Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
This article describes the diagnostic complex for investigation of plasma electromagnetic emission during beam-plasma interaction.

Multichannel polychromator is used for measurements of spectral power density in frequency band of 100 ÷ 500 GHz. Two-channel polarimeter is used for obtaining information about emission polarization. The new cryogenic detector will be used for measurements of electromagnetic radiation over 600 GHz. Calorimetric detectors can also be used to increase the number of possible spatial registration points. Because experiments data interpretation depend on local plasma parameters such as plasma density or temperature diagnostic, complex include system of registration of density based on CO2-interferometry and Nd-laser scattering.

The information about plasma temperature is obtained from diamagnetic loops.
Numerical research results of heat transfer in layered tree trunk influenced by heat flux from forest fire presented.

The problem solved in two-dimensional statement in Cartesian system of co-ordinates. The typical range of influence parameters of heat flux from forest fire considered.

Temperature distributions in different moments of time obtained. Condition of tree damage by forest fire influence is under consideration in this research.
A novel type of temporal and spatial self-organization in a heterogeneous catalytic reaction is described for the first time.

Using in situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, gas chromatography, and mass spectrometry, we show that, under certain conditions, self-sustained reaction-rate oscillations arise in the oxidation of propane over Ni foil because of reversible bulk oxidation of Ni to NiO,

which can be observed even with the naked eye as chemical waves propagating over the catalyst surface.
Broadband wavelength tuneability can ensure a new level of versatility for laser systems and extend areas of their applications. Principle limitations of achieving wide tuning wavelength ranges are generally defined by the spectral bandwidth of the gain and traditional tuneability techniques, relying on electrically controlled or bulk filters, reducing laser efficiency and generation stability.

In this work, we present nearly 90 nm tuneability in ultrafast Tm-doped fibre laser within the span from 1873 to 1962 nm by implementing variable feedback for efficient control of the excitation level of the active medium and, hence, the gain spectrum. The highest laser efficiency is observed with 20% feedback, while 25% feedback enabled achieving the highest output energy of 1 nJ in 600-fs soliton pulses at 1877 nm central wavelength. By combining the nonlinear Schrödinger equation and population inversion rate equations for the gain medium, the developed numerical model helps to unveil nonlinear pulse evolution under the influence of dynamically varying gain spectrum.

The resulting laser system presents a compact and straightforward approach to achieve laser generation with a broad range tuneability of wavelength and operation regimes, which is not impaired by the limitations on laser stability or power performance and can be translated to other wavelength ranges.
The paper presents the results of an experimental study of the Couette-Taylor flow fluctuations in a ring channel with oppositely rotating multicylinder rotors.

Experiments were carried out using water-glycerine solutions as a working fluid. The rotation resistance moment and its pulsations were investigated, using the system for measuring the torque resistance of rotation of rotors, made in the form of a digital dynamometer based on a tension sensor.

The investigations made it possible to establish that the classic dependence of the appearance of Taylor vortices is observed in the slit flow of a multicylinder system rotating oppositely. It was shown that in the range of Reynolds numbers Re = (100 – 500), pulsations of dissipative processes with variable frequency and amplitude up to 10% of the mean value of rotation resistance are observed.
Lie symmetry analysis is applied to study the non-linear rotating shallow-water equations. The 9-dimensional Lie algebra of point symmetries admitted by the model is found. It is shown that the rotating shallow-water equations can be transformed to the classical shallow-water model. The derived symmetries are used to generate new exact solutions of the rotating shallow-water equations. In particular, a new class of time-periodic solutions with quasi-closed particle trajectories is constructed and studied. The symmetry reduction method is also used to obtain some invariant solutions of the model. Examples of these solutions are presented with a brief physical interpretation.
Modelling of gene networks is widely used in systems biology to study the functioning of complex biological systems. Most of the existing mathematical modelling techniques are useful for analysis of well-studied biological processes, for which information on rates of reactions is available. However, complex biological processes such as those determining the phenotypic traits of organisms or pathological disease processes, including pathogen-host interactions, involve complicated cross-talk between interacting networks. Furthermore, the intrinsic details of the interactions between these networks are often missing.

In this study, we developed an approach, which we call mosaic network modelling, that allows the combination of independent mathematical models of gene regulatory networks and, thereby, description of complex biological systems. The advantage of this approach is that it allows us to generate the integrated model despite the fact that information on molecular interactions between parts of the model (so-called mosaic fragments) might be missing. To generate a mosaic mathematical model, we used control theory and mathematical models, written in the form of a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). In the present study, we investigated the efficiency of this method in modelling the dynamics of more than 10,000 simulated mosaic regulatory networks consisting of two pieces.

