Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
We experimentally generate multimode solitons in step-index fibers, where nonlinearity compensates for both chromatic and modal dispersion. These solitons are subject to Raman self-frequency shift, and their energy is gradually transfered to the fundamental fiber mode. We compare multimode soliton dynamics in both step-index and graded index fibers, in excellent agreement with numerical predictions.
Platelet activation is considered to be a cornerstone in pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. The assessment of platelet activation at the single-cell level is a promising approach for the research of platelet function in physiological and pathological conditions. Previous studies used the immobilization of platelets on the surface, which significantly alters the activation signaling. Here we show that the use of photolabile “caged” analog of ADP allows one to track the very early stage of platelet activation in single, freely moving cells. In this approach, the diffusion step and ADP receptor ligation are separated in time, and a millisecond-timescale optical pulse may trigger the activation. The technique allows us to measure the delay (lag time) between the stimulus and calcium response in platelets. We also propose a simple model function for calcium peaks, which is in good agreement with the measured data. The proposed technique and model function can be used for in-depth studies of platelet physiology.
This paper discusses issues related to the analysis of the Arctic halocline state over the past decades. Observational data show that the layer of halocline in the Arctic Ocean significantly changed in the last 40 years, which may affect the Arctic ice cover.

For the study we used a three-dimensional ocean and sea ice numerical model developed at the ICMMG SB RAS. The main attention was devoted to the analysis of the model distribution of water salinity in the upper 250-meter layer and its variability. Based on numerical experiments on the sensitivity of thermohaline stratification to variations in atmospheric effects and the intensity of river flow,

we identified areas of the Arctic basin in which the variability of the Arctic halocline was the most pronounced.
Motivation: A rapid growth in the number of genes with known sequences calls for developing automated tools for their classification and analysis. It became clear that nucleosome packaging of eukaryotic DNA is very important for gene functioning. Automated computer tools for characterization of nucleosome packaging density could be useful for studying of gene regulation and genome annotation. Results: A program for constructing nucleosome formation potential profiles of eukaryotic DNA sequences was developed. Nucleosome packaging density was analyzed for different functional types of human promoters. It was found that in promoters of tissue-specific genes, the nucleosome formation potential was essentially higher than in genes expressed in many tissues, or housekeeping genes. Hence, capability of nucleosome positioning in the promoter region may serve as a factor regulating gene expression. Availability: The program for nucleosome sites recognition is included into the GeneExpress system; section ‘DNA Nucleosomal Organization’, http://wwwmgs.bionet.nsc.ru/mgs/programs/recon/. Contact: levitsky@bionet.nsc.ru * To whom correspondence should be addressed.
The review highlights contemporary concepts about the role of atmospheric air pollution by particulate matter (PM) in pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVD).

We used publications from the PubMed and Russian Science Citation Index databases. The influence of PM on the development and progression of CVD is considered depending on size, origin, chemical composition, concentration in air.

PM with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤2,5 μm (PM2,5) are recognized as the most dangerous. Epidemiological studies have established a dose-dependent effect PM. Oxidative stress, damage of genome of cell and epigenetic changes associated with PM effect are the important component of CVD pathogenesis. Systematization of scientific data through a formalized description helps to understand the pathogenesis of CVD and facilitates its practical use for assessing the risk of occurrence, early diagnosing, prognostication, increasing the effectiveness of treatment, and developing preventive measures.
We present results of Large-eddy simulations (LES) modeling of steady sheet and unsteady cloud cavitation on a two-dimensional hydrofoil which are validated against Particle image velocimetry (PIV) data. The study is performed for the angle of attack of 9° and high Reynolds numbers ReC of the order of 106 providing a strong adverse pressure gradient along the surface.

