Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
The study aims to evaluate the effect of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) on the demyelination and astrogliosis using the cuprizone murine model. Demyelination was induced in 14 adult male mice by 0.3% cuprizone in drinking water. Five animals from the cuprizone-treated group received subcutaneous injections of IGF-1. Seven animals were used as a control group. The extent of demyelination was evaluated as a decrease in the size of the corpus callosum on T2-weighted images that were received using an 11.7T animal MRI scanner. Brain sections were immunohistochemically stained for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a marker of astrocytes. It was revealed that the cuprizone caused extensive demyelination and astroglyosis. IGF-1 treatment restored the size of the corpus callosum and the number of astrocytes in the corpus callosum and the anterior commissure to the control level.
In the paper, we present the Budker Institute long term plans for laying the plasma physics database for an advanced fuel fusion reactor based on the axisymmetric linear magnetic trap.

The general approach to development of the reactor utilizes the idea that confinement of a plasma with the highest pressure can be obtained in a linear device with multi-mirror end sections attached at both ends to suppress the axial plasma losses. To develop the required database a stepwise approach is applied, which suggests construction of the several experimental devices with progressively increasing plasma parameters, which incorporate the different constituents of the approach.

Ultimately, after successfully proving the ideas in the experiments, a prototype of the reactor will be constructed in the Budker Institute.
The prevalence of hadronic jets at the LHC requires that a deep understanding of jet formation and structure is achieved in order to reach the highest levels of experimental and theoretical precision. There have been many measurements of jet substructure at the LHC and previous colliders, but the targeted observables mix physical effects from various origins. Based on a recent proposal to factorize physical effects, this Letter presents a double-differential cross-section measurement of the Lund jet plane using $139\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of $\sqrt{s}=13\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}$ proton-proton collision data collected with the ATLAS detector using jets with transverse momentum above 675 GeV. The measurement uses charged particles to achieve a fine angular resolution and is corrected for acceptance and detector effects. Several parton shower Monte Carlo models are compared with the data. No single model is found to be in agreement with the measured data across the entire plane.
In this work, we traced structural transformations of an Al62.5Cu25Fe12.5 alloy, in which a quasicrystalline icosahedral phase (i-phase) can be formed, upon spraying onto a substrate and consolidation from the powder into the bulk state. The Al62.5Cu25Fe12.5 powder was obtained by gas atomization and consisted of i-phase and ?-phase AlCu(Fe). The powder was detonation sprayed (DS) and consolidated by spark plasma sintering (SPS)/hot pressing (HP). During DS, the particles experienced partial or complete melting and rapid solidification, which resulted in the formation of coatings of a complex structure. The composite regions containing i-phase were inherited from the powder alloy. The fraction of the material that experienced melting solidified as ?-phase AlFe(Cu) in the coating. It was suggested that the difficulty of obtaining i-phase upon post-spray annealing is related to aluminum depletion of the alloy during DS. During SPS and HP, the elemental composition of the alloy was preserved, while the exposure to an elevated temperature led to phase homogenization. SPS and HP conducted at 700?C resulted in full densification and the formation of a single-phase quasicrystalline alloy. The sintered single-phase alloy showed a higher microhardness in comparison with the DS coatings.
The development of 1D instability of a detonation wave is numerically simulated for a two-stage chemical model. The shock-fitting approach is employed to track the leading detonation front. In order to determine its motion, the equation for the acceleration of the shock wave derived from the Rankine-Hugoniot conditions and the characteristic relations is integrated along with the reactive Euler equations. The fifth-order WENO scheme is used, time stepping is performed with the four-stage Runge-Kutta-Gill method. It is shown that in a certain range of parameters of the problem (the degree of overdrive f, the dissociation energy Ed and the activation energy Ea), the Zeldovich-Neumann-Döring stationary solution is unstable with respect to 1D disturbances. The evolution of disturbances at later nonlinear stages is studied. Nonlinear saturation of the growth of disturbances leads to the formation of a stable limit cycle. When changing the parameters of the problem, the period doubling bifurcation can occur leading to the appearance of pulsations with two different maxima of the amplitude.
The spatiotemporal distribution of the temperature inside a constantan foil during impacting spray is resolved experimentally in the present work. The received infrared image sequence will be used to find the local and average heat transfer coefficient of the foil.

