Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
We report new measurements of the production cross sections of pairs of charged pions and kaons as a function of their fractional energies using various fractional-energy definitions. Two different fractional-energy definitions were used and compared to the conventional fractional-energy definition reported previously. The new variables aim at either identifying dihadron cross sections in terms of single-hadron fragmentation functions, or to provide a means of characterizing the transverse momentum created in the fragmentation process. The results were obtained applying the updated initial-state radiation correction used in other recent Belle publications on light-hadron production cross sections. In addition, production cross sections of single charged pions, kaons, and protons were also updated using this initial-state radiation correction. The cross sections are obtained from a $558\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ data sample collected at the $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}(4S)$ resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collider.
The application of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) in cancer therapy could be one of the new anticancer strategies. In the current work, we used cold atmospheric plasma jet for the treatment of cultured cells and mice. We showed that CAP induced the death of MX−7 mouse rhabdomyosarcoma cells with the hallmarks of immunogenic cell death (ICD): calreticulin and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) externalization and high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) release. The intensity of HMGB1 release after the CAP treatment correlated directly with the basal extracellular HMGB1 level. Releasing from dying cells, HMGB1 can act as a proinflammatory cytokine. Our in vivo study demonstrated that cold atmospheric plasma induces a short-term two-times increase in serum HMGB1 level only in tumor-bearing mice with no effect in healthy mice. These findings support our hypothesis that CAP-dependent HMGB1 release from dying cancer cells can change the serum HMGB1 level. At the same time, we showed a weak cytokine response to CAP irradiation in healthy mice that can characterize CAP as an immune-safety physical antitumor approach.
This paper presents new data on the structure and the lithological, pedological, paleontological, and paleomagnetic features of the Middle and Upper Quaternary sediments in the Peschanaya River valley, the foothills of northwestern Altai. Those horizons contain a loess-soil sequence and sediments relating to two Middle Pleistocene interglacials. On the basis of palinological characteristics of one of the Middle Pleistocene interglacials, the succession of fl oras during the respective stages is reconstructed. The Middle Pleistocene interglacial fl oras of Western Siberia are compared with that reconstructed on the basis of the Karama site, evidencing marked differences. The fl ora around Karama included broad-leaved taxa that were absent during the Middle Pleistocene interglacials of western Siberia, when apart from modern arboreal taxa, only cold-resistant broad-leaved ones were present (Tilia, Corylus, Ulmus, and Juglans). The Karama fl ora resembles the last western Siberian thermophilic fl ora––Barnaul, which existed during the long climatic warming of the Early Pleistocene, corresponding to the Tiglian in northwestern Europe (2.23–1.59 Ma BP). Since the beginning of the Middle Pleistocene, interglacial fl oras of western Siberia have resembled modern ones. In terms of phytocenotic and palaeoclimatic features, Middle Pleistocene interglacial environments of western Siberia display a sharp contrast with those of Barnаul and Karama.
The paper presents the results of experimental measurements of the emission properties of water plasma in an inductive discharge. The power of the inductive discharge was 600 W at a frequency of 27 MHz and a pressure from 0.25 to 4 mbar. Plasma temperature was estimated from the Balmer hydrogen series using relative intensities method.

It is shown that in this pressure range, the plasma is not in equilibrium and the energy difference between individual excited states increased with distance from the tube axis. The plasma heating time was estimated from the dynamics of the spectral line intensities to be 200 ms.
The reaction of the silver salt Ag[Al{OC(CF3)3}4] (1) with the P2 ligand complex [Cp2Mo2(CO)4(η2-P2)] (2) and the organic ditopic linker trans-1,2-di(pyridine-4-yl)ethene (dpe) results in the formation of four novel organometallic–organic hybrid compounds. Depending on the reaction conditions, the two-dimensional networks [{Cp2Mo2(CO)4(μ4,η1:1:2:2-P2)}(μ,η1:1-C12H10N2)Ag]n[Al{OC(CF3)3}4]n·0.075nCH2Cl2·1.425nC6H6 (3) and [{Cp2Mo2(CO)4(μ3,η2:2:2-P2)}2(μ,η1:1-C12H10N2)3Ag2]n[Al{OC(CF3)3}4]2n·2nC7H8 (4) are accessible. The latter shows a two-dimensional (2D) → 2D interpenetration structure. Furthermore, the formation of a unique three-dimensional polymer [{Cp2Mo2(CO)4(μ4,η1:1:2:2-P2)}(μ,η1:1-C12H10N2)Ag]n[Al{OC(CF3)3}4]n·0.3nCH2Cl2 (5b) together with another 2D polymer [{Cp2Mo2(CO)4(μ4,η1:1:2:2-P2)}(μ,η1:1-C12H10N2)3Ag2]n[Al{OC(CF3)3}4]2n·0.75CH2Cl2·0.5C7H8 (5a) was observed.

