Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
The results of prospection studies at the medieval site Horogoru, in the Gyeonggi-do Province of South Korea, are described. Using ground-penetrating radar, the defense wall, built of tamped earth and masonry, was reconstructed. The analyses of GPR images and 3D-models of the wall were confi rmed and supplemented by archaeological excavations. Prospection studies in the central part of the site have enabled us to assess tentatively the thickness of the habitation layer and its preservation. Structures associated with various archaeological cultures were analyzed. The results of excavations demonstrated a relative reliability of GPR, which had revealed anomalies at various depths. However, an accurate and complete assessment of the outlines of most structures proved impossible, owing to repeated medieval rebuilding, peculiar accumulation processes, and modern disruption. The GPR analysis of the anomalies indicated several stages of habitation. Early features, dating to the Koguryo period (400–700 AD), include a reservoir and a well, and next to these, heaps of roof tiles. Late features, dating to the Koryo stage (1000–1200 AD), include seven buildings, a stone pavement, and pits with roof tiles. Overall, the results demonstrate the effi ciency of geophysical methods for the assessment of the site’s structure and of the preservation of its cultural layers.
We demonstrate that SDYM (self-dual Yang-Mills) equations for the Lie algebra of one-dimensional vector fields represent a natural reduction in the framework of a general linearly degenerate dispersionless hierarchy.

We define the reduction in terms of wave functions and introduce a generating relation, Lax-Sato equations, and the dressing scheme for the reduced hierarchy.

A multidimensional case is also discussed.
Thermocapillary breakdown of thin (0.3 - 0.7 mm) horizontal layers of liquid (ethanol) when heated from a localized hot spot was investigated experimentally. The effect of layer thickness on the breakdown dynamics was studied. Visualization and control of the liquid layer were carried out using schlieren and confocal techniques. Main steps of the breakdown process were determined with the help of both systems. Evolution of the layer thickness in the center of substrate was observed and the critical thickness of the layer was measured using confocal sensor.
We have investigated the effect of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on estrogen-metabolizing genes CYP1A1, CYP1B1, CYP19 and ERα and cyclin D1 genes, which control of cell division in estrogen-depended tissues.

Treatment of rats with benzo(a)pyren (BP) or 3-methylcholantrene (MC) significantly up-regulated CYP1A1, CYP1B1 gene expression in liver, uterus and ovary, whereas alfa-naphthoflavone (α-NF) did not have any effect. The high level of aromatase gene (CYP19) expression was detected in ovary only. Treatment of rats with BP or MC significantly down-regulated expression of this gene (15- and 5,5-fold, respectively), whereas α-NF did not have any effect. BP produced an increase in ERα and cyclin D1 gene expression in rat liver. This effect was not seen with MC and α-NF. ERα and cyclin D1 mRNA levels were unchanged in uterus of rats after PAHs treatment. On the other hand, BP treatment caused an increase of the ERα and cyclin D1 mRNA levels (3,5- and 2,5-fold, respectively) in ovary, whereas MC and α-NF did not have any effects.

