Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Interpretation of Doppler-Shift spectroscopy measurement of neutral beams species content requires an assumption about distribution of populations of thin structure of excited state (hydrogen n=3).

In the paper several effects caused mixing of sublevel population are discussed and correction factors for different models of thin structure population are calculated.

Such mixing can lead to tens percent uncertainty of results of measurements of beam species content. A possible way for experimental verification of sublevel population mixing is proposed.
Halide octahedral molybdenum clusters [{Mo6X8}L6]n– possess luminescence properties that are highly promising for biological applications. These properties are rather dependent on the nature of both the inner ligands X (i.e. Cl, Br, or I) and the apical organic or inorganic ligands L. Herein, the luminescence properties and the toxicity of thiol-modified polystyrene microbeads (PS-SH) doped with [{Mo6X8}(NO3)6]2– (X = Cl, Br, I) were studied and evaluated using human epidermoid larynx carcinoma (Hep2) cell cultures. According to our data, the photoluminescence quantum yield of {Mo6I8}@PS-SH is significantly higher (0.04) than that of {Mo6Cl8}@PS-SH (<0.005) and {Mo6Br8}@PS-SH (<0.005). Treatment of Hep2 cells with {Mo6X8}@PS-SH showed that all three types of doped microbeads had no significant effect on the viability and proliferation of the cells. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new stage in the paleogenetic study of the Odino culture populations includes the analysis of a series of paleoanthropological samples from four Odino burial grounds: Sopka-2/4a, Ust-Tartas-2, Tartas-1, and Preobrazhenka-6. The total number of the expanded Odino series includes more than 200 paleoanthropological samples (individuals). The research plan includes a significant increase in the number of mtDNA samples (up to ~150 samples) and obtaining data on the male genetic variability of the Odino population (~50 samples of the Y chromosome). In this paper, we present the results of the analysis of an extended mtDNA sample series from the Sopka-2/4a burial ground. The study covers paleoanthropological samples from 88 individuals. The structure of mtDNA lineages and their phylogenetic position were defined for 60 individuals (~68 % of the initial sample). Twenty mtDNA haplotypes were identified among the studied samples. The Odino population is characterized by a mixed composition of the mtDNA gene pool, represented by the East Eurasian (A8, A10, C, D, Z) and West Eurasian (U2e, U4. K, HV6, I) haplogroups. New data confirmed the previously obtained preliminary inferences about the dominance of the East Eurasian components in the gene pool and the high role of autochthonous components marking genetic continuity with the previous population groups in the region (A10, D, Z, U2e haplogroups) in the process of formation of the Odino population. At the same time, new components associated with the influx of a genetically contrasting population (K, HV6 haplogroups) into the Baraba forest-steppe were identified in the extended mtDNA series. Obviously, the interaction of autochthonous and migration-related genetic components, most likely, was the mechanism for the formation of genetic features of the Odino population. New genetic data are discussed here in the context of current data on directions of external cultural relations of the Odino population from the Baraba forest-steppe.
For ergodic Z d and R d -actions

we obtain a pointwise lower bound for the supremum of ergodic averages. For Z d -actions in the case when the supremum is taken over multi-indices exceeding ⃗ n located in a certain sector

the resulting inequality is not improvable over ⃗ n in the class of all averaging integrable functions.
Many mammals are well adapted to surviving in extremely cold environments. These species have likely accumulated genetic changes that help them efficiently cope with low temperatures. It is not known whether the same genes related to cold adaptation in one species would be under selection in another species.

The aims of this study therefore were: to create a compendium of mammalian genes related to adaptations to a low temperature environment; to identify genes related to cold tolerance that have been subjected to independent positive selection in several species; to determine promising candidate genes/pathways/organs for further empirical research on cold adaptation in mammals. After a search for publications containing keywords: 'whole genome', 'transcriptome or exome sequencing data', and 'genome-wide genotyping array data' authors looked for information related to genetic signatures ascribable to positive selection in Arctic or Antarctic mammalian species. Publications related to Human, Arctic fox, Yakut horse, Mammoth, Polar bear, and Minke whale were chosen. The compendium of genes that potentially underwent positive selection in >1 of these six species consisted of 416 genes. Twelve of them showed traces of positive selection in three species. Gene ontology term enrichment analysis of 416 genes from the compendium has revealed 13 terms relevant to the scope of this study.

