Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
A fully sequenced high-quality genome has revealed in 2010 the existence of a human population in Asia, the Denisovans, related to and contemporaneous with Neanderthals. Only five skeletal remains are known from Denisovans, mostly molars; the proximal fragment of a fifth finger phalanx used to generate the genome, however, was too incomplete to yield useful morphological information.

Here, we demonstrate through ancient DNA analysis that a distal fragment of a fifth finger phalanx from the Denisova Cave is the larger, missing part of this phalanx. Our morphometric analysis shows that its dimensions and shape are within the variability of Homo sapiens and distinct from the Neanderthal fifth finger phalanges.

Thus, unlike Denisovan molars, which display archaic characteristics not found in modern humans, the only morphologically informative Denisovan postcranial bone identified to date is suggested here to be plesiomorphic and shared between Denisovans and modern humans.
We studied flow dynamics in a model combustion chamber using Large-eddy simulations (LES) and Particle image velocimetry (PIV) at the Reynolds number Re of 15,000. The swirl is produced using a Turbomeca swirler and air flow, while combustion is supported by a central methane/air jet. We compared four flow regimes, assessing the effect of the central jet for isothermal and lean reacting conditions. A detailed comparison for isothermal and reactive cases without the central jet is described, validating the LES results against PIV. We observe that unsteady dynamics are governed by global instability in the form of a well-known precessing vortex core (PVC). The central jet slightly changes the dynamics of PVC in the isothermal case where a strong recirculation zone is still formed. However, for the reacting case, the bubble is completely destroyed with no signs of strong vortical structures in the inner shear layer. These observations are confirmed using spectral analysis and proper orthogonal decomposition, describing the contribution of different flow modes in terms of azimuthal harmonics.
Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line, ICGi040-A, was obtained from skin fibroblasts derived from a male patient with mosaic ring small supernumerary marker chromosome 4 (sSMS(4)) and infertility.

ICGi040-A cells have karyotype 47,XY,+r(4) in 97% of cells and express a set of pluripotent markers, as well as are able to differentiate in vitro into derivatives of all three embryonic germ layers.
In our experiments, we investigate a flow of a viscous fluid in the model of the common carotid artery bifurcation. The studies are carried out using three hardware equipments: two magnetic resonance scanners by Philips and Bruker, and intravascular guidewire ComboWire. The flux is generated by a special pump CompuFlow that is designed to reproduce a flow similar to the one in the blood vessels. A verification of the obtained data is carried out. Conducted research shows the capabilities of the measurement instruments and reflects the character of fluid flow inside the model.
This paper presents the recent experimental results on development of an optical frequency standard based on ultra cold magnesium atoms with relative frequency uncertainty and long term stability at the level of Δv/v <10−16. We stabilized the frequency of our clock laser system at 655 THz to narrow Ramsey fringes in a time separated laser fields interacting with cooled Mg atoms localized in a magneto-optical trap (MOT). The intercombination line 1S0→3P1 was used as the reference for frequency stabilization. The results of stabilization were studied with femtosecond comb based on Ti:Sa laser.
The literature review is devoted to a new class of chronic heart failure, namely: chronic heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction (HFmrEF). In this article, we aim to clarify the existing literature on the clinical characteristics and pathophysiology of this newly-defined group of patients. Modern approaches to the therapy of HFmrEF are analyzed.
Studying new translations of the classic literature is important due to the growing interest for the phenomenon of re-translation in modern linguistics. The purpose of the study is to analyze the relevance of stylistic dissonance phenomena in the Russian translation of "Sense and Sensibility", published in 2013 – «Разум и чувство» (pronounced as [razum i chuvstvo], which means "Reason and feeling"). The stylistic dissonance is regarded in the paper as the combination of different styles of vocabulary: literary words (poetic, obsolete, etc.), colloquialisms, anachronisms and anachronistic expressions. The following categories of the stylistic dissonance phenomena are revealed: 1) reflection (or creation) of comic effects and irony; 2) adaptation of the novel to the modern audience’s language picture of the world, tastes and preferences; 3) imperfections of translation and editing. The 3rd category and its 3 subcategories will be examined in the next article. The analysis is a part of a larger research based on studying the full-text translations of J. Austen’s novel Sense and Sensibility written by Russian and French authors.
To identify the level of development of innovative activity of SMEs in Kazakhstan the methods of correlation and regression analysis were implemented.

The analysis conducted on the basis of available statistical materials disclosures the impact of different factors on the innovative potential of small and medium-sized businesses. According to the author's approach to the evaluation of innovative potential, there are three groups of factors affecting the innovative potentialfactors of general economic development, factors of development of small and medium-sized businesses and factors of development of research activities. The article also analyzes the main indicators of innovation activity of the considered enterprises and institutional features of their development.