In three of these polymers, unprecedented organometallic nodes were realized including one, two, or even four silver cations. All products were characterized by X-ray structural analysis and classified by the structural characteristics in three different network topologies.
Some problems of spontaneous and gravitational baryogenesis are discussed.

Gravity modification due to the curvature-dependent term in gravitational baryogenesis scenario is considered.

It is shown that the interaction of baryonic fields with the curvature scalar leads to strong instability of the gravitational equations of motion and as a result to noticeable distortion of the standard cosmology.
This publication, in honour of Robert Kaptein's 80th birthday, contains contributions from colleagues, many of whom have worked with him, and others who admire his work and have been stimulated by his research. The contributions show current research in biomolecular NMR, spin hyperpolarisation and spin chemistry, including CIDNP (chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarisation), topics to which he has contributed enormously.

His proposal of the radical pair mechanism was the birth of the field of spin chemistry, and the laser CIDNP NMR experiment on a protein was a major breakthrough in hyperpolarisation research. He set milestones for biomolecular NMR by developing computational methods for protein structure determination, including restrained molecular dynamics and 3D NMR methodology. With a lac repressor headpiece, he determined one of the first protein structures determined by NMR.

His studies of the lac repressor provided the first examples of detailed studies of protein nucleic acid complexes by NMR. This deepened our understanding of protein DNA recognition and led to a molecular model for protein sliding along the DNA. Furthermore, he played a leading role in establishing the cluster of NMR large-scale facilities in Europe. This editorial gives an introduction to the publication and is followed by a biography describing his contributions to magnetic resonance.
A detailed analysis of the reflection coefficient of linearly polarized in plane of incidence of a plane monochromatic wave from a three-layer structure is carried out. Solved the reverse problem ellipsometry for a three-layer structure. The existence of two reflection factor invariants for the flat-parallel plate is shown. A set of three observable parameters not previously used is proposed, which allows to restore the material parameters of the layer. Analytical expressions are obtained both for the reflection coefficient and incidence angles for a number of important particular cases, and for the direct calculation of the dielectric constant and layer thickness from the measured values of the observed parameters.
Our review presents several recent studies on the genetic history and signatures of selection in genomes of the native Russian cattle breeds. Most of these works are not easily accessible for the Russian-speaking audience. We describe the origins of appearance of the Russian cattle breeds from the genetics perspective. We point to the links between most of the Russian breeds with the taurine breeds of the European origin and for some Russian breeds with the breeds of the Asian origin.

We describe major phylogenetic clusters of the Russian breeds and point to those that still maintain their unique genetics, meaning that their preservation is a priority. In addition, we review the results of the search for signatures of selection in genomes of the Russian cattle breeds. Some unique signatures of selection present in the genomes of so-called 'turano-mongolian' cattle (i. e. the Yakut cattle) are described which allowed the Yakut cattle to adapt to harsh environments found above the Polar Circle. Signatures of selection which could help other cattle breeds of the Russian origin to adapt to various climatic condition of the Russian Federation are reviewed. The Russian cattle genomes also contain known signatures of selection related to cattle domestication about 8–10 thousand years ago. The most profound ones include genes related to changes of the coat colour. This phenotype in many cases could be related to the distinction of the first domesticated populations and lead to the formation of so-called land races (primitive breeds). Whole-genome association studies of Russian cattle breeds pointed to a novel gene which could be related to the 'white-faced' phenotype and to a gene which is related to body temperature support under the acute cold stress.

