Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia 2Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russia BACKGROUND: Adipose tissue (AT) dysfunction plays an important role in metabolic disorders in obesity and type 2 diabetes. The role of distribution, hypertrophy and vascularization of AT in adipokine secretion disturbances remain to be clarified. AIMS: To determine the relationships between serum concentrations of adipokines and the mass and distribution of AT, diameter of adipocytes and vascularization of subcutaneous AT in patients with type 2 diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 125 patients were examined, including 82 subjects with obesity. Thirty persons without diabetes and obesity, matched by sex and age, were acted as control. Concentrations of leptin, resistin, visfatin, adipsin and adiponectin in fasting serum were determined using multiplex analysis. Mass and distribution of AT was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Samples of SAT were obtained from umbilical region using a knife biopsy in 25 patients and in 15 individuals who died in accidents. Blood and lymphatic vessels in SAT were revealed with immunohistochemistry, using antibody to CD-34 and podoplanin respectively. The volume and numerical density, ultrastructure of blood and lymphatic vessels, and mean diameter of subcutaneous adipocytes were evaluated. RESULTS: Patients with diabetes, as compared to control, had significantly higher levels of leptin, resistin, adipsin and visfatin (all p0.001). Adiponectin showed no differences. Concentrations of leptin, resistin, visfatin, adipsin and adiponectin correlated positively with gynoid fat mass. Additionally, leptin and adipsinshowed positive correlations with truncal and central abdominal fat mass. Concentration of leptin, but not other adipokines, was associated with hypertrophy of subcutaneous adipocytes. A decrease in volumetric density of microvessels(р=0.01) and increase in volume and numerical density of lymphatic vessels (both р=0.02) was observed in subcutaneous AT from diabetic subjects. The swelling of cytoplasm, mitochondria, cisterns of granular endoplasmic reticulum and reduced content of micropinocytotic vesicles was revealed in lymphatic capillaries. Resistin and visfatin showed inverse associations with density of microvessels. CONCLUSION: Endocrine dysfunction of AT in patients with type 2 diabetes, manifested by elevation of serum concentrations of leptin, resistin, visfatin and adipsin, is associated with mass and distribution of AT, hypertrophy of subcutaneous adipocytes and vascularization abnormalities of subcutaneous AT.
Whereas this kind of simulation models has been developed for the EU and USA markets by foreign researchers, for the Russian market they have not been made yet.

The article investigates the free electricity market via agent-based modeling. The aim is to create a simple and quite plausible simulation model of the market, where suppliers and buyers, participating in the bilateral auction, learn to submit the most profitable bids. The suggested theoretical agent-based model of interaction in the day-ahead market uses Erev and Roth learning algorithm and allows us to calculate and analyze equilibrium price, volume, social welfare and its distribution between buyers and sellers of electricity.

The modeling demonstrates that it is possible to lower prices and redistribute social welfare in favor of buyers, provided that the learning agents can submit any bids.
Aim : to evaluate the impact of tissue-engineered structures (TES) transplantation based on mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) sheets in myocardial infarction on the activation of the epicardial cell pool and vascularization of the damaged zone. Materials and methods . Mesenchymal stromal cells were obtained from samples of subcutaneous fat of Wistar rats and C57Bl/6 mice. Tissue engineering structures were obtained by culturing cell sheets on thermosensitive plates (Nunc Dishes with UpCell Surface). Transplantation of TESs was performed after myocardial infarction modeling in rats by ligation of the anterior descending coronary artery. Transplant cells and damaged zones were assessed using immunofluorescent staining of myocardial cryosections. The impact of MSC secretion products on the migration activity of epicardial cells in vitro was evaluated using the explant culture method. Results . MSCs in TESs after transplantation remain viable and induce activation of the epicardial cell pool and local increase of the damaged zone vascularization. The in vitro experiments showed that the conditioned environment of MSCs stimulates the migratory activity of epicardial cells and initiates the formation of activated Wt1/POD1 precursor cells. Conclusion . TES transplantation on the basis of MSC sheets seems to be a promising approach for effective delivery of viable cells into myocardium to activate the epicardial cellular niche and reparative angiogenesis.
Experimental modeling of the formation of graphite and diamond as a result of carbide–fluid interactions was performed in the Fe3C–SiO2–Al2O3–(Mg,Ca)CO3 systems at 6.3 and 7.5 GPa and 1100–1650 °C.

