Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Two new linear silver(I) nitrate coordination polymers with bitopic ligand 1,1,2,2-tetra(pyrazol-1-yl)ethane were synthesized. Synthesized compounds were characterized by IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, powder X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis. Crystal structures of coordination polymers were determined and structural peculiarities are discussed.

Silver coordination polymers demonstrated a yellow emission near 500 nm upon excitation at 360 nm. In both of the structures, silver ions are connected via bridging ligand molecules to form polymeric chains with a five-atomic environment. The coordination environment of the central atom corresponds to a distorted trigonal bipyramid with two N atoms of different ligands in apical positions. The Ag–N bond distances vary in a wide range of 2.31–2.62 Å, giving strongly distorted metallacycles. Thermolysis of coordination polymers in reductive atmosphere (H2/He) leads to the formation of silver nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution.
Oncolytic adenoviruses are promising therapeutic agents against both the bulk of tumor cells and cancer stem cells.

The present study intended to test the oncolytic capability of adenovirus serotype 6 (Ad6), which has a lower seroprevalence and hepatotoxicity relatively to adenovirus 5 (Ad5), against the glioblastoma and its cancer stem cells.Oncolytic efficacy of Ad6 was compared to widespread Ad5 both in vitro and in vivo, using the U87 and U251 human glioblastoma cell lines and subcutaneously transplanted U87 cells in SCID mice, respectively.Ad6 had a dose-dependent cytotoxicity toward glioblastoma cells in vitro and its intratumoral injections lead to a significant (p<0.05) decrease in volume of U87 xenografts, similarly to Ad5. Based on the innate capability of glioblastoma cancer stem cells to internalize a fluorescent-labeled double-stranded DNA probe, the spatial localization of these cells was estimated and it was shown that the number of cancer stem cells tended to decrease under adenovirus therapy as compared to the control group.

Ad6 was shown to be a promising agent for treating glioblastomas.
The development of essential hypertension is associated with a wide range of mechanisms. The brain stem neurons are essential for the homeostatic regulation of arterial pressure as they control baroreflex and sympathetic nerve activity. The ISIAH (Inherited Stress Induced Arterial Hypertension) rats reproduce the human stress-sensitive hypertensive disease with predominant activation of the neuroendocrine hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and sympathetic adrenal axes.

RNA-Seq analysis of the brain stems from the hypertensive ISIAH and normotensive control WAG (Wistar Albino Glaxo) rats was performed to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and the main central mechanisms (biological processes and metabolic pathways) contributing to the hypertensive state in the ISIAH rats.

The study revealed 224 DEGs. Their annotation in databases showed that 22 of them were associated with hypertension and blood pressure (BP) regulation, and 61 DEGs were associated with central nervous system diseases. In accordance with the functional annotation of DEGs, the key role of hormonal metabolic processes and, in particular, the enhanced biosynthesis of aldosterone in the brain stem of ISIAH rats was proposed. Multiple DEGs associated with several Gene Ontology (GO) terms essentially related to modulation of BP were identified. Abundant groups of DEGs were related to GO terms associated with responses to different stimuli including response to organic (hormonal) substance, to external stimulus, and to stress. Several DEGs making the most contribution to the inter-strain differences were detected including the Ephx2, which was earlier defined as a major candidate gene in the studies of transcriptional profiles in different tissues/organs (hypothalamus, adrenal gland and kidney) of ISIAH rats. The results of the study showed that inter-strain differences in ISIAH and WAG brain stem functioning might be a result of the imbalance in processes leading to the pathology development and those, exerting the compensatory effects. The data obtained in this study are useful for a better understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying the complexity of the brain stem processes in ISIAH rats, which are a model of stress-sensitive form of hypertension.
The development of an algorithm for automated selection of boundaries based on well logging data with help of wavelet transform

its application on different well logging methods, determination of the optimal parameters of the algorithm and the exponency of each method

