Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
The three-wave migration hypothesis of Greenberg et al . has permeated the genetic literature on the peopling of the Americas. Greenberg et al . proposed that Na-Dene, Aleut-Eskimo and Amerind are language phyla which represent separate migrations from Asia to the Americas.

We show that a unique allele at autosomal microsatellite locus D9S1120 is present in all sampled North and South American populations, including the Na-Dene and Aleut-Eskimo, and in related Western Beringian groups, at an average frequency of 31.7%. This allele was not observed in any sampled putative Asian source populations or in other worldwide populations. Neither selection nor admixture explains the distribution of this regionally specific marker.

The simplest explanation for the ubiquity of this allele across the Americas is that the same founding population contributed a large fraction of ancestry to all modern Native American populations.
Axial algebras are a class of commutative non-associative algebras generated by idempotents, called axes, with adjoint action semi-simple and satisfying a prescribed fusion law. Axial algebras were introduced by Hall, Rehren and Shpectorov (in 2015) as a broad generalization of Majorana algebras of Ivanov, whose axioms were derived from the properties of the Griess algebra for the Monster sporadic simple group. The class of axial algebras of Monster type includes Majorana algebras for the Monster and many other sporadic simple groups, Jordan algebras for classical and some exceptional simple groups, and Matsuo algebras corresponding to 3-transposition groups.

It is shown here that double axes, i.e., sums of two orthogonal axes in a Matsuo algebra, satisfy the fusion law of Monster type (2η,η). Primitive subalgebras generated by two single or double axes are completely classified and 3-generated primitive subalgebras are classified in one of the three cases. These classifications further lead to the general flip construction outputting a rich variety of axial algebras of Monster type.

Thus, axial algebras of Monster type unify several strands in the theory of finite simple groups. An application of the flip construction to the case of Matsuo algebras related to the symmetric groups results in three new explicit infinite series of such algebras.
To raise the power of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and avoid false-positive results in structured populations, one can rely on mixed model based tests. When large samples are used, and when multiple traits are to be studied in the ’omics’ context, this approach becomes computationally challenging. Here we consider the problem of mixed-model based GWAS for arbitrary number of traits, and demonstrate that for the analysis of single-trait and multiple-trait scenarios different computational algorithms are optimal. We implement these optimal algorithms in a high-performance computing framework that uses state-of-the-art linear algebra kernels, incorporates optimizations, and avoids redundant computations,increasing throughput while reducing memory usage and energy consumption. We show that, compared to existing libraries, our algorithms and software achieve considerable speed-ups. The OmicABEL software described in this manuscript is available under the GNUGPL v. 3 license as part of the GenABEL project for statistical genomics at http: //www.genabel.org/packages/OmicABEL.
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a binary radiotherapeutic approach to the treatment of malignant tumors, especially glioblastoma, the most frequent and incurable brain tumor. For successful BNCT, a boron-containing therapeutic agent should provide selective and effective accumulation of 10B isotope inside target cells, which are then destroyed after neutron irradiation. Nucleic acid aptamers look like very prospective candidates for carrying 10B to the tumor cells. This study represents the first example of using 2′-F-RNA aptamer GL44 specific to the human glioblastoma U-87 MG cells as a boron delivery agent for BNCT. The closo-dodecaborate residue was attached to the 5′-end of the aptamer, which was also labeled by the fluorophore at the 3′-end. The resulting bifunctional conjugate showed effective and specific internalization into U-87 MG cells and low toxicity. After incubation with the conjugate, the cells were irradiated by epithermal neutrons on the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics neutron source. Evaluation of the cell proliferation by real-time cell monitoring and the clonogenic test revealed that boron-loaded aptamer decreased specifically the viability of U-87 MG cells to the extent comparable to that of 10B-boronophenylalanine taken as a control. Therefore, we have demonstrated a proof of principle of employing aptamers for targeted delivery of boron-10 isotope in BNCT. Considering their specificity, ease of synthesis, and large toolkit of chemical approaches for high boron-loading, aptamers provide a promising basis for engineering novel BNCT agents.
The study investigates helical vortices, which are fundamental structures in fluid dynamics, and a basic model of tip vortices behind wind turbines. In connection with the intensive development of wind energy, interest in modeling helical vortex wakes behind the rotors has increased.

Therefore, the purpose of this mini-review is to compare the existing methods for calculating the induced velocities of screw vortices. The three methods for calculating the motion of helical vortices are compared. Two typical forms of vorticity with uniform (Rankine-type) and Gaussian distributions in the core of helical vortices are compared, and the minimum distance between the vortex filaments or their turns is identified with sufficient accuracy in both cases.