The results of the research allowed to identify both the advantages and disadvantages of innovative activity of national SMEs.
The effect of mechanical processing of copper foil on the single-layer graphene growth is studied. The deformation of the foil in the annealed and unannealed state is carried out by rolling between rollers with varying degrees of roughness. It is shown that the formed single-layer graphene coating on the foil deformed in the unannealed state has a larger number of defects, which is associated with the heterogeneity of the copper texture formed upon annealing. In the case of rolling the copper foil after the annealing stage, the quality of graphene coatings only slightly deteriorates in the deformed areas of foil.
We have observed recently the Stark-tuned three-body F\"orster resonances $3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}n{P}_{3/2}(|M|)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}n{S}_{1/2}+(n+1){S}_{1/2}+n{P}_{3/2}(|{M}^{*}|)$ at long-range interactions of a few cold Rb Rydberg atoms [D. B. Tretyakov et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 173402 (2017)]. The three-body resonance appears at a different dc electric field with respect to the ordinary two-body resonance $2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}n{P}_{3/2}(|M|)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}n{S}_{1/2}+(n+1){S}_{1/2}$ and corresponds to a transition when the three interacting atoms change their states simultaneously (two atoms go to the $S$ states, and the third atom remains in the $P$ state but changes its moment projection), with the negligible contribution of the two-body resonance to the population transfer. It thus has a Borromean character and represents an effective three-body operator, which can be used to directly control the three-body interactions in quantum simulations and quantum gates implemented with Rydberg atoms. In this paper we theoretically investigate the coherence of such three-body resonances and we show that high-contrast Rabi-like population oscillations are possible for the localized Rydberg atoms in a certain spatial configuration. This paves the way to implementing three-qubit quantum gates and quantum simulations based on three-body Rydberg interactions.
Here we investigate the plant population genetics of retrotransposon insertion sites in pea to find out whether genetic drift and the neutral theory of molecular evolution can account for their abundance in the pea genome. (1) We asked whether two contrasting types of pea LTR-containing retrotransposons have the frequency and age distributions consistent with the behavior of neutral alleles and whether these parameters can explain the rate of change of genome size in legumes. (2) We used the recently assembled v1a pea genome sequence to obtain data on LTR-LTR divergence from which their age can be estimated. We coupled these data to prior information on the distribution of insertion site alleles. (3) We found that the age and frequency distribution data are consistent with the neutral theory. (4) We concluded that demographic processes are the underlying cause of genome size variation in legumes.
Cavitation is one of the main sources of flow instabilities arising during the operation of hydraulic equipment and is also a cause of erosion wear of its operating elements. In this regard, the elaboration and development of various methods of cavitating flow control is an urgent problem for hampering cavitation evolution and reducing its negative impact. One of these methods is modification of the surface of a hydrofoil.

In the paper, the results of an experimental study of a cavitating flow around a grooved 2D hydrofoil are presented in comparison with the ones for the original profile. In order to analyze the spatial structure and time dynamics of partial cavities and evaluate their integral parameters, a high-speed imaging was applied. The flow velocity over the hydrofoils and behind them was measured by a PIV technique.

On the modified section, cavitation initiates in form of individual bubbles travelling inside the hollows that transform into cavitating streaks, when the cavitation number is decreased. While the streaks are located in the grooves and do not interact with one another, the flow regime remains stable. However, when their size becomes larger than the groove diameter, they extend beyond these hollows, interact and form an entire cavity which immediately becomes unstable and starts to oscillate. At the transitional flow regime, when cavitating streaks are formed inside the grooves, the intensity of turbulent fluctuations over the modified hydrofoil surface is decreased in comparison with the regime of transient bubble cavitation. This occurs because isolated cavities inside the grooves are likely to restore the shape of the modified foil, making the geometry of its surface closer to the original profile. Thus, the grooved section takes on a streamlined body shape due to local cavitation in the hollows. Besides, the grooves on the GV2 surface cause local flow turbulization in the near-wall region, which seems to be the reason of the delay in cavitation evolution on the grooved hydrofoil. In general, the grooves on a hydrofoil surface are capable to hinder the cavitation development to some extent and prevent the transition to unsteady flow regimes.
We consider some implications of the mass defect on the frequency of atomic transitions. We have found that some well-known frequency shifts (such as gravitational and quadratic Doppler shifts) can be interpreted as consequences of the mass defect, i.e., without the need for the concept of time dilation used in special and general relativity theories. Moreover, we show that the inclusion of the mass defect leads to previously unknown shifts for clocks based on trapped ions..
The paper presents an experimental study of evaporation of a millimeter-sized sessile water droplet into open atmosphere in a wide range of the temperature difference (from 0 to 76 K) between the solid substrate and the atmosphere.

