Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Opisthorchiasis caused by the liver fluke Opisthorchis felineus is one of the most common helminthic infections in the Russian Federation. The largest area affected by opisthorchiasis felinea occupies almost the entire territory of Western Siberia and extends to northern Kazakhstan and a part of the Ural region. Natural endemic regions of opisthorchiasis also exist in the European part of Russia, and in the regions of Western and Eastern Europe. According to the official statistics of the Russian Federation, up to 40 000 patients with opisthorchiasis are registered annually in the country. Opisthorchiasis felinea affects the hepatobiliary system and causes serious liver disorders, including cancer of the biliary tract. Other parasitoses, opisthorchiasis viverrini and clonorchiasis, are widespread in the Southeast Asia and China. The causative agents of these diseases, liver flukes O. viverrini and Clonorchis sinensis , are officially recognized as Group 1 biological carcinogens and are classified as the main risk factors for cholangiocarcinoma. O. felineus is included in Group 3 of biological carcinogens and is not officially considered carcinogenic to humans. Studies on the carcinogenic potential of this liver fluke and the epidemiology of cholangiocarcinoma in the Russian Federation have started in earnest quite recently. Nevertheless, we have some evidence that infection with O. felineus leads to a precancerous state of the bile duct epithelium. This state, combined with additional risk factors, poses a real risk of cholangiocarcinoma. In our opinion, taking into consideration the accumulated facts, the classification of the carcinogenic potential of O. felineus requires revision. In this review, we focus on the relevant characteristics of the biology and epidemiology of this helminth as well as experimental data on opisthorchiasis felinea; this information might clarify the carcinogenicity of O. felineus to humans.
Exosomes are biological nanovesicles that participate in intercellular communication by transferring biologically active chemical compounds (proteins, microRNA, mRNA, DNA, and others). Due to their small size (diameter 40–100 nm) and high biological compatibility, exosomes are promising delivery tools in personalized therapy. Because artificial exosome synthesis methods are not developed yet, the urgent task is to develop an effective and safe way to obtain exosomes from natural sources. Milk is the only exosome-containing biological fluid that is commercially available. In this regard, milk exosomes are unique and promising candidates for new therapeutic approaches to treating various diseases, including cancer. The appearance of side effects during the use of cytotoxic and cytostatic agents is among the main problems in cancer chemotherapy. According to this, the targeted delivery of chemotherapeutic agents can be a potential solution to the toxic effect of chemotherapy. The ability of milk exosomes to carry out biologically active substances to the cell makes them promising tools for oral delivery of chemotherapeutic agents. This review is devoted to the methods of milk exosome isolation, their biological components, and prospects for their use in cancer treatment.
The importance of polymorphism of molecular crystals is hard to overestimate, especially when dealing with compounds used as materials or drugs. Different polymorphs of a drug substance may have different properties related to their manufacturing, therapeutic usage, or storage (density, hygroscopicity, melting points, thermal stability, solubility, rate of dissolution, surface free energy, toxicity, bioavailability, tabletting, etc.). Different polymorphs, solvates, and co-crystals can be patented, and this opens the way for a competition with brand drugs. Since the energies of different polymorphs are sometimes very close, producing desirable crystalline forms is quite a challenge and can also be complicated by the phenomena of concomitant polymorphism (when several polymorphs crystallize simultaneously from the same batch), or erratic and poorly reproducible (when crystallization gives different polymorphs even at seemingly identical experimental conditions).

The aim of the present study was to crystallize various solvates of furosemide, to check whether these solvates can be used as precursors for producing different polymorphs of pure furosemide on their subsequent decomposition upon heating, and to search any correlation between the crystal structures of the solvates and on the furosemide polymorphs produced by desolvation. Four solvates of furosemide with tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, dimethylformamide, and dimethylsulfoxide were crystallized. The detailed structural analysis of furosemide-containing crystal structures showed that the molecule of furosemide has a high conformational lability because of the rotations of the sulfamoyl and furanylmethylamino fragments. Some of the furosemide conformations were shown to be stabilized by the intramolecular N–H···Cl H-bond. Desolvation of the four solvates was studied by TG and X-ray diffraction and was shown to give different products depending on the precursor and particle size.

