Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Aim. To analyze differential expression of metalloproteases genes, involved into the processes of stabilization/destabilization of atherosclerotic plaque, with the method of full genome sequencing of RNA, and to evaluate the level of metalloproteases in homogenates of plaques of various types by immune enzyme assay method (IEA). Material and methods. The study has been conducted on the specimens of atherosclerotic plaques of patients aged 45-65 y.o., inhabitants of Western Siberia with angiographically proven coronary atherosclerosis and no acute coronary syndrome, with stable angina II-IV functional class. Specimens collection from the plaques was done during an operation if there were intraoperational indications. Histology performed. In intima/media homogenates by IEA method, with BCM Diagnostics assays the levels of destructive markers were measured: MMP-1, MMP3, MMP-7, MMP-9, TIMP-1 on the Multiscan EX (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA). Libraries preparation for full genomic sequencing of RNA was done with Illumina’s TruSeq RNA Sample Preparation Kit (Illumina, USA). Expression profile in tissues was done on HiSeq 1500 (Illumina, USA). Results. There are differences in expression of the genes MMP2 , MMP7 , MMP8 , MMP9 , MMP12 , и MMP14 in different types of plaques. There was 8 times higher significant raise in increase of the expression level of ММР9 (p<0,001) in unstable plaque of dystrophic-necrotic type. Study by IEA of MMP-7 content, which is an activator of pro-MMP-9, as well as the content of MMP-9 itself, showed their increased levels in unstable plaques comparing to fatty streaks (1,5 and 2,4 times) and young stable plaques (1,4 and 2,1 times). Conclusion. For the gene ММР9 there were significant differences obtained, of expression levels in stable atherosclerotic fibrous plaque and unstable plaque of dystrophic-necrotic type. With the IEA it was found that fatty streaks and young stable atheromas of coronary arteries have an increased concentration of MMP-3 and decreased activity of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteases. In unstable plaques with the tendency to rupture/ulceration there are increased levels of MMP-1, MMP-7, MMP-9.
We investigated the relationship between 'epigenetic age' (EA) derived from DNA methylation (DNAm) and myocardial infarction (MI)/acute coronary syndrome (ACS). A random population sample was examined in 2003/2005 (n = 9360, 45-69, the HAPIEE project) and followed up for 15 years. From this cohort, incident MI/ACS (cases, n = 129) and age- and sex-stratified controls (n = 177) were selected for a nested case-control study. Baseline EA (Horvath's, Hannum's, PhenoAge, Skin and Blood) and the differences between EA and chronological age (CA) were calculated (ΔAHr, ΔAHn, ΔAPh, ΔASB). EAs by Horvath's, Hannum's and Skin and Blood were close to CA (median absolute difference, MAD, of 1.08, -1.91 and -2.03 years); PhenoAge had MAD of -9.29 years vs. CA. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of MI/ACS per 1-year increments of ΔAHr, ΔAHn, ΔASB and ΔAPh were 1.01 (95% CI 0.95-1.07), 1.01 (95% CI 0.95-1.08), 1.02 (95% CI 0.97-1.06) and 1.01 (0.93-1.09), respectively. When classified into tertiles, only the highest tertile of ΔAPh showed a suggestion of increased risk of MI/ACS with OR 2.09 (1.11-3.94) independent of age and 1.84 (0.99-3.52) in the age- and sex-adjusted model. Metabolic modulation may be the likely mechanism of this association. In conclusion, this case-control study nested in a prospective population-based cohort did not find strong associations between accelerated epigenetic age markers and risk of MI/ACS. Larger cohort studies are needed to re-examine this important research question.
The paper is devoted to the numerical implementation of a model of the dynamics of the tungsten vapors flow evaporating from the sample surface. To calculate the speed and mass flow rate of the substance evaporating from the sample surface, a system of gas dynamics equations is numerically solved. The boundary conditions for the gas velocity and density on the heated surface have a great influence on the solution of the problem. Boundary conditions for temperature are obtained as a result of solving the two-phase Stefan problem in a cross-section of the sample. The aim of the study is to model the erosion of the sample surface and penetration of heat flow into the material.
Currently, several materials for the closure of the dura mater (DM) defects are known. However, the long-term results of their usage reveal a number of disadvantages. The use of antibiotics and chitosan is one of the major trends in solving the problems associated with infectious after-operational complications. This work compares the mechanical properties of samples of bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) impregnated with Novochizol™ and vancomycin with native BNC and preserved and native human DM. An assessment of the possibility of controling the mechanical properties of these materials by changing their thickness has been performed by statistical analysis methods. A total of 80 specimens of comparable samples were investigated. During the analysis, the results obtained, the factor of Novochizol™ addition has provided a statistically significant impact on the strength properties (Fisher Criteria p-value 0.00509 for stress and 0.00112 for deformation). Moreover, a stronger relationship between the thickness of the samples and their ultimate load was shown: R2=0.236 for BNC + Novochizol™ + vancomycin, compared to R2=0.0405 for native BNC. Using factor analysis, it was possible to show a significant effect of modified chitosan (Novochizol™) on the ultimate stress (p-value = 0.005).
surpassing the in-plane spatial resolution (i.e., pixel size) achievable with micro-positron emission tomography (PET)

