Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Two new triterpenoid saponins 1 and 2 were isolated from the methanol extract of the roots of Acanthophyllum gypsophiloides Regel. These saponins have quillaic acid or gypsogenin moieties as an aglycon, and both bear similar sets of two oligosaccharide chains, which are 3-O-linked to the triterpenoid part trisaccharide α-L-Arap-(1→3)-[α-D-Galp-(1→2)]-β-D-GlcpA and pentasaccharide β-D-Xylp-(1→3)-β-D-Xylp-(1→3)-α-L-Rhap-(1→2)-[β-D-Quip-(1→4)]-β-D-Fucp connected through an ester linkage to C-28.

The structures of the obtained saponins were elucidated by a combination of mass spectrometry and 2D NMR spectroscopy. A study of acute toxicity, hemolytic, anti-inflammatory, immunoadjuvant and antifungal activity was carried out.

Both saponins 1 and 2 were shown to exhibit immunoadjuvant properties within the vaccine composition with keyhole limpet hemocyanin-based immunogen. The availability of saponins 1 and 2 as individual pure compounds from the extract of the roots of A. gypsophiloides makes it a prospective source of immunoactive agents.
The phenomenon of bacterial persistence – a non-inherited antibiotic tolerance in a minute fraction of the bacterial population, was observed more than 70 years ago. Nowadays, it is suggested that “persister cells” undergo an alternative scenario of the cell cycle; however, pathways involved in its emergence are still not identified. We present a mathematically grounded scenario of such possibility. We have determined that population drift in the space of multiple neutrally coupled mutations, which we called “neutrally coupled co-evolution” (NCCE), leads to increased dynamic complexity of bacterial populations via appearance of cells capable of carrying out a single cell cycle in two or more alternative ways and that universal properties of the coupled transcription-translation system underlie this phenotypic multiplicity. According to our hypothesis, modern persister cells have derived from such cells and regulatory mechanisms that govern the consolidation of this phenomenon represented the trigger. We assume that the described type of neutrally coupled co-evolution could play an important role in the origin of extremophiles, both in bacteria and archaea.
We carry out calculations of Orlicz cohomology for some basic Riemannian manifolds (the real line, the hyperbolic plane, the ball).

Relationship between Orlicz cohomology and Poincaré-Sobolev-Orlicztype inequalities is discussed.
The article presents the results of measuring the temperature distribution parameters based on planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) of the hydroxyl radical (OH) upon excitation of the transition (1–0) of the A 2 ∑ + – X 2 ∏ system. Thermometry is based on registration of the ratio of the radiation intensity of the transition (2–0) and transitions (0–0), (1–1).

For the most frequent excitation lines Q 2 (7), Q 1 (8), R 1 (14), P 1 (2), numerical simulation of fluorescence spectra was performed using the LASKIN software. In this work, the measurement procedure for the laminar pre-mixed Bunsen flame of a methane-air mixture was experimentally worked out.

It was shown that the maximum sensitivity of the signal to temperature changes is achieved when the Q 1 (8) transition is excited. It was found that quenching of fluorescence has a negligible effect on the accuracy of temperature measurement.
We prove that the dialgebras, which are obtained by the Cayley-Dickson process from the two-dimensional commutative associative dialgebra D, are disimple noncommutative Jordan dialgebras.Furthermore, a decomposition holds for them into the direct sum of a composition algebra and the equating ideal of the dialgebra.
We performed Large-eddy simulations of the flow in a model air Francis turbine in a range of low-load regimes with a swirler rotating at fixed frequency.

All investigated regimes revealed the presence of coherent helical vortex structure in the draft tube: the precessing vortex core.

