Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
The existence of spiral structures was directly confirmed experimentally on the basis of 3D Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) measurements both in a strongly swirling non-reacting jet and in a fuel-lean premixed methane-air flame. Flows were characterized by the presence of vortex breakdown and precession of the vortex core. The differences in magnitude and spatial distribution of flow eigenmodes with distance from the nozzle are analyzed by using Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) based on Spatial Fourier Transform over azimuthal coordinate. The analysis of flow eigenmodes reveal that for a high-swirl isothermal jet, the vortex core co-existed with the pair of counter-rotating helical vortices, which were located in outer shear layer and inside the recirculation zone. This double-vortex helical structure was also detected in a swirling flame, but its magnitude was suppressed compared with isothermal flow. It was determined that the change in the shape of the chemical reaction area was associated with two types of large-scale coherent structures: nearly axisymmetric mode m = 0 of the flame front deformation, presumably due to the effect of buoyancy forces on the combustion products, and the quasi-solid rotation of the asymmetric global mode |m| = 1 in the form of double-vortex structure due to precession of the swirling flow. It was shown that the energy of the axisymmetric mode m = 0 in a reacting jet increased downstream by almost 10 %, unlike other modes, whose energy was only diminished.
For the numerical solution of the Navier-Stokes equations, written in an integral form, an implicit of finite-volume algorithm is proposed, which is a generalization of previously proposed differences schemes. Using the integral form of equations allowed to ensure its conservatism, and the technology of splitting — the economy of the algorithm. The numerical test of the algorithm on the exact solution, in problems about the viscosity flow in the cavern with a moving lid and the current of the heated walls of the channel, confirmed the sufficient accuracy of the algorithm and its effectiveness. The work is presented in the issue of the memory of Prof. Yu.Ya. Belov
Para-Hydrogen Induced Polarization (PHIP) experiments were performed in coupled multispin systems at variable magnetic fields. We studied the magnetic field dependence of PHIP in styrene, which is the product of hydrogenation of phenylacetylene. At low magnetic fields where the spins are coupled strongly by scalar interaction efficient polarization transfer among the interacting protons takes place. The experimentally observed spectra are in good agreement with the simulation, which takes into account eight coupled spins. We also demonstrate effects of nuclear spin level anti-crossings on the PHIP pattern. It is shown that rapid passage through the level anti-crossing enables highly efficient polarization transfer between specific spin orders. In addition, we studied PHIP transfer to 13 C and 19 F hetero-nuclei. It is shown that hetero-nuclei can be efficiently polarized in a wide field range; in particular, for polarizing them it is not necessary to go to ultra-low fields, which provide their strong coupling to protons. The resulting polarization is of the multiplet type and gives strong enhancements of the individual NMR lines. In general, variation of the magnetic field gives the opportunity for manipulating PHIP patterns and transferring polarization to target spins of choice.
In the BFKL approach, discontinuities of multiple production amplitudes in invariant masses of produced particles are discussed. It turns out that they are in evident contradiction with the BDS ansatz for $n$-gluon amplitudes in the planar $N$=4 SYM at $n\ge 6$. An explicit expression for the NLO discontinuity of the two-to-four amplitude in the invariant mass of two produced gluons is is presented.
The first report on Spin Labeled NMP (SL-NMP) is highlighted by the preparation of PS-end labelled trityl radicalviaNMP.
Currently, the existing regulations regarding the temperature of coolant focusses on the daily average outdoor temperature, and the determination of a 'normative' demand for heat energy. On any day of the heating period, this demand is a random variable, whose distribution can be described through the distribution of daily average air temperature.

In our model, heat energy is paid for at a fixed price, and the concessionaire pays a penalty for each unit of unsatisfied normative demand. The price and penalty values are the concession parameters, and are determined by the concedent. The concedent's goal is to minimise the thermal energy cost; the concessionaire's purpose is to maximise profit. The interaction is formalised as a two-move game model. First, the concedent determines the price and the value of the penalty. Then the concessionaire selects the capacity to be created. The concession's parameters should be set so that the individual rationality and incentive compatibility conditions are met.

