Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
When performing precision measurements, the quantity being measured is often perturbed by the measurement process itself. This includes precision frequency measurements for atomic clock applications carried out with Ramsey spectroscopy.

With the aim of eliminating probe-induced perturbations, a method of generalized auto-balanced Ramsey spectroscopy (GABRS) is presented and rigorously substantiated. Here, the usual local oscillator frequency control loop is augmented with a second control loop derived from secondary Ramsey sequences interspersed with the primary sequences and with a different Ramsey period. This second loop feeds back to a secondary clock variable and ultimately compensates for the perturbation of the clock frequency caused by the measurements in the first loop. Several variants of GABRS are explored based on different secondary variables including added relative phase shifts between Ramsey pulses, external frequency-step compensation, and variable second-pulse duration.

We show that such a two-loop scheme can lead to perfect compensation of measurement-induced light shifts and does not suffer from the effects of relaxation, time-dependent pulse fluctuations and phase-jump modulation errors that are typical of other hyper-Ramsey schemes. We demonstrate that a universal anti-symmetric error signal, and hence perfect compensation at finite modulation amplitude, is generated only if an additional frequency-step applied during both Ramsey pulses is used as the concomitant variable parameter. This universal technique can be applied to the fields of atomic clocks, high-resolution molecular spectroscopy, magnetically induced and two-photon probing schemes, Ramsey-type mass spectrometry, and to the field of precision measurements. Some variants of GABRS can also be applied for rf atomic clocks using CPT-based Ramsey spectroscopy of the two-photon dark resonance.
The high energy packed in alkyne functional group makes alkyne reactions highly thermodynamically favorable and generally irreversible. Furthermore, the presence of two orthogonal π-bonds that can be manipulated separately enables flexible synthetic cascades stemming from alkynes. Behind these “obvious” traits, there are other more subtle, often concealed aspects of this functional group’s appeal. This review is focused on yet another interesting but underappreciated alkyne feature: the fact that the CC alkyne unit has the same oxidation state as the -CH2C(O)- unit of a typical carbonyl compound. Thus, “classic carbonyl chemistry” can be accessed through alkynes, and new transformations can be engineered by unmasking the hidden carbonyl nature of alkynes. The goal of this review is to illustrate the advantages of using alkynes as an entry point to carbonyl reactions while highlighting reports from the literature where, sometimes without full appreciation, the concept of using alkynes as a hidden entry into carbonyl chemistry has been applied.
An experimental study of the formation of thermocapillary structures at low Reynolds numbers and temperature gradients at the surface of the film in a wide range of the viscosity of the liquid was carried out. The data on the distance between the rivulets are generalized. It is shown that the transverse dimension of structures is determined by the capillary constant and does not depend on either the viscosity of the liquid or the flow rate.
The possibility of adaptation of a Multi-GPU, CUDA-based code for parallel computations on CPUs with the OpenMP technology is considered.

By applying macros of the preprocessor of the C++ language and compiler options, the source code can be translated the GPU/CUDA, CPU/OpenMP, and Xeon Phi/OpenMP executable files. The operability of this technology is illustrated by an example of adaptation of the HyCFS code.

The computational efficiency for various platforms is compared.
Waves of finite amplitude on a thin layer of non-Newtonian fluid modelled as a power-law fluid are considered. In the long wave approximation, the system of equations taking into account the viscous and nonlinear effects has the hyperbolic type.

For the two-parameter family of periodic waves in the film flow on a vertical wall the modulation equations for nonlinear wave trains are derived and investigated.

The stability criterium for roll waves based on the hyperbolicity of the modulation equations is suggested. It is shown that the evolution of stable roll waves can be described by self-similar solutions of the modulation equations.
Gliomas are the most common type of malignant brain tumors. Standard treatment of gliomas consists of surgical excision of the tumor with subsequent chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Tumor cells are characterized by rapid division with an increased uptake of glucose and its catabolism during glycolysis. To maintain rapid division, the level of glycolysis of the tumor cell is significantly increased, compared with normal cells. It is known that some nanoparticles (NP) have the property of accumulating in tumors. In particular, NPs of manganese oxide can penetrate into the brain and, with considerable accumulation, cause toxic effects. These facts served as a prerequisite for studying the effects of manganese oxide NPs on the viability of glioma cells.