the comparison of the result of the algorithm with the work of a specialist geologist
We measure the effects of transverse wakefields driven by a relativistic proton bunch in plasma with densities of 2.1×1014 and 7.7×1014 electrons/cm3. We show that these wakefields periodically defocus the proton bunch itself, consistently with the development of the seeded self-modulation process. We show that the defocusing increases both along the bunch and along the plasma by using time resolved and time-integrated measurements of the proton bunch transverse distribution. We evaluate the transverse wakefield amplitudes and show that they exceed their seed value (< 15 MV=m) and reach over 300 MV=m. All these results confirm the development of the seeded self-modulation process, a necessary condition for external injection of low energy and acceleration of electrons to multi-GeV energy levels.
We construct examples that show the difference in behavior of π-maximal and π-submaximal subgroups under group homomorphisms.
We investigate oxygen-deficient anatase using quantum-chemical simulation within the density functional theory. It was found that the most energetically favorable spatial configuration of an oxygen polyvacancy is a three-dimensional chain in crystallographic direction [100] or [010]. The ability of oxygen polyvacancy in the form of a chain to act as a conductive filament and to participate in the resistive switching is discussed.
The heat flux distribution near the contact lines of one or several (3) drops on a horizontal heated constantan foil is investigated.

The temperature distribution of the bottom foil surface was measured by the FLIR infrared (IR) camera. To measure the heat flux distribution near the contact lines numerical solution of the Cauchy problem is used.

The maximum of the heat flux density is observed near the contact line and it exceeds the average heat flux density by several times. This is due to relatively high heat conductivity coefficient of the foil material and high evaporation rate in the contact line region, so the heat flux from the foil periphery (out of the drop) is enter to the contact line region of the drop.
Heparan sulfates (HS) are key components of mammalian cells surface and extracellular matrix. Structure and composition of HS, generated by HS biosynthetic system through non-template driven process, are significantly altered in cancer tissues. The aim of this study was to investigate an involvement of HS metabolic machinery in prostate carcinogenesis. Transcriptional patterns of HS-metabolic enzymes (EXT1, EXT2, NDST1, NDST2, GLCE, 3OST1/HS3ST1, SULF1, SULF2, HPSE) were determined in normal, benign and cancer human prostate tissues and cell lines (PNT2, LNCaP, PC3, DU145). Stability of the HS-metabolic system patterns under the pressure of external or internal stimuli was studied. Overall impairment of transcriptional activity of HS metabolic machinery was detected in benign prostate hyperplasia, while both significant decrease in the transcriptional activity and changes in the expression patterns of HS metabolism-involved genes were shown in prostate tumours. Prostate cancer cell lines possessed specific transcriptional patterns of HS metabolism-involved genes; however expression activity of the system was similar to that of normal prostate PNT2 cells. HS metabolic system was able to dynamically react to different external or internal stimuli in cell type-dependent manner. LNCaP cells were sensitive to the external stimuli (5-aza-deoxycytidin or Trichostatin A treatments; co-cultivation with human fibroblasts), whereas PC3 cells almost did not respond to the treatments. Ectopic GLCE over-expression resulted in transcriptional activation of HS biosynthetic machinery in both cell lines, suggesting an existence of a self-regulating mechanism for the coordinated transcription of HS metabolism-involved genes. Taken together, these findings demonstrate impairment of HS metabolic system in prostate tumours in vivo but not in prostate cancer cells in vitro, and suggest that as a potential microenvironmental biomarker for prostate cancer diagnostics and treatment.
The data are compared with the classical case of a single round submerged jet.

