Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Conducting plasma processes under high or low pressure is an efficient way to affect the heat, mass and momentum exchange in a two-phase flow and this technique is widely used in such well-developed technologies as low-pressure plasma spraying (LPPS) and high pressure plasma-chemical processes. In addition operating pressure is a key parameter in novel plasma process for modification of hollow powders properties. Plasma processing of porous ceramic powders is an effective method of producing hollow spheres (HOSP) with predefined properties. Regardless the method hollow powders were produced their geometric and structural properties can be adjusted by re-melting in plasma of certain pressure: low pressure processing will expand hollow spheres and high pressure – contract it. Regulating the outer diameter of hollow sphere allows adjusting its shell thickness, apparent density, gas pressure in the cavity etc. Preliminary experiments with zirconia hollow powders demonstrated good agreement with theoretical estimations of HOSP properties. The same technique can be used for adjusting properties of ceramic hollow powders produced by different methods, including cost effective fly-ash particles (cenospheres).
While Dehn functions D(n) of finitely presented groups have been well studied in the literature, mean Dehn functions have received less attention. Gromov introduced the notion of the mean Dehn function Dmean(n) of a group, suggesting that in many cases it should grow more slowly than the Dehn function itself

This paper presents computations pointing in this direction. In the case of any finite presentation of an infinite finitely generated abelian group (for which it is well known that D(n) ~ n2 except in the 1-dimensional case), we show that the three variants Dosmean(n), Dsmean(n) and Dmean(n) all are bounded above by Kn(In n)2, where the constant K depends only on the presentation (and the geodesic combing) chosen.

This improves an earlier bound given by Kukina and Roman'kov.
New results on exclusive hadron production in $e^+e^-$ annihilation obtained in experiments with the SND detector at the VEPP-2M and VEPP-2000 $e^+e^-$ colliders are presented.
The aim of this work was the analysis of structural changes with age in the hippocampus of senescenceaccelerated OXYS rats when signs of accelerated brain aging are missing (age 14 days), developments (age 5 months), and active progresses (age 15 months). The study was performed on 15 OXYS rats and 15 Wistar rats (as a control).

After dislocation, brains were dissected, fixed with 10% formalin, embedded in paraffin, and serially cut in coronal sections (5μm thickness). These sections were stained with Cresyl violet and examined with a photomicroscope (Carl Zeiss Axiostar plus, Germany). The total number of hippocampal pyramidal cells in the CA1, CA3 and the dentate gyrus regions were estimated in 14-dayold, 5and 15-month-old OXYS and Wistar rats (n = 5) on the 5 slices of each brain sections. The number of neurons with chromatolysis, hyperchromatic with darkly stained cytoplasm and shrunken neurons were calculated as degenerative neurons. The pictures obtained with the program Carl Zeiss Axio Vision 8.0 with increasing 10  100, determined the average area bodies and nuclei of neurons (mkm2).

