Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
The weak shock waves impact on the flow in the boundary layer of the sweep flat plate at Mach number 2 is studied experimentally. The model was installed at a zero angle of attack. Shock waves in the oncoming flow were generated by a two-dimensional roughness on the side wall of the wind tunnel test section. The data were obtained with a two-dimensional roughness on the wall of the wind tunnel and with a smooth wall at sweep angles (35 and 40 degrees) of the leading edge of the flat blunt plate. The measurements were carried out with a constant temperature anemometer.
There are only 10 Euclidean forms, that is flat closed three-dimensional manifolds: six are orientable and four are non-orientable.

The aim of this paper is to describe all types of n-fold coverings over non-orientable Euclidean manifolds ℬ1 and ℬ2 and calculate the numbers of non-equivalent coverings of each type. We classify subgroups in the fundamental groups of ℬ1 and ℬ2 up to isomorphism and calculate the numbers of conjugated classes of each type of subgroups for index n.

The manifolds ℬ1 and ℬ2 are uniquely determined among the other non-orientable forms by their homology groups H1(ℬ1)=ℤ2×ℤ2 and H1(ℬ2)=ℤ2.
In this report, we describe a molecular cytogenetic study of a family burdened with intellectual disability (ID) and suicide. Our study revealed that the mother has a heterozygous premutation in the FMR1 gene and supernumerary X chromosomes as well as X-derived marker chromosomes. Both of her sons have ID and a normal chromosome number. One of the sons has fragile X syndrome, and the other has ID of an unclear nature.
In this work, approaches for fabrication metal coated probes for Tip Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (TERS) are considered. It was proposed to use optical characterization of probes to achieve the effective TERS of semiconductor nanoobjects. The shape and size of the metal cluster at the tip apex determines the position of the localized surface plasmon resonance, the electromagnetic field enhancement and, thus, TERS performance. The possibility of optimizing the characteristics of the probes for TERS studies of nanoobjects has been investigated.
来华留学生中级汉语听力学习情况调查--以复旦大学留学生为例 党瑞 新西伯利亚国立大学 俄罗斯新西伯利亚市 复旦大学 中国上海 摘要 20 世纪 70 年代末 80 年代初，对外汉语教学经过几十年的发展，出现了一派改革的新形势。在这场改革中， 按语言技能设课成为一种倾向，听力课由此成为一门独立的课型，关于听力教学的研究也逐渐多了起来。 本文从实践出发，对 2018 年春季复旦大学来华留学生中 39 名中级水平学生的听力学习情况进行了调查，分别 从学生对听力课的态度、对听力课的认知、对教材的使用体验、对教师的满意度以及练习题设置五个方面做了 详细的调查和分析。为了提高中级汉语听力教学的效果，本文基于此次调查和分析的结果，拟从听力课本身、 听力内容、
Human tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (TDP1) belongs to the phospholipase D superfamily, whose members contain paired catalytic histidine and lysine residues within two conserved motifs and hydrolyze phosphodiester bonds. TDP1 is a DNA repair enzyme that processes 3′ DNA end blocking lesions and a wide range of synthetic DNA adducts as a substrate. TDP1 hydrolyzes DNA-adducts via two coordinated S N 2 nucleophilic attacks mediated by the action of two histidine residues and leads to the formation of the covalent intermediate. Hydrolysis of this intermediate is proposed to be carried out by a water molecule that is activated by the His493 residue acting as a general base. It was known that phospholipase D enzymes are able to catalyze not only hydrolysis but also a transphosphatidylation reaction in the presence of primary alcohols in which they transfer the substrate to the alcohol instead of water.

Here, we first demonstrated that TDP1 is able to undergo a 'transphosphooligonucleotidation' reaction, transferring the substrate residue to the alcohol, thus inducing the formation of covalent DNA adducts with different primary alcohol residues. Such adducts can be accumulated in the conditions of high concentration of alcohol. We demonstrated that glycerol residue was efficiently cleaved from the 3′-end by TDP1 but not by its mutant form associated with the disease spinocerebellar ataxia with axonal neuropathy.

