Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Authors: Piotr Berman Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PAView Profile , Zheng Zhang Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PAView Profile , Yuri I. Wolf National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD and Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD and Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, RussiaView Profile , Eugene V. Koonin National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MDView Profile , Webb Miller Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PAView Profile Authors Info & Claims RECOMB '99: Proceedings of the third annual international conference on Computational molecular biologyApril 1999 Pages 50–58https://doi.org/10.1145/299432.299451Online:01 April 1999Publication History

Winnowing sequences from a database search

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Evidence was obtained indicating that the initiation of poly (dA-dT) de novo synthesis is provided by deoxynucleoside diphosphate: oligonucleotide deoxynucleotidyl transferase (dNDP-transferase present in preparations of E. coli DNA polymerase I and capable of catalyzing the unprimed polymerization of dNDP.

This conclusion was based on the following observations: the abolition of the lag period of poly (dA-dT) synthesis by preincubation of DNA-polymerase I preparations with dADP and dTDP; the presence of oligo (dA-dT) among the preincubation products; the suppressive effect of dithiothreitol and N-ethylmaleimide (inhibitors of dNDP-transferase) on the de novo, but not on the primed synthesis of poly (dA-dT), catalyzed by preparations of DNA-polymerase I.

dNDP-transferase synthesyzes short oligonucleotides which form template-primer complexes repeatedly replicated by DNA polymerase I.
The Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange (SABRE) technique employs exchange with singlet-state parahydrogen to efficiently generate high levels of nuclear spin polarization. Spontaneous SABRE has been shown previously to be efficient in the milli-Tesla and micro-Tesla regimes. We have recently demonstrated that high-field SABRE is also possible, where proton sites of molecules that are able to reversibly coordinate to a metal center can be hyperpolarized directly within high-field magnets, potentially offering the convenience of in situ hyperpolarization-based spectroscopy and imaging without sample shuttling. Here, we show efficient polarization transfer from parahydrogen (para-H2) to the 15N atoms of imidazole-15N2 and nicotinamide-15N achieved via high-field SABRE (HF-SABRE). Spontaneous transfer of spin order from the para-H2 protons to 15N atoms at the high magnetic field of an MRI scanner allows one not only to record enhanced 15N NMR spectra of in situ hyperpolarized biomolecules, but also to perform imaging using conventional MRI sequences. 2D 15N MRI of high-field SABRE-hyperpolarized imidazole with spatial resolution of 0.3×0.3 mm2 at 9.4 T magnetic field and a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of ~99 was demonstrated. We show that 1H MRI of in situ HF-SABRE hyperpolarized biomolecules (e.g. imidazole-15N2) is also feasible. Taken together, these results show that heteronuclear (15N) and 1H spectroscopic detection and imaging of high-field-SABRE-hyperpolarized molecules are promising tools for a number of emerging applications.
We search for bottomonium states in ϒ(2S) → (b b)γ decays using 158 × 10 6 ϒ(2S) events collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB e + e -collider.The (b b) system is reconstructed in 26 exclusive hadronic final states composed of charged pions, kaons, protons, and K 0 S mesons.We find no evidence for the state recently observed around 9975 MeV (X b b) in an analysis based on a data sample of 9.3 × 10 6 ϒ(2S) events collected with the CLEO III detector.We set a 90% confidence level upper limit on the branching fraction. This result is an order of magnitude smaller than the measurement reported with CLEO data.We also set an upper limit for the η (iP)] < 3.7 × 10 -6 .We also report the results of a * Speaker.
The International Olympiad in Cryptography NSUCRYPTO is the unique Olympiad containing scientific mathematical problems for professionals, school and university students from any country. Its aim is to involve young researchers in solving curious and tough scientific problems of modern cryptography. In 2020, it was held for the seventh time. Prizes and diplomas were awarded to 84 participants in the first round and 49 teams in the second round from 32 countries.

In this paper, problems and their solutions of NSUCRYPTO'2020 are presented. We consider problems related to attacks on ciphers and hash functions, protocols, permutations, primality tests, etc. We discuss several open problems on JPEG encoding, Miller -- Rabin primality test, special bases in the vector space, AES-GCM.

The problem of a modified Miller -- Rabin primality test was solved during the Olympiad. The problem for finding special bases was partially solved.
The cross-section of the process e+e−→π+π− has been measured using about 11 4000 events collected by the CMD-2 detector at the VEPP-2M e+e− collider in the center-of-mass energy range from 0.61 to 0.96 GeV.

Results of the pion form factor determination with a 0.6% systematic uncertainty are presented.

