Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Residents of monotowns face a specific range of problems affecting their social well-being.

The study employed a case-study strategy of an in-depth interview with residents of Sayansk, a monotown that displays risks of socio-economic deterioration. To describe the context, the authors used statistical data on the population and migration of the Sayansk population, as well as historical chronicle of the town. Based on two indications (perception of the quality of the urban environment and the migration attitudes), the authors have constructed a typology of life strategies and described the related characteristics of inhabitants.

The study shows that the life strategies of the inhabitants reveal, on the one hand, a spectrum of migration patterns (depending on the characteristics of the inhabitants), and, on the other hand, various degrees of satisfaction with the quality of the urban environment, which makes the city attractive or unattractive in the eyes of the population.
C- and N-bearing species in reduced fluids were studied experimentally in C–O–H–N and muscovite–C–O–H–N systems and in natural carbonate-bearing samples at mantle P–T parameters.

The experiments reproduced three types of reactions leading to formation of hydrocarbons (HCs) at 3.8–7.8 GPa and 800–1400 °C and at hydrogen fugacity (fH2) buffered by the Fe–FeO (IW) + H2O or Mo–MoO2 (MMO) + H2O equilibria: (i) Thermal destruction of organic matter during its subduction into the mantle (with an example of docosane), (ii) hydrogenation of graphite upon interaction with H2-enriched fluids, and (iii) hydrogenation of carbonates and products of their reduction in metamorphic clayey rocks. The obtained quenched fluids analyzed after the runs by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and electronic ionization mass-spectrometry (HR–MS) contain CH4 and C2H6 as main carbon species. The concentrations of C2-C4 alkanes in the fluids increase as the pressure and temperature increase from 3.8 to 7.8 GPa and from 800 to 1400 °C, respectively. The fluid equilibrated with the muscovite–garnet–omphacite–kyanite–rutile ± coesite assemblage consists of 50–80 rel.% H2O and 15–40 rel.% alkanes (C1 > C2 > C3 > C4). Main N-bearing species are ammonia (NH3) in the C–O–H–N and muscovite–C–O–H–N systems or methanimine (CH3N) in the fluid derived from the samples of natural pelitic rocks. Nitrogen comes either from air or melamine (C3H6N6) in model systems or from NH4+ in the runs with natural samples. The formula CH3N in the quenched fluid of the C–O–H–N system is confirmed by HR–MS.

The impossibility of CH3N incorporation into K-bearing silicates because of a big CH3NH+ cation may limit the solubility of N in silicates at low fO2 and hence may substantially influence the mantle cycle of nitrogen. Thus, subduction of slabs containing carbonates, organic matter, and N-bearing minerals into strongly reduced mantle may induce the formation of fluids enriched in H2O, light alkanes, NH3, and CH3N. The presence of these species must be critical for the deep cycles of carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen.
In the context of economic, political and cultural integration and globalization, languages tend to succumb to this process too, which can be proven by a constant flow of English borrowings. This is usually explained by the leading role of the USA and Britain in the economic and political fields and the cultural legacy of the Englishspeaking countries.

The issue of an extensive use of the English borrowings in many different languages spurs a lot of debate in the society. Is it a fulfillment of the dream about one language that will unite us all or a threat for different national languages and cultures?
Results of the study of the structure of hydrodynamic fields in Arctic part of the West Siberian sedimentary basin have designated the main region-specific hydrodynamic feature consisting in the phenomenon of abnormally high formation pressures widely spread at depths of 2.8-6.0 km within Jurassic-Cretaceous reservoirs. The two types of natural pressurized water systems which have developed in the region are: 1) elision (geostatic and geodynamic) system most common in the interior regions, and 2) infiltration aquifer system inherent in the external, near edge zones.

As the depth increases, two hydrodynamic zones are distinctly distinguished (from top downwards): hydrostatic and enhanced evolving into AHFD (abnormally high formation pressure). Most of the Aptian-Albian-Cenomanian aquifers belong to the first type. Hydrodynamic field stresses tend to increase in the lower lying Neocomian complex where the already elevated formation pressures gradually build up, to the extent of AHFP in the lower horizons.

