Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Brucellosis is a major zoonotic infection in Kazakhstan. However, there is limited data on its incidence in humans and animals, and the genetic diversity of prevalent strains is virtually unstudied. Additionally, there is no detailed overview of Kazakhstan brucellosis control and eradication programs.

Here, we analyzed brucellosis epidemiological data, and assessed the effectiveness of eradication strategies employed over the past 70 years to counteract this infection. We also conducted multiple loci variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) of Brucella abortus strains found in Kazakhstan. We analyzed official data on the incidence of animal brucellosis in Kazakhstan. The records span more than 70 years of anti-brucellosis campaigns, and contain a brief description of the applied control strategies, their effectiveness, and their impact on the incidence in humans. The MLVA-16 method was used to type 94 strains of B. abortus and serial passages of B. abortus 82, a strain used in vaccines.

MLVA-8 and MLVA-11 analyses clustered strains into a total of four and seven genotypes, respectively; it is the first time that four of these genotypes have been described. MLVA-16 analysis divided strains into 28 distinct genotypes having genetic similarity coefficient that varies from 60 to100% and a Hunter & Gaston diversity index of 0.871. MST analysis reconstruction revealed clustering into 'Kazakhstani-Chinese (Central Asian)', 'European' and 'American' lines. Detection of multiple genotypes in a single outbreak confirms that poorly controlled trade of livestock plays a crucial role in the spread of infection. Notably, the MLVA-16 profile of the B. abortus 82 strain was unique and did not change during 33 serial passages. MLVA genotyping may thus be useful for epidemiological monitoring of brucellosis, and for tracking the source(s) of infection. We suggest that countrywide application of MLVA genotyping would improve the control of brucellosis in Kazakhstan.
The possibilities of studying processes based on the geometric representation of their trajectories in a multidimensional space of factors and using projections of trajectories on planes suitable for analysis are discussed. A connection is established between such constructions and the spiral and snail of development. Based on the proposed projection, a development snail is defined as a special representation format of the purposeful process, expanding the possibilities of analysis of modelling results.
Small differences in the reactivity of weakly nucleophilic potassium aryltrifluoroborates are revealed in the silver-assisted Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling of K[4-RC6F4BF3] (R = H, Bu, MeO, EtO, PrO, iPrO, BuO, t-BuO, CH2=CHCH2O, PhCH2O, PhCH2CH2O, PhO, F, pyrazol-1-yl, pyrrol-1-yl, and indol-1-yl) with ArX (4-BrC6H4CH3, 4-IC6H4F and 3-IC6H4F).

An assumed role of silver(I) compounds Ag m Y (Y = O, NO3, SO4, BF4, F) consists in polarization of the Pd-X bond in neutral complex ArPdL n X with the generation of the related transition state or formation of [ArPdL n ][XAg m Y] with a highly electrophilic cation and subsequent transmetallation with the weakly nucleophilic borate. Efficiency of Ag m Y as a polarizing agent decreases in order Ag2O > AgNO3 ≈ Ag2SO4 > Ag[BF4] > AgF.

No clear correlation between the reactivity of K[4-RC6F4BF3] and substituent electron parameters, σI and σR°, of the aryl group 4-RC6F4 was found.
Here, to study the relationship between anxiety levels with changes in the neurometabolic profile in the hippocampus and amygdala, an experimental predator stress model was reproduced in which Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to cat urine for 10 minutes on a daily basis for 10 days.

At the time of presentation of the stimulus, an online survey of behavioral reactions was conducted. Fear, aggressiveness, avoidance of stimulus and grooming were recorded. Fourteen days after the completion of the last stress exposure, the total level of anxiety was determined in the test of the 'cross maze'. Using the method of in vivo NMR spectroscopy, the content of neurometabolites was determined in the hippocampus and in the amygdala. According to the peculiarities of behavioral reactions to a stressor, animals were retrospectively divided into two phenotypes.

