Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) based coordinate detectors are used at different high energy physics centres and at Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics particularly. These detectors possess a spatial resolution in ten micron scale together with high rate capability up to 10 7 cm −2 s −1 . Thus, the precise investigation of best possible spatial resolution, achieved with GEM-detectors, is the subject of interest.

The simulation of applied detector configurations includes transport of electrons through the detector and tracking of avalanche evolution inside the working volume, as well as obtaining signal distribution on the readout strips. The simulation of complete experimental set-up (including tracking detectors) was performed.

The spatial resolution, obtained in the simulation of an individual detector, is found to be essentially better (the difference is about two standard deviations) than the experimental results. Further efforts to find out the reasons of the contradiction between the simulation and measurements were made. The results of individual detector simulation and the simulation of complete set-up were determined to generally coincide.
One of the ways to build information models is ontological modeling. The use of ontologies greatly facilitates the exchange of data between embedded models and utilities for the digital representation of an object or a real-world system, sometimes called “digital twin” (DT). It is also important to establish a correspondence between the DT, people and external programs. Based on the dictionary of the main terms, classes, objects of the subject area and the relations between them, we have built an ontology of the hydroelectric dam DT.
The multigene family encoding the 5S rRNA, one of the most important structurally-functional part of the large ribosomal subunit, is an obligate component of all eukaryotic genomes. 5S rDNA has long been a favored target for cytological and phylogenetic studies due to the inherent peculiarities of its structural organization, such as the tandem arrays of repetitive units and their high interspecific divergence. The complex polyploid nature of the genome of bread wheat, Triticum aestivum, and the technically difficult task of sequencing clusters of tandem repeats mean that the detailed organization of extended genomic regions containing 5S rRNA genes remains unclear. This is despite the recent progress made in wheat genomic sequencing. Using pyrosequencing of BAC clones, in this work we studied the organization of two distinct 5S rDNA-tagged regions of the 5BS chromosome of bread wheat. Three BAC-clones containing 5S rDNA were identified in the 5BS chromosome-specific BAC-library of Triticum aestivum. Using the results of pyrosequencing and assembling, we obtained six 5S rDNA- containing contigs with a total length of 140,417 bp, and two sets (pools) of individual 5S rDNA sequences belonging to separate, but closely located genomic regions on the 5BS chromosome. Both regions are characterized by the presence of approximately 70–80 copies of 5S rDNA, however, they are completely different in their structural organization. The first region contained highly diverged short-type 5S rDNA units that were disrupted by multiple insertions of transposable elements. The second region contained the more conserved long-type 5S rDNA, organized as a single tandem array. FISH using probes specific to both 5S rDNA unit types showed differences in the distribution and intensity of signals on the chromosomes of polyploid wheat species and their diploid progenitors. A detailed structural organization of two closely located 5S rDNA-tagged genomic regions on the 5BS chromosome of bread wheat has been established. These two regions differ in the organization of both 5S rDNA and the neighboring sequences comprised of transposable elements, implying different modes of evolution for these regions.
The purpose of the study is to extend the use of nuclear magnetic resonance relaxometry and dielectric spectrometry methods. This is realized through a complex interpretation of the data by the above methods to timely provide additional petrophysical information about the drill cuttings pore space properties and structure. The relevance of the study is that the data on the drill cuttings obtained by the NMR method can be used as prior information in the logging data interpretation before a detailed petrophysical study of the core sample or in case of the core absence in the sampling interval. The objects of study are the drill cuttings samples from the fields of the West Siberian oil-and-gas province. The samples are saturated with different fluids, and their reservoir properties are determined by the nuclear magnetic resonance and dielectric spectrometry methods. As part of the experimental research, nuclear magnetic resonance investigations of the core samples of different discretization degrees have been carried out to determine the reservoir properties of the samples depending on the degree of their particle size reduction. It has been shown that the obtained results do not depend on the particle size of the measured sample and are consistent with the results of the standard petrophysical studies. The relationship between the porosity and the saturating fluid type has been established. Based on the data obtained by the dielectric spectroscopy method, the study has determined the value of the complex dielectric constant that shows how the degree of saturation changes depending on the fluid, and what happens in the pore space. The complex interpretation of the results obtained by the two methods provides additional information on the drill cuttings reservoir properties that can be used as a priori information on the formation properties.
A convenient synthetic method to diterpenoid dialkyne 18-propargyloxy-16-[(prop-2-yn-1-yloxi)methyl]labda-8( 17),13,15-triene in the common yield of 34 % from the natural plant diterpenoid lambertianic acid was developed.1,2,3-Triazolyl containing macroheterocyclic compounds with an integrated diterpenoid fragment have been prepared by CuAAC reaction of the labdanoid dialkyne with organic diazides.
The article describes characteristics of popular science sphere of communication: aim and content of communication, communicative environment of the author and the reader, worldviews, circumstances of the communication. Comparison with adjacent spheres of communication is made.

