Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
The purpose of the article is to determine the origin of the color term kөk / kӧk in the Kazakh and Altaic languages, to trace the development of these tokens in Turkic languages and cultures, and to identify their specific usage. The research was conducted on the basis of the dictionaries of the Kazakh and Altaic languages as well as the samples from Kazakh and Altaic prose. A historical comparative and descriptive methods have been used. The study highlighted the main meanings of the color designations kөk ~ kök in the Kazakh and Altaic languages: blue, green and grey. They are equally common in the Kazakh and Altaic languages. Based on the meaning ‘green’ developed the meaning ‘unripe’. As for the meaning ‘gray-haired’, in the Altaic language it is used to indicate the color of the hair, while in the Kazakh language – only a beard and mustaches. In general, this meaning is manifested in contexts related to age: in the Altaic language it is old age, in Kazakh – mature age. Further the article describes synonyms of color designation kөk ~ kök. It has been shown that the color synonyms kөgіldіr, zеngіr (‘blue’) are used only in the Kazakh language, in Altaic kӧk means both blue colors. In the Kazakh language comparison of the color with such natural objects as the sky, ice, and salt was found to be more developed, for example: aspan (dai) kөk (lit.: like blue sky). The paper presents an interesting function of color designation kөk / kӧk which is intensification. It is observed in both languages; with the help of these tokens negative characteristics of the object are enhanced, for example: kaz. kөk zhalkau (lit.: blue lazy – bones), alt. kӧk tenek (lit.: complete fool). More significant differences are manifested in phraseological units, i. e. by further development of semantics in the languages. In the Kazakh language, the lexeme kөk functions as a component in phraseological units, denoting thinness and emaciation of a person, for example: kөk jambas (lit.: blue thigh) 1) very thin; 2) weak from old age, a feeble old man. In the Altaic language, such use of the lexeme kөk has not been noted. In general, we can speak of rich idiomaticity of the color scheme kөk in the Kazakh language in contrast to the Altaic language. There are also differences in the figurative use of these tokens in the structure of phraseological units: in Kazakh, these, as a rule, denote negative values, negative emotions, or associations with height, a cherished dream; in Altaic – they are used as the intensifiers ‘quite, completely”: kӧk ӱlӱsh (completely wet; lit.: blue wet). Comparing the two languages, we came to the conclusion that their greatest specificity is observed in phraseological units, which confirms the ability of phraseological units and fixed word combinations to reflect an ethnic world view and to be true keepers of the culture of the people.
The inverse dynamic problem of seismic consists in recovering the velocity model of elastic medium based on the observed seismic data. In this work it is proposed to use the Wasserstein metric since its use reduces the number of local extremes of the target functional in comparison with the L2-norm. This work also presents and discusses the results of numerical experiments including a comparative analysis of the velocity models recovered using the Wasserstein metric and L2-norm.
Studies of low‐frequency earthquakes (LFEs) have focused on detecting events within previously identified tectonic tremor. However, the principal LFE detection tools of matched‐filter searches are intrinsically incapable of detecting events that have not already been characterized previously as a template event.

In this study, we therefore focus on generating the largest number possible of LFE templates by uniformly applying a recently developed LFE template detection method to a 2.5 yearlong data set in Guerrero, Mexico. Using each of the detected templates in a matched‐filter search, we then form event families that each represents a single source. We finally develop simple, empirical statistics to select the event families that represent LFEs.

