Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
We present both a theoretical description and experimental observation of the nonlinear mutual interactions between a pair of copropagative breathers in the framework of the focusing one-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation. As a general case, we show that the resulting bound state of breathers exhibits moleculelike behavior with quasiperiodic oscillatory dynamics (i.e., internal coherent interactions and pulsations), while for commensurate conditions the molecule oscillations become exactly periodic. Our theoretical model is confirmed by an experimental observation of shaped moleculelike breather light waves propagating in a nearly conservative optical fiber system. Our work sheds new light on the existence of localized wave structures and recurrence dynamics beyond the multisoliton complexes.
To meet new trigger and data acquisition (TDAQ) buffering requirements and withstand the high expected radiation doses at the High-Luminosity LHC

The triangular calorimeter signals are amplified and shaped by analog electronics over a dynamic range of 16 bits, with low noise and excellent linearity. Developments of low-power preamplifiers and shapers in the 130 nm CMOS technology are ongoing to meet these requirements. In order to digitize the analog signals on two gains after shaping, a radiation-hard, low-power 40 MHz 14-bit Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) is developed using a pipeline + Successive Approximation Register (SAR) architecture in the 65 nm CMOS technology. Characterization of the prototypes of the front-end components show good promise to fulfill all the requirements.

The signals will be sent at 40 MHz to the off detector electronics, where Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) connected through high-speed links will perform energy and time reconstruction through the application of corrections and digital filtering. Reduced data will be sent with low latency to the first level trigger, while the full data will be buffered until the reception of trigger accept signals. The data-processing, control and timing functions will be realized by dedicated boards connected through Advanced Telecommunications Computing Architecture (ATCA) crates.
The preference for high-calorie foods depends on sex and contributes to obesity development. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) beneficially affects taste preferences and obesity, but its action has mainly been studied in males.

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of FGF21 on food preferences and glucose and lipid metabolism in C57Bl/6J male and female mice with diet-induced obesity. Mice were injected with FGF21 or vehicle for 7 days. Body weight, choice between standard (SD) and high-fat (HFD) diets, blood parameters, and gene expression in white (WAT) and brown (BAT) adipose tissues, liver, muscles, and the hypothalamus were assessed.

Compared to males, females had a greater preference for HFD; less WAT; lower levels of cholesterol, glucose, and insulin; and higher expression of Fgf21, Insr, Ppara, Pgc1, Acca and Accb in the liver and Dio2 in BAT. FGF21 administration decreased adiposity; blood levels of cholesterol, glucose, and insulin; hypothalamic Agrp expression, increased SD intake, decreased HFD intake independently of sex, and increased WAT expression of Pparg, Lpl and Lipe only in females. Thus, FGF21 administration beneficially affected mice of both sexes despite obesity-associated sex differences in metabolic characteristics, and it induced female-specific activation of gene expression in WAT.
The complex process of forming the information society is accompanied by new challenges, demands, public demands, dictating the need to revise the established ideas about the place, role and functions of participants of information communications. Socio-cultural transformations of the early XXI century foreground the problem of book and other mass media partnership in a changing information environment.

Formed in the XIX-XX centuries «relative» relations undergo revision in the competition for readers (information consumers). New channels and means of information transmission displace the traditional media in the information services market and create new conditions affecting the public consciousness.

Scientific discussions on these issues facilitate an exchange of views and reflection on new approaches to the analysis of emerging contradictions.
rSNP_Guide is a novel curated database system for analysis of transcription factor (TF) binding to target sequences in regulatory gene regions altered by mutations. It accumulates experimental data on naturally occurring site variants in regulatory gene regions and site-directed mutations.

