Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Atrial cardiomyopathy (ACM) is a relatively common but clinically underestimated disorder, which is characterized by an increased atrial size and dysfunction. Previously, ACM was considered a primary disorder, but in 2016 this concept was revised by European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) working group with inclusion of secondary atrial remodeling. The EHRA document details aspects of atrial anatomy and pathophysiology, proposes definitions of ACM, histological classification, outlines the molecular mechanisms of atrial arrhythmia and the problems of personalized treatment and optimization of indications for catheter ablation.Practical application of the proposed ACM classification system, the clinical significance of novel ACM concept and the potential role of this information for a practitioner are presented in this article. Two clinical cases of ACM with “primary” (familial form of ACM due to NPPA gene mutation with primary defect in atrial structure and function) and “secondary” atrial remodeling (ACM caused by a longterm supraventricular tachyarrhythmias due to SCN1B gene mutation).
Vitamin D3 Binding Protein (DBP) is a multifunctional glycoprotein whose main role is to transport vitamin D3 and its metabolites, but it also is the precursor of the macrophage activating factor (GcMAF). DBP is converted to GcMAF as a result of site-specific selective deglycosylation under the action of β-galactosidase and sialidase, localized on activated B and T cells, respectively. GcMAF exerts its biological activity primarily as the capability of activating macrophages by enhancing their phagocytic function and producing ROS. Activation results in elevated expression of the specific macrophageal surface receptors involved in the recognition of tumor-associated antigens, as well as in the implementation of direct anticancer activity by inducing the apoptosis or necrosis of tumor cells. Increased interest in GcMAF is associated with its potential to be used in the clinic as a new antitumor drug. Besides its anti-tumor activity, GcMAF exerts a potential against a number of viral and neurodegenerative diseases associated with increased activity of N -acetylgalactosaminidase (nagalase) in the blood serum of patients. Nagalase is an enzyme that completely (rather than selectively) deglycosylates DBP so it cannot be converted to GcMAF, leading to immunodeficiency. Circulating DBP is composed of unmodified and O-glycosylated molecules with the glycosylation degree being dependent on the allelic variants of the gene encoding DBP. The role of DBP in the resistance of organism against a number of diseases is supported by the increased risk of a variety of severe illnesses (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, colorectal cancer etc.) in patients deficient for GcMAF due to homozygosity for defective DBP alleles. In this review, we also will examine in detail the current data i) on the structure and functions of DBP, as the main precursor of GcMAF, ii) on the main mechanisms of GcMAF anticancer effect, iii) on the tumor strategy for neutralizing GcMAF activity, iv) on the results of GcMAF clinical trials in various cancers; and will discuss the available controversies regarding the positioning of GcMAF as an effective antitumor drug.
The aim of the work is to analyze the correlation between verbal, paragraphical, and visual components of the polymodal text of naïve discourse through the analysis of the concept uniting these parts of the text.

During the analysis of ninety Instagram posts written in Russian, English, and French we found out several types of polymodal texts: 1) texts without text-forming concepts: 2) texts with text-forming concepts which are represented either 2.1) verbally and visually or 2.2) verbally and paragraphically or 2.3) paragraphically and visually or 2.4) verbally, paragraphically, and visually.

