Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Every year, the list of mammalian species for which cultures of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are generated increases. PSCs are a unique tool for extending the limits of experimental studies and modeling different biological processes. In this work, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from the hybrids of common voles Microtus levis and Microtus arvalis, which are used as model objects to study genome organization on the molecular-genetic level and the mechanisms of X-chromosome inactivation, have been generated. Vole iPSCs were isolated and cultured in a medium containing cytokine LIF, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), ascorbic acid, and fetal bovine serum. Undifferentiated state of vole iPSCs is maintained by activation of their endogenous pluripotency genes - Nanog, Oct4, Sox2, Sall4, and Esrrb. The cells were able to maintain undifferentiated state for at least 28 passages without change in their morphology and give rise to three germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm) upon differentiation.
The process of high-energy soliton fission is experimentally and numerically investigated in a graded-index multimode fiber. Fission dynamics is analyzed by comparing numerical observations and simulations. A novel regime is observed, where solitons produced by the fission have a nearly constant Raman wavelength shift and same pulse width over a wide range of soliton energies.
Величина среднедушевых доходов является одним из основных показателей уровня жизни населения.Данный показатель широко используются в исследованиях, посвященных бедности, межрегиональному неравенству по доходам, а также является основным ориентиром успешности проводимой региональной политики.Ряд исследователей отмечают низкое качество официальных данных по доходам населения и ставят под сомнение их достоверность в некоторых регионах России.К основным причинам этого относят значительные масштабы теневой экономики, особенно на уровне некоторых регионов, недостаточное финансирование исследований со стороны государства, а также устаревшие статистические методы обработки данных.В работе предлагается метод проверки качества официальных статистических данных по душевым доходам при помощи ряда косвенных показателей.Применение данного метода также позволяет получить альтернативные оценки среднедушевых доходов населения в регионах страны.На основе данных
Влияние имплантации ионов углерода на адгезию и свойства аморфных углеродных пленок на германии А. С
Adult height inspired the first biometrical and quantitative genetic studies and is a test-case trait for understanding heritability. The studies of height led to formulation of the classical polygenic model, that has a profound influence on the way we view and analyse complex traits. An essential part of the classical model is an assumption of additivity of effects and normality of the distribution of the residuals.

However, it may be expected that the normal approximation will become insufficient in bigger studies. Here, we demonstrate that when the height of hundreds of thousands of individuals is analysed, the model complexity needs to be increased to include non-additive interactions between sex, environment and genes. Alternatively, the use of log-normal approximation allowed us to still use the additive effects model.

These findings are important for future genetic and methodologic studies that make use of adult height as an exemplar trait.
An efficient solid-phase-supported peptide synthesis (SPPS) of morpholinoglycine oligonucleotide (MorGly) mimics has been developed. The proposed strategy includes a novel specially designed labile linker group containing the oxalyl residue and the 2-aminomethylmorpholino nucleoside analogues as first subunits.
We report photoluminescence investigations of heavily doped AlxGa1-xN:Si films grown by molecular beam epitaxy on sapphire substrates.

The wide intensive defect-related band dominates in the photoluminescence spectra of AlxGa1-xN:Si films with the Al content higher than 0.46 covering the whole visible spectral range. This band is attributed to donor-acceptor transitions.

