Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Temporal changes of seismic velocities may provide important information on the processes that occur inside the Earth. However, using body wave data with passive sources faces the problem of an uneven distribution of rays, which may cause artifacts with stronger amplitudes than the actual velocity changes in the Earth. We propose an algorithm for the selection of similar data sets in different time periods that minimize the artifacts related to variable data distributions. In this study, we used the data of the Japan Meteorological Agency for several years before and after the M w 9.0 Tohoku‐Oki event that occurred on 11 March 2011. We performed careful testing using different synthetic models, showing that the selected data subsets allow detecting weak velocity changes with amplitudes above 0.2%. The analysis of the experimental data revealed important features associated with the stress and deformation distributions after the megathrust event. In the upper crust, we found a large zone along the coast with significant P velocity increase likely caused by compression of crustal rocks. This zone was cut by several elongated anomalies with local velocity decrease coinciding with the limits of the maximum slip area. These anomalies possibly mark the areas of major ruptures and deformations after the Tohoku‐Oki earthquake. In the coupling zone at a depth of 40 km, we observe a velocity decrease in the area of the M w 7.7 aftershock representing strong fracturing in the focal zone. Beneath the volcanic arc, we observe significant (up to 0.5%) decrease of P velocity but less prominent S velocity changes.
A highly superlinear in radiation intensity photoconductance induced by terahertz laser radiation with moderate intensities has been observed in quantum point contacts made of GaAs quantum wells operating in the deep tunneling regime.

We provide model considerations of the effect and attribute it to the variation of the tunneling barrier height by the radiation field made possible by local diffraction effects. We also demonstrate that cyclotron resonance due to an external magnetic field manifests itself in the photoconductance completely suppressing the photoresponse.

For very low values of the normalized dark conductance $G_{\rm dark}/ G_0 \approx 10^{-6}$, with the conductance quantum $G_0=2e^2/h$, the photoconductance scales exponentially with the radiation intensity, so that already at $ 100 \text{ mW}/\text{cm}^2$ it increases by almost four orders of magnitude. This effect is observed for a radiation electric field oriented along the source drain direction.
The experimental research of suspended droplet evaporation process in air flow was conducted for distilled water (DW) with different silicon oxide (SiO2) nanoparticle concentration.

The data obtained allowed comparing droplet volume and temperature alteration dynamics with that in pure DW at different temperatures and flow rates.
The Super C- τ (SCT) Factory at Novosibirsk is a project of new colliding beam experiment proposed in Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics. Electron-positron collider based on Crab-Waist technique for operation energy range 2–5 GeV in center of mass is suggested. The luminosity up to 10 35 cm −1 s −1 (in 100 times higher than in operated today experiments in this energy region) is expected. To perform broad experimental program of the project successfully the excellent particle identification (PID) system is needed. A number of options are under consideration. Three of them are described in the paper: Focusing Aerogel RICH (FARICH) detector, threshold Cherenkov counters based on ASHIPH (Aerogel SHifter PHotomultiplier) technique with 6000 litres of aerogel of two refractive indexes and time-of-flight counters with TOP (Time of Propagation) approach with time resolution better than 30 ps. Comparison of PID capabilities with help of parametric simulation is given.
Проведены палеосейсмологические исследования в пределах Яломанского грабена (Горный Алтай).

В нижнем течении р.Малый Яломан и р.Иня выявлено шесть разрезов четвертичных отложений с присутствующими в них сейсмогенными деформациями (сейсмитами).

