Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
We present energy-momentum mapping of surface Dirac photocurrent in the topological insulator Sb$_2$Te$_3$ by means of time- and angle-resolved two-photon photoemission spectroscopy combined with polarization-variable mid-infrared pulse laser. It is demonstrated that the direct optical transition from the occupied to the unoccupied part of the surface Dirac-cone permits the linear and circular photogalvanic effect which thereby enables us to coherently control the surface electric-current by laser polarization. Moreover, the surface current mapping directly visualizes ultrafast current dynamics in the Dirac cone in the time domain. We unravel the ultrafast intraband relaxation dynamics of the inelastic scattering and momentum scattering separately. Our observations pave the pathway for coherent optical control over surface Dirac electrons in topological insulators.
The water content in the garnet and clinopyroxene in the mantle eclogites from the V. Grib kimberlite pipe (Arkhangelsk Diamondiferous Province, NW Russia) was analysed using Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. The results show that all clinopyroxene grains contained structural water at concentrations of 39 to 247 ppm, whereas two garnet samples contained detectable water at concentrations of 211 and 337 ppm. The low-MgO eclogites with oceanic gabbro precursors contained significantly higher water concentrations in the omphacites (70–247 ppm) and whole rock (35–224 ppm) compared to those with oceanic basalt protoliths (49–73 ppm and 20–36 ppm, respectively). The incorporation of water into the clinopyroxene may be associated with vacancies at the M2 site, Al in the tetrahedral position, and the elements that filled the M2 site (mostly Na and Ca). The highest water content in the omphacite was detected in a nonmetasomatised sample and was assumed to represent residual water that survived during subduction. Other eclogite samples showed signs of modal and/or cryptic metasomatism and contained less water in the omphacites compared to the nonmetasomatised sample. The water content was heterogeneous within the eclogite section of the sampled lithospheric mantle. The lack of distinct and uniform correlations between the indices of eclogite modification and their water content indicated that the saturation with water was disturbed during their residence within the lithospheric mantle.
Small non-coding RNAs have gained substantial attention due to their roles in animal development and human disorders. Among them, microRNAs are unique because individual gene sequences are conserved across the animal kingdom. In addition, unique and mechanistically well understood features can clearly distinguish bona fide miRNAs from the myriad other small RNAs generated by cells. However, making this separation is not a common practice and, thus, not surprisingly, the heterogeneous quality of available miRNA complements has become a major concern in microRNA research.

We addressed this by extensively expanding our curated microRNA gene database MirGeneDB to 45 organisms that represent the full taxonomic breadth of Metazoa. By consistently annotating and naming more than 10,900 microRNA genes in these organisms, we show that previous microRNA annotations contained not only many false positives, but surprisingly lacked more than 2,100 bona fide microRNAs.

Indeed, curated microRNA complements of closely related organisms are very similar and can be used to reconstruct Metazoan evolution. MirGeneDB represents a robust platform for microRNA-based research, providing deeper and more significant insights into the biology and evolution of miRNAs but also biomedical and biomarker research.
To understand the dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) enhancements of biradical polarizing agents, the magnetic resonance parameters need to be known.

We describe a tailored EPR approach to accurately determine electron spin-spin coupling parameters using a combination of standard (9 GHz), high (95 GHz) and ultra-high (275 GHz) frequency EPR. Comparing liquid- and frozen-solution continuous-wave EPR spectra provides accurate anisotropic dipolar interaction D and isotropic exchange interaction J parameters of the DNP biradical AMUPol.

We found that D was larger by as much as 30% compared to earlier estimates, and that J is 43 MHz, whereas before it was considered to be negligible. With the refined data, quantum mechanical calculations confirm that an increase in dipolar electron-electron couplings leads to higher cross-effect DNP efficiencies. Moreover, the DNP calculations qualitatively reproduce the difference of TOTAPOL and AMUPol DNP efficiencies found experimentally and suggest that AMUPol is particularly effective in improving the DNP efficiency at magnetic fields higher than 500 MHz. The multi-frequency EPR approach will aid in predicting the optimal structures for future DNP agents.
Gas-liquid two-phase bubbly flows are found in different areas of science and technology such as nuclear energy, chemical industry, or piping systems. Optical diagnostics of two-phase bubbly flows with modern panoramic techniques makes it possible to capture simultaneously instantaneous characteristics of both continuous and dispersed phases with a high spatial resolution.