The Jurassic aquifer complexes in the central parts of the Yamal-Kara depression exhibit either enhanced or abnormally high formation pressures, which decline to hydrostatic levels towards the basin periphery. The anomaly coefficients of formation pressure reach the value of 2.2. The established piezo-minima zones extending along major petroleum charge zones, extending along the major hydrocarbon generation zones (Bolshaya Kheta and Kara megasyneclises) associated with the largest areas of petroleum accumulation (Vankor-Suzun, Bovanenkovo, Urengoy, etc.).
The device performance of organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) employing the solution processed films of room temperature liquid-crystalline tetrasubstituted zinc phthalocyanine derivative was found to depend upon the film morphology.

Atomic force microscopic and X-Ray diffraction studies show that the annealing at produced a preferentially unidirectional void-free film with improved surface smoothness.

The OTFTs with the annealed films exhibited enhanced conductivity, threefold reduction in threshold voltage, a nearly one order of magnitude increase in the on/off ratio and more than one-third reduction of hysteresis in the transfer characteristics.
Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells have been produced just for a few species among order Carnivora: snow leopard, Bengal tiger, serval, jaguar, cat, dog, ferret, and American mink. We applied the iPS cell derivation protocol to the ringed seal ( Phoca hispida ) fibroblasts. The resulting cell line had the expression of pluripotency marker gene Rex1 . Differentiation in embryoid body-like structures allowed us to register expression of AFP , endoderm marker, and Cdx2 , trophectoderm marker, but not neuronal (ectoderm) markers. The cells readily differentiated into adipocytes and osteocytes, mesoderm cell types of origin. Transcriptome analysis allowed us to conclude that the cell line does not resemble human pluripotent cells, and, therefore, most probably are not pluripotent. Thus, we produced ringed seal multipotent stem cell line capable of differentiation into adipo- and osteocytes.
Aim. In the present work we investigated the circulation of AIV in wild bird populations and studied the sorption of the influenza virus in the feathers of wild waterfowl nesting on reservoirs during the autumn mass migration. Material and methods. Sampling was carried out on the territory of the Novosibirsk region on Lake Chany during the period from August to September 2014-2016. Biological samples were collected from 188 wild waterfowl of various species. AIV isolation from cloacal swabs and swabs collected from feathers was carried out in the developing chick embryo system (RCC) as previously recommended. The isolated viruses were tested by HA/HI with specific sera, PCR analysis was carried out with subtyping primers. The genomes of the isolated viruses were sequenced for phylogenetic analysis. Results and discussion. As a result of monitoring, cloacal and feather swabs were collected from 188 individuals belonging to 13 species of the Anseriformes and Charadriiformes , whose representatives are the main natural reservoir of AIV. Fifteen new AI viruses were isolated from the collected samples. Four of them were isolated from plumage samples and the rate was more than 2 times lower, compared with virus isolation from cloacal swabs. Main conclusions. Thus, it can be assumed that avian influenza virus transmission by plumage during migration is not sufficiently taken into account. The key role in AIV ecology may play the virus spreading by its adsorption on bird feathers.
S2 cells are one of the most widely used Drosophila melanogaster cell lines. A series of studies has shown that they are particularly suitable for RNAi-based screens aimed at the dissection of cellular pathways, including those controlling cell shape and motility, cell metabolism, and host-pathogen interactions. In addition, RNAi in S2 cells has been successfully used to identify many new mitotic genes that are conserved in the higher eukaryotes, and for the analysis of several aspects of the mitotic process. However, no detailed and complete description of S2 cell mitosis at the ultrastructural level has been done.

Here, we provide a detailed characterization of all phases of S2 cell mitosis visualized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).We analyzed by TEM a random sample of 144 cells undergoing mitosis, focusing on intracellular membrane and microtubule (MT) behaviors.