Two copper substrates were used in the experiments. One of them was polished to the root mean square roughness of about 20 nm. Another one was coated with a micrometer-thick film of single-walled carbon nanotubes. With the help of precise drop shape analysis system, the mode of droplet evaporation with pinned contact line was studied.

No appreciable difference was detected in evaporation droplet dynamics between the two substrates for the substrate temperatures from 24 to 100 °C.
Realistic evaluation of the investment attractiveness of the financed project is the basis for the successful functioning of a venture investor. At the same time, investors often have to act in conditions of a severe lack of information, especially when it comes to projects at an early stage of the life cycle. In these cases, they use multi-criteria methods for assessing investment attractiveness, often also called scoring methods.

The aim of this work is to develop a methodology for assessing the investment attractiveness of innovative projects at the early stages of the life cycle, both based on an analysis of theoretical approaches in the field of venture economics, and based on an analysis of existing business practices.We have proposed a method for assessing the investment attractiveness of a project based on dividing the criteria into three macro groups (market and entry strategy, team and product). At the same time, we used a concept that allows us to interpret the value of each of the assessed parameters (seven in each macro group) as a positive or negative signal given by the project to a potential investor.

An important difference between the presented methodology and others described in the professional literature is the combination of the use of theoretical models with an in-depth analysis of the criteria used in practice by various players in the venture capital market (funds, business angels, etc.), which together form the methodological basis of the work. This combination of the use of sources of information on the criteria for evaluating projects determines the scientific novelty of the study. The practical significance lies in the possibility of applying the proposed methodology both by venture investors and other actors of the venture capital ecosystem for making specific financial decisions.
The light-induced frequency shift due to hyperpolarizability (i.e., terms of second-order in intensity) is studied for a forbidden optical transition, $J=0\ensuremath{\rightarrow}J=0$.

A simple universal dependence on the field ellipticity is obtained. This result allows minimization of the second-order light shift with respect to the field polarization for optical lattices operating at a magic wavelength (at which the first-order shift vanishes).

We show the possibility for the existence of a magic elliptical polarization, for which the second-order frequency shift vanishes. The optimal polarization of the lattice field can be either linear, circular, or magic elliptical. The obtained results could improve the accuracy of lattice-based atomic clocks.
Aporrectodea rosea is a cosmopolitan earthworm species widespread in agricultural soils throughout the world. In this paper, we present its complete mitochondrial genome, which is a circular molecule 15,086 bp long and has gene content and arrangement typical for earthworm mtDNA.
Objective: To determine the gender differences in the effect of social support on the risk of arterial hypertension and stroke in general population aged 25–64 years in Russia/Siberia. Design and method: Under the third screening of the WHO MONICA-psychosocial program (MOPSY) random representative sample including both genders aged 25–64 years was surveyed in Novosibirsk in 1994 (n = 1346, 48.8% males; mean age 44,9 ± 0,4 years). Indices of close contacts (ICC) and social relations (SNI) were evaluated at the baseline by Berkman-Syme test. New-onset arterial hypertension (AH) and stroke incidences were identified over 16-years (1994–2010yy) of follow-up in cohort. Results: The prevalence of low ICC levels was higher in men compared to women (63.9% and 57.1%, respectively) and SNI were in women (43% and 77.7%, respectively). The risk of AH over the first 5 years of follow-up was equally 2-fold higher in both men and women with low ICC compared to those with middle and high ICC levels (p < 0.05). Risk of AH was 3-fold higher in men with low SNI but not statistically significant for women. Risk of hypertension in women with low ICC was 1.42 and SNI was 1.58 (p < 0.05) but males had no risk incidence over 16-years; the risk of stroke in people with a low ICC score was higher in men in 3.5 (95% CI 1.42–7.69, p < 0.05), and in women in 3.6 times (95% CI 1.5–8.7, p < 0.01). Those men with a low SNI had 3.4-fold higher risk of stroke (95% CI 1.28–5.46, p < 0.001) and women 2.3-fold higher (95% CI 1.18–4.49, p < 0.05) over 16 years. In a multivariable model, an increase in the risk of stroke in people with low levels of social support was in men with an unfavourable family status, manual labour and in women with a low level of education. Conclusions: Males more likely have low level of ICC and females are low SNI. Males had higher risk of AH over first 5 years of follow-up but long-term risk was non-significant. Social inequalities influenced on stroke risk differently in both gender.
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a binary radiotherapeutic approach to the treatment of malignant tumors, especially glioblastoma, the most frequent and incurable brain tumor. For successful BNCT, a boron-containing therapeutic agent should provide selective and effective accumulation of 10B isotope inside target cells, which are then destroyed after neutron irradiation. Nucleic acid aptamers look like very prospective candidates for carrying 10B to the tumor cells.

