Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
CRISPR technologies are nowadays widely used for targeted knockout of numerous protein-coding genes and for the study of various processes and metabolic pathways in human cells. Most attention in the genome editing field is now focused on the cleavage of protein-coding genes or genes encoding long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), while the studies on targeted knockout of intron-encoded regulatory RNAs are sparse.

Here, we present the study devoted to CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing of box C/D snoRNA genes in Gas5. We obtained monoclonal cell lines carrying mutations in snoRNA genes and analyzed the levels of the mutant box C/D snoRNA as well as the 2'-O-methylation status of the target rRNA nucleotide in the obtained cells.

Mutations in SNORD75 in the obtained monoclonal cell line were shown to result in aberrant splicing of Gas5 with exclusion of exons 3 to 5, which was confirmed by RT-PCR and RNA-Seq. The obtained results suggest that SNORD75 contains an element for binding of some factors regulating maturation of Gas5 pre-lncRNA. We suggest that METTL3/METTL14 is among such factors, and m6A-methylation pathways are involved in regulation of Gas5 splicing. Our results shell light on the role of SNORDs in regulating splicing of the host gene.
the intralayer Mn-Mn distance.The magnetic ordering of the Mn layers along the c-axis is antiferromagnetic for the smaller value than the critic intralayer Mn-Mn distance or ferromagnetic for the bigger than that value [1 and the references therein].Since the intralayer Mn-Mn distance of the SmMn 2 Ge 2 compounds is very close to the critic distance, the multiple magnetic phase transitions are observed as a function of the temperature.Because of the multiple magnetic phase transitions, this compound is very good candidate to investigate the magnetoresistance and magnetocaloric effect.

SmMn 2-x Fe x Ge 2 (x=0.05 and 0.1) and SmMn 2-x Co x Ge 2 (x=0.05 and 0.15) compounds are prepared by using arc melting under argon atmosphere.All compounds crystallize in ThCr 2 Si 2 -type tetragonal structure.The temperature and magnetic field dependence of magnetization are measured in an applied field up to 5 T between 10 and 350 K.The magnetocaloric effect-MCE is calculated by using Maxwell's relation and Landau theory.Resistivity measurements are performed by a four probe method as function of temperature (between 70 and 350K) and magnetic field (up to 7 T).

Both calculated MCE values are good accordance.For the SmMn 1.95 Fe 0.05 Ge 2 and SmMn 1.85 Co 0.15 Ge 2 compounds, the positive and negative MCE are observed.The magnetoresistance effect is also observed at the metamagnetic transition.At T C Sm , the magnetoresistance effect Δρ/ρ is about -%20 and -%12, respectively.
Les dictionnaires d'associations évoquées par les mots sont créés à partir de la collecte des réactions données à un stimulus lexical (500 réactions au moins par stimulus). La plupart de ces réactions s'explique par des relations logiques basées sur le sens du stimulus proposé. Cependant une certaine quantité de ces réactions est provoquée par la forme de ce lexème, et procède du désir du participant à l'expérience de jouer avec les mots. Nous analyserons ici cette catégorie de réactions pour en proposer une typologie : le jeu peut consister en un simple écho (homonyme ou paronyme) du stimulus, soit c'est l'association des deux qui est ludique. Nous analysons les cas douteux, qui peuvent être dus à une lecture erronée du stimulus ou une orthographe douteuse de la réaction, et discuterons du bien-fondé de la prise en compte des jeux de mots dans le dictionnaire d'associations, dont le principe est d'être formé de réactions spontanées au stimulus, tandis qu'un jeu de mot suppose une réflexion, si courte soit-elle.
Linear and nonlinear stages of the instability of a plane detonation wave (DW) and the subsequent process of formation of cellular detonation structure are investigated. A simple model with one-step irreversible chemical reaction is used.