In this paper, we introduce a novel approach based on neural networks to recognize bubble patterns in images and identify their geometric parameters. The originality of the proposed method consists in training of a neural network ensemble using synthetic images that resemble real photographs gathered in experiment. The use of neural networks in combination with automatically generated data allowed us to detect overlapping, blurred, and non-spherical bubbles in a broad range of volume gas fractions.

Experiments on a turbulent bubbly jet proved that the implemented method increases the identification accuracy, reducing errors of various kinds, and lowers the processing time compared to conventional recognition methods. Furthermore, utilizing the new method of bubbles recognition, the primary physical parameters of a dispersed phase, such as bubble size distribution and local gas content, were calculated in a near-to-nozzle region of the bubbly jet. The obtained results and integral experimental parameters, especially volume gas fraction, are in good agreement with each other.
Here we present experimental data on measuring condensed carbon nanoparticle sizes in trinitrotoluene (TNT) detonation.

Nanoparticle sizes were determined from measured distributions of small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS). The work was carried out at the VEPP-4M (BINP) accelerator complex. In this work, we also carried out a SAXS simulation with a real spectrum on the SYRAFEEMA (Synchrotron Radiation Facility for Exploring Energetic Materials) station (wiggler radiation, TNT absorption, absorption of the DIMEX-3 detector). Comparison of the calculated and measured SAXS distribution allows one to obtain the dynamics of the average sizes of carbon nanoparticles behind the detonation front using a pink synchrotron radiation (SR) beam.

The measured particle sizes in the chemical reaction zone are ≈ 2 nm. Carbon nanoparticles with a maximum size of ≈ 4-5 nm are found outside the chemical reaction zone.
A method for calculating problems of uniaxial shock-wave loading of material is proposed in this paper. The method is based on Cabaret finite difference scheme. The mathematical model of the impact loading is described in Lagrangian formulation in the one-dimensional case. The task is approximated by the scheme. A comparison is made with the analytical solution. Verification of the approach is carried out on experimental data.
B chromosomes (Bs) were described in most taxa of eukaryotes and in around 11.9% of studied Orthopteran species. In some grasshopper species, their evolution has led to many B chromosome morphotypes. We studied the Bs in nine species (Nocaracris tardus, Nocaracris cyanipes, Aeropus sibiricus, Chorthippus jacobsoni, Chorthippus apricarius, Bryodema gebleri, Asiotmethis heptapotamicus songoricus, Podisma sapporensis, and Eyprepocnemis plorans), analyzing their possible origin and further development. The studied Bs consisted of C-positive or C-positive and C-negative regions. Analyzing new data and considering current hypotheses, we suggest that Bs in grasshoppers could arise through different mechanisms and from different chromosomes of the main set. We gave our special attention to the Bs with C-negative regions and suggest a new hypothesis of B chromosome formation from large or medium autosomes. This hypothesis includes dissemination of repetitive sequences and development of intercalary heterochromatic blocks in euchromatic chromosome arm followed by deletion of euchromatic regions located between them. The hypothesis is based on the findings of the Eyprepocnemis plorans specimens with autosome containing numerous intercalary repeat clusters, analysis of C-positive Bs in Eyprepocnemis plorans and Podisma sapporensis containing intercalary and terminal C-negative regions, and development of heterochromatic neo-Y chromosome in some Pamphagidae grasshoppers.
By a graph, we mean a finite connected multigraph. The genus of a graph is defined as the rank of the first homology group.

We consider a finite group acting on a graph, possibly with fixed and invertible edges, and the respective factor graph.

Then, the obtained Riemann-Hurwitz formula relates genus of the graph with genus of the factor graph and orders of the vertex and edge stabilisers.
We present recent results on study of exclusive processes of $e^+e^-$ annihilation into hadrons with the SND detector.

