Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
To investigate the histological structure of fish tumors in the Volga Delta and the northern part of the Caspian Sea to assess the habitat quality of aquatic organisms.

Neoplasms identified in the following representatives of ichthyofauna were analyzed: black ‐ backed herring, roach, asp, perch, carp, pike, zander, catfish and bream. Biological material was collected during specialized scientific research expeditions to the Volga Delta in April ‐ October 2015 ‐ 2018. Sample analysis were carried out in accordance with standard histological techniques.

The research shows that tumors were localized both on the surface of the body and in the internal organs of fish. During the period of investigation individuals examined were diagnosed with the following cancers: adenomectomy, basal cell carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, polypous cancer, rhabdomyoma, fibrosarcoma and follicular, epidermal papilloma. The most common pathology in the populations of semi ‐ migratory, migratory and river fish was a malignant tumor, fibrosarcoma, registered in six of the ten examined ichthyofauna species. Epithelial papilloma was most often observed in catfish. There were no oncological diseases were detected in rudd. Histological analysis of tumors recorded in the Volga ichthyofauna has shown that a number of identified disorders are irreversible and will inevitably lead to the reduction of fish resources as well as generally indicating the environmental problems of the habitat of aquatic organisms.
Two equivalents of LGa (L=HC[C(Me)N(2,6‐ i Pr 2 C 6 H 3 )] 2 ) reacted with PX 3 (X=Cl, Br) with insertion into two P−X bonds and formation of [L(X)Ga] 2 PX (X=Cl 1 , Br 2 ), whereas the analogous reaction with AsCl 3 occurred with twofold insertion and subsequent elimination of LGaCl 2 and formation of the Ga‐substituted diarsene [L(Cl)Ga] 2 As 2 ( 3 ). Analogous findings were observed in the reactions with Me 2 NAsCl 2 , yielding the unsymmetrically‐substituted diarsene [L(Cl)Ga]As=As[Ga(NMe 2 )L] ( 4 ). The reaction of As(NMe 2 ) 3 with LGa gave [L(Me 2 N)Ga] 2 As 2 ( 5 ) after heating at 165 °C for five days, whereas the reaction with LAl gave [L(Me 2 N)Al] 2 As 2 ( 6 ) after heating at only 80 °C for one day. Finally, two equivalents of LGa reacted with Bi(NEt 2 ) 3 to give [L(Et 2 N)Ga] 2 Bi 2 ( 7 ). Complexes 1 – 7 were characterized by NMR spectroscopy ( 1 H, 13 C, 31 P), elemental analysis, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (except for 1 and 5 ). The bonding situations in 4 , 6 , and 7 were analyzed by quantum chemical calculations.
Species of the mustelid subfamily Guloninae inhabit diverse habitats on multiple continents, and occupy a variety of ecological niches. They differ in feeding ecologies, reproductive strategies and morphological adaptations. To identify candidate loci associated with adaptations to their respective environments, we generated a de novo assembly of the tayra (Eira barbara), the earliest diverging species in the subfamily, and compared this with the genomes available for the wolverine (Gulo gulo) and the sable (Martes zibellina). Our comparative genomic analyses included searching for signs of positive selection, examining changes in gene family sizes and searching for species-specific structural variants. Among candidate loci associated with phenotypic traits, we observed many related to diet, body condition and reproduction. For example, for the tayra, which has an atypical gulonine reproductive strategy of aseasonal breeding, we observed species-specific changes in many pregnancy-related genes. For the wolverine, a circumpolar hypercarnivore that must cope with seasonal food scarcity, we observed many changes in genes associated with diet and body condition. All types of genomic variation examined (single nucleotide polymorphisms, gene family expansions, structural variants) contributed substantially to the identification of candidate loci. This argues strongly for consideration of variation other than single nucleotide polymorphisms in comparative genomics studies aiming to identify loci of adaptive significance.
To study the influence of microwave irradiation on two-dimensional electrons, we apply a method based on capacitance measurements in GaAs quantum well samples where the gate covers a central part of the layer. We find that the capacitance oscillations at high magnetic fields, caused by the oscillations of thermodynamic density of states, are not essentially modified by microwaves. However, in the region of fields below 1 T, we observe another set of oscillations, with the period and the phase identical to those of microwave-induced resistance oscillations. The phenomenon of microwave-induced capacitance oscillations is explained in terms of violation of the Einstein relation between conductivity and the diffusion coefficient in the presence of microwaves, which leads to a dependence of the capacitor charging on the anomalous conductivity. We also observe microwave-induced oscillations in the capacitive response to periodic variations of external heating. These oscillations appear due to the thermoelectric effect and are in antiphase with microwave-induced resistance oscillations because of the Corbino-like geometry of our experimental setup.
A search is presented for the four-body decay ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}pp\overline{p}\overline{p}$ in a sample of 471 million $B\overline{B}$ pairs collected with the BABAR detector, operated at the SLAC PEP-II asymmetric-energy ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collider. The center-of-mass energy is 10.58 GeV. From a fit to the distribution of the energy-substituted mass ${m}_{\mathrm{ES}}$, the branching fraction $\mathcal{B}({B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}pp\overline{p}\overline{p})=(1.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}7}$ is extracted, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. The significance of the signal, including the systematic uncertainty, is 2.9 standard deviations. The upper limit on the branching fraction is determined to be $2.0\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}7}$ at 90% confidence level.
The comparative study of аctivity of cysteine protease cathepsin K and matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) in bone tissue of accelerated senescent OXYS rats with early ageing comparatively to Wistar rats of the same age was performed. Early development osteoporosis is a typical feature of OXYS rats. In bone tissue of 3 month old OXYS rats, before appearance of osteoporosis manifestation cathepsin K activity was higher, whereas MMPs activity was lower than in Wistar rats. In Wistar rats (3 and 14 months old) cathepsin K activity of spine was shown to increase, and MMPs activity to decrease. In OXYS rats age-related change of cathepsin K and MMPs activity in bone tissue had the opposite direction. As a result of this there were no differences between Wistar and OXYS rats 14 months old despite the marked osteoporosis in OXYS rats as revealed our early researches. Serum α2-macroglobulin activity was higher in 14 months old OXYS rats. The role of activation of cathepsin K in bone resorption in the development of osteoporosis in early ageing OXYS rats is discussed.
The article presents an overview of foreign and domestic studies aimed to study the role of elemental imbalance in the development of cardiovascular pathology.

