Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
We consider a model nondispersive nonlinear optical fiber channel with additive Gaussian noise at large SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) in the intermediate power region.

Using Feynman path-integral technique we find the optimal input signal distribution maximizing the channel's per-sample mutual information.

The finding of the optimal input signal distribution allows us to improve previously known estimates for the channel capacity. We show that in the intermediate power regime the per-sample mutual information for the optimal input signal distribution is greater than the per-sample mutual information for the Gaussian and half-Gaussian input signal distributions.
To compare the photochemical properties of UV filter molecules present in the human lens (kynurenine, KN; 3-hydroxykynurenine, 3OHKN; 3-hydroxykynurenine O-β-D-glucoside, 3OHKG; 4-(2-aminophenyl)-4-oxobutanoic acid, AHA; and glutathionyl-kynurenine, GSH-KN) with the use of the following parameters: excited singlet lifetime τ(S), fluorescence quantum yield Φ(fl), triplet quantum yield Φ(T), and photodecomposition quantum yield Φ(dec).The excited singlet lifetimes were measured with the use of fluorescence upconversion (time resolution, 210 fs) and pump-probe transient absorption (time resolution, 200 fs) methods. The fluorescence quantum yields were determined relative to an aqueous solution of quinine bisulfate. The triplet quantum yields were measured with the use of nanosecond laser flash photolysis. The photodecomposition quantum yields were determined by steady state photolysis followed by the high-performance liquid chromatography analysis.The secondary UV filters--AHA and GSH-KN are better photosensitizers than the primary ones--KN, 3OHKN and 3OHKG: the singlet state lifetimes of the secondary UV filters are longer, and the quantum yields of fluorescence and triplet state formation are higher.With aging, the ratio primary/secondary UV filters in the human lens decreases from approximately 10:1 to 2:1. The obtained results demonstrate that the quality of the secondary UV filters is inferior compared to the primary ones, which may result in a higher susceptibility of old lenses to UV light. That might be an important factor for the development of the age-related cataract.
Group-IV photonic devices that contain Si and Ge are very attractive due to their compatibility with integrated silicon photonics platforms. Despite the recent progress in fabrication of Ge/Si quantum dot (QD) photodetectors, their low quantum efficiency still remains a major challenge and different approaches to improve the QD photoresponse are under investigation. In this paper, we report on the fabrication and optical characterization of Ge/Si QD pin photodiodes integrated with photon-trapping microstructures for near-infrared photodetection. The photon traps represent vertical holes having 2D periodicity with a feature size of about 1 μm on the diode surface, which significantly increase the normal incidence light absorption of Ge/Si QDs due to generation of lateral optical modes in the wide telecommunication wavelength range. For a hole array periodicity of 1700 nm and hole diameter of 1130 nm, the responsivity of the photon-trapping device is found to be enhanced by about 25 times at λ=1.2 μm and by 34 times at λ≈1.6 μm relative to a bare detector without holes. These results make the micro/nanohole Ge/Si QD photodiodes promising to cover the operation wavelength range from the telecom O-band (1260–1360 nm) up to the L-band (1565–1625 nm).
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is one among the key cytokines that mediate the immune system to protect humans against viral infections. Throughout evolution, anthropogenic Variola virus (VARV) has developed effective mechanisms to overcome human defense reactions. The viral genome encodes soluble proteins imitating the structure of cellular cytokine receptors. These proteins compete with cellular receptors for cytokine binding, thus blocking the antiviral immune response. In particular, the G2R gene of VARV encodes the TNF decoy receptor, VARV-CrmB protein. This protein consists of N-ended TNF-biding (TNF-BD) and C-ended chemokine binding (Ch-BD) domains. Recombinant VARV-CrmB protein has been produced in insect cells using molecular cloning methods and its TNF neutralizing activity has been shown in vitro and in vivo. To decrease the immunogenicity of this protein, a recombinant plasmid coding for shortened TNF-BD protein of VARV in Escherichia coli cells has been constructed. Using the method of immobilized metal affinity chromatography, recombinant TNF-BD protein corresponding to the TNF-biding domain of VARV-CrmB protein was purified from E. coli cells. The therapeutic potential of TNF-BD was studied using an experimental model of LPS-induced septic shock. After septic shock induction, several doses of recombinant TNF-BD were injected and the mortality of experimental animals was observed during 7 days. All mice not injected with TNF-BD had been dead by day 3 of the experiment, but 30, 40 and 60 % of the experimental animals, who received different TNF-BD doses, survived in a dose-dependent manner. Data obtained demonstrate that recombinant TNF-BD protein is pharmacologically active in the experimental model of LPS-induced septic shock.
The paper presents the data of a detailed study of the flow characteristics behind the runner of an air model of a propeller-type micro hydro turbine with varying operating modes from partial load to severe overload. Detailed measurements of the flow field distributions were carried out using an automated system for contactless optical diagnostics (LDA). The obtained data made it possible to link the identified features of the development of the flow structure when changing the operating mode of the installation with the nature of the evolution of the integral swirl number that determines the state of the swirled flow. Eventually, the work results can be used in the elaboration of recommendations for extending the regulation range of the operating regimes of hydraulic microturbines and providing their high efficiency.
In this paper, we introduce pseudo braid monoids and show that, such a monoid is isomorphic to a singular braid monoid. We also prove an analogue of Markov’s Theorem for pseudo braids.
This work is aimed at studying the relationship of matrix metalloproteinases with calcification of the coronary arteries.

