Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
We report the observation of the rare charm decay ${D}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, based on $468\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ annihilation data collected at or close to the center-of-mass energy of the $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}(4\mathrm{S})$ resonance with the BABAR detector at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory.

We find the branching fraction in the invariant mass range $0.675<m({e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}})<0.875\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}/{c}^{2}$ of the electron-positron pair to be $\mathcal{B}({D}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}})=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}(4.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1{0}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$, where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic, and the third due to the uncertainty in the branching fraction of the decay ${D}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ used as a normalization mode. The significance of the observation corresponds to 9.7 standard deviations including systematic uncertainties.

This result is consistent with the recently reported ${D}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ branching fraction, measured in the same invariant mass range, and with the value expected in the standard model. In a set of regions of $m({e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}})$, where long-distance effects are potentially small, we determine a 90% confidence level upper limit on the branching fraction $\mathcal{B}({D}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}})<3.1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1{0}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$.
OBJECTIVE Adiponectin, a hormone secreted by adipose tissue, is of particular interest in metabolic syndrome, because it is inversely correlated with obesity and insulin sensitivity. However, it is not known to what extent the genetics of plasma adiponectin and the genetics of obesity and insulin sensitivity are interrelated. We aimed to evaluate the heritability of plasma adiponectin and its genetic correlation with the metabolic syndrome and metabolic syndrome–related traits and the association between these traits and 10 ADIPOQ single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We made use of a family-based population, the Erasmus Rucphen Family study (1,258 women and 967 men). Heritability analysis was performed using a polygenic model. Genetic correlations were estimated using bivariate heritability analyses. Genetic association analysis was performed using a mixed model. RESULTS Plasma adiponectin showed a heritability of 55.1%. Genetic correlations between plasma adiponectin HDL cholesterol and plasma insulin ranged from 15 to 24% but were not significant for fasting glucose, triglycerides, blood pressure, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and C-reactive protein. A significant association with plasma adiponectin was found for ADIPOQ variants rs17300539 and rs182052. A nominally significant association was found with plasma insulin and HOMA-IR and ADIPOQ variant rs17300539 after adjustment for plasma adiponectin. CONCLUSIONS The significant genetic correlation between plasma adiponectin and HDL cholesterol and plasma insulin should be taken into account in the interpretation of genome-wide association studies. Association of ADIPOQ SNPs with plasma adiponectin was replicated, and we showed association between one ADIPOQ SNP and plasma insulin and HOMA-IR.
We consider the decay modes of the heavy $q^\prime\bar{q^\prime}$ bound states originating from Higgs boson exchange between quark -- anti-quark pair. In case of a small coupling between the fourth and lower generation the main decay mode is $q^\prime\bar{q^\prime}$ annihilation. We show that for a vector state the dominant decay modes are Higgs-gamma and Higgs-Z decays, while for a pseudoscalar state the strong two-gluon decay mode dominates. The bound states are very narrow. The ratio of the total width to the binding energy is less than 1% if we are not extremely close to the critical quark mass where the binding energy is very small. The discussed decay modes exist for any fermion-antifermion bound states including heavy leptons and heavy neutrinos if their masses are high enough to form a bound state due to attractive Higgs boson exchange potential.
This paper presents the results of electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction studies of the recovered carbonaceous residue (soot) from the detonation of some high explosives: TNT, a mixture of TNT and RDX (50/50), benzotrifuroxane, and triaminotrinitrobenzene. The use of the same experimental setup allowed a qualitative and quantitative comparison of the detonation products formed under similar conditions. The results clearly show differences in the morphology of graphite-like and diamond inclusions and in the quantitative content of nanodiamonds for the explosives used in this study.
Amorphous silicon (α-Si) film present an inexpensive and promising material for optoelectronic and nanophotonic applications. Its basic optical and optoelectronic properties are known to be improved via phase transition from amorphous to polycrystalline phase. However, so far only a few studies reported on utilization of near-IR radiation for laser-induced crystallization of α-Si providing no information regarding optical properties of the resultant polycrystalline Si films.

The present work demonstrates efficient and gentle single-pass crystallization of α-Si films induced by their direct irradiation with near-IR femtosecond laser pulses coming at sub-MHz repetition rate. Comprehensive analysis of morphology and composition of laser-annealed films by atomic-force microscopy, optical, micro-Raman and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, as well as numerical modeling of optical spectra, confirmed efficient crystallization of α-Si and high-quality of the obtained films.