The purpose of this work was to study the effects of manganese oxide NPs, as well as their combination with gamma irradiation on the glycolysis of glioma cells. The cells were irradiated using the research radiobiological gamma-installation IGUR-1 based on 137Cs. The level of cell glycolysis was determined using the standard glycolytic stress test on a Seahorse XFp platform. Cell viability was determined using the ViaCount reagent staining of living and dead cells. Their count was performed using flow cytometry.

We showed that the glycolysis of U-87 MG glioma cells was significantly reduced when incubated for 48 hours with manganese oxide NPs. Irradiation in combination with NPs or alone did not have significant effects on glycolysis of gliomas. Glioma incubation with manganese oxide NPs for 72 hours led to a significant reduction in cell viability. This study may be useful for the development of new therapies and diagnosis of gliomas.
The paper provides results of the field-geological information analysis in order to evaluate the current development stage of reservoir Yu 1 of the Verkh-Tarskoe oilfield. The main recoverableasset is currently indevelopment phase III (declining production). The total well stock consists of 175 wells, of which 134 are producing.The monthly volume of water injection into the reservoir pressure maintenance (RPM) system reaches 100, 000 m 3 , and fluidproductionis about 170, 000 m 3 with averagewater flooding of producing wells is90.4%. The structures with complex geometry thatformedwithin thehydrodynamic field where the deep pressure sinks are associated withproduction wells, and piezomaximawith injection wells.Given the multi-facies pattern of thesandstone depositional environmentsand secondary processes ofrocks metamorphismduringcatagenesis, thetarget reservoirhas a complex structure and its study in greater detail willrequirebuilding a new geological modelof the oilfieldand more precisedefinition engineeringto achieve maximumrecovery.
For p = 1 the class of processes we consider corresponds to the so-called strongly subcritical case.

We study properties of a p -type subcritical branching process in random environment initiated at moment zero by a vector z = ( z 1 , .., z p ) of particles of different types.

It is shown that the survival probability of this process up to moment n behaves as C ( z ) λ n for large n , where the parameters λ ∈ (0, 1) and C ( z ) ∈ (0, ∞) are explicitly described in terms of the characteristics of the process. We also demonstrate that the distribution of the number of particles of different types at moment n → ∞ (given its survival up to this moment) does not asymptotically depend on the number and types of particles initiated the process.
A search for direct production of the f1(1285) resonance in e+e− annihilation is performed with the SND detector at the VEPP-2000 e+e− collider. The analysis is based on data with an integrated luminosity of 15.1 pb−1 accumulated in the center-of-mass energy range 1.2–1.4 GeV. Two e+e−→f1(1285) candidate events are found at the peak of the resonance and zero events beyond the resonance. The significance of the e+e−→f1(1285) signal is 2.5σ. The cross section at the maximum of the resonance is found to be σ(e+e−→f1)=45−24+33 pb. The corresponding branching fraction B(f1(1285)→e+e−)=(5.1−2.7+3.7)×10−9. We consider this result as a first indication of the process e+e−→f1(1285). The measured branching fraction is consistent with the theoretical prediction.
The present status of two operating BINP electron-positron colliders VEPP-2000 and VEPP-4M is given.
A bstract A new method for model-independent measurement of the CKM angle β is proposed, that employs time-dependent analysis of flavour-tagged B 0 → D π + π − decays with D meson decays into $$ \mathcal{C}\mathcal{P} $$ C P -specific and K s 0 π + π − final states. This method can be used to measure the angle β with future data from the BelleII and LHCb experiments with the precision level of one degree.
Modern day studies of wind-driven sea waves are usually focused on wind forcing rather than on the effect of resonant nonlinear wave interactions.