The following values of the ρ- and ω-meson parameters were found: Mρ=(776.09±0.81) MeV, Γρ=(144.46±1.55) MeV, Γ(ρ→e+e−)=(6.86±0.12) keV, Br(ω→π+π−)=(1.33±0.25)%. Implications for the hadronic contribution to the muon anomalous magnetic moment are discussed.
Supramolecular chemistry holds great potential for the design of versatile and safe carriers for therapeutic proteins and peptides. Nanocarriers can be designed to meet specific criteria for given application (exact drug, administration route, target tissue, etc.). However, alterations in the topology of formulation components can drastically change their activity. This is why the supramolecular topology of therapeutic nanoconstructions has to be considered. Herein, we discuss several topological groups used for the design of nanoformulations for peptide and protein delivery: modification of polypeptide chains by host-guest interactions; packaging of proteins and peptides into liposomes; complexation and conjugation with dendrimers. Each topological type has its own advantages and disadvantages, so careful design of nanoformulations is needed. Ideally, each case where nanomedicine is needed requires a therapeutic construction specially created for that taking into account features of the administration route, target tissue, or organ, properties of a drug, its bioavailability, etc. The wide number of studies in the field of protein delivery by supramolecular and nanocarriers for proteins and peptides evidence their increasing potential for different aspects of the innovative medicine. Although significant progress has been achieved in the field, there are several remaining challenges to be overcome in future.
We comment on the recent paper 'Note on the perihelion/periastron advance due to cosmological constant' by H. Arakida (Int. J. Theor. Phys. 52, 1408 (2013)) and provide simple derivations of both the main result of this paper and of the Adkins–McDonnell's precession formula, on which this main result is based.
Течения с закруткой потока находят широкое применение в различных технологических процессах. Закрученные течения могут сопровождаться такими нестационарными эффектами, как прецессия вихревого ядра. В свою очередь крупномасштабные пульсации, вызванные прецессией вихря, могут привести к повреждению конструкций и снижению надежности оборудования.

В данной работе представлена методика описания закрученных потоков апробированная в рамках программных комплексов Fluent и SigmaFlow. Проведено численное моделирование нескольких тестовых задач с закруткой потока.

Полученные результаты сопоставлены между собой, а также с экспериментальными данными.
The article deals with the issue of petroleum-contaminated water resources. The authors have analyzed the dynamics of oil spills, including the world's largest ones, and claimed the issue to be global. The modern methods of mitigating oil spill effects have been studied, as well as the modern techniques of water resource treatment. The particular attention is paid to peat sorbent production, which is considered a promising trend of petroleum- contaminated water treatment.
Purpose. We analyzed an extremely rare finding of a mace with a small ornamental iron battle top fastened to a long wooden handle. This mace is a part of a collection of armament objects acquired by museum workers in the course of expeditions on the territory of Kyrgyzstan over the past decades. At present, this collection is stored in the Russian Museum of Ethnography in Saint Petersburg. During the previous historical period, when museum workers had been searching and gathering objects of traditional culture of different peoples on the territory of Central Asia, that finding was acquired together with other characteristic objects of traditional cultures from that region on the territory of Kyrgyzstan. Firstly, it was stored in the Museum of the Peoples of the USSR. We aimed at dating the artifact and identifying its purpose. Conclusion. We traced primary events in the history of studying different types of close combat strike weapons which were used by Kyrgyz warriors in Tian Shan during the Late Middle Ages and New Time. A result of the research conducted is a description of the ornamental iron battle top and the wooden handle of this mace decorated with carved rhomb ornaments. We date the artifact as belonging to the period of Late Middle Ages – New Time. According to the terms used for such types of weapons, the mace could have been used as a striking weapon; however, it its ornamental battle top is of a smaller size than that of traditional maces, so it could have been used as a symbol of power. Results. We conclude that this mace could have been a strike weapon in the course of close and hand-to-hand combats led by Kyrgyz warriors, but also it could have been used as a symbol of power by military commanders of the Kyrgyz forces.
The deposit was formed at the time close to the period when the basic volume of acid magmas had been emplaced within the Okhotsk–Chukotka belt (84 to 80 Ma).

The mineral and chemical compositions of ores from the Corrida epithermal Au-Ag deposit (Chukchi Peninsula, Russia) were studied using the optical and scanning electron microscopy with X-ray energy-dispersion microanalysis. Using microthermometric methods, it has been established that the ore-bearing quartz was formed in the medium-temperature environment (340–160 °C) with the participation of low-salt (3.55 to 0.18 wt.% NaCl eq.) hydrotherms, mostly of the NaCl composition with magnesium, iron and low-density СО2. According to our results of thermodynamic modeling at temperatures from 300 to 25 °C and data on mineral metasomatic alterations of the host rocks.