Moreover, we highlight localized laser-driven crystallization of α-Si as a promising way for optical information encryption, anti-counterfeiting and fabrication of micro-optical elements.
A practical numerical method for the effective solution of the Thomson Problem is proposed. The developed iterative algorithm allows to conduct theoretical researches such as study of the number of asymptotic solutions depending on the particle count. Metastable states of charged point systems on a unit sphere were considered and the probability of falling into the basin of each state was obtained. Founded upon the algorithm and dual lattice representation approach, the framework for rapid construction of capped carbon nanotubes was created.
Objective: to assess the probability of pathogenic effects OF Il-18 (IL18, IL18R1 and IL18RAP) gene polymorphism on the risk of myocardial infarction in patients with stable coronary heart disease.

Materials and methods : the present study was performed with the inclusion of 260 patients with stable coronary heart disease (CHD), residents of the industrial region of Western Siberia. Molecular genetic testing was performed on nine polymorphic sites of il18, IL18R1, IL18RAP genes.

Results: associations of polymorphic sites rs13015714 IL18R1 and rs917997 IL18RAP with risks of myocardial infarction were Determined (OR =1.95 (95% CI =1.06-3.58), p =0.029 and OR =2.01 (95% CI =1.11-3.64), p=0.018). Conclusion: to confirm the role of polymorphism IL18, IL18R1, IL18RAP in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, prospective monitoring of this group of patients is necessary to identify cases of manifestation of clinical signs in persons with adverse prognosis.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the world. Clinical data show that 5-year survival rate of early-stage CRC postoperative patients is around 90%. However, most of CRC patients were diagnosed at advanced stage due to its asymptomatic and poor diagnostic techniques. Early screening is an effective way to reduce the morbidity and mortality. So, it is necessary to develop low-cost, less invasive, high-sensitivity, and high-specificity screening methods for early diagnosis of CRC and its progression.

Erythrocyte membrane FA from 95 patients (56 + 8 years old) with colorectal adenocarcinoma and 28 healthy people (the control group) were measured using an accelerated solvent extraction and analyzed by GC/MS system triple quad Agilent 7000B (USA). Tumors were further classified into early stage (stage I or II, n = 44) and advanced stage (stage III or IV, n = 51) based on TNM classification.

Erythrocyte levels of the fatty acids should be considered as the promising biomarkers for detecting of early stages of CRC and the progression of the disease.
Lipid metabolism disorders underlie the pathogenesis of a number of diseases. Indigenous peoples of Siberia have a specific genetically determined type of metabolism supporting such lipid blood parameters that favor increased consumption (in comparison with Caucasians) of animal products. At the same time, indigenous Siberian ethnic groups are less susceptible to metabolic diseases. The objective of the presented study was to investigate the allele frequencies of lipid metabolism genes in indigenous populations of Siberia to identify the ethnic features of allele frequency distribution for polymorphic variants in genes CETP ( G1264A , rs5882), LPL ( C1791G , rs328) and FTO ( C83401A , rs8050136) in the samples taken from Buryats, Teleuts and Russians of Eastern Siberia, and to compare them with data on world populations. Samples of the Eastern ( N = 132) and Western ( N = 278) Buryats, Teleuts ( N = 120), Russians ( N = 122) and persons of mixed Buryat-Russian origin ( N = 56) were genotyped by real-time PCR using competitive TaqMan-probes. The obtained results have for the first time demonstrated that the CETP and FTO allele frequencies in the Buryat samples are intermediate between European and East Asian populations. Significantly lower incidence of the obesity-assossiated 83401A allele of the FTO gene has been shown in Buryats, compared with Russians, which is consistent with lower susceptibility of the indigenous ethnic groups to metabolic disorders. There have been no population differences in the distribution of LPL gene polymorphic variants associated with dyslipidemia, which means they probably do not contribute to the ethnic characteristics of the lipid profile. The intermediate frequencies of the CETP 1264G and FTO 83401A alleles found in the metis group demonstrate that the metabolic disorders associated with these variants can be rather expected in the descendants of mixed marriages than among Buryats. It has also been demonstrated that Teleuts differ by FTO 83401A allele frequency from some of the European groups and have the lowest detected frequency of the allele CETP 1264G associated with the favorable lipid blood parameters.
Semi-empirical procedure of obtaining the boundary conditions for strong evaporation of a polyatomic gas from a plane surface is proposed. The procedure is based on specifying the dependencies of specific momentum and enthalpy of the flow from the gas flow rate. The latter are derived from the analysis of the available data concerning the evaporation of polyatomic and monatomic gases. The procedure predicts the exactly sonic terminal velocity of the flow and leads to some corrections of existing boundary conditions in transonic region. Thus, for j = 2 and sonic flow the corrections for pressure, temperature and fraction of back-scattered molecules are about 0.7%, -3% and -8%.
Fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF21) beneficially affects carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Previously, a sex-specific activation of Fgf21 expression was observed in humans and animals with metabolic diseases. It is unknown whether the sex differences in the Fgf21 expression are manifested in response to the natural physiological situations of fasting and refeeding. The aim of this work was to determine liver, White Adipose Tissue (WAT) and Brown Adipose Tissue (BAT) expression of genes related to FGF21 signaling in response to 24 h fasting, 6 h refeeding (after 24 h fasting) and Diet-Induced Obesity (DIO) in C57Bl mice of both sexes. Obesity was induced by the consumption of palatable food for 10 weeks. mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-a and -γ (Pparα, Pparγ), FGF21 (Fgf21), coactivator of FGF receptors (Klb) and transcriptional coactivator (Pgc-1α) were measured by RT-PCR. The study showed that the fasting-induced increases in hepatic Fgf21 gene expression and circulating FGF21 levels, as well as refeeding-induced increases in local WAT and BAT Fgf21 gene expression, were biased toward females. DIO-induced increase in circulating FGF21 levels, as well as in Fgf21 gene expression in the liver and BAT, were biased toward males. Considering that FGF21 is a novel metabolic regulator of energy homeostasis, sex differences in the responses to anabolic and catabolic stimulus could have translational implications for novel therapeutic outcomes.
There are risk factors that lead the normal conduction of excitation in the heart into a chaotic one. These factors include hereditary and acquired channelopathies. Many dangerous changes in the work of the heart can be identified using the patient’s electrocardiogram. Such relatively easily detectable changes include the long QT interval syndrome (LQTS). Despite a relatively high prevalence of hereditary LQTS, to which it is necessary to add both hereditary and induced LQTS as well as the ease of detection on the ECG, the mechanism of reentry formation in this syndrome is still unknown. What should be noted is a high variability of the hereditary syndrome and the fact of the connection between the increase in the heart rate and the risk of cardiac arrest.

