Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
In contrast to the results of the experiments with a stable paramagnetic molecule NO

Effect of external longitudinal magnetic field on the optical Free Induction Decay (FID) from a free radical was observed for the first time. The experiments were performed on the rotational transition of hydroxyl radical OH (2Π3/2(J=1) ← 2Π3/2(J=0) at 83.8 cm-1) using the Terahertz Free Electron Laser. A longitudinal magnetic field leads to rotation of the polarization plane of the FID radiation, as well as to additional modulation of the signal intensity.

The angle of rotation of the polarization plane is large, in agreement with the theoretical predictions. The observed FID kinetics in the time domain are in semi-quantitative agreement with the modeling. This observation opens an opportunity for selective detection by polarization discrimination of weak signals of short-lived reactive paramagnetic free radicals from overwhelming signals that originate from stable non-paramagnetic species.
Flames propagating above the surface of n-butanol in mini and microchannels have been investigated experimentally. It was determined that when oxygen is used as an oxidant, the critical channel size is about 0.3 mm, and according to the estimates this corresponds to the critical size for a premixed homogeneous gas mixture. In order to understand the mechanism of flame propagation above the surface of liquid, in this study, we attempted to simulate the processes, occurring in liquid. The problem of "thermal wave" propagation in a horizontal rectangular channel, when the liquid film moves under the action of gas flow, was studied theoretically. The analysis was carried out taking into account evaporation, specific heat release, and radiation and absorption processes in the gas and on the free surface, as well as the formed zone of strong heating above the liquid film surface for low oxidant velocities in the channel. Based on data obtained, it can be concluded that at high concentration of oxygen and low oxidant velocities, the experimental value of velocity coincides with the calculated value with satisfactory accuracy.
Purpose of the study. To study the results of prepectoral reconstruction of the mammary gland after subcutaneous mastectomy for cancer with additional covering of the implant with a polypropylene mesh implant. (IPPBR) Materials and methods. Case-series of 6 patients with luminal breast cancer T1–2N0M0 aged from 34 to 47 years. IPPBR was performed after subcutaneous mastectomy (nipple sparing in 2 cases). The anterior surface of implants (Polytech, Germany) was covered with Ethicon/Johnson& Johnson (USA) simple polypropylene mesh. The mesh was fixed with interrupted absorbable sutures to the big pectoral muscle. Results. There was one successfully treated minor complication: limited skin incision necrosis. No other complications or tumor recurrences were registrated during observation period. The aesthetic results (mainly shape and volume breasts symmetry, nipples symmetry after nipple- sparing operation) were estimated as good both by surgeon and all patients. Periprosthetic connective tissue growth was minimal (grade I due to Baker’s scale) in all cases. Conclusion. The first results of the use of a simple mesh polypropylene implant in cases of breast cancer after subcutaneous mastectomy for cancer for the prevention of implant migration are encouraging. The degree of development of periprosthetic scar contracture is minimal.
OPINION article Front. Genet., 10 March 2015Sec. Genetics of Aging Volume 6 - 2015 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2015.00089
The EACTS/EACTA/EBCP Guidelines represent the views of the EACTS, the EACTA and EBCP and were produced after careful consideration of the scientific and medical knowledge and the evidence available at the time of their dating.

Health professionals are encouraged to take the EACTS, EACTA and EBCP Guidelines fully into account when exercising their clinical judgement as well as in the determination and the implementation of preventive, diagnostic or therapeutic medical strategies.

The EACTS, EACTA and EBCP Guidelines do not, in any way whatsoever, override the individual responsibility of health professionals to make appropriate and accurate decisions in consideration of each patient's health condition and, where appropriate and/or necessary, in consultation with that patient and the patient's care provider.
This article examines comparatively legislation on the public-private partnership in the countries of Eurasian Economic Union and the relationship with Model Law "On Public-Private Partnership" adopted within the framework of the Commonwealth of Independent States.