Thus, our results give evidence for tissue-specific effects of PAHs on expression of genes, which participate in hormonal carcinogenesis. Moreover, the fact that BP and MC treatment affects the expression of estrogen-metabolizing genes and genes, which control of cell division, supports the view that PAHs may be one of the causes of endocrine disorder and consequent hormonal carcinogenesis.
The charged-particle production ratios $\bar{p}/p$, $K^-/K^+$, $\pi^-/\pi^+$, $(p + \bar{p})/(\pi^+ + \pi^-)$, $(K^+ + K^-)/(\pi^+ + \pi^-)$ and $(p + \bar{p})/(K^+ + K^-)$ are measured with the LHCb detector using $0.3 {\rm nb^{-1}}$ of $pp$ collisions delivered by the LHC at $\sqrt{s} = 0.9$ TeV and $1.8 {\rm nb^{-1}}$ at $\sqrt{s} = 7$ TeV. The measurements are performed as a function of transverse momentum $p_{\rm T}$ and pseudorapidity $\eta$. The production ratios are compared to the predictions of several Monte Carlo generator settings, none of which are able to describe adequately all observables. The ratio $\bar{p}/p$ is also considered as a function of rapidity loss, $\Delta y \equiv y_{\rm beam} - y$, and is used to constrain models of baryon transport.
Preclinical and clinical imaging of porous media or void spaces such as human lungs could be possible. Enzyme Inhibitors The study of multivalent enzyme inhibitors and their inhibitory activities is an area of research that has shown rapid growth in the last five years. This unique class of compounds may provide new pharmaceutical opportunities to treat diseases involving carbohydrate-processing enzymes. The scope of the Minireview by S. G. Gouin on page 11616 ff. is to highlight the potential and the limitations offered by this new type of inhibitor since the first proof of concept.1 Self-Assembly of Molecular Janus Particles Concepts of geometric and chemical symmetry breaking has led to the design and synthesis of hydrophobic and hydrophilic fullerene conjugates to form molecular Janus particles, which can be described as 'snowman-like' and 'mickey-mouse-like'. These fullerene-based Janus particles exhibit intriguing self-assembly in solution. For more details, see the Communication on page 11630 ff. by S. Z. D. Cheng, X. Yu, W.-B. Zhang et al.1 Chromophores In their Full Paper on page 11708 ff., H.-W. Schmidt, R. Hildnera, M. Kivala et al. describe a reliable synthetic route to functionalize carbonyl-bridged triarylamines with either three naphthalimides or three 4-(5-hexyl-2,2′-bithiophene)naphthalimides as peripheral chromophores.

In their Communication on page 11636 ff., K. Kovtunov, E. Chekmenev et al. describe the 3D 1H MRI of hyperpolarized flowing propane at relatively short times with microscale spatial resolution and a large imaging matrix. The hyperpolarized propane was prepared by using a Rh/TiO2 catalyst with Rh particle size of 1.6 nm.

This highly stable catalyst allows for preparation of nontoxic asphyxiant hyperpolarized propane gas to potentially enable robust preclinical and clinical 3D molecular imaging. Steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopy provide clear evidence for energy transfer in both multichromophoric compounds.
The article proposes a methodological approach for assessing the territorial inequality based on an agent-oriented spatial model. The main decisions are made in the model at the microeconomic level by households and enterprises with spatial coordinates. Then they are aggregated to the level of regions, industries and the economy as a whole. The evaluation of the indicators according to the criterion of social justice is carried out using two groups of methods: firstly, statistical, primarily the Gini coefficients (which are based on the households’ incomes in regions or country as a whole), and secondly, methods for constructing isoelastic social welfare functions at the national and regional or zonal levels, which are based on the households’ utility functions and include the inequality rejection coefficient. Each value of the coefficient corresponds to a certain concept of social justice. This second group of methods is related to the original approach of the author. The model simulates the development of the government social policy, which is carried out by changing taxes and transfers and taking into account the degree of territorial inequality. Model calculations consider pensions and five types of monetary transfers in a fixed structure: unemployment benefits, child benefits, poverty benefits, social aid and basic income benefits. In a series of experiments, the effect on territorial inequality of changes in the total value of social transfers (with their fixed structure) and tax rates in accordance with the proportionality coefficients was assessed. It is used as a toolkit for changing the system of taxes and transfers and for supporting social policy to reduce spatial inequalities in Russia.
Disturbance waves in a downwards annular gas-liquid flow were investigated experimentally and numerically in this study. In the experiment, the brightness-based laser-induced fluorescence (BBLIF) technique was utilized to obtain high-resolution spatiotemporal measurements for the film thickness. In the simulations, the two-phase system was simulated by the volume of fluid (VOF) method together with newly developed turbulence damping models, without which the turbulence level around the film surface is considerably under-predicted. Qualitative and quantitative comparisons were carried out for the experimental and numerical data, during which a novel method was developed to extract complex wave structures in a direct manner. Comparisons showed that the model is able to reproduce the main stages of flow evolution, including development of high-frequency initial waves, their coalesce into stable large-scale disturbance waves, generation of slow and fast ripples, and disruption of fast ripples into droplets. The main properties of modeled waves are in decent agreement with the measured ones, apart from noticeably rarer generation of ripples. The presented methods offer a new and promising option to model various energy technology systems, where annular two-phase flow occurs.
Since 1980, in the post-smallpox vaccination era the human population has become increasingly susceptible compared to a generation ago to not only the variola (smallpox) virus, but also other zoonotic orthopoxviruses. The need for safer vaccines against orthopoxviruses is even greater now.

