Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
The high-energy potential of wastewater sewage sludge (SS) produced in large amounts around the world makes it an attractive feedstock for fuels and energy sectors. Thermochemical valorization relying on pyrolysis of SS followed by hydrotreatment of pyrolysis oil (Py-SS) might even allow the integration of SS into existing oil refineries.

In the present study, catalytic hydrotreatment of Py-SS was performed over a NiCuMo-P-SiO2 catalyst in a batch reactor at temperatures in the range of 200–390 °C. Due to sulfur presence in the feed, the increasing reaction temperature induced in situ transformation of metallic Ni into Ni3S2 in the catalyst. In contrast, the Ni3P active phase possessed remarkable stability even at the harshest reaction conditions.

The oxygen content in the reaction products was decreased by 59%, while up to 52% of N and 89% of S were removed at 390 °C. The content of free fatty acids was greatly reduced by their conversion to n-alkanes, while the larger amount of volatile aromatics was generated from high molecular mass compounds. The quality of oil-derived products greatly changed at elevated temperatures, providing strong evidence of effective upgrading via decarboxy(ny)lation, hydrogenation, and hydrocracking transformations.
During recent years, the BODIPY core became a popular scaffold for designing photoremovable protecting groups (PPG).

In this paper, we report the synthesis of a new molecule—8-[4-(2-hydroxypropane-2-yl)phenyl]-1,3,4,4,5,7-hexamethyl-4-boron-3a,4a-diaza-S-indacene—by the treatment of meso-(4-CO2Me-phenyl)-BODIPY with excess of MeMgI. The product was characterized by 1H, 13C NMR and HRMS.

The combination of BODIPY core with tertiary benzilyc alcohol might be promising for utilizing this molecule as visible light removable PPG.
We present a model-independent approach for New Physics searches in ultraperipheral collisions at the LHC. The case of long-lived charged particles is considered and it is shown that it is possible to find them even with the already available LHC data.
The study of the gene polymorphism of the system of biotransformation of xenobiotics is an important area of modern medical and genetic research. The aim of this work is to study the frequency of the alleles of the CYP1A1 (A2455G (*2C), rs1048943), CYP2D6 (A2549del (*3), rs35742686); G1846A (*4), rs3892097) genes of Teleuts (n = 115), Eastern Buryats (n = 132), Western Buryats (n = 280), their Métis (n = 56), and Russians of East Siberia (n = 122). Genotyping was performed using real-time PCR with competitive TaqMan allele-specific probes. The frequency of the CYP1A1*2C (2455G) allele was 28.8 % in the Eastern Buryat, 34.6 % in the Western Buryat, 16.7 % in the Teleut, and 31.3 % in the Métis cohort. The frequency of CYP1A1*2C (2455G) in the Russians of Eastern Siberia (4.1 %) corresponds to the frequency range found in European populations. A high-frequency occurrence of CYP1A1*2C (2455G) among Buryats and Teleuts may be indicative of a higher population-wide risk of diseases influenced by technogenic pollutants – substrates of CYP1A1. The CYP2D6*3 (2549del) allele was not detected in cohorts of indigenous populations, among Russians it was 0.4 %, and it was 2.7 % among Métis. The frequency of CYP2D6*4 (1846A) in Eastern and Western Buryats was 5.3 % and 4.3 %, respectively, for Teleuts it was 7.4 %. It was significantly higher in the Russian population (12 %), and among Métis (9.8 %). The obtained data makes it possible to predict a reduced risk of side effects of drugs and cancer associated with CYP2D6*3 (2549del) and CYP2D6*4 (1846A) in the Buryat and Teleut populations. However, metisation introduces new polymorphic variants into indigenous populations, shifts gene frequencies and changes the degree of risks.
By the example of diesel fuel, the combustion of liquid hydrocarbon fuel in a burner device with a forced controlled steam supply is experimentally studied. Spraying of liquid fuel is provided as a result of its interaction with a high-speed jet of superheated steam, without fuel contact with the atomizer. This method of dispersion has significant technological advantages in the use of substandard liquid fuels. These are associated with the prevention of clogging of the atomizer and fuel supply channels, which improves the performance and reliability of the burner device. The composition of combustion products and the specific heat power are studied in a wide range of changes of the operating parameters of the burner device (steam flow rate and fuel consumption). The regimes under which high fuel combustion completeness is ensured at low content of harmful emissions in gaseous reaction products have been found.
Purpose. To study transforming growth factors – beta 1,2,3 (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, TGF-β3) in intraocular aqueous humor (AH) of patients with the advanced stage of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). Material and methods. The study included an examination of 56 patients with advanced stage of POAG which comprised the main group. The diagnosis of POAG was confirmed based on ophthalmological examination. The control group consisted of 30 patients with uncomplicated cataract. TGF-β isoforms concentrations were detected by flow fluorimetry using Bio-Plex Pro™ TGF-β 3-plex Assay and double-beam laser analyzer Bio-Plex 200, Bio-Rad, USA. Three isoforms of TGF-β (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, TGF-β3) were simultaneously detected in AH. Results. The study revealed a significant increase of TGF-β isoforms concentrations in AH of the advanced POAG compared to AH of the group with uncomplicated cataract: TGF-β1 (3.1 times higher), TGF-β2 (1.4 times) and TGF-β3 (6.9 times). The following direct significant correlations were found: between TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 (r=0.41, p<0.03), between TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 (r=0.83, p<0.004), and between TGF-β2 and TGF-β3 (r=0.35, p<0.04). Conclusion. We determined a simultaneous increase of concentrations of the studied representatives of super-family transforming growth factors, which have an anti-inflammatory activity, potential to stimulate proliferation, cellular growth, synthesis of proteins of extracellular matrix, etc. These results prove their importance in the POAG pathogenesis.
A bstract The angular distribution and differential branching fraction of the decay B + → K + μ + μ − are studied with a dataset corresponding to 1.0fb −1 of integrated luminosity, collected by the LHCb experiment. The angular distribution is measured in bins of dimuon invariant mass squared and found to be consistent with Standard Model expectations. Integrating the differential branching fraction over the full dimuon invariant mass range yields a total branching fraction of $ \mathcal{B} $ ( B + → K + μ + μ − ) = (4 . 36 ± 0 . 15 ± 0 . 18) × 10 −7 . These measurements are the most precise to date of the B + → K + μ + μ − decay.
Currently, the gold standard of plastic material for infrainguinal artery replacement is still autovein, however, not infrequently the necessity for prostheses arises.The review presents the characteristics of xeno-and allogenic prostheses for lower limb arteries, which have been used in vascular surgery worldwide since 1960-ies till the present.

