Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Nowadays evolutionary optimization techniques become an integral part of the design process of hydraulic turbine runners. For optimization the shape of the runner is parameterized by a set of geometrical parameters. The objective functions of each runner geometry, being the efficiency and cavitation performance, are evaluated through CFD analysis of 3D flow-field. As usual, some kind of genetic algorithm is used for searching the Pareto front, due to its inherent possibility of parallel evaluation of different runner variants within one generation. This approach requires extensive CFD computations of hundreds and thousands of runner variants. In order to speed up the optimization process a metamodel (approximate, surrogate model) can be utilized. The metamodel provides an approximation of true dependency of the objective functions on the design parameters. The metamodel is built based on the known objective functions for some initial set of points randomly taken form the design space. Once built, it can be used to replace time consuming CFD computations during the optimization process. In the present paper a metamodel, based on Gaussian processes, is implemented and integrated into a multi-objective genetic algorithm. The obtained algorithm is applied for shape optimization of the Francis turbine runner. The number of the design parameters varied from 4 to 24. The objective functions are multi-point efficiency and cavitation characteristics. True values of the objective functions are evaluated using Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes computations of the flow field in a reduced turbine domain, including wicket gate, runner and draft tube. These values are used to train the initial metamodel. In order to enhance predictive capabilities of the metamodel, it is retrained periodically during the optimization loop. The results of metamodel-assisted optimization runs are compared to that obtained without metamodel. It is shown that application of metamodel significantly reduces the number of actual CFD computations even for high number of design parameters and thus speeds up the overall optimization process.
We report a study of the decays $B\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}_{s1}(2536{)}^{+}{\overline{D}}^{(*)}$, where ${\overline{D}}^{(*)}$ is ${\overline{D}}^{0}$, ${D}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ or ${D}^{*\ensuremath{-}}$, using a sample of $657\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}B\overline{B}$ pairs collected at the $\ensuremath{\Upsilon}(4S)$ resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collider. The branching fractions of the decays ${B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}_{s1}(2536{)}^{+}{\overline{D}}^{0}$, ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}_{s1}(2536{)}^{+}{D}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ and ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}_{s1}(2536{)}^{+}{D}^{*\ensuremath{-}}$ multiplied by that of ${D}_{s1}(2536{)}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}({D}^{*0}{K}^{+}+{D}^{*+}{K}^{0})$ are found to be $(3.97\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.85\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.56)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$, $(2.75\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.62\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.36)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ and $(5.01\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.21\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.70)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$, respectively. The ratio $\mathcal{B}({D}_{s1}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}^{*0}{K}^{+})/\mathcal{B}({D}_{s1}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}^{*+}{K}^{0})$ is measured to be $0.88\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.24\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.08$.
Majorana Fermions are represented by Majorana operators, elements of a Clifford algebra. The paper recalls and proves a general result about braid group representations associated with Clifford algebras, and compares this result with the Ivanov braiding associated with Majorana operators.

In this paper we study unitary braid group representations associated with Majorana Fermions.

The paper generalizes observations of Kauffman and Lomonaco and of Mo-Lin Ge to show that certain strings of Majorana operators give rise to extraspecial 2-groups and to braiding representations of the Ivanov type.
Comprehensive structural optimization of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) is the key to their successful performance both in vitro and in vivo.In order to compare various CAR designs in an unified format, we took advantage of a lentiviral platform, where all CAR modules can be easily shuffled and tested for functionality.This platform was used to delineate the effects of various spacer regions on the function of a PSCA-specific CAR in the context of a human NK cell line, YT.We show that three CAR designs (IgG1-, CD8a-, and spacerless) perform similarly in vitro regardless of the length of the spacer region.
In this review, the author analyses the Tarnovo Edition of the Stishnoy Prologue. Texts: Lexical Index (published by Bulgarian researchers Georgi Petkov and Maria Spasova) and focuses on the structure of the publication, providing a detailed description of the parts of each volume: prologue texts, prologue poems, the lexical index, and the index of saints’ names.

The review evaluates the work from the point of view of its academic contribution. The reviewer largely agrees with the authors’ point of view on the history and the study of the Stishnoy Prologue set forth in the preface to the publication. While objecting to some points, the reviewer evaluates the work highly, considering it an important stage in the process of studying the history of the Stishnoy Prologue, one of the most widespread hagiographic calendar collections of the Middle Ages.