The detailed structural analysis of furosemide-containing crystal structures showed that the molecule of furosemide has a high conformational lability because of the rotations of the sulfamoyl and furanylmethylamino fragments. Some of the furosemide conformations were shown to be stabilized by the intramolecular N–H···Cl H-bond. Desolvation of the four solvates was studied by TG and X-ray diffraction and was shown to give different products depending on the precursor and particle size.
We experimentally demonstrate Anderson localization for optical pulses in time domain, using a photonic mesh lattice implemented with coupled optical fiber loops. We also discuss interplay of photonic band-gaps and disorder in such lattices.
In this paper, electromagnetic emissions produced by a beam-plasma system are investigated using particle-in-cell simulations for the particular case when the typical transverse size of both the 100 keV electron beam and the produced plasma channel is comparable to the radiation wavelength. The interest in this regime of beam-plasma interaction is associated with highly efficient generation of electromagnetic waves near the plasma frequency harmonics that has been recently observed in laboratory experiments on the GOL-3 mirror trap. It has been found that the radiation power only from the vicinity of the doubled plasma frequency in these experiments can reach 1% of the total beam power. Subsequent theoretical and simulation studies have shown that the most likely candidate for explaining such efficient generation of electromagnetic radiation is the mechanism of a beam-driven plasma antenna based on the conversion of the most unstable plasma oscillations on a longitudinal density modulation of plasma ions. In this paper, we investigate how effectively this mechanism can work in a real experiment at the GOL-3 facility, when a thin subrelativistic electron beam gets a large angular spread due to compression by a magnetic field, and the gas into which it is injected has macroscopic density gradients.
We present the numerical study of the statistical properties of the partially coherent quasi-CW high-Q cavity Raman fiber laser.

The statistical properties are different for the radiation generated at one or many cavity passes. It is found that rare extreme events are generated at the far spectral wings of the spectrum. The mechanism of the extreme events generation is a turbulent-like four-wave mixing of numerous longitudinal generation modes.
А method for determining tellurium in tellurium-containing organic compounds (TOC) by a microwave plasmaatomic emission spectrometer Agilent 4100 has been suggested.

One of the sample decomposition methods -the oxygen flask combustion or the acid decomposition in a heating block-can be applied. Telluradiazole derivatives and some other TOC with 20 to 58% tellurium content have been analyzed.

Elements such as nitrogen, sulfur, potassium, selenium present in the TOC do not prevent from determining tellurium. The relative error of the analysis is 1-5%.
Reaction of pinocarvone oxime with enamines and FeCl3 or CuCl2 resulted in annulation of nopinane carbon frame with pyridine and regioselective formation of chiral nopinane-annelated pyridines in 20–39% yields.

Chemical structure of the pyridine derivatives were proved by precise NMR study.
Microscopic images are widely used in plant biology as an essential source of information on morphometric characteristics of the cells and the topological characteristics of cellular tissue pattern due to modern computer vision algorithms. High-resolution 3D confocal images allow extracting quantitative characteristics describing the cell structure of leaf epidermis.

We aimed to develop a tool for processing multi-frame multi-channel 3D images obtained from confocal laser scanning microscopy and taking into account the peculiarities of the cereal leaves staining. We elaborated an ImageJ-plugin LSM-W2 that allows extracting data on Leaf Surface Morphology from Laser Scanning Microscopy images. The plugin is a crucial link in a workflow for obtaining data on structural properties of leaf epidermis and morphological properties of epidermal cells. It allows converting large lsm-files (laser scanning microscopy) into segmented 2D/3D images or tables with data on cells and/or nuclei sizes.

