Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Aim. In the present work we investigated the circulation of AIV in wild bird populations and studied the sorption of the influenza virus in the feathers of wild waterfowl nesting on reservoirs during the autumn mass migration.

Material and methods. Sampling was carried out on the territory of the Novosibirsk region on Lake Chany during the period from August to September 2014-2016. Biological samples were collected from 188 wild waterfowl of various species. AIV isolation from cloacal swabs and swabs collected from feathers was carried out in the developing chick embryo system (RCC) as previously recommended. The isolated viruses were tested by HA/HI with specific sera, PCR analysis was carried out with subtyping primers. The genomes of the isolated viruses were sequenced for phylogenetic analysis.

Results and discussion. As a result of monitoring, cloacal and feather swabs were collected from 188 individuals belonging to 13 species of the Anseriformes and Charadriiformes , whose representatives are the main natural reservoir of AIV. Fifteen new AI viruses were isolated from the collected samples. Four of them were isolated from plumage samples and the rate was more than 2 times lower, compared with virus isolation from cloacal swabs. Main conclusions. Thus, it can be assumed that avian influenza virus transmission by plumage during migration is not sufficiently taken into account. The key role in AIV ecology may play the virus spreading by its adsorption on bird feathers.
The number of non-isomorphic n -fold branched coverings of a given closed surface can be determined by the number of nonisomorphic n -fold unbranched coverings of the surface and the number of nonisomorphic connected n -fold graph coverings of a suitable bouquet of circles.

A similar enumeration can also be done for regular branched coverings.

Some explicit enumerations are also possible.
This example can be considered as an outer analog of the so-called Gutkin billiard tables.

We test total integrability of these billiards, in the region between the two invariant curves. Next, we provide computer simulations on the dynamics in this region.

At first glance, the dynamics looks regular but by magnifying the picture we see components of chaotic behavior near the hyperbolic periodic orbits. We believe this is a useful geometric example for coexistence of regular and chaotic behavior of twist maps.
Bleuse et al. (EuroPar 2018) introduced a general model for interference-aware scheduling in large scale parallel platforms. They considered two different types of communications: the flows induced by data exchanges during computations and the flows related to Input/Output operations. Rather than taking into account these communications explicitly, they restrict the possible allocations of a job by external topological constraints. In their work, jobs are considered to be rigid: a job requires a specific number of machines in order to be executed.

Here, we first adopt the same framework for the platform and the aforementioned topological constraints. Then, we focus on the malleable setting.

We show that there is no polynomial time approximation algorithm under the rigid setting with ratio smaller than 3/2, unless P = NP. We show that in the proportional-malleable setting, where the work of every job remains constant independently of the number of machines on which it is executed, the scheduling problem remains NPhard even in the uniform case, where the maximum number of machines is the same for all the jobs. Then, we propose a 2-approximation algorithm for this case. Furthermore, we present an approximation algorithm solving the more general case where the maximum number of machines is job-dependent and the work of the jobs is increasing with respect to the number of used machines, due to the communication overhead.
Offered self-assembly cluster model of atomic structure based on the concept of a liquid-like state of the material in localized areas, formed in the waves of plastic deformation.

In bulk and thin film state Fe86Mn13C alloy observed experimentally self-assembly of the crystal and magnetic structures on multiscale levels.
The subject of this paper is molecular modelling of the transport processes in liquids including nanofluids. The weak and strong nonequilibrium processes are considered. In the first case, the corresponding fluctuation-dissipation theorems are formulated. These theorems determine the relation between the dissipative processes and equilibrium thermal fluctuations of the mass, momentum, and energy in the molecular system. Two different formulations of these theorem are discussed in detail. Various systems are considered: molecular liquids, nanofluids, turbulent liquids, fluids in confined conditions, and microviscosity in biomembranes. In the last part the nonlinear transport processes and rheology of the non-Newtonian fluids are discussed.
The analytical review is devoted to the study of factors affecting the formation of the system of emotions regulation in ontogenetic development.

A comparison of the formation of an emotion regulation system for normotypic and deviating development (on the example of autism spectrum disorders) was made.

The interaction of the main innate factors (level of sensory processing sensitivity and effortful control) with factors of the communicative environment (type of attachment to parents, verbalization of emotions and a model of mind) in the development of adaptive emotional regulation and dysregulation is shown.
Experimental results analyses of macroscopic contact angle change from the drop growth rate of distilled water on stainless steel substrates is presented. The value of contact angle is found to depend on the drop growth rate (m): contact angle decreases at m up to 0.02ml/s and increases at m more than 0.02ml/s. At the final stage of spreading the contact line pinning occurs, depending on the drop growth rate and surface roughness.
High energy photon colliders (γγ,γe) are based on e - e - linear colliders where high energy photons are produced using Compton scattering of laser light on high energy electrons just before the interaction point.

