Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Catalepsy or pronounced freezing is a natural passive defense strategy in animals and a syndrome of some mental disorders in human. Hereditary catalepsy was shown to be associated with depressive‐like features in rats and mice. The loci underlying the difference in predisposition to catalepsy between catalepsy‐prone CBA/lacJ and catalepsy‐resistant AKR/J mice were mapped using congenic line and selective breeding approaches. Three congenic mouse lines (AKR.CBA‐D13Mit76C, AKR.CBA‐D13Mit76A and AKR.CBA‐D13Mit78) carrying the 59‐ to 70‐, 61‐ to 70‐ and 71‐ to 75‐c m fragments of chromosome 13 transferred from the CBA to the AKR genome were created by nine successive backcrossing of (CBA × AKR)F 1 on AKR strain. Because catalepsy was found only in the AKR.CBA‐D13Mit76C and AKR.CBA‐D13Mit76A mice, the major gene of catalepsy was mapped on the fragment of 61–70 c m . Selective breeding of the (CBA × (CBA × AKR))BC backcross generation for high predisposition to catalepsy showed numerous genome‐wide distributed CBA‐derived alleles as well as the AKR‐derived alleles mapped on chromosome 17 and on the proximal parts of chromosomes 10 and 19 that increased the cataleptogenic effect of the major gene.
Using direct J/ψ decays the ratio of the electron and muon widths of the J/ψ meson was measured with the KEDR experiment at the VEPP-4M electron-positron collider.The resultis in good agreement with lepton universality.Experience collected during this analysis will be used for J/ψ lepton width determination with 1% accuracy.
This study reviews the modern knowledge about the electronic properties of oxygen vacancies in the hafnia. Hafnia is a key dielectric for use in the modern electronics. Oxygen vacancies in the hafnia largely determine its electronic properties. It is shown that electronic transitions to states, localized on the oxygen vacancies, determine the optical properties. The oxygen vacancies act as traps in the charge transport via hafnia films. It is demonstrated that the hafnium oxide conductivity is limited by phonon assisted tunneling between traps that are the oxygen vacancies.
Antisense transcription is an important mechanism of gene expression regulation. Antisense RNAs play a role in mRNA processing, translation and epigenetic modifications of DNA and histones in the locus of their origin, leading to gene silencing. HTT is a widely expressed gene, the mutation of which causes Huntington’s disease. The product of the gene plays an important role in many cell processes, such as intracellular trafficking, cell division, autophagy, and others. An antisense transcription has been found at the HTT 5’-region. The HTT-AS gene has been reported to affect HTT expression in a Dicer-dependent manner.

In this study, we analyzed extensive data from RNA-seq experiments for antisense transcription at the HTT locus.

Antisense transcripts corresponding to the HTT-AS gene were not found. However, we revealed a number of antisense transcripts in different parts of the locus that may take part in the regulation and functioning of the HTT gene.
Small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMC) and B-chromosomes represent a heterogeneous collection of chromosomes added to the typical karyotype, and which are both small in size. They may consist of heterochromatic and/or euchromatic material. Also a predominance of maternal transmission was reported for both groups. Even though sSMC and B-chromosomes show some similarity it is still an open question if B-chromosomes are present among the heterogeneous group of sSMC. According to current theories, sSMC would need drive, drift or beneficial effects to increase in frequency in order to become B chromosome. However, up to now no B-chromosomes were described in human.

Here we provide first evidence and discuss, that among sSMC B-chromosomes might be hidden. We present two potential candidates which may already be, or may in future evolve into B chromosomes in human: (i) sSMC cases where the marker is stainable only by DNA derived from itself; and (ii) acrocentric-derived inverted duplication sSMC without associated clinical phenotype. Here we report on the second sSMC stainable exclusively by its own DNA and show that for acrocentric derived sSMC 3.9× more are familial cases than reported for other sSMC.