The pathogenetically significant mechanisms of the influence of diselementosis on the development of atherosclerotic changes in the walls of blood vessels are discussed.

Particular attention is paid to such elements as iron, copper, zinc, selenium, cadmium.
Winter wheat growing areas in the Northern hemisphere are regularly exposed to heavy frost. Due to the negative impact on yield, the identification of genetic factors controlling frost tolerance (FroT) and development of tools for breeding is of prime importance. Here, we detected QTL associated with FroT by genome wide association studies (GWAS) using a diverse panel of 276 winter wheat genotypes that was phenotyped at five locations in Germany and Russia in three years. The panel was genotyped using the 90 K iSelect array and SNPs in FroT candidate genes. In total, 17,566 SNPs were used for GWAS resulting in the identification of 53 markers significantly associated (LOD ≥ 4) to FroT, corresponding to 23 QTL regions located on 11 chromosomes (1A, 1B, 2A, 2B, 2D, 3A, 3D, 4A, 5A, 5B and 7D). The strongest QTL effect confirmed the importance of chromosome 5A for FroT. In addition, to our best knowledge, eight FroT QTLs were discovered for the first time in this study comprising one QTL on chromosomes 3A, 3D, 4A, 7D and two on chromosomes 1B and 2D. Identification of novel FroT candidate genes will help to better understand the FroT mechanism in wheat and to develop more effective combating strategies.
We perform a rigorous theoretical convergence analysis of the discrete dipole approximation (DDA).

We prove that errors in any measured quantity are bounded by a sum of a linear term and a quadratic term in the size of a dipole d when the latter is in the range of DDA applicability. Extensive numerical simulations are carried out for a wide range of d.