We employ the Schnerr–Sauer and Kunz cavitation models together with the adaptive mesh refinement in critical flow regions where intensive phase transitions occur. To correctly match averaged velocity distributions, we propose a new methodology based on conditional averaging of instantaneous velocity fields measured by PIV which only provides information on the liquid phase. The benefits of second-order discretization schemes are highlighted as opposed to the lower-order TVD scheme.

Comparison of the LES and visualization results confirms that the flow dynamics is adequately reproduced in the calculations. This approach leads to an excellent overall agreement between the conditionally averaged fields of the mean velocity and turbulence intensity obtained experimentally and numerically.
We study B- meson decays to pbar Lambda D(*)0 final states using a sample of 657 * 10^6 B Bbar events collected at the Upsilon(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e+ e- collider. The observed branching fraction for B- to pbar Lambda D0 is (1.43^ +0.28_-0.25 +- 0.18)*10^-5. with a significance of 8.1 standard deviations, where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. Most of the signal events have the pbarLambda mass peaking near threshold. No significant signal is observed for B- to pbar Lambda D*0 and the corresponding upper limit on the branching fraction is 4.8 * 10^-5 at the 90% confidence level.
MODY in pregnant patients should be distinguished from typical gestational diabetes mellitus, since these conditions require early pregnancy management.

The article discusses combined criteria for differential diagnosis of types of diabetes mellitus in pregnancy and indications for molecular genetic testing. We describe clinical cases demonstrating the dependence of pregnancy outcomes on whether the foetus inherits the mutation or not. Also, the article describes the outlooks of non-invasive diagnosis of mutation status of the foetus and possible modification of therapy depending on the result.

Diagnosis and therapy of MODY is a burning issue since there are no algorithms and the clinical experience is quite sparse.
The article deals with the results of a comprehensive study of the geothermal conditions of oil and gas bearing deposits in the western part of Yenisei-Khatanga regional trough. Four types of vertical geothermal zonality are established, the characteristics of which depend on the geological evolution of different parts of the sedimentary basin. The minimal geothermal gradients (1,80–2,2 0 C/100 m) are established there in the near edge zones with a small thickness of the sedimentary cover and the development of the infiltration system. The maximum gradients (3,2–3,4 0 С/100 m) are established in the zones of disjunctive tectonics, which had a significant heating effect on the geological section due to the ascending discharge of groundwater from deep-lying aquifers.
The problem of data fusion from data bases and knowledge graphs in different languages is becoming increasingly important. The main step of such a fusion is the identification of equivalent entities in different knowledge graphs and merging their descriptions. This problem is known as the identity resolution, or entity alignment problem. Recently, a large group of new entity alignment methods has emerged. They look for the so called “embeddings” of entities and establish the equivalence of entities by comparing their embeddings. This paper presents experiments with embedding-based entity alignment algorithms on a Russian-English dataset. The purpose of this work is to identify language-specific features of the entity alignment algorithms. Also, future directions of research are outlined.
Tetraploid species T. dicoccum Shuebl is a potential source of drought tolerance for cultivated wheat, including common wheat. This paper describes the genotyping of nine stable allolines isolated in the offspring from crossing of T. dicoccum x T. aestivum L. using 21 microsatellite (simple sequence repeats—SSR) markers and two cytoplasmic mitochondrial markers to orf256, rps19-p genes; evaluation of drought tolerance of allolines at different stages of ontogenesis (growth parameters, relative water content, quantum efficiency of Photosystem II, electron transport rate, energy dissipated in Photosystem II); and the study of drought tolerance regulator gene Dreb-1 with allele-specific PCR (AS-MARKER) and partial sequence analysis. Most allolines differ in genomic composition and T. dicoccum introgressions. Four allolines—D-b-05, D-d-05, D-d-05b, and D-41-05—revealed signs of drought tolerance of varying degrees. The more drought tolerant D-41-05 line was also characterized by Dreb-B1 allele introgression from T. dicoccum. A number of non-specific patterns and significant differences in allolines in regulation of physiological parameters in drought conditions is identified. Changes in photosynthetic activity in stress-drought are shown to reflect the level of drought tolerance of the forms studied. The contribution of different combinations of nuclear/cytoplasmic genome and alleles of Dreb-1 gene in allolines to the formation of stress tolerance and photosynthetic activity is discussed.
The lattice Boltzmann equations (LBE) method (LBM) is applicable for simulating the multiphysics problems of fluid flows with free boundaries, taking into account the viscosity, surface tension, evaporation and wetting degree of a solid surface.