The results of large eddy simulation of flow dynamics in a system of two parallel round turbulent jets are presented. Twin jets are investigated at Reynolds numbers Re = 5500 and 11000; the cases with different distances between the jet axes s/d = 1.8 and 2.4 are examined.
The formation of the MS cluster starting from insulin resistance (IR), visceral obesity, dyslipidemia, arterial hypertension and carbohydrate metabolism disorders (CMD) against the background of estrogenic deficiency defines postmenopause as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and increased cardiovascular risk. The TyG index (logarithmic ratio of triglyceride and fasting plasma glucose levels) is proposed for surrogate evaluation of IR, reflecting an integrated approach to metabolic disorders. Aim: To assess the relationship between the TyG Index and HOMA2-IR and its informativeness in predicting the risk of DM2 in women in postmenopause. Materials and methods: TyG and HOMA2-IR indices (C-peptide) were determined in 94 postmenopausal women 58.02 ± 5.88 years of age, evaluated according to NCEP ATP III criteria and divided into groups: 1st - DM2, 2nd - prediabetes, 3rd - without CMD (HbAlc 7.3 ± 1.0; 6.2 ± 0.2 and 5.5 ± 0.4%, respectively). By means of SPSS (version 17) we evaluated ME (25-75%); intergroup differences by Mann-Whitney criteria; we performed correlation and ROC-analysis. Results: TyG correlates with HOMA2IR in group 2 (R = 0.61; p = 0.013) and 3 (R = 0.60; p = 0.001). In the process of ROC-analysis cut-off for TyG was revealed, reflecting the chance of presence of DM2 in groups 2 and 3: 7.5 (sensitivity 0.938 and specificity 0.813) and 8.0 (sensitivity 0.894 and specificity 0.810), respectively. Conclusion: TyG index allows predicting the development of dysglycemia in women in postmenopause with the signs of MS through the phenomenon of lipoglucotoxicity.
Currently, studies on the mechanisms of the pathogenesis of plant diseases and their distribution in crops are intensively conducted in Russia and the world. First of all, this interest is associated with a significant effect of pathogens on the harvest. In Western Siberia, brown rust and powdery mildew are almost annually recorded in the crops of spring and winter wheat, reaching in some years up to the epiphytotic level.

In this regard, methods for monitoring the condition of crops in order to predict their dynamics and plan agrotechnological events to control the state of plants in crops, including the development of fungal infection are developing. Models of fungal infections development on the wheat leaf (for example, brown rust) are used to monitor, predict and control the state of crops in order to optimize the growing process. Mathematical models allow computational experiments to make predictions about the risk dynamics of infections in different scenarios of global weather changes. Such designation of models assumes their hierarchical structure characteristic of multilevel modeling systems.

This review presents models for the development of foliar fungal infections in crops, and formulates the methodological aspects of system modeling that can be used for adapting existing models and their units, and developing new models based on them. The article presents the structure of the hierarchical system for modeling the development of leafy infection, provides an overview of the units constituting the system, and discusses the issues of parametric adaptation of submodels. We demonstrated that, to date, plant growth and development models have been developed with varying degrees of detail. Currently, to develop a system for modeling the development of an infection in a crop, it is necessary to determine a large body of available experimental data and, by taking into account this data, we can put together a model as a system consisting of model modules, for which the models of basic processes have already been developed and described.
The performance of an ultrathin (thickness < 0.04 λ 0 ) metasurface superoscillatory lens (metaSOL) is experimentally demonstrated in the terahertz (THz) range. The metaSOL is designed using two different hexagonal unit cells to improve the efficiency and properties of the conventional transparent–opaque zoning approach. The focusing metastructure produces, at a frequency f exp = 295 GHz, a sharp focal spot 8.9 λ exp away from its output surface with a transversal resolution of 0.52 λ exp (≈25% below the resolution limit imposed by diffraction), a power enhancement of 18.2 dB, and very low side lobe level (−13 dB). Resolution below the diffraction limit is demonstrated in a broad fractional operation bandwidth of 18%. The focusing capabilities of the proposed metaSOL show its potential use in a range of applications such as THz imaging, microscopy, and communications.
In the current article, we provide in vitro efficacy evaluation of a unique accelerator-based neutron source, constructed at the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (Novosibirsk, Russian Federation), for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT), which is particularly effective in the case of invasive cancers. U251MG, CHO-K1 and V79 cells were incubated and irradiated in various concentrations of boric acid with epithermal neutrons for 2-3 h in a plexiglass phantom, using 2.0 MeV proton energy and 1.5-3.0 mA proton current, resulting in a neutron fluence of 2.16 × 1012 cm-2. The survival curves of cells loaded with boron were normalized to those irradiated without boron (to exclude the influence of the fast neutron and gamma dose components) and fit to the linear-quadratic (LQ) model. Colony formation assays showed the following cell survival rates (means ± SDs): CHO-K1: 0.348 ± 0.069 (10 ppm), 0.058 ± 0.017 (20 ppm), 0.018 ± 0.005 (40 ppm); V79: 0.476 ± 0.160 (10 ppm), 0.346 ± 0.053 (20 ppm), 0.078 ± 0.015 (40 ppm); and U251MG: 0.311 ± 0.061 (10 ppm), 0.131 ± 0.022 (20 ppm), 0.020 ± 0.010 (40 ppm). The difference between treated cells and controls was significant in all cases (P < 0.01) and confirmed that the neutron source and irradiation regimen were sufficient for control over cell colony formation. We believe our study will serve as a model for ongoing in vitro experiments on neutron capture therapy to advance in this area for further development of accelerator-based BNCT into the clinical phase.
This article considers the participation of representatives of the non-Slavic population of the Russian Empire in the coronation ceremony of the monarch. The author of the article refers both to published and archival sources from the funds of the Russian State Historical Archive and the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts.

