Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Individuals exposed to social stress in childhood are more predisposed to developing psychoemotional disorders in adulthood.

Here we use an animal model to determine the influence of hostile social environment in adolescence on behavior during adult life. One-month-old adolescent male mice were placed for 2 weeks in a common cage with an adult aggressive male. Animals were separated by a transparent perforated partition, but the adolescent male was exposed daily to short attacks from the adult male. After exposure to social stress, some of the adolescent mice were placed for 3 weeks in comfortable conditions. Following this rest period, stressed young males and adult males were studied in a range of behavioral tests to evaluate the levels of anxiety, depressiveness, and communicativeness with an unfamiliar partner. In addition, adult mice exposed to social stress in adolescence were engaged in agonistic interactions.

We found that 2 weeks of social stress result in a decrease of communicativeness in the home cage and diminished social interactions on the novel territory. Stressed adolescents demonstrated a high level of anxiety in the elevated plus-maze test and helplessness in the Porsolt test. Furthermore, the number of dividing (BrdU-positive) cells in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus was significantly lower in stressed adolescents. After 3 weeks of rest, most behavioral characteristics in different tests, as well as the number of BrdU-positive cells in the hippocampus, did not differ from those of the respective control mice. However, the level of anxiety remained high in adult males exposed to chronic social stress in childhood. Furthermore, these males were more aggressive in the agonistic interactions. Thus, hostile social environment in adolescence disturbs psychoemotional state and social behaviors of animals in adult life.
The data were recorded with the BABAR detector at center-of-mass energies at and near the Upsilon(4S) resonance, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of approximately 477 1/fb. The D0 is reconstructed in the decay modes D0 -> K- pi+ and D0 -> K- pi+ pi- pi+.

For the decay mode D0 -> K- pi+ we obtain Gamma = (83.4 +- 1.7 +- 1.5) keV and Δm_0 = (145 425.6 +- 0.6 +- 1.8) keV. For the D0 -> K- pi+ pi- pi+ mode we obtain Γ = (83.2 +- 1.5 +- 2.6) keV and Δm_0 = (145 426.6 +- 0.5 +- 2.0) keV. The combined measurements yield Γ = (83.3 +- 1.2 +- 1.4) keV and Δm_0 = (145 425.9 +- 0.4 +- 1.7) keV; the width is a factor of approximately 12 times more precise than the previous value, while the mass difference is a factor of approximately 6 times more precise.
In order to demonstrate the role of the fluorination and some solvents in the structural organization of the Ag(I) coordination polymers with β-diketonate ligands (R
Time resolved small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments on detonating high explosives have been conducted at the Lavrentyev Institute of Hydrodynamics and the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics. The purpose of these experiments is to measure the SAXS patterns behind the detonation front and restore the dynamics of a carbon condensation process. The deficiency of the experimental data hinders the development of detonation models.