We demonstrate the feasibility of microscale molecular imaging using hyperpolarized proton and carbon-13 MRI contrast media and low-field (47.5 mT) preclinical scale (38 mm i.d.) 2D magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Hyperpolarized proton images with 94 × 94 μm2 spatial resolution and hyperpolarized carbon-13 images with 250 × 250 μm2 in-plane spatial resolution were recorded in 4–8 s (largely limited by the electronics response). These hyperpolarized proton and 13C images were recorded using large imaging matrices of up to 256 × 256 pixels and relatively large fields of view of up to 6.4 × 6.4 cm2. 13C images were recorded using hyperpolarized 1-13C-succinate-d2 (30 mM in water, %P13C = 25.8 ± 5.1% (when produced) and %P13C = 14.2 ± 0.7% (when imaged), T1 = 74 ± 3 s), and proton images were recorded using 1H hyperpolarized pyridine (100 mM in methanol-d4, %PH = 0.1 ± 0.02% (when imaged), T1 = 11 ± 0.1 s). Both contrast agents were hyperpolarized using parahydrogen (>90% para-fraction) in an automated 5.75 mT parahydrogen induced polarization (PHIP) hyperpolarizer. A magnetized path was demonstrated for successful transportation of a 13C hyperpolarized contrast agent (1-13C-succinate-d2, sensitive to fast depolarization when at the Earth's magnetic field) from the PHIP polarizer to the 47.5 mT low-field MRI.

While future polarizing and low-field MRI hardware and imaging sequence developments can further improve the low-field detection sensitivity, the current results demonstrate that microscale molecular imaging in vivo is already feasible at low (<50 mT) fields and potentially at low (∼1 mM) metabolite concentrations.
Chromosomal rearrangements that lead to recombination suppression can have a significant impact on speciation, and they are also important for breeding. The regions of recombination suppression in wheat chromosome 5B were identified based on comparisons of the 5B map of a cross between the Chinese Spring (CS) variety of hexaploid wheat and CS-5Bdic (genotype CS with 5B substituted with its homologue from tetraploid Triticum dicoccoides) with several 5B maps of tetraploid and hexaploid wheat.

In total, two regions were selected in which recombination suppression occurred in cross CS × CS-5Bdic when compared with other maps: one on the short arm, 5BS_RS, limited by markers BS00009810/BS00022336, and the second on the long arm, 5BL_RS, between markers Ra_c10633_2155 and BS00087043. The regions marked as 5BS_RS and 5BL_RS, with lengths of 5 Mb and 3.6 Mb, respectively, were mined from the 5B pseudomolecule of CS and compared to the homoeologous regions (7.6 and 3.8 Mb, respectively) of the 5B pseudomolecule of Zavitan (T. dicoccoides).