The results presented in this mini-review can be used to model the helical vortices in the rotor wakes, central helical vortices in vortex devices, or natural phenomena such as tornadoes, dust tornadoes, and waterspouts.
We consider the inclusive process where a pair of identified hadrons having large transverse momenta is produced in high-energy proton-proton collisions. We concentrate on the kinematics where the two identified hadrons in the final state are separated by a large interval of rapidity. In this case the cross section receives large higher-order corrections, which can be resummed in the BFKL approach. We provide a theoretical input for the resummation of such contributions with next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy. This process has much in common with the widely discussed Mueller-Navelet jets production and can be also used to access the BFKL dynamics at proton colliders.
High-quality sequencing of the dog (Canis lupus familiaris) genome has enabled enormous progress in genetic mapping of canine phenotypic variation. The red fox (Vulpes vulpes), another canid species, also exhibits a wide range of variation in coat color, morphology, and behavior. Although the fox genome has not yet been sequenced, canine genomic resources have been used to construct a meiotic linkage map of the red fox genome and begin genetic mapping in foxes. However, a more detailed gene-specific comparative map between the dog and fox genomes is required to establish gene order within homologous regions of dog and fox chromosomes and to refine breakpoints between homologous chromosomes of the 2 species. In the current study, we tested whether canine-derived gene–containing bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones can be routinely used to build a gene-specific map of the red fox genome. Forty canine BAC clones were mapped to the red fox genome by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Each clone was uniquely assigned to a single fox chromosome, and the locations of 38 clones agreed with cytogenetic predictions. These results clearly demonstrate the utility of FISH mapping for construction of a whole-genome gene-specific map of the red fox. The further possibility of using canine BAC clones to map genes in the American mink (Mustela vison) genome was also explored. Much lower success was obtained for this more distantly related farm-bred species, although a few BAC clones were mapped to the predicted chromosomal locations.
Research subject. This article presents new data on carbonate facies of the upperUk subformation, Upper Riphean of theSouth Urals. A particular attention is paid to the distribution of rare-earth elements (REE) and yttrium (Y) in stromatolitic and intraclastic limestones and calcareous shales (bulk samples and their acetic acid leachates). Materials and methods . We have studied lithological features of limestones in the geological section and in thin sections. The contents of trace elements in rocks were determined by the ICP-MS method at the IGG UB RAS (Yekaterinburg), the composition of organic matter was determined at the IPGG SB RAS (Novosibirsk) by gas-liquid chromatography and chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results . The most representative section of the Upper Uk Subformation located along the eastern edge of the town Ust-Katav can be subdivided into several members of different lithology and thickness: (1) biohermdominated member comprising large microbialitic build-ups and inter-bioherm sediments (intraclastic limestones, calcareous biolaminites); (2) transitional member characterised by small bioherms alternating with other carbonates; (3) interbedded coarseand fine-grained limestones. The presence of molar-tooth structures in the carbonate rocks of Uk Formation made it possible to constrain the age of thisUpper Riphean formation to pre-Cryogenian Conclusions . There are similarities in REE and Y distribution in both clean (devoid of siliciclastic component) bulk limestone samples and in their acetic acid leachates. PAAS-normalised REE + Y patterns demonstrate positive La, Gd, Y anomalies and negative Eu, Ce anomalies. The latter suggest marine depositional environments for theUpper Uk stromatolitic limestones. The results of the pioneering research into the composition of bitumens and biomarkers from the Upper Uk Subformation have shown that carbonates and shales are depleted in the organic matter. The source material for the organic matter was provided by two types of communities comprising both eukaryotes and prokaryotes and inhabiting well aerated environment, perhaps with lowered salinity of marine water.
Unlike standard Riemann waves, which exclusively exist within the strong self-defocusing regime of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation

We introduce the concept of third-order Riemann pulses in nonlinear optical fibers. These pulses are generated when properly tailored input pulses propagate through optical fibers in the presence of higher-order dispersion and Kerr nonlinearity. Analytical and numerical results exhibit a good agreement, showing controllable pulse steepening and subsequent shock wave formation.

Specifically, we found that the pulse steepening dynamic is predominantly determined by the action of higher-order dispersion, while the contribution of group velocity dispersion is merely associated with a shift of the shock formation time relative to the comoving frame of the pulse evolution. such third-order Riemann pulses can be generated under both anomalous and normal dispersion conditions. In addition, we show that the third-order Riemann pulse dynamics can be judiciously controlled by a phase chirping parameter directly included in the initial chirp profile of the pulse.
It is well known that the plants are capable to hyperaccumulation but despite their extensive use for water cleaning in environment, the essence of this phenomenon remains unclear.

This paper is focused on the development of methodology for the determination of peptides binding forms of the metal in plants on the example of cadmium and water hyacinth. The suggested approach is based on the analytes extraction followed by their HPLC separation with UV and element-selective detection, and at last amino acids and sulfide groups determination in the isolated fractions containing cadmium, and for this, the optimal parameters for the interfacing of microcolumn chromatograph and ICP-OES spectrometer have been developed.

