Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
. Production of hyperpolarized catalyst-free gases and liquids by heterogeneous hydrogenation with parahydrogen can be useful for various technical as well as biomedical applications, including in vivo studies, investigations of mechanisms of industrially important catalytic processes, enrichment of nuclear spin isomers of polyatomic gases, and more. In this regard, the wide systematic search for heterogeneous catalysts effective in pairwise H2 addition required for the observation of parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP) effects is crucial. Here in this work we demonstrate the competitive advantage of Pd-based bimetallic catalysts for PHIP in heterogeneous hydrogenations (HET-PHIP). The dilution of catalytically active Pd with less active Ag or In atoms provides the formation of atomically dispersed Pd1 sites on the surface of Pd-based bimetallic catalysts, which are significantly more selective toward pairwise H2 addition compared to the monometallic Pd. Furthermore, the choice of the dilution metal (Ag or In) has a pronounced effect on the efficiency of bimetallic catalysts in HET-PHIP, as revealed by comparing Pd-Ag and Pd-In bimetallic catalysts.
In the first part, the relevance of the use of renewable energy on the railways is discussed. Various types of power-generating systems in railway stations and platforms along the track, as well as in separate areas, are considered. The focus is on wind and solar energy conversion systems.

The second part is devoted to the analysis of various types of energy storage devices used in projects for the electrification of railway transport since the energy storage system is one of the key elements in a hybrid renewable energy system. Systems with kinetic storage, electrochemical storage batteries, supercapacitors, hydrogen energy storage are considered. Particular attention is paid to technologies for accumulating and converting hydrogen into electrical energy, as well as hybrid systems that combine several types of storage devices with different ranges of charge/discharge rates.

A comparative analysis of various hybrid electric power plant configurations, depending on the functions they perform in the electrification systems of railway transport, has been carried out.
The review focuses on the issue of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) in older patients and novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19).

In accordance with the analyzed articles, comorbidity, pro-inflammatory state, diminished innate immune response, vascular dysfunction and tendency to thrombosis in people with T2D, contribute to a higher susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and a poor prognosis.

The using of Subetta is possible in add-on therapy for older patients with transient hyperglycemia, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus in order to achieve carbohydrate metabolic compensation and improve the quality of life.
The octahedral cluster compound Na2 H8 [{Re6 Se8 }(P(C2 H4 CONH2 )(C2 H4 COO)2 )6 ] has been shown to be highly radio dense, thus becoming a promising X-ray contrast agent. It was also shown that this compound had low cytotoxic effect in vitro, low acute toxicity in vivo and was eliminated rapidly from the body through the urinary tract. The present contribution describes a more detailed cellular internalization assay and morphological analysis after intravenous injection of this hexarhenium cluster compound at different doses. The median lethal dose (LD50 ) of intravenously administrated compound was calculated (4.67 ± 0.69 g/kg). Results of the study clearly indicated that the cluster complex Hn [{Re6 Se8 }(P(C2 H4 CONH2 )(C2 H4 COO)2 )6 ]n-10 was not internalized into cells in vitro and induced only moderate morphological alterations of kidneys at high doses without any changes in morphology of liver, spleen, duodenum, or heart of mice. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Due to the unique properties of diamond

We present high-resolution, all-optical thermometry based on ensembles of germanium-vacancy (GeV) color center in diamond and implement this method of thermometry in the fiber-optic format