It is argued that the national acts of such countries could be improved and harmonized by developing their categorial apparatus and the extension of permissive regulation of public-private partnership. The legal qualification of an agreement on public-private partnership and other investment contracts with the participation of the State stipulated in other laws is also examined.

It is concluded that such agreements comprise not only private, but also public law elements and might be regulated in special legislation containing rules of civil and public law on the basis of balancing private and public interests in public-private partnership.
Some problems of spontaneous and gravitational baryogenesis are discussed. Gravity modification due to the curvature-dependent term in gravitational baryogenesis scenario is considered. It is shown that the interaction of baryonic fields with the curvature scalar leads to strong instability of the gravitational equations of motion and as a result to noticeable distortion of the standard cosmology.
The physical and mathematical models for the description of the detonation process in mixtures of hydrogen-oxygen, methane-oxygen and silane-air in the presence of inert nanoparticles were proposed. On the basis of these models the dependencies of detonation velocity deficit vs the size and concentration of inert nanoparticles were found.

Three regimes of detonation flows in gas suspensions of reactive gases and inert nanoparticles were revealed: - stationary propagation of weak detonation wave in the gas suspension, - galloping propagation of detonation; - destruction of the detonation process. It was determined that the mechanisms of detonation suppression by micro- and nanoparticles are closed and lies in the splitting of a detonation wave to frozen shock wave and ignition and combustion wave. Concentration limits of detonation were calculated. It turned out that in the transition from microparticles to nanoparticles the detonation suppression efficiency does not increase.
Two fundamental (meta)physical principles – NS (Non-Signalling condition which states the impossibility to communicate by means of physical correlations) and LC (the principle of Local Causality which isolates classical correlations from those responsible for non-locality) are considered in the framework of category theory. The original form of these principles operates with properties of common probability distributions for outcomes of measurements implemented in two space-time regions. The suggested category form consists of some assertions about special commutative diagrams. To any common probability distribution in the matter of discourse, an arrow (morphism) in these diagrams is associated. In fact, LC turns into the condition of the arrow being able to factor through a definite standard arrow. NS looks like uniqueness of an arrow which makes commutative a special diagram incorporating the considered arrow associated to the distribution. By means of these diagrams dual forms of NS and LC are suggested.
Because the C-ON bond homolysis rate constant k d is an essential parameter of alkoxyamine reactivity, it is especially important to tune k d without a major alteration of the structure of the molecule. Recently, several approaches have become known, e.g., protonation of functional groups and formation of metal complexes.

In this paper, coordination reactions of [Zn(hfac)2(H2O)2] with a series of new SG1-based alkoxyamines affording complexes with different structures are presented. The k d values of the complexed forms of the alkoxyamines were compared to those of free and protonated ones to reveal the contribution of the electron-withdrawing property and structure stabilization.

Together with previously published data, this work provides clues to the design of alkoxyamines that can be effectively activated upon coordination with metal ions. Furthermore, our results provide insight into the mechanism underlying the influence of complexation on the reactivity of alkoxyamines. This led us to describe different types of coordination: intramolecular in nitroxyl fragment, intramolecular in alkyl fragment, intramolecular between alkyl and nitroxyl fragment, and intermolecular one. All of them exhibit different trends which are dramatically altered by changes in conformation.
An array of superconducting islands placed on a normal metal film offers a tunable realization of nanopatterned superconductivity. This system enables investigation of the nature of competing vortex states and phase transitions between them. A square array creates the eggcrate potential in which magnetic field-induced vortices are frozen into a vortex insulator. We observed a vortex insulator-vortex metal transition driven by the applied electric current and determined critical exponents that coincided with those for thermodynamic liquid-gas transition. Our findings offer a comprehensive description of dynamic critical behavior and establish a deep connection between equilibrium and nonequilibrium phase transitions.
By means of a hollow plasma, multiple proton bunches work well in driving nonlinear plasma wakefields and accelerate electrons to the energy frontier with preserved beam quality. However, the acceleration of positrons is different because the accelerating structure is strongly charge dependent. There is a trade-off between keeping a small normalized emittance and a small energy spread. This results from the conflict that the plasma electrons, used to provide focusing to the multiple proton bunches, dilute the positron bunch. By loading an extra electron bunch to repel the plasma electrons and meanwhile reducing the plasma density slightly to shift the accelerating phase with a conducive slope to the positron bunch, the positron bunch can be accelerated to 400 GeV (40% of the driver energy) with an energy spread as low as 1% and well preserved normalized emittance. The successful generation of high quality and high energy positrons paves the way to the future energy frontier lepton colliders.
The cross section for ee+ e- → π+ π- J/ψ between 3.8 and 5.5 GeV is measured with a 967 fb(-1) data sample collected by the Belle detector at or near the Υ(nS) (n = 1,2,…,5) resonances.