The majority of the posts contain text-forming concepts, and they are represented at all the three levels. Types 2.3 and 2.2 are the least common. Although Instagram is a visual-centric social network, it is the verbal component of polymodal texts that represents concepts most often. Moreover, verbal component can represent all the sides of the concept connected with image perception, notion and values while non-verbal components often objectify only some of these sides. We also found out some specific traits connected with representation of concepts with the help of paragraphical means (emojis). First, metaphoric and metonymic transfers are inherent in emoji. Second, concepts can be represented by several emojis following each other. In this case each of them represents one attribute of the concept. Their order is usually random, and sometimes it causes ambiguity.
Background:The genome is always exposed to different kinds of DNA damaging agents.DNA repair systems in cells are responsible for the genome integrity.The damages, which do not make strong disturbance of double stranded DNA structure, are normally processed by the base excision repair (BER) system.To the moment, this system is well characterized, but the details of regulation are still under investigation.DNA compaction additionally complicates the functioning of repair systems.For successful DNA repair, BER stages, as well as the degree of DNA compaction, should be regulated.Poly(ADPribose)polymerase1 (PARP1) and poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase2 (PARP2) are key BER regulatory members, which are also known to participate in the regulation of chromatin remodeling.Methods: Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.Results: In our study, we focused on the investigation of the influence of PARPs on the activity of major enzymes of the BER system -APE1 and DNA polymerase beta, using both reconstituted nucleosomes and naked DNAs.We obtained the inhibitory effect of PARP1 and PARP2 on the activity of both APE1 and DNA polymerase beta.This effect was attenuated in the presence of NAD + , under conditions of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation. Conclusion:Our results additionally confirm the currently relevant model for the regulation of the interactions of PARP1 and PARP2 with DNA.In particular, under ADP-ribosylation, autopoly(ADPribosyl)ation of these PARPs occurs that contributes to the dissociation of their complexes with the DNA/nucleosome, due to electrostatic repulsion between the DNA and the negatively charged polymer of ADP-ribose, which is covalently attached to PARP.The structural data could clarify the points of interaction and location of PARPs relative to each other or to nucleosome core and BER proteins during repair.
This paper describes an algorithm for creating hash function, resistant for quantum computer.

The given approach is based on the problem of solving a system of polynomial equations in integers, where the number of equations is less than the number of unknown parameters. The developed algorithm is parameterized so the result of the hash function depends on several parameters, therefore, it will take considerably longer to select the solution of the task. The avalanche effect is about 50%, collision is impossible because the task to find a solution of the described system of equations with a degree greater than 3 is algorithmically unsolvable.

This hash function was developed for blockchain to ensure its integrity, but it can also be used in any application where a hash function is needed.
автоматики и электрометрии СО РАН, Новосибирск, Россия ИЗМЕРЕНИЕ ВЕЛИЧИНЫ И ПОЛОЖЕНИЯ ТОЧЕЧНЫХ ТЕМПЕРАТУРНЫХ ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЙ НА ДЛИННЫЕ ВОЛОКОННЫЕ БРЭГГОВСКИЕ РЕШЕТКИ *
We consider one-point commuting difference operators of rank one. The coefficients of these operators depend on a functional parameter, shift operators being included only with positive degrees.

We study these operators in the case of hyperelliptic spectral curve when the marked point coincides with the branch point. We construct examples of operators with polynomial and trigonometric coefficients.

Moreover, difference operators with polynomial coefficients can be embedded in the differential ones with polynomial coefficients. This construction provides a new way of constructing commutative subalgebras in the first Weyl algebra.
For the first time, orthogonally substituted azole-carboxylate adamantane ligands were synthesized and used for preparation of coordination polymers.

The angle-shaped ligands were prepared by the reaction of 1-adamantanecarboxylic acid and azoles (1H-1,2,4-triazole, 3-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole, 3,5-dimethyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole, 1H-tetrazole, 5-methyl-1H-tetrazole) in concentrated sulfuric acid. Variation of the solvent and substituents in azole rings allowed to prepare both 1D and 2D copper(II) and nickel(II) coordination polymers, [Cu2(trzadc)4(H2O)0.7]∙DMF∙0.3H2O, [Cu(trzadc)2(MeOH)]∙MeOH, [Ni(trzadc)2(MeOH)2] and [Cu2(mtrzadc)3(MeOH)]+NO3- (trzadc-3-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-adamantane-1-carboxylic acid; mtrzadc-3-(3-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-adamantane-1-carboxylic acid) which were structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction.

