Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
The purpose of the study is to gain an insight into the current language situation among speakers of the German dialects in two largest regions of Siberia - Novosibirsk Oblast and Tomsk Oblast. The work is novel in that it introduces data from new field researches into scientific use. In addition to that, the language situation among speakers of the German dialects is for the first time assessed basing on the idioms forming it (they are represented by dialects of the Low and High German varieties) and their demographic power. The research findings amount to describing the language situation on the basis of a theoretical analysis of the facts obtained empirically while collecting material in the dialects in the field.
We report the first observation of ϒ(5S) → ϒ(1, 2, 3S)π 0 π 0 decays.The neutral partner of the Z ± b (10610), the Z 0 b (10610) decaying to ϒ(2, 3S)π 0 , is observed for the first time with a 6.5σ significance using a Dalitz analysis of ϒ(5S) → ϒ(2, 3S)π 0 π 0 decays.First results on the analysis of the three-body± are also reported.The results are obtained with a 121.4 fb -1 data sample collected with the Belle detector at the ϒ(5S) resonance at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e + e -collider.
A computational and experimental study of the flow regimes of a mixture of castor and paraffin oils in a T‐type microchannel with 200 × 400 µm cross section was carried out.

The ranges of parallel, slug, droplet, and rivulet flow regimes of the tested mixture were defined. According to the experimental results, a flow regime map was constructed for this mixture depending on the Weber number multiplied by the Ohnesorge number. A correlation of the length of paraffin oil slugs to the fluid flow ratio was established. The experimental data were compared with results of numerical simulation.

A good agreement between calculation and experimental data was achieved in terms of reproduction of flow regimes, phase boundaries, and slug length.
The passage through the cell cycle is controlled by complexes of cyclins, the regulatory units, with cyclin-dependent kinases, the catalytic units. It is also known that cyclins form several families, which differ considerably in primary structure from one eukaryotic organism to another. Despite these lines of evidence, the relationship between the evolution of cyclins and their function is an open issue.

Here we present the results of our study on the molecular evolution of A-, B-, D-, E-type cyclin proteins in animals and fungi. We constructed phylogenetic trees for these proteins, their ancestral sequences and analyzed patterns of amino acid replacements.

The analysis of infrequently fixed atypical amino acid replacements in cyclins evidenced that accelerated evolution proceeded predominantly during paralog duplication or after it in animals and fungi and that it was related to aromorphic changes in animals. It was shown also that evolutionary flexibility of cyclin function may be provided by consequential reorganization of regions on protein surface remote from CDK binding sites in animal and fungal cyclins and by functional differentiation of paralogous cyclins formed in animal evolution. The results suggested that changes in the number and/or nature of cyclin-binding proteins may underlie the evolutionary role of the alterations in the molecular structure of cyclins and their involvement in diverse molecular-genetic events.
Earlier, it was found that the reaction of para ‐mentha‐6,8‐diene‐2,3‐diol with 2,4,5‐trimethoxybenzaldehyde in the presence of Montmorillonite K 10 clay led to the formation of a compound with an unusual epoxychromene framework among other products. In the current work, systematic studies of the effect of the number and position of MeO groups in the aromatic ring of the aldehyde on the reaction route were performed to reveal the structural parameters, which favor the formation of compounds with an epoxychromene framework. Compounds with an epoxychromene framework were shown to be formed if the benzaldehyde contained MeO substituents in o ‐ and p ‐position. The highest yield was achieved in the case of 2,4,5‐trimethoxybenzaldehyde.
addressing a long-standing gap in coverage of possible new physics signatures

A search for charged leptons with large impact parameters using $139\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of $\sqrt{s}=13\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}$ $pp$ collision data from the ATLAS detector at the LHC is presented

Results are consistent with the background prediction. This search provides unique sensitivity to long-lived scalar supersymmetric lepton partners (sleptons). For lifetimes of 0.1 ns, selectron, smuon, and stau masses up to 720, 680, and $340\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$, respectively, are excluded at 95% confidence level, drastically improving on the previous best limits from LEP.
The influence of orientation of copper crystal on the processes of methane decomposition and the growth of graphene layers is studied in this paper.

