Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
It was proposed that the last universal common ancestor (LUCA) evolved under high temperatures in an oxygen-free environment, similar to those found in deep-sea vents and on volcanic slopes. Therefore, spontaneous DNA decay, such as base loss and cytosine deamination, was the major factor affecting LUCA’s genome integrity. Cosmic radiation due to Earth’s weak magnetic field and alkylating metabolic radicals added to these threats. Here, we propose that ancient forms of life had only two distinct repair mechanisms: versatile apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonucleases to cope with both AP sites and deaminated residues, and enzymes catalyzing the direct reversal of UV and alkylation damage. The absence of uracil–DNA N-glycosylases in some Archaea, together with the presence of an AP endonuclease, which can cleave uracil-containing DNA, suggests that the AP endonuclease-initiated nucleotide incision repair (NIR) pathway evolved independently from DNA glycosylase-mediated base excision repair. NIR may be a relic that appeared in an early thermophilic ancestor to counteract spontaneous DNA damage. We hypothesize that a rise in the oxygen level in the Earth’s atmosphere ~2 Ga triggered the narrow specialization of AP endonucleases and DNA glycosylases to cope efficiently with a widened array of oxidative base damage and complex DNA lesions.
To date, a large amount of retrospectively collected data about treatment of neurosurgical pathology have been accumulated. Modern methods of medical statistics are necessary for correct interpretation of the data. The article purpose is to demonstrate application of one of the modern methods, Propensity Score Matching (PSM), in neurosurgery. The use of PSM avoids misinterpretation of retrospectively collected data and obviates errors in planning further prospective studies. For the past 10 years, the number of published international PSM-based studies has increased more than 10-fold, with the number of articles by Russian authors accounting for less than 0.2%. In line with the tendencies of international studies, application of PSM in analysis of retrospectively collected data will enable testing of a number of hypotheses and correct planning of prospective randomized studies.В настоящее время накоплен большой объем ретроспективно собранных данных при лечении нейрохирургической патологии. Для его корректной интерпретации необходимо применение современных методов медицинской статистики. Цель работы - продемонстрировать применение одного из современных методов, обеспечивающих подбор больных по индексу соответствия (Propensity Score Matching, PSM) в области нейрохирургии. Результаты и обсуждение. Использование метода PSM позволяет избежать неверной интерпретации ретроспективно собранных данных и ошибок при планировании дальнейших проспективных исследований. За последние 10 лет количество опубликованных международных исследований, использующих метод PSM, выросло более чем в 10 раз, при этом количество статей с участием российских авторов составляет менее 0,2%. В соответствии с тенденциями международных научных исследований использование метода PSM при анализе ретроспективно собранных данных позволит проверить ряд гипотез и корректно планировать проспективные рандомизированные исследования.
The control system of the X-ray complex LIA-20 is based on the Tango Controls framework. Data archiving subsystem HDB++ was improved during the work for efficient storage of waveforms. PostgreSQL DBMS support as a storage was added. PostgreSQL extension “pguint” for unsigned numbers support was modified to support the binary transfer mode during this work. Performance testing of the modified “pguint” extension and the new DBMS interface was performed. This solution allowed to significantly increase the performance of HDB++, reduce the amount of data stored in the database, as well as remove restrictions on the size of the stored data.
The phenomenon of a remarkable conservation of the X chromosome in eutherian mammals has been first described by Susumu Ohno in 1964. A notable exception is the cetartiodactyl X chromosome, which varies widely in morphology and G-banding pattern between species. It is hypothesized that this sex chromosome has undergone multiple rearrangements that changed the centromere position and the order of syntenic segments over the last 80 million years of Cetartiodactyla speciation.

