Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Formic acid is a promising liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC) since it has relatively high hydrogen content (4.4 wt%), low inflammability, low toxicity and can be obtained from biomass or from CO2.

The aim of the present research was the creation of efficient 1 wt% Pd catalysts supported on mesoporous graphitic carbon (Sibunit) for the hydrogen production from gas-phase formic acid. For this purpose, the carbon support was modified by pyrolysis of deposited precursors containing pyridinic nitrogen such as melamine (Mel), 2,2′-bipyridine (Bpy) or 1,10-phenanthroline (Phen) at 673 K.

The following activity trend of the catalysts Pd/Mel/C > Pd/C ~ Pd/Bpy/C > Pd/Phen/C was obtained. The activity of the Pd/Mel/C catalyst was by a factor of 4 higher than the activity of the Pd/C catalyst at about 373 K and the apparent activation energy was significantly lower than those for the other catalysts (32 vs. 42–46 kJ/mol). The high activity of the melamine-based samples was explained by a high dispersion of Pd nanoparticles (~2 nm, HRTEM) and their strong electron-deficient character (XPS) provided by interaction of Pd with pyridinic nitrogen species of the support. The presented results can be used for the development of supported Pd catalysts for hydrogen production from different liquid organic hydrogen carriers.
On the basis of the materials of the Sayansky Ostrog (fort), built in the Northern Sayan in 1718, we reconstruct the type of building that was common during the initial stage of the Russian colonization (1600s and 1700s). This is one of the few well preserved Russian forts. While its buildings, their function, and location are known from written sources and from the findings of a complete archaeological excavation, their construction has been hitherto unknown.

To reconstruct their size and appearance, we collated archaeological and ethnographic findings, museum materials, and written evidence about the layout of buildings and construction techniques.

Judging from the totality of data, we suggest the reconstructions of buildings, such as powder magazine, supply depot, barn with cellar, forge, and commandant’s house. We describe traditions and innovations in construction techniques, choice of building materials, details and blocks, layout of floors, ceilings, and roofs. The commandant’s house reproduces the architectural standards of that time, set by Domenico Trezzini, who designed buildings in the capital and in provincial Russian towns.
The magmatic sulfide deposits in the Central Asian orogenic belt are hosted in a series of mafic–ultramafic intrusions in the Maksut zone (E Kazakhstan), the Kalatongke and the Huangshan zones in Xinjiang (NW China) and the Hongqiling zone in NE China. In the Maksut zone there are several intrusions, the best studied from which is the South Maksut intrusion with Cu–Ni–PGE mineralization.
In this paper, we study the singular pure braid group [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text].

We find generators, defining relations and the algebraical structure of these groups. In particular, we prove that [Formula: see text] is a semi-direct product [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is an HNN-extension with base group [Formula: see text] and cyclic associated subgroups.

We prove that the center [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] is a direct factor in [Formula: see text].
The article discusses the oil and gas complex of the Siberian Federal District at the stage of the need to transition to a new paradigm of development of the oil and gas complex of Russia. Over the past decade, the Siberian Federal District has been the most dynamic region of Russia in the development of the last large and unique oil fields, the development of the mining and transport infrastructure.

Increasing oil production and exports in the region at the expense of unique and large fields will continue until 2020s, after which the decline in liquid hydrocarbon production should be offset by developing hard-to-recover and unconventional sources of hydrocarbons, as well as medium and small fields, and rational development of residual reserves.