This paper is a part of the Technical Design Report of the linear collider TESLA.

1 Physics program, possible parameters and some technical aspects of the photon collider at TESLA are discussed.
a whole and have a different function in its development.The expansion of deesis is consistent and gradual, deterministic in a turning of its stages.

Development of this type of spatial icon sets up a culmination for a storyline and drives the plot itself (the wicked punished in hell receive mercy as a consequence of deesis' development).

Angelic liturgy, on the contrary, moves along a storyline, its culmination is more of a marker of a storyline's culmination than the means of achieving it.
We numerically characterise, in the three-dimensional space of adjustable cavity parameters, the performance of a recently reported layout of a flexible figure-8 laser having two independently pumped segments of active fibre in its bidirectional ring (Smirnov et al 2017 Opt. Lett. 42 1732–5). We show that this optimisation problem can be efficiently addressed by applying a regression model based on a neural-network algorithm.
Asymmetric cell division (ACD) is one of the processes creating the overall diversity of cell types in multicellular organisms. The essence of this process is that the daughter cells exit from it being different from both the parental cell and one another in their ability to further differentiation and specialization. The large bristles (macrochaetae) that are regularly arranged on the surface of the Drosophila adult function as mechanoreceptors, and since their development requires ACD, they have been extensively used as a model system for studying the genetic control of this process.

Each macrochaete is composed of four specialized cells, the progeny resulting from several ACDs from a single sensory organ precursor (SOP) cell, which differentiates from the ectodermal cells of the wing imaginal disc in the third-instar larva and pupa. In this paper we review the experimental data on the genes and their products controlling the ACDs of the SOP cell and its daughter cells, and their further specialization.

We discuss the main mechanisms determining the time when the cell enters ACD, as well as the mechanisms providing for the structural characteristics of asymmetric division, namely, polar distribution of protein determinants (Numb and Neuralized), orientation of the division spindle relative to these determinants, and unequal segregation of the determinants specifying the direction of daughter cell development.
It is well known that the high-energy scattering of a meson from some hadronic target can be described by the interaction of that target with a color dipole formed by two Wilson lines corresponding to the fast quark-antiquark pair. Moreover, the energy dependence of the scattering amplitude is governed by the evolution equation of this color dipole with respect to rapidity. Similarly, the energy dependence of scattering of a baryon can be described in terms of evolution of a three-Wilson-line operator with respect to the rapidity of the Wilson lines.

We calculated the evolution of the 3-quark Wilson loop operator in the Next-to-Leading Order (NLO), and we presented a quasi-conformal evolution equation for a composite 3-Wilson-line operator.

Futhermore, we obtained the linearized version of that evolution equation describing the amplitude of the odderon exchange at high energies.
На основании реализации вложения случайных процессов, построенной авторами в [1]

доказывается, что классическое случайное блужданиие в зависимости от топологии наблюдения реализуется при вложении в "легкое фазовое пространство" как субдиффузия, а в "тяжелое фазовое пространство" как супердиффузия
We report a study of the magnetic field dependence of photoluminescence of NV$^-$ centers (negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy centers) in diamond single crystals. In such a magnetic field dependence characteristic sharp features are observed, which are coming from Level Anti-Crossings (LACs) in a coupled electron-nuclear spin system. For sensitive detection of such LAC-lines we use lock-in detection to measure the photoluminescence intensity. This experimental technique allows us to obtain new LAC lines. Additionally, a remarkably strong dependence of the LAC-lines on the modulation frequency is found. Specifically, upon decrease of the modulation frequency from 12 kHz to 17 Hz the amplitude of the LAC-lines increases by approximately two orders of magnitude. To take a quantitative account for such effects, we present a theoretical model, which describes the spin dynamics in a coupled electron-nuclear spin system under the action of an oscillating external magnetic field. Good agreement between experiments and theory allows us to conclude that the observed effects are originating from coherent spin polarization exchange in a coupled spin system comprising the spin-polarized NV$^-$ center. Our results are of great practical importance allowing one to optimize the experimental conditions for probing LAC-derived lines in diamond crystals comprising NV$^-$ centers and for indirect detection and identification of other paramagnetic defect centers.
A totipotent zygote has unlimited potential for differentiation into all cell types found in an adult organism. During ontogenesis proliferating and maturing cells gradually lose their differentiation potential, limiting the spectrum of possible developmental transitions to a specific cell type. Following the initiation of the developmental program cells acquire specific morphological and functional properties. Deciphering the mechanisms that coordinate shifts in gene expression revealed a critical role of three-dimensional chromatin structure in the regulation of gene activity during lineage commitment. Several levels of DNA packaging have been recently identified using chromosome conformation capture based techniques such a Hi-C. It is now clear that chromatin regions with high transcriptional activity assemble into Mb-scale compartments in the nuclear space, distinct from transcriptionally silent regions. More locally chromatin is organized into topological domains, serving as functionally insulated units with cell type – specific regulatory loop interactions. However, molecular mechanisms establishing and maintaining such 3D organization are yet to be investigated. Recent focus on studying chromatin reorganization accompanying cell cycle progression and cellular differentiation partially explained some aspects of 3D genome folding. Throughout erythropoiesis cells undergo a dramatic reorganization of the chromatin landscape leading to global nuclear condensation and transcriptional silencing, followed by nuclear extrusion at the final stage of mammalian erythropoiesis. Drastic changes of genome architecture and function accompanying erythroid differentiation seem to be an informative model for studying the ways of how genome organization and dynamic gene activity are connected. Here we summarize current views on the role of global rearrangement of 3D chromatin structure in erythroid differentiation.
Using the path-integral technique we examine the mutual information for the communication channel modeled by the nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation with additive Gaussian noise. The nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation is one of the fundamental models in nonlinear physics, and it has a broad range of applications, including fiber optical communications---the backbone of the internet. At large signal-to-noise ratio we present the mutual information through the path-integral, which is convenient for the perturbative expansion in nonlinearity. In the limit of small noise and small nonlinearity we derive analytically the first nonzero nonlinear correction to the mutual information for the channel.
In this paper, an axisymmetric problem of gas outflow from a pipe end to an area of high density (two-phase mixture) is considered.

