Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Adipose tissue (AT) dysfunction plays an important role in metabolic disorders in obesity and type 2 diabetes. The role of distribution, hypertrophy and vascularization of AT in adipokine secretion disturbances remain to be clarified.

A total of 125 patients were examined, including 82 subjects with obesity. Thirty persons without diabetes and obesity, matched by sex and age, were acted as control. Concentrations of leptin, resistin, visfatin, adipsin and adiponectin in fasting serum were determined using multiplex analysis. Mass and distribution of AT was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Samples of SAT were obtained from umbilical region using a knife biopsy in 25 patients and in 15 individuals who died in accidents. Blood and lymphatic vessels in SAT were revealed with immunohistochemistry, using antibody to CD-34 and podoplanin respectively. The volume and numerical density, ultrastructure of blood and lymphatic vessels, and mean diameter of subcutaneous adipocytes were evaluated.

Patients with diabetes, as compared to control, had significantly higher levels of leptin, resistin, adipsin and visfatin (all p0.001). Adiponectin showed no differences. Concentrations of leptin, resistin, visfatin, adipsin and adiponectin correlated positively with gynoid fat mass. Additionally, leptin and adipsinshowed positive correlations with truncal and central abdominal fat mass. Concentration of leptin, but not other adipokines, was associated with hypertrophy of subcutaneous adipocytes. A decrease in volumetric density of microvessels(р=0.01) and increase in volume and numerical density of lymphatic vessels (both р=0.02) was observed in subcutaneous AT from diabetic subjects. The swelling of cytoplasm, mitochondria, cisterns of granular endoplasmic reticulum and reduced content of micropinocytotic vesicles was revealed in lymphatic capillaries. Resistin and visfatin showed inverse associations with density of microvessels. Endocrine dysfunction of AT in patients with type 2 diabetes, manifested by elevation of serum concentrations of leptin, resistin, visfatin and adipsin, is associated with mass and distribution of AT, hypertrophy of subcutaneous adipocytes and vascularization abnormalities of subcutaneous AT.
Insects play an important role in biocenoses due to their abundance and wide (cosmopolitan) distribution. Many insects are crop pests. An effective pest control could be realized in case of proper species identification, which is usually managed by morphological analysis. Molecular methods allow to deep study of many issues of insect biology. In particular, traditional approach can not ordinary identify a species at all stages of their life cycle, whereas molecular methods can it.

This review covers a wide range of issues related to the molecular genetic analysis of insects. In the first section we consider the methods of fixation and storage of insect specimens, as well as their impact on DNA quality. Further, we provide general information on population study design. Various schemes of DNA extraction, examples of both express techniques and more thorough protocols for DNA extraction and their purification are provided. In addition, methods of DNA isolation that allow to preserve a specimen integrity for further morphological studies are considered. The methods of DNA quality control are described in detail, that is important for PCR analysis.

