Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
The validity of the use of a subjective-objective indicator of health as a significant indicator of its association with the prevalence of coronary artery disease is shown in both domestic and foreign scientific literature. At the same time, the subjective-objective indicator of health, and first of all, the attitude to one's health, is recognized as an indicator of a lifestyle that establishes the interpretation of conventional risk factors for coronary artery disease and interest in preventive measures at the population level. Purpose: to determine the attitude towards one's health in the age range and in groups with and without coronary artery disease in an open population of a medium-urbanized city of Western Siberia in terms of gender. Material and methods. Cross–sectional studies were carried out in the framework of two cardiac screenings on unorganized subpopulations of men and women 25–64 years old in Tyumen (with responses 85.0 and 70.3 %, respectively). The isolation of various forms of coronary heart disease was carried out on the basis of standard epidemiological methods, the comparison group was defined as the absence of coronary heart disease. The attitude of the population to their health was established using a rigidly standardized WHO questionnaire MONICApsychosocial «Knowledge and attitude to the health». Results. In the open population of a moderately urbanized city of Western Siberia, with a predominance among women, a low level of attitude towards their health was established, the prevalence of low responsibility for their health in the gender aspect took place in the third, fourth and sixth decades of life. Negative attitudes towards their health among persons of both sexes were determined mainly in groups with CHD; in women, the tendency towards a decrease in responsibility for their health was more pronounced than in men. Conclusion. When planning a preventive program for the population of a medium-urbanized city of Western Siberia, taking into account the priority impact on the subjective-objective indicator of population health, the implementation of the population strategy will probably not be enough. Taking into consideration the obtained regularities of the growth of negative attitudes towards their health among women, especially in groups with the presence of coronary heart disease, along with the population strategy, it would be optimal to use a high-risk strategy.
The paper reports on some results of the experimental study of flow and pressure pulsations in a laboratory model of the draft tube (DT) of Francis-99 hydro-turbine over a broad range of operating regimes. Velocity distributions at the model inlet varied within 866 modes of the turbine load conditions, including those with maximum coherent pressure pulsations on the model walls. The contact and non-contact methods were used to measure pressure pulsations on the model walls using acoustic sensors and to measure the averaged velocity distribution with a laser Doppler anemometer “LAD-06i”. Analysis of the results have showed that in the model cone there are flow modes with forming of precessing vortex cores, accompanied by a sharp increase in the amplitude of coherent pressure pulsations on the wall and the velocity field rearrangement. It is shown that the vortex core starts forming with an increase in the integral parameter of swirl up to S>0.5. A novelty of the work is the combination of the rapid prototyping (3-d printing) of the inflow swirl generators and computerized measurement techniques that makes it possible to acquire rapidly a large amount of experimental data for a variety of designs and operating conditions. The results can provide insight into the effect of various design and operating parameters on the flow physics, as well as serve for verification of the numerical simulations.
In this research, interaction of liquid microdroplets with the air-vapor flow near the contact line (the three-phase solid - liquid - gas boundary) is studied.

It is shown experimentally that the flight of levitating microdroplets from the wetted surface to the dry one is accompanied by a significant change in the levitation height,

which proves the existence of a zone near the contact line with intense evaporation.
Universal enveloping commutative Rota–Baxter algebras of pre- and post-commutative algebras are constructed.

The pair of varieties (RBλCom, postCom) is proved to be a Poincaré–Birkhoff–Witt-pair (PBW)-pair and the pair (RBCom, preCom) is proven not to be.
The evolution of the artificial wave packet in the supersonic boundary layer of swept wing was experimentally studied for the first time by hot-wire measurements. The localized disturbances were generated by pulse glow discharge.

Analysis of the mean flow, integral dependences, and the averaged waveforms of wave packet in supersonic boundary layer of swept wing has been executed.
The development of efficient and convenient systems for the delivery of nucleic-acid-based drugs into cells is an urgent task. А promising approach is the use of various nanoparticles. Silica nanoparticles can be used as vehicles to deliver nucleic acid fragments into cells.