The publication of the texts of the Stishnoy Prologue, even those in just the Tarnovo edition, can be a powerful catalyst for further textual criticism and linguistic studies of the numerous Russian, Serbian, and Bulgarian copies that have survived to the present day. Ultimately, the reviewed publication can become the basis for a full-scale critical edition of the Stishnoy Prologue. The review emphasises the timeless significance of this publication for Slavic studies, its innovative character, its structural integrity, its theoretical sophistication, and the enormous practical importance of the work for Bulgarian philologists.
Recombinant human interferon alpha-2b (rIFN) is widely used for the treatment of both viral and oncological diseases. The short half-life and toxicity of rIFN are a serious limitation for the use of rIFN in therapy. In this regard, the development of a less toxic rIFN with a longer half-life is an important goal of medical biotechnology. Currently, there are two main modifications of long-acting rIFN - pegylated rIFN and rIFN genetically fused with albumin. The use of human apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) as a protector protein seems also promising, since apoA-I has a long half-life in the body, is not immunogenic, is capable of natural formation of lipoprotein complexes, and allows improve the pharmacokinetics of therapeutic proteins fused with it. In this work, a recombinant strain of Pichia pastoris X33, producing a chimeric protein consist of rIFN, fused with human apoA-I through a flexible linker, was obtained. The IFN and apoA-I genes were optimized for expression in P. pastoris. The cultivation of a yeast strain producing a chimeric cytokine was carried out in an orbital shaker. The protein yield was 30 mg/L. The chimera was purified by reversed phase chromatography. The purity of the final preparation of the chimera was about 90%. The primary structure of the chimera was confirmed by MALDI-TOF. The chimeric cytokine exhibited high specific antiviral activity comparable to that of rIFN and equal to 1.6 × 108 IU/mg. The chimera showed a 1.8-fold longer half-life in comparison with rIFN аfter a single subcutaneous injection in mice.
El Ediacárico terminal inlcuye una serie de cambios drásticos en los ciclos biogeoquímicos, muchos de los cuales se asocian con modificaciones evolutivas en los registros fósiles correspondientes. Entre ellos destacan las condiciones redox, las cuales pueden haber causado un impacto profundo en la evolución animal temprana. Este trabajo destaca el significado de la lito-, bio- y quimioestratigrafía en la investigación geobiológica del tiempo profundo.
Triple molybdate NaCaLa(1-x-y)(MoO4)3:xEr3+,yYb3+ (x = y = 0, x = 0.05 and y = 0.45, x = 0.1 and y = 0.2, x = 0.2 and y = 0) phosphors were successfully synthesized for the first time by the microwave sol-gel method. Well-crystallized particles formed after heat treatment at 900 °C for 16 h showed a fine and homogeneous morphology with particle sizes of 2-3 μm. The structures were refined by the Rietveld method in the space group I41/a. The optical properties were examined comparatively using photoluminescence emission and Raman spectroscopy. Under excitation at 980 nm, the NaCaLa0.7(MoO4)3:0.1Er3+,0.2Yb3+ and NaCaLa0.5(MoO4)3:0.05Er3+,0.45Yb3+ particles exhibited a strong 525 nm emission band, a weaker 550 nm emission band in the green region, and three weak 655 nm, 490 nm and 410 nm emission bands in the red, blue and violet regions. The pump power dependence and Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage chromaticity of the upconversion emission intensity were evaluated in detail.
The paper considers the features of waterlogging of a flat watershed, unique in its structure and evolution, between the valley complexes of the two largest watercourses of Khabarovsk Territory. The Tugur and Nimelen rivers had rather powerful debit of water flows during the Pleistocene and were repeatedly redirected from the northern azimuth (the Sea of Okhotsk) to the southern one (the Amur catchment). This process continued partly at the early stages of the Holocene, as the stratigraphy of the peat deposits of the bogs formed indicates here.
Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are appreciable players in gene expression regulation in human cells. The canonical function of box C/D and box H/ACA snoRNAs is posttranscriptional modification of ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), namely, 2′-O-methylation and pseudouridylation, respectively. A series of independent studies demonstrated that snoRNAs, as well as other noncoding RNAs, serve as the source of various short regulatory RNAs. Some snoRNAs and their fragments can also participate in the regulation of alternative splicing and posttranscriptional modification of mRNA. Alterations in snoRNA expression in human cells can affect numerous vital cellular processes. SnoRNA level in human cells, blood serum, and plasma presents a promising target for diagnostics and treatment of human pathologies. Here we discuss the relation between snoRNAs and oncological, neurodegenerative, and viral diseases and also describe changes in snoRNA level in response to artificial stress and some drugs.
A method of sideband Raman cooling to the vibrational ground state of the $m=0$ Zeeman sublevel in a far-detuned two-dimensional optical lattice is proposed. In our scheme, the Raman coupling between vibrational manifolds of the adjacent Zeeman sublevels is shifted to the red sideband due to the ac Stark effect induced by a weak pump field. Thus, cooling and optical pumping to $m=0$ is achieved by purely optical means with coplanar cw laser beams. The optical lattice and cooling parameters are estimated in the framework of simple theoretical models. An application of the transverse sideband cooling method to frequency standards is discussed. Coherent population trapping for the sideband Raman transitions between the degenerate vibrational levels is predicted.
The photoexcitation of (multi-electron) atoms and ions by twisted light has been explored within the framework of the density matrix theory and Dirac's relativistic equation.

