Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
In this work, the Monte Carlo method is used to determine the effectiveness of investments of Russian projects of the export of liquefied natural gas to the countries of the Asia-Pacific region, namely Japan, China and South Korea. The volumes of capital costs for the construction of the facility, operating costs for the operation of the facility, the price of liquefied natural gas were chosen as free parameters in the application of the Monte Carlo method. To perform the work, a forecast of prices for liquefied natural gas in the Asia-Pacific region was made based on the forecast of prices for Brent crude oil. Furthermore, the paper presents a forecast of operating costs for the operation of the project until 2035. The result is to determine the economic efficiency of the Yamal LNG project. The application of the Monte Carlo method showed that the net present value of the project by 2035 is most likely to be about $ 22 billion. Such an excellent result was possible due to the significant tax benefits provided by the state in accordance with the program of development of the oil and gas industry in the Arctic part of Russia.
A novel effect of fast heating and charging a finite-radius plasma is discovered in the context of plasma wakefield acceleration. As the plasma wave breaks, most of its energy is transferred to plasma electrons. The electrons gain substantial transverse momentum and escape the plasma radially, which gives rise to a strong charge-separation electric field and azimuthal magnetic field around the plasma. The slowly varying field structure is preserved for hundreds of wakefield periods and contains (together with hot electrons) up to 80% of the initial wakefield energy.
The article aims to fill the existing gaps within the national historiography related to the condition and behavior of socialist parties of Russia during one of the crucial stages of the civil war in the East of the country: during the defeat of Kolchak’s regime and the establishment of the bodies of the so-called dictatorship of the proletariat.

This task is solved on both empirical and conceptual levels. In the first case, new factual materials found mainly in newspaper periodicals in central and local archives were introduced into scientific discourse. These materials make it possible to give a general idea of events, motives and causes which determined firstly an active participation of the majority of factions and groups of socialists in Siberia during the overthrow of Kolchak, and secondly the transition of their extreme left elements and groups to communist positions.

On a conceptual level two main conclusions are made in the article. Firstly, it is stated that between late November 1919 and early January 1920, all principal towns of Siberian provinces except Omsk were reconquered by rebels prior to the arrival of the Red Army. Such a fast and almost bloodless overthrow of Kolchak’s power in most large administrative centers of Siberia is explained by an active participation of socialists in the struggle against the White Guard regime, by a spontaneous formation of the «United Revolutionary Front» throughout various separate local territories. Secondly, it is argued that the affiliation of some socialists with the RCP(b), and especially self-liquidation of the whole Menshevik and SRs groups of different directions and their transition to the communist party played a tremendous significance. Among them, there were many qualified specialists, experienced executives and simply educated people. In Siberia where the organization of the RCP(b) was inconsiderable in number and experienced a critical shortage of staff, they mitigated the difficult situation by their participation in creating and functioning the restored bodies of the Soviet power.
We present a contact method for local measurements of liquid film thickness and temperature. The sensing element is a microthermocouple with flat bead working on the Seebeck effect. The bead size of the manufactured thermocouple is less than 3 μm. A special software is developed which synchronizes microthermocouple readings and the motorized stage position, allowing automatic determination of the thickness of the liquid layer. The interface position is determined as a position of abrupt change in temperature. In some cases this measured temperature difference corresponds to the temperature jump value. In the case of the absence of a temperature difference, the interface position is determined from the difference in temperature gradients, from the so-called fracture of the temperature profile at the interface that occurs due to the difference in thermal conductivity between the gas and the liquid. Four different types of liquid, H2O, C2H5OH, CH2I2, and HFE-7100, are used in the experiments. This technique simultaneously provides data on the local film thickness and temperature profile, including the temperature value at the liquid-gas interface, using one instrument. Our measurements are in excellent agreement with the measurements by the shadow method. The method can be adopted for measurements of void fraction in two-phase flow. In the case of the existence of measurable temperature jump the thermal resistance of the liquid-gas interface can be estimated.
The novel microwave quasi-elliptic bandstop filter, which uses the initially uncoupled strip transmission lines, is considered in this work.

The proposed filter is based on the reentrant structure, where the metallic body with a floating potential is asymmetric. Generally speaking, the internal and external dielectric fillings must have their unequal relative permittivities. As a result, additional symmetrical reflection zeros are reached at the lower and upper pass bands of the stop band leading to the quasi-elliptic function response that improves the filter selectivity. The general transverse electromagnetic (TEM) circuit model for the proposed filter in terms of a series connection of the multi-ports is presented and then used to predict the initial electrical and geometrical parameters. An experimental printed circuit prototype has been manufactured and evaluated to validate the design concept.

