Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Dickinsonia in the central Urals occurs in a succession transitional from marginal marine to non-marine. Even within this sequence Dickinsonia appears to be restricted to the least marine facies interpreted as a coastal lagoon surrounded by tidal flats. Another puzzling aspect is the complete absence of other Ediacaran taxa that are usually found together with Dickinsonia in other fossil localities. In fact, the Sinii Kamen Member of the Cherny Kamen Formation yielded an assemblage of Ediacaran macrofossils including aspidellamorph and mawsonitomorph holdfasts, frondomorphs, palaeopascichnids, and concentric ring structures of microbial origin; however, fossils of Dickinsonia have never been found in this association.
Length and quality of life are important to us all, yet identification of promising drug targets for human aging using genetics has had limited success. In the present study, we combine six European-ancestry genome-wide association studies of human aging traits—healthspan, father and mother lifespan, exceptional longevity, frailty index and self-rated health—in a principal component framework that maximizes their shared genetic architecture. The first principal component (aging-GIP1) captures both length of life and indices of mental and physical wellbeing. We identify 27 genomic regions associated with aging-GIP1, and provide additional, independent evidence for an effect on human aging for loci near HTT and MAML3 using a study of Finnish and Japanese survival. Using proteome-wide, two-sample, Mendelian randomization and colocalization, we provide robust evidence for a detrimental effect of blood levels of apolipoprotein(a) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 on aging-GIP1. Together, our results demonstrate that combining multiple aging traits using genetic principal components enhances the power to detect biological targets for human aging. Many aging-related phenotypes share a common genetic component, but to disentangle disease-specific variants from aging-specific ones has been challenging. Here Timmers et al. combined several genetics studies of aging-related traits to identify common underlying genetic factors that contribute to aging.
In this paper, we introduce pseudo braid monoids and show that, such a monoid is isomorphic to a singular braid monoid.

We also prove an analogue of Markov's Theorem for pseudo braids.
The characteristics of MIS structures based on insulating PbSnTe:In films with compositions in the vicinity of a band inversion grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) were studied.

It has been shown that a number of their features can be caused by a ferroelectric phase transition with a Curie temperature in the range T ≈ 15–20 K.
Winter wheat growing areas in the Northern hemisphere are regularly exposed to heavy frost. Due to the negative impact on yield, the identification of genetic factors controlling frost tolerance (FroT) and development of tools for breeding is of prime importance.

Here, we detected QTL associated with FroT by genome wide association studies (GWAS) using a diverse panel of 276 winter wheat genotypes that was phenotyped at five locations in Germany and Russia in three years. The panel was genotyped using the 90 K iSelect array and SNPs in FroT candidate genes. In total, 17,566 SNPs were used for GWAS resulting in the identification of 53 markers significantly associated (LOD ≥ 4) to FroT, corresponding to 23 QTL regions located on 11 chromosomes (1A, 1B, 2A, 2B, 2D, 3A, 3D, 4A, 5A, 5B and 7D).

The strongest QTL effect confirmed the importance of chromosome 5A for FroT. In addition, to our best knowledge, eight FroT QTLs were discovered for the first time in this study comprising one QTL on chromosomes 3A, 3D, 4A, 7D and two on chromosomes 1B and 2D. Identification of novel FroT candidate genes will help to better understand the FroT mechanism in wheat and to develop more effective combating strategies.
The Tunka-Grande array is part of a single experimental complex, which also includes the Tunka-133 and TAIGA-HiScORE (High Sensitivity COsmic Rays and gamma Explorer) wide-angle Cherenkov arrays, TAIGA-IACT array (Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescope) and TAGA-MUON scintillation array. This complex is located in the Tunka Valley (Buryatia Republic, Russia), 50 km from Lake Baikal. It is designed to study the energy spectrum and the mass composition of charged cosmic rays in the energy range 100 TeV - 1000 PeV, to search for diffuse gamma rays above 100 TeV and to study local sources of gamma rays with energies above 30 TeV. This report outlines 3 key points. The first is the description of the Tunka-Grande scintillation array. The second one presents the computer simulation strategy of the Tunka Grande array based on the Geant4 software. The third one is devoted to the prospects for future research in the field of cosmic ray physics and gamma-ray astronomy using simulation results.
The object of research was the American mink, a predator, a semi-aquatic representative of the mustelidae family. Due to domestication and selection, changes occur in the economically useful traits of animals. Ignoring the biological characteristics of minks creates a threat to the emergence and development of serious abnormalities in metabolism, which can lead to a decrease in productivity and even death.