It is shown that crystal nucleus growth rate and coating formation rate are different on copper grains with different crystal orientation.

Maximum coating formation rates are recorded for 110 planes. Maximum crystal growth rate and maximum size of graphene single crystals in a film are observed for 100 plane. The difference in the growth rates of the graphene coating is explained by the difference in the kinetics of decomposition of methane and the diffusion rates on surfaces with different crystal orientation.
Delay differential equation model of a nonlinear optical--nonlinear amplifying loop mirror mode-locked laser is developed that takes into account the finite relaxation rate of the gain medium and asymmetric beam splitting at the entrance of the nonlinear mirror loop.

Asymptotic linear stability analysis of the continuous wave solutions performed in the limit of large delay indicates that in a class-B laser flip instability is preceded by the modulational instability and therefore cannot give rise to stable square wave patterns.

Numerically it is shown that the model can demonstrate large windows of regular fundamental and harmonic mode-locked regimes with single and multiple pulses per cavity round trip time separated by domains of irregular pulsing.
The results are based on a $980~\mathrm{fb^{-1}}$ data sample collected by the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy $e^{+}e^{-}$ collider.

We report branching fraction measurements of four decay modes of the $\Lambda_{c}^{+}$ baryon, each of which includes an $\eta$ meson and a $\Lambda$ baryon in the final state, and all of which are measured relative to the $\Lambda_{c}^{+} \rightarrow p K^{-} pi^{+}$ decay mode.

Two decays, $\eta \Sigma^{0} \pi^{+}$ and $\Lambda(1670) \pi^{+}$, are observed for the first time, while the measurements of the other decay modes, $\Lambda_{c}^{+} \rightarrow \eta\Lambda\pi^{+}$ and $\eta\Sigma(1385)^{+}$, are more precise than those made previously. We obtain $\mathcal{B}(\Lambda_{c}^{+} \rightarrow \eta \Lambda \pi^{+})/\mathcal{B}(\Lambda_{c}^{+} \rightarrow p K^{-} \pi^{+})$ = $0.293 \pm 0.003 \pm 0.014$, $\mathcal{B}(\Lambda_{c}^{+} \rightarrow \eta \Sigma^{0} \pi^{+})/\mathcal{B}(\Lambda_{c}^{+} \rightarrow p K^{-} \pi^{+})$ = $0.120 \pm 0.006 \pm 0.006$, $\mathcal{B}(\Lambda_{c}^{+} \rightarrow \Lambda(1670) \pi^{+}) \times \mathcal{B}(\Lambda(1670) \rightarrow \eta \Lambda)/\mathcal{B}(\Lambda_{c}^{+} \rightarrow p K^{-} \pi^{+})$ = $(5.54 \pm 0.29 \pm 0.73 ) \times 10^{-2}$, and $\mathcal{B}(\Lambda_{c}^{+} \rightarrow \eta \Sigma(1385)^{+})/\mathcal{B}(\Lambda_{c}^{+} \rightarrow p K^{-} \pi^{+})$ = $0.192 \pm 0.006 \pm 0.016$. The mass and width of the $\Lambda(1670)$ are also precisely determined to be $1674.3 \pm 0.8 \pm 4.9~{\rm MeV}/c^{2}$ and $36.1 \pm 2.4 \pm 4.8~{\rm MeV}$, respectively, where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively.
This paper is the first part of a cycle of three articles, which is a survey devoted to the discussion of problems of the unique determination of conformal type for domains in Euclidean spaces.The main goal of the survey is to present a new apparently, very interesting and yet very difficult trend in the classical geometric topic of the unique determination of convex surfaces by their intrinsic metrics.This (the first) article of the cycle relies upon the author's talk 'Unique Determination of Polyhedral Domains and p-Moduli of Path Families' given at the International Conference 'Metric Geometry of Surfaces and Polyhedra' (Moscow, August 2010) dedicated to the 100th anniversary of Prof. N. V. Efimov, and the article itself is an extended version of this talk.Note that the author developed problems of the unique determination of conformal type for domains in Euclidean spaces in earlier papers.

In the present article, we expose new results on the problem of the unique determination of conformal type for domains in R n .In contrast to the classical case, these results present a new approach in which the notion of the p-modulus of path families is used.

