Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
The pattern of development of the economies of Europe and the world in recent decades is a focus on sustainable development. In accordance with the declaration of the United Nations Conference of 1992, sustainable development is defined as ≪equitable meeting the needs of present and future generations in the areas of development and the environment≫ and is established as one of the goals of government policy in many countries of the world. The concept of sustainable development solves the problem of choosing between achieving a high rate of economic growth and maintaining a clean environment. The purpose is to study and quantify the impact of economic factors on the state of the environment in countries with different levels of development. The study revealed existing patterns and built new mathematical models that can be used in strategic planning, allow predicting the possible environmental consequences of economic growth in Europe and the world. The use of the proposed models allows not only to assess the impact of economic growth on the environment in retrospect, but also to highlight the most significant factors contributing to the reduction of environmental pressure in the future.
Herein, we present the design and synthesis of a series of novel heterocyclic derivatives of (−)-borneol and (−)-isoborneol as potent inhibitors of the influenza A virus.
Glucocorticoid responsive elements (GREs) located -252 to -209 by upstream and +1011 to +1054 bp downstream of the transcription initiation site of the mouse metallothionein-I (mMT-I) gene were identified in transient experiments.

However, the promoter region of the mMT-I gene (-330 to +70 bp) was found to provide low, if any, glucocorticoid induction of the linked CAT gene, while showing strong cadmium regulation, comparable with the in vivo level.
8-Oxoguanine-DNA glycosylase (OGG1) removes premutagenic lesion 8-oxoguanine (8-oxo-G) from DNA and then nicks the nascent abasic (apurinic/apyrimidinic) site by β-elimination. Although the structure of OGG1 bound to damaged DNA is known, the dynamic aspects of 8-oxo-G recognition are not well understood. To comprehend the mechanisms of substrate recognition and processing, we have constructed OGG1 mutants with the active site occluded by replacement of Cys-253, which forms a wall of the base-binding pocket, with bulky leucine or isoleucine. The conformational dynamics of OGG1 mutants were characterized by single-turnover kinetics and stopped-flow kinetics with fluorescent detection. Additionally, the conformational mobility of wild type and the mutant OGG1 substrate complex was assessed using molecular dynamics simulations. Although pocket occlusion distorted the active site and greatly decreased the catalytic activity of OGG1, it did not fully prevent processing of 8-oxo-G and apurinic/apyrimidinic sites. Both mutants were notably stimulated in the presence of free 8-bromoguanine, indicating that this base can bind to the distorted OGG1 and facilitate β-elimination. The results agree with the concept of enzyme plasticity, suggesting that the active site of OGG1 is flexible enough to compensate partially for distortions caused by mutation.
Obtained results coincide with experimental data available in literature and with previous theoretical results obtained for the spherical flame initiation in the quiescent mixtures.

The ignition of gaseous premixtures in the cube with regular vortexes describing by time–independent ABC–flow field was investigated numerically in the frame of three–dimensional thermal–diffusion model. The effects of Lewis number, vortex size and the velocity amplitude on ignition energy have been studied.