The Lister vaccine strain (LIVP) of vaccinia virus was used as a parental virus for generating a recombinant 1421ABJCN clone defective in five virulence genes encoding hemagglutinin (A56R), the IFN--binding protein (B8R), thymidine kinase (J2R), the complement-binding protein (C3L), and the Bcl-2-like inhibitor of apoptosis (N1L). We found that disruption of these loci does not affect replication in mammalian cell cultures.

The isogenic recombinant strain 1421ABJCN exhibits a reduced inflammatory response and attenuated neurovirulence relative to LIVP. Virus titers of 1421ABJCN were 3 lg lower versus the parent VACV LIVP when administered by the intracerebral route in new-born mice. In a subcutaneous mouse model, 1421ABJCN displayed levels of VACV-neutralizing antibodies comparable to those of LIVP and conferred protective immunity against lethal challenge by the ectromelia virus. The VACV mutant holds promise as a safe live vaccine strain for preventing smallpox and other orthopoxvirus infections.
The characteristics of two-phase gas-liquid flow and heat transfer during flow boiling and condensing in micro-scale heat exchangers are discussed in this paper. The results of numerical simulation of the evaporating liquid film flowing downward in rectangular minichannel of the two-phase compact heat exchanger are presented and the peculiarities of microscale heat transport in annular flow with phase changes are discussed. Presented model accounts the capillarity induced transverse flow of liquid and predicts the microscale heat transport processes when the nucleate boiling becomes suppressed. The simultaneous influence of the forced convection, nucleate boiling and liquid film evaporation during flow boiling in plate-fin heat exchangers is considered. The equation for prediction of the flow boiling heat transfer at low flux conditions is presented and verified using experimental data.
Anax nigrofasciatus Oguma, 1915 is a large aeshnid species found in South, South East and East Asia.

On 19 June 2021, its mature male was caught by E. Emelyanov in Nadezhdino District of Primorskiy Kray, Russia, at an artificial fire pond near the Sadko Garden Non-Commercial Fellowship (43.4171 N, 131.9327 E).

This is the first record of this species in the Russian Federation, increasing the number of Odonata species currently known from Russia to 157.
Detailed tracing of an exhaust plume from a rocket's initial trajectory is a scientifically and diagnostically useful technique. It can provide detailed information on the atmosphere's mean winds, wind shears, turbulent regime, and physical state over a wide altitude range from 50 to 200 km. We analyze Soyuz rocket exhaust plumes from Plesetsk on 21 May 2009 and 27 June 2011, which uncovered significantly different atmospheric states and underlying dynamics. The first case showed highly dynamical conditions in the mesosphere, characterized by vortex structures, wind shears, and small-scale turbulent eddies. The estimated turbulent energy dissipation rates ranged 330-460 mW kg-1. A characteristic balloon-shaped trail was observed at altitudes between 105 and 160 km, having rapid expansion rates of 500-800 m s -1 over the time period of 2 min which can be explained by complex gas dynamic processes in the rocket wake involving the collision of shock waves. In the second case, we show evidence that the rocket exhaust trail persisted without any changes during its motion from Plesetsk via Denmark to the UK for 9 h, indicating extremely stable atmospheric conditions. This case introduces a new state of the summer mesosphere - remarkably quiet conditions, probably never observed before. The rocket plumes studied, related to the initial rocket trajectory, are essentially twilight phenomena as seen from the ground using wideband spectrum cameras, that is, the Sun should be below the horizon by 6°. For the first time, we analyze the dynamics of rocket exhaust products at the initial trajectory in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere using detailed photographic imaging taken from the ground. Key Points Soyuz rocket launches uncovered different atmospheric states and dynamics A characteristic balloon-shaped trail was observed between 105 and 160 km A rocket exhaust trail persisted without any changes during its motion for 9 hrs
The laser cooling of atoms with a narrow-line optical transition, i.e., in regimes of quantum nature of laser-light interactions resulting in a significant recoil effect, is studied.

