Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Kidney collecting duct principal cells play a key role in regulated tubular reabsorption of water and sodium and secretion of potassium. The importance of this function for the maintenance of the osmotic homeostasis of the whole organism motivates extensive study of the ion transport properties of collecting duct principal cells.

We performed experimental measurements of cell volume and intracellular sodium concentration in rat renal collecting duct principal cells from the outer medulla (OMCD) and used a mathematical model describing transmembrane ion fluxes to analyze the experimental data. The sodium and chloride concentrations ([Na+]in = 37.3 ± 3.3 mM, [Cl-]in = 32.2 ± 4.0 mM) in OMCD cells were quantitatively estimated. Correspondence between the experimentally measured cell physiological characteristics and the values of model permeability parameters was established. Plasma membrane permeabilities and the rates of transmembrane fluxes for sodium, potassium and chloride ions were estimated on the basis of ion substitution experiments and model predictions.

In particular, calculated sodium (PNa), potassium (PK) and chloride (PCl) permeabilities were equal to 3.2 × 10-6 cm/s, 1.0 × 10-5 cm/s and 3.0 × 10-6 cm/s, respectively. This approach sets grounds for utilization of experimental measurements of intracellular sodium concentration and cell volume to quantify the ion permeabilities of OMCD principal cells and aids us in understanding the physiology of the adjustment of renal sodium and potassium excretion.
In rodent female mammals, there are two forms of X-inactivation – imprinted and random which take place in extraembryonic and embryonic tissues, respectively. The inactive X-chromosome during random X-inactivation was shown to contain two types of facultative heterochromatin that alternate and do not overlap. However, chromatin structure of the inactive X-chromosome during imprinted X-inactivation, especially at early stages, is still not well understood. In this work, we studied chromatin modifications associated with the inactive X-chromosome at different stages of imprinted X-inactivation in a rodent, Microtus levis. It has been found that imprinted X-inactivation in vole occurs in a species-specific manner in two steps. The inactive X-chromosome at early stages of imprinted X-inactivation is characterized by accumulation of H3K9me3, HP1, H4K20me3, and uH2A, resembling to some extent the pattern of repressive chromatin modifications of meiotic sex chromatin. Later, the inactive X-chromosome recruits trimethylated H3K27 and acquires the two types of heterochromatin associated with random X-inactivation.
Interpretation of CP violation measurements using charmonium decays, in both the ¯¯¯B0 and ¯¯¯B0s systems, can be subject to changes due to 'penguin' type diagrams. These effects can be investigated using measurements of the Cabibbo-suppressed ¯¯¯B0→J/ψπ+π− decays.

The final state composition of this channel is investigated using a 1.0 fb−1 sample of data produced in 7 TeV pp collisions at the LHC and collected by the LHCb experiment. A modified Dalitz-plot analysis is performed using both the invariant mass spectra and the decay angular distributions.

An improved measurement of the ¯¯¯B0→J/ψπ+π− branching fraction of (3.97±0.09±0.11±0.16)×10−5 is reported where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second is systematic, and the third is due to the uncertainty of the branching fraction of the decay B−→J/ψK− used as a normalization channel. Significant production of f0(500) and ρ(770) resonances is found in the substructure of the J/ψπ+π− final state, and this indicates that they are viable final states for CP violation studies. In contrast evidence for the f0(980) resonance is not found. This allows us to establish the first upper limit on the branching fraction product B(¯¯¯B0→J/ψf0(980))×B(f0(980)→π+π−)<1.1×10−6, leading to an upper limit on the absolute value of the mixing angle of the f0(980) with the f0(500) of less than 31°, both at 90% confidence level.
Given an undirected graph with edge weights and a subset R of its edges, the Rural Postman Problem (RPP) is to find a closed walk of minimum total weight containing all edges of R . We prove that RPP is WK[1]‐complete parameterized by the number and weight d of edges traversed additionally to the required ones. Thus RPP instances cannot be polynomial‐time compressed to instances of size polynomial in d unless the polynomial‐time hierarchy collapses. In contrast, denoting by b ≤ 2 d the number of vertices incident to an odd number of edges of R and by c ≤ d the number of connected components formed by the edges in R , we show how to reduce any RPP instance I to an RPP instance I ′ with 2 b + O ( c / ϵ ) vertices in O ( n 3 ) time so that any α ‐approximate solution for I ′ gives an α (1 + ϵ ) ‐approximate solution for I , for any α ≥ 1 and ϵ > 0 . That is, we provide a polynomial‐size approximate kernelization scheme (PSAKS). We experimentally evaluate it on wide‐spread benchmark data sets as well as on two real snow plowing instances from Berlin. We also make first steps toward a PSAKS for the parameter c .
Growing evidence suggests that increased arginase activity affects vital bioprocesses in various systems and universally mediates the pathogenesis of numerous metabolic diseases. The adverse effects of arginase are associated with a severe decline in L-arginine bioavailability, which leads to nitric oxide synthase substrate insufficiency, uncoupling, and, eventually, superoxide anion generation and substantial reduction of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. In cooperation, it contributes to chronic oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction, which might lead to hypertension and atherosclerosis. Recent preclinical investigations point arginase as a promising therapeutic target in ameliorating metabolic and vascular dysfunctions.

