Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Besides an antigen-presenting function and ability to induce antitumor immune responses, dendritic cells (DCs) possess a direct tumoricidal activity. We previously reported that monocyte-derived IFNα-induced DCs (IFN-DCs) of glioblastoma multiforme patients express low levels of membrane TNFα molecule (mTNFα) and have impaired TNFα/TNF-R1-mediated cytotoxicity against immortalized tumor cell line HEp-2. However, whether the observed defect could affect killer activity of glioma patient DCs against autologous tumor cells remained unclear.

Here, we show that donor IFN-DCs possess cytotoxic activity against glioblastoma cell lines derived from a primary tumor culture. Granule-mediated and TNFα/TNF-R1-dependent pathways were established as the main mechanisms underlying cytotoxic activity of IFN-DCs. Glioblastoma patient IFN-DCs showed lower cytotoxicity against autologous glioblastoma cells sensitive to TNFα/TNFR1-mediated lysis, which was associated with low TNFα mRNA expression and high TACE/ADAM-17 enzyme activity. Recombinant IL-2 (rIL-2) and human double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) increased 1.5-fold cytotoxic activity of patient IFN-DCs against autologous glioblastoma cells. dsDNA, but not rIL-2, enhanced the expression of TNFα mRNA and decreased expression and activity of TACE/ADAM-17 enzyme.

In addition, dsDNA and rIL-2 stimulated the expression of perforin and granzyme B (in the presence of dsDNA), suggesting the possibility of enhancing DC cytotoxicity against autologous glioblastoma cells via various mechanisms.
Recent results on studies of bottomonium and bottomonium-like states at Belle are reported.

The results are obtained with a 121.4 fb−1 data sample collected with the Belle detector in the vicinity of the ϒ(5S) resonance at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e+e− collider.
An influence of various organic compounds on aggregation of asphaltenes separated from Tartar oil was studied by small-angle X-ray scattering and scanning tunneling microscopy methods.

The compounds such as cyclohexane, methanol, formic acid, heptane, tetrabutylammonium fluoride, acetonitrile, decane, hexanol-1, furfural, and octene-1, added to the solution of asphaltenes in toluene, were shown to produce a considerable aggregation of asphaltene particles of ∼10–13 nm size and of an oblong ellipsoid shape along the longer axis. Decalin, dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, nitrobenzene, aniline, cyclohexanol, monoethanolamine, triethanolamine, 1-methylnaphtalene, and dichloroethane cause asphaltene aggregate sizes to decrease essentially. Acetone, glycerin, ethyl acetate, dioxane, benzyl alcohol, oleic acid, limonene, α-pinene, cycloheptatrien, and nitromethane were shown to influence weakly on aggregation/disaggregation processes of asphaltenes.

Conceivable reasons of the observed effects are discussed from general physico-chemical properties of the compounds used.
The formation of a guanine quadruplex DNA structure (G4) is known to repress the expression of certain cancer-related genes. Consequently, a mutated G4 sequence can affect quadruplex formation and induce cancer progression.

In this study, we developed an oligonucleotide derivative consisting of a ligand-containing guanine tract that replaces the mutated G4 guanine tract at the promoter of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene. A ligand moiety consisting of three types of polyaromatic hydrocarbons, pyrene, anthracene, and perylene, was attached to either the 3' or 5' end of the guanine tract. Each of the ligand-conjugated guanine tracts, with the exception of anthracene derivatives, combined with other intact guanine tracts to form an intermolecular G4 on the mutated VEGF promoter.

