Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
We demonstrate a hybrid method based on field ionization and state-selective de-excitation capable of measuring the lifetimes of high-lying Rydberg states. For nS Rydberg states of Rb atoms with principal quantum number $60\leq n\leq88$, we measure both the individual target state lifetimes and those of the ensemble of Rydberg states populated via black-body radiation-induced transitions. We find good overall agreement with numerical calculations of the expected lifetimes in both cases. However, for the target state lifetimes, we find a local deviation towards shorter lifetimes for states around $n=72$, which we interpret as a signature of a modified black-body spectrum in the finite volume in which our experiments take place.
The solution of Lyapunov equations can be represented as a sum of Hermitian matrices corresponding either to particular eigenvalues of the system matrix, or to pairwise combinations of these eigenvalues. These eigen-parts or sub-Gramians proved to be useful for the stability analysis of electric power systems. In this paper we compare and contrast the sub-Gramians and participation factors as applied to the power system state estimation. Using the sub-Gramian approach we introduce the energy participation factor as a new indicator for selective modal analysis. For a stable system it characterizes the participation of i-th mode and initial k-th state in the integrated energy produced in k-th state. We explain the conceptual meaning and practical usefulness of energy participation factors and contrast them with the conventional participation factors in a selective modal analysis of the IEEE 57-bus test model.
Background. Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is one of the most aggressive human tumors. Since median survival of ATC patients is only 4 months, its early diagnosis is very important. Although ATC has specific clinical manifestations, the analysis of expression of different microRNAs can facilitate preoperative diagnostics and help to detect its potential precursors among differentiated cancers and other thyroid malignancies.

Materials and methods. We analyzed the expression of 14 microRNAs in histological specimens of 67 patients with ATC. The control groups included 25 patients with benign nodules, 36 patients with follicular adenomas, 32 patients with follicular cancer, and 152 patients with papillary thyroid cancer. For 7 out of 67 ATC patients, we compared microRNA levels in histological and cytological specimens.

Results. Patients with ATC demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in the expression of miR-145, miR-125b and increase in the expression of miR-155 and miR-21 compared to all control groups. We found two reliable diagnostic markers of ATC: relative miR-21 expression (at a cutoff of 14.9, sensitivity was 0.955 and specificity was 0.837) and the miR-21/miR-145 ratio (at a cutoff of 122, sensitivity was 0.955 and specificity was 0.955). The level of miR-21 expression and miR-21/miR-145 ratio in cytological specimens were accurate in all 7 cases (100 %). Conclusion. the level of expression of specific microRNAs can be used as a reliable biomarker for ATC. The consistency between the results obtained in cytological and histological specimens enables the use of stained cytological samples for this analysis.
The topicality of the appeal to the interpretation of a tree-cross mythologeme is caused by the change of the pagan worldview into Christian. The development of ideas about the Christian sign is complex, in one of the approaches to transforming the tree-cross, a part of the overcome ideas about the world as space around the world axis is preserved, i.e. the world tree. The coming era of Christianity inherits this view, and the cross itself appears as a world axis that defines the coordinates of space. The purpose of the article is to show the evolutionary semiotic row, which represents both Christian and pagan symbolism. Initially, the cross appears as a motivated view. Then the terms of the denotative plan appear, devoid of pagan connotations of the tree-cross type. In general, in the evolution of the term continuity is traced, one designation is replaced by another. For some time, the second item copies the functions and forms of the first, replacing it in the subject line. The cross as an object of worship in Christianity replaces the world tree. All new nominations of the cross are associated with the motivation of the world as the center where the altar is installed, which was initially presented in the tradition as a world tree, and then became designated by the cross. The cross, as the main Christian symbol, often appears as made of wood and is identified with the cosmic world tree growing directly into heaven. Research methods which are used in this article are as follows: philological analysis of the text and semiotic analysis of texts. The set of communicatively relevant factors that determine the statement, as well as the situational and contextual relevance of the lexical meaning, are taken into account. In turn, the necessary initial amount of communicatively relevant information is obtained on the basis of linguistic methods. In particular, data from an etymological analysis are involved. The research material was provided by the Old English written monuments accessible to the modern researcher. Texts in other Indo-European languages are occasionally referred; they act as a background showing some parallels
Oedaleus decorus is a widely distributed species over the Eurasian semi-arid territories, from the Atlantic coast to the Pacific one. In many semi-arid territories, O. decorus was and is the important pest. In the south-eastern part of West Siberian Plain, until the 1960s it was not considered a pest.

