Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Liquid phase levulinic acid hydrogenation into γ-valerolactone in 1,4-dioxane as a solvent (165°C, 20 bar) was studied over a range of Ru monometallic catalysts using mesoporous carbon material Sibunit as a support. In addition to the catalyst prepared by impregnation with RuCl3∙nH2O (0.1 M) followed by reduction in H2, size-controlled Ru(NPs)/Sibunit catalysts were synthesized by immobilization of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) stabilized Ru nanoparticles (NPs) (dRu=2.4 nm). Сarbon supported colloidal Ru NPs were not studied earlier in levulinic acid hydrogenation. Activity of colloidal Ru(NPs)/Sibunit catalysts was found to be lower than that of impregnated Ru/Sibunit which could be attributed to hampering effect of PVP. However, colloidal Ru(NPs)/Sibunit purified by thermal treatment in air (180°C) followed by reduction in H2 (400°C) exhibited the same activity as impregnated one yielding 93% γ-valerolactone at 100% levulinic acid conversion. Applicability of supported PVP-assisted colloidal Ru NPs in hydrogenation of levulinic acid illustrates a potential to prepare more efficient catalysts for this reaction with a desired particle size. The catalysts were characterized by TEM, XRF, and N2 physisorption to compare their physical chemical properties
We have recently shown that IgGs from serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of MS patients are active in hydrolysis of DNA and myelin basic protein. According to literature data, anti-DNA and anti-MBP abzymes may promote important neuropathologic mechanisms in this chronic inflammatory disorder and in MS pathogenesis development. At the same time, the involvement of antibodies with amylase activity in the pathogenesis of any autoimmune disease has not yet been identified.

Electrophoretically and immunologically homogeneous IgGs were obtained by a sequential affinity chromatography of the CSF proteins on protein G-Sepharose and FPLC gel filtration.

We are able to present the first unpredictable evidence showing that IgGs from CSF possess amylase activity and efficiently hydrolyze maltoheptaose; their average specific Ab activity is ~30-fold higher than that of antibodies from sera of the same MS patients. Specific average RA (SAA) for IgGs from healthy volunteers was approximately ~1000 lower than that for MS patients. In addition, it was shown that a relative SAA of total proteins of CSF (including Abs) ~15-fold lower than that for purified IgGs, while the relative SAA of the total sera protein is higher than that of sera IgGs by a factor of 1033. This result speaks in favor of the fact that amylolytic activity of CSF proteins is mainly caused by the activity of amylase abzymes. One cannot exclude, that amylase abzymes of CSF can play a, as yet unknown, role in the pathogenesis of MS. Some possible reasons of these findings are discussed.
A panel of specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against synthetic pentasaccharide β-D-Galf-(1→5)-[β-D-Galf-(1→5)]3-α-D-Manp, structurally related to Aspergillus fumigatus galactomannan, was generated using mice immunized with synthetic pentasaccharide-BSA conjugate and by hybridoma technology. Two selected mAbs, 7B8 and 8G4, could bind with the initial pentasaccharide with affinity constants of approximately 5.3 nM and 6.4 nM, respectively, based on surface plasmon resonance-based biosensor assay. The glycoarray, built from a series of synthetic oligosaccharide derivatives representing different galactomannan fragments, demonstrated that mAb 8G4 could effectively recognize the parental pentasaccharide while mAb 7B8 recognizes its constituting trisaccharide parts. Immunofluorescence studies showed that both 7B8 and 8G4 could stain A. fumigatus cells in culture efficiently, but not the mutant strain lacking galactomannan. In addition, confocal microscopy demonstrated that Candida albicans, Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus plantarum, and numerous gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria were not labeled by mAbs 7B8 and 8G4. The generated mAbs can be considered promising for the development of a new specific enzyme-linked assay for detection of A. fumigatus, which is highly demanded for medical and environmental controls.
This study introduces a new southern Siberian rock art site, situated on the Unyuk Mountain, in the Minusinsk Basin, and studied in 20I6-20I7. Stylistically, the main petroglyphs date to the Late Bronze Age, i.e. late 2nd to early 1st millennia BC. Of special interest are images of oxen with ropesfixed in their noses. Such petroglyphs are rare in that region. In one case, the ox is tied to a pillar; in the other case, a man leads it. The composition consisting of a man and an ox walking in one direction is repeated thrice. All the known petroglyphic images of a man holding a rope attached to an ox’s nose were found on the right bank of the Yenisei.

