Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
The Ediacaran macrofossil Charnia masoni Ford is perhaps the most iconic member of the Rangeomorpha: a group of seemingly sessile, frondose organisms that dominates late Ediacaran benthic, deep-marine fossil assemblages. Despite C. masoni exhibiting broad palaeogeographical and stratigraphical ranges, there have been few morphological studies that consider the variation observed among populations of specimens derived from multiple global localities. We present an analysis of C. masoni that evaluates specimens from the UK, Canada and Russia, representing the largest morphological study of this taxon to date. We describe substantial morphological variation within C. masoni and present a new morphological model for this species that has significant implications both for interpretation of rangeomorph architecture, and potentially for existing taxonomic schemes. Previous reconstructions of Charnia include assumptions regarding the presence of structures seen in other rangeomorphs (e.g. an internal stalk) and of homogeneity in higher order branch morphology; observations that are not borne out by our investigations. We describe variation in the morphology of third and fourth order branches, as well as variation in gross structure near the base of the frond. The diagnosis of Charnia masoni is emended to take account of these new features. These findings highlight the need for large-scale analyses of rangeomorph morphology in order to better understand the biology of this long-enigmatic group.
The manuscript describes several monochromatization schemes starting from A.~Renieri \cite{ref:Renieri} proposal for head-on collisions based on correlation between particles transverse position and energy deviation. We briefly explain initial proposal and expand it for crossing angle collisions. Then we discuss new monochromatization scheme for crossing angle collisions based on correlation between particles longitudinal position and energy deviation.
Heat pipes are a promising cooling system due to the fact of high efficiency and non-availability of moving parts such as pumps.

The experimental investigation of heat transfer in a flat heat pipe has been carried out. The temperature field on the heat pipe has been evaluated using an infrared camera and K-type thermocouples. The IR-camera data and K-type thermocouple data have been compared.

The linear dependence of the power supplied to the evaporator on the temperature difference between the evaporator and the condenser is shown.
Let $\{S_n,\, n\geq1\}$ be a random walk with independent and identically distributed increments, and let $\{g_n,\,n\geq1\}$ be a sequence of real numbers. Let $T_g$ denote the first time when $S_n$ leaves $(g_n,\infty)$. Assume that the random walk is oscillating and asymptotically stable, that is, there exists a sequence $\{c_n,\,n\geq1\}$ such that $S_n/c_n$ converges to a stable law. In this paper we determine the tail behavior of $T_g$ for all oscillating asymptotically stable walks and all boundary sequences satisfying $g_n=o(c_n)$. Furthermore, we prove that the rescaled random walk conditioned to stay above the boundary up to time $n$ converges, as $n\to\infty$, towards the stable meander.
Recent theoretical predictions of ``unprecedented proximity'' of the electronic ground state of iridium fluorides to the SU(2) symmetric ${j}_{\mathrm{eff}}=1/2$ limit, relevant for superconductivity in iridates, motivated us to investigate their crystal and electronic structure. To this aim, we performed high-resolution x-ray powder diffraction, Ir ${\mathrm{L}}_{3}$-edge resonant inelastic x-ray scattering, and quantum chemical calculations on ${\mathrm{Rb}}_{2}[{\mathrm{IrF}}_{6}]$ and other iridium fluorides. Our results are consistent with the Mott insulating scenario predicted by Birol and Haule [Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 096403 (2015)], but we observe a sizable deviation of the ${j}_{\mathrm{eff}}=1/2$ state from the SU(2) symmetric limit. Interactions beyond the first coordination shell of iridium are negligible, hence the iridium fluorides do not show any magnetic ordering down to at least 20 K. A larger spin-orbit coupling in iridium fluorides compared to oxides is ascribed to a reduction of the degree of covalency, with consequences on the possibility to realize spin-orbit-induced strongly correlated physics in iridium fluorides.
Aim.To study the association of single-nucleotide polymorphismrs3025058(5а/6а) with the development of stroke in patients of the East Siberian population with cardiovascular pathology and risk factors for its development.

