Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
The production of negative hydrogen ions in the radio-frequency driven long-pulsed source with external antenna is studied. RF drivers with various geometry of external antenna, Faraday shield and magnets at the rear flange were examined. H- beam extraction through the single emission aperture was performed in the source pure-hydrogen mode with no external seed of alkali additives. H- beam with ion emission current density up to 5 mA/cm2 and energy up to 75 keV was regularly obtained in the 1 s pulses of the pure-hydrogen mode. The regular temporal increase of H- ion production due to deposition of impurities on the plasma grid surface was recorded. The H- emission current density increased up to 9 mA/cm2 in this case.
Nowadays socio-economic development of countries and regions is characterized by changing of emphasis. Thus, this raises the question about adequacy of traditional measurement methods for evaluation of the socio-economic development results. The task of development and implementation more relevant indicators and evaluation methods has increasing importance.

The authors suggest their view of the stated problem and approach to evaluation of socio-economic development results of the territories. This approach is based on consideration sustainability, inclusiveness and innovation aspects. Composition of indicators which is appropriate to use for evaluating the degree of harmonious socio-economic development is substantiated by the authors. The feasibility of using factor analysis based on principal components method for calculating the compositional harmonious development index is substantiated in the publication. The index for Russian regions is calculating using stated method for control years chosen from the period 2000-2019.

Rankings are constructed based on index values. The main characteristics of the regions determining the degree of harmonious development is identified based on the results. The results of the research are aimed at improving analysis abilities, the evaluating methods of socio-economic development of the territories and providing rationale for state economic and regional policy.
The processes of heat and mass transfer in systems with liquid-gas interface are of interest to a wide range of problems. Thermocapillary flows have an important role in such systems.

Thermocapillary deformation of silicone oil layer was investigated using laser scanning confocal microscope Zeiss LSM 510 Meta. The numerical solution of the problem was obtained in the lubrication approximation theory for two-dimensional axisymmetric thermocapillary flow. The model takes into account the surface tension, viscosity, gravity and heat transfer in the substrate. Evaporation is neglected. The numerical algorithm for the joint solution of the energy equation and the evolution equation for the liquid layer thickness has been developed. Stationary solutions have been obtained by the establishment method.

The dependences of the depth of thermocapillary deformation on the layer thickness were obtained for silicone oils of different viscosities. It was found that the value of the relative deformation decreases nonlinearly with increasing the initial layer thickness. There is a good qualitative agreement of numerical results and experimental data.
We experimentally study polarization dynamics of Kerr beam self-cleaning in a graded-index multimode optical fiber. We show that spatial beam cleaning is accompanied by nonlinear polarization rotation, and a substantial increase of the degree of linear polarization.
О ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКИХ ОСОБЕННОСТЯХ КИТАЙСКОЙ ГИМНАСТИКИ ТАЙЦЗИЦЮАНЬА. В. Мурашова, С. А. Комиссаров, Б. О. Майер (Новосибирск, Россия
The purpose of this article is to present a simple solution of the classic dog-and-rabbit chase problem which emphasizes the use of concepts of elementary kinematics and, therefore, can be used in introductory mechanics course. The article is based on the teaching experience of introductory mechanics course at Novosibirsk State University for first year physics students which are just beginning to use advanced mathematical methods in physics problems.
In the present work an experimental investigation of a drop impact onto a liquid layer of certain thickness placed on a heated thin foil is presented.

The heat transfer and dynamics of drop impact on liquid surface has been studied and visualised with using infrared thermography. The experimental data obtained by means of an infrared scanner, that is, the measured temperature distributions on the opposite side of the foil will be used for the next stage of the research.

The primary task of the research is to determine the heat flux from the foil by solving Cauchy problem for the non-stationary heat transfer equation that describes the heat conductivity inside the foil.
This analysis is based on the data sample containing $772\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}B\overline{B}$ pairs that was collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB energy-asymmetric ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collider.

We report the first evidence for isospin violation in $B\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{*}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ and the first measurement of the difference of $CP$ asymmetries between ${B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{*+}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ and ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{*0}\ensuremath{\gamma}$.