Modeling of the nonstationary motion of a drop of liquid along a solid surface with a variable level of wettability is carried out. For the computer simulation of such a problem, the three-dimensional lattice Boltzmann equations method D3Q19 is used.

The LBE method allows us to parallelize the calculations on multiprocessor graphics accelerators using the CUDA programming technology.
Ring chromosomes are structural aberrations commonly associated with disease phenotype.

We consider necessary to create the iPSCs with a ring chromosome 8, which can be used for disease modeling and related research. The ICGi025-A iPSCs line was obtained by the reprogramming of the skin fibroblasts from a 1-year-old boy with 46,XY,r(8)/45,XY,-8 mosaicism, developmental delay, microcephaly, dysmorphic features, diffuse muscle hypotonia, moderate proximal muscle weakness, feeding problems, and motor alalia. The iPSCs had expression of the pluripotency-associated markers. In vitro differentiated cells expressed the markers of the cells of three germ layers.

That data allowed us to conclude that ICGi025-A cells were pluripotent.
For any toric automorphism with only real eigenvalues a Riemannian metric with an integrable geodesic flow on the suspension of this automorphism is constructed. A qualitative analysis of such a flow on a three-solvmanifold constructed by the authors in math.DG/9905078 is done. This flow is an example of the geodesic flow, which has vanishing Liouville entropy and, moreover, is integrable but has positive topological entropy. The authors also discuss some open problems on integrability of geodesic flows and related subjects.
Prepulse inhibition (PPI), the reduction in acoustic startle produced when it is preceded by a weak prepulse stimulus, is impaired in schizophrenic patients. The DBA/2J mouse strain displayed deficient PPI and is therefore suggested as an experimental animal model for the loss of sensorimotor gating in schizophrenia. Brain serotonin (5‐HT) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of several psychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder and schizophrenia. In the present study, behavior, 5‐HT transporter (5‐HTT) mRNA level, 5‐HT 1A receptor mRNA level, and 5‐HT 1A receptor density in the brain regions were studied in DBA/2J mice in comparison with four inbred mouse strains (CBA/Lac, C57BL/6, BALB/c, and ICR). A decrease in 5‐HTT mRNA level in the midbrain and a reduced density of 5‐HT 1A receptors in the frontal cortex without significant changes in 5‐HT 1A receptor mRNA level in DBA/2J mice were found. It was shown that, along with decreased PPI, DBA/2J mice demonstrated considerably reduced immobility in the tail suspension test and in the forced swim test. No significant interstrain differences in intermale aggression, or in light‐dark box and elevated plus‐maze tests, were found. The results suggested the involvement of decreased 5‐HTT gene expression and 5‐HT 1A receptor density in genetically defined PPI deficiency and showed a lack of any association between PPI deficiency and predisposition to aggressive, anxiety, and depressive‐like behaviors. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Mott scattering of high-energetic twisted electrons by atoms is investigated within the framework of the first Born approximation and Dirac's relativistic equation. Special emphasis is placed on the angular distribution and longitudinal polarization of the scattered electrons. In order to evaluate these angular and polarization properties we consider two experimental setups in which the twisted electron beam collides with either a single well-localized atom or macroscopic atomic target. Detailed relativistic calculations have been performed for both setups and for the electrons with kinetic energy from 10 keV to 1000 keV. The results of these calculations indicate that the emission pattern and polarization of outgoing electrons differ significantly from the scattering of plane-wave electrons and can be very sensitive to the parameters of the incident twisted beam. In particular, it is shown that the angular- and polarization-sensitive Mott measurements may reveal valuable information about, both the transverse and longitudinal components of the linear momentum and the projection of the total angular momentum of twisted electron states. Thus, the Mott scattering emerges as a diagnostic tool for the relativistic vortex beams.
Variability of the VRN1 promoter region of the unique collection of spring polyploid and wild diploid wheat species together with diploid goatgrasses (donor of B and D genomes of polyploid wheats) were investigated. Accessions of wild diploid (T. boeoticum, T. urartu) and tetraploid (T. araraticum, T. timopheevii) species were studied for the first time. Sequence analysis indicated great variability in the region from -62 to -221 nucleotide positions of the VRN1 promoter region. Different indels were found within this region in spring wheats. It was shown that VRN1 promoter region of B and G genome can also contain damages such as the insertion of the transposable element. Some transcription factor recognition sites including hybrid C/G-box for TaFDL2 protein known as the VRN1 gene upregulator were predicted inside the variable region. It was shown that deletions leading to promoter damage occurred in diploid and polyploid species independently. DNA transposon insertions first occurred in polyploid species. At the same time, the duplication of the promoter region was observed in A genomes of polyploid species. We can conclude that supposed molecular mechanism of the VRN1 gene activating in cultivated diploid wheat species T. monococcum is common also for wild T. boeoticum and was inherited by T. monococcum. The spring polyploids are not related in their origin to spring diploids. The spring T. urartu and goatgrass accessions have another mechanism of flowering activation that is not connected with indels in VRN1 promoter region. All obtained data may be useful for detailed insight into origin of spring wheat forms in evolution and domestication process.
Reviewed and quantified the energy markets in the Asia-Pacific region.

