Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
The three-wave migration hypothesis of Greenberg et al . has permeated the genetic literature on the peopling of the Americas. Greenberg et al . proposed that Na-Dene, Aleut-Eskimo and Amerind are language phyla which represent separate migrations from Asia to the Americas. We show that a unique allele at autosomal microsatellite locus D9S1120 is present in all sampled North and South American populations, including the Na-Dene and Aleut-Eskimo, and in related Western Beringian groups, at an average frequency of 31.7%. This allele was not observed in any sampled putative Asian source populations or in other worldwide populations. Neither selection nor admixture explains the distribution of this regionally specific marker. The simplest explanation for the ubiquity of this allele across the Americas is that the same founding population contributed a large fraction of ancestry to all modern Native American populations.
We demonstrate the possibility of measuring the forbidden 1S-2S transition frequency (121 nm) of hydrogen atom by the method of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS)

when atom from the 1S level moves to the 2S level through the intermediate 3P level. The frequency of the pumping field (103 nm) is close to the frequency of transition 3P-1S, and the frequency of the stimulated scattering (656 nm) - to the frequency of transition 3P-2S.
Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange (SABRE) is a new and rapidly developing hyperpolarization technique. The recent discovery of Spin-Lock Induced Crossing SABRE (SLIC-SABRE) showed that high field hyperpolarization transfer techniques developed so far were optimized for singlet spin order that does not coincide with the experimentally produced spin state.

Here, we investigated the SLIC-SABRE approach and the most advanced quantitative theoretical SABRE model to date. Our goal is to achieve the highest possible polarization with SLIC-SABRE at high field using the standard SABRE system, IrIMes catalyst with pyridine. We demonstrated the accuracy of the SABRE model describing the effects of various physical parameters such as the amplitude and frequency of the radio frequency field, and the effects of chemical parameters such as the exchange rate constants. By fitting the model to the experimental data, the effective life time of the SABRE complex was estimated, as well as the entropy and enthalpy of the complex-dissociation reaction.

We show, for the first time, that this SLIC-SABRE model can be useful for the evaluation of the chemical exchange parameters that are very important for the production of highly polarized contrast agents via SABRE.
The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is a classic research object in genetics and systems biology. In the genetic analysis of flies, a routine task is to determine the offspring size and gender ratio in their populations. Currently, these estimates are made manually, which is a very time-consuming process. The counting and gender determination of flies can be automated by using image analysis with deep learning neural networks on mobile devices. We proposed an algorithm based on the YOLOv4-tiny network to identify Drosophila flies and determine their gender based on the protocol of taking pictures of insects on a white sheet of paper with a cell phone camera. Three strategies with different types of augmentation were used to train the network. The best performance (F1 = 0.838) was achieved using synthetic images with mosaic generation. Females gender determination is worse than that one of males. Among the factors that most strongly influencing the accuracy of fly gender recognition, the fly’s position on the paper was the most important. Increased light intensity and higher quality of the device cameras have a positive effect on the recognition accuracy. We implement our method in the FlyCounter Android app for mobile devices, which performs all the image processing steps using the device processors only. The time that the YOLOv4-tiny algorithm takes to process one image is less than 4 s.
The ancestral region of this species are non-moral forests of Kazakhstan.

In this study we report the endemic Altai species, Eisenia tracta, for the first time.

The species lives in the key habitats of rare and protected species in the region: waterlogged tall grass forests located on slopes or in gullies, is rare and needs protection.
a recently proposed layout of a flexible Figure-8 laser having two independently pumped segments of active fibre in its bidirectional ring

We apply predictive regression to find optimum operating regimes
In dividing cells, expression of mutations is DNA strand symmetric. Of all mutations originating de novo in nondividing cells, only those in the transcribed (noncoding) strand are immediately expressed in mRNA and protein. In contrast, any new mutation in the nontranscribed (coding) strand remains unexpressed until the cells enter S phase and begin proliferation. This previously unrecognized difference enables us to examine the cell cycle-dependent origin of multiple tumorigenic mutations in stem cells. The human p53 gene, which acts as a gatekeeper in the control of G1 to S phase transition, was chosen for the analysis. Of all multiple mutations contained in p53 databases, we have tested in detail CpG transitions. Three features of CpG sites dictate this choice: C --> T transitions at methylated mCpG are the direct product of mC deamination and are replication-independent; it is easy to identify the strand bearing a primary mC --> T event because C --> T on the transcribed strand appears as G --> A on the nontranscribed strand; and CpG transitions are the most frequent (as both singular and multiple occurrences) tumor-related p53 mutations. The origin of double nonsilent CpG transitions in nondividing cells predicts a significant excess of the heterostrand (C --> T, G --> A) doublets over the homostrand (C --> T, C --> T and G --> A, G --> A) doublets. For p53, we found such an excess. Based on this result, along with the results of three other tests reported here, we conclude that the majority of multiple p53 mutations from human tumors occurred in quiescent stem cells.
Charge symmetry breaking (CSB) observables are a suitable experimental tool to examine effects induced by quark masses on the nuclear level. Previous high precision data from TRIUMF and IUCF are currently used to develop a consistent description of CSB within the framework of chiral perturbation theory.