Complex [Cu(trzadc)2(MeOH)]∙MeOH was shown to act as a catalyst in the Chan-Evans-Lam arylation reaction.
The role of autophagy and vesicular trafficking in carcinogenesis, including melanoma, is ambiguous: on the one hand, they contribute to the maintenance of intracellular homeostasis and the tumor progression, on the other hand, they can initiate cancer cell death. These processes have a significant impact on the metabolism of melanoma cells and could be associated with metastasis, tumor growth and progression.

The review examines the mechanisms of autophagy and vesicular trafficking and presents the modern literature data demonstrating the role of the intracellular transport system in oncogenesis and melanoma development. A literature search was performed in the PubMed database.

The role of autophagy and vesicular trafficking in carcinogenesis, including melanoma, is ambiguous: on the one hand, they contribute to the maintenance of intracellular homeostasis and the tumor progression, on the other hand, they can initiate cancer cell death. These processes have a significant impact on the metabolism of melanoma cells and could be associated with metastasis, tumor growth and progression.
The mechanism is extended with cross reactions for n-heptane and toluene derivatives. A satisfactory agreement between the new experimental data on the structure of n-heptane/toluene flame and the numerical simulations is observed.

The mole fraction profiles of major flame species and intermediates including PAH precursors are measured in an atmospheric premixed burner-stabilized fuel-rich (φ = 1.75) n-heptane/toluene/O2/Ar flame (n-heptane/toluene ratio is 7:3 by liquid volume). These data are simulated with a detailed, extensively validated chemical kinetic reaction mechanism for combustion of n-heptane/toluene mixture, involving the reactions of PAH formation.

The mechanism reported can be successfully used in the models of practical fuel surrogates for reproducing the formation of soot precursors. The analysis of the reaction pathways shows that in the flame of the n-heptane/toluene blend (7:3 liquid volume ratio) the reactions dominant for the formation of the first aromatic ring (benzene and phenyl) are as those typical for pure toluene flames. The discrepancies between the measured and calculated species mole fractions are detected as well. The steps for the mechanism improvements are determined on the basis of the sensitivity analysis performed.
Karyotype evolution in Carnivora is thoroughly studied by classical and molecular cytogenetics and supplemented by reconstructions of Ancestral Carnivora Karyotype (ACK). However chromosome painting information from two pinniped families (Odobenidae and Otariidae) is noticeably missing.

We report on the construction of the comparative chromosome map for species from each of the three pinniped families: the walrus (Odobenus rosmarus, Odobenidae–monotypic family), near threatened Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus, Otariidae) and the endemic Baikal seal (Pusa sibirica, Phocidae) using combination of human, domestic dog and stone marten whole-chromosome painting probes. Chromosome painting in Pinnipedia and comparison with non-pinniped carnivore karyotypes provide strong support for refined structure of ACK with 2n = 38.