In the future, the results obtained will be used to calculate the heat flux in the region of the contact line of each drop.
We report on Large-eddy simulations (LES) of a flow around a cylinder in a narrow duct channel (slot) at the Reynolds number 3750 based on the bulk velocity and the diameter of the cylinder. Secondary streamwise vortical structures in the far wake are investigated appearing near the mixing layer at the midplane and near the duct channel surface. We investigate the correlation between the heat flux and friction velocity fluctuations and evaluate the propagation speed of these disturbances, which appears to be different.
The geodynamic development of the north–western (Arctic) margin of the Siberian craton is comprehensively analyzed for the first time based on our database as well as on the analysis of published material, from Precambrian-Paleozoic and Mesozoic folded structures to the formation of the Mesozoic-Cenozoic Yenisei-Khatanga sedimentary basin.

We identify the main stages of the region’s tectonic evolution related to collision and accretion processes, mainly subduction and rifting. It is demonstrated that the prototype of the Yenisei-Khatanga basin was a wide late Paleozoic foreland basin that extended from Southern Taimyr to the Tunguska syneclise and deepened towards Taimyr. The formation of the Yenisei-Khatanga basin, as well as of the West-Siberian basin, was due to continental rifting in the Permian-Triassic.

The study describes the main oil and gas generating deposits of the basin, which are mainly Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous mudstones. It is shown that the Lower Cretaceous deposits contain 90% of known hydrocarbon reserves. These are mostly stacked reservoirs with gas, gas condensate and condensate with rims. The study also presents data on oil and gas reservoirs, plays and seals in the Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous complexes.
The well-known evidence of Sextus Empiricus in Adv. Math. 7.65–87 is one of the two major evidence about Gorgias's treatise "On Not-Being or On Nature" along with "De Melisso Xenophane Gorgia".

The paper offers the analyses of the persuasive structure is this passage and discusses the arguments, which Sextus and, presumably, Gorgias use in this treatise.

Also the paper compares formal persuasive structure of Gorgias' treatise as it presented in Adv. Math., on the one hand, and MXG, on the other.
The work is devoted to the theoretical analysis of viscous properties in heterogeneous media.

The viscous term in the initial stochastic Stokes system is averaged. A number of averaging methods based on different mathematical principles are presented: statistical, variational method, self-consistency method. Their main provisions are indicated. The importance of the hypothesis about the body of comparison is shown. On its basis, the presented methods yield identical effective viscosity coefficients. Asymptotic expansions in terms of the phase parameters are performed, as a result of which the concepts of the carrier phase and the structural phase transition are manifested.

A comparison with experiment is made.
Los ejemplares de Dickinsonia de los Urales Centrales se caracterizan por una clara simetría bilateral. Tomando en cuenta las observaciones de especímenes australianos, consideramos que la llamada'simetría de reflexión por deslizamiento' en estos fósiles es un fenómeno tafonómico.

El gráfico de distribución de frecuencias de tamaño muestra el predominio de individuos juveniles en la población estudiada de Dickinsonia de los Urales Centrales. Asumiendo que la edad de un individuo se manifiesta por su tamaño, existe un predominio significativo de individuos juveniles en la población.