This may be due to the cultural and economic specificity of the southeastern, forest-steppe part of the Minusinsk Basin. At the same time, these images may be a local variant of the composition “man walking with an ox”, which occurs mainly in more southerly areas of the Altai-Sayan. Another rare petroglyph found on the Unyuk Mountain shows a pillar with a triple top. Its parallels, found at other petroglyphic sites in the Minusinsk Basin, are described.

They may refer either to everyday practice or to beliefs about the dead person’s travel to the nether world.
Proceeds in the form of a mineral extraction tax are one of the main items of income for the federal budget of Russia. Due to the use of preferential ratios in calculating the tax rate of the mineral extraction tax on oil, it can be said that there are tax amounts that were not received by the budget due to the use of tax incentives. As part of this study, the actual and real tax burden of the oil-producing regions of Russia was calculated and analyzed. The applied method of clustering of oil-producing regions allowed us to identify clusters depending on the volume of oil production and the real average tax burden on mineral extraction tax in the form of oil. The results showed that the mineral extraction tax in the form of oil is not characterized by a direct relationship between the tax base and the tax rate.
The study reveals the place and role of humanism in the philosophy of K. Marx and J.-P. Sartre. The existential aspects of their teachings that allow one to consider these philosophers as equal are analyzed. A comparison of humanistic motifs in Marx and Sartre's works has been made, and the conclusion is drawn that their description of the "world of alienation" is the same. However, they consider the pre-existing and post-existing reality differently, which is due to different positions on the relationship between essence and existence.
The indigenous populations of inner Eurasia, a huge geographic region covering the central Eurasian steppe and the northern Eurasian taiga and tundra, harbor tremendous diversity in their genes, cultures and languages.

In this study, we report novel genome-wide data for 763 individuals from Armenia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Mongolia, Russia, Tajikistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. We furthermore report genome-wide data of two Eneolithic individuals (∽5,400 years before present) associated with the Botai culture in northern Kazakhstan.

We find that inner Eurasian populations are structured into three distinct admixture clines stretching between various western and eastern Eurasian ancestries. This genetic separation is well mirrored by geography. The ancient Botai genomes suggest yet another layer of admixture in inner Eurasia that involves Mesolithic hunter-gatherers in Europe, the Upper Paleolithic southern Siberians and East Asians. Admixture modeling of ancient and modern populations suggests an overwriting of this ancient structure in the Altai-Sayan region by migrations of western steppe herders, but partial retaining of this ancient North Eurasian-related cline further to the North. Finally, the genetic structure of Caucasus populations highlights a role of the Caucasus Mountains as a barrier to gene flow and suggests a post-Neolithic gene flow into North Caucasus populations from the steppe.
The resistivity of different films and structures containing fluorinated graphene (FG) flakes and chemical vapor deposition (CVD)-grown graphene of various fluorination degrees under tensile and compressive strains due to bending deformations was studied.

Graphene and multilayer graphene films grown by means of the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method were transferred onto the flexible substrate by laminating and were subjected to fluorination. They demonstrated a weak fluorination degree (F/C lower 20%). FG films created from the suspension of the fluorinated graphene with a fluorination degree of 20-25%, after the exclusion of design details of the used structures, demonstrated a stable resistivity at least up to 2-3% of tensile and compressive strain.