The last section provides various methods of PCR analysis, that we exemplify by studies aimed to elucidate both fundamental issues and practical problems.
Изучена корректность численных моделей на основе SPH-метода для нестационарных задач гравитационной газодинамики с развитием гравитационных неустойчивостей, в том числе с формированием множественных коллапсов газа в околозвездном диске. Исходные дифференциальные начально-краевые задачи некорректны из-за своей неустойчивости к изменению входных данных. Показано, что в численном методе на основе SPH для решения этих некорректных задач проводится следующая регуляризация: 1) если решение исходной неустойчивой задачи существует на всей временной оси, то ограниченность области изменения переменных в численном методе позволяет удовлетворить условию его устойчивости к малым изменениям входных данных; 2) если решения исходной неустойчивой задачи существуют только на ограниченном временном интервале, как в случае множественных коллапсов, то устойчивый численный метод строится на классе функций, ограниченных фиксированной постоянной, выбираемой из физических соображений. На этом классе функций исходная задача тоже становится корректной. Комбинация SPH-метода с сеточным методом расчета гравитационных сил позволяет обеспечить такую ограниченноcть численных решений. Для выяснении смысла приближенных численных решений, получаемых в вычислительных экспериментах, следует использовать интегральные функции, слабо чувствительные к деталям численного алгоритма. We study the correctness of numerical models based on the SPH-method for nonstationary problems of gravitational gas dynamics with the development of gravitational instability, including with the formation of multiple collapses of a gas in a circumstellar disk. The original differential initial boundary value problems are ill-posed because of their instability with respect to variations of input data. It is shown that the following regularization is performed in the SPH-based numerical method of solving such problems: (1) if the solution to the original unstable problem exists on the entire time axis, then the condition of the method's stability with respect to small variations of input data is satisfied due to a bounded range of the variables; (2) if the solution of the original unstable problem exists only on a bounded time interval, as in the case of multiple collapses, then a stable numerical method can be developed on a class of functions bounded by a fixed constant chosen from physical considerations. On this class of bounded functions, the original problem becomes well-posed. A combination of the SPH method with a grid-based method of calculating the gravitational forces allows one to ensure the boundedness of numerical solutions. In order to clarify a meaning of the approximate numerical solutions obtained by computer simulations, it is necessary to use the integral functions weakly sensitive to the details of the numerical algorithm in use.
The paper features the 3rd category of the classification introduced by the author in her previous article 'The Role of Stylistic Dissonance in Alla Y. Frolova’s Russian Translation of J. Austen’s "Sense and Sensibility". Part 1'.

The author analyzes the relevance of stylistic dissonance in the Russian translation of "Sense and Sensibility", published in 2013 under the title "Разум и чувство" (pronounced as [razum i chuvstvo], which literally means "Reason and Feeling"). The 1st stage of the research revealed the following categories of the phenomenon: 1) it conveys (or create) comic effects and irony; 2) it serves to adapt the novel to the linguistic worldview, tastes and preferences of the modern audience; 3) translation and editing mistakes. The present article represents the 2nd part of the research and examines the 3rd category.

The phenomenon of stylistic dissonance is revealed to have both positive and negative impacts on the text, which are described in the conclusion. The analysis is a part of a larger research that focuses on Russian and French full-text translations of J. Austen’s novel.
The thermoelectric response of HgTe quantum wells in the state of two-dimensional topological insulator (2D TI) has been studied experimentally. Ambipolar thermopower, typical for an electron–hole system, has been observed across the charge neutrality point, where the carrier type changes from electrons to holes according to the resistance measurements. The hole-type thermopower is much stronger than the electron-type one. The thermopower linearly increases with temperature.

We present a theoretical model which accounts for both the edge and bulk contributions to the electrical conductivity and thermoelectric effect in a 2D TI, including the effects of edge to bulk leakage. The model, contrary to previous theoretical studies, demonstrates that the 2D TI is not expected to show anomalies of thermopower near the band conductivity threshold, which is consistent with our experimental results.

Based on the experimental data and theoretical analysis, we conclude that the observed thermopower is mostly of the bulk origin, while the resistance is determined by both the edge and bulk transport.
In this article, we review recent advances in the technology of writing fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) in selected cores of multicore fibers (MCFs) by using femtosecond laser pulses. The writing technology of such a key element as the FBG opens up wide opportunities for the creation of next generation fiber lasers and sensors based on MCFs. The advantages of the technology are shown by using the examples of 3D shape sensors, acoustic emission sensors with spatially multiplexed channels, as well as multicore fiber Raman lasers.
Recovery of optical phases using direct intensity detection methods is an ill-posed problem and some prior information is required to regularize it. In the case of multi-mode fibers, the known structure of eigenmodes is used to recover optical field and find mode decomposition by measuring intensity distribution.

Here we demonstrate numerically and experimentally a mode decomposition technique that outperforms the fastest previously published method in terms of the number of modes while showing the same decomposition speed.