We found that enriched terms were relevant to three major groups: terms associated with collagen proteins and the extracellular matrix; terms associated with the anatomy and physiology of cilium; terms associated with docking. We further revealed that genes from compendium were over-represented in the lists of genes expressed in the lung and liver. A compendium combining mammalian genes involved in adaptation to cold environment was designed, based on the intersection of positively selected genes from six Arctic and Antarctic species. The compendium contained 416 genes that have been positively selected in at least two species. However, we did not reveal any positively selected genes that would be related to cold adaptation in all species from our list. But, our work points to several strong candidate genes involved in mechanisms and biochemical pathways related to cold adaptation response in different species.
We discuss various experiments on e+e− annihilation into hadrons relevant to the problem of the muon anomalous magnetic moment.

They include a status of the ISR measurements of the e+e− → π+π− as well as studies of numerous hadronic final states in experiments with the CMD-3 and SND detectors at the VEPP-2000 e+e− collider.
Spatial wave modes of a viscous liquid film freely flowing down a vertical wall are considered. In the case of small Reynolds numbers the problem is reduced to considering solutions of a nonlinear equation for the film thickness deviation from the undisturbed level. It was used to obtain a model system of equations, describing spatially periodic solutions with wave numbers lying in the vicinity of special resonance points and symmetric in the transverse coordinate. Several solutions for this system are provided.
Mathematical problems of solving direct and inverse problems of mechanics of composite structures are formulated. The problems of strength calculation and optimal design of composite overwrapped pressure vessels are investigated.

The solutions of the optimization problem have been recieved and verified by solving the direct problems with obtained design parameters using the classical and improved shell theories.

Numerical solutions were obtained using the spline collocation and discrete optimization methods.
Coherent vortex structures are fascinating physical objects that are widespread in nature: from large scale atmospheric phenomena, such as tornadoes and the Great Red Spot of Jupiter to microscopic size topological defects in quantum physics and optics. Unlike classical vortex dynamics in fluids, optical vortices feature new interesting properties.

For instance, novel discrete optical vortices can be generated in photonic lattices, leading to new physics. In nonlinear optical media, vortices can be treated as solitons with nontrivial characteristics currently studied under the emerging field of topological photonics. Parallel to theoretical advances, new areas of the engineering applications based on light vortices have emerged.

Examples include the possibility of carrying information coded in the vortex orbital angular momentum, understood as a spatial-division-multiplexing scheme, to the creation of optical tweezers for efficient manipulation of small objects. This report presents an overview highlighting some of the recent advances in the field of optical vortices with special attention on discrete vortex systems and related numerical methods for modeling propagation in multi-core fibers.
Boron carbide has been proposed for the neutron protection of equipment in the ITER diagnostic ports and for reducing the dose to maintenance personnel. The chemical composition, vacuum, and thermal properties of ceramics of boron carbide were studied. It is demonstrated that the outgassing rate of ceramics meets the requirements of the ITER Vacuum Handbook. Calculation of the total gas emission from the ITER equatorial port #11 is carried out. The contact thermal conductivity at the boundary between ceramics and bronze is measured. Manganese content is determined by the method of activation analysis in ceramics. It is shown that sintered and hot-pressed boron carbide ceramics can be used in the ITER diagnostic ports.
Thermocapillary breakdown of thin (0.3–0.7 mm) horizontal layers of liquid (ethanol) when heated from a localized hot spot was investigated experimentally.

Visualization and control of the liquid layer were carried out using schlieren and shadowgraphy techniques. Main steps of the breakdown process were determined and average velocity of the dry spot formation was measured.

