Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Low-temperature transport properties of a lateral quantum dot formed by overlaying finger gates in a clean one-dimensional channel are investigated. Continuous and periodic oscillations superimposed upon ballistic conductance steps are observed, when the conductance G of the dot changes within a wide range 02e^2/h may be due to suppression of inter-1D-subband scattering. Fully transmitted subbands contribute to coherent background of conductance, while sequential tunneling via weakly transmitted subbands leads to Coulomb charging of the dot.
Auxin and ethylene pathways cooperatively regulate a variety of developmental processes in plants. Growth responses to ethylene are largely dependent on auxin, the key regulator of plant morphogenesis. Auxin, in turn, is capable of inducing ethylene biosynthesis and signaling making the interaction of these hormones reciprocal. Recent studies discovered a bunch of molecular events underlying auxin-ethylene crosstalk. In this review, we summarize the results of fine-scale and large-scale experiments on interaction of auxin and ethylene pathways in Arabidopsis. We integrate the knowledge on the molecular crosstalk events, their tissue specificity and associated phenotypic responses to decipher the crosstalk mechanisms at a systems level. We also discuss the prospects of applying systems biology approaches to study the mechanisms of crosstalk between plant hormones.
We study the potential impact of a possible warming in the Arctic Ocean in the 21st century on the methane hydrates stability zone. In order to assess the space-time variability of the ocean bottom temperature, we employ a regional version of a coupled ice-ocean model that has been developed at the Institute of Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Geophysics, Siberian Brunch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. This study is based on a combination of the coupled ocean-ice model and a one-dimensional thermal diffusion sediment model. As an atmospheric forcing, some results obtained with CMIP5 climate models simulated with the RCP8.5 scenario (from 2006-2100) are used. We have found that warm North Atlantic water will have a major influence on the Arctic gas hydrates. In such regions as the Barents Sea, the West Svalbard continental margin, and the continental shelf of Norway methane hydrates may exist in shallow waters, where the strongest warming occurs. For this reason, these regions are most vulnerable to releasing methane into the ocean and the atmosphere when the sea water temperature is increased by approximately 2-3 °C. According to our estimates, the seafloor water warming in these areas during the next 100 years may lead to a shift in the upper boundary of the gas hydrates stability zone by 10-110 m.
We studied the formation process of a mayenite structure from hydroxide precursors in different gas media. According to X-ray diffraction data, this method allows a well-crystallized mayenite (Ca12Al14O33 or C12A7) phase to be obtained at low (500-900 °C) temperatures with an insignificant impurity of CaO. It was shown that the lattice parameters for C12A7 obtained in an inert atmosphere (Ar) were lower when compared with similar samples in the air. These results can be explained by the different levels of oxygen nonstoichiometry in the resulting phase. We noted that sintering and crystallization of mayenite proceeds at lower temperatures in Ar than in the air medium. We found the presence of donor and acceptor active sites on the surface of mayenite, which was detected by the spin probe method. The specific (per unit surface) concentration of such sites (2.5 × 1016 m-2 and 1.5 × 1015 m-2 for donor and acceptor sites, respectively) is comparable to that of γ-Al2O3, which is traditionally used as catalyst support. This allows it to be used in adsorption and catalytic technologies, taking into account its high specific surface area (~30-50 m2/g at a low synthesis temperature).
Observations of gamma rays up to several 100 TeV are particularly important to spectrally resolve the cutoff regime of the long-sought Pevatrons, the cosmic-ray PeV accelerators. One component of the TAIGA hybrid detector is the TAIGA-HiSCORE timing array, which currently consists of 28 wide angle (0.6 sr) air Cherenkov timing stations distributed on an area of 0.25 km2. The HiSCORE concept is based on (non-imaging) air shower front sampling with Cherenkov light. First results are presented.
BioUML (https://www.biouml.org)—is a web-based integrated platform for systems biology and data analysis. It supports visual modelling and construction of hierarchical biological models that allow us to construct the most complex modular models of blood pressure regulation, skeletal muscle metabolism, COVID-19 epidemiology. BioUML has been integrated with git repositories where users can store their models and other data. We have also expanded the capabilities of BioUML for data analysis and visualization of biomedical data: (i) any programs and Jupyter kernels can be plugged into the BioUML platform using Docker technology; (ii) BioUML is integrated with the Galaxy and Galaxy Tool Shed; (iii) BioUML provides two-way integration with R and Python (Jupyter notebooks): scripts can be executed on the BioUML web pages, and BioUML functions can be called from scripts; (iv) using plug-in architecture, specialized viewers and editors can be added. For example, powerful genome browsers as well as viewers for molecular 3D structure are integrated in this way; (v) BioUML supports data analyses using workflows (own format, Galaxy, CWL, BPMN, nextFlow). Using these capabilities, we have initiated a new branch of the BioUML development—u-science—a universal scientific platform that can be configured for specific research requirements.
We consider an extended dynamic model of tungsten vapor distribution when the surface of a tungsten sample is heated by an electronic beam pulse. The parameters of the model are taken from the experiments on the Beam of Electrons for materials Test Applications (BETA) stand. This stand was designed in the INP SB RAS. The temperature in the sample is calculated from the two-phase Stefan problem. The temperature on the surface of the sample is taken as a boundary condition for the system of gas dynamics equations. A case of axial symmetry is considered. A parallel version of the algorithm, implemented using OpenMP technology, is presented.
Domesticated species exhibit a suite of behavioral, endocrinological, and morphological changes referred to as "domestication syndrome." These changes may include a reduction in reactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and specifically reduced adrenocorticotropic hormone release from the anterior pituitary.