It is demonstrated that the content of the popular science sphere is derived from science sphere and placed into the reader's non-professional environment; and all that determines existence of two views on the subject matter of the text. The first view is based on scientific knowledge, the second sight – on common sense. The author's aim is to reconstruct the 'naïve' worldview of the reader, to dispose it and to convince the addressee that the scientific view is real life.

The more complete expression of these actions of the author is a framework which sets two semantic structures. Each of them consists of reference to the channel of information, predicate of 'feeling-thinking-speaking', and thesis. The first (left-hand) structure belongs to the reader's 'naïve' worldview, the second (right-hand) – to the author's scientific sight. Language expression of the elements of this construction can be text fragments or zero. The latter is available due to standard meanings of qualificative categories of the modality of sentence – authorization and epistemic modality
Heat exchangers used in various industries, most often work in conditions of variable flows and temperatures. At the same time, the existing theories of calculation of heat exchanger modes are based on the use of constant dimensionless parameters in any mode of operation.

Using the simulation method, dependencies were found that describe the change in the heat exchanger parameter which made it possible to obtain a general formula for the change in the heat exchanger parameter at varying coolant temperatures. To test the applicability of the existing relations describing the change in the heat exchanger parameter and the formula obtained, a large number of heat exchangers were calculated in variable operating modes.

Comparison with the simulation results showed that the ratios of the known theories of heat exchangers do not work in all modes and their application can lead to significant errors. A formula has been obtained allows one to find the effect of coolant temperatures on the variable parameter of the heat exchanger. The formula can be used to predict the modes of large systems.
This article examines the texts of the Indo-European tradition, which narrate about the myths of the origin of peoples. Thus, a segment of the Anglo-Saxon runic series correlates with Tacitus’s description of the origin of the Ingevon tribe. As a result, the parameters of the ethnically derived text are reconstructed. The parameters explain the choice of the sequence of the runes of the Anglo-Saxon Futhark. The restored text testifies that the Ingevons, who had the totem deity Ing, lived on the shores of the Ocean, and this was their homeland. Ethnogonic texts also tell about the correlation of totem and ethnonym in past eras. The German influence on the choice of the ethnonym Rus, determined by the alliterative connection of the name of the country with the name of Rurikovich, has been explained. The Rurikovich themselves came from the name of the Rhos tribe. Many ethnogonic texts are associated with sacrificial rituals. In this context, of interest is the name Italia, which takes its origin in the sacred texts of the high sacred style. The most ancient Indo-European inscription in the Lusitanian language, written in a high style and telling about the origin of the Veaminikori tribe, is analyzed. The choice of the names of sacred animals is contrasted with the profane names of the Latin prayer to the god Mars. The suouetaurilia prayer bears witness to the repertoire of sacrificial texts about dairy animals. As a result, it becomes clear that the name Italy is derived from the name uitulus in a high sacred style. Thus, the thematic contours of Indo-European texts containing ethnogonic myths about the origin of peoples are revealed. The boundaries between cultures are erased, and the Indo-European prototext comes to the fore, giving impetus to the genesis of ethnonyms, the naming of totems, as well as the names of their own tribal leaders. Thus, we can conclude that the sacred names of young dairy animals are represented in the Lusitanian language. In the rite of sacrifice, the scale of high style is attested. The name Italia refers precisely to the solemn sacred layer of vocabulary, but already as the implicit name of a Latin prayer to the god Mars. In the proportions of a proper name, rules for handling a name are incorporated, which vary from tradition to tradition. Attention is drawn to the special nature of ethnogonic texts that shed light on the origin of peoples. Cultural boundaries can be the limit that generates recognizable patterns that migrate from culture to culture.
Показано, что непрерывная 2π-периодическая функция однозначно восстановливается (на всей прямой) по известным последовательностям своих сумм Фейера в заданном конечном наборе точек тогда и только тогда, когда найдутся две точки из этого набора, расстояние между которыми несоизмеримо с π.

И что полные наборы интегралов Фейера в любых двух различных точках всегда однозначно восстанавливают непрерывную абсолютно интегрируемую по Лебегу на всей прямой функцию.