an all-optical approach using this method opens a way to produce back-action-free temperature measurements with resolution below 0.1 K in a wide range of temperatures
The article presents the materials of the Book of the Royal Genealogy (16th century), associated with female images, describes their place in the plot and composition structure (architectonics) of the monument. The life of the Equal-to-the-Apostles Princess Olga, which opens the Book of the Royal Genealogy, emphasizes the legitimacy of the author’s plan, which includes almost all the stories about princely wives and mothers from brief news to detailed stories. The role of these messages is to celebrate the piety of all branches of the royal family. In the characteristics of female representatives of princely families, the author emphasizes the features noted by him in the life of St. Princess Olga (Elena): loyalty to Orthodoxy, service to the cause of its spread, care for the princely family, enlightenment, participation in the earthly affairs of the church (construction of churches, charity), etc. The lives of the princesses are included by the author in the architectonic of the Royal Genealogy, harmoniously fitting into the main concept of the monument.
We have analyzed paintings on six stone slabs from Bronze Age burial sites of the Karakol culture in the Altai, Karakol and Ozernoye. Most represent anthropomorphous fi gures, depicted in a mixed technique including pecking, engraving, abrasion, and painting in various combinations. Paintings are superimposed on previously made petroglyphs, which had not initially been painted. Samples of paint were analyzed using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with X-ray spectrometry, and synchrotron powdered X-ray diffraction. Results make it possible to differentiate, using the instrumental analysis, intentional painting from natural coloration. The composition of pigments suggests that both the images and the framing lines were made with one and the same red paint. However, while the pigment composition is homogeneous in each burial, it differs between the burials. Paint was found not only on slabs but on human bones as well, with its color varying from light red to black. Further analysis will hopefully shed light on the Karakol burial rite.
Triple molybdate NaCaLa(1-x-y)(MoO4)3:xEr3+,yYb3+ (x = y = 0, x = 0.05 and y = 0.45, x = 0.1 and y = 0.2, x = 0.2 and y = 0) phosphors were successfully synthesized for the first time by the microwave sol-gel method.

Well-crystallized particles formed after heat treatment at 900 °C for 16 h showed a fine and homogeneous morphology with particle sizes of 2-3 μm. The structures were refined by the Rietveld method in the space group I41/a. The optical properties were examined comparatively using photoluminescence emission and Raman spectroscopy.

Under excitation at 980 nm, the NaCaLa0.7(MoO4)3:0.1Er3+,0.2Yb3+ and NaCaLa0.5(MoO4)3:0.05Er3+,0.45Yb3+ particles exhibited a strong 525 nm emission band, a weaker 550 nm emission band in the green region, and three weak 655 nm, 490 nm and 410 nm emission bands in the red, blue and violet regions. The pump power dependence and Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage chromaticity of the upconversion emission intensity were evaluated in detail.
The results of field studies, chemical-an alytical and numerical investigations of snowpack contamination in the winter season of 2014/2015 in the vicinity of Sovetskoye highway of Novosibirsk after its reconstruction of 20092014 years.It was shown that substantial reductions of PAH emissions and the change of the space structure of the field of their fallouts, in comparison with the monitoring data of 2008 were shown.Linear correlations between the preci pitation content and that of organic and inorganic components of the samples were established.In the kinematic approximation, the few-parametric model of the field reconstruction of preci pitations of the polydisperse impurity from the linear source and the method of its numerical realization in the explicit form was proposed.The approbation of the proposed model on the experimental data obtained was carried out.
A novel practical method for electronic triggering of essentially different pulsed regimes in fiber cavity lasers is introduced.

The method relies on electronic control of complementary transmission characteristics of a fiber-coupled LiNbO3 waveguide electro-optic switch (WEOS) which plays the role of the variable output coupler in a fiber cavity. The method was studied using a testbed laser configuration comprised of a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) and an all-fiber cavity. Modulation of the WEOS-based output coupling in the fast gain recovery configuration allowed not only high-quality mode locking and harmonic mode-locking at certain pulse repetition rates determined by the cavity round trip time, but it also allowed nanosecond pulsed output of the same quality to be yielded by cavity dumping at widely and continuously tunable repetition rate (ranging from kHz to MHz).