The linear analysis is employed to predict the DW front structure at the early stages of its formation. An emerging eigenvalue problem is solved with a global method using a Chebyshev pseudospectral method and the LAPACK software library. A local iterative shooting procedure is used for eigenvalue refinement. Numerical simulations of a propagation of a DW in plane and rectangular channels are performed with a shock capturing WENO scheme of 5th order. A special method of a computational domain shift is implemented in order to maintain the DW in the domain.

It is shown that the linear analysis gives certain predictions about the DW structure that are in agreement with the numerical simulations of early stages of DW propagation. However, at later stages, a merger of detonation cells occurs so that their number is approximately halved. Computations of DW propagation in a square channel reveal two different types of spatial structure of the DW front, 'rectangular' and 'diagonal' types. A spontaneous transition from the rectangular to diagonal type of structure is observed during propagation of the DW.
The article deals with the description of the key elements of the conceptual space of the short story A White, White Day by Andrei Tarkovsky, which served as a basis in the key episode of the feature film Mirror. The aim of the research is to reveal and describe the main elements of the conceptual sphere of the short story. The object of research is the short story A White, White Day by Andrei Tarkovsky published in 1970 in the magazine Film Art in Movie Makers’ Stories section. The main method used in the framework of the research is conceptual analysis of texts. To reveal the readers’ background notions about the short story and the author, to determine the semantics of the title and to reveal keywords on the basis of readers’ reception, we also used the experimental data obtained in 2017 when 51 students of Novosibirsk State University were surveyed. The participants were asked to read the information about the text and to answer 2 questions. The first one was asked before reading and was related to information known to the respondents – about the short story and its author and about their associations with the title. The second question (about the text keywords) was asked after reading. The results of the experiment were compared with the results of the analysis of the separate contexts of the short story and the possible intertextual connections, and the verbal representations of the revealed key concepts were compared with the intermedial representations of the key concepts of the feature film Mirror. The following conclusions were made. 1. Even if readers do not know anything about the author of the text, its title and the epigraph create the particular semantic background on which the reception of the short story is superimposed: the notions about the loss of something good, about the mixture of positive and negative emotions, about the fact that the short story is based on the memories. 2. Through the title the individual concept of the white day is introduced into the conceptual space. This concept combines emotionally ambivalent notions about the supreme happiness lost forever, and it goes back to the poetry by Arseny Tarkovsky and Anna Akhmatova. 3. The frequently used lexemes and the short story keywords given to the respondents enable to reveal several key units of the conceptual space of the short story (the concepts of mother, water, childhood, war, wealth, grief, happiness, silence, home, church, fear, memory). 4. The key concepts of the short story are the conceptual basis of the subsequent film Mirror where the conceptual space gets more complicated and is supplemented by some new features.
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia and is currently incurable. After unsuccessful attempts to create drugs targeting the amyloid-β pathway, a search for alternative approaches and treatments targeting nonamyloid AD pathologies is currently underway. One of them is inhibition of striatal-enriched protein tyrosine phosphatase (STEP) activity, which is increased in the prefrontal cortex of AD patients. Here we examined effects of prolonged treatment of OXYS rats which mimic key signs of sporadic AD with a STEP inhibitor, TC-2153, on the progression of signs of AD. TC-2153 had an ambiguous effect on the behavior of the animals: it significantly reduced the already low locomotor and exploratory activities and enhanced anxiety-related behavior in OXYS rats but improved their long-term memory in the Morris water maze. Moreover, TC-2153 had no effect on the accumulation of the amyloid-β protein and on the STEP61 protein level; the latter in the cortex and hippocampus did not differ between OXYS rats and control Wistar rats. These results suggest that the effects of prolonged treatment with TC-2153 may be mediated by mechanisms not related to STEP. In particular, TC-2153 can act as a potential hydrogen sulfide donor and thus substantially affect redox homeostasis.
Using 980.6 $\rm fb^{-1}$ of data collected with the Belle detector operating at the KEKB asymmetric-energy $e^+e^-$ collider