Significant influence of the substrate properties on breakdown dynamics has been found. It was shown that one of the main factors affecting the dynamics of layer breakdown and the formation of dry spots in the heating area besides the thermocapillary effect is evaporation.
We present a 3-D model of P and S velocities beneath El Hierro Island, constructed using the traveltime data of more than 13 000 local earthquakes recorded by the Instituto Geográfico Nacional (IGN, Spain) in the period from 2011 July to 2012 September. The velocity models were performed using the LOTOS code for iterative passive source tomography. The results of inversion were thoroughly verified using different resolution and robustness tests. The results reveal that the majority of the onshore area of El Hierro is associated with a high-velocity anomaly observed down to 10–12-km depth. This anomaly is interpreted as the accumulation of solid igneous rocks erupted during the last 1 Myr and intrusive magmatic bodies. Below this high-velocity pattern, we observe a low-velocity anomaly, interpreted as a batch of magma coming from the mantle located beneath El Hierro. The boundary between the low- and high-velocity anomalies is marked by a prominent seismicity cluster, thought to represent anomalous stresses due to the interaction of the batch of magma with crust material. The areas of recent eruptions, Orchilla and La Restinga, are associated with low-velocity anomalies surrounding the main high-velocity block. These eruptions took place around the island where the crust is much weaker than the onshore area and where the melted material cannot penetrate.
Paracetamol (p-hydroxyacetanilide, Pbca), acetotoluidine (p-methylacetanilide, P21/c) and methacetin (p-methoxyacetanilide, Pbca) contain acetamide group included in molecular fragments, which play an important role in many drugs and proteins. As all of them are derivatives of acetanilide used in medicine, and due to the presence of the amide bond, their charge density analysis is important for better understanding amide infinite peptide chains. Thus, comparing the data obtained for paracetamol with acetotoluidine and with methacetin charge density data can provide deeper insight into NH···O bonding. Another point of interest is the possibility of methyl group rotation that remains to be ambiguous in these acetanilide molecule based compounds. In the present study we have attempted to elucidate these problems using precise X-ray diffraction at 100K with subsequent charge density topological analysis. All charge density refinements were based on the Hansen and Coppens multipolar atom model. The topologies of the inter- and intramolecular interactions are carefully analyzed for compounds. The atomic charges, bond orders, and the electrostatic energy in molecules are discussed. The topological characteristics in the critical point of the NH···O bond of paracetamol, acetotoluidine and methacetin are shown in the table below. In contrast to similarity in NH···O bonds for all studied compounds, intermolecular interactions between the double bonded oxygen atom and the hydrogen of dimer's methyl group are different. In acetotoluidine and methacetin the (3, –1) critical points with the same topological characteristics were detected between these atoms. In comparison to them, paracetamol with disordered methyl group [1, 2] has no such point. That can be related to the absence of the methyl group disorder in acetotoluidine and methacetin.
Broadband wavelength tuneability can ensure a new level of versatility for laser systems and extend areas of their applications. Principle limitations of achieving wide tuning wavelength ranges are generally defined by the spectral bandwidth of the gain and traditional tuneability techniques, relying on electrically controlled or bulk filters, reducing laser efficiency and generation stability. In this work, we present nearly 90 nm tuneability in ultrafast Tm-doped fibre laser within the span from 1873 to 1962 nm by implementing variable feedback for efficient control of the excitation level of the active medium and, hence, the gain spectrum. The highest laser efficiency is observed with 20% feedback, while 25% feedback enabled achieving the highest output energy of 1 nJ in 600-fs soliton pulses at 1877 nm central wavelength. By combining the nonlinear Schrödinger equation and population inversion rate equations for the gain medium, the developed numerical model helps to unveil nonlinear pulse evolution under the influence of dynamically varying gain spectrum. The resulting laser system presents a compact and straightforward approach to achieve laser generation with a broad range tuneability of wavelength and operation regimes, which is not impaired by the limitations on laser stability or power performance and can be translated to other wavelength ranges.
The aim: To determine gender differences in the dynamics of attitudes towards the cardiovascular prevention in an open population of 25-64 years over a long-term period - 29 years in Russia / Siberia (Novosibirsk).

Methods: Within the framework of the screening in 1988-89 under the WHO MONICA-psychosocial (MOPSY) program (n=1676, 49.5% males, mean age 44.1±0.4 years), MOPSY screening in 1994-95 (n=1527, 43% males, mean age 44.85 ± 0.4 years), in 2003-2005 under the international project HAPIEE (n=1650, 34,9% males, mean age 54,25±0,2 years), in 2013-2016 (n=975, 43,8% males, mean age 34,5±0,4 years) and 2016-2017 гг.( n=663, 41,3% years 51,95±0,32 years) within the framework of the budgetary theme No. АААА-А17-117112850280-2, random representative samples of men and women in one of districts in Novosibirsk were examined. Attitude towards preventive methods and health care utilization were assessed using the questionnaire 'Knowledge and attitude towards own's health'.

