Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
This article provides an overview of the metaanalyzes (PubMed, 19952019) of alcohol and non-alcoholic (coffee, tea, dairy products) beverage consumption in relation to risk of pancreatic cancer PC (PubMed, 19952019).

The increased risk for heavy drinking did not explained by residual confounding by history of pancreatitis or tobacco smoking or diabetes.

Increased the PC risk was associated with high alcohol intake. Light-moderate alcohol intake may reduced the PC risk, probably due to the fasting insulin levels decrement, which leads to the diminished the РС risk. The association between alcohol and the PC was stronger in men than in women. Some metaanalyzes demonstrated that a small amount of coffee may reduce PC risk, and a large amount to increase PC risk. Another meta-analyzes have not confirmed any association between the PC risk and coffee or tea consumption. One meta-analysis revealed a direct association of the PC risk with the dairy products consumption, but most research showed no such connection. Nutrition is considered to be associated with the PC risk, but the degree of risk due to structure of beverages consumption (dose, duration, alcohol, coffee, tea, dairy products pattern) is still not clear.
In this article we discuss applications of neural networks to recognising knots and, in particular, to the unknotting problem. One of motivations for this study is to understand how neural networks work on the example of a problem for which rigorous mathematical algorithms for its solution are known.

We represent knots by rectangular Dynnikov diagrams and apply neural networks to distinguish a given diagram class from the given finite families of topological types. The data presented to the program is generated by applying Dynnikov moves to initial samples.

The significance of using these diagrams and moves is that in this context the problem of determining whether a diagram is unknotted is a finite search of a bounded combinatorial space.
The reaction of diarylketoacetylenes with ethylenediamine (EDA) leads to arylmethylketones and 2-substituted imidazoline derivatives. This transformation involves complete cleavage of the triple bond via initial intermolecular Michael-addition with subsequent intramolecular Michaeladdition.

Final fragmentation can be presented as a retro-Mannich reaction, accompanied by three formal reductive stages (formation of three C-H bonds), while the other carbon undergoes a formal oxidation, in which three C-N bonds (C-N and C=N) are formed.
Rather simple methods to measure the absorbed solar radiation coefficients and IR radiation, as well as optical coefficients measured by these methods for the construction materials of microsatellites and PCB coated with different solder masks are presented.

The thermal model is implemented on the orbital motion and insolation calculating algorithm basis, which developed in Matlab Simulink. A CubeSat 3U type satellite with foldable solar panels is considered as an example.

The calculating results of the satellite's thermal conditions for different PCB solder masks at the satellite outer surface are given.
ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТЫ ПО АМБИПОЛЯРНОМУ УДЕРЖАНИЮ ПЛАЗМЫ В УСТАНОВКЕ ГДЛА.В.Аникеев
The publication contains materials from the three Late Bronze mounds. They are located in close proximity to the railway and highway, which affected the shape of the mounds and stone structures.

Four graves were discovered in the excavation area of mound 2 at the Sagayskaya protoka 7 burial ground. Grave 1 with ceramic vessels and bronze items provided the greatest amount of finds: temple rings, two finger rings, small buttons that adorned the funeral costume as well as an awl and a whetstone. Next to the grave pit, a dog was buried. No human remains were found in graves 2 and 3, but there were grave goods similar to those found in grave 1. Two burial mounds were excavated at Askiz 17. In the center of the kerb of kurgan 2, a disturbed grave 1 was found. Judging by the available remains, it was a burial of an adult with offered meat food and a vessel. Clothes and headwear were decorated with a bronze plaque and buttons. Outside the kerb, there was a stone box in which an infant was buried (grave 2). The grave kit included a vessel, an astragalus of a sheep, a bronze knife and an ornament in the form of a small clasp. The barrow of mound 3 covered two kerbs. Grave 1 was located in the center of kerb 1, it was looted. At the northern wall of kerb 2, the grave was not disturbed. The deceased was accompanied by a vessel and meat food. The grave good kit contained bronze ornaments: a large plaque, 6 rings, 4 signet rings, a bracelet, and buttons.