The Y(4260) state is observed, and its resonance parameters are determined. In addition, an excess of π+ π- J/ψ production around 4 GeV is observed. This feature can be described by a Breit-Wigner parametrization with properties that are consistent with the Y(4008) state that was previously reported by Belle.

In a study of Y(4260) → π+ π- J/ψ decays, a structure is observed in the M(π(±)J/ψ) mass spectrum with 5.2σ significance, with mass M = (3894.5 ± 6.6 ± 4.5) MeV/c2 and width Γ = (63 ± 24 ± 26) MeV/c2, where the errors are statistical and systematic, respectively. This structure can be interpreted as a new charged charmoniumlike state.
The IWGSC strategy for construction of the reference sequence of the bread wheat genome is based on first obtaining physical maps of the individual chromosomes. Our aim is to develop and use the physical map for analysis of the organization of the short arm of wheat chromosome 5B (5BS) which bears a number of agronomically important genes, including genes conferring resistance to fungal diseases.

A physical map of the 5BS arm (290 Mbp) was constructed using restriction fingerprinting and LTC software for contig assembly of 43,776 BAC clones. SSR, ISBP and zipper markers were employed for anchoring the BAC clones, and from these 722 novel markers were developed based on previously obtained data from partial sequencing of 5BS. The markers were mapped using a set of Chinese Spring (CS) deletion lines, and F2 and RICL populations from a cross of CS and CS-5B dicoccoides. Three approaches have been used for anchoring BAC contigs on the 5BS chromosome, including clone-by-clone screening of BACs, GenomeZipper analysis, and comparison of BAC-fingerprints with in silico fingerprinting of 5B pseudomolecules of T. dicoccoides.

These approaches allowed us to reach a high level of BAC contig anchoring: 96% of 5BS BAC contigs were located on 5BS. An interesting pattern was revealed in the distribution of contigs along the chromosome. Short contigs (200–999 kb) containing markers for the regions interrupted by tandem repeats, were mainly localized to the 5BS subtelomeric block; whereas the distribution of larger 1000–3500 kb contigs along the chromosome better correlated with the distribution of the regions syntenic to rice, Brachypodium, and sorghum, as detected by the Zipper approach. The high fingerprinting quality, LTC software and large number of BAC clones selected by the informative markers in screening of the 43,776 clones allowed us to significantly increase the BAC scaffold length when compared with the published physical maps for other wheat chromosomes. The genetic and bioinformatics resources developed in this study provide new possibilities for exploring chromosome organization and for breeding applications.
We report the first observation of the hadronic transition ϒ(4S)→η^{'}ϒ(1S), using 496 fb^{-1} data collected at the ϒ(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e^{+}e^{-} collider. We reconstruct the η^{'} meson through its decays to ρ^{0}γ and to π^{+}π^{-}η, with η→γγ. We measure B(ϒ(4S)→η^{'}ϒ(1S))=[3.43±0.88(stat)±0.21(syst)]×10^{-5}, with a significance of 5.7σ.
This work presents the design and characteristics of the 700-kilovolt pulsed X-ray apparatus, based on a principally new electro-physical structure.