This database system also contains the web tools for SNP analysis, i.e., active applet applying weight matrices to predict the regulatory site candidates altered by a mutation. The current version of the rSNP_Guide is supplemented by six sub-databases: (i) rSNP_DB, on DNA–protein interaction caused by mutation; (ii) SYSTEM, on experimental systems; (iii) rSNP_BIB, on citations to original publications; (iv) SAMPLES, on experimentally identified sequences of known regulatory sites; (v) MATRIX, on weight matrices of known TF sites; (vi) rSNP_Report, on characteristic examples of successful rSNP_Tools implementation.

These databases are useful for the analysis of natural SNPs and site-directed mutations. The databases are available through the Web, http://wwwmgs.bionet.nsc.ru/mgs/systems/rsnp/.
Application of scaffold technology for the problem of bone tissue regeneration has great prospects in modern medicine. The influence of fluid shear stress on stem cells cultivation and its differentiation into osteoblasts is the subject of intensive research.

Mathematical modeling of fluid flow in bioreactor allowed us to determine the structure of flow and estimate the level of mechanical stress on cells. The series of computations for different rotation frequencies (0.083, 0.124, 0.167, 0.2 and 0.233 Hz) was performed for the laminar flow regime approximation.

It was shown that the Taylor vortices in the gap between the cylinders qualitatively change the distribution of static pressure and shear stress in the region of vortices connection. It was shown that an increase in the rotation frequency leads to an increase of the unevenness in distribution of the above mentioned functions. The obtained shear stress and static pressure dependence on the rotational frequency make it possible to choose the operating mode of the reactor depending on the provided requirements. It was shown that in the range of rotation frequencies chosen in this work (0.083 < f < 0.233 Hz), the shear stress does not exceed the known literature data (0.002 - 0.1 Pa).
In the context of globalisation, there is a need to assess the difference between domestic and world price effects as an im- portant component of the economic analysis of investment projects. We developed an integrated approach to measuring the differences between commercial and public efficien cy (indicati ng pri ce effec ts) and substantiat ing the applicat ion of specific mechanisms for implementing relevant projects based on the principles of public-private partnership. We propose to estimate price effects using three interrelated models: financial and economic model, input-output multi-regional model, and econometric model. The combination of these models allows analysing large investment projects considering their influence on the develop- ment trends of the global, national and regional economy. This methodology was tested on the example of a real regional project for the construction of the Eastern Siberia — Pacific Ocean (ESPO-2) oil pipeline. The results show that the share of price effects amounted to more than 35 % of net present value within the framework of public efficiency, confirming their high significance. Tax price effects have the largest share in the structure of the price effects. Indirect price effects of the considered project are less significant. The research results have confirmed that the identification of indicators of public efficiency and in-depth analysis of price effects increase the validity of the assessment of regional infrastructure projects. In the future, we plan to use the proposed methods as an integral part of a comprehensive assessment of large-scale production, transport and research infrastructure projects.
T. kiharae (A t A t GGDD, 2n = 42) is of interest for the improvement of common wheat varieties as a source of high protein and gluten content and resistance to diseases.The
The interaction of a detonation wave with reactive supersonic flow has been studied using detailed and reduced kinetic schemes of chemical reactions in channels of various configurations: a channel with a step, a symmetric channel with a step, and a channel with a cavity. A mathematical technique based on the ANSYS/Fluent software has been developed to implement this interaction. Flow parameters are compared for various configurations and kinetic schemes. It has been shown that pulsating detonation can be used to enhance ignition in supersonic flow. The possibility of using a cavity to stabilize combustion in a supersonic combustor under the impact of a detonation wave has been demonstrated.
We report the first ground-based observation of the CATS-LIDAR onboard the ISS by the TAIGA-HiSCORE gamma-ray facility, and the MASTER-Tunka Robotic telescope.

HiSCORE detects unscattered laser light directly from the ISS, at up to km-scale distance from the laser beam spot on ground. The ISS-LIDAR turns out to be a unique calibration tool, in particular to verify the absolute astronomical pointing of HiSCORE. We detected the LIDAR for 11 ISS-passages; among these were observations of forward scattering of the laser beam in dense clouds, which might carry information complementary to the LIDAR technique.