In this work, we developed a method for the synthesis of silicon–organic (Si–NH 2 ) non-agglomerated nanoparticles by the hydrolysis of aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES). The resulting product forms a clear solution containing nanoparticles in the form of low molecular weight polymer chains with [─Si(OH)(C 3 H 6 NH 2 )O─] monomer units. Oligonucleotides (ODN) were conjugated to the prepared Si–NH 2 nanoparticles using the electrostatic interaction between positively charged amino groups of nanoparticles and negatively charged internucleotide phosphate groups in oligonucleotides. The Si–NH 2 nanoparticles and Si–NH 2 ·ODN nanocomplexes were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and IR and electron spectroscopy. The size and zeta potential values of the prepared nanoparticles and nanocomplexes were evaluated.

Oligonucleotides in Si–NH 2 ·ODN complexes retain their ability to form complementary duplexes. The Si–NH 2 Flu nanoparticles and Si–NH 2 ·ODN Flu nanocomplexes were shown by fluorescence microscopy to penetrate into human cells. The Si–NH 2 Flu nanoparticles predominantly accumulated in the cytoplasm whereas ODN Flu complexes were predominantly detected in the cellular nuclei. The Si–NH 2 ·ODN nanocomplexes demonstrated a high antisense activity against the influenza A virus in a cell culture at a concentration that was lower than their 50% toxic concentration by three orders of magnitude.
This chapter focuses on critical problems of the nature and genesis of human sexuality: the classic concept of different sexual strategies of men and women, primordiality and naturalness of monogamy, the disinterestedness of women in sex, evolutionary 'side effect' of female orgasm.

We present and discuss inescapability of adultery, the diversity of sexual relations in pre-state societies, the revealed mechanisms of competition and selectivity in the anatomy and physiology of male and female reproductive organs. The modern versions of the adaptive significance, functions of the female orgasm deserve particular attention. Neither 'egoistic' explanations (retention of a partner and 'hunting' for good genes) nor esthetic ones (self-value of pleasure) are sufficient.

The evolutionary hypothesis explains the genesis of emotional and sexual syncretism in women and the 'cleavage' (dualism) of male sexuality. Women's feelings toward men come from girls' love and commitment to fathers and older men as protectors. Their feelings toward mothers remain intact: close relationships and at least partial identification with mothers remain in the majority. In boys, the original love for mothers inevitably suffers a crisis both in phylogeny through sexual selection, masculine culture, and in ontogeny through negative reinforcement.
using the molecular dynamics method, we investigated the impact interaction of a spherical cluster of 3C-SiC silicon carbide with a rigid wall at a wide range of velocities

The influence of cluster size on the fracture process was analyzed
Актуальность работы обусловлена тем, что исследование фракционирования лантаноидов и иттрия (РЗЭ+Y) по формам в хлоридно-сульфатно-карбонатных флюидах в щелочных и слабокислых условиях позволяет оценить влияние параметров рудообразующей среды на транспорт редкоземельных элементов в процессе рудогенеза в пределах карбонатитовых рудно-магматических систем.

Методы: расчетное моделирование воздействия гидротермальных флюидов на монацит и кальцит с использованием пакета HCh (разработчик Ю.В. Шваров). Для установления состояния равновесия в алгоритме программы использован метод определения минимума свободной энергии Гиббса системы (программа GIBBS) в комплексе с термодинамической базой UNITHERM, дополненной экспериментальными результатами для РЗЭ-комплексов и минералов.