Analysis revealed that this approach was highly efficient, as the mean deviation of the dynamics of mosaic network elements from the behaviour of the initial parts of the model was less than 10%. It turned out that for construction of the control functional, data on perturbation of one or two vertices of the mosaic piece are sufficient. Further, we used the developed method to construct a mosaic gene regulatory network including hepatitis C virus (HCV) as the first piece and the tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-induced apoptosis and NF-κB induction pathways as the second piece. Thus, the mosaic model integrates the model of HCV subgenomic replicon replication with the model of TNF-induced apoptosis and NF-κB induction. Analysis of the mosaic model revealed that the regulation of TNF-induced signaling by the HCV network is crucially dependent on the RIP1, TRADD, TRAF2, FADD, IKK, IκBα, c-FLIP, and BAR genes. Overall, the developed mosaic gene network modelling approach demonstrated good predictive power and allowed the prediction of new regulatory nodes in HCV action on apoptosis and the NF-κB pathway. Those theoretical predictions could be a basis for further experimental verification.
The global trend toward the reduction of human spermatogenic function observed in many countries, including Russia, raised the problem of extensive screening and monitoring of male fertility and elucidation of its genetic and ethnic mechanisms. Recently, whole-exome sequencing (WES) was developed as a powerful tool for genetic analysis of complex traits.

We present here the first Russian WES study for identification of new genes associated with semen quality. The experimental 3 × 2 design of the WES study was based on the analysis of 157 samples including three ethnic groups—Slavs (59), Buryats ( n = 49), and Yakuts ( n = 49), and two different semen quality groups—pathozoospermia ( n = 95) and normospermia ( n = 62). Additionally, our WES study group was negative for complete AZF microdeletions of the Y-chromosome. The normospermia group included men with normal sperm parameters in accordance with the WHO-recommended reference limit. The pathozoospermia group included men with impaired semen quality, namely, with any combined parameters of sperm concentration &lt;15 × 10 6 /ml, and/or progressive motility &lt;32%, and/or normal morphology &lt;4%. The WES was performed for all 157 samples. Subsequent calling and filtering of variants were carried out according to the GATK Best Practices recommendations. On the genotyping stage, the samples were combined into four cohorts: three sets corresponded to three ethnic groups, and the fourth set contained all the 157 whole-exome samples. Association of the obtained polymorphisms with semen quality parameters was investigated using the χ2 test. To prioritize the obtained variants associated with pathozoospermia, their effects were determined using Ensembl Variant Effect Predictor. Moreover, polymorphisms located in genes expressed in the testis were revealed based on the genomic annotation.

As a result, the nine potential SNP markers rs6971091, rs557806, rs610308, rs556052, rs1289658, rs278981, rs1129172, rs12268007, and rs17228441 were selected for subsequent verification on our previously collected population sample (about 1,500 males). The selected variants located in seven genes FAM71F1 , PPP1R15A , TRIM45 , PRAME , RBM47 , WDFY4 , and FSIP2 that are expressed in the testis and play an important role in cell proliferation, meiosis, and apoptosis.
The genome assembly of Anopheles darlingi consists of 2221 scaffolds (N50 = 115,072 bp) and has a size spanning 136.94 Mbp. This assembly represents one of the smallest genomes among Anopheles species.

Anopheles darlingi genomic DNA fragments of ~37 Kb were cloned, end-sequenced, and used as probes for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with salivary gland polytene chromosomes. In total, we mapped nine DNA probes to scaffolds and autosomal arms. Comparative analysis of the An. darlingi scaffolds with homologous sequences of the Anopheles albimanus and Anopheles gambiae genomes identified chromosomal rearrangements among these species.