The acceptor ionization energy of about 1.87 eV for heavily doped AlN:Si was obtained, decrease of Al content leads to decrease of the acceptor ionization energy. The donor was assigned to the Si atom on the Ga/Al site; the acceptor might be the (2-/3-) transition level of the VAl.
The MIP Timing Detector will provide additional timing capabilities for detection of minimum ionizing particles (MIPs) at CMS during the High Luminosity LHC era, improving event reconstruction and pileup rejection. The central portion of the detector, the Barrel Timing Layer (BTL), will be instrumented with LYSO:Ce crystals and Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) providing a time resolution of about 30 ps at the beginning of operation, and degrading to 50-60 ps at the end of the detector lifetime as a result of radiation damage. In this work, we present the results obtained using a 120 GeV proton beam at the Fermilab Test Beam Facility to measure the time resolution of unirradiated sensors. A proof-of-concept of the sensor layout proposed for the barrel region of the MTD, consisting of elongated crystal bars with dimensions of about 3 x 3 x 57 mm$^3$ and with double-ended SiPM readout, is demonstrated. This design provides a robust time measurement independent of the impact point of the MIP along the crystal bar. We tested LYSO:Ce bars of different thickness (2, 3, 4 mm) with a geometry close to the reference design and coupled to SiPMs manufactured by Hamamatsu and Fondazione Bruno Kessler. The various aspects influencing the timing performance such as the crystal thickness, properties of the SiPMs (e.g. photon detection efficiency), and impact angle of the MIP are studied. A time resolution of about 28 ps is measured for MIPs crossing a 3 mm thick crystal bar, corresponding to an MPV energy deposition of 2.6 MeV, and of 22 ps for the 4.2 MeV MPV energy deposition expected in the BTL, matching the detector performance target for unirradiated devices.
Fast and accurate prediction of sonic boom intensity is important in performing design and optimization studies of a supersonic aircraft.

The paper presents the computational mesh generation technique for sonic boom prediction in the near field of complex geometry body.

Studies are done on a 69-degree delta wing body model used for testing various prediction techniques in the framework of the AIAA Sonic Boom Prediction Workshops.
European liver fluke Opisthorchis felineus, causing opisthorchiasis disease, is widespread in Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan and sporadically detected in the EU countries. O. felineus infection leads to hepatobiliary pathological changes, cholangitis, fibrosis and, in severe cases, malignant transformation of bile ducts. Due to absence of specific symptoms, the infection is frequently neglected for a long period. The association of opisthorchiasis with almost incurable bile duct cancer and rising international migration of people that increases the risk of the parasitic etiology of liver fibrosis in non-endemic regions determine high demand for development of approaches to opisthorchiasis detection.

In vivo magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy (MRI and MRS) were applied for differential assessment of hepatic abnormalities induced by O. felineus in an experimental animal model. Correlations of the MR-findings with the histological data as well as the data of the biochemical analysis of liver tissue were found.