Constructed comparative chromosome maps show that pinniped karyotype evolution was characterized by few tandem fusions, seemingly absent inversions and slow rate of genome rearrangements (less then one rearrangement per 10 million years). Integrative comparative analyses with published chromosome painting of Phoca vitulina revealed common cytogenetic signature for Phoca/Pusa branch and supports Phocidae and Otaroidea (Otariidae/Odobenidae) as sister groups. We revealed rearrangements specific for walrus karyotype and found the chromosomal signature linking together families Otariidae and Odobenidae. The Steller sea lion karyotype is the most conserved among three studied species and differs from the ACK by single fusion. The study underlined the strikingly slow karyotype evolution of the Pinnipedia in general and the Otariidae in particular.
Earlier, after our bioinformatic analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphisms of TATA-binding protein-binding sites within gene promoters on the human Y chromosome, we suggested that human reproductive potential diminishes during self-domestication. Here, we implemented bioinformatics models of human diseases using animal in vivo genome-wide RNA-Seq data to compare the effect of co-directed changes in the expression of orthologous genes on human reproductive potential and during the divergence of domestic and wild animals from their nearest common ancestor (NCA). For example, serotonin receptor 3A (HTR3A) deficiency contributes to sudden death in pregnancy, consistently with Htr3a underexpression in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) during their divergence from their NCA with cavy (C. aperea). Overall, 25 and three differentially expressed genes (hereinafter, DEGs) in domestic animals versus 11 and 17 DEGs in wild animals show the direction consistent with human orthologous gene-markers of reduced and increased reproductive potential. This indicates a reliable association between DEGs in domestic animals and human orthologous genes reducing reproductive potential (Pearson’s χ2 test p < 0.001, Fisher’s exact test p < 0.05, binomial distribution p < 0.0001), whereas DEGs in wild animals uniformly match human orthologous genes decreasing and increasing human reproductive potential (p > 0.1; binomial distribution), thus enforcing the norm (wild type).
Measurements are presented of the CP violation observables S and C in the decays of B(0) and Bover ¯]0 mesons to the J/ψK(S)(0) final state. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb(-1) collected with the LHCb experiment in proton-proton collisions at center-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV, and contains a total of 41 560 selected B^{0} and B[over ¯]^{0} decays. The analysis of the time evolution of these decays yields S=0.731±0.035(stat)±0.020(syst) and C=-0.038±0.032(stat)±0.005(syst). In the standard model, S equals sin(2β) to a good level of precision. The values are consistent with the current world averages and with the standard model expectations.
MOTIVATION: Despite the growing volume of data on primary nucleotide sequences, the regulatory regions remain a major puzzle with regard to their function. Numerous recognising programs considering a diversity of properties of regulatory regions have been developed. The system proposed here allows the specific contextual, conformational and physico-chemical properties to be revealed based on analysis of extended DNA regions. RESULTS: The Internet-accessible computer system RegScan, designed to analyse the extended regulatory regions of eukaryotic genes, has been developed. The computer system comprises the following software: (i) programs for classification dividing a set of promoters into TATA-containing and TATA-less promoters and promoters with and without CpG islands; (ii) programs for constructing (a) nucleotide frequency profiles, (b) sequence complexity profiles and (c) profiles of conformational and physico-chemical properties; (iii) the program for constructing the sets of degenerate oligonucleotide motifs of a specified length; and (iv) the program searching for and visualising repeats in nucleotide sequences. The system has allowed us to demonstrate the following characteristic patterns of vertebrate promoter regions: the TATA box region is flanked by regions with an increased G+C content and increased bending stiffness, the TATA box content is asymmetric and promoter regions are saturated with both direct and inverted repeats. AVAILABILITY: The computer system RegScan is available via the Internet at http://www.mgs.bionet.nsc. ru/Systems/RegScan, http://www.cbil.upenn.edu/mgs/systems/r egscan/.
Combined experimental and computational investigation shows that the exclusively amorphous nature of MoS5 and WS5 is related to flexible chains in their structures, akin to traditional polymers, making these materials remarkably different from most of the other transition metal chalcogenides that may be obtained in crystalline state.

Combined experimental and computational investigation

The presented findings are important for both fundamental understanding of possible formation processes of new materials and for promoting their practical uses, as shown on the example of Li-ion batteries.
A model of a human sigmoid sinus was studied using magnetic resonance imaging. MRI images were obtained in three transverse and two longitudinal sections at different levels.

The findings indicate that, at the exit of the cranial cavity, this venous vascular structure forms a flow pattern with highly pronounced longitudinal vortices. Thereat, the flow rotation is formed by the complex asymmetric shape of the conduit.
Transposons are jumping genes that constitute a sizeable fraction of eukaryotic genomes. They drive genome evolution and can cause genetic diseases and cancer. Although transposons were first discovered in plants and much of our knowledge about them stems from plants, the most abundant human transposon, L1, has barely been investigated in plants.