All this will require a radical restructuring of the organizational and legislative system of subsoil use, the transition from an extensive to an intensive development model, the creation of new technologies and equipment, and the provision of integrated development of the subsoil.
Petrophysical properties of volcanic rocks were investigated on the North-Eastern fumarolic field of the volcano Ebeko. The attempt is made to use this data in order to interpret the geo-electrical cross sections of the fumarolic field subsurface space.
We search for dimuon decays of a low mass particle in the decays ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{*0}X$ and ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\rho}}^{0}X$ using a data sample of $657\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}B\overline{B}$ events collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collider. We find no evidence for such a particle in the mass range from $212\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}/{c}^{2}$ to $300\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}/{c}^{2}$ for lifetimes below ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}12}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{s}$, and set upper limits on its branching fractions. In particular, we search for a particle with a mass of $214.3\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}/{c}^{2}$ reported by the HyperCP experiment, and obtain upper limits on the products $\mathcal{B}({B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{*0}X)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\mathcal{B}(X\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}})<2.26(2.27)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}8}$ and $\mathcal{B}({B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\rho}}^{0}X)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\mathcal{B}(X\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}})<1.73(1.73)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}8}$ at 90% C.L. for a scalar (vector) $X$ particle.
After publication of the article [1], it has been brought to our attention that there is a discrepancy between the publication date on the pdf and online formats. The date on the pdf is 6th February 2018 and online is 5th February 2018. The correct publication date is the one on the pdf, 6th February 2018.
A human exhaled air analysis by means of infrared (IR) laser photoacoustic spectroscopy is presented. Eleven healthy nonsmoking volunteers (control group) and seven patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD, target group) were involved in the study. The principal component analysis method was used to select the most informative ranges of the absorption spectra of patients' exhaled air in terms of the separation of the studied groups. It is shown that the data of the profiles of exhaled air absorption spectrum in the informative ranges allow identifying COPD patients in comparison to the control group.
Mammalian embryonic stem cells (ESC) have a number of specific properties that make them a unique object of fundamental and applied studies. In culture, ESC can remain in an infinitely undifferentiated state and differentiate into descendants of all three germ layers - ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm - that is, they can potentially produce more than 200 cell types comprising the body of an adult mammal. These properties of ESC are refered to as self-renewal and pluripotency.

In this review, the basic signal pathways implicated in the maintenance of ESC pluripotency are considered. The major genes comprising a subsystem of 'internal regulators of pluripotency,' their protein products and regulators, are characterized, and interaction with other factors is described as well.

The role of epigenetic mechanisms and microRNAs in the system of ESC self-renewal and pluripotency, as well as the relationship between pluripotency and X-chromosome inactivation in female mammals, is discussed.
An Important task in the treatment of oncological and neurodegenerative diseases is the search for new inhibitors of DNA repair system enzymes. Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (Tdp1) is one of the DNA repair system enzymes involved in the removal of DNA damages caused by topoisomerase I inhibitors. Thus, reducing the activity of Tdp1 can increase the effectiveness of currently used anticancer drugs.

We describe here a new class of semisynthetic small molecule Tdp1 inhibitors based on the bile acid scaffold that were originally identified by virtual screening. The influence of functional groups of bile acids (hydroxy and acetoxy groups in the steroid framework and amide fragment in the side chain) on inhibitory activity was investigated.

In vitro studies demonstrate the ability of the semisynthetic derivatives to effectively inhibit Tdp1 with IC50 up to 0.29 µM. Furthermore, an excellent fit is realized for the ligands when docked into the active site of the Tdp1 enzyme.
New triple tungstate phosphors NaPbLa(WO4)3:Yb3+/Ho3+ (x = Yb3+/Ho3+ = 7, 8, 9, 10) are successfully fabricated by microwave assisted sol-gel synthesis and their structural and frequency upconversion (UC) characteristics are investigated.

The compounds crystallized in the tetragonal space group I41/a and the NaPbLa(WO4)3 host have unit cell parameters a = 5.3927(1) and c = 11.7961(3) Å , V = 343.05(2) Å 3, Z = 4. Under excitation at 980 nm, the phosphors have yellowish green emissions, which are derived from the intense 5S2/ 5F4 → 5I8 transitions of Ho3+ ions in the green spectral range and strong 5F5 → 5I8 transitions in the red spectral range. The optimal Yb3+:Ho3+ ratio is revealed to be x = 9, which is attributed to the quenching effect of Ho3+ ions, as indicated by the composition dependence. The UC characteristics are evaluated in detail under consideration of the pump power dependence and Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage chromaticity. The spectroscopic features of Raman spectra are discussed in terms of the superposition of Ho3+ luminescence and vibrational lines.