Our resulting catalog contains 1120 unique LFE sources and a total of 1,849,486 detected LFEs over the 2.5 yearlong data set. The locations of the LFE sources are then divided into subcatalogs based on their distance from the subduction trench. Considering each LFE as a small unit of slip along the subduction interface, we observe discrete episodes of LFE activity in the region associated with large slow‐slip events; this is in direct contrast to the near‐continuous activity observed 35 km farther downdip within the previously identified LFE/tremor sweet spot.
In many tasks related to reasoning about consequences of a logical theory, it is desirable to decompose the theory into a number of weakly related or independent components. However, a theory may represent knowledge that is subject to change, as a result of executing actions that have effects on some of the initial properties mentioned in the theory. Having once computed a decomposition of a theory, it is advantageous to know whether a decomposition has to be computed again in the newly changed theory (obtained from taking into account changes resulting from execution of an action). In this article, we address this problem in the scope of the situation calculus, where a change of an initial theory is related to the notion of progression. Progression provides a form of forward reasoning; it relies on forgetting values of those properties, which are subject to change, and computing new values for them. We consider decomposability and inseparability, two component properties known from the literature, and contribute by studying the conditions (1) when these properties are preserved and (2) when they are lost wrt progression and the related operation of forgetting. To show the latter, we demonstrate the boundaries using a number of negative examples. To show the former, we identify cases when these properties are preserved under forgetting and progression of initial theories in local-effect basic action theories of the situation calculus. Our article contributes to bridging two different communities in knowledge representation, namely, research on modularity and research on reasoning about actions.
In this paper, we study the effect of electroweak sphaleron transition and electroweak phase transition (EWPT) in balancing the baryon excess and the excess stable quarks of the 4th generation. Sphaleron transitions between baryons, leptons and the 4th family of leptons and quarks establish a definite relationship between the value and sign of the 4th family excess and baryon asymmetry. This relationship provides an excess of stable U¯ antiquarks, forming dark atoms—the bound state of (U¯U¯U¯) the anti-quark cluster and primordial helium nucleus. If EWPT is of the second order and the mass of U quark is about 3.5 TeV, then dark atoms can explain the observed dark matter density. In passing by, we show the small, yet negligible dilution in the pre-existing dark matter density, due to the sphaleron transition.
A finitely generated group G acting on a tree so that all vertex and edge stabilizers are infinite cyclic groups is called a generalized Baumslag–Solitar group (GBS group). Such an action is described by a labeled graph. One GBS group can be presented by many labeled graphs. We study the embedding problem for GBS groups: to determine algorithmically when two given labeled graphs 𝔸 1 and 𝔸 2 define GBS groups G 1 and G 2 such that G 1 is embeddable into G 2 . We prove that if G 1 can be presented by only a finite number of reduced labeled graphs, then the embedding problem is solvable. Moreover, we describe the algorithm in this situation.
The cross sections of the processes e+e−→K+K−, e+e−→KSKL, and e+e−→π+π−π0 were measured in the SND experiment at the VEPP-2M collider in the energy region near the φ(1020) meson. These measurements were based on about 106 K+K−, 0.5×106 KSKL, and 0.4×106 π+π−π0 selected events.

The measured cross sections have been analyzed in the framework of the vector meson dominance model

the main parameters of the φ resonance were obtained, such as its mass, width, the production cross section, and branching ratios of the main decay modes. The measured value of the φ meson total width, Γφ=4.21±0.04, is lower than the present world average of 4.458±0.032 MeV. Contributions in addition to the conventional vector meson dominance model were found in the e+e−→π+π−π0 reaction cross section.
The intensity of NMR signals can be enhanced by several orders of magnitude by using various techniques for the hyperpolarization of different molecules. Such approaches can overcome the main sensitivity challenges facing modern NMR/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, whilst hyperpolarized fluids can also be used in a variety of applications in material science and biomedicine.

This Focus Review considers the fundamentals of the preparation of hyperpolarized liquids and gases by using dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization ( d ‐DNP) and parahydrogen‐based techniques, such as signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) and parahydrogen‐induced polarization (PHIP), in both heterogeneous and homogeneous processes.