We compared two sets of data on the acridid distribution in the region: until the 1950s and from the 1960s until 2019. Until the 1960s the species occurred mainly in the southern steppes. Since the 1960s its distribution changed significantly.

Nowadays it occupies almost all local steppes and the southern part of the forest-steppes and was also found on the eastern side of the Ob River. These shifts may be explained by both climatic changes and changes in human activities. During upsurges the densities of O. decorus were often more than 1–2 adults per square meter. It was and is often abundant in the same habitats and in the same periods as the Italian locust (Calliptamus italicus) – one of the most important pest. This means during joint outbreaks these two species can simultaneously damage almost all spectrum of plants.
We have refined our previously suggested scenario of generation of the cosmological baryon asymmetry through an asymmetric capture of baryons and antibaryons by primordial block hole arXiv:2009.04361.

It is found that in the limit of weak interactions of hypothetical heavy baryons with the primeval plasma the effect can be strongly enhanced

and the observed magnitude of the asymmetry can be obtained for a wide range of the model parameters.
Heterochiasmy, a sex-based difference in recombination rate, has been detected in many species of animals and plants. Several hypotheses about evolutionary causes of heterochiasmy were proposed. However, there is a shortage of empirical data. In this paper, we compared recombination related traits in females and males of the barn swallow Hirundo rustica (Linnaeus, 1758), the species under strong sexual selection, with those in the pale martin Riparia diluta (Sharpe and Wyatt, 1893), a related and ecologically similar species with the same karyotype (2N = 78), but without obvious sexual dimorphism. Recombination traits were examined in pachytene chromosome spreads prepared from spermatocytes and oocytes. Synaptonemal complexes and mature recombination nodules were visualized with antibodies to SYCP3 and MLH1 proteins, correspondingly. Recombination rate was significantly higher (p = 0.0001) in barn swallow females (55.6 ± 6.3 recombination nodules per autosomal genome), caused by the higher number of nodules at the macrochromosomes, than in males (49.0 ± 4.5). They also showed more even distribution of recombination nodules along the macrochromosomes. At the same time, in the pale martin, sexual differences in recombination rate and distributions were rather small. We speculate that an elevated recombination rate in the female barn swallows might have evolved as a compensatory reaction to runaway sexual selection in males.
Overgrowth syndromes comprise a group of heterogeneous disorders characterised by excessive growth parameters, often in association with intellectual disability.To identify new causes of human overgrowth, we have been undertaking trio-based exome sequencing studies in overgrowth patients and their unaffected parents.Prioritisation of functionally relevant genes with multiple unique de novo mutations revealed four mutations in protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) regulatory subunit B family genes protein phosphatase 2, regulatory Subunit B', beta (PPP2R5B); protein phosphatase 2, regulatory Subunit B', gamma (PPP2R5C); and protein phosphatase 2, regulatory Subunit B', delta (PPP2R5D).This observation in 3 related genes in 111 individuals with a similar phenotype is greatly in excess of the expected number, as determined from gene-specific de novo mutation rates (P = 1.43 × 10 -10 ).Analysis of exome-sequencing data from a follow-up series of overgrowth probands identified a further pathogenic mutation, bringing the total number of affected individuals to 5. Heterozygotes shared similar phenotypic features including increased height, increased head circumference and intellectual disability.The mutations clustered within a region of nine amino acid residues in the aligned protein sequences (P = 1.6 × 10 -5 ).We mapped the mutations onto the crystal structure of the PP2A holoenzyme complex to predict their molecular and functional consequences.These studies suggest that the mutations may affect substrate binding, thus perturbing the ability of PP2A to dephosphorylate particular protein substrates.
Based on the obtained earlier experimental conductivity graphs at detonation of five different high explosives, an analysis was performed which shows a correlation between the carbon content and the conductivity magnitude. An assumption was put forward that the conductivity in the whole detonation wave is provided by the contact mechanism along conductive carbon nanostructures.
The article examines the issue of the basis and such conditions of pre-contractual liability of a medical organization, such as wrongfulness and guilt.