The significant structural changes of neurons in the CA1, CA3 and dentate gyrus regions of the hippocampus in OXYS rats at 5 month of age are revealed by light microscopy. This results indicates the early develop neurodegeneration in OXYS rats. The most pronounced morphological changes occur in the CA1 region of the hippocampus of OXYS rats and irreversible. The degenerative changes of neurons in the hippocampus increases by the age of 15 months. Morphometric analysis of the average area of bodies and the nuclei of hippocampal neurons in CA1, CA3 and the dentate gyrus regions of OXYS and Wistar rats at 14 days of age showed no significant interline differences. At 5 months of age in the CA1 region of the hippocampus of OXYS rats was determined a significantly lower average body size and nuclei of pyramidal neurons compared with Wistar rats. With age, these changes have progressed and 15-month-old OXYS rats have a significant decrease in the area bodies and nuclei in all studied regions of the hippocampus compared with Wistar rats. These results confirm the promising use OXYS rats as a model of accelerated brain.
In this work, we have created a new experimental setup for studying heat transfer from a local heat source. The boiling heat transfer on the local heaters with a diameter of 5 and 1 mm has been investigated. It is shown that on the finned surfaces the overheating relative to the saturation temperature in comparison with a smooth surface decreases up to three times for the heater with a diameter of 5 mm. There is up to two times increase in heat transfer coefficient on finned surfaces as compared to the smooth ones. For finned surfaces on the heater with a diameter of 1 mm the surface overheating relative to the saturation temperature decreases in four times. More than three times increase is observed for the heat transfer coefficient on finned surfaces as compared to the smooth ones.
The purpose of the study was to present up-to-date data on the frequency and significance of a number of p53-responsive oncosuppressive micrornas genes methylation in malignant neoplasms of the blood system. Material and methods. The search for available literary sources published in the Pubmed and RISC databases was carried out. A total of 399 articles were found, of which 62 were included in this review. Results. The p53 protein regulates a whole class of microRNAs – highly conserved small RNA molecules that affect gene expression mainly by suppressing translation. МicroRNAs play an important role in all cellular processes and can have both oncosuppressive and pro-oncogenic properties. Impaired expression of p53-activated oncosuppressive micrornas in various tumors may be associated with specific epigenetic mechanisms (DNA methylation and histone deacetylation). The review examines the molecular and genetic characteristics of oncosuppressive micrornas functioning in normal hematopoiesis, the violation of expression of which is shown in the development of hemoblastoses, namely: miR-34a, miR-34b/c, miR-145, miR-143 and miR-203. It is known that the transcription of the genes of these microRNAs is carried out and regulated from their own promoters. The latest published research results on the diagnostic, prognostic and clinical significance of gene methylation of the microRNAs under consideration in malignant neoplasms of the blood system are presented. According to literature data, common targets for mir-34a, mir-34b/c, mir-145, mir-143 and miR-203 microRNAs are mRNAs of a number of pro-oncogenes, namely: transcription factor C-MYC, positive cell cycle regulators at the G1/S transition point of CDK4, CDK6 and CYCLIN-D1 phases, anti-apoptotic proteins MDM2, MDM4, BCL2 and MCL1, as well as DNMT3A and DNMT3B methyltransferases and other molecules. In this regard, it should be noted that there are positive feedbacks between p53 and microRNAs activated by it, as well as negative feedbacks between p53-responsive micrornas and C-MYC and DNA methyltransferases. Conclusion. Thus, the data presented in the review clarify the current understanding of the work of the regulatory network of the p53 protein and the micrornas activated by it, and also emphasize the functional association of p53-responsive microRNAs.
Transposable elements are the DNA sequences capable of transpositions within the genome and, thus, exerting a considerable influence on the genome functioning and structure and providing the source of new genes. Transposable elements are classified into retrotransposons and the DNA transposons. IS630/Tc1/mariner superfamily of DNA transposons is one of the most diverse groups broadly represented among the eukaryotes.

We identified a new group of Tc1 -like elements in the mollusks, which we named TLEWI . These DNA transposons are characterized by the low copy number, the lack of terminal inverted repeats and the presence of DD36E signature and the spliceosomal introns in transposase sequence. Their prevalence among the mollusks is limited to subclass Pteriomorpha (Bivalvia).

Since TLEWI possess the features of domesticated TE and the structure similar to the eukaryotic genes, which is not typical for the DNA transposons, we consider the hypothesis of co-optation of TLEWI gene by the bivalves.
Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) embraces a family of methods to increase signal intensities in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Despite extensive theoretical work that allows one to distinguish at least five distinct mechanisms, it remains challenging to determine the relative weights of the processes that are responsible for DNP in state-of-the-art experiments operating with stable organic radicals like nitroxides at high magnetic fields and low temperatures.

We propose an experimental approach to ascertain the prevalence of the thermal mixing regime by monitoring characteristic signature properties of the time evolution of the hyperpolarization.

We find that thermal mixing is the dominant DNP mechanism at high nitroxide radical concentrations, while a mixture of different mechanisms prevails at lower concentrations.
This article reports world averages of measurements of $b$-hadron, $c$-hadron, and $	au$-lepton properties obtained by the Heavy Flavor Averaging Group using results available through summer 2016.