we present a measurement of the branching fraction of the singly Cabibbo-suppressed decay $Λ_c^+ \to p ω$. A clear $Λ_c^+$ signal is observed for $Λ_c^+ \to p ω$ with a statistical significance of 9.1 standard deviations, and we measure the ratio of branching fractions ${\cal B}(Λ_c^+ \to p ω)/{\cal B}(Λ_c^+ \to p K^- π^+) = (1.32 \pm 0.12 (\rm stat) \pm 0.10 (\rm syst))\times 10^{-2}$

from which we infer the branching fraction ${\cal B}(Λ_c^+ \to p ω) = (8.27 \pm 0.75 (\rm stat) \pm 0.62 (\rm syst) \pm 0.42 (\rm ref))\times 10^{-4}$. The first quoted uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic, and the third from the reference mode $Λ_c^+ \to p K^- π^+$.
ABSTRACT Regeneration-capable flatworms are informative research models to study the mechanisms of stem cell regulation, regeneration and tissue patterning. However, the lack of transgenesis methods significantly hampers their wider use. Here we report development of a transgenesis method for Macrostomum lignano , a basal flatworm with excellent regeneration capacity. We demonstrate that microinjection of DNA constructs into fertilized one-cell stage eggs, followed by a low dose of irradiation, frequently results in random integration of the transgene in the genome and its stable transmission through the germline. To facilitate selection of promoter regions for transgenic reporters, we assembled and annotated the M. lignano genome, including genome-wide mapping of transcription start regions, and showed its utility by generating multiple stable transgenic lines expressing fluorescent proteins under several tissue-specific promoters. The reported transgenesis method and annotated genome sequence will permit sophisticated genetic studies on stem cells and regeneration using M. lignano as a model organism.
Polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) thin films were obtained by aluminium induced crystallisation of amorphous silicon suboxide (a-SiO x , x = 0.22) via annealing of a-SiO 0.22 /Al bilayer structures at 550 °C for 4 - 30 h. The a-SiO 0.22 /Al thickness ratio was approximately 1. According optical microscopy measurements, the crystallized fraction reached the saturation value of 85% after annealing for 20 h. The further increase in the annealing time didn’t lead to an increase in this value. X-ray diffraction measurements revealed that the formed poly-Si had a strong Si (111) preferred orientation.
This article is devoted to study the swirling flow with the formation of the precessing vortex core (PVC) in the cone of the model of the draft tube of the hydraulic turbine.

The experiments were carried out on the aerodynamic set-up both in stationary and in transient regimes of operation of the hydraulic turbine. The hydraulic turbine operating conditions were varied by continuously changing the flow rate at a constant rotor speed.

The formation of the PVC in the flow and the maximum level of pressure pulsations in the regime modeling the partial load regime of a turbine are revealed. The boundaries of the occurrence of the PVC effect are determined with varying rotor speed and air flow rate. It was found that the dependence of the PVC lifetime in transition regimes correlate with the transition time. It was shown that the velocity profiles in transient conditions change quasistatically between the operation regime with partial loading of the turbine and the regime of the highest efficiency of the turbine.
Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is a multistep process that recognizes and eliminates a wide spectrum of damage causing significant distortions in the DNA structure, such as UV-induced damage and bulky chemical adducts. The consequences of defective NER are apparent in the clinical symptoms of individuals affected by three disorders associated with reduced NER capacities: xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), Cockayne syndrome (CS), and trichothiodystrophy (TTD). These disorders have in common increased sensitivity to UV irradiation, greatly elevated cancer incidence (XP), and multi-system immunological and neurological disorders. The eucaryotic NER system eliminates DNA damage by the excision of 24-32 nt single-strand oligonucleotides from a damaged strand, followed by restoration of an intact double helix by DNA repair synthesis and DNA ligation. About 30 core polypeptides are involved in the entire repair process. NER consists of two pathways distinct in initial damage sensor proteins: transcription-coupled repair (TC-NER) and global genome repair (GG-NER). The article reviews current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms underlying damage recognition and its elimination from mammalian DNA.
Many late replicating regions are underreplicated in polytene chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster. These regions contain silenced chromatin and overlap long syntenic blocks of conserved gene order in drosophilids.