Our results prove the existence of Stackelberg equilibrium, and we derive the relevant formulas for computing its parameters. In equilibrium, the optimum capacity for the concessionaire provides a sufficient probability of meeting demand. The price of thermal energy is minimal under this condition. We also formulate a one-parameter model (thermal energy price as a parameter), which is based on a typical concession scheme. In the two-parameter model, the equilibrium capacity and price do not exceed the corresponding parameters of the one-parameter model. The main advantage of the two-parameter model is an 'embedded' economic mechanism that prevents the concessionaire's opportunistic behaviour. By contrast, in the one-parameter model there is no such mechanism. The proposed approach can be applied to a concession for the production of any good or service, provided the concerned parties are interested in the availability and reliability of meeting a corresponding need, which may be described as a random variable. However, typical concession schemes do not penalise unsatisfied demand, so the implementation of our two-parametric model is possible only after modification of the pertinent concession legislation.
We discuss the infinitesimal bending of curves and knots in [Formula: see text]. A brief overview of the results on the infinitesimal bending of curves is outlined. Change of the Willmore energy, as well as of the Möbius energy under infinitesimal bending of knots is considered. Our visualization tool devoted to visual representation of infinitesimal bending of knots is presented.
Nurr1, a transcription factor belonging to the family of nuclear receptors, is expressed at high levels immediately after birth. Gene-targeted mice lacking Nurr1 fail to develop midbrain dopaminergic neurones and do not survive beyond 24 h after birth. Dopamine (DA) levels may be regulated by Nurr1, and as DA is involved in both central and peripheral respiratory control, we hypothesized that lack of Nurr1 may impair breathing and cause death by respiratory failure. We demonstrate herein that Nurr1 newborn knockout mice have a severely disturbed breathing pattern characterized by hypoventilation, numerous apnoeas and failure to increase breathing when challenged with hypoxia. In heterozygote Nurr1 mice the response to hypoxia is also altered. Furthermore, the central respiratory rhythm, generated from isolated brainstem-spinal cord preparations, exhibits impaired response to hypoxia in mice lacking Nurr1. Moreover, Nurr1 is expressed in several respiratory-related regions of the nervous system, including the nucleus of the solitary tract, the nucleus ambiguus and the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve, and in the carotid bodies. The prominent Nurr1 expression in these areas, involved in respiratory control, along with the severe respiratory phenotype, indicates that Nurr1 plays a major role in the extrauterine adaption of respiratory control and the response to hypoxia.
Three-wave interactions between Langmuir and electromagnetic waves in plasma with unstable electron flows are believed to be the main cause for type II and III solar radio emissions. The narrow band of type II bursts requires to assume that this radiation is generated in some local regions of shock fronts traveling in the solar corona, where the specific conditions for the enhancement of electromagnetic emissions near the plasma frequency harmonics are created. The reason for such enhancement at the second harmonic may be the formation of counter-streaming electron beams. There are different opinions in literature on whether the second harmonic electromagnetic emission in the presence of an additional beam can be efficient enough to markedly dominate emissions produced by a single beam.

In the present paper, we carry out particle-in-cell simulations of the collision of two symmetric electron beams in plasma with open boundary conditions

and show that the efficiency of beam-to-radiation power conversion can be significantly increased compared to models with periodic boundary conditions and reach the level of a few percent if three-wave interactions with electromagnetic waves near the second harmonic of the plasma frequency becomes available for the most unstable oblique beam driven modes.
The article observes the main provisions of the clinical recommendations for prevention, anesthesia and intensive care for postpartum hemorrhage. The main risk factors, possible complications, principles of clinical and laboratory diagnosis in this pathology are consistently presented.

Particular attention is paid to issues of infusion, transfusion therapy and correction of coagulopathic disorders. The problems of estimating the amount of blood loss, diagnosing disorders of the hemostatic system, regulation of hemodynamics in hemorrhagic shock are discussed.