Both burial grounds are tentatively dated to the 10th -9th centuries BC, which corresponds to the III (Lugavskoe) stage of the Bronze Age in the periodization of archaeological cultures in the Minusinsk Basin.
Isotope effects are one of the most important issues for predicting future reactor operations. Large helical device (LHD) is the presently working largest stellarator/helical device using super conducting helical coils. In LHD, deuterium experiments started in 2017. Extensive studies regarding isotope effects on transport have been carried out.

In this paper, the results of isotope effect studies in LHD are reported. The systematic studies were performed adjusting operational parameters and nondimensional parameters. The role of the turbulence in isotope effects was also found by turbulence measurements and gyrokinetic simulation. Gyro kinetic non-linear simulation shows reduced ion heat flux due to the larger generation of zonal flow in deuterium plasma.

In L mode like normal confinement plasma, where internal and edge transport barriers are not formed, the scaling of global energy confinement time ( τ E ) with operational parameters shows positive mass dependence ( M 0.27 ; where M is effective ion mass) in electron cyclotron heating plasma and no mass dependence ( M 0.0 ) in neutral beam injection heating plasma. The non-negative ion mass dependence is anti-gyro-Bohm scaling. Better accessibility to electron and ion internal transport barrier (ITB) plasma is found in deuterium (D) plasma than in hydrogen (H). Peaked carbon density profile plays a prominent role in reducing ion energy transport in ITB plasma. This is evident only in plasma with deuterium ions. New findings on the mixing and non-mixing states of D and H particle transports are reported. In the mixing state, ion particle diffusivities are higher than electron particle diffusivities and D and H ion density profiles are almost identical. In the non-mixing state, ion particle diffusivity is much lower than electron diffusivity. Deuterium and hydrogen ion profiles are clearly different. Different turbulence structures were found in the mixing and non-mixing states suggesting different turbulence modes play a role.
Potato starch is one of the most important renewable sources for industrial manufacturing of organic compounds. Currently, it is produced from mixed potato varieties that often are harvested from different fields. Meanwhile, tuber starches of various potato breeds differ in their crystallinity, granule morphology, and other physical and chemical parameters.

We studied the reactions of raw potato starches of different origins to chemical and biochemical reactions typically used for industrial starch modification.

The results clearly demonstrate that there is a significant difference in the reactivity of the starches of different potato genotypes. While the main products of the transformations are the same, their preparative yields differ significantly. Thus, tuber starch of certain potato varieties may be more suitable for specific industrial purposes. Starch reactivity may potentially be a phenotypical trait for potato breeding to obtain potato starches for various industrial applications.
This paper considers the axisymmetric problem of condensation at a boiling liquid outflow in a closed region filled with steam.

It has been found that the unsteady condensation is due to the formation of a complex structure of lateral pressure surges, Mach disk, barrel shocks and a wall, on which the pressure exceeds the local saturation pressure.
The aim of this work is to summarize the available data on zoogeographic analysis and fauna of the bats of the Altai-Sayan region.

The obtained data on the distribution of bats in the region made it possible for the first time to carry out a zoogeographic analysis of the chiropterofauna of the Altai-Sayan highland. The cluster analysis by Jaccard coefficient allowed us to distinguish two main chiropterological complexes: Altai-Sayan and Ubsunur.

Altai-Sayan territory is inhabited by 13 bat species of six genera belonging to Vespertilionidae family. In the fauna of the region, the boundary between two chiropterological complexes (Altai-Sayan and Ubsunur) runs through Kurtushibinsk-Usinsk province.
This article attempts to study changes in the microstructure of solid solutions with the perovskite structure La0.5Ca0.5Mn0.5Fe0.5O3 under the action of the methane oxidation reaction medium.

