Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
The Russian fox-farm experiment is an unusually long-running and well-controlled study designed to replicate wolf-to-dog domestication. As such, it offers an unprecedented window onto the neural mechanisms governing the evolution of behavior. Contrasting with prior work in other domesticated species, tame foxes did not show reduced brain volume.

Here we report adaptations to gray matter morphology resulting from selection for tameness vs. aggressive response toward humans. We also observed differential morphological covariation across distributed gray matter networks. In one prefrontal-hypothalamic network, this covariation differentiated the tame and aggressive foxes together from the conventional strain.

These findings indicate that selection for opposite behaviors can influence brain morphology in a similar way. Rather, gray matter volume in both the tame and aggressive strains was increased relative to foxes bred without selection on behavior. Furthermore, tame- and aggressive-enlarged regions overlapped substantially, including portions of motor, somatosensory, and prefrontal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, and cerebellum.
Long-lived imbalances of spin state populations can circumvent fast quadrupolar relaxation by reducing effective longitudinal relaxation rates by about an order of magnitude. This opens new avenues for the study of dynamic processes in deuterated molecules.

Here we present an analysis of the relaxation properties of deuterated methyl groups CD3. The number of coupled equations that describe cross-relaxation between the 27 symmetry-adapted spin states of a D3 system can be reduced to only 2 non-trivial "lumped modes" by (i) taking the sums of the populations of all states that equilibrate rapidly within each irreducible representation of the symmetry group, and (ii) by combining populations that have similar relaxation rates although they belong to different irreducible representations. We access these states via dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (D-DNP), a method that allows one to populate the desired long-lived states at cryogenic temperatures and their subsequent detection at ambient temperatures after rapid dissolution. Experimental examples of DMSO-d6 and ethanol-d6 demonstrate that long-lived deuterium spin states are indeed accessible and that their lifetimes can be determined.

The quadrupolar relaxation rates of the spin state imbalances in CD3 groups are determined not by the correlation time of overall tumbling of the molecule, but by the frequency of jumps of methyl groups about their three-fold symmetry axis. Our analysis of the system via "lumped" modes allows us to visualize different possible spin-state populations of symmetry A, B, or E. Thus, we identify a long-lived spin state involving all three deuterons in a CD3 group as an A/E imbalance that can be populated through DNP at low temperatures.
By combining machine learning methods and the dispersive Fourier transform we demonstrate, to the best of our knowledge, for the first time the possibility to determine the temporal duration of picosecond-scale laser pulses using a nanosecond photodetector. A fiber figure of eight lasers with two amplifiers in a resonator was used to generate pulses with durations varying from 28 to 160 ps and spectral widths varied in the range of 0.75–12 nm. The average power of the pulses was in the range from 40 to 300 mW. The trained artificial neural network makes it possible to predict the pulse duration with the mean agreement of 95%. The proposed technique paves the way to creating compact and low-cost feedback for complex laser systems.
A 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole-3-oxide-1-oxyl lithium derivative was found to react with perfluoroaromatic compounds with formation of products of fluoro-atom substitution, namely fluorinated aryl(hetaryl)-substituted nitronyl nitroxides. The yields of the fluorinated nitroxides were acceptable in cases of reactions with functionalized perfluorobenzene and perfluoropyridine (25-60%), but was low in case of reaction with perfluorobiphenyl (~ 5%).