We find evidence for the isospin violation with a significance of $3.1\ensuremath{\sigma}$, ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}}_{0+}=[+6.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.5(\text{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.6(\text{syst})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.2({f}_{+\ensuremath{-}}/{f}_{00})]%$. The measured value is consistent with predictions of the standard model. The result for the difference of $CP$ asymmetries is $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{A}_{CP}=[+2.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.8(\text{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5(\text{syst})]%$, consistent with zero. The measured branching fractions and $CP$ asymmetries for charged and neutral $B$ meson decays are the most precise to date.
Several examples of the comparative variable-temperature and variable-pressure studies of the small-molecule organic crystals are discussed.Selected systems represent the crystals with nonspherical flexible molecules / molecular fragments and with different types of intermolecular interactions, ranging from van der Waals interactions to hydrogen bonds of various types (OH…O, NH…OH, NH…O=C).A special attention is payed to the studies of solid drugs (polymorphs of paracetamol), amino acids (polymorphs of glycine, L-serine, D,L-serine), and dipeptides (glycilglycine and glycilglycine hydrate) by structural, spectroscopic and calorimetric techniques.The anisotropy of structural distortion within the range of stability of the same phase, as well as the phase transitions induced by changes in temperature or pressure are discussed.
We present an extension of the method of eigenmode decomposition of Gramians proposed earlier for the small-signal stability analysis of dynamical systems.

In this paper we derive the spectral decomposition for finite Gramians on any time interval and with arbitrary initial conditions. These expansions allow both a stability analysis of non-stationary systems and a monitoring of instability development in unstable systems. Eigen components in the expansion of Gramians on a finite interval of time we called finite sub-Gramians. Because each sub-Gramian is associated with a particular eigenvector, the sources of instability can be easily localized and tracked in real time.

We perform a simulation experiment in which finite sub-Gramians are used to analyze the development of instability arising in an actual power grid on Russky Island when it is disconnected from the mainland network.
In recent decades, there has been an increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity. Obesity has become an underestimated pandemic and a public health threat around the world. Adipose tissue is positioned as an endocrine organ that secretes a wide range of pro-inflammatory cytokines and adipokines, inducing a state of chronic subinflammation. The results of epidemiological studies over the past 30 years have also shown that visceral adipose tissue is an independent risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis, cardiometabolic diseases and chronic kidney disease. We performed a systematic review to summarize important aspects of the state of chronic subinflammation in the context of its effect on the decrease in glomerular filtration rate and the development of chronic kidney disease. The review deals with the etiology and pathogenesis of obesity, the hormonal profile of adipose tissue, the molecular mechanisms of the effect of pro-inflammatory cytokines and adipokines on the kidneys, and the pathophysiology of renal diseases. Information on the topic from publications based on the Pubmed database has been used.
Retrotransposons comprise a substantial fraction of eukaryotic genomes reaching the highest proportions in plants. Therefore, identification and annotation of retrotransposons is an important task in studying regulation and evolution of plant genomes. A majority of computational tools for mining transposable elements (TEs) are designed for subsequent genome repeat masking, often leaving aside the element lineage classification and its protein domain composition. Additionally, studies focused on diversity and evolution of a particular group of retrotransposons often require substantial customization efforts from researchers to adapt existing software to their needs. Here, we developed a computational pipeline to mine sequences of protein-coding retrotransposons based on the sequences of their conserved protein domains - DARTS. Using the most abundant group of TEs in plants - long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons (LTR-RTs), we show that DARTS has radically higher sensitivity of LTR-RTs identification compared to a widely accepted LTRharvest tool. DARTS can be easily customized for specific user needs. As a result, DARTS returns a set of structurally annotated nucleotide and amino acid sequences which can be readily used in subsequent comparative and phylogenetic analyses. DARTS should facilitate researchers interested in discovery and in-detail analysis of diversity and evolution of retrotransposons, LTR-RTs, and other protein-coding TEs.
SARS‐CoV‐2 is thought to have originated from bat CoV. The virus enters the cell by binding to the ACE2 receptor, the affinity for which differs depending on the animal species. Infected animals show viral RNA and may show clinical symptoms. It is known that the virus originated from some animals, while others may be carriers.

Analyse available literature data about the possibility of coronavirus infection with and the severity of the course of infection in various animal species in order to evaluate the significance of this possibility in the context of preservation of the well‐being of both wild and domestic animals.