MRI provides valuable information about the severity of liver impairments induced by opisthorchiasis. An MR image of O. felineus infected liver has a characteristic pattern that differs from that of closely related liver fluke infections. 1H and 31P MRS in combination with biochemical analysis data showed that O. felineus infection disturbed hepatic metabolism of the host, which was accompanied by cholesterol accumulation in the liver.A non-invasive approach based on the magnetic resonance technique is very advantageous and may be successfully used not only for diagnosing and evaluating liver damage induced by O. felineus, but also for investigating metabolic changes arising in the infected organ. Since damages induced by the liver fluke take place in different liver lobes, MRI has the potential to overcome liver biopsy sampling variability that limits predictive validity of biopsy analysis for staging liver fluke-induced fibrosis.
The influence of genetic background on sensitivity to drugs represents a topical problem of personalized medicine. Here, we investigated the effect of chronic (20 mg/kg, 14 days, i.p.) antidepressant fluoxetine treatment on recombinant B6-M76C mice, differed from control B6-M76B mice by CBA-derived 102.73–110.56 Mbp fragment of chromosome 13 and characterized by altered sensitivity of 5-HT1A receptors to chronic 8-OH-DPAT administration and higher 5-HT1A receptor mRNA levels in the frontal cortex and hippocampus. Significant changes in the effects of fluoxetine treatment on behavior and brain 5-HT system in recombinant B6-M76C mice were revealed. In contrast to B6-M76B mice, in B6-M76C mice, fluoxetine produced pro-depressive effects, assessed in a forced swim test. Fluoxetine decreased 5-HT1A receptor mRNA levels in the cortex and hippocampus, reduced 5-HT1A receptor protein levels and increased receptor silencer Freud-1 protein levels in the hippocampus of B6-M76C mice. Fluoxetine increased mRNA levels of the gene encoding key enzyme for 5-HT synthesis in the brain, tryptophan hydroxylase-2, but decreased tryptophan hydroxylase-2 protein levels in the midbrain of B6-M76B mice. These changes were accompanied by increased expression of the 5-HT transporter gene. Fluoxetine reduced 5-HT and 5-HIAA levels in cortex, hippocampus and midbrain of B6-M76B and in cortex and midbrain of B6-M76C; mice. These data demonstrate that changes in genetic background may have a dramatic effect on sensitivity to classic antidepressants from the Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors family. Additionally, the results provide new evidence confirming our idea on the disrupted functioning of 5-HT1A autoreceptors in the brains of B6-M76C mice, suggesting these mice as a model of antidepressant resistance.
In Russia, cancer is the second leading cause of death following cardiovascular diseases. Adoptive transfer of NK cells is a promising approach to fight cancer; however, for their successful use in cancer treatment, it is necessary to ensure their robust accumulation at tumor foci, provide resistance to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and to engineer them with higher cytotoxic activity. NK lymphocytes are known to kill cancer cells expressing a number of stress ligands; and the balance of signals from inhibitory and activating receptors on the surface of the NK cell determines whether a cytotoxic reaction is triggered. We hypothesized that stronger cytotoxicity of NK cells could be achieved via gene editing aimed at enhancing the activating signaling cascades and/or weakening the inhibitory ones, thereby shifting the balance of signals towards NK cell activation and target cell lysis. Here, we took advantage of the CRISPR/Cas9 system to introduce mutations in the coding sequence of the shp-2 (PTPN11) gene encoding the signaling molecule of inhibitory pathways in NK cells. These shp-2 knock-out NK cells were additionally transduced to express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) that selectively recognized the antigen of interest on the target cell surface and generated an activating signal. We demonstrate that the combination of shp-2 gene knockout and CAR expression increases the cytotoxicity of effector NK-like YT cells against human prostate cancer cell line Du-145 with ectopic expression of PSMA protein, which is specifically targeted by the CAR.
In this paper, we take a close look at a web platform that provides the tools necessary for working with folklore materials and conducting scientific research based on them. Folklore studies consist of working with audio and video materials, which contain the reproduction of elements of folk art in national languages, creating specific text recordings with translation and comments, written in a public language, and building a picture of the worlds based on available resources. To structure and present this content, we use an ontology-based approach, which allows linguists to describe not only the resources, but also subject knowledge in the Semantic Web style, i.e. using hierarchies of classes, objects and relationships between them. The main feature of folklore research is the need for synchronization of translations, which is achieved by creating a parallel corpora of texts, and the ability to label texts with entities of the subject area, which is called semantic markup. Moreover, each corpus is connected with a certain nationality and has both its own national language and unique system of concepts of the world around it. Such representation imposes many non-standard requirements for the platform, such as working with arbitrary languages, supporting many ontologies, ensuring the creation and editing of national subject ontologies, semantic text markup, presentation, navigation, and search across heterogeneous resources. The developed platform provides all the necessary tools for research, including tools for the development of ontologies in specific national subject areas and manual annotation of texts in real time by several specialists. Resources of the web-platform are located in the resource ontology, which includes such concepts as corpus, video resource, audio resource, graphic image, person, geographical location, genre of text, etc. Ontologies of subject areas are presented in the form of a hierarchy, where the ontology of universals, common to all folklore studies, is located at the top level. At the same time, inherited ontologies are specialized for each represented national corpus. The web application is built with Python Django framework and the TypeScript React library. Data storage is implemented using the Postgres database.
The blood plasma and other intertissue fluids usually contain a certain amount of DNA, getting there due to a natural cell death in the organism. Cells of this organism can capture the extracellular DNA, whereupon it is delivered to various cell compartments. It is hypothesized that the extracellular DNA is involved in the transfer of genetic information and its fixation in the genome of recipient cell.

