Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
We perform a rigorous theoretical convergence analysis of the discrete dipole approximation (DDA). We prove that errors in any measured quantity are bounded by a sum of a linear term and a quadratic term in the size of a dipole d when the latter is in the range of DDA applicability. Moreover, the linear term is significantly smaller for cubically than for noncubically shaped scatterers. Therefore, for small d, errors for cubically shaped particles are much smaller than for noncubically shaped ones. The relative importance of the linear term decreases with increasing size; hence convergence of DDA for large enough scatterers is quadratic in the common range of d. Extensive numerical simulations are carried out for a wide range of d. Finally, we discuss a number of new developments in DDA and their consequences for convergence.
Violations of CPT symmetry and Lorentz invariance are searched for by studying interference effects in B^{0} mixing and in B_{s}^{0} mixing.

Samples of B^{0}→J/ψK_{S}^{0} and B_{s}^{0}→J/ψK^{+}K^{-} decays are recorded by the LHCb detector in proton-proton collisions at center-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3 fb^{-1}.

No periodic variations of the particle-antiparticle mass differences are found, consistent with Lorentz invariance and CPT symmetry. Results are expressed in terms of the standard model extension parameter Δa_{μ} with precisions of O(10^{-15}) and O(10^{-14}) GeV for the B^{0} and B_{s}^{0} systems, respectively. With no assumption on Lorentz (non)invariance, the CPT-violating parameter z in the B_{s}^{0} system is measured for the first time and found to be Re(z)=-0.022±0.033±0.005 and Im(z)=0.004±0.011±0.002, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic.
Aim. To study the association of the rs1042713 polymorphism of the ADRB2 gene with cardiomyopathies of various origins.

Material and methods. The study included patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCMP) and myocardial dilatation of ischemic genesis (DM IG). The total number of people surveyed is 221. The average age of the subjects was 55.309.69 years. Patients were divided into 2 groups: one of them patients with a diagnosis of dilated cardiomyopathy idiopathic (predictors of expansion of the heart cavities are excluded) and the other-patients with dilated myocardium of ischemic origin (a history of IHD). The number of patients in the first group was 111, including 99 (89.2%) men and 12 (10.8%) women. The average age of patients in this group is 51.739.74 years. The second group included patients with myocardial dilatation of ischemic origin. Their number is 110 people, including 100 (91.5%) men and 10 (8.5%) women. The average age of the respondents is 58.688.38 years. The control group consists of individuals who did not have any manifestations of cardiovascular diseases. Their number is 221 people (average age 53.64.8 years). Laboratory and instrumental studies, coronary angiography, and molecular genetic studies of the rs1042713 polymorphism of the ADRB2 gene were performed for all participants in the study. Those patients who were excluded predictors of the occurrence of dilation of the heart cavities were assigned to the first group. The second group included patients with a history of CHD.