The study was carried out on an adult population of males and females of the 22 nd generation of different behavioral types and genotypes at the Experimental Fur Farm of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The total number of studied animals was 547 ones of the Standard dark brown (+/+), Hedlund-white (h/h) and black crystal (CR/ +) genotypes. All animals were kept in the same conditions and received food edlibitum (lat. – full) on a unified ratio once a day in the afternoon. The research results were processed using a standard biometric method. The comparison was carried out according to the Student’s test. The aim of this work was to study the course of molting of the American mink depending on the genotype, behavioral character and gender of animals. At the end of August, a visual assessment of the course of molt along the tail was carried out. Points were assigned individually to each animal (from 0 to 5 points).

During the study of the molting process of the American mink, it was found that in male aggressors of the black crystal and headlund genotypes, molting proceeded much more intensively than in animals of the standard genotype (by 1.9 and 1.3 points), and in females of the aggressive type of behavior of the standard genotype it was faster than in females of genotypes headlund and black crystal (by 1.8 and 1.6 points). When comparing gender data in animals of different genotypes and behavioral reactions, the best molt course was found in male aggressors of the Hedlund and Black Crystal genotypes in comparison with females of the same genotypes (by 0.6 and 0.5 points, respectively). Research in this area makes it possible to study these processes and apply them in practice.
We investigate the fundamental phenomenon of the spontaneous, noise-induced modulational instability (MI) of a plane wave. The statistical properties of the noise-induced MI, observed previously in numerical simulations and in experiments, have not been explained theoretically. In this Letter, using the inverse scattering transform (IST) formalism, we propose a theoretical model of the asymptotic stage of the noise-induced MI based on N-soliton solutions of the focusing one-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation. Specifically, we use ensembles of N-soliton bound states having a special semiclassical distribution of the IST eigenvalues, together with random phases for norming constants. To verify our model, we employ a recently developed numerical approach to construct an ensemble of N-soliton solutions with a large number of solitons, N∼100. Our investigation reveals a remarkable agreement between spectral (Fourier) and statistical properties of the long-term evolution of the MI and those of the constructed multisoliton, random-phase bound states. Our results can be generalized to a broad class of strongly nonlinear integrable turbulence problems.
The microbiome of cultivated and wild potato species was studied, effective endophytic bacteria were isolated, and experimental samples of microbial preparations were developed. The effectiveness of microbial preparations based on Bacillus thuringiensis W65 and Paenibacillus xylanexedens N40 strains in the Leningrad and Novosibirsk regions on new potato varieties is shown.
The article deals with the description of the key elements of the conceptual space of the short story A White, White Day by Andrei Tarkovsky, which served as a basis in the key episode of the feature film Mirror.

The main method used in the framework of the research is conceptual analysis of texts. To reveal the readers’ background notions about the short story and the author, to determine the semantics of the title and to reveal keywords on the basis of readers’ reception, we also used the experimental data obtained in 2017 when 51 students of Novosibirsk State University were surveyed. The participants were asked to read the information about the text and to answer 2 questions.