Molecular and crystal structures of the obtained nitronyl nitroxides were solved by monocrystal Xray diffraction analysis, and the nature of the radical was ascertained by EPR.
The h-index is an important bibliographic measure used to assess the performance of researchers. Van Bevern et al. [Artif. Intel., to appear] showed that, despite computational worst-case hardness results, substantial manipulation of the h-index of Google Scholar author profiles is possible by merging articles. Complementing this work, we study the opposite operation, the splitting of articles, which is arguably the more natural operation for manipulation and which is also allowed within Google Scholar. We present numerous results on computational complexity (from linear-time algorithms to parameterized computational hardness results) and empirically indicate that at least small improvements of the h-index by splitting merged articles are easily achievable.
Radiotherapy is an important therapeutic approach to treating malignant tumors of different localization, including brain cancer. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) represents the most aggressive brain tumor, which develops relapsed disease during the first year after the surgical removal of the primary node, in spite of active adjuvant radiochemotherapy. More and more evidence suggests that the treatment's success might be determined by the balance of expected antitumor effects of the treatment and its non-targeted side effects on the surrounding brain tissue. Radiation-induced damage of the GBM microenvironment might create tumor-susceptible niche facilitating proliferation and invasion of the residual glioma cells and the disease relapse. Understanding of molecular mechanisms of radiation-induced changes in brain ECM might help to reconsider and improve conventional anti-glioblastoma radiotherapy, taking into account the balance between its antitumor and ECM-destructing activities. Although little is currently known about the radiation-induced changes in brain ECM, this review summarizes current knowledge about irradiation effects onto the main components of brain ECM such as proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans, glycoproteins and the enzymes responsible for their modification and degradation.
We present new whole-rock major and trace element, mineral chemistry, and U-Pb isotope data for the Ulan-Sar’dag mélange, including different lithostratigraphic units: Ophiolitic, mafic rocks and metavolcanites. The Ulan-Sar’dag mélange comprises of a seafloor and island-arc system of remnants of the Paleo-Asian Ocean. Detailed studies on the magmatic rocks led to the discovery of a rock association that possesses differing geochemical signatures within the studied area. The Ulan-Sar’dag mélange includes blocks of mantle peridotite, podiform chromitite, cumulate rocks, deep-water siliceous chert, and metavolcanic rocks of the Ilchir suite. The ophiolitic unit shows overturned pseudostratigraphy. The nappe of mantle tectonites is thrusted over the volcanic-sedimentary sequence of the Ilchir suite. The metavolcanic series consist of basic, intermediate, and alkaline rocks. The mantle peridotite and cumulate rocks formed in a supra-subduction zone environment. The mafic and metavolcanic rocks belong to the following geochemical types: (1) Ensimatic island-arc boninites; (2) island-arc calc-alkaline andesitic basalts, andesites, and dacites; (3) tholeiitic basalts of mid-ocean ridges; and (4) oceanic island basalts. U–Pb dating of zircons from the trachyandesite, belonging to the second geochemical type, yielded a date of 833 ± 4 Ma which is interpreted as the crystallization age during mature island-arc and intra-arc rifting stages. The possible influence of later plume magmatic-hydrothermal activities led to the appearance of moderately alkaline igneous rocks (monzogabbro, trachybasalt, trachyandesite, subalkaline gabbro, and metasomatized peridotites) with a significant subduction geochemical fingerprint.
The quark loop contribution to the Reggeon-Reggeon-gluon vertex is calculated in QCD, where the Reggeon is the Reggeized gluon.

Compared with the vertex in the Born approximation, this contribution exhibits a new spin structure as well as the gluon loop one.

A remarkable but not complete cancellation between gluon and quark contributions to this new spin structure takes place for the case of three massless quark flavors.
Based on the relation between the notions of Lie triple systems and Jordan algebras

we introduce the $n$-ary Jordan algebras,an $n$-ary generalization of Jordan algebras obtained via the generalization of the following property $\left[ R_{x},R_{y}\right] \in Der\left( \mathcal{A}\right)$, where $\mathcal{A}$ is an $n$-ary algebra. Next, we study a ternary example of these algebras.