The linear term is significantly smaller for cubically than for noncubically shaped scatterers. Therefore, for small d, errors for cubically shaped particles are much smaller than for noncubically shaped ones. The relative importance of the linear term decreases with increasing size; hence convergence of DDA for large enough scatterers is quadratic in the common range of d. Finally, we discuss a number of new developments in DDA and their consequences for convergence.
Let X be a nite connected graph, possibly with loops and multiple edges.An automorphism group of X acts purely harmonically if it acts freely on the set of directed edges of X and has no invertible edges.Dene a genus g of the graph X to be the rank of the rst homology group.A discrete version of the Wiman theorem states that the order of a cyclic group Zn acting purely harmonically on a graph X of genus g > 1 is bounded from above by 2g + 2.

In the present paper, we investigate how many xed points has an automorphism generating a ¾large¿ cyclic group Zn of order n ≥ 2g -1.

We show that in the most cases, the automorphism acts xed point free, while for groups of order 2g and 2g -1 it can have one or two xed points.
We discuss links in thickened surfaces. A surface means a closed oriented surface unless otherwise stated. Of course, a surface may or may not be the sphere. A thickened surface means a product manifold of a surface and the interval. A link in a thickened surface (respectively, a 3-manifold) means a submanifold of a thickened surface (respectively, a 3-manifold) which is diffeomorphic to a disjoint collection of circles.

We define the Khovanov–Lipshitz–Sarkar stable homotopy type and the Steenrod square for the homotopical Khovanov homology of links in thickened surfaces with genus [Formula: see text].

Our Khovanov–Lipshitz–Sarkar stable homotopy type and our Steenrod square of links in thickened surfaces with genus [Formula: see text] are stronger than the homotopical Khovanov homology of links in thickened surfaces with genus [Formula: see text]. It is the first meaningful Khovanov–Lipshitz–Sarkar stable homotopy type of links in 3-manifolds other than the 3-sphere. We point out that our theory has a different feature in the torus case.
The Septoriablotch of spring wheat leaves and ears is one of the most economically significant infections in the Siberian region. In the control systems of Septoriablotch the main ecologically safe element is resistant varieties, which are designed to slow down the pathogens reproduction rate and slow down or stop the development of the epiphytotic process. The purpose of the work was to clarify the species composition of Septoriablotch pathogens for West Siberian regions and spring wheat varieties, to study the epiphytotic process of Septoriadifferentially on the leaves and ears of varieties, and to evaluate the activity of seed transmission of Parastagonospora nodorum. Studies were carried out in 2016–2018 according to generally accepted methods. Septorialeaf and ear blotch of spring wheat is widespread in West Siberia and the Trans-Urals, causing a decrease in yield by up to 50 % or more with the deterioration in grain quality. The causative agents of the disease are P. nodorum, Septoria tritici, and P. avenaef. sp. triticae, and the species ratio varied across the regions and varieties, and within plant organs. In Novosibirsk Region, P. nodorumcompletely dominated; S. triticiwas 13.8 times less common; and P. avenae f. sp. triticaewas a singleton. In Tyumen Region, the dominance of P. nodorumwas disrupted in some geographic locations by S. triticiand P. avenaef. sp. triticae. In Altai Krai, P. nodorumpredominated at all points studied; S. tritici and P. avenaef. sp. triticaewere found everywhere, but 5.6 and 8.6 times less often, respectively. The study of spring wheat varieties of different origins has not revealed any samples immune to Septoriablotch. A differen tiated manifestation of resistance to Septorialeaf and ear disease has been established. Some varieties show complex resistance, combining reduced susceptibility to Septorialeaf and ear disease. Seed infection with P. nodorumin the regions of Siberia reached 7 thresholds and was largely (52.5 %) determined by the August weather conditions. The study of the collection of spring wheat varieties from three Siberian regions has revealed the following trend. Transmission of P. nodorumwith the seeds of varieties was the most active (7.6 %) in Novosibirsk Region and somewhat weaker in Omsk Region (5.7 %). The most favorable phytosanitary situation was in Kurgan Region, where varieties transmitted P. nodorumto a low degree (2.1 %), below the threshold.
To design an effective and safe vaccine against betacoronaviruses, it is necessary to use their evolutionarily conservative antigenic determinants that will elicit the combination of strong humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. Targeting such determinants minimizes the risk of antibody-dependent enhancement of viral infection. This phenomenon was observed in animal trials of experimental vaccines against SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV that were developed based on inactivated coronavirus or vector constructs expressing the spike protein (S) of the virion. The substitution and glycosylation of certain amino acids in the antigenic determinants of the S-protein, as well as its conformational changes, can lead to the same effect in a new experimental vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. Using more conservative structural and accessory viral proteins for the vaccine antigenic determinants will help to avoid this problem. This review outlines approaches for developing vaccines against the new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus that are based on non-pathogenic viral vectors. For efficient prevention of infections caused by respiratory pathogens the ability of the vaccine to stimulate mucosal immunity in the respiratory tract is important. Such a vaccine can be developed using non-pathogenic Sendai virus vector, since it can be administered intranasally and induce a mucosal immune response that strengthens the antiviral barrier in the respiratory tract and provides reliable protection against infection.
Production of welded bimetallic structures of titanium and steel using a laser beam is a very urgent and important task in the shipbuilding, airspace and power engineering. Laser welding using an intermediate insert is one of the ways to solve this problem.