By the methods of XRD, XPS and HRTEM the initial condition of the structure and the surface of the perovskite were both investigated. A feature of the structure of this solid solution is the presence of planar defects in the direction of the planes (101). After the methane oxidation reaction, a similar study of perovskite structure was conducted to obtain the changes. In situ XRD experiments on perovskite calcination in helium current up to 750 °C showed the formation of a similar Ca1−xMnxO phase on the perovskite surface.

It was shown that under the action of the reaction medium, Ca1−xMnxO particles form on the surface of the perovskite phase, while planar defects in La0.5Ca0.5Mn0.5Fe0.5O3 structure remain.
We present the first experimental study of the double-quantum-well (DQW) system made of 2D layers with inverted energy band spectrum: HgTe. The magnetotransport reveals a considerably larger overlap of the conduction and valence subbands than in known HgTe single quantum wells (QW), which may be regulated by an applied gate voltage $V_g$. This large overlap manifests itself in a much higher critical field $B_c$ separating the range above it where the quantum peculiarities shift linearly with $V_g$ and the range below with a complicated behavior. In the latter case the $N$-shaped and double-$N$-shaped structures in the Hall magnetoresistance $\rho_{xy}(B)$ are observed with their scale in field pronouncedly enlarged as compared to the pictures observed in an analogous single QW. The coexisting electrons and holes were found in the whole investigated range of positive and negative $V_g$ as revealed from fits to the low-field $N$-shaped $\rho_{xy}(B)$ and from the Fourier analysis of oscillations in $\rho_{xx}(B)$. A peculiar feature here is that the found electron density $n$ remains almost constant in the whole range of investigated $V_g$ while the hole density $p$ drops down from the value a factor of 6 larger than $n$ at extreme negative $V_g$ to almost zero at extreme positive $V_g$ passing through the charge neutrality point. We show that this difference between $n$ and $p$ stems from an order of magnitude larger density of states for holes in the lateral valence band maxima than for electrons in the conduction band minimum. We interpret the observed reentrant sign-alternating $\rho_{xy}(B)$ between electronic and hole conductivities and its zero resistivity state in the quantum Hall range of fields on the basis of a calculated picture of magnetic levels in a DQW.
Propagation of high-intensity, high-contrast (&lt;10−8), 50 fs laser pulses through triangular copper capillaries is experimentally studied. The relative transmission through 20-mm-long, about 50 μm wide capillaries is directly measured to be 70% for input intensities up to 1017 W/cm2. The copper reflectivity in vacuum, helium, and air is measured in the intensity range of 1010–1017 W/cm2. No reflectivity decrease in vacuum and helium is observed, which leads to the conclusion that copper capillary waveguides can efficiently guide laser pulses of intensities greater than 1019 W/cm2 on the capillary axis (that corresponds to 1017 W/cm2 on the walls). The reduction of the transmission efficiency to zero after a number of transmitted pulses is observed, which is caused by plug formation inside the capillary. The dependence of the capillary lifetime on the pulse energy is measured.
The paper features the correlation between the concepts of mechanism and method of legal regulation in the context of entrepreneurial activity. The authors analyzed opinions of legal scholars on the mechanism and method of legal regulation.

The research was based on the General scientific dialectical method and such private scientific methods as comparative, historical, logical, and modeling. The paper describes separate elements of the mechanism of legal regulation that structure certain public relations.