The study included 78 people with coronary heart disease (CHD) and 36 without CHD. Blood and samples of coronary arteries obtained as a result of endarterectomy were examined. Serum levels of metalloproteinases (MMP) MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-7, MMP-9, MMP-10, MMP-12, and MMP-13 were determined by multiplex analysis. In blood vessel samples, MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-7, and MMP-9 were determined by enzyme immunoassay; MMP-9 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry.

Patients with CHD had higher serum levels of MMP-1, MMP-7, and MMP-12. Blood levels of MMP-1 and MMP-3 were associated with calcium levels, MMP-9 with osteoprotegerin and osteonectin, MMP-7 and MMP-10 with osteoprotegerin, MMP-12 with osteocalcin, and MMP-13 with osteopontin. Calcified plaques had higher levels of MMP-1 and MMP-9 compared to plaques without calcification. The relative risk of coronary arteries calcification was associated with MMP-9, which is confirmed by the results of immunohistochemistry. The results obtained indicate the participation of some MMPs, and especially MMP-9, in the calcification processes. The study can serve as a basis for the further study of the possibility of using MMP-1, MMP-7 and MMP-12 as potential biomarkers of CHD.
Preferred formulation of the problem in two space dimensions are described for solving the three fundamental equations of mechanics (conservation of mass, conservation of momentum, and conservation of energy). Models of the behavior of materials provide the closure to the three fundamentals equations for applications to problems in compressible fluid flow and solid mechanics.

Models of fracture and damage are described. A caloric model of the equation of state is proposed to describe thermodynamic properties of solid materials with the phase transitions.

Two-dimensional problems of a high-velocity impact of a space nuclear propulsion system reactor are solved. High-velocity impact problems of destruction of reactor are solved for the two cases: 1) at its crash landing on the Earth surface (the impact velocity being up to 400 m/s); 2) at its impact (with velocity up to 16 km/s) with the space debris fragments.
In this paper we show that integrable four dimensional linearly degenerate equations of second order possess infinitely many three dimensional hydrodynamic reductions. Furthermore, they are equipped infinitely many conservation laws and higher commuting flows. We show that the dispersionless limits of nonlocal KdV and nonlocal NLS equations (the so-called Breaking Soliton equations introduced by O.I. Bogoyavlenski) are one and two component reductions (respectively) of one of these four dimensional linearly degenerate equations.
Testing was carried out with the open source framework OpenML AutoML Benchmark. As part of the work, a comparative analysis was carried out with seven classification methods

This work presents the results of using self-normalizing neural networks with automatic selection of hyperparameters, TabNet and NODE to solve the problem of tabular data classification. The method of automatic selection of hyperparameters was realised. experiments were carried out for 39 datasets with 5 methods