In the experiments with ƒO2-gradient (7.5 GPa, 1250–1350 °C), graphite + magnesiowüstite + garnet ± cohenite assemblage was formed. Graphite was produced through the redox interactions of carbide with carbonate or CO2 (reducing conditions), and redox reactions of magnesiowüstite and CO2 (oxidizing conditions). At 1450–1650 °C, crystallization of graphite, garnet, magnesiowüstite and ferrospinel, as well as generation of Fe2+,3+-rich carbonate–silicate melt occurred. This melt, saturated with carbon, acted as a medium of graphite crystallization and diamond growth on seeds. In the experiments without ƒO2-gradient (6.3 GPa), decarbonation reactions with the formation of CO2-fluid and Fe,Mg,Ca-silicates, as well as C0-producing redox reactions of CO2-fluid with cohenite were simultaneously realized.

As a result, graphite (± diamond growth) was formed in assemblage with Fe2+,Fe3+,Mg-silicates and magnetite (1100–1200 °C), or with Fe3+-rich garnet and orthopyroxene (1300–1500 °C). It has been established that a potential mechanism for the crystallization of graphite or diamond growth is the oxidation of cohenite by CO2-fluid to FeO and Fe3O4, accompanied by the extraction of carbon from Fe3C and the corresponding reduction of CO2 to C0.
Blood pressure (BP) is a known risk factor for overall mortality and cardiovascular (CV)-specific fatal and nonfatal outcomes. It is uncertain which BP index is most strongly associated with these outcomes.

Longitudinal population-based cohort study of 11 135 adults from Europe, Asia, and South America with baseline observations collected from May 1988 to May 2010. Blood pressure measured by an observer or an automated office machine; measured for 24 hours, during the day or the night; and the dipping ratio. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) expressed the risk of death or a CV event associated with BP increments of 20/10 mm Hg.

In this population-based cohort study, higher 24-hour and nighttime blood pressure measurements were significantly associated with greater risks of death and a composite CV outcome, even after adjusting for other office-based or ambulatory blood pressure measurements. Thus, 24-hour and nighttime blood pressure may be considered optimal measurements for estimating CV risk, although statistically, model improvement compared with other blood pressure indexes was small.
Received 10 March 2021DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.103.079901Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.Published by the American Physical SocietyPhysics Subject Headings (PhySH)Research AreasElectroweak radiative correctionsFlavor changing neutral currentsForm factorsParticle interactionsW & Z bosonsParticles & Fields
We suggest a scenario of spontaneous (or dynamical) C and CP violation according to which it is possible to generate domains of matter and antimatter separated by cosmologically large distances. Such C(CP) violation existed only in the early universe and later it disappeared with the only trace of generated matter and antimatter domains. So this scenario does not suffer from the problem of domain walls. According to this scenario the width of the domain wall should grow exponentially to prevent annihilation at the domain boundaries. Though there is a classical result obtained by Basu and Vilenkin that the width of the wall tends to the one of the stationary solution (constant physical width). That is why we considered thick domain walls in a de Sitter universe following paper by Basu and Vilenkin. However, we were interested not only in stationary solutions found therein, but also investigated the general case of domain wall evolution with time. When the wall thickness parameter, δ0 , is smaller than where H is the Hubble parameter in de Sitter space-time, then the stationary solutions exist, and initial field configurations tend with time to the stationary ones. However, there are no stationary solutions for We have calculated numerically the rate of the wall expansion in this case and have found that the width of the wall grows exponentially fast for An explanation for the critical value is also proposed.
DNA glycosylases are enzymes that initiate the base excision repair pathway, a major biochemical process that protects the genomes of all living organisms from intrinsically and environmentally inflicted damage. Recently, base excision repair inhibition proved to be a viable strategy for the therapy of tumors that have lost alternative repair pathways, such as BRCA-deficient cancers sensitive to poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase inhibition.