To investigate the biological mechanisms targeted during domestication, we investigated gene expression in the pituitaries of experimentally domesticated foxes (Vulpes vulpes). RNA was sequenced from the anterior pituitary of six foxes selectively bred for tameness ("tame foxes") and six foxes selectively bred for aggression ("aggressive foxes").

Expression, splicing, and network differences identified between the two lines indicated the importance of genes related to regulation of exocytosis, specifically mediated by cAMP, organization of pseudopodia, and cell motility. These findings provide new insights into biological mechanisms that may have been targeted when these lines of foxes were selected for behavior and suggest new directions for research into HPA axis regulation and the biological underpinnings of domestication.
We comment on the paper "Dark Matter collisions with the Human Body" by K. Freese and C. Savage (Phys. Lett. B 717, 25 (2012) [arXiv:1204.1339]) and describe a dark matter model for which the results of the previous paper do not quite apply.

Within this mirror dark matter model, potentially hazardous objects, mirror micrometeorites, can exist

and may lead to diseases triggered by multiple mutations, such as cancer, though with very low probability.
The objective of this research is to develop and to study iterative methods in the Krylov subspaces for solving systems of linear algebraic equations (SLAEs) with non-symmetric sparse matrices of high orders arising in the approximation of multi-dimensional boundary value problems on the unstructured grids. These methods are also relevant in many applications, including diffusion-convection equations. The considered algorithms are based on constructing A T A — orthogonal direction vectors calculated using short recursions and providing global minimization of a residual at each iteration. Methods based on the Lanczos orthogonalization, A T — preconditioned conjugate residuals algorithm, as well as the left Gauss transform for the original SLAEs are implemented. In addition, the efficiency of these iterative processes is investigated when solving algebraic preconditioned systems using an approximate factorization of the original matrix in the Eisenstat modification. The results of a set of computational experiments for various grids and values of convective coefficients are presented, which demonstrate a sufficiently high efficiency of the approaches under consideration.
Photoelectron scattering in a p-GaN(Cs,O) photocathode was studied by photoelectron emission spectroscopy at low temperatures. It has been experimentally established that the transfer of photoelectrons from the bulk of a p-GaN(Cs,O) photocathode to vacuum is accompanied by the emission of a cascade of optical phonons in the bulk and at the GaN–vacuum interface. Based on how the high-energy features of the photoelectron energy distribution shift with the photon energy, we find mhh / m0 = 2.3 ± 0.3.
The article discusses the regulations governing climate policies of countries. The fundamental differences between agreements with the aim of reducing environmental degradation are described.

