Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Reptiles show a remarkable diversity of sex determination mechanisms and sex chromosome systems, derived from different autosomal pairs. The origin of the ZW sex chromosomes of Lacerta agilis , a widespread Eurasian lizard species, is a matter of discussion: is it a small macrochromosome from the 11-18 group, common to all lacertids, or this species has unique ZW pair derived from the large chromosome 5. Using independent molecular cytogenetic methods, we investigated the karyotype of L. agilis exigua from Siberia, Russia, to identify the sex chromosomes. FISH with the flow-sorted chromosome painting probe, derived from L. strigata and specific to chromosomes 13, 14, and Z, confirmed that the Z chromosome of L. agilis is a small macrochromosome, the same as in L. strigata . FISH with the telomeric probe showed an extensive accumulation of the telomeric repeat on the W chromosome in agreement with previous studies, excluding the possibility that the lineages of L. agilis studied in different works could have different sex chromosome systems due to a putative intra-species polymorphism. Our results reinforce the idea of the stability of the sex chromosomes and lack of evidence for sex-chromosome turnovers in known species of Lacertidae.
We present numerical simulations and experimental results of the self-modulation of a long proton bunch in a plasma with linear density gradients along the beam path. Simulation results agree with the experimental results reported [F. Braunmller, T. Nechaeva et al. (AWAKE Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 264801 (2020)]: with negative gradients, the charge of the modulated bunch is lower than with positive gradients. In addition, the bunch modulation frequency varies with gradient. Simulation results show that dephasing of the wakefields with respect to the relativistic protons along the plasma is the main cause for the loss of charge. The study of the modulation frequency reveals details about the evolution of the self-modulation process along the plasma. In particular for negative gradients, the modulation frequency across time-resolved images of the bunch indicates the position along the plasma where protons leave the wakefields. Simulations and experimental results are in excellent agreement.
Purpose: to study the clinical and laboratory efficacy of the platelet autoplasma use in the complex treatment of endogenous uveitis associated with systemic diseases accompanied by macular edema.

Material and methods.The study included 46 people (72 eyes) with endogenous uveitis and macular edema.The diagnosis was made on the basis of the ophthalmological examination, including visometry, tonometry, biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscopy, perimetry, B-scan, optical coherence tomography of the macular zone, photoregistration of the anterior, posterior segment of the eye.The examination was carried out on the 1st and 10th day of treatment.The main group consisted of 22 people (36 eyes) who underwent anti-inflammatory therapy and the introduction of platelet plasma in the region of the pterygopalatine fossa.The control group consisted of 24 people (36 eyes) receiving only anti-inflammatory therapy (diprospan 0.5 paraequatorially №1, dexazone 4 mg intravenously №5, intravenous lasix 2.0 ml №5, electrophoresis with prednisolone № 7).All patients underwent the definition of IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17 in tear fluid before the study and on the 10th day.

Results.The significant increase in the concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-17A and IL-8) and IL-4 and IL-6 involved in the development of autoimmune response and chronic inflammation was found in the patients with endogenous uveitis and macular edema.The use in the treatment of endogenous uveitis with macular edema of platelet autoplasma leads to more pronounced improvement of clinico-ophthalmological parameters (improvement in visual acuity, retinal photosensitivity, and retinal thickness reduction) relating to the comparison group.A decrease in the activity of the inflammatory process was noted in the main group after treatment, which is manifested by a significant decrease in the concentrations of IL-17A, IL-8, IL-4, IL-6, relating to the data obtained in the comparison group.The proposed scheme of complex treatment allows reducing the frequency of relapses of the pathological process.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite a high prevalence of smoking and respiratory symptoms, two recent population-based studies in Russia found a relatively low prevalence of obstructive lung function.