After an electrophysiological study on individual cardiac cells from patients with the LQT syndrome, it became apparent that the search for a mechanism for the transition of the normal heart rhythm to chaotic and fibrillation cannot be limited to recording ion currents in single cells. To solve this problem, we need a model of the behavior of cardiac tissue which reflects the relationship of various factors and the risk of reentry. In order to create an experimental model of LQTS in our work, the iPSC of a patient-specific line from a healthy patient was differentiated into a monolayer of cardiac cells and the parameters of the excitation propagation were studied depending on the stage of differentiation.

It was shown that a stable value of the propagation velocity and the response to periodic stimulation in the range of physiological values, are reached after the 30th day of differentiation.
The article considers the possibility of connection of KIT and MC1R loci with prenatal growth of mini pigs of the breeding group of Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ICG SB RAS). It is assumed that this relationship may be the result of increased variability of the sign – the mass of the newborn pig in heterozygous according to the loci of individuals. Since prenatal growth is affected by a number of factors that affect the weight of the newborn pig

instead of the absolute value of the sign – the mass of the individual in kilograms, a relative one was used, which is the ratio of the mass of a particular individual to the average mass of the individual in the nest in which it was born. The decomposition of the specified vector into components showed that optimizes forming the kurtosis variation of the number of components dominate in individuals with domestication coat color, while in individuals with pseudoagouti coat color – biasing, forming the asymmetry of the distribution. In addition, the analysis of the consistency of the estimates of individual classes of variational series of individuals of different races to a normal distribution showed

The study showed that mini-pigs of ICG SB RAS have a relationship between heterozygosity at MC1R and KIT loci and increased concentration of individuals in the modal class of relative weight distribution at birth. The discovered relationship is the result of the interaction of increased variability of mass at birth in individuals’ heterozygous loci, controlling intracellular metabolism, with the vector of phenotypic realization of the genetic potential of growth of individuals in the prenatal period. The results of the study also showed that the genotypes at the loci MC1R and KIT do not affect the competitive relationship between the fetuses during the prenatal period. that the mini pigs of ICG SB RAS alleles present low weight at birth, inherited from the Vietnamese breeds, and alleles of the high mass at birth, inherited from the Large White and/or Danish Landrace breed.
A primordial magnetic field with strength in the 1–10 pG range can resolve the tension between different measurements of the Hubble constant and provide an explanation for the excess opacity in the 21 cm line at redshift 15 < z < 20 if it is present during the recombination and reionization epochs. This field can also survive in the voids of the large-scale structure in the present day universe.

We study the sensitivity reach of the gamma-ray technique for measurement of such a relatively strong cosmological magnetic field using deep exposure(s) of the nearest hard spectrum blazar(s) with CTA telescopes.