Compressive strains led to a strong (one-two orders of magnitude) decrease in the resistivity in both cases, which was most likely connected with the formation of additional conductive paths through fluorinated graphene. Tensile strain up to 3% caused by the bending of both types of CVD-grown FG led to a constant value of the resistivity or to an irreversible increase in the resistivity under repeated strain cycles. The scale of resistance changes ΔR/R0 was found to be in the range of 14-28% with a different sign at the 10% tensile strain (bending radius 1 mm). In the case of the structures with the FG thin film printed on polyvinyl alcohol, a stable bipolar resistive switching was observed up to 6.5% of the tensile strain (bending radius was 2 mm). A further increase in strain (6.5-8%) leads to a decrease in ON/OFF current ratio from 5 down to 2 orders of magnitude. The current ratio decrease is connected with an increase under the tensile strain in distances between conductive agents (graphene islands and traps at the interface with polyvinyl alcohol) and thickness of fluorinated barriers within the active layer. The excellent performance of the crossbar memristor structures under tensile strain shows that the FG films and structures created from suspension are especially promising for flexible electronics.
Critical stresses for quasi-brittle bimaterial with edge cracks have been obtained. Cracks along the plane interface of the bimaterial are simulated as bilateral cuts. The critical stresses correspond to necessary and sufficient fracture criteria and those are lower-bound and upper-bound estimates for critical states of a system. The embrittlement effect is revealed by comparison of fracture between bimaterial and homogeneous material. Estimates for effective diameters of grain separation have been obtained. It is noted that T -stress affects critical stresses for very short cracks, so for cracks occupying the most of a specimen width. Critical stresses have been derived above which specimens are broken apart. Subareas on the plot of external load versus crack length are singled out where damage accumulation in material takes place after single loading. Comparison of critical stresses with the subareas mentioned above for homogeneous materials and bimaterials has been performed. KeywordsBrittle and Quasi-Brittle Fracture; Structured Materials; Edge Crack; Bimaterial
The article presents the results of the study of the effect of the non-simultaneous measurement of electrical and electromagnetic logging signals on the determination of the parameters of the geoelectric model by joint numerical inversion. The radial profile of the electrical resistivity is calculated for different times after drilling in the program for modeling the process of mud invasion into a porous permeable formation with parameters characteristic of the BS cretaceous reservoir. For this continuous resistivity profile electric log signals are calculated for the reservoir of unlimited thickness.
We review our recent experimental results on the cascaded Raman conversion of highly multimode laser diode (LD) pump radiation into the first- and higher-order Stokes radiation in multimode graded-index fibers. A linear cavity composed of fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) inscribed in the fiber core is formed to provide feedback for the first Stokes order, whereas, for the second order, both a linear cavity consisting of two FBGs and a half-open cavity with one FBG and random distributed feedback (RDFB) via Rayleigh backscattering along the fiber are explored. LDs with different wavelengths (915 and 940 nm) are used for pumping enabling Raman lasing at different wavelengths of the first (950, 954 and 976 nm), second (976, 996 and 1019 nm) and third (1065 nm) Stokes orders. Output power and efficiency, spectral line shapes and widths, beam quality and shapes are compared for different configurations. It is shown that the RDFB cavity provides higher slope efficiency of the second Stokes generation (up to 70% as that for the first Stokes wave) with output power up to ~30 W, limited by the third Stokes generation. The best beam quality parameter of the second Stokes beam is close to the diffraction limit (M2~1.3) in both linear and half-open cavities, whereas the line is narrower (<0.2 nm) and more stable in the case of the linear cavity with two FBGs. However, an optimization of the FBG reflection spectrum used in the half-open cavity allows this linewidth value to be approached. The measured beam profiles show the dip formation in the output pump beam profile, whereas the first and second Stokes beams are Gaussian-shaped and almost unchanged with increasing power. A qualitative explanation of such behavior in connection with the power evolution for the transmitted pump and generated first, second and third Stokes beams is given. The potential for wavelength tuning of the cascaded Raman lasers based on LD-pumped multimode fibers is discussed.
Field studies were carried out using electrotomography in the Sel’ungur cave (Kyrgyzstan) in 2017. In the course of this work, a question aroused about the reliability of the obtained data. A numerical experiment based on three-dimensional modeling was performed to assess the influence of the walls and ceiling of the cave on the results of a two-dimensional inversion using the half-space program. It has been established that in the case of diverging cave walls, their influence improves the result of inversion problem. So, the thickness of the loose sedimentary layer in the cave and the electrical resistivity of rocks are restored better than the inversion model of a two-layer half-space.
The studies of the structural transformation of BiSbTeSe 2 topological insulator during Co deposition were carried out. It was shown that Co, being deposited on BiSbTeSe 2 (0001) at 330°C, substantially modifies topmost part of the substrate. Reciprocal space mapping studies using RHEED data analysis reveal formation of the well-ordered layer with the modified composition and crystalline structure. It was found that this layer consists of three orthorhombic structural domains oriented at 120° to each other. Each domain has Pmnn space group characteristic fot CoTe x Se 2-x . The lattice parameters and epitaxial relations were found.
4-oxo-4H-pyran-2.6-dicarboxylic acid (chelidonic acid, ChA) in the native state and in the complex with calcium [Ca(ChA)(H2O)3], named saucalchelin (CaChA), was isolated from the extract of Saussurea controversa leaves for the first time for the Asteraceae family. The structure of ChA was determined by NMR, MS and confirmed by X-ray analysis of its monomethyl ester, and CaChA was described by IR, ICP-MS, CHN analysis. The yield of ChA and CaChA was 45 mg/g and 70 mg/g of extract, respectively.