It was found that in the case of fixed velocity amplitude of the ABC–flow, there is a critical eddies size corresponding to the maximal ignition energy. Numerical results show that in large–scale eddies flow, the ignition energy is almost constant until the velocity amplitude exceeds some critical value, then the abrupt linear increase of ignition energy is observed. It is shown that ignition energy is changing very slowly in the range of Lewis numbers from 0.3 to 1.2, and rapidly increases for Lewis numbers large of 1.2.
A negative ion source, which utilizes a conversion of primary high current proton beam into negative ions in a gas target via charge-exchange collisions, is under development in Budker Institute, Novosibirsk. The proposed beam will be used for injection into a tandem accelerator, which is a part of the neutron source dedicated for boron-neutron capture therapy (BNCT). The ion source is designed to produce a beam that contains ≥50% of molecular ions. The initial ion beam current is about 1 A at 30 keV energy. After molecular ion dissociation in a gas target, which produces protons with an energy of 15 keV, and further charge-exchange collisions, the beam after the target will contain about 2% of negative ion species with a current in excess of 10 mA. The negative ion beam is then separated by the magnetic field, accelerated up to an energy of 105 keV and enters the tandem accelerator. This paper presents the results of simulations of the beam formation, acceleration and transport. The arrangement of the ion source and corresponding high voltage power supply are also discussed.
We present the results of an investigation of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) by optical phonons in colloidal CdSe nanocrystals (NCs) homogeneously deposited on both arrays of Au nanoclusters and Au dimers using the Langmuir-Blodgett technique. The coverage of the deposited NCs was less than one monolayer, as determined by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. SERS by optical phonons in CdSe nanocrystals showed a significant enhancement that depends resonantly on the Au nanocluster and dimer size, and thus on the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) energy. The deposition of CdSe nanocrystals on the Au dimer nanocluster arrays enabled us to study the polarization dependence of SERS. The maximal SERS signal was observed for light polarization parallel to the dimer axis. The polarization ratio of the SERS signal parallel and perpendicular to the dimer axis was 20. The SERS signal intensity was also investigated as a function of the distance between nanoclusters in a dimer. Here the maximal SERS enhancement was observed for the minimal distance studied (about 10 nm), confirming the formation of SERS "hot spots".
Safety and soundness of banks is an important condition and essential factor for successful economic development of any country. Although considerable research has been carried out on the banking system, only a few studies were entirely devoted to the analysis of the factors effecting the capital structure of commercial banks which is indispensable for their efficient operation. The article provides a brief comparative analysis of the resources of commercial banks in Russia and China. It showed the similarity of the resource structure of the banks of two countries. The analysis of studies on the factors affecting the capital structure of commercial banks of these countries has been carried out. It has been revealed that there is a growing research interest in the study of the factors affecting the capital structure of commercial banks. However, in China the studies are trying to identify mechanisms for the managing factors whereas in Russia they are intended to find managerial solutions to increase the growth rate of the economy by increasing the capital of commercial banks.
Isolated human ribosomal protein uS3 has extra-ribosomal functions including those related to base excision DNA repair, e.g. AP lyase activity that nicks double-stranded (ds) DNA 3΄ to the abasic (AP) site. However, the ability of uS3 residing within ribosome to recognize and cleave damaged DNA has never been addressed.

Here, we compare interactions of single-stranded (ss) DNA and dsDNA bearing AP site with human ribosome-bound uS3 and with the isolated protein, whose interactions with ssDNA were not yet studied. ChIP-seq analysis showed preferential uS3 binding to nucleolus-associated chromatin domains.

We conclude that free and ribosome-bound uS3 proteins interact with AP sites differently, exhibiting their non-translational functions in DNA repair in and around the nucleolus and in regulation of DNA damage response in looped DNA structures, respectively.
A longitudinal ion and energy transport through the magnetic mirror appears to be the dominant problem in open magnetic traps physics. Cold electrons flow from the field expansion area has been found to be the main mechanism that limits target plasma heating in the central cell of the Gas Dynamic Trap (GDT). One of the dominant cold electrons sources is apparently a residual neutral gas in the expander. Gas and plasma interactions result in gas ionization, and give cold electrons that penetrate through the magnetic mirror into the central cell of the machine. This work aims to find a critical gas concentration in the expander above which it begins to effect basic plasma parameters in the central cell of the GDT. The results obtained from these experiments are crucial for understanding the engineering requirements for the pumping system in divertors of the C-2W machine being built in Tri Alpha Energy Inc. and experimental machines of next generation being designed.
Small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMC) are detected in 0.043% of general population and can be characterized for their chromosomal origin, genetic content and shape by molecular cytogenetic approaches. Even though recently progress was achieved towards genotype-phenotype-correlations of sSMC, nothing is known on the influence that an additional derivative extra chromosome has on the nuclear architecture.