We identified the frequency of this instability and obtained mean flow velocity fields to be utilized in further works.
. Spin relaxation has been at the core of many studies since the early days of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and the underlying theory worked out by its founding fathers. This BlochâRedfieldâAbraham relaxation theory has been recently reinvestigated (Bengs and Levitt,Â 2020) in the perspective of Lindblad theory of quantum Markovian master equations in order to account for situations where the widely used semi-classical relaxation theory breaks down. In this article, we review the conventional approach of quantum mechanical theory of NMR relaxation and show that, under the usual assumptions, it is equivalent to the Lindblad formulation. We also comment on the debate on semi-classical versus quantum versions of spectral density functions involved in relaxation.
The success of topological insulators (TI) in creating devices with unique functionalities is directly connected to the ability of coupling their helical spin states to well defined perturbations. However, up to now, TI-based heterostructures always resulted in very disordered interfaces, characterized by strong mesoscopic fluctuations of the chemical potential which make the spin-momentum locking ill-defined over length scales of few nanometers or even completely destroy topological states. These limitations call for the ability to control topological interfaces with atomic precision. Here, we demonstrate that molecular self-assembly processes driven by inherent interactions among the constituents offer the opportunity to create well-defined networks at TIs surfaces. Even more remarkably, we show that the symmetry of the overlayer can be finely controlled by appropriate chemical modifications. By analyzing the influence of the molecules on the TI electronic properties, we rationalize our results in terms of the charge redistribution taking place at the interface. Overall, our approach offers a precise and fast way to produce tailor-made nanoscale surface landscapes. In particular, our findings make organic materials ideal TIs counterparts, since they offer the possibility to chemically tune both electronic and magnetic properties within the same family of molecules, thereby bringing us a significant step closer towards an application of this fascinating class of materials.
We search for CP violation in Cabibbo-suppressed charged D meson decays by measuring the difference between the CP-violating asymmetries for the Cabibbo-suppressed decays D(±)→K(+)K(-)π(±) and the Cabibbo-favored decays D(s)(±)→K(+)K(-)π(±) in the K(+)K(-) mass region of the ϕ resonance.

Using 955 fb(-1) of data collected with the Belle detector, we obtain A(CP)(D+→ϕπ+)=(+0.51±0.28±0.05)%.

The measurement improves the sensitivity of previous searches by more than a factor of 5. We find no evidence for direct CP violation.
The Wiener index is a topological index of a molecular graph, defined as the sum of distances between all pairs of its vertices. Benzenoid graphs include molecular graphs of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. An edge thorny graph G is constructed from a catacondensed benzenoid graph H by attaching new graphs to edges of a perfect matching of H. A formula for the Wiener index of G is derived. The index of the resulting graph does not contain distance characteristics of elements of H and depends on the Wiener index of H and distance properties of the attached graphs.
The results of the cluster analysis showed that all the regions classified as the Arctic zone of Russia can be identified as resource regions. Identification was based on such factors as the role of the mining sectors in the region's economy, the share of mineral extraction tax and employment in the extractive industries, especially in oil and gas sector.

Econometric analysis built on panel data showed that the production of energy resources in the Arctic regions directly affects the level of socio-economic development of the Arctic regions.

At the same time, it is important to take into account that these regions are characterized by a single-industry type of economy, which does not allow for comprehensive innovative development of various sectors of the region's economy. As a result, the "resource curse" of the regions of the Arctic zone of Russia was revealed. This includes significant challenges and threats to the sustainable development of the Arctic regions.
The study is aimed at analyzing the applicability of the logging tool with toroidal coils in the sections of deviated oil-and-gas wells.

We carried out a three-dimensional finite-difference simulation of the electromagnetic signals in geoelectric models of oil-, gas-, oil-water- and water-saturated reservoirs for the entire set of operating modes, frequencies and positions of the receiver toroidal coils.

Characteristic features of the signals were revealed depending on the resistivity contrast and reservoir thickness at various well deviation angles.
The work presented describes a combined approach to the partial extraction of the argumentative structure of a text that can be employed in the absence of sufficient annotated data to apply efficiently the machine learning methods for the direct detection of arguments and their relations.

In this case, argument identification is performed by using the patterns of argumentation indicators created by a linguist and automatically expanded. These patterns enable the recognition of specific argument types with fine precision. In this study, arguments "from expert opinion" serve as such a pivot type. Besides, potential relations between recognized arguments are analyzed by dividing the text into superphrasal units (fragments united by one topic). The criterion for connecting arguments in an argumentative structure is their inclusion in the same superphrasal unit.