The proposed plugin is efficient for high-throughput analysis of cellular architecture for cereal leaf epidermis. The workflow implies using inexpensive and rapid sample preparation and does not require the applying of transgenesis and reporter genetic structures expanding the range of species and varieties to study. Obtained characteristics of the cell structure and patterns further could act as a basis for the development and verification for spatial models of plant tissues formation mechanisms accounting for structural features of cereal leaves.
The article is devoted to research of features of mythological model, which is reflected in the late journalism of Valentin Rasputin. The complex of interconnected myths is revealed, their historical roots are traced.

The article traces the ways of constructing the author's myth. The writer's mythology is based on non-critical use of concepts and myths and is based on archetypes of national mythology. Besides, the writer constructs the myth with the help of language tools, creating neologisms and using estimation vocabulary.

The eschatological myth is considered; the author shows that the messianic idea of Russia's unique role in the world is accompanied by the construction of the enemy image. Images of internal enemies (liberals) and external enemies (Europe and America) are demonized. The eschatological experiences of the crisis moments of 'adjustment period' and the beginning of the 21st century are accompanied by utopian nostalgia for the 'Golden Age', which the writer saw in the historical background of Russia, particularly in the Soviet era. The article considers Rasputin's utopian idea of power and the government leader. Denying liberal values, the writer asserts the idea of a strong ruler, whose main function is to 'fulfill God's laws'. Stalin is recognized as an example of a leader who expressed the 'national spirit'. Rasputin's mythology has common features with the concept of 'Third Rome' and with some categories of Old Russian autocratic ideology of the 16th century, as well as with the ideas of Old Believers. Rasputin's mythological model reflects the conceptual core of conservative ideology.
This paper presents a comparison of chemical and plasma electrolyte polishing methods for preparing a copper substrate for graphene synthesis by chemical vapour deposition.

It is shown that in order to achieve the most uniform morphology of the surface of the copper substrate, it is preferable to use the electrolyte-plasma polishing method. With its help, the proportion of multilayer regions in the graphene coating obtained as a result of CVD synthesis decreases.

The obtained results may serve a recommendation for creating a graphene coating with specified parameters.
Identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and candidate genes that affect growth intensity is a prerequisite for the marker-assisted selection of economically important traits. The number of QTL studies on sheep is relatively small in comparison to those on cattle and pigs. The current QTL sheep database - Sheep QTLdb - contains information on 1658 QTLs for 225 different traits. A few genes and markers associated with growth, carcass and meat productivity traits have been reported. The information about QTLs from the Sheep QTLdb cannot be directly used in marker-assisted selection due to the lack of essential information such as effective and reference alleles, the effect direction etc., and it requires manual curation and validation. In this study we performed a comprehensive search for QTLs focusing on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with growth and meat traits in sheep. The database contains information about 156 SNP-trait associations (123 unique SNPs) and a list of 165 associated genes. The updated information is freely available at https://github.com/Defrag1236/Ovines_2018 (last access: 18 September 2019). This information can be useful for further association studies and preliminary estimation of genetic variability for economically important traits in different breeds.
A stationary thermocapillary rivulet structure formed in a film of a liquid falling over a semi-infinite heater is theoretically and experimentally investigated. Nonlinear three-dimensional rivulets on the surface of a liquid film under constant wall temperature conditions are simulated numerically. It is shown that the developed rivulet structure varies very little downstream. The results of calculations for small and moderate Reynolds numbers are in good agreement with experimental data.
Full-size genes coding matrix proteins VP40 of Ebola virus (VE) and Marburg virus (VM) and nucleoprotein (NP) of VE were cloned.

These genes expression in Escherichia coli and purification of their products by affinity chromatography using Ni-NTA agarose permitted to obtain full-size recombinant VP40 and NP proteins of filoviruses. Immunological studies showed the recombinant polypeptides to possess antigenic properties similar to those of the native viral proteins.