The first phenotype used a passive behavioral strategy, and the second phenotype was active. In animals of the first phenotype, the indicators of anxiety behavior remained at the control level. In animals of the second phenotype, a decrease in anxiety was observed. Animals of the second phenotype showed elevated levels of lactate in the hippocampus compared to animals of the first phenotype, and the lowest N-acetylaspartate levels significantly differed from those in the control and the first phenotype animals. In the amygdala, in animals of the second phenotype, the content of taurine is sharply reduced in comparison with those in the control and the animals of the first phenotype. Thus, the results obtained indicate a relationship of post-stress changes in anxiety, with the peculiarities of the behavioral reactions presented at the moment of the immediate action of the stressor. Among the hippocampal and amygdala neurometabolites, the most informative for the characterization of the anxiolytic action of the predator stress are identified.
Recent results on studies of bottomonium and bottomonium-like states at Belle are reported. The results are obtained with a 121.4 fb−1 data sample collected with the Belle detector in the vicinity of the ϒ(5S) resonance at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e+e− collider.
The paper is focused on study of non-stationary piecewise-linear processes on Poisson point flows with independent identically distributed random variables at support points. An approach to calculate the correlation function of the process on the base of the total probability formula is considered. A general expression for the correlation function of a non-stationary process is obtained. Particular cases are considered. Using the method of direct simulation, it is shown numerically that the correlation function of the process has a point of inflection.
High-quality sequencing of the dog (Canis lupus familiaris) genome has enabled enormous progress in genetic mapping of canine phenotypic variation. The red fox (Vulpes vulpes), another canid species, also exhibits a wide range of variation in coat color, morphology, and behavior. Although the fox genome has not yet been sequenced, canine genomic resources have been used to construct a meiotic linkage map of the red fox genome and begin genetic mapping in foxes. However, a more detailed gene-specific comparative map between the dog and fox genomes is required to establish gene order within homologous regions of dog and fox chromosomes and to refine breakpoints between homologous chromosomes of the 2 species.

In the current study, we tested whether canine-derived gene–containing bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones can be routinely used to build a gene-specific map of the red fox genome. Forty canine BAC clones were mapped to the red fox genome by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The further possibility of using canine BAC clones to map genes in the American mink (Mustela vison) genome was also explored.

Each clone was uniquely assigned to a single fox chromosome, and the locations of 38 clones agreed with cytogenetic predictions. These results clearly demonstrate the utility of FISH mapping for construction of a whole-genome gene-specific map of the red fox. Much lower success was obtained for this more distantly related farm-bred species, although a few BAC clones were mapped to the predicted chromosomal locations.
Pd-rich pentlandite (PdPn) along with ore-forming pentlandite (Pn) occurs in the cubanite and chalcopyrite massive sulfide ores in the EM-7 well of the Southern-2 ore body of the Talnakh deposit. PdPn forms groups of small grains and comprises marginal areas in large crystals of Pn. The palladium content in PdPn reaches up to 11.26 wt.%.

EDS elemental mapping and a contour map of palladium concentrations indicate distinct variations in the palladium content within and between individual grains. Palladium distribution in the large grains is uneven and non-zoned. Deming regression calculations demonstrated the isomorphic substitution character of Ni by 0.71 Pd and 0.30 Fe (apfu), leading to PdPn occurrence.

PdPn was formed as the result of a superimposed process, which is not associated with either the sulfide liquid crystallization or the subsolidus transformations of sulfides. The replacement of Ni by Fe may also indicate a change in sulfur fugacity, compared to that taking place during the crystallization of the primary Pn. The transformation of Pn into PdPn could have occurred under the influence of a Pd-bearing fluid, which separated from the crystallizing body of the massive sulfide ores.
Polysulfide electrodes have an unusual operation mechanism featuring anionic redox processes in disulfide groups (S−S)2−. The main redox reaction is schematically drawn on the hand wheel.

As an example, a fragment of the VS4 structure is displayed on the control panel. The yellow balls are S atoms connected in pairs and the blue balls are V atoms.

The mountains at the backdrop are 'filled' with fragments of TaS3 and NbS3 microstructures symbolizing the vast opportunities that the rich polysulfide family offers for energy conversion and storage.
The paper presents the results of experimental studies on the radiation flux generation in the sub-millimeter wavelength range due to a strong beam-plasma interaction.

A relativistic electron beam (REB) with parameters 0.5 MeV / 12 kA / 6 us pumps plasma waves in a plasma column with a length of ~2 m at a plasma density of ~10^15cm-3 in a magnetic field of B~4 T. In the presence of density gradients in the plasma column, direct measurements of the energy content of the radiation flux 18 cm in diameter leaving the plasma column into the atmosphere showed that its value reaches 5-7 J. The pulse duration of the flux at half of its amplitude was about of 0.5 us, therefore, the pulse power was at the level of ~ 10 MW.