Следы древних землетрясений сконцентрированы на двух возрастных уровнях: (1) позднеплейстоценовый, (2) голоценовый.Следы крупного голоценового землетрясения на одном стратиграфическом уровне прослежены на расстоянии 7 км.В качестве механизмов образования сейсмитов следует рассматривать хрупкое разрушение, разжижение и флюидизацию.Типы сейсмогенных деформаций и их размеры позволяют утверждать, что в пределах Яломанского грабена и
Preeclampsia is one of the most severe gestational complications which is one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. A growth in the incidence of severe and combined forms of the pathology has been observed in recent years. According to modern concepts, inadequate cytotrophoblast invasion into the spiral arteries of the uterus and development of the ischemia-reperfusion syndrome in the placental tissue play the leading role in the development of preeclampsia, which is characterized by multipleorgan failure. In this regard, our work was aimed at studying the patterns of placental tissue transcriptome that are specific to females with PE and with physiological pregnancy, as well as identifying the potential promising biomarkers and molecular mechanisms of this pathology. We have identified 63 genes whose expression proved to differ significantly in the placental tissue of females with PE and with physiological pregnancy. A cluster of differentially expressed genes (DEG) whose expression level is increased in patients with preeclampsia includes not only the known candidate genes that have been identified in many other genome-wide studies (e.g., LEP, BHLHB2, SIGLEC6, RDH13, BCL6), but also new genes (ANKRD37, SYDE1, CYBA, ITGB2, etc.), which can be considered as new biological markers of preeclampsia and are of further interest. The results of a functional annotation of DEG show that the development of preeclampsia may be related to a stress response, immune processes, the regulation of cell-cell interactions, intracellular signaling cascades, etc. In addition, the features of the differential gene expression depending on preeclampsia severity were revealed. We have found evidence of the important role of the molecular mechanisms responsible for the failure of immunological tolerance and initiation of the pro-inflammatory cascade in the development of severe preeclampsia. The results obtained elaborate the concept of the pathophysiology of preeclampsia and contain the information necessary to work out measures for targeted therapy of this disease.
Пространственная организация ресурсного мегапроекта как объект стратегического планирования и управления Н. И
Microbusinesses are embedded in wider social processes, and it is the nature of this social embeddedness that is the principal focus of the article. In particular, ‘domestic embedding’ of petty commerce is crucial, and involves a mixture of competition, domination, negotiation, and custom (Wheelock and Mariussen, 1997). Furthermore, as a socio-economic group, petty traders and producers occupy an ambivalent position in the class structure, as they are vulnerable both to upward and downward social mobility. While the petty capital class has the advantage of possessing property assets, many members lack significant symbolic and cultural assets. Nonetheless, property assets offer the most robust bases for class formation (Savage et al., 1992). In addition, the embedding of petty commerce can be both ‘identity-sensitive’ and ‘identity-neutral’ (Sayer, 1995; 2000; Fraser, 1995). Extra-ethnic factors are significant in this process. The research uses formal interviews and ‘quasi-ethnographic’ methodology to explore the different contexts in which restaurateurs and market traders operated in Birmingham, UK. The article draws critically on several literatures on industrial organisation, economic sociology, family businesses and minority ethnic businesses. One aim is to give the rather indifferent concept of ‘embedding’ substantive content, and in this way to make an empirically informed contribution to ‘new economic sociology’.
Betulin and its esters are the natural compounds with high in vitro cytotoxicity toward many cancer cells. However, the poor water solubility of these compounds has limited their applications.

We prepared new composites of betulin esters using two methods, namely ball-milling of the mixtures of betulin esters with arabinogalactan and preparation of thin films of these mixtures by evaporating the aqueous solutions.