The research methodology is based on the analysis of the symbolic capital of supreme power. The article reveals how it was maintained and supported in the eyes of different ethnic subjects.

On the basis of these documents, it is demonstrated how 'alien' deputations were compiled for participation in the 'sacred coronation' ceremony; how officials in the centre and periphery selected deputies who they thought were worthy; in which capacity they attended the ceremony; and what value it had for the internal policy of the state. The cooperation with the elites of the peoples that made up the Russian Empire was one of the leading principles of ethnic politics. An important means of involving ethnic elites (as well as the non-Slavic population in general) in the life of the state and implementing government policies was to form a cult of the Russian monarch. The convocation of multiethnic masses in the Kremlin and other Moscow celebrations not only marked the national diversity of Russia but was also meant to demonstrate the unity of all its inhabitants around the new autocrat. Participation in a series of coronation rituals was also important for the non-Russian subjects themselves. It was an opportunity to represent one's people. Gradually, an algorithm was developed for the selection of people invited to the celebration. Representatives of the ethnic elite, aristocracy, and highest clergy were seen as the most desirable, although by the end of the nineteenth century, it was considered reasonable to invite commoners. The participation of representatives of the country's peoples in the ceremony of enthronement was an important element of imperial ethnic policy.
This work is devoted to the experimental study of coherent structures in swirling jets flowing onto a heated surface. To measure the velocity fields with a high acquisition rate of 3.5 kHz Stereo Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurement system is used. Simultaneously with PIV measurements, the temperature of the heated surface is measured by high-speed thermometry. The experiments are carried out for three different cases of swirling and two distances from the nozzle to the impingement surface. It is shown that only in the case of strongly swirling jet breakdown of vortex core and bubble-type recirculation zone appear. In this flow regime, large-scale vortex structures of spiral shape are found. The contribution of coherent structures to the fluctuations of velocity and temperature is analyzed for a strongly swirling jet by using Spectral Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (SPOD) method and spatial Fourier transform. It is found that the strongly swirling jet for H/d = 1 provides most effective overall cooling of the surface for the considered flow configurations.
High-flux neutron sources are relevant to testing materials for thermonuclear facilities and hadron colliders, treating malignant tumors with boron neutron capture therapy, and other applications.

An accelerator-based neutron source was proposed and implemented at the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics in Novosibirsk, Russia.It comprises an originally designed tandem accelerator, a solid lithium target, and a neutron beam shaping assembly.