Finally, based on the construction of a family of ternary algebras defined by means of the Cayley-Dickson algebras, we present an example of a ternary $D_{x,y}$-derivation algebra ($n$-ary $D_{x,y}$-derivation algebras are the non-commutative version of $n$-ary Jordan algebras).
We report here the genome sequence of an ancient human. Obtained from ∼4,000-year-old permafrost-preserved hair, the genome represents a male individual from the first known culture to settle in Greenland. For the first time, the sequence of a near-complete nuclear genome has been obtained from the tissue of an ancient human. It comes from permafrost-preserved hair, about 4,000 years old, of a male palaeo-Eskimo of the Saqqaq culture, the earliest known settlers in Greenland. The first genome sequence of an ancient human is reported. It comes from an approximately 4,000-year-old permafrost-preserved hair from a male from the first known culture to settle in Greenland.

Sequenced to an average depth of 20×, we recover 79% of the diploid genome, an amount close to the practical limit of current sequencing technologies. We identify 353,151 high-confidence single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), of which 6.8% have not been reported previously. We estimate raw read contamination to be no higher than 0.8%. We use functional SNP assessment to assign possible phenotypic characteristics of the individual that belonged to a culture whose location has yielded only trace human remains. We compare the high-confidence SNPs to those of contemporary populations to find the populations most closely related to the individual. Functional single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) assessment was used to assign possible phenotypic characteristics. Functional single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) assessment is used to assign possible phenotypic characteristics and high-confidence SNPs are compared to those of contemporary populations to find those most closely related to the individual.

This provides evidence for a migration from Siberia into the New World some 5,500 years ago, independent of that giving rise to the modern Native Americans and Inuit. The analysis provides evidence for a migration from Siberia into the New World some 5,500 years ago, independent of the migration that gave rise to the modern Native Americans and Inuit.
A new stage in the paleogenetic study of the Odino culture populations includes the analysis of a series of paleoanthropological samples from four Odino burial grounds: Sopka-2/4a, Ust-Tartas-2, Tartas-1, and Preobrazhenka-6. The total number of the expanded Odino series includes more than 200 paleoanthropological samples (individuals).

The research plan includes a significant increase in the number of mtDNA samples (up to ~150 samples) and obtaining data on the male genetic variability of the Odino population (~50 samples of the Y chromosome). In this paper, we present the results of the analysis of an extended mtDNA sample series from the Sopka-2/4a burial ground. The study covers paleoanthropological samples from 88 individuals. The structure of mtDNA lineages and their phylogenetic position were defined for 60 individuals (~68 % of the initial sample). Twenty mtDNA haplotypes were identified among the studied samples.

The Odino population is characterized by a mixed composition of the mtDNA gene pool, represented by the East Eurasian (A8, A10, C, D, Z) and West Eurasian (U2e, U4. K, HV6, I) haplogroups. New data confirmed the previously obtained preliminary inferences about the dominance of the East Eurasian components in the gene pool and the high role of autochthonous components marking genetic continuity with the previous population groups in the region (A10, D, Z, U2e haplogroups) in the process of formation of the Odino population. At the same time, new components associated with the influx of a genetically contrasting population (K, HV6 haplogroups) into the Baraba forest-steppe were identified in the extended mtDNA series. Obviously, the interaction of autochthonous and migration-related genetic components, most likely, was the mechanism for the formation of genetic features of the Odino population. New genetic data are discussed here in the context of current data on directions of external cultural relations of the Odino population from the Baraba forest-steppe.
The paper is devoted to the issues of the transformation of borders and cross-border cooperation between Russia and Kazakhstan.Methodologically, the article is based on the ''New economic geography" approaches and the theory of borders by O Martinez with the accents made on the institutional factors of the cross-border cooperation.The problems raised in the paper are considered in the context of basic trends in the evolution of borders of the states belonging to the former Soviet zone of influence that occurred in Europe and Eurasia after collapse of the USSR.The vectors of evolution of borders of the Central and Eastern Europe countries and Commonwealth of Independent States are analyzed.Particular attention is delivered to the state of interregional cooperation of Russia and Kazakhstan.According to the authors' view, the current state of interregional cooperation is not satisfactory to stimulate the process of regional development and integration and cannot substitute the advantages of cross-border cooperation of the «euroregions» type.So far, the authors conclude that no cross-border regions exist in Russia -Kazakhstan border area meaning that there are no genuine integrated regions.They agree that comparative advantages of the cross-border localization and available resources in a poor institutional environment can turn into barriers for regional development and, therefore, transform into «institutional traps»'.
Based on the obtained earlier experimental conductivity graphs at detonation of five different high explosives

an analysis was performed which shows a correlation between the carbon content and the conductivity magnitude