Результаты. Приведено распределение РЗЭ+Y по формам в охлаждающихся хлоридно-сульфатно-карбонатных высококонцентрированных слабокислых и слабощелочных флюидах. Показано, что в слабощелочных условиях лидирующими оказываются нейтральный и второй гидроксокомплексы вплоть до 200 °С. При понижении температуры до 100 °С РЗЭ+Y обнаруживаются в форме карбонатного и второго фторокомплекса (Ln, Y)F2+. В слабокислых условиях резко преобладают сульфатные комплексы лантаноидов во всем исследованном интервале параметров флюида. При возрастании номера лантаноида (особенно для тяжелых РЗЭ) усиливается роль фторидных комплексов с уменьшением вклада сульфатных комплексов.
We imaged the transport of current-induced spin coherence in a two-dimensional electron gas confined in a triple quantum well. Nonlocal Kerr rotation measurements, based on the optical resonant amplification of the electrically-induced polarization, revealed a large spatial variation of the electron $g$ factor and the efficient generation of a current-controlled spin-orbit field in a macroscopic Hall bar device. We observed coherence times in the nanoseconds range transported beyond half-millimeter distances in a direction transverse to the applied electric field. The measured long spin transport length can be explained by two material properties: large mean free path for charge diffusion in clean systems and enhanced spin-orbit coefficients in the triple well.
The indigenous populations of inner Eurasia, a huge geographic region covering the central Eurasian steppe and the northern Eurasian taiga and tundra, harbor tremendous diversity in their genes, cultures and languages. In this study, we report novel genome-wide data for 763 individuals from Armenia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Mongolia, Russia, Tajikistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. We furthermore report genome-wide data of two Eneolithic individuals (∽5,400 years before present) associated with the Botai culture in northern Kazakhstan. We find that inner Eurasian populations are structured into three distinct admixture clines stretching between various western and eastern Eurasian ancestries. This genetic separation is well mirrored by geography. The ancient Botai genomes suggest yet another layer of admixture in inner Eurasia that involves Mesolithic hunter-gatherers in Europe, the Upper Paleolithic southern Siberians and East Asians. Admixture modeling of ancient and modern populations suggests an overwriting of this ancient structure in the Altai-Sayan region by migrations of western steppe herders, but partial retaining of this ancient North Eurasian-related cline further to the North. Finally, the genetic structure of Caucasus populations highlights a role of the Caucasus Mountains as a barrier to gene flow and suggests a post-Neolithic gene flow into North Caucasus populations from the steppe.
Particle-laden flow in 3D supersonic micronozzle with rectangular cross-section and side walls convergent/divergent in both lateral and transversal direction is studied numerically using a one-way coupled Eulerian/Lagrangian approach. The carrier gas flow is simulated numerically on the basis of the Navier-Stokes equations and then is used to calculate the particles trajectories. It is shown that a collimated beam of particles can be produced using the effect of aerodynamic focusing and the beam collimation is observed in two different ranges of particle sizes. Obtained results are consistent with previously obtained data for plane and axisymmetrical nozzles.
Various catalytic antibodies or abzymes (Abzs) have been detected recently in the sera of patients and animals with many autoimmune diseases, where their presence is most probably associated with autoimmunization. Normal humans or animals usually do not contain Abzs. In contrast, polyclonal Abzs from healthy humans and animals have an intrinsic superoxide dismutase activity and catalyze formation of H 2 O 2 (Wentworth et al., 2000, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA ; 2001, Science ).

Here, we present the first evidence showing that highly purified native IgGs from the sera of healthy Wistar rats interact with H 2 O 2 and possess peroxidase‐like activity. Specific peroxidase activity of IgG preparations from the sera of 10 rats varied in the range 1.6–27% as compared with that for horseradish peroxidase (100%).

Antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutases, catalases, and glutathione peroxidases are known to represent critical defence mechanisms for preventing oxidative modifications of DNA, proteins, and lipids. Antioxidant peroxidase activity of Abzs can also play an important role in the protection of organisms from oxidative stress as well as in oxidation of toxic compounds.
Mutations in GJB2 gene are a major causes of deafness and their spectrum and prevalence are specific for various populations. The well-known mutation c.35delG is more frequent in populations of Caucasian origin. Data on the c.35delG prevalence in Russia are mainly restricted to the European part of this country. According to a generally accepted hypothesis, c.35delG originated from a common ancestor in the Middle East or the Mediterranean ~ 10,000-14,000 years ago and spread throughout Europe with Neolithic migrations.

We aimed to estimate the carrier frequency of c.35delG in Western Siberia and thereby update current data on the c.35delG prevalence in Russia. To test the c.35delG common origin hypothesis, we have reconstructed haplotypes bearing c.35delG and evaluated the approximate age of c.35delG in Siberia.The carrier frequency of c.35delG was estimated in 122 unrelated hearing individuals living in Western Siberia. For reconstruction of haplotypes bearing c.35delG, polymorphic D13S141, D13S175, D13S1853 flanking the GJB2 gene, and intragenic rs3751385 were genotyped in deaf patients homozygous for c.35delG (n = 24) and in unrelated healthy individuals negative for c.35delG (n = 67) living in Siberia.