For the averaging, common input parameters used in the various analyses are adjusted (rescaled) to common values, and known correlations are taken into account.

The averages include branching fractions, lifetimes, neutral meson mixing parameters, CP violation parameters, parameters of semileptonic decays and CKM matrix elements.
Dickinsonia in the central Urals occurs in a succession transitional from marginal marine to non-marine. Even within this sequence Dickinsonia appears to be restricted to the least marine facies interpreted as a coastal lagoon surrounded by tidal flats.

Another puzzling aspect is the complete absence of other Ediacaran taxa that are usually found together with Dickinsonia in other fossil localities.

In fact, the Sinii Kamen Member of the Cherny Kamen Formation yielded an assemblage of Ediacaran macrofossils including aspidellamorph and mawsonitomorph holdfasts, frondomorphs, palaeopascichnids, and concentric ring structures of microbial origin; however, fossils of Dickinsonia have never been found in this association.
The Worldwide LHC Computing Grid infrastructure links about 200 participating computing centres affiliated with several partner projects. It is built by integrating heterogeneous computer and storage resources in diverse data centres all over the world and provides CPU and storage capacity to the LHC experiments to perform data processing and physics analysis. In order to be used by the experiments, these distributed resources should be well described, which implies easy service discovery and detailed description of service configuration. Currently this information is scattered over multiple generic information sources like GOCDB, OIM, BDII and experiment-specific information systems. Such a model does not allow to validate topology and configuration information easily. Moreover, information in various sources is not always consistent. Finally, the evolution of computing technologies introduces new challenges. Experiments are more and more relying on opportunistic resources, which by their nature are more dynamic and should also be well described in the WLCG information system.

This contribution describes the new WLCG configuration service CRIC (Computing Resource Information Catalogue) which collects information from various information providers, performs validation and provides a consistent set of UIs and APIs to the LHC VOs for service discovery and usage configuration.

The main requirements for CRIC are simplicity, agility and robustness. CRIC should be able to be quickly adapted to new types of computing resources, new information sources, and allow for new data structures to be implemented easily following the evolution of the computing models and operations of the experiments.
The development of high-throughput genomic sequencing coupled with chromatin immunoprecipitation technologies allows studying the binding sites of the protein transcription factors (TF) in the genome scale. The growth of data volume on the experimentally determined binding sites raises qualitatively new problems for the analysis of gene expression regulation, prediction of transcription factors target genes, and regulatory gene networks reconstruction. Genome regulation remains an insufficiently studied though plants have complex molecular regulatory mechanisms of gene expression and response to environmental stresses. It is important to develop new software tools for the analysis of the TF binding sites location and their clustering in the plant genomes, visualization, and the following statistical estimates. This study presents application of the analysis of multiple TF binding profiles in three evolutionarily distant model plant organisms. The construction and analysis of non-random ChIP-seq binding clusters of the different TFs in mammalian embryonic stem cells were discussed earlier using similar bioinformatics approaches. Such clusters of TF binding sites may indicate the gene regulatory regions, enhancers and gene transcription regulatory hubs. It can be used for analysis of the gene promoters as well as a background for transcription networks reconstruction. We discuss the statistical estimates of the TF binding sites clusters in the model plant genomes. The distributions of the number of different TFs per binding cluster follow same power law distribution for all the genomes studied. The binding clusters in Arabidopsis thaliana genome were discussed here in detail.
The fast scintillation crystals such as pure CsI or LYSO(Ce) today are considered for timing measurements in future colliding beam experiments. The aim of such counters is to determine time of particles arrival with accuracy better than 100 ps.

The work is devoted to investigation of influence of Cherenkov radiation on the time resolution of the detectors based on LYSO(Ce) crystals.

The results of MC simulation and beam test are presented.
I.P. Shestakov constructed an example of a unital simple special Jordan superalgebra over the field of real numbers. It turned out to be a subsuperalgebra of the Jordan superalgebra of vector type, but not isomorphic to a superalgebra of this type. Moreover, its superalgebra of fractions is isomorphic to a Jordan superalgebra of vector type. Author constructed a similar example of a Jordan superalgebra over a field of characteristic~0 in which the equation $t^2+1=0$.