The various new aspects in the formation and utilization of hyperpolarized fluids, along with the possibility of observing NMR signal enhancement, are described.
The paper presents the results of an analytical review of the study properties rocks and their saturating fluids by dielectric spectroscopy, as well as experimental studies of their complex dielectric constant and NMR characteristics. The connection of the complex dielectric constant of oil with its geochemical properties and NMR characteristics is established.
The effect of the ratio of inlet flow rates on the flow structure and efficiency of liquid mixing in a T-shaped micromixer was studied at low Reynolds numbers using the method of particle image velocimetry and laser-induced fluorescence techniques. It was found that under the stationary flow regimes, the maximum efficiency of liquid mixing is 0.86 at Re = 186 and inlet flow ratio ( R ) of 1. The maximum dimensionless value of the longitudinal component of the mean flow velocity (up to 2.0) is achieved for the cases with the smallest and largest inlet flow ratio, that is, at R = 0.03 and R = 1.
Величина среднедушевых доходов является одним из основных показателей уровня жизни населения.Данный показатель широко используются в исследованиях, посвященных бедности, межрегиональному неравенству по доходам, а также является основным ориентиром успешности проводимой региональной политики.Ряд исследователей отмечают низкое качество официальных данных по доходам населения и ставят под сомнение их достоверность в некоторых регионах России.К основным причинам этого относят значительные масштабы теневой экономики, особенно на уровне некоторых регионов, недостаточное финансирование исследований со стороны государства, а также устаревшие статистические методы обработки данных.

В работе предлагается метод проверки качества официальных статистических данных по душевым доходам при помощи ряда косвенных показателей.Применение данного метода также позволяет получить альтернативные оценки среднедушевых доходов населения в регионах страны.

На основе данных
Diseases of cereals caused by pathogenic fungi can significantly reduce crop yields. Many cultures are exposed to them. The disease is difficult to control on a large scale, thus one of the relevant approaches is the crop field monitoring, which helps to identify the disease at an early stage and take measures to prevent its spread. One of the effective control methods is disease identification based on the analysis of digital images with the possibility of obtaining them in field conditions using mobile devices.

In this work, we propose a method for the recognition of five fungal diseases of wheat shoots (leaf rust, stem rust, yellow rust, powdery mildew, and septoria), both separately and in combination, with the possibility of identifying the stage of plant development. A set of 2414 images of wheat fungi diseases (WFD2020) was generated, for which expert labeling was performed by the type of disease. WFD2020 data are available freely at http://wfd.sysbio.ru/. In the process of creating this set, a method was applied to reduce the degeneracy of the training data based on the image hashing algorithm. The disease recognition algorithm is based on the convolutional neural network with the EfficientNet architecture.

The best accuracy (0.942) was shown by a network with a training strategy based on augmentation and transfer of image styles. The recognition method was implemented by the authors as a bot on the Telegram platform, which allows assessing plants by lesions in the field conditions.
Using digital processing of high-speed visualization data on a cavitation flow near NACA hydrofoil with critically low aspect ratio, the frequencies of the formation and separation of cavities in the flow are identified. It is shown that in the case of development of cloud cavitation the main dimensionless frequency varies within 0.4, which corresponds to the type of internal instability. The Strouhal number corresponds to the frequency of attached cavity occurrence and varies in range from 0.6 to 0.8. The Strouhal numbers calculated in third mode exceed 1. This mode corresponds to the forming of very small cavities near the leading edge of hydrofoil.
The influenza epidemic in 2015-2016 in Russia is characterized by a sharp increase of influenza cases (beginning from the second week of 2016) with increased fatalities. Influenza was confirmed in 20 fatal cases registered among children (0-10 years), in 5 cases among pregnant women, and in 173 cases among elderly people (60 years and older). Two hundred and ninety nine people died from influenza were patients with some chronic problems. The overwhelming majority among the deceased (more than 98%) were not vaccinated against influenza.

We isolated 109 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and one A(H3N2) virus strains from 501 autopsy material samples. The antigenic features of the strains were similar to the vaccine strains. A phylogenic analysis of hemagglutinin revealed that influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus strains belonged to 6B genetic group that had two main dominant subgroups during the 2015-2016 season. In Russia strains of the first group predominated. We registered an increased proportion of strains with D222G mutation in receptor-binding site. A herd immunity analysis carried out immediately prior to the epidemic showed that 34.4% blood sera samples collected in different regions of Russia were positive to A/California/07/09(H1N1)pdm09.