In this work we present a new method to restore the dynamic of carbon condensation from time resolved SAXS patterns.
Reported are the origins and chemistry of hot spring water unique to the Ohmi–Hakuba region in the northern Japan Alps, central north Honshu, where a variety of rock types, derived from accretionary complex formed in the Ediacaran (presumably ca. 620 Ma), are regionally exposed. One of the largest bodies of serpentinized peridotite in Japan intersects the Quaternary volcanic front. Featuring an unusual geochemistry, the resulting unique hydrothermal hot springs yield a high pH (ca. 10-11) and a continuous supply of H2. Research reveals four types of hot spring in the Hakuba region: (1) serpentinite hosted hot spring water, (2) high-salinity and carbonated water, (3) Archean type low pO2 hot spring water, and (4) acidic and sulfuric hot spring water with a H2S gas input from magma. The high alkali and H2-enriched hot spring water (Type 1) differs remarkably from other hot springs in this region. In terms of geochemistry, there is a dissolved oxygen content due to the production of abundant H2, which is the reason why a Hadean-type microbial community is present. The origins and evolution of life are closely related to atmospheric oxygen level. Generally, anaerobic microbes inhabit subsurface areas where free oxygen is limited, while oxygen adaptive creatures cannot survive in an anaerobic environment. This means anaerobic microbes have not evolved, and remain as “living fossils”. Hakuba OD1 is one of the most important candidates for the oldest form of life directly connected to LUCA, because it has survived in a Hadean-like environment since emerging. The next research target is the ecosystem in a H2-enriched environment without free oxygen.
A model for the development of dirofilaria larvae in blood-sucking mosquitoes was developed for the city population in Tomsk. The main parameters of the model for the period 2009–2019 were determined.
Leishmaniasis is a prevalent tropical disease caused by more than 20 Leishmania species (Protozoa, Kinetoplastida and Trypanosomatidae). Among different clinical forms of the disease, cutaneous leishmaniasis is the most common form, with an annual 0.6-1 million new cases reported worldwide. This disease's standard treatment is pentavalent antimonial (SbV) that have been used successfully since the first half of the 20th century as a first-line drug. However, treatment failure is an increasing problem that is persistently reported from endemic areas. It is important to define and standardize tests for drug resistance in cutaneous leishmaniasis. SbV must be reduced to its trivalent active form (SbIII). This reduction occurs within the host macrophage, and the resultant SbIIIenters amastigotes via the aquaglyceroporin1 (AQP1) membrane carrier. Overexpression of AQP1 results in hypersensitivity of the parasites to SbIII, but resistant phenotypes accompany reduced expression, inactivation mutations, or deletion of AQP1. Hence, in this study, a phylogenetic analysis using barcode gene COXII and kDNA minicircle and expression analysis of AQP1 were performed in treatment failure isolates to assess the isolates' molecular characteristics and to verify possible association with drug response. Samples in this study were collected from patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis referred to the Diagnosis Laboratory Center in Isfahan Province, Iran, from October 2017 to December 2019. Among them, five isolates (code numbers 1-5) were categorized as treatment failures. The PCR amplification of barcode gene COXII and kDNA minicircle were done and subsequently analyzed using MEGA (10.0.5) to perform phylogenetics analysis of Treatment failures (TF) and Treatment response (TR) samples. Relative quantification of the AQP1 gene expression of TF and TR samples was assessed by real-time PCR. All samples were classified as L. major. No amplification failure was observed in the cases of barcode gene COXII and kDNA minicircle amplification. Having excluded the sequences with complete homology using maximum parsimony with the Bootstrap 500 method, four major groups were detected to perform phylogenetic analysis using COXII. The phylogenetic analysis using the barcode target of minicircle showed that all five treatment failure isolates were grouped in a separate sub-clade. We concluded that the barcode gene COXII and the minicircle kDNA were suitable for identification, differentiation and phylogenetic analysis in treatment failure clinical isolates of Leishmania major. Also, AQP1 gene expression analyses showed that treatment failure isolates had less expression than TR isolates. The isolate with TF and overexpression of the AQP1 gene of other molecular mechanisms such as overexpression of ATP-binding cassette may be involved in the TR, such as overexpression of ATP-binding cassette which requires further research.
The Xist locus plays a central role in the regulation of X chromosome inactivation in mammals, although its exact mode of action remains to be elucidated. Evolutionary studies are important in identifying conserved genomic regions and defining their possible function. Here we report cloning, sequence analysis, and detailed characterization of the Xist gene from four closely related species of common vole (field mouse), Microtus arvalis . Our analysis reveals that there is overall conservation of Xist gene structure both between different vole species and relative to mouse and human Xist/XIST . Within transcribed sequence, there is significant conservation over five short regions of unique sequence and also over Xist -specific tandem repeats. The majority of unique sequences, however, are evolving at an unexpectedly high rate. This is also evident from analysis of flanking sequences, which reveals a very high rate of rearrangement and invasion of dispersed repeats. We discuss these results in the context of Xist gene function and evolution. [The sequence data described in this paper have been submitted to the GenBank data library under accession nos. AJ310127 – AJ310130 and AJ311670 .]
The goal of this paper was to study the viscosity of liquids and gases in nanochannels. The classical molecular dynamics method is used to simulate the viscosity of liquids in nanochannels. However, the transport coefficients are determined by the special fluctuation-dissipation theorems constructed by the authors on the basis of nonequilibrium statistical mechanics. These theorems generalize the well-known Green–Kubo formulas. The dependences of the viscosity coefficient of argon and benzene in channels made of copper and aluminum with square and circular cross-sections on the size of the channel are studied. The fluid viscosity in the channel can be either greater or less than its viscosity in the bulk. It is shown that the effective viscosity of the fluid can be controlled by changing the material of the channel walls. The decisive role in this effect played the depth of the well of the interaction potential of the wall atoms; with its increase, the effective viscosity of the liquid increases. To simulate the transport coefficients of rarefied gases in nanochannels, a method of stochastic molecular modeling has been developed. The walls are assumed to be solid, and the interaction of fluid molecules with them is described by specular, diffuse, or specular-diffuse reflection laws. A strong anisotropy of the viscosity of the gases in nanochannels, even with rather large sizes, has been established. The viscosity coefficients in different directions can differ by more than ten times. In this case the determining role plays the interaction of the gas molecules with the walls of the channel again.