We show that the gamma-ray measurement method can sense the primordial magnetic field with a strength of up to 10 −11 G. Combination of the cosmic microwave background and gamma-ray constraints can thus sense the full range of possible cosmological magnetic fields to confirm or rule out their relevance to the problem of the origin of cosmic magnetic fields, as well as their influence on recombination and reionization epochs.
Background The Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus is globally expanding and has become the main vector for human arboviruses in Europe. With limited antiviral drugs and vaccines available, vector control is the primary approach to prevent mosquito-borne diseases. A reliable and accurate DNA sequence of the Ae. albopictus genome is essential to develop new approaches that involve genetic manipulation of mosquitoes. Results We use long-read sequencing methods and modern scaffolding techniques (PacBio, 10X, and Hi-C) to produce AalbF2, a dramatically improved assembly of the Ae. albopictus genome. AalbF2 reveals widespread viral insertions, novel microRNAs and piRNA clusters, the sex-determining locus, and new immunity genes, and enables genome-wide studies of geographically diverse Ae. albopictus populations and analyses of the developmental and stage-dependent network of expression data. Additionally, we build the first physical map for this species with 75% of the assembled genome anchored to the chromosomes. Conclusion The AalbF2 genome assembly represents the most up-to-date collective knowledge of the Ae. albopictus genome. These resources represent a foundation to improve understanding of the adaptation potential and the epidemiological relevance of this species and foster the development of innovative control measures.
We compute the perturbative corrections to the HQET sum rules for the matrix element of the \Delta B=2 operator that determines the mass shift of $B^0$, $\bar{B}^0$ states.

Technically, we obtain analytically the non-factorizable contributions at order $\alpha_s$ to the bag parameter that first appear at the three-loop level. Together with the known non-perturbative corrections due to vacuum condensates and $1/m_b$ corrections, the full next-to-leading order result is now available.

We present a numerical value for the renormalization group invariant bag parameter that is phenomenologically relevant and discuss comparison with recent lattice determinations.
Moving liquid meniscus in the 10 μm cylindrical microchannel is used as a liquid lock to recover the liquid obtained by condensation from the separators. The main goal of the liquid locks to prevent penetration of a gas phase in the liquid line at the small flow rate of the condensate and because of pressure fluctuations in the vapor-gas-liquid loop.

Mathematical model of liquid meniscus shape in cylindrical micro-channel of the separator unit of condensing/separating system is presented. Calculation of the meniscus shape has been performed for liquid FC-72 at different values of pressure difference gas - liquid and under normal and micro gravity conditions.
As recently revealed, chirped dissipative solitons (DSs) generated in a long cavity fiber laser are subject to action of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS).

Here we present theoretical and experimental study of the DS formation and evolution in the presence of strong SRS.

The results demonstrate that the rising noisy Raman pulse (RP) acts not only as an additional channel of the energy dissipation destroying DS, but on the contrary can support it that results in formation of a complex of the bound DS and RP of comparable energy and duration. In the complex, the DS affords amplification of the RP, whereas the RP stabilizes the DS via temporal-spectral filtering. Stable 25 nJ SRS-driven chirped DS pulses are generated in all-fiber ring laser cavities with lengths of up to 120 m. The DS with duration up to 70 ps can be externally dechirped to <300 fs thus demonstrating the record compression factor.
In the present work a computer code RCFS for numerical simulation of chemically reacting compressible flows on hybrid CPU/GPU supercomputers is developed. It solves 3D unsteady Euler equations for multispecies chemically reacting flows in general curvilinear coordinates using shock-capturing TVD schemes. Time advancement is carried out using the explicit Runge-Kutta TVD schemes. Program implementation uses CUDA application programming interface to perform GPU computations. Data between GPUs is distributed via domain decomposition technique. The developed code is verified on the number of test cases including supersonic flow over a cylinder.
Annihilation decay rates of P-wave positronium are negligible compared to the rates of radiative electric dipole transitions to the ground state. This circumstance makes such decays experimentally inaccessible.

A detailed exposition of two-photon decays of P-wave positronium is given to fill an existing gap in the pedagogical literature.

However the situation is different for quarkonium and the experimental and theoretical research of two-photon and two-gluon decays of P-wave quarkonia is a still flourishing field.
It is shown that the unusual thermodynamic properties of matter within the region of two-phase coexistence in hybrid stars result in a change of the standard condition for beginning of convection. In particular, the thermal flux transported by convection may be directed towards the stellar centre. We discuss favourable circumstances leading to such an effect of ‘inverse convection’ and its possible influence on the thermal evolution of hybrid stars.
For any toric automorphism with only real eigenvalues a Riemannian metric with an integrable geodesic flow on the suspension of this automorphism is constructed.

A qualitative analysis of such a flow on a three-solvmanifold constructed by the authors in math.DG/9905078 is done.

This flow is an example of the geodesic flow, which has vanishing Liouville entropy and, moreover, is integrable but has positive topological entropy. The authors also discuss some open problems on integrability of geodesic flows and related subjects.
The paper considers new approaches to the preparation of structured catalysts and peculiarities of the processes for the production of hydrogen-rich gas from hydrocarbons and dimethyl ether for fuel cell feeding applications.The results of the studies of structured catalyst for CO removal from reformate by selective methanation are presented.