl 16 crystallizes in the space group C 2/ m ( Z = 2), with the molecules arranged in layers. The structure agrees with that proposed in 1972.
Parthenogenesis, unisexuality and triploidy are interesting but poorly studied phenomena occurring in some reptile species. The mourning gecko (Lepidodactylus lugubris) represents a complex of diploid and triploid parthenogenetic mostly all-female populations (males occur quite rarely) widely distributed in coastal areas of the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Here, we study karyotypes of a male and two female L. lugubris (LLU) triploid individuals (3n = 66) using comparative painting with Gekko japonicus, Hemidactylus turcicus and H. platyurus chromosome specific probes to visualize the homologous regions and to reveal genus specific rearrangements. Also, we applied a 28S ribosomal DNA probe and Ag-staining to detect nucleolus organizer regions (NORs). Our results suggest that the karyotype of L. lugubris underwent a chromosome fission and a fusion after its divergence from a common ancestor of the Gekko-Hemidactylus group. The NORs were found to be located on one out of three homologs on each of LLU8, LLU15 and LLU18, thus further confirming a hybrid origin of triploid individuals. It seems that three different bisexual populations might have contributed to the origin of this triploid parthenogenetic population. We postulate that the heterozygosity in NOR localization is maintained in the triploid clone studied by the absence of recombination as described in whiptail lizards. The pattern of NOR localizations and homologous regions in males and females, as well as the absence of other detectable karyotypic differences, suggest that males arise spontaneously in all female populations and do not arise from independent hybridizations with different species.
A mechanism of creation of stellar-like objects in the very early universe, from the QCD phase transition till BBN and somewhat later, is studied.

It is argued that in the considered process primordial black holes with masses above a few solar masses up to super-heavy ones could be created.

This may explain an early quasar creation with evolved chemistry in surrounding medium and the low mass cutoff of the observed black holes. It is also shown that dense primordial stars can be created at the considered epoch. Such stars could later become very early supernovae and in particular high redshift gamma-bursters. In a version of the model some of the created objects can consist of antimatter.
The purpose of the study is to analyze two Russian titles of J. Austen’s novel Sense and Sensibility translated by Irina G. Gurova (1988) and Alla Yu. Frolova (2013). The meanings of the lexemes sense and sensibility in English (in the 18–19th centuries and nowadays) are compared with the meanings of their corresponding translations in the modern Russian language. The most important meanings of the Russian lexemes are identified by using associative databases: Russian regional associative dictionary-thesaurus EVRAS (Institute of Linguistics, RAS) and Russian regional associative database SIBAS (Institute of Linguistics, RAS; Institute of Philology, SB RAS; Novosibirsk State University). In the conclusion «Разум и чувство» [razum i chuvstvo] (i.e. Reason and Feeling) by Alla Yu. Frolova is argued to be the best relevant translation of the novel title. The author of the article also suggests her own possible Russian versions of the novel title, not only taking into account the opposition of the rational and irrational components, but also reflecting the alliteration that takes place in the English original. The analysis is a part of a larger research based on studying the full-text versions of J. Austen’s novel Sense and Sensibility done by Russian and French translators.
Time-dependent CP violation is measured in the $B^0\rightarrow J/ψπ^+π^-$ channel for each $π^+π^-$ resonant final state using data collected with an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb$^{-1}$ in $pp$ collisions using the LHCb detector. The final state with the largest rate, $J/ψρ^0(770)$, is used to measure the CP-violating angle $2β^{\rm eff}$ to be $(41.7\pm 9.6_{-6.3}^{+2.8})^{\circ}$. This result can be used to limit the size of penguin amplitude contributions to CP violation measurements in, for example, $B_s^0\rightarrow J/ψϕ$ decays. Assuming approximate SU(3) flavour symmetry and neglecting higher order diagrams, the shift in the CP-violating phase $ϕ_s$ is limited to be within the interval [$-1.05^\circ$, +$1.18^\circ$] at 95% confidence level. Changes to the limit due to SU(3) symmetry breaking effects are also discussed.
Paraneoplastic syndromes diagnosed in 7–10% of patients with malignancies in general. PNS accompany bronchogenic lung, breast, ovarian, prostate, kidney and uterus cancers most often. Neoplastic process can cause by both the acute and the chronic inflammatory response with pathologic changes of the connective tissues and vascular in various organs and systems. Diagnosis of paraneoplastic syndromes is difficult often. However, some signs should cause of rheumatologist the oncologic alertness, which were found in patients with rheumatic masks of neoplasms. Among such signs include: the occurrence of rheumatic diseases in an abnormal age; the absence of sexual dimorphism, is typical of many rheumatic diseases; the difference between the severity of clinical manifestations and the general condition of the patient with an index of inflammatory activity; the absence of separate clinical and laboratory signs typical one or another rheumatic disease; the appearance of new symptoms, not characteristic of the rheumatic diseases. As a clinical example to illustrate the difficulty of diagnosis, this article describes a clinical case of adenocarcinoma of the prostate in 74-year-old men presenting as polymyalgia rheumatica.
. Spin relaxation has been at the core of many studies since the early days of NMR, and the undelying theory worked out by its founding fathers. However, this theory has been recently questioned (Bengs and Levitt (2020)) in the light of Linblad theory of quantum Markovian master equations. In this article, we review the conventional approach of quantum mechanical theory of NMR relaxation and show that under the usual assumptions, it is equivalent to the Linblad formulation. We also comment on the debate over semi-classical versus quantum versions of spectral density functions involved in relaxation.
AH is a leader among risk factors of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) due to its high prevalence and serious prognosis. Despite the availability of effective hypotensive drugs and guidelines on AH treatment, 50% of patients do not achieve blood pressure (BP) goals. Knowledge about drug correction of AH in the Russian population is limited to clinical studies.