We present updated carrier rates for c.35delG in Russia complemented by new data on c.35delG carrier frequency in Russians living in Western Siberia (4.1%). Two common D13S141-c.35delG-D13S175-D13S1853 haplotypes, 126-c.35delG-105-202 and 124-c.35delG-105-202, were reconstructed in the c.35delG homozygotes from Siberia. Moreover, identical allelic composition of the two most frequent c.35delG haplotypes restricted by D13S141 and D13S175 was established in geographically remote regions: Siberia and Volga-Ural region (Russia) and Belarus (Eastern Europe).Distribution of the c.35delG carrier frequency in Russia is characterized by pronounced ethno-geographic specificity with a downward trend from west to east. Comparative analysis of the c.35delG haplotypes supports a common origin of c.35delG in some regions of Russia (Volga-Ural region and Siberia) and in Eastern Europe (Belarus). A rough estimation of the c.35delG age in Siberia (about 4800 to 8100 years ago) probably reflects the early formation stages of the modern European population (including the European part of the contemporary territory of Russia) since the settlement of Siberia by Russians started only at the end of sixteenth century.
In modern concepts, the upper mantle of the Earth is a highly viscous incompressible liquid, and its flow is described using the Navier – Stokes equations in the Oberbeck – Boussinesq and geodynamic approximations. Convective flows in the upper mantle play a decisive role in the kinematics of lithospheric plates and the geological history of continental regions.

Mathematical modeling is a basic method for studying convective processes in the mantle. Our paper presents a numerical model of convection, which is based on the implicit artificial compressibility method. This model is tested in detail by comparing our calculation results with the results of a well-known international test. It is demonstrated that the Fedorenko grids sequence method is highly efficient and reduces the computing time almost by a factor of eight. The numerical model is generalized in order to state the problem in a spherical system of coordinates. It is used to analyse the distribution of convective flows in the upper mantle underneath the Eurasian continent.

The analysis shows that the thickness and geometrical parameters of the lithospheric blocks are the factors of significant influence on the distribution of convective flows in the upper mantle. The resulting structure of convective flows is manifested in the surface topography of large platform areas wherein the lithosphere thickness is increased. Thus, the locations of extended downward convection flows under the East European and Siberian platforms are clearly comparable to syneclises observed in the study area.
Given a graph G = ( V , E ), two vertices s , t ∈ V , and two integers k , ℓ , the Short Secluded Path problem is to find a simple s ‐ t ‐path with at most k vertices and ℓ neighbors.

We study the parameterized complexity of the problem with respect to four structural graph parameters: the vertex cover number, treewidth, feedback vertex number, and feedback edge number. In particular, we completely settle the question of the existence of problem kernels with size polynomial in these parameters and their combinations with k and ℓ .