An assumption was put forward that the conductivity in the whole detonation wave is provided by the contact mechanism along conductive carbon nanostructures
Using pp collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb(-1) and collected by LHCb in 2011 at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV

we report the measurement of direct CP violation in B(s)(0)→K(-)π(+) decays, A(CP)(B(s)(0)→K(-)π(+)=0.27±0.04 (stat)±0.01 (syst), with significance exceeding 5 standard deviations. Furthermore, we provide an improved determination of direct CP violation in B(0)→K(+)π(-) decays, A(CP)(B(0)→K(+)π(-)=-0.080±0.007 (stat)±0.003 (syst)

This is the first observation of CP violation in the decays of B(s)(0) mesons. which is the most precise measurement of this quantity to date.
ЭКСТРАХРОМОСОМНЫЕДНК В КЛЕТКАХ МОЗГА И ПЕЧЕНИ НОРМАЛЬНЫХ КРЫС Л. В. Обухова, Е. В. Киселева, А. Ю. Боровков, В. П. Кумарев, Н
The study involved 260 patients (157 men and 103 women) with stroke (mean age 57.0 [51.0-62.0]) and 272 patients (170 men and 102 women) of the control group (mean age 55.0 [51.0-62.0]). The patients of the main group have arterial hypertension, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardias, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis of the brachiocephalic arteries, disorders of the hemostatic system. The control group was studied in the framework of the HAPIEE international project.

The examination of the main group included: collection of complaints, anamnesis, clinical examination, computed tomography of the brain, electrocardiography, echocardioscopy, ultrasound duplex scanning of extracranial brachiocephalic arteries, daily blood pressure and heart rate monitoring, analysis of the blood coagulation system. Molecular genetic research was performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction.

There were no statistically significant differences in the frequencies of genotypes and single nucleotide polymorphism rs556621 alleles (G>T) in the subgroup of patients with stroke and those in the control group. A statistically significant relationship was found between the rare genotype TT of single nucleotide polymorphism rs556621 (G>T) and the development of stroke in patients with dyslipidemia and atherosclerotic lesions of the coronary arteries (p=0.041; odds ratio 1.86, 95% confidence interval 1.02-3.41). The genotype of TTs of single nucleotide polymorphism rs556621 (G>T) increases the risk of developing stroke in patients with dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis of the brachiocephalic arteries compared with carriers of the GG and GT genotypes.
The synthesis and characterisation of a new, highly luminescent inorganic cluster complex, (Bu4N)2[Mo6I8(NO3)6], are described. The complex possesses labile nitrato ligands and is therefore a useful precursor for the design of new luminescent materials. To exemplify this, functionalised polystyrene beads have been utilised as "polymeric ligands" to immobilise the molybdenum cluster complex.
This hypothesis is placed into the context of other works on different sexual preferences in animals; supporting evidence from the literature is reviewed

A novel explanation of the evolutionary process leading to the appearance of differences in sexual preferences is proposed. The explanation is fully general: it is not specific to any particular type of sexual preferences, nor to any species or population. It shows how different sexual preferences can appear in any large group-living population in which sexual selection is sufficiently strong in each sex.

