Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
The formation of hybrid sterility is an important stage of speciation. The voles of the genus Microtus , which is the most speciose genus of rodents, provide a good model for studying the cytological mechanisms of hybrid sterility. The voles of the " mystacinus " group of the subgenus Microtus (2 n = 54) comprising several recently diverged forms with unclear taxonomic status are especially interesting.

To resolve the taxonomic status of Microtus mystacinus and Microtus kermanensis , we crossed both with Microtus rossiaemeridionalis , and M. kermanensis alone with Microtus arvalis "obscurus" and M. transcaspicus and examined the reproductive performance of their F1 hybrids. To gain an insight into the cytological mechanisms of male hybrid sterility, we carried out a histological analysis of spermatogenesis and a cytological analysis of chromosome synapsis, recombination, and epigenetic chromatin modifications in the germ cells of the hybrids using immunolocalization of key meiotic proteins.

All interspecies male hybrids were sterile. Female M. kermanensis × M. arvalis and M. kermanensis × M. transcaspicus hybrids were sterile as well. Therefore, M. mystacinus , M. kermanensis , and M. rossiaemeridionalis could be considered valid species. The hybrids showed wide variation in the onset of spermatogenesis arrest stage, from mature (although abnormal) spermatozoa to spermatogonia only. Chromosome asynapsis was apparently the main cause of meiotic arrest. The degree of asynapsis varied widely across cells, individuals, and the crosses—from partial asynapsis of several small bivalents to complete asynapsis of all chromosomes. The asynapsis was accompanied by a delayed repair of DNA double-strand breaks marked by RAD51 antibodies and silencing of unpaired chromatin marked by γH2A.X antibodies. Overall, the severity of disturbances in spermatogenesis in general and in chromosome synapsis in particular increased in the hybrids with an increase in the phylogenetic distance between their parental species.
A spatial mathematical model of the evaporation system using film flows has been developed. A numerical study of several modes of film flow in an evaporation cell at a heater temperature below the boiling point has been carried out. The characteristics of the film flow and the features of the coupled heat and mass transfer processes in the gas-film-metal substrate system have been studied. Good agreement between the calculation and the experiment on the main parameters of the wave motion of the film and the heat transfer characteristics has been obtained.
The article considers the possibility of controlling the quality of a conducting surface using a Michelson interferometer, in which the information carrier is surface plasmon-polaritons (a type of surface electromagnetic waves) of the terahertz range. It is shown that using such an interferometer, it is possible both to control the uniformity of the dielectric coating on the surface of a metal product, and to detect inhomogeneities on the controlled surface, as well as to evaluate their geometric and optical characteristics.
Modes of occurrences and geochemical characteristics of ilmenite and magnetite in the North Suoi Cun ultramafic rocks are studied to understand source, formation and evolution of magma chamber.

The North Suoi Cun ultramafic block consist of plagiolherzolite and olivine melano-gabbro. The Plagiolherzolite and olivine melano-gabbro consist of large amounts of olivine and pyroxene, lesser amounts of plagioclase and sulfide minerals and small amounts of biotite, chromspinel, ilmenite and magnetite.

The results suggest that: a/ There are two types of ilmenite, that were formed in two distinct stages: Early Mg-rich ilmenite was formed at intermediate magma chamber and latter Mn-rich ilmenite was formed at crystallized magma chamber; b/ Original magma of Suoi Cun plagiolherzolite and melano gabbroid was derived from sub-continental lithospheric mantle; c/ magnetite was formed at latter stage by two processes: serpentinization and alteration of early sulfide minerals.
The effects of parity violation in the interaction of relativistic polarized protons with $$^{{12}}{\text{C}}$$ and $$^{{16}}{\text{O}}$$ nuclei are discussed. Within the Glauber approach, estimates are obtained for P -odd asymmetries in the total and elastic scattering cross sections, the dissociation cross section, and in the inelastic scattering cross section with meson production. Our calculations show that asymmetry should be most noticeable in the elastic cross section and in the dissociation cross section.
The study of infrared absorption by linear gold nanoantennas fabricated on a Si surface with underlying SiO2 layers of various thicknesses

allowed the penetration depth of localized surface plasmons into SiO2 to be determined. The value of the penetration depth derived experimentally (20 ± 10 nm) corresponds to that obtained from electromagnetic simulations (12.9–30.0 nm)