This technique improves signal-to-noise ratio by 10 dB for a 3-mode fiber and by 7.5 dB for a 5-mode fiber.
The paper aims to make a satisfactory realistic interpretation of the solution of the truth-making problem within the framework of D. Dennett’s real patterns conception in order to show that D. Dennett’s ontology can be interpreted in a realistic sense not only within the framework of J. Ladyman’s structural realism. As a starting point, the solution of the truth-making problem within the concept of “serious essentialism” by E. J. Lowe is considered. Our thesis is that the expansion of the D. Dennett’s conception with E. J. Lowe’s “serious essentialism” leads us to the conclusion that D. Dennett’s ontology not only receives a satisfactory realistic interpretation of the solution of the truth-making problem, but also provides an opportunity to answer properly to the definition of scientific realism given by M. Devitt.
Small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMC) can appear in a numerically normal 'basic karyotype', but also in a numerically abnormal one like a Turner syndrome karyotype (= sSMCT).

Here we present 17 new cases with such a mos 45,X/46,X,+mar karyotype. Moreover we reviewed all 512 cytogenetically similar cases available from the literature and supply for the first time data on occurrence, shapes and subgroups of this rare cytogenetic entity.

sSMCT are very rare in the common population (1:100,000) – however, they can be observed with a 45- and even 60-times higher frequency in infertile and (develop)mentally retarded patients, respectively. Even though sSMCT derive from one of the gonosomes in >99% of the cases, there are also exceptional reports on sSMCT derived from one of the autosomes. The majority of sSMCT(X) form ring chromosomes, while most sSMCT(Y) are inverted duplicated/isodicentric chromosomes. Although >500 sSMCT are reported, a detailed characterization of the chromosomal breakpoints is only given for a minority. Thus, more cases with detailed (molecular) cytogenetic marker chromosome characterization are needed to provide information on formation and effects of an sSMCT.
In this paper, we propose a design of a narrow-band quasi-optical filter with a central frequency ν = 806 GHz (λ = 372 μm) suitable for the implementation of the undersampling technique in terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. The frequency was chosen to monitor the absorption line of the molecular gas CO in the local transparency window of the atmosphere. The filter is designed as the Fabry-Perot etalon based on a polypropylene film with frequencyselective surfaces (FFS) on both sides consisting of square slots in a sprayed aluminum layer. Through numerical simulation of the transmission of the proposed structure, we defined that the optimum ratio of the width of the metal bridge a to the pitch g of the FSS lies in the vicinity of a/g = 0.5. For g less than half of the operating wavelength λ, the FWHM of the filter is less than 4%, which is sufficient for the implementation of the undersampling method in terahertz time-domain spectroscopy.
This review is devoted to a brief discussion of the book ‘Rock Art in East Asia’, published in 2019. The general structure of the book is presented. The review reveals principles of preparing and summarizing data on the rock art of the regions comprising East and South-East Asia, set forth by the editors of the volume. The high quality of the work based on this approach concerning singular sites such as those in Korea, Japan and the Russian Far East is noted. At the same time, a critical analysis of the book’s shortcomings caused by the chosen scheme of description of the material when an attempt to describe a region rich in rock art sites inevitably leads to hasty tongue twisters, is given. For example, some chapters have minimum References or none at all. In summary, the reviewed book is a useful reference edition, though descriptions of certain sites or groups of sites from the regions of Mongolia and China adjacent to Central and South-East Asia, rich in rock art given in it should be treated with extreme caution.
The effective use of heat power in heat supply systems requires the development of new methods for central and local regulation of heat supply systems, the use of heat supply schemes with associated heat supply. The development of such technologies requires modeling and systematic calculations of variable modes of joint operation of local heat-consuming sys-tems. Currently used methods for calculating such operating modes of heat exchangers usually use constant parameters of heat exchangers. Such methods are not applicable in cases for large changes in temperatures and flow rates. Therefore, the calculation of variable modes of tied heat exchangers is usually performed by the method of successive approximations and is very time-consuming, which complicates the construction of a control system. In the present work, a fairly simple engineering technique is proposed for calculating the operating modes of heating stations of heat supply systems with associated heat supply. The basis of this technique is the use of previously derived analytical formulas that describe the change in the parameters of heat exchangers for various schemes of heating stations and temperature graphs of central regulation. The developed method allows the calculation of variable operating modes of the heat supply system without resorting to the method of successive approximations. The efficiency of the proposed methodology was tested on the operational data of the central heating station in the Kalinin district of Novosibirsk.
Properties of non-canonical GC Base Pairs and their relation with mechanochemical cleavage of DNA are analyzed.