The authors assume that these effects are dominating and propose a simple relationship between instant wave steepness and time or fetch of wave development expressed in wave periods or lengths. This law does not contain wind speed explicitly and relies upon this asymptotic theory. The validity of this law is illustrated by results of numerical simulations, in situ measurements of growing wind seas and wind wave tank experiments.

The impact of the new vision of sea wave physics is discussed in the context of conventional approaches to wave modeling and forecasting.
Chiasma distributions along bivalents 1 and 14 in female and male mice were studied. It was shown that the average chiasma number in both chromosomes show no sex difference. There are however, significant sex differences in chiasma distribution along 1 and 14 chromosomes. In males there are two terminal chiasma peaks in chromosome 1 and one subtelomeric peak of chiasmata in chromosome 14. In females chiasma distributions are more even. According to genetic data, females produce more recombinants between loci of chromosome 1 than males do. By means of a computer simulation it was demonstrated that the differences in the average recombination frequency result from differences in chiasma distribution.
The most effective learning occurs during sensitive periods. Olfactory plasticity to main social olfactory cues is limited to a critical period to a large degree.

The objective was to evaluate the influence of early olfactory experience on the behavioral and neuronal responses of males to con- and heterospecific odors of receptive females in two species, M. musculus (subspecies musculus, wagneri) and M. spicilegus, and thus to determine the potential role of epigenetic contribution in the formation of precopulatory isolation. Males were reciprocally cross-fostered shortly after the birth and were tested for response to con- and heterospecific urine odors of estrus females using two-choice tests at 70-85 days of age. Neuronal activity of non- and cross-fostered males was evaluated at 90-110 days of age in the MOB and AOB to con- and heterospecific female odor using fMRI (MEMRI).

Non-cross-fostered males of three taxa demonstrated a strong preference for odor of conspecific females compared to odor of heterospecific ones. Spicilegus-nursed musculus preferred odor of heterospecific females. Wagneri-nursed spicilegus and spicilegus-nursed wagneri did not demonstrate significant choice of con - or heterospecific female odor. The level of MRI signal obtained from the evaluation of manganese accumulation in AOB neurons was significantly higher when the odor of conspecific estrus females was exposed, compared to urine exposure of heterospecific females. The response pattern changed to the opposite in males raised by heterospecific females. Response patterns of neuronal activity in the MOB to con- and heterospecific female odors were different in cross-fostered and control males. The maternal environment, including odor, had a greater effect on the level of MRI signal in the AOB than the genetic relationships of the recipient and the donor of the odor stimulus. Behavioral and neuronal responses to con- and heterospecific odors changed in closely related Mus taxa as a result of early experience. We demonstrated the importance of early learning in mate choice in adulthood in mice and the possibility of epigenetic contribution in the formation of precopulatory reproductive isolation.
This article considers method of describing the behaviour of hemodynamic parameters near vascular pathologies. We study the influence of arterial aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations on the vascular system.

The proposed method involves using generalized model of Van der Pol-Duffing to find out the characteristic behaviour of blood flow parameters. These parameters are blood velocity and pressure in the vessel. The velocity and pressure are obtained during the neurosurgery measurements. It is noted that substituting velocity on the right side of the equation gives good pressure approximation. Thus, the model reproduces clinical data well enough. In regard to the right side of the equation, it means external impact on the system. The harmonic functions with various frequencies and amplitudes are substituted on the right side of the equation to investigate its properties. Besides, variation of the right side parameters provides additional information about pressure. Non-linear analogue of Nyquist diagrams is used to find out how the properties of solution depend on the parameter values.

We have analysed 60 cases with aneurysms and 14 cases with arteriovenous malformations. It is shown that the diagrams are divided into classes. Also, the classes are replaced by another one in the definite order with increasing of the right side amplitude.
Recent direct registration of gravitational waves by LIGO and astronomical observations of the universe at redshifts 5-10 demonstrate that the standard astrophysics and cosmology are in tension with the data. The origin of the source of the GW150914 event, which presumably is a binary of coalescing black holes with masses about 30 solar masses, each with zero spin, as well as the densely populated universe at z= 5-10 by superheavy black holes, blight galaxies, supernovae, and dust does not fit the standard astrophysical picture.