Here we present the first three-dimensional interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) studies for the nuclear architecture of sSMC. It could be shown that sSMC derived from chromosomes 15, 16 or 18 preferentially colocalized with one of their corresponding sister chromosomes. This was true in B- and T-lymphocytes as well as in skin fibroblasts. Additionally, a case with a complex sSMC with a karyotype 47,XY,+der(18)t(8;18)(8p23.2 ~ 23.1;18q11.1) was studied. Here the sSMC co-localized with one homologous chromosome 8 instead of 18.

Overall, there is a kind of "attraction" between an sSMC and one of its homologous sister chromosomes. This seems to be transmitted by the euchromatic part of the sSMC rather than its heterochromatic one.
История кафедрыВ 1962 г. акад.В. В. Воеводским на кафедре общей физики была создана специализация «молекулярная и биологическая физика».Ее руководителем стал канд.физ.мат.наук, доц.А. И. Бурштейн (в настоящее время проф.Вейцмановского института, Израиль).Специализация обеспечивала подготовку кадров для многих лабораторий химического и физико-химического комплекса институтов Академгородка, которые работали над проблемами, лежащими на стыке химии и физики, и требовали для своего решения совместных усилий специалистовхимиков и специалистов-физиков.Исследования на стыке наук стали очень популярны во второй половине XX в., особенно был заметен прогресс на границах физики и химии, химии и биологии.Грандиозное продвижение в этих науках в первой половине XX в. несколько обнажило фланги, и естественным образом началось сочленение и выравнивание линии фронта.Попутно, однако, всегда совершается и другой процесс, возможно, еще более важный по последствиям.Речь идет о проникновении одних наук в другие, ассимиляции идей, результатов и образа мышления разных дисциплин.Свершившаяся в XIX в. математизация физики изменила ее лицо до неузнаваемости.Нечто подобное началось и вследствие внедрения физики и математики в химию.В свою очередь и химические результаты оказывали влияние на физиков.Например, хорошо известная колебательная реакция Белоусова -Жаботинского сильно поспособствовала созданию правильных представлений в нелинейной неравновесной термодинамике.За время существования специализации на ней получили образование 120 чел., из них 20 чел.впоследствии защитили доктор
Aim of the study was to create a method for assessing the probabilistic time of development of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in patients with a confirmed diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Material and methods. The work was carried out on the basis of the Regional Vascular Center No. 1 (Novosibirsk). A retrospective analysis of the data of 115 patients diagnosed with AMI in combination with verified type 2 DM who were hospitalized in the period from 2018 to 2019 was performed. In all patients included in the study, clinical and demographic, anamnestic, physical, functional, and laboratory data were assessed in accordance with the federal standard for the diagnosis and treatment of this pathology. The nature and duration of the course, drug therapy for diabetes mellitus were assessed according to medical documents and databases. Further, a regression model was built for assessing the probabilistic time of development of AMI in patients with type 2 DM. Results. The author’s model for assessing the probabilistic time of development of acute myocardial infarction in patients with type 2 DM included eight indicators that significantly correlated with the dependent variable and weakly correlated with each other: patient gender, chronic kidney disease with a decrease in glomerular filtration rate to 60 ml/min/1.73 m 2 , diabetic retinopathy, verified peripheral polyneuropathy, cigarette smoking 1 pack or more, the number of hemodynamically significant coronary artery stenoses according to the results of selective coronary angiography, the use of short-acting insulin as part of hypoglycemic therapy, the use of long-acting insulin as part of hypoglycemic therapy. Conclusion . The study demonstrates the high predictive ability of the author’s approach for determining the individual predicted time for the development of AMI in a patient with type 2 DM. The introduction of the developed method into real clinical practice will make it possible to personally manage type 2 DM patients and to reduce the individual risk of such a formidable cardiovascular complication as myocardial infarction.
The effect of different activation of the skin TRPA1 ion channel on the parameters of the cardiovascular system was studied in rats with hereditary stress-induced hypertension while recovery from anesthesia.

The activation of the TRPA1 ion channel was performed by application to skin its agonist - allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) in two concentrations 2.5% and 0.5%. The following parameters were measured that characterize the work of the cardiovascular system: Blood pressure (systolic, diastolic, and mean), heart rate, blood flow, and tail blood volume.