Se pueden prever tres escenarios posibles: (1) la población tiene un gran número de individuos juveniles como resultado de la alta tasa de supervivencia en la zona intermareal; (2) la población está dominada por formas juveniles porque está enterrada inmediatamente después de la eclosión; (3) suponiendo que Dickinsonia fuera un organismo móvil activo, la abundancia de individuos juveniles podría explicarse por su incapacidad para escapar del entierramiento; y (4) la población podría interpretarse como un 'lugar de nidificación' fosilizado para Dickinsonia en la zona intermareal, donde las formas juveniles maduraron antes de migrar a la zona submareal. La población de estudio puede caracterizarse como en expansión o estable; por lo tanto, el entorno intermareal puede describirse como favorable para estos organismos.
Purpose of the study : the aim of this work is to assess the association of 7 SNPs (rs499818 of the PHACTR1 gene, rs619203 of the ROS1 gene, rs10757278 (xr. 9), rs1376251 of the TAS2R50 gene, rs2549513 (xp. 16), rs4804611 of the ZNF627 gene and rs17465637 гена MIA3 ) with the severity of myocardial infarction. M aterials and methods. Three samples were taken as objects of research. A population sample of patients with non-fatal MI (200 people: men – 129, women – 71), a sample of participants in the HAPIEE project with developed MI during the study (94 people: men – 56, women – 38). A sample of patients with myocardial infarction admitted to the intensive care unit of the city clinical hospital № 1. The sample size was 159 people (112 men, 47 women). The following SNPs were taken into the study: rs499818 (xp. 6), rs619203 of the ROS1 gene, rs10757278 (xr. 9), rs1376251 of the TAS2R50 gene, rs2549513 (xr. 16), rs4804611 of the ZNF627 gene and rs174653. To assess the association of SNP and the severity of the disease, we compared a population sample of patients with non-fatal MI versus a joint group from a sample of HAPIEE project participants with developed MI during the study, and a sample of MI patients admitted to the intensive care unit of City Clinical Hospital No 1. Results. For two SNPs, statistically significant differences in genotype frequencies were obtained: rs10757278 AA vs AG + GG OR = 0.61 CI 0.39–0.94; p = 0.027 and rs619203 of the ROS1 gene in a group of men for genotype GG vs CG + CCOS = 0.59 CI 0.37–0.94; p = 0.033. C onclusions. The associations of seven SNPs were studied, which, according to international studies, are associated with the risk of development, poor prognosis and the severity of myocardial infarction in the population of residents of the city of Novosibirsk. Two SNPs (rs10757278 and rs619203) were identified, which are associated with the severity of myocardial infarction.
In this work, thin films of tetrafluorosubstituted zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPcF 4 ) were deposited by organic molecular beam deposition and studied to reveal the effects of F-substituents on the ZnPcF 4 single crystals and thin films structure.

A combination of spectral ellipsometry, atomic force microscopy and diffraction techniques has been used to elucidate the structural features and molecular orientation of thin films of ZnPcF 4 . Structural features of the films grown by coevaporation of ZnPc and ZnPcF 4 (1:1) were also considered.

Both ZnPcF 4 and ZnPc/ZnPcF 4 films have a preferred orientation along (001) plane with inclination angle of molecules relative to the substrate surface equal to 80° and the lower degree of crystallinity compared to the ZnPc film.
Dispersal of Homo sapiens across the globe during the last 200,000 years was accompanied by adaptation to local climatic conditions, with severe winter temperatures being probably one of the most significant selective forces. The TRPM8 gene codes for a cold-sensing ion channel, and adaptation to low temperatures is the major determinant of its molecular evolution.

Here, our aim was to search for signatures of cold climate adaptation in TRPM8 gene using a combined data set of 19 populations of East Asian ancestry from the 1000 Genomes Project and Human Genome Diversity Project. Additionally, to assist in interpreting the nominal associations, the other markers reached, we performed SNP prioritization based on functional evidences found in literature and on evolutionary conservativeness.

As a result, out of a total of 60 markers under study, none showed significant association with the average winter temperatures at the locations of the studied populations considering the multiple testing thresholds. This might suggest that the principal mode of TRPM8 evolution may be different from widespread models, where adaptive alleles are additive, dominant or recessive, at least in populations with the predominant East Asian component. For example, evolution by means of selectively preferable epistatic interactions among amino acids may have taken place. Despite the lack of strong signals of association, however, a very promising single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was found. The SNP rs7577262 is considered the best candidate based on its allelic correlations with winter temperatures, signatures of selective sweep and physiological evidences. The second top SNP, rs17862920, may participate in adaptation as well.
The magnetic field violates the time-reversal invariance.