Materials and methods.The study involved 260 patients with stroke (age [57.0; 51.062.0]) and 272 patients of the control group (age [55.0; 51.062.0]). Among the patients who underwent stroke, 157 men and 103 women. The control group included 170 men and 102 women. The examination of the main group included: collection of complaints, anamnesis, clinical examination, computed tomography of the brain, electrocardiography, echocardioscopy, ultrasound duplex scanning of the extracranial brachiocephalic arteries, 24-hour monitoring of blood pressure and heart rate, analysis of the blood coagulation system. The patients of the main group had the following cardiovascular pathology and risk factors: arterial hypertension, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardias, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis of extracranial brachiocephalic arteries, disorders of the hemostasis system. The control group was examined within the framework of the international project HAPIEE. Molecular genetic research was carried out by real-time PCR. Statistical processing of the material was carried out using the Statistica for Windows 7.0, Excel and SPSS 22 application software.

Results.The study established statistically significant associations between the 5a/5a genotype and the 5a allele and stroke in the general group of patients, as well as in the subgroup of men, subgroups of patients with extracranial brachiocephalic arteries atherosclerosis and dyslipidemia. In the subgroup of patients with cardiac arrhythmias, statistically significant results were obtained only for allele 5a, and in the subgroup of women with stroke, subgroups of patients with arterial hypertension and hypercoagulation, no significant associations ofrs3025058(5a/6a) polymorphism with stroke were found. Conclusion.Genotype 5a/5a and allele 5a of the single-nucleotide polymorphismrs3025058(5а/6а) increase the risk of stroke in individuals from the East Siberian population, including those in the presence of such risk factors as extracranial brachiocephalic arteries atherosclerosis and dyslipidemia.
Breathing solitons are nonlinear waves in which the energy concentrates in a localized and oscillatory fashion. Similarly to stationary solitons, breathers in dissipative systems can form stable bound states displaying molecule‐like dynamics, which are frequently called breather molecules. So far, the experimental observation of optical breather molecules and the real‐time detection of their dynamics are limited to diatomic molecules, that is, bound states of only two breathers. In this work, the observation of different types of breather complexes in a mode‐locked fiber laser: multibreather molecules, and molecular complexes originating from the binding of two breather‐pair molecules or a breather pair molecule and a single breather is reported. The intermolecular temporal separation of the molecular complexes attains several hundreds of picoseconds, which is more than an order of magnitude larger than that of their stationary soliton counterparts and is a signature of long‐range interactions. Numerical simulations of the laser model support the experimental findings. Moreover, nonequilibrium dynamics of breathing solitons are also observed, including breather collisions and annihilation. This work opens the possibility of studying the dynamics of many‐body systems in which breathers are the elementary constituents.
A measurement of the cross-section for pp->Z->e+e- is presented using data at sqrt{s}=7TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 0.94 fb^{-1}. The process is measured within the kinematic acceptance pT>20GeV/c and 2Z->e+e-)=76.0+-0.8+-2.0+-2.6pb where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second is systematic and the third is the uncertainty in the luminosity. The measurement is performed as a function of Z rapidity and as a function of an angular variable which is closely related to the Z transverse momentum. The results are compared with previous LHCb measurements and with theoretical predictions from QCD.
Similar plaques from southern Siberia and Central Asia were described by many Russian, Kazakh, Kirghiz, and Mongolian historians and archaeologists.

A formal classification of plaques is proposed, and their chronology, cultural attribution, and function are assessed.

Such items, associated with early medieval Turkic-speaking nomads of Tian Shan and Semirechye, are similar to those worn by the Yenisei Kyrgyz of the Minusinsk Basin in southern Siberia, by the Kimek of the steppe Altai and the upper Irtysh in Kazakhstan, by the Qarluq of southwestern Central Asia, and by other Turkic tribes inhabiting areas from the Ural to Mongolia.
Приводятся данные литологического, спорово-пыльцевого и радиоуглеродного анализов отложений массива дюнных песков - тукулан Кысыл-Сырский (долина нижнего течения р. Вилюй, Центральная Якутия). На основании полученных результатов в районе исследования выделены три этапа развития растительности и три стадии формирования тукулана Кысыл-Сырский за последние 40 тыс. лет.
The power of second harmonic electromagnetic emission is calculated for the case when strong plasma turbulence is excited by a powerful electron beam in a magnetized plasma.