In this report we show that in D. melanogaster the underreplicated regions are enriched with fast-evolving genes lacking homologs in distant species such as mosquito or human, indicating that the phylogenetic conservation of genes correlates with replication timing and chromatin status. Drosophila genes without human homologs located in the underreplicated regions have higher nonsynonymous substitution rate and tend to encode shorter proteins when compared with those in the adjacent regions. At the same time, the underreplicated regions are enriched with ultraconserved elements and highly conserved noncoding sequences, especially in introns of very long genes indicating the presence of an extensive regulatory network that may be responsible for the conservation of gene order in these regions. The regions have a modest preference for long noncoding RNAs but are depleted for small nucleolar RNAs, microRNAs, and transfer RNAs.

Our results demonstrate that the underreplicated regions have a specific genic composition and distinct pattern of evolution.
The confluence of two scientific disciplines may lead to nomenclature conflicts that require new terms while respecting historical definitions. This is the situation with the current state of cytology and genomics, which offer examples of distinct nomenclature and vocabularies that require reconciliation.

In this article, we propose the new terms C-scaffold (for chromosome-scale assemblies of sequenced DNA fragments, commonly named scaffolds) and scaffotype (the resulting collection of C-scaffolds that represent an organism's genome). This nomenclature avoids conflict with the historical definitions of the terms chromosome (a microscopic body made of DNA and protein) and karyotype (the collection of images of all chromosomes of an organism or species).

As large-scale sequencing projects progress, adoption of this nomenclature will assist end users to properly classify genome assemblies, thus facilitating genomic analysis.
The work presents for the first time a comparative study of mode-locked figure-8 laser, in which two independently pumped active media are located either in the same or in different cavity loops. It is shown that the NALM2 configuration (both active media in the same cavity loop) delivers both higher average and peak radiation power. Flexibility of NALM/NALM2 technologies is further demonstrated for implementation of algorithmic electronically driven control over radiation mode-locking regimes. Also discussed are the results of experimental testing of electronic methods relying on NALM/NALM2 technologies for setting desired generation regimes.
Many processes in living organisms are subject to periodic oscillations at different hierarchical levels of their organization: from molecular-genetic to population and ecological. Oscillatory processes are responsible for cell cycles in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, for circadian rhythms, for synchronous coupling of respiration with cardiac contractions, etc. Fluctuations in the numbers of organisms in natural populations can be caused by the populations' own properties, their age structure, and ecological relationships with other species. Along with experimental approaches, mathematical and computer modeling is widely used to study oscillating biological systems.

This paper presents classical mathematical models that describe oscillatory behavior in biological systems. Methods for the search for oscillatory molecular-genetic systems are presented by the example of their special case - oscillatory enzymatic systems. Application of different ways to describe gene networks for modeling oscillatory molecular-genetic systems is considered, where the most important factor for the emergence of cyclic behavior is the presence of feedback. Techniques for finding potentially oscillatory enzymatic systems are presented. Using the method described in the article, we present and analyze, in a step-by-step manner, first the structural models (graphs) of gene networks and then the reconstruction of the mathematical models and computational experiments with them.

Structural models are ideally suited for the tasks of an automatic search for potential oscillating contours (linked subgraphs), whose structure can correspond to the mathematical model of the molecular-genetic system that demonstrates oscillatory behavior in dynamics. At the same time, it is the numerical study of mathematical models for the selected contours that makes it possible to confirm the presence of stable limit cycles in them. As an example of application of the technology, a network of 300 metabolic reactions of the bacterium Escherichia coli was analyzed using mathematical and computer modeling tools. In particular, oscillatory behavior was shown for a loop whose reactions are part of the tryptophan biosynthesis pathway.
Owing to its geographic position Eastern Kazakhstan has long been a cultural crossroads region. During the Scytho-Siberian Age, it was a place where cultures of southern Siberia, Sayan-Altai, Northern and Central Kazakhstan, Zhetysu, etc., interacted, as evidenced by the "Scythian triad"—weapons, horse harness, and animal style.