Results. In the group with DCMP, 10.8% of patients were carriers of the common homozygous AA genotype, the heterozygous AG genotype 48.6%, and the rare homozygous GG genotype 40.5%. In the group of patients with DM IG, 16.4% of patients were carriers of the common homozygous AA genotype, the heterozygous AG genotype 51.8%, and the rare homozygous GG genotype 31.8%. In the control group, 11.8% of patients were identified as carriers of the homozygous genotype for the common allele, 47.5% carriers of the heterozygous genotype, and 40.7% carriers of the homozygous genotype for the rare allele. No statistically significant results were obtained in the group of patients with DCMP and DM IG compared to the control group of the rs1042713 polymorphism of the ADRB2 gene. Conclusion. No association of ADRB2 gene rs1042713 polymorphism with DCMI and DM IG was revealed.
Endothelial and smooth muscle cells are considered promising resources for regenerative medicine and cell replacement therapy. It has been shown that both types of cells are heterogeneous depending on the type of vessels and organs in which they are located. Therefore, isolation of endothelial and smooth muscle cells from tissues relevant to the area of research is necessary for the adequate study of specific pathologies. However, sources of specialized human endothelial and smooth muscle cells are limited, and the search for new sources is still relevant. The main goal of our study is to demonstrate that functional endothelial and smooth muscle cells can be obtained from an available source—post-surgically discarded cardiac tissue from the right atrial appendage and right ventricular myocardium. Heterogeneous primary cell cultures were enzymatically isolated from cardiac explants and then grown in specific endothelial and smooth muscle growth media on collagen IV-coated surfaces. The population of endothelial cells was further enriched by immunomagnetic sorting for CD31, and the culture thus obtained was characterized by immunocytochemistry, ultrastructural analysis and in vitro functional tests. The angiogenic potency of the cells was examined by injecting them, along with Matrigel, into immunodeficient mice. Cells were also seeded on characterized polycaprolactone/chitosan membranes with subsequent analysis of cell proliferation and function. Endothelial cells isolated from cardiac explants expressed CD31, VE-cadherin and VEGFR2 and showed typical properties, namely, cytoplasmic Weibel-Palade bodies, metabolism of acetylated low-density lipoproteins, formation of capillary-like structures in Matrigel, and production of extracellular matrix and angiogenic cytokines. Isolated smooth muscle cells expressed extracellular matrix components as well as α-actin and myosin heavy chain. Vascular cells derived from cardiac explants demonstrated the ability to stimulate angiogenesis in vivo. Endothelial cells proliferated most effectively on membranes made of polycaprolactone and chitosan blended in a 25:75 ratio, neutralized by a mixture of alkaline and ethanol. Endothelial and smooth muscle cells retained their functional properties when seeded on the blended membranes. We established endothelial and smooth muscle cell cultures from human right atrial appendage and right ventricle post-operative explants. The isolated cells revealed angiogenic potential and may be a promising source of patient-specific cells for regenerative medicine.
Verdazyl-nitroxide diradicals were synthesized using the palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of the corresponding iodoverdazyls with a nitronyl nitroxide-2-ide gold(I) complex with high yields (up to 82%).

The synthesized diradicals were found to be highly thermally stable and have a singlet (D E ST » -64 cm –1 ) or triplet ground state (D E ST ³ 25 and 100 cm –1 ), depending on which canonical hydrocarbon diradical type they belong to.

Upon crystallization, triplet diradicals form unique one-dimensional (1D) spin S = 1 chains of organic diradicals with intrachain ferromagnetic coupling of J ′/ k B from 3 to 6 K.
Fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF21) beneficially affects carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Previously, a sex-specific activation of Fgf21 expression was observed in humans and animals with metabolic diseases.

The aim of this work was to determine liver, White Adipose Tissue (WAT) and Brown Adipose Tissue (BAT) expression of genes related to FGF21 signaling in response to 24 h fasting, 6 h refeeding (after 24 h fasting) and Diet-Induced Obesity (DIO) in C57Bl mice of both sexes. Obesity was induced by the consumption of palatable food for 10 weeks. mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-a and -γ (Pparα, Pparγ), FGF21 (Fgf21), coactivator of FGF receptors (Klb) and transcriptional coactivator (Pgc-1α) were measured by RT-PCR.

The study showed that the fasting-induced increases in hepatic Fgf21 gene expression and circulating FGF21 levels, as well as refeeding-induced increases in local WAT and BAT Fgf21 gene expression, were biased toward females. DIO-induced increase in circulating FGF21 levels, as well as in Fgf21 gene expression in the liver and BAT, were biased toward males. Considering that FGF21 is a novel metabolic regulator of energy homeostasis, sex differences in the responses to anabolic and catabolic stimulus could have translational implications for novel therapeutic outcomes.
At the early 1880s Altai appeared the place of sharp clashes between old-dwellers and peasant migrants.The most famous of these conflicts occurred in the early 1880s in the village of Novo-Tyryshkino.In the document published it is described by the chairman of the Tomsk province council N.N.Petukhov.He was one of the most active and most experienced officials of the Tomsk province, who personally met with peasants at Novo-Tyryshkino trying to find a way to settle the conflict.His description allows us to see behind a particular case some common problems that influenced the course and results of the Great Siberian migration.First of all, it is the phenomenon known in demographic science as the chain migration.This makes it possible to compare the Great Siberian migration of the second half of the late Russian empire with other large migrations of different epochs.
Derivation of governing equations for multiphase flow on the base of thermodynamically compatible systems theory is presented. The mixture is considered as a continuum in which the multiphase character of the flow is taken into account.