In this work the experimental studies on the reaction dd→He4π0 have been extended towards higher excess energies in order to provide information on the contribution of p-waves in the final state. For this, an exclusive measurement has been carried out at a beam momentum of pd=1.2GeV/c using the WASA-at-COSY facility.

The total cross section amounts to σtot=(118±18stat±13sys±8ext)pb and first data on the differential cross section are consistent with s-wave pion production.
We report on a search for eleven lepton-number violating processes B+→X−ℓ+ℓ'+ with X−=K−, π−, ρ−, K*−, or D− and ℓ+/ℓ'+=e+ or μ+, using a sample of 471±3 million B¯B events collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II e+e− collider at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. We find no evidence for any of these modes and place 90% confidence level upper limits on their branching fractions in the range (1.5–26)×10−7.Received 5 November 2013DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.89.011102© 2014 American Physical Society
The article is devoted to the analysis of deportation practices in the USSR during the period of the Great Terror.

A study of the departmental paper work of the NKVD and the materials of extrajudicial instances leads to the conclusion that during these years such kind of punishment as deportation from the country was widely used against foreigners. Deportations were implemented in two formats: through directives of the authorities and through out-of-court system.

Some deportations of 1937-1938 represented independent repressive campaigns that coincided with the so-called "national" operations, others became their integral part. Deportations from the USSR as a type of punishment were used in the course of implementation of several "national" operations conducted by the NKVD of the USSR. The largest numbers of those deported out of the country gave the "Iranian", "German" and "Harbin" operations. In 1937-1938, the most massive evictions took place among Iranian and Chinese nationals. As many as 346 713 people became the victims of the "national" operations of the NKVD, of whom 9 212 foreigners were accused of espionage and expelled from the country.
The article is devoted to the study of the influence of the natural resources located in the regions of Russia on the level of socio-economic and innovative development.

At the first stage of the study, a cluster analysis was applied to the database of indicators of the level of extraction specialization in the regions of Russia. During the next stage of the study, hypotheses on the connection between socio-economic indicators and specialization of the region in extractive industries were tested via multifactor regressions.

Positive dependence of socio-economic variables on resource specialization variables with a high level of significance was revealed. However, most of Russia's resource regions have low level of innovative production, which can have a negative influence on country's economic growths.
The noncatalytic bromination of benzene is shown experimentally to require high 5-14 M concentrations of bromine to proceed at ambient temperatures to form predominantly bromobenzene, along with detectable (<2%) amounts of addition products such as tetra and hexabromocyclohexanes. The kinetic order in bromine at these high concentrations is 4.8 ± 0.06 at 298 K and 5.6 ± 0.11 at 273 K with a small measured inverse deuterium isotope effect using D6 -benzene of 0.97 ± 0.03 at 298 K. These results are rationalized using computed transition states models at the B3LYP+D3/6-311++G(2d,2p) level with an essential continuum solvent field for benzene applied. The model with the lowest predicted activation free energies agrees with the high experimental kinetic order in bromine and involves formation of an ionic, concerted, and asynchronous transition state with a Br8 cluster resembling the structure of the known Br9 (-). This cluster plays three roles; as a Br(+) donor, as a proton base, and as a stabilizing arm forming weak interactions with two adjacent benzene CH hydrogens, these aspects together combining to overcome the lack of reactivity of benzene induced by its aromaticity. The computed inverse kinetic isotope effect of 0.95 agrees with experiment, and arises because C-Br bond formation is essentially complete, whereas C-H cleavage has not yet commenced. The computed free energy barriers for the reaction with 4Br2 and 5Br2 for a standard state of 14.3 M in bromine are reasonable for an ambient temperature reaction, unlike previously reported theoretical models involving only one or two bromines.
The aim of our study was to perform an association analysis between MMP2 , MMP3 , MMP9 , VEGF gene polymorphisms and development of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (DR) in the type 2 diabetic patients (DM).