Thus, WEOS-based electronically variable output coupling allows uniquely high flexibility for lasing regimes and characteristics within a single all-fiber cavity configuration.
The photodissociation of (56)FeO was studied by means of the velocity map imaging technique. A molecular beam of iron atoms and iron monoxide molecules was created using an electrical discharge with an iron electrode in a supersonic expansion of molecular oxygen. The ground state iron atom Fe((5)D(4)) and FeO concentrations in the molecular beam have been estimated.

The dissociation energy of the FeO X (5)Delta ground electronic state was found to be D(0) (0)(FeO)=4.18+/-0.01 eV. The effective absorption cross section of FeO at 252.39 nm (vac), leading to the Fe((5)D(4))+O((3)P) dissociation channel, is approximately 1.2 x 10(-18) cm(2). A (1+1) resonantly enhanced multiphoton ionization spectrum of (56)FeO in the region 39 550-39 580 cm(-1) with rotational structure has been observed, but not assigned. Angular distributions of Fe((5)D(4)) and Fe((5)D(3)) products for the channel FeO-->Fe((5)D(4,3))+O((3)P) have been measured at several points in the 210-260 nm laser light wavelength region.

The anisotropy parameter varies strongly with wavelength for both channels.
We present a statistical analysis based on the height and return-time probabilities of high-amplitude wave events in both focusing and defocusing Manakov systems.

We define the thresholds for classifying an extreme wave event as a RW. We suggest a strategy for confirming the basic properties of different extreme events. This involves the definition of proper statistical measures at each stage of the RW dynamics.

We find that analytical rational or semirational solutions, associated with extreme, rogue wave (RW) structures, are the leading high-amplitude events in this system. Our results indicate that there is a strong relationship between the type of RW and the mechanism which is responsible for its creation. Initially, high-amplitude events originate from modulation instability. Upon subsequent evolution, the interaction among these events prevails as the mechanism for RW creation. Our results point to the need for redefining criteria for identifying RW events.
The results of a 35-year selection of foxes for aggressive response to humans are reported. Averaged estimates of the phenotypic manifestation of aggressiveness in all selection generations are presented. The dynamics of these estimates shows that the phenotypic response to the selection was obvious only in the first 12 generations. Subsequent selection did not alter the mean aggressiveness score. Analysis of variance was performed for the intergroup variability (among descendants of different mothers) and intragroup variability (among the offspring within a family). The intragroup variability was constantly low. Most likely, the trait is stabilized by maternal prenatal and early neonatal factors. The general tendency in the dynamics of intergroup variability is that it does not decrease over time during selection, no matter how long the population has been under it. It follows from the statistical indices of the phenotypic similarity between parents and offspring that additive interactions are insufficient for the explanation of the persisting variability. The contribution of epistatic interactions is not ruled out, though. Emphasis is laid on the correlated consequences of the selection for aggressiveness and their coordination with the consequences of the selection in the opposite direction, for elimination of aggressive response to humans, or for tameness. The parallelism of correlated changes in the selection in contrasting directions is illustrated by the examples of some physiological and morphological traits. The phenomenon is discussed in the light of classical notions of the resource of cryptic genetic variation and the role of selection in its phenotypic manifestation. Its interpretation also invokes molecular data pointing that some genetic pathways may regulate parameters of both aggression and tameness and that the selection processes in both directions may have some genetic targets in common.
The formation of the coherent vortical structures in the form of thin pancakes is studied for three-dimensional flows at the high Reynolds regime when, in the leading order, the development of such structures can be described within the 3D Euler equations for ideal incompressible fluids.

Numerically and analytically on the base of the vortex line representation we show that compression of such structures and respectively increase of their amplitudes are possible due to the compressibility of the continuously distributed vortex lines.

It is demonstrated that this growth can be considered as analog of breaking for the divergence-free vorticity field. At high amplitudes this process has a self-similar behavior connected the maximal vorticity and the pancake width by the Kolmogorov type relation ωmax ∝ l-2/3. The role of such structures in the Kolmogorov spectrum formation is also discussed.
A series of mixed Mn-Zr oxides with different molar ratios Mn/Zr (0.1-9) have been prepared by coprecipitation of manganese and zirconium nitrates and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and BET methods. It has been found that at concentrations of Mn below 30 at%, the samples are single-phase solid solutions (MnxZr1-xO2-δ) based on a ZrO2 structure.