The Au–Ag mineralization is distinguished with Au-Ag sulphides and selenides (uytenbogaardtite-fischesserite solid solution, Se-acanthite, S-naumannite) and Ag halides of the chlorargyrite-embolite-bromargyrite series. The ores were formed in two stages. the Au-Ag-S-Se-Cl-Br mineralization was formed at decreasing temperature and fugacity of sulphur (logƒS2 from −6 to −27), selenium (logƒSe2 from −14 to −35), and oxygen (logƒО2 from −36 to −62), with near-neutral solutions replaced by acid solutions. Analysis of the obtained data shows that the Corrida refers to the group of the LS-type epithermal deposits. This deposit is a new example of epithermal deposits with significant quantities of Au–Ag chalcogenides (acanthite, uytenbogaardtite, fischesserite, naumannite and others).
The thermodynamic characteristics and magnetic properties of monoaxial chiral helimagnet have been investigated by using a combination of ab initio calculations and classical Monte Carlo simulations.

Ab initio calculations make it possible to calculate the values of magnetic moments and exchange coupling parameters for crystal structure CrNb3S6 which show the presence of the antiferromagnetic nature of the interaction for magnetic Cr atoms. The Monte Carlo simulations with ab initio exchange coupling constants as input parameters allow us to calculated thermodynamic characteristics such as magnetization, heat capacity, and susceptibility.

Calculated values of heat capacity and susceptibility make it possible to determine the phase transition temperature from paramagnetic to antiferromagnetic phase. The crossover to chiral soliton lattice in monoaxial chiral helimagnet is determined by the temperature dependence of magnetization under various external magnetic fields.
We in vitro examined the existing prognoses of the dissociation constant, KD, between ТАТА- Binding Protein (TBP) and ТАТА box with single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) associated with human diseases. Five SNPs of the genes for cytochrome P450 2A6 (associated with lung cancer), β-globin (associated with β-thalassemia), mannose binding lectin (associated with variable immunodeficiency), superoxide dismutase 1 (associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) and triosephosphate isomerase (associated with anemia) fell within the range of –ln(KD;M/KD;WT) between –1.5 and –1 (here KD;WT and KD;M denote the normal ТАТА box and with SNP). The mea-surements using EMSA demonstrated that: 1) all the predictions stating that the affinity between ТВР and ТАТА boxes with SNPs would be reduced were correct; 2) the departures of three predictions from the measurements fell within the confidence interval; 3) all the predictions consistently underestimated actual mutational damage caused to ТАТА boxes with SNPs (a < 0.05; binomial law) and two of these predictions did so significantly (a < 0.05, Student’s t-test). This consistent underestimation seems to be associated with the damage to the context that modulates ТВP/ТАТА affinity, for example, the contact between the nucleosomal histone H3-Н4 dimer and the core promoter immediately near ТАТА boxes.
Exosomes are 40–100 nm nanovesicles containing RNA and different proteins. Exosomes containing proteins, lipids, mRNAs, and microRNAs are important in intracellular communication and immune function. Exosomes from different sources are usually obtained by combination of centrifugation and ultracentrifugation and according to published data can contain from a few dozens to thousands of different proteins.

Crude exosome preparations from milk of eighteen horses were obtained for the first time using several standard centrifugations. Exosome preparations were additionally purified by FPLC gel filtration. Individual preparations demonstrated different profiles of gel filtration showing well or bad separation of exosome peaks and one or two peaks of co-isolating proteins and their complexes. According to the electron microscopy, well purified exosomes displayed a typical exosome-like size (30–100 nm) and morphology. Exosome proteins were identified before and after gel filtration by MALDI MS and MS/MS spectrometry of protein tryptic hydrolyzates derived by SDS PAGE and 2D electrophoresis.