There is ample literature on the possibility of infection in various animals. However, it is not enough to fully understand how significant is the role that animals can play in the spread of coronavirus infection among humans and how much harm it can bring to themselves.
Transcription Regulatory Regions Database (TRRD) has been developed for accumulation of experimental information on the structure-function features of regulatory regions of eukaryotic genes. Each entry in TRRD corresponds to a particular gene and contains a description of structure-function features of its regulatory regions (transcription factor binding sites, promoters, enhancers, silencers, etc.) and gene expression regulation patterns. The current release, TRRD 4.2.5, comprises the description of 760 genes, 3403 expression patterns, and >4600 regulatory elements including 3604 transcription factor binding sites, 600 promoters and 152 enhancers. This information was obtained through annotation of 2537 scientific publications. TRRD 4.2.5 is available through the WWW at http://wwwmgs.bionet.nsc.ru/mgs/dbases/trrd4/
G-banding was successfully demonstrated in chromosomes of Baicalasellus angarensis (Isopoda, Crustacea) using a simple and reproducible technique. The obtained bands were numerous and distributed along the whole length of the chromosomes. The number of the G-bands mached interrelated with the condensation of chromosomes. The bands of homologous chromosomes in some cells were matchable. C-banding patterns in chromosomes of B. angarensis have also been investigated. The constitutive heterochromatin is located in centromeric and interstitial position of several chromosomes.
We present a statistical analysis based on the height and return-time probabilities of high-amplitude wave events in both focusing and defocusing Manakov systems. We find that analytical rational or semirational solutions, associated with extreme, rogue wave (RW) structures, are the leading high-amplitude events in this system. We define the thresholds for classifying an extreme wave event as a RW. Our results indicate that there is a strong relationship between the type of RW and the mechanism which is responsible for its creation. Initially, high-amplitude events originate from modulation instability. Upon subsequent evolution, the interaction among these events prevails as the mechanism for RW creation. We suggest a strategy for confirming the basic properties of different extreme events. This involves the definition of proper statistical measures at each stage of the RW dynamics. Our results point to the need for redefining criteria for identifying RW events.
The sensing element is a microthermocouple with flat bead working on the Seebeck effect. The bead size of the manufactured thermocouple is less than 3 μm.

We present a contact method for local measurements of liquid film thickness and temperature. A special software is developed which synchronizes microthermocouple readings and the motorized stage position, allowing automatic determination of the thickness of the liquid layer. The interface position is determined as a position of abrupt change in temperature. In some cases this measured temperature difference corresponds to the temperature jump value. In the case of the absence of a temperature difference, the interface position is determined from the difference in temperature gradients, from the so-called fracture of the temperature profile at the interface that occurs due to the difference in thermal conductivity between the gas and the liquid. Four different types of liquid, H2O, C2H5OH, CH2I2, and HFE-7100, are used in the experiments.

This technique simultaneously provides data on the local film thickness and temperature profile, including the temperature value at the liquid-gas interface, using one instrument. Our measurements are in excellent agreement with the measurements by the shadow method. The method can be adopted for measurements of void fraction in two-phase flow. In the case of the existence of measurable temperature jump the thermal resistance of the liquid-gas interface can be estimated.
We describe theoretically and realize experimentally Anderson localization for optical pulses in time domain, using a photonic mesh lattice with random phase modulation implemented with coupled optical fiber loops. We demonstrate that strongest degree of localization is limited and increases in lattices with wider band-gaps.
Sudden cardiac death (SCD) continues to be a relevant and significant problem in modern medicine. Modern trends in medicine are associated with the widespread introduction of personalized, preventive strategies aimed at correcting risk factors for pathology, identifying predispositions to it and conducting prevention before the development of clinical symptoms. Nowadays, a huge number of studies of the molecular genetic basis of SCD are conducted. Studies of case-control design using routine methods of molecular genetic research continue to be popular. Research using modern, highly effective methods (sequencing of the next generation (NGS), full-genome associative studies (GWAS)) have become more frequent. The molecular genetic markers of SCD found in such studies can be used effectively to diagnose a predisposition to SCD and prevent its development in persons with known and unknown cardiac pathology.
Дискуссионные проблемы палеогеографии плейстоцена ледниковых областей Западной Сибири
During the last few decades, phytoremediation process has attracted much attention because of the growing concerns about the deteriorating quality of soil caused by anthropogenic activities. Here, a tandem phytoremediation/biorefinery process was proposed as a way to turn phytoremediation into a viable commercial method by producing valuable chemicals in addition to cleaned soil. Two agricultural plants (Sinapis alba and Helianthus annuus) were grown in moderately contaminated soil with ca. 100 ppm of Ni and further degraded by a fungal lignin degrader-Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Several parameters have been studied, including the viability of plants, biomass yield, and their accumulating and remediating potentials. Further, downstream processing showed that up to 80% of Ni can be easily extracted from contaminated biomass by aqueous extraction at mild conditions. Finally, it was demonstrated that the growth of plants on the contaminated soil could be degraded by P. chrysosporium, and the effect of nickel and biomass pretreatment on the solid-state fermentation was studied. The proposed and studied methodology in this work could pave the way for successful commercialization of the phytoremediation process in the near future.
The evolution of an artificial localized wave packet in a supersonic boundary layer of a swept wing is experimentally investigated at Mach number M = 2. The wave characteristics of the development of disturbances at various frequencies are determined. The growth increments of the most increasing modes of the wave packet are estimated. Comparison with the results of calculations based on the linear theory of stability is carried out.
We present a search for a neutral, long-lived particle L that is produced in e+ e- collisions and decays at a significant distance from the e+ e- interaction point into various flavor combinations of two oppositely charged tracks.