This unbiased approach provided a comprehensive ultrastructural view of the dividing cells, and allowed us to discover that S2 cells exhibit a previously uncharacterized behavior of intracellular membranes, involving the formation of a quadruple nuclear membrane in early prometaphase and its disassembly during late prometaphase. After nuclear envelope disassembly, the mitotic apparatus becomes encased by a discontinuous network of endoplasmic reticulum membranes, which associate with mitochondria, presumably to prevent their diffusion into the spindle area. We also observed a peculiar metaphase spindle organization. We found that kinetochores with attached k-fibers are almost invariably associated with lateral MT bundles that can be either interpolar bundles or k-fibers connected to a different kinetochore. This spindle organization is likely to favor chromosome alignment at metaphase and subsequent segregation during anaphase.We discovered several previously unknown features of membrane and MT organization during S2 cell mitosis. The genetic determinants of these mitotic features can now be investigated, for instance by using an RNAi-based approach, which is particularly easy and efficient in S2 cells.
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is the central regulator of cap-dependent translation at the synapse. Disturbances in mTOR pathway have been associated with several neurological diseases, such as autism and epilepsy. RNA-binding protein FMRP, a negative regulator of translation initiation, is one of the key components of the local translation system. Activation and inactivation of FMRP occurs via phosphorylation by S6 kinase and dephosphorylation by PP2A phosphatase, respectively. S6 kinase and PP2A phosphatase are activated in response to mGluR receptor stimulation through different signaling pathways and at different rates. The dynamic aspects of this system are poorly understood.

We developed a mathematical model of FMRP-dependent regulation of postsynaptic density (PSD) protein synthesis in response to mGluR receptor stimulation and conducted in silico experiments to study the regulatory circuit functioning.

The modeling results revealed the possibility of generating oscillatory (cyclic and quasi-cyclic), chaotic and even hyperchaotic dynamics of postsynaptic protein synthesis as well as the presence of multiple attractors in a wide range of parameters of the local translation system. The results suggest that autistic disorders associated with mTOR pathway hyperactivation may be due to impaired proteome stability associated with the formation of complex dynamic regimes of PSD protein synthesis in response to stimulation of mGluR receptors on the postsynaptic membrane of excitatory synapses on pyramidal hippocampal cells.
In this article, we report the influence of oxygen concentration in the transition-metal solvent-catalyst on the crystallization processes, morphology, and defect-and-impurity content of diamond crystals.

In a series of experiments, the concentration of oxygen (CO) in the growth system was varied by adding Fe2O3 to the charge, and the other parameters and conditions of the growth were constant: Ni7Fe3 solvent-catalyst, P = 6.0 GPa, T = 1400 °C, and duration of 40 h.

It is found that on increasing CO in the growth system from 0 to 10 wt %, the crystallization of diamond proceeds through the following stages: single crystal → block crystal → spontaneous crystals → aggregate of block crystals and twin crystals. At CO ≥ 5 wt %, diamond crystallizes jointly with wustite (FeO) and metastable graphite. The oxygen solubility in the iron–nickel melt is estimated at about 2 wt %. With increasing oxygen content in the system, the range of nitrogen concentrations in diamonds crystallized in one experiment significantly broadens with the maximum nitrogen concentrations being increased from 200−250 ppm in the experiment without O additives to 1100–1200 ppm in the experiment with 10 wt % O added. The established joint growth of diamond and wustite suggests possible crystallization of natural diamonds in the Fe–Ni–O–C system over a wide range of oxygen concentrations up to 10 wt %.
Domain of Unknown Function (DUF) genes are broadly conserved in metazoa but have an unknown biological function. Previously, we established transcriptional profiles of the germline and stem cells of the flatworm Macrostomum lignano (Grudniewska et al., 2016). Recently, Kang et al. (2016) found that DUF2366 is a mitochondrial inner membrane protein that interacts with the protein import complex TIM22. DUF2366 was renamed TIM29, and shown to stabilize the TIM22 complex, but its biological role remained largely unknown.

Here, we used this information to probe the function of DUF genes in M. lignano.