In this paper, we present the results of experimental studies of formation of the structure and properties of composite insert, obtained by explosion welding, after its application at laser welding steel with titanium. A study of a four-layer composite insert obtained by explosion welding showed that it has no brittle intermetallic phases and defects in the form of cracks and pores. The boundaries between the plates to be welded in the composite insert have a characteristic wavy structure with narrow zones of mutual diffusion penetration of elements of the adjacent metals.

It is established that the strength of the composite insert is comparable with the maximum strength of Grade 4 alloy, and the destruction of the product during the tensile tests in most cases occurred along the weakest component of the composite insert, i.e. the copper layer, whose strength was significantly increased due to the hardening that took place in the explosion welding.
A model of a liquid bridge that appears in a gap between two cylinders, inclined to the horizon, is developed. The shapes of the free surface of the bridges are calculated by the hydrostatic equations. The forces acting on the cylinders are determined. The velocity field in the current bridge flow is calculated by the method of boundary elements from the Navier–Stokes equation reduced to the Laplace equation. The volumetric flow rates of the liquid in the inclined bridge are calculated. For liquid flows in narrow gaps, an approximate model is constructed and the results are compared with the calculations obtained by the boundary element method.
The paper deals with experimental investigations of the surface perturbation effects on the flame propagation velocity along the surface of the liquid.

The experiments were conducted to elucidate the mechanism of flame propagation.

It is revealed that at low velocities the effect is quite significant. Under certain conditions the flame even stabilizes for some time. However, it was impossible to determine expressly the flame propagation mechanism along the surface, because this requires visualization of gas flows.
We have synthesized the novel complexes cis-[Ru(NO)Py2Cl2(OH)] and cis-[Ru(NO)Py2Cl2(H2O)]Cl

that can be potential photoactive and bioactive materials.
Background. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common type of heart rhythm disturbance, leading to the development of lifethreatening conditions, such as cardio embolism, heart failure, and even sudden cardiac death. In recent years, the genetic aspects of AF have been actively discussed. The largest number of genetic predictors of AF was identified after a full genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Given that so far no studies of the association of rs10824026 polymorphism of chromosome 10q22 with the development of AF have been conducted in the Russian population, we conducted this clinical study.