Data were collected at the VEPP-2000 $e^+e^-$ collider in the center-of-mass energy range from 0.3 to 2 GeV.

In particular, we have measured the cross sections for $e^+e^-\to\pi^+\pi^-$ and $n\bar{n}$, studied the radiative decays of excited light vector mesons to $\pi^0\gamma$ and $\eta\pi^0\gamma$, and performed a search for the rare processes of $e^+e^-$ annihilation into $C$-even resonances $\eta$ and $f_1(1285)$.
The catalytic properties of CuO-CeO2 supported on alumina for the oxidative steam reforming (OSR) of dimethoxymethane (DMM) to hydrogen-rich gas in a tubular fixed bed reactor were studied. The CuO-CeO2/γ-Al2O3 catalyst provided complete DMM conversion and hydrogen productivity > 10 L h−1 gcat−1 at 280 °C, GHSV (gas hourly space velocity) = 15,000 h−1 and DMM:O2:H2O:N2 = 10:2.5:40:47.5 vol.%. Comparative studies showed that DMM OSR exceeded DMM steam reforming (SR) and DMM partial oxidation (PO) in terms of hydrogen productivity. Thus, the outcomes of lab-scale catalytic experiments show high promise of DMM oxidative steam reforming to produce hydrogen-rich gas for fuel cell feeding.
Living systems have a complex hierarchical organization that can be viewed as a set of dynamically interacting subsystems. Thus, to simulate the internal nature and dynamics of the whole biological system we should use the iterative way for a model reconstruction, which is a consistent composition and combination of its elementary subsystems. In accordance with this bottom-up approach, we have developed MAMMOTh (MAthematical Models of bioMOlecular sysTems) database that allows integrating manually curated mathematical models of biomolecular systems, which are fit to the experimental data. The database entries are organized as building blocks in a way that the model parts can be used in different combinations to describe systems with higher organizational level (metabolic pathways and/or transcription regulatory networks). The database supports export of single model or their combinations in SBML or Mathematica standards. The database currently contains more than 100 mathematical models for Escherichia coli elementary subsystems (enzymatic reactions and gene expression regulatory processes) that can be combined in at least 5100 complex/sophisticated models concerning such biological processes as: de novo nucleotide biosynthesis, aerobic/anaerobic respiration, and nitrate/nitrite utilization in E. coli. All current models are functionally interconnected and sufficiently complement public model resources.
The results are compared with previous LHCb measurements and with theoretical predictions from QCD.

A measurement of the cross-section for pp->Z->e+e- is presented using data at sqrt{s}=7TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 0.94 fb^{-1}. The process is measured within the kinematic acceptance pT>20GeV/c and 2Z->e+e-)=76.0+-0.8+-2.0+-2.6pb where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second is systematic and the third is the uncertainty in the luminosity. The measurement is performed as a function of Z rapidity and as a function of an angular variable which is closely related to the Z transverse momentum.

The measurement is performed as a function of Z rapidity and as a function of an angular variable which is closely related to the Z transverse momentum. The results are compared with previous LHCb measurements and with theoretical predictions from QCD.
All the entire and finite valued solutions are among the solutions of Euler and Lagrange.

A full list of entire and finite valued solutions of the three body problem in the form of functions, depending on a time variable, is established.