There have been analyzed the clinical results with the bioprostheses, their advantages and disadvantages being discussed.We have studied the evolution of tissue engineering vascular grafts (TEVG), and carried out a critical review of current state of the issue, and presented further paths of its development.

We have shown that the approach based on chemically cross-linked human and animal tissues used for bioprostheses is limited in its further development.
Новосибирский государственный университет Новосибирск, Россия Аннотация В 1978 г. в Китае с началом политики «реформ и открытости» произошло изменение внешнеполитического курса страны.Причина преображения заключалась в смене установок экономического развития государства: полное отрицание частной формы собственности и рыночных отношений, сопровождавшееся определяемым Мао Цзэдуном идеологическим курсом, сменилось постепенным включением капиталистических механизмов в экономику КНР и пропорциональными сдвигами в идеологии, выраженными в фактическом отходе от маоистских установок.Продвигаясь по пути «реформ и открытости», китайское руководство все сильнее использовало средства рыночной экономики, оправдывая очередные изменения новыми идеологическими корректировками политического курса.К 2001 г. значительную часть народного хозяйства Китая уже составлял частный сектор, а страна, вступив в ВТО, оказалась инкорпорирована в международные отношения в качестве представителя рыночной экономики.Превращение частного сектора в локомотив китайской экономики получило обоснование в виде концепции «тройного представительства», предложенной Цзян Цзэминем в 2002 г.Однако несмотря на преобразования политической и экономической деятельности руководством страны де-юре демонстрировалась преемственность по отношению к идеям предыдущих лидеров, фактически же действия правящей элиты исходили из потребностей
The ratio of the electron and muon widths of the $J/\psi$ meson has been measured using direct $J/\psi$ decays in the KEDR experiment at the VEPP-4M electron-positron collider. The result $\Gamma_{ee}(J/\psi)/\Gamma_{\mu\mu}(J/\psi)=1.0022\pm0.0044\pm0.0048\ (0.65\%)$ is in good agreement with the lepton universality. The experience collected during this analysis will be used for a $J/\psi$ lepton width determination with up to 1% accuracy.
The aim of the work was to study jet flows produced by gas-gas ejector with annular primary flow nozzle and central duct for secondary flow in case of its consequent usage as a liquids atomizer.