However, drugs targeting DNA glycosylases are still in development and so far have not advanced to clinical trials. In this review, we cover the attempts to validate DNA glycosylases as suitable targets for inhibition in the pharmacological treatment of cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, chronic inflammation, bacterial and viral infections.

We discuss the glycosylase inhibitors described so far and survey the advances in the assays for DNA glycosylase reactions that may be used to screen pharmacological libraries for new active compounds.
We study the photogalvanic effect caused by a simultaneous action of circular-polarized interband and linearly-polarized intraband illuminations.It is found that, in such conditions, the steady photocurrent appears.The effect originates from the valley-selective pumping by the circular light, the trigonal asymmetry of the valleys together with the even asymmetry of the linearly-polarized light, that produces a polar in-plane asymmetry of the electron and hole distribution functions, leading to the photocurrent.The approach is based on the solution of the classical kinetic equation for carriers with accounting for the quantum interband excitation.
We review here two approaches to describe hard leptoproduction of transversally polarized rho-meson, based on recent calculation of the gamma*T -> rhoT impact factor up to twist 3 accuracy in the collinear factorization frame, including 2- and 3- particles Fock-states. The first approach uses a model of the unintegrated gluon density (the proton impact factor) which allows a comparison of our predictions with H1 and ZEUS data for the ratios of helicity amplitudes T(gamma*T -> rhoT)/T(gamma*L -> rhoL) and T(gamma*T -> rhoL)/T(gamma*L -> rhoL). In the second approach, we transform the gamma*T -> rhoT impact factor into the impact parameter space. We show that the transformed amplitude factorizes according to conventional dipole picture. We shortly discuss a way to implement the nucleon saturation effects in our approach.
Genetic causes of the global decline in male fertility are among the hot spots of scientific research in reproductive genetics. The most common way to evaluate male fertility in clinical trials is to determine semen quality. Lower semen quality is very often accompanied by subfertility or infertility, occurs in many diseases and can be caused by many factors, including genetic ones. The following forms of lowered semen quality (pathozoospermia) are known: azoospermia, oligozoospermia, asthenozoospermia, teratozoospermia, and some combined forms.

To systematize information about the genetic basis of impaired spermatogenesis, we created a catalog of human genes associated with lowered semen quality (HGAPat) and analyzed their functional characteristics. The catalog comprises data on 126 human genes. Each entry of the catalog describes an association between an allelic variant of the gene and a particular form of lowered semen quality, extracted from the experimental study.

Most genes included into the catalog are located on autosomes and are associated with such pathologies as non-obstructive azoospermia, oligozoospermia or asthenozoospermia. Slightly less than half of the included genes (43%) are expressed in the testes in a tissue-specific manner. Functional annotation of genes from the catalog showed that spermatogenic failure can be associated with mutations in genes that control biological processes essential for spermiogenesis (regulating DNA metabolism, cell division, formation of cellular structures, which provide cell movement) as well as with mutations in genes that control cellular responses to unfavorable conditions (stress factors, including oxidative stress and exposure to toxins).
Nonspecific aortoarteritis (Takayasu's disease) is a systemic inflammatory disease characterized by granulomatous lesions of the aorta and its large branches.

The article describes the clinical manifestations, methods of diagnosis and treatment of this pathology. It also describes a clinical observation that illustrates the delayed diagnosis of the disease in a 47-year-old man, where Takayasu arteritis with lesions of the root, ascending aorta, both common carotid arteries, thoracic and abdominal aorta (type V according to the angiographic classification proposed by Moriwaki R.) manifested a syncopal state, just a few days before the development of a life – threatening complication-aortic dissection of type I according to the DeBakey classification.