The mechanism and the method of legal regulation proved to be non-identical concepts. In contrast to the method of legal regulation, which means a set of techniques and methods by which certain social relations are regulated, the mechanism of legal regulation reflects a certain technology of legal regulation. In addition, it ensures the functioning of both the system of law as a whole and its individual branches and institutions. This study can serve as a basis for a further analysis of the mechanism of legal regulation to determine its effectiveness in relation to business regulation.
We search for $CP$ violation in the charged charm meson decay ${D}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$, based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $921\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ collected by the Belle experiment at the KEKB ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ asymmetric-energy collider. The measured $CP$-violating asymmetry is $[+2.31\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.24(\mathrm{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.23(\mathrm{syst})]%$, which is consistent with the standard model prediction and has a significantly improved precision compared to previous results.
A measurement of the rate for the “wrong-sign” decay D0→K+π−π+π− relative to that for the “right-sign” decay D0→K−π+π+π− is presented. Using 791 fb−1 of data collected with the Belle detector, we obtain a branching fraction ratio of Rws=[0.324±0.008(stat)±0.007(sys)]%. Multiplying this ratio by the world average value for the branching fraction B(D0→K−π+π+π−) gives a branching fraction B(D0→K+π−π+π−)=(2.61±0.06−0.08+0.09)×10−4.Received 21 July 2013DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.88.051101© 2013 American Physical Society
The N-glycosylation of immunoglobulin G (IgG) affects its structure and function. It has been demonstrated that IgG N-glycosylation patterns are inherited as complex quantitative traits. Genome-wide association studies identified loci harboring genes encoding enzymes directly involved in protein glycosylation as well as loci likely to be involved in regulation of glycosylation biochemical pathways. Many of these loci could be linked to immune functions and risk of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.

The aim of the present study was to discover and replicate new loci associated with IgG N-glycosylation and to investigate possible pleiotropic effects of these loci onto immune function and the risk of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. We conducted a multivariate genome-wide association analysis of 23 IgG N-glycosylation traits measured in 8090 individuals of European ancestry. The discovery stage was followed up by replication in 3147 people and in silico functional analysis.

Our study increased the total number of replicated loci from 22 to 29. For the discovered loci, we suggest a number of genes potentially involved in the control of IgG N-glycosylation. Among the new loci, two (near RNF168 and TNFRSF13B) were previously implicated in rare immune deficiencies and were associated with levels of circulating immunoglobulins. For one new locus (near AP5B1/OVOL1), we demonstrated a potential pleiotropic effect on the risk of asthma. Our findings underline an important link between IgG N-glycosylation and immune function and provide new clues to understanding their interplay.
Determination of the initial water surface displacement at tsunami source is an essential part for most of tsunami warning systems. Every additional minute is important for safety measures in case of a near field event. We propose to determine initial sea surface displacement at tsunami source by processing only a part of a measured wave profile – time series. The measured wave profile is an input data for initial wave shape determination algorithm. As is established, even a part of wave profile is enough to determine the wave key parameters with an appropriate precision. This paper provides numerical experiments that allow to determine the length of the necessary part of the measured profile. The results will help decreasing total time spent on tsunami forecast.
The paper presents an analysis of the economy and environmental management of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China. The study was done to present the real potential of the area to expand its cooperation with the regions of Siberia. The basis was the materials of the latest investment projects, statistical collections and scientific and applied developments of China. The research identified features of the territorial and climatic conditions, a high level of development of transport infrastructure, high rates of development of industrial production and the service sector and, as a result, an increase in the standard of living. Also in the paper were marked bottlenecks, problems and areas of integration of mutually beneficial cooperation in the current conditions of expansion of Russian-Chinese relations.
Background: The cereal family Poaceae is one of the largest and most diverse angiosperm families. The central component of centromere specification and function is the centromere-specific histone H3 (CENH3). Some cereal species (maize, rice) have one copy of the CENH3 gene, while some (wheat, barley, rye) have two. We applied a homology-based approach to sequenced cereal genomes, in order to finally trace the mutual evolution of the structure of the CENH3 genes and the nearby regions in various tribes. Results: We have established that the syntenic group or the CENH3 locus with the CENH3 gene and the boundaries defined by the Cdpk2 and bZip genes first appeared around 50 Mya in a common ancestor of the subfamilies Bambusoideae, Oryzoideae and Pooideae. This locus came to Pooideae with one copy of CENH3 in the most ancient tribes Nardeae and Meliceae. The βCENH3 gene as a part of the locus appeared in the tribes Stipeae and Brachypodieae around 35-40 Mya. The duplication was accompanied by changes in the exon-intron structure. Purifying selection acts mostly on αCENH3s, while βCENH3s form more heterogeneous structures, in which clade-specific amino acid motifs are present. In barley species, the βCENH3 gene assumed an inverted orientation relative to αCENH3 and the Cdpk2 gene was substituted with Cbp3c. As the evolutionary and breeding processes went on, the locus was growing in size due to an increasing distance between αCENH3 and βCENH3 because of a massive insertion of the main LTR-containing retrotransposon superfamilies, gypsy and copia, without any evolutionary preference on either of them. A comparison of the molecular structure of the locus in the A, B and D subgenomes of the hexaploid wheat T. aestivum showed that invasion by mobile elements and concomitant rearrangements took place in an independent way even in evolutionarily close species. Conclusions: The CENH3 duplication in cereals was accompanied by changes in the exon-intron structure of the βCENH3 paralog, which it was not in other plant taxa. The observed general tendency towards the expansion of the CENH3 locus reveals an amazing diversity of ways in which different species implement the scenario described in this paper.
The mutations in the GJB2 gene (13q12.11, MIM 121011) encoding transmembrane protein connexin 26 (Cx26) account for a significant portion of hereditary hearing loss worldwide. Earlier we found a high prevalence of recessive GJB2 mutations c.516G>C, c.-23+1G>A, c.235delC in indigenous Turkic-speaking Siberian peoples (Tuvinians and Altaians) from the Tyva Republic and Altai Republic (Southern Siberia, Russia) and proposed the founder effect as a cause for their high rates in these populations.