We expect other air Cherenkov installations like IACTs to benefit from this light source.
The Archean metamorphism in the southwestern Siberian craton was confirmed by the studies of the Kitoy and Irkutsk blocks. However, the parameters of the metamorphism process are still poorly investigated.

The article presents the first results of studying the metamorphism conditions of garnet amphibolites sampled from the Kitoy sillimanite deposit. The reaction relationships of the studied minerals give grounds to distinguish two episodes of the regional metamorphism.

At the end of the first episode, (Т=710–770 °С and Р=8.3–8.8 kb), the pressure reduced to 1.3–2.5 kbar at T=700 °C at the retrograde stage, and amphibole-plagioclase rims formed around garnet grains. During the second episode of metamorphism, the temperature reached 890 °С (granulite facies), and Cpx+Opx paragenesis replaced hornblende. The second episode of metamorphism is not evident in all the samples (considering the same bulk rocks composition of the rocks), which suggests its local character.
Micrometric inclusions in platinum-group minerals (PGMs) from alluvial placers carry considerable information about types of primary rocks and ores, as well as conditions of their formation and alteration.

The PGM grains from alluvial placers of the Gornaya Shoria region (Siberia, Russia) were used as the subject of our investigation. In order to determine the chemical composition of such ultrafine inclusions, high-resolution analytical methods are needed. We compare the results acquired by wavelength-dispersive spectrometry (WDS; electron microprobe) and energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) methods.

The results obtained have good convergence. The EDS method is multi-elemental and more effective for mineral diagnostics in comparison with WDS, which is its certain advantage. The possible conditions for the formation of inclusions and layers of gold, sulfoarsenides and arsenides in Pt3Fe grains, which have an original sub-graphic and layered texture pattern, are discussed. They are the result of solid solution and eutectic decompositions and are associated with the magmatic stages of grain transformation, including the result of the interaction of Pt3Fe with a sulfide melt enriched with Te and As.
There was previously proposed a topos unified view-point both to relativistic and quantum physics [4-5] on the basis of Belnapian branching space-time [3]. In the context of this approach, to any event of the branching space-time there can be associated a local orthocomplemented lattice (logic) of 'physically reasonable' propositions made by a localized observer. Elements of these local orthologics are special collections of the so-called Belnapian worlds (maximal upward directed subsets of events) which the local event belongs to. In the ordinary quantum setting, the counterpart of any local orthologic is the lattice of closed subspaces of Hilbert space of the observer's environment.

The present work suggests a natural scheme of inserting truth probabilities of the 'physically reasonable' propositions into the topos framework. To this end, the concept of Chu spaces is used. The role of hypothesis for the state of environment is played by an element of local 'retro-causal' orthologic. Sufficient condition of functorial character of the law by which Chu space is related to any event is pointed and proved, i.e. a functor is constructed from the branching space-time to the category of all Chu spaces.