The theory of magnetoresistance of the edge state of a two-dimensional topological insulator is developed. Magnetoresistance arises due to the energy gap opened by a magnetic field parallel to the sample surface. The combined action of impurities and the magnetic field causes backscattering of edge electrons.

Although impurities are necessary for scattering, sufficiently strong interaction with impurities leads to the suppression of backscattering.
The thermokinetic data on the process of oxidation, of NH4VO3 + HOCH2CH2OH modified ASD-4 powder have been obtained by the TG and DSC methods during heating in air up to 1473 K at a rate of 10 K / min.

The process of phase formation was studied directly during oxidation of the modified ASD-4 powder under similar conditions by the X-ray diffraction method using a synchrotron radiation from the VEPP-3 station of Channel 4 on the basis of equipment available at ISSCM SB RAS.

It was found that oxidation of the activated powders is shifted into the low temperature region. Two modifiers: NH4VO3 + HOCH2CH2OH and previously examined V2O5 nH2O were compared.
We study a possibility of laser cooling of 24Mg atoms in deep optical lattice formed by intense off-resonant laser field in a presence of cooling field resonant to narrow (3s3s) 1S0 → (3s3p)3P1 (λ = 457 nm) optical transition. For description of laser cooling with taking into account quantum recoil effects we consider two quantum models. The first one is based on direct numerical solution of quantum kinetic equation for atom density matrix and the second one is simplified model based on decomposition of atom density matrix over vibration states in the lattice wells. We search cooling field intensity and detuning for minimum cooling energy and fast laser cooling.
This paper provides a brief overview of the existing definitions of a stiff system of differential equations. Further, on the example of the accepted scheme of chemical transformations of the catalytic isomerization process of the pentane-hexane fraction, the stiffness of the system of differential equations was studied. In the course of the work, a method for studying the direct kinetic problem for stiffness is presented. In the Matlab software, the results of solving a system of differential equations by five methods (solvers) were compared. The given method can be tried for solving other problems of chemical kinetics.
Purpose. The article provides a detailed description of three sabers with wooden hilts stored in the funds of the National Museum of the Republic of Kazakhstan (PMO 3025-1.2, PMO 6265, PMO UK 8227), Astana. Results. Based on the structural analysis of the items and their design, we identified that Saber 1 from the NMRC (PMO 3025-1.2) is one of the varieties of Persian Shamshirs. The blade with the shank, garda and a wooden sheath with hoop could have been made by Iranian or, less likely, Central Asian armorers in the 18th – middle of the 19th centuries. The wooden hilt with rivets, leather-covered scabbard and a metal tip were added while the saber was in the museum collection. A distinctive feature of Saber 2 of NMRC (PMO 6265), which originates from the territory of Southern Kazakhstan, is a relatively small bending of an acute-angled blade, an authentic wooden hilt and a leather case covering the hilt. The last two elements are not typical for products of Persian craftsmen but are quite often found on the weapons of the Uzbek and Kazakh soldiers of the New Age. According to the construction and design we conclude that Saber 2 could have been made by Central Asian, or, less likely, Iranian armorers in the 18th – mid 19th centuries (in the latter case, the hilt and the cover might have been made by Uzbek or Kazakh masters). Saber 3 (ПМО УК 8227) combines the classic “shamshirs” blade and a pommel with a wooden hilt and a relatively rare version of the guard. Based on the design features, the saber is dated to the end of the 18th – mid 19th centuries. The fastening system of its “cheeks” indicates that the wooden hilt might have been made and added in the 19th century. Conclusion. The weapons of the series under review vividly illustrate the data from written sources on the prevalence of sabers with long blades imported from Iran and Central Asia among Kazakh soldiers during the 18th – 19th centuries.
Resonant acoustic mixing (RAM) is a new technology designed for intensive mixing of powders that offers the capability to process powders with minimal damage to particles. This feature is particularly important for mixing impact-sensitive materials such as explosives and propellants. While the RAM technique has been extensively employed for the mixing of powders and viscous polymers, comparatively little is known about its use for mechanosynthesis. We present here the first in situ study of RAM-induced co-crystallisation monitored using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction. The phase profile of the reaction between nicotinamide and carbamazepine in the presence of a small amount of water was monitored at two different relative accelerations of the mixer. In marked contrast to ball-milling techniques, the lack of milling bodies in the RAM experiment does not hinder co-crystallisation of the two starting materials, which occurred readily and was independent of the frequency of oscillation. The reaction could be optimised by enhancing the number of reactive contacts through mixing and comminution. These observations provide new insight into the role of various experimental parameters in conventional mechanochemistry using liquid-assisted grinding techniques.
The dynamic of explosive vaporization of the water on the multilayer thin-film resistor with the size of 100 × 110 μm has been investigated. An original optical method based on measuring of laser intensity reflected from resistor surface was used. The characteristics of the initial stage of the explosive vaporization were obtained. The dependence of the boiling temperature on the temperature growth rate and the dependence of boiling time on the effective heat flux were defined. The lifetime of the main vapour bubble and the satellite bubble were estimated.
The first example of adamantane derivatives containing monoterpene moieties