This intermolecular G4, exhibiting parallel topology and high thermal stability, enabled VEGF G4 formation to be recovered from the mutated sequence. Stability of the intramolecular G4 increased with the size of the conjugated ligand. However, suppression of intermolecular G4 replication was uniquely dependent on whether the ligand was attached to the 3' or 5' end of the guanine tract. These results indicate that binding to either the top or bottom guanine quartet affects unfolding kinetics due to polarization in DNA polymerase processivity. Our findings provide a novel strategy for recovering G4 formation in case of damage, and fine-tuning processes such as replication and transcription.
The mutations in ontogenes have been shown to drastically increase the nondisjunction of X chromosomes in the D. melanogaster meiosis. This means that ontogenes are involved in the process that brings the homologs together although both the genes and ontogenes are finally paired. The phenomenon named the paradox of homologous pairing is described. Chromosomal rearrangements (inversions and translocations) lead to formation of specific topological figures (loops and crosses) during pairing. The mutual arrangement of the nucleotide sequences of homologous ontogenes before and after formation of such figures is different. Their arrangement coincides after a figure is formed and the pairing looks homologous. However, before the figure is formed, their arrangement does not match and the pairing is actually nonhomologous. The available data on ontogenes allows this paradox to be resolved. It is assumed that the sequence of each ontogene possesses a factor that 1) is a product of this nucleotide sequence; 2) is co-located with this sequence; and 3) generates approaching independently of nucleotide sequence position in space. The sole candidate to the role of this factor is the DNA conformation of ontogene. The conformation in the form of a solenoid of DNA is able to generate an electromagnetic field independent of the orientation of the DNA itself. The proposed resolution of the paradox is considered in terms of the problem of genetic homology.
Dendrobaena schmidti (Michaelsen, 1907) is a polymorphic earthworm species from the Caucasus and adjacent regions. Adult D. schmidti individuals have highly variable body size (from 1.5 to well over 10 cm) and color (from dark purple to total lack of pigmentation), so a lot of subspecies of D. schmidti have been described; however, the existence of most of them is currently under dispute. We studied the genetic diversity of D. schmidti from seven locations from the Western Caucasus using mitochondrial (a fragment of the cytochrome oxidase I gene) and nuclear (internal ribosomal transcribed spacer 2) DNA. For both genes studied, we found that our sample was split into two groups. The first group included somewhat bigger (3-7.5 cm) individuals that were only slightly pigmented or totally unpigmented (when fixed by ethanol). The second group contained small (1.7-3.5 cm) specimens with dark purple pigmentation. In one of the studied locations these two groups were found in sympatry. However, there were no absolute differences either in general appearance (pigmented/unpigmented, small/big) or among diagnostic characters. Although the two groups differed in size (the majority of individuals from the first group were 5-6 cm long, and of the second one, 2-3 cm), the studied samples overlapped to a certain degree. Pigmentation, despite apparent differences, was also unreliable, since it was heavily affected by fixation of the specimens. Thus, based on the obtained data we can conclude that D. schmidti consists of at least two species that have identical states of diagnostic characters, but differ in general appearance.
Degenerative-dystrophic changes in the spine have general nature, which leads to changes in the balance parameters and consequently, other elements of the musculoskeletal systems. This article is devoted to analysis of the literature data, based on which we conclude that changes in the sagittal balance in elderly and senile patients as the restabilization stage still remain unexpected.Дегенеративно-дистрофические изменения позвоночника носят универсальный характер, что приводит к изменениям параметров сагиттального баланса и, следовательно, других элементов опорно-двигательного аппарата. В статье проведен анализ литературы отечественных и зарубежных авторов, на основании которого можно сделать вывод, что на сегодняшний день остаются неизученными изменения параметров сагиттального баланса у пациентов пожилого и старческого возраста в стадии рестабилизации.
Objective: to develop a new antigenic relevance influenza B virus suitable for modeling influenza infection in mice to assess of in vivo and in vitro therapeutic and preventive efficacy of antiviral drugs. Materials and methods : was carried out an adaptation of influenza B virus in BALB/c mice. Was performed, comparative assessment of in vivo and in vitro pathogenicity of the parenta! virus and. adapted, influenza B virus. Was assessed, inhibition of neuraminidase with antiviral drugs (oseltamivir ethoxyacrylate and. Tamiflu) in relation to the adapted, influenza B virus. Results: adapted influenza B virus (B/Novosibirsk/40/2017-MA strain) models non-lethal influenza infection with pronounced, clinical signs of the disease in experimental animals. Were described the destructive changes in lungs and. brain that increases during infection. Analysis of internal organs (lungs, brain, liver, heart, kidneys, spleen) were revealed viral load only in the lungs. Were evaluated, in vivo and in vitro efficacy of antiviral drugs (oseltamivir ethoxysuccinate and Tamiflu®) on the model of influenza infection. Were proved, the high, efficiency of the innovative drug — oseltamivir ethoxysuccinate. Conclusion: the antigen-relevant adapted, influenza B virus (B/Novosibirsk/40/2017-MA strain) can be used, to assess the drug effectiveness against influenza, as well as an additional tool for predicting the effectiveness of the vaccine against drifting strains.
The reactions of the tetrahedral diphosphorus [Cp2Mo2(CO)4(η2-P2)] (1; Cp = C5H5) complex with Ag[Al{OC(CF3)3}4] (AgTEF) (A) and Ag[FAl{OC(C6F5)(C6F10)}3] (AgFAl) (B) were studied. The first reaction led to the formation of the [Ag2(η2-1)2(η1:η1-1)2][TEF]2 (2) dimer and the [Ag2(η1:η1-1)3] n [TEF]2n (3) coordination polymer, whereas the second reaction afforded the [Ag2(η1:η1-1)2(η1-CH2Cl2)2(η2-C7H8)2][FAl]2 (4) or the [Ag2(η2-1)2(η1:η1-1)2][FAl]2 (5) dimer and the [Ag2(η1:η1-1)4] n [FAl]2n (6) coordination polymer. In each case, the products obtained depended on the ratio of the reactants and/or the synthetic procedure.
The main application area for GaSe crystals is nonlinear optics, but there are problems with machining and antireflection coatings due to the layered structure of GaSe.