A random population sample of males and females aged 55-84 (n=3.898) was evaluated in Novosibirsk in 2015-2017 (international project, Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial Factors in Eastern Europe (HAPIEE)). AH was diagnosed in presence of systolic BP ≥140 mm Hg or diastolic BP ≥90 mm Hg and/or treatment with hypotensive drugs within the recent two weeks. Regular intake of medication for 12 months was evaluated with coding according to the Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical Classification System (АТХ / АТС).

In the sample of urban population aged 55-84 in 2015-2017, each fourth participant with AH and each third participant using hypotensive drugs achieved effective BP control. The therapy profile in AH patients included recommended drug classes. However, combination therapy was used insufficiently (50% of AH patients). By frequency of use, ACE inhibitors were on the first place, beta-blockers were on the second place, ARBs were on the third place, diuretics were on the fourth place, and calcium channel blockers were on the fifth place, which differed from the guidelines. 20% of persons with AH did not receive hypotensive therapy, which significantly contributed to the insufficient BP control in the population.
The interaction of trolox with ammonia, alkylamines of different classes, and amino derivatives of heterocyclic compounds, including nitroxyl radicals and alkaloids, led to the production of ammonium salts called ion conjugates (ICs).

Five ICs were characterised by X-ray diffraction. This is the first time a wide range of ICs were made from trolox with amines, and ESI-MS data demonstrated they have the potential to generate pseudomolecular [(A-B+) + H]+ ions.

For all obtained trolox ICs, a significant increase (1-3 orders of magnitude) in water solubility was achieved while retaining high antioxidant activity. ICs synthesised from two biologically active fragments may be used to create polyfunctional agents with varying solubility and bioavailability.
We performed a genome-wide association (GWA) study in 434 sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) patients and 1939 controls from the United Kingdom, Germany and The Netherlands. The findings were replicated in an independent sample of 1109 sCJD and 2264 controls provided by a multinational consortium. From the initial GWA analysis we selected 23 SNPs for further genotyping in 1109 sCJD cases from seven different countries. Five SNPs were significantly associated with sCJD after correction for multiple testing. Subsequently these five SNPs were genotyped in 2264 controls. The pooled analysis, including 1543 sCJD cases and 4203 controls, yielded two genome wide significant results: rs6107516 (p-value=7.62x10-9) a variant tagging the prion protein gene (PRNP); and rs6951643 (p-value=1.66x10-8) tagging the Glutamate Receptor Metabotropic 8 gene (GRM8). Next we analysed the data stratifying by country of origin combining samples from the pooled analysis with genotypes from the 1000 Genomes Project and imputed genotypes from the Rotterdam Study (Total n=12967). The meta-analysis of the results showed that rs6107516 (p-value=3.00x10-8) and rs6951643 (p-value=3.91x10-5) remained as the two most significantly associated SNPs. Rs6951643 is located in an intronic region of GRM8, a gene that was additionally tagged by a cluster of 12 SNPs within our top100 ranked results. GRM8 encodes for mGluR8, a protein which belongs to the metabotropic glutamate receptor family, recently shown to be involved in the transduction of cellular signals triggered by the prion protein. Pathway enrichment analyses performed with both Ingenuity Pathway Analysis and ALIGATOR postulates glutamate receptor signalling as one of the main pathways associated with sCJD. In summary, we have detected GRM8 as a novel, non-PRNP, genome-wide significant marker associated with heightened disease risk, providing additional evidence supporting a role of glutamate receptors in sCJD pathogenesis.
The thermoelectric response of HgTe quantum wells in the state of two-dimensional topological insulator (2D TI) has been studied experimentally. Ambipolar thermopower, typical for an electron–hole system, has been observed across the charge neutrality point, where the carrier type changes from electrons to holes according to the resistance measurements. The hole-type thermopower is much stronger than the electron-type one. The thermopower linearly increases with temperature. We present a theoretical model which accounts for both the edge and bulk contributions to the electrical conductivity and thermoelectric effect in a 2D TI, including the effects of edge to bulk leakage. The model, contrary to previous theoretical studies, demonstrates that the 2D TI is not expected to show anomalies of thermopower near the band conductivity threshold, which is consistent with our experimental results. Based on the experimental data and theoretical analysis, we conclude that the observed thermopower is mostly of the bulk origin, while the resistance is determined by both the edge and bulk transport.
The silent information regulator 1 (Sirt1) has been shown to have negative effects on the Notch pathway in several contexts.

