Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Background In plant roots, auxin is critical for patterning and morphogenesis. It regulates cell elongation and division, the development and maintenance of root apical meristems, and other processes. In Arabidopsis , auxin distribution along the central root axis has several maxima: in the root tip, in the basal meristem and at the shoot/root junction. The distal maximum in the root tip maintains the stem cell niche. Proximal maxima may trigger lateral or adventitious root initiation.

Results We propose a reflected flow mechanism for the formation of the auxin maximum in the root apical meristem. The mechanism is based on auxin's known activation and inhibition of expressed PIN family auxin carriers at low and high auxin levels, respectively. Simulations showed that these regulatory interactions are sufficient for self-organization of the auxin distribution pattern along the central root axis under varying conditions. The mathematical model was extended with rules for discontinuous cell dynamics so that cell divisions were also governed by auxin, and by another morphogen Division Factor which combines the actions of cytokinin and ethylene on cell division in the root. The positional information specified by the gradients of these two morphogens is able to explain root patterning along the central root axis.

Conclusion We present here a plausible mechanism for auxin patterning along the developing root, that may provide for self-organization of the distal auxin maximum when the reverse fountain has not yet been formed or has been disrupted. In addition, the proximal maxima are formed under the reflected flow mechanism in response to periods of increasing auxin flow from the growing shoot. These events may predetermine lateral root initiation in a rhyzotactic pattern. Another outcome of the reflected flow mechanism - the predominance of lateral or adventitious roots in different plant species - may be based on the different efficiencies with which auxin inhibits its own transport in different species, thereby distinguishing two main types of plant root architecture: taproot vs. fibrous.
An analysis of B0->D K*0 decays is presented, where D represents an admixture of D0 and D0b mesons reconstructed in four separate final states: K-pi+, pi-K+, K+K- and pi+pi-. The data sample corresponds to 3.0fb-1 of proton-proton collision, collected by the LHCb experiment. Measurements of several observables are performed, including CP asymmetries. The most precise determination is presented of rB(DK*0), the magnitude of the ratio of the amplitudes of the decay B0->D K+ pi- with a b->u or a b->c transition, in a K pi mass region of +/-50 MeV/c2 around the K*(892) mass and for an absolute value of the cosine of the K*0 helicity angle larger than 0.4.
The paper is devoted to an experimental study of laminar-turbulent transition in supersonic boundary layers on swept wings at Mach 2. The experiments were fulfilled in the low nose supersonic wind tunnel T-325 of Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics on the models with supersonic or subsonic leading edges. The transition location was determined using a constant temperature hot-wire anemometer. while experiments for the case of a supersonic leading edge are a continuation of previous studies, then for the case of a subsonic leading edge, the first data have been obtained that show the possibility of carrying out studies on the development of unstable perturbations. It was obtained that transition take place parallel to the leading edge for both models. The destabilizing effect of the surface curvature of the model on the position of the laminar-turbulent transition for the case of a supersonic leading edge was confirmed. This experimental data is the room for further investigation.
Identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL) and candidate genes that affect growth intensity is a prerequisite for the marker-assisted selection for economically important traits. The number of QTL studies on sheep is relatively small in comparison to those on cattle and pigs. Current QTL Sheep database (Sheep QTLdb) contains information on 1658 QTL for 225 different traits. A few genes and markers associated with growth, carcass and meat productivity traits have been reported. The information about QTLs from the Sheep QTLdb cannot be directly used in marker assisted selection due to the lack of essential information such as effective and reference alleles, the effect direction, etc., and requires manual curation and validation.

In this study we performed comprehensive search for QTLs focusing on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with growth and meat traits in sheep. Using 15 different keywords combinations we found 152 papers (including duplicates). Next, all the found papers were manually curated by two researches and filtered by the relevance. We selected the most relevant papers that led to the final list of 17 publications. From these 17 papers we extracted information about associated genes and QTLs (SNPs). We extracted information about associated SNPs with all available information (effect sizes, effective and reference alleles etc).