It is shown that the simple analytical model of strong plasma turbulence with the assumption of a constant pump power is able to explain experimentally observed bursts of electromagnetic radiation as a consequence of separate collapse events.

It is also found that the electromagnetic emission power calculated for three-wave interaction processes occurring in the long-wavelength part of turbulent spectrum is in order-of-magnitude agreement with experimental results.
Novel lupane‐type triterpenoid‐isoxazole conjugates were designed by direct placing of isoxazole linker at C(17) of triterpenoid.

The suggested synthetic sequence demonstrates successful combination of electro‐organic synthesis and conventional approaches. TEMPO‐mediated electrooxidation of betulin to betulinal was developed and optimized at boron‐doped diamond anodes with potassium acetate as inexpensive supporting electrolyte. Betulinal‐derived oxime was further selectively electro‐oxidized at a graphite anode to nitrile oxide, which proved to be stable and isolable species. The same reaction sequence was performed with 3β‐lupane‐3,28‐diol. Nitrile oxides were characterized by 15 N NMR and X‐ray crystallography. The isolable nitrile oxides allowed creation of isoxazole library by 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reactions with various alkynes.

Some of the title conjugates exhibit cytostatic properties against breast cancer cell line MCF7, glioblastoma multiform cell line U‐87 MG and lung carcinoma cell line A549 with growth inhibition (GI 50 ) concentrations up to 11 μ m , while being harmless to immortalized human fibroblasts hTERT (GI 50 >100 μm ).
The main goal of this study was to examine the effect of long-term meditation practice on behavioral indicators and ERP peak characteristics during an error-recognition task, where participants were presented with emotionally negative (evoking anxiety or aggression) written sentences describing self-related or non-self-related emotional state and personality traits.

In total, 200 sentences written in Russian with varying emotional coloring were presented during the task, with half of the sentences containing a grammatical error that the participants were asked to identify. The EEG was recorded in age-matched control individuals (n = 17) and two groups of Samatha meditators with relatively short- (3-5 years' experience, n = 18) and long-term (10-30 years' experience, n = 18) practice experience. Task performance time (TPT) and accuracy of error detection (AED) were chosen as behavioral values. Amplitude, time latency and cortical distribution of P300 and P600 peaks of ERP were used as a value of speech-related brain activity. All statistical effects of meditation were estimated, controlling for age and sex.

