Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Loanwords are important parts of lexical structure of a language, as well as significant markers of changes in the society. Тhe studing of loanwords has particular significance and relevance. Greek loanwords are among the oldest layers of loanwords in the Russian language, and their study is especially important because no systematic studies of the volume, the place and role of Greek loanwords in various periods of the Russian language’s history as well as in the structure of the modern Russian language already exist. The first translations from the Greek language into Slavonic played a significant role in the process of transposition of Greek loanwords. One of these early translations was the translation of Orationes of St. Gregory Nazianzen. The Slavic text of the homilies included in the XIII Homilies of Gregory the Theologian offers wide possibilities to monitor the processes of borrowing and adaptation of Greek words. Analyzing Greek loanwords in this translation lets us draw some conclusions regarding transposition of foreign language vocabulary from one language to another and the reasons for differences in the adaptation of loanwords.
Effect of magnetization generated by synchrotron or laser radiation in magnetically-doped and pristine topological insulators (TIs) is presented and analyzed using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy.

It was found that non-equal photoexcitation of the Dirac cone (DC) states with opposite momenta and spin orientation indicated by the asymmetry in photoemission intensity of the DC states is accompanied by the k||-shift of the DC states relative to the non-spin-polarized conduction band states located at k|| = 0. We relate the observed k||-shift to the induced surface in-plane magnetic field and corresponding magnetization due to the spin accumulation. The direction of the DC k||-shift and its value are changed with photon energy in correlation with variation of the sign and magnitude of the DC states intensity asymmetry.

The theoretical estimations describe well the effect and predict the DC k||-shift values which corroborate the experimental observations. This finding opens new perspectives for effective local magnetization manipulation.
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of blindness in developed countries, and the molecular pathogenesis of early events in AMD is poorly understood. Senescence-accelerated OXYS rats develop AMD-like retinopathy.

The aim of this study was to explore the differences in retinal gene expression between OXYS and Wistar (control) rats at age 20 d and to identify the pathways of retinal cell death involved in the OXYS retinopathy initiation and progression. Retinal mRNA profiles of 20-day-old OXYS and Wistar rats were generated at the sequencing read depth 40 mln, in triplicate, using Illumina GAIIx. A terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay was performed to measure the apoptosis level. GeneMANIA was used to construct interaction networks for differentially expressed (DE) apoptosis-related genes at ages 20 d and 3 and 18 months.

Functional analysis was suggestive of a developmental process, signal transduction, and cell differentiation as the most enriched biological processes among 245 DE genes at age 20 d An increased level of apoptosis was observed in OXYS rats at age 20 d but not at advanced stages. We identified functional clusters in the constructed interaction networks and possible hub genes (Rasa1, cFLAR, Birc3, Cdk1, Hspa1b, Erbb3, and Ntf3). We also demonstrated the significance of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway at preclinical, early, and advanced stages of retinopathy development. Besides the cell death signaling pathways, immune system-related processes and lipid-metabolic processes showed overrepresentation in the clusters of all networks. These characteristics of the expression profile of the genes functionally associated with apoptosis may contribute to the pathogenesis of AMD-like retinopathy in senescence-accelerated OXYS rats.
The numerical simulation of the run-up of long surface waves on a plane slope is presented.Using a method based on the combination of the TVD scheme and the SPH method the shallow water approximation is applied to the solution of the well known model problem of a run-up of a wave approaching from an area of constant depth towards a plane slope.The numerical method has proved to be reliable and effective not only in the range of small amplitudes, but also outside of the theoretical limits of applicability of the shallow water theory, such as for the modelling of breaking waves.The qualitative and partially quantitative comparison with the results of numerical calculations of other authors are presented.The differences in the results caused by the differences in the numerical algorithms are highlighted.
The production of B ± mesons in proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt {s} $ = 7 TeV is studied using 35 pb −1 of data collected by the LHCb detector. The B ± mesons are reconstructed exclusively in the B ± → J/ψK ± mode, with J/ψ → μ + μ − . The differential production cross-section is measured as a function of the B ± transverse momentum in the fiducial region 0 < p T < 40 GeV / c and with rapidity 2 . 0 < y < 4 . 5.