Therefore, the second reaction step can be carried out not only by a water molecule but also by the other small nucleophilic molecules, e.g., glycerol and ethanol. Thus, in some cases, TDP1 can be regarded not only as a repair enzyme but also as a source of DNA damage especially in the case of mutation. Such damages can make a negative contribution to the stability of cell vitality.
The calmodulin-regulated spectrin-associated proteins (CAMSAPs) belong to a conserved protein family, which includes members that bind the polymerizing mcrotubule (MT) minus ends and remain associated with the MT lattice formed by minus end polymerization. Only one of the three mammalian CAMSAPs, CAMSAP1, localizes to the mitotic spindle but its function is unclear. In Drosophila, there is only one CAMSAP, named Patronin. Previous work has shown that Patronin stabilizes the minus ends of non-mitotic MTs and is required for proper spindle elongation. However, the precise role of Patronin in mitotic spindle assembly is poorly understood. Here we have explored the role of Patronin in Drosophila mitosis using S2 tissue culture cells as a model system. We show that Patronin associates with different types of MT bundles within the Drosophila mitotic spindle, and that it is required for their stability. Imaging of living cells expressing Patronin-GFP showed that Patronin displays a dynamic behavior. In prometaphase cells, Patronin accumulates on short segments of MT bundles located near the chromosomes. These Patronin "seeds" extend towards the cell poles and stop growing just before reaching the poles. Our data also suggest that Patronin localization is largely independent of proteins acting at the MT minus ends such as Asp and Klp10A. Our results suggest a working hypothesis about the mitotic role of Patronin. We propose that Patronin binds the minus ends within MT bundles, including those generated from the walls of preexisting MTs via the augmin-mediated pathway. This would help maintaining MT association within the mitotic bundles, thereby stabilizing the spindle structure. Our data also raise the intriguing possibility that the minus ends of bundled MTs can undergo a limited polymerization.
Spark plasma sintering (SPS), a sintering method that uses the action of pulsed direct current and pressure, has received a lot of attention due to its capability of exerting control over the microstructure of the sintered material and flexibility in terms of the heating rate and heating mode. Historically, SPS was developed in search of ways to preserve a fine-grained structure of the sintered material while eliminating porosity and reaching a high relative density. These goals have, therefore, been pursued in the majority of studies on the behavior of materials during SPS. Recently, the potential of SPS for the fabrication of porous materials has been recognized. This article is the first review to focus on the achievements in this area. The major approaches to the formation of porous materials by SPS are described: partial densification of powders (under low pressures, in pressureless sintering processes or at low temperatures), sintering of hollow particles/spheres, sintering of porous particles, and sintering with removable space holders or pore formers. In the case of conductive materials processed by SPS using the first approach, the formation of inter-particle contacts may be associated with local melting and non-conventional mechanisms of mass transfer. Studies of the morphology and microstructure of the inter-particle contacts as well as modeling of the processes occurring at the inter-particle contacts help gain insights into the physics of the initial stage of SPS. For pre-consolidated specimens, an SPS device can be used as a furnace to heat the materials at a high rate, which can also be beneficial for controlling the formation of porous structures. In sintering with space holders, SPS processing allows controlling the structure of the pore walls. In this article, using the literature data and our own research results, we have discussed the formation and structure of porous metals, intermetallics, ceramics, and carbon materials obtained by SPS.
The Geobacillus icigianus G1w1(T) strain was isolated from sludge samples of unnamed vaporing hydrothermal (97°С) outlets situated in a geyser in the Troinoy region (Valley of Geysers, Kronotsky Nature Reserve, Kamchatka, Russian Federation; 54°25'51.40″N, 160°7'41.40″E).

The sequenced and annotated genome is 3,457,810 bp and encodes 3,342 genes.
The cross section of the process $e^{+}e^{-}\rightarrow\eta\pi^{+}\pi^{-}$ is measured using the data collected with the CMD-$3$ detector at the VEPP-$2000$ collider in the center-of-mass energy range from $1.1$ to $2.0$ GeV.