Since CO2 emissions are determined by the volume of energy consumption, the article presents an analysis of energy consumption in the context of macroregions
The study provides experimental evidence of scientific ideas that are important for developing the phenomenological basis of the theory of phase transformations in the ‘coal – methane’ system accompanying the formation of gas-dynamic processes in coal beds when their initial stress-strain state and temperature background are disturbed during mining. Residual gas content of coal was determined versus the time after its recovery from coal beds and the weighted mean particle size; the effect of the pore structure of natural coals on the gas-dynamic activity of coal beds was estimated. It was shown that the major part of volatile compounds (mostly methane) is dissolved in the bulk of carbon layers.
Methods for the synthesis of binuclear [Cu(hfac)2LEt]2 and tetranuclear [[Cu(hfac)2]4(LEt)2] heterospin compounds based on copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate [Cu(hfac)2] and 2-(4-ethylpyridin-3-yl)-4,5-bis(spirocyclopentyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole-3-oxide-1-oxyl (LEt), were developed.

The crystals of the complexes are elastic and do not crash during repeated cooling–heating cycles. It was found that a singlet–triplet conversion occurred in all of the {Cu(II)–O•–N<} exchange clusters in the molecules of the binuclear [Cu(hfac)2LEt]2 which led to spin coupling with cooling. The transition occurred in a wide temperature range with a maximum gradient ΔχT at ≈180 K.

The structural transformation of the crystals takes place at T < 200 K and is accompanied by the lowering of symmetry from monoclinic to triclinic, twinning, and a considerable shortening of the Cu–ONO distance (2.19 and 1.97 Å at 295 and 50 K, respectively). For the tetranuclear [[Cu(hfac)2]4(LEt)2], two structural transitions were recorded (at ≈154 K and ≈118 K), which led to a considerable change in the spatial position of the Et substituent in the nitronyl nitroxyl fragment. The low-temperature process was accompanied by a spin transition recorded as a hysteresis loop on the χT(T) curve during the repeated cooling–heating cycles (T½↑ = 122 K, T½↓ = 115 K). This transition is unusual because it causes spin coupling in half of all of the {>N–•O–Cu2+} terminal exchange clusters, leading to spin compensation for only two paramagnetic centers of the six centers in the molecule.
Nowadays evolutionary optimization techniques become an integral part of the design process of hydraulic turbine runners. For optimization the shape of the runner is parameterized by a set of geometrical parameters. The objective functions of each runner geometry, being the efficiency and cavitation performance, are evaluated through CFD analysis of 3D flow-field. As usual, some kind of genetic algorithm is used for searching the Pareto front, due to its inherent possibility of parallel evaluation of different runner variants within one generation. This approach requires extensive CFD computations of hundreds and thousands of runner variants.

In order to speed up the optimization process a metamodel (approximate, surrogate model) can be utilized. The metamodel provides an approximation of true dependency of the objective functions on the design parameters. The metamodel is built based on the known objective functions for some initial set of points randomly taken form the design space. Once built, it can be used to replace time consuming CFD computations during the optimization process. In the present paper a metamodel, based on Gaussian processes, is implemented and integrated into a multi-objective genetic algorithm. The obtained algorithm is applied for shape optimization of the Francis turbine runner. The number of the design parameters varied from 4 to 24. The objective functions are multi-point efficiency and cavitation characteristics. True values of the objective functions are evaluated using Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes computations of the flow field in a reduced turbine domain, including wicket gate, runner and draft tube. These values are used to train the initial metamodel. In order to enhance predictive capabilities of the metamodel, it is retrained periodically during the optimization loop.