The measured filter parameters correlate well with the simulation-derived ones and that increases the degree of freedom in the fabrication of microwave frequency selective components.
We have proposed a new method for solving the problem of ship waves excited on the surface of a nonviscous liquid by a submerged object that moves at a variable speed. As a first application of this method, we have obtained a new solution to the classic problem of ship waves generated by a submerged ball that moves rectilinearly with constant velocity parallel to the equilibrium surface of the liquid. For this example, we have derived asymptotic expressions describing the vertical displacement of the liquid surface in the limit of small and large values of the Froude number. The exact solution is presented in the form of two terms, each of which is reduced to one-dimensional integrals. One term describes the ``Bernoulli hump'' and another term the ``Kelvin wedge.'' As a second example, we considered vertical oscillation of the submerged ball. In this case, the solution leads to the calculation of one-dimensional integral and describes surface waves propagating from the epicenter above the ball.
In vivo study of cerebral metabolism in neonatal animals by high-resolution magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is an important tool for deciphering the developmental origins of adult diseases. Up to date, all in vivo spectrum acquisition procedures have been performed in neonatal rodents under anesthesia. However, it is still unknown if the inhaled anesthetic isoflurane, which is commonly used in magnetic resonance imaging studies, could affect metabolite levels in the brain of neonatal rats. Moreover, the unanesthetized MRS preparation that uses neonatal rodent pups is still lacking. Here, a novel restraint protocol was developed for neonatal rats in accordance with the European Directive 2010/63/EU. This protocol shares the same gradation of severity as the protocol for non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging of animals with appropriate sedation or anesthesia. Such immobilization of neonatal rats without anesthesia can be implemented for MRS studies when an interaction between anesthetic and target drugs is expected. Short-term isoflurane treatment did not affect the levels of key metabolites in the hippocampi of anesthetized pups and, in contrast to juvenile and adult rodents, it is suitable for MRS studies in neonatal rats when the interaction between anesthetic and target drugs is not expected.
УДК 81'33 Е.Е. Абрамкина МОДЕЛИ АРГУМЕНТАЦИИ В АВТОРОВЕДЧЕСКОЙ ЭКСПЕРТИЗЕ ПРОЦЕССУАЛЬНЫХ ДОКУМЕНТОВРассматривается использование моделей аргументации в автороведческой экспертизе.Выдвигается гипотеза, согласно которой автор в сходных коммуникативных ситуациях применяет одну и ту же структуру аргументативного высказывания, модель аргументации, при
Density-functional perturbation theory and Raman spectroscopy are used in the study of vibrations in bulk V${}_{2}$VI${}_{3}$ binary and ternary topological insulators as well as in ultrathin films composed of one and two quintuple layers. Full dispersion curves along the Brillouin zone symmetry directions are calculated and analyzed and the zone-center Raman active modes are compared to the experimental results. The calculations of the two quintuple layer films reveal modes that correspond to displacements of entire quintuple layer blocks. These modes have low frequencies and are Raman active. The phonon dispersion curves of one and two quintuple layer Bi${}_{2}$Se${}_{3}$ films are compared with recent helium atom scattering experiments [Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 186102 (2011)].
Estimation of the structure response to seismic motion is an important part of structural analysis related to mitigation of seismic risk caused by earthquakes. Many methods of computing structure response require knowledge of mechanical properties of the ground which could be derived from near-surface seismic studies.

In this paper we address computationally efficient implementation of the wave-equation tomography. We present computationally efficient hybrid kinematic-dynamic method for finite-difference (FD) modeling of the first-arrival seismic waveforms. At every time step the FD computations are performed only in a moving narrowband following the first-arrival wavefront. In terms of computations we get two advantages from this approach: computation speedup and memory savings when storing computed first-arrival waveforms (it is not necessary to make calculations or store the complete numerical grid).

