Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Polyclonal antibodies hydrolyzing myelin basic protein (MBP) can play an important role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In mammalians, there are serine proteases and metalloproteases. These and many other enzymes usually have only one active site and catalyze only one chemical reaction.

An immunoglobulin light chain phagemid library derived from peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with SLE was used. The small pools of phage particles displaying light chains with different affinity for MBP were isolated by affinity chromatography on MBP-Sepharose. The fraction eluted with 0.5M NaCl was used for preparation of individual monoclonal light chains (MLChs, 26–27kDa). The clones were expressed in Escherichia coli in a soluble form; MLChs were purified by metal-chelating chromatography followed by gel filtration.

In contrast to canonical proteases, one MLCh (NGTA2-Me-pro-ChTr) efficiently hydrolyzed MBP (but not other proteins) and four different oligopeptides corresponding to four immunodominant sequences containing cleavage sites of MBP. The proteolytic activity of MLCh was efficiently inhibited only by specific inhibitors of serine-like (phenylmethanesulfonylfluoride, PMSF) and metalloproteases (EDTA). It was shown that MLCh possess independent serine-like and metal-dependent activities. The principal existence of monoclonal antibodies with two different proteolytic activities is unexpected but very important for the further understanding of at present unknown biological functions of human antibodies.
Spatial organization of signalling events of the phytohormone auxin is fundamental for maintaining a dynamic transition from plant stem cells to differentiated descendants. The cambium, the stem cell niche mediating wood formation, fundamentally depends on auxin signalling but its exact role and spatial organization is obscure. Here we show that, while auxin signalling levels increase in differentiating cambium descendants, a moderate level of signalling in cambial stem cells is essential for cambium activity. We identify the auxin-dependent transcription factor ARF5/MONOPTEROS to cell-autonomously restrict the number of stem cells by directly attenuating the activity of the stem cell-promoting WOX4 gene. In contrast, ARF3 and ARF4 function as cambium activators in a redundant fashion from outside of WOX4 -expressing cells. Our results reveal an influence of auxin signalling on distinct cambium features by specific signalling components and allow the conceptual integration of plant stem cell systems with distinct anatomies.
Thin and ultra thin liquid films driven by a forced gas/vapor flow (stratified or annular flows), i.e. shear-driven liquid films in a narrow channel, is one of the promising candidate for the thermal management of advanced semiconductor devices with high local heat release. In experiments performed in this paper with locally heated shear-driven liquid films of water the effect of various conditions, such as flow rates of liquid and gas and channel height, on critical heat flux (CHF) was investigated. In experiments the record value of CHF as high as 540 W/cm2 has been achieved. The heat spreading into the substrate and the heat loses into the atmosphere in total don't exceed 30% at heat fluxes higher than 200 W/cm2. Comparison of shear-driven liquid films and gravity-driven liquid films showed that CHF in shear-driven films up to 10 times higher than in gravity-driven liquid films. Thus, prospect of using shear- driven films of water in modern cooling systems of semiconductor devices was confirmed.
By means of complex segregation analysis we studied the inheritance of litter size in two large pedigrees of captive-bred colonies of the Brazilian grass mouse Akodon cursor . Genetic analysis has revealed a highly significant influence of genetic factors on the variation of litter size (heritability, h 2 , was estimated as 0.44). The inheritance followed the classical polygene model: neither the major-gene model nor the polygene with unequal contribution model described the data significantly better.
Consideration of tissue-specific gene expression in reconstruction and analysis of molecular genetic networks is necessary for a proper description of the processes occurring in a specified tissue. Currently, there are a number of computer systems that allow the user to reconstruct molecular-genetic networks using the data automatically extracted from the texts of scientific publications. Examples of such systems are STRING, Pathway Commons, MetaCore and Ingenuity. The MetaCore and Ingenuity systems permit taking into account tissue-specific gene expression during the reconstruction of gene networks. Previously, we developed the ANDSystem tool, which also provides an automated extraction of knowledge from scientific texts and allows the reconstruction of gene networks. The main difference between our system and other tools is in the different types of interactions between objects, which makes the ANDSystem complementary to existing well-known systems. However, previous versions of the ANDSystem did not contain any information on tissue-specific expression.
The report presents two experiments carried out in Budker Institute for obtaining the maximum plasma beta (ratio of the plasma pressure to magnetic field pressure) in axially symmetric magnetic field. The experiments are based on injection of powerful focused neutral beams with high neutral power density in the plasma. The produced fast ion population significantly increases the plasma pressure. It the axially symmetric GDT experiment (Gas Dynamic Trap) the plasma beta exceeded 0.6 at the fast ion turning points. The CAT experiment (Compact Axisymmetric Toroid) is being prepared for obtaining a plasmoid with extremely high diamagnetism in axially symmetric magnetic field. Reversal of magnetic field in the plasmoid is possible in this experiment.
сульфИдно-платИнометалльная мИнералИзацИя Изменённых габбро массИва малютка худолазовского комплекса: влИянИе гИдротермальных процессов на тИп мИнеральной ассоцИацИИ
The Kitaev chain model exhibits topological order that manifests as topological degeneracy, Majorana edge modes and Z2 topological invariant of the bulk spectrum. This model can be obtained from a transverse field Ising model(TFIM) using the Jordan–Wigner transformation. TFIM has neither topological degeneracy nor any edge modes. Topological degeneracy associated with topological order is central to topological quantum computation. In this paper, we explore topological protection of the ground state manifold in the case of Majorana fermion models which exhibit Z2 topological order. We show that there are at least two different ways to understand this topological protection of Majorana fermion qubits: one way is based on fermionic mode operators and the other is based on anti-commuting symmetry operators. We also show how these two different ways are related to each other. We provide a very general approach to understanding the topological protection of Majorana fermion qubits in the case of lattice Hamiltonians. We then show how in topological phases in Majorana fermion models gives rise to new braid group representations. So, we give a unifying and broad perspective of topological phases in Majorana fermion models based on anti-commuting symmetry operators and braid group representations of Majorana fermions as anyons.
Background The Uzon Caldera is one of the places on our planet with unique geological, ecological, and microbiological characteristics. Uzon oil is the youngest on Earth. Uzon oil has unique composition, with low proportion of heavy fractions and relatively high content of saturated hydrocarbons. Microbial communities of the «oil site» have a diverse composition and live at high temperatures (up to 97 °C), significant oscillations of Eh and pH, and high content of sulfur, sulfides, arsenic, antimony, and mercury in water and rocks. Results The study analyzed the composition, structure and unique genetics characteristics of the microbial communities of the oil site, analyzed the metabolic pathways in the communities. Metabolic pathways of hydrocarbon degradation by microorganisms have been found. The study found statistically significant relationships between geochemical parameters, taxonomic composition and the completeness of metabolic pathways. It was demonstrated that geochemical parameters determine the structure and metabolic potential of microbial communities. Conclusions There were statistically significant relationships between geochemical parameters, taxonomic composition, and the completeness of metabolic pathways. It was demonstrated that geochemical parameters define the structure and metabolic potential of microbial communities. Metabolic pathways of hydrocarbon oxidation was found to prevail in the studied communities, which corroborates the hypothesis on abiogenic synthesis of Uzon hydrothermal petroleum.
We imaged the transport of current-induced spin coherence in a two-dimensional electron gas confined in a triple quantum well.

Nonlocal Kerr rotation measurements, based on the optical resonant amplification of the electrically-induced polarization, revealed a large spatial variation of the electron $g$ factor and the efficient generation of a current-controlled spin-orbit field in a macroscopic Hall bar device.

We observed coherence times in the nanoseconds range transported beyond half-millimeter distances in a direction transverse to the applied electric field. The measured long spin transport length can be explained by two material properties: large mean free path for charge diffusion in clean systems and enhanced spin-orbit coefficients in the triple well.
A vacuum insulated tandem accelerator was used to study the effect of blistering on the neutron yield under 2-MeV proton bombardment of lithium target. The target is a thin lithium layer evaporated onto an efficiently cooled copper substrate. Targets with lithium thickness from 1 to 84 µm were irradiated by protons up to fluence of 6.3 1020 cm−2 which was significantly greater than the blistering threshold. The state of the targets surface was observed using long-distance microscope, video camera, infrared camera. The neutron dose was measured by dosimeters, the neutron flux density was measured by neutron detector. After irradiation, the targets were analyzed on Raman spectrometer, single crystal diffractometer, electron microscope, scanning profilometer, scanning electron microscope, atomic emission spectrometer. The article describes the experiment, presents the results obtained and notes their significance in the enhancement of a target for the neutron source used in boron neutron capture therapy.
Reconstruction of acoustic parameter such as acoustic velocity considers as part of inverse problems for mathematical physics and reasonable reconstruction of this parameter will assist solving interrelated problem such as inversion and imaging which are popular in the field of seismic imaging. In this work, we studied and conducted a comparative study between two methods; the optimal control method and inverse scattering approach. In optimal control method we are using conjugate gradient method for reconstructing the desired acoustic parameter while for inverse scattering approach, we are introducing the application of Marchenko integral equation. Furthermore, the numerical results for both approaches are presented for one dimensional problem along with the analysis from this comparative study.
We present the first experimental study of the formation of 0-π pulses in the far infrared region. Experiments were made in rotation spectra of HCN and HBr molecules using a Novosibirsk terahertz free electron laser (NovoFEL) as a source of optical pulses and ultra-fast Schottky diode as detector. Transformation of the shape of 0-π pulses was explored within a wide range of optical density. Throughout the range of experimental conditions, the observed pulse shape is well described by the analytical formula of Grisp (Phys. Rev. A 1 (1970) 1604). The observed effect can be used for time-domain measurements of the oscillator strength of the absorption line.
The article proposes new methods of measurement of differences between of RF regions economic development level. Currently, indicators are used for comparison such as mean, median and mode. And the choice of three options is carried out not on formal criteria, but on the basis of general reasoning. The authors propose to build a system of comparisons on the basis of Bregman divergences. They are already beginning to be used when comparing regions by biologists. These measures have not yet been applied in economic analysis. The divergence of Kulback-Leibler (KL-divergence) is investigated, primarily, the variant of the Bregman divergence. Pairwise comparisons of the level of immigration to the regions as a criterion of quality of measurement of differences are proposed. The main calculations are made on the example of the level of wages in the regions of the South of Western Siberia. The conclusion is made about the prospects of using the existing variants of Bregman divergence, as well as about the possibility of developing new divergence options that best match the comparative attractiveness of the regions for immigrants.
This work represents the first comprehensive report on quantitative metabolomic composition of tissues of pike-perch (Sander lucioperca) and Siberian roach (Rutilus rutilus lacustris). The total of 68 most abundant metabolites are identified and quantified in the fish lenses and gills by the combination of LC-MS and NMR. It is shown that the concentrations of some compounds in the lens are much higher than that in the gills; that indicates the importance of these metabolites for the adaptation to the specific living conditions and maintaining the homeostasis of the fish lens. The lens metabolome undergoes significant seasonal changes due to the variations of dissolved oxygen level and fish feeding activity. The most season-affected metabolites are osmolytes and antioxidants, and the most affected metabolic pathway is the histidine pathway. In late autumn, the major lens osmolytes are N-acetyl-histidine and threonine phosphoethanolamine (Thr-PETA), while in winter the highest concentrations were observed for serine phosphoethanolamine (Ser-PETA) and myo-inositol. The presence of Thr-PETA and Ser-PETA in fish tissues and their role in cell osmotic protection are reported for the first time. The obtained concentrations can be used as baseline levels for studying the influence of environmental factors on fish health.
Evaporation of a sessile nanoliter water droplet was investigated experimentally at a temperature difference between the solid substrate and surrounding atmosphere from 30 to 50°C. The studies were performed on the float glass substrate with aluminum nanocoating of optical quality. The research has shown that the specific rate of evaporation (mass loss per unit of the drop surface area) increases with the decrease in droplet volume and at the last stage several times exceeds the initial value.
Swirling flow with the formation of a precessing vortex core (PVC) in the draft tube model of a hydroturbine was studied. Experiments were performed on an aerodynamic setup under transient operating conditions of the hydroturbine. The turbine operating conditions were varied by continuously changing the flow rate at a constant runner speed. The transition from the partial load regime, when a precessing vortex core is formed, to the best efficiency point without a core is considered. Applied to this task, a comparison of the windowed Fourier transform with wavelet analysis is given. The dependence of the PVC lifetime in the transient regime correlates with the transient time. It is shown that the velocity profiles and the spectrum of pressure pulsations in transient regimes change quasistatically between part-load operation and the best efficiency point of the turbine. The phase-averaged velocity distributions in the transient regimes show that a transient regime is a sequence of quasisteady regimes.
Study of behaviour of floating up bubbles in the mixture of transformer oil with carbon nanotubes under the action of high electric field was carried out.

The possibility of using carbon nanotubes to create hydrodynamic flows in a liquid dielectric at a very low concentration of nanotubes is shown.

It is assumed that the mechanism of the formation of flows is the injection of charge from the surface of nanotubes.
The possibilities of studying processes based on the geometric representation of their trajectories in a multidimensional space of factors and using projections of trajectories on planes suitable for analysis are discussed.

A connection is established between such constructions and the spiral and snail of development. Based on the proposed projection, a development snail is defined as a special representation format of the purposeful process, expanding the possibilities of analysis of modelling results.
It was argued in a number of papers that the gravitational potential calculated by using the modified QFT that follows from the Planck-length deformed uncertainty relation implies the existence of black-hole remnants of the order of the Planck-mass. Usually this sort of QFTs are endowed with two specific features, the modified dispersion relation, which is universal, and the concept of minimum length, which, however, is not universal.

While the emergence of the minimum-length most readily leads to the idea of the black hole remnants, here we examine the behaviour of the potential that follows from the Planck-length deformed QFT in absence of the minimum length and show that it might also lead to the formation of the Planck mass black holes in some particular cases. The calculations are made for higher-dimensional case as well.

Such black hole remnants might be considered as a possible candidates for the dark-matter.
cracks are observed when tungsten is exposed to ITER-relevant heat load

This paper presents a model for calculating deformations and mechanical stresses around a crack normal to surface that appeared under pulsed heat load. The model was applied to calculation of stresses that may lead to formation of cracks along the surface

It was found that such stresses might be not negligibly small in comparison with the ultimate tensile strength, and thus the appearance of cracks normal to the surface may leads to development of cracks parallel to the surface. The calculated deformation of the region around a crack is in good agreement with the experimental data. The deformations calculated can be a basis for experimental detection of formation of cracks normal and parallel to the surface.
In the paper a model for description of a hydraulic fracture propagation in inhomogeneous poroelastic medium is proposed.

Among advantages of the presented numerical algorithm, there are incorporation of the near-tip analysis into the general computational scheme, account for the rock failure criterion on the base of the cohesive zone model, possibility for analysis of fracture propagation in inhomogeneous reservoirs. The numerical convergence of the algorithm is verified and the agreement of our numerical results with known solutions is established.

The influence of the inhomogeneity of the reservoir permeability to the fracture time evolution is also demonstrated.
Magnesium-aluminum spinel MgAl 2 O 4 was synthesized by mechanical treatment of a mixture of hydroxides followed by treatment of the solution at 80 ° C and sintering at 850° C. The obtained nanocrystalline sample with a specific surface area of 100 m 2 /g were used for the preparation of composite solid electrolytes (1-x) LiClO 4 -xMgAl 2 O 4 . It was shown that conductivity increases with the spinel concentration and goes through a maximum of 1.35·10 -2 S/cm at 150 °C for composite 0.3LiClO 4 -0.7MgAl 2 O 4 .
A range of several psychiatric medications targeting the activity of solute carrier (SLC) transporters have proved effective for treatment. Therefore, further research is needed to elucidate the expression profiles of the Slc genes, which may serve as markers of altered brain metabolic processes and neurotransmitter activities in psychoneurological disorders.

We studied the Slc differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using transcriptomic profiles in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), nucleus accumbens (NAcc), and prefrontal cortex (PFC) of control and aggressive male mice with psychosis-like behavior induced by repeated experience of aggression accompanied with wins in daily agonistic interactions.

The majority of the Slc DEGs were shown to have brain region-specific expression profiles. Most of these genes in the VTA and NAcc (12 of 17 and 25 of 26, respectively) were downregulated, which was not the case in the PFC (6 and 5, up- and downregulated, respectively). In the VTA and NAcc, altered expression was observed for the genes encoding the transporters of neurotransmitters as well as inorganic and organic ions, amino acids, metals, glucose, etc. This indicates an alteration in transport functions for many substrates, which can lead to the downregulation or even disruption of cellular and neurotransmitter processes in the VTA and NAcc, which are attributable to chronic stimulation of the reward systems induced by positive fighting experience. There is not a single Slc DEG common to all three brain regions. Our findings show that in male mice with repeated experience of aggression, altered activity of neurotransmitter systems leads to a restructuring of metabolic and neurotransmitter processes in a way specific for each brain region. We assume that the scoring of Slc DEGs by the largest instances of significant expression co-variation with other genes may outline a candidate for new prognostic drug targets. Thus, we propose that the Slc genes set may be treated as a sensitive genes marker scaffold in brain RNA-Seq studies.
The Balitsky-Fadin-Kuraev-Lipatov (BFKL) approach for the investigation of semihard processes is plagued by large next-to-leading corrections, both in the kernel of the universal BFKL Green's function and in the process-dependent impact factors, as well as by large uncertainties in the renormalization scale setting. All that calls for an optimization procedure of the perturbative series. In this respect, one of the most common methods is the Brodsky-Lepage-Mackenzie (BLM) one, which eliminates the renormalization scale ambiguity by absorbing the nonconformal ${\ensuremath{\beta}}_{0}$ terms into the running coupling. In this paper, we apply the BLM scale setting procedure directly to the amplitudes (cross sections) of several semihard processes. We show that, due to the presence of ${\ensuremath{\beta}}_{0}$ terms in the next-to-leading expressions for the impact factors, the optimal renormalization scale is not universal but depends both on the energy and on the type of process in question.
This work for the first time analyses the impact of cosmic radiation on quartz cells with rubidium vapour and buffer gas, as well as the ensuing change in stability of atomic frequency standards (AFS) relying on such cells.

It is demonstrated that the main effect consists in variation of partial pressure of nitrogen, which is a part of the buffer gas mix. This leads to degraded AFS stability. It was established by modelling that this effect is not significant because material degradation of the AFS stability is only likely to happen over a long period of time, as long as several decades.

It can be concluded on the basis of the proposed analysis that a gas cell with rubidium vapour and buffer gas is the most reliable element of a satellite-borne AFS and that it is less affected by exposure to ionising radiation than electronic components of AFS.