The results of metamodel-assisted optimization runs are compared to that obtained without metamodel. It is shown that application of metamodel significantly reduces the number of actual CFD computations even for high number of design parameters and thus speeds up the overall optimization process.
Higher educational institutions throughout the world are involved in communication with each other, exchanging instructional ideas and practices, as well as exchanging students through a number of international mobility programs.

For this purpose, 34 Russian students who study in French universities and higher schools ("grandes écoles") as exchange students were interviewed in Paris (France) and Novosibirsk (Russia).

The research shows that language-game is used in different dimensions of adaptation related to educational system, sociocultural context, mentality, and sociopolitical life. In order to overcome problems in adaptation and establish successful interaction, students use language-game to adjust to the unfamiliar social, cultural, and educational contexts.
Aim . To evaluate the results of a three-year follow-up of patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) and quality of life (QOL) dynamics after pulmonary thromboendarterectomy (PTE).

Material and methods . The study included 125 patients with CTEPH aged 49,7± 11,9 years. Three-year follow-up included the recording of adverse cardiovascular events, surgeries, death during the period from the end of hospitalization and up to three years. The SF-36 questionnaire was used to assess physical and mental wellbeing before and three years after PTE. Multivariate linear regression was used to assess the factors affecting QOL in the long-term postoperative period.

Results . During a three-year follow-up, adverse cardiovascular events was recorded in 1,9% of patients. One patient underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery and one patient — cholecystectomy. Reoperative PTE was not carried out. The overall three-year survival rate was 90,4%.At baseline, patients with CTEPH had a low level of physical and mental well-being (<40 points). Three years after the operation, these parameters significantly increased (p<0,05), but did not exceed 50 points. Multivariate linear regression revealed an unfavorable effect of early postoperative residual pulmonary hypertension on the physical health three years after PTE. Other factors (age, sex, body weight, comorbidity, hospital acquired complications) did not affect the physical and emotional aspects of QOL. Conclusion . Three-year survival rate in patients with CTEPH after PTE was 90,4%. During the follow-up period, no recurrent thromboembolic events were recorded. Adverse cardiovascular events were recorded in 1,9% of patients. Three years after surgery, the physical and mental health increased in comparison with preoperative values, but did not exceed 50 points on the SF-36 questionnaire. The physical aspect of QOL after surgery is affected by early postoperative residual pulmonary hypertension.
Color is one of the principles of culture; many cultural phenomena cannot be understood without taking into account the importance of color. In particular, in descriptions of person one can distinguish a number of general associative color fields with similarities and differences.

Method of investigation: semantic and communicative analysis. Material of the research: the paper features phraseological units with the elements of color identification 'white', 'black' and 'red' from verbal folklore and Kazakh literature classics, as well as works by Russian and English writers.

A study of phraseological dictionaries of the Kazakh, English and Russian languages, as well as works of fiction, has revealed that the color designation 'ақ-белый-white' and 'қара-черный-black' differ in their versatility in describing one’s appearance, character and social status. In Kazakh, Russian, and English, white and black colors in description of person have a wide scope of application. Their frequency means that these color codes are part of a group of tokens with a high potential for phraseological activity.
The tenoxicam (4-hydroxy-2-methyl-N-2-pyridyl-2H-thieno(2,3-e)-1,2-thiazine-3-carboxamide 1,1-dioxide), is a non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID), member of oxicam family, widely used in the treatment of osteoporosis.Tenoxicam (TXM) could be present in the β-keto-enolic form (BKE) or β-diketone (BDK) and in a zwitterionic form (ZWC) (Figure 1).However, in solid form (more than 20 different compounds including polymorphic modifications, co-crystals, and solvates) [1 and present work] TXM has predominantly found in the zwitterionic form (ZWC).

While in a dissolved form, keto-enolic equilibrium is observed since recorded by us experimental absorption and fluorescence spectra for various TXM solutions show presence two forms of TXM (called A and B) in solvents with high polarity and only A form of TNX in low polar solvents (cyclohexane, toluene, chloroform, dioxane).