It was shown that exosomes may have several different biological functions, but detection of their biological functions may vary significantly depending on the presence of exosome contaminating proteins and proteins directly into exosomes. The results of protein identification were unexpected: one or two peaks co-isolating proteins after gel-filtration mainly contained kappa-, beta-, alpha-S1-caseins and its precursors, but these proteins were not found in well-purified exosomes. Well-purified exosomes contained from five to eight different major proteins: CD81, CD63 receptors, beta-lactoglobulin and lactadherin were common to all preparations, while actin, butyrophilin, lactoferrin, and xanthine dehydrogenase were found only in some of them. The article describes the morphology and the protein content of major horse milk exosomes for the first time. Our results on the decrease of major protein number identified in exosomal preparations after gel filtration may be important to the studies of biological functions of pure exosomes.
Особенности читательской аудитории в контексте корейской книгопечатной культуры раннего Чосона (XIV-XVI века) М. А
The hallmarks of constitutive heterochromatin, HP1 and H3K9me2/3, assemble heterochromatin- like domains/complexes outside canonical constitutively heterochromatic territories where they regulate chromatin-templated processes. Domains are more than 100kb in size; complexes less than 100kb. They are present in the genomes of organisms ranging from fission yeast to man, with an expansion in size and number in mammals. Some of the likely functions of the domains/complexes include silencing of the donor mating type region in fission yeast, regulation of mammalian imprinted genes and the phylotypic progression during vertebrate development. Far cis - and trans -contacts between micro-phase separated domains/complexes in mammalian nuclei contribute to the emergence of epigenetic compartmental domains (ECDs) detected in Hi-C maps. We speculate that a thermodynamic description of micro-phase separation of heterochromatin- like domains/complexes will require a gestalt shift away from the monomer as the “ unit of incompatibility ”, where it is the choice of monomer that determines the sign and magnitude of the Flory-Huggins parameter, χ. Instead, a more dynamic structure, the oligo-nucleosomal “clutch”, consisting of between 2 to 10 nucleosomes is both the long sought-after secondary structure of chromatin and its unit of incompatibility. Based on this assumption we present a simple theoretical framework that enables an estimation of χ for domains/complexes flanked by euchromatin and thereby an indication of their tendency to phase separate. The degree of phase separation is specified by χN, where N is the number of “clutches” in a domain/complex. Our approach may provide an additional tool for understanding the biophysics of the 3D genome.
ABSTRACT Seismic attenuation mechanisms receive increasing attention for the characterization of fractured formations because of their inherent sensitivity to the hydraulic and elastic properties of the probed media. Attenuation has been successfully inferred from seismic data in the past, but linking these estimates to intrinsic rock physical properties remains challenging. A reason for these difficulties in fluid‐saturated fractured porous media is that several mechanisms can cause attenuation and may interfere with each other. These mechanisms notably comprise pressure diffusion phenomena and dynamic effects, such as scattering, as well as Biot's so‐called intrinsic attenuation mechanism. Understanding the interplay between these mechanisms is therefore an essential step for estimating fracture properties from seismic measurements. In order to do this, we perform a comparative study involving wave propagation modelling in a transmission set‐up based on Biot's low‐frequency dynamic equations and numerical upscaling based on Biot's consolidation equations. The former captures all aforementioned attenuation mechanisms and their interference, whereas the latter only accounts for pressure diffusion phenomena. A comparison of the results from both methods therefore allows to distinguish between dynamic and pressure diffusion phenomena and to shed light on their interference. To this end, we consider a range of canonical models with randomly distributed vertical and/or horizontal fractures. We observe that scattering attenuation strongly interferes with pressure diffusion phenomena, since the latter affect the elastic contrasts between fractures and their embedding background. Our results also demonstrate that it is essential to account for amplitude reductions due to transmission losses to allow for an adequate estimation of the intrinsic attenuation of fractured media. The effects of Biot's intrinsic mechanism are rather small for the models considered in this study.
During past three decades, extensive investigations have been performed on magnetism of the intermetallic compounds RMn 2 X 2 (R: rare earth, X: Si or Ge) which are characterized by a layered arrangement of R, Mn and X atoms.The magnetic properties of these compounds are governed by
We present new structural, petrographic, geochemical and geochronological data for the late Paleozoic–early Mesozoic granites and associated igneous rocks of the Taimyr Peninsula. It is demonstrated that large volumes of granites were formed due to the oblique collision of the Kara microcontinent and the Siberian paleocontinent. Based on U-Th-Pb isotope data for zircons, we identify syncollisional (315–282 Ma) and postcollisional (264–248 Ma) varieties, which differ not only in age but also in petrochemical and geochemical features. It is also shown that as the postcollisional magmatism was coming to an end, Siberian plume magmatism manifested in the Kara orogen and was represented by basalts and dolerites of the trap formation (251–249 Ma), but also by differentiated and individual intrusions of monzonites, quartz monzonites and syenites (Early–Middle Triassic) with a mixed crustal-mantle source. We present a geodynamic model for the formation of the Kara orogen and discuss the relationship between collisional and trap magmatism.