The decay mode $\eta\rightarrow\gamma\gamma$ is used for $\eta$ meson reconstruction in the data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $78.3$ pb$^{-1}$. The energy dependence of the $e^{+}e^{-}\rightarrow\eta\pi^{+}\pi^{-}$ cross section is fitted within the framework of vector meson dominance in order to extract the $\Gamma(\rho(1450)\rightarrow{^{+}e^{-}})\mathcal{B}(\rho(1450)\rightarrow\eta\pi^{+}\pi^{-})$ and the $\Gamma(\rho(1700)\rightarrow{e^{+}e^{-}})\mathcal{B}(\rho(1700)\rightarrow\eta\pi^{+}\pi^{-})$ products. Based on conservation of vector current, the analysed data are used to test the relationship between the $e^{+}e^{-}\rightarrow\eta\pi^{+}\pi^{-}$ cross section and the spectral function in $\tau^-\rightarrow\eta\pi^-\pi^0\nu_\tau$ decay.

The $e^{+}e^{-}\rightarrow\eta\pi^{+}\pi^{-}$ cross section measured with the CMD-$3$ detector is in good agreement with the previous measurements.
Based on the joint analysis of the seismic regime parameters, such as anomalies of seismic energy release, b-value, seismic activity A10, approaches to assess the state of the block-seismic medium are proposed.

The method validation was done for the example of preparation and development of seismic activity in 2008-2011 in the Central part of the Baikal rift, during which there were 2 strong M5.3 earthquakes.

It was found that within 2 years before the strong Maximihinskoye Earthquake of 2008 in the Earth's crust of the epicentral region there is a transformation from softening to strengthening (consolidation) of the block medium. At the same time, in the neighboring region (the area of the Svyatoy Nos Peninsula), the opposite nature of the changes is observed.
We search for the rare radiative decay D0→γγ using a data sample with an integrated luminosity of 832 fb−1 recorded by the Belle detector at the KEKB e+e− asymmetric-energy collider.

We find no statistically significant signal and set an upper limit on the branching fraction of B(D0→γγ)<8.5×10−7 at 90% confidence level.

This is the most restrictive limit on the decay channel to date.
The matrix Modified Encounter Theory (MET), developed in Part I of this work, is applied here to reversible inter-molecular energy transfer in liquid solutions. For fluorescence quantum yield at contact transfer the Stern–Volmer law is confirmed, but the concentration corrections to its constant are diffusion-dependent unlike those obtained earlier with Superposition Approximation. In the particular case of irreversible energy transfer, when the exact solution is available, the latter is used to discriminate between all competing approaches and establishes MET superiority. In the case of reversible energy transfer producing the long-lived or even stable products, the energy is stored there and dissipates due to backward energy transfer in re-encounters. The kinetics of this process, resulting in a delayed fluorescence, is shown to be qualitatively different in cases of short and long encounter times as compared to the excitation lifetime.
Fees paid for these services under Soviet law are recognized as illegal profits and are not supported by the state. Legal support was provided when these services were transferred to the new economic relations and after the adoption of the Special part of the joint service of Kazakhstan.

In the contract on rendering of services obligations occurs and is formed by the contract of compensated rendering of services. As a rule, the contract of civil paid services is a new type of contract in civil law, which is referred to in article 683 of the Civil code of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Terms of paid services include: telecommunications, medical services, veterinary medicine, audit, consulting, advertising, information, educational services, travel services, etc.in accordance with the agreement on paid services, the contractor undertakes to provide services on behalf of the customer, that is, to take certain actions or perform certain actions, and the customer undertakes to pay for it. Depending on the nature of the adjustment, these terms are set out in the contract terms and conditions of service.

In the future, taking into account the stable development of the market of services, it can be assumed that the service contract in the future will be one of the most popular and dynamically developingcivil law institutions.
Разработана математическая модель регуляции локальной трансляции белков постсинаптической плотности (PSD) в ответ на стимуляцию глютамат-зависимых рецепторов mGluR. Центральным звеном этой системы является mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) сигнальный путь.