The total cross-section, summing up B + and B − , is measured to be σ ( pp → B ± X, 0 < p T < 40 GeV / c , 2 . 0 < y < 4 . 5) = 41 . 4 ± 1 . 5 (stat . ) ± 3 . 1 (syst . ) μb .
Two new isostructural microporous coordination frameworks [Mn3(Hpdc)2(pdc)2] (1) and [Mg3(Hpdc)2(pdc)2] (2) (pdc2- = pyridine-2,4-dicarboxylate) showing primitive cubic (pcu) topology have been prepared and characterized. The pore aperture of the channels is too narrow for the efficient adsorption of N2; however, both compounds demonstrate substantially higher uptake of CO2 (119.9 mL·g-1 for 1 and 102.5 mL·g-1 for 2 at 195 K, 1 bar). Despite of their structural similarities, 2 shows a typical reversible type I isotherm for adsorption/desorption of CO2, while 1 features a two-step adsorption process with a very broad hysteresis between the adsorption and desorption curves.

This behavior can be explained by a combination of density functional theory calculations, sorption, and X-ray diffraction analysis and gives insights into the further development of new sorbents showing adsorption/desorption hysteresis.
The catalytic activity of MoVTeNbO catalyst and its constituent phases (M1, M2 and Mo5O14-like) in the oxidation of propane, as well as propylene and acrolein, which are intermediates of acrylic acid formation from propane, was studied.

In all the reactions, the М1 phase shows higher activity and selectivity, compared to M2 and Mo5O14-like phases; its presence being sufficient for efficient proceeding the propane oxidation to acrylic acid.
We analyzed the synapsis and recombination between Z and W chromosomes in the oocytes of nine neognath species: domestic chicken Gallus gallus domesticus, grey goose Anser anser, black tern Chlidonias niger, common tern Sterna hirundo, pale martin Riparia diluta, barn swallow Hirundo rustica, European pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca, great tit Parus major and white wagtail Motacilla alba using immunolocalization of SYCP3, the main protein of the lateral elements of the synaptonemal complex, and MLH1, the mismatch repair protein marking mature recombination nodules.

Using FISH with a paint probe specific to the germline-restricted chromosome (GRC) of the pale martin on the oocytes of the pale martin, barn swallow and great tit

In all species examined, homologous synapsis occurs in a short region of variable size at the ends of Z and W chromosomes, where a single recombination nodule is located. The remaining parts of the sex chromosomes undergo synaptic adjustment and synapse non-homologously. In 25% of ZW bivalents of white wagtail, synapsis and recombination also occur at the secondary pairing region, which probably resulted from autosome−sex chromosome translocation. we showed that both maternally inherited songbird chromosomes (GRC and W) share common sequences.
Stressful events in an early postnatal period have critical implications for the individual's life and can increase later risk for psychiatric disorders.

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of early-life stress on the social behavior of adult male and female mice. C57Bl/6 mice were exposed to maternal separation (MS, 3 h once a day) or handling (HD, 15 min once a day) on postnatal day 2 through 14. Adult male and female mice were tested for social behavior in the social interaction test and for individual behavior in the plus-maze and open-field tests.