The majority of sSMC are not to be considered as B-chromosomes. Nonetheless, a minority of sSMC show similarities to B-chromosomes. Further studies are necessary to come to final conclusions for that problem.
ABSTRACT The draft genome sequence of Aeribacillus pallidus strain 8m3, a thermophilic aerobic oil-oxidizing bacterium isolated from production water from the Dagang high-temperature oil field, China, is presented here. The genome is annotated to provide insights into the genomic and phenotypic diversity of the genus Aeribacillus .
This article initiates research on the representation of Russia in French comic books. From 1849 to the present about 400 volumes have been published. In this paper, the notion “comics about Russia” include: a) a book of comics in which the action takes place either in the tsarist Russia, the USSR or contemporary Russia, b) a book in which a character or a place of the above period are involved. After an overview of the types of books and genres of comics about Russia (documentary, historical, adventure, science fiction, comical, as well as literary adaptations), an analysis of the visual aspect of comic books, mainly the covers, is given. Such recurring elements as snow, red color, five-pointed star, trains, blood, weapons, beautiful girls, ugly old ladies, and old cars are considered. We discuss the reasons for the practical absence of such stereotypes as black caviar, bears and some others. Then we analyze the role of the Russian language in the realization of the image of Russia, on the example of borrowed words, toponyms, anthroponyms, and utterances. Сyrillic, transliterated text and insertion of certain letters from Cyrillic into Latin are examined, as well as the presence or absence of translation and its correctness. The author underlines cases in which nonexistent toponyms, names and surnames, remotely resembling Russian words, are used. The question is whether such errors are accidental or indicate the authors' evident lack of interest in the adequate depiction of the reality. At the end of the paper the author proposes a frame for the analysis of any comic book about Russia. Apart from the mentioned above, this frame takes into account such aspects as characteristics of the "Russian" personages and their actions. Hopefully, the frame will make it possible to observe the evolution of the image of Russia, the link between stereotypes and the type of comic book as well as to compare the same image in French mass-media, literature, and movies. In the future we would like to find out whether the use of these stereotypes comes from the authors' insufficient knowledge of the Russian reality, or from their intention to create and reinforce the existing stereotypical image of this country.
The evolution of three-dimensional waves into thermocapillary-wave structures, rivulets deflection, heat transfer enhancement and rupture vertically falling water film at heating were studied.

Characteristics of the film flow were determined experimentally using simultaneous measurements of thickness and temperature fields on the falling heated liquid film surface (LIF and IR scanner). The amplitudes and velocities of waves, amplitudes of rivulet deflection, temperature fluctuations on the film surface, frequency spectra and pulsation energies were determined. Several different types of instability were registered on the surface of the heated fluid film: 3D hydrodynamic and thermocapillary A, B and C instabilities.