It has been shown as a result that cadmium-containing compounds can be attributed to peptides similar to phytochelatins. This approach provides an information concerning the nature of the compounds responsible for the act of detoxification during bioaccumulation process.
In the present paper pressure disturbances influence on parallel flow of immiscible liquids, viz. castor oil and paraffin oil, in a T-shaped microchannel with 320 um hydraulic diameter is studied experimentally. Pressure disturbances with sinusoidal and meander wave shape were applied at different frequencies and pulse ratio to the flow of carrying phase, dispersed phase or both of them simultaneously. It was shown that pressure disturbances can lead to the transition to the slug flow. A parameter taking into account signal amplitude and frequency was introduced for flow map construction. Slug length and velocity was measured for all regimes studied.
This work presents implementation of a new approach to single-cascade Raman conversion of laser pulses from the spectral range around 1.1 µm into the 1.3-µm wavelength region. The proposed conversion technique relies on double-scale pico-femtosecond pulses for synchronous pumping of an external cavity made of phosphosilicate fiber with high-precision adjustment of pulse repetition rate to the inter-mode frequency of the external cavity. This enabled generation of double-scale pulses centered at 1270 nm featuring a record energy of 63 nJ and the pulse envelope duration of 88-180 ps with the sub-pulse duration of 200 fs. The fraction of the radiation that was converted into the 1270 nm range amounted to 47 percent of the total Raman-converted radiation power. The generated results offer promising possibilities for new spectral ranges to be developed in the field of high-energy pulsed sources with unique double-scale temporal structure.
A model of kinks appearance in the lipid bilayer membrane of erythrocytes, which are responsible for gas molecule transport, in particular, oxygen, is proposed.

It was shown that the kinks arise due to the simultaneous action of transverse and tensile longitudinal mechanical stresses compressing the membrane. This model explains the membrane's permeability sharp increase for gases during an erythrocyte passage through the microcapillary network with the compressive transverse mechanical stresses sharply increasing in its membrane.

It was found that the equation of kinks motion has a soliton solution, so that a kink-soliton is formed in the bilayer of the erythrocyte membrane. The developed model is consistent with the previously experimentally established fact that the native erythrocyte membranes in the bloodstream undergo a structural transition, when small changes in blood pH, hormone concentration, and temperature dramatically change the conformation of the biomembranes and its functions by changing the mechanical stress field in the biomembrane.
We conjecture that the random walk and the corresponding diffusion in the relativistic velocity space is an adequate method for describing the acceleration process in relativistic jets.

Considering a simple toy model, the main features of diffusion in the velocity space are demonstrated

in both non-relativistic and relativistic regimes.
The genome of flying birds, the smallest among amniotes, reflects overweight of the extensive DNA loss over the unrestricted proliferation of selfish genetic elements, resulted in a shortage of repeated sequences and lack of B-chromosomes. The only exception of this rule has been described in zebra finch, which possesses a large germ-line restricted chromosome (GRC), transmitted via oocytes, eliminated from male postmeiotic cells and absent in somatic cell. It is considered as a rarity and its origin, content and function remain unclear.

Our data based on fluorescent in situ hybridization of DNA probes derived from GRCs of four different Passeri species and their sequencing indicate that the GRCs show low homology between avian species. They contain fragments of the somatic genomes, which include various unique and repetitive sequences.

We discovered that all songbirds possess GRC: in various size and genetic content it is present in all fifteen songbird species investigated and absent from germ-line genomes of all eight species of other bird orders examined. We propose that the GRC has formed in the common ancestor of the extant songbirds and undergone subsequent divergence. GRC presence in the germ line of every songbird studied indicate that it could contain genetic element(s) indispensable for gametogenesis, which are yet to be discovered.
A meiotic linkage map is essential for mapping traits of interest and is often the first step toward understanding a cryptic genome. Specific strains of silver fox (a variant of the red fox, Vulpes vulpes ), which segregate behavioral and morphological phenotypes, create a need for such a map. One such strain, selected for docility, exhibits friendly dog-like responses to humans, in contrast to another strain selected for aggression. Development of a fox map is facilitated by the known cytogenetic homologies between the dog and fox, and by the availability of high resolution canine genome maps and sequence data. Furthermore, the high genomic sequence identity between dog and fox allows adaptation of canine microsatellites for genotyping and meiotic mapping in foxes.

Using 320 such markers, we have constructed the first meiotic linkage map of the fox genome. The resulting sex-averaged map covers 16 fox autosomes and the X chromosome with an average inter-marker distance of 7.5 cM. The total map length corresponds to 1480.2 cM.