It was shown that, in the case of 5BS_RS, the local heterochromatin islands determined by the satellite DNA (119.2) and transposable element arrays, as well as the dissimilarity caused by large insertions/deletions (chromosome rearrangements) between 5BSs aestivum/dicoccoides, are likely the key determinants of recombination suppression in the region. Two major and two minor segments with significant loss of similarity were recognized within the 5BL_RS region. It was shown that the loss of similarity, which can lead to suppression of recombination in the 5BL_RS region, is caused by chromosomal rearrangements, driven by the activity of mobile genetic elements (both DNA transposons and long terminal repeat retrotransposons) and their divergence during evolution. It was noted that the regions marked as 5BS_RS and 5BL_RS are associated with chromosomal rearrangements identified earlier by С-banding analysis of intraspecific polymorphism of tetraploid emmer wheat. The revealed divergence in 5BS_RS and 5BL_RS may be a consequence of interspecific hybridization, plant genetic adaptation, or both.
Ultra-high power (exceeding the self-focusing threshold by more than three orders of magnitude) light beams from ground-based laser systems may find applications in space-debris cleaning. The propagation of such powerful laser beams through the atmosphere reveals many novel interesting features compared to traditional light self-focusing.

It is demonstrated here that for the relevant laser parameters, when the thickness of the atmosphere is much shorter than the focusing length (that is, of the orbit scale), the beam transit through the atmosphere in lowest order produces phase distortion only.

This means that by using adaptive optics it may be possible to eliminate the impact of self-focusing in the atmosphere on the laser beam. The area of applicability of the proposed 'thin window' model is broader than the specific physical problem considered here. For instance, it might find applications in femtosecond laser material processing.
In modern society, the problem of osteoporosis and diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most relevant one and covers the majority of the world's elderly population. One of the severe consequences of this pathology is a fracture that occurs when falling from a height of one's own growth or spontaneously.

In this review, we will consider the impact of risk factors for DM-related falls in the context of osteoporotic fractures.

Due to growing comorbidity, elderly people with diabetes have an additional range of potential risk factors for falls.
We use $(121\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1)$ million $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}(3S)$ and $(98\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1)$ million $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}(2S)$ mesons recorded by the BABAR detector at the PEP-II ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collider at SLAC to perform a study of radiative transitions involving the ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{b\mathrm{J}}(1P,2P)$ states in exclusive decays with ${\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ final states. We reconstruct twelve channels in four cascades using two complementary methods. In the first we identify both signal photon candidates in the electromagnetic calorimeter (EMC), employ a calorimeter timing-based technique to reduce backgrounds, and determine branching-ratio products and fine mass splittings. These results include the best observational significance yet for the ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{b0}(2P)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\gamma}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}(2S)$ and ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{b0}(1P)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\gamma}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}(1S)$ transitions. In the second method, we identify one photon candidate in the EMC and one which has converted into an ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ pair due to interaction with detector material, and we measure absolute product branching fractions. This method is particularly useful for measuring $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}(3S)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\gamma}{\ensuremath{\chi}}_{b1,2}(1P)$ decays. Additionally, we provide the most up-to-date derived branching fractions, matrix elements and mass splittings for ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{b}$ transitions in the bottomonium system. Using a new technique, we also measure the two lowest-order spin-dependent coefficients in the nonrelativistic QCD Hamiltonian.
Photoremovable protective groups (PPGs) and related 'caged' compounds have been recognized as a powerful tool in an arsenal of life science methods. The present review is focused on recent advances in design of 'caged' compounds which function in red or near-infrared region. The naive comparison of photon energy with that of organic bond leads to the illusion that long-wavelength activation is possible only for weak chemical bonds like N-N.

However, there are different means to overcome this threshold and shift the uncaging functionality into red or near-infrared regions for general organic bonds. We overview these strategies, including the novel photochemical and photophysical mechanisms used in newly developed PPGs, singlet-oxygen-mediated photolysis, and two-photon absorption.