In the present study, adult rats with inherited stress-induced arterial hypertension (ISIAH) were used as a model of hypertension. Wistar rats served as normotensive controls. Experimental animals were intraperitoneally administered for seven days with nonproteinogenic amino acid L-norvaline (30 mg/kg/day), which is a potent arginase inhibitor, or with the vehicle. Blood pressure (BP), body weight, and diuresis were monitored. The changes in blood and urine levels of creatinine, urea, and NO metabolites were analyzed.

We observed a significant decline in BP and induced diuresis in ISIAH rats following the treatment. The same procedure did not affect the BP of control animals. Remarkably, the treatment had no influence upon glomerular filtration rate in two experimental groups, just like the daily excretion of creatinine and urea. Conversely, NO metabolite levels were amplified in normotonic but not in hypertensive rats following the treatment. The data indicate that L-norvaline is a potential antihypertensive agent and deserves to be clinically investigated. Moreover, we suggest that changes in blood and urine are causally related to the effect of L-norvaline upon BP regulation.
The effective use of wheat biodiversity in breeding programs is dependent on a sound conservation strategy for sources of biodiversity, and on appropriate techniques of incorporation into modern cultivars. Producing artificial wheat amphiploids using genomes of related species is an effective way to increase the available gene pool. However, artificial amphiploids should be given botanic names and positions within genus Triticum classification to ensure effective collection and preservation in gene banks. In this review, an attempt to integrate the results of molecular-genetic analyses of natural and artificial wheats with their taxonomy has been made. The correspondence of earlier evolutionary and taxonomic specifications to phylogenetic relationships within Triticum has been estimated using chloroplast and nuclear DNA sequence data. The results indicated close relationships between all artificial and natural species. Based on the data, all wild and cultivated diploid wheat species were united in a separate section, Monococcon. Different variants of nuclear Acc-1, Pgk-1, and Vrn-1 genes have been detected in diploid A genome species. Detailed analysis of the genes showed that one of these variants was a progenitor for all A genomes of polyploid wheats except for that in Triticum zhukovskyi and some of the artificial amphiploids.
Development of the modern microelectronic equipment requires the effective cooling solutions because it is necessary to remove high heat fluxes of up to 1 kW/cm2 and higher from the local hot spots of the processor.

Thin and ultra-thin (less than 10 μm in thickness) liquid films, moving under the action of a forced gas flow in a mini-channel, are promising for the use in the temperature control systems of the modern semiconductor devices. Here we report results of systematic experimental studies of the flow and rupture of a water film, shear-driven in the channel, under intense heating from a local heat source with size of 1x1 cm2. To carry out high-speed visualization of the process, the FASTCAM SA1.1 CCD camera is used (with the speed of up to 100 000 frames per second). The camera is equipped with an optical system of high spatial resolution (2.5 μm per 1 pixel of the camera sensor).