To reconstruct the haplotypes associated with each of these mutations, the genotyping of polymorphic genetic markers both within and flanking the GJB2 gene was performed in 28 unrelated individuals homozygous for c.516G>C (n = 18), c.-23+1G>A (n = 6), or c.235delC (n = 4) as well as in the ethnically matched controls (62 Tuvinians and 55 Altaians) without these mutations.

The common haplotypes specific for mutations c.516G>C, c.-23+1G>A, or c.235delC were revealed implying a single origin of each of these mutations. The age of mutations estimated by the DMLE+ v2.3 software and the single marker method is discussed in relation to ethnic history of Tuvinians and Altaians. The data obtained in this study support a crucial role of the founder effect in the high prevalence of GJB2 mutations c.516G>C, c.-23+1G>A, c.235delC in indigenous populations of Southern Siberia.
We review three laser spectroscopy schemes developed recently for observation of high-contrast enhanced-absorption nonlinear resonances in small alkali-vapor cells.

In our experiments, optical transitions within the cesium D1 line are involved and a probe beam transmission is analyzed. The first spectroscopy method is based on the configuration with two-frequency counter propagating beams, which are linearly polarized in orthogonal directions. The second scheme involves two-frequency counter propagating beams with equal circular polarizations. The third configuration exploits single-frequency counter-propagating beams with linear orthogonal polarizations.

These resonances have good prospects for developing a miniature optical frequency reference. We use these resonances for stabilizing the microwave frequency of a local oscillator. Frequency stability of around 6 × 10^-12 is achieved at 1-s averaging using a 5-mm length cell. This result makes the technique attractive for developing a miniature frequency standard in the microwave range. The possible application is discussed of these resonances in vector atomic magnetometry.
This paper presents results of numerical modeling of a modified design of an optical sensor based on segmented periodic silicon oxynitride (SiON) grating evanescently coupled with silicon wire. This segmented grating works as a leaky waveguide, which filters input power from a broadband optical source and radiates it as an outcoming optical beam with both a small wavelength band and a small beam divergence. The radiation angle strongly depends on the refractive index of the grating environment and provides sensor interrogation by measuring the far field pattern in the focal plane of the lens, which is placed near the sensor element. The device concept was verified by direct numerical modeling through the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method and provided moderate intrinsic limit of detection (iLOD) ~ 0.004 RIU with a possible iLOD ~ 0.001 RIU for 10 mm-long structures.