The osteogenic activity of ChA, n-monobutyl ester of chelidonic acid, and CaChA has been studied in vitro in a 21-day culture of human adipose-derived multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (hAMMSCs) in a standard nutrient medium without osteogenic supplements.

CaChA significantly stimulated the growth of cell mass and differentiation of hAMMSCs into osteoblasts with subsequent mineralization of the culture and it may be a promising substance for accelerating bone tissue regeneration and engineering.
A diagnostic neutral beam injector DINA-KI60 has been developed and produced for upgraded T-15 tokamak (Kurchatov Institute, Moscow). The system will be primarily used for measurement of the ion temperature by charge-exchange recombination spectroscopy (CXRS), for magnetic field measurements via motional Stark effect (MSE) and investigation of plasma turbulence by Beam emission spectroscopy (BES). The ion source provides 60 keV, 6 A hydrogen beam with low angular divergence less than 10 mrad. Ions are extracted from a plasma created by an arc-discharge source with cold cathode and, after accelerating and focusing, are neutralized in a gas target. The extracted beam has about 86% of full energy specie. The grids of ion optical system are spherically curved providing geometric focusing of the beam at a distance 4 m. Diagnostic neutral beam has been successfully tested at Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics at 2 seconds pulse duration with modulation of the beam (duty ratio from 1:1 to 1:3).
The tagging system of the KEDR detector is a symmetrical focusing magnetic spectrometer for electrons and positrons scattered at small angles; it is embedded into the lattice of the VEPP-4M collider and intended for two-photon processes study. It measures scattered electron energy with resolution Δ E/E0=0.03% ... 0.6% (E0 is the beam energy). For precise energy scale calibration two methods are used: tagging of bremsstrahlung electron/positron by the photon energy measured by BGO calorimeter, and direct calibration using Compton backscattering spectrum edge. This report covers design and current status of the calibration system.
Cell‐surface‐bound extracellular DNA (csbDNA) is present on the outer membrane of blood cells, including both red blood cells and leukocytes. Although less well characterized than cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) in plasma and serum, leukocyte and red blood cell csbDNA form a considerable fraction of the blood extracellular nucleic acids pool, with typically at least comparable amount of DNA occurring bound to the outer surface of cells as compared with circulating free DNA in plasma.