An experiment for identifying potentially related arguments is conducted on a set of popular science texts with a minimum size of 1000 words.
High effectiveness of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) makes actual the investigation aimed at creating transport systems for the targeted delivery of boron-containing agents.Liposomes are currently among promising boron carriers for BNCT.Existing liposomal technologies allow changing their properties by changing the particle diameter, surface charge, lipid composition, and the presence of vector molecules on the surface of the liposome membrane.The structure of liposomes can include in their composition hydrophobic and lipophilic boron-containing agents at the same time, which increases the content of boron atoms in them.

Methods for rapid assessment of dynamic absorption and localization of substances delivered in their composition are required for experiments to improve liposomal drug delivery systems.The method of labeling the lipid membrane of liposomes and their internal contents is a great interest in view of the presence of a large number of various luminescent dyes and highly efficient methods for assessing their intracellular localization (confocal microscopy).By using the method of the rapid freezing of tissues and the preparation of cryosections from them makes it possible to perform an express assessment of the liposomes transport properties for a high volume of samples.The blue region of the spectrum for labeling liposomes did not use in our experiments leaving it for the nuclear dyes (Hoechst 33342, DAPI).Nile red was used for labeling liposomal membranes (excitation/emission maxima ~552/636 nm), PKH-26 (excitation/emission maxima ~551/567 nm), TopFluor PC (excitation/emission maxima ~495/503 nm).High molecular dextran derivatives FITC-Dextran (excitation/emission maxima ~495/520 nm), Rhodamine B isothiocyanate-Dextran (excitation/emission ~570⁄590 nm) were used for labeling internal water core liposomes.

The combination of the proposed luminescent labels allows us to determine the localization of the labels of liposomes delivered in the lipid and aqueous phases selectively and makes it possible to extrapolate these data with respect to hydrophilic and lyophilic boron-containing agents.The remaining free region of the spectrum lying in the far-red spectrum allows using it for determining the localization of liposomes in certain organelles, for example, mitochondria (MitoTracker Deep Red for mitochondria, Liso Tracker Deep Red for lysosomes, etc).
The article considers the possibility of calculating indicators of the theoretical cost category using modern inter-industry interregional tools for forecasting economic development. The principles of displaying production relationships implemented in them and the resulting calculated indicators in the cost dimension do not contradict the categories of classical political economy.

In parallel, the concept of redistribution of nominal value by means of Finance between interconnected producers and consumers was introduced when applying the intersectoral approach. The paper provides an example of calculations. The usual financial statements are used as an instrumental basis, but the number of employees is set as an input measure of all costs. As a result, all calculated data: prices (aggregated prices), indices of their changes in dynamics, current financial flows are recalculated in labor costs. The tables below represent the corresponding indicators aggregated by region.