We came to a conclusion that public awareness enhancement is necessary to reduce unreasonable refusals of vaccination.
Consensus recommendations regarding the threshold levels of cardiac troponin elevations for the definition of perioperative myocardial infarction and clinically important periprocedural myocardial injury in patients undergoing cardiac surgery range widely (from >10 times to ≥70 times the upper reference limit for the assay).

Limited evidence is available to support these recommendations.
The results of large eddy simulation of flow dynamics in a system of two parallel round turbulent jets are presented. Twin jets are investigated at Reynolds numbers Re = 5500 and 11000; the cases with different distances between the jet axes s/d = 1.8 and 2.4 are examined. The data are compared with the classical case of a single round submerged jet.
The publication presents materials from the excavations of 6 burial mounds belonging to four separate Early Iron Age burial grounds. The investigations were carried out in the Askizsky District of the Republic of Khakassia as part of rescue works in the construction site of the second railway track at the 'Chartykovsky - Kamyshta' section. Most of the burials were looted in antiquity. Inlet burials related to Tesinskaya archaeological culture were made in the barrow of an isolated mound of Sagayskaya protoka 5. In the course of the railway construction in the mid-20th century, the earthen barrows and underground stone structures were destroyed (burial site Sagayskaya protoka 1).

Nevertheless, some burials have survived intact. This made it possible to establish the details of the funeral rituals and to correlate the archaeological sites with the Podgorny and Saragash stages of the Tagar culture.

The Podgorny burials (VII-VI centuries BC) are characterized by arrangement of individual graves. The dead people were placed in stone boxes set in ground pits, accompanied by meat food and grave goods. In the surviving graves, bronze knives, a handle metal stap, mirrors, awls, beads, pendants made of animal teeth and the claw of a bird of prey were found. The vessels are standard in shape and ornament. Rare finds include miniature combs (less than 2 cm long) decorated with solar symbols. The Saragash stage is represented by grave 4 in the Sagayskaya protoka 5 barrow containing the burials of 9 adults. The burial is tentatively dated to the V-IV centuries BC.
Aim of work is to study the features of the fatty acid (FA) composition of the membranes of erythrocytes (Er) and blood serum (BS) in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) for possible use for diff erential diagnosis. Materials and methods . Using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometric system (GC/MS) based on three Agilent 7000B quadrupoles (USA), the composition of erythrocytes (Er) and blood serum (SC) of 60 people was studied: 19 — with Crohn’s disease (CD, 34±6,2 years), 21 — with unclassifi ed colitis (UCC, 35,2±4,7 years) and 20 healthy individuals (32,9±5,7 years). Results . It was found that the levels of most saturated, monounsaturated omega-9, omega-6 PUFAs were signifi cantly higher, and the content of the predominant part of omega-3, a number of omega-6 (linoleic, eicosadienoic, arachidonic) was lower than in healthy individuals. The relative content of FA in patients with unclassifi ed colitis turned out to be intermediate between those in patients with CD and healthy (p <0,0001–0,02). The obtained diff erentiating values of FA levels and their indices in the erythrocyte membranes made it possible to identify patients with suspected Crohn’s disease from those who were diagnosed with unclassifi ed colitis, which indicates the high potential of this approach for diff erential diagnosis. Conclusion . The created diagnostic panels (FA of blood serum and erythrocyte membranes) made it possible to diff erentiate patients with CD from healthy individuals with fairly high levels of sensitivity and specifi city. The revealed features of the levels of FA membranes of Er and BS, as well as their ratio in patients with CD, are promising for the purposes of diff erential diagnosis, including in cases of unclassifi ed colitis.
The cross section of the process e+ e– → π+ π– π0 was measured with the CMD-3 detector at the electron-positron collider VEPP-2000 in the energy region from 750 MeV to 800 MeV in c.m.s. This measurement was based on the data collected in 2013 and related to an integrated luminosity of about 7.8 pb–1.

The procedure for obtaining the Born cross section and determining the parameters of the ω-meson was worked out.