These composites revealed higher water solubility as compared with the initial substances without losing the structural integrity and functionality. As a result, the new composites have shown much higher inhibitory effects against different cancer cell lines such as Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells and lung carcinoma cells (A549) in comparison with the initial substances. The cell viability studies based on Annexin V and Propidium iodide probes have confirmed the high proapoptotic effect of betulin ester derivatives against cancer cells.
The article presents results and findings of the research into stratification of the hydrogeological section of western areas of the Yenisei-Khatanga basin localized in the Siberian Arctic zone. The identified two hydrogeological structural stages in the study area include the Paleozoic (undivided), Triassic, Lower-Middle Jurassic, Upper Jurassic, Neocomian, Aptian-Albian-Cenomanian, Upper Cretaceous and Paleogene-Quaternary water-bearing complexes. There have been recognized as many as eleven aquifers and eleven confining beds formed within the area where the established hydrogeological units are found not ubiquitously distributed, which is associated with the sedimentary basin evolution. A considerable part of the horizons have failed to be included in the hydrogeological section either due to the erosion processes within the Messoyakha inclined ridge or their pinching out in the borders of the basin.
In wheat, the vernalization requirement is mainly controlled by the VRN genes. Different species of hexaploid and tetraploid wheat are widely used as genetic source for new mutant variants and alleles for fundamental investigations and practical breeding programs. In this study, VRN-A1 and VRN-B1 were analysed for 178 accessions representing six tetraploid wheat species (Triticum dicoccoides, T. dicoccum, T. turgidum, T. polonicum, T. carthlicum, T. durum) and five hexaploid species (T. compactum, T. sphaerococcum, T. spelta, T. macha, T. vavilovii). Novel allelic variants in the promoter region of VRN-A1 and VRN-B1 were identified based on the change in curvature and flexibility of the DNA molecules. The new variants of VRN-A1 (designated as Vrn-A1a.2, Vrn-A1b.2 – Vrn-A1b.6 and Vrn-A1i) were found to be widely distributed in hexaploid and tetraploid wheat, and in fact were predominant over the known VRN-A1 alleles. The greatest diversity of the new variants of VRN-B1 (designated as VRN-B1.f, VRN-B1.s and VRN-B1.m) was found in the tetraploid and some hexaploid wheat species. For the first time, minor differences within the sequence motif known as the VRN-box of VRN1 were correlated with wheat growth habit. Thus, vrn-A1b.3 and vrn-A1b.4 were revealed in winter wheat in contrast to Vrn-A1b.2, Vrn-A1b.5, Vrn-A1b.6 and Vrn-A1i. It was found that single nucleotide mutation in the VRN-box can influence the vernalization requirement and growth habit of wheat. Our data suggest that both the A-tract and C-rich segment within the VRN-box contribute to its functionality, and provide a new view of the hypothesised role of the VRN-box in regulating transcription of the VRN1 genes. Specifically, it is proposed that combination of mutations in this region can modulate vernalization sensitivity and flowering time of wheat. New allelic variants of the VRN-A1 and VRN-B1 genes were identified in hexaploid and tetraploid wheat. Mutations in A-tract and C-rich segments within the VRN-box of VRN-A1 are associated with modulation of the vernalization requirement and flowering time. New allelic variants will be useful in fundamental investigations into the regulation of VRN1 expression, and provide a valuable genetic resource for practical breeding of wheat.
We have experimentally studied the structure of supersonic underexpanded room-temperature air jets escaping from the micronozzle with characteristic heights of 22.3 μm and widths within 2593 μm in a range of Reynolds numbers of 1280-9460.

The pressure distribution in the cross-section and in the longitudinal direction were measured.
The aim of this study is to investigate the 14-year risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and develop a risk score for T2DM in the Siberian cohort.

A random population sample (males/females, 45-69 years old) was examined at baseline in 2003-2005 (Health, Alcohol, and Psychosocial Factors in Eastern Europe (HAPIEE) project, n = 9360, Novosibirsk) and re-examined in 2006-2008 and 2015-2017. After excluding those with baseline T2DM, the final analysis included 7739 participants. The risk of incident T2DM during a 14-year follow-up was analysed using Cox regression. In age-adjusted models, male and female hazard ratios (HR) of incident T2DM were calculated for various risk factors including BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, abdominal obesity (AO), fasting hyperglycaemia (FHG), high triglyceride (TG), hypertension (HT), and family history of diabetes mellitus (DM).

A simple T2DM risk calculator was generated based on non-laboratory parameters. A scale with the best quality included waist circumference >95 cm, HT history, and family history of T2DM (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.71). The proposed 10-year risk score of T2DM represents a simple, non-invasive, and reliable tool for identifying individuals at a high risk of future T2DM.
The fourth chromosome smallest in the genome of Drosophila melanogaster differs from other chromosomes in many ways. It has high repeat density in conditions of a large number of active genes. Gray bands represent a significant part of this polytene chromosome. Specific proteins including HP1a, POF, and dSETDB1 establish the epigenetic state of this unique chromatin domain.