Here, we investigated the prevalence of both obstructive lung disease and respiratory symptoms in a population-based study conducted in two Russian cities and compared the findings with a similar study from Norway conducted in the same time period.The study population was a sub-sample of participants aged 40-69 years participating in the Know Your Heart (KYH) study in Russia in 2015-18 (n=1883) and in the 7th survey of the Tromsø Study (n=5271) carried out in Norway in 2015-16 (Tromsø 7) who participated in spirometry examinations. The main outcome was obstructive lung function (FEV1/FVC ratio< lower limit of normal on pre-bronchodilator spirometry examination) with and without respiratory symptoms (chronic cough and breathlessness). In those with obstructive lung function, awareness (known diagnosis) and management (use of medications, smoking cessation) were compared.

The age-standardized prevalence of obstructive lung function was similar among men in both studies (KYH 11.0% vs Tromsø 7 9.8%, p=0.21) and higher in the Norwegian (9.4%) than Russian (6.8%) women (p=0.006). In contrast, the prevalence of obstructive lung function plus respiratory symptoms was higher in Russian men (KYH 8.3% vs Tromsø 7 4.7%, p<0.001) but similar in women (KYH 5.9% vs Tromsø 7 6.4%, p=0.18). There was a much higher prevalence of respiratory symptoms in Russian than Norwegian participants of both sexes regardless of presence of obstructive lung function.The prevalence of respiratory symptoms was strikingly high among Russian participants but this was not explained by a higher burden of obstructive lung function on spirometry testing in comparison with Norwegian participants. Further work is needed to understand the reasons and health implications of this high prevalence of cough and breathlessness.
For ergodic Z d and R d -actions, we obtain a pointwise lower bound for the supremum of ergodic averages.For Z d -actions in the case when the supremum is taken over multi-indices exceeding ⃗ n located in a certain sector, the resulting inequality is not improvable over ⃗ n in the class of all averaging integrable functions.
We obtain a number of new general properties, related to the closedness of the class of long-tailed distributions under convolutions, that are of interest themselves and may be applied in many models that deal with "plus" and/or "max" operations on heavy-tailed random variables.

We analyse the closedness property under convolution roots for these distributions. Namely, we introduce two classes of heavy-tailed distributions that are not long-tailed and study their properties.

These examples help to provide further insights and, in particular, to show that the properties to be both long-tailed and so-called "generalised subexponential" are not preserved under the convolution roots. This leads to a negative answer to a conjecture of Embrechts and Goldie [10, 12] for the class of long-tailed and generalised subexponential distributions. In particular, our examples show that the following is possible: an infinitely divisible distribution belongs to both classes, while its Levy measure is neither long-tailed nor generalised subexponential.
We study nonlinear mode interaction in the cylindrical microresonator with nanoscale radius variation.

We obtain a model which describes the interplay between azimuthal modes and investigate the nonlinear dynamics of axial-azimuthal modes. We also define regimes of generation depending on the pump parameters. Using a properly designed radius longitudinal profile,