NODE shows the best results among the following methods and overperformed standard methods for four datasets
The effectiveness of the new therapeutic approach aimed at the destruction of the cancer cell community was evaluated on the immortalized human glioblastoma cell line U87. Initially, the reference elements of a new strategy for eradication of tumor-initiating stem cells were characterized. The main points of the strategy were as follows. 1) Evaluation of the TAMRA+ (tumor-initiating stem cells) presence in the population of U87 culture cells. 2) Determination of the reference time points of the DNA interstrand cross-links repair, induced by cross-linking cytostatics mitomycin C. 3) Determination of the day after initiation of therapy when TAMRA+ cells accumulate and are synchronously present in the G1/S sensitive for the treatment phase of the cell cycle. Based on the data obtained, a therapeutic regimen aimed at eradicating TAMRA+ cells (tumor-initiating stem cells) was identified. Treatment of the culture was carried out by cross-linking cytostatic mitomycin C and complex DNA preparation. Transplantation experiments showed that high experimental doses of mitomycin C (20 μg/ml) totally destroy transplantation potential of U87 cells. Diminution of mitomycin C to therapeutic doses (5 μg/ ml) clearly demonstrated effect of complex double-stranded DNA preparation to reducing of U87 tumorigenic potential. These fully confirmed the concept of developed cancer treatment technology.
The starting point is the previously proposed phenomenological model of finite strain plasticity.

We develop the integral approach for the analysis of nonlocal ductile damage in metals. The original damage model is delocalized by the averaging operator, applied to damage-related quantities like porosity and continuity. Depending on the implemented delocalization procedure, at least one internal length parameter in introduced into the formulation. Efficient numerical algorithms are proposed. To test the robustness of the integral-based approach, low-order meshless smoothed particle simulations are carried out.

As a result, the damage localization is controlled by the presence of length-like parameters, thus regularizing the boundary value problem. Owing to the regularization, numerically robust and physically sound simulations of crack initiation and propagation are possible. Unphysical localization of strain and damage into a zero thickness layer is effectively prevented. From the theoretical standpoint, the basic properties of the new material model are analysed. Model’s thermodynamic consistency, objectivity, and w-invariance are established. As a demonstration problem, we simulate crack initiation and propagation in a compact tension specimen. The resulting force-displacement curves, apparent fracture toughness, energy dissipation, and patterns of damage distribution provide insight into the mechanical phenomena, captured by the framework. The impact of the modelling assumptions on the predicted structural strength is clarified: Isotropic and anisotropic averaging is discussed; the delocalization is applied on various configurations; continuity is introduced as a dual damage variable to minimize the unrealistic diffusion of damage.
We report the proof-of-concept of an operational laser active medium with a depressed cladding waveguide manufactured in the volume of a Cr 2+ :ZnS single-crystalline sample and antireflection microstructures fabricated on its facets exclusively by femtosecond laser processing techniques.

This allowed us to achieve transmittance in a broad range from 2 to 8 µm, approaching a maximum of over 90% near 2.5 µm, and lasing at 2275 nm at the average output power of 20 mW for the absorbed pump power of 500 mW with the slope efficiency of 5.5 %.

This demonstration opens up a route towards the industrial fabrication of compact integrable laser sources and sensors based on II-VI materials.
Powerful femtosecond laser pulses that propagate through narrow ablating capillaries cause modification of capillary walls, which is studied experimentally and theoretically. At low intensities, laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) and porous coating composed of sub-micron particles appear on the walls. At higher intensities, the surface is covered by deposited droplets of the size up to 10 $μ$m. In both cases, the ablated material forms a solid plug that completely blocks the capillary after several hundreds or thousands of pulses. The suggested theoretical model indicates that plug formation is a universal effect. It must take place in any narrow tube subject to ablation under the action of short laser pulses.
The modifcation of crop genomes employing functional components of the microbial CRISPR/Cas immune system is a rapidly developing area of applied research. Site-directed plant genome modifcation by this technology involves the construction of Cas endonuclease- and guide-RNA-encoding vectors, delivery of the plasmid DNA into plant cells, processing of the chosen genomic target site by the corresponding gene products and regeneration of plants from modifed cells. The utilization of this technology in local breeding programs is mainly limited by the typically strong genotype dependence of gene transfer and in vitro regeneration procedures, which holds particularly true in cereals.