In this series of experiments, the spectral composition of the radiation flux in the frequency range 0.1-0.5 THz as well as the energy distribution function of the beam electrons passed through the plasma have been measured.
We present a search for a non-Standard-Model invisible particle X0 in the mass range 0.1–1.8 GeV/c2 in B+→e+X0 and B+→μ+X0 decays.

The results are obtained from a 711 fb−1 data sample that corresponds to 772×106BB¯ pairs, collected at the ϒ(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB e+e− collider. One B meson is fully reconstructed in a hadronic mode to determine the momentum of the lepton of the signal decay in the rest frame of the recoiling partner B meson.

We find no evidence of a signal and set upper limits on the order of 10−6.
By analyzing the large-angle Bhabha scattering events e+e− → (γ)e+e− and diphoton events e+e− → (γ)γγ for the data sets collected at center-of-mass (c.m.) energies between 2.2324 and 4.5900 GeV (131 energy points in total)

with the upgraded Beijing Spectrometer (BESIII) at the Beijing Electron-Positron Collider (BEPCII), the integrated luminosities have been measured at the different c.m. energies, individually

The results are important inputs for the R value and J/ψ resonance parameter measurements
The composites of piroxicam and meloxicam with gamma-alumina, aluminium hydroxides (gibbsite and boehmite), alpha and gamma polymorphs of iron(III) oxide having dierent surface area and morphology were prepared by planetary ball-milling.

It has been shown that the initial state of the excipient (specic surface area, particle size and morphology) had a pronounced eect on the formation of the core-shell composites with the drugs and their properties.The X-ray diraction patterns and IR spectra measured for co-milled samples as well as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies gave evidence that the components of the mixtures interacted with each other and became amorphous, as composites were formed.

The drug release from the composites was dierent as compared with pure drugs, meloxicam and piroxicam behaving dierently that can be explained by formation of strong or weak bonds with the active sites of the carriers.In the case of mechanocomposites, the drugs dissolved quickly due to high surface of organic phase in the core-shell composites.The high-porous carriers can serve as the sorbents for the drugs in solution.
The intermolecular BH ··· HN distances of 1.94 Å are shorter than those in the solid ammonia borane (2.02–2.32 Å). A comparison of the hydrogen and dihydrogen bonds in 1· (AB) 2 and in the complexes of AB with crown‐ethers (CE) was carried out.

The molecular structure of the complex of ammonia borane (AB) with acyclic ether tetraglyme Me(OCH 2 CH 2 ) 4 OMe ( 1 ), 1· (AB) 2 was determined by single‐crystal X‐ray structure analysis for the first time. Computations reveal that the complexation of diastereomeric disubstituted glymes with AB leads to the formation of diastereomeric complexes that differ noticeably in stability.

The complex formation with both the CE and the acyclic polyether 1 activates the B–H bond in AB via N–H ··· O hydrogen bonds and therefore increases the reducing activity of AB. Supposedly, the structure of 1· (AB) 2 is related to the initial steps of the AB activation in a polyether solution. The effect of the substituents on the complexation of the substituted derivatives of 1 comes down to a structural adjustment minimizing steric repulsion. This is a prerequisite for inducing stereoselectivity, which makes such complexes attractive for potential synthetic applications.
Collective cell migration is a complex process that happens during normal development of many multicellular organisms, as well as during oncological transformations. In
Recent experimental and computational efforts have provided large data sets describing three-dimensional organization of mouse and human genomes and showed the interconnection between the expression profile, epigenetic state, and spatial interactions of loci. These interconnections were utilized to infer the spatial organization of chromatin, including enhancer–promoter contacts, from one-dimensional epigenetic marks.

Here, we show that the predictive power of some of these algorithms is overestimated due to peculiar properties of the biological data. We propose an alternative approach, which provides high-quality predictions of chromatin interactions using information on gene expression and CTCF-binding alone.