Proposed approach appears to be specifically useful for constructing the so-called sensitivity kernels widely used for tomographic velocity update from seismic data. We then apply the proposed approach for efficient implementation of the wave-equation tomography of the first-arrival seismic waveforms.
Continental-scale estimates of vegetation cover, including land-surface properties and biogeographic trends, reflect the response of plant species to climate change over the past millennia. These estimates can help assess the effectiveness of simulations of climate change using forward and inverse modelling approaches. With the advent of transient and contiguous time-slice palaeoclimate simulations, vegetation datasets with similar temporal qualities are desirable. We collated fossil pollen records for the period 21,000–0 cal yr BP (kyr cal BP; calibrated ages) for Europe and Asia north of 40°N, using extant databases and new data; we filtered records for adequate dating and sorted the nomenclature to conform to a consistent yet extensive taxon list. From this database we extracted pollen spectra representing 1000-year time-slices from 21 kyr cal BP to present and used the biomization approach to define the most likely vegetation biome represented. Biomes were mapped for the 22 time slices, and key plant functional types (PFTs, the constituents of the biomes) were tracked though time. An error matrix and index of topographic complexity clearly showed that the accuracy of pollen-based biome assignments (when compared with modern vegetation) was negatively correlated with topographic complexity, but modern vegetation was nevertheless effectively mapped by the pollen, despite moderate levels of misclassification for most biomes. The pattern at 21 ka is of herb-dominated biomes across the whole region. From the onset of deglaciation (17–18 kyr cal BP), some sites in Europe record forest biomes, particularly the south, and the proportion of forest biomes gradually increases with time through 14 kyr cal BP. During the same period, forest biomes and steppe or tundra biomes are intermixed across the central Asian mountains, and forest biomes occur in coastal Pacific areas. These forest biome occurrences, plus a record of dated plant macrofossils, indicate that some tree populations existed in southern and Eastern Europe and central and far-eastern Eurasia. PFT composition of the herbaceous biomes emphasises the significant contribution of diverse forbs to treeless vegetation, a feature often obscured in pollen records. An increase in moisture ca. 14 kyr cal BP is suggested by a shift to woody biomes and an increase in sites recording initialization and development of lakes and peat deposits, particularly in the European portion of the region. Deforestation of Western Europe, presumably related to agricultural expansion, is clearly visible in the most recent two millennia.
Genetic analysis of nuclear-cytoplasm incompatibilities is not straightforward and requires an elaborated experimental design. A number of species have been genetically studied, but notable advances in genetic mapping of nuclear loci involved in nuclear-plastid incompatibility have been achieved only in wheat and pea.

This review focuses on the study of the genetic background underlying nuclear-plastid incompatibilities, including cases where the molecular genetic basis of such incompatibility has been unveiled, such as in tobacco, Oenothera, pea, and wheat.
Approach for in vivo real-time assessment of tumor tissue extracellular pH (pH(e)), redox, and intracellular glutathione based on L-band EPR spectroscopy using dual function pH and redox nitroxide probe and disulfide nitroxide biradical, is described.

These parameters were monitored in PyMT mice bearing breast cancer tumors during treatment with granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor. In addition to spectroscopic studies, pH(e) mapping was performed using recently proposed variable frequency proton-electron double-resonance imaging. The pH mapping superimposed with MRI image supports probe localization in mammary gland/tumor tissue.

It was observed that tumor pH(e) is about 0.4 pH units lower than that in normal mammary gland tissue. Treatment with granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor decreased the value of pH(e) by 0.3 units compared with PBS control treatment. Tumor tissue reducing capacity and intracellular glutathione were elevated compared with normal mammary gland tissue. Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor treatment resulted in a decrease of the tumor tissue reducing capacity and intracellular glutathione content. Shows high heterogeneity of tumor tissue pH(e) and a difference of about 0.4 pH units between average pH(e) values in tumor and normal mammary gland. In summary, the developed multifunctional approach allows for in vivo, noninvasive pH(e), extracellular redox, and intracellular glutathione content monitoring during investigation of various therapeutic strategies for solid tumors.
Thermal stability in combustion reaction for natural graphite, graphene and several expanded graphite phases were studied; the kinetic parameters of the oxidation reaction were calculated for two samples.Natural graphite (crystalline particles 200 -300 µm) has the maximum stability (E 1 = 201 ± 2 kJ/mol, lg A 1 = 7.1 ± 0.1), while multilayer graphene is the most reactive (E 2 = 120 ± 1 kJ mol -1 , lg A 2 = 4.3 ± 0.10).The different sample grain sizes and their different structures result in different thermal stabilities: both in the reaction zones location (i.e. in the topochemical equation forms), and in the kinetic parameters' values.
Hall viscosity is a nondissipative response function describing momentum transport in two-dimensional (2D) systems with broken time-reversal symmetry. In the classical regime, Hall viscosity contributes to the viscous flow of 2D electrons in the presence of a magnetic field.

We observe a pronounced, negative Hall resistivity at low magnetic field in a mesoscopic size, two-dimensional electron system, which is attributed to Hall viscosity in the inhomogeneous charge flow.

Experimental results supported by a theoretical analysis confirm that the conditions for observation of Hall viscosity are correlated with predictions.
The hybrid zone between chromosome races of the common shrew (Sorex araneus) provides an exceptional model to study the potential role of chromosome rearrangements in the initial steps of speciation. The Novosibirsk and Tomsk races differ by a series of Robertsonian fusions with monobrachial homology. They form a narrow hybrid zone and generate hybrids with both simple (chain of three chromosomes) and complex (chain of eight or nine) synaptic configurations.