In the present study, an evaluation of in vitro regeneration efciency of immature embryos of ten Siberian barley cultivars revealed that only one of these is on a par with the experimental standard cultivar Golden Promise. This cultivar, namely cv. Aley, was consequently chosen for further experiments on site-directed mutagenesis in leaf mesophyll protoplasts. Two genes controlling hulled vs naked ( Nud ) and two-rowed vs six-rowed barley ( Vrs1 ) were used as targets to be modifed via polyethyleneglycol-mediated cellular uptake of guide-RNA/Cas9-encoding plasmid DNA. Deep-sequencing of amplicons obtained from protoplast genomic DNA revealed that 6 to 22 percent of the target sites were mutated.

The detected modifcations comprised deletions in all three target sites and of various sizes, whereas insertions were observed in only one of the target genes ( Vrs1 ) and were confned to the size of 1 nucleotide. This study demonstrates the possibility of site-directed genome modifcation in Siberian barley. Further steps in technology advancement will require the development of protocols with reduced genotype dependence in terms of both the gene transfer to totipotent cells and the subsequent plant regeneration originating from such cells.
CuFe-containing catalysts with different copper oxide content were prepared by fusion of metal salts.

The obtained catalyst showed high activity in the hydrogenation of furfural to furfuryl alcohol (FA) in the batch reactor in the presence of isopropanol as a solvent at a temperature of 100 °C and a hydrogen pressure of 6.0 MPa. In the solvent-free reaction in the flow-type reactor; the most active catalyst Cu20Fe66Al14 leads to the 96% formation of FA with 100% conversion of furfural at liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) = 1 h−1; 160 °C and a hydrogen pressure of 5.0 MPa during 30 h. Using different methods, the formation of active sites was investigated.