Female mice exposed to maternal separation had increased social behavior and increased anxiety. MS male mice had no changes in social behavior but had significantly disrupted individual behavior, including locomotor and exploratory activity. Handling had positive effects on social behavior in males and females and decreased anxiety in males. Our results support the hypothesis that brief separation of pups from their mothers (handling), which can be considered as moderate stress, may result in future positive changes in behavior. Maternal separation has deleterious effects on individual behavior and significant sex-specific effects on social behavior.
Significance The fidelity of gene expression is regulated by chromosome-associated protein complexes. A traditional approach to characterizing complexes bound to chromosomes requires their release from the DNA to solubilize them. Here we develop an alternative approach, BioTAP-XL, that allows identification of protein–protein interactions while complexes remain linked to the DNA. We focus on protein interactions and genome localization of human EZH2 and two of its relatively uncharacterized interactors, C10orf12 and C17orf96. Our results provide strong evidence for diversity in human Polycomb repressive complexes, which are composed of factors essential for gene silencing during development in higher organisms. We propose that BioTAP-XL is an effective general approach for investigating the composition and subunit diversity of chromosome-associated complexes.
Silicon carbonitride films were deposited by PECVD from hexamethyldisilazane.

Scanning probe microscopy was applied for surface investigation and roughness parameters determination. Mechanical properties (hardness, Young’s modulus and elastic recovery) of the films were studied by nanoindentation method.

It was found that hardness and Young’s modulus are rising with deposition temperature increase. Elastic recovery is close to 100 % at low deposition temperature (lower than 250 °C) and tends to decrease with further synthesis temperature rise. The results are explained by increase in concentration of covalent bonds and other changes in chemical and phase composition.
Oct4 is a POU-domain transcriptional factor which is essential for maintaining pluripotency in several mammalian species. The mouse, human, and bovine Oct4 orthologs display a high conservation of nucleotide sequence and genomic organization.

Here we report an isolation of a common vole (Microtus rossiaemeridionalis) Oct4 ortholog. Organization and exon-intron structure of vole Oct4 gene are similar to the gene organization in other mammalian species. It consists of five exons and a regulatory region including the minimal promoter, proximal and distal enhancers. Promoter and regulatory regions of the vole Oct4 gene also display a high similarity to the corresponding regions of Oct4 in other mammalian species, and are active during the transient transfection within luciferase reporter constructs into mouse P19 embryonic carcinoma cells and TG-2a embryonic stem cells.

The vole Oct4 gene expression is detectable starting from the morula stage and until day 17 of embryonic development. Genomic organization of this gene and its intron-exon structure in vole are identical to those in all previously studied species: it comprises five exons and the regulatory region containing several conserved elements. The activity of the Oct4 gene in vole, as well as in mouse, is confined only to pluripotent cells.
With the help of three-dimensional numerical simulation in FEM software package the experimental methodology of determining heat flux and heat losses during experiments in microchannel was verified.

The obtained single-phase flow data on the heat transfer coefficient and wall temperature

show good agreement between numerical simulation and experimental results.
The simulation of air injection into a liquid (water, liquid lead) at large pressure drops (ΔP = 160 × 105 Pa) has been carried out.

A significant difference in the formation of the air volume during injection into water and liquid lead is demonstrated. The shape of the resulting air volume formed during injection into liquid lead is shown to depend on the nozzle diameter.

It is established that the presence of interfacial heat transfer at short times does not affect the dynamics of the air jet outflow.
Downhole microseismic monitoring sometimes includes the installation of several downhole surveillance systems. One of the key hardware requirements is accurate synchronization of the records received. Usually this problem is solved at the hardware level, and in the case of ideal observations, additional correction procedures are not required. In some cases, hardware synchronization is lost, and for the correct use of the observed data, it is necessary to compensate for the shift in synchronization; this compensation is also necessary when synchronization information is lost during data storage and transmission. In this paper, we propose to introduce into inversion an additional parameter responsible for asynchronous recordings and to show that in the case of a simple medium model, this asynchrony can be determined directly from the data. Here we also investigate the dependence of the accuracy of determining synchronization shifts depending on the complexity of the media and the geometry of the observation system.
We revisit the possibility of first order electroweak phase transition (EWPT) in one of the simplest extensions of the Standard Model scalar sector, namely the two-Higgs-doublet model (2HDM).

We take into account the ensuing constraints from the electroweak precision tests, Higgs signal strengths and the recent LHC bounds from direct scalar searches.