From comparison of sex-averaged meiotic linkage maps of the fox and dog genomes, suppression of recombination in pericentromeric regions of the metacentric fox chromosomes was apparent, relative to the corresponding segments of acrocentric dog chromosomes. Alignment of the fox meiotic map against the 7.6x canine genome sequence revealed high conservation of marker order between homologous regions of the two species. The fox meiotic map provides a critical tool for genetic studies in foxes and identification of genetic loci and genes implicated in fox domestication.
Importance: Blood pressure (BP) is a known risk factor for overall mortality and cardiovascular (CV)-specific fatal and nonfatal outcomes. It is uncertain which BP index is most strongly associated with these outcomes. Objective: To evaluate the association of BP indexes with death and a composite CV event. Design, Setting, and Participants: Longitudinal population-based cohort study of 11 135 adults from Europe, Asia, and South America with baseline observations collected from May 1988 to May 2010 (last follow-ups, August 2006-October 2016). Exposures: Blood pressure measured by an observer or an automated office machine; measured for 24 hours, during the day or the night; and the dipping ratio (nighttime divided by daytime readings). Main Outcomes and Measures: Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) expressed the risk of death or a CV event associated with BP increments of 20/10 mm Hg. Cardiovascular events included CV mortality combined with nonfatal coronary events, heart failure, and stroke. Improvement in model performance was assessed by the change in the area under the curve (AUC). Results: Among 11 135 participants (median age, 54.7 years, 49.3% women), 2836 participants died (18.5 per 1000 person-years) and 2049 (13.4 per 1000 person-years) experienced a CV event over a median of 13.8 years of follow-up. Both end points were significantly associated with all single systolic BP indexes (P < .001). For nighttime systolic BP level, the HR for total mortality was 1.23 (95% CI, 1.17-1.28) and for CV events, 1.36 (95% CI, 1.30-1.43). For the 24-hour systolic BP level, the HR for total mortality was 1.22 (95% CI, 1.16-1.28) and for CV events, 1.45 (95% CI, 1.37-1.54). With adjustment for any of the other systolic BP indexes, the associations of nighttime and 24-hour systolic BP with the primary outcomes remained statistically significant (HRs ranging from 1.17 [95% CI, 1.10-1.25] to 1.87 [95% CI, 1.62-2.16]). Base models that included single systolic BP indexes yielded an AUC of 0.83 for mortality and 0.84 for the CV outcomes. Adding 24-hour or nighttime systolic BP to base models that included other BP indexes resulted in incremental improvements in the AUC of 0.0013 to 0.0027 for mortality and 0.0031 to 0.0075 for the composite CV outcome. Adding any systolic BP index to models already including nighttime or 24-hour systolic BP did not significantly improve model performance. These findings were consistent for diastolic BP. Conclusions and Relevance: In this population-based cohort study, higher 24-hour and nighttime blood pressure measurements were significantly associated with greater risks of death and a composite CV outcome, even after adjusting for other office-based or ambulatory blood pressure measurements. Thus, 24-hour and nighttime blood pressure may be considered optimal measurements for estimating CV risk, although statistically, model improvement compared with other blood pressure indexes was small.
We present a measurement of the charmless semileptonic decay $B^0\to\pi^-\ell^+\nu$ using a data sample containing 657$\times 10^6$ $B\bar{B}$ events collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy $e^+e^-$ collider operating near the $\Upsilon(4S)$ resonance. We determine the total branching fraction of the decay, $\mathcal{B}(B^0\to\pi^-\ell^+\nu)=(1.49\pm 0.04{(\mathrm{stat})}\pm 0.07{(\mathrm{syst})})\times 10^{-4}$. We also report a new precise measurement of the differential decay rate, and extract the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element $|V_{ub}|$ using model-independent and -dependent approaches. From a simultaneous fit to the measured differential decay rate and lattice QCD results, we obtain $|V_{ub}|=(3.43\pm 0.33)\times 10^{-3}$, where the error includes both statistical and systematic uncertainties.
Unlike in previously developed approaches designed for continuous-flow operation, where reactants (propene and parahydrogen) are simultaneously loaded for homogeneous or heterogeneous pairwise addition of parahydrogen

We report on a simple approach for efficient NMR proton hyperpolarization of propane using the parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP) technique, which yielded ≈6.2 % proton polarization using ≈80 % parahydrogen. Here a batch-mode method is applied: propene is first loaded into the catalyst-containing solution, which is followed by homogeneous hydrogenation via parahydrogen bubbling delivered at ≈7.1 atm.

The achieved nuclear spin polarization of this contrast agent potentially useful for pulmonary imaging is approximately two orders of magnitude greater than that achieved in the continuous-flow homogeneous catalytic hydrogenation, and a factor of 3-10 more efficient compared to the typical results of heterogeneous continuous-flow hydrogenations.