Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
The Mn-C-O composites were synthesized by the electric-arc discharge method. The composite materials were obtained by spraying of graphite electrode with the addition of MnO2. The morphology of Mn-C-O composites formed during electric-arc spraying of metal-carbon electrodes in various buffer gases (N2 and He) and the effect of their subsequent annealing in an oxygen-containing atmosphere was studied. It was experimentally determined that MnOx (MnO, Mn3O4) nanoparticles are mainly formed in N2 atmosphere, and Mn7C3 carbide nanoparticles are formed in He atmosphere. This phenomenon is explained by different cooling rates of the formed composites. With further annealing of materials, partial oxidation of nanoparticles and graphitization of the carbon matrix occur due to the thermal effect of the oxidation reaction. According to the study of electrochemical activity of materials in the 1 M KOH aqueous electrolyte, the materials with a higher MnO content and a higher degree of soot graphitization have the highest electrochemical capacity of 135 Fg−1.
Metamorphic processes play a key role in forming orogenic gold deposits.

In this paper, we present new evidence that host schists of the two largest gold deposits of the Yenisey ridge (Russia) Olympiada and Eldorado underwent a single stage of metamorphism in contrast to surrounding blocks. This metamorphism is of moderate thermal gradient and belongs to the Barrovian type, which is typical for the collisional event in the time range 800–850 Ma. The new Ar/Ar age data presented in this paper and the review of magmatic and metamorphic events and ore-forming processes indicate that the most productive stage (gold-sulfide-quartz) correlates well in time with the regional metamorphism of the Barrovian type. Carbonaceous material thermometry indicates a wide range of obtained temperatures around 90–150 °C around the mean temperature for each sample. The highest temperatures are close to the peak metamorphic temperatures estimated by garnet-biotite thermometry.

This indicates that metamorphic processes can have a crucial role in forming gold deposits of the Yenisey ridge.
The organic linker in a metal organic framework (MOF) affects its adsorption behavior and performance, and its structure and dynamics play a role in the modulation of the adsorption properties. In this work, the combination of 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) longitudinal relaxometry and theoretical calculations allowed details of the structure and dynamics of the organic linker in the NH2-MIL-125 MOF to be obtained. In particular, fast field cycling (FFC) NMR, applied here for the first time on MOFs, was used to disclose the dynamics of the amino group and its electronic environment through the analysis of the 14N quadrupole relaxation peaks, observed in the frequency interval 0.5-5 MHz, at different temperatures from 25 to 110 °C. The line width of the peaks allowed a lower boundary on the rotational correlation time of the N-H bonds to be set, whereas relevant changes in the amplitudes were interpreted in terms of a change in the orientation of the 14N averaged electric field gradient tensor. The experimental findings were complemented by quantum chemistry calculations and classical molecular dynamics simulations.
Tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C) coatings have been prepared on silicon substrates by the pulsed cathodic arc source.

For the limitation of the heat flux of the carbon plasma to the sample, the diaphragm of 27 mm diameter has been used. The deposition process has been carried out at three different distances between the arc source and the substrate: 150, 215 and 265 mm. The properties of ta-C coatings have been studied by Raman spectroscopy and dynamic nanoindentation techniques.

The analysis of Raman spectra parameters has revealed that the concentration of ordered aromatic rings in Csp2 cluster decreases with distance between the arc source and the substrate while the concentration of chain groups increases. Nanoindentation has shown the decrease in nanohardness and Young's modulus with the distance. Nanohardness value falls from 21 GPa to 16 GPa and Young's modulus value goes down from 197 GPa to 177 GPa. So, it's possible to control the formation of ta-C coatings structure by changing distance between the pulsed cathodic arc source and the substrate.
The general transcription repressor, TaDr1 gene, was identified during screening of a wheat SNP database using the Amplifluor-like SNP marker KATU-W62. Together with two genes described earlier, TaDr1A and TaDr1B, they represent a set of three homeologous genes in the wheat genome.

Under drought, the total expression profiles of all three genes varied between different bread wheat cultivars. Plants of four high-yielding cultivars exposed to drought showed a 2.0-2.4-fold increase in TaDr1 expression compared to controls. Less strong, but significant 1.3-1.8-fold up-regulation of the TaDr1 transcript levels was observed in four low-yielding cultivars. TaVrn1 and TaFT1, which controls the transition to flowering, revealed similar profiles of expression as TaDr1. Expression levels of all three genes were in good correlation with grain yields of evaluated cultivars growing in the field under water-limited conditions.