No behavioral differences between two groups of meditators were found. General TPT was shorter for both groups of meditators compared to the control group. Non-meditators reacted significantly slower to sentences about aggression than to sentences about anxiety or non-emotional sentences, whereas no significance was found between meditator groups. Non-meditators had better AED for the sentences about one-self than for the sentences about other people, whereas the meditators did not show any significant difference. The amplitude of P300 peak in frontal and left temporal scalp regions was higher for long-term meditators in comparison with both intermediate and control groups. The latency of P300 and P600 in left frontal and temporal regions positively correlated with TPT, whereas the amplitude of P300 in these regions had a negative correlation with TPT. We demonstrate that long-term meditation practice increases the ability of an individual to process negative emotional stimuli. The differences in behavioral reactions after onset of negative information that was self-related and non-self-related, which is typical for non-meditators, disappeared due to the influence of meditation. ERP results could be interpreted as a value of increase in voluntary control over emotional state during meditational practice.
Population structure is an important factor in the genetic association studies but often remains underexplored for many human populations. We identified exome variants in 39 Siberian Caucasian individuals from Novosibirsk, Russia and compared their genetic allele frequencies with European populations from 1000 Genomes Project. The study participants were from Novosibirsk and represented people with monogenic diabetes, healthy individuals and a cohort from the tick-borne encephalitis study. Isolated DNA was enriched using Agilent SureSelect V5 kit and sequenced on Illumina HiSeq 4000 and genetic variants were identified using GATK pipeline. To estimate the patterns of the population structure we used PCA and ADMIXTURE analysis. Pharmocogenetically and medically important variants were annotated based on PharmGKB and ClinVar databases. The analysis identified low, but highly significant population differentiation attributed to numerous loci between the Siberian Caucasian population and other European population samples as well as a higher proportion of the Finnish genetic component in the studied sample. The medical and pharmacogenetic annotation of highly significantly differentiated variants between the Novosibirsk and the combined European populations revealed a number of important genetic polymorphisms located in such genes as FCGR3B, TYR, OCA2, FABP1, CHEK2 and SLC4A1. The study reports for the first time an exome-wide comparison of a population from Russia with European samples and emphasizes the importance of population studies with medical annotation of variants.
A mouse model of chronic social conflicts was used to analyze dorsal striatum neurons implicated in cAMP-mediated phosphorylation activation pathways specific for Medium Spiny Neurons (MSNs). Based on expression correlation analysis, we succeeded in dissecting Drd1- and Drd2-dopaminoceptive neurons (D1 and D2, correspondingly) gene pathways. We also found that D1 neurons feature previously reported two states, passive and active ones, represented in our analysis by distinct, negatively correlated gene clusters. The correlation based gene pathways strongly corroborate the phosphorylation cascades highlighted in the previous studies, implying that the expression-based viewpoint corresponds to phosphorylation/dephosphorylation interplay in each type of neurons. Notably, D2 neurons showed the largest Ppp1r1b (encoding DARPP-32 ) expression modulation impact, implying that Ppp1r1b expression dynamics is mostly associated with neuroendocrine response mediated by Penk/Pdyn genes expression in D2 neurons. We observed that under defeat stress in chronic social conflicts mice exhibited reduced motor activity as well as overall depression of dopamine-mediated MSNs activity, while aggressive mice exhibited motor hyperactivity and an increase in both D1-active phase and D2 MSNs genes expression. Based on alternative transcript isoforms expression analysis, it was assumed that many genes ( Drd1, Adora1, Pde10, Ppp1r1b, Gnal ), specifically those in D1 neurons, apparently remain transcriptionally repressed via the reversible mechanism of promoter CpG island silencing, resulting in alternative promoter usage following profound reduction in their expression rate. Significance statement Medium Spiny Neurons (MSNs) comprise the main body of dorsal striatum neurons and represent dopaminoceptive GABAergic neurons. The cAMP- mediated cascade of excitation and inhibition responses involved in dopaminergic neurotransmission is crucial for neuroscience research due to its involvement in the motor and behavioral functions. In particular, all types of addictions are related to MSNs. Shedding the light on the mechanics of the above-mentioned cascade is of primary importance for this research domain. In this paper MSNs steady states will be elucidated based on pooled tissue RNA-Seq data not explicitly outlined before and connected with dynamic dopamine neurotransmission cycles.
Deterministically integrating semiconductor quantum emitters with plasmonic nano-devices paves the way towards chip-scale integrable, true nanoscale quantum photonics technologies. For this purpose, stable and bright semiconductor emitters are needed, which moreover allow for CMOS-compatibility and optical activity in the telecommunication band. Here, we demonstrate strongly enhanced light-matter coupling of single near-surface ($<10\,nm$) InAs quantum dots monolithically integrated into electromagnetic hot-spots of sub-wavelength sized metal nanoantennas. The antenna strongly enhances the emission intensity of single quantum dots by up to $\sim16\times$, an effect accompanied by an up to $3.4\times$ Purcell-enhanced spontaneous emission rate. Moreover, the emission is strongly polarised along the antenna axis with degrees of linear polarisation up to $\sim85\,\%$. The results unambiguously demonstrate the efficient coupling of individual quantum dots to state-of-the-art nanoantennas. Our work provides new perspectives for the realisation of quantum plasmonic sensors, step-changing photovoltaic devices, bright and ultrafast quantum light sources and efficent nano-lasers.
The results of field studies, chemical-an alytical and numerical investigations of snowpack contamination in the winter season of 2014/2015 in the vicinity of Sovetskoye highway of Novosibirsk after its reconstruction of 20092014 years.It was shown that substantial reductions of PAH emissions and the change of the space structure of the field of their fallouts, in comparison with the monitoring data of 2008 were shown.