In particular, we show that a (generally speaking) nonconvex bounded polyhedral domain in R n (n ≥ 4) whose boundary is an (n -1)-dimensional connected manifold of class C 0 without boundary and is representable as a finite union of pairwise nonoverlapping (n -1)-dimensional cells is uniquely determined by the relative conformal moduli of its boundary condensers.Results on the unique determination (of polyhedral domains) of isometric type are also obtained.
The microbiome of cultivated and wild potato species was studied

effective endophytic bacteria were isolated, and experimental samples of microbial preparations were developed

The effectiveness of microbial preparations based on Bacillus thuringiensis W65 and Paenibacillus xylanexedens N40 strains in the Leningrad and Novosibirsk regions on new potato varieties is shown
The Helical Plasma Thruster [1] is intended to work as the main megawatt-class thruster for interplanetary missions or inter-orbital tug shuttles. Its plasma accelerator channel has a strong axial magnetic field for wall insulation, ending with a magnetic nozzle. These features, as well as the ability to change the exhaust velocity and thrust in flight, are similar to that of the well-known VASIMR engine [2]. However, the plasma acceleration method of rotating plasmas in helically corrugated field is original. It is not relying on the cyclotron (or other) resonances and can thus work with ion mixtures and even with partially ionized plasmas. However, the plasma rotation needs biased electrodes, so that erosion might be a problem. This paper describes an optimized design of the thruster for protection of electrodes. There is also a possibility for effective reduction of the engine volume.
The stationary current induced by a strong running potential wave in one-dimensional system is studied. Such a wave can result from illumination of a straight quantum wire with special grating or spiral quantum wire by circular-polarized light.

The wave drags electrons in the direction correlating with the direction of the system symmetry and polarization of light. In a pure system the wave induces minibands in the accompanied system of reference. We study the effect in the presence of impurity scattering. The current is an interplay between the wave drag and impurity braking.

It was found that the drag current is quantized when the Fermi level gets into energy gaps.
The effect of various activator materials on the structure and properties of fluoropolymer coatings was studied using hexafluoropropylene oxide as the precursor gas.

Nichrome, nickel and tungsten wires were used as catalysts. Coatings were obtained on various materials: stainless steel, copper, glass and silicon with different structures

that can be used for practical applications.
Analysis of the functional nature of mutations can be based on comparisons of their manifestation in organisms with a deletion or duplication of a particular chromosome segment. With the use of reciprocal translocation T(16;17)43H, it is feasible to produce mice with tertiary trisomy of the proximal region of chromosome 17. The mutations on chromosome 17 we tested included brachyury (T), hairpin tail (Thp), kinky (Fuki), quaking (qk), tufted (tf), as well as tct (t complex tail interaction), and tcl (t complex lethal) that are specific to t haplotypes. The set of dominant and recessive mutations was assigned to two groups: one obligatory, manifesting itself in the phenotype independently of the number of normal alleles in di- and trisomics, and the other facultative, phenotypically manifesting itself depending upon the dosage of mutant alleles. A model was derived from analysis of the interaction of the T and Thp mutations with t haplotypes. It seeks to explain the morphogenetic effects of the mutations observed in mice of different genotypes. The tir gene is postulated to reside on chromosome 17 within its framework. It is suggested that the gene dosage ratio at the tir and tct loci determines tail length.
The stochastic molecular modeling method (SMM) of transport processes in rarefied gases developed by the authors is systematically discussed in this paper. It is shown that, it is possible to simulate the transport coefficients of rarefied gas with high accuracy, using a relatively small number of molecules.

The second part of the paper is devoted to the generalization of the SMM method for modeling transport processes in confined conditions. To describe the dynamics of molecules in this case, the splitting of their evolution by processes is used: first, the movement of molecules in the configuration space is simulated, and then their dynamics in the velocity space is imitated. The interaction of gas molecules with walls is described by specular or specular-diffuse reflection laws.

