Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Disease resistance is an important characteristic for each variety of potato, and the search for pathogen resistance markers is one of the primary tasks of plant breeding. Higher plants possess a wide spectrum of enzymes catalyzing the hydrolysis of nucleic acids; it is believed that protection against pathogens is the most probable function of the enzymes. RNases are actively involved in several immune systems of higher plants, for example, systemic acquired resistance (SAR) and genetic silencing, hence RNase activity in plant leaves, as a relatively easily measured parameter, can serve as a good marker for the selection of pathogen resistant varieties.

We have analyzed sixteen varieties of potatoes permitted for use on the territory of the Russian Federation and tested the correlation of the level of variety-specific ribonuclease (RNase) activity with such economically valuable traits as maturity and resistance to viruses, late blight and common scab. In general, the level of RNase activity was variety-specific, which was confirmed by very small values of average squared error for the majority of tested varieties.

We have detected a statistically significant positive correlation of RNase activity in potato leaves with increased resistance of varieties to phytopathogenic viruses, a negative correlation with resistance to scab and an absence of a significant connection with maturity and resistance to late blight, regardless of the organ affected by the oomycete. Thus, the level of RNase activity in potato leaves can be used as a selective marker for resistance to viruses, while varieties with increased RNase activity should be avoided when selecting resistance to scab.
This article presents the results of experimental and theoretical study of 3D instability of waves in liquid films and rivulets, falling down a vertical plate. The method of laser induced fluorescence was used to obtain instant shapes of three dimensional waves in a liquid films and rivulets and to investigate the regularities of formation of 3D wave patterns. In particular, during 2D-3D wave transition in the film flow, we observed a strong transverse redistribution of liquid leading to the formation of rivulets on the surface of isothermal liquid film, which is a phenomenon not described previously. The results of simulation of 2 D and 3D regular waves in the single rivulet are compared with the authors’ previous experimental data.
The role of linear and nonlinear effects in the process of formation of detonation wave structure is investigated using linear stability analysis and direct numerical simulation. A simple model with a one-step irreversible chemical reaction is considered. For linear stability computations, both the local iterative shooting procedure and the global Chebyshev pseudospectral method are employed. Numerical simulations of 1D pulsating instability are performed using a shock fitting approach based on a 5th order upwind-biased compact-difference discretization and a shock acceleration equation deduced from the Rankine-Hugoniot conditions. A shock capturing WENO scheme of the 5th order is used to simulate propagation of detonation wave in a plane channel. It is shown that the linear analysis predicts correctly the mode dominating on early stages of flow evolution and the size of detonation cells which emerge during these stages. Later, however, when a developed self-reproducing cellular structure forms, the cell size is approximately doubled due to nonlinear effects.
One of the current problems at the interface between neuroscience, biophysics, and computational modeling is the reverse-engineering and reproduction of Caenorhabditis elegans using computer simulation. The aim of our research was to develop the computational models and techniques for solving this problem while participating in the international open science OpenWorm Project. We have suggested models of a typical C. elegans neuron and a pharyngeal muscle cell, which were constructed and optimized using the NEURON simulation environment. The available experimental data about EGL-19 and EXP-2 ion channels allowed the model of a muscle to reproduce the action potential time profile correctly. Also, the model of a neuron reproduces quite accurately the mechanism of neural signal transmission based on passive propagation. We believe our models to be promising for better representing the specifics of various nervous and muscular cell classes when adding the corresponding ion channel models. Moreover, they can be used to construct the networks of such elements.
The genus ElymusL., together with wheat, rye, and barley, belongs to the tribe Triticeae. Apart from its economic value, this tribe is characterized by abundance of polyploid taxa formed in the course of remote hybridization. Single-copy nuclear genes are convenient markers for identification of source genomes incorporated into polyploids.