The thermocapillary structures of type A arise in the residual layer behind the front of the wave, leading to an increase in the amplitude of the waves and rivulets deflection amplitudes. It is shown that the heat flux of rupture increases and intensity of heat transfer enhances due to an increase in the surface waves and rivulet deflection amplitudes.
Validation of the previously proposed implicit criterion of fracture propagation was carried out. The implicit criterion at each step of the propagation considers the rock stress state both before and after the propagation. It is based on the assumption that the fracture tends to propagate in the direction where II and III modes of stress intensity factor (SIF) are zero. Since in most cases both conditions cannot be satisfied simultaneously, the values of the SIF modes II and III are combined in one function and are integrated along the whole front. A few possible propagation directions are considered at each step of the propagation and the one is chosen to provide the minimum of the integral. The criterion parameters was chosen using the comparison with experiment results and semi analytical formulas obtained from three point bend test with twisted fracture.
A possible effect of direct CP violation in $D\to K^{0}_{S}\pi^{+}\pi^{-}$ decay on the γ measurement from B ±→DK ±, $D\to K^{0}_{S}\pi^{+}\pi^{-}$ Dalitz plot analysis is considered. Systematic uncertainty of γ coming from the current limits on direct CP violation in $D\to K^{0}_{S}\pi ^{+}\pi^{-}$ is estimated, and a modified model-independent procedure of B ±→DK ±, $D\to K^{0}_{S}\pi^{+}\pi^{-}$ Dalitz plot analysis is proposed that gives an unbiased γ measurement even in presence of direct CP violation in charm decays. The technique is applicable to other three-body D decays such as $D^{0}\to K_{S}^{0}K^{+}K^{-}$ , D 0→π + π − π 0, etc.
The Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) is a bony fish from the Latidae family, which is widely distributed in the tropical Indo-West Pacific region. The karyotype of the Asian seabass contains 24 pairs of A chromosomes and a variable number of AT- and GC-rich B chromosomes (Bchrs or Bs). Dot-like shaped and nucleolus-associated AT-rich Bs were microdissected and sequenced earlier. Here we analyzed DNA fragments from Bs to determine their repeat and gene contents using the Asian seabass genome as a reference. Fragments of 75 genes, including an 18S rRNA gene, were found in the Bs; repeats represented 2% of the Bchr assembly. The 18S rDNA of the standard genome and Bs were similar and enriched with fragments of transposable elements. A higher nuclei DNA content in the male gonad and somatic tissue, compared to the female gonad, was demonstrated by flow cytometry. This variation in DNA content could be associated with the intra-individual variation in the number of Bs. A comparison between the copy number variation among the B-related fragments from whole genome resequencing data of Asian seabass individuals identified similar profiles between those from the South-East Asian/Philippines and Indian region but not the Australian ones. Our results suggest that Bs might cause variations in the genome among the individuals and populations of Asian seabass. A personalized copy number approach for segmental duplication detection offers a suitable tool for population-level analysis across specimens with low coverage genome sequencing.
Subtractive hybridization was used to study river lamprey (Lampetra fluviatilis) leukocyte-specific cDNA.

A clone representing the most abundant component (12%) of the leukocyte library subtracted with liver cDNA was isolated and characterized. The cDNA encodes a presumably secreted polypeptide of 101 residues. The 3′ untranslated region of the cDNA contains motifs characteristic of the transiently expressing genes. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence with known protein sequences revealed its homology to the members of the chemokine superfamily. Designated as LFCA-1, the lamprey protein contains four conserved cysteines, of which the first two are separated by a residue, and a number of other CXC family characteristic residues. LFCA-1 has the highest similarity to the chicken EMF-1 (40%) and to the mammalian IL-8 (32–33%). However, it lacks the ELR motif essential for the function of the mammalian IL-8-related chemokines.