To investigate its evolution we have selected 26 evolutionarily conserved bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones from the cattle CHORI-240 library evenly distributed along the cattle X chromosome. High-resolution BAC maps of the X chromosome on a representative range of cetartiodactyl species from different branches: pig (Suidae), alpaca (Camelidae), gray whale (Cetacea), hippopotamus (Hippopotamidae), Java mouse-deer (Tragulidae), pronghorn (Antilocapridae), Siberian musk deer (Moschidae), and giraffe (Giraffidae) were obtained by fluorescent in situ hybridization. To trace the X chromosome evolution during fast radiation in specious families, we performed mapping in several cervids (moose, Siberian roe deer, fallow deer, and Pere David's deer) and bovid (muskox, goat, sheep, sable antelope, and cattle) species.

We have identified three major conserved synteny blocks and rearrangements in different cetartiodactyl lineages and found that the recently described phenomenon of the evolutionary new centromere emergence has taken place in the X chromosome evolution of Cetartiodactyla at least five times. We propose the structure of the putative ancestral cetartiodactyl X chromosome by reconstructing the order of syntenic segments and centromere position for key groups.
Let [Formula: see text], respectively [Formula: see text] denote the virtual, respectively welded, braid group on [Formula: see text]-strands.

We study their commutator subgroups [Formula: see text] and, [Formula: see text], respectively. We obtain a set of generators and defining relations for these commutator subgroups.

In particular, we prove that [Formula: see text] is finitely generated if and only if [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] is finitely generated for [Formula: see text]. Also, we prove that [Formula: see text] and for [Formula: see text] the commutator subgroups [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are perfect, i.e. the commutator subgroup is equal to the second commutator subgroup.
Distinct letters x and y alternate in a word w if after deleting in w all letters but the copies of x and y we either obtain a word of the form xyxy • • • (of even or odd length) or a word of the form yxyx • • • (of even or odd length).A simple graph G = (V, E) is word-representable if there exists a word w over the alphabet V such that letters x and y alternate in w if and only if xy is an edge in E. Thus, edges of G are defined by avoiding the consecutive pattern 11 in a word representing G, that is, by avoiding xx and yy.In 2017, Jeff Remmel introduced the notion of a k-11-representable graph for a nonnegative integer k, which generalizes the notion of a word-representable graph.Under this representation, edges of G are defined by containing at most k occurrences of the consecutive pattern 11 in a word representing G. Thus, word-representable graphs are precisely 0-11-representable graphs.Our key result in this paper is showing that every graph is 2-11-representable by a concatenation of permutations, which is rather surprising taking into account that concatenation of permutations has limited power in the case of 0-11-representation.Also, we show that the class of word-representable graphs, studied intensively in the literature, is contained strictly in the class of 1-11representable graphs.Another result that we prove is the fact that the class of interval graphs is precisely the class of 1-11-representable graphs that can be represented by uniform words containing two copies of each letter.This result can be compared with the known fact that the class of circle graphs is precisely the class of 0-11-representable
An analysis of the decay ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}J/\ensuremath{\psi}{K}^{*}(892{)}^{0}$ is presented using data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $1.0\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, collected in $pp$ collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV with the LHCb detector.

The polarization amplitudes and the corresponding phases are measured to be $|{A}_{\ensuremath{\parallel}}{|}^{2}=0.227\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.004\text{ }(\mathrm{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.011\text{ }(\mathrm{syst})$, $|{A}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}{|}^{2}=0.201\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.004\text{ }(\mathrm{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.008\text{ }(\mathrm{syst})$, ${\ensuremath{\delta}}_{\ensuremath{\parallel}}[\mathrm{rad}]=\ensuremath{-}2.94\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02\text{ }(\mathrm{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03\text{ }(\mathrm{syst})$, and ${\ensuremath{\delta}}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}[\mathrm{rad}]=2.94\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02\text{ }(\mathrm{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02\text{ }(\mathrm{syst})$.

Comparing ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}J/\ensuremath{\psi}{K}^{*}(892{)}^{0}$ and ${\overline{B}}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}J/\ensuremath{\psi}{\overline{K}}^{*}(892{)}^{0}$ decays, no evidence for direct $CP$ violation is found.
This work deals with the analysis of mechanism of nanostructured composite formation at joint electric-arc spraying of graphite electrodes with addition of various elements.