In the present work, a CAPS-marker is developed to distinguish basic St, H, and Y genomes comprising polyploid genomes of Asiatic species of the genus Elymus. The test is based on electrophoretic analysis of restriction patterns of a PCR-amplified fragment of the gene coding for beta-amylase. There are about 50 Elymusspecies in Russia, and most of them are supposed to possess one of three haplome combinations, StH, StY and StHY. Boreal StH-genomic species endemic for Russia are the least studied. On the basis of nucleotide sequences from public databases, TaqI restrictase was selected, as it produced patterns of restriction fragments specific for St, H, and Y haplomes easily recognizable in agarose gel. A sample of 68 accessions belonging to 32 species was analyzed.

In 15 species, the earlier known genomic constitutions were confirmed, but in E. kamojithis assay failed to reveal the presence of H genome. This unusual H genome was suggested to originate from a different Hordeum species. In 16 species, genomic constitutions were identified for the first time. Fifteen accessions from Asian Russia possessed the genomic constitution StStHH, and E. amurensis, phylogenetically close to the StY-genomic species E. ciliaris, had the genomic constitution StStYY. It is inferred that the center of species diversity of the StH-genomic group is shifted to the north as compared to the center of origin of StY-genomic species, confined to China.
Endothelization of the luminal surface of vascular grafts is required for their long-term functioning. Here, we have cultivated human endothelial cells (HUVEC) on different 3D matrices to assess cell proliferation, gene expression and select the best substrate for endothelization. 3D matrices were produced by electrospinning from solutions of poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), polycaprolactone (PCL), and blends of PCL with gelatin (Gl) in hexafluoroisopropanol. Structure and surface properties of 3D matrices were characterized by SEM, AFM, and sessile drop analysis. Cell adhesion, viability, and proliferation were studied by SEM, Alamar Blue staining, and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay. Gene expression profiling was done on an Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform. Obtained data indicated that 3D matrices produced from PCL with Gl and treated with glutaraldehyde provide the most suitable support for HUVEC adhesion and proliferation. Transcriptome sequencing has demonstrated a minimal difference of gene expression profile in HUVEC cultivated on the surface of these matrices as compared to tissue culture plastic, thus confirming these matrices as the best support for endothelization.
The distance to this supernova has been accurately determined in the standard approach via the cosmic distance ladder and has been found to be 20.4 Mpc.

We demonstrate the applicability of our new method (the Dense Shell Method or DSM) for the determination of astronomical distances by calculating the distance to SN2009ip. Our direct method, assuming the most reasonable parameter values, gives a very close result, namely 20.1+/-0.8 (68% CL) Mpc to SN2009ip.