It is demonstrated that a minimum laser-cooling temperature for two-level atoms in a standing wave reached for red detuning close to three recoil frequencies is vastly different from the theory used for a semiclassical description of Doppler cooling. A set of dimensionless parameters uniquely characterizing the time evolution and the steady state of different atoms with narrow-line optical transitions in the laser field is introduced.

The results can be used for analysis of optimal conditions for laser cooling of atoms with narrow lines such as Ca, Sr, and Mg, which are of great interest for atomic clocks.
We studied cavitating flow over the suction side of a symmetric 2D foil - a scaled-down model of high-pressure hydroturbine guide vanes (GV) - in different cavitation regimes at several attack angles. High-speed imaging was used to analyze spatial patterns and time dynamics of the gas-vapor cavities, as well as for evaluating the characteristic integral parameters. A hydroacoustic pressure transducer was employed to register time-spectra of pressure fluctuations behind the hydrofoil and, thereby, determine dedicated frequencies of unsteady regimes. A PIV technique was applied to measure the velocity fields and its fluctuations, which were compared for the free and forced flow conditions. The active flow control was implemented by means of a continuous liquid supply with different flow rates through a slot channel located in the GV surface at the distaence of 60% of the chord length from the foil leading edge. It was found that the active mass injection does not influence the primary flow upstream of the slot channel position absolutely. At small angles of incidence, the injection flow at velocities in the range between zero to 0.76 of the mean bulk velocity was observed not to practically influence the distributions of turbulent characteristics so that the global difference is only between the free and forced flow conditions. For cavitation-free and cavitation inception cases, the active mass injection was shown to make the flow turbulence structure more developed and the wake past the GV section more intense. However, the active flow control system considered also allows a favorable and efficient flow manipulation, especially at the regimes with developed gas-vapor cavities. Moreover, the active flow management makes it possible to reduce substantially the amplitude or totally suppress the periodic cavity length oscillations and pressure pulsations associated with them.
The fate of subducted carbonates in the lower mantle and at the core-mantle boundary was modelled via experiments in the MgCO3-Fe0 system at 70–150 GPa and 800–2600 K in a laser-heated diamond anvil cell. Using in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction and ex situ transmission electron microscopy we show that the reduction of Mg-carbonate can be exemplified by: 6MgCO3 + 19Fe = 8FeO +10(Mg0.6Fe0.4)O + Fe7C3 + 3C. The presented results suggest that the interaction of carbonates with Fe0 or Fe0-bearing rocks can produce Fe-carbide and diamond, which can accumulate in the D'' region, depending on its carbon to Fe ratio. Due to the sluggish kinetics of the transformation, diamond can remain metastable at the core-mantle boundary (CMB) unless it is in a direct contact with Fe-metal. In addition, it can be remobilized by redox melting accompanying the generation of mantle plumes.
The review is devoted to the analysis of literature data related to the role of proteomic studies in the study of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Diagnosis of patients with atherosclerotic plaques before clinical manifestations is an arduous task.

To assess the involvement of proteins in the pathological process of atherosclerosis, it is important to investigate the specific relationships between proteins in the arteries, expression and concentration of proteins. The development of proteomic technologies has made it possible to analyse the number of proteins associated with the development of the disease.

Analysis of the proteomic profile of the vascular wall in atherosclerosis can help to detect possible diagnostically significant protein structures or potential biomarkers of the disease and develop novel approaches to the diagnosis of atherosclerosis and its complications.
This is a brief review of the investigations of receptivity and control of hypersonic shock layers. The present paper describes comprehensive numerical and experimental investigations of evolution of disturbances generated in the hypersonic viscous shock layer (VSL) on a flat plate by external acoustic waves and by perturbations introduced into the shock layer from the surface of model. The active control of intensity of pulsations is possible because both external acoustic waves and the periodic controlled disturbances introduced on the plate surface generate, in a shock layer, entropy-vorticity disturbances with identical spatial distributions and phase velocities.
A study of the production of Mueller-Navelet jets at 13 TeV LHC is presented, including BFKL resummation effects and investigating three different variants of the BLM scale optimization method. It is shown how the cross section and the azimuthal observables are affected by the exclusion of the events where, for a given rapidity interval between the two jets, one of these is produced in the central region.
Aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the combined use of statins with ezetimibe in patients of various nosological groups of high and very high cardiovascular risk.