The resulting governing equations of the formulated model belong to the class of hyperbolic systems of conservation laws. In order to examine the reliability of the model, the one-dimensional Riemann problem for the four-phase flow is studied numerically with the use of the MUSCL-Hancock method in conjunction with the GFORCE flux.
We establish Luzin N and Morse–Sard properties for functions from the Sobolev space W n , 1 ( ℝ n ) $\mathrm {W}^{n,1}(\mathbb {R}^n)$ . Using these results we prove that almost all level sets are finite disjoint unions of C 1 $\mathrm {C}^1$ -smooth compact manifolds of dimension n - 1. These results remain valid also within the larger space of functions of bounded variation BV n ( ℝ n ) $\mathrm {BV}_n(\mathbb {R}^n)$ . For the proofs we establish and use some new results on Luzin-type approximation of Sobolev and BV $\mathrm {BV}$ -functions by C k $\mathrm {C}^k$ -functions, where the exceptional sets have small Hausdorff content.
We report the discovery and multicolour (VRIW) photometry of the rare explosive star MASTER OT J004207.99+405501.1 – a luminous red nova – in the Andromeda galaxy M31N2015–01a. We use our original light curve acquired with identical MASTER Global Robotic Net telescopes in one photometric system: VRI during the first 30 d and W (unfiltered) during 70 d. Also, we added published multicolour photometry data to estimate the mass and energy of the ejected shell and we discuss the likely formation scenarios of outbursts of this type. We propose an interpretation of the explosion that is consistent with an evolutionary scenario where the merging of stellar components or the disruption of the common envelope of a close binary can explain some luminous red novae. Radiative hydrodynamic simulations of a luminous red nova were carried out in extended parameter space to fit its light curves. We find that the multicolour passband light curves of the luminous red nova are consistent with an initial common envelope radius of 10 R⊙, a merger mass of 3 M⊙ and an explosion energy of 3 × 1048 erg. As a result, the phenomenon of novae consists of two classes: classical nuclear novae and more rare events (red novae) connected with the loss of compact common envelopes.
1H MRI of gases can potentially enable functional lung imaging to probe gas ventilation and other functions. In this work, 1H MR images of hyperpolarized and thermally polarized propane gas were obtained using UTE (ultrashort echo time) pulse sequence. A 2D image of thermally polarized propane gas with ~0.9×0.9 mm2 spatial resolution was obtained in less than 2 seconds, demonstrating that even non-hyperpolarized hydrocarbon gases can be successfully utilized for conventional proton MRI. The experiments were also performed with hyperpolarized propane gas and demonstrated acquisition of high-resolution multi-slice FLASH 2D images in ca. 510 s and non slice-selective 2D UTE MRI images in ca. 2 s. The UTE approach adopted in this study can be potentially used for medical lung imaging. Furthermore, the possibility to combine UTE with selective suppression of 1H signals from one of the two gases in a mixture is demonstrated in this MRI study. The latter can be useful for visualizing industrially important processes where several gases may be present, e.g., gas-solid catalytic reactions.
In this letter, the polarization properties of a random fiber laser operating via Raman gain and random distributed feedback owing to Rayleigh scattering are investigated for the first time. Using polarized pump, the partially polarized generation is obtained with a generation spectrum exhibiting discrete narrow spectral features contrary to the smooth spectrum observed for the depolarized pump. The threshold, output power, degree of polarization and the state of polarization (SOP) of the lasing can be significantly influenced by the SOP of the pump. Fine narrow spectral components are also sensitive to the SOP of the pump wave. Furthermore, we found that random lasing's longitudinal power distributions are different in the case of polarized and depolarized pumping that results in considerable reduction of the generation slope efficiency for the polarized radiation. Our results indicate that polarization effects play an important role on the performance of the random fiber laser. This work improves the understanding of the physics of random lasing in fibers and makes a step forward towards the establishment of the vector model of random fiber lasers.
In the paper, an experimental investigation of the local structure of a bubbly upward flow in an annular channel was carried out by means of a combination of PIV/PFBI/PTV techniques. PIV was applied to measure velocity distributions and turbulent characteristics in the continuous phase, PFBI approach was applied to visualize bubbles in the flow and evaluate their positions and sizes and the simplest PTV method was employed to determine the bubble velocities. The flow was studied at the Reynolds number of 12,500 and different void fractions β = 0, 1 and 2%. The mean air bubble diameter was estimated to be about 0.8 mm for all β. Bubble concentration was observed to increase near the channel walls. Rising velocity of the gas bubbles was measured in various locations across the annulus duct and it was found that it is substantially higher for the bubbles moving in the central part of the channel. An increase of the void fraction resulted in redistribution of the mean velocity in the flow cross-section and intensification of the turbulent fluctuations up to three times for β= 2%.
The overview of two running BINP electron-positron colliders VEPP-4M and VEPP-2000 is presented. Since 2016 both colliders are joint to the single accelerator complex via common injector that supplies more intensive beams.