We also obtain a 2 O (tw) · ℓ 2 · n ‐time algorithm for n ‐vertex graphs of treewidth tw, which yields subexponential‐time algorithms in several graph classes.
Wolbachia symbionts are maternally inherited bacteria that are widely distributed among Arthropoda hosts. Wolbachia influence their host biology in diverse ways. They may induce reproductive abnormalities, protect hosts against pathogens and parasites, or benefit hosts through metabolic provisioning. The progeny of an infected female are ordinarily infected with Wolbachia; however, Wolbachia have no future in male host progeny because they cannot transmit the symbiont to the next generation. Here, we analyze native and invasive populations of the four-eyed fir bark beetle (Polygraphus proximus) for Wolbachia prevalence and symbiont genetic diversity. This species is a dangerous pest of Siberian fir (Abies sibirica) forests. The native range of P. proximus includes the territories of the Russian Far East, Japan, Korea, and Northeast China, whereas its invasive range includes West Siberia, with further expansion westward. Surprisingly, we revealed a difference in the patterns of Wolbachia prevalence for males and females. Infection rate and Wolbachia titers were higher in females than in males. ST-533, the only haplotype of Wolbachia supergroup B, was associated with a minimum of three out of the five described mitochondrial haplotypes.
Basic ideas of socio-cognitive approach are considered. This approach explains the moral personality from the viewpoint of availability of cognitive schemas. The results of testing the experimental model of D. Narvaez, D. Lapsley, S. Hagele and B. Lasky on Russian sample are presented. Primary trait inference method was used to determine if people with availability of moral schemas were more likely to make spontaneous inferences about moral qualities than people with availability of other types of schemas. The obtained results of the study coincided with the results of D. Narvaez et al. in conclusion that availability of moral constructions affects the processing of social information. People with a greater availability of moral schemas were more likely to make spontaneous inferences about moral qualities than people more oriented on other cognitive schemas.
Barium hexaferrite powder samples with grains in the μm-range were obtained from solid-state sintering, and crystals with sizes up to 5 mm grown from PbO, Na2CO3, and BaB2O4 fluxes, respectively.

Carbonate and borate fluxes provide the largest and structurally best crystals at significantly lower growth temperatures of 1533 K compared to flux-free synthesis (1623 K). The maximum synthesis temperature can be further reduced by the application of PbO-containing fluxes (down to 1223 K upon use of 80 at % PbO), however, Pb-substituted crystals Ba1–xPbxFe12O19 with Pb contents in the range of 0.23(2) ≤ x ≤ 0.80(2) form, depending on growth temperature and flux PbO content.

The degree of Pb-substitution has only a minor influence on unit cell and magnetic parameters, although the values for Curie temperature, saturation magnetization, as well as the coercivity of these samples are significantly reduced in comparison with those from samples obtained from the other fluxes. Due to the lowest level of impurities, the samples from carbonate flux show superior quality compared to materials obtained using other methods.
At extreme pressures and temperatures common materials form new dense phases with compacted atomic arrangements.

By classical molecular dynamics simulation we observe that FCC copper undergo phase transformation to BCC structure. The transition occurs under shock wave loading at the pressures above 80 GPa and corresponding temperatures above 2000 K. We calculate phase diagram, show that at these pressures and low temperature FCC phase of copper is still stable and discuss the thermodynamic reason for phase transformation at high temperature shock wave regime. Titanium forms new hexagonal phase at high pressure as well. We calculate the structure of shock wave in titanium and observe that shock front splits in three parts: elastic, plastic and phase transformation.

The possibility of using a phase transition behind a shock wave with further unloading for designing nanocrystalline materials with a reduced grain size is also shown.
A new approach to the treatment of cancer is suggested, based on the innate overproduction of hydrogen peroxide in cancer cells. Hydrogen peroxide serves as a prodrug in the presence of transition metal ions, such as iron delivered by ferrocene.

Under the effect of ferrocene, hydrogen peroxide is split into hydroxyl anions and highly reactive hydroxyl radicals. The latter cause oxidative DNA damage, which induces apoptosis, leading to elimination of cancer cells. Tamoxifen, a drug that interacts with oestrogen receptors, was used as a carrier to deliver ferrocene to breast cancer cells. For this aim tamoxifen conjugated to ferrocene (Tam-Fer) was synthesized. We have shown that the frequency of apoptotic events in MCF-7 breast cancer cells treated with Tam-Fer is significantly higher than in cells treated with tamoxifen or ferrocene separately. The increase of apoptosis correlates well with the rise in generation of reactive oxygen species in cancer cells.

These results show that the hydrogen peroxide overproduced in tumour cells can serve as a prodrug for the treatment of cancer.
The layer of 32 nm Fe3Si was deposited onto Si(111) substrate by molecular beam epitaxy at 260 °C. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements demonstrated that the film thickness increases by ∼19 % at 350 °C annealing without changing the phase composition.

The polycrystalline -FeSi sublayer was formed on the interface at 450 °C annealing. Further annealing at 550 °C led to the ∼ 80 nm polycrystalline film formation containing the crystallites of -FeSi, Fe5Si3, and β-FeSi2 phases.