Using immunolocalisation of the meiotic proteins, we examined chromosome pairing and recombination in males from the hybrid zone.

Homozygotes and simple heterozygotes for Robertsonian fusions showed a low frequency of synaptic aberrations (< 10%). The carriers of complex synaptic configurations showed multiple pairing abnormalities, which might lead to reduced fertility. Recombination frequency in the proximal regions of most chromosomes of all karyotypes was much lower than in the other regions. The strong suppression of recombination in the pericentromeric regions and co-segregation of race specific chromosomes involved in the long chains would be expected to lead to linkage disequilibrium between genes located there. Genic differentiation, together with the high frequency of pairing aberrations in male carriers of the long chains, might contribute to maintenance of the narrow hybrid zone.
The role of rare genetic variation in the etiology of complex disease remains unclear. However, the development of next-generation sequencing technologies offers the experimental opportunity to address this question. Several novel statistical methodologies have been recently proposed to assess the contribution of rare variation to complex disease etiology. Nevertheless, no empirical estimates comparing their relative power are available.

We therefore assessed the parameters that influence their statistical power in 1,998 individuals Sanger-sequenced at seven genes by modeling different distributions of effect, proportions of causal variants, and direction of the associations (deleterious, protective, or both) in simulated continuous trait and case/control phenotypes.

Our results demonstrate that the power of recently proposed statistical methods depend strongly on the underlying hypotheses concerning the relationship of phenotypes with each of these three factors. No method demonstrates consistently acceptable power despite this large sample size, and the performance of each method depends upon the underlying assumption of the relationship between rare variants and complex traits. Sensitivity analyses are therefore recommended to compare the stability of the results arising from different methods, and promising results should be replicated using the same method in an independent sample. These findings provide guidance in the analysis and interpretation of the role of rare base-pair variation in the etiology of complex traits and diseases.
Remote sensing using hyperspectral cameras is an important technology for non-destructive monitoring of plant pigment composition, which is closely related to their physiological state or infection with pathogens.

The paper presents the experience of using Specim IQ, a mobile hyperspectral camera, to study common root rot (the pathogen is the fungus Bipolaris sorokiniana Shoem.) affecting the seedlings of four wheat varieties and to analyze the pulp of potato tubers of 82 lines and varieties. Spectral characteristics were obtained for seedlings and the most informative spectral features (indices) for root rot detection were determined based on the data obtained. Seedlings of control variants in the visible part of the spectrum show an increase in reflectance with a small peak in the green area (about 550 nm), then a decrease due to light absorption by plant pigments with an extremum at a wavelength of about 680 nm.

Analysis of histograms of vegetation index values demonstrated that the TVI and MCARI indices are the most informative for detecting the pathogen on wheat seedlings according to hyperspectral survey data. For potato samples, regions of the spectrum were found that correspond to local maxima and minima of reflection. It was shown that the spectra of potato varieties have the greatest differences within wavelength ranges of 900-1000 nm and 400-450 nm, which in the former case may be associated with the level of water content, and in the latter, with the formation of melanin in the tubers. It was shown that according to the characteristics of the spectrum, the samples studied are divided into three groups, each characterized by increased or reduced intensity levels for the specified parts of the spectrum. In addition, minima in the reflection spectra corresponding to chlorophyll a were found for a number of varieties. The results demonstrate the capabilities of the Specim IQ camera for conducting hyperspectral analyses of plant objects.
Novosibirsk Scientific Center (NSC), also known worldwide as Akademgorodok, is one of the largest Russian scientific centers hosting Novosibirsk State University (NSU) and more than 35 research organizations of the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences including Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (BINP), Institute of Computational Technologies, and Institute of Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Geophysics (ICM&MG). Since each institute has specific requirements on the architecture of computing farms involved in its research field, currently we've got several computing facilities hosted by NSC institutes, each optimized for a particular set of tasks, of which the largest are the NSU Supercomputer Center, Siberian Supercomputer Center (ICM&MG), and a Grid Computing Facility of BINP. A dedicated optical network with the initial bandwidth of 10 Gb/s connecting these three facilities was built in order to make it possible to share the computing resources among the research communities, thus increasing the efficiency of operating the existing computing facilities and offering a common platform for building the computing infrastructure for future scientific projects. Unification of the computing infrastructure is achieved by extensive use of virtualization technology based on XEN and KVM platforms. This contribution gives a thorough review of the present status and future development prospects for the NSC virtualized computing infrastructure and the experience gained while using it for running production data analysis jobs related to HEP experiments being carried out at BINP, especially the KEDR detector experiment at the VEPP-4M electron-positron collider.