we obtain broadband generation of stable low-repetition-rate frequency combs based on axial-azimuthal modes.
A brief review of the recent results on the hadronic cross section measurements with the CMD-3 detector at the e + e − collider VEPP-2000 is given. Focus is made on the processes with charged kaons in multihadron events, which have a strong impact on strange meson spectroscopy and form factors that are important ingredients in the Dalitz plot analysis. Experimental data relevant to the topic are presented from the broad energy range covered by VEPP-2000 and compared to earlier measurements by the different collaborations. The analysis is based on the integrated luminosity of about 100 pb −1 collected in 2011, 2012 and 2017.
Rationale: Lung cancer is the leader in high mortality rates among other malignancies. This is largely due to the asymptomatic course of the disease and, as a consequence, to its late diagnosis. To optimize the oncology service of the Novosibirsk region in terms of diagnosis, treatment, follow-up and management of this patient category, it seems prudent to study the epidemiological characteristics of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with consideration of its histologic types. Aim: To perform the survival analysis in patients with squamous cell lung cancer (SCLC) and adenocarcinoma of the lung (ACL) depending on their age, sex and disease stage. Materials and methods: We analyzed medical files of patients diagnosed with SCLC (n = 3007) and ACL (n = 3049) who were treated in the Novosibirsk Regional Oncologic Dispensary from 2015 to 2019. The study included 4758 men and 1298 women (mean age, 68 years; men 66.8 years, women 69.1 years). Results: The majority (96%) of the NSCLC patients were above 50 years of age. The 5-year survival rate of the patients with SCLC and ACL was below 20%. Median survival of the SCLC patients was 443 days (interquartile range [IQR] 138; 1241), of those with ACL, 552 (IQR 107; 1511) days. At the diagnosis of NSCLC, 67% of the patients had stage III/IV of the disease. Maximal survival (10 to 15 years) was found in the NSCLC patients aged 61 years who had been diagnosed at stage III of the disease. Testing of the hypothesis on the impact of histological type of NSCLC on survival at a particular disease stage (Wilcoxon-Gehan test for unpaired samples) showed an association between the survival and histological type only for stage IV (p = 0.000001); median survival in ACL IV was 80 days and in SCLC IV, 104 days. Men comprised 87% of the SCLC group and 73% of the ACL one. In SCLC, there was no gender difference in the median survival rates (log rank test, p = 0.48). The median survival of the female patients with ACL was longer than that of the male ones (329 vs 169 days, log rank test, p = 0.000001). The major proportion of the SCLC and ACL patients was in the age range of 61 to 75 years (59% and 50%, respectively). The least favorable outcomes were seen in the patients below 50 years of age, and the most favorable, in those above 75 years. In SCLC, the median survival was 156 days in the patients below 50 years of age, 238.5 days in those aged from 51 to 60 years, 300 days in the age of 61 to 75 years, and 487 days in the patients above 75 years of age (chi-square test 98.77097; df = 3; p = 0.000001). In ACL, the respective values were 143, 201, 210.5, and 230 days (chi-square test 23.93492; df = 3; p = 0.00003). Conclusion: The analysis of survival of the patients with SCLC and ACL in the Novosibirsk region has shown that the disease stage and age significantly impact the median survival. These are the characteristic features of the general morbidity and mortality from NSCLC.
We present the results of development of an optical frequency standard based on Yb:YAG laser with second harmonic at 515 nm. The laser frequency is locked to the saturated-absorption resonance in a gas cell filled with molecular iodine. Final instability of the standard is 1.3×10–15 at 104 s.
some researchers have demonstrated a link between the genetic polymorphism of certain pro-infl ammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6) and the risk of developing precancerous diseases of the stomach and gastric cancer (GC).

Aim : to study the genotypes and alleles frequency of polymorphisms of –511C/T (rs16944) of the IL1B gene and 174G/C (rs1800795) of the IL6 gene in patients with serologically detected atrophic gastritis (AG) — the main precancerous lesions of the stomach. Materials and methods . the study included 55 people (45 females and10 males) with an average age of 58.2 ± 11.5 years with signs of obvious or possible atrophy of diff erent parts of the gastric mucosa revealed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with determination of pepsinogen levels I (PGI), PGII, the PGI / PGII ratio, gastrin-17 and IgG antibodies to H. pylori using the “GastroPanel” diagnostic kit (Biohit Plc, Helsinski, Finland). DNA was isolated from venous blood using the phenol-chloroform extraction method. DNA samples were genotyped according to published methods.