Simulation of the two-phase coolant outflow without phase transition is carried out using a two-velocity model, solved by the LCPFCT software package [1]. Cross-verification is performed with the results of calculation obtained by the OpenFoam software [2] using the VOF method for the approximation of the single-velocity model of a two-phase compressible medium.

Using various numerical programs and various physical models of a two-phase medium gives a more complete understanding of the occurring processes.
Pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of blindness in the world, remains poorly understood. This makes it necessary to create animal models for studying AMD pathogenesis and to design new therapeutic approaches.

Here we showed that retinopathy in OXYS rats is similar to human AMD according to clinical signs, morphology, and vascular endothelium growth factor (VEGF) and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) genes expression. Clinical signs of retinopathy OXYS rats manifest by the age 3 months against the background of significantly reduced expression level of VEGF and PEDF genes due to the decline of the amount of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells and alteration of choroidal microcirculation. The disruption in OXYS rats' retina starts at the age of 20 days and appears as reduce the area of RPE cells but does not affect their ultrastructure. Ultrastructural pathological alterations of RPE as well as develop forms of retinopathy are observed in OXYS rats from age 12 months and manifested as excessive accumulation of lipofuscin in RPE regions adjacent to the rod cells, whirling extentions of the basement membrane into the cytoplasm.

These data suggest that primary cellular degenerative alterations in the RPE cells secondarily lead to choriocapillaris atrophy and results in complete loss of photoreceptor cells in the OXYS rats' retina by the age of 24 months.
From December 2011 to May 2014, about 5 fb−1 of data were taken with the BESIII detector at center-of-mass energies between 3.810 GeV and 4.600 GeV to study the charmonium-like states and higher excited charmonium states. The time-integrated luminosity of the collected data sample is measured to a precision of 1% by analyzing events produced by the large-angle Bhabha scattering process.
Calcification is a very common phenomenon in the coronary arteries, which is part of the atherosclerotic process, and the degree of calcification can predict clinical outcomes in patients at high risk of coronary events. Both the degree of calcification and the patterns of its distribution are of prognostic importance, but the relationship of coronary artery calcification with atherosclerotic plaque instability is extremely complex and not fully understood. This article is devoted to the study of calcification markers and their influence on the development of atherosclerotic foci.
In the paper the new experimental data are presented to study the gas-liquid flow in minichannels with a thickness of 1 mm and 1.2 mm in isothermal conditions. The design (fluid input conditions) and the width of the channels were changed. The boundaries between the patterns of the gas-liquid flow were determined. Gas-liquid flow regimes maps were created. The patterns of a gas-liquid flow and transition between flow patterns were analyzed in detail. It made possible to find out the features of the gas-liquid flow in the solar collectors minichannels.
Objective . Practical application of central aortic pressure (CAP) parameters is limited by the absence of generally recognized reference and threshold diagnostic indices. The purpose of this work is to establish their values in the general population of Novosibirsk. Materials and Methods . A total of 327 people were examined: 155 men and 172 women aged 25–44 years from a representative sample from the general population of Novosibirsk. Applanation tonometry of the radial artery was performed by the SphygmoCor system. The reference values of CAP parameters were obtained by a nonparametric method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) recommendations (95 % percentile interval with 2.5 % and 97.5 % cut-off points and their 90 % confidence intervals). Diagnostic thresholds and categories of CAP were determined as mean values depending on the categories of brachial arterial pressure (BP) and on the basis of risk estimates, as well as sensitivity and specificity values for left ventricular hypertrophy similar to risk and sensitivity and specificity values of threshold levels (categories) of brachial BP. Results. The reference values of the parameters of the CAP were: 18–43 mm Hg for pulse pressure; 5–24 mm Hg for the amplification of pulse pressure; – 8.8–40 % for the augmentation index. Diagnostic categories of CAP were determined to be: optimal – less than 110 / 80, normal – 110 / 80–114 / 84, high normal – 115 / 85–124 / 89, hypertension – more than 125 / 90 mm Hg. Conclusion . The reference values, diagnostic thresholds and categories of parameters of CAP in the general population of Novosibirsk aged 25–44 years have been determined. It is expedient to further study them.
This paper describes the first experimental evidence of how vortex breakdown develops and disappears in both upper and lower fluids in a sealed vertical cylindrical container, where two immiscible fluids circulate driven by the rotating lid while other walls are stationary.