The main idea is that the lack of interest toward a member of the opposite sex may be interpreted as a signal of popularity, and thus of reproductive success. It is then boosted by the Fisher runaway process far beyond the point where it becomes costly, resulting in a generalized trait-lack of interest toward the opposite sex. If the interest diverts toward other targets then different sexual preferences emerge. Additional research needed to confirm or refute the hypothesis in any given species is outlined.
The karyotypes and the localization of C-bands, clusters of ribosomal DNA and telomeric repeats of 10 species of the family Pamphagidae from Morocco are described for the first time. The species studied belong to the subfamilies Pamphaginae and Thrinchinae. All species have karyotypes consisting of 19 and 20 acrocentric chromosomes and X0/XX sex chromosome system in males and females, respectively (2n♂=19, NF=19; 2n♀=20, NF=20). Despite the karyotype conservatism, we revealed differences in the location and size of C-heterochromatin blocks and ribosomal DNA clusters. A comparative analysis of these differences shows that karyotype divergences in this group is connected not to structural chromosome rearrangements, but to the evolution of repetitive DNA.
A convenient one-pot approach to alkylcyanobiaryls is described.

The method is based on biaryl cross-coupling between the sodium salt of the terephthalonitrile dianion and a neutral aromatic nitrile in liquid ammonia, and successive alkylation of the long-lived anionic intermediate with alkyl bromides.

The reaction is compatible with benzonitriles that contain methyl, methoxy and phenyl groups, fluorine atoms, and a 1-cyanonaphthalene residue. The variety of ω-substituted alkyl bromides, including an extra bromine atom, a double bond, cyano and ester groups, as well as a 1,3-dioxane fragment are suitable as alkylation reagents.
Over the last few years, genome-wide association (GWA) studies became a tool of choice for the identification of loci associated with complex traits. Currently, imputed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) data are frequently used in GWA analyzes. Correct analysis of imputed data calls for the implementation of specific methods which take genotype imputation uncertainty into account. We developed the ProbABEL software package for the analysis of genome-wide imputed SNP data and quantitative, binary, and time-till-event outcomes under linear, logistic, and Cox proportional hazards models, respectively. For quantitative traits, the package also implements a fast two-step mixed model-based score test for association in samples with differential relationships, facilitating analysis in family-based studies, studies performed in human genetically isolated populations and outbred animal populations. ProbABEL package provides fast efficient way to analyze imputed data in genome-wide context and will facilitate future identification of complex trait loci.
The starting point is the reduced model of global marine fisheries designated by W-3. The main variables of an ordinary differential equation are: the stock of bioresource, its net natural increase, as well as the catch value, which linearly depends on exogenous effort and nonlinearly on available biomass. In W-4, the effort became endogenous as a result of its positive feedback from biomass. In both models, there are values of control parameters in the catch equations, in which the value of the latter can be maintained for a long time at the maximum stable level, with the exception of transition sections. The principle of necessary precaution is fulfilled for small fish stocks more reliably in W-4 than in W-3, thanks to the transformation of the saddle into an unstable node with a common stable node. For these one-dimensional models, the author proposed an original generalization - the R-1 model of two nonlinear ordinary differential equations. In the latter effort, a new phase variable appears, subordinated to proportional control and derivative regulation. Biomass serves as a “prey”, and the effort appears as a “predator”. For two key control parameters, areas of change were identified for which the target stationary state is a locally asymptotically stable node or focus in R-1. A policy has been proposed for the restoration of depleted fish stocks and a transition to a long-term maximum sustainable harvest has been determined. Optimization over a wide time frame (from 40 to 400 years) allows us to calculate the values of the selected control parameters for which the integral catch volume in R-1 is higher than in W-4 for the same initial values of stock, effort and catch. Social constraints from below on the magnitude of the effort, as well as the desired nature of the transition to the target stationary state, are taken into account. The danger of biomass collapse is overcome, unlike previous models.
An infinite permutation is a linear order on the set N.

We study the properties of infinite permutations generated by fixed points of some uniform binary morphisms

and find the formula for their complexity.