A hypothesis of the involvement of the Transient GC Wobble Base Pairs in the mechanisms of the mechanochemical cleavage of DNA and epigenetic mechanisms with participation of 5-methylcytosine is proposed.

The hypothesis explains the increase in the frequency of the breaks of the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA after cytosines, asymmetric character of these breaks, and an increase in the frequency of breaks in CpG after cytosine methylation.
The work is devoted to the study of the features and parameters of the momentum distributions of atoms laser cooled on weak optical transitions. It was shown that atoms distributions are described by a bimodal momentum distribution whose characteristics depends on the parameters of the light field. In a strong field a velocity selective coherent population trapping effect is observed.
We discuss recent astronomical data showing that the role of massive primordial black holes in the Universe is much more significant than previously thought, both for the present Universe and for redshifts of the order of 10. We consider the model proposed in 1993 accounting for the primordial creation of heavy and superheavy black holes with a log-normal mass spectrum, which naturally explains some facts about the Universe that are unaccounted for in standard cosmology and astrophysics.
The Khatyspyt Lagerstätte (~544 Ma, Russia) provides a valuable window into late Ediacaran Avalon-type ecosystems with rangeomorphs, arboreomorphs, and mega-algae.

Here, we tackle the geobiology of this Lagerstätte by the combined analysis of paleontological features, sedimentary facies, and lipid biomarkers. The Khatyspyt Formation was deposited in carbonate ramp environments.

Thus, the distribution of macro-organisms and burrowers was controlled by various, dynamically changing environmental factors. It appears likely that dynamic settings like the Khatyspyt Lagerstätte provided metabolic challenges for sustenance and growth which primed eukaryotic organisms to cope with changing environmental habitats, allowing for a later diversification and expansion of complex macroscopic life in the marine realm.
The features of supersonic clustered flows measurements using molecular beam mass spectrometry are considered. The results of unusual density distributions on the molecular beam axis with varying nozzle – skimmer distances, as well as transverse density distributions in the beam at fixed distances from the nozzle are presented. It is shown that a sharp drop in the density of the monomeric component near the molecular beam axis, which was not previously detected by other experimenters, is due to a sharp separation of the clustered flow composition under molecular beam formation. The roles of the skimmer interaction and of heavy clusters mainly presens on the molecular beam axis was discussed.
Evaporating water drops on a horizontal heated substrate were investigated experimentally. The heater was made of a constantan foil with the thickness of 25 μ m and size of 42 × 35 mm 2 . The temperature of the bottom foil surface was measured by the infrared (IR) camera. To determine the heat flux density during evaporation of liquid near the contact line, the Cauchy problem for the heat equation was solved using the temperature data. The maximum heat flux density is obtained in the contact line region and exceeds the average heat flux density from the entire foil surface by the factor of 5–7. The average heat flux density in the region wetted by the drop exceeds the average heat flux density from the entire foil surface by the factor of 3–5. This fact is explained by the heat influx from the foil periphery to the drop due to the relatively high heat conductivity coefficient of the foil material and high evaporation rate in the contact line region. Heat flux density profiles for pairs of sessile droplets are also investigated.
Experimental studies of an axisymmetric hydrogen-fueled detonation ramjet model 1.05-meter long and 0.31 m in diameter with an expanding annular combustor were performed in a pulse wind tunnel under conditions of approaching air stream Mach number ranging from 4 to 8 with the stagnation temperature of 293 K.