The rotating lid generates both swirling and meridional circulations of the upper and lower fluids. Our experimental study reveals that vortex breakdown can occur in (a) upper, (b) lower, and (c) both fluids. The kind of flow pattern depends on properties of liquids.

The most intriguing and practically important flow phenomenon is the formation of local circulation cells (vortex breakdown). The vortex breakdown flows can intensify heat and mass transfer.
Wir untersuchen eine neuartige Gruppe von Polarisationsmitteln – gemischtvalente Verbindungen – mittels theoretischer und experimenteller Methoden und demonstrieren ihre Leistungsfähigkeit in NMR‐Experimenten mit Hochfeld‐DNP (DNP=Dynamic Nuclear Polarization, dynamische Kernpolarisation) im festen Zustand.

Diese gemischtvalenten Verbindungen stellen eine Gruppe von Molekülen dar, bei denen die molekulare Mobilität auch in Festkörpern erhalten bleibt.

Folglich können solche Polarisationsmittel unter günstigen Bedingungen für die dynamische Kernpolarisationsbildung bei ultrahohen Magnetfeldern verwendet werden, um Overhauser‐DNP‐Experimente im Festkörper durchzuführen.
In the paper we present our simulation strategy of the Tunka-Grande, TAIGA-Muon, and TAIGA-HiSCORE arrays in the light of the problem of separation astrophysical high-energy gamma rays from the cosmic ray background.

The paper contains a description of our simulation method, based on Geant4 and CORSIKA codes.

We also present the prospect of future research with TAIGA (Tunka Advanced Instrument for cosmic rays and Gamma Astronomy) with using the simulation results.
The process e+e−→γχcJ (J=1, 2) is studied via initial state radiation using 980 fb−1 of data at and around the Υ(nS) (n=1, 2, 3, 4, 5) resonances collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e+e− collider. No significant signal is observed except from ψ(2S) decays. Upper limits on the cross sections between √s=3.80 and 5.56 GeV are determined at the 90% credibility level, which range from a few pb to a few tens of pb. We also set upper limits on the decay rate of the vector charmonium [ψ(4040), ψ(4160), and ψ(4415)] and charmoniumlike [Y(4260), Y(4360), and Y(4660)] states to γχcJ.Received 17 June 2015DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.92.012011© 2015 American Physical Society
In eutherian mammals, dosage compensation arose to balance X-linked gene expression between sexes and relatively to autosomal gene expression in the evolution of sex chromosomes. Dosage compensation occurs in early mammalian development and comprises X chromosome upregulation and inactivation that are tightly coordinated epigenetic processes. Despite a uniform principle of dosage compensation, mechanisms of X chromosome inactivation and upregulation demonstrate a significant variability depending on sex, developmental stage, cell type, individual, and mammalian species. The review focuses on relationships between X chromosome inactivation and upregulation in mammalian early development.
A tamoxifen–homocysteine conjugate provides a tool to prepare a multifunctionalized albumin theranostic with a significant cytotoxicity on the malignant cells.
T and NK cells armed with chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) are promising tools for the specific elimination of cancer cells. In most CAR designs implemented to date, the recognition of target cells is mediated by single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) derived from murine monoclonal antibodies. This format, however, has a number of limitations, including its relatively large size and potential immunogenicity in humans.

In this study, we explored the feasibility of using human fibronectin type III domains (Fn3) as the antigen recognition domain in CARs. Human Fn3 domains have lower predicted immunogenicity compared to mouse-derived sequences, and a reduced molecular weight compared to scFvs. We created a functional CAR using a VEGFR2-specific Fn3 module replacing the conventional scFv.

The resulting FnCAR specifically potentiates the cytotoxic activity of human T cells and YT NK cells in the presence of VEGFR2-positive targets. These findings demonstrate that Fn3 domains can be used in CARs for antigen recognition.