Stimulation of the TRPA1 ion channel by 2.5% AITC resulted in a diminishing rate of increase in blood pressure and a sharp increase in heart rate while recovering from anesthesia.
The paper presents experimental results from the SMOLA device that is the first facility with a helical mirror section of the magnetic system. This device was built in the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics for the verification of the helical mirror confinement idea that is the technique of an active control of axial losses from a confinement zone. Theory predicts that, with rotating plasma, a helical mirror will provide suppression of the axial plasma flow and, simultaneously, density pinching to the axis. Experiments demonstrated the increase in plasma density in the entrance trap by a factor of 1.6 in the helical configuration. The integral axial flux from the transport section drops severalfold. The effective mirror ratio of the helical section was $R_{eff} > 10$ . Particle flux returning by the helical mirror section towards the confinement zone was observed. At high corrugation ratios, the axial flux direction is different at the magnetic axis and in the periphery of the plasma in the helical section. All axial fluxes scale linearly with the plasma density, even if the ion mean free path is comparable to the total length of the helical section. Good agreement of the experimental results with theoretical predictions is found.
Human tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (TDP1) belongs to the phospholipase D superfamily, whose members contain paired catalytic histidine and lysine residues within two conserved motifs and hydrolyze phosphodiester bonds. TDP1 is a DNA repair enzyme that processes 3′ DNA end blocking lesions and a wide range of synthetic DNA adducts as a substrate. TDP1 hydrolyzes DNA-adducts via two coordinated S N 2 nucleophilic attacks mediated by the action of two histidine residues and leads to the formation of the covalent intermediate. Hydrolysis of this intermediate is proposed to be carried out by a water molecule that is activated by the His493 residue acting as a general base. It was known that phospholipase D enzymes are able to catalyze not only hydrolysis but also a transphosphatidylation reaction in the presence of primary alcohols in which they transfer the substrate to the alcohol instead of water. Here, we first demonstrated that TDP1 is able to undergo a “transphosphooligonucleotidation” reaction, transferring the substrate residue to the alcohol, thus inducing the formation of covalent DNA adducts with different primary alcohol residues. Such adducts can be accumulated in the conditions of high concentration of alcohol. We demonstrated that glycerol residue was efficiently cleaved from the 3′-end by TDP1 but not by its mutant form associated with the disease spinocerebellar ataxia with axonal neuropathy. Therefore, the second reaction step can be carried out not only by a water molecule but also by the other small nucleophilic molecules, e.g., glycerol and ethanol. Thus, in some cases, TDP1 can be regarded not only as a repair enzyme but also as a source of DNA damage especially in the case of mutation. Such damages can make a negative contribution to the stability of cell vitality.
The paper includes the research results on the changes in the spatial proportions of the development of post-Soviet Russia in several dimensions: east–west, "periphery"- "centre", rural–urban and resource-processing economies. The analysis showed that there was a concentration of economic activity throughout the country, which was accompanied by its shift from the east and the periphery to the west and to the centre of the country, respectively; the urban system was growing, and there was a concentration of population in large cities. However, the speed of these processes did not meet expectations; a more active dynamic was predicted as a result of market reforms. But despite this, the market and the agglomeration factors appear to be the main determinants of the observed spatial transformations. The generally accepted view that public investment and the resource economy, which were the most important factors of spatial development in the Soviet period, continue to be substantial, has not been confirmed. Federal investment is insignificant for noticeable changes in the spatial proportions, whereas the influence of mining sector appears to be ambiguous and depends on the regional specialization. Este artículo incluye los resultados de una investigación sobre los cambios en las proporciones espaciales del desarrollo de la Rusia postsoviética en varias dimensiones: este–oeste, "periferia"–"centro", rural–urbana y economías de procesamiento de recursos. El análisis mostró una concentración de la actividad económica por todo el país, acompañada de un desplazamiento desde el este y la periferia hacia el oeste y el centro del país, respectivamente. El sistema urbano estaba creciendo y se produjo una concentración de la población en las grandes ciudades. Sin embargo, la velocidad de esos procesos no cumplió las expectativas ya que se predijo una dinámica más activa como resultado de las reformas del mercado. A pesar de ello, los factores de mercado y de aglomeración parecen ser los principales determinantes de las transformaciones espaciales observadas. No se ha confirmado la opinión generalmente aceptada de que la inversión pública y la economía de recursos, que fueron los factores más importantes del desarrollo espacial en el período soviético, siguen siendo importantes. La inversión federal es insignificante respecto a los cambios notables en las proporciones espaciales, mientras que la influencia del sector minero parece ser ambigua y depende de la especialización regional.
The TAIGA-IACTs are part of the hybrid TAIGA experimental complex, located near lake Baikal in Tunka valley, Siberia, Russia. The telescopes have segmented mirrors in Davis-Cotton design with the reflector diameter of 4.3 m and an imaging camera with PMTs in its focus to detect nanosecond flashes of Cherenkov light from EAS. The TAIGA-IACTs are operating in wobble mode. Their operation requires high pointing and tracking accuracy, especially important for long exposure times. The telescope positioning system consists of steppers motors, 17-bit angular encoders and a CCD camera for accurate monitoring of the telescope pointing by stars in its field of view and related calibration procedures. The telescope is controlled by using the custom software based on the EPICS (Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System) package. This report presents an overview of the TAIGA-IACT control and monitoring software, pointing accuracy and the relevant calibration procedures.
Measurements of the branching fractions of and decays are performed using a data sample corresponding to of proton-proton collision data collected with the LHCb detector at a centre-of-mass energy of