The possibility of controlling the spectral distribution of UC luminescence by the chemical content of tungstate hosts is demonstrated.
The effects of atorvastatin on the atherogenic and anti-atherogenic lipoprotein-cholesterol (C-LP) and lipoprotein-triglyceride (TG-LP) fractions and subfractions at the early stage of murine acute hyperlipidaemia, and its pleiotropic anti-inflammatory effects via the activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were studied.

Atorvastatin (75 mg/kg) was administered to ICR mice with acute lipaemia induced by a single injection of Triton WR 1339 (500 mg/kg). A novel small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) method was used for the determination of the fractional and subfractional composition of C-LP and TG-LP.

High-dose atorvastatin therapy exerts its rapid lipid-lowering and pleiotropic effect(s) in the early stages of acute lipaemia induced with Triton WR-1339.
The motion of atoms in a dark magneto-optical lattice is considered. This lattice is formed by a non-uniformly polarized laser field in the presence of a static magnetic field.

Cold atoms are localized in the vicinity of points where dark states are not destroyed by a magnetic field. As a result, the optical interaction tends to zero (dark or grey lattices). Depending on the field configuration such a lattice can exhibit one-dimensional (1D) or two-dimensional (2D) periodicity.

It is shown that in 1D and 2D dark magneto-optical lattices the effects connected with the Bose statistics of particles can be observed under temperatures 10-5-10-6 K and densities 1011-1012 cm-3, i.e. those that are usual for current experiments on laser cooling.
In this paper, we present NEREL, a Russian dataset for named entity recognition and relation extraction. NEREL is significantly larger than existing Russian datasets: to date it contains 56K annotated named entities and 39K annotated relations.

Its important difference from previous datasets is annotation of nested named entities, as well as relations within nested entities and at the discourse level. NEREL also contains the annotation of events involving named entities and their roles in the events.

NEREL can facilitate development of novel models that can extract relations between nested named entities, as well as relations on both sentence and document levels. The NEREL collection is available via https://github.com/nerel-ds/NEREL.
The fate of subducted carbonates in the lower mantle and at the core-mantle boundary

was modelled via experiments in the MgCO3-Fe0 system at 70–150 GPa and 800–2600 K in a laser-heated diamond anvil cell. Using in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction and ex situ transmission electron microscopy we show that the reduction of Mg-carbonate can be exemplified by: 6MgCO3 + 19Fe = 8FeO +10(Mg0.6Fe0.4)O + Fe7C3 + 3C.

The presented results suggest that the interaction of carbonates with Fe0 or Fe0-bearing rocks can produce Fe-carbide and diamond, which can accumulate in the D'' region, depending on its carbon to Fe ratio. Due to the sluggish kinetics of the transformation, diamond can remain metastable at the core-mantle boundary (CMB) unless it is in a direct contact with Fe-metal. In addition, it can be remobilized by redox melting accompanying the generation of mantle plumes.
Ratios of malic-enzyme (ME1) and glucosephosphate isomerase (GPI2) phenotypic classes were studied in agamospermous progenies of triploid sugar beet plants. It was shown that the ratio of enzymes phenotypic classes quite well accords with the calculations based on the supposition about reduplication of chromosome sites carrying alleles of enzyme loci accompanied by a loss of excessive allelic copies in the first cell division under embryogenesis. Polyteny – conditioned allelic dose increase leads to the occurrence of alleles – absent in the initial parent – at a certain frequency in the developing progeny. The notions of “meiotic autosegregation” and “mitotic autosegregation” – typical of meiotic and mitotic agamospermy, respectively, – were introduced; the term locus “polygenotype” characterizing the allelic composition of locus, number of chromosomes and a copies number of chromatides sites carrying marker-locus alleles in the cell before entering embryogenesis was also introduced.
Diffraction plays an exceptional role in DIS off heavy nuclei. First, diffraction into hard dijets is an unique probe of the unintegrated glue in the target. Second, because diffraction makes 50 per cent of total DIS off a heavy target, understanding diffraction in a saturation regime is crucial for a definition of saturated nuclear parton densities.