As a result of the analysis, it is concluded that the guilt and unlawfulness of a medical organization, when it is brought to pre-contractual liability, are supplemented by a condition of bad faith, which may complement guilt or wrongfulness or not be applied at all.

In cases where the norms of the law are violated, an additional characterization of the behavior of a medical organization as unfair is not required.
We consider two basic nuclear reactions: capture of neutrons by protons, n + p → γ + d, and its time-reversed counterpart, photodisintegration of the deuteron, γ + d → n + p.

In both of these cases we assume that the incoming beam of neutrons or photons is 'twisted' by having an azimuthal phase dependence, i.e., it carries an additional angular momentum along its direction of propagation. Taking a low-energy limit of these reactions, we derive relations between corresponding transition amplitudes and cross sections with plane-wave beams and twisted beams.

Implications for experiments with twisted cold neutrons and twisted photon beams are discussed.
The model of cooling calculations was tested on experimental results, obtained in COSY synchrotron, which is equipped with 2 MeV electron cooler, produced by Budker INP.

Results of calculations of high voltage electron cooling process in NICA collider are presented. Also a project of high voltage electron cooling systems for the NICA collider is presented.

Two independent electron cooling systems in the collider are intended to increase luminosity in space charge dominated regime.
By the example of diesel fuel, the combustion of liquid hydrocarbon fuel in a burner device with a forced controlled steam supply is experimentally studied.

Spraying of liquid fuel is provided as a result of its interaction with a high-speed jet of superheated steam, without fuel contact with the atomizer. This method of dispersion has significant technological advantages in the use of substandard liquid fuels. These are associated with the prevention of clogging of the atomizer and fuel supply channels, which improves the performance and reliability of the burner device. The composition of combustion products and the specific heat power are studied in a wide range of changes of the operating parameters of the burner device (steam flow rate and fuel consumption).

The regimes under which high fuel combustion completeness is ensured at low content of harmful emissions in gaseous reaction products have been found.
The program is verified on the analytical Zeldovich-von Neumann-Doering solution for the 1D detonation wave in H2/O2 mixture.

The present paper describes a numerical code for simulation of detonation flows on hybrid computational clusters (CPU/GPU). The code can solve 1D, 2D and 3D unsteady Euler equations for multispecies chemically reacting flows using high-order shock-capturing TVD schemes and a finite-rate chemistry solver. The implementation is based on the OpenMP, MPI and CUDA technologies allowing for both flexibility and computational efficiency of the code.

Some examples of 2D computations are also given.
The Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) is a bony fish from the Latidae family, which is widely distributed in the tropical Indo-West Pacific region. The karyotype of the Asian seabass contains 24 pairs of A chromosomes and a variable number of AT- and GC-rich B chromosomes (Bchrs or Bs). Dot-like shaped and nucleolus-associated AT-rich Bs were microdissected and sequenced earlier.

Here we analyzed DNA fragments from Bs to determine their repeat and gene contents using the Asian seabass genome as a reference. A comparison between the copy number variation among the B-related fragments from whole genome resequencing data of Asian seabass individuals identified similar profiles between those from the South-East Asian/Philippines and Indian region but not the Australian ones. A personalized copy number approach for segmental duplication detection offers a suitable tool for population-level analysis across specimens with low coverage genome sequencing.