With the help of high-speed imaging, it was found that the maximum intensity of heat removal from the heater is achieved in the mode, when the film flow continuity is broken. The heater is covered with dry spots having typical size on the order of 10-100 μm and typical lifetime on the order of 0.1-1 ms. At that, the number of dry spots that exist simultaneously on 1 cm2 of the heater surface can reach several hundred. During 1 s up to 1 million dry spots appear and disappear at the area of the heater.
Properties of matrices manufactured by electrospinning from solutions of polyurethane Tecoflex EG-80A with gelatin in 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropanol were studied.

SEM, FTIR spectroscopy, and mechanical testing demonstrate that incubation of matrices in phosphate buffer changes the structure of the fibers and alters the polyurethane-gelatin interactions, increasing matrix durability. The ability of the matrices to maintain adhesion and proliferation of human endothelial cells was studied.

The results suggest that matrices made of 3% polyurethane solution with 15% gelatin (wt/wt) and treated with glutaraldehyde are the optimal variant for cultivation of endothelial cells.
Background Networks or graphs play an important role in the biological sciences. Protein interaction networks and metabolic networks support the understanding of basic cellular mechanisms. In the human brain, networks of functional or structural connectivity model the information-flow between cortex regions. In this context, measures of network properties are needed. We propose a new measure, Ndim, estimating the complexity of arbitrary networks. This measure is based on a fractal dimension, which is similar to recently introduced box-covering dimensions. However, box-covering dimensions are only applicable to fractal networks. The construction of these network-dimensions relies on concepts proposed to measure fractality or complexity of irregular sets in $\mathbb {R}^{n}$ ℝ n . Results The network measure Ndim grows with the proliferation of increasing network connectivity and is essentially determined by the cardinality of a maximum k -clique, where k is the characteristic path length of the network. Numerical applications to lattice-graphs and to fractal and non-fractal graph models, together with formal proofs show, that Ndim estimates a dimension of complexity for arbitrary graphs. Box-covering dimensions for fractal graphs rely on a linear log−log plot of minimum numbers of covering subgraph boxes versus the box sizes. We demonstrate the affinity between Ndim and the fractal box-covering dimensions but also that Ndim extends the concept of a fractal dimension to networks with non-linear log−log plots. Comparisons of Ndim with topological measures of complexity (cost and efficiency) show that Ndim has larger informative power. Three different methods to apply Ndim to weighted networks are finally presented and exemplified by comparisons of functional brain connectivity of healthy and depressed subjects. Conclusion We introduce a new measure of complexity for networks. We show that Ndim has the properties of a dimension and overcomes several limitations of presently used topological and fractal complexity-measures. It allows the comparison of the complexity of networks of different type, e.g., between fractal graphs characterized by hub repulsion and small world graphs with strong hub attraction. The large informative power and a convenient computational CPU-time for moderately sized networks may make Ndim a valuable tool for the analysis of biological networks.
The used model, unlike lubrication theory, is applicable not only for small, but also for a moderate Reynolds number in a wide range of hydrodynamic and thermal parameters of a flow and does not assume a priori set a temperature profile in a film.

The system of the equations which in long-wave approach describes a non-stationary 3D non-isothermal film flow in the presence of thermocapillarity is derived.

Based on the derived equations the numerical simulation of stationary 3D thermocapillary rivulets in a liquid film flowing over a "semi-infinite" heater is executed.
This paper presents results of searches for the electroweak production of supersymmetric particles in models with compressed mass spectra.

The searches use $139\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of $\sqrt{s}=13\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}$ proton-proton collision data collected by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. Events with missing transverse momentum and two same-flavor, oppositely charged, low-transverse-momentum leptons are selected, and are further categorized by the presence of hadronic activity from initial-state radiation or a topology compatible with vector-boson fusion processes.