Our results confirmed that physical mapping is a useful tool for anchoring genome assemblies to mosquito chromosomes.
A first observation is presented for the electroweak production of a W boson, a photon, and two jets in proton-proton collisions. The W boson decays are selected by requiring one identified electron or muon and an imbalance in transverse momentum. The two jets are required to have a high dijet mass and a large separation in pseudorapidity. The measurement is based on data collected with the CMS detector at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb−1. The observed (expected) significance for this process is 4.9 (4.6) standard deviations. After combining with previously reported CMS results at 8 TeV, the observed (expected) significance is 5.3 (4.8) standard deviations. The cross section for the electroweak Wγjj production in a restricted fiducial region is measured as 20.4±4.5fb and the total cross section for Wγ production in association with 2 jets in the same fiducial region is 108±16fb. All results are in good agreement with recent theoretical predictions. Constraints are placed on anomalous quartic gauge couplings in terms of dimension-8 effective field theory operators.
The article deals with the fundamental and conjuncture factors of the oil market equilibrium. The purpose of the study is to identify new economic indicators that affect the global pricing model in the oil market, and determine the effectiveness of the existing cartel agreement. The structure of net energy consumption, as well as features of demand for energy resources by regions of the world, is presented in the article. The study provides a comprehensive statistical analysis of the dynamics of changes in oil prices and production indicators of the largest oil producing countries in the world. The analysis highlights the factors of the oil market stabilization from the demand and supply side: production, technological and price factors. Relative indicators, such as the level of technology development and drilling efficiency in the respective segments, were found to have the greatest impact on the stability of energy prices, and long-term price stabilization is possible only if the US oil industry participates in OPEC+ agreement.
Noboru Ikeyaa, Egor A. Nasibulovbcd*, Konstantin L. Ivanovbc, Kiminori Maedae & Jonathan R. Woodwardaa Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japanb International Tomography Center, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russiac Physics Department, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russiad A. P. Ershov Institute of Informatics Systems, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russiae Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama City, Japan
The method of producing nano-dimensional silicon powders from monosilane pyrolysis by compressing in a cyclic process in the flow reactor has been proposed and implemented. The resulting powder has been examined by X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. The new design solutions and ceramic coatings obtained by using microarc oxidation for the piston-cylinder assembly – a compression unit of the reactor, allowed avoiding the use of compression rings and lubricants and achieving high compression ratio, pressure and temperature in the reactor needed for monosilane pyrolysis. Pyrolysis in the flow reactor is convenient, technological and efficient to be used in the production of high purity silicon nanopowders.
Background : some researchers have demonstrated a link between the genetic polymorphism of certain pro-infl ammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6) and the risk of developing precancerous diseases of the stomach and gastric cancer (GC). Aim : to study the genotypes and alleles frequency of polymorphisms of –511C/T (rs16944) of the IL1B gene and 174G/C (rs1800795) of the IL6 gene in patients with serologically detected atrophic gastritis (AG) — the main precancerous lesions of the stomach. Materials and methods . the study included 55 people (45 females and10 males) with an average age of 58.2 ± 11.5 years with signs of obvious or possible atrophy of diff erent parts of the gastric mucosa revealed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with determination of pepsinogen levels I (PGI), PGII, the PGI / PGII ratio, gastrin-17 and IgG antibodies to H. pylori using the “GastroPanel” diagnostic kit (Biohit Plc, Helsinski, Finland). DNA was isolated from venous blood using the phenol-chloroform extraction method. DNA samples were genotyped according to published methods. Results : in patients with severe AG (PGI level less than 30 μg/l), the combined variant with the rare T allele (T/T + C/T) was detected signifi cantly more often (68.8%) than the common homozygous C/C variant (31, 3%, p = 0.004). In individuals with a low PGI/PGII ratio (less than 3), which is also evidence of fundamental atrophy, the homozygous T/T variant was more common (29.6%) than the C/C genotype (7.4%, p = 0.04) The average PGI values were signifi cantly lower with the C/C genotype of the IL-6 gene compared with the heterozygous C/G variant (p = 0.03), however, in patients with morphologically confi rmed atrophy, the combined variant with the rare G allele (G/G + C/G) of the IL6 gene was more common than the homozygous C/C variant (71.4% versus 28.6%, p = 001). Conclusions : in patients with signs of corpus atrophy (low PGI, PGI PGII ratios), the homozygous variant with a rare T allele, which is associated with increased IL-1β production and the development of a hypoacid state, was 4 times more likely than the homozygous C/C variant (p = 0.04). The results obtained suggest a possible association of IL1B polymorphism (carriage of a rare T allele) with the formation of a cancer phenotype of gastritis. The contribution of IL6 polymorphism requires further refi nement.
A finite group is said to be weakly separable if every algebraic isomorphism between two $S$-rings over this group is induced by a combinatorial isomorphism.