The main idea of this structure is that Blumlein pulse-forming system (transmission line, PFL), the primary and secondary circuit inductances and the capacitance of the secondary circuit of the Tesla transformer, running in the first half-wave occupy the same volume in space and do not impede each other. This kind of circuit design and the packing density as related to the pulse output dose is unrivalled throughout the world.

The dependences of dose on the forming line voltage, and the flash duration on the different apparatus construction are measured.
Echo detected electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) study of orientational molecular motion of nitroxide spin probes in glassy solvents was performed by evaluating the anisotropic transverse relaxation rate 1/T(2) at different positions of the EPR spectrum.

Experiments were done on nitroxides of different sizes and shapes, in different solvent glasses, with different deuteration degree, and at different temperatures.

We found that the properties of the solvent glass have a much stronger impact on the relaxation rate than the size and shape of the nitroxide have. We concluded that the anisotropic relaxation is induced by reordering of the solvent cage and not by small angle fluctuations of the nitroxide in the cage or intramolecular motion of nitroxide.
This article provides a brief analysis of the impact of various macroeconomic shocks caused by the sanctions regime and the sharp drop in oil prices from 2014 to 2018. The authors identified shocks that greater extent provoked a GDP decline and inflation increase using the constructed DSGE-model of the Russian economy and the obtained historical decomposition for the quarterly growth rates of the investigated macro-indicators. According to calculations, the inflation growth from 2014 to 2015 can be interpreted as the sum of the adverse effects from the change in household preferences, the shock in oil prices, and the negative contribution of the stabilizing monetary policy. The observed GDP decline from the second quarter of 2014 to the third quarter of 2015 is explained by the synergistic effect of monetary policy shocks and a sharp drop in oil prices.
Aim . To investigate polymorphisms of 18 genes as possible molecular genetic markers of predisposition or resistance to development of non-infective (NE) or infective endocarditis (IE). Materials and methods . The study encompassed 81 patients with NE and 94 patients with IE. The control group included 225 conditionally healthy people. Polymorphisms of 18 genes were tested using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results . For the first time, a statistically significant relationship was identified between gene polymorphisms and valvular vegetations: for genes in the hemostatic system – rs6025 (1691 G > A) of the F5 gene (AG genotype), rs1126643 (807 C > T) of the ITGA2 gene (TT genotype); for folate pathway genes – rs1805087 (2756 A > G) of the MTR gene (AG genotype) and rs11697325 (–8202 A/G) of the MMP9 gene (AA genotype) and rs2476601 (C1858T) of the PTPN22 gene (TT genotype). The protective effect of gene polymorphisms was revealed: for the NOS3 gene (4b / 4b genotype) and G (–572) C of the IL6 gene (CC genotype). For two polymorphisms, an association with thromboembolic complications in NE was revealed: rs1126643 (807 C > T) of the ITGA2 gene and rs1799889 (–675 5G > 4G) of the PAI (SERPINE1) gene. In IE, such an association was detected for the polymorphism rs11697325 (–8202 A/G) of the MMP- 9 gene. Conclusion . The polymorphisms of candidate genes were revealed, that are associated with the clinical and hemostasiological characteristics of IE and NE. In NE, for the first time, the association with thromboembolic complications was identified for two polymorphisms: rs1126643 (807 C > T) of the ITGA2 gene and rs1799889 (– 675 5G > 4G) of the PAI-1 (SERPINE1) gene. In IE, such a relationship was detected for one polymorphism – rs11697325 (8202 A/G) of the MMP-9 gene.
We announce the second edition of the Aerospace geological map of the Olkhon Region (Baikal, Russia), scale 1:40 000, which was published in 2017. The map has been considerably revised and updated, and its changes are critical for correct understanding of the regional geology, tectonics and geodynamics. Only a small number of its printed copies have been released, and therefore the map may not be available for all interested specialists. The electronic version of the map is available for studying and/or printing (see the link to its pdf file in the paper's supplement). The pdf file is about 68 MB, i.e. small compared to the original map (more than 5 GB), but the quality is maintained. The map does not show the base layer due to the terms of the licenses owned by the companies and satellite owners.
The latest vaccination campaign has actualized the potential impact of antigenic stimuli on reproductive functions.