A complex experimental and numerical study of a coaxial jet has been performed. A set of probe methods for diagnosing flows provides new data on the characteristic of the flow: the effective area of the ejector nozzle critical section, the gas velocity profiles and the ejection coefficient.

Experimental data on the coaxial flows are extremely important for the verification of developing theoretical models of liquid destruction by a gas flow using annular ejectors.
It has been recently demonstrated that multimode solitons are unstable objects which evolve, in the range of hundreds of nonlinearity lengths, into stable single-mode solitons carried by the fundamental mode.

We show experimentally and by numerical simulations that femtosecond multimode solitons composed by non-degenerate modes have unique properties: when propagating in graded-index fibers, their pulsewidth and energy do not depend on the input pulsewidth, but only on input coupling conditions and linear dispersive properties of the fiber, hence on their wavelength.

Because of these properties, spatiotemporal solitons composed by non-degenerate modes with pulsewidths longer than a few hundreds of femtoseconds cannot be generated in graded-index fibers.
The variety of morphology and properties of natural diamonds reflects variations in the conditions of their formation in different mantle environments. This study presents new data on the distribution of impurity centers in diamond type Ib-IaA from xenolith of bimineral eclogite from the Udachnaya kimberlite pipe. The high content of non-aggregated nitrogen C defects in the studied diamonds indicates their formation shortly before the stage of transportation to the surface by the kimberlite melt. The observed sectorial heterogeneity of the distribution of C- and A-defects indicates that aggregation of nitrogen in the octahedral sectors occurs faster than in the cuboid sectors.
Актуальность работы обусловлена тем, что исследование фракционирования лантаноидов и иттрия (РЗЭ+Y) по формам в хлоридно-сульфатно-карбонатных флюидах в щелочных и слабокислых условиях позволяет оценить влияние параметров рудообразующей среды на транспорт редкоземельных элементов в процессе рудогенеза в пределах карбонатитовых рудно-магматических систем. Цель: оценить вклад фторо-, хлоро-, карбонат-бикарбонатных, сульфатных и фосфатных комплексов РЗЭ+Y в транспорте и процессе рудоотложения гидротермальными флюидами в слабокислых и слабощелочных условиях при температуре 500–100 °С и давлении 2000–125 бар. Методы: расчетное моделирование воздействия гидротермальных флюидов на монацит и кальцит с использованием пакета HCh (разработчик Ю.В. Шваров). Для установления состояния равновесия в алгоритме программы использован метод определения минимума свободной энергии Гиббса системы (программа GIBBS) в комплексе с термодинамической базой UNITHERM, дополненной экспериментальными результатами для РЗЭ-комплексов и минералов. Результаты. Приведено распределение РЗЭ+Y по формам в охлаждающихся хлоридно-сульфатно-карбонатных высококонцентрированных слабокислых и слабощелочных флюидах. Показано, что в слабощелочных условиях лидирующими оказываются нейтральный и второй гидроксокомплексы вплоть до 200 °С. При понижении температуры до 100 °С РЗЭ+Y обнаруживаются в форме карбонатного и второго фторокомплекса (Ln, Y)F2+. В слабокислых условиях резко преобладают сульфатные комплексы лантаноидов во всем исследованном интервале параметров флюида. При возрастании номера лантаноида (особенно для тяжелых РЗЭ) усиливается роль фторидных комплексов с уменьшением вклада сульфатных комплексов.
A peculiar branch of biophotonics is a measurement, visualisation and quantitative analysis of infrared (IR) radiation emitted from living object surfaces. Focal plane array (FPA)-based IR cameras make it possible to realize in medicine the so called interventional infrared thermal diagnostics.