We now demonstrate that DUF2366/TIM29 is dispensable in the homeostatic condition in M. lignano, but is essential to adapt to a highly proliferative state required for regeneration. Our results show that 'de-DUFing' the function of DUF genes might require special biological conditions, such as regeneration, and establishes M. lignano as an informative platform to study DUF genes.
Significance Plants show remarkable regenerative abilities, allowing them to recover from wounds and organ loss. This regenerative capacity is controlled in part by auxin, the most promiscuous plant hormone controlling organogenesis and tissue patterning. We show that stem cell death diverges the auxin flow, much like rocks in a stream, resulting in an auxin accumulation in the tissues surrounding the wound. We demonstrate that within these tissues, wound-induced expression of the plant-specific transcription factor ERF115 works synergistically with the change in auxin accumulation, thereby specifying stem cell identity in the cells surrounding the damaged stem cells. This gain of stem cell identity drives formative divisions, allowing replacement of the lost stem cells and thus successful regeneration.
The method of producing nanopowders of Si and SiC by pyrolysis of a silicon-hydrocarbon mixture by compression in a cyclic process in a flow reactor is proposed and implemented.

The obtained powders are characterized by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The new design solutions and use of ceramic coatings obtained by applying microarc oxidation for the piston-cylinder assembly – a compression unit of the reactor - allowed avoiding the use of compression rings and lubricants, achieving a high compression ratio and pressure and temperature in the reactor needed for monosilane pyrolysis.

Pyrolysis in the flow reactor is convenient, technological and efficient in terms of its use in the production of high purity nanopowders.
The initiation of detonation in a reactive mixture by a small-diameter spherical projectile launched at supersonic velocity was studied for a reduced kinetic scheme of chemical reactions. A mathematical technique based on the ANSYS Fluent package was developed for this purpose. Numerical and experimental data on the flow regimes and detonation cell sizes are compared. There is agreement between the calculated and experimental flow patterns and detonation cell sizes for each regime.
Coherent preparation of quantum states of atoms and ions by laser light can lead to electromagnetically induced transparency and related effects. In particular, the standing wave at the adjacent transition induces a new type of nonlinear resonance in the probe-field spectrum of a three-level system. The resonance is due to the effect of high-order harmonics of atomic coherence. However, the resonance is broadened and the reason of the broadening was unclear.

The analytic theory taking into account up to 4-th order of the perturbation theory is presented. The numerical calculations are described.

The analytical formulas are shown to describe the experiment qualitatively while the numerical computation demonstrates quantitative agreement. The Coulomb dephasing is discussed as the physical mechanism of the broadening.
We report how only one electron transfer from the hydrophilic reduced cluster [{Re6Se8}(CN)6]4- induces both a dramatic increase of the host-guest affinity with γ-cyclodextrin and a drastic alteration of the supramolecular dynamics. This striking behaviour, underlined by its thermochemical fingerprint, indicates that the self-assembly process is driven by a chaotropic effect.
Chemical reactions products structural investigations during thermal and radiation- thermal processes are presented.

The reaction mixtures were prepared by mechanical activation of stoichiometric compounds corresponding to synthesis reaction of strontium ferrite with perovskite structure (SrFeO3-s) or ferro-garnet (Y3Fe5O12).

The phase formation staging changes dramatically depending on the temperature and the way of the high-temperature treatment.
We present a new experiment management system for the SND detector at the VEPP-2000 collider (Novosibirsk). An important part to report about is access to experimental databases (configuration, conditions and metadata). The system is designed in client-server architecture. User interaction comes true using web-interface. The server side includes several logical layers: user interface templates; template variables description and initialization; implementation details. The templates are meant to involve as less IT knowledge as possible. Experiment configuration, conditions and metadata are stored in a database. To implement the server side Node.js, a modern JavaScript framework, has been chosen. A new template engine having an interesting feature is designed. A part of the system is put into production. It includes templates dealing with showing and editing first level trigger configuration and equipment configuration and also showing experiment metadata and experiment conditions data index.
ABSTRACT The rarely identified influenza A viruses of the H15 hemagglutinin subtype have been isolated exclusively in Australia. Here we report the isolation of an H15N4 influenza A virus (A/teal/Chany/7119/2008) in Western Siberia, Russia. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the internal genes of the A/teal/Chany/7119/2008 strain belong to the Eurasian clade and that the H15 and N4 genes were introduced into the gene pool of circulating endemic avian influenza viruses through reassortment events.
Vanadium‐doped Bi 2– x Te 2.4 Se 0.6 single crystals, with x = 0.015 and 0.03, are grown by the Bridgman method. Bandstructure characterization by angle‐resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) measurements shows gapless topological surface states for both vanadium concentrations.