Fragments of 75 genes, including an 18S rRNA gene, were found in the Bs; repeats represented 2% of the Bchr assembly. The 18S rDNA of the standard genome and Bs were similar and enriched with fragments of transposable elements. A higher nuclei DNA content in the male gonad and somatic tissue, compared to the female gonad, was demonstrated by flow cytometry. This variation in DNA content could be associated with the intra-individual variation in the number of Bs. Our results suggest that Bs might cause variations in the genome among the individuals and populations of Asian seabass.
We demonstrate that CPT-violation due to $e^+ e^-$ mass difference generates a non-zero photon mass. As a result the cosmological bounds on the photon mass lead to the bounds on $e^+ e^-$ mass difference which are at least by 10 orders of magnitude stronger than the direct experimental bound.
Using the eight time dependences for the decays Upsilon(4S)-> B0 B0bar -> fj fk with the dacay into a flavor-specific state fj = ell+- X before or after the decay into a CP eigenstate fk = c cbar KS,KL, as measured by the BABAR experiment, we determine the three CPT-sensitive parameters Re(z) and Im(z) in B0-B0bar mixing and |Abar/A| in B0 -> c cbar K0 decays. We find Im(z) = 0.010 +- 0.030 +- 0.013, Re(z) = -0.065 +- 0.028 +- 0.014, and |Abar/A| = 0.999 +- 0.023 +- 0.017, in agreement with CPT symmetry.
One of the most difficult tasks in the field of data mining is the development of universal tools for the analysis of texts written in the literary and business styles. A popular path in the development of algorithms for processing text document corpus is the use of machine learning methods that allow one to solve NLP (natural language processing) tasks. The basis for research in the field of natural language processing is to be found in the following factors: the specificity of the structure of literary and business style texts (all of which requires the formation of separate datasets and, in the case of machine learning methods, the additional feature selection) and the lack of complete systems of mass processing of text documents for the Russian language (in relation to the scientific community-in the commercial environment, there are some systems of smaller scale, which are solving highly specialized tasks, for example, the definition of the tonality of the text).

The aim of the current study is to design and further develop the structure of a text document corpus processing system. The design took into account the requirements for large-scale systems: modularity, the ability to scale components, the conditional independence of components. The system we designed is a set of components, each of which is formed and used in the form of Docker-containers. The levels of the system are: the data processing level, the data storage level, the visualization and management of the results of data processing (visualization and management level). At the data processing level, the text documents (for example, news events) are collected (scrapped) and further processed using an ensemble of machine learning methods, each of which is implemented in the system as a separate Airflow-task. The results are placed for storage in a relational database; ElasticSearch is used to increase the speed of data search (more than 1 million units). The visualization of statistics which is obtained as a result of the algorithms is carried out using the Plotly plugin. The administration and the viewing of processed texts are available through a web-interface using the Django framework. The general scheme of the interaction of components is organized on the principle of ETL (extract, transform, load).