An integrated technique aimed at the advancement of this new approach in biomedical science and practice is described in the paper. The assembled system includes a high-performance short-wave (2.45-3.05 μm) or long-wave (8-14 μm) IR camera, two laser Doppler flowmeters (LDF) and additional equipment and complementary facilities implementing the monitoring of human cardiovascular status. All these means operate synchronously. It is first ascertained the relationship between infrared thermography (IRT) and LDF data in humans in regard to their systemic cardiovascular reactivity. Blood supply real-time dynamics in a narcotized patient is first visualized and quantitatively represented during surgery in order to observe how the general hyperoxia influences thermoregulatory mechanisms; an abrupt increase in temperature of the upper limb is observed using IRT.

It is outlined that the IRT-based integrated technique may act as a take-off runway leading to elaboration of informative new methods directly applicable to medicine and biomedical sciences.
The liquid films laying on solid and liquid substrates are considered.

Three-dimensional computer simulations were performed using the lattice Boltzmann equation method (LBM). The rupture of liquid films in computations is initiated via the thermocapillary (Marangoni) effect by applying an initial spatially localized temperature perturbation. We also apply the LBM to simulations of an evolution of one or two holes in liquid films for two-layer systems of immiscible fluids in a rectangular cell.

The rupture scenario is found to depend on the shape of the temperature distribution and on the wettability of the solid substrate. For a wettable solid substrate, complete rupture does not occur: a residual thin liquid film remains at the substrate in the region of pseudo-rupture. For a non-wettable solid substrate, a sharp-peaked axisymmetric temperature distribution induces the rupture at the center of symmetry where the temperature is maximal. Axisymmetric temperature distribution with a flat-peaked temperature profile initiates rupture of the liquid film along a circle at some distance from the center of symmetry. The outer boundary of the rupture expands, while the inner liquid disk transforms into a toroidal figure and ultimately into an oscillating droplet. The computed patterns are successfully compared against the results of experimental visualizations. Both the experiments and the simulations demonstrate that the initially circular holes evolved in the rectangular cell undergoing drastic changes of their shape under the effects of the surface tension and gravity. In the case of two interacting holes, the disruption of the liquid bridge separating two holes is experimentally observed and numerically simulated.
Background.Sperm morphology defects are considered to indicate several spermiogenesis anomalies, resulting in decreased men fertility, causing not only poor sperm morphology but also increased DNA fragmentation, chromatin condensation defects, increased oxidative stress. Consequently, detailed assessment of sperm morphological abnormalities in additional to counting percentage of sperm with normal morphology may be useful for andrologists and reproductive biologists. However, a little attention is paid to studying a regional and especially ethnic variability in the incidence of the sperm morphology defects.

Methods.Male volunteers of Buryat (n=195), Yakut (n=130), and Slavic (n=89) ethnicity from the general population from Ulan-Ude and Yakutsk at least 5 years were enrolled in the study. Percentages of sperm morphological defects (according to the classification provided by the WHO laboratory manual, 2010) are counted after staining native ejaculate smears by Diff-Quick kits.

Results.Among sperm defect, amorphous (62.25±12.18%), elongated (10.61±8.62%), pyriform(8.61±9.17%), and vacuolated heads (10.31±6.77%), abnormal acrosome (20.43±12.67%), asymmetrical insertion neck (18.33±6,43%), thick midpiece (6.21±3,41%), bent head (5.94±4,02%) and coiled tail (10.8±6.79%) were most frequent. In comparison with Buryats, Slavs and Yakuts were characterized by the decreased proportion sperm with normal morphology, the increased proportion of pyriform, elongated heads, abnormal acrosome, asymmertical tail insertion, excessive residual cytoplasm and increased teratozoospermia index (TZI). It was shown that impared progressive sperm motility and concentration associated with decreased percentage of sperm with normal morphology and increased proportion most of sperm morphology defects and TZI. However, increasing TZI in men with oligoastenozoospermia compared to men with astenozoospermia was revealed for Buryats only, suggesting ethnic features in the relationships between sperm morphology and concentration.Conclusion.The present study showed significant coordinated ethnic variability in the percentages of several sperm morphological defects in men from the general population located in Eastern Siberia. Damaged spermiogenesis processes underlying sperm head elongation and tail formation is considered to be significant contributors to geographical and ethnic variability of sperm morphology in men from the studied populations.
The research on strain-, sex-, and stress-specific differences in structural and functional connectivity of the brain is important for elucidating various behavioral features and etiologies of psychiatric disorders. Socially impaired BTBR mice are considered a model of autism spectrum disorders.