We bring evidence that Sirt1 has a positive effect on Notch activation in Drosophila, in the context of sensory organ precursor specification and during wing development. The phenotype of Sirt1 mutant resembles weak Notch loss-of-function phenotypes, and genetic interactions of Sirt1 with the components of the Notch pathway also suggest a positive role for Sirt1 in Notch signalling. Sirt1 is necessary for the efficient activation of enhancer of split [E(spl)] genes by Notch in S2N cells. Additionally, the Notch-dependent response of several E(spl) genes is sensitive to metabolic stress caused by 2-deoxy-d-glucose treatment, in a Sirt1-dependent manner. We found Sirt1 associated with several proteins involved in Notch repression as well as activation, including the cofactor exchange factor Ebi (TBL1), the RLAF/LAF histone chaperone complex and the Tip60 acetylation complex. Moreover, Sirt1 participates in the deacetylation of the CSL transcription factor Suppressor of Hairless.

The role of Sirt1 in Notch signalling is, therefore, more complex than previously recognized, and its diverse effects may be explained by a plethora of Sirt1 substrates involved in the regulation of Notch signalling.
Various approaches are considered in the method of smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) for calculating the volume concentration of gas phase in a liquid during the rarefaction or destruction.

A scheme for calculating the concentration of gas phase, consisting of three stages, is proposed. At low concentrations, the calculation is carried out according to the full model, which includes the laws to describing the concentration dynamics. At high concentration the simplified model is used, when the change in concentration is determined by the dynamics of liquid.

When the maximum concentration is reached, corresponding to a single particle without neighbors, the rate of concentration growth is fixed and the further development of the process is governed by inertia.
Низкоразмерные гетероструктуры с квантовыми ямами и наноостровками, формируемые методом молекулярно-лучевой эпитаксии в системе InSb/AlAs

исследованы с помощью просвечивающей электронной микроскопии и спектроскопии стационарной фотолюминесценции. Структуры выращивались в режимах: поочередного осаждения In и Sb, так называемой атомно-слоевой эпитаксии, и одновременного осаждения материалов (традиционный режим молекулярно-лучевой эпитаксии)

В обоих режимах при номинальном количестве осажденного материала в 1 монослой формируются крупные (200 нм-1 мкм) дефектные островки, расположенные на слое In x Al 1-x Sb y As 1-y квантовой ямы. В гетероструктурах, выращенных в режиме атомно-слоевой эпитаксии, островки окружены кольцевыми массивами значительно более мелких (~10 нм) когерентно напряженных островков, так же состоящих из In x Al 1-x Sb y As 1-y . Состав твердого раствора определяется перемешиванием материалов V группы на стадии осаждения InSb и перемешиванием материалов вследствие сегрегации атомов In и Sb при заращивании слоя InSb арсенидом алюминия
In previous studies, we described a method for detecting and typing malignant tumors of the thyroid gland in fine-needle aspiration biopsy samples via analysis of a molecular marker panel (normalized HMGA2 mRNA level; normalized microRNA-146b, -221, and -375 levels; mitochondrial-to-nuclear DNA ratio; and BRAFV600E mutation) in cytological preparations by quantitative PCR.

In the present study, we aimed to estimate the specificity of the typing of different thyroid tumors by the proposed method. Fine-needle aspiration cytological preparations from 278 patients were used. The histological diagnosis was known for each sample.

The positive and negative predictive values of the method assessed in this study were, respectively, 100% and 98% for papillary thyroid carcinoma (n = 63), 100% and 100% for medullary thyroid carcinoma (n = 19), 43.5% and 98% for follicular carcinoma (n = 15), and 86% and 100% for Hürthle cell carcinoma (n = 6). Thus, we demonstrate that the diagnostic panel, including the analysis of microRNA expression, mRNA expression, the BRAFV600E mutation, and the mitochondrial-to-nuclear DNA ratio, allows the highly accurate identification of papillary thyroid carcinoma, medullary thyroid carcinoma, and Hürthle cell carcinoma but not malignant follicular tumors (positive predictive value was below 50%).
Root stem cell niche functioning requires the formation and maintenance of the specific 'auxin-rich domain' governed by directional auxin transport and local auxin production. Auxin maximum co-localizes with the WOX5 expression domain in the quiescent center that separates mitotically active proximal and distal root meristems.