It is shown that the population of the excited atoms and, hence, their fluorescence emission are sensitive with regard to the transverse linear momentum and the (projection of the) total angular momentum of the incident light.
A brief review is given of the studies in combustion chemistry and decomposition kinetics of forest fuels (FF).

The methods used in the study to investigate the FF pyrolysis kinetics and the combustion of the Siberian forests are described. The experiments on FF pyrolysis were conducted at high heating rates (150 K/s) in a flow reactor by the method of differential mass-spectrometric thermal analysis (DMSTA) in situ using probe molecular-beam mass spectrometry, and at low heating rates (0.17 K/s) by the thermogravimetric method. The kinetic parameters of Siberian FF pyrolysis have been determined for oxidative and inert media and simulation of FF pyrolysis has been conducted using the multi-component devolatilization mechanism.

The flame structure of a pine branch has been studied by probe molecular-beam mass spectrometry. Species have been identified in the dark and luminous flame zones; the width of the flame zone has been measured.
A search for the decay Bs -> D*-+ \pi+- is presented using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb-1 of pp collisions collected by LHCb. This decay is expected to be mediated by a W-exchange diagram, with little contribution from rescattering processes, and therefore a measurement of the branching fraction will help to understand the mechanism behind related decays such as Bs -> \pi+ \pi- and Bs -> D Dbar. Systematic uncertainties are minimised by using B0 -> D*-+ \pi+- as a normalisation channel. We find no evidence for a signal, and set an upper limit on the branching fraction of BR(Bs -> D*-+ \pi+-) < 6.1 (7.8) x10^(-6) at 90% (95%) confidence level.
Quartet verdazyl-nitronylnitroxide triradical was synthesized via palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of the corresponding diiodoverdazyls with a nitronyl nitroxide-2-ide gold(I) complex. The triradical is air-stable and possess good thermal stability with decomposition onset at ∼160 °C in an inert atmosphere. X-ray diffraction analysis of single crystals confirmed the presence of verdazyl and nitroxide radical centers. Magnetic properties were characterized by a SQUID magnetometry of polycrystalline powders and by EPR spectroscopy in different matrices. Collected data analyzed using of the high-level quantum chemical calculations confirmed that the triradical has high-spin ground states.
Stress is an essential part of everyday life. The neuropeptide corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH, also called CRF and corticoliberin) plays a key role in the integration of neuroendocrine, autonomic and behavioral responses to stress. The activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis) by neurons of the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN), the primary site of synthesis CRH, triggers stress reactions. In addition to the hypothalamus, CRH is widespread in extrahypothalamic brain structures, where it functions as a neuromodulator for coordination and interaction between the humoral and behavioral aspects of a stress response.

The axons of neurons expressing CRH are directed to various structures of the brain, where the neuropeptide interacts with specific receptors (CRHR1, CRHR2) and can affect various mediator systems that work together to transmit signals to different brain regions to cause many reactions to stress. Moreover, the effect of stress on brain functions varies from behavioral adaptation to increased survival and increased risk of developing mental disorders.

Disturbances of the CRH system regulation are directly related to such disorders: mental pathologies (depression, anxiety, addictions), deviations of neuroendocrinological functions, inflammation, as well as the onset and development of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. In addition, the role of CRH as a regulator of the neurons structure in the areas of the developing and mature brain has been established. To date, studies have been conducted in which CRHR1 is a target for antidepressants, which are, in fact, antagonists of this receptor. In this regard, the study of the participation of the CRH system and its receptors in negative effects on hormone-dependent systems, as well as the possibility of preventing them, is a promising task of modern physiological genetics. In this review, attention will be paid to the role of CRH in the regulation of response to stress, as well as to the involvement of extrahypothalamic CRH in pathophysiology and the correction of mental disorders.
Mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in aging and in neurodegenerative diseases and, therefore, pharmacological agents that alleviate mitochondrial dysfunction are expected to have neuroprotective effects. Promising in this respect is mitochondrial-
Our result contains as special cases the Frobenius theorem (1895) on the number of solutions to the equation x n = 1 in a group, the Solomon theorem (1969) on the number of solutions in a group to a system of equations having fewer equations than unknowns, and the Iwasaki theorem (1985) on roots of subgroups.