Results: About 100% male and female population aged of 25-64 years considered it probable 'to develop a serious illness within the next 5-10 years' in 1988. This proportion has not changed significantly by 2017. In 1988, men more often than women certainly believed that they would avoid serious illness if they took action on their own health. In subsequent years of observation these sex differences in responses were erased. Belief in the power of medicine to prevent all or most of the heart disease was present among young men in 2013 and 2017. In comparison with them, women are more balanced about the preventive possibilities of medicine. Despite the fact that 100% of men and women in the open population 25-64 years find 'preventive health screening' useful, only 6.8% of males and 3% of females were regularly checked by a doctor in 1988. In 2016-2017, the frequency of regular health checks exceeded the 10% in middle-aged groups. An equal proportion of men and women - 67% sought medical help only in case of chest pain, and 11-12% would not go to a doctor even with intense pain; by 2017, their share had decreased to 6.5%. Conclusions: Among those who consider it likely to have a serious illness, only one of ten is regularly checked by a doctor. At the same time, men are more likely than women to shift responsibility for their health to the preventive capabilities of medicine.
The review presents the progress in the analysis of low-temperature heat capacity of the metal-organic framework Zn2(C8H4O4)2.C6H12N2 (Zn-DMOF). In Zn-DMOF, left-twisted D3(S) and right-twisted D3(R) DABCO molecules (C6H12N2) can transform into each other by tunneling to form a racemate. Termination of tunneling leads to a phase transition in the subsystem of twisted molecules. It is suggested that Zn-DMOF may be considered a model system to study the mechanisms of phase transitions belonging to the same type as hypothetical Salam phase transitions.
The energy structure and the value of the electrooptic effect in heteroepitaxial structures (HES) with multiple InGaAlAs / InAlAs quantum wells have been studied. The interferometric method has been developed to determine small changes in the refractive index under transverse transmission of light through a layered structure. The length of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer for the modulator at HES with multiple InGaAlAs / InAlAs quantum wells has been chosen.
Trabajo presentado a la 3rd International Conference Terahertz and Microwave Radiation: Generation, Detection and Applications (TERA 2018), celebrada en Rusia del 22 al 25 de octubre de 2018
Intellectual disability (ID) is an important medical and social problem that can be caused by different genetic and environmental factors. One such factor could be rDNA amplification and changes in rRNA expression and maturation.

The aim of the present study was to investigate rRNA levels in patients with heteromorphism of the p-arms of acrocentric chromosomes bearing nucleolus organizer regions compared to a healthy control group. Frequencies of p-arms enlargements in patients with ID and in healthy people were analyzed by G-banding screening. rRNA gene copy numbers on affected acrocentric chromosomes in peripheral blood lymphocytes were evaluated in ID patients and healthy bearers using FISH, and in immortalized lymphocytes of one patient – using FISH and real time PCR. Simultaneously, levels of 18S, 28S and 5,8S rRNA in both groups by means of qRT-PCR were investigated.

No difference in acrocentric chromosome heteromorphism frequency in patients versus the healthy group were found. However, we found an amplification of rDNA, a significant elevation in 28S and 5.8S rRNA expression and changes in the 28S/18S rRNA ratio in ID patients compared to healthy controls. At the same time, FISH appeared to be not reliable enough for copy number evaluation, but RT-PCR showed rDNA copy changes in heteromorphic cells compared to normal. Our findings indicate a loss of the correct regulation of rDNA activity and processing after amplification. This could disturb the ribosomal apparatus and thus lead to intellectual disability via at least two mechanisms.
Polymorphism in molecular crystals is a remarkable property of Nature to create a wide range of various combinations of limited amount of components. Studies of the polymorphic crystals upon different types of external influence could be very useful in terms of analysis of molecular packing, nature and dynamics of the intermolecular interactions. When applied to pharmaceuticals, crystal structure may noticeably affect on stability, solubility, bioavailability, etc. which are essential for drug development. Sulfonyl urea derivatives represent a great example of compounds which are potentially inclined to conformational polymorphism. In particular generation drug chlorpropamide could be crystallized in a five different polymorphs. Chlorpropamide molecule is highly flexible in the crystal structure whereby we obtain various types of molecular conformations and their relative arrangements within the main structural forming motif – directed hydrogen bonded chains. Although polymorphic properties of chlorpropamide have been well-known for a decade there are still a lot of open questions regarding relative stability and crystallization conditions of the polymorphs as well as their behavior under extreme conditions such as cryogenic temperatures, hydrostatic pressure and mechanical stress.

