Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Background Genome-wide association studies have identified the CDC7-TGFBR3 intergenic region on chromosome 1 to be strongly associated with optic disc area size. The mechanism of its function remained unclear until new data on eQTL markers emerged from the Genotype-Tissue Expression project. The target region was found to contain a strong silencer of the distal (800 kb) Transcription Factor (TF) gene GFI1 (Growth Factor Independent Transcription Repressor 1) specifically in neuroendocrine cells (pituitary gland). GFI1 has also been reported to be involved in the development of sensory neurons and hematopoiesis. Therefore, GFI1, being a developmental gene, is likely to affect optic disc area size by altering the expression of the associated genes via long-range interactions.

Results Distribution of haplotypes in the putative enhancer region has been assessed using the data on four continental supergroups generated by the 1000 Genomes Project. The East Asian (EAS) populations were shown to manifest a highly homogenous unimodal haplotype distribution pattern within the region with the major haplotype occurring with the frequency of 0.9. Another European specific haplotype was observed with the frequency of 0.21. The major haplotype appears to be involved in silencing GFI1 repressor gene expression, which might be the cause of increased optic disc area characteristic of the EAS populations. The enhancer/eQTL region overlaps AluJo element, which implies that this particular regulatory element is primate-specific and confined to few tissues.

Conclusion Population specific distribution of GFI1 enhancer alleles may predispose certain ethnic groups to glaucoma.
Aim . To study the prevalence of chronic bronchitis (CB) against the background of abdominal obesity (AO) in young people aged 25–44 in Novosibirsk.

Materials and methods . A simultaneous population survey of the population of 25–44 year-olds in Novosibirsk was carried out. The study included 906 people (414 men and 492 women). AO was recorded with a waist circumference of more than 94 cm in men and more than 80 cm in women. CB was recorded according to standardized epidemiological (questionnaire, pulmonary questionnaire) and functional (spirometry) criteria.

Results. The prevalence of AO and CB in the population was 42.9% and 8.7%, respectively; in men 43.2% and 7.7%; in women 42.7% and 9.6%. The prevalence of CB against the background of AO in the population was 1.95 times higher ( p = 0.003) compared with individuals with CB without AO (OR = 2.08 [CI 1.302–3.333]). In women, the prevalence of CB against the background of AO was 2.15 times higher ( p = 0.005) compared with women with CB without AO (OR = 2.35 [CI 1.267–4.359]). The prevalence of CB in smokers in the population was 1.65 times higher ( p = 0.015) compared with non-smokers (OR = 1.72 [CI 1.081–2.739]). In male smokers, the prevalence of CB was 2.02 times higher ( p = 0.031) compared with non-smoking men (OR = 2.15 [CI 1.020–4.514]). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that in people aged 25–44, the presence of CB is associated with smoking [Exp(B) = 1.966, p = 0.006] and the presence of AO [Exp(B) = 2.091, p = 0.003]. Conclusion . Significant effects of AO and smoking on the development of CB in the population of 25–44 year-olds as a whole were revealed. At the same time, in men aged 25–44, the relative risk of developing CB is significantly affected by smoking, and in women aged 25–44, by the presence of AO.
Mutation frequencies vary along a nucleotide sequence, and nucleotide positions with an exceptionally high mutation frequency are called hotspots. Mutation hotspots in DNA often reflect intrinsic properties of the mutation process, such as the specificity with which mutagens interact with nucleic acids and the sequence-specificity of DNA repair/replication enzymes. They might also reflect structural and functional features of target protein or RNA sequences in which they occur. The determinants of mutation frequency and specificity are complex and there are many analytical methods for their study.

This paper discusses computational approaches to analysing mutation spectra (distribution of mutations along the target genes) that include many detectable (mutable) positions. The following methods are reviewed: mutation hotspot prediction; pairwise and multiple comparisons of mutation spectra; derivation of a consensus sequence; and analysis of correlation between nucleotide sequence features and mutation spectra. Spectra of spontaneous and induced mutations are used for illustration of the complexities and pitfalls of such analyses.

In general, the DNA sequence context of mutation hotspots is a fingerprint of interactions between DNA and DNA repair/replication/modification enzymes, and the analysis of hotspot context provides evidence of such interactions.
Bulk Mo2S3 may be dispersed into colloidal nanosheets

sonication

assembled into thin films with potential for use in gas sensors
The self-sustained kinetic oscillations in the catalytic oxidation of methane over Ni foil have been studied at atmospheric pressure using an X-ray diffraction technique and mass spectrometry.
In the previous studies, the DNA with the bulky Fap-dC derivative was demonstrated to be a difficult substrate for the nucleotide excision repair (NER), a system which is involved in the removal of bulky lesions from DNA.This type of compounds could be of particular interest as possible selective NER, considerably reducing the potency of DNA repair due to competitive immobilization of protein factors involved in this process.This approach can be potentially useful to increase the efficiency of chemotherapy.