Coupling between plasmonic excitations of gold nanoantennas and optical phonons in SiO2 leads to the appearance of new plasmon–phonon modes observed in the infrared transmission spectra the frequencies of which are well predicted by the simulations
Pacific Water (PW) enters the Arctic Ocean through Bering Strait and brings in heat, fresh water, and nutrients from the northern Bering Sea. The circulation of PW in the central Arctic Ocean is only partially understood due to the lack of observations.

In this paper, pathways of PW are investigated using simulations with six state‐of‐the art regional and global Ocean General Circulation Models (OGCMs). In the simulations, PW is tracked by a passive tracer, released in Bering Strait.

Simulated PW spreads from the Bering Strait region in three major branches. One of them starts in the Barrow Canyon, bringing PW along the continental slope of Alaska into the Canadian Straits and then into Baffin Bay. The second begins in the vicinity of the Herald Canyon and transports PW along the continental slope of the East Siberian Sea into the Transpolar Drift, and then through Fram Strait and the Greenland Sea. The third branch begins near the Herald Shoal and the central Chukchi shelf and brings PW into the Beaufort Gyre. In the models, the wind, acting via Ekman pumping, drives the seasonal and interannual variability of PW in the Canadian Basin of the Arctic Ocean. The wind affects the simulated PW pathways by changing the vertical shear of the relative vorticity of the ocean flow in the Canada Basin.
Aim . To investigate the histological structure of fish tumors in the Volga Delta and the northern part of the Caspian Sea to assess the habitat quality of aquatic organisms. Material and Methods . Neoplasms identified in the following representatives of ichthyofauna were analyzed: black ‐ backed herring, roach, asp, perch, carp, pike, zander, catfish and bream. Biological material was collected during specialized scientific research expeditions to the Volga Delta in April ‐ October 2015 ‐ 2018. Sample analysis were carried out in accordance with standard histological techniques. Results . The research shows that tumors were localized both on the surface of the body and in the internal organs of fish. During the period of investigation individuals examined were diagnosed with the following cancers: adenomectomy, basal cell carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, polypous cancer, rhabdomyoma, fibrosarcoma and follicular, epidermal papilloma. The most common pathology in the populations of semi ‐ migratory, migratory and river fish was a malignant tumor, fibrosarcoma, registered in six of the ten examined ichthyofauna species. Epithelial papilloma was most often observed in catfish. There were no oncological diseases were detected in rudd. Conclusions . Histological analysis of tumors recorded in the Volga ichthyofauna has shown that a number of identified disorders are irreversible and will inevitably lead to the reduction of fish resources as well as generally indicating the environmental problems of the habitat of aquatic organisms.
A theoretical approximation based on the theory of Hurley & Keady ( J. Fluid Mech. , vol. 351, 1997, pp. 119–138) is presented

This paper presents an experimental study on internal waves emitted by a horizontally oscillating torus in a linearly stratified fluid. Two internal wave cones are generated with the kinetic energy focused at the apices of the cones above and below the torus where the wave amplitude is maximal. Their motion is measured via tracking of distortions of horizontal fluorescein dye planes created prior to the experiments and illuminated by a vertical laser sheet. The distortion of the dye planes gives a direct access to the Lagrangian displacement of local wave amplitudes and slopes, and in particular, allows us to calculate a local Richardson number. In addition particle image velocimetry measurements are used.