It is shown here that the model of primordial black hole (PBH) formation, suggested in 1993, nicely explains all these and more puzzles, including those in contemporary universe, such as MACHOs and the mass spectrum of the observed solar mass black holes.

The mass spectrum and density of PBH is predicted. The scenario may possibly lead to abundant antimatter in the universe and even in the Galaxy.
Проведены учёты напочвенных жужелиц и пауков на четырёх участках лесостепи на юго-востоке Новосибирской области: эродированной 16-летней залежи, нераспаханном луговом склоне и двух участках поймы малой реки, являющихся аккумулятивными позициями катен к первым двум участкам.

Сообщества аккумулятивных ландшафтов включают в основном жужелиц-зоофагов и пауков, преимущественно принадлежащих к семейству Linyphiidae.На транзитных участках разнообразие хищных жужелиц и подстилочных пауков снижается, но возрастает число видов жужелиц-миксофитофагов и наземных пауков.

Видовые комплексы эродированного участка включают больше видов с субаридным типом ареала.На эродированном участке численность и биомасса жужелиц-фитофагов родов Amara и Harpalus значительно выше.Уловистость пауков и жужелиц-мик
The three Drosophila EcR isoforms differ only at their N termini; thus, they share the conserved ligand-binding domain transcriptional activation function (AF2) and only differ in the unconserved A/B region, which contains a second, isoform-specific, activation function (AF1).

We have developed a dominant-negative mutant EcR (EcR-DN), expressed it in flies with the GAL4/UAS system, and used it to block ecdysone signaling in eight tissues or groups of tissues. Localized EcR-DN arrests ecdysone-dependent development in the target cells and often--because of a molting checkpoint--arrests development globally. Simultaneously expressing individual wild-type EcR isoforms in the same target tissues suppresses the EcR-DN phenotype and identifies the rescuing isoform as sufficient to support the development of the target.

Every isoform, and even an N-terminal truncated EcR that lacks any AF1, supports development in the fat body, eye discs, salivary glands, EH-secreting neurosecretory cells and in the dpp expression domain, implying that AF1 is dispensable in these tissues. By contrast, only EcR-A is able to support development in the margins of the wing discs, and only EcR-B2 can do so in the larval epidermis and the border cells of the developing egg chamber. In light of our results, the simplest explanations for the widespread spatial and temporal variations in EcR isoform titers appear untenable.
The main task of the article was to identify the dynamics of changing social characteristics of graduate students from research institutes of Novosibirsk Academgorodok.

For the comparative analysis we used the data of polls conducted in 2005 and 2018. We compared such variables as the reasons for admission to graduate school, assessments of the current state of the main elements of scientific activity, the expectations of graduate students about their future profession, primarily a scientific career, criteria and factors of its success. Based on these results we planned to identify the main trends inherent in graduate studies as the main method of training personnel for Russian science.

It is concluded that at present the system of training highly qualified scientific personnel in the country is in an unstable state. As a result, there is an active discussion in the professional community about ways of further reforming graduate school.
Experimental research on behavior of rolled tungsten plates under intense transient heat loads generated by a powerful (a total power of up to 7 MW) long-pulse (0.1–0.3 ms) electron beam with full irradiation area of 2 cm2 was carried out. Imaging of the sample by the fast CCD cameras in the NIR range and with illumination by the 532 nm continuous-wave laser was applied for in-situ surface diagnostics during exposure. In these experiments tungsten plates were exposed to heat loads 0.5–1 MJ/m2 with a heat flux factor (Fhf) close to and above the melting threshold of tungsten at initial room temperature. Crack formation and crack propagation under the surface layer were observed during multiple exposures. Overheated areas with excessive temperature over surrounding surface of about 500 K were found on severely damaged samples more than 5 ms after beam ending. The application of laser illumination enables to detect areas of intense tungsten melting near crack edges and crack intersections.
The quality of the recent GlueX $J/\psi $ photoproduction data from Hall~D at Jefferson Laboratory, and the proximity of the data to the energy threshold, gives access to a variety of interesting physics aspects. As an example, an estimation of the $J/\psi$-nucleon scattering length $\alpha_{J/\psi p}$ is provided within the vector meson dominance model. It results in $|\alpha_{J/\psi p}| = (3.08\pm 0.55 ({\rm stat.}) \pm 0.45 ({\rm syst.}))$~mfm.
IgG abzymes (Abzs) with different catalytic activities are a distinctive feature of various autoimmune (AI) diseases. At the same time, data concerning IgMs with catalytic activities are very limited.