The cellular origin of csbDNA is not clear; however, as with cfDNA, in patients with cancer a proportion is derived from the tumor, thus making it potentially a useful source of DNA for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring.
In this work a muon beam profile monitor based on a thin CsI(Tl) screen with optical readout is suggested. This monitor is intended to measure an upcoming surface muon beam to the silica aerogel target of the muon g −2/EDM experiment at J-PARC. The measurements of luminophore foil parameters with a camera were done as well as the test of the monitor prototype with a surface muon beam at D2 beamline in J-PARC MLF.
For the first time, rupture event scanning (REVS) procedure based on quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and involving only mechanical action was used to determine the height of the energy barrier for dsDNA unwinding. The mechanism of DNA unwinding in QCM-based experiments through the unzipping mode, as proposed by us in previous works, was confirmed.

Melting point was determined with the help of this procedure. To determine the thermodynamic parameters including enthalpy, DNA denaturation was represented as a unimolecular process. This allowed us to recover the energy profiles from the experimental data obtained by force measurements at different scanning times (reaction times) for different temperatures. The thus obtained results were compared with the data obtained with the help of another mechanical method, namely, atomic force microscopy.

Thus, we demonstrated that REVS procedure may be used to assess the thermodynamic parameters of dsDNA unwinding.
In this paper we consider the palindromic width of free nilpotent groups. In particular, we prove that the palindromic width of a finitely generated free nilpotent group is finite. We also prove that the palindromic width of a free abelian-by-nilpotent group is finite.
We report results of a study of doubly charmed baryons and charmed strange baryons.

The analysis is performed using a $980\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ data sample collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collider. We search for doubly charmed baryons ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Xi}}}_{cc}^{+(+)}$ with the ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}_{c}^{+}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}({\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+})$ and ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Xi}}}_{c}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}({\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+})$ final states. We also search for two excited charmed strange baryons, ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Xi}}}_{c}(3055{)}^{+}$ and ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Xi}}}_{c}(3123{)}^{+}$ with the ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}}_{c}^{++}(2455){K}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ and ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}}_{c}^{++}(2520){K}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ final states. We also study properties of the ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Xi}}}_{c}(2645{)}^{+}$.

No significant signal is observed. The ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Xi}}}_{c}(3055{)}^{+}$ signal is observed with a significance of 6.6 standard deviations including systematic uncertainty, while no signature of the ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Xi}}}_{c}(3123{)}^{+}$ is seen. We measure a width of $2.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2(\text{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.4(\text{syst})\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}/{c}^{2}$, which is the first significant determination.
Depth estimation has made great progress in the last few years due to its applications in robotics science and computer vision. Various methods have been developed and implemented to estimate the depth, without flickers and missing holes. Despite this progress, it is still one of the main challenges for researchers, especially for the video applications which have more difficulties such as the complexity of the neural network which affects the run time.

Here in this work, we focus on enhancing the existing consistent depth estimation for monocular videos approach to be with less usage of memory and with using less number of parameters without having a significant reduction in the quality of the depth estimation.

Moreover to use such input like monocular video for depth estimation is considered an attractive idea, particularly for hand-held devices such as mobile phones, nowadays they are very popular for capturing pictures and videos.
The angular distribution and differential branching fraction of the decay B + → K + μ + μ − are studied with a dataset corresponding to 1.0fb −1 of integrated luminosity, collected by the LHCb experiment.

The angular distribution is measured in bins of dimuon invariant mass squared and found to be consistent with Standard Model expectations.

Integrating the differential branching fraction over the full dimuon invariant mass range yields a total branching fraction of $ \mathcal{B} $ ( B + → K + μ + μ − ) = (4 . 36 ± 0 . 15 ± 0 . 18) × 10 −7 . These measurements are the most precise to date of the B + → K + μ + μ − decay.