The results could indicate the involvement of all three genes in the same regulatory pathway, where the general transcription repressor TaDr1 may control expression of TaVrn1 and TaFT1 and, consequently, flowering time. The strength of these genes expression can lead to phenological changes that affect plant productivity and hence explain differences in the adaptation of the examined wheat cultivars to the dry environment of Northern and Central Kazakhstan. The Amplifluor-like SNP marker KATU-W62 used in this work can be applied to the identification of wheat cultivars differing in alleles at the TaDr1 locus and in screening hybrids.
Additional studies were done on the reaction of acetylacetone with semicarbazide and its derivatives (4-aminosemicarbazide, methylsemicarbazide, and dimethylsemicarbazide).

A new approach is suggested herein for the synthesis of pyrazole derivatives by reacting 4-nitrosemicarbazide with acetylacetone. The study on the reaction with acetylacetone resulted in monocyclic 3,5-dimethyl-N-nitropyrazole-1-carboxamide, monocyclic 5-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-2-pyrazoline, and bicyclic bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazole-1-carbonyl)hydrazine, and conditions for the formation of acetone semicarbazone were identified. The structures of the resultant compounds were validated by physicochemical analytical methods, including X-ray diffraction.

The computer-aided screening in the PASS prediction software discovered a high biological activity of the newly obtained compounds.
The article discusses the methods that ensure the detection of destructive messages in the Internet environment. It is shown that to detect them the approaches based on the analysis of the syntactic patterns; analysis of semantic information included in the text, and correlating it with the text corpus; crowd sourcing methods; identification of the patterns of user behavior in social networks; the consideration of the additional information etc., were applied.

Good results can be achieved under certain conditions: an access to traffic social networks and other online news resources, opportunities to organize or to get results from crowd sourcing, etc., when there are the restrictions on these conditions the detection of destructive messages can be performed based on indirect signs.

The results of the detection of destructive news in the corpus of news reports in Russian, posted on the websites of the Republic of Kazakhstan are shown.
The main views of the issue of stress and hypertension are briefly reviewed. It is well known that stress is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease development. Increase in blood pressure is a typical manifestation of the acute stress response. This fact is the reason to hypothesize that chronic stress causes the development of hypertensive disease. An association of hypertension with psychological stress in humans was shown in several works. In addition, it was demonstrated that hypertension was accompanied by an increase in sympathetic tone. On the other hand, there were many population studies in which no association was found between different types of chronic stress and arterial hypertension. Thus, the question is far from being answered.

To clarify the situation, one of the authors of this review decided to begin the breeding of a rat strain with increased blood pressure response to emotional stress. This breeding gave rise to inbred rats with persistent stress-induced arterial hypertension. A brief history of the development of the genetic model of stress-induced arterial hypertension, the ISIAH rat strain, is given. A retrospective review of the studies performed with ISIAH rats is presented.

The contribution of genotype changes in the neuroendocrine systems involved in stress and blood pressure regulation to the development of stress-dependent hypertension in the ISIAH rat strain is shown.
We present both the experimental and theoretical investigations of a nontrivial electron Landau-level shift in magnetic field in wide ($\ensuremath{\sim}20$ nm) HgTe quantum wells: Landau levels split under magnetic fields but become degenerate again when magnetic field increases.

We reproduced this behavior qualitatively within an isotropic six-band Kane model; then using semiclassical calculations, we showed this behavior is due to the mixing of the conduction band with a total spin of 3/2 with the next well subband with a spin of 1/2, which reduces the average vertical spin from 3/2 to around 1.

This change in the average spin changes the Berry phase, explaining the evolution of Landau levels under magnetic field.
Factor-mediated reprogramming of somatic cells towards pluripotency is a low-efficiency process during which only small subsets of cells are successfully reprogrammed. Previous analyses of the determinants of the reprogramming potential are based on average measurements across a large population of cells or on monitoring a relatively small number of single cells with live imaging. Here, we applied lentiviral genetic barcoding, a powerful tool enabling the identification of familiar relationships in thousands of cells. High-throughput sequencing of barcodes from successfully reprogrammed cells revealed a significant number of barcodes from related cells. We developed a computer model, according to which a probability of synchronous reprogramming of sister cells equals 10–30%. We conclude that the reprogramming success is pre-established in some particular cells and, being a heritable trait, can be maintained through cell division. Thus, reprogramming progresses in a deterministic manner, at least at the level of cell lineages.
Using phase schlieren system we have measured the shape of thermocapillary bump in the gas-driven (nitrogen) locally heated water film flowing in the minichannel. The measurements were conducted for liquid and gas flow rates corresponding to Rel=5.6 and Reg=73.5, respectively, and heat flux of 2 W/cm2. The paper shows a qualitative coincidence of the experimental results obtained for the locally heated flowing liquid film and the numerical results on the deformation in a locally heated shear-driven water film flowing in the minichannel.
In an integrated market, the price of a tradable good at any location is determined by the national market, not local demand. Based on this, the strength of dependence of local prices on local demand is used to detect and measure market segmentation.