201 DM patients: 90 cases of DR and 111 subjects without DR features were included into the study. Polymorphic variants of MMP2 ( rs2438650 ), MMP3 ( rs3025058 ), MMP9 ( rs3918242 ), and VEGF ( rs699947 and rs3025039 ) genes were assayed. The genetic typing was carried out by restriction fragment length polymorphism and TaqMan methods. The analysis of complex genotypes at the five polymorphic positions has revealed some significant findings in positive and negatively incorporated complexes. Increased frequencies of MMP2-1306 CC genotype in the group of patients with “early” development of complication, and more frequent combination of high-level HbA1c with MMP2-1306CC and MMP9-1562CT genotypes were shown in DR patients. Computerassisted modelling with visual reconstruction of network interactions between the genotypes involved into the destruction events and angiogenesis, as well as altered HbA1с levels (an integral parameter of glycemia), has revealed some differences in structural and functional organization of gene-gene and gene- protein interactions between the groups of patients with DR versus those without this disorder.

Сonclusion. A design of interactome biological networks based on transcription regulation and metabolic pathways, as well as their topological analysis allows to build and study interactions of genes and proteins, with reference to pathogenetic studies of DM2 complications aiming for development of approaches to personalized prevention and therapy in future times.
This paper addresses a new real-world application of vehicle routing planning in a finite time horizon. A company in the small package shipping industry has a limited fleet of identical vehicles in some depots and must serve a set of clients. There is a frequency for each client stating how often this client must be visited. Time intervals between two consecutive visits must be the same but the visiting schedule is flexible. To get some competitive advantage, a company tries to increase the service quality. To this end, each client should be visited by one driver only.

We present an integer linear programming model for this new consistent vehicle routing problem. To find near optimal solutions, we design the Variable Neighborhood Search metaheuristic with nine neighborhood structures. The driver shift length constraints are penalized and included in the objective function.

Empirical results for real test instances from Orenburg region in Russia with up to 900 clients and four weeks in the planning horizon are discussed.
Chronic social defeat stress induces diverse effects in mice of different strains and even in animals of the same strain. This paper aims to study the effect of repeated social defeats and, for contrast, repeated aggression in daily agonistic interactions on the behaviors of CD-1 male mice. The behavior of animals that have the same winning and losing track record during 3, 10, 21 days is studied in different tests. The level of aggressiveness, as estimated by the number and total time of attacks, decreases; nevertheless, direct and indirect forms of aggression demonstrated by the aggressive mice (winners) remain significantly high. The number of stereotypic behaviors (rotations and jumps) and total time of digging behaviors are significantly increased in the winners after 21 days compared to 3 and 10 days of intermale confrontations. Among the losers, chronic experience of social defeats is accompanied by the development of pronounced anxiety and a depression-like state estimated by the elevated plus-maze and the Porsolt test scores, respectively. Both groups of male mice with alternative social behaviors demonstrate abnormal locomotor and exploratory behaviors in the open-field test. This phenomenon may be viewed as hyperactivity developed under chronic agonistic interactions and specific for the outbred CD-1 mice. We believe that these animals may be potentially used for modeling the key symptoms of bipolar disorder.
Mixed nanocrystalline Ce-Zr-O oxides (Ce/Zr = 1 or 7/3) were prepared by modified Pechini route using ethylene glycol solutions of metal salts. Detailed characterization of their real structure and surface properties by X-ray diffraction on synchrotron radiation with the full-profile Rietveld analysis, high resolution electron microscopy with elemental analysis, Raman spectroscopy, UV-Vis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed a high homogeneity of cations distribution in nanodomains resulting in stabilization of disordered cubic phase. This provides a high dispersion of NiO loaded on these mixed oxides by wet impregnation, a high reactivity and mobility of oxygen in these catalysts and strong interaction of Ni with support in the reduced state. This helps to achieve a high activity and coking stability of developed catalysts in CH 4 dry reforming in feeds with CH 4 concentration up to 15% and CH 4 /CO 2 ratio =1.
The brain was mapped on-line using fMRI technology in the process of the development of self-regulation skills.

We studied the dynamics of new neural networks being created in the real and simulated biofeedback models. It was shown that immersion in a virtual story brings about the large involvement of cortical areas, which are characterized by high values of voxels in the middle-temporal, occipital and frontal regions.

We discuss the qualitative characteristics of the real and the imitation game periods.
The study is focused on an American mathematician’s idiolect by analysis of the protagonist’s direct speech in the film A Beautiful Mind. The ideal scientist’s generalized image followed by the stylization of his idiolect contains the research capacity: this modelled language personality refers not only and not so much to its prototype, but to the stereotype of a mathematician’s idiolect circulated to American English speakers.