The analysis uses an e+ e- data sample with a luminosity of 489.1 fb(-1) collected by the BABAR detector at the ϒ(4S), ϒ(3S), and ϒ(2S) resonances and just below the ϒ(4S). Fitting the two-track mass distribution in search of a signal peak, we do not observe a significant signal, and set 90% confidence level upper limits on the product of the L production cross section, branching fraction, and reconstruction efficiency for six possible two-body L decay modes as a function of the L mass. The efficiency is given for each final state as a function of the mass, lifetime, and transverse momentum of the candidate, allowing application of the upper limits to any production model.

In addition, upper limits are provided on the branching fraction B(B→XsL), where Xs is a strange hadronic system.
The development of the hydrocarbon potential of the Arctic shelf is one of the priority tasks for Russia, forming the conditions for its strategic presence in the region. Russia's official energy documents stipulate the need to increase oil and gas production in the Arctic, including offshore production, to ensure the stable operation of the country's oil and gas complex in the long term. However, the development of hydrocarbon fields on the Arctic shelf is a serious technological challenge for the domestic oil and gas in-dustry. While offshore oil production in the Russian Arctic is already underway, natural gas production remains a promising future target. The article analyses the current gas projects on the Arctic shelf in terms of their technological complexity and unique solutions, and the strategies of operators to attract foreign participants to the project. We consider these in the contexts of technological issues, organizational features, securing foreign investment. The author believes that the provisions and conclusions of this study will help add to the comprehensive picture of the foreign oil and gas companies experience engaged in natural gas production on the Arctic shelf, which will minimise the errors and risks in the development of hydrocarbon resources on the Russian Arctic seas shelf.
Anthropomorphous stone statues, discovered near Taldy-Suu, the Issyk-Kul region of Kyrgyzstan, are described with reference to the earlier (19th to early 21st century) scholarship, and are attributed to the Old Turkic tradition. One of them shows a male warrior. We focus on his costume, the belt, the weapons, and the vessel held in the right hand. The other statue is that of a woman. Chronology and cultural affi nities, specifi cally those with Old Turkic statues of other areas of Tian Shan, are assessed.
This paper is a part of a research on diaries written in French and Russian by Olga Davydova (1813-1876) which are located in the Scientific Technological Library of Novossibirsk. Amongst 20 copybooks, five are in French. They are authorized and proofed copies of originals, in which we can distinguish the author, the copyist, the checker and the corrector, using the analysis of errors and corrections in the text.

In this paper we present the level of correctness in French, typical errors and transcoding markers between French and Russian, with some elements of others languages of the author.

Our conclusions are that the people from O.I. Davydova's social circle didn't use language switching and their level of French, as also English and German, was quite high, not only because of their early learning (the so-called "gouvernante method") but also because of lifelong learning, reading and travelling.
Chromosomes of six European species (one with two subspecies) of Orthoptera belonging to the tribes Ephippigerini and Bradyporini were analyzed using C-banding, Ag-NOR, DAPI (AT-rich)/CMA3 (GC-rich) staining and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using the 18S rDNA and (TTAGG)n telomeric probes with the aim to better understand chromosomal organization and evolutionary relationships between genera and subgenera within and across both tribes.The evolution of karyotypes was studied in terms of changes in chromosome number (2n) and morphology (FN, the fundamental number -i.e. the number of chromosome arms including the X chromosome).The ancestral 2n = 31 was reduced to 2n = 29 (FN = 31) and 27 (FN = 31) by one or two Robertsonian fusions in the Ephippigerini.Whereas in the Bradyporini 2n = 27 (FN = 32) as a result of two Robertsonian translocations and a pericentric inversion in the X chromosome.The quantity of heterochromatin in GC-rich regions distinguished the karyotypes of Ephippigerini (only a single CG-rich band on one autosome pair) from those of Bradyporini (CG-rich bands on all chromosomes).FISH using the 18S rDNA probe localized 1-3 rDNA clusters to autosomes and/or to the X chromosome in all species examined.The rDNA loci coincided with active NORs as determined by Ag-NOR staining.A comparison of the location of the single NOR/rDNA in two species of the genus Steropleurus (Ephippigerini) suggests that the reduced chromosome number in S. pseudolus results from a Robertsonian fusion between two pairs of autosomes, one of them carrying the NOR/rDNA as in S. stalii (and also in E. ephippiger).Whereas the karyotypes of three species of the genus Bradyporus, though showing the same chromosome number and morphology, differed in the number and distribution of NORs/rDNA sites [one autosomal in B. (B.) dasypus versus three in B. macrogaster and B. (C.) oniscus, two of them X-linked].Trends in karyotype diversification of the taxa based on the present data and previous research are discussed.In some individuals belonging to the species Bradyporus (B.) dasypus and B. (C.) m. macrogaster B chromosomes (Bs) were detected: acrocentric (the smallest elements in the complement) and submetacentric (similar to medium-sized autosomes), respectively.