where the mesons are reconstructed in the final state

The first observation of the decay and the first evidence for the decay are reported with branching fractions
Extreme waves or freak waves are an integral part of ocean waving, and PDFs are compared both for nonlinear and linear models.

Presented are the results of numerical experiments on calculation of probability distribution functions (PDFs) for surface elevations of water waves arising during the evolution of statistically homogeneous wave field.

Obviously, linear model demonstrates the Rayleigh distribution of surface elevations while PDFs for nonlinear equation have tails for large elevations similar to Rayleigh distribution, but with much larger σ.
The intramembrane proteolytic activities of presenilins (PSEN1/PS1 and PSEN2/PS2) underlie production of β-amyloid, the key process in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Dysregulation of presenilin-mediated signaling is linked to cancers. Inhibition of the γ-cleavage activities of PSENs that produce Aβ, but not the ε-like cleavage activity that release physiologically essential transcription activators, is a potential approach for the development of rational therapies for AD.

In order to identify whether different activities of PSEN1 can be dissociated, we designed multiple mutations in the evolutionary conserved sites of PSEN1. We tested them in vitro and in vivo assays and compared their activities with mutant isoforms of presenilin-related intramembrane di-aspartyl protease (IMPAS1 (IMP1)/signal peptide peptidase (SPP)).

PSEN1 auto-cleavage was more resistant to the mutation remodeling than the ε-like proteolysis. PSEN1 with a G382A or a P433A mutation in evolutionary invariant sites retains functionally important APP ε- and Notch S3- cleavage activities, but G382A inhibits APP γ-cleavage and Aβ production and a P433A elevates Aβ. The G382A variant cannot restore the normal cellular ER Ca2+ leak in PSEN1/PSEN2 double knockout cells, but efficiently rescues the loss-of-function (Egl) phenotype of presenilin in C. elegans. We found that, unlike in PSEN1 knockout cells, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ leak is not changed in the absence of IMP1/SPP. IMP1/SPP with the analogous mutations retained efficiency in cleavage of transmembrane substrates and rescued the lethality of Ce-imp-2 knockouts. In summary, our data show that mutations near the active catalytic sites of intramembrane di-aspartyl proteases have different consequences on proteolytic and signaling functions.
T. kiharae (A t A t GGDD, 2n = 42) is of interest for the improvement of common wheat varieties as a source of high protein and gluten content and resistance to diseases.