In this article we present an~example of a Jordan superalgebra with the same properties over an arbitrary field of characteristic 0.

A similar example of a superalgebra is found in the Cheng-Kac superalgebra.
An experimental investigation of a laminar-turbulent transition in a round jet flowing from a cylindrical tube with a diameter of 3.2 mm have been carried out. The range of Reynolds numbers in the experiments Re = Ud / v were of 700-12000. The measurements have been carried out via the PIV system. The profiles of average velocities and their pulsations in the laminar-turbulent transition zone have been obtained, as well as axial distributions of the longitudinal velocity and longitudinal velocity pulsations. Based on a comparison with the data of other authors, the effect of the initial conditions on the laminar-turbulent transition in a submerged jet has been shown.
Y-box-binding protein 1 (YB-1) is a multifunctional cellular factor overexpressed in tumors resistant to chemotherapy. An intrinsically disordered structure together with a high positive charge peculiar to YB-1 allows this protein to function in almost all cellular events related to nucleic acids including RNA, DNA and poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR). In the present study we show that YB-1 acts as a potent poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) cofactor that can reduce the efficiency of PARP1 inhibitors. Similarly to that of histones or polyamines, stimulatory effect of YB-1 on the activity of PARP1 was significantly higher than the activator potential of Mg2+ and was independent of the presence of EDTA. The C-terminal domain of YB-1 proved to be indispensable for PARP1 stimulation. We also found that functional interactions of YB-1 and PARP1 can be mediated and regulated by poly(ADP-ribose).
We report the first ground-based observation of the CATS-LIDAR onboard the ISS by the TAIGA-HiSCORE gamma-ray facility, and the MASTER-Tunka Robotic telescope. HiSCORE detects unscattered laser light directly from the ISS, at up to km-scale distance from the laser beam spot on ground. The ISS-LIDAR turns out to be a unique calibration tool, in particular to verify the absolute astronomical pointing of HiSCORE. We detected the LIDAR for 11 ISS-passages; among these were observations of forward scattering of the laser beam in dense clouds, which might carry information complementary to the LIDAR technique. We expect other air Cherenkov installations like IACTs to benefit from this light source.
X-chromosome inactivation, which occurs in female eutherian mammals is controlled by a complex X-linked locus termed the X-inactivation center (XIC). Previously it was proposed that genes of the XIC evolved, at least in part, as a result of pseudogenization of protein-coding genes. In this study we show that the key XIC gene Xist, which displays fragmentary homology to a protein-coding gene Lnx3, emerged de novo in early eutherians by integration of mobile elements which gave rise to simple tandem repeats. The Xist gene promoter region and four out of ten exons found in eutherians retain homology to exons of the Lnx3 gene. The remaining six Xist exons including those with simple tandem repeats detectable in their structure have similarity to different transposable elements. Integration of mobile elements into Xist accompanies the overall evolution of the gene and presumably continues in contemporary eutherian species. Additionally we showed that the combination of remnants of protein-coding sequences and mobile elements is not unique to the Xist gene and is found in other XIC genes producing non-coding nuclear RNA.
The review briefly presents two academic courses, ‘A History of China’ and ‘A History of Chinese Studies’ by S. V. Dmitriev published online on the “Youtube” platform. The creation of high-quality, publicly available educational resources significantly expands the opportunities for the study of historical sinological disciplines and sets a new standard for their teaching both in higher and supplementary education.
The BNCT-drugs (BSH and BPA) toxicity for 8-10-week-old severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) male mice outbred with SPF-status was studied.The possibility of increasing BPA (L-p-boron phenylalanine) and BSH (sodium salt of borocaptate) therapeutic dose was shown.The relationship between a safe therapeutic dose and the administration method of BPA was found.The intraperitoneal injection allows one to increase the dose of BPA at least twice -700 mg/kg b.w, BSH -at least 8 times, 800 mg/kg b.w with intraperitoneal injections.The BPA intraperitoneal and intratumoral injections demonstrate higher results in comparison with intravenous administration.The highest and statistically significant concentration of 10 В in the tumor was found for intraperitoneal injection of BPA for intratumoral injection of BPA -27±5 μg/g (heterotopic tumors, P=0.95).The highest tumor/blood ratio for BPA was 7.5 for intratumoral administration in the point of 1h (heterotopic tumors).The maximum concentration of 10 В with the introduction of BSH was with intravenous administration and was 8±3 μg/g (orthotopic tumors).The highest tumor/blood ratio was 9.5 for intravenous injection in 1h point (heterotopic tumors).
Background . Genetic modification of plants is one of the promising strategies to increase their resistance to insect pests. The development of metabolic or RNA interference systems for plant protection requires appropriate models of host-insect interactions. Nicotiana tabacum L. is a classical model plant used in molecular and metabolic engineering. We consider tobacco as a model for developing protective strategies against Colorado potato beetle ( Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say, CPB). Normally, tobacco is toxic for CPB due to high content of nicotine and related alkaloids in leaves. Modification of the tobacco genome could provide tobacco genotypes with altered metabolism suitable for CPB feeding. It is known that different mutations in Berberine Bridge-Like (BBL) genes cause different alterations in tobacco leaf alkaloid levels.