Maximum wave slopes are found in the focal region and close to the surface of the torus. As the amplitude of oscillations of the torus increases, wave profiles in the regions of maximum wave slopes evolve nonlinearly toward local overturning. For the focal region the internal wave amplitude is found to be overestimated by the theory. The wave breaking in the focal region is investigated as a function of the Keulegan–Carpenter number, $Ke=A/a$ , with $A$ the oscillation amplitude and $a$ the short radius of the torus. A linear wave regime is found for $Ke<0.4$ , nonlinear effects start at $Ke≈0.6$ and breaking for $Ke>0.8$ . For large forcing, the measured wave amplitude normalized with the oscillation amplitude decreases almost everywhere in the wave field, but increases locally in the focal region due to nonlinear effects. Due to geometric focusing the amplitude of the wave increases with $√{ε}$ , with $ε=b/a$ and $b$ is the mean radius of the torus. The relevance of wave focusing due to ocean topography is discussed.
Rheumatoid arthritis is one of the most common autoimmune diseases. Many antioxidants have been tested in arthritis, but their efficacy was, at best, marginal. In this study, a novel mitochondria-targeted antioxidant, plastoquinonyl-decyl-triphenylphosphonium bromide (SkQ1), was tested in vivo to prevent and cure experimental autoimmune arthritis. In conventional Wistar rats, SkQ1 completely prevented the development of clinical signs of arthritis if administered with food before induction. Further, SkQ1 significantly reduced the fraction of animals that developed clinical signs of arthritis and severity of pathological lesions if administration began immediately after induction of arthritis or at the onset of first symptoms (day 14 after induction). In specific pathogen-free Wistar rats, SkQ1 administered via gavage after induction of arthritis did not reduce the fraction of animals with arthritis but decreased the severity of lesions upon pathology examination in a dose-dependent manner. Efficacious doses of SkQ1 were in the range of 0.25–1.25 nmol/kg/day (0.13–0.7 μ g/kg/day), which is much lower than doses commonly used for conventional antioxidants. SkQ1 promoted apoptosis of neutrophils in vitro , which may be one of the mechanisms underlying its pharmacological activity. Considering its low toxicity and the wide therapeutic window, SkQ1 may be a valuable additional therapy for rheumatoid arthritis.
While the number of mammalian genome assemblies has proliferated, Y-chromosome assemblies have lagged behind. This discrepancy is caused by biological features of the Y-chromosome, such as its high repeat content, that present challenges to assembly with short-read, next-generation sequencing technologies. Partial Y-chromosome assemblies have been developed for the cat (Felis catus), dog (Canis lupus familiaris), and grey wolf (Canis lupus lupus), providing the opportunity to examine the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) Y-chromosome in the context of closely related species.

Here we present a data-driven approach to identifying Y-chromosome sequence among the scaffolds that comprise the short-read assembled red fox genome. First, scaffolds containing genes found on the Y-chromosomes of cats, dogs, and wolves were identified. Next, analysis of the resequenced genomes of 15 male and 15 female foxes revealed scaffolds containing male-specific k-mers and patterns of inter-sex copy number variation consistent with the heterogametic chromosome. Analyzing variation across these two metrics revealed 171 scaffolds containing 3.37 Mbp of putative Y-chromosome sequence.

The gene content of these scaffolds is consistent overall with that of the Y-chromosome in other carnivore species, though the red fox Y-chromosome carries more copies of BCORY2 and UBE1Y than has been reported in related species and fewer copies of SRY than in other canids. The assignment of these scaffolds to the Y-chromosome serves to further characterize the content of the red fox draft genome while providing resources for future analyses of canid Y-chromosome evolution.
In the following article, we classify the typical existential-spatial syntactic structures in two Khanty dialects (Kazym and Surgut) and two Nenets dialects (Forest and Tundra). We distinguish two classes of elementary simple sentences corresponding to one proposition: static, or existential-locative, denoting an un-changing state of an object in space, and dynamic, denoting transition from one point to another. Each of these classes contains causative variants denoting causa-tion of location (who keeps what and where) and causation of movement, or transition (who moves what and where), which are represented by non-elementary simple sentences.