After brief comments on the Nikolaev-Zakharov (NZ) pomeron-splitting mechanism for diffractive hard dijet production, I review an extension of the Nikolaev-Schafer-Schwiete (NSS) analysis of diffractive dijet production off nuclei to the definition of nuclear partons in the saturation regime.

I emphasize the importance of intranuclear final state interactions for the parton momentum distributions.
The dynamics of the J PC = 0 -+ ,0 ++ , and 2 ++ resonance contributions to the decay $ J/\psi {\rm{ }} \to {\rm{ }}\gamma X\left( {{J^P}} \right) \to {\rm{ }}\gamma \phi \phi $ is analysed using the data obtained by BESIII collaboration. The effective coupling constants parameterising invariant amplitudes of the transitions $ J/\psi {\rm{ }} \to {\rm{ }}\gamma X\left( {{J^{PC}}} \right) $ and $ X\left( {{J^P}} \right) \to {\rm{ }}\phi \phi $ and masses $ X\left( {{J^P}} \right) $ of found from the fits are used to plot $ \phi \phi $ the mass spectrum of each J PC component.
In recent years, in view of the transformation in education in the Russian Federation, it has been necessary to introduce different technical facilities and new educational methods into the educational process. An introduction of training systems into the educational process concerns every educational method. New methods use various results from such fields as pedagogy, psychology, cybernetics, mathematics, and linguistics. Automated training systems consist of 3 components: informational, didactic, and ergonomic. This paper considers 2 components: didactic and ergonomic. They provide maximum learning with minimum energy consumption on the part of the trainee, in acceptable working conditions. As an example, this paper considers educational systems of calculus mathematics and mathematical geophysics realized in the Novosibirsk State University and Institute, Russian Federation.
A broad peaking structure is observed in the dimuon spectrum of $B^+ \to K^+ \mu^+\mu^-$ decays in the kinematic region where the kaon has a low recoil against the dimuon system. The structure is consistent with interference between the $B^+ \to K^+ \mu^+\mu^-$ decay and a resonance and has a statistical significance exceeding six standard deviations. The mean and width of the resonance are measured to be $4191^{+9}_{-8}\mathrm{\,Me\kern -0.1em V/}c^2$ and $65^{+22}_{-16}\mathrm{\,Me\kern -0.1em V/}c^2$, respectively, where the uncertainties include statistical and systematic contributions. These measurements are compatible with the properties of the $\psi(4160)$ meson. First observations of both the decay $B^+ \to \psi(4160) K^+$ and the subsequent decay $\psi(4160) \to \mu^+\mu^-$ are reported. The resonant decay and the interference contribution make up 20\,% of the yield in the low recoil region, which is larger than theoretical estimates.
The development of cellular models for familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an important direction for creating new approaches to atherosclerosis treatment. Pathogenic mutations in the LDLR gene are the main FH source. We generated an iPSC line from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of the patient with compound heterozygous c.1246C > T/c.940 + 3_940 + 6del LDLR mutation. The resulting iPSC line with confirmed patient-specific mutations maintains a normal karyotype and a typical undifferentiated state, including morphology, pluripotent gene expression, and in vitro differentiation potential. This iPSC line can be further differentiated toward relevant cells to better understand FH pathogenesis.
The article considers the results of the Russian universities’ and scientific institutions’ activities on the intellectual property market in Russia and abroad. The authors provide the various statistic data for complete and accurate analysis of the functioning of Russian universities and scientific institution as the subjects of intellectual property. The article examines the current factors influencing the educational and scientific institutions’ activities on the formation and replication of intellectual property, and identifies the scientific and educational institutions’ potential opportunities to develop the international intellectual property market. The analysis of international experience shows that by the beginning of the XXI century, the intellectual property as a commercial product becomes the determining factor in the world leadership. However, Russia has a modest position on this market. The intellectual products which have a considerable potential are not promoted on the market, therefore they do not manage to be competitive. The article makes the case for developing methods and means that will stimulate the creation and promotion of existing and future intellectual products on the market. In conclusion, the article outlines the main areas of work for the development of intellectual property market in the Russian Federation to overcome the monopoly of Western countries and China on the scientific production and high technologies market.
Natural languages are introspective, and here is an obvious discrepancy between feeling the language and theorizing about it by the means of a traditional linguistic metalanguage. This discrepancy conceals from our eyes some important issues.