Анализ динамического поведения модели в зависимости от параметров активации и блокирования cap-зависимой трансляции в активированном синапсе показал высокий хаотический потенциал системы и возможность возникновения сложной динамики (колебательной и хаотической) синтеза постсинаптических белков, а также наличие множественных аттракторов в физиологической области функционирования системы локальной трансляции

Эти результаты позволяют предположить, что в основе известных фактов аутистических расстройств и эпилепсии, связанных с нарушением регуляции mTOR сигнального каскада, лежат нарушения стабильности протеома, связанные с формированием сложных динамических режимов синтеза белков PSD
A method of transferring hyperpolarization among scalar-coupled nuclear spins is proposed, which is based on spin mixing at energy level anti-crossing (LAC) regions.
The composites of piroxicam and meloxicam with gamma-alumina, aluminium hydroxides (gibbsite and boehmite), alpha and gamma polymorphs of iron(III) oxide having dierent surface area and morphology were prepared by planetary ball-milling.It has been shown that the initial state of the excipient (specic surface area, particle size and morphology) had a pronounced eect on the formation of the core-shell composites with the drugs and their properties.The X-ray diraction patterns and IR spectra measured for co-milled samples as well as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies gave evidence that the components of the mixtures interacted with each other and became amorphous, as composites were formed.The drug release from the composites was dierent as compared with pure drugs, meloxicam and piroxicam behaving dierently that can be explained by formation of strong or weak bonds with the active sites of the carriers.In the case of mechanocomposites, the drugs dissolved quickly due to high surface of organic phase in the core-shell composites.The high-porous carriers can serve as the sorbents for the drugs in solution.
A DNA molecule is under continuous influence of endogenous and exogenous damaging factors, which produce a variety of DNA lesions. Apurinic/apyrimidinic sites (abasic or AP sites) are among the most common DNA lesions.

In this work, we applied pulse dipolar electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy in combination with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate in-depth conformational changes in DNA containing an AP site and in a complex of this DNA with AP endonuclease 1 (APE1). For this purpose, triarylmethyl (TAM)-based spin labels were attached to the 5' ends of an oligonucleotide duplex, and nitroxide spin labels were introduced into APE1.

In this way, we created a system that enabled monitoring the conformational changes of the main APE1 substrate by EPR. In addition, we were able to trace substrate-to-product transformation in this system. The use of different (orthogonal) spin labels in the enzyme and in the DNA substrate has a crucial advantage allowing for detailed investigation of local damage and conformational changes in AP-DNA alone and in its complex with APE1.
A search is presented for dark matter in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV using events with at least one high transverse momentum ($p_\mathrm{T}$) muon, at least one high-$p_\mathrm{T}$ jet, and large missing transverse momentum. The data were collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC in 2016 and 2017, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 77.4 fb$^{-1}$. In the examined scenario, a pair of scalar leptoquarks is assumed to be produced. One leptoquark decays to a muon and a jet while the other decays to dark matter and low-$p_\mathrm{T}$ standard model particles. The signature for signal events would be significant missing transverse momentum from the dark matter in conjunction with a peak at the leptoquark mass in the invariant mass distribution of the highest $p_\mathrm{T}$ muon and jet. The data are observed to be consistent with the background predicted by the standard model. For the first benchmark scenario considered, dark matter masses up to 500 GeV are excluded for leptoquark masses $M_\mathrm{LQ}$ $\approx$ 1400 GeV, and up to 300 GeV for $M_\mathrm{LQ}$ $\approx$ 1500 GeV. For the second benchmark scenario, dark matter masses up to 600 GeV are excluded for $M_\mathrm{LQ}$ $\approx$ 1400 GeV.
The article examines the institution of the transfer of subsoil use rights provided per license. Characteristics of basis and terms of such transfer are given.

The terms for the transfer of rights are analyzed for their sufficiency to ensure effective and rational use of subsoil. The author provides an overview of judicial practice on invalidation of license renewal acts, application of restitution rule in case of transaction's invalidity, compliance with the terms for the transfer.