There presented a theorem on category nature of Bayesian reassessment of hypothesis likelihood made by the local observer.
The elliptic flow of prompt and non-prompt $$J/\psi $$ was measured in the dimuon decay channel in Pb+Pb collisions at $$\sqrt{s_{_\text {NN}}}=5.02$$ $$\text {TeV}$$ with an integrated luminosity of $$0.42~\mathrm {nb}^{-1}$$ with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The prompt and non-prompt signals are separated using a two-dimensional simultaneous fit of the invariant mass and pseudo-proper decay time of the dimuon system from the $$J/\psi $$ decay. The measurement is performed in the kinematic range of dimuon transverse momentum and rapidity $$9
We consider the simulation of scattering of the high-order vector Bessel beams in the discrete dipole approximation framework (DDA). For this purpose, a new general classification of all existing Bessel beam types was developed based on the superposition of transverse Hertz vector potentials. Next, we implemented these beams in ADDA code – an open-source parallel implementation of the DDA. The code enables easy and efficient simulation of Bessel beams scattering by arbitrary-shaped particles. Moreover, these results pave the way for the following research related to the Bessel beam scattering near a substrate and optical forces.
Peptide-oligonucleotide conjugates (POCs) represent one of the increasingly successful albeit costly approaches to increasing the cellular uptake, tissue delivery, bioavailability, and, thus, overall efficiency of therapeutic nucleic acids, such as, antisense oligonucleotides and small interfering RNAs. This review puts the subject of chemical synthesis of POCs into the wider context of therapeutic oligonucleotides and the problem of nucleic acid drug delivery, cell-penetrating peptide structural types, the mechanisms of their intracellular transport, and the ways of application, which include the formation of non-covalent complexes with oligonucleotides (peptide additives) or covalent conjugation. The main strategies for the synthesis of POCs are viewed in detail, which are conceptually divided into (a) the stepwise solid-phase synthesis approach and (b) post-synthetic conjugation either in solution or on the solid phase, especially by means of various click chemistries. The relative advantages and disadvantages of both strategies are discussed and compared.
We provide a perspective overview of the emerging field of nonlinear optics in multimode optical fibers. These fibers enable new methods for the ultrafast light-activated control of temporal, spatial, and spectral degrees of freedom of intense, pulsed beams of light, for a range of different technological applications.
We revisit cosmic microwave background (CMB) constraints on the abundance of millicharged particles based on the Planck data.

The stringent limit Omega_{mcp}h^2 < 0.001 (95% CL) may be set using the CMB data alone if millicharged particles participate in the acoustic oscillations of baryon-photon plasma at the recombination epoch. The latter condition is valid for a wide region of charges and masses of the particles.

Adding the millicharged component to LCDM shifts prefered scalar spectral index of primordial perturbations to somewhat larger values as compared to minimal model, even approaching Harrison-Zeldovich spectrum under some assumptions.
The Russian System for Differential Correction and Monitoring (SDCM) is introduced. The current role of SDCM as a provider of positioning navigation and timing services is described. It is shown that the next generation infrastructure for high-precision positioning can be based on SDCM.
We overview recent experimental results of beam self-cleaning observed in various types of multimode fibers. We analyze the output spatial beam shapes and their connection with the refractive index profile of the fibers.
High-performance p-type thin-film transistors (pTFTs) are crucial for realizing low-power display-on-panel and monolithic three-dimensional integrated circuits. Unfortunately, it is difficult to achieve a high hole mobility of greater than 10 cm2/V·s, even for SnO TFTs with a unique single-hole band and a small hole effective mass.

In this paper, we demonstrate a high-performance GeSn pTFT with a high field-effect hole mobility (μFE), of 41.8 cm2/V·s; a sharp turn-on subthreshold slope (SS), of 311 mV/dec, for low-voltage operation; and a large on-current/off-current (ION/IOFF) value, of 8.9 × 106. This remarkably high ION/IOFF is achieved using an ultra-thin nanosheet GeSn, with a thickness of only 7 nm. Although an even higher hole mobility (103.8 cm2/V·s) was obtained with a thicker GeSn channel, the IOFF increased rapidly and the poor ION/IOFF (75) was unsuitable for transistor applications.

The high mobility is due to the small hole effective mass of GeSn, which is supported by first-principles electronic structure calculations.
To study responsibility, as one of the stress parameters in workplace, in males and females of open urban population from a gender perspective.

The study was conducted as a part of cardiological screening in open workable population of both sexes aged 25–64 years in Tyumen. A representative sample was formed from voting lists of 2,000 citizens of one of the administrative districts of Tyumen, 250 people in each of eight groups defined by sex and age (25–34, 35–44, 45–54, 55–64). Response to cardiac screening was 77.7%. To analyze stress at work, questionnaire WHO MONICA-psychosocial “Knowledge and attitude to your health” was applied. In this study, questions regarding workplace responsibility were used to determine stress in the workplace.