Large GaSe crystals with dominant ε-modification were grown. Using various harmonics of a femtosecond laser, antireflection microstructures (ARM) were fabricated by laser ablation on the plate surface and modes providing increased transmission up to 90% in the mid-IR were selected. Using SEM and optical microscopy, as well as EDX and optical spectroscopy, defects on the GaSe surface and their effect on the spectral region and the degree of transmission increase were studied.

Modes providing increased transmission up to 90% in the mid-IR were selected.
Absrtact. Prospects for the Chukotka’s economic development are associated with several aspects: trends of the Northern Sea Route and its infrastructure revival; renewal of the peninsula energy system; the presence of profitable resource projects for the extraction of, copper, coal, oil and gas, and the need to develop the defence infrastructure on the northeast border of Russia. At the same time, extremely uncomfortable conditions for living and doing business, poor development of transport and social infrastructure, state of the energy system, shortage of skilled labor, environmental restrictions make economic indicators of projects unsatisfactory. Under these conditions, traditional project analysis should be transformed into the analysis of value chains, i.e. bundles of investment projects should be considered simultaneously. The purpose of this work was to understand the possible spatial organization of the Chukotka’s economy and economic -mathematical modelling of interrelated perspective projects within the projected centres of economic development. Systematization of data on promising projects of the Chukotka Autonomous District allowed defining the contours of three promising ATPCs - Peveksky, Anadyrsky and Lorinsky. Further, using the author’s simulation model, forecasted effects of four technologically related projects were assessed: the copper deposit Peschanka, the gold deposit Kekura, the floating nuclear power plant and the Pevek sea port. The toolkit created by the authors can be used to justify the development priorities of the Chukotka Autonomous District, as well as to assess the various institutional conditions for the implementation of investment projects in the region.
In the current work gold catalysts supported on both commercial oxides and oxides synthesized by the sol-gel method were used for the one-pot alcohol amination of myrtenol.

Synthesized alumina was characterized by stronger acid sites favoring primary amine accumulation on the catalyst surface, as compared to the commercial oxide. Utilization of mixed metal oxides synthesized by the sol-gel method resulted in the non-additive behavior of different oxides enhancing the catalytic activity. Introduction of ceria into alumina modified the support basicity resulting in more efficient alcohol activation.