При этом ни по известной последовательности сумм Фейера в одной точке, ни по полному набору интегралов Фейера в одной точке ни одна из рассматриваемых непрерывных функций никогда не восстанавливается однозначно.
We report for the first time, rogue waves generation in a mode-locked fiber laser that worked in multiple-soliton state in which hundreds of solitons occupied the whole laser cavity. Using real-time spatio-temporal intensity dynamics measurements, it is unveiled that nonlinear soliton collision accounts for the formation of rogue waves in this laser state. The nature of interactions between solitons are also discussed. Our observation may suggest similar formation mechanisms of rogue waves in other systems.
Reproductive features of newly bred Russian voles (Microtus rossiaemeridionalis) as a laboratory animal were studied. This species is a copulatory ovulator, and most couples copulated 6 to 16 h after pairing. The gestation period varied from 18 to 22 days (mean +/- SD: 20.6 +/- 0.9, n = 72), and the average litter size was 4.6 +/- 1.9 (n = 125). Compared with the litter size at the first parturition (3.6 +/- 1.6, n = 72), the litter size in the subsequent parturitions increased to 5.9 +/- 1.4 (n = 53). The animals exhibited postpartum estrus, and repeated pregnancy accompanied with suckling pups and parturition continuously in the laboratory condition unlike other vole species. In view of their complex stomach and good proliferation, the Russian voles were evaluated as a good laboratory animal, especially as a model animal for ruminant studies.
Aging is the major risk factor of the most common (~95% of cases) sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD). Accumulating data indicate that middle age as a critical period for the relevant pathological processes; however, the question of when AD starts to develop remains open. It has been reported only recently that in the early postnatal period—when brain development is completing—preconditions for a decrease in cognitive abilities and for accelerated aging can form.

Here, we hypothesized that specific features of early postnatal brain development may be considered some of the prerequisites of AD development at an advanced age. To test this hypothesis, we used OXYS rats, which are a suitable model of sporadic AD. The duration of gestation, litter size, and weight at birth were lower in OXYS rats compared to control Wistar rats. The shortened duration of gestation may result in developmental retardation. Indeed, we noted decreased locomotor activity and increased anxiety in OXYS rats already at a young age: possible signs of altered brain development. We demonstrated retardation of the peak of postnatal neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of OXYS rats. Delayed neuronal maturation led to alterations of mossy-fiber formation: a shortened suprapyramidal bundle and longer infrapyramidal bundle, less pronounced fasciculation of granule cells' axons, and smaller size and irregular shape of nuclei in the CA3 pyramidal layer. These changes were accompanied by altered astrocytic migration.

The observed features of early development may be considered some of the risk factors of the AD-like pathology that manifests itself in OXYS rats late in life.
The literature review highlights the results of the most recent foreign and Russian studies on topical problems of vascular calcification with an emphasis on the relationship between some biochemical markers of vascular calcification (in priority osteoprotegerin and osteopontin) with cardiovascular disease and other associated conditions. Including some provisions of the reviewed studies help to clarify the pathophysiology mechanisms of vascular calcification. And it should also be noted that many aspects of the reviewed studies are directly related to a clinical practice. The purpose of this review is to generalize and systematize current knowledge about the contribution of vascular calcification biochemical markers to vascular tunic pathology, which finally leads to cardiovascular events. To prepare it, the databases PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, MDPI, Hindawi, Oxford Academic were used.
The fully kinetic, fully electromagnetic dispersion equation for a warm relativistic electron beam in a cold magnetized plasma is numerically solved with no simplifying assumptions made. For magnetic fields of various strengths, the growth rate maps for the beam-plasma instability are plotted and dominant modes are identified. The exact solution is compared with available approximate solutions. The latter are shown to misinterpret the effect of the magnetic field on the instability of oblique waves.
Aim . To study the risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) according to a 14-year prospective cohort study in Siberia.

Material and methods . Based on the data from the Russian arm of the HAPIEE project, we assessed all-cause deaths occurred by 2017 in the population cohort examined at baseline in 2003-2005 (n=9273). The baseline examination included the assessment of blood pressure (BP), anthropometry, levels of fasting triglycerides, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and blood glucose. The fatal cases in the studied cohort were identified from "Medical death certificates" for the period from February 1, 2003 to December 31, 2017, based on data from the Department of Civil Registration of Death Acts. Cardiovascular death was established using the International Classification of Diseases, the 10th revision (ICD-10): I (0-99).