In order to compare maps of localization of genes, bands, and chromatin types of the fourth chromosome, we performed FISH analysis of 38 probes chosen according to the model of four chromatin types. It allowed clarifying the dot chromosome cytological map consisting of 16 loose gray bands, 11 dense black bands, and 26 interbands.

We described the relation between chromatin states and bands. Open aquamarine chromatin mostly corresponds to interbands and it contains 5′UTRs of housekeeping genes. Their coding parts are embedded in gray bands substantially composed of lazurite chromatin of intermediate compaction. Polygenic black bands contain most of dense ruby chromatin, and also some malachite and lazurite. Having an accurate map of the fourth chromosome bands and its correspondence to physical map, we found that DNase I hypersensitivity sites, ORC2 protein, and P–elements are mainly located in open aquamarine chromatin, while element 1360, characteristic of the fourth chromosome, occupies band chromatin types. POF and HP1a proteins providing special organization of this chromosome are mostly located in aquamarine and lazurite chromatin. In general, band organization of the fourth chromosome shares the features of the whole Drosophila genome.
In this work we study a 4D Qflow scanning protocol used in medical magnetic resonance imaging.

Post-processing of the DICOM images acquired from the MR scanner allows one to reconstruct time-dependent three-dimensional velocity field.

We show that with MR velocimetry it is possible to determine whether it exists and study the swirling (helical) characteristics of the flow in a tube modelling a blood flow in circulation vessels.
The recently developed Doppler spectroscopy diagnostic has been used to evaluate the height of the ambipolar potential barrier forming in the gas dynamic trap (GDT) plasma between the central cell and the region with a large magnetic expansion ratio beyond the mirror.

The diagnostic technique based on the gas jet charge exchange target, allowed to measure the potential profile along the line of sight covering the radial range from the axis to the limiter.

The on-axis potential drop was found to be $2.6 \div 3.1$ in units of the central plane electron temperature, which supports the existing theoretical understanding of suppression of electron thermal conductivity in the GDT expander.
Purpose. We describe an original saber discovered in Samarkand in 1969 during construction work in an old building. Presently, the saber is stored in a private collection. We determine the attribution and the time period for this sample of a long-blade weapon based on its features and available examples. Results. The saber features a sharp-triangle blade made of welded bulat “damask” and a bronze handle with a short C-style guard crowned with images of “dragons” and pommels in the form of the head of a bird of prey (possibly a falcon). The full length of the saber measures 91.0 cm with the length of the blade measuring 79.5 cm; width/thickness at the handle is 32.5 / 7.8 mm, in the middle – 28.8 / 5.6 mm, at 10 mm from the point – 10.0 / 2.6 mm; the hilt length – 14.3 cm (handle length – 11.5). The surface of the handle is adorned with three circles grouped as a triangle. The hilt weighs 350 g, the total weight of the saber being 1015 g. Conclusion. Most likely, the saber was made in Middle Asia between 15th – 17th centuries. The so called “Timur’s tamga” (three circles grouped as a triangle) could have been added either in the 15th century, or later (in the latter case, with the purpose of increasing its commercial value). It is less probable that the saber or its handle were produced in the Indian domains of the Babourides, who were descendants of Amir Timur, during the 16th – 17th centuries. The saber is a sufficiently rare example of a certain South-Asian influence on the array of arms used by warriors of Mā warāʼ an-Nahr during the late Middle Ages or early modern times. Due to few authentic samples of long-blade weapons from this period available to scientists, this specimen has a high scientific value.
A recent lower bound on the number of edges in a k-critical n-vertex graph by Kostochka and Yancey yields a half-page proof of the celebrated Gr"otzsch Theorem that every planar triangle-free graph is 3-colorable.

In this paper we use the same bound to give short proofs of other known theorems on 3-coloring of planar graphs

We also prove the new result that every graph obtained from a triangle-free planar graph by adding a vertex of degree at most four is 3-colorable.
In Eastern Transbaikalia the gold–bismuth mineralization occurs in several large gold deposits (Darasun, Sredne-Golgotayskoe, Umunskoe, etc.). Its age in relation to magmatism has not been constrained yet.