In the current study, the Cas9/gRNA system targeting members of the BBL gene family of tobacco was used to create a line which can serve as a diet for CPB. Results . In order to obtain tobacco with modified alkaloid content, two gRNAs matching target sequences in six BBL genes were selected. Each gRNA was cloned into a gRNA/Cas9 generic vector. The created constructs were mixed and used for biolistic transformation of tobacco leaf explants together with the pBI121 plasmid harboring the kanamycin resistance gene nptII and the reporter E.coli betaglucuronidase (GUS) gene. Regenerants were selected on 100 mg/l of kanamycin and checked for transgene presence by histochemical GUS-assay. Unexpectedly, the regenerated plants displayed a variety of adverse phenotypic effects including different degree of growth and rooting inhibition, early flowering, increased number of internodes, changes in leaf shape, fusion of flowers, longostyly, and partial sterility. Only one from seven obtained calli produced a population of regenerated plants without severe phenotypic abnormalities. The NtaBBL5-14 line of clonally propagated plants was selected from this population and used for a CPB feeding experiment. It was shown that CPB larvae consume the leaves of NtaBBL5-14 line ten times more efficiently than the leaves of control plants (97±0.5% vs. 9±3% in 24 h respectively).

Conclusion . The NtaBBL5-14 tobacco line is suitable for CPB feeding and can be further used as a model for studies in plant-pest interaction. The modification of other genes regulating nicotine metabolism can be a promising strategy to obtain tobacco plants edible for CPB with less pleiotropic effects.
Graded-index multimode optical fibers have recently attracted a renewed attention, thanks to the discovery of new nonlinear effects, such as Kerr beam self-cleaning. In essence, Kerr self-cleaning involves a flow of the propagating beam energy into the fundamental mode of the fiber, accompanied by a redistribution of the remaining energy among high-order modes. Increasing the fundamental mode energy leads to a significant improvement of the output beam quality. A standard method to determine beam quality is to measure the M2 parameter. However, since self-cleaning involves the nonlinear redistribution of energy among a large number of fiber modes, measuring a single beam quality parameter is not sufficient to characterize the effect.

A properly informative approach requires performing the mode decomposition of the output beam. Mode decomposition permits to evaluate the energy distribution among all of the excited fiber modes, which enables investigations of nonlinear mode coupling processes at a qualitatively new level. In this work, we demonstrate an efficiency mode decomposition method based on holography, which is suitable for analyzing the self-cleaning effect. In a theoretical study, we describe the solution of the mode decomposition problem for the modes of the gradedindex multimode fiber.

In an experimental investigation, we demonstrate the decomposition of both low-power (speckled) and self-cleaned beams, involving more than 80 modes.