Results . The mortality rate in subjects with MS was 16,6% — 751 deaths (25,1% in men and 11,5% in women), and it was 20-30% higher than in those without MS. Cardiovascular mortality in subjects with MS was 12,6% — 572 deaths (20,5% in men and 8,9% in women), and it was nearly 30% higher than in those without MS. Multivariable Cox regression revealed that among the components of MS, the elevated BP level even with BP ≥135/80 mm Hg had the major impact on increasing the risk of all-cause mortality (HR=1,7 (1,4; 2,1) in men; HR=2,2 (1,7; 2,8) in women) and increasing the risk of cardiovascular mortality (HR=2,2 (1,5; 3,0) in men and HR=2,8 (1,8; 4.3) in women). Among men, already 1 component of MS increased the risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality by 2,0 or more times; among women, 2-4 components of MS increased the risk of death by 3 times, and 5 components — by 4. Conclusion . In the studied population sample, cardiovascular and all-cause mortality during the 14-year follow-up in individuals with MS was about 25-30% higher compared to those without MS. The risk of cardiovascular and all-cause deaths in subjects with MS is comparable to the risk in case of blood pressure ≥135/80 mm Hg. With an increase in the number of MS components from 1 to 5, the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular death increases.
The aim of the work is to analyze the correlation between verbal, paragraphical, and visual components of the polymodal text of naïve discourse through the analysis of the concept uniting these parts of the text. During the analysis of ninety Instagram posts written in Russian, English, and French we found out several types of polymodal texts: 1) texts without text-forming concepts: 2) texts with text-forming concepts which are represented either 2.1) verbally and visually or 2.2) verbally and paragraphically or 2.3) paragraphically and visually or 2.4) verbally, paragraphically, and visually. The majority of the posts contain text-forming concepts, and they are represented at all the three levels. Types 2.3 and 2.2 are the least common. Although Instagram is a visual-centric social network, it is the verbal component of polymodal texts that represents concepts most often. Moreover, verbal component can represent all the sides of the concept connected with image perception, notion and values while non-verbal components often objectify only some of these sides. We also found out some specific traits connected with representation of concepts with the help of paragraphical means (emojis). First, metaphoric and metonymic transfers are inherent in emoji. Second, concepts can be represented by several emojis following each other. In this case each of them represents one attribute of the concept. Their order is usually random, and sometimes it causes ambiguity. As for the prospect of this research, our next step is to create the general method of analysis of concepts in polymodal texts and other polymodal objects, such as films.
The first measurements of differential branching fractions of inclusive semileptonic B→X_{u}ℓ^{+}ν_{ℓ} decays are performed using the full Belle data set of 711 fb^{-1} of integrated luminosity at the ϒ(4S) resonance and for ℓ=e, μ. With the availability of these measurements, new avenues for future shape-function model-independent determinations of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element |V_{ub}| can be pursued to gain new insights in the existing tension with respect to exclusive determinations. The differential branching fractions are reported as a function of the lepton energy, the four-momentum-transfer squared, light-cone momenta, the hadronic mass, and the hadronic mass squared. They are obtained by subtracting the backgrounds from semileptonic B→X_{c}ℓ^{+}ν_{ℓ} decays and other processes, and corrected for resolution and acceptance effects.
The differential gluon structure function of the proton $\mathcal{F}{(x,Q}^{2})$ introduced by Fadin, Kuraev, and Lipatov in 1975 is used in many applications of small-x QCD. We report here ready-to-use parametrizations of $\mathcal{F}{(x,Q}^{2})$ from the \ensuremath{\kappa}-factorization phenomenology of the experimental data on the small-x proton structure function ${F}_{2p}{(x,Q}^{2}).$ These parametrizations are based partly on the available Dokshitzer-Gribov-Lipatov-Altarelli-Parisi (DGLAP) evolution fits [Gl\"uck-Reya-Vogt, Coordinated Theoretical/Experimental Project on QCD Phenomenology (CTEQ), and Martin-Roberts-Stirling] to parton distribution functions and on realistic extrapolations into a soft region. We discuss the impact of soft gluons on various observables. The x dependence of the $\mathcal{F}{(x,Q}^{2})$ so determined varies strongly with ${Q}^{2}$ and does not exhibit simple Regge properties. Nonetheless, the hard-to-soft diffusion is found to give rise to a viable approximation of the proton structure function ${F}_{2p}{(x,Q}^{2})$ by the soft and hard Regge components with intercepts ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{\mathrm{soft}}=0$ and ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{\mathrm{hard}}\ensuremath{\sim}0.4.$
The connective tissue components that form the atherosclerotic plaque body are produced by the plaque inner mass cells (PIMC), located inside the plaque.

We report an approach to isolate and culture cells from the connective tissue of stable and vulnerable human atherosclerotic plaques based on elimination of non-connective tissue cells such as blood and non-plaque intima cells with a lysis buffer. The resulting plaque cells were characterized by growth capacity, morphology, transcriptome profiling and specific protein expression.

Plaque cells slowly proliferated for up to three passages unaffected by the use of proliferation stimulants or changes of culture media composition. Stable plaques yielded more cells than vulnerable ones. Plaque cell cultures also contained several morphological cellular types. RNA-seq profiles of plaque cells were different from any of the cell types known to be involved in atherogenesis. The expression of the following proteins was observed in cultured plaque cells: smooth muscle cells marker α-SMA, macrophage marker CD14, extracellular matrix proteins aggrecan, fibronectin, neovascularisation markers VEGF-A, CD105, cellular adhesion receptor CD31 and progenitor/dedifferentiation receptor CD34. Differential expression of several notable transcripts in cells from stable and vulnerable plaques suggests the value of plaque cell culture studies for the search of plaque vulnerability markers.