The existence of an active flow of extracellular DNA into the cell is demonstrated using human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cells as a recipient culture. The qualitative state of the DNA fragments delivered to the main cell compartments (cytoplasm and interchromosomal fraction) was assessed. The extracellular DNA delivered to the cell is characterized quantitatively. Using individual DNA fragments with a known molecular weight and sequence as an extracellular DNA, it is found that these fragments degrade instantly in the culture liquid in the absence of a competitor DNA and are delivered into the cell as degradants. When adding a sufficient amount of competitor DNA, the initial undegraded molecules of the DNA fragments with the known molecular weight and sequence are detectable both in the cytoplasm and nuclear space only at the zero point of experiments. The labeled precursor alpha-dNTP*, added to culture medium, was undetectable inside the cell in all the experiments.

It is demonstrated that the extracellular DNA fragments in several minutes reach the nuclear space, where they are processed so that their linear size increases from about 500 bp to 10,000 bp. The amount of free extracellular DNA fragments simultaneously present in the nuclear space may reach up to 2% of the haploid genome.
The selectivity of Fe-MFI catalysts to partial peroxide oxidation of methane to methanol and formic acid was studied depending on their topology (Nanocrystals, Microcrystals, and bulk Commercial) and activation with oxalic acid.The catalysts were characterized by XRD, ICP-OES, SEM, UV-vis DR, NH 3 -TPD, N 2 adsorption.TOF of methane oxidation increased in the series: Nanocrystals < Microcrystals << Commercial.The selectivity to methanol depended mainly on the crystallite size and increased in the same series.The increase in TOF and selectivity to formic acid, as well as a sharp decrease in the selectivity to CO 2 over all the activated catalysts were accounted for by an increase in the total acidity of the catalysts and the number of oligomeric Fe oxo-clusters.Different pathways to the formation of methanol/CO 2 (via free radical mechanism) and formic acid (via heterogeneous route) over Fe-MFI catalysts were suggested.
We analyzed Microtus oeconomus material collected for 25 years (1982-1992, 1994-2005, 2009, 2010).Directional asymmetry (DA) was demonstrated for teeth morphotypes, adrenal and kidney weights, and for length of the hind paw as well.DA may be formed both at early and later development stages and is not dependent on environmental factors and population density dynamics.Although each trait has its own dynamics DA in ontogeny, usually DA increases in the period of sexual maturation.Uncoordinated development of the sides in this period seems to associate with an increase in intensity of developmental processes.Our study argues that sexual dimorphism of continuous traits appears at the later developmental stages.This finding is consistent with Geodakian's evolutionary theory of sex.Evolutionary significance of the DA is to increase both short-term individual fitness and long-term population adaptive capacity.Developmental approach to the study of morphological and functional asymmetries in animals opens new possibilities for the study of evolutionary processes.
The literature data on the association of cognitive impairment with smoking status, which is a conventional risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, in adolescence in an open population remains controversial.

Cognitive functions were studied in 549 adolescents (231 boys (42.1%) and 318 girls (57.9%), mean age - 15.66±0.9 years). The smoking questionnaire in this group was completed by 332 participants. Cognitive functions were assessed using a proofreading test, a Luria test with memorization of 10 words, and a concept exclusion test. Smoking was assessed based on a questionnaire survey. An adolescent, who smoked at least 1 cigarette per week was considered a regular smoker. Descriptive statistics methods and analysis of contingency tables were performed in the statistical package 'R' for Windows.

Among adolescents who smoked at the time of the examination (n = 67), the average number of mistakes in the test with memorization of 10 words was higher (2.21±1.04 words), compared with 1.88±1.05 words in the non-smoking group (n = 265). At the same time, there were no statistically significant differences in this cognitive indicator between male smokers and nonsmokers, while differences between female smokers and nonsmokers remained. In adolescents who smoke, direct memorization of the presented stimulus material is predominantly affected. This is due to the worst assimilation of educational materials by adolescent smokers.
Nanosecond laser microstructuring of copper surfaces was performed in this work.