To address this, we mimicked vaccination's effects by administering keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) to CD1 male mice and used their sperm for in vitro fertilization (IVF). Two-cell embryos after IVF with spermatozoa from control (C) or KLH-treated (Im) male mice were transferred to surrogate mothers mated with vasectomized control (C) or KLH-treated (Im) male mice, resulting in four experimental groups: C-C, Im-C, C-Im, and Im-Im.

The pre-implantation losses were significantly lower in the Im-C group than in the C-Im group. At the same time, the resorption rates reduced markedly in the C-Im compared to the Im-C group. Embryo and placenta weights were significantly higher in the Im-Im group. Although the GM-CSF levels were lower in the amniotic fluid of the gestating surrogate mothers in the Im-Im group, they were strongly correlated with embryo mass. The number-size trade-off was only significant in the Im-Im group. This suggests a positive, cooperative effect of spermatozoa and seminal fluid from immune-primed males on embryo growth and the optimal distribution of surrogate mother maternal resources despite the negative impact of males' antigenic challenge on the IVF success rate.
Large-eddy simulations of the swirling annular jet flow are performed in a model of a combustion chamber at two different flow regimes with and without the central jet at Re = 5000. The mesh convergence study provides well-described time-averaged statistics even for a coarse mesh, while small-scale features are only resolved after a proper refinement. The central jet is shown to significantly modify the recirculation bubble and partially suppress the precessing vortex core.
Tilia sibirica and T. nasczokinii are considered to be endemic Siberian linden species. They have very small distributions located hundreds to thousands of kilometers away from other lindens. It is unclear how closely these species are related to the widespread Tilia cordata: according to the current hypotheses, they could be pre-Pleistocene relicts or remnants of the recent continuous range of T. cordata that existed during the Holocene climatic optimum. Earlier studies detected significant differences between T. sibirica, T. nasczokinii, and T. cordata in microsatellite loci, but not in plastid sequences. Here we performed a phylogenetic analysis of several linden species based on GBS data. The obtained GBS sequences were assembled to create phylogenetic trees based on 16,000–294,000 variable sites. We found that T. cordata and the two putative Siberian species formed a monophyletic group. It consisted of three clades: the basal clade containing specimens from the Caucasus, and two sister clades representing populations from the East European Plains+the Urals and Siberia, respectively. Neither of the Siberian species was related to the Far Eastern T. amurensis, as was hypothesized earlier. Our study suggests that the colonization of Europe and Siberia after the Last Glacial Maximum occurred from different glacial refugia.
We are concerned with the problem of charge transport in a 2D silicon MOSFET transistor occupying a domain Ω with a silicon oxide nanochannel occupying a domain ΩG.

After proposing an additional boundary condition for the electric potential on the common boundary of the domains Ω and ΩG we design two numerical algorithms for funding approximate solutions of this problem. The first algorithm is a new one and uses interpolation polynomials of spline-collocation and the sweep method. The second algorithm is based on the well-known longitudinal-transverse sweep (l.t.s.) method.

By using these algorithms we obtain graphs of stationary solutions of our problem. We also compare the workability and efficiency of the proposed algorithms for various values of parameters.
The article focuses on the inequality based on disabilities. The analysis includes dynamics of social statuses of people with and without disabilities as well as their comparison with reference to current social policies. The research is based on the RLMS-HSE data. The comparative analysis of social positions of people with and without disabilities has allowed identifying the inequalities in many significant areas of life (education, labor activities, etc.). The analysis also shows that there are people with disabilities who do not feel discriminated; they take responsibility for their own lives, and have a positive view of themselves. The author gives an attempt to compare this social group with other social exclusion groups.