This led us to think about the possibility to obtain solid forms of tenoxicam contain it in BKE or BDK form.
Nonlinear wave formation and heat transfer in wavy film flowing over the isothermal wall in the present of phase transition are studied numerically. The integral-boundary-layer model, modified with account of the phase change at the interface has been used to describe the wave motion. For the first time the nonlinear evolution of forced two-dimensional waves was investigated, and wave effect on heat transfer was determined. It is shown that forced waves essentially intensify heat transfer within a certain range of frequencies as compared to the case of naturally occurring waves. Heat transfer enhancement by waves due to the predominant contribution of the thin residual layer between the peaks was demonstrated. It is shown that by applying the superimposed periodic oscillations, one can intensify heat transfer within a certain range of frequencies as compared to the case of naturally occurring waves.
We build an ℵ 1 -categorical but not ℵ 0 -categorical theory whose only computably presentable model is the saturated one.

As a tool, we introduce a notion related to limitwise monotonic functions.
Natural bio-nanocomposites (rice husk, sapropel, peat and brown coal) have been studied by TEM, XRD and SAXS.

Particle size distributions for the mineral matter in these systems were determined by SAXS with using full contrast technique.

In the rice husk silica nanoparticles are forming compact particles with bimodal distribution and mean size is equal 4.7 nm. In the case of peat and brown coal mineral matter in organic matrix are forming more large particles with compact shapes and mean sizes 14.1 nm and 14.3 nm respectively. In the sapropel inorganic matter are forming elongated structures with lengths are equal 20-70 nm and widths are equal 2-10 nm.
Abdominal aortic aneurysm is a serious disease which course is accompanied by the development of health complications and often leads to patient death due to aortic rupture. One of the powerful methods to estimate the risk of rupture is three-dimensional patient-specific hemodynamic analysis.

In this study, we develop a software tool based on deep learning and CFD methods to perform automated computational hemodynamics with patient-specific geometry reconstructed from computed tomography images.
. Results of extensive simulations of swell evolution within the duration-limited setup for the kinetic Hasselmann equation for long durations of up to 2 × 106 s are presented. Basic solutions of the theory of weak turbulence, the so-called Kolmogorov–Zakharov solutions, are shown to be relevant to the results of the simulations. Features of self-similarity of wave spectra are detailed and their impact on methods of ocean swell monitoring is discussed. Essential drop in wave energy (wave height) due to wave–wave interactions is found at the initial stages of swell evolution (on the order of 1000 km for typical parameters of the ocean swell). At longer times, wave–wave interactions are responsible for a universal angular distribution of wave spectra in a wide range of initial conditions. Weak power-law attenuation of swell within the Hasselmann equation is not consistent with results of ocean swell tracking from satellite altimetry and SAR (synthetic aperture radar) data. At the same time, the relatively fast weakening of wave–wave interactions makes the swell evolution sensitive to other effects. In particular, as shown, coupling with locally generated wind waves can force the swell to grow in relatively light winds.
McDonald criteria and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are used for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS); nevertheless, it takes a considerable amount of time to make a clinical decision. Amino acid and fatty acid metabolic pathways are disturbed in MS, and this information could be useful for diagnosis.

The aim of our study was to find changes in amino acid and acylcarnitine plasma profiles for distinguishing patients with multiple sclerosis from healthy controls. We have applied a targeted metabolomics approach based on tandem mass-spectrometric analysis of amino acids and acylcarnitines in dried plasma spots followed by multivariate statistical analysis for discovery of differences between MS (n=16) and control (n=12) groups.

It was found that partial least square discriminant analysis yielded better group classification as compared to principal component linear discriminant analysis and the random forest algorithm. All the three models detected noticeable changes in the amino acid and acylcarnitine profiles in the MS group relative to the control group. Our results hold promise for further development of the clinical decision support system.