From a clinical point of view, it is important that Takayasu's disease does not always develop in young people, women, and Asian origin, and, unfortunately, it is often very late to diagnose, although the effectiveness of therapy, including surgical correction of this disease, is entirely determined by the timeliness of its diagnosis.
The occurrence and development of hydrodynamic perturbations generated by low-frequency vibrations of a local section of a streamlined surface in a separated flow behind a rectangular ledge on a flat plate are investigated in the wind tunnel.

The results were obtained by the hot-wire anemometry method at a low subsonic flow velocity.

It is established that vibrations of the wall generate perturbations of the separation zone, which are streaky structures, and accompanying wave packets of oscillations. The separation of the laminar boundary layer promotes the growth of wave packets with subsequent turbulence of the wall flow.
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia worldwide, with no cure. There is growing interest in mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) as possible pathogenesis-related therapeutic targets in AD. Previously, using senescence-accelerated OXYS rats, which simulate key characteristics of the sporadic AD type, we have shown that prolonged treatment with mitochondria-targeted antioxidant plastoquinonyl-decyltriphenylphosphonium (SkQ1) during active progression of AD-like pathology improves the activity of many signaling pathways (SPs) including the p38 MAPK SP. In this study, we continued to investigate the mechanisms behind anti-AD effects of SkQ1 in OXYS rats and focused on hippocampal extracellular regulated kinases’ (ERK1 and -2) activity alterations. According to high-throughput RNA sequencing results, SkQ1 eliminated differences in the expression of eight out of nine genes involved in the ERK1/2 SP, compared to untreated control (Wistar) rats. Western blotting and immunofluorescent staining revealed that SkQ1 suppressed ERK1/2 activity via reductions in the phosphorylation of kinases ERK1/2, MEK1, and MEK2. SkQ1 decreased hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, which is present in pathological aggregates in AD. Thus, SkQ1 alleviates AD pathology by suppressing MEK1/2-ERK1/2 SP activity in the OXYS rat hippocampus and may be a promising candidate drug for human AD.
Based on the comparative analysis of the existing econometric characteristics, it has been shown that the exponential trend is the best trend describing the energy intensity of an economy in permanent and variable prices.

It is proposed in this work to consider beta convergence for countries not at equal intervals of time but from the moment of the start of reduction for each specific region. In this work, a close relationship is demonstrated for countries between the rate of energy intensity reduction and the initial value of the energy intensity considered.

The presence of the exponential trend in the energy intensity reduction indicates that the rates of enhancing the efficiency of energy consumption reduce uniformly in time. Based on the revealed regularities, forecast of the change in the energy intensity of the economy was made for a long-term perspective till 2040.
In present paper new approach to study heat transfer at spray cooling, based on the using of high-speed infrared thermography with high spatial resolution is proposed. Also in the paper new data on basic spray parameters, including sizes and velocities of droplets at different pressure at the nozzle inlet were obtained with the use of shadow technique and high-speed video camera. It is found, that heat transfer coefficient is unequally spatially distributed value and essentially depends on flow rate in the stationary irrigation mode. The dependence of heat transfer coefficient on a distance between spray source and heat exchange surface is obtained and an optimal distance corresponding to the maximum heat transfer intensity at present configuration of irrigation points relatively to the heating surface is determined.
The plastid and mitochondrial genomes of Vavilovia formosa (Stev.) Fed. were assembled on the base of the data of high-throughput sequencing of DNA isolated from a sample from North Osetia, Russia, using Illumina and PacBio platforms. The long PacBio reads were sufficient for reliable assembling organellar genomes while the short Illumina reads obtained from total DNA were unacceptable for this purpose because of substantial contamination by nuclear sequences. The organellar genomes were circular DNA molecules; the genome of mitochondria was represented by two circular chromosomes.