Aim.To identify DNA structures containing multiple bulky adducts that can efficiently inhibit the nucleotide excision repair.Methods.Enzymatic DNA synthesis, PCR, NER-competent cell extract preparation, in vitro NER assay, HPLC.Results.The conditions for the synthesis of extended DNA containing multiple unrepairable lesions were established.A wide range of DNA structures containing modified nucleotides was obtained.All modified DNAs were shown to inhibit the in vitro activity of the NER system.The DNA structure that inhibits the NER activity with the highest efficiency was selected.

Conclusions.The model DNA structures effectively inhibiting the activity of NER were found.The new data obtained here can potentially be used for both basic and applied research.
Development of effective vaccine candidates against tuberculosis (TB) is currently the most important challenge in the prevention of this disease since the BCG vaccine fails to guarantee a lifelong protection, while any other approved vaccine with better efficiency is still absent. The protective effect of the recombinant fusion protein CFP10-ESAT6-dIFN produced in a prokaryotic expression system (Escherichia coli) has been assessed in a guinea pig model of acute TB. The tested antigen comprises the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) proteins ESAT6 and CFP10 as well as modified human γ-interferon (dIFN) for boosting the immune response. Double intradermal immunization of guinea pigs with the tested fusion protein (2 × 0.5 µg) induces a protective effect against subsequent Mtb infection. The immunized guinea pigs do not develop the symptoms of acute TB and their body weight gain was five times more as compared with the non-immunized infected guinea pigs. The animal group immunized with this dose of antigen displays the minimum morphological changes in the internal organs and insignificant inflammatory lesions in the liver tissue, which complies with a decrease in the bacterial load in the spleen and average Mtb counts in macrophages.
Клинический случай в практике врачаинтерниста: пациентка с высокой скоростью оседания эритроцитов Батлук Т. И. 1 м.н.с.лаборатория профилактической медицины Цыганкова О.В.1,2 д.м.н., научный сотрудник, лаборатория клинических, биохимических и гормональных исследований терапевтических заболеваний 1 : доцент, кафедра неотложной терапии с эндокринологией и профпатологией ФПК и ППВ 2 Латынцева Л. Д. 1 к.м.н., заслуженный врач РФ, заведующая, терапевтическое отделение клиники НИИТПМ, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории неотложной
We report measurements of the branching fractions and $CP$ asymmetries for ${B}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\eta}{h}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$ ($h=K$ or $\ensuremath{\pi}$) and the observation of the decay ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\eta}{K}^{0}$ from the final data sample of $772\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}\text{ }\text{ }B\overline{B}$ pairs collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collider. The measured branching fractions are $\mathcal{B}({B}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\eta}{K}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}})=(2.12\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.23\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.11)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$, $\mathcal{B}({B}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\eta}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}})=(4.07\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.26\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.21)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$, and $\mathcal{B}({B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\eta}{K}^{0})=({1.27}_{\ensuremath{-}0.29}^{+0.33}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.08)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$, where the last decay is observed for the first time with a significance of 5.4 standard deviations ($\ensuremath{\sigma}$). We also find evidence for $CP$ violation in the charged $B$ modes, ${A}_{CP}({B}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\eta}{K}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}})=\ensuremath{-}0.38\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.11\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.01$ and ${A}_{CP}({B}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\eta}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}})=\ensuremath{-}0.19\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.06\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.01$ with significances of $3.8\text{ }\text{ }\ensuremath{\sigma}$ and $3.0\text{ }\text{ }\ensuremath{\sigma}$, respectively. For all measurements, the first and second uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively.
Atomic & molecular processes in external fields, Cooling & trapping, Long-range interactions, Multiphoton or tunneling ionization & excitation, Stark effect
Three optical systems employing diffractive optical elements to generate surface plasmon polaritons (SPP) with orbital angular momentum on axisymmetric conductors are considered.

In all three systems, the incident radiation is first converted by binary spiral phase axicons into a set of plane waves converging to the optical axis. In the zone of intersection of these waves, a 'twisted' Bessel beam is formed. By fitting the diameter of the first ring of the Bessel beam to the diameter of the cylindrical conductor, it is possible to generate a rotating SPP by the 'end-fire coupling' method. The use of an additional lens makes it possible to convert the SPP-exciting Bessel beam into a vortex annular beam whose diameter is independent of the topological charge of the beam. In the third scheme, converging plane waves are 'intercepted' by a cylindrical metal diffraction grating, which forms twisted SPPs on a cylindrical conductor connected to the grating.