1. Even if readers do not know anything about the author of the text, its title and the epigraph create the particular semantic background on which the reception of the short story is superimposed. 2. Through the title the individual concept of the white day is introduced into the conceptual space. 3. The frequently used lexemes and the short story keywords given to the respondents enable to reveal several key units of the conceptual space. 4. The key concepts of the short story are the conceptual basis of the subsequent film Mirror where the conceptual space gets more complicated.
Electron states in a quantum dot (QD) located near a 2D system of dipolar excitons are perturbed by fluctuations of the exciton density caused by the electron-exciton interaction. This results in the frequency changes of electron transitions in a QD.

The frequency depends on the exciton density, as well as on the exciton gas phase state.

In the present work, the shifts of the two lowest QD energy levels are found both in the normal state of the exciton system and for the Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) regime.
Применение технологии LLIF у пациентов с дегенеративным сколиозом поясничного отдела позвоночника:
A new numerical method for solving the Serre–Green–Naghdi (SGN) equations describing dispersive waves on shallow water is proposed. From the mathematical point of view, the SGN equations are the Euler–Lagrange equations for a 'master' lagrangian submitted to a differential constraint which is the mass conservation law. One major numerical challenge in solving the SGN equations is the resolution of an elliptic problem at each time instant. This is the most time-consuming part of the numerical method.

The idea is to replace the 'master' lagrangian by a one-parameter family of 'augmented' lagrangians, depending on a greater number of variables, for which the corresponding Euler–Lagrange equations are hyperbolic. In such an approach, the 'master' lagrangian is recovered by the augmented lagrangian in some limit (for example, when the corresponding parameter is large). The choice of such a family of augmented lagrangians is proposed and discussed. The corresponding hyperbolic system is numerically solved by a Godunov type method.

Numerical solutions are compared with exact solutions to the SGN equations. It appears that the computational time in solving the hyperbolic system is much lower than in the case where the elliptic operator is inverted. The new method is applied, in particular, to the study of 'Favre waves' representing non-stationary undular bores produced after reflection of the fluid flow with a free surface at an immobile wall.
. Nematodes belong to economically important pests. Here we reviewed the recent data on molecular mechanisms of plant resistance to cyst and gall nematodes including the most devastating Globodera rostochiensis, G. pallida, Heterodera schachtii, Meloidogyne chitwoodi, and M. incognita. The Golden Potato Cyst Nematode (G. rostochiensis, GPCN) may be taken as an example of an economically important pest: in Russia, it occurs in 61 regions with a total area of 1.8 million ha and may cause the yield loss from 19 to 90 %. The biological characteristics of sedentary nematodes makes their agrotechnical control problematic, i.e. the GPCN cysts remain dormant in soil for many years until a susceptible host appears, whereas nematicides are either toxic or inefficient. Introgression of resistance genes (R-genes) from related cultivated or wild species is likely to be the most appropriate way for their biocontrol. The life cycle of sedentary nematodes is based on juveniles' penetration into the host root where they reprogram plant cells into a syncytium or the so-called 'giant cells' and inhibit the plant defense response. Molecular mechanisms of plant-nematode interaction are unusual and this phenomenon provides a very interesting model for the investigation of plant morphogenesis control as well as for the development of new genetic instruments of biocontrol. Here we reviewed recent publications on plant parasitic nematode effectors used for hijacking of the plant immune system, data on R-genes and molecular mechanisms of their activities. In addition, host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) is discussed as a perspective mechanism for nematode biocontrol. HIGS is based on the RNA interference in the cells of the host plant addressed against the nematode genes important for their development and productivity. Several recent investigations demonstrated efficiency of HIGS against sedentary nematodes.
We demonstrate different types of breathing soliton complexes in a mode-locked fibre laser: multi-breather molecules, and molecular complexes arising from the binding of two breather-pair molecules or a breather-pair molecule and a single breather.
The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of angina pectoris (AP) according to the standardized epidemiological questionnaire of Rose in the population of 25–45 years of Novosibirsk and to identify its association with some lipid and non-lipid risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD). Material and methods. Cross-sectional survey of the population aged 25–45 in Novosibirsk was carried out. The study included 1439 people (656 men and 783 women). Within the framework of the complex survey program, the standardized epidemiological questionnaire of Rose (WHO, 1984) was used. Blood levels of total cholesterol (total C), triglycerides (TG), low and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL–C, HDL–C) were determinate by biochemical methods. Results. For all lipid indicators, significant differences were found between men and women. The levels of total C, TG and LDL–C were significantly higher, and the level of HDL–C was lower in men, than in women. According to the Rose questionnaire, out of 1439 people included in the study, 12 patients (0.8%) had AP (75% women). In persons with AP, blood levels of TG were 1.8 times higher, and the levels of HDL–C in blood was 1.2 times lower compared to persons without AP. Univariate analysis of associations of AP with CHD risk factors showed that the chance of developing angina pectoris in the population of 25–45 years was significantly increased in individuals with high blood TG levels (OR 3,515, DI 1,106–11,168, p = 0.039) and low HDL–C (OR 1,203, DI 1,054–1,372, p = 0.006). A natural, although statistically not significant (OR 3,165, p=0,055, due to the small number of groups with AP) increasing in the chance of developing AP in hypertension was detected. Conclusion. In the young population of 25–45 years in Novosibirsk, elevated blood levels of TG, reduced levels of HDL–C, and hypertension were associated with AP, according to Rosecardiological questionnaire, which underlines the importance of conducting screening surveys of the young population to improve effective prevention and treatment of diseases.
The existence of a new force beyond the Standard Model is compelling because it could explain several striking astrophysical observations which fail standard interpretations.