Based on the phylogenetic analysis of the LFCA-1 relationship to the higher vertebrate chemokines, it is concluded that the evolutionary origin of the chemokine superfamily is ancient, and that the divergence of the CXC and CC families most likely occurred at the time or before the first vertebrates emerged.
In accordance with the classical one-dimensional detonation theory, the lower adiabatic branch of the energy release of the combustible mixture as the geometric locus of the final state points of the system also allows solution for combustion waves whose propagation velocity lies in the range from zero to deflagration speed. The velocity of the normal burning wave falls within this range, but the calculation is traditionally conducted with the help of the thermal theory of combustion (not within the framework of the theory of detonation). In this paper the conservation laws of the detonation theory were used for choice of a point of the final state for a normal flame. The analysis was carried out and estimates were given showing both the degree of compliance of the estimated and experimental values of flame velocities, and the degree of compliance of the qualitative behavior of these dependences on the main parameters of the mixture
Using analytical arguments and computer simulations we show that the dependence of the hopping carrier mobility on the electric field $\mu(F)/\mu(0)$ in a system of random sites is determined by the localization length $a$, and not by the concentration of sites $N$. This result is in drastic contrast to what is usually assumed in the literature for a theoretical description of experimental data and for device modeling, where $N^{-1/3}$ is considered as the decisive length scale for $\mu(F)$. We show that although the limiting value $\mu(F \rightarrow 0)$ is determined by the ratio $N^{-1/3}/a$, the dependence $\mu(F)/\mu(0)$ is sensitive to the magnitude of $a$, and not to $N^{-1/3}$. Furthermore, our numerical and analytical results prove that the effective temperature responsible for the combined effect of the electric field $F$ and the real temperature $T$ on the hopping transport via spatially random sites can contain the electric field only in the combination $eFa$.
Radioactive isotopes such as 7 Be, 210 Pb and 137 Cs are used as indicators of processes associated with the transfer of matter from the atmosphere.There are no widely known data on studies of the joint seasonal atmospheric flux of 7 Be and 210 Pbatm, based on the study of integrated snow samples accumulated in winter periods in territory of Western Siberia.Study of snow cover can provide information on the total flux of 7 Be and 210 Pb to the Earth's surface over the entire period of snow accumulation without separation of the dry or wet components.The purpose of this study is to conduct a comparative analysis of 7 Be, 210 Pb and 137 Cs deposition as a part of the atmospheric precipitation in the Arctic and south regions of Western Siberia in winter period.As a result of the research, data on the joint deposition of 7 Be, 210 Pb and 137 Cs in integral snow samples, including atmospheric precipitation, dust, and aerosols, in the Arctic (for 7 months) and southern (for 5 months) regions of Western Siberia were firstly obtained.A comparative analysis of the data shows that, despite the difference in geographic location, the concentration of 7 Be in the snow water of the Arctic (248.0 mBq L -1 ) and south (265.4 mBq L -1 ) regions is almost equal.At the same time, the specific activity of 210 Pb in the suspended matter of snow waters sampled in the southern region is 1.6 times higher, which may indicate a much higher level of dust material intake in winter.
The article discusses the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic response that has engulfed most countries, highlights and analyses the response strategies adopted by governments.

Using the example of the United States, Russia, Great Britain, Spain, Italy, Germany, Japan and China, the authors have analysed the adopted restrictive regimes, models of enforcement to comply with them, schemes and tools to support the economy. According to open sources, the authors estimated the duration and severity of the restrictive regimes for economic and social activity, the severity of punishments for violations of restrictive regimes, the scale of assistance to the population and business, and compliance with restrictive regimes. The authors used the index of ethnic fractionalization to characterize the homogeneity of society.

The article confirms that more collectivist, long-term and less masculine cultures tend to strictly comply with restrictive regimes, but the penalties imposed in countries with such a cultural code have been more severe. The analysis showed that in countries with a more individualized and masculine culture, large packages of support for the population and business were allocated with a moderate severity of punishment for non-compliance with restrictions. In these countries, the tension and discontent of the population, which had accumulated during the period of the restrictive regimes, became more pronounced. The results obtained give grounds to assert that 'soft' factors play an important role in shaping the policy of responding to the threat of a pandemic; the strategies chosen by countries in an explicit or implicit form reflect national, cultural and institutional characteristics.
The influence of crystallization differentiation on the compositional changes in melt of the mushroom-shaped plume head has been clarified. According to our calculations, crystallization differentiation produces residual melt composition approaching the composition of the normal granites.
Earlier, it was found that the reaction of para ‐mentha‐6,8‐diene‐2,3‐diol with 2,4,5‐trimethoxybenzaldehyde in the presence of Montmorillonite K 10 clay led to the formation of a compound with an unusual epoxychromene framework among other products.

In the current work, systematic studies of the effect of the number and position of MeO groups in the aromatic ring of the aldehyde on the reaction route were performed to reveal the structural parameters, which favor the formation of compounds with an epoxychromene framework.

Compounds with an epoxychromene framework were shown to be formed if the benzaldehyde contained MeO substituents in o ‐ and p ‐position. The highest yield was achieved in the case of 2,4,5‐trimethoxybenzaldehyde.
In this research we estimated the contribution of a major-gene effect to the control of litter size in hybrids between two local populations of the house musk shrew ( Suncus murinus ).