The data presented in our review could be used for identification of genetic markers to focus on in future efforts on designing new highly productive cattle breeds adapted to climates of the Russian Federation and other countries with similar climates.
In this work an experimental study of the propagation of shock waves and pressure waves in a granular medium with selective properties was performed.

A composite sorbent based on hollow glass microspheres with a selective-penetrable ability for helium is used as a granular medium. A special experimental setup was prepared using the shock tube principle. The installation includes a high-pressure section and a low-pressure section with a stepwise change in its inner diameter.

Pressure plots were obtained for different tube sections for different media. The time of filling the pipe and the velocity of the pressure wave in the medium are estimated.
An optical structured illumination of 3D object as a light band method for automatic noncontact wear measurement and defects detection of a contact wire network is presented. The experimental device can extract main technological wire parameters like remaining height with RMS value down to 0.15 mm. Also the cross-sectional area of the wire can be measured with RMS area noise value of 1.5 mm 2 , which is sufficient for a confident decision-making related to the automatic wire wears and defects on railways, tram and trolleybus lines, and similar systems of vehicles electro-supply.
Awns are bristle‐like structures, typically extending from the tip end of the lemmas in the florets of cereal species, including such economically important crops as wheat (Triticum aestivum L., T. durum Desf.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), rice (Oryza sativa L.), and rye (Secale cereale L.). The presence of long awns adhered at tip end of glumes is a characteristic feature of “Persian wheat” T. carthlicum Nevski spike. Glume outgrowth of T. carthlicum Nevski spike passes into a long awn, equal in length to the lemma awn. Awned glumes can be formed in T. aestivum and T. aethiopicum wheats, however, such forms are rare. Features of the awned glume development and the genetic determinants of this trait have been little studied. In this paper, we described the features of the development and inheritance of the tetra-awness (awned glume) trait of the bread wheat T. aestivum line CD 1167-8, using classical genetic analysis, molecular genetic mapping, and scanning electron microscopy. It was shown that the trait is inherited as a recessive monogenic. The gene for the awned glume trait of CD 1167-8 was mapped in the long arm of chromosome 5A, using the Illumina Infinium 15K Wheat Array (TraitGenetics GmbH), containing 15,000 SNPs associated with wheat genes. Results of allelism test and molecular-genetic mapping suggest that the gene for awned glumes in bread wheat is a recessive allele of the B1 awn suppressor. This new allele was designated the b1.ag (b1. awned glume). Analysis of the CD 1167-8 inflorescence development, using scanning electron microscopy, showed that awns had grown from the top of the lemmas and glumes simultaneously, and no differences in patterns of their development were found.
Over 35 fur colours have been described in American mink ( Neovison vison ), only six of which have been previously linked to specific genes. Moyle fur colour belongs to a wide group of brownish colours that are highly similar to each other, which complicates selection and breeding procedures.

We performed whole genome sequencing for two American minks with Moyle ( m/m ) and Violet ( a/a m/m /p/p ) phenotypes. We identified two frame-shift mutations in the gene encoding Ras-related protein-38 ( RAB38 ), which regulates the trafficking of tyrosinase-containing vesicles to maturing melanosomes.

The results highlight the role of RAB38 in the biogenesis of melanosomes and melanin and the genetic mechanism contributing to hair colour variety and intensity. These data are also useful for tracking economically valuable fur traits in mink breeding programmes.
For Project X, the Fermilab Main Injector will be required to operate with 3 times higher bunch intensity.

The plan to study the space charge effects at the injection energy with intense bunches will be discussed.
The free-living flatworm Macrostomum mirumnovem is a neopolyploid species whose genome underwent a recent Whole Genome Duplication (WGD). In the result of chromosome fusions of the ancient haploid chromosome set, large metacentric chromosomes were formed. In addition to three pairs of small metacentrics, the current karyotype of M. mirumnovem contains two pairs of large metacentric chromosomes, MMI1 and MMI2.

The generation of microdissected DNA libraries enriched for DNA repeats followed by DNA probe preparation and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) were performed. The DNA probes obtained marked chromosome regions enriched for different DNA repeats in the M. mirumnovem chromosomes. FISH with microdissected DNA probes revealed that some Bs had a distinct DNA content. FISH could paint differently B chromosomes in different worms and even in the same sample.