The thermosalient effect (crystal jumping on heating) attracts much attention as both an intriguing academic phenomenon and in relation to its potential for the development of molecular actuators but its mechanism remains unclear. 1,2,4,5-Tetrabromobenzene (TBB) is one of the most extensively studied thermosalient compounds that has been shown previously to undergo a phase transition on heating, accompanied by crystal jumping and cracking. The difference in the crystal structures and intermolecular interaction energies of the low- and high-temperature phases is, however, too small to account for the large stress that arises over the course of the transformation. The energy is released spontaneously, and crystals jump across distances that exceed the crystal size by orders of magnitude. In the present work, the anisotropy of lattice strain is followed across the phase transition by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, focusing on the structural evolution from 273 to 343 K. A pronounced lattice softening is observed close to the transition point, with the structure becoming more rigid immediately after the phase transition. The diffraction studies are further supported by theoretical analysis of pairwise intermolecular energies and zone-centre lattice vibrations. Only three modes are found to monotonically soften up to the phase transition, with complex behaviour exhibited by the remaining lattice modes. The thermosalient effect is delayed with respect to the structural transformation itself. This can originate from the martensitic mechanism of the transformation, and the accumulation of stress associated with vibrational switching across the phase transition. The finding of this study sheds more light on the nature of the thermosalient effect in 1,2,4,5-tetrabromobenzene and can be applicable also to other thermosalient compounds.
A physical model describing the piezoelectric-effect-mediated influence of bending of a thin suspended cantilever with a two-dimensional electron gas on the conductivity is proposed. The model shows that the conductivity change is almost entirely caused by the rapid change in mechanical stress near the boundary of suspended and non-suspended areas, rather than by the stress itself. An experiment confirming that the electromechanical coupling is associated with the piezoelectric effect is performed. The experimentally measured conductance sensitivity to the cantilever's vibrations agree with the developed physical model.
With the use of numerical simulations based on generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation, we study for the first time the coherence of super-continuum (SC), generated in tapered and cobweb fibers in the regime with clearly defined solitions in spectrum. We suggest a simple model, which explains the influence of pump pulses power and duration on SC coherence. A possibility of concerned SC generation regime application in optical frequencies metrology is discussed.
We describe the model for excitation of ocean surface gravity waves by the wind blowing away from the shore. Numerical simulation shows that wave turbulence behaviour can be split in time into two different physical regimes: classical and non-classical one. The classical regime corresponds to self-similar solution developing for the characteristic times defined by ratio of the channel width to characteristic advection velocity of the wave field. The non-classical regime is happening later in time when the energy starts to reflect from the opposite boundary condition and corresponds to energy advection against the wind. It exhibits itself in waves generating predominantly parallel to the shore line, tending to slant toward the shore, as approaching to the beginning of the fetch, at 15 degrees.
The Ortsog-Uul mafic-ultramafic massif of Western Mongolia is located in a tectonic block with overturned bedding. The massif hosts two intrusions: a rhythmically-layered peridotite-gabbro association (Intrusion 1) and massive Bt-bearing amphibole-olivine gabbro (Intrusion 2). Intrusions 1 and 2 have different petrology features. Early Intrusion 1 (278±2.5Ma) is characterized by lower concentrations of alkalis, titanium and phosphorus than late Intrusion 2 (272±2Ma). The chondrite-normalized REE and primitive mantle-normalized rare elements patterns of Ortsog-Uul intrusions have similar curves of elements distribution. However, Intrusion 2 is characterized higher contents of REE and rare elements. High concentrations of incompatible elements are indicative of strong fractionation process. It has been suggested that Intrusions 1 and 2 derived from compositionally different parental melts. Model calculations (COMAGMAT-3.57) show that parental melts of two intrusions were close to high-Mg picrobasaltic magmas. The concentration of MgO in melt is 16.21 (Intrusion 1) and 16.17 (Intrusion 2). Isotopic data of Ortsog-Uul magmatic rocks exhibit different values of εNd (positive and negative) for Intrusion 1 and 2, respectively.
7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) is one of the major DNA lesions formed by reactive oxygen species that can result in transversion mutations following replication if left unrepaired. In human cells, the effects of 8-oxoG are counteracted by OGG1, a DNA glycosylase that catalyzes excision of 8-oxoguanine base followed by a much slower beta-elimination reaction at the 3'-side of the resulting abasic site. Many features of OGG1 mechanism, including its low beta-elimination activity and high specificity for a cytosine base opposite the lesion, remain poorly explained despite the availability of structural information. In this study, we analyzed the substrate specificity and the catalytic mechanism of OGG1 acting on various DNA substrates using stopped-flow kinetics with fluorescence detection. Combining data on intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence to detect conformational transitions in the enzyme molecule and 2-aminopurine reporter fluorescence to follow DNA dynamics, we defined three pre-excision steps and assigned them to the processes of (i) initial encounter with eversion of the damaged base, (ii) insertion of several enzyme residues into DNA, and (iii) enzyme isomerization to the catalytically competent form. The individual rate constants were derived for all reaction stages. Of all conformational changes, we identified the insertion step as mostly responsible for the opposite base specificity of OGG1 toward 8-oxoG:C as compared with 8-oxoG:T, 8-oxoG:G, and 8-oxoG:A. We also investigated the kinetic mechanism of OGG1 stimulation by 8-bromoguanine and showed that this compound affects the rate of beta-elimination rather than pre-excision dynamics of DNA and the enzyme.
The real/atomic structure of single phase homogeneous nanocrystalline Ce 0.5 Zr 0.5 O 2±δ oxides prepared by a modified Pechini route and Ni-loaded catalysts of methane dry reforming on their bases was studied