It is shown that the morphology of nanoparticles, formed at condensation of carbon vapors with the additive elements that have similar pressures of saturated vapors, can vary significantly.

This difference is explained by chemical interaction of an additive element with the carbon matrix.
Objective To establish the dynamics of the relationship to the prevention of cardiovascular disease, awareness, attitude to their health for 32 years (1984 -2016 yy.) In the open population among males 25-44 years in Russia / Siberia (Novosibirsk).

Methods Within the framework of WHO’s MONICA-psychosocial program random representative samples of the male population aged 25-64 years in Novosibirsk were examined: 1984-85 (n = 753); 1988-89 (n = 739); 1994-95 (n = 657); 2013-2016 (n = 427), used the ’Knowledge and attitude to one’s health’ scale.

Results During the observation period from 1984 to 2016, the number of men 25-44 years old believed that they are ’healthy’ or have ’good health’, but at the same time, the number of those who believe that their health they care clearly is not enough. Most men were of the opinion that a healthy person can develop a serious illness within the next 5-10 years. The number of those who believed that preventive measures will help to avoid some serious diseases has increased. Men began to stop working more often, if they did not feel well, the number of those who reduced their work and had a rest increased. The number of men has grown, who believe that a preventive health check is useful and who has started to observe proper nutrition. The number of men who smoke has decreased. Conclusions The dynamics of attitude towards the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, awareness, attitude to their health for 32 years indicates that at present health has become a value dominant due to a new understanding of the importance of health in terms of adapting to modern economic requirements. Key messages The purpose of our study was to study the dynamics of awareness and attitudes towards one’s health for 32 years (from 1984 to 2016) in an open population of working-age men 25–44 years old.
Mammalian embryonic stem cells (ESC) have a number of specific properties that make them a unique object of fundamental and applied studies. In culture, ESC can remain in an infinitely undifferentiated state and differentiate into descendants of all three germ layers - ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm - that is, they can potentially produce more than 200 cell types comprising the body of an adult mammal. These properties of ESC are refered to as self-renewal and pluripotency. In this review, the basic signal pathways implicated in the maintenance of ESC pluripotency are considered. The major genes comprising a subsystem of "internal regulators of pluripotency," their protein products and regulators, are characterized, and interaction with other factors is described as well. The role of epigenetic mechanisms and microRNAs in the system of ESC self-renewal and pluripotency, as well as the relationship between pluripotency and X-chromosome inactivation in female mammals, is discussed.
We provide a Finslerian extension of the Schwarzschild metric based on heuristic arguments.

The proposed metric asymptotically approaches not the Minkowski space-time but the Bogoslovsky locally anisotropic spacetime

which arises naturally as a deformation of very special relativity.
This article observes the main trends in the diagnosis of non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis, which have been observed in world practice recently. From a practical point of view, one of the most significant events was the introduction of a new term "metabolically associated fatty liver disease" (MAFLD), which partly replaced the previously used term "primary non-alcoholic fatty liver disease".

The new nomenclature induces clear diagnostic criteria for MAFLD, and this disease has ceased to be a diagnosis of exclusion, as a result. In the near future, the practical aspects of the application of this nomenclature and new diagnostic criteria are to be evaluated. The second important trend is the increasing role of direct serum markers of liver fibrosis in the diagnosis and prognosis of MAFLD. Thus, collagen type 3 propeptide (PRO-C3), as well as M2BPGi (Mac2 Binding Proteine Glycosylation isomer), look very promising, since research data have demonstrated a higher diagnostic value of these markers in comparison with indirect fibrosis indices, which are most often used in clinical practice. In addition, the search continues for new direct serum markers of fibrosis, which would be more sensitive for detecting liver fibrosis of stages 1-2.

In general, one should expect a gradual replacement by serological markers of fibrosis of technically more complex and expensive diagnostic methods, such as magnetic resonance elastography and fibroelastometry.
An important element of the set of works to determine the degree of impact of radiation contaminated territory on the environment and public health is the conduct of ecological-genetic and medical-biological research in the region. Current publication is based on the results of scientific research to analyze the current state of the habitat in radiation-contaminated territories. Genetic impact of the combined effect of radiation and non-radiation factors, unlike other mutagens, have not been studied sufficiently, and the results of this kind of research are rather contradictory.