The article presents the results of a study of promising directions and methods of supplying energy resources from the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation.

The importance of the development of high-tech industries of the processing industry in the east of the country is shown. The importance of the Asia-Pacific region market for the Russian processing industry has been substantiated.
By using an equivalent form of the uniform Lopatinski condition for 1-shocks, we prove that the stability condition found by the energy method in [A. Morando, Y. Trakhinin and P. Trebeschi, Structural stability of shock waves in 2D compressible elastodynamics, Math. Ann. 378 (2020) 1471–1504] for the rectilinear shock waves in two-dimensional flows of compressible isentropic inviscid elastic materials

The key point of our spectral analysis is a delicate study of the transition between uniform and weak stability.

is not only sufficient but also necessary for uniform stability (implying structural nonlinear stability of corresponding curved shock waves). Moreover, we prove that the rectilinear shock waves are never violently unstable, i.e. they are always either uniformly or weakly stable.
We demonstrated resonant/non-resonant gap-mode TERS on CdSe nanocrystals analyzing of LO (up to 3rd order), SO/TO phonons, as well as Se vibrational modes.
Magnetically doped topological insulators may produce novel states of electronic matter, where for instance the quantum anomalous Hall effect state can be realized. Pivotal to this goal is a microscopic control over the magnetic state, defined by the local electronic structure of the dopants and their interactions.

We report on the magnetic coupling among Mn or Co atoms adsorbed on the surface of the topological insulator Bi2Te3. The combination of x-ray magnetic circular dichroism and ab initio calculations reveals that the sign of the magnetic coupling at short adatom–adatom distances is opposite for Mn with respect to Co.

Our findings uncover the mechanisms of the exchange coupling between magnetic atoms coupled to the topological surface state in strong topological insulators. For both elements, the magnetic exchange reverses its sign at a critical distance between magnetic adatoms, as a result of the interplay between superexchange, double exchange and Ruderman–Kittel–Kasuya–Yoshida interactions.
The interaction of potassium bismuth citrate (PBC) with polysaccharides of various structures – dextran (linear) and arabinogalactan (branched) was investigated.