The yield of FA and furfural conversion are 97% and 98%, respectively. According to the X-ray diffraction (XRD) method, the active component of the spent and fresh Cu20Fe66Al14 catalyst is the same and is represented by metallic copper and Fe3O4-type spinel.
The problem of interaction of a liquid metal drop with a porous substrate is studied. The proposed model takes into account the capillary and adhesive properties of the melt. In this paper, numerical calculations of the influence of the concentration of nanopowder inoculators on the geometric dimensions of the formed splat (solidified liquid particle) and the depth of penetration of the liquid into the substrate are carried out on the basis of this model.
Oxidative reactions that are catalyzed by cytochromes P450 1A (CYP1A) lead to formation of carcinogenic derivatives of arylamines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), such as the widespread environmental pollutant benzo(α)pyrene (BP). These compounds upregulate CYP1A at the transcriptional level via an arylhydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-dependent signaling pathway. Because of the involvement of AhR-dependent genes in chemically induced carcinogenesis, suppression of this signaling pathway could prevent tumor formation and/or progression. Here we show that menadione (a water-soluble analog of vitamin K3) inhibits BP-induced expression and enzymatic activity of both CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 in vivo (in the rat liver) and BP-induced activity of CYP1A1 in vitro. Coadministration of BP and menadione reduced DNA-binding activity of AhR and increased DNA-binding activity of transcription factors Oct-1 and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), which are known to be involved in negative regulation of AhR-dependent genes, in vivo. Expression of another factor involved in downregulation of CYP1A—pAhR repressor (AhRR)—was lower in the liver of the rats treated with BP and menadione, indicating that the inhibitory effect of menadione on CYP1A is not mediated by this protein. Furthermore, menadione was well tolerated by the animals: no signs of acute toxicity were detected by visual examination or by assessment of weight gain dynamics or liver function. Taken together, our results suggest that menadione can be used in further studies on animal models of chemically induced carcinogenesis because menadione may suppress tumor formation and possibly progression.
Doppler cooling of thorium ions is described. The technique is to be applied for cooling of ions in a multisectional linear Paul trap for precise spectroscopy of ions and eventually detecting an isomeric nuclear transition.
The resistivity of different films and structures containing fluorinated graphene (FG) flakes and chemical vapor deposition (CVD)-grown graphene of various fluorination degrees under tensile and compressive strains due to bending deformations was studied. Graphene and multilayer graphene films grown by means of the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method were transferred onto the flexible substrate by laminating and were subjected to fluorination. They demonstrated a weak fluorination degree (F/C lower 20%). Compressive strains led to a strong (one-two orders of magnitude) decrease in the resistivity in both cases, which was most likely connected with the formation of additional conductive paths through fluorinated graphene. Tensile strain up to 3% caused by the bending of both types of CVD-grown FG led to a constant value of the resistivity or to an irreversible increase in the resistivity under repeated strain cycles. FG films created from the suspension of the fluorinated graphene with a fluorination degree of 20-25%, after the exclusion of design details of the used structures, demonstrated a stable resistivity at least up to 2-3% of tensile and compressive strain. The scale of resistance changes R/R0 was found to be in the range of 14-28% with a different sign at the 10% tensile strain (bending radius 1 mm). In the case of the structures with the FG thin film printed on polyvinyl alcohol, a stable bipolar resistive switching was observed up to 6.5% of the tensile strain (bending radius was 2 mm). A further increase in strain (6.5-8%) leads to a decrease in ON/OFF current ratio from 5 down to 2 orders of magnitude. The current ratio decrease is connected with an increase under the tensile strain in distances between conductive agents (graphene islands and traps at the interface with polyvinyl alcohol) and thickness of fluorinated barriers within the active layer. The excellent performance of the crossbar memristor structures under tensile strain shows that the FG films and structures created from suspension are especially promising for flexible electronics.
Karyotypes of 3 diploid wheat species containing different variants of the A-genome, <i>Triticum boeoticum </i>(A<sup>b</sup>),<i> T. monococcum </i>(A<sup>b</sup>), and <i>T. urartu </i>(A<sup>u</sup>), were examined using C-banding and FISH with DNA probes representing 5S and 45S rDNA families, the microsatellite sequences GAA<sub>n</sub> and GTT<sub>n</sub>, the already known satellite sequences pSc119.2, Spelt52, <i>Fat</i>, pAs1, and pTa535, and a newly identified repeat called Aesp_SAT86. The C-banding patterns of the 3 species in general were similar; differences were observed in chromosomes 4A and 6A. Besides 2 major 45S rDNA loci on chromosomes 1A and 5A, 2 minor polymorphic NORs were observed in the terminal part of 5AL and in the distal part of 6AS in all species. An additional minor locus was found in the distal part of 7A<sup>b</sup>L of <i>T. boeoticum </i>and <i>T. monococcum, </i>but not in <i>T. urartu.</i> Two 5S rDNA loci were observed in 1AS and 5AS. The pTa535 probe displayed species- and chromosome-specific hybridization patterns, allowing complete chromosome identification and species discrimination. The distribution of pTa535 on the A<sup>u</sup><i>-</i>genome chromosomes was more similar to that on the A-genome chromosomes of <i>T. dicoccoides </i>and <i>T. araraticum, </i>thus confirming the origin of these genomes from <i>T. urartu. </i>The probe pAs1 allowed the identification of 4 chromosomes of <i>T. urartu</i> and 2 of <i>T. boeoticum </i>or <i>T. monococcum. </i>The Aesp_SAT86-derived patterns were polymorphic; main clusters were observed on chromosomes 1A<sup>u</sup> and 3A<sup>u</sup> of <i>T. urartu </i>and chromosomes 3A<sup>b</sup> and 6A<sup>b</sup> of <i>T. boeoticum.</i> Thus, a set of probes, pTa535, pAs1, GAA<sub>n</sub> and GTT<sub>n</sub>, pTa71, pTa794, and Aesp_SAT86, proved to be most informative for the analysis of A-genomes in diploid and polyploid wheat species.