Examples of the possible use of the proposed systems in experiments on a terahertz free electron laser are presented.
Mariner -like elements (MLEs) are among the most widespread DNA transposable elements in eukaryotes. Insects were the first organisms in which MLEs were identified, however the diversity of MLEs in the insect order Orthoptera has not yet been addressed.

In the present study, we explore the diversity of MLEs elements in 16 species of Orthoptera belonging to three infraorders, Acridoidea (Caelifera), Grylloidea (Ensifera), and Tettigoniidea (Ensifera) by combining data mined from computational analysis of sequenced degenerative PCR MLE amplicons and available Orthoptera genomic scaffolds.

In total, 75 MLE lineages (Ortmar) were identified in all the studied genomes. Automatic phylogeny-based classification suggested that the current known variability of MLEs can be assigned to seven statistically well-supported phylogenetic clusters (I–VII), and the identified Orthoptera lineages were distributed among all of them. The majority of the lineages (36 out of 75) belong to cluster I; 20 belong to cluster VI; and seven, six, four, one and one lineages belong to clusters II, IV, VII, III, and V, respectively. Two of the clusters (II and IV) were composed of a single Orthoptera MLE lineage each (Ortmar37 and Ortmar45, respectively) which were distributed in the vast majority of the studied Orthoptera genomes. Finally, for 16 Orthoptera MLE lineages, horizontal transfer from the distantly related taxa belonging to other insect orders may have occurred. We believe that our study can serve as a basis for future researches on the diversity, distribution, and evolution of MLEs in species of other taxa that are still lacking the sequenced genomes.
The solid-state photo-chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (photo-CIDNP) effect generates non-equilibrium nuclear spin polarization in frozen electron-transfer proteins upon illumination and radical-pair formation. The effect can be observed in various natural photosynthetic reaction center proteins using magic-angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and in a flavin-binding light-oxygen-voltage (LOV) domain of the blue-light receptor phototropin.

In the latter system, a functionally instrumental cysteine has been mutated to interrupt the natural cysteine-involving photochemistry allowing for an electron transfer from a more distant tryptophan to the excited flavin mononucleotide chromophore. We explored the solid-state photo-CIDNP effect and its mechanisms in phototropin-LOV1-C57S from the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii by using field-cycling solution NMR. We observed the 13C and, to our knowledge, for the first time, 15N photo-CIDNP signals from phototropin-LOV1-C57S. Additionally, the 1H photo-CIDNP signals of residual water in the deuterated buffer of the protein were detected.

The relative strengths of the photo-CIDNP effect from the three types of nuclei, 1H, 13C and 15N were measured in dependence of the magnetic field, showing their maximum polarizations at different magnetic fields. Theoretical level crossing analysis demonstrates that anisotropic mechanisms play the dominant role at high magnetic fields.
Recent results of the SND detector experiments are presented. Data were taken at the VEPP-2000 and the VEPP-2M e+e− colliders in the Novosibirsk in the c.m. energy ranges from 0.3 to 2.00 GeV. Integrated luminosity used are 70pb-1 and 25pb-1 respectively. The cross sections of the e+e− → π0γ, K+K−, ωπ0, π+π−π0η, ωη, ωηπ0 processes has been measured.
The aim of the study was to examine age-related changes in the ultrastructure of synapses in the CA1 region of the hippocampus of Wistar rats and premature aging OXYS rats. To assess changes of the sinaptoarhitectonics photographed on 15 randomly chosen fields of view of the pyramidal layer of the CA1 region of the hippocampus with five slices at a standard magnification of 10000. It was determined the amount of mineral contacts (size of the field of view is 50 μm2) and calculated numerical density of synapses per 100 μm 2 . The number of contacts with asymmetric and symmetric organization sistemasubsidiaries units, perforated, hypertrophic contacts are counted. The study showed that there are significant differences in the ultrastructural organization of the synapses between the lines, already 4 months old. The numerical density of snaps in this age group OXYS rats was significantly higher than that of Wistar. Ultrastructure of synapses in the CA1 region of the hippocampus of rats at the age of 18 months more bulupodadan pathological essentiaompetencies processes and membrane prematurely senescent rats in contrast to the control line. The numerical indicator of protect contents 18-month-old rats OXYS was significantly lower than in Wistar. Identified interstrain differences in the degree of changes of synapses can testify in favor of a different sensitivity to oxidative stress in rats investigated lines.
The paper reports on the study of flow structure of a reacting propane-air jet, issued from contraction nozzle and impinged on flat metallic surface

by using the particle image velocimetry technique. Flows with different nozzle-to-surface distance H/d were studied. The Reynolds number Re was in the range of 500÷5500, equivalence ratio Φ was varied from 0.8 to 1.4. Velocity field was measured for a conical premixed flame for Re = 1500 and Φ = 0.9