Here we present high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging data from the brain of 89 adolescent mice (C57BL/6J and BTBR) in axial, sagittal, and coronal views. The study [1] includes both females and males differed in early-life experience (normally reared or subjected to prolonged maternal separation: 3 h daily from postnatal day 2 to 15). The MRI data were obtained on a horizontal tomograph Biospec 117/16 instrument with a magnetic field strength of 11.7 T. Thus, multislice Turbo RARE T2-weighted images of the brain were captured in eight groups of mice.

Altogether, these data allow to evaluate strain-, sex-, and stress-specific alterations in the volumes of various brain structures and to better understand the relation between brain structural differences and behavioral abnormalities.
Today, there is a revolutionary development of microchannel systems. In such systems, it is extremely important to determine the two-phase flow regime, depending on the gas and liquid flow rates. The two-phase flow in the microchannel is affected by many factors, such as the parameters of the initial section, the geometry and dimensions of the channel, the properties of the channel surfaces and liquid. In the present study, we have investigated a two-phase flow in a microchannel with a height of 50 μm and a width of 20 mm. It is shown that, with an increase in the size of the liquid nozzle, the film regimes are replaced by pulsating ones in the investigated range of gas and liquid flow rates. The characteristic frequencies of pulsations, their duration and delays are studied, depending on the superficial velocities of the gas and liquid. It is shown that the duration of the pulsation is mainly influenced by the gas flow rate, and the delay between them – by the liquid flow rate.
The Vlasov-Poisson kinetic equations describe the dynamics of point masses in a self-consistent gravitational field. For example, these equations describe clusters of stars, galaxies or interstellar gas, large-scale processes in the Universe. For stationary solutions to the Vlasov-Poisson kinetic equations, a sufficient stability condition has already been obtained previously. However, it has not been conversed until now (neither for small perturbations, nor, especially, for finite ones). The Vlasov-Poisson kinetic equations are related to equations of hydrodynamic type, for which, in turn, there are methods for conversing sufficient stability conditions (at least, in the linear approximation). In this paper, absolute instability for spatial dynamic equilibrium states of Vlasov-Poisson gas with respect to small three-dimensional (3D) perturbations will be proved by the direct Lyapunov method.
Human alkyladenine DNA glycosylase (AAG) protects DNA from alkylated and deaminated purine lesions. AAG flips out the damaged nucleotide from the double helix of DNA and catalyzes the hydrolysis of the N-glycosidic bond to release the damaged base. To understand better, how the step of nucleotide eversion influences the overall catalytic process, we performed a pre-steady-state kinetic analysis of AAG interaction with specific DNA-substrates, 13-base pair duplexes containing in the 7th position 1-N6-ethenoadenine (εA), hypoxanthine (Hx), and the stable product analogue tetrahydrofuran (F). The combination of the fluorescence of tryptophan, 2-aminopurine, and 1-N6-ethenoadenine was used to record conformational changes of the enzyme and DNA during the processes of DNA lesion recognition, damaged base eversion, excision of the N-glycosidic bond, and product release. The thermal stability of the duplexes characterized by the temperature of melting, Tm, and the rates of spontaneous opening of individual nucleotide base pairs were determined by NMR spectroscopy. The data show that the relative thermal stability of duplexes containing a particular base pair in position 7, (Tm(F/T) < Tm(εA/T) < Tm(Hx/T) < Tm(A/T)) correlates with the rate of reversible spontaneous opening of the base pair. However, in contrast to that, the catalytic lesion excision rate is two orders of magnitude higher for Hx-containing substrates than for substrates containing εA, proving that catalytic activity is not correlated with the stability of the damaged base pair. Our study reveals that the formation of the catalytically competent enzyme-substrate complex is not the bottleneck controlling the catalytic activity of AAG.