Using multiple metrics, we confirmed that our algorithm could efficiently predict the three-dimensional architecture of both normal and rearranged genomes.
We present the results of an amplitude analysis of anti-B0 -> J/psi K- pi+ decays. A new charged charmoniumlike state Zc(4200)+ decaying to J/psi pi+ is observed with a significance of 6.2 sigma. The mass and width of the Zc(4200)+ are 4196 +31-29 +17-13 MeV/c^2 and 370 +70-70 +70-132 MeV, respectively; the preferred assignment of the quantum numbers is J^P = 1^+. In addition, we find evidence for Zc(4430)+ -> J/psi pi+. The analysis is based on a 711 fb^-1 data sample collected by the Belle detector at the asymmetric-energy e+ e- collider KEKB.
The purpose is to identify the pathophysiological mechanisms of stroke development in patients with COVID-19.

Methods A total of 92 patients (46.72+1.72 years) with impairments of cerebral circulation due to COVID-19 (confirmed by positive PCR test results) had been examined. Among them, 67 patients had an ischemic stroke, 14–a transient ischaemic attack, 11–an intracerebral hemorrhage, 3– a subarachnoid hemorrhage. The parameters of hemostasis were measured by standard methods, electrical and viscoelastic parameters of red blood cells (RBC) by the dielectrophoresis method was carried out.

Conclusion Two independent mechanisms of cerebral circulatory disturbances have been identified in COVID-19 stroke patients: both thrombotic and hemorheologic. The thrombotic variant is associated with a procoagulant state and with an activity of inflammation. The hemorheologic variant is caused by a decrease in the activity of the RBC energy metabolism enzymes; it is associated with the presence of metabolic disorders and is to be eliminated by an administration of coenzymes and metabolites.
This paper discusses the trends in the experimental studies of molecular organic solids at high pressures by diffraction techniques. Crystallization of liquids, crystallization from solutions and solid-state transformations are considered. Special attention is paid to the high-pressure studies of pharmaceuticals and of biomimetics.
This article studies the Gospel quotations in the description of the history of the XII century Kievan rule in two compillations of East Slavic chronicles. An important problem concerning the principles of representing historical reality in a literary and historical narration is studied through the example of the XII century Kiev cronicle (compiled by hegumen Moisei (Moses)), which is interpreted as the author's text. Images of the princes created by the purposeful selection of certain literary means by the author, among which the Gospel quotes and reminiscences play the main role, provided moral accents in the stories about different episodes of almost a century-long history of Russia. It was how hegumen Moisei sought to prove legality of inheritance of the grand prince throne by Rurik Rostislavich, the great-grandson of Vladimir of Monomakh, to whom the chronicle is devoted in general. In the Nikon Chronicle, a massive chronicle compilation of the XVI century, images of the same princes as well as the history of the great Kievan rule are presented differently. In some of the plots the Gospel presentations add some strokes to the images of princes, while leading to the loss of “topical character” typical for the hegumen Moisei's Cronicle.
The large scale genome wide association studies (GWAS) have identified approximately 80 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) conferring susceptibility to type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, most of these loci have not been replicated in diverse populations and much genetic heterogeneity has been observed across ethnic groups.

We tested 28 SNPs previously found to be associated with T2D by GWAS in a Mongolian sample of Northern China (497 diagnosed with T2D and 469 controls) for association with T2D and diabetes related quantitative traits.

We replicated T2D association of 11 SNPs, namely, rs7578326 ( IRS1 ), rs1531343 ( HMGA2 ), rs8042680 ( PRC1 ), rs7578597 ( THADA ), rs1333051 ( CDKN2 ), rs6723108 ( TMEM163 ), rs163182 and rs2237897 ( KCNQ1 ), rs1387153 ( MTNR1B ), rs243021 ( BCL11A ), and rs10229583 ( PAX4 ) in our sample. Further, we showed that risk allele of the strongest T2D associated SNP in our sample, rs757832 ( IRS1 ), is associated with increased level of TG. We observed substantial difference of T2D risk allele frequency between the Mongolian sample and the 1000G Caucasian sample for a few SNPs, including rs6723108 ( TMEM163 ) whose risk allele reaches near fixation in the Mongolian sample. Further study of genetic architecture of these variants in susceptibility of T2D is needed to understand the role of these variants in heterogeneous populations.
In this lecture, one can find an abbreviated historical trajectory of the appearance and development of archaeology as a science.