Research data obtained using modern physico-chemical (AA-spectrometry, radiology), cytological and molecular-genetic methods are presented wuth a complex of test systems in order to fully assess the effectiveness of the combined action of radiation and non-radiation factors. Observations in the field and lab facilitate establishing a previously unknown fact that complexes of soil animals with chronic irradiation with doses of 0.5-20 mSv/day experience clearly recorded oppression. Especially sensitive are earthworms Eisenia fetida. The quantitative dependence of the spectrum of structural and numerical aberrations of chromosomes was studied.

The frequency of cells with chromosome aberrations averages 2.4%. Both structural (93.6%) and numerical aberrations (6.4%) of chromosomes were revealed. Among the cells with chromosome structure disorders, chromosomal type aberrations (67.04%) prevailed over chromatid (32.95%), which indicates a predominant radiation exposure.
The paper proposes a pattern recognition method using a modification of the class of logical decision functions presented in the form of decision tree. Instead of standard statements corresponding to the tree nodes, in which a variable is tested for a certain set of its values, a more general type of statements is used regarding the similarity of the point in question to different subsets of the observations. At the same time, to determine the degree of similarity, various metrics and subspaces of features can be used. This type of decision tree allows one to obtain more complex decision boundaries, which at the same time have a clear logical interpretation for the user. Several tree induction strategies are considered based on data transformation using support points selected with Relief, SVM, and k -means procedures. The method is experimentally investigated on the problem of tomographic images analysis, as well as on several synthetic datasets. Experiments have shown that the proposed method gives more accurate predictions than CART, SVM, kNN classifiers and deep convolutional neural network (AlexNet).
The primary role of apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease APE1 in human cells is the cleavage of the sugar-phosphate backbone 5′ to an AP-site in DNA to produce a single-strand break with a 5′-deoxyribose phosphate and 3′-hydroxyl end groups. APE1 can also recognise and incise some damaged or modified nucleotides as well as possesses some minor activities: 3′-5′ exonuclease, 3′-phosphodiesterase, 3′-phosphatase and RNase H. A molecular explanation for the discrimination of structurally different substrates by the single active site of the enzyme remains elusive.

Here we report a mechanism of target nucleotide recognition by APE1 as revealed by the results of an analysis of the APE1 process involving damaged DNA and native RNA substrates with non-canonical structures.

The mechanism responsible for substrate specificity proved to be directly related to the ability of a target nucleotide to get into the active site of APE1 in response to an enzyme-induced DNA distortion. It was found for the first time that APE1 can cleave even undamaged DNA within non-B-form structures thereby strongly supporting the identified mechanism of target nucleotide recognition.
Социально-экономическая основа формирования новосибирского Аэротрополиса Г. В. Ждан 1 , В. В. Иванова 1, 2 , Т. В. Сумская 1, 3 , А. А. Шевелев 1 1 Институт экономики и организации промышленного производства СО РАН 2 Новосибирский национальный исследовательский государственный университет 3 Новосибирский государственный университет экономики и управления Новосибирск, Россия Аннотация Рассматриваются базовые условия формирования Аэротрополиса в районе аэропорта Толмачево Новосибирской области в сравнении с мировым опытом развития приаэропортовых урбанизированных районов.Проанализирован социально-экономический потенциал муниципальных образований, включенных в зону новосибирского Аэротрополиса, выявлены резервы развития территории.Выделены те направления развития территории вокруг аэропорта Толмачево, которые наиболее характерны для мировых тенденций развития подобных территорий: транспортная инфраструктура, объекты логистики, бизнес и медицинские центры, отели
Проведены палеосейсмологические исследования в пределах Яломанского грабена (Горный Алтай).В нижнем течении р.Малый Яломан и р.Иня выявлено шесть разрезов четвертичных отложений с присутствующими в них сейсмогенными деформациями (сейсмитами).Следы древних землетрясений сконцентрированы на двух возрастных уровнях: (1) позднеплейстоценовый, (2) голоценовый.Следы крупного голоценового землетрясения на одном стратиграфическом уровне прослежены на расстоянии 7 км.В качестве механизмов образования сейсмитов следует рассматривать хрупкое разрушение, разжижение и флюидизацию.Типы сейсмогенных деформаций и их размеры позволяют утверждать, что в пределах Яломанского грабена и
Two types of the karyomorphs in the katydid Mecopoda elongata (L.) from Borneo (Malaysia) and Amami Is. (Japan) were found. The chromosomal complement of M. elongata from Amami Is. and one karyomorph from Borneo (Kota Kinabalu – song 1) consists of 28 autosomes plus the X in the male (2n = 29). In two long pairs, pair L1 is metacentric, whereas pair L2 is subacrocentric. Other autosomes are meta or submetacentric. The size and shape of the X chromosome is similar to the L1 pair. “Kota Kinabalu - song-2” karyomorph has the same chromosome number as “KK song-1” and “Amami”. However, in “KK song-2” the autosomes belonging to L2 pair are metacentric. The size of these chromosomes is approximately similar to the L1 pair and the X chromosome.