These proteins can be used for constructing of experimental vaccines against filoviruses and improving immunodiagnostic tests against filoviral infections.
German positivistic and Soviet Marxist views have strongly determined the modern Russian constitutional discourse.

overview of its historical preconditions and analysis of recent significant cases of the Russian Constitutional Court. There is a discussion of gay activist Alekseyev’s case and “foreign agents’ law” case in constitutional practice as most significant examples of positivistic way of legal reasoning.

legal positivism through its form – legal formalism is the main ideology in the modern constitutional practice in Russia. This ideology is based on the assumption that constitutional justice can find social truth.
A high-energy (0.93 nJ) all-fiber erbium femtosecond oscillator operating in the telecom spectral range is proposed and realized.

The laser cavity, built of commercially available fibers and components, combines polarization maintaining (PM) and non-PM parts providing stable generation of highly chirped (chirp parameter 40) pulses compressed in an output piece of standard PM fiber to 165 fs. The results of the numerical simulation agree well with the experiment.

The analyzed intracavity pulse dynamics enables the classification of the generated pulses as dissipative solitons.
Active polar transport of the plant hormone auxin carried out by its PIN transporters is a key link in the formation and maintenance of auxin distribution, which, in turn, determines plant morphogenesis. The plasticity of auxin distribution is largely realized through the molecular genetic regulation of the expression of its transporters belonging to the PIN-FORMED (PIN) protein family. Regulation of auxin-response genes occurs through the ARF-Aux/ IAA signaling pathway. However, it is not known which ARF-Aux/IAA proteins are involved in the regulation of PIN gene expression by auxin. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the PIN, ARF, and Aux/IAA families contain a larger number of members; their various combinations are possible in realization of the signaling pathway, and this is a challenge for understanding the mechanisms of this process.

The use of high-throughput sequencing data on auxin-induced transcriptomes makes it possible to identify candidate genes involved in the regulation of PIN expression. To address this problem, we created an approach for the meta-analysis of auxin-induced transcriptomes, which helped us select genes that change their expression during the auxin response together with PIN1, PIN3, PIN4 and PIN7. Possible regulators of ARF-Aux/ IAA signaling pathway for each of the PINs under study were identif ied, and so were the aspects of their regulatory circuits both common for groups of PIN genes and specif ic for each PIN gene. Reconstruction of gene networks and their analysis predicted possible interactions between genes and served as an additional conf irmation of the pathways obtained in the meta-analysis.

The approach developed can be used in the search for gene expression regulators in other genomewide data. We predicted that regulation of auxin-induced expression of PIN occurs through several ARF-Aux/IAA regulatory circuits mediated by combinations of ARF4, ARF10 and IAA4, IAA12, IAA17, IAA18 and IAA32. Some of these are specific for the auxin response involving individual PIN proteins, while others are common for several PIN proteins.
The aim of the study was to determine the efficacy of recombinant human interferon lambda 1 (IFN-λ1) against human adenovirus serotype 5 in a culture of human conjunctival cells Chang conjunctiva clone 1-5c-4.

Material and methods. The study design consisted of three experimental schemes, reflecting a prophylactic and two options for a therapeutic and prophylactic treatment regimen (with the constant presence of the virus in the culture medium and with its removal after adsorption). The antiviral activity of IFN-λ1 was determined by the number of viable cells after exposure to the virus (MTT test).

Results and discussion. It has been established that IFN-λ1 has antiviral activity against human adenovirus in vitro under a prophylactic and therapeutic-prophylactic scheme of administration at an infection dose of 1 and 10 TCID 50 (50% tissue culture infectious dose), but not at an infection dose of 100 TCID 50 . The antiviral effect of the use of IFN-λ1 in a therapeutic and prophylactic regimen at an infection dose of 1 TCID 50 was comparable to that of IFN-α. At the same time, both interferons did not have a toxic effect on the cell culture even at a concentration of 84 and 58 μg/ml, respectively. The antiviral activity and the absence of cytotoxic action provide the basis for further study of the possibility of development of based on IFN-λ1 drug for eye conjunctiva viral diseases treatment.
The clinical case of the successful use of the myocardial cytoprotector trimetazidine as a universal anti-ischemic agent in a patient with hemodynamic angina due to myocardial bridging is described.