The costs of a staples basket across almost all Russian regions with a monthly frequency are used as the empirical material.

The pattern found suggests that over the time span under consideration the degree of Russia's goods market integration was relatively stable, fluctuating around some level; no significant improvements or deteriorations were detected.
Data on karyotypes of P. guentheri and Z. elegans are reported here for the first time.

The karyotypes of three species of Pyrgomorphidae grasshoppers were studied: Zonocerus elegans (Thunberg, 1815), Pyrgomorpha guentheri (Burr, 1899) and Atractomorpha lata (Mochulsky, 1866). A comparative analysis of the localization of C-heterochromatin, clusters of ribosomal DNA, and telomere repeats revealed inter-species diversity in these cytogenetic markers.

All species have karyotypes consisting of 19 acrocentric chromosomes in males and 20 acrocentric chromosomes in females (2n♂=19, NF=19; 2n♀=20, NF=20) and X0/XX sex determination system. These differences indicate that the karyotype divergence in the species studied is not associated with structural chromosome rearrangements, but with the evolution of repeated DNA sequences.
Here, we report the study of a new multichannel DNA fluorescent base analogue 3-hydroxychromone (3HC) to evaluate its suitability as a fluorescent reporter probe of structural transitions during protein-DNA interactions and its comparison with the current commercially available 2-aminopurine (aPu), pyrrolocytosine (Cpy) and 1,3-diaza-2-oxophenoxazine (tCO). For this purpose, fluorescent base analogues were incorporated into DNA helix on the opposite or on the 5′-side of the damaged nucleoside 5,6-dihydrouridine (DHU), which is specifically recognized and removed by Endonuclease VIII. These fluorophores demonstrated different sensitivities to the DNA helix conformational changes. The highest sensitivity and the most detailed information about the conformational changes of DNA induced by protein binding and processing were obtained using the 3HC probe. The application of this new artificial fluorescent DNA base is a very useful tool for the studies of complex mechanisms of protein-DNA interactions. Using 3HC biosensor, the kinetic mechanism of Endonuclease VIII action was specified.
The research identifies and substantiates the problem of quality deterioration in the sentiment classification of text collections identical in composition and characteristics, but staggered over time. It is shown that the quality of sentiment classification can drop up to 15% in terms of the F-measure over a year and a half.

This paper presents three different approaches to improving text classification by sentiment in continuously-updated text collections in Russian: using a weighing scheme with linear computational complexity, adding lexicons of emotional vocabulary to the feature space and distributed word representation. All methods are compared, and it is shown which method is most applicable in certain cases. Experiments comparing the methods on sufficiently representative text collections are described.

It is shown that suggested approaches could reduce the deterioration of sentiment classification results for collections staggered over time.
Dizziness can be caused by different problems in elderly patients; the possibilities of drug therapy are limited; betahistine dihydrochloride is most commonly used.

The investigation enrolled 89 elderly patients (mean age, 73.7 years) with chronic cerebrovascular disease and complaints of dizziness. Neurological, otoneurological (the orthostatic test, the forced hyperventilation test, the Dix–Hallpike test, the Tinetti test, and the visual vertigo analogue scale), somatic, cognitive and emotional statuses were evaluated in all the patients. The patients were randomized into two groups. A study group included patients who took betahistine 48 mg/day, intravenous Mexidol® 5.0 ml for 10 days, then 375 mg tablets daily for 50 days; a comparison group consisted of patients who used only betahistine 48 mg/day for 60 days. The efficiency of treatment in both groups was evaluated using the global scale on day 60 of therapy, by taking into account the opinion of a physician and a patient.

In the elderly patients, vertigo was caused by several problems in the majority (75%) of cases. The combined (betahistine + mexidol) treatment group showed a more significant (more than double) reduction in the symptoms of vertigo than the comparison group. In elderly patients with chronic cerebrovascular disease and vertigo, combined therapy with betahistine and mexidol, which has neuroprotective properties, improves the results of treatment.
We have created an intense molecular source based on microchannel plates. The source forms a helium beam with divergence angle of 50 mrad, current (equivalent) density on the axis 100 mA/cm2 with an average particle beam energy 0.025 eV. The paper shows experimental measurements of the molecular source current density profile. The result was compared with the theoretical model.
The spherical neutral detector (SND) takes data at the e+e- collider VEPP-2000 in Novosibirsk. We present here recent upgrades of the SND DAQ system which are mainly aimed to handle the enhanced events rate load after the collider modernization. To maintain acceptable events selection quality the electronics throughput and computational power should be increased. These goals are achieved with the new fast digitizing electronics and distributed data taking. The data flow for the most congested detector subsystems is distributed and processed separately. We describe the new distributed SND DAQ software architecture, its computational and network infrastructure.
The search of scientific information was carried out in order to expand opportunities for rehabilitation of people having low limbs (legs and feet) diseases.