Conclusions : in patients with signs of corpus atrophy (low PGI, PGI PGII ratios), the homozygous variant with a rare T allele, which is associated with increased IL-1β production and the development of a hypoacid state, was 4 times more likely than the homozygous C/C variant (p = 0.04). The results obtained suggest a possible association of IL1B polymorphism (carriage of a rare T allele) with the formation of a cancer phenotype of gastritis. The contribution of IL6 polymorphism requires further refi nement.
Purpose. The authors considered and analyzed various types of iron arrowheads that are kept as a part of weapon col-lection in the private museum “Rarity” in Bishkek, in the Kyrgyz Republic. We traced primary events related to the history of studying types of iron arrows that were detected at different times by scientists and modern collectors of antiquities on the territory of Tian Shan and Jetysu. Results. The armament objects of long-range combat are classified according to their formal signs. All iron arrowheads from the collection studied were divided into particular groups and types by characteristic features of their section and form of feather. On the basis of our formal and typological analysis, we put forward several suggestions about possible functionality of the types of iron arrowheads that we singled out. Some arrowheads were intended for defeat of lightly-armed hostile warriors, whereas other types were created for archery against heavily-armed adversaries, who were defended by metal or chain armor. Still other arrowheads were universal and could be applied for shelling both warriors non-protected with metal armor and warriors who had those defensive means. Conclusion. Our analysis of iron arrowheads from this collection can be used further for characterizing long-range combat weapon complexes of ancient and medieval warriors of several ethnic groups which resided on the territory of Tian Shan and Jetysu in the boundaries of the Kyrgyz Republic during the Hunnic times and following historical periods of the Early and High Middle Ages.
In our previous paper [Terekhov et al., Phys. Rev. E 95, 062133 (2017)2470-004510.1103/PhysRevE.95.062133] we considered the optical channel modeled by the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with zero dispersion and additive Gaussian noise. We found per-sample channel capacity for this model. In the present paper we extend the per-sample channel model by introducing the initial signal dependence on time and the output signal detection procedure. The proposed model is a closer approximation of the realistic communications link than the per-sample model where there is no dependence of the initial signal on time. For the proposed model we found the correlators of the output signal both analytically and numerically. Using these correlators we built the conditional probability density function. Then we calculated an entropy of the output signal, a conditional entropy, and the mutual information. Maximizing the mutual information we found the optimal input signal distribution, channel capacity, and their dependence on the shape of the initial signal in the time domain for the intermediate power range.
Many ionic liquids (ILs) can be mixed with water, forming either true solutions or emulsions. This favors their applications in many respects, but at the same time might strongly alter their physicochemical properties. A number of methods exist for studying the macroscopic properties of such mixtures, whereas understanding their characteristics at micro/nanoscale is rather challenging.

In this work we investigate microscopic properties, such as viscosity and local structuring, in binary water mixtures of IL [Bmim]BF4 in liquid and glassy states. For this sake, we use continuous wave and pulse electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy with dedicated spin probes, located preferably in IL-rich domains or distributed in IL- and water-rich domains.

We demonstrate that the glassy-state nanostructuring of IL-rich domains is very similar to that in neat ILs. At the same time, in liquid state the residual water makes local viscosity in IL-rich domains noticeably different compared to neat ILs, even though the overwhelming amount of water is contained in water-rich domains. These results have to be taken into account in various applications of IL-water mixtures, especially in those cases demanding the combinations of optimum micro- and macroscopic characteristics.
The polymorphism of molecular crystals is a well-known phenomenon, resulting in modifications of physicochemical properties of solid phases. Low temperatures and high pressures are widely used to find phase transitions and quench new solid forms. In this study, L-Leucinium hydrogen maleate (LLHM), the first molecular crystal that preserves its anomalous plasticity at cryogenic temperatures, is studied at extreme conditions using Raman spectroscopy and optical microscopy. LLHM was cooled down to 11 K without any phase transition, while high pressure impact leads to perceptible changes in crystal structure in the interval of 0.0–1.35 GPa using pentane-isopentane media. Surprisingly, pressure transmitting media (PTM) play a significant role in the behavior of the LLHM system at extreme conditions—we did not find any phase change up to 3.05 GPa using paraffin as PTM. A phase transition of LLHM to amorphous form or solid–solid phase transition(s) that results in crystal fracture is reported at high pressures. LLHM stability at low temperatures suggests an alluring idea to prove LLHM preserves plasticity below 77 K.
The Tatun Volcanic Group (TVG) is proximal to the metropolis of Taipei City (population of ca. 7 million) and has long been a major concern due to the potential risks from volcanic activity to the population and critical infrastructure. While the TVG has been previously considered a dormant or extinct volcano, recent evidence suggests a much younger age of the last eruption event (~ 6000 years) and possible existence of a magma reservoir beneath the TVG. However, the location, dimension, and detailed geometry of the magma reservoir and plumbing system remains largely unknown.