that showed inhibitory activity against several orthopoxviruses
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a genetic disease, which characterized by the degeneration of motor neurons in the spinal cord and further striated muscle atrophy. The research of the processes in diseased neurons is complicated due to the impossibility of obtaining them safely from patients.

Thus, we generated SMA type III induced pluripotent stem cell lines via using non-integrated episomal plasmid vectors. The resulting cell line expresses the major pluripotency markers and can differentiate in vitro into derivatives of three germ layers.

The iPSC line can be used for further studies by providing in vitro the relevant cell types.
One technology bottleneck for system‐on‐panel (SoP) is the lacking of high‐performance p‐type thin‐film transistor (pTFT).

Using high dielectric‐constant (high‐κ) gate materials with optimized processes, high hole and electron field‐effect mobility of 7.6 and 345 cm 2 /Vs were measured in pTFT and nTFT, respectively.

These high mobility devices on SiO 2 are the enabling technology for SoP and crucial for three‐dimensional brain‐mimicking integrated circuit (IC)‐ the technology trend for IC after reaching the quantum‐mechanical limit soon.
Nonlinear effects responsible for elongation of the plasma wave period are numerically studied with the emphasis on two-dimensionality of the wave. The limitation on the wakefield amplitude imposed by detuning of the wave and the driver is found.
We predict a generic mechanism of wave localization at an interface between uniform artificial gauge fields, arising due to propagation-dependent phase accumulation similar to Aharonov-Bohm phenomenon.

We realize experimentally a synthetic mesh lattice with real-time control over the vector gauge field, and observe robust localization under a broad variation of gauge strength and direction, as well as structural lattice parameters.

This suggests new possibilities for confining and guiding waves in diverse physical systems through the synthetic gauge fields.
In modern society, the problem of osteoporosis and diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most relevant one and covers the majority of the world's elderly population. One of the severe consequences of this pathology is a fracture that occurs when falling from a height of one's own growth or spontaneously. Due to growing comorbidity, elderly people with diabetes have an additional range of potential risk factors for falls. In this review, we will consider the impact of risk factors for DM-related falls in the context of osteoporotic fractures.
The evolution of a system of two droplets of heavy gas after the passage of a shock wave through it is studied in a two-dimensional unsteady approximation using the previously formulated mathematical model of the mechanics of a two-velocity two-temperature mixture of light gas and heavy gas. Satisfactory agreement with experiment is obtained.