We searched for the light vector mediator of this dark force, the U boson, with the KLOE detector at the DAΦNE e+e- collider. Using an integrated luminosity of 1.54 fb⁻¹, we studied the process e+e- → Uγ, with U → e+e-, using radiative-return to search for a resonant peak in the dielectron invariant-mass distribution.

We did not find evidence for a signal, and set a 90% CL upper limit on the mixing strength between the Standard Model photon and the dark photon, ε², at 10⁻⁶–10⁻⁴ in the 5–520 MeV/c² mass range.
The time dynamics of nonequilibrium charge carrier relaxation processes in SI GaAs:EL2 (semi-insulating gallium arsenide compensated with EL2 centers) and HR GaAs:Cr (high-resistive gallium arsenide compensated with chromium) were studied by the optical pump–terahertz probe technique.

Charge carrier lifetimes and contributions from various recombination mechanisms were determined at different injection levels using the model, which takes into account the influence of surface and volume Shockley–Read–Hall (SRH) recombination, interband radiative transitions and interband and trap-assisted Auger recombination.

It was found that, in most cases for HR GaAs:Cr and SI GaAs:EL2, Auger recombination mechanisms make the largest contribution to the recombination rate of nonequilibrium charge carriers at injection levels above ~(0.5–3)·1018 cm−3, typical of pump–probe experiments. At a lower photogenerated charge carrier concentration, the SRH recombination prevails. The derived charge carrier lifetimes, due to the SRH recombination, are approximately 1.5 and 25 ns in HR GaAs:Cr and SI GaAs:EL2, respectively. These values are closer to but still lower than the values determined by photoluminescence decay or charge collection efficiency measurements at low injection levels. The obtained results indicate the importance of a proper experimental data analysis when applying terahertz time-resolved spectroscopy to the determination of charge carrier lifetimes in semiconductor crystals intended for the fabrication of devices working at lower injection levels than those at measurements by the optical pump–terahertz probe technique. It was found that the charge carrier lifetime in HR GaAs:Cr is lower than that in SI GaAs:EL2 at injection levels > 1016 cm−3.
The processes of the migration and concentration of trace elements during sedimentation in small continental lakes in various landscape zones of the south of Western Siberia have been studied. We provide a quantitative assessment of the concentration levels and changes in the regional geochemical background of Cd, Hg, Sb, Zn, and Pb in sapropel deposits over the past 200 years. It was shown that complex natural processes determined by a combination of azonal factors play a fundamental role in the formation of the geochemical and mineral compositions of the bottom sediments of small lakes in various landscape zones in the south of Western Siberia. These consist of: the formation of sedimentary material in the lake catchment depending on the relief, geology, soil, and vegetation cover, as well as anthropogenic influences; the formation of authigenic organic and mineral matter as a result of biological, biochemical, and physicochemical processes; and the deposition of a complex mixture of allochthonous and autochthonous matter at the bottom of a lake, which flows under conditions of prolonged ice formation (anaerobic conditions).
Gas hydrates and wax are the major flow assurance problems for the transportation of produced hydrocarbons through pipelines. However, in most research works both these two problems are studied separately. Although simultaneous precipitation or deposition of these compounds in pipelines can lead to different mitigation/prevention strategies, the investigations in which both these problems are considered simultaneously appeared only recently. There is no information in the literature on the texture/composition and features of decomposition process of mixed wax/hydrate plugs.