The results obtained indicate an important role that repetitive DNAs play in genome re-diploidization initiating a rapid differentiation of large chromosome copies. Taking together, karyotype peculiarities (a high level of intraspecific karyotypic diversity associated with chromosome number variation, structural chromosomal rearrangements, and the formation of new regions enriched for DNA repeats) and some phenotypic features of M. mirumnovem make this species a perspective model in the studies of genomic and karyotypic evolution in species passed through a recent WGD event.
8-oxoguanine is one of the most abundant and impactful oxidative DNA lesions. However, the reasons underlying its effects, especially those not directly explained by the altered base pairing ability, are poorly understood. We report the effect of the lesion on the action of EcoRI, a widely used restriction endonuclease. Introduction of 8-oxoguanine inside, or adjacent to, the GAATTC recognition site embedded within the Drew-Dickerson dodecamer sequence notably reduced the EcoRI activity. Solution NMR revealed that 8-oxoguanine in the DNA duplex causes substantial alterations in the sugar-phosphate backbone conformation, inducing a BI→BII transition. Moreover, molecular dynamics of the complex suggested that 8-oxoguanine, although does not disrupt the sequence-specific contacts formed by the enzyme with DNA, shifts the distribution of BI/BII backbone conformers. Based on our data, we propose that the disruption of enzymatic cleavage can be linked with the altered backbone conformation and dynamics in the free oxidized DNA substrate and, possibly, at the protein-DNA interface.
The phase diagrams of Na2CO3 and K2CO3 have been determined with multianvil (MA) and diamond anvil cell (DAC) techniques.

In MA experiments with heating, γ-Na2CO3 is stable up to 12 GPa and above this pressure transforms to P63/mcm-phase. At 26 GPa, Na2CO3-P63/mcm transforms to the new phase with a diffraction pattern similar to that of the theoretically predicted Na2CO3-P21/m. On cold compression in DAC experiments, γ-Na2CO3 is stable up to the maximum pressure reached of 25 GPa. K2CO3 shows a more complex sequence of phase transitions. Unlike γ-Na2CO3, γ-K2CO3 has a narrow stability field. At 3 GPa, K2CO3 presents in the form of the new phase, called K2CO3-III, which transforms into another new phase, K2CO3-IV, above 9 GPa. In the pressure range of 9–15 GPa, another new phase or the mixture of phases III and IV is observed. The diffraction pattern of K2CO3-IV has similarities with that of the theoretically predicted K2CO3-P21/m and most of the diffraction peaks can be indexed with this structure.