The discrete chromosome differentiation in M. elongata suggest that this species consists of several biological species. In M. elongata from Borneo, the assumption of a belonging of two groups of the karyomorphs to different species proves to be true also in differences in crepitating.
We report a search for B0 decays into invisible final states using a data sample of 657×106 B¯¯¯B pairs collected at the Υ(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB e+e− collider. The signal is identified by fully reconstructing a hadronic decay of the accompanying B meson and requiring no other particles in the event. No significant signal is observed, and we obtain an upper limit of 1.3×10−4 at the 90% confidence level for the branching fraction of invisible B0 decay.Received 26 June 2012DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.86.032002© 2012 American Physical Society
A subgroup H of a group G is said to be pronormal in G if H and Hg are conjugate in for every g \in G. Some problems in finite group theory, combinatorics, and permutation group theory were solved in terms of pronormality. In 2012, E. Vdovin and the third author conjectured that the subgroups of odd index are pronormal in finite simple groups.

In this paper we disprove their conjecture and discuss a recent progress in the classification of finite simple groups in which the subgroups of odd index are pronormal.

In this paper we disprove their conjecture and discuss a recent progress in the classification of finite simple groups in which the subgroups of odd index are pronormal.
The food-borne liver fluke Opisthorchis felineus is an epidemiologically important species and the causative agent of opisthorchiasis across an extensive territory of Eurasia. For decades, treatment of opisthorchiasis has been based on praziquantel. Tribendimidine could be an alternative drug that has been successfully tested for Opisthorchis viverrini and Clonorchis sinensis infections. We aimed to assess tribendimidine effects in comparison with praziquantel in vivo and in vitro against the liver fluke Opisthorchis felineus. In this study we (i) calculated half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) by motility tests against O. felineus adults and newly excysted metacercarie after tribendimidine treatment in vitro; (ii) determined whether tribendimidine and PZQ effects on adult liver flukes are dependent on or mediated by white blood cells; and (iii) tested in vivo the anthelmintic activity of tribendimidine on juvenile and adult worms. We found that the efficiency of tribendimidine in vitro was similar (IC50 = 0.23 μM for newly excysted metacercariae and 0.19 μM for adult worms) to that of praziquantel (IC50 0.98 μM for newly excysted metacercariae and 0.47 μM for adult worms). The treatment of adult worms in vivo with praziquantel or tribendimidine at 400 mg/kg resulted in a 76% and 77.2% reduction, respectively, in the worm burden during chronic infection. The differences between WBR values after PZQ and TBN treatment were not significant, thus tribendimidine was as effective as praziquantel against O. felineus liver flukes. Given the broad-spectrum activity of tribendimidine and efficacy against O. felineus, this drug may be a promising candidate for the treatment of opisthorchiasis felinea and other liver fluke infections.