In this work, three wax/gas hydrate plugs were collected at quasi-static conditions from a water-in-oil emulsion to study their texture, composition and the features of decomposition process. Powder X-ray diffraction and IR (infrared spectroscopy) analyses showed that the plugs consisted of wax and gas hydrate. Thermovolumetric and DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) experiments showed that the main part of gas hydrate in the plugs at the ambient pressure started to decompose at about 268 K.

This temperature was higher than the equilibrium temperature of carbon dioxide hydrate at this pressure, indicating that the gas hydrate in the plugs could be effectively preserved at temperatures below the ice melting point (273.2 K). It was found through observation of the hydrate decomposition process in the plugs under the microscope that the gas in the samples released in small bubbles, while the hydrate particles were not visible at this magnification, indicating that the hydrate was indeed highly dispersed in the samples. A residual wax was jelly-like after decomposition of hydrate in all the cases. Rheological experiments showed that the plugs residues after decomposition of the hydrates had higher yield points and viscosities than the initial waxy crude oil originally used for the experiments.
Subjects and methods. The study included patients with IDC (group 1; n=111, 89.2% men, average age 51.7±9.7 years) and ICM (group 2; n=110, 91.5% men, average age 58.7±8.4 years). All patients (IDC and ICM) underwent coronary angiography. Based on the anamnesis data and instrumental studies, those patients who could be said to have no risk factors for the development of dilatation of the heart cavities were identified in the group 1. And those patients who were reliably diagnosed with coronary artery disease were in the group 2, that is, dilatation of the heart cavities is due to a previous myocardial infarction, existing angina pectoris. The control group (n=121, average age 53.6±4.8 years) included patients who had no manifestations of cardiovascular diseases. The patients underwent laboratory and instrumental studies, as well as molecular and genetic studies of the A/G polymorphism of the SCN5A gene (rs1805124). Results. In the group with IDC 51.4% of patients were carriers of the common homozygous AA genotype, the heterozygous AG genotype-40.5%, and the rare homozygous GG genotype-8.1%. In the control group 63.3% of patients were identified as carriers of a homozygous genotype by a common allele, and 33.5% were carriers heterozygous genotype, and homozygous genotype for a rare allele – 3.2%. The analysis revealed a statistically significant decrease in the frequency of carrying the homozygous AA genotype in patients with IDC compared to the control group of the rs1805124 polymorphism of the SCN5A gene. In the group of patients with ICM, the А allele (69.5% vs. 80.1%, p=0.003) and the AA genotype (50.9% vs. 63.3%, p=0.030) were significantly less common than in the control group. The rare homozygous GG genotype was statically more common in patients with ICM compared to the control group (11.8% vs. 3.2%, p=0.004). Also, the G allele in the group of patients with ICM was detected statically significantly more often than in the control group (30.5% vs. 19.9%, p= 0.003). Conclusion. The polymorphic locus rs1805124 of the SCN5A gene is associated with both IDC and ICM. Homozygous genotype AA and allele A are conditionally protective factors for the development of these conditions in men.