The data of modeling the thermal conductivity coefficient are presented for the first time. Anisotropy of viscosity and thermal conductivity in nanochannels has been established. Gas viscosity can be either greater than in the bulk or less, depending on the law of gas interaction with the channel walls.
This article analyzes compound verbs of modern Japanese language belonging to the reciprocal and joint action group expressing quantitative meaning. It also discusses the term ‘compound verb’ and its understanding in Russian and foreign linguistics. The compound verb is a verb in which from the left side a nominal, verbal or adjective component may be added to a verb functioning as a second component of the compound verb, from the right side – the auxiliary verb suru ‘to do’. We suppose that the compound verb is a verb combining two verbal components. The first component has the form of a connective form of the verb, and the second one is a verb having a full word inflectional paradigm. Components 合う -au and 合わせる -awaseru are used as affixes in analyzed compound verbs. Compound verbs with reciprocal meaning with component 合う -au express subjective reciprocal meaning and suppose existence of two participants of action. Compound verbs with joint action meaning with component 合う -au can express an indefinite quantity of subjects of action with the help of using adverbs or the appropriate lexicon as the subject of a sentence. The second component 合う -au easily adjoins to the verbs implying existence of a partner and doesn’t join to verbs which have a strong meaning of individuality and separateness. The second component 合わせる -awaseru partially keeps its own lexical meaning and the compound verb overall has an objective reciprocal meaning and expresses the quantity of subjects or objects. Compound verbs with component 合わせる -awaseru have the following meanings: 1. Combination of two subjects or two items. In this group as a first component the verbs with meaning ‘joint, adding’ and verbs with meaning ‘sudden joint action of partners’ are often used. 2. Adding one subject to another, one item to another. Compound verb overall expresses meaning of the result of action. 3. Adaptation to some circumstances, comparison. Conclusion is made based on the comparison of some items.
The aim of the article is to investigate the little-studied pedagogical project of V. A. Zhukovsky in the last years of his life (Initial Course of Study, hereinafter – Course) from the point of view of the interaction of verbal and visual elements in it. V. A. Zhukovsky mainly worked out the Course in 1848-1851. He tested it in class with his daughter. The ‘course’ was to consist of three parts: 1) language; 2) mathematics; 3) Sacred History. For each of these parts, Zhukovsky prepared visual tables, which were original experiments in combination of verbal and visual (graphic) materials. The emphasis on visuality and experiments with it were innovative pedagogical strategies for the mid-19th century.

Types of graphic elements involved in the Course are very diverse: plot-shaped images, pictograms, ideograms, symbols, their combinations similar to ideographic writing, as well as diagrams that use various methods of color selection of elements. Based on handwritten material from the Zhukovsky Foundation in the Russian National Library, the article analyzes in detail the most important of these: plot-shaped images, diagrams and mnemonic symbols. We identify the nature of the interaction of signs of different nature in the heterogeneous (visual-verbal) environment of the Course and find that in the materials of the Course related to Sacred History, the model of creolized text is used, and in the materials on mathematics and language – polycode text.

The idea of the Course was undoubtedly influenced by such types of family communication between adults and children as domestic make-believe games (playing books and stories), board games (cards and other educational games, word registers), games of charades. But in addition, the influence of Zhukovsky’s translation activity and a certain specificity of the figurative activity of his artistic consciousness, a kind of ‘habit of translation’, manifested in the multiplying ways of transmitting the same meaning in different forms, visual and metaphorical, is obvious.
Liquid-phase hydrogenation of crotonaldehyde in non-polar and polar solvents was studied on monometallic Pd, Pt, Ir, Re catalysts using mesoporous Sibunit and Al2O3 as supports.

In the presence of Pd the -C=C- bond of crotonaldehyde was preferably hydrogenated to form butanal, while butanal and crotyl alcohol are formed over Ir catalysts. Crotonaldehyde hydrogenation in 1,4-dioxane did not exhibit further butanal to butanol hydrogenation. Application of Re as a catalyst leads to formation of crotyl alcohol, with activity being, however, twofold lower than of Ir catalysts. Pt/C is almost inactive in the hydrogenation of crotonaldehyde.