In general, utilization of metal oxides synthesized by the sol-gel method as the gold catalyst support enhanced the knowledge regarding key parameters determining catalytic behavior.
Application of scaffold technology for the problem of bone tissue regeneration has great prospects in modern medicine. The influence of fluid shear stress on stem cells cultivation and its differentiation into osteoblasts is the subject of intensive research. Mathematical modeling of fluid flow in bioreactor allowed us to determine the structure of flow and estimate the level of mechanical stress on cells. The series of computations for different rotation frequencies (0.083, 0.124, 0.167, 0.2 and 0.233 Hz) was performed for the laminar flow regime approximation. It was shown that the Taylor vortices in the gap between the cylinders qualitatively change the distribution of static pressure and shear stress in the region of vortices connection. It was shown that an increase in the rotation frequency leads to an increase of the unevenness in distribution of the above mentioned functions. The obtained shear stress and static pressure dependence on the rotational frequency make it possible to choose the operating mode of the reactor depending on the provided requirements. It was shown that in the range of rotation frequencies chosen in this work (0.083 < f < 0.233 Hz), the shear stress does not exceed the known literature data (0.002 - 0.1 Pa).
We have searched for the lepton-flavor-violating decays tau- -> ell-K0s and ell-K0sK0s (ell = e or mu), using a data sample of 671 fb^-1 collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e^+e^- collider. No evidence for a signal was found in any of the decay modes, and we set the following upper limits for the branching fractions: B(tau^- -> e^-K0s) < 2.6 x 10^-8, B(tau^- -> μ^-K0s) < 2.3 x 10^-8, B(tau^- -> e^-K0sK0s) < 7.1 x 10^-8 and B(tau^- -> mu^-K0sK0s) < 8.0 x 10^-8 at the 90% confidence level.
We describe degenerations of four-dimensional binary Lie algebras, and five- and six-dimensional nilpotent Malcev algebras over ℂ. In particular, we describe all irreducible components of these varieties.
Humans are social beings and the self is inevitably conceptualized in terms of social environment. The degree to which the self is perceived as fundamentally similar or fundamentally different from other people is modulated by cultural stereotypes, such as collectivism and individualism. These stereotypes are not hardwired in our brains and individuals differ in the degree to which they adopt the attitudes that define their culture. Moreover, individuals can acquire multiple sets of cultural knowledge and, depending on the context, either individualistic or collectivistic cultural mindset could be activated. In this study, we used cultural priming techniques to activate either individualistic or collectivistic mindset and investigated the association between source-level EEG connectivity in the default mode network (DMN) and spontaneous self-related thoughts in the subsequent resting state. Afterward, participants performed a social interaction task, in which they were allowed to choose between friendly, avoidant, or aggressive behavior. After collectivism priming, self-related thoughts were associated with increased connectivity of DMN with the right temporoparietal junction (TPJ), which is involved in taking the perspective of others and is more active in representatives of collectivistic cultures, whereas after individualism priming they were associated with increased connectivity with the temporal pole, which is involved in self/other discrimination and is more active in representatives of individualistic cultures. Individual differences in the intensity of post-priming self-related thoughts and the strength of DMN-temporal pole connectivity predicted individual differences in behavior during the social interaction task, with individualistic mindset predisposing to more friendly and trustful social behavior.
The relation between Russia’s macroeconomic growth and its regional components for the period of 1990–2013 is considered in the paper. The goal is to estimate this ratio depending on the phase (stage) of development. The hypothesis is that the increase in regional disparities within the post-Soviet period, picked up by standard measures and noted by many authors, is not connected with the systemic removal of regional indicators from each other. The Russian regional space is considered to have specific forms of convergence-divergence, required to be identified. The dynamics of regional space configuration in Russia is considered from a new point of view—as a distribution of mass (volume) of the gross regional product (GRP) over the growth rates. The estimation and forecast of the structural characteristics of GRP mass distribution are made on the basis of the “distribution dynamics” approach. Using this approach, the forecast of the GRP dynamics and structure until 2025 is made. The average annual growth rate is expected to be around 104,5 % by 2025, while differentiation of growth rates significantly increases. The phase of macroeconomic growth over the last 15 years is reflected on its regional components: GRP growth in Russia in general, both before and after the crisis of 2009, creates a denser distribution than in 2009. The general trend of the 2000s and subsequent years is characterized by a certain decline in the differentiation of GRP per capita relating to the main regional space of Russia (74 regions). The results of this research may be useful for regional regulation policy purposes. A significant part of the Russian regions in 2009–2013, in spite of the dominant trend, provides dynamics not worse than that of the number of countries with a developed market. It seems that there is an urgent need to create a special scientific and practical project to study this phenomenon.
The study of thermal behaviors of magnesium hydroxide before and after modifying by high energy electron beam irradiation