Water has a dramatic effect on the phase transitions of K2CO3. Reconstruction of the diffraction pattern of γ-K2CO3 is observed at pressures of 0.5–3.1 GPa if the DAC is loaded on the air.
This study investigated 12-year blood lipid trajectories and whether these trajectories are modified by smoking and lipid lowering treatment in older Russians. To do so, we analysed data on 9,218 Russian West-Siberian Caucasians aged 45–69 years at baseline participating in the international HAPIEE cohort study. Mixed-effect multilevel models were used to estimate individual level lipid trajectories across the baseline and two follow-up examinations (16,445 separate measurements over 12 years). In all age groups, we observed a reduction in serum total cholesterol (TC), LDL-C and non-HDL-C over time even after adjusting for sex, statin treatment, hypertension, diabetes, social factors and mortality (P<0.01). In contrast, serum triglyceride (TG) values increased over time in younger age groups, reached a plateau and decreased in older age groups (> 60 years at baseline). In smokers, TC, LDL-C, non-HDL-C and TG decreased less markedly than in non-smokers, while HDL-C decreased more rapidly while the LDL-C/HDL-C ratio increased. In subjects treated with lipid-lowering drugs, TC, LDL-C and non-HDL-C decreased more markedly and HDL-C less markedly than in untreated subjects while TG and LDL-C/HDL-C remained stable or increased in treatment naïve subjects. We conclude, that in this ageing population we observed marked changes in blood lipids over a 12 year follow up, with decreasing trajectories of TC, LDL-C and non-HDL-C and mixed trajectories of TG. The findings suggest that monitoring of age-related trajectories in blood lipids may improve prediction of CVD risk beyond single measurements.
Single base mutations G→A at position 663 and G→T at position 666 of intron 6 of the human tryptophan oxygenase gene ( TDO2 ) are associated with a variety of psychiatric disorders [Comings, D.E. et al. (1996) Pharmacogenetics 6, 307–318]. Binding of rat liver nuclear extract proteins to synthetic double‐strand oligonucleotides corresponding to three allelic states of the region between 651 bp and 680 bp of human TDO2 intron 6 has been studied by gel shift assay. It has been demonstrated that to each allelic state of the region there corresponds a specific set of proteins that interacts with it. With the aid of computer analysis and using specific anti‐YY‐1 antibodies it has been shown that both mutations damage the YY‐1 transcription factor binding site.
In this survey, we formulate the Gröbner-Shirshov bases theory for associative algebras and Lie algebras. Some new Composition-Diamond lemmas and applications are mentioned.
KEDR detector has the tagging system (TS) to study the gamma-gamma processes. To determine the two-photon invariant mass, the energies of the scattered at small angles electrons and positrons are measured by the magnetic spectrometer embedded into the lattice of the VEPP-4M collider. The energy resolution (scattered electron/positron energy resolution divided by the beam energy) of this spectrometer varies from 0.6% to 0.03% depending on the electron/positron energy. The Compton backscattering of laser radiation on the electron/positron beam is used for the accurate energy scale and resolution calibration of the tagging system. The report covers the design, recent results and current status of the KEDR TS calibration system.
Every year, influenza B viruses (IBVs) contribute to annual illness, and infection can lead to serious respiratory disease among humans. More attention is needed in several areas, such as increasing virulence or pathogenicity of circulating B viruses and developing vaccines against current influenza.

Since preclinical trials of anti-influenza drugs are mainly conducted in mice, we developed an appropriate infection model, using an antigenically-relevant IBV strain, for furtherance of anti-influenza drug testing and influenza vaccine protective efficacy analysis. A Victoria lineage (clade 1A) IBV was serially passaged 17 times in BALB/c mice, and adaptive amino acid substitutions were found in hemagglutinin (HA) (T214I) and neuraminidase (NA) (D432N). By electron microscopy, spherical and elliptical IBV forms were noted. Light microscopy showed that mouse-adapted IBVs caused influenza pneumonia on day 6 post inoculation. We evaluated the illness pathogenicity, viral load, and histopathological features of mouse-adapted IBVs and estimated anti-influenza drugs and vaccine efficiency in vitro and in vivo.

Assessment of an investigational anti-influenza drug (oseltamivir ethoxysuccinate) and an influenza vaccine (Ultrix®, SPBNIIVS, Saint Petersburg, Russia) showed effectiveness against the mouse-adapted influenza B virus.
The Belle-II experiment is expected to collect large data samples at the $\Upsilon(4S)$ and $\Upsilon(5S)$ resonances to study primarily $B$ and $B_s$ mesons. We discuss what other data above the $B\bar{B}$ threshold are of interest.

We propose to perform a high-statistics energy scan from the $B\bar{B}$ threshold up to the highest possible energy, and to collect data at the $\Upsilon(6S)$ and at higher mass states if they are found in the scan.

We emphasize the interest in increasing the maximal energy from 11.24 GeV to 11.5 - 12 GeV in the future. These data are needed for investigation of bottomonium and bottomonium-like states.
The aim of the paper is to study the solvability in the classes of regular solutions of boundary value problems for differential equationsA feature of these equations is that the function φ(t) in them can arbitrarily change the sign on the segment [0, T ], while the function ψ(t) is nonnegative for t ∈ [0, T ].For the problems under consideration, we prove existence and uniqueness theorems.
An inverse problem of the determination of an initial condition in a hyperbolic equation from the lateral Cauchy data is considered. This problem has applications to the thermoacoustic tomography, as well as to linearized coefficient inverse problems of acoustics and electromagnetics.

A new version of the quasi-reversibility method is described. This version requires a new Lipschitz stability estimate, which is obtained via the Carleman estimate.

Numerical results are presented.