The study was done by the methodology based on counting the word frequency by using software TextSTAT and comparing the results with the word frequency in the Corpus of Contemporary American English to assess the degree of deviation of the mathematician’s stylized lexicon from an average American English native speaker’s lexicon objectively. The associative semantic analysis of the studied personality’s main metonymic characteristic expressed by the phrase “A Beautiful Mind” located the associative semantic fields of the concept MIND in the native English speakers’ mass consciousness and set the main directions to research the associative semantic fields of the American mathematician’s general lexicon as follows: “Cognition”, “Mental condition” and “Eccentricity”. The further research is focused on the scientist’s vocabulary which is directly related to his professional activity. The structuring the field “Professional communication” (terms, professional slang, jargonisms, nomenclature), studying the quantitative ratios of these vocabulary groups and their contextual links revealed the specific scientific interests, isolation in a team and deviant language behavior.

The analysis of the field “Cognition” indicated several nouns and verbs (work, time, number, to work, to win, to lose and others) as its semantic center. The research of their contextual links showed that the language personality’s main value is a dedicated cognitive process consisting in numerical solutions of problems to determine the causal relationships of reality. The solutions are not only thought, but imagined; feelings are also involved in the cognitive process. Multiplicity of solution makes choice important. The associative semantic fields structuring the mathematician’s lexicon are interrelated. There are lexical units (love, bicycle) that carry information in the intersections of the fields implicitly. Such lexical units form symbols which connect the series of heterogeneous concepts in the studied language personality’s mind.
The biological and clinical relevance of glycosylation is becoming increasingly recognized, leading to a growing interest in large-scale clinical and population-based studies. In the past few years, several methods for high-throughput analysis of glycans have been developed, but thorough validation and standardization of these methods is required before significant resources are invested in large-scale studies. In this study, we compared liquid chromatography, capillary gel electrophoresis, and two MS methods for quantitative profiling of N-glycosylation of IgG in the same data set of 1201 individuals. To evaluate the accuracy of the four methods we then performed analysis of association with genetic polymorphisms and age. Chromatographic methods with either fluorescent or MS-detection yielded slightly stronger associations than MS-only and multiplexed capillary gel electrophoresis, but at the expense of lower levels of throughput. Advantages and disadvantages of each method were identified, which should inform the selection of the most appropriate method in future studies.
Named origins and pioneers of the ethical-historical school of criminology, given their views on the quality of justice investigator from the psychological side: integrity, strong moral convictions, skill in complex conflict situations, to remain master of their feelings and aspirations, to remain faithful to the moral principles of intolerance to evil, the pursuit of justice, ethical behavior in relations with the suspect, accused, witness, excluding physical or mental violence.

The abovementioned application of the content of ethical-historical school of criminology, such as: the development and adoption of a code of ethics for CSI, the CSI oath, improvement or adoption of such codes for various categories of employees of law enforcement bodies and subjects of law enforcement; the implementation of the educational process on criminology interactive exploration of film documents on the history of the sections and fields of criminology, political processes, the Nuremberg trials, investigation and conviction of Nazi criminals and their accomplices, the investigation of disasters, terrorist attacks, the death of political and cultural figures, investigation of resonant crimes from different eras and in recent years, return to the detailed development and implementation in the training of lawyers clear criteria of admissibility of tactics; creation of self-regulating communities in state and law enforcement agencies that can be contacted in cases of corruption pressure.

Scientific results demonstrate an extremely low knowledge of the recent history of criminology and the Nuremberg trials by law school graduates. The results are new and have not been published before.
There are only 10 Euclidean forms, that is flat closed three-dimensional manifolds: six are orientable and four are non-orientable.

The aim of this paper is to describe all types of n-fold coverings over orientable Euclidean manifolds G2 and G4, and calculate the numbers of nonequivalent coverings of each type. We classify subgroups in the fundamental groups π1(G2) and π1(G4) up to isomorphism and calculate the numbers of conjugated classes of each type of subgroups for index n.

The manifolds G2 and G4 are uniquely determined among the others orientable forms by their homology groups H1(G2)=Z2×Z2×Z and H1(G4)=Z2×Z.
Recently a two-step process has been proposed for the double-pionic fusion to deuterium pn(I=0)→dπ+π−. Its calculation is solely based on total cross section data for the two sequential single-pion production steps pn(I=0)→ppπ− followed by pp→dπ+. Though this sequential process was aimed to explain the dibaryon resonance ⁎d⁎(2380) peak in double-pionic fusion, we demonstrate that this is not the case. It rather fits to a possible broad bump at 2.31 GeV in the energy dependence of the pn→dπ0π0 reaction, which was recently interpreted as a consequence of dibaryonic excitations in isoscalar single-pion production.