In total we found information about 156 SNP-trait associations (123 unique SNPs). Also we made the list of 164 unique genes associated with growth, carcass and meat productivity traits. As the result we made the database which contains information about 156 SNP-trait associations (123 unique SNPs) and list of 165 associated genes. The updated information is freely available at https://github.com/Defrag1236/Ovines_2018. This information can be useful for further association studies and preliminary estimation of genetic variability for economically important traits in different breeds.
Spin mixing at level anti-crossings (lacs) enables transfer of SABRE-derived spin polarization to spin-1/2 hetero-nuclei.
Drop impact is important for numerous industrial processes. The recent progress in investigations of drop impact on heated solid surface covers the processes near and above the boiling temperature of the liquid. There is a gap in understanding of drop dynamics for the substrate temperature below the liquid boiling point. We conduct a detailed study of the interaction of the water drop of 10 μl impacting on a heated sapphire plate with a temperature varied within a range of 23–135°C. Characteristic stages of drop interaction with a substrate at various temperatures are identified, namely impact, spreading, rollback, one liquid column splashing, microdrops detachment, formation, stabilization, breakup, boiling, and evaporation. We show that the spreading time and maximal spreading diameter of the droplet are dominated by inertia and practically independent of the temperature. The influence of the temperature on viscosity dissipation, which limits the maximum spreading diameter, is not significant. However, the temperature rise leads to a considerable decrease of the liquid column contact diameter and to an increase of the liquid column height at the splashing stage. It is revealed that the contact line velocity at the rollback stage depends on temperature. Microdrop detachment from the liquid column is observed for a substrate temperature of 60–100°C. Beginning from the substrate temperature of 100°C, the liquid column height is decreased again. The most important observation is the drop breakup into several sessile microdrops just after the spreading for 135°C, which prevents the rollback and rebound. We show the possible importance of the Marangoni force for thin liquid film breakup and detect the presence of microbubbles, which is also potentially important for breakup.
Energy of chirped dissipative solitons (DS) generated in fiber lasers may exceed a threshold of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) leading to formation of a noisy Raman pulse (RP). As we demonstrated recently, a feedback loop providing re-injection of the Raman pulse into the laser cavity can form a Raman dissipative soliton (RDS) with similar characteristics to those of the main dissipative soliton. Here, we present the results of feedback optimization of the generated RDS spectra. First experimental results of coherent combining of DS and RDS are also shown.
The mineralogy (SEM), geochemistry (LA-ICP-MS) and isotopic composition of C, O and Sr in carbonates from uniquely high-grade REE-Nb ores of the Tomtor massif is presented. Testing of the formation conditions for uniquely high-grade ores from the Tomtor deposit was conducted.
ЗАПАДНО-СИБИРСКАЯ НЕФТЬ: ИСТОРИЯ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ Н.П.Запивалов Институт нефтегазовой геологии и геофизики им
In the paper we present our simulation strategy of the Tunka-Grande, TAIGA-Muon, and TAIGA-HiSCORE arrays in the light of the problem of separation astrophysical high-energy gamma rays from the cosmic ray background. The paper contains a description of our simulation method, based on Geant4 and CORSIKA codes. We also present the prospect of future research with TAIGA (Tunka Advanced Instrument for cosmic rays and Gamma Astronomy) with using the simulation results.
We present a search for nine lepton-number-violating and three lepton-flavor-violating neutral charm decays of the type D0→h'−h−ℓ'+ℓ+ and D0→h'−h+ℓ'±ℓ∓, where h and h′ represent a K or π meson and ℓ and ℓ′ an electron or muon.

The analysis is based on 468 fb−1 of e+e− annihilation data collected at or close to the Υ(4S) resonance with the BABAR detector at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory.