To examine the TVG volcanic plumbing structure in detail, the local P-wave travel time data and the teleseismic waveform data from a new island-wide Formosa Array Project are combined for a 3D tomographic joint inversion.

The new model reveals a magma reservoir with a notable P-wave velocity reduction of 19% (ca. ~ 19% melt fraction) at 8–20 km beneath eastern TVG and with possible northward extension to a shallower depth near where active submarine volcanoes that have been detected. Enhanced tomographic images also reveal sporadic magmatic intrusion/underplating in the lower crust of Husehshan Range and northern Taiwan. These findings suggest an active volcanic plumbing system induced by post-collisional extension associated with the collapse of the orogen.
Nowadays, the rapidly growing population, climate change, and environment pollution put heavy pressure on fresh water resources. The atmosphere is the immense worldwide and available water source. The Adsorptive Water Harvesting from the Atmosphere (AWHA) method is considered a promising alternative to desalination technologies for remote arid regions. The development of novel adsorbents with advanced water-adsorption properties is a prerequisite for practical realization of this method. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are a novel class of porous crystalline solids that bring a great potential for AWHA due to their extremely high specific surface area, porosity, and tailored adsorption properties. This work addresses MIL-160 as a water adsorbent for AWHA. The water-adsorption equilibrium of MIL-160 was studied by volumetric method, the isosteric heat of adsorption was calculated, and finally, the potential of MIL-160 for AWHA was evaluated for climatic conditions of the deserts of Saudi Arabia, Mongolia, the Sahara, Atacama, and Mojave as reference arid regions. MIL-160 was shown to ensure a maximum specific water productivity of 0.31–0.33 gH2O/gads per cycle. High fractions of water extracted (0.90–0.98) and collected (0.48–0.97) could be achieved at a regeneration temperature of 80 °C with natural cooling of the condenser by ambient air. The specific energy consumption for water production varied from 3.5 to 6.8 kJ/g, which is acceptable if solar heat is used to drive the desorption. The AWHA method employing MIL-160 is a promising way to achieve a fresh water supply in remote arid areas.
We present a search for the direct production of a light pseudoscalar a decaying into two photons with the Belle II detector at the SuperKEKB collider. We search for the process e^{+}e^{-}→γa, a→γγ in the mass range 0.2
The main characteristics of coherent bremsstrahlung (CBS) for the Beijing Electron-Positron Collider are calculated. At this collider dNγ similar 3 × 108 dEγ/Eγ photons of CBS will be emitted for a single collision of the beams in the energy range Eγ240 eV.

It seems that CBS can be a potential tool for optimizing collisions and measuring beam parameters. Indeed, the bunch length σz can be found from the CBS spectrum because critical energy Ec ∝ 1/σz; the horizontal transverse bunch size σx is related to dNγ ∝ 1/σ2x. In addition, CBS may be very useful for a fast control over an impact parameter R between the colliding bunch axes.
Radiation-chemical synthesis of silver nanoparticles was studied. The silver nanoparticles in arabinogalactan (AG) water solution are stabilized in conglomerates, it is fixed by rise of additional bands in the optical absorption spectra. Pre-radiation treatment of AG causes crosslinking and oxidation. Pretreated AG solution increases the stability of conglomerates containing silver nanoparticles in case of dilution.