Recent advances in science places the infrared-sensitive PPGs to the same usability level as traditional ones, facilitating in vivo application of caged compounds.
We performed transcriptome analysis in the hippocampus 24 h after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration. We observed glial-specific genes, comprised of two-thirds of all differentially expressed genes (DEGs). We found microglial DEGs that were the most numerous in LPS group. On the contrary, differential alternative splicing (DAS) analysis revealed the most numerous DAS events in astrocytes. Besides, we observed distinct major isoform switching in the Ptbp1 gene, with skipping of exon 8 in LPS group. Ptbp1 usually considered a pluripotency sustaining agent in brain embryonic development, according to the previous studies. Analyzing the splicing tune-up upon LPS exposure, we came to a supposition that the short Ptbp1 isoform de-represses immune-specific response by Ptbp1 adjusted splicing architecture. Additionally, the Ptbp3 (NOD1) immune-specific splicing factor has apparently been de-repressed by the Ptbp1 short isoform in glial cells. Notably, both the Ptbp1 and Ptbp3 genes express primarily in microglial/endothelial brain cells. We also report immune-related genes, altering their major isoforms upon LPS exposure. The results revealed immune modulating role of alternative splicing in brain.
У истоков русской этимологической лексикографии: «Опыт о ближайшем сродстве языка славяно-российского с
Several whole genome duplication (WGD) events followed by rediploidization took place in the evolutionary history of vertebrates. Acipenserids represent a convenient model group for investigation of the consequences of WGD as their representatives underwent additional WGD events in different lineages resulting in ploidy level variation between species, and these processes are still ongoing.

Earlier, we obtained a set of sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) chromosome-specific libraries by microdissection and revealed that they painted two or four pairs of whole sterlet chromosomes, as well as additional chromosomal regions, depending on rediploidization status and chromosomal rearrangements after genome duplication. In this study, we employed next generation sequencing to estimate the content of libraries derived from different paralogous chromosomes of sterlet. For this purpose, we aligned the obtained reads to the spotted gar (Lepisosteus oculatus) reference genome to reveal syntenic regions between these two species having diverged 360 Mya.

We also showed that the approach is effective for synteny prediction at various evolutionary distances and allows one to clearly distinguish paralogous chromosomes in polyploid genomes. We postulated that after the acipenserid-specific WGD sterlet karyotype underwent multiple interchromosomal rearrangements, but different chromosomes were involved in this process unequally.
A list of 54 bee species of the family Megachilidae with data on their distribution and relative abundance in Kemerovskaya Oblast is presented.Five species, Megachile fulvimana Eversmann, 1852, M. nigriventris Schenck, 1870, Osmia inermis (Zetterstedt, 1838), O. nigriventris (Zetterstedt, 1838) and Pseudoanthidium tenellum (Mocsáry, 1881), are recorded for the region first time.Three species, Hoplitis turcestanica (Dalla Torre, 1896), Megachile maacki Radoszkowski, 1874 and Osmia parietina Curtis, 1828 are deleted from the list of species for the region due to doubtful species identification.Currently, knowledge of megachilid bee species composition in Kemerovskaya Oblast is much better than other regions of Siberia.
A method of sideband Raman cooling to the vibrational ground state of the $m=0$ Zeeman sublevel in a far-detuned two-dimensional optical lattice is proposed. In our scheme, the Raman coupling between vibrational manifolds of the adjacent Zeeman sublevels is shifted to the red sideband due to the ac Stark effect induced by a weak pump field. Thus cooling and optical pumping to $m=0$ are achieved by purely optical means with coplanar cw laser beams. The optical lattice and cooling parameters are estimated in the framework of simple theoretical models. An application of the transverse sideband cooling method to frequency standards is discussed. Coherent population trapping for the sideband Raman transitions between the degenerate vibrational levels is predicted.
The absence of comparable epidemiological data challenges the correct estimation of the prevalence of congenital hearing loss (HL) around the world. Sign language (SL) is known as the main type of communication of deaf people.