Electrophoretically and immunologically homogeneous IgMs were isolated from the sera of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients by chromatography on several affinity sorbents. Several rigid criteria have been applied to show that the integrase (IN)-hydrolyzing activity is an intrinsic property of IgMs from HIV-infected patients but not from healthy donors. We present evidence showing that 22 of 24 (91.7%) IgMs purified from the sera of HIV-infected patients specifically hydrolyze only HIV IN but not many other tested proteins. Usually, proteolytic antibodies of AI patients are serine protease-like or metal dependent. Only 30% of IN-hydrolyzing IgMs were inhibited by specific inhibitors of serine proteases and 60% by inhibitors of metal-dependent proteases. Unusually, a significant reduction of the activity by specific inhibitors of acidic (in 20% of IgM preparations) and thiol proteases (in 100% of IgM preparations) was observed.

Although HIV infection leads to formation of antibodies to many viral and human antigens, possible biological roles for most of them are unknown. Since anti-IN IgG can efficiently hydrolyze IN, a positive role of Abzs in counteracting the infection cannot be excluded. In addition, detection of IN-hydrolyzing activity can be useful for diagnostic purposes and for assessment of the immune status in AIDS patients.
Alloploidization resulting from remote (interspecific or intergeneric) hybridization is one of the main factors in plant evolution, leading to the formation of new species. Triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack, 1889) is the first artificial species created by crossing wheat (Triticum spp.) and rye (Secale cereale Linnaeus, 1753) and has a great potential as a grain and forage crop. Remote hybridization is a stress factor that causes a rapid reorganization of the parental genomes in hybrid progeny ("genomic shock") and is accompanied by abnormalities in the chromosome set of hybrids. The formation of the hybrid genome and its subsequent stabilization are directly related to the normalization of meiosis and the correct chromosome segregation. The aim of this work was to cytogenetically characterize triticale (× Triticosecale rimpaui Wittmack, 1899, AABBDDRR) obtained by crossing Triticum aestivum Linnaeus, 1753. Triple Dirk D × Secale cereale L. Korotkostebel'naya 69 in F3-F6 generations of hybrids, and to trace the process of genetic stabilization of hybrid genomes. Also, a comparative analysis of the nucleotide sequences of the centromeric histone CENH3 genes was performed in wheat-rye allopolyploids of various ploidy as well as their parental forms. In the hybrid genomes of octoploid triticale an increased expression of the rye CENH3 variants was detected. The octoploid triticale plants contain complete chromosome sets of the parental subgenomes maintaining the chromosome balance and meiotic stability. For three generations the percentage of aneuploids in the progeny of such plants has been gradually decreasing, and they maintain a complete set of the paternal rye chromosomes. However, the emergence of hexaploid and new aneuploid plants in F5 and F6 generations indicates that stabilization of the hybrid genome is not complete yet. This conclusion was confirmed by the analysis of morphological features in hybrid plants: the progeny of one plant having the whole chromosome sets of parental subgenomes showed significant morphological variations in awn length and spike density. Thus, we expect that the results of our karyotyping of octoploid triticales obtained by crossing hexaploid wheat to diploid rye supplemented by comparative analysis of CENH3 sequences will be applicable to targeted breeding of stable octo- and hexaploid hybrids.