No significant signal is observed for any of the twelve modes, and we establish 90% confidence level upper limits on the branching fractions in the range (1.0–30.6)×10−7. The limits are between 1 and 3 orders of magnitude more stringent than previous measurements.
Objective: to reveal ultrasonic features of of epithelial, dermal and vascular benign skin formations.

Materials and methods. An ultrasonic study of 50 acantholytic nevuses, 50 acrochordons and 30 hemangiomas, which have an unambiguous clinical and dermatoscopic pattern and do not require differential diagnosis, was carried out. For the comparative evaluation of ultrasonic thickness and density of skin the ratio of scan indices in the lesion area relative to the indices in the adjacent healthy area of the skin was introduced.

Results. On the scans of acantholytic nevus the formations that rose above the skin surface, with a nonuniform thickened, hyperechoic epidermis were visualized, in which hypoechoic round-shaped patches occur. A hypoechoic acoustic shadow was determined under the epidermis. On the scans of acrochordons the formations on a narrow base, which were located above the skin surface were visualized. In the region of formations, a discontinuous contour of epidermis with predominantly hyperechogenic areas was determined. Within the formations, the structure of the dermis is heterogeneous with the alternation of normoechoic and hypoechoic areas. Beneath the formation an epidermis structurally similar to the healthy skin epidermis is determined on the level of skin surface under which hypoechoic zone is visualized, which is an acoustic shadow. On the scans of hemangiomas the formations were visualized that rose above the skin surface, with a distinct lateral delimitation from the surrounding tissues. In the area of formations, the epidermis is non-uniformly thickened than healthy skin, hyperechoic round-shaped areas are visualized. Non-uniformly hypoechoic irregulary-shaped regions were determined in the dermis. Conclusion. All examined formations differ from healthy skin by increasing the thickness of the epidermis and dermis, as well as strengthening the overall acoustic solidity of the epidermis and decreasing the acoustic solidity of the dermis. The introduction of the ratio into practice makes it possible to quantify these changes. Moreover, each formation has a peculiar ultrasonic characteristic, allowing the use of pattern analysis for differential diagnosis between epithelial, dermal and vascular forms of benign skin formations.
The aim of this work is to study the electrical and viscoelastic parameters of erythrocytes for patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), examined in dynamics, as possible predictors of exacerbation of the disease.

Material and methods. In dynamics, 23 patients with IBD (37.9 ± 4.3 years) were examined. The first examination was carried out in the stage of exacerbation, the second – after 6–12 months – in the stage of remission of IBD. Additionally, 36 patients with IBD in remission were examined to assess the predictive capabilities of erythrocyte parameters with subsequent monitoring of their condition for 6–12 months. The electrical and viscoelastic parameters of erythrocytes were investigated by dielectrophoresis. Statistical processing was carried out using a system of machine learning methods – Random Forest, MATLAB (R2019a, MathWorks).

Conclusions. The revealed electrical and viscoelastic parameters of erythrocytes should be considered as promising predictors of exacerbation in patients with IBD.
We consider a single-server cyclic polling system with three queues where the server follows an adaptive rule: if it finds one of queues empty in a given cycle, it decides not to visit that queue in the next cycle.

In the case of limited service policies, we prove stability and instability results under some conditions which are sufficient but not necessary, in general. Then we discuss open problems with identifying the exact stability region for models with limited service disciplines: we conjecture that a necessary and sufficient condition for the stability may depend on the whole distributions of the primitive sequences, and illustrate that by examples.