In order to follow dynamics of molecular fragments and to observe possible phase transitions on cooling and compression polarized Raman spectroscopy was used. Low temperature spectra were recorded in a wide temperature (5-300 K) range. The effect of hydrostatic pressure was studied using diamond anvil cell up to 5 – 5.5 GPa. Nanoindentation was applied to five polymorphs of chlorpropamide to examine and compare their mechanical properties. Experimental results were also supported by quantum-mechanical calculations.

The research was supported by a grant for Russia-Slovenia collaboration BI-RU-12-13-038, a grant from RFBR and the Integration project 108 of the SB RAS.
The process $\gamma \gamma \to \phi \jpsi$ is measured for $\phi \jpsi$ masses between threshold and 5 GeV/${\it c}^2$, using a data sample of 825 fb$^{-1}$ collected with the Belle detector. A narrow peak of $8.8^{+4.2}_{-3.2}$ events, with a significance of 3.2 standard deviations including systematic uncertainty, is observed. The mass and natural width of the structure (named X(4350)) are measured to be $(4350.6^{+4.6}_{-5.1}(\rm{stat})\pm 0.7(\rm{syst})) \hbox{MeV}/{\it c}^2$ and $(13^{+18}_{-9}(\rm{stat})\pm 4(\rm{syst})) \hbox{MeV}$, respectively. The product of its two-photon decay width and branching fraction to $\phi\jpsi$ is $(6.7^{+3.2}_{-2.4}(\rm{stat}) \pm 1.1(\rm{syst})) \hbox{eV}$ for $J^P=0^+$, or $(1.5^{+0.7}_{-0.6}(\rm{stat}) \pm 0.3(\rm{syst})) \hbox{eV}$ for $J^P=2^+$. No signal for the $Y(4140)\to \phi \jpsi$ structure reported by the CDF Collaboration in $B\to K^+ \phi \jpsi$ decays is observed, and limits of $\Gamma_{\gamma \gamma}(Y(4140)) \BR(Y(4140)\to\phi \jpsi)<41 \hbox{eV}$ for $J^P=0^+$ or $<6.0 \hbox{eV}$ for $J^P=2^+$ are determined at the 90% C.L. This disfavors the scenario in which the Y(4140) is a $D_{s}^{\ast+} {D}_{s}^{\ast-}$ molecule.
This article is devoted to the study of the Boolean-valued universe as an algebraic system. We start with the logical backgrounds of the notion and present the formalism of extending the syntax of Boolean truth values by the use of definable symbols, internal classes, outer terms and external Boolean-valued classes. Next, we enrich the collection of Boolean-valued research tools with the technique of partial elements and the corresponding joins, mixings and ascents. Passing on to the set-theoretic signature, we prove that bounded formulas are absolute for transitive Boolean-valued subsystems. We also introduce and study intensional, predicative, cyclic and regular Boolean-valued systems, examine the maximum principle, and analyze its relationship with the ascent and mixing principles. The main applications relate to the universe over an arbitrary extensional Boolean-valued system. A close interrelation is established between such a universe and the intensional hierarchy. We prove the existence and uniqueness of the Boolean-valued universe up to a unique isomorphism and show that the conditions in the corresponding axiomatic characterization are logically independent. We also describe the structure of the universe by means of several cumulative hierarchies. Another application, based on the quantifier hierarchy of formulas, improves the transfer principle for the canonical embedding in the Boolean-valued universe.