by a combination of neutron diffraction, synchrotron X-ray diffraction, total X-ray scattering and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The effects of sintering temperature and pretreatment in H 2 were elucidated.

The structure of the mixed oxides corresponds to a tetragonal space group indicating a homogeneous distribution of Ce and Zr cations in the lattice. A pronounced disordering of the oxygen sublattice was revealed by neutron diffraction, supposedly due to incorporation of water into the structure when in contact with air promoted by the generation of anion vacancies in the lattice after reduction or calcination at high temperatures. However, such disordering has not resulted in any occupation of the oxygen interstitial positions in the bulk of the nanodomains.
We propose to study at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) the inclusive production of a pair of hadrons (a ``dihadron'' system) in a kinematics where two detected hadrons with high transverse momenta are separated by a large interval of rapidity. This process has much in common with the widely discussed Mueller-Navelet jet production and can also be used to access the dynamics of hard proton-parton interactions in the Regge limit. For both processes large contributions enhanced by logarithms of energy can be resummed in perturbation theory within the Balitsky-Fadin-Kuraev-Lipatov (BFKL) formalism with next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy. The experimental study of dihadron production would provide an additional clear channel to test the BFKL dynamics. We present here the first theoretical predictions for cross sections and azimuthal angle correlations of the dihadrons produced with LHC kinematics.
This paper reviews results about discrete physics and non-commutative worlds and explores further the structure and consequences of constraints linking classical calculus and discrete calculus formulated via commutators. In particular, we review how the formalism of generalized non-commutative electromagnetism follows from a first order constraint and how, via the Kilmister equation, relationships with general relativity follow from a second order constraint. It is remarkable that a second order constraint, based on interlacing the commutative and non-commutative worlds, leads to an equivalent tensor equation at the pole of geodesic coordinates for general relativity.
Chromosome pairing and recombination at meiosis involves scheduled formation and repair of double-strand breaks of DNA.Rad51, the eukaryotic homologue of the bacterial RecA protein, plays a crucial role in these processes.

We used antibodies against human Rad51 to examine the temporal and spatial distribution of Rad51 in the spermatocytes of the common shrew Sorex araneus (Eulipotyphla, Soricidae).

We found that hundreds of Rad51 foci appeared at leptotene.At the beginning of zygotene their close association with the axial elements of the synaptonemal complex became apparent.From early to late zygotene the number of Rad51 foci gradually decreased.At pachytene we observed a further dramatic decrease in the number of foci.They were distributed irregularly along autosomal bivalents.We detected a prevalence of Rad51 signals on the original X and autosomal arms of the sex trivalent at late pachytene.We did not detect a preferential association of Rad51 foci with unpaired or non-homologously paired regions of lateral elements of synaptonemal complexes in Robertsonian multivalents.
Some features of the physics of radiation-dominated shock waves are discussed with emphasis on the peculiarities which are important for correct numerical modeling of shock breakouts in supernova.With account of those peculiarities, a number of models for different supernova types is constructed based on multigroup radiation transfer coupled to hydrodynamics.We describe the implementation of a new algorithm RADA, designed for modeling photon transfer at extremely-relativistic motions of matter, into our older code STELLA.The results of numerical simulations of light curves, and continuum spectra are presented.The influence of effects of photon scattering on electrons, of thermalization depth and of special relativity in transfer equation is considered.Some cases are demonstrated, when the appearance of hard X-ray emission is possible at the shock breakout.The necessary refinements in numerical algorithms for radiative transfer and hydrodynamics are pointed out.Prospects for using the results of numerical simulation to analyze and interpret available and future data from space observatories are discussed.