Formation of crotyl alcohol occurs most efficiently over Ir/Al2O3 in aprotic nonpolar solvents (decane), with selectivity to crotyl alcohol increasing with temperature showing 30% at 25% conversion under 180 °C and hydrogen pressure 0.84 MPa. Crotonaldehyde hydrogenation in a polar protonic solvent (ethanol) results in butanal ac
Parameterization of the form factors of $f_1 (1285)$ meson is proposed. This parameterization is consistent with the available experimental data on the cross sections of $f_1 (1285)$ meson production in the processes $e^+e^- \to f_1 (1285)$ and $e^+e^- \to e^+e^-f_1 (1285)$, as well as on the widths of the decays $f_1 (1285)\to e^+e^-$, $f_1 (1285)\to \rho^0\gamma$, $f_1 (1285)\to \rho^0\pi^+\pi^-$, and $f_1 (1285)\to 2\pi^+2\pi^-$. Our parameterization is also consistent with the predictions for the asymptotic behavior of these form factors.
Many xenobiotics in the human environment, such as benzo[a]pyrene (B(a)P) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), may act as non-genotoxic carcinogens through epigenetic mechanisms, including changes in microRNA expression profile. In part, such disorders can be mediated by the activation of nuclear receptors, resulting in the activation of protein coding gene expression and microRNAs involved in malignant transformation of cells.

Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the chain of events 'xenobiotic administration – receptor activation – up-regulating microRNA expression – down-regulation target genes expression' as one of the key factors in the chemically-induced carcinogenesis. Using in silico methods, an analysis of the rat genome was carried out to find microRNAs putatively regulated by AhR (aryl hydrocarbon receptor) and CAR (constitutive androstane receptor), activated by BP and DDT, respectively. In particular, miR-3577 and -193b were selected as potentially regulated CAR, miR-207 was selected as a candidate for miR under AhR regulation. To confirm the effects of xenobiotics on the microRNA expression, we also estimated the mRNA level of PTPN6, EIF3F, Cbx7, and Dicer1 genes potentially targeting miR-193b, -207, and -3577.

The results of the study showed that the treatment of female rats with DDT and B(a)P caused a tissue-specific changes in the expression of microRNAs and host genes in both acute and chronic administration of xenobiotics. The study has shown a high correlation between the expression of target genes and microRNAs; however these changes depended on the tissue types, the dose and time after xenobiotic treatment.
Background Merlin, the product of the Neurofibromatosis type 2 ( NF2 ) tumor suppressor gene, belongs to the ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM) subgroup of the protein 4.1 superfamily, which links cell surface glycoproteins to the actin cytoskeleton. While merlin's functional activity has been examined in mammalian and Drosophila models, little is understood about its evolution, diversity, and overall distribution among different taxa. Results By combining bioinformatic and phylogenetic approaches, we demonstrate that merlin homologs are present across a wide range of metazoan lineages. While the phylogenetic tree shows a monophyletic origin of the ERM family, the origin of the merlin proteins is robustly separated from that of the ERM proteins. The derivation of merlin is thought to be in early metazoa. We have also observed the expansion of the ERM-like proteins within the vertebrate clade, which occurred after its separation from Urochordata ( Ciona intestinalis ). Amino acid sequence alignment reveals the absence of an actin-binding site in the C-terminal region of all merlin proteins from various species but the presence of a conserved internal binding site in the N-terminal domain of the merlin and ERM proteins. In addition, a more conserved pattern of amino acid residues is found in the region containing the so-called "Blue Box," although some amino acid substitutions in this region exist in the merlin sequences of worms, fish, and Ciona . Examination of sequence variability at functionally significant sites, including the serine-518 residue, the phosphorylation of which modulates merlin's intra-molecular association and function as a tumor suppressor, identifies several potentially important sites that are conserved among all merlin proteins but divergent in the ERM proteins. Secondary structure prediction reveals the presence of a conserved α-helical domain in the central to C-terminal region of the merlin proteins of various species. The conserved residues and structures identified correspond to the important sites highlighted by the available crystal structures of the merlin and ERM proteins. Furthermore, analysis of the merlin gene structures from various organisms reveals the increase of gene length during evolution due to the expansion of introns; however, a reduction of intron number and length appears to occur in the merlin gene of the insect group. Conclusion Our results demonstrate a monophyletic origin of the merlin proteins with their root in the early metazoa. The overall similarity among the primary and secondary structures of all merlin proteins and the conservation of several functionally important residues suggest a universal role for merlin in a wide range of metazoa.