Our direct method, assuming the most reasonable parameter values, gives a very close result, namely 20.1+/-0.8 (68% CL) Mpc to SN2009ip.
Since, WHO declared eradication of natural smallpox in 1980, Independent Advisory Group on Public Health Implications of Synthetic Biology Technology Related to Smallpox report to the WHO Director-General noted the need to continue developing new low molecular weight agents against variola virus because of a number of reasons, such as discounted vaccination, possibility of smallpox spreading from permafrost solid, bioterrorism, potential danger of other orthopoxviruses circulating in animal population. Despite a number of adamantane derivatives is known to demonstrate antiviral activity, only few adamantane derivatives showed activity against vaccinia virus. From the other hand, monoterpene derivatives demonstrate various biological activities, in particular some camphor derivatives were found being active against vaccinia virus. To find new agents to be active against orthopoxviruses we synthesized a different adamantane derivatives containing monoterpene fragments in their structure. For this purpose, a number of monoterpene amines was obtained starting from corresponding alcohols and ketones. Their reaction with 1- or 2-adamantane carboxylic acid chlorides led to amides. For a number of them antipox activity against vaccinia virus was demonstrated, with SI being from 5 to 1123. A most active amides were investigated against cowpox virus and ectromelia virus, with SI being from 30 to 406 and from 39 to 707 respectively. A number of ureas and thioureas was obtained starting from isocyanates and isothiocyanates containing 1- and 2-substituted adamantane fragments and corresponding monoterpene amines as well. The antipox activity of this new adamantane derivatives hasn't been investigated.
Evaporation of a sessile nanoliter water droplet was investigated experimentally at the substrate temperature of 30 °C. The studies were performed on the two substrates made of copper. One of them had no coating and was polished to the root mean square roughness of 20 nm. Another one was coated with single wall nanotubes (the root mean square roughness is 62 nm). The research has shown that specific rate of evaporation (mass loss per unit of the drop surface area) on the substrate with nanotubes coating is up to 20 percent higher in comparison with the substrate without coating.
Proton beam driven plasma wakefield acceleration was recently proposed as a way to bring electrons to TeV energy range in a single plasma section. Here we present a detailed numerical analysis of this acceleration scheme. We identify the main effects limiting acceleration efficiency and ultimate energy gain, and formulate optimum conditions for acceleration.
Variations in human genome (e.g., single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs) may be associated with hereditary diseases, their complications, comorbidities, and drug responses. Using Web service SNP_TATA_Comparator presented in our previous paper, here we analyzed immediate surroundings of known SNP markers of diseases and identified several candidate SNP markers that can significantly change the affinity of TATA-binding protein for human gene promoters, with circadian consequences. For example, rs572527200 may be related to asthma, where symptoms are circadian (worse at night), and rs367732974 may be associated with heart attacks that are characterized by a circadian preference (early morning). By the same method, we analyzed the 90 bp proximal promoter region of each protein-coding transcript of each human gene of the circadian clock core. This analysis yielded 53 candidate SNP markers, such as rs181985043 (susceptibility to acute Q fever in male patients), rs192518038 (higher risk of a heart attack in patients with diabetes), and rs374778785 (emphysema and lung cancer in smokers). If they are properly validated according to clinical standards, these candidate SNP markers may turn out to be useful for physicians (to select optimal treatment for each patient) and for the general population (to choose a lifestyle preventing possible circadian complications of diseases).
The relative abundance of the three decay modes ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}^{\ensuremath{-}}{K}^{+}$, ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$, and ${B}_{s}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}_{s}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ produced in 7 TeV $pp$ collisions at the LHC is determined from data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $35\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{pb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. The branching fraction of ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}^{\ensuremath{-}}{K}^{+}$ is found to be $\mathcal{B}({B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}^{\ensuremath{-}}{K}^{+})=(2.01\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}{0.18}^{\mathrm{stat}}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}{0.14}^{\mathrm{syst}})\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$. The ratio of fragmentation fractions ${f}_{s}/{f}_{d}$ is determined through the relative abundance of ${B}_{s}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}_{s}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ to ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}^{\ensuremath{-}}{K}^{+}$ and ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$, leading to ${f}_{s}/{f}_{d}=0.253\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.017\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.017\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.020$, where the uncertainties are statistical, systematic, and theoretical, respectively.
LaCoO 3 samples were obtained by the hydrothermal and citrate methods. The dynamics of the phase transformations of the initial hydroxo compounds into the oxide state and the subsequent reduction in a hydrogen-containing mixture were studied by the differential thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction methods. The results of the catalytic tests in the syngas conversion showed that the path of conversion depends on the phase composition of the catalyst in the oxide state. In contrast to the standard CoAl sample, alcohols prevail in the liquid products formed on LaCoO 3 catalysts.
Objective: to study the association of DRD2/ANKK1 Taq1A polymorphism with depression in an open 45–64-year-old male population from Novosibirsk. Patients and methods. A representative sample of an open 45–64-year-old male population (n=781) was surveyed within Screening IV of the international HAPIEE program and the WHO MONICA-psychosocial program in 2003–2005. All the study participants filled out the WHO MONICA-psychosocial Program Depression Scale. The DRD2/ANKK1 Taq1A C32806T (rs 1800497) polymorphism was genotyped using the published methods within the budgeting topic. The Pearson's chi-square (2) test was applied to test the statistical significance of differences between the groups. Significance in all types of analysis was taken at p ≤0.05. Results and discussion. The prevalence of depression in the open 45–64-year-old male population was 36.3%: 13.5% of the examinees had severe depression (SD) and 22.8% had moderate depression (MD). A comparative intergroup analysis showed that the odds ratio (OR) for the incidence of SD was 3.86 times higher in the T/C genotype carriers than in the C/C genotype ones, who, on the contrary, had no depression; the OR for the incidence of SD was also 3.28 times higher in the T/C genotype carriers, while MD was more common in the homozygous C/C genotype carriers. The OR for the incidence of SD was 2.63 times higher in the DRD2 T allele carriers than in the C allele carriers who did not suffer from depression in most cases. Conclusion . A significant association was established between the carriage of Taq1A (T allele) and depression in 45–64-year-old males.
Summary Body weight is a complex trait in cattle associated with commonly used commercial breeding measurements related to growth. Although many quantitative trait loci ( QTL ) for body weight have been identified in cattle so far, searching for genetic determinants in different breeds or environments is promising.