The aim is to demonstrate the perceptions and biases, which have influenced and still influence the archaeological theory and practice in negative or positive ways.

The lecture was prepared for the participants of the program on 'Classics and Philosophy' of Novosibirsk State University (October 2018).
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) diversify protein functions and dynamically coordinate their signalling networks, influencing most aspects of cell physiology. Nevertheless, their genetic regulation or influence on complex traits is not fully understood. Here, we compare for the first time the genetic regulation of the same PTM of two proteins – glycosylation of transferrin and immunoglobulin G (IgG). By performing genome-wide association analysis of transferrin glycosylation, we identified 10 significantly associated loci, all novel. Comparing these with IgG glycosylation-associated genes, we note protein-specific associations with genes encoding glycosylation enzymes (transferrin - MGAT5, ST3GAL4, B3GAT1 ; IgG - MGAT3, ST6GAL1 ) as well as shared associations ( FUT6, FUT8 ). Colocalisation analyses of the latter suggest that different causal variants in the FUT genes regulate fucosylation of the two proteins. We propose that they affect the binding of different transcription factors in different tissues, with fucosylation of IgG being regulated by IKZF1 in B-cells and of transferrin by HNF1A in liver.
The creation of G. barbadense L./G. hirsutum L. chromosome-substitution lines is an important method to transfer agronomically valuable traits from G. barbadense into G. hirsutum. In this study, 30 monosomic lines of G. hirsutum from the Cytogenetic Collection of Uzbekistan, created in the genotypic background of line L-458, were used in crosses with the G. barbadense line Pima 3-79 to create substitution lines. In the course of this work, new monosomic lines were identified for chromosome 12 and monotelodisome 6 of the Atsubgenome and for chromosomes 17, 21, and 22 of the Dtsubgenome using chromosome-specific SSR markers and a well-defined tester set of cotton translocation lines (USA). Compared to those in the F1 hybrids, a strong decrease in the crossing and setting rates was found in the BC1F1 backcross lines, with the substitution of chromosomes 2, 4, 6, 7, and 12 of the Atsubgenome and 17, 18, 21, and 22 of the Dtsubgenome. The F1 and BC1F1 offspring from interspecific crosses differed in their transmission of univalents. Despite the regular pairing of chromosomes and the high meiotic index, interspecific aneuploid hybrids were characterized by a decrease in pollen fertility, which may indicate hidden structural variability in these genomes that did not affect meiotic division. The identification of chromosomes using chromosome-specific SSR markers in the early stages of plant development has greatly accelerated the detection of monosomic plants. The analysis of morphobiological traits revealed that monosomic F1 hybrids were more similar to the donor line, while BC1F1 hybrids were more similar to the recurrent parent but also showed previously undetected traits.
Using samples of 102×106 Υ(1S) and 158×106 Υ(2S) events collected with the Belle detector, we study exclusive hadronic decays of these two bottomonium resonances to the three-body final states ϕK+K−, ωπ+π− and K*0(892)K−π+, and to the two-body Vector-Tensor states (ϕf′2(1525), ωf2(1270), ρa2(1320) and K*0(892)¯¯¯¯K*02(1430)) and Axial-vector-Pseudoscalar (K1(1270)+K−, K1(1400)+K− and b1(1235)+π−) states. Signals are observed for the first time in the Υ(1S)→ϕK+K−, ωπ+π−, K*0K−π+, K*0K*02 and Υ(2S)→ϕK+K−, K*0K−π+ decay modes. Branching fractions are determined for all the processes, while 90% confidence level upper limits are established on the branching fractions for the modes with a statistical significance less than 3σ. The ratios of the branching fractions of Υ(2S) and Υ(1S) decays into the same final state are used to test a perturbative QCD prediction for OZI-suppressed bottomonium decays.Received 6 May 2012DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.86.031102© 2012 American Physical Society
The influence of annealing dynamics on the size and orientation of copper foil grains used for graphene synthesis at chemical deposition from the gas phase was studied. Annealing was carried out in argon and hydrogen atmospheres setting a constant temperature profile on the processed substrate and temperature gradient along the substrate. The temperature range and times were chosen in accordance with the regimes effective for graphene synthesis. It was shown that hydrogen has a significant effect on the growth of grains. Orientation of large grains, formed on the copper surface due to secondary crystallization, was random in the studied regimes.