Aim. Checking the associations of the development of AF with the single-nucleotide polymorphism rs10824026 of the SYNPO2L gene in the East-Siberian population. Materials and methods. The study design was formed in accordance with the National Standard of the Russian Federation Good Clinical Practice, GOST P 52379-2005. The study uses design - “case-control”. The main group of patients - patients with known cardiac arrhythmias by the type of AF (n=106, average age 57.0±9 years, men 49.4%, women 50.6%), the group was formed using the criteria of the World Health Organization and the European Society of cardiologists. The control group (n=105, average age 57.0±9 years, men - 50.0%, women - 50.0%) was selected by age and gender from the DNA bank of international studies MONICA (Multinational MONItoring of trends and determinants in cardiovascular disease) under a joint agreement with the Research Institute of Therapy and preventive medicine - Novosibirsk. DNA was isolated by phenol-chloroform extraction. Among other things, among the research methods, routine laboratory methods were used; instrumental data; and invasive tactics such as CAG.

Results. As a result of clinical genetic testing, it was found that the frequency of G/G polymorphism of the SYNPO2L gene in patients with AF shows a statistically significant difference.
Oncolytic adenoviruses are promising therapeutic agents against both the bulk of tumor cells and cancer stem cells. The present study intended to test the oncolytic capability of adenovirus serotype 6 (Ad6), which has a lower seroprevalence and hepatotoxicity relatively to adenovirus 5 (Ad5), against the glioblastoma and its cancer stem cells.Oncolytic efficacy of Ad6 was compared to widespread Ad5 both in vitro and in vivo, using the U87 and U251 human glioblastoma cell lines and subcutaneously transplanted U87 cells in SCID mice, respectively.Ad6 had a dose-dependent cytotoxicity toward glioblastoma cells in vitro and its intratumoral injections lead to a significant (p<0.05) decrease in volume of U87 xenografts, similarly to Ad5. Based on the innate capability of glioblastoma cancer stem cells to internalize a fluorescent-labeled double-stranded DNA probe, the spatial localization of these cells was estimated and it was shown that the number of cancer stem cells tended to decrease under adenovirus therapy as compared to the control group.Ad6 was shown to be a promising agent for treating glioblastomas.
This review considers glioma molecular markers in brain tissues and body fluids, shows the pathways of their formation, and describes traditional methods of analysis. The most important optical properties of glioma markers in the terahertz (THz) frequency range are also presented. New metamaterial-based technologies for molecular marker detection at THz frequencies are discussed. A variety of machine learning methods, which allow the marker detection sensitivity and differentiation of healthy and tumor tissues to be improved with the aid of THz tools, are considered. The actual results on the application of THz techniques in the intraoperative diagnosis of brain gliomas are shown. THz technologies’ potential in molecular marker detection and defining the boundaries of the glioma’s tissue is discussed.
Dark matter particles, if sufficiently light, may be produced in decays of the Higgs boson.

This Letter presents a statistical combination of searches for $H\to\textrm{invisible}$ decays where $H$ is produced according to the Standard Model via vector boson fusion, $Z(\ell\ell)H$, and $W\!/\!Z(\textrm{had})H$, all performed with the ATLAS detector using 36.1 fb$^{-1}$ of $pp$ collisions at a center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt s = 13$ TeV at the LHC.

In combination with the results at $\sqrt s = 7$ and 8 TeV, an exclusion limit on the $H\to\textrm{invisible}$ branching ratio of $0.26 (0.17^{+0.07}_{-0.05})$ at 95% confidence level is observed (expected).
We have searched for the decay ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\phi}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ using the full Belle data set of $772\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}$ $B\overline{B}$ pairs collected at the $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}(4\text{S})$ resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collider. No signal is observed, and we set an upper limit on the branching fraction of $\mathcal{B}({B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\phi}\ensuremath{\gamma})<1.0\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}7}$ at the 90% confidence level. This is the most stringent limit on this decay mode to date.
The processes γγ → ωϕ, ϕϕ, and ωω are measured using an 870 fb(-1) data sample collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e+ e- collider.

Production of vector meson pairs is clearly observed and their cross sections are measured for masses that range from threshold to 4.0 GeV. In addition to signals from well established spin-zero and spin-two charmonium states, there are resonant structures below charmonium threshold, which have not been previously observed.

We report a spin-parity analysis for the new structures and determine the products of the η(c), χ(c0), and χ(c2) two-photon decay widths and branching fractions to ωϕ, ϕϕ, and ωω.