Here we address one of its key elements, horse harness, specifi cally new fi nds from Gerasimovka in the Ulan District of Eastern Kazakhstan. They are relevant to certain aspects of the early nomadic material culture in the eastern fringes of the Saka-Siberian world. These items show signifi cant variation, sometimes within one and the same cemetery.

Parallels to the Gerasimovka fi nd suggest that it is contemporaneous with the Arzhan stage of the early Scythian culture, and that during that time Eastern Kazakhstan played a major role in migratory processes. Recent fi ndings relating to early Scytho-Siberian cultures indicate the critical importance of chronology and cultural ties for reconstructing ethno-cultural processes in Early Iron Age Eurasia.
The study of PCR-profiles of isozyme loci Me1 and Adh1 in common wheat lines obtained by means of treatment of initial cultivar Alem with detergent Tri-ton X-100 was carried out by the modified ISSR-amplification method. It was demonstrated that exposure to Triton X-100 causes changes of PCR-profiles of enzyme loci. The obtained data are suggestive of the role of chromatin and nuclear mem-brane interaction in structural-functional genome organization.
Three-dimensional nonlinear wave interactions have been analytically described. The procedure under interest can be applied to three-dimensional quasilinear systems of first order, whose hydrodynamic reductions are homogeneous semi-Hamiltonian hydrodynamic type systems (i.e. possess diagonal form and infinitely many conservation laws).

The interaction of N waves was studied.

In particular we prove that they behave like simple waves and they distort after the collision region. The amount of the distortion can be analytically computed.
The domesticated guinea pig, Cavia porcellus (Hystricomorpha, Rodentia), is an important laboratory species and a model for a number of human diseases. Nevertheless, genomic tools for this species are lacking; even its karyotype is poorly characterized. The guinea pig belongs to Hystricomorpha, a widespread and important group of rodents; so far the chromosomes of guinea pigs have not been compared with that of other hystricomorph species or with any other mammals. We generated full sets of chromosome-specific painting probes for the guinea pig by flow sorting and microdissection, and for the first time, mapped the chromosomal homologies between guinea pig and human by reciprocal chromosome painting. Our data demonstrate that the guinea pig karyotype has undergone extensive rearrangements: 78 synteny-conserved human autosomal segments were delimited in the guinea pig genome. The high rate of genome evolution in the guinea pig may explain why the HSA7/16 and HSA16/19 associations presumed ancestral for eutherians and the three syntenic associations (HSA1/10, 3/19, and 9/11) considered ancestral for rodents were not found in C. porcellus. The comparative chromosome map presented here is a starting point for further development of physical and genetic maps of the guinea pig as well as an aid for genome assembly assignment to specific chromosomes. Furthermore, the comparative mapping will allow a transfer of gene map data from other species. The probes developed here provide a genomic toolkit, which will make the guinea pig a key species to unravel the evolutionary biology of the Hystricomorph rodents.
The Vlasov–Poisson equations govern evolution of the collisionless self-interacting medium and are widely used in plasma physics and astrophysics, in particular for modeling dynamics of galactic systems.

A numerical method for solving the Vlasov–Poisson equations using a high-order semi-Lagrange conservative WENO scheme is developed. The method is implemented for computations on Graphical Processing Units (GPUs).

The GPU code is validated using an exact unsteady analytical solution describing nonlinear oscillations of a plane self-gravitating layer. The comparison with numerical results obtained with the serial CPU code show a significant, up to 50 times, speed-up of the computations.