The data are found to be consistent with predictions from the Standard Model. The results are interpreted using simplified models of $R$-parity-conserving supersymmetry in which the lightest supersymmetric partner is a neutralino with a mass similar to the lightest chargino, the second-to-lightest neutralino, or the slepton. Lower limits on the masses of charginos in different simplified models range from 193 to 240 GeV for moderate mass splittings, and extend down to mass splittings of 1.5 to 2.4 GeV at the LEP chargino bounds (92.4 GeV). Similar lower limits on degenerate light-flavor sleptons extend up to masses of 251 GeV and down to mass splittings of 550 MeV. Constraints on vector-boson fusion production of electroweak SUSY states are also presented.
Nitrogen-containing multi-wall carbon nanotubes (N-MWCNTs) were synthesized using aerosol assisted chemical vapor deposition (CVD) techniques in conjunction with benzylamine:ferrocene or acetonitrile:ferrocene mixtures. Different amounts of toluene were added to these mixtures in order to change the N/C ratio of the feedstock. X-ray photoelectron and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy detected pyridinic, pyrrolic, graphitic, and molecular nitrogen forms in the N-MWCNT samples. Analysis of the spectral data indicated that whilst the nature of the nitrogen-containing precursor has little effect on the concentrations of the different forms of nitrogen in N-MWCNTs, the N/C ratio in the feedstock appeared to be the determining factor. When the N/C ratio was lower than ca. 0.01, all four forms existed in equal concentrations, for N/C ratios above 0.01, graphitic and molecular nitrogen were dominant. Furthermore, higher concentrations of pyridinic nitrogen in the outer shells and N2 molecules in the core of the as-produced N-MWCNTs suggest that the precursors were decomposed into individual atoms, which interacted with the catalyst surface to form CN and NH species or in fact diffused through the bulk of the catalyst particles. These findings are important for a better understanding of possible growth mechanisms for heteroatom-containing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and therefore paving the way for controlling the spatial distribution of foreign elements in the CNTs using CVD processes.
A measurement of the inclusive Z → ττ cross-section in pp collisions at $ \sqrt{s}=7\,\mathrm{TeV} $ is presented based on a dataset of 1 . 0 fb −1 collected by the LHCb detector.

Candidates for Z → τ τ decays are identified through reconstructed final states with two muons, a muon and an electron, a muon and a hadron, or an electron and a hadron. The production cross-section for Z bosons, with invariant mass between 60 and 120 GeV /c 2 , which decay to τ leptons with transverse momenta greater than 20 GeV /c and pseudorapidities between 2 . 0 and 4 . 5, is measured