It is concluded that the current legal mechanism for the subsoil rights transfer has a number of defects. There is no clarity on applicability of civil law in case of transaction invalidity. The law provides neither criteria for the compliance with the transfer terms, nor a mechanism for checking their observance. There is no uniformity in establishing transition terms for different basis.
Regeneration of an imaginal disc involves highly ordered proliferation and pattern regulation of the newly formed tissue. Although the general principles of imaginal disc regeneration have been extensively studied, knowledge of the underlying molecular mechanisms is far from complete. Results from other model organisms suggest that regeneration is the result of local recapitulation of the normal patterning genes. To analyze the dynamics of one major Drosophila patterning gene, decapentaplegic (dpp), in wing imaginal disc regeneration, a vital GFP reporter together with iontophoretic cell labeling were used. Our observations reveal that the restoration of compartment-border-specific dpp expression is a common event in imaginal disc regeneration. However, we did not find evidence of an upregulation of dpp expression during the regeneration process.
We report a measurement of time-dependent $CP$ violation in ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}_{S}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$ decays using a data sample of $772\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}\text{ }\text{ }B\overline{B}$ pairs collected by the Belle experiment running at the $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}(4S)$ resonance at the KEKB ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collider. This decay proceeds mainly via a $b\ensuremath{\rightarrow}sd\overline{d}$ ``penguin'' amplitude. The results are $\mathrm{sin}2{\ensuremath{\phi}}_{1}^{\text{eff}}=0.9{2}_{\ensuremath{-}0.31}^{+0.27}$ (stat.) $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.11$ (syst.) and $\mathcal{A}=0.28\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.21$ (stat.) $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.04$ (syst.), which are the most precise measurements of $CP$ violation in this decay mode to date. The value for the $CP$-violating parameter $\mathrm{sin}2{\ensuremath{\phi}}_{1}^{\text{eff}}$ is consistent with that obtained using decay modes proceeding via a $b\ensuremath{\rightarrow}c\overline{c}s$ ``tree'' amplitude.
There is a growing body of evidence that the common ancestor of vertebrates had a bimodal karyotype, i.e. consisting of large macrochromosomes and small microchromosomes. This type of karyotype organization is preserved in most reptiles. However, certain species independently experience microchromosome fusions. The evolutionary forces behind this are unclear. We investigated the karyotype of the green spiny lizard, Sceloporus malachiticus, an iguana species which has 2n=22, whereas the ancestral karyotype of iguanas had 2n=36. We obtained and sequenced flow-sorted chromosome-specific DNA samples and found that most of the microchromosome fusions in this species involved sex chromosomes. We found that certain ancestral squamate chromosomes, such as the homologue of the Anolis carolinensis chromosome 11, are repeatedly involved in sex chromosome formation in different species. To test the hypothesis that the karyotypic shift could be associated with changes in recombination patterns, and to study sex chromosome synapsis and recombination in meiosis, we performed synaptonemal complex analysis in this species and in S. variabilis, a related species with 2n=34. We found that in the species studied the recombination patterns correlate more with phylogeny than with the structure of the karyotype. The sex chromosomes had two distal pseudoautosomal regions and a medial differentiated region.
Complete trepanation with the removal of the inner bone plate was studied on a cranium of a male aged ca 35 from a Late Bronze Age burial at Anzhevka in the Krasnoyarsk-Kansk forest-steppe, dating to 1000–700 BC. Certain burials including that with a trephined cranium reveal traces of post-funerary rituals. The individual displays the Paleosiberian (Baikal) combination of craniometric and dental characteristics. Results of the macroand microscopic analysis of the affected area, along with multislice computed tomography (MSCT), suggest that the trepanation was performed to treat osteomyelitis of the parietal bone with an epidural abscess (empyema), caused by an open depressed fracture of the left parietal bone, infl icted with a tool having a small contact area. In modern forensic practice, such perforations are attributed to hammer blows. This would explain the absence of linear fractures of the parietal bone around the trepanation zone. Craniotomy with the removal of the osteomyeliti с focus and the emptying of the epidural abscess led to a prolonged preservation of the patient’s life. Results of a traceological analysis suggest that the aperture was made by scraping, and a thin tetrahedral tool was used to remove the bone fragment. Possibly the use of bronze instruments, known to have antiseptic properties, helped the ancient healer to cope with an advanced infectious process.