The neutron source has been found capable of producing high neutron fluxes in different energy ranges, from thermal to fast.It is applicable to a wide range of research tasks, including the characterization of neutron detectors, intended for fusion studies, in-depth investigation of the promising 11 B(p, ) neutronless fusion reaction, etc.
Background The scent from receptive female mice functions as a signal, which stimulates male mice to search for potential mating partners. This searching behavior is coupled with infection risk due to sniffing both scent marks as well as nasal and anogenital areas of females, which harbor bacteria and viruses. Consideration of host evolution under unavoidable parasitic pressures, including helminthes, bacteria, viruses, etc., predicts adaptations that help protect hosts against the parasites associated with mating.

Methods and Findings We propose that the perception of female signals by BALB/c male mice leads to adaptive redistribution of the immune defense directed to protection against respiratory infection risks. Our results demonstrate migration of macrophages and neutrophils to the upper airways upon exposure to female odor stimuli, which results in an increased resistance of the males to experimental influenza virus infection. This moderate leukocyte intervention had no negative effect on the aerobic performance in male mice.

Conclusions Our data provide the first demonstration of the adaptive immunological response to female odor stimuli through induction of nonspecific immune responses in the upper respiratory tract.
The mechanisms regulating clonal expansion and contraction of T cells in response to immunization remain to be identified. A recent study established that there was a log-linear relation between CD4 T-cell precursor number (PN) and factor of expansion (FE), with a slope of ∼-0.5 over a range of 3-30,000 precursors per mouse. The results suggested inhibition of precursor expansion either by competition for specific antigen-presenting cells or by the action of other antigen-specific cells in the same microenvironment as the most likely explanation. Several molecular mechanisms potentially accounting for such inhibition were examined and rejected.

Here we adopt a previously proposed concept, "feedback-regulated balance of growth and differentiation," and show that it can explain the observed findings. We assume that the most differentiated effectors (or memory cells) limit the growth of less differentiated effectors, locally, by increasing the rate of differentiation of the latter cells in a dose-dependent manner. Consequently, expansion is blocked and reversed after a delay that depends on initial PN, accounting for the dependence of the peak of the response on that number. We present a parsimonious mathematical model capable of reproducing immunization response kinetics. Model definition is achieved in part by requiring consistency with available BrdU-labeling and carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE)-dilution data. The calibrated model correctly predicts FE as a function of PN.

We conclude that feedback-regulated balance of growth and differentiation, although awaiting definite experimental characterization of the hypothetical cells and molecules involved in regulation, can explain the kinetics of CD4 T-cell responses to antigenic stimulation.
The solid-state photo-chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (photo-CIDNP) effect generates non-Boltzmann nuclear spin magnetization, referred to as hyperpolarization, allowing for high gain of sensitivity in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Well known to occur in photosynthetic reaction centers, the effect was also observed in a light-oxygen-voltage (LOV) domain of the blue-light receptor phototropin, in which the functional cysteine was removed to prevent photo-chemical reactions with the cofactor, a flavin mononucleotide (FMN). Upon illumination, the FMN abstracts an electron from a tryptophan to form a transient spin-correlated radical pair (SCRP) generating the photo-CIDNP effect. Here, we report on designed molecular spin-machines producing nuclear hyperpolarization upon illumination: a LOV domain of aureochrome1a from Phaeodactylum tricornutum, and a LOV domain named 4511 from Methylobacterium radiotolerans (Mr4511) which lacks an otherwise conserved tryptophan in its wild-type form. Insertion of the tryptophan at canonical and novel positions in Mr4511 yields photo-CIDNP effects observed by 15N and 1H liquid-state high-resolution NMR with a characteristic magnetic-field dependence indicating an involvement of anisotropic magnetic interactions and a slow-motion regime in the transient paramagnetic state. The heuristic biomimetic design opens new categories of experiments to analyze and apply the photo-CIDNP effect.
recent years these ligands have been studied for their capacity as conductors and in optical applications.

Our objective is to use these previously reported ligands as well as novel ligands and coordinate them to various transition metals in order to prepare unique metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Coordination of the ligand 1,4bis(4'-pyridyl)butadiyne, with CuNO3 has been shown to form square-grid architectures with the inclusion of methylene chloride solvent.

This supramolecular material and other related examples have been investigated for their gas sorption abilities.