A full list of entire and finite valued solutions is established, confirming they are among the solutions of Euler and Lagrange.
We discuss various experiments on e + e -annihilation into hadrons relevant to the problem of the muon anomalous magnetic moment.They include a status of the ISR measurements of the e + e -→ π + π -as well as studies of numerous hadronic final states in experiments with the CMD-3 and SND detectors at the VEPP-2000 e + e -collider.
The splitting of the delta-layers in the DA-pHEMT heterostructures has resulted in the increase of the spacer's effective thickness and growth of the low-field 2DEG mobility from 4000÷5000 cm2 V-1 s-1 up to 6500 cm2 V-1 s-1 at the temperature of 300 K and 2DEG density of 4.0×1012 cm-2. The 2DEG mobility in the δ-splitted DA-pHEMT heterostructures almost coincides with the mobility in standard pHEMT heterostructures, but the 2DEG density in the DA-pHEMT heterostructures is approximately twice higher. The additional potential barrier in the DA-pHEMT heterostructures formed by the acceptors causes the reduction of the real-space transfer effect. Therefore, the drift saturation velocity in these heterostructures is higher than the drift saturation velocity in standard pHEMT heterostructures.
ANANASTRA is built on top of a systematic analysis of allelic imbalance in ChIP-Seq experiments and performs the ASB enrichment test against background sets of SNPs found in the same source experiments as ASB sites but not displaying significant allelic imbalance.

We present ANANASTRA, https://ananastra.autosome.org, a web server for the identification and annotation of regulatory single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with allele-specific binding events. ANANASTRA accepts a list of dbSNP IDs or a VCF file and reports allele-specific binding (ASB) sites of particular transcription factors or in specific cell types, highlighting those with ASBs significantly enriched at SNPs in the query list.

We illustrate ANANASTRA usage with selected case studies and expect that ANANASTRA will help to conduct the follow-up of GWAS in terms of establishing functional hypotheses and designing experimental verification.
We present new age constraints for igneous rocks and ore-metasomatic formations of the gold deposits in the Akzhal-Boko-Ashalin ore zone. In terms of their ore formation, these deposits correspond mainly to the orogenic type, which generally reflects specific metallogeny of the West Kalba gold-bearing belt in East Kazakhstan. Gold-quartz veins and mineralized zones of the gold-sulphide formation are confined to fractures feathering regional NW-striking and sublatitudinal faults. Their common features include the following: gold-bearing veinlet-disseminated pyrite-arsenopyrite ores that are localized in carbonaceous-sandy-schist and turbidite strata of different ages; structural-tectonic control of mineralization, numerous dikes of medium-basic compositions in ore-control zones; and the presence of post-orogenic heterochronous granite-granodiorite rocks, although their relation to gold-ore mineralization is not obvious. Igneous rocks of the study area have similar ages in a narrow range from 309.1±4.1 to 298.7±3.2 Ma, which is generally consistent with the previously determined age of granitoid massifs of gold-ore fields in East Kazakhstan. A younger age (292.9±1.3 to 296.7±1.6 Ma) is estimated for felsic rocks of the dyke complex. For the ore mineralization, the 40Ar/39Ar dating of sericite from near-ore metasomatites yields two age intervals, 300.4±3.4 Ma and 279.8±4.3 Ma. A gap between of the ages of the ore mineralization and the igneous rocks is almost 20 Ma, which may indicate that the processes of ore formation in the ore field continued in an impulse-like pattern for at least 20 Ma. Nevertheless, this confirms a relationship between the hydrothermal activity in the study area and the formation and evolution of silicic igneous rocks of the given age interval, which belong to the Kunush complex, according to previous studies. This interpretation is supported by reconstructed tectonic paleostress fields, showing that directions of the main normal stress axes changed during the ore mineralization stage, which is why the ore bodies significantly differ in their orientations. The above-mentioned data are the first age constraints for the study area. Additional age determinations are needed to further improve understanding of the chronology of ore-forming processes. Actually, all the features characterizing the gold mineralization of the Akzhal, Ashalin and Dauba ore fields, including the data on lithology, stratigraphy, structural tectonics, magmatism, isotope geochronology, mineralogy and geochemistry, can be used as criteria when searching for similar ore fields in East Kazakhstan.
The ratio of the electron and muon widths of the $J/\psi$ meson has been measured using direct $J/\psi$ decays in the KEDR experiment at the VEPP-4M electron-positron collider.

The result $\Gamma_{ee}(J/\psi)/\Gamma_{\mu\mu}(J/\psi)=1.0022\pm0.0044\pm0.0048\ (0.65\%)$ is in good agreement with the lepton universality.