Khanty and Nenets, as well as their dialects, differ by how they represent spatial relations: in Khanty, analytical means (postpositions and preverbs) prevail, whereas in Nenets, synthetic means (case markers) are more common. Existential-spatial relations are expressed by the following means: adverbs, postpositions, case markers, preverbs (the latter are unique for Ugric languages). Kazym dialect of the Khanty language has a reduced case system, in which two cases are contrasted, namely locative-instrumental and dative-directional, expressing static and dynamic spatial relations. In the Surgut dialect, there are two com-peting directional cases, as well as locative and ablative. In Nenets, there is a case system where each spatial case denotes a certain type of spatial relations: place, direction, starting point, and route. Correspondingly, in Kazym dialect, one mostly finds analytical means of expression of spatial relations; postpositions and preverbs are more frequent than in other Khanty and Nenets dialects analyzed in our work.

component structure and leads to clearing of an internal form at his expansion, and sometimes serves as attempt of national and etymological decoding of an image. The semantic redundancy, a pleonasm inherent in some turns with components distributors. In some cases the specifying component can provoke semantic shifts of phraseological units or promote representation of other mental installations. The practical value of comparison of dialect and all-Russian constructive options (except conclusions about structural-semantic and figurative and pragmatical properties of phraseological units) consists in a possibility of specification of historical and etymological versions and clearings of a phraseological image.
Background The malaria mosquito Anopheles punctipennis , a widely distributed species in North America, is capable of transmitting human malaria and is actively involved in the transmission of the ungulate malaria parasite Plasmodium odocoilei . However, molecular diagnostic tools based on Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 (ITS2) of ribosomal DNA are lacking for this species. Anopheles punctipennis is a former member of the Anopheles maculipennis complex but its systematic position remains unclear. Methods In this study, ITS2 sequences were obtained from 276 An. punctipennis specimens collected in the eastern and midwestern United States and a simple and robust Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism approach for species identification was developed. The maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree was constructed based on ITS2 sequences available through this study and from GenBank for 20 species of Anopheles. Results The analysis demonstrated a consistent ITS2 sequence length and showed no indications of intragenomic variation among the samples based on ITS2, suggesting that An. punctipennis represents a single species in the studied geographic locations. In this study, An. punctipennis was found in urban, rural, and forest settings, suggesting its potential broad role in pathogen transmission. Phylogeny based on ITS2 sequence comparison demonstrated the close relationship of this species with other members of the Maculipennis group. Conclusions This study developed molecular tools based on ITS2 sequences for the malaria vector An. punctipennis and clarified the phylogenetic position of the species within the Maculipennis group.
The stationary current induced by a strong running potential wave in one-dimensional system is studied. Such a wave can result from illumination of a straight quantum wire with special grating or spiral quantum wire by circular-polarized light. The wave drags electrons in the direction correlating with the direction of the system symmetry and polarization of light. In a pure system the wave induces minibands in the accompanied system of reference. We study the effect in the presence of impurity scattering. The current is an interplay between the wave drag and impurity braking. It was found that the drag current is quantized when the Fermi level gets into energy gaps.
Актуальность исследования состоит в решении фундаментальных и прикладных вопросов гидрогеологии и гидрогеохимии доюрского основания Западно-Сибирского артезианского бассейна и имеет большое значение для изучения земной коры платформ и складчатых поясов в целом. Уникальность и сложность объекта заключается в том, что Западно-Сибирский бассейн – самый крупный участок молодой платформы, под чехлом которого сочленяются разновозрастные, геодинамически и гидрогеологически разнообразные комплексы. Научных обобщений имеющегося фактического материала не проводилось более 30 лет! Кроме того, актуальность исследований заключается в практической плоскости – оценке современного состояния водонапорных систем доюрских комплексов, разработке гидрогеологических критериев их нефтегазоносности и уточнении направления поисков и разведки углеводородов в доюрском основании Западной Сибири.

Методы: основываясь на методических приемах В.А. Сулина, А.А. Карцева, С.Л. Шварцева, Н.М. Кругликова, В.В. Нелюбина, О.Н. Яковлева, В.М. Матусевича и других исследователей выявить особенности геохимии подземных вод и рассолов, установить генетический облик подземных вод и рассолов, используя «генетические» коэффициенты, отражающие отношения различных макро- и микрокомпонентов в их составе: rNa/rCl, Сl/Br, Ca/Cl, r(HCO3+CO3)/r(Ca+Mg), B/Br, Br/Cl∙10–3, Sr/Cl∙10–3 и другие. Применяя интегрированный показатель метаморфизации рассолов (S) по С.Л. Шварцеву и отношения Ca/Cl, Br/Cl∙10–3, Sr/Cl∙10–3, оценить степень метаморфизации рассолов.