Currently the system is used to analyze the corpus of news texts in order to identify information of a destructive nature. In the future, we expect to improve the system and to publish the components in the open repository GitHub for access by the scientific community.
Vaccination is the most simple and reliable approach of protection to virus infections. The most effective agents are live vaccines, usually low-virulence organisms for humans and closely related to pathogenic viruses or attenuated as a result of mutations/deletions in the genome of pathogenic virus. Smallpox vaccination with live vaccinia virus (VACV) closely related to smallpox virus played a key role in the success of the global smallpox eradication program carried out under the World Health Organization auspices. As a result of the WHO decision as of 1980 to stop smallpox vaccination, humankind has lost immunity not only to smallpox, but also to other zoonotic, orthopoxviruscaused human infections. This new situation allows orthopoxviruses to circulate in the human population and, as a consequence, to alter several established concepts of the ecology and range of sensitive hosts for various orthopoxvirus species. Classic VACV-based live vaccine for vaccination against orthopoxvirus infections is out of the question, because it can cause severe side effects. Therefore, the development of new safe vaccines against orthopoxviral infections of humans and animals is an important problem. VACV attenuation by modern approaches carried out by targeted inactivation of certain virus genes and usually leads to a decrease in the effectiveness of VACV in vivo propagation. As a result, it can cause a diminishing of the immune response after administration of attenuated virus to patients at standard doses. The gene for thymidine kinase is frequently used for insertion/inactivation of foreign genes and it causes virus attenuation. In this research, the effect of the introduction of two point mutations into the A34R gene of attenuated strain LIVP-GFP (ТК-), which increase the yield of extracellular enveloped virions (EEV), on the pathogenicity and immunogenicity of VACV LIVP-GFP-A34R administered intranasally to laboratory mice were studied. It was shown that increase in EEV production by recombinant strain VACV LIVP-GFP-A34R does not change the attenuated phenotype characteristic of the parental strain LIVP-GFP, but causes a significantly larger production of VACV-specific antibodies.
Современные методы трансгенеза позволяют проводить сложные модификации геномов животных для различ- ных задач. В биотехнологии создают трансгенных животных с модификациями молока, в том числе с улучшенными антибактериальными свойствами, измененным липидным составом или новыми вкусовыми качествами. Одним из перспективных направлений в этой области можно назвать оверэкспрессию β-галактозидаз – ферментов, разлагающих лактозу, – для удаления лактозы из молока сельскохозяйственных животных. В нашей работе мы исследуем подход с экспрессией трансгалактазилирующего фермента молочнокислой бактерии Lactobacillus delbrueckii. В теории синтез этого фермента в молочной железе мыши должен приводить к исчезновению в молоке лактозы благодаря ее конверсии в галактоолигосахариды. Мы создали две трансгенные линии животных для тестирования этой гипотезы. На первом этапе протестировали различные варианты генетических конструкций, включая сигналы локализации в аппарат Гольджи, и выбрали два варианта гена β-галактозидазы под конститутивным и казеиновым промоторами для получения трансгенных линий мышей методом пронуклеарной микроинъекции. Для каждой из конструкций было получено по четыре трансгенных фаундера. Мы провели предварительный анализ характеристик трансгенных линий (копийность трансгена, экспрессия, наследование трансгена) и собрали молоко от лактирующих самок для дальнейших исследований.
The work is devoted to experimental study of the structure and acoustic radiation of a supersonic underexpanded jet Ma = 1, Npr = 5 with the presence of vortexgenerators in the form of small-sized jets injections. Ten different configurations were tested, in which following the gas-dynamic and geometrical parameters of the microjets were changed one by one: microjets pressure, the injection distance from the main nozzle section, azimuthal, tangential, and axial angles of micronozzles inclination. The flow visualization, azimuthal Pitot pressure profiles and characteristics of jet noise in the far field were obtained. It has been revealed that the injection of microjets in general leads to an increase in the jet long-range and a decrease in its mixing. The advantageous parameters of the microjets injection for reducing the jet acoustic emission are the injection point vicinity to the main nozzle section, micronozzles inclination to main jet axis and the small tangential angle of micronozzles. The micronozzles quantity effect is non-linearly in relation to the structure and the jet noise. The average pressure measuring distribution near artificial longitudinal vortices in a jet stream cannot predict the characteristics of its mixing and acoustic radiation.
Studies of light mesons in experiments with the Belle detector at the KEKB B-factory are described.

Three types of hadron production processes are discussed: two-photon production, production via initial state radiation and hadronic tau lepton decays.
multiplet spin polarization (CIDNP or PHIP, or one created by any other method), which is the mutual entanglement of spins

transferring the multiplet spin polarization into net hyper-polarization with respect to the direction of a high magnetic field by slowly (adiabatically) switching-off a strong external RF-field with a specially selected frequency

The net hyper-polarized molecules can then be used in NMR spectroscopy or imaging for strong signal enhancement