In open urban population, according to the model of Tyumen city, the highest self-assessment of responsibility in workplace was registered in females, mainly in elder group, and increased work responsibility as in elder age group 55–64 so as predominantly in females younger than 45 years. Thus, generating informational and educational technologies for heart diseases prevention in adult population of the city, top-priority orientation is to be focused on needs of “social risk” groups in population, exactly in young workable females.
An important element of the set of works to determine the degree of impact of radiation contaminated territory on the environment and public health is the conduct of ecological-genetic and medical-biological research in the region. Current publication is based on the results of scientific research to analyze the current state of the habitat in radiation-contaminated territories. Genetic impact of the combined effect of radiation and non-radiation factors, unlike other mutagens, have not been studied sufficiently, and the results of this kind of research are rather contradictory. Industrial factors, the forceful action of full elementary evolutionary processes (mutational process, migration, isolation, etc.), can lead to qualitative transformations of the genepool of populations. The study of chromosomal aberrations in natural populations and the human body acquires a special practical and theoretical significance related to the influence of factors of the changing habitat. Research data obtained using modern physico-chemical (AA-spectrometry, radiology), cytological and molecular-genetic methods are presented wuth a complex of test systems in order to fully assess the effectiveness of the combined action of radiation and non-radiation factors. Observations in the field and lab facilitate establishing a previously unknown fact that complexes of soil animals with chronic irradiation with doses of 0.5-20 mSv/day experience clearly recorded oppression. Especially sensitive are earthworms Eisenia fetida. The quantitative dependence of the spectrum of structural and numerical aberrations of chromosomes was studied. The frequency of cells with chromosome aberrations averages 2.4%. Both structural (93.6%) and numerical aberrations (6.4%) of chromosomes were revealed. Among the cells with chromosome structure disorders, chromosomal type aberrations (67.04%) prevailed over chromatid (32.95%), which indicates a predominant radiation exposure.
To ensure the optimal combination of the properties of the thin-film layers of piezoelectric structures and achieve the required characteristics of resonators and devices for selecting and generating of the signals based on them, the influence of technological modes of aluminum nitride films formation on the surface morphology, structure and elemental composition of films used in the construction of microelectronic bulk acoustic waves (BAW) resonator with Bragg reflector, the optimal modes are determined that satisfy the requirements for film layers for a piezoelectric transducer and Bragg reflector.
Increasing complexity of modern laser systems, mostly originated from the nonlinear dynamics of radiation, makes control of their operation more and more challenging, calling for development of new approaches in laser engineering. Machine learning methods, providing proven tools for identification, control, and data analytics of various complex systems, have been recently applied to mode-locked fiber lasers with the special focus on three key areas: self-starting, system optimization and characterization. However, the development of the machine learning algorithms for a particular laser system, while being an interesting research problem, is a demanding task requiring arduous efforts and tuning a large number of hyper-parameters in the laboratory arrangements. It is not obvious that this learning can be smoothly transferred to systems that differ from the specific laser used for the algorithm development by design or by varying environmental parameters. Here we demonstrate that a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) approach, based on trials and errors and sequential decisions, can be successfully used for control of the generation of dissipative solitons in mode-locked fiber laser system. We have shown the capability of deep Q-learning algorithm to generalize knowledge about the laser system in order to find conditions for stable pulse generation. Region of stable generation was transformed by changing the pumping power of the laser cavity, while tunable spectral filter was used as a control tool. Deep Q-learning algorithm is suited to learn the trajectory of adjusting spectral filter parameters to stable pulsed regime relying on the state of output radiation. Our results confirm the potential of deep reinforcement learning algorithm to control a nonlinear laser system with a feed-back. We also demonstrate that fiber mode-locked laser systems generating data at high speed present a fruitful photonic test-beds for various machine learning concepts based on large datasets.