By studying the vacuum transition in 2HDM, we discuss in detail the entropy released in the first order EWPT in various parameter planes of a 2HDM.
The self-oscillation of the cavitating vortices is one of the dangerous phenomena of hydraulic turbine operation near full-load conditions.

This work is an attempt to generalize data and expand insight on the phenomenon of self-excited oscillations by comparing the experimental results obtained on a simplified turbine and scaled-down pump–turbine models. In both cases, a series of high-speed imaging was carried out, which made it possible to study these phenomena with high temporal resolution. The high-speed imaging data was subjected to additional processing such as binarization, cropping, and scaling. For a simplified turbine model, the volume of the vapor cavity was calculated based on the assumption of the axial symmetry of the cavity, after which fast Fourier transform (FFT) analysis was carried out. A proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) analysis was also performed to examine individual modes in the original digital imaging data. For the pump–turbine, visualization data on the cavitation cavity oscillations were supplemented by pressure measurements in the draft tube cone to determine the frequency characteristics.

Based on obtained experimental data, an improved one-dimensional model describing the oscillations of the cavitation cavity arising behind the hydraulic turbine runner is proposed.
Phylostratigraphic analysis is a way to look anew on phylogenetic data in the evolutionary aspect. It allows counting the evolutionary age based on the analysis of genes, their orthologs and finding the last common ancestor.

We performed phylostratigraphic analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana genes associated with several types of abiotic stresses (heat, cold, water-related, light, osmotic, salt, and oxidative) determined by the Gene Ontology annotation. Comparison of the distributions of ages of genes associated with stresses of different type has shown the heat stress to involve older genes while the light stress – younger genes. Reconstruction and graphical analysis of the gene network of the heat stress educed several clusters associated with different response functions.

At the same time, all types of stress are characterized by a significantly higher proportion of old genes (common to all eukaryotes) compared to the whole set of A.thaliana genes. This can be explained by the involvement of basic molecular processes in plant cells into the stress response. Some of these clusters contain only ancient genes. The results obtained show that the phylostratigraphic analysis reveals the fundamental features of the organization of gene networks and their evolution.
Previous studies suggest a potential link between glycosylation and prostate cancer. To better characterize the relationship between the two, we performed a study to comprehensively evaluate the associations between genetically predicted blood plasma N-glycan levels and prostate cancer risk.Using genetic variants associated with N-glycan levels as instruments, we evaluated the associations between levels of 138 plasma N-glycans and prostate cancer risk. We analyzed data of 79,194 cases and 61,112 controls of European ancestry included in the consortia of BPC3, CAPS, CRUK, PEGASUS, and PRACTICAL.We identified three N-glycans with genetically predicted levels in plasma to be associated with prostate cancer risk after Bonferroni correction. The estimated odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 1.29 (1.20-1.40), 0.80 (0.74-0.88), and 0.79 (0.72-0.87) for PGP18, PGP33, and PGP109, respectively, per every one standard deviation increase in genetically predicted levels of N-glycan. However, the instruments for these N-glycans only involved one to two variants. The proportions of variations that can be explained by the instruments range from 1.58% to 2.95% for these three N-glycans.We observed associations between genetically predicted levels of three N-glycans PGP18, PGP33, and PGP109 and prostate cancer risk. Given the correlated nature of the N-glycans and that many N-glycans share genetic loci, pleiotropy is a major concern. Future work is warranted to better characterize the relationship between N-glycans and prostate cancer.
The nanosized silicon powder has been produced by reduction of silica with magnesium in an argon medium using both the mechanically activated self-propagating high-temperature synthesis and the direct mechanochemical synthesis

has been investigated by X-ray phase analysis, Infrared spectroscopy, electron scanning microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The optimal Mg:SiO2 ratio has been found to provide the minimum content of contaminant impurities of magnesium silicide and silicate in mechanically activated self-propagating high-temperature synthesis. For the first time, direct mechanochemical synthesis of Si via reduction of silica with magnesium has been implemented. Optimal component ratio and mechanical activation parameters have been determined, yielding Si/MgO composites without impurity phases (magnesium silicide and silicate). A purification procedure has been proposed for separating silicon obtained from magnesium oxide and other impurity phases.