σ pp →Z→ ττ = 71 . 4 ± 3 . 5 ± 2 . 8 ± 2 . 5 pb; the first uncertainty is statistical, the second is systematic, and the third is due to the uncertainty on the integrated luminosity. The ratio of the cross-sections for Z → τ τ to Z → μμ is determined to be 0 . 93 ± 0 . 09, where the uncertainty is the combination of statistical, systematic, and luminosity uncertainties of the two measurements.
This work analyzes carrier transport, the relaxation of non-equilibrium charge, and the electronic structure of fluorinated graphene (FG) films with graphene quantum dots (GQDs). The FG films with GQDs were fabricated by means of chemical functionalization in an aqueous solution of hydrofluoric acid. High fluctuations of potential relief inside the FG barriers have been detected in the range of up to 200 mV. A phenomenological expression that describes the dependence of the time of non-equilibrium charge emission from GQDs on quantum confinement levels and film thickness (potential barrier parameters between GQDs) is suggested. An increase in the degree of functionalization leads to a decrease in GQD size, the removal of the GQD effect on carrier transport, and the relaxation of non-equilibrium charge. The study of the electronic properties of FG films with GQDs has revealed a unipolar resistive switching effect in the films with a relatively high degree of fluorination and a high current modulation in transistorlike structures with a lower degree of fluorination. 2D films with GQDs are believed to have considerable potential for various electronic applications (nonvolatile memory, 2D connections with optical control and logic elements).
With an improved technique, evidence has been obtained of the absence of nonrandom variations of the chromosome number in the cells of male gonads of earthworms of polyploid forms, and it has been ascertained that the diploid form of Eisenia nordenskioldi has 18 chromosomes.
The available data on the $D\overline{D}$ and inclusive hadronic cross sections in the $\psi(3770)$ region from the BaBar, Belle, BES-II, CLEO and KEDR experiments have been analyzed assuming that systematic uncertainties on cross sections measured by different detectors are not correlated. Four theoretical models predicting the $\psi(3770)$ line shape were considered for the $D\overline{D}$ channel. All of them gave satisfactory description of the data. The combined analysis of the $D\overline{D}$ and inclusive hadronic channel was performed using the model based on the vector dominance approach and accounting for the contribution of the $\psi(2S)$ tail to the $D\overline{D}$ cross section. The following values of the mass, total width, electron width and decay probability to the non-$D\overline{D}$ states were obtained: $M=3779.8 \pm 0.6 ~\text{MeV}, \Gamma=25.8 \pm 1.3 ~\text{MeV} , \Gamma_{ee}=196 \pm 18 ~\text{eV}, \mathcal{B}_{nD\overline{D}}=0.164 \pm 0.049$, where the errors quoted include both statistical and dominant systematic uncertainties.
We describe recent results from the KEDR detector at the VEPP-4Mcollider. They include: a search for narrow resonances between 1.85 and 3.1 GeV, a test of leptonic universality by comparing partial widths of the J/ψ resonance into electron and muon pairs, a determination of the main parameters of the ψ(2S) and a measurement of ψ(3770) parameters.
It was shown that circulating DNA could be used as a valuable source of material for cancer diagnostics (Fleischhacker, 2007), but unknown and unpredictable factors frequently dramatically decrease concentration of tumor-specific genetic biomarkers by influencing on generation and circulation in bloodstream of extracellular DNA. Sequencing of total circulating DNA could either provide valuable information regarding such factors or determine novel targets (DNA markers) for cancer diagnostics. We used a Sanger’s technology (ABI PRIZM 3110 sequenator) and BLAST analysis of circulating DNA from plasma and cell-surface-bound fraction of healthy individuals and patients with breast cancer. DNA was isolated by guanidine thiocyanate/glass milk method (Tamkovich, 2004) followed by Sau3A and EcoRI hydrolysis. Fragmented DNA was ligated into the pBlueScript II KS(-) vector. Competent XL-Blue (E. coli) cells were transformed with the vector by electroporation and after recovery the cells were plated on LB+Amp agar plates. The inserts length estimate by PCR-analysis. The majority of investigated circulating DNA fragments were about 100–800 bp. Sequence analysis revealed that number of circulating DNA fragments does not depend from the size of paternal chromosome both in normal and pathological state, but fragments from chromosome six were found in the female bloodstream more frequently. It was found, that in cancer patients blood were observed frequency of occurrence of pseudo genes and CpG islands below then in healthy female blood. BLAST analysis demonstrates that 10% of coding DNA fragments circulating in blood of the breast cancer patients is associated with development of this pathology. Sequencing of circulating DNA demonstrates a variable concentration of different DNA sequences in comparison with genomic DNA. Further characterization of circulating DNA may be beneficial in diagnosis and prognosis and may also contribute to determining the source and function of circulating DNA.
The problem is considered on a flow of a viscous liquid in the presence of solid bodies – two walls and a free plate the boundary of which is permeable for a liquid – under oscillatory influences.

The formulation of the problem includes the equation of the plate motion, the equations of Navier–Stokes and a continuity and conditions at solid boundaries of the liquid.

The new hydro-mechanical effect is revealed which consists in that in the absence of a predominant direction in space free parts of the hydro-mechanical system at a background of oscillations perform a unidirectional, steady motion.
Aim. To examine the differences in clinical parameters in patients with coronary atherosclerosis based on fatty acid profile. Methods .60 men with angiographically verified atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries underwent the analysis of fatty acids followed by coronary endarterectomy. Patients were divided into two groups after histological analysis of the intimamedia fragments. Men without unstable plaques in the coronary arteries were included in Group 1, whereas patients with unstable atherosclerotic plaques were included in Group 2. Blood serum levels of fatty acids were measured by highefficiency gas-liquid chromatography. Results. The predicted probability value and the predicted group membership in men with coronary atherosclerosis were calculated using the logistic regression. The following clinical patterns in men with unstable atherosclerotic plaques included increased prevalence of myocardial infarction with the event over 10 years ago, severe angina pectoris (III and IV functional class) and chronic heart failure, in comparison with CAD patients without unstable plaques. Conclusion. Fatty acid profile was associated with altered individual history of coronary atherosclerosis.