We conclude the paper with a section on the stability analysis of a polling system with either gated or exhaustive service disciplines.
The telomere structure in the Iberian shrew Sorex granarius is characterized by unique, striking features, with short arms of acrocentric chromosomes carrying extremely long telomeres (up to 300 kb) with interspersed ribosomal DNA (rDNA) repeat blocks. In this work, we investigated the telomere physiology of S. granarius fibroblast cells and found that telomere repeats are transcribed on both strands and that there is no telomere-dependent senescence mechanism. Although telomerase activity is detectable throughout cell culture and appears to act on both short and long telomeres, we also discovered that signatures of a recombinogenic activity are omnipresent, including telomere-sister chromatid exchanges, formation of alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT)-associated PML-like bodies, production of telomere circles, and a high frequency of telomeres carrying marks of a DNA damage response. Our results suggest that recombination participates in the maintenance of the very long telomeres in normal S. granarius fibroblasts. We discuss the possible interplay between the interspersed telomere and rDNA repeats in the stabilization of the very long telomeres in this organism.
We reveal that a synthetic photonic lattice based on coupled optical loops can be utilized as a feed-forward neural network for processing of optical pulse sequences in time domain.

As a proof of concept, we train the optical system to restore an initial shape of the pulse train from the signal distorted due to linear dispersion in a fiber-optic link. We also show efficient training of the optical network with an intrinsic Kerr-type nonlinearity for the realization of target nonlinear transmission functions and inference functionality for the discrimination of different pulse sequences.

The theoretical modeling is performed under practical conditions and can guide future experimental realizations.
The main problems of constructing models used to develop of spatial and sectoral long-term economic forecasts are due to the lack of direct statistical data in full, i.e. regional tables of distribution of goods and services. Their calculation has to be carried out on the basis of a limited set of direct and indirect indicators that make it possible to determine the spatial structures of production, consumption, accumulation of fixed capital, etc. with an accuracy sufficient for further use in the information content of interregional intersectoral models.

The report examines the problems of spatial allocation of the all-Russian table 'input-output' and proposes the author's approach to the partial automation of the procedures necessary to construct a set of regional tables (by federal district). Regionalization was carried out using a static interregional intersectoral model with control of bordering outcomes.

The result is a set of consistent regional tables as of 2015 - the sum of eight input-output tables exactly matches the all-Russian table. The constructed static multiregional input-output model (OMIOM) across federal districts is necessary for the next stage of work - the development of a semi-dynamic model used to calculate options for long-term national economic forecasts.
This review summarizes various mathematical models of cell-autonomous mammalian circadian clock. We present the basics necessary for understanding of the cell-autonomous mammalian circadian oscillator, modern experimental data essential for its reconstruction and some special problems related to the validation of mathematical circadian oscillator models.

This work compares existing mathematical models of circadian oscillator and the results of the computational studies of the oscillating systems.