This study explores in details the mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of gold–bismuth mineralization in comparison with the other deposits in Transbaikalia.

Analysis of geology, as well as geochemical and isotopic studies show that gold–bismuth mineralization can be spatially and genetically linked with the formation of magmatic rocks of the Porphyry Complex of Late Jurassic age.
Here, we report the study of a new multichannel DNA fluorescent base analogue 3-hydroxychromone (3HC) to evaluate its suitability as a fluorescent reporter probe of structural transitions during protein-DNA interactions and its comparison with the current commercially available 2-aminopurine (aPu), pyrrolocytosine (Cpy) and 1,3-diaza-2-oxophenoxazine (tCO).

For this purpose, fluorescent base analogues were incorporated into DNA helix on the opposite or on the 5′-side of the damaged nucleoside 5,6-dihydrouridine (DHU), which is specifically recognized and removed by Endonuclease VIII. These fluorophores demonstrated different sensitivities to the DNA helix conformational changes.

The highest sensitivity and the most detailed information about the conformational changes of DNA induced by protein binding and processing were obtained using the 3HC probe. The application of this new artificial fluorescent DNA base is a very useful tool for the studies of complex mechanisms of protein-DNA interactions. Using 3HC biosensor, the kinetic mechanism of Endonuclease VIII action was specified.
Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the world. Clinical data show that 5-year survival rate of early-stage CRC postoperative patients is around 90%. However, most of CRC patients were diagnosed at advanced stage due to its asymptomatic and poor diagnostic techniques. Early screening is an effective way to reduce the morbidity and mortality. So, it is necessary to develop low-cost, less invasive, high-sensitivity, and high-specificity screening methods for early diagnosis of CRC and its progression. The study aims to assess erythrocyte membrane fatty acids (FA) as the potential biomarkers for detection of early-stage from healthy controls and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: Erythrocyte membrane FA from 95 patients (56 + 8 years old) with colorectal adenocarcinoma and 28 healthy people (the control group) were measured using an accelerated solvent extraction and analyzed by GC/MS system triple quad Agilent 7000B (USA). Tumors were further classified into early stage (stage I or II, n = 44) and advanced stage (stage III or IV, n = 51) based on TNM classification. Results: Erythrocyte membrane levels of C14:0 (p < 0.03), C15:0 (p < 0.04), C17:0 (p < 0.02), the sum of saturated FA (p < 0.03), C16:1 (p < 0.04), the sum of monounsaturated FA (p < 0.01), C18:2 (p < 0.01), omega-6/omega-3 (p < 0,01) in early stage CRC patients were significantly decreased compared with healthy controls, whereas the levels of C20:0 (p < 0.01), C20:2, (p < 0.01), C20:3 (p < 0.001), C20:4 (p < 0.001), C22:4 (p < 0.001), C22:5 (p < 0.001), C22:6 (p < 0.001) and the sum of all unsaturated FA (p < 0,03) were significantly higher than those from the controls. CRC progression was accompanied by decrease in the content of saturated, monounsaturated as well as by increase polyunsaturated fatty acids (p < 0.001-0.05). Elevated levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids as structural components of membranes reflect a high level of their instability, which is probably associated with the process of tumor proliferation. In contrast, a decrease in the level of saturated fatty acids may be due to their consumption as an energy substrate for rapid metabolism which is necessary for tumor growth. As saturated FA do not require creation of a double bond within the beta-oxidation process it allows them for an accelerated energy production. The panel, containing the FA - C17:0, C16:1, C18:2, C20:4, C22:5, C22:6 - achieved an excellent diagnostic performance when comparing early stage patients with healthy controls with an AUC of 0.959, a sensitivity of 86.5%, and a specificity of 96.2%. A combination of C16:0, C18:1;t9, C18:3, C20:2, C20:4, C20:5, C22:5, C22:6 showed the best diagnostic ability when comparing the late stage CRC patients with early stages (AUC 0.871, sensitivity of 82.7%, specificity of 80.8%. Conclusion: Erythrocyte levels of the fatty acids should be considered as the promising biomarkers for detecting of early stages of CRC and the progression of the disease.