In 2017 VEPP-2000 started data taking after 3 years of upgrade.

The project of Super-Charm-Tau factory waits for the final government’s approval being considered as one of 6 mega-science project in Russia.
There presented an information on the department of Quantum optics of the Novosibirsk State University. The brief history of the Department since its foundation by the corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sergei G. Rautian

and main educational directions are described along with their relations to scientific research of teachers and students of the Department.
Purpose. Bergamaksky Ostrog is the westernmost element in the chain of fortified points, designed to ensure safe and uninterrupted traffic along the section of the Moscow-Siberian Route from Tara to Tomsk. The history of this defensive fortification is presented in the works of several researchers, however the complete picture has not been presented in available literature so far. The reason for this is that different types of sources were looked at separately, and the most informative evidence of contemporaries has remained out of sight of the researchers. The source base is represented by archival documents on the history of the Bergamaksky Ostrog, published by various researchers, information from travel diaries of D. G. Messerschmidt (1721) and J. G. Gmelin (1741), materials from archaeological excavations of 1996 and 1998 (L. V. Tataurova and S. F. Tataurov), the results of dendrochronological dating of wooden structures selected during archaeological research. Results. A comprehensive and interlinked consideration of all types of sources made it possible to form a complete picture of the history of the Bergamaksky Ostrog and identify a number of erroneous statements entrenched in scientific literature. It is established that before 1668, there were no Russian settlements on the site of the modern village of Bergamak in the Omsk Oblast. The records that report that the Bergamak settlement appeared in 1627 are false, since it belonged to the Tatar village of Bergamak. It has been established that the Ostrog was built in the settlement in 1670. By the turn of the 17th – 18th centuries it fell into complete disrepair and was not mentioned as a defensive fortification in the office administration. Conclusion. As a result of the introduction of new sources (travel diaries of D. G. Messerschmidt and J. G. Gmelin), it was established that no earlier than 1721, a second Bergamaksky Ostrog was constructed in a new place. The article developed a hypothesis about its localization and a graphic and descriptive reconstruction of its layout plan was completed.
The availability and intensity of sunlight are among the major factors of growth, development and metabolism in plants. However, excessive illumination disrupts the electronic balance of photosystems and leads to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species in chloroplasts, further mediating several regulatory mechanisms at the subcellular, genetic, and molecular levels.

We carried out a comprehensive bioinformatic analysis that aimed to identify genetic systems and candidate transcription factors involved in the response to high light stress in Arabidopsis thaliana L. using resources GEO NCBI, string-db, ShinyGO, STREME, and Tomtom, as well as programs metaRE, CisCross, and Cytoscape. Through the meta-analysis of five transcriptomic experiments, we selected a set of 1151 differentially expressed genes, including 453 genes that compose the gene network. Ten significantly enriched regulatory motifs for TFs families ZF-HD, HB, C2H2, NAC, BZR, and ARID were found in the promoter regions of differentially expressed genes.