The experience collected during this analysis will be used for a $J/\psi$ lepton width determination with up to 1% accuracy.
Seeded Self-modulation (SSM) has been demonstrated to transform a long proton bunch into many equidistant micro-bunches (e.g., the AWAKE case), which then resonantly excite strong wakefields. However, the wakefields in a uniform plasma suffer from a quick amplitude drop after reaching the peak. This is caused by a significant decrease of the wake phase velocity during self-modulation. A large number of protons slip out of focusing and decelerating regions and get lost, and thus cannot contribute to the wakefield growth. Previously suggested solutions incorporate a sharp or a linear plasma longitudinal density increase which can compensate the backward phase shift and therefore enhance the wakefields. In this paper, we propose a new plasma density profile, which can further boost the wakefield amplitude by 30%. More importantly, almost 24% of protons initially located along one plasma period survive in a micro-bunch after modulation. The underlying physics is discussed.
Subvolcanic environments in supra‐subduction zones are renowned for hosting epithermal deposits that often contain electrum and native gold, including bonanza examples.

This study examined mineral assemblages and processes occurring in shallow‐crust volcanic settings using recent eruption (2012–2013) of the basaltic Tolbachik volcano in the Kamchatka arc. The Tolbachik eruptive system is characterized by an extensive system of lava tubes. After cessation of magma input, the tubes maintained the flow of hot oxidized gases that episodically interacted with the lava surfaces and sulphate‐chloride precipitates from volcanic gases on these surfaces. The gas‐rock interaction had strong pyrometamorphic effects that resulted in the formation of molten salt, oxidized (tenorite, hematite, Cu‐rich magnesioferrite) and skarn‐like silicate mineral assemblages.

By analogy with experimental studies, we propose that a combination of these processes was responsible for extraction of metals from the basaltic wall rocks and deposition of Cu‐, Fe‐ and Cu‐Fe‐oxides and native gold.
We report the recent results on quarkonium (-like) states by the Belle experiment. A new charged charmonium-like state Zc(4200)+ decaying to J/ψπ+ is observed with a significance of 6.2σ. The mass and width of the Zc(4200)+ are 4196−29−13+31+17 MeV/c2 and 370−70−132+70+70 MeV, respectively; the preferred assignment of the quantum numbers is JP=1+. We also report the first observation of the e+e−→ω[π+π−π0]χbJ(J=1,2) processes at a center-of-mass energy of 10.867 GeV. In the π+π−π0 invariant mass spectrum, significant non-ω signals are also observed.
Protein synthesis is not a straight forward process and one gene locus can produce many isoforms, for example, by starting mRNA translation from alternative start sites. altORF evaluator (altORFev) predicts alternative open reading frames within eukaryotic mRNA translated by a linear scanning mechanism and its modifications (leaky scanning and reinitiation). The program reveals the efficiently translated altORFs recognized by the majority of 40S ribosomal subunits landing on the 5'-end of an mRNA. This information aids to reveal the functions of eukaryotic genes connected to synthesis of either unknown isoforms of annotated proteins or new unrelated polypeptides.altORFev is available at http://www.bionet.nsc.ru/AUGWeb/ and has been developed in Java 1.8 using the BioJava library; and the Vaadin framework to produce the web service.ak@bionet.nsc.ru.
The study aimed to assess the neural activity of different brain regions in patients with fragile X syndrome (FXS) and the healthy volunteers by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) on a 1.5 T MRI Achieva scanner (Philips). Results: The fMRI study showed a DMN of brain function in patients with FXS, as well as in the healthy volunteers. Furthermore, it was found that a default mode network of the brain in patients with FXS and healthy volunteers does not have statistically significant differences (p>0.05), which may indicate that the basal activity of neurons in patients with FXS is not reduced. In addition, we have found a significant (p<0.001) increase in the FC within the right inferior parietal and right angular gyrus in the resting state in patients with FXS. Conclusion: New data of functional status of the brain in patients with FXS were received. The significant increase in the resting state functional connectivity within the right inferior parietal and right angular gyrus (p<0.001) in patients with FXS was found.