Therefore, we carried out a genome‐wide association study ( GWAS ) in two cattle populations from the Russian Federation (Siberian region) using the GGP HD 150K array containing 139 376 single nucleotide polymorphism ( SNP ) markers. Association tests for 107 550 SNP s left after filtering revealed five statistically significant SNP s on BTA 5, considering a false discovery rate of less than 0.05. The chromosomal region containing these five SNP s contains the CCND 2 gene, which was previously associated with average daily weight gain and body mass index in US beef cattle populations and in humans respectively.

Our study is the first GWAS for body weight in beef cattle populations from the Russian Federation. The results provided here suggest that, despite the existence of breed‐ and species‐specific QTL , the genetic architecture of body weight could be evolutionarily conserved in mammals.
Radio detection of air showers produced by ultra-high energy cosmic rays is a cost-effective technique for the next generation of sparse arrays. The performance of this technique strongly depends on the environmental background, which has different constituents, namely anthropogenic radio frequency interference, synchrotron galactic radiation and others. These components have recognizable features, which can help for background suppression.

A powerful method for handling this is the application of convolution neural networks with a specific architecture called autoencoder. By suppressing unwanted signatures, the autoencoder keeps the signal-like ones. We have successfully developed and trained an autoencoder, which is now applied to the data from Tunka-Rex. We show the procedures of the training and optimization of the network including benchmarks of different architectures.

Using the autoencoder, we improved the standard analysis of Tunka-Rex in order to lower the threshold of the detection. This enables the reconstructing of sub-threshold events with energies lower than 0.1 EeV with satisfactory angular and energy resolutions.
Breeding programs for purple wheat are underway in many countries but there is a lack of information on the effects of Pp (purple pericarp) genes on agronomic and quality traits in variable environments and along the product chain (grain-flour-bread).

This study was based on unique material: two pairs of isogenic lines in a spring wheat cv. Saratovskaya-29 (S29) background differing only in Pp genes and grain color. In 2017, seven experiments were conducted in Kazakhstan, Russia, and Turkey with a focus on genotype and environment interaction and, in 2018, one experiment in Turkey with a focus on grain, flour, and bread quality.

The effect of environment was greater compared to genotype for the productivity and quality traits studied. Nevertheless, several important traits, such as grain color and anthocyanin content, are closely controlled by genotype, offering the opportunity for selection. Phenolic content in purple-grained lines was not significantly higher in whole wheat flour than in red-colored lines. However, this trait was significantly higher in bread. For antioxidant activities, no differences between the genotypes were detected in both experiments. Comparison of two sources of Pp genes demonstrated that the lines originating from cv. Purple Feed had substantially improved productivity and quality traits compared to those from cv. Purple.
Human telomeres as well as more than 40% of human genes near the promoter regions have been found to contain the sequence that may form a G-quadruplex structure. Other non-canonical DNA structures comprising bulges, hairpins, or bubbles may have a functionally important role during transcription, replication, or recombination. The guanine-rich regions of DNA are hotspots of oxidation that forms 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine, thymine glycol, and abasic sites: the lesions that are handled by the base excision repair pathway. Nonetheless, the features of DNA repair processes in non-canonical DNA structures are still poorly understood.