The ratio of initial components has been determined, at which purified silicon has the least amount of impurities. The particle size of silicon powder obtained was 50–80 nm for the mechanically activated self-propagating high-temperature synthesis, and 30–50 nm for the direct mechanochemical synthesis.
The physics motivations and advantages of the new TAIGA (Tunka Advanced Instrument for cosmic ray physics and Gamma Astronomy) detector are presented. TAIGA aims at gamma-ray astronomy at energies from a few TeV to several PeV, as well as cosmic ray physics from 100 TeV to several EeV. For the energy range 30 – 200 TeV the sensitivity of 10 km 2 area TAIGA array for the detection of local sources is expected to be 5 × 10 -14 erg cm -2 sec -1 for 300 h of observations. Reconstruction of the given EAS energy, incoming direction and its core position, based on the timing TAIGA-HiSCORE data, allows one to increase a distance between the IACTs up to 600-1000 m. The low investments together with the high sensitivity for energies ≥ 30-50 TeV make this pioneering technique very attractive for exploring the galactic PeVatrons and cosmic rays. At present the TAIGA first stage has been constructed in Tunka valley, 50 km West from the Lake Baikal. The first experimental results of the TAIGA first stage are presented.
The peculiarities of spin effects in photoinduced electron transfer (ET) in diastereomers of donor-acceptor dyads are considered in order to study the influence of chirality on reactivity. Thus, the spin selectivity-the difference between the enhancement coefficients of chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (CIDNP)-of the dyad's diastereomers reflects the difference in the spin density distribution in its paramagnetic precursors that appears upon UV irradiation. In addition, the CIDNP coefficient itself has demonstrated a high sensitivity to the change of chiral centers: when one center is changed, the hyperpolarization of all polarized nuclei of the molecule is affected. The article analyzes the experimental values of spin selectivity based on CIDNP calculations and molecular dynamic modeling data in order to reveal the effect of optical configuration on the structure and reactivity of diastereomers. In this way, we succeeded in tracing the differences in dyads with L- and D-tryptophan as an electron donor. Since the replacement of L-amino acid with D-analog in specific proteins is believed to be the cause of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, spin effects and molecular dynamic simulation in model dyads can be a useful tool for investigating the nature of this phenomenon.
The experiments have been carried out to study dynamics of liquid droplets, blown by the gas flow in a mini-channel. The mean velocity at which the droplet motion over the substrate starts was determined depending on the surface temperature at different droplet volumes. The shadow method was the main method of measurement. The advancing and receding contact angles were measured depending on the gas flow rate. The friction force was determined using the advancing and receding contact angles and droplet size. A motion of a droplet was also observed from the top. The local velocity and acceleration of droplet were calculated.
Modern ideas about socio-economic systems as systems of high complexity determine the search for management models that can develop adaptive properties to ensure their flexible maneuverability in an environment filled with fluctuations of different categories and uncertainty of the behavior of its subjects. Adaptation, according to the laws of evolution, is carried out within a certain limit, where actions are considered as a threshold response to changes.

In the article, the limit is considered as a developing concept, starting from the philosophical interpretation, mathematical representation and purpose in management. Methods for determining the limit as a numerical sequence, represented as an information granule, using methods of mathematical statistics and fuzzy set theory are generalized.

The causality of the transition from a feedback control model formed by significant deviations to a robust control model with predicted variants of the system maneuvering trajectory in the environment is revealed. A methodological approach to the definition of a robust limit as a numerical sequence (set), its structure, with the definition of a qualitative assessment of subsets in the contours of which a socio-economic system should exist and successfully develop with the use of a robust control mechanism, is presented.