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements showed that manganese in these solutions exists mainly in the Mn(4+) state on the surface. The reduction of these oxides with hydrogen was studied by a temperature-programmed reduction technique, in situ XRD, and near ambient pressure XPS in the temperature range from 100 to 650 °C.

It was shown that the reduction of the solid solutions MnxZr1-xO2-δ proceeds via two stages. During the first stage, at temperatures between 100 and 500 °C, the Mn cations incorporated into the solid solutions MnxZr1-xO2-δ undergo partial reduction. During the second stage, at temperatures between 500 and 700 °C, Mn cations segregate on the surface of the solid solution. In the samples with more than 30 at% Mn, the reduction of manganese oxides was observed: Mn2O3 → Mn3O4 → MnO.
The TAIGA-Muon scintillation array is located in the Tunka Valley. It is a part of the single TAIGA experimental complex. Its construction has started in the summer of 2019. By the autumn of 2019, the first three clusters were installed. We describe the design of the TAIGA-Muon array, the data acquisition (DAQ) sistem, reading and control systems.
A number of transition metal cluster compounds can be obtained only in the melt of inorganic cyanides and, therefore, contain terminal cyanide ligands. Substitution of these ligands, which is often necessary to change the physicochemical properties of the clusters, is an urgent problem because of their low reactivity in substitution reactions.

In this work, a synthetic approach has been developed for the substitution of CN‐ligands in the heterometallic cluster anions [Re 3 Mo 3 Q 8 (CN) 6 ] n– (Q = S, n = 6; Q = Se, n = 5) by the 4‐ tert ‐butylpyridine (TBP) molecules. Two new compounds, namely [Re 3 Mo 3 S 8 (TBP) 6 ] ( 1 ) and [Re 3 Mo 3 Se 8 (TBP) 6 ] ( 2 ), were obtained with high yields and crystallized under solvothermal conditions.

It has been shown that compounds 1 and 2 are based on the paramagnetic cluster cores {Re 3 Mo 3 Q 8 } 0 containing 23 cluster valence electrons (CVE). The geometry of the new compounds has been investigated using X‐ray structural analysis. The electronic structure has been analyzed using the DFT calculations showing large distortion of M 6 cluster core.
To study the effects of decreased amounts or absence of aldosterone on development and endocrine function

we have disrupted the mouse gene, Cyp11b2, coding for aldosterone synthase (AS) by replacing its first two exons with sequences coding for enhanced green fluorescent protein

The null pups fail to thrive postnatally, and about 30% die between d 7 and 28. Aldosterone in plasma and AS mRNA in adrenal glands are undetectable in the null mice. Adult AS-null mice are small, weigh 75% of wild type, are hypotensive, have increased concentrations of plasma K(+) and corticosterone, and a decreased concentration of plasma Cl(-). Their plasma renin and angiotensin II concentrations are 45x and 4x wild type. The adrenal cortex is disorganized and has cells that contain marked accumulations of lipid. The zona glomerulosa is widened and includes easily detectable renin-containing cells, not seen in the wild-type adrenal gland. In the AS-/- adrenals, the level of mRNA for Cyp11b1, coding for 11beta-hydroxylase, is 150% wild type. The adrenal glands of the null mice consequently show evidence of a greatly activated renin-angiotensin system and up-regulation of glucocorticoid production. In the AS-null mice enhanced green fluorescent protein fluorescence is mainly at the boundary between the cortex and medulla, where apoptotic cells are numerous. These data are consistent with the absence of aldosterone in the AS-null mice inducing an increased cell-turnover of cells in the adrenals that normally become AS expressing and their migration to the medullary boundary where they apoptose.
Theoretical study of structural, thermodynamic and dynamic properties of the double Na-Ca carbonate, shortite, was carried out with density functional theory.