The use of recombinant coagulation factors in coagulopathy on the background of massive blood loss has been substantiated.
Background . Nonspecific immunosuppressive therapy for graft rejection and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is often accompanied by severe side effects such as opportunistic infections and cancers. Several approaches have been developed to suppress transplantation reactions using tolerogenic cells, including induction of FoxP3 + Tregs with antigen-loaded dendritic cells (DCs) and induction of CD4 + IL-10 + cells with interleukin IL-10-producing DCs. Here, we assessed the effectiveness of both approaches in the suppression of graft rejection and GVHD.

Methods . IL-10-producing DCs were generated by the transfection of DCs with DNA constructs encoding mouse IL-10. Antigen-loaded DCs from C57BL/6 mice were generated by transfection with DNA constructs encoding antigenic determinants from the H2 locus of CBA mice which differ from the homologous antigenic determinants of C57BL/6 mice.

Results . We found that both IL-10-producing DCs and antigen-loaded immature DCs could suppress graft rejection and GVHD but through distinct nonspecific and antigen-specific mechanisms, respectively. Discussion . We provide data that the novel approach for DCs antigen loading using DNA constructs encoding distinct homologous determinants derived from major histocompatibility complex genes is effective in antigen-specific suppression of transplantation reactions. Such an approach eliminates the necessity of donor material use and may be useful in immunosuppressive therapy side effects prevention.
A magnetic-separating system is designed to produce polarized molecular high-density beams of H2/D2. The distribution of the magnetic field inside the aperture of the multipole magnet was calculated using the Mermaid software package. The calculation showed that the characteristic value of the magnetic field is 40 kGs, the field gradient is about 60 kGs/cm. A numerical calculation of the trajectories of the motion of molecules with different spin projections in this magnetic system is performed. The article discusses the possibility of using the magnetic system designed for the creation of a high-intensity source of polarized molecules. The expected intensity of this source is calculated. The expected flux of molecules focused in the receiver tube is 3.5·1016 mol/s for the hydrogen molecule and 2.0·1015 mol/s for the deuterium molecule.
The present paper compares the flow structure and flame dynamics during combustion of methane and syngas in a model gas-turbine swirl burner. The burner is based on a design by Turbomeca. The fuel is supplied through injection holes between the swirler blades to provide well-premixed combustion, or fed as a central jet from the swirler’s centerbody to increase flame stability via a pilot flame. The measurements of flow structure and flame front are performed by using the stereo particle image velocimetry and OH planar laser-induced fluorescence methods. The measurements are performed for the atmospheric pressure without preheating and for 2 atm with the air preheated up to 500 K. The flow Reynolds numbers for the non-reacting flows at these two conditions are 1.5 × 103 and 1.0 × 103, respectively. The flame dynamics are analyzed based on a high-speed OH* chemiluminescence imaging. It is found that the flame dynamics at elevated conditions are related with frequent events of flame lift-off and global extinction, followed by re-ignition. The analysis of flow structure via the proper orthogonal decomposition reveals the presence of two different types of coherent flow fluctuations, namely, longitudinal and transverse instability modes. The same procedure is applied to the chemiluminescence images for visualization of bulk movement of the flame front and similar spatial structures are observed. Thus, the longitudinal and transverse instability modes are found in all cases, but for the syngas at the elevated pressure and temperature the longitudinal mode is related to strong thermoacoustic fluctuations. Therefore, the present study demonstrates that a lean syngas flame can become unstable at elevated pressure and temperature conditions due to a greater flame propagation speed, which results in periodic events of flame flash-back, extinction and re-ignition. The reported data is also useful for the validation of numerical simulation codes for syngas flames.
The 9p21.3 chromosomal region is a marker of the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

The aim of this study was to analyze single-nucleotide polymorphism rs1333049 (chr9:22125504) in the population of Western Siberia (Russia) and possible associations with clinical and biochemical parameters. The population included in the analyses was selected from a sample surveyed within the framework of the Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial Factors In Eastern Europe (HAPIEE) study (9360 participants, >90% white, aged 45–69, males: 50%). In total, 2729 randomly selected patients were included. Plasma lipid levels were determined by standard enzymatic assays. Rs1333049 was analyzed by RT-PCR (BioLabMix, Russia). Frequencies of rs1333049 genotypes C/C (homozygote), C/G (heterozygote), and G/G were 0.22, 0.51, and 0.27 in this population. The Allele G frequency was 0.53.