Here we unravel the interconnected processes happening under WOX5 overexpression by combining in vivo experiments and mathematical modeling.

We showed that WOX5-induced TAA1-mediated auxin biosynthesis is the cause, whereas auxin accumulation, PIN transporters relocation, and auxin redistribution between proximal and distal root meristems are its subsequent effects that influence the formation of the well-described phenotype with an enlarged root cap. These findings helped us to clarify the role of WOX5, which serves as a local QC-specific regulator that activates biosynthesis of non-cell-autonomous signal auxin to regulate the distal meristem functioning. The mathematical model with WOX5-mediated auxin biosynthesis and auxin-regulated cell growth, division, and detachment reproduces the columella cells dynamics in both wild type and under WOX5 dysregulation.
In the framework of the focusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation we study numerically the nonlinear stage of the modulation instability (MI) of the condensate. The development of the MI leads to the formation of 'integrable turbulence' (Zakharov 2009 Stud. Appl. Math. 122 219–34).

We study the time evolution of its major characteristics averaged across realizations of initial data—the condensate solution seeded by small random noise with fixed statistical properties.
We study hard exclusive electroproduction of two pions in the QCD factorization approach at next-to-leading order (NLO) in the strong coupling.The pion pair can be produced both in an isovector and in an isoscalar state.The angular distribution of the produced pion pairs allows one to project out a component that depends on the interference of the isovector and isoscalar channels.

Using specific models for the involved generalized parton distributions and two-pion distribution amplitudes we investigate the angular distributions of the pion pair in NLO and compare them with HERMES data.

The differences between the LO and NLO results are moderate and the agreement with data is satisfactory, though not perfect.Expecting new results from COM-PASS collaboration we perform the calculation also for the COMPASS kinematics.
Prepulse inhibition (PPI), the reduction in acoustic startle produced when it is preceded by a weak prepulse stimulus, is impaired in schizophrenic patients. The DBA/2J mouse strain displayed deficient PPI and is therefore suggested as an experimental animal model for the loss of sensorimotor gating in schizophrenia. Brain serotonin (5‐HT) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of several psychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder and schizophrenia.

In the present study, behavior, 5‐HT transporter (5‐HTT) mRNA level, 5‐HT 1A receptor mRNA level, and 5‐HT 1A receptor density in the brain regions were studied in DBA/2J mice in comparison with four inbred mouse strains (CBA/Lac, C57BL/6, BALB/c, and ICR).

A decrease in 5‐HTT mRNA level in the midbrain and a reduced density of 5‐HT 1A receptors in the frontal cortex without significant changes in 5‐HT 1A receptor mRNA level in DBA/2J mice were found. It was shown that, along with decreased PPI, DBA/2J mice demonstrated considerably reduced immobility in the tail suspension test and in the forced swim test. No significant interstrain differences in intermale aggression, or in light‐dark box and elevated plus‐maze tests, were found. The results suggested the involvement of decreased 5‐HTT gene expression and 5‐HT 1A receptor density in genetically defined PPI deficiency and showed a lack of any association between PPI deficiency and predisposition to aggressive, anxiety, and depressive‐like behaviors.
The first observation of the decay B0 -> D0bar K+ K- is reported from an analysis of 0.62 fb-1 of pp collision data collected with the LHCb detector. Its branching fraction is measured relative to that of the topologically similar decay B0 -> D0bar pi+ pi- to be BR(B0 -> D0bar K+ K-)/BR(B0 -> D0bar pi+ pi-) = 0.056+-0.011+-0.007, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. The significance of the signal is 5.8 sigma. Evidence, with 3.8 sigma significance, for Bs -> D0bar K+ K- decays is also presented, with a relative branching fraction of BR(Bs -> D0bar K+ K-)/BR(B0 -> D0bar K+ K-) = 0.90+-0.27+-0.20.
Based on the molecular-dynamic simulation of the impact of a solid ball on the surface of polycrystalline copper, a method for calculating the dynamic hardness of nanocrystalline materials is proposed. It is proposed to carry out the calculation of hardness by dividing the impact work by the squeezed volume. It is shown that this expression of dynamic hardness is consistent with Meyer hardness in the case of quasistatic indentation. As a result of this simulation, it is shown that under conditions when the diameter of the impactor decreases and approaches the crystal lattice constant of the target, the dynamic hardness increases. Also, in the calculations, the impactor density varied approximately twice, which was equal to the density of steel and the density of tungsten carbide. For a striker diameter of 5 nm, dynamic hardness increases with the speed of the striker and does not depend on its density.