In the kinematic approximation, the few-parametric model of the field reconstruction of preci pitations of the polydisperse impurity from the linear source and the method of its numerical realization in the explicit form was proposed.The approbation of the proposed model on the experimental data obtained was carried out.

Linear correlations between the preci pitation content and that of organic and inorganic components of the samples were established.
An experimental study of the process of the dissolution of diamonds in a sulfur-containing iron melt with different contents of sulfur (10, 15, 20, 25, 30 wt. %) at 3,5 GPa and 1400°C has been carried out.

The obtained results indicate that under the realized conditions, the plane-faced diamond crystals of octahedral habit are transformed into a curved octahedroid shape with morphological characteristics similar to natural diamonds from kimberlites.

It has been concluded that metal-sulphide melts, given their relatively low melting points, could affect the safety of diamonds in the mantle. The presence of sulfur reduces the solubility of carbon and tends to zero in the Fe-S melt compositions close to eutectic (25 and 30 wt. %). That is, the presence of sulfur has a favorable effect on the stability of diamonds.
The present work is devoted to the phenology of individual flowering and the construction of structure-dynamic models of this process on its basis. The results of the study of the flowering phenology of Campanula bononiensis, C. sarmatica and Platycodon grandiflorus are presented. The data obtained characterize both the phenological (time and duration of flowering, lifespan of individual flowers) and structural features (degree of branching of the inflorescence, length of floral axes, number of flowers, order of their blooming) that describe the flowering of a monocarpic shoot. Inflorescences of the species are elongated and multiflorous, of the compound type inherent for Campanulaceae, and characterized by a high variability of all structural features. Observation data were processed by standard statistical methods and used to construct stochastic computer models of flowering shoots, while omissions in data were restored by using the maximum likelihood method. Flowering patterns of the species, due to differences in phenological and structural features, have been revealed. It has been shown that flowering curves depend on the synchrony in the flowers blooming on the main (first-order) axis and lateral (second-order) axes. C. bononiensis has one asymmetrical peak with a broadening on the left, achieved with the simultaneous blooming of flowers in the upper and lower parts of the main axis and on lateral axes in the middle part of the inflorescence, where the first-order flowers have already finished blooming (they provided the broadening). Flowering curves for C. sarmatica and P grandiflorus are bimodal, with the first peak being due to the flowers blooming on the main axis and the second one on lateral axes. The constructed models reproduce the patterns of individual flowering well, with natural variability, and can be used to simulate the flowering of a group of individuals (population), for example, in landscape design. In combination with visualization tools, they can be used for augmenting plant phenotyping datasets with rendered images of synthetic plants for the purpose of training neural networks in this field.
A recent paper on solid-state 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance in graphitic materials reports on the difficulties with the interpretation of the spectra and presents alternative methods to obtain informative experimental data. Therein, special emphasis is placed on the role of dipole–dipole interactions in the case of 13 C-enriched samples and on the assignment of the 13 C spectral components beyond the common “graphitic range”. Here, we show that the consideration of the experimental conditions, namely, the speed of magic angle spinning, plays a more important role in the data interpretation. Further, we provide the experimental and theoretical evidences that the appearance of the 13 C resonances shifted upfield from the typical sp 2 -hybridized carbon range is not surprising, but rather exhibits a characteristic feature of the graphitic materials with specific morphology. Finally, we show that analysis of the anisotropy of the chemical shift tensor is informative even in the case of very broad 13 C spectra and supports the microscopy observations.