The contact angle value immediately after laser treatment decreased sharply and all samples were hydrophilic or superhydrophilic. Hydrophobization of the textured samples occurs as a result of environmental exposure over time. Oxidation and adsorption of carbon and its compounds from the atmosphere leads to a change in the wettability of the irradiated surfaces.

The acceleration of hydrophobization process with decrease of fluence was found. It is shown that the stable contact angle, reached after one month, does not depend on the value of the fluence and is about 140°.
Nucleosome core particles (NCPs) are basic units of chromatin organization; they represent the most convenient model system for the study of key DNA-dependent processes.Therefore, a robust method of nucleosome assembly is important for research.To prepare NCPs, purified histones and DNAs with sequences providing strong positioning of DNA relative to histone octamer are commonly used, and a method to control the efficacy of NCP reconstruction is required.

Dialysis, PAAG, fluorescence measurement using the Eva-Green dye.We first developed a convenient procedure for NCP assembly in a low-salt buffer with a variable DNA-histone ratio at the first stage.Once the optimal ratio was determined, NCPs could be assembled by a slow gradient dialysis.The efficacy of NCP assembly can be estimated directly in the solution using the Eva-Green dye.

The efficacy of dye intercalation into DNA duplex was sharply reduced in the nucleosomal context.The main benefits of the proposed approach are the rapid analysis directly in the solution and possibility to use DNAs without any special tags.
The measurement is based on the full data sample containing $772\times 10^6$ $B\bar{B}$ pairs collected at the $\Upsilon(4S)$ resonance using the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy $e^+e^-$ collider.

We present a measurement of the time-dependent $CP$ violation parameters in $B^0\to\eta'K^0$ decays.

The measured values of the mixing-induced and direct $CP$ violation parameters are: \begin{align} \sin 2 \phi^{\rm eff}_1 &= +0.68\pm 0.07 \pm 0.03, \nonumber \\ \mathcal{A}_{\eta'K^0} &= +0.03\pm 0.05\pm 0.04, \nonumber \end{align} where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. The values obtained are the most accurate to date. Furthermore, these results are consistent with our previous measurements and with the world-average value of $\sin 2\phi_1$ measured in $B^0\to J/\psi K^0$ decays.
Replication of chromosomes is central to heredity. To become available for replication machinery, DNA invariably needs to dissociate from chromatin proteins. Yet, chromatin landscape must be promptly re-established during or soon after replication. Although this process underlies the epigenetic inheritance, little is known about its molecular mechanisms. This mini-review is focused on Drosophila melanogaster SUppressor of UnderReplication (SUUR) protein, which is involved both in replication and chromatin maintenance in polytene tissues. Existing data suggest that it is involved in the regulation of chromatin renewal during replication. According to this model, SUUR protein moves along the chromosomes together with the replication complex. When the replication fork enters the repressed, H3K27me3- or H3K9me3-enriched, chromatin, SUUR-containing complex slows down the replisome until these histone modifications are properly placed on the newly-synthesized DNA strands. Suggested model provides an insight into the mechanism of epigenetic information inheritance. This hypothesis could be tested by further analysis of the interplay between local enrichment of repressive histone modifications and the replication fork progression rate.
The invariant mass spectra of the π+π− and π±π0 pairs in the process e+e−→π+π−π0 were studied in the Spherical Neutral Detector experiment at the VEPP-2M collider in the energy region √s≃1020 MeV. These studies were based on about 0.5×106 events.

The spectra were analyzed in the framework of the vector meson dominance model.

It was found that the experimental data can be described assuming the e+e−→ρ→ππ+π−π0 transition only. An upper limit on the branching ratio of the φ(1020)→π+π−π0 decay through intermediate states different from ρπ was obtained at the 90% confidence level: B(→φπ+π−π0)<6×10−4. The ρ-meson mass and width which follow from the spectra analysis are mρ=775.0±1.3 MeV, Γρ=150.4±3.0 MeV. The mass difference of the neutral and charged ρ mesons was found to equal mρ±−mρ0=−1.3±2.3 MeV. In the π+π− mass spectrum the ρ−ω interference was seen at a two standard deviation level.