The techniques were developed for customizing of the orthopedic footwear intended for different abnormalities of low limbs. Having studied the abnormalities in movements and having carried out the anthropometric examinations of feet, the classifications of corrective elements of an orthopedic insole, hard details and typical constructions of orthopedic boots were developed,

as well as the classification of boots was created taking into account the rehabilitation effect.
Background The malaria mosquito Anopheles punctipennis , a widely distributed species in North America, is capable of transmitting human malaria and is actively involved in the transmission of the ungulate malaria parasite Plasmodium odocoilei . However, molecular diagnostic tools based on Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 (ITS2) of ribosomal DNA are lacking for this species. Anopheles punctipennis is a former member of the Anopheles maculipennis complex but its systematic position remains unclear.

Methods In this study, ITS2 sequences were obtained from 276 An. punctipennis specimens collected in the eastern and midwestern United States and a simple and robust Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism approach for species identification was developed. The maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree was constructed based on ITS2 sequences available through this study and from GenBank for 20 species of Anopheles.

Results The analysis demonstrated a consistent ITS2 sequence length and showed no indications of intragenomic variation among the samples based on ITS2, suggesting that An. punctipennis represents a single species in the studied geographic locations. In this study, An. punctipennis was found in urban, rural, and forest settings, suggesting its potential broad role in pathogen transmission. Phylogeny based on ITS2 sequence comparison demonstrated the close relationship of this species with other members of the Maculipennis group. Conclusions This study developed molecular tools based on ITS2 sequences for the malaria vector An. punctipennis and clarified the phylogenetic position of the species within the Maculipennis group.
The article discusses constitutional symbolism in the theory and practice of Russian constitutionalism, the problem of constitutional modernization in the context of the Russian state and legal tradition, the nature and legal forms of the constituent power, the constitutional status and the generative possibilities of the constituent power as constituents. The paper examines scientific approaches to understanding constitutional modernization in contemporary Russian jurisprudence, the meaning of constitutional symbolism and constitution as legal, political and moral communication in modern society. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the relationship between the constitutional process and the constitutional power from the standpoint of cognitive constitutionalism and historical rationality. The author has determined the problem zones of legal registration and implemetation of powers of the constituent power in the context of the Russian constitutional development. The study has been carried out on the basis of formal-legal, concrete historical and comparative legal methods of analysis, the method of constitutional design and legal hermeneutics. The author suggests the following conclusions: 1) It is necessary to rethink the range of subjects of the right to amend and revise the Constitution in the Russian constitutional law that reflects the constitutional tradition (in comparative and historical contexts) outlined in 18th-19th centuries rather than modern capabilities of the information society and e-government (e-ruling); 2) The importance and efficiency of democratic involvement increases and requires revision of the thesis that the head of state (in the history of Russia — the monarch, emperor, president) is the only authoritative and constitutionally significant “guardian” of the Constitution rigidity and the main political and legal route of its transformation and change; 3) Legal formalization and use of legal procedures of the constitutional will and expression of the will of citizens of the country in the process of elaboration, discussion, adoption and introduction of amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation (current), and in the future amount to the development and adoption of the draft new Constitution of the country; 4) In the context of Russia’s intent to join the 4th Industrial Revolution and the development of institutions of information society (including in the field of electoral procedures and the formation of information and digital constitutionalism), it is necessary to create a constitutional sector of the Internet supported by the State at the federal and regional levels for the use of information technologies and institutions of digital constitutionalism in the process of determining citizens’ opinion on opportunities, prospects, content of amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, their nation-wide discussion in the Internat.
We study the sensitivity reach of the gamma-ray method for measurement of relatively strong cosmological magnetic field with strength in the 1-10 pG range using deep exposure of the nearest hard spectrum blazar Mrk 501 with CTA telescopes. We show that the gamma-ray measurement technique can sense the primordial magnetic field with a strength of up to 10^{−11} G. Combination of the cosmic microwave background and gamma-ray constraints can thus sense the full range of possible cosmological magnetic fields to confirm or rule out their relevance to the problem of the origin of cosmic magnetic fields, as well as their influence on recombination and reionization epochs.