A phylogenetic analysis on the basis of plastid genomes available in public databases was performed for some representatives of the tribes Fabeae, Trifolieae and Cicereae.

As was expected, the V. formosa branch proved to be sister to the Pisum branch, and the tribe Fabeae was monophyletic. The position of Trifolium L. appeared sensitive to the phylogeny reconstruction method, either clustering with Fabeae or with the genera Medicago L., Trigonella L. and Melilotus Mill., but the internodes between successive divergences were short in all cases, suggesting that the radiation of Trifolium , other Trifolieae and Fabeae was fast, occurring within a small time interval as compared to further evolution of these lineages. The data on the relatedness of the plastid genomes of Trifolium and Fabeae correlate with the similarity of N 2 -fixing symbionts in these legumes represented by Rhizobium leguminosarum biovars trifolii and viciae , while the symbionts of Medicago , Melilotus and Trigonella belong to the Sinorhizobium meliloti and S. medicae species, which are distant from Rhizobium .
There is an urgent need for new drugs to overcome the challenge of the ever-growing drug resistance towards tuberculosis. A new, highly efficient anti-tuberculosis drug, Perchlozone (thioureidoiminomethylpyridinium perchlorate, Pz), is only available in an oral dosage form, though injectable forms and inhalation solutions could be better alternatives, offering higher bioavailability.

To produce such forms, nano- and micro-particles of APIs would need to be prepared as dispersions with carriers. We use this case study to illustrate the principles of selecting solvents and excipients when preparing such formulations. We justify the choice of water-THF (19.1 wt % THF) as solvent and mannitol as carrier to prepare formulations of Pz-a poorly soluble compound-that are suitable for injection or inhalation. The formulations could be prepared by conventional freeze-drying in vials, making the proposed method suitable for industrial scaling.

A similar strategy for selecting the organic solvent and the excipient can be applied to other compounds with low water solubility.
The article presents the experience of converting non-targeted administrative data into research data, using as an example data on the income and property of deputies from local legislative bodies of the Russian Federation for 2019, collected as part of anticorruption operations.

This particular empirical fragment was selected for the pilot study of administrative data, which includes assessing the possibility of integrating scattered fragments of information into a single database, assessing quality of data and their relevance for solving research problems, particularly analysis of high-income strata and the apparent trends towards individualization of private property. The system of indicators for assessing data quality includes their timeliness, availability, interpretability, reliability, comparability, coherence, errors of representation and measurement, and relevance.

In the case of the data set in question, measurement errors are more common than representation errors. Overall the article emphasizes the notion that introducing new non-target data into circulation requires their preliminary testing, while data quality assessment becomes distributed both in time and between different subjects. The transition from created data to «obtained» data shifts the functions of evaluating its quality from the researcher-creator to the researcheruser. And though in this case data quality is in part ensured by the legal support for their production, the transformation of administrative data into research data involves assessing a variety of quality measurements — from availability to uniformity and accuracy.
Schizophrenia pathogenesis is known to be associated with chronic low-grade inflammation. Inflammation can be caused by extracellular histones that are released from cells due to apoptosis dysfunction. It can also be accompanied by the formation of natural catalytic immunoglobulins that bind and hydrolyze histones.

We recruited 50 patients (28 men and 22 women) with a verified diagnosis of paranoid or simple schizophrenia and 25 healthy individuals (13 men and 12 women) in our study. IgG preparations were obtained by affinity chromatography and analyzed by SDS-PAGE and MALDI MS. Catalytic activity of IgGs were revealed by the degree of hydrolysis of five histones using SDS-PAGE. To prove that antibodies exhibit histone-hydrolyzing activity, we used rigorous generally accepted criteria. Statistical analysis was performed in Origin 2019.

We suggest that histone-hydrolyzing antibodies may play a compensatory role in schizophrenia because removal of extracellular histones minimizes the inflammatory responses. Therefore, such IgGs may be the link between inflammation and humoral immunity, and also be a promising biomarker.