The aim consists in considering one of them and discussing the possibility of using pictorial-verbal modality for simulating introspective verbal language within man-machine communication.

Principles of realization and general challenges of the approach are also discussed.
Oxidative kinetic resolution of 1-phenylethanol in the presence of manganese complexes, bearing conformationally nonrigid achiral bis-amine-bis-pyridine ligands, in the absence of any exogenous chiral additives, is reported.

The only driving force for the chiral discrimination is the small initial enantiomeric imbalance of the scalemic (nonracemic) substrate: the latter dynamically controls the chirality of the catalyst, serving itself as the chiral auxiliary. In effect, the ee of 1-phenylethanol increases monotonously over the reaction course. This dynamic control of catalyst chirality by the substrate has been unprecedented; a consistent kinetic model for this process is presented.

The reported catalyzed substrate self-enantioenrichment mechanism is discussed in relation to the problem of prebiotic chirality amplification.
Community-acquired pneumonia is one of the most common infectious diseases and remains one of the leading causes of death in this group of diseases. Studies of community-acquired pneumonia are extremely relevant for modern clinical practice.

One of the important role in the pathogenesis of bacterial, viral, fungal invasion in the system of a human lung system belongs to the pulmonary surfactant, in particular, its proteins SP-A and SP-D. This article reviews the well-known mechanisms of important biological properties of immunomodulatory activity of the proteins SP-A and SP-D in response to microbial infection in the lungs. The mechanisms of participation of surfactant proteins SP-A and SP-D in the cascade of reactions that lead to severe life-threatening complications in community-acquired pneumonia are considered.

The use of serum levels of surfactant proteins SP-A and SP-D can help finding new diagnostic and prognostic approaches in patients with community-acquired pneumonia.
Functional foods enriched with plant polyphenols and anthocyanins in particular attract special attention due to multiple beneficial bioactive properties of the latter.

We evaluated the effects of a grain diet rich in anthocyanins in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease induced by amyloid-beta (Aβ) and a transgenic mouse model of Parkinson’s disease (PD) with overexpression of human alpha-synuclein. The mice were kept at a diet that consisted of the wheat grain of near isogenic lines differing in anthocyanin content for five–six months.

The anthocyanin-rich diet was safe and possessed positive effects on cognitive function. Anthocyanins prevented deficits in working memory induced by Aβ or a long-term grain mono-diet; they partially reversed episodic memory alterations. Both types of grain diets prolonged memory extinction and rescued its facilitation in the PD model. The dynamics of the extinction in the group fed with the anthocyanin-rich wheat was closer to that in a group of wild-type mice given standard chow. The anthocyanin-rich diet reduced alpha-synuclein accumulation and modulated microglial response in the brain of the transgenic mice including the elevated expression of arginase1 that marks M2 microglia. Thus, anthocyanin-rich wheat is suggested as a promising source of functional nutrition at the early stages of neurodegenerative disorders.