In a supersonic air flow entering the combustor, continuous and longitudinally pulsating modes of hydrogen detonation with the corresponding characteristic frequencies of 1250 and 900 Hz were obtained.

The maximum measured values of the fuel-based specific impulse and total thrust were 3600 s and 2200 N.
A new synthetic pathway to diradical organic systems is proposed. The effectiveness of this approach was exemplified by the synthesis of a new nitroxide diradical.

An interaction of perfluorobiphenyl with lithium tert-butylamide, followed by oxidation of the thusly formed N4,N4′-di-tert-butyl-2,2′,3,3′,5,5′,6,6′-octafluorobiphenyl-4,4′-diamine with meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid, led to the polyfluorinated nitroxide diradical, N,N′-(perfluorobiphenyl-4,4′-diyl)bis(N-tert-butyl(oxyl)amine), with a good total yield. The structure of the nitroxide diradical was proved by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Quantum chemical calculations predict well-balanced size of both intramolecular and intermolecular exchange interactions with J from −2.65 to −1.14 cm−1.

The polyfluorinated diradical is stable and can be isolated in free form and completely characterized. According to the X-ray diffraction data, the diradical is considerably twisted: dihedral angles between the planes of the nitroxide groups and aromatic cycles are 65.1° and 69.5°, and between aromatic cycles 52.6°.
Short nuclear regulatory RNAs play a key role in the main stages of maturation of the precursors of the major RNA species. Small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) form the core of the spliceosome and are responsible for the splicing of pre-mRNA molecules. Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) direct post-transcriptional modification of pre-rRNAs. A promising strategy for the development of non-coding RNA (ncRNAs) mimicking molecules is the introduction of modified nucleotides, which are normally present in natural ncRNAs, into the structure of synthetic RNAs.

We have created a set of snoRNAs and snRNA analogs and studied the effect of base modifications, specifically, pseudouridine (Ψ) and 5-methylcytidine (m5C), on the immune-stimulating and cytotoxic properties of these RNAs. Here, we performed a whole-transcriptome study of the influence of synthetic snoRNA analogs with various modifications on gene expression in human cells. Moreover, we confirmed the role of PKR in the recognition of snoRNA and snRNA analogs using the short hairpin RNA (shRNA) technique.

We believe that the data obtained will contribute to the understanding of the role of nucleotide modification in ncRNA functions, and can be useful for creating the agents for gene regulation based on the structure of natural snoRNAs and snRNAs.
In recent years, significant success in a plasma stabilization, heating and confinement in Gas Dynamic Trap (GDT) has been acheived. However, transition processes such as fast ions buildup, ion and electron temperature growth, etc., are still underway until the end of plasma heating. Thus, heating sources worktime (around 5 ms) is too short for plasma parameters to become stationary.

In this work we propose a project of GDT-based stationary plasma experiment with pulse length long enough to finish all transition processes. Features of the project include a superconducting magnetic system with 15 T magnetic mirror field, 30 ms plasma pulse and mixed neutral particle and ECR heating. Results of numerical simulations of such experiment using DOL code are also presented.

The implemetation of the project will allow us to test GDT stabilization, heating and confinement methods to stationary conditions and to scale the methods to reactor-sized devices.
In conditions of monochromatic excitation (λexc=337.1), the spectral dependence of the efficiency of fluorescence quenching αλ of humic acids samples by Cd2+ and Cu2+ ions was studied. The difference of αλ dependencies for these ions was established. In the spectral range 350 - 650 nm, changes of the αλ for Cd2+ ion are markedly different from the magnitude for changes αλ, which occur for ion Cu2+. The interpretation of mismatch dependences obtained αλ ions Cd2+ and Cu2+ is carried out within the concept of the availability of different sites, due to the difference in ionic radii (0.108 nm and 0.08 nm for Cd2+ and Cu2+, respectively).