The Van‐der‐Pauw resistivity, the Hall charge carrier density, and the mobility in the temperature range from 0.3 to 300 K are strongly dependent on vanadium concentration, with carrier densities as low as 1.5 × 10 16 cm −3 and mobilities as high as 570 cm 2 V −1 s −1 . As expected for transport in gapless topological surface states, the resistivity, carrier density, and mobility are constant below 10 K. The magnetoresistance shows weak antilocalization for both vanadium concentrations in the same temperature range. The weak antilocalization is analyzed with the Hikami–Larkin–Nagaoka model, which yields phase‐coherence lengths of up to 250 nm for x = 0.015.
Using data recorded with the Belle detector, we observe a new excited hyperon, an Ω^{*-} candidate decaying into Ξ^{0}K^{-} and Ξ^{-}K_{S}^{0} with a mass of 2012.4±0.7(stat)±0.6(syst) MeV/c^{2} and a width of Γ=6.4_{-2.0}^{+2.5}(stat)±1.6(syst) MeV. The Ω^{*-} is seen primarily in ϒ(1S),ϒ(2S), and ϒ(3S) decays.
Aim: We aimed to test the hypothesis that loading of dendritic cells (DCs) with both viral and tumor-specific antigens would enhance the efficacy antitumor DC-based therapy applied simultaneously with oncolytic virus.

Methods: Vaccinia virus LIVP/GFP and melanoma B16-F10 were used in this study. DCs were pulsed with various combinations of viral and tumor-associated antigens. The maturation status of DCs was verified by expression of the markers CD80, CD86, and CCR7 and assessment of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-12 secretion. The most efficient combination of antigens for DC loading was selected based on the analysis of the cytotoxic activity of T lymphocytes. Combination therapy using vaccinia virus LIVP/GFP and DCs pulsed with viral and tumor-specific antigens was administered to the B16-F10 melanoma/mouse C57Bl tumor model.

Results: We found that loading of DCs with viral antigens, or with a combination of viral and tumor antigens, resulted in similar levels of expression of DC maturation markers. The maximal in vitro cytotoxicity against virus-infected and non-infected B16 melanoma cells exhibited T lymphocytes activated by DCs loaded with the heat inactivated lysate of vaccinia virus LIVP/GFP infected tumor cell. The results show that the combination of vaccinia virus LIVP/GFP and DCs loaded with both tumor and viral antigens inhibit tumor growth of B16-F10 murine melanoma by more than two-fold. Conclusions: Combination therapy with oncolytic vaccinia virus LIVP/GFP and tumor/virus antigen-loaded DCs limited the growth of established melanoma B16-F10, but no synergistic antitumor effects were observed. We propose that optimization of the therapy regimen could enhance the efficiency of combination therapy.
Apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP)-endonucleases are multifunctional enzymes that are required for cell viability. AP-endonucleases incise DNA 5′ to an AP-site; can recognize and process some damaged nucleosides; and possess 3′-phosphodiesterase, 3′-phosphatase, and endoribonuclease activities. To elucidate the mechanism of substrate cleavage in detail, we analyzed the effect of mono- and divalent metal ions on the exo- and endonuclease activities of four homologous APE1-like endonucleases (from an insect (Rrp1), amphibian (xAPE1), fish (zAPE1), and from humans (hAPE1)). It was found that the enzymes had similar patterns of dependence on metal ions’ concentrations in terms of AP-endonuclease activity, suggesting that the main biological function (AP-site cleavage) was highly conserved among evolutionarily distant species. The efficiency of the 3′-5′ exonuclease activity was the highest in hAPE1 among these enzymes. In contrast, the endoribonuclease activity of the enzymes could be ranked as hAPE1 ≈ zAPE1 ≤ xAPE1 ≤ Rrp1. Taken together, the results revealed that the tested enzymes differed significantly in their capacity for substrate cleavage, even though the most important catalytic and substrate-binding amino acid residues were conserved. It can be concluded that substrate specificity and cleavage efficiency were controlled by factors external to the catalytic site, e.g., the N-terminal domain of these enzymes.