There are other curious corollaries on groups and rings.
This paper describes new versions of the least-squares collocation method for solving differential and integral equations.

A p-version of the method has been proposed and implemented to solve nonlinear systems of partial differential equations. The stationary Navier-Stokes equations are used as an example. A hp-version of the method has been implemented for the numerical solution of the Fredholm integral equations of the second kind in the one-and two-dimensional cases.

This paper shows that approximate solutions obtained by various versions of the least-squares collocation method converge with a high order and agree with analytical solutions of test problems with a high degree of accuracy.
In this article we propose the numerical solution of the one dimensional inverse coefficient problem for seismic equation. We use a dynamical version of Gelfand-Levitan-Krein approach for reducing a nonlinear inverse problem for recovering the shear wave’s velocity and the density of the medium to two sequences of the linear integral equations. We propose numerical algorithm for solving these equations based on a fast inversion of a Toeplitz matrix. The proposed numerical methods base on the structure of the problem and therefore improve the efficiency of the algorithms, compared with standard approaches. We present numerical results for solving considered integral equations.
The conditions of space flight have a significant effect on the physiological processes in the human body, yet the molecular mechanisms driving physiological changes remain unknown. Blood samples of 18 Russian cosmonauts who had conducted long-duration missions to the International Space Station were collected 30 days before launch and on the first and seventh days after landing. A panel of 125 proteins in the blood plasma was quantitated by a well-established and highly regarded targeted mass spectrometry approach. This method involves the monitoring of multiple reactions in conjunction with stable isotope-labeled standards at the University of Victoria - Genome BC Proteomics Centre. Reduction of circulating plasma volume during space flight and activation of fluid retention at the final stage of the flight affect the changes in plasma protein concentrations present in the first days after landing. Using an ANOVA approach, it was revealed that only 1 protein (S100A9) reliably responded to space flight conditions. This protein plays an important role in the functioning of the endothelium and can serve as a marker for activation of inflammatory reactions. Concentrations of the proteins of complement, coagulation cascades, and acute phase reactants increase in the blood of cosmonauts as measured the first day after landing. Most of these proteins' concentrations continue to increase by the 7th day after space flight. Similar dynamics are observed for proteases and their inhibitors. Thus, there is a shift in proteolytic blood systems, which is necessary for the restoration of muscle tissue and maintenance of oncotic homeostasis.
Aim. To identify and compare the frequency of alcohol consumption, tobacco smoking, levels of main macronutrients, vitamins and mineral elements consumption in patients with acute (AP) and chronic pancreatitis (CP) and pancreatic cancer (PC). Materials and methods. At the observational clinical cross-sectional uncontrolled case-study 65 patients with AP or CP (group 1) and 45 patients with PC (group 2) were examined. A survey of patients was carried out: questionnaire on tobacco smoking, a frequency questionnaire on alcohol consumption, a questionnaire for assessing the frequency of food consumption. Results. The frequency of smoking (33.8, 20.0%; p0.05), alcohol consumption 1 times/week during the last year (21.5, 15.6%; p0.05) did not differ significantly between the two groups. The highest consumption rates of total, vegetable, animal protein, total carbohydrates, refined sugar, animal fat, cholesterol, MUFA, dietary fiber, vitamins (-carotene, vitamin B1, B2, C, PP), mineral elements (iron, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sodium, phosphorus) and the daily energy content of the diet were determined in PC than in the AP and CP group. Among patients of group 1, deficient intake of fat-soluble vitamin A (93.3, 54.8%; p=0.009) and vitamin E (80.0, 48.4%; p=0.041) was more common in the subgroup of patients with excretory pancreatic insufficiency than without it, and the chance of having hypercholesterolemia was associated with a deficient intake of vitamin E [Ex(B)=3.3, 95% CI 1.59.3; p=0.027]. Conclusion. There were no differences in the frequency of smoking and alcohol consumption between patients with AP and CP and PC. The highest indices of the main macronutrients, daily energy content of the diet, micronutrients (except for vitamins A, E) were found in PC than in the group of patients with AP and CP. Among patients with AP and CP with excretory pancreatic insufficiency, a lower intake of fat-soluble vitamins was noted and associations of hypercholesterolemia with deficient intake of vitamin E were obtained.