The preliminary ω-meson parameters mω = 782.70 ± 0.02 ± ± 0.11 MeV, Гω = 8.74 ± 0.05 ± 0.22 MeV, σ0(ω → π+ π– π) = 1545 ± 4 ± 39 nb were obtained. The results were compared with previous data and proven to demonstrate a good agreement with them.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ТЕЧЕНИЯ ВОЗДУХА В ВЫСОКОПОРИСТЫХ ЯЧЕИСТЫХ МАТЕРИАЛАХ ПРИ НАЛИЧИИ НАГРЕВА
Aim. To study the dependence of the effectiveness of antihypertensive therapy on the polymorphic variants of candidate genes of the RAAS (ACE, AGT, AGTR1) in patients with hypertension (АH) of the population of Mountain Shoria. Materials and methods. In the conditions of the expeditions from 2013 to 2017, the population of Mountain Shoria was surveyed. Included 1409 people 18 years and older. Blood pressure monitoring was carried out as a result of office measurement, according to the standard recommendations of National Guidelines of the Russian Society of Cardiology/the Russian Medical Society on Arterial Hypertension (2010). As a result of the survey, patients with AH were identified for further observation (597 people) who need medical antihypertensive treatment. Repeat screening was conducted in a year. The criterion for inclusion in prospective observation of patients with hypertension was: regular intake of prescribed medication. 253 respondents were surveyed: indigenous (156 people) and non-indigenous (97 people) nationality. All patients underwent a standard examination, including the collection of complaints and anamnesis, an assessment of objective status, laboratory and instrumental studies. Polymorphisms of genes ACE (I/D, rs 4340), AGT (c.803T C, rs699), AGTR1 (A1166C, rs5186) were tested using polymerase chain reaction. Results. Dynamic observation of patients with hypertension found that in the cohort of Shors the target level of blood pressure reached the owners of heterozygous I/D and minor D/D genotypes of the ACE gene, carriers of T/C and C/C genotypes of the AGT gene and the homozygous genotype A/A of the AGTR1 gene. In the non-indigenous nationality cohort, only carriers of the D/D genotype of the ACE gene. Conclusion. National differences were identified with respect to the sensitivity of the pharmacological response to treatment, which once again proves the important role of taking into account the ethnic factor in the choice of drug.
The black kite Milvus migrans is a common bird of prey demonstrating remarkable ecological plasticity. It inhabits a variety of habitats and is an increasingly synanthropic species. The black kite is widespread in Eurasia, Africa, Australia and adjacent islands. Palearctic kites migrate to Africa, India and China in winter, but kites of Africa and Australia are partly sedentary and partly seasonal migrants. The wide range and high mobility are the reasons of a complex population structure of the black kite. Commonly five to seven M. migrans subspecies are distinguished, each of which is widespread over extensive areas and has more or less an apparent phenotype.

Recently, studies of genetic differences between black kite populations started to emerge. On the grounds of earlier studies of mitochondrial and nuclear genes of this species, we check whether there is a genetic support for separation of the black kite subspecies.

Recent studies of some mitochondrial loci substantiate the recognition of at least the European (M. m. migrans), Asian (M. m. lineatus and M. m. govinda), African (M. m. aegyptius and M. m. parasitus), and Australian (M. m. affinis) black kite subspecies. Furthermore, the mitochondrial haplotype difference suggests that the African yellow-billed kite, including M. m. aegyptius and M. m. parasitus, should be a separate species as already proposed, or even two separate species.
Maintenance of genome stability suppresses cancer and other human diseases and is critical for organism survival. Inevitably, during a life span, multiple DNA lesions can arise due to the inherent instability of DNA molecules or due to endogenous or exogenous DNA damaging factors. To avoid malignant transformation of cells with damaged DNA, multiple mechanisms have evolved to repair DNA or to detect and eradicate cells accumulating unrepaired DNA damage. In this review, we discuss recent findings on the role of Sp1 (specificity factor 1) in the detection and elimination of cells accumulating persistent DNA strand breaks. We also discuss how this mechanism may contribute to the maintenance of physiological populations of healthy cells in an organism, thus preventing cancer formation, and the possible application of these findings in cancer therapy.