demonstrated that the initial temperature of mass loss of the irradiated sample is lower than that of the sample without irradiation. Moreover, the quantities of released water and carbon dioxide gas of irradiated specimen are also higher than these values of non-irradiated one. The DSC results showed that the endothermic effects of decomposition reaction of irradiated sample are stronger than that of the sample without irradiation.

It was found that magnesium hydroxide particles size greatly decreased, from 74,2 µm of the non-irradiated sample to 33,9 µm at the irradiation dose of 40 kGy.
A series of lanthanide and yttrium MOFs of two structural types [M2(H2O)2(nmp)2(pzc)3] (1M) and [M2(H2O)4(pzc)3]·NMP·5H2O (2M) (where M - lanthanide or yttrium cation, nmp - N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, pzc2- - 2,5-pyrazinedicarboxylate) was synthesized and characterized by single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction crystallography, TG, elemental analyses and IR-spectroscopy. The effect of lanthanide contraction has led to the fact that lanthanides at the beginning of the series (from lanthanum to gadolinium) have a structure different from the structure of lanthanides at the end of the series and yttrium (from terbium and beyond). According to PXRD patterns of the obtained samples mixed metal materials could be obtained not only as crystalline mixtures of two structure types but also as crystalline products of single structure type. Varying the ratio of lanthanides in the initial reaction mixture allowed us to obtain a wide color range of luminescence, including several near-white-light emitting samples.
Despite the drawings having been created a few decades after those lands, which had been part of the Tatar Khanate of Sibir, were annexed by the Czardom of Russia, these images very clearly illustrate representations of contemporaries of the appearance of Siberian Tatar rulers and warlords during the historical period of struggle for conservation of the Western Siberian steppe and forest-steppe lands as part of the Siberian Tatars’ State. These drawings represent depictions of significant historical episodes of connections between restoration adherents of the Tatar Khanate of Sibir with the Russian Cossacks and several Turkic and Mongolian people, who inherited contiguous steppe territories of the Central Asian historical and cultural region.

Certain historical events, illustrating an armed confrontation of Siberian Tatars, who supported Kuchum Khan in the struggle for conservation of the Siberian Tatars’ State, against military troops of the Oirats and Nogais are considered and analyzed. The studied images can serve as an important informative pictorial source on history of accession of former possessions of the Tatar Khanate of Sibir to the Russian State. It is highly probable that several artists took part in creating this set of drawings, depicting the primary events of the Western Siberian military campaign of the Cossacks’ troop, led by ataman Yermak. This argument is supported by certain stylistic differences between several drawings, included in the Brief Siberian Kungurian Chronicle. For the last years these drawings have been repeatedly published, facilitating their focused scientific study.

Despite the considered drawings having been created much later than the events depicted on them, they serve as an important informative source on the history of the Western Siberian campaign of the Cossacks’ troop, led by ataman Yermak. These drawings provide a clear overview of many historical events which took place during that period.
Many conventional biochemical assays are performed using populations of cells to determine their quantitative biomolecular profiles. However, population averages do not reflect actual physiological processes in individual cells, which occur either on short time scales or nonsynchronously. Therefore, accurate analysis at the single-cell level has become a highly attractive tool for investigating cellular content. Microfluidic chips with arrays of microwells were developed for single-cell chemical lysis in the present study. The cellular occupancy in 30-mm-diameter microwells (91.45%) was higher than that in 20-mm-diameter microwells (83.19%) at an injection flow rate of 2.8 mL/min. However, most of the occupied 20-mm-diameter microwells contained individual cells. The results of chemical lysis experiments at the single-cell level indicate that cell membranes were gradually lysed as the lysis buffer was injected; they were fully lysed after 12 s. Single-cell chemical lysis was demonstrated in the proposed microfluidic chip, which is suitable for high-throughput cell lysis.