A prospective interventional non-randomized study included 40 people, mean age 60.7±9.5 years, high and very high cardiovascular risk, who did not receive statin therapy or took statins without reaching the target low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol values. Patients were recommended to receive high-intensity statin therapy in combination with ezetimibe for 3 months. Biochemical parameters were determined by standard enzymatic methods and the beginning of combined lipid-correcting therapy and after 3 months.

Initial combination therapy with statin and ezetimibe is well tolerated and can reduce LDL cholesterol levels by 2 times within 3 months in various categories of patients with high and very high cardiovascular risk.
The splitting of the delta-layers in the DA-pHEMT heterostructures has resulted in the increase of the spacer's effective thickness and growth of the low-field 2DEG mobility from 4000÷5000 cm2 V-1 s-1 up to 6500 cm2 V-1 s-1 at the temperature of 300 K and 2DEG density of 4.0×1012 cm-2. The 2DEG mobility in the δ-splitted DA-pHEMT heterostructures almost coincides with the mobility in standard pHEMT heterostructures, but the 2DEG density in the DA-pHEMT heterostructures is approximately twice higher.

The additional potential barrier in the DA-pHEMT heterostructures formed by the acceptors causes the reduction of the real-space transfer effect.

Therefore, the drift saturation velocity in these heterostructures is higher than the drift saturation velocity in standard pHEMT heterostructures.
This paper was focused on studying of turbulent mixing in a model gas-turbine combustor by using planar laser-induced fluorescence.

The case of model fuel injection through the pilot jet with Re = 30 000 was considered. Acetone was used as a fluorescent tracer. Data processing methods including correction of sensor sensitivity, background signal correction and correction of non-uniformity of the laser sheet were described.

The instantaneous and averaged concentration fields and the concentration pulsations were demonstrated.
Using high-speed video recording and the method of dual laser scanning the gas-liquid flow was investigated in rectangular microchannels with an aspect ratio of 2.35 and 1.26. Experiments were earned out for the vertical flow of ethanol-nitrogen mixture in a microchannel with a cross section of 553×235 µm and for the horizontal flow of water-nitrogen mixture in a microchannel with a cross section of 315×250 µm. The T-mixer was used at the channel's inlet for gas-liquid flow formation. It was observed that elongated bubble, transition, and annular flows are the main regimes for a microchannel with a hydraulic diameter substantially less than the capillary constant. Using laser scanning, the maps of flow regimes for ethanol-nitrogen and water–nitrogen mixtures were obtained and discussed.
The goal of this paper was to study the viscosity of liquids and gases in nanochannels.

The classical molecular dynamics method is used to simulate the viscosity of liquids in nanochannels. However, the transport coefficients are determined by the special fluctuation-dissipation theorems constructed by the authors on the basis of nonequilibrium statistical mechanics. These theorems generalize the well-known Green–Kubo formulas. To simulate the transport coefficients of rarefied gases in nanochannels, a method of stochastic molecular modeling has been developed. The walls are assumed to be solid, and the interaction of fluid molecules with them is described by specular, diffuse, or specular-diffuse reflection laws.

The dependences of the viscosity coefficient of argon and benzene in channels made of copper and aluminum with square and circular cross-sections on the size of the channel are studied. The fluid viscosity in the channel can be either greater or less than its viscosity in the bulk. It is shown that the effective viscosity of the fluid can be controlled by changing the material of the channel walls. The decisive role in this effect played the depth of the well of the interaction potential of the wall atoms; with its increase, the effective viscosity of the liquid increases. A strong anisotropy of the viscosity of the gases in nanochannels, even with rather large sizes, has been established. The viscosity coefficients in different directions can differ by more than ten times. In this case the determining role plays the interaction of the gas molecules with the walls of the channel again.