Therefore, in this work, a comparative analysis of the efficiency of the removal of a damaged nucleotide from various G-quadruplexes and bulged structures was performed using endonuclease VIII-like 1 (NEIL1), human 8-oxoguanine-DNA glycosylase (OGG1), endonuclease III (NTH1), and prokaryotic formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase (Fpg), and endonuclease VIII (Nei).

All the tested enzymes were able to cleave damage-containing bulged DNA structures, indicating their important role in the repair process when single-stranded DNA and intermediate non–B-form structures such as bubbles and bulges are formed. Nevertheless, our results suggest that the ability to cleave damaged quadruplexes is an intrinsic feature of members of the H2tH structural family, suggesting that these enzymes can participate in the modulation of processes controlled by the formation of quadruplex structures in genomic DNA.
The development of nuclear spins hyperpolarization, and the search for molecules that can be efficiently hyperpolarized is an active area in nuclear magnetic resonance.

In this work we present a detailed study of SABRE SHEATH (signal amplification by reversible exchange in shield enabled alignment transfer to heteronuclei) experiments on 15 N2 -azobenzene. In SABRE SHEATH experiments the nuclear spins of the target are hyperpolarized through transfer of spin polarization from parahydrogen at ultralow fields during a reversible chemical process. Azobenzene exists in two isomers, trans and cis.

We show that all nuclear spins in cis-azobenzene can be efficiently hyperpolarized by SABRE at suitable magnetic fields. Enhancement factors (relative to 9.4 T) reach up to 3000 for 15 N spins and up to 30 for the 1 H spins. We compare two approaches to observe either hyperpolarized magnetization of 15 N/1 H spins, or hyperpolarized singlet order of the 15 N spin pair. The results presented here will be useful for further experiments in which hyperpolarized cis-15 N2 -azobenzene is switched by light to trans-15 N2 -azobenzene for storing the produced hyperpolarization in the long-lived spin state of the 15 N pair of trans-15 N2 -azobenzene.
The method of spontaneous and induced luminol -dependent chemiluminescence in homogenates of rat retinas OXYS registered increase in the generation of free radicals against decrease in total antioxidant activity.

With the ultra-microscopic and quantitative analysis revealed degenerative retinal neurons rats OXYS: the percentage increase in neurosensory cells with pyknosis of nuclei, hyperchromatic piknomorfnyh associative neurons and ganglion neurons that have been modified on a light and dark type.

Thiophane, limiting free radical reactions in the retina and protects retinal neurons from damage.
This paper presents the dependence of the surface tension on the surfactant concentration and on the temperature for anionic cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) with a concentration of 1 mmol/L and two-ionic lauryl hydroxysultaine (LHS) with a concentration of 2.8 mmol/L.

Maximum bubble pressure method was used to measure surface tension.

At a low concentration of the surfactant, the surface tension drops sharply at a certain temperature, and at a high concentration it changes slightly, much slower than surface tension of the pure water. Surface tension rapidly drops because micelles in the bulk become unstable and surfactant particles relocate to the interface.
This species is a copulatory ovulator, and most couples copulated 6 to 16 h after pairing. The gestation period varied from 18 to 22 days (mean +/- SD: 20.6 +/- 0.9, n = 72), and the average litter size was 4.6 +/- 1.9 (n = 125). Compared with the litter size at the first parturition (3.6 +/- 1.6, n = 72), the litter size in the subsequent parturitions increased to 5.9 +/- 1.4 (n = 53). The animals exhibited postpartum estrus, and repeated pregnancy accompanied with suckling pups and parturition continuously in the laboratory condition unlike other vole species.

Reproductive features of newly bred Russian voles (Microtus rossiaemeridionalis) as a laboratory animal were studied.

In view of their complex stomach and good proliferation, the Russian voles were evaluated as a good laboratory animal, especially as a model animal for ruminant studies.