We found an association of allele G with total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels among male participants (p = 0.004 and p = 0.002, respectively). Allele C was significantly associated with the risk of myocardial infarction among the male participants (odds ratio 1.96, 95% confidence interval 1.14–3.38, p = 0.017) and the study population (odds ratio 1.83, 95% confidence interval 1.23–2.72, p = 0.004). Thus, rs1333049 is associated with myocardial infarction in the white population of Western Siberia (Russia).
A find of coesite in a kyanite graphite-diamond-bearing eclogite xenolith from the Udachnaya-Vostochnaya kimberlite pipe is described in this paper.

The coesite relics were found in intensely fractured garnet indicating some influence of the kimberlite melt, which is supported by the typical secondary mineral assemblage around this inclusion.

These data indicate that shallower diamond-free coesite rocks (2,7 GPa) underwent metamorphism distinct from diamond-bearing coesite eclogites (~4 GPa). The metasomatic alteration of rock interacting with C-O-H fluid during diamond crystallization may be another possible reason for the missing coesite in diamond-bearing xenoliths.
One of the main problems in comparative studying animal behavior is searching for an adequate mathematical method for evaluating the similarities and differences between behavioral patterns. This study aims to propose a new tool to evaluate ethological differences between species. We developed the new compression-based method for the homogeneity testing and classification to investigate hunting behavior of small mammals. A distinction of this approach is that it belongs to the framework of mathematical statistics and allows one to compare the structural characteristics of any texts in pairwise comparisons. To validate a new method, we compared the hunting behaviors of different species of small mammals as ethological “texts.” To do this, we coded behavioral elements with different letters. We then tested the hypothesis whether the behavioral sequences of different species as “texts” are generated either by a single source or by different ones. Based on association coefficients obtained from pairwise comparisons, we built a new classification of types of hunting behaviors, which brought a unique insight into how particular elements of hunting behavior in rodents changed and evolved. We suggest the compression-based method for homogeneity testing as a relevant tool for behavioral and evolutionary analysis.
The majority of neuronal proteins involved in cellular signaling undergo different posttranslational modifications significantly affecting their functions. One of these modifications is a covalent attachment of a 16-C palmitic acid to one or more cysteine residues (S-palmitoylation) within the target protein. Palmitoylation is a reversible modification, and repeated cycles of palmitoylation/depalmitoylation might be critically involved in the regulation of multiple signaling processes.

This review summarizes the current knowledge on the palmitoylation of neurotransmitter receptors and its role in the regulation of receptors functions as well as in the control of different kinds of physiological and pathological behavior.

Palmitoylation also represents a common posttranslational modification of the neurotransmitter receptors, including G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and ligand-gated ion channels (LICs). From the functional point of view, palmitoylation affects a wide span of neurotransmitter receptors activities including their trafficking, sorting, stability, residence lifetime at the cell surface, endocytosis, recycling, and synaptic clustering.
ABSTRACT Ants and termites have independently evolved obligate fungus-farming mutualisms, but their gardening procedures are fundamentally different, as the termites predigest their plant substrate whereas the ants deposit it directly on the fungus garden. Fungus-growing termites retained diverse gut microbiota, but bacterial gut communities in fungus-growing leaf-cutting ants have not been investigated, so it is unknown whether and how they are specialized on an exclusively fungal diet. Here we characterized the gut bacterial community of Panamanian Acromyