Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Since its first demonstration in graded-index multimode fibers, spatial beam self-cleaning has attracted a growing research interest. It allows for the propagation of beams with a bell-shaped spatial profile, thus enabling the use of multimode fibers for several applications, from biomedical imaging to high-power beam delivery. So far, beam self-cleaning has been experimentally studied under several different experimental conditions. Whereas it has been theoretically described as the irreversible energy transfer from high-order modes towards the fundamental mode, in analogy with a beam condensation mechanism.

Here, we provide a comprehensive theoretical description of beam self-cleaning, by means of a semi-classical statistical mechanics model of wave thermalization. This approach is confirmed by an extensive experimental characterization, based on a holographic mode decomposition technique, employing laser pulses with temporal durations ranging from femtoseconds up to nanoseconds.

An excellent agreement between theory and experiments is found, which demonstrates that beam self-cleaning can be fully described in terms of the basic conservation laws of statistical mechanics.
The properties of the similarity transformation in percolation theory in the complex plane of the percolation probability are studied.

It is shown that the percolation problem on a two-dimensional square lattice reduces to the Mandelbrot transformation, leading to a fractal behavior of the percolation probability in the complex plane. The hierarchical chains of impedances, reducing to a nonlinear mapping of the impedance space onto itself, are studied.

An infinite continuation of the procedure leads to a fixed point. It is shown that the number of steps required to reach a neighborhood of this point has a fractal distribution.
Computer simulators of hydraulic fracturing rely on known physical properties of the reservoir, in particular, the leak-off coefficient and the confining in situ stress.This information can be obtained from the solution of the inverse problem by analyzing of the pressure decline curve (PDC) in pump-in/shut-in tests.The goal of the present work is to demonstrate that poroelastic effect can have significant influence on the behavior of the PDC and, hence, to results of its analysis.For computer simulations we use the mathematical model of the hydraulic fracture in poroelastic medium developed in [6].We investigate the dependence of the PDC on the closure stress and of the rock permeability.It is shown that classical methods for interpretation of PDC can lead to a significant error, in particular, in estimation of the minimal in situ confining stress.
Over the past two decades, the high energy physics community has been actively discussing and developing a number of post-LHC collider projects; however, none of them have been approved due to high costs and the uncertainty in post-LHC physics scenarios.There have been great expectations of rich new physics in the 0.1-1 TeV/c 2 mass region: the Higgs boson (one or several), supersymmetry, or perhaps new particles from the dark-matter family.It has been the general consensus that the best machine for the detailed study of new physics to be discovered at the LHC would be an energy-frontier linear e + e -collider.Physicists held their breath waiting for the results from the LHC.

In summer 2012, two LHC detectors, ATLAS and CMS, announced the discovery of a Higgs boson with the mass of 126 GeV/c 2 -and (still) nothing else.The absence of new physics in the region below 1 TeV/c 2 has changed the post-LHC collider R&D priorities and triggered a zoo of project proposals for the precision study of the 126 GeV/c 2 Higgs boson, possibly with further upgrades to higher energies.

This paper gives an overview of these projects;
CRISPR technologies are nowadays widely used for targeted knockout of numerous protein-coding genes and for the study of various processes and metabolic pathways in human cells. Most attention in the genome editing field is now focused on the cleavage of protein-coding genes or genes encoding long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), while the studies on targeted knockout of intron-encoded regulatory RNAs are sparse. Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) present a class of non-coding RNAs encoded within the introns of various host genes and involved in post-transcriptional maturation of ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) in eukaryotic cells. Box C/D snoRNAs direct 2'-O-methylation of rRNA nucleotides. These short RNAs have specific elements in their structure, namely, boxes C and D, and a target-recognizing region. Here, we present the study devoted to CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing of box C/D snoRNA genes in Gas5. We obtained monoclonal cell lines carrying mutations in snoRNA genes and analyzed the levels of the mutant box C/D snoRNA as well as the 2'-O-methylation status of the target rRNA nucleotide in the obtained cells. Mutations in SNORD75 in the obtained monoclonal cell line were shown to result in aberrant splicing of Gas5 with exclusion of exons 3 to 5, which was confirmed by RT-PCR and RNA-Seq. The obtained results suggest that SNORD75 contains an element for binding of some factors regulating maturation of Gas5 pre-lncRNA. We suggest that METTL3/METTL14 is among such factors, and m6A-methylation pathways are involved in regulation of Gas5 splicing. Our results shell light on the role of SNORDs in regulating splicing of the host gene.
H3K4me3 is typically found in the promoter region of genes and is a mark associated with an open chromatin state and active gene transcription. Nonetheless, the role of H3K4me3 in the regulation of transcription is still debated. To improve the understanding of the connection between H3K4me3 density in promoters and gene expression, we assessed the correlation between these two parameters. We utilized genome-wide high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data and H3K4me3-based chromatin immunoprecipitation with high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-seq), carried out on the same samples of the prefrontal cortex from 10 male C57Bl6 mice with different stress experience [Social defeat stress in adult mice causes alterations in gene expression, alternative splicing, and the epigenetic landscape of H3K4me3 in the prefrontal cortex: an impact of early-life stress, 1]. In addition, we assessed the correlation between H3K4me3 density and gene expression in datasets of cell-specific genes. Altogether, the results are useful for the elucidation of H3K4me3 involvement in the regulation of transcription in the murine prefrontal cortex.
Field studies on the pre-operational period of a Belarusian NPP have allowed us to determine the "background" level of gamma-emitting radionuclides in individual components of the environment.The results of measuring the dose rate at the NPP construction site are from 0.048 to 0.089 μSv/h.External radiation in the surveyed area is at 96% due to 40 K, 226 Ra and 232 Th.The radionuclides in the surface soil layer are: 40 K -from 530 to 700 Bq/kg; 226 Ra -from 30 to 55 Bq/kg; and 232 Th -from 17 to 35 Bq/kg; 137 Cs from 2 to 13 Bq/kg.The dose rate in the floodplain of the Viliya River from 0.033 to 0.082 μSv/h.The activity concentrations of the radionuclides in the surface soil layer of the floodplain of the Viliya River are: 40 K -from 390 to 690 Bq/kg; 226 Ra -from 33 to 50 Bq/kg; 232 Th -from 15 to 50 Bq/kg; 137 Cs -from 3 to 12 Bq/kg.The activity concentration of carbon-14 and tritium in the dominant vegetation species were determined to be: from 74.4 to 111.5 pMC and less than lower range limit, respectively.
The discovery of extraordinary optical transmission (EOT) through patterned metallic foils in the late 1990s was decisive for the development of plasmonics and cleared the path to employ small apertures for a variety of interesting applications all along the electromagnetic spectrum. However, a typical drawback often found in practical EOT structures is the large size needed to obtain high transmittance peaks. Consequently, practical EOT arrays are usually illuminated using an expanded (mimicking a plane wave) beam.

Here, it is shown with numerical and experimental results in the THz range that high transmittance peaks can be obtained even with a reduced illumination spot exciting a small number of holes, provided that the structure has a sufficient number of lateral holes out of the illumination spot.

These results shed more light on the prominent role of leaky waves in the underlying physics of EOT and have a direct impact on potential applications.
The manuscript describes several monochromatization schemes starting from A.~Renieri proposal for head-on collisions based on correlation between particles transverse position and energy deviation.

We briefly explain initial proposal and expand it for crossing angle collisions. Then we discuss new monochromatization scheme for crossing angle collisions based on correlation between particles longitudinal position and energy deviation.
The reaction of the redox active 1,2-bis[(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imino]acenaphthene (dpp-BIAN) and iron(II) iodide in acetonitrile led to a new complex [(dpp-BIAN)FeIII2] (1). Molecular structure of 1 was determined by the single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The spin state of the iron cation in complex 1 at room temperature and the magnetic behavior of 1 in the temperature range of 2–300 K were studied using Mossbauer spectroscopy and magnetic susceptibility measurements, respectively. The neutral character of dpp-BIAN in 1 was confirmed by IR and UV spectroscopy. The electrochemistry of 1 was studied in solution and solid state using cyclic voltammetry. The generation of the radical anion form of the dpp-BIAN ligand upon reduction of 1 in a CH2Cl2 solution was monitored by EPR spectroscopy.
GaAs thermal smoothing at temperatures T ≤ 650°C under conditions close to equilibrium yields surfaces with atomically smooth terraces separated by steps of monatomic height. At higher temperatures T ≥ 700°C, surface smoothing changes to roughening. In the present paper, thermal roughening of a step-terraced surface caused by atomic step flow around step pinning centers is studied using Monte-Carlo simulation. It is proved that the Schwöbel barrier is necessary for step bunching in the presence of step pinning centers. The lower limit of the Schwöbel barrier ES = 0.4 eV is estimated for the GaAs(001) surface.
Due to the presence of a ripple on the output of various power sources, and mechanical vibrations the VEPP-3 wiggler beam is subject to certain perturbations (oscillations). Such disturbances can distort the results of precise experiments. At the same time the existing stabilization system of the synchrotron radiation (SR) beam works with a large averaging times and almost not sensitive to these disturbances.

The differential high-speed detector based on pin-photodiodes and electronic processing circuits (that provide filtering and correlated double sampling of the signals) was developed for observation of the SR beam vertical oscillations. Detector is supplemented by electromechanical system for automatically adjustment of the sensor in beam center and allows to record slow displacement with a resolution of up to 0.2 microns.

It is expected that in the future this system can be connected to fast correctors of VEPP-3 storage ring for feedback suppression of the beam oscillations.
8-Oxoguanine-DNA glycosylase (OGG1) removes premutagenic lesion 8-oxoguanine (8-oxo-G) from DNA and then nicks the nascent abasic (apurinic/apyrimidinic) site by β-elimination. Although the structure of OGG1 bound to damaged DNA is known, the dynamic aspects of 8-oxo-G recognition are not well understood.

To comprehend the mechanisms of substrate recognition and processing, we have constructed OGG1 mutants with the active site occluded by replacement of Cys-253, which forms a wall of the base-binding pocket, with bulky leucine or isoleucine. The conformational dynamics of OGG1 mutants were characterized by single-turnover kinetics and stopped-flow kinetics with fluorescent detection. Additionally, the conformational mobility of wild type and the mutant OGG1 substrate complex was assessed using molecular dynamics simulations.

Although pocket occlusion distorted the active site and greatly decreased the catalytic activity of OGG1, it did not fully prevent processing of 8-oxo-G and apurinic/apyrimidinic sites. Both mutants were notably stimulated in the presence of free 8-bromoguanine, indicating that this base can bind to the distorted OGG1 and facilitate β-elimination. The results agree with the concept of enzyme plasticity, suggesting that the active site of OGG1 is flexible enough to compensate partially for distortions caused by mutation.
C‐, N‐, P‐, and S‐nucleophiles reacted with symmetrical tris(2,3,5,6‐tetrathiaaryl)methyl cations, generated from the corresponding triarylmethanols by strong acids

to give a variety of asymmetrical monosubstituted persistent triarylmethyl (TAM) radicals as the major products

The only byproducts were symmetrical TAMs
In 2012, a new jurisdictional body – the Court of the Eurasian Economic Community – began to operate in post-Soviet space. During the almost seven years of activity, from September 2012 to May 2019, the Court primarily dealt with appeals of economic entities who challenged acts of the Eurasian Economic Commission, as well as requests from Member States and the Commission for interpretations of international treaties. On one hand, the decisions of the Court meet basic international standards and contain certain answers to the questions submitted to the Court. On the other hand, they do not draw detailed arguments and clear conclusions and sometimes reflect the Court’s predisposition towards the Commission and Member States. As a result, they successfully perform the task of resolving specific disputes, but do not perform (at least effectively) the general task of strengthening the rule of law of the EAEU. The Court did not formulate major concepts that complement and enrich the law of the EAEU. The author substantiates this conclusion and analyzes the Court use of sources of law and evidence; its participation in judicial dialogue; its technique of argumentation; linguistic features of its decisions; procedural and substantive problems faced by the Court, and options for their solution; the practice of presenting separate opinions; legal concepts formulated by the Court, and its overall influence on the development of EAEU law. The ineffective resolution of problems faced by the Court are attributable to subjective and objective reasons – shortcomings of applicable acts, the Court’s isolation from Russian doctrine, the Court’s focus on an internal model of legal proceedings, mistrust on the part of Member States, failure of the Court organizational structure to conform to international standards, and the vertical nature of the EAEU. If these factors are not overcome, and the Court does not change its conduct, it risks becoming a decorative body engaged in explaining provisions that are clear (and will repeat the sad fate of the CIS Economic Court). This prospect is discouraging.
The results of an experimental study of bubble diameters variation with distance from the point of gas injection in an upward bubble flow in an inclined flat channel are presented. The measurements were carried out for a superficial fluid velocity of 0.51 m/s (Re=12400) and at various values of the gas flow rate ratio. It is shown that at small values of the gas flow rate ratio ( β <2%), the coalescence of bubbles is practically absent, therefore the angle of inclination of the channel and the distance from the point of introduction of gas into the liquid flow do not affect the average diameter of gas bubbles.
We report branching fraction measurements of four decay modes of the $\Lambda_{c}^{+}$ baryon, each of which includes an $\eta$ meson and a $\Lambda$ baryon in the final state, and all of which are measured relative to the $\Lambda_{c}^{+} \rightarrow p K^{-} pi^{+}$ decay mode. The results are based on a $980~\mathrm{fb^{-1}}$ data sample collected by the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy $e^{+}e^{-}$ collider. Two decays, $\eta \Sigma^{0} \pi^{+}$ and $\Lambda(1670) \pi^{+}$, are observed for the first time, while the measurements of the other decay modes, $\Lambda_{c}^{+} \rightarrow \eta\Lambda\pi^{+}$ and $\eta\Sigma(1385)^{+}$, are more precise than those made previously. We obtain $\mathcal{B}(\Lambda_{c}^{+} \rightarrow \eta \Lambda \pi^{+})/\mathcal{B}(\Lambda_{c}^{+} \rightarrow p K^{-} \pi^{+})$ = $0.293 \pm 0.003 \pm 0.014$, $\mathcal{B}(\Lambda_{c}^{+} \rightarrow \eta \Sigma^{0} \pi^{+})/\mathcal{B}(\Lambda_{c}^{+} \rightarrow p K^{-} \pi^{+})$ = $0.120 \pm 0.006 \pm 0.006$, $\mathcal{B}(\Lambda_{c}^{+} \rightarrow \Lambda(1670) \pi^{+}) \times \mathcal{B}(\Lambda(1670) \rightarrow \eta \Lambda)/\mathcal{B}(\Lambda_{c}^{+} \rightarrow p K^{-} \pi^{+})$ = $(5.54 \pm 0.29 \pm 0.73 ) \times 10^{-2}$, and $\mathcal{B}(\Lambda_{c}^{+} \rightarrow \eta \Sigma(1385)^{+})/\mathcal{B}(\Lambda_{c}^{+} \rightarrow p K^{-} \pi^{+})$ = $0.192 \pm 0.006 \pm 0.016$. The mass and width of the $\Lambda(1670)$ are also precisely determined to be $1674.3 \pm 0.8 \pm 4.9~{\rm MeV}/c^{2}$ and $36.1 \pm 2.4 \pm 4.8~{\rm MeV}$, respectively, where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively.
The results of experiments to assess the possible influence on seismic safety of structures of seasonal changes in the natural frequencies of the underlying soils are given. It is shown that the resonance properties of the surface soil layer during the year can vary more significantly than the properties of the structures built on them. This can lead to the coincidence of natural frequencies of the soil layer and the structures standing on it, which ultimately reduces their seismic safety.
The impact of alcohol on the body can be investigated with NMR spectroscopy in vitro , which can detect a wide range of metabolites but preparing samples includes tissue biopsy. Blood sampling is less invasive, but blood metabolic content might not reflect the changes occurring in other tissues. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the liver, brain, and serum metabolism and evaluate the link between tissues and serum metabolic content. Two experimental groups with ten outbred rats each were provided intragastrically with water (control group) and 50% ethanol solution (alcohol group) for 28 days. 1 H NMR spectroscopy in vitro was performed on the brain cortex, liver, and serum samples. Student’s t test with Holm–Bonferroni correction was used to investigate significant differences between groups. Partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and two-way ANOVA were performed to compare liver and serum, brain and serum. In all, 38, 37, and 21 metabolites were identified in the liver, brain, and serum samples, respectively. Significant differences for three metabolites were found in the liver (alanine, proline, and glutathione, p < 0.002) and four in serum (lactate, betaine, acetate, and formic acid, p < 0.002) were detected between the control and alcohol groups. The contents of glucose, betaine, and isoleucine were correlated ( r > 0.65) between serum and liver samples. PLS-DA determined separation between all tissues ( p < 0.001) and between control and alcohol groups only for liver and serum ( p < 0.001). Alcohol had a more substantial effect on liver and serum metabolism than on the brain.
Background. The COVID-19 lockdown has had a significant impact on mental health. Patients with eating disorders (ED) have been particularly vulnerable. Aims. (1) To explore changes in eating-related symptoms and general psychopathology during lockdown in patients with an ED from various European and Asian countries; and (2) to assess differences related to diagnostic ED subtypes, age, and geography. Methods. The sample comprised 829 participants, diagnosed with an ED according to DSM-5 criteria from specialized ED units in Europe and Asia. Participants were assessed using the COVID-19 Isolation Scale (CIES). Results. Patients with binge eating disorder (BED) experienced the highest impact on weight and ED symptoms in comparison with other ED subtypes during lockdown, whereas individuals with other specified feeding and eating disorders (OFSED) had greater deterioration in general psychological functioning than subjects with other ED subtypes. Finally, Asian and younger individuals appeared to be more resilient. Conclusions. The psychopathological changes in ED patients during the COVID-19 lockdown varied by cultural context and individual variation in age and ED diagnosis. Clinical services may need to target preventive measures and adapt therapeutic approaches for the most vulnerable patients.
Hemorheological disorders in structural and functional parameters of erythrocytes are involved in the pathological process in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Aim: to investigate the feasibility of differential diagnosis of the degrees of rheological disturbances in patients with type 2 DM by dielectrophoresis of erythrocytes. Methods: 62 subjects (58.7 ± 1.6 years) with type 2 DM diagnosed according to the criteria of the ADA were subdivided into two groups: medium (n = 47) and high (n = 15) risk of microcirculatory disturbances (EASD, 2013). Electric and viscoelastic parameters of erythrocytes were determined by dielectrophoresis using an electric optical system of cell detection. Results: the progression of rheological disturbances in the patients with type 2 DM was accompanied by significant decreases in deformation amplitude; dipole moment; polarizability; and membrane capacity; and increases in conductivity, viscosity, rigidity, hemolysis, and formation of aggregates (p < 0.05). Combined use of the parameters increased sensitivity (97.8%) and specificity (86.7%) for diagnosis of rheological disturbances in type 2 DM. Conclusion: the proposed experimental approach possesses low invasiveness, high productivity, shorter duration, vividness of the results. The method allows to evaluate not only local (renal and ocular) but also systemic status of microcirculation using more than 20 parameters of erythrocytes.
Recognition of composite elements consisting of two transcription factor binding sites gets behind the studies of tissue-, stage- and condition-specific transcription. Genome-wide data on transcription factor binding generated with ChIP-seq method facilitate an identification of composite elements, but the existing bioinformatics tools either require ChIP-seq datasets for both partner transcription factors, or omit composite elements with motifs overlapping.

Here we present an universal Motifs Co-Occurrence Tool (MCOT) that retrieves maximum information about overrepresented composite elements from a single ChIP-seq dataset. This includes homo- and heterotypic composite elements of four mutual orientations of motifs, separated with a spacer or overlapping, even if recognition of motifs within composite element requires various stringencies.

Analysis of 52 ChIP-seq datasets for 18 human transcription factors confirmed that for over 60% of analyzed datasets and transcription factors predicted co-occurrence of motifs implied experimentally proven protein-protein interaction of respecting transcription factors. Analysis of 164 ChIP-seq datasets for 57 mammalian transcription factors showed that abundance of predicted composite elements with an overlap of motifs compared to those with a spacer more than doubled; and they had 1.5-fold increase of asymmetrical pairs of motifs with one more conservative 'leading' motif and another one 'guided'.