A region with flow recirculation was detected between the flame cone and the impingement surface for the case of H/d = 4. This flow feature may result in a reduced local heat transfer
Sample preconcentration is an important step that increases the accuracy of subsequent detection, especially for samples with extremely low concentrations. Due to the overlapping of electrical double layers in the nanofluidic channel, the concentration polarization effect can be generated by applying an electric field. Therefore, a nonlinear electrokinetic flow is induced, which results in the fast accumulation of proteins in front of the induced ionic depletion zone, the so-called exclusion-enrichment effect. Nanofractures were created in this work to preconcentrate proteins via the exclusion-enrichment effect. The protein sample was driven by electroosmotic flow and accumulated at a specific location. The preconcentration chip for proteins was fabricated using simple standard soft lithography with a polydimethylsiloxane replica. Nanofractures were formed by utilizing nanoparticle-assisted electric breakdown. The proposed method for nanofracture formation that utilizes nanoparticle deposition at the junction gap between microchannels greatly decreases the required electric breakdown voltage. The experimental results indicate that a protein sample with an extremely low concentration of 1 nM was concentrated to 1.5×104-fold in 60 min using the proposed chip.
We studied the discontinuous stationary solutions for the rheological mesoscopic modified model of Pokrovskii-Vinogradov, which describes the dynamics of liquid polymers.

The Rankine-Hugoniot conditions for the model were introduced. We justified the existence of stationary solutions with flat surface of strong discontinuity for the case of constant velocity direction across the discontinuity and for the case with change of direction (rotating discontinuity). The stability of such solutions was also considered. For linearized equations of the model we posed the eigenvalue problem for partial solutions with unlimited grow in time.

It was shown that such solutions exists in anisotropic case wich means the stationary solutions with flat discontinuity are unstable within the given model.
The article presents the results of studying the geological structure of the Bazhenov Formation in the Nadym-Ob interfluve of Western Siberia with the aim of predicting the oil content of this black shale stratum.

As a result of interpretation of a wide range of well logging represented by electric, radioactive and acoustic logging, with subsequent matching of these results with paleontological definitions of micro- and macrofauna, the distribution of the Salym, Nizhnevartovsky and Tarkosalinsky types of sections of the Bazhenov Formation was clarified, transitional areas between them were identified. On the basis of geological, geochemical, geophysical criteria and the results of an inflow test in deep wells, a map of the oil potential prospects of the 'classical' sections of the Bazhenov Formation has been compiled.

It has been established that the Tarkosalinsky type is more widespread in the western direction than was shown earlier and is also distinguished in the Vengayakhinskaya, Yaraynerskaya and other areas. The Nizhnevartovsky type, on the contrary, has a narrower distribution and stands out directly within the same name arc and to the south by the Variegasky-Tagrinsky megahigh. Regional prerequisites (high catagenesis of organic matter, significant modern concentrations of organic carbon, etc.) for the discovery of industrial accumulations of oil in the Bazhenov Formation in the southern regions of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Area are identified. The results of the test for the inflow of the Bazhenov Formation in this area in the 70–90s XX century were analyzed; repeated, interval testing of these deposits using modern methods of stimulation of the inflow is recommended. The necessity of laboratory lithological, petrophysical, geochemical study of the core of the Bazhenov Formation in the southern part of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Area is substantiated with the aim of determining its lithological composition, identifying oil source and oil productive intervals, studying the reservoir structure and the nature of saturation of its void space, developing recommendations for calculating oil reserves and creating technology for its cost-effective production.
This work investigates a concept of coupled fiber lasers exhibiting PT-symmetry and a PT-transition between PTsymmetric and PT-broken lasing states. We consider a system operated via Raman gain comprising two fiber loops (ring cavities) connected to each other by means of two fiber couplers with adjustable phase shift between them. By changing the phase shift or/and amplification (loss) in fiber loops, one can switch between generation regimes, realizing either PTsymmetric or PT-broken solution. In the PT-symmetric lasing regime, equal powers are generated in both cavities despite only active one is pumped. We make theoretical and numerical description of the proposed coupled fiber lasers starting with the simple discrete matrix model taking into account coupling, phase delays, gain (which is assumed to be saturated), losses and nonlinear phase shift. We show how the PT-transition is affected by self-phase modulation inside the fiber cavity and investigate requirements that should be met in order to observe PT-transition experimentally despite Kerr effect that violates exact symmetry conditions. In particular, we show that PT-transition may be observable only near lasing threshold. Further on we adopt more sophisticated model based on Nonlinear Schrödinger equation for PT fiber laser. Taking into account quasi-CW polychromatic radiation with typical spectral bandwidth of fiber Raman lasers, chromatic dispersion and Kerr nonlinearity, we demonstrate both PT-symmetric and PT-broken lasing in a fiber laser.