Finally, we discuss applications of the mathematical models of mammalian circadian oscillator for solving specific problems in circadian rhythm biology.
The adaptive benefits of individual specialization and how learning abilities correlate with task performance are still far from being well-understood. Red wood ants are characterised by their huge colonies and deep professional specialization. We hypothesized that red wood ants Formica aquilonia form aversive learning after having negative encounters with hoverfly larvae differently, depending on their task specialization. We tested this hypothesis, first, by examining whether hunters and aphid milkers learn differently to avoid the nuisance of contacts with syrphid larvae, and, second, by analysing the difference between learning in 'field' and laboratory-reared (naïve) foragers. During the first interaction with the syrphid larva in their lives the naïve foragers showed a significantly higher level of aggressiveness than the members of a natural colony. Naïve foragers applied the 'mortal grip', 'prolonged bites', and 'nibbling' towards the enemy with a significantly higher frequency, whereas members of both 'field' groups behaved more carefully and tried to avoid encounters with the larva. The aphid milkers, who had a negative experience of interaction with the larva, being 'glued' with its viscous secretion, behaved much less aggressively in the follow-up experiments after ten minutes and even three days, thus exhibiting the shaping of both short- and long-term memories. However, both 'field' hunters and naïve foragers demonstrated no signs of aversive learning. These data provide some new insights into the relationship between task specialization and learning performance in ants. Given our previous results, we speculate that scouts and aphid milkers are the most cognitively gifted specialists in red wood ants, whereas hunters and guards are rather brave than smart.
The NF-κB transcription factor controls the expression of genes responsible for cell cycle, apoptosis, and other immunoregulatory functions. Some nonspecific NF-κB inhibitors were found after discovering the possibility of blocking tumor growth through suppression of NF-κB activity, but their use was complicated by multiple side effects, such as interleukin-1β-related systemic inflammation or non-immunerelated complications, which may be due to inhibition of the p65 NF-κB subunit that plays a central role in organogenesis and inflammation. Inhibition of the c-Rel subunit leads to tumor growth restriction by modulating the T-regulatory cell activity. In 2017, Grinberg-Bleyer and co-authors checked the hypothesis that selective inhibition of the c-Rel subunit can be performed using pentoxifylline and will effectively regulate Treg activity during tumor growth. The authors showed that pentoxphylline, an FDA-approved drug, could indeed induce selective degradation of c-Rel without affecting p65, and suggested that such an effect could be effective in suppressing tumor growth. In this regard, we aimed to investigate in vitro how pentoxifylline affect the functional activity and antitumor cytotoxic potential of T-cells in cancer patients. The objects of the study were peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 25 patients with primary breast cancer (no metastases), 15 patients with metastatic breast cancer, and 25 healthy women without breast pathology. Informed consent was obtained from all donors and patients. The study was approved by the local ethics committee. Here we showed that pentoxifylline treatment in vitro enhances the pro-apoptotic and cytotoxic antitumor response via increasing the expression of TRAIL on T-lymphocytes, mainly in healthy donors and patients with metastatic breast cancer, both on intact T-cells and in response to the cells of the tumor line of human breast carcinoma ZR-75-1. In healthy donors, in the presence of pentoxifylline, a population of highly expressing TRAIL CD4 and CD8 T-cells appears.
автоматики и электрометрии СО РАН, Новосибирск, Россия

ИЗМЕРЕНИЕ ВЕЛИЧИНЫ И ПОЛОЖЕНИЯ ТОЧЕЧНЫХ ТЕМПЕРАТУРНЫХ ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЙ НА ДЛИННЫЕ ВОЛОКОННЫЕ БРЭГГОВСКИЕ РЕШЕТКИ
In contrast to proteins recognizing small-molecule ligands, DNA-dependent enzymes cannot rely solely on interactions in the substrate-binding centre to achieve their exquisite specificity. It is widely believed that substrate recognition by such enzymes involves a series of conformational changes in the enzyme–DNA complex with sequential gates favoring cognate DNA and rejecting nonsubstrates. However, direct evidence for such mechanism is limited to a few systems. We report that discrimination between the oxidative DNA lesion, 8-oxoguanine (oxoG) and its normal counterpart, guanine, by the repair enzyme, formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase (Fpg), likely involves multiple gates. Fpg uses an aromatic wedge to open the Watson–Crick base pair and everts the lesion into its active site. We used molecular dynamics simulations to explore the eversion free energy landscapes of oxoG and G by Fpg, focusing on structural and energetic details of oxoG recognition. The resulting energy profiles, supported by biochemical analysis of site-directed mutants disturbing the interactions along the proposed path, show that Fpg selectively facilitates eversion of oxoG by stabilizing several intermediate states, helping the rapidly sliding enzyme avoid full extrusion of every encountered base for interrogation. Lesion recognition through multiple gating intermediates may be a common theme in DNA repair enzymes.
Based on the relation between the notions of Lie triple systems and Jordan algebras, we introduce the $n$-ary Jordan algebras,an $n$-ary generalization of Jordan algebras obtained via the generalization of the following property $\left[ R_{x},R_{y}\right] \in Der\left( \mathcal{A}\right)$, where $\mathcal{A}$ is an $n$-ary algebra. Next, we study a ternary example of these algebras. Finally, based on the construction of a family of ternary algebras defined by means of the Cayley-Dickson algebras, we present an example of a ternary $D_{x,y}$-derivation algebra ($n$-ary $D_{x,y}$-derivation algebras are the non-commutative version of $n$-ary Jordan algebras).