In addition, we predicted families of transcription factors associated with the duration of exposure (RAV, HSF), intensity of high light treatment (MYB, REM), and the direction of gene expression change (HSF, S1Fa-like). We predicted genetic components systems involved in a high light response and their expression changes, potential transcriptional regulators, and associated processes.
The molecular mechanism of olfactory cognition is very complicated. Olfactory cognition is initiated by olfactory receptor proteins (odorant receptors), which are activated by olfactory stimuli (ligands). Olfactory receptors are the initial player in the signal transduction cascade producing a nerve impulse, which is transmitted to the brain. The sensitivity to a particular ligand depends on the expression level of multiple proteins involved in the process of olfactory cognition: olfactory receptor proteins, proteins that participate in signal transduction cascade, etc. The expression level of each gene is controlled by its regulatory regions, and especially, by the promoter [a region of DNA about 100-1000 base pairs long located upstream of the transcription start site (TSS)].

We analyzed single nucleotide polymorphisms using human whole-genome data from the 1000 Genomes Project and revealed an extremely high level of single nucleotide polymorphisms in promoter regions of olfactory receptor genes and HLA genes.

We hypothesized that the high level of polymorphisms in olfactory receptor promoters was responsible for the diversity in regulatory mechanisms controlling the expression levels of olfactory receptor proteins. Such diversity of regulatory mechanisms may cause the great variability of olfactory cognition of numerous environmental olfactory stimuli perceived by human beings (air pollutants, human body odors, odors in culinary etc.). In turn, this variability may provide a wide range of emotional and behavioral reactions related to the vast variety of olfactory stimuli.
The paper aims to study the effect of the composition of high-percentage carbide Ni-Mo systems modified by SiO2 on their activity and selectivity in the hydrogenation of furfural. The process was carried out in a solution of isopropanol at a temperature of 150 °C and a hydrogen pressure of 6.0 MPa in autoclave reactor. The main hydrogenation products were furfuryl alcohol (FA) and 2-methylfuran (2-MF). The formation of side compounds, such as tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, was also observed. According to X-ray analysis, the catalytic systems synthesized using the Pechini method using citric acid and ethylene glycol as the carbon source contain the carbide phases (hex)-Mo2C, (cub)-MoC and Ni2Mo3C. It is shown that carbide content decreases with the amount of nickel in the catalyst, in addition, formation of a Ni-Mo alloy enriched in nickel is observed. It was indicated that a high Ni content increases the yield of by-products. At the same time, catalysts with a high content of carbide phases have a lower activity, but they allow obtaining a 60 mol.% FA yield and up to 29 mol.% of 2-MF.
One possible way to demonstrate both the efficiency and beam quality in a plasma wakefield accelerator is to prepare matched drive and accelerated beams by removing a central slice from a single high-quality electron bunch (parent beam). For parameters of the parent beam given, the question arises how to maximize the number and energy of accelerated particles and minimize their energy spread and emittance. This question is addressed by numerical simulations. The optimum shape of the beams, required plasma length, achievable energy gain, and energy spread are found as functions of the plasma density and parent beam characteristics. The required control accuracy of adjustable beam and plasma parameters is determined.
The paper presents an educational version of the tomography algorithm BASIC TOMO, which is aimed at demonstration of the role of different controlling parameters in inversion.

The algorithm uses a simplified approximation of rays with straight lines and a model parameterization with the use of rectangular cells. The tomography procedure is reduced to solving a system of linear equations, which is performed using the LSQR method.

This study presents several exercises showing the role of different factors in inversion, such as grid spacing, smoothing, ray configuration, and noise in the data. The calculations are performed for different types of synthetic models. All the results can be easily reproduced using the appended version of the BASIC TOMO code.