We suggest that the distribution of SL can be interpreted as an indirect indicator of the prevalence of congenital HL. Since a significant part of congenital HL is due to genetic causes, an assessment of the distribution of SL users can reveal regions with an extensive accumulation of hereditary HL. For the first time, we analyzed the data on the distribution of SL users that became available for the total population of Russia by the 2010 census. Seventy-three out of 85 federal regions of Russia were ranked into three groups by the 25 th and 75 th percentiles of the proportion of SL users: 14 regions—'low proportion'; 48 regions—'average proportion'; and 11 regions—'high proportion'.

We consider that the observed uneven prevalence of SL users can reflect underlying hereditary forms of congenital HL accumulated in certain populations by specific genetic background and population structure. At least, the data from this study indicate that the highest proportions of SL users detected in some Siberian regions are consistent with the reported accumulation of specific hereditary HL forms in indigenous Yakut, Tuvinian and Altaian populations.
To verify the type of diabetes mellitus (DM) remains an extremely important problem in endocrinology, as along with types 1 and 2 DM there are rarer hereditary types of DM, including maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY). The latter is a genetic type of DM, which is characterized by an autosomal dominant inheritance. Eleven types of MODY (MODY 1 to MODY13) are identified; each is associated with mutations in the certain gene: HNF4A, GCK, HNF1A, PDX1, HNF1B, NEUROD1, KLF11, CEL, PAX4, INS, BLK, KCNJ11 and ABCC8.

A molecular genetic testing for suspected MODY is conducted to verify the diagnosis and to define a subtype of MODY, patient management tactics, to predict the outcome of the disease and its complications in relation to the found subtype of MODY.

It is also important to seek mutation causing MODY in terms of the early detection of MODY in the first-degree relatives of a proband, appropriate therapy of the disease, and prevention of its complications.
The thermoelectric response of 80-nm-thick strained HgTe films of a three-dimensional topological insulator (3D TI) has been studied experimentally.

An ambipolar thermopower is observed where the Fermi energy moves from conducting to the valence bulk band. The comparison between theory and experiment shows that the thermopower is mostly due to the phonon drag contribution.

In the region where the 2D Dirac electrons coexist with bulk hole states, the Seebeck coefficient is modified due to 2D electron - 3D hole scattering.
УДК 616.379-008.64-71ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ ДИАГНОСТИКИ НАРУШЕНИЙ РЕОЛОГИИ У БОЛЬНЫХ САХАРНЫМ ДИАБЕТОМ 2 ТИПА

Кручинина М.В. 1 , Громов А.А. 1 , Паруликова М.В. 1 , Головин М.Г. 1 , Баум В.А. 1 , Генералов В.М. 2 , Генералов К.В. 2 , Кручинин В.Н. 3 1 Научно-исследовательский институт терапии и профилактической медицины -филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук», Новосибирск
Results of numerical simulation of instability development and formation of self-gravitating clumps (embryos of protoplanets) in a thin circumstellar gaseous disk are analyzed and systematized.

Numerical experiments are performed using a disk model based on a combination of Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamic (SPH) and Hockney methods to solve Poisson's equation on a uniform Cartesian grid.

It is shown that the process of clump formation can be characterized by an average growth rate of the total mass of fragments in the disk; this rate is strongly dependent on the physical parameters of the disk and is slightly dependent on the parameters of the numerical model. It is confirmed that there exists a range of the disk parameters such that the appearance or absence of clumps in the disk depends on the resolution in use and on the details of the numerical algorithm, whereas beyond this range such a dependence is not observed. It is shown that, for a combination of the SPH method with grid-based method to calculate the gravitational force, it is necessary that the hydrodynamic smoothing length does not exceed the grid cell length, otherwise we obtain the following numerical effects in the solutions: the disk shape becomes a square and an artificial grouping of model particles takes place due to the evolution of pairing (clumping) instability in SPH.