In the paper we prove that

every abelian weakly separable group belongs to one of several explicitly given families only.
From a Dalitz plot analysis of $B\ensuremath{\rightarrow}K{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\psi}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ decays, we find a signal for $Z(4430{)}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\psi}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ with a mass $M=({4443}_{\ensuremath{-}12\ensuremath{-}13}^{+15+19})\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}/{c}^{2}$, width $\ensuremath{\Gamma}=({107}_{\ensuremath{-}43\ensuremath{-}56}^{+86+74})\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}$, product branching fraction $\mathcal{B}({\overline{B}}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}Z(4430{)}^{+})\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\mathcal{B}(Z(4430{)}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\psi}}^{\ensuremath{'}})=({3.2}_{\ensuremath{-}0.9\ensuremath{-}1.6}^{+1.8+5.3})\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$, and significance of $6.4\ensuremath{\sigma}$ that agrees with previous Belle measurements based on the same data sample. In addition, we determine the branching fraction $\mathcal{B}({B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{*}(892{)}^{0}{\ensuremath{\psi}}^{\ensuremath{'}})=({5.52}_{\ensuremath{-}0.32\ensuremath{-}0.58}^{+0.35+0.53})\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ and the fraction of ${K}^{*}(892{)}^{0}$ mesons that are longitudinally polarized ${f}_{L}=({44.8}_{\ensuremath{-}2.7\ensuremath{-}5.3}^{+4.0+4.0})%$. These results are obtained from a $605\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ data sample that contains $657\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}$ $B\overline{B}$ pairs collected near the $\ensuremath{\Upsilon}(4S)$ resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collider.
Composite material with high thermal conductivity was obtained by the method of thermal sintering of diamonds (synthetic and impact) and copper powder and by further hot isostatic pressing. The content of diamond (the particle size is 20 - 250 μm) in the diamond copper composite was 30 - 45 weight percent. The coefficient of thermal conductivity of copper diamond composite materials based on synthetic diamonds was measured to be 700 - 750 Wm-1K-1. The coefficient of thermal conductivity of copper diamond composite materials based on impact diamonds was measured to be 850 - 900 Wm-1 K-1. The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) was measured to be 5.5 - 6.5 • 10-6/°C for synthetic diamonds and 6.1 - 6.5 •10-6/°C for impact diamonds. The obtained copper diamond composite materials are promising to be used as crystal holders for semiconductor crystals in THz and microwave devices.
A report on the International Scientific Conference “JAPAN XXI NOVA: Era and Century” held at the Faculty of Asian and African Studies of St. Petersburg State University on 9–10 October 2020. Brief descriptions of the presented papers are given.
The review presents the results of investigations of gene polymorphism of enzymes involved in estrogen metabolism: CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP19 and SULT1A1 in the buccal epithelium samples from 703 women by RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism). The significant association of the presence of allele C and genotype T / C and C / C gene CYP1A1, allele A and genotype C / A and A / A CYP1A2 gene and the T allele and genotype C / T and C / C gene SYP19 with the risk of adenomyosis.
In southern West Siberia, as many as four Leptidea Billberg, 1820 species are present sympatrically: Leptideaamurensis (Ménétriés, 1859), Leptideamorsei (Ménétriés, 1859), Leptideasinapis (Linnaeus, 1758) and Leptideajuvernica Williams, 1946. The two latter were recently recognised as nearly sibling species on morphological and molecular characters. Specimens intermediate as to their subtle diagnostic characters occurring in West Siberia and elsewhere were interpreted as resulted from limited introgression. This supposition was tested via populational morphological and molecular analysis of spring brood specimens of all the four species taken from a limited (4.5 × 0.2 km) area in the suburbs of Novosibirsk. The samples were analysed with respect to the genitalic morphology, external characters, three nuclear (CAD, H1 gene and ITS2) and one mitochondrial (COI) molecular markers, infection of the intracellular maternally inherited bacterial symbiont Wolbachia Hertig, 1836 and its wsp gene coding for a hypervariable surface protein. Interspecific variation of the nuclear CAD and ITS2 sequences and the mitochondrial COI gene in Leptideasinapis and Leptideajuvernica turned out concordant. The absence of molecular evidence of introgression suggests genetic integrity of these two species and allows their reliable identification by molecular characters. The genitalic (lengths of the saccus and valva) and external characters (wing pattern) of males overlap in Leptideasinapis and Leptideajuvernica, as identified by molecular markers and thus are not so helpful in actual species identification. Only the ductus bursae length showed no overlap and can be used for identification of females. The histone H1 gene appeared five times less variable over the four studied species than COI, and found to be identical in species Leptideasinapis and Leptideajuvernica. Wolbachia infection was found in all studied species. We identified three wsp variants of Wolbachia: 1) wsp-10 allele in Leptideaamurensis, Leptideasinapis, Leptideajuvernica; 2) a very similar wsp-687 allele in Leptideasinapis; and 3) wsp-688, highly divergent to the previous ones, in Leptideamorsei.
This study was devoted to examination of some factors of blood coagulation (factor II, factor VII, factor XII, antithrombin III) in order to find their associations with biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction (endothelin 1, monocytic chemoattractant protein type 1, MCP-1, lipoprotein (a), LP (a), adhesive molecules sVCAM-1, asymmetric dimethylarginin, ADMA, homocysteine), inflammation (interleukins, IL-6, IL - 8, C-reactive protein, CRP) and with unstable atherosclerotic plaques in the coronary arteries in men with coronary atherosclerosis.

In 93 men with coronary atherosclerosis without acute coronary syndrome, blood coagulation factors concentrations (factor II, factor VII, factor XII, antithrombin III) were studied in the blood with goal to find their associations with biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction (endothelin 1, MCP-1, LP(a), adhesion molecules sVCAM-1, ADMA, homocysteine), of inflammation (IL-6, IL-8, CRP) and with the presence of unstable plaques in the coronary arteries.

Our results indicate that elevated blood levels of the Hageman factor may be a new biomarker of probability of unstable atherosclerotic plaques presence in the coronary arteries.