Despite the proximity of the financial and cost categories, the use of cost characteristics in financial instruments to calculate them affects the quantitative results to a certain extent. In particular, comparison of indicators of forecasts of financial and cost statements of tasks connected with one initial base of tasks of material composition shows the following. The dynamics of changes in the total income of the population, budgets, volume of loans, etc. for indicators in value units are overwhelmingly lower than the corresponding values of the mentioned purely financial task. This suggests that the rates calculated in current prices (the financial task) have a greater inflationary impact than similar indicators calculated in value units. Or, regional differentiation of calculated units of product value above the corresponding indices of consolidated prices of purely financial statements. To a certain extent, this is due to the fact that the task adopted assumptions for a certain alignment of economic activity conditions by region due to the differentiation of Federal taxes.
МЕТОДИКА НАХОЖДЕНИЯ УГЛОВОГО РАСПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ РЕЛЯТИВИСТСКИХ ЭЛЕКТРОНОВ ЗАМАГНИЧЕННОГО ПУЧКА ИЗ ИЗМЕРЕНИЙ ИХ ПОГЛОЩЕНИЯ В ПОСЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬНОСТИ ЦИЛИНДРИЧЕСКИХ КОЛЛИМАТОРОВВ задаче о движении потока замагниченных релятивистских электронов в цилиндрическом канале, размеры которого соизмеримы с их ларморовским радиусом, найдено распределение по длине канала поглотившихся в его стенке электронов при различном начальном угловом разбросе этих частиц.Данное решение получено с учетом отражения релятивистских электронов от цилиндрической поверхности канала при произвольном угле падения электронов на нее.В соответствии с полученным решением создан и проверен в реальном эксперименте многоканальный датчик углового разброса электронов, построенный как совокупность последовательно размещенных поглощающих коллиматоров
We report the results of a high-statistics search for H dibaryon production in inclusive Υ(1S) and Υ(2S) decays. No indication of an H dibaryon with a mass near the M(H)=2m(Λ) threshold is seen in either the H→Λpπ(-) or ΛΛ decay channels and 90% confidence level branching-fraction upper limits are set that are between one and two orders of magnitude below the measured branching fractions for inclusive Υ(1S) and Υ(2S) decays to antideuterons. Since Υ(1S,2S) decays produce flavor-SU(3)-symmetric final states, these results put stringent constraints on H dibaryon properties. The results are based on analyses of 102 million Υ(1S) and 158 million Υ(2S) events collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB e(+)e(-) collider.
This article reports world averages of measurements of $b$-hadron, $c$-hadron, and $\tau$-lepton properties obtained by the Heavy Flavor Averaging Group using results available through summer 2016. For the averaging, common input parameters used in the various analyses are adjusted (rescaled) to common values, and known correlations are taken into account. The averages include branching fractions, lifetimes, neutral meson mixing parameters, \CP~violation parameters, parameters of semileptonic decays and CKM matrix elements.
Liquid phase pentanoic acid hydrogenation in nonpolar hydrocarbon solutions (180 °C, 25 bar) was studied over rhenium on titanium oxide catalysts modified also with group VIII metals -platinum, palladium, ruthenium and rhodium.

It was shown that during hydrogenation pentanoic acid was converted into pentanol followed by esterification with unreacted pentanoic acid into its pentyl ester, resulting in an equilibrium mixture of pentanoic acid -pentanol -pentyl pentanoate.

Conversion of pentanoic acid increased in the row PdRe/TiO 2
Strong coupling of nuclear spins, which is achieved when their scalar coupling 2πJ is greater than or comparable to the difference Δω in their Larmor precession frequencies in an external magnetic field, gives rise to efficient coherent longitudinal polarization transfer. The strong coupling regime can be achieved when the external magnetic field is sufficiently low, as Δω is reduced proportional to the field strength.

The experimental method that we use is two-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), exploiting sample shuttling between the high field, at which NMR spectra are acquired, and the low field, where strong couplings are expected and at which NMR pulses can be applied to affect the spin dynamics. By using this technique, we generate zero-quantum spin coherences by means of a nonadiabatic passage through a level anticrossing and study their evolution at the low field.

Experiments performed with a 13C-labeled amino acid clearly show that the coherent polarization transfer at the low field is pronounced in the 13C spin subsystem under proton decoupling. However, in the absence of proton decoupling, polarization transfer by coherent processes is dramatically reduced, demonstrating that heteronuclear spin-spin interactions suppress the strong coupling regime, even when the external field is low. A theoretical model is presented, which can model the reported experimental results.
Endometrial carcinoma is the most common gynecologic malignancy which is associated with a poor prognosis when diagnosed at an advanced stage; therefore, the discovery of efficacious new drugs is required to reinforce conventional chemotherapy. Short-term cultures of primary cells from endometrial tumors could be used for testing new anticancer therapeutics as well as for the development of personalized cancer therapy strategy.