The pathogenetic rationale for this prescription is presented.

The successful use of trimetazidine as a universal anti-ischemic agent in a patient with hemodynamic angina due to myocardial bridging is described.
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the nutrition in adolescents with different weight status.

In April-May 2019,a cross-sectional population survey was conducted on a random representative sample of schoolchildren aged 14-18 years of both sexes, 612 people were examined: 249 boys (40.9%), 360 girls (59.1%). Diet recall was taken in 537 persons.The survey program included a standard questionnaire,anthropometry,and assessment of diet using 24-hour dietary recall (537 persons). Based on IOTF criteria, 5 body mass index categories were identified:underweight,normal weight,overweight,obesity,extreme obesity.Because of low prevalence of obesity and extreme obesity in the study these groups were combined with the overweight group and further 3 groups were analyzed:underweight,normal weight and overweight.

The prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescents in Novosibirsk was 22.1% in boys and 14.4% in girls. Disturbances in the structure of nutrition were revealed both in the studied sample of adolescents in general, and in the group of boys and girls with overweight and obesity. Quotas of fat energy in general, saturated fatty acids, easily digestible sugars exceed recommended levels. The fiber content was below the recommended level by more than 2 times. Above 80% of overweight adolescents underestimate energy intake. Percent of under-reporting of energy intake in boys was 45,8% in underweight group; 48,6% in normal weight group;80,6% in overweight group.In girls – 26,8%,54,1% and 85,1%, respectively. The results show that both adolescents with overweight and obesity, as well as with normal indicators of physical development, need to optimize nutrition
In this paper we describe a mathematical apparatus and software implementation of a module of the RiskPanel system, aimed to compare computer-security knowledge learned from various online sources.

To describe this process, we use model-theoretic formalism. The knowledge of a particular computer attack obtained from the same source is formalized as an underdetermined algebraic system, which we call a generalized case. The knowledge base is a set of generalized cases. To implement the knowledge comparison, we construct a generalized fuzzy model, the product of all algebraic systems stored in the database. We consider an algorithm for computing consistent truth values and describe a software implementation of the developed methods.

The developed algorithm has polynomial complexity.
The paper is devoted to the application of the least-squares collocation method for solving the two- and one-dimensional problems in the mechanics of deformable solids.

Calculation results of the deflections of isotropic and orthotropic elastic plates within the framework of various theories are presented. Numerical and mathematical modeling of three-point bending of composite beams was carried out taking into account nonlinear stress-strain relationships, multi-modulus behavior, and incipient fracture.

This paper shows that approximate solutions obtained by the hp-version of the least-squares collocation method converge with a high order and agree with analytical solutions of test problems with a high degree of accuracy. It was found that the simulation results are in good agreement with the results of mechanical tests of three-point bending of composite beams.
The work is devoted to the investigation of helium and transport permeability of hollow microspherical membranes on the example of different types of glass microspheres.

In the course of the studies, an experimental stand was prepared for obtaining sorption-desorption curves for various gases at specified pressures and temperatures. The technique of carrying out the experiment and processing the experimental data for purpose of determining the coefficient of helium permeability of the investigated type of hollow microspherical membranes has been worked out.

Narrow fractions of microspheres measuring 50-63 μm in diameter are identified for two types of microspheres, MS-V-1L and MS-VP-A9, the values of the helium permeability coefficient of the material of the particle walls are determined in the temperature range from 20 to 150 °C. Work has also been carried out to determine the transport characteristics of the medium formed by microspheres of various types: the gas permeability coefficient, the propagation velocity of the pressure wave in the medium, the time of filling the adsorber with microspheres.