The NMR method revealed the donor-acceptor character of the interaction of dextran with PBC in water solutions. Synchrotron radiation and transmission electron microscopy was show the formation of the anisotropic PBC-nanocrystals the covered of dextran layers.
The MIP Timing Detector will provide additional timing capabilities for detection of minimum ionizing particles (MIPs) at CMS during the High Luminosity LHC era, improving event reconstruction and pileup rejection. The central portion of the detector, the Barrel Timing Layer (BTL), will be instrumented with LYSO:Ce crystals and Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) providing a time resolution of about 30 ps at the beginning of operation, and degrading to 50-60 ps at the end of the detector lifetime as a result of radiation damage.

In this work, we present the results obtained using a 120 GeV proton beam at the Fermilab Test Beam Facility to measure the time resolution of unirradiated sensors. A proof-of-concept of the sensor layout proposed for the barrel region of the MTD, consisting of elongated crystal bars with dimensions of about 3 x 3 x 57 mm$^3$ and with double-ended SiPM readout, is demonstrated. We tested LYSO:Ce bars of different thickness (2, 3, 4 mm) with a geometry close to the reference design and coupled to SiPMs manufactured by Hamamatsu and Fondazione Bruno Kessler. The various aspects influencing the timing performance such as the crystal thickness, properties of the SiPMs (e.g. photon detection efficiency), and impact angle of the MIP are studied.

This design provides a robust time measurement independent of the impact point of the MIP along the crystal bar. A time resolution of about 28 ps is measured for MIPs crossing a 3 mm thick crystal bar, corresponding to an MPV energy deposition of 2.6 MeV, and of 22 ps for the 4.2 MeV MPV energy deposition expected in the BTL, matching the detector performance target for unirradiated devices.
The bubble growth process in a magmatic melt during decompression at a constant rate under various conditions is numerically studied. The effect of the formation of a narrow boundary layer with a high viscosity around the bubble, which significantly changes the dynamics of the bubble, is taken into account. It is shown that, at a low initial pressure in the medium, in the bubble high pressure is maintained throughout the calculation time. In the case of long decompression time, the final bubble radius is bigger than in the case with small decompression time. This effect can be associated with different dynamics of the medium viscosity in a narrow boundary layer around the bubble.
One important syndrome of psychiatric disorders in humans is catalepsy. Here, we created mice with different predispositions to catalepsy and analysed their pharmacological and behavioural properties.Two mouse lines, B6-M76C and B6-M76B, were created by transfer of the main locus of catalepsy containing the 5-HT1A receptor gene to the C57BL/6 genetic background. Behaviour, brain morphology, expression of key components of the serotoninergic system, and pharmacological responses to acute and chronic stimulation of the 5-HT1A receptor were compared.B6-M76B mice were not cataleptic, whereas 14% of B6-M76C mice demonstrated catalepsy and decreased depressive-like behaviour. Acute administration of the 5-HT1A receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT resulted in dose-dependent hypothermia and in decreased locomotion in both lines. Chronic 8-OH-DPAT administration abolished the 5-HT1A receptor-mediated hypothermic response in B6-M76C mice and increased locomotor activity in B6-M76B mice. In addition, 5-HT metabolism was significantly reduced in the hippocampus of B6-M76C mice, and this effect was accompanied by an increased expression of the 5-HT1A receptor.Our findings indicate that transfer of the main locus of hereditary catalepsy containing the 5-HT1A receptor from CBA mice to the C57BL/6 genetic background led to increased postsynaptic and decreased presynaptic functional responses of the 5-HT1A receptor. This characteristic establishes the B6-M76C line as an attractive model for the pharmacological screening of 5-HT1A receptor-related drugs specifically acting on either pre- or postsynaptic receptors.This article is part of a themed section on Updating Neuropathology and Neuropharmacology of Monoaminergic Systems. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v173.13/issuetoc.