Here, the antitumor effect of a recombinant analogue of lactaptin (RL2), a new potential anticancer molecule, was examined against primary human endometrial cancer cells.Primary cell cultures of malignant and normal human endometrium were performed by enzymatic digestion of endometrial tissue from biopsy material. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to determine the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) state of estrogen (ERs) and progesterone (PRs) hormone receptors and aromatase (Cyp 19) in cell cultures. Dynamic monitoring of cell adhesion and proliferation was made using the iCELLigence system (ASEA Biosciences). The sensitivity of cell cultures to conventional anticancer drugs and the lactaptin analog was estimated by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, flow cytometry, and the iCELLligence system.

Established short-term primary cultures of endometrial cancer cells were ERα/ERβ/PR-positive and sensitive for RL2. The IC 50 values of doxorubicin and cisplatin were determined for all of the primary cultures designed. KE normal cells displaying low Cyp19 mRNA levels and high ERβ and PR mRNA levels were more resistant to RL2 treatment as well as to cisplatin and doxorubicin.Our results indicate that the recombinant analog of lactaptin, RL2, exerts cytotoxic effects against primary hormone-dependent endometrial tumor cells in vitro with features of apoptosis.
All-fiber Raman lasers have demonstrated their potential for efficient conversion of highly multimode pump beams into high-quality Stokes beams. However, the modal content of these beams has not yet been investigated. In this work, based on a mode decomposition technique, we are able to reveal the details of intermodal interactions in the different operation regimes of continuous wave multimode graded-index fiber Raman lasers. We observed that, above the laser threshold, the residual pump beam is strongly depleted in its transverse modes with principal quantum number below 10. However, the generated Stokes signal beam mainly consists of the fundamental mode, but higher-order modes are also present, albeit with exponentially decreasing population.
The auxin-inducible degron (AID) system is a promising tool for dynamic protein degradation. In mammalian cells, this approach has become indispensable to study fundamental molecular functions, such as replication, chromatin dynamics, or transcription, which are otherwise difficult to dissect. We present evaluation of the two prominent AID systems based on OsTIR1 and AtAFB2 auxin receptor F-box proteins (AFBs). We analyzed degradation dynamics of cohesin/condensin complex subunits in mouse embryonic stem cells (Rad21, Smc2, Ncaph, and Ncaph2) and human haploid HAP1 line (RAD21, SMC2). Double antibiotic selection helped achieve high homozygous AID tagging of an endogenous gene for all genes using CRISPR/Cas9. We found that the main challenge for successful protein degradation is obtaining cell clones with high and stable AFB expression levels due to the mosaic expression of AFBs. AFB expression from a transgene tends to decline with passages in the absence of constant antibiotic selection, preventing epigenetic silencing of a transgene, even at the AAVS1 safe-harbor locus. Comparing two AFBs, we found that the OsTIR1 system showed weak dynamics of protein degradation. At the same time, the AtAFB2 approach was very efficient even in random integration of AFB-expressed transgenes. Other factors such as degradation dynamics and low basal depletion were also in favor of the AtAFB2 system.
The data article refers to the paper titles 'Impact of malnutrition on long-term survival in adult patients after elective cardiac surgery' [1]. The data refer to the analysis of the relationship between baseline malnutrition and long-term mortality after cardiac surgery.

Baseline demographic, nutritional, and medical history data were collected for each enrolled patient. Baseline serum albumin and C-reactive (CRP) protein levels were also obtained. Surgical risk was assessed in accordance with the logistic EuroSCORE. Intraoperative data including cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time and postoperative characteristics, such as postoperative complications, number of days in the ICU, and hospitalization duration, were also collected. Data on nutritional status were collected using four nutritional screening tools: (1) malnutrition universal screening tool (MUST), (2) short nutritional assessment questionnaire (SNAQ), (3) mini-nutritional assessment (MNA), and (4) nutritional risk screening 2002 (NRS-2002). Both electronic medical records and phone interviews were used for survival data collection. ROC analysis was performed to analyze prognostic value of baseline and perioperative variables on long-term mortality. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis of predictors of 3- and 8-year mortality were performed.

Kaplan-Meyer curves, describing the impact of baseline and perioperative characteristics on 3- and 8-year survival were also performed.