Local density approximation (LDA) and generalized gradient approximation in the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerh of (PBE) parameterization were used. Calculated structural and elastic properties exhibit typical behavior for both employed methods. At the same time, equation of state P(V) and bulk modulus, obtained by means of LDA and PBE are significantly different from each other at low pressure and high temperature. This difference is caused by dynamic instability of crystal which boundary calculated using LDA always lies at negative pressure region, while in the case of PBE calculations, this limit manifests itself at positive pressure resulting to features in equation of state P(V) and the bulk modulus behavior.

Results indicate that accuracy of used theoretical method is critical for understanding the cause of shortite lattice instability at low pressure and sufficiently high temperature.
We announce the second edition of the Aerospace geological map of the Olkhon Region (Baikal, Russia), scale 1:40 000, which was published in 2017. The map has been considerably revised and updated, and its changes are critical for correct understanding of the regional geology, tectonics and geodynamics.

Only a small number of its printed copies have been released, and therefore the map may not be available for all interested specialists. The electronic version of the map is available for studying and/or printing (see the link to its pdf file in the paper's supplement). The pdf file is about 68 MB, i.e. small compared to the original map (more than 5 GB), but the quality is maintained.

The map does not show the base layer due to the terms of the licenses owned by the companies and satellite owners.
Understanding methane activation pathways on Zn-modified high-silica zeolites (ZSM-5, BEA) is of particular importance because of the possibility of methane involvement in coaromatization with higher alkanes on this type of zeolites.

Herein, two samples of Zn-modified zeolite BEA containing exclusively either small zinc oxide clusters or isolated Zn2+ cations have been synthesized and thoroughly characterized by a range of spectroscopic methods (1H MAS NMR, DRIFTS, XPS, EXAFS, HRTEM) to show that only one of the Zn-species, either Zn2+ cations or ZnO small clusters, exists in the void of zeolite pores. The ability of zinc sites of different nature to promote the activation of methane C–H bond with the zeolite Brønsted acid sites (BAS) has been examined in the reactions of methane H/D hydrogen exchange with BAS and the alkylation of benzene with methane.

It has been found that both ZnO and Zn2+ species promote the reaction of H/D exchange of methane with BAS. The rate of H/D exchange is higher by 2 and 3 orders of magnitude for the zeolite loaded with ZnO or Zn2+ species, respectively, compared to pure acid-form zeolite H-BEA. So, the promoting effect of Zn2+ cations is more profound than that of ZnO species for H/D exchange reaction. This implies that the synergistic effect of Zn-sites and BAS for C–H bond activation in methane is significantly higher for Zn2+ cations compared to small ZnO clusters. It has been revealed, however, that only Zn2+ cations promote the alkylation of benzene with methane, whereas ZnO species do not. The isolated Zn2+ cations provide the formation of zinc-methyl species, which are further transformed to zinc-methoxy species. The latter is the key intermediate for the performance of the alkylation reaction. Hence, while both zinc oxide clusters and Zn2+ cationic species are able to provide a synergistic effect for the activation of C–H bonds of methane displayed by the dramatic acceleration of H/D exchange reaction, only the Zn2+ cationic species perform methane activation toward the alkylation of benzene with methane. This implies that only the Zn2+ cations in Zn-modified zeolite can activate methane for the reaction of methane coaromatization with higher alkanes.
The results of physical modeling show that the influence of boundary roughness on its reflectivity depends on the ratio of roughness characteristic dimension and wavelength. The boundary roughness leads to a decrease in the effective reflection coefficients at subcritical and to their increase at supercritical angles of incidence. A change in the azimuth of the plane of incidence with respect to the roughness direction appreciably affects the reflection coefficients only at supercritical angles.