Segregation analysis was performed on the basis of a mixed polygene and major-gene model. The model presumes that two parental populations may differ from each other in gene frequencies and in the values of polygenic effects but not in the major-gene contribution of the trait. Moreover, the peculiarity of the trait – litter size – is taken into account. This trait is not an individual attribute. It characterizes the parental couple and may depend on the genotypes of both parents.

Results of segregation analysis of a large hybrid pedigree of Suncus murinus indicate that the parental populations differ in the allele frequency of the major gene (one population is homozygous, while the other contains the two alleles in approximately equal proportions) and in the values of average polygenic effects. Both major-gene and polygenic components are necessary for the correct description of litter size inheritance in interracial hybrids of S. murinus , inasmuch as the exclusion of either of them leads to a significant drop in likelihood. The Elston–Stewart criterion also confirms the Mendelian inheritance of the major gene.
The Cover Feature shows that nature and crystal structure of the two-dimensional PbII iodoacetate complex {Pb(ICH3COO)2}n featuring non-covalent I···I and Pb···I contacts can be mysterious and bewitching like the corals of the Great Barrier Reef. It was shown that, although there are I···I contacts in its structure, those non-covalent interactions cannot be regarded as “true halogen bonding”. Moreover, although it could be expected that the lone pair of PbII interacts with the σ-hole of iodine, an alternative situation is observed (Pb2+ acts as electrophilic center). More information can be found in the Communication by S. A. Adonin et al.
We perform Direct numerical simulations of the flow over a cylinder to study the influence of the thermal boundary conditions on the Nusselt number distribution. The results show very good agreement with some data from the literature. The total Nusselt number for the constant heat flux (CHF) boundary condition is higher for some 15% than for the constant wall temperature (CWT) condition for both Re < 200 and 1000.
The Asian arowana (Scleropages formosus), one of the world's most expensive cultivated ornamental fishes, is an endangered species. It represents an ancient lineage of teleosts: the Osteoglossomorpha.

Here, we provide a high-quality chromosome-level reference genome of a female golden-variety arowana using a combination of deep shotgun sequencing and high-resolution linkage mapping. In addition, we have also generated two draft genome assemblies for the red and green varieties. Phylogenomic analysis supports a sister group relationship between Osteoglossomorpha (bonytongues) and Elopomorpha (eels and relatives), with the two clades together forming a sister group of Clupeocephala which includes all the remaining teleosts.

The arowana genome retains the full complement of eight Hox clusters unlike the African butterfly fish (Pantodon buchholzi), another bonytongue fish, which possess only five Hox clusters. Differential gene expression among three varieties provides insights into the genetic basis of colour variation. A potential heterogametic sex chromosome is identified in the female arowana karyotype, suggesting that the sex is determined by a ZW/ZZ sex chromosomal system. The high-quality reference genome of the golden arowana and the draft assemblies of the red and green varieties are valuable resources for understanding the biology, adaptation and behaviour of Asian arowanas.
We consider some problems of partitioning a finite set of N points in d-dimension Euclidean space into two clusters

balancing the value of (1) the quadratic variance normalized by a cluster size, (2) the quadratic variance, and (3) the size-weighted quadratic variance

We have proved the NP-completeness of all these problems
Functionally related genes involved in the same molecular-genetic, biochemical or physiological process are often regulated coordinately. Such regulation is provided by precisely organized binding of a multiplicity of special proteins [transcription factors (TFs)] to their target sites (cis-elements) in regulatory regions of genes. Cis-element combinations provide a structural basis for the generation of unique patterns of gene expression.

Here we present a new approach for defining promoter models based on the composition of TF binding sites and their pairs. We utilize a multicomponent fitness function for selection of the promoter model that fits best to the observed gene expression profile. We demonstrate examples of successful application of the fitness function with the help of a genetic algorithm for the analysis of functionally related or co-expressed genes as well as testing on simulated and permutated data.

The CMA program is freely available for non-commercial users. URL . It is also a part of the commercial system ExPlain™ () designed for causal analysis of gene expression data.