Результаты. Приводятся результаты исследования геохимии подземных вод и рассолов доюрских отложений южных районов Обь-Иртышского междуречья. Установлено, что в исследуемом регионе развиты подземные воды и рассолы с величиной общей минерализации от 4 до 100 г/дм3 Cl-Na, Cl-Na-Ca и Cl-HCO3-Na состава при доминировании первых. Проведя ретроспективу гидрогеологической истории и детальный анализ гидрогеохимических данных, можно предположить доминирование в разрезе седиментогенных рассолов и наличие литогенных (термодегидратационных), древних инфильтрогенных и конденсатогенных вод. Совместное рассмотрение rNa/rCl, Ca/Cl, Br/Cl∙10–3, Sr/Cl∙10–3 отношений с интегрированным показателем метаморфизации рассолов S подтверждает, что в изучаемом районе рассолы находятся на начальной стадии метаморфизации химического состава.
The role of autophagy and vesicular trafficking in carcinogenesis, including melanoma, is ambiguous: on the one hand, they contribute to the maintenance of intracellular homeostasis and the tumor progression, on the other hand, they can initiate cancer cell death. These processes have a significant impact on the metabolism of melanoma cells and could be associated with metastasis, tumor growth and progression. The review examines the mechanisms of autophagy and vesicular trafficking and presents the modern literature data demonstrating the role of the intracellular transport system in oncogenesis and melanoma development. A literature search was performed in the PubMed database.
LnZrOx (Ln: La, Sm) mixed oxides of Ln: Zr = 1 were prepared by different methods (complex polymerized method, sorption of cations on starch from aqueous salt solution and conventional co-precipitation with additional redispersion of precipitate by ultra sound) and calcined at 700–1300 °C.

Various characterization methods were used such as X-ray diffraction, Electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy, UV–Vis spectroscopy, X-Ray absorption fine structure and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

The formation of pyrochlore structure occurred at 1100–1300 °C from fluorite-like pseudocubic phase ZrO2 regardless the method of preparation. This phase had a block-like structure consisting of ZrO2 nanocrystals stabilized by Ln cations and residual anions such as hydroxyls and carbonates. The desorption of such anions with heating already started at 900 °C and lead to local changes of Zr cations coordination to octahedral and to the formation of pyrochlore nanodomains inclusions within fluorite-like phase. The increased cation mobility and further elimination of anions caused by further heating was accompanied by the formation of bulk pyrochlore phase at 1100–1300 °C. Even after calcination at 1300 °C the local microheterogeneity as well as defects were identified at domains boundaries or sintered microstructure. These specific features of the formed pyrochlores depend on the method of preparation.
Modern technology and the level of fundamental studies allow us to create the medical sorbents with the predetermined structural, mechanical and adsorptional properties. Sorption materials are interesting not only as detoxicants that are used to remove toxic agents from the liquid media, but also as carriers for a delivery in zones a therapeutic effect of biologically active substances. The aim of this work is the substantiation of structure of the multifunctional drug with anti-bacterial and detoxifying effects due to the complex of silver and the sorption component – alumina-silica-containing sorbent. Materials and methods. We used physico-chemical (sorption activity of methylene blue dye, specific surface, pH in contact with water, atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma) and pharmaceutical methods (bulk density, dissolution test for solid dosage forms). Results and discussion. The two-stage method of immobilization of a complex of silver and water repellent on the surface sorption matrix was justified. The sample of the optimum composition of silver-containing drugs was selected: aluminium oxide-hydroxide – 99.2%, clustered silver (Argovit – C – 2%) – 0.3 %, based on silver and subsidiary substance (repellents – brand PMS P – 841) – 0.5 %. The output of silver into the solution from the specified sample composition for 8 hours did not exceed 1,6 ± 0,3%, the value of specific surface area of 90 m2/ g, the value of pH to 8.1 ± 0.02, bulk density 1.12 ± 0.11 g/cm3. Conclusion. An experimentally substantiated composition of silver-containing drug AlSi/Ag was received, a comprehensive scientific data of its physico-chemical and technological properties were obtained.