In this study, we identify plant L1 retrotransposons from a variety of plant genomes and show that, similar to viruses, they evolved in a modular fashion by gaining and losing various protein-coding domains.

Moreover, we find that plant L1s carry an active Archaea-like ribonuclease H (RNH) domain, suggesting that they shuttle RNH between plants, bacteria, and Archaea.
The performance of a variational data assimilation algorithm for a transport and transformation model of atmospheric chemical composition is studied numerically in the case where the emission inventories are missing while there are additional in situ indirect concentration measurements. The algorithm is based on decomposition and splitting methods with a direct solution of the data assimilation problems at the splitting stages. This design allows avoiding iterative processes and working in real-time. In numerical experiments we study the sensitivity of data assimilation to measurement data quantity and quality.
We study a new rheological model describing flows of melts and solutions of incompressible viscoelastic polymeric media in an external uniform magnetic field in the presence of a temperature drop and a conduction current.

We derive an asymptotic representation of the spectrum of the linear problem resulting from the linearization of the initial boundary value problem in an infinite plane channel about a Poiseuille-type flow.

For this Poiseuille-type flow, we also determine the parameter domain of linear Lyapunov stability.
The study is focused on an American mathematician’s idiolect by analysis of the protagonist’s direct speech in the film A Beautiful Mind. The ideal scientist’s generalized image followed by the stylization of his idiolect contains the research capacity: this modelled language personality refers not only and not so much to its prototype, but to the stereotype of a mathematician’s idiolect circulated to American English speakers. The study was done by the methodology based on counting the word frequency by using software TextSTAT and comparing the results with the word frequency in the Corpus of Contemporary American English to assess the degree of deviation of the mathematician’s stylized lexicon from an average American English native speaker’s lexicon objectively. The associative semantic analysis of the studied personality’s main metonymic characteristic expressed by the phrase “A Beautiful Mind” located the associative semantic fields of the concept MIND in the native English speakers’ mass consciousness and set the main directions to research the associative semantic fields of the American mathematician’s general lexicon as follows: “Cognition”, “Mental condition” and “Eccentricity”. The further research is focused on the scientist’s vocabulary which is directly related to his professional activity. The structuring the field “Professional communication” (terms, professional slang, jargonisms, nomenclature), studying the quantitative ratios of these vocabulary groups and their contextual links revealed the specific scientific interests, isolation in a team and deviant language behavior. The analysis of the field “Cognition” indicated several nouns and verbs (work, time, number, to work, to win, to lose and others) as its semantic center. The research of their contextual links showed that the language personality’s main value is a dedicated cognitive process consisting in numerical solutions of problems to determine the causal relationships of reality. The solutions are not only thought, but imagined; feelings are also involved in the cognitive process. Multiplicity of solution makes choice important. The associative semantic fields structuring the mathematician’s lexicon are interrelated. There are lexical units (love, bicycle) that carry information in the intersections of the fields implicitly. Such lexical units form symbols which connect the series of heterogeneous concepts in the studied language personality’s mind.
We present the results of a search for the radiative decay $B\ensuremath{\rightarrow}K{\ensuremath{\eta}}^{\ensuremath{'}}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ and find evidence for ${B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{+}{\ensuremath{\eta}}^{\ensuremath{'}}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ decays at the 3.3 standard deviation level with a partial branching fraction of $(3.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.4)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$, where the first error is statistical and the second systematic. This measurement is restricted to the region of combined $K{\ensuremath{\eta}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ invariant mass less than $3.4\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}/{c}^{2}$. A 90% confidence level upper limit of $6.4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$ is obtained for the partial branching fraction of the decay ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{0}{\ensuremath{\eta}}^{\ensuremath{'}}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ in the same $K{\ensuremath{\eta}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ invariant mass region. These results are obtained from a $605\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ data sample containing $657\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}B\overline{B}$ pairs collected at the $\ensuremath{\Upsilon}(4S)$ resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collider.