This study represents the first example of using 2′-F-RNA aptamer GL44 specific to the human glioblastoma U-87 MG cells as a boron delivery agent for BNCT. The closo-dodecaborate residue was attached to the 5′-end of the aptamer, which was also labeled by the fluorophore at the 3′-end. The resulting bifunctional conjugate showed effective and specific internalization into U-87 MG cells and low toxicity. After incubation with the conjugate, the cells were irradiated by epithermal neutrons on the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics neutron source. Evaluation of the cell proliferation by real-time cell monitoring and the clonogenic test revealed that boron-loaded aptamer decreased specifically the viability of U-87 MG cells to the extent comparable to that of 10B-boronophenylalanine taken as a control.

Therefore, we have demonstrated a proof of principle of employing aptamers for targeted delivery of boron-10 isotope in BNCT. Considering their specificity, ease of synthesis, and large toolkit of chemical approaches for high boron-loading, aptamers provide a promising basis for engineering novel BNCT agents.
In this manuscript we define Vassiliev measures of complexity for open curves in 3-space. These are related to the coefficients of the enhanced Jones polynomial of open curves in 3-space. These Vassiliev measures are continuous functions of the curve coordinates and as the ends of the curve tend to coincide, they converge to the corresponding Vassiliev invariants of the resulting knot. We focus on the second Vassiliev measure from the enhanced Jones polynomial for closed and open curves in 3-space. For closed curves, this second Vassiliev measure can be computed by a Gauss code diagram and it has an integral formulation, the double alternating self-linking integral. The double alternating self-linking integral is a topological invariant for closed curves and a continuous function of the curve coordinates for open curves in 3-space. For polygonal curves, the double alternating self-linking integral obtains a simpler expression in terms of geometric probabilities. For a polygonal curve with 4 edges, the double alternating self-linking integral coincides with the signed geometric probability of obtaining the knotoid k2.1 in a random projection direction.
We report the first double differential cross sections of two charged pions and kaons (e+e−→hhX) in electron-positron annihilation as a function of the fractional energies of the two hadrons for any charge and hadron combination. The dependence of these dihadron cross sections on the topology (same, opposite hemisphere or anywhere) is also studied with the help of the event shape variable thrust and its axis. The ratios of these dihadron cross sections for different charges and hadron combinations directly shed light on the contributing fragmentation functions. For example, we find that the ratio of same-sign pion pairs over opposite-sign pion pairs drops toward higher fractional energies where disfavored fragmentation is expected to be suppressed. These dihadron results are obtained from a 655 fb−1 data sample collected near the Υ(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e+e− collider. Extending the previously published single-pion and single-kaon cross sections, single-proton (e+e−→pX) cross sections are extracted from a 159 fb−1 data subsample.16 MoreReceived 2 September 2015DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.92.092007© 2015 American Physical Society
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia and a predictor of the complications of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVDs), particularly thromboembolic events and the progression of heart failure.

We analyzed the determinants of the 13-year risk of incident AF in a Russian population cohort of middle and elderly age. A random population sample (n = 9360, age 45-69 years) was examined at baseline in 2003-2005 and reexamined in 2006-2008 and 2015-2017 in Novosibirsk (the HAPIEE study). Incident AF was being registered during the average follow-up of 13 years. The final analysis included 3871 participants free from baseline AF and cardiovascular disease (CVD) who participated in all three data collections. In a multivariable-adjusted Cox regression model...

In a multivariable-adjusted Cox regression model, the 13-year risk of AF was positively associated with the male sex (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.20; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.26-3.87); age (HR = 1.10 per year; 95% CI 1.07-1.14); body mass index (BMI), (HR = 1.11 per unit; 95% CI 1.07-1.15); systolic blood pressure (SBP), (HR = 1.02 per 1 mmHg; 95% CI 1.01-1.02), and it was negatively associated with total cholesterol (TC), (HR = 0.79 per 1 mmol/L; 95% CI 0.66-0.94). In women, the risk of AF was more strongly associated with hypertension (HT) and was also negatively related to total cholesterol (TC) level (HR = 0.74 per 1 mmol/L; 95% CI 0.56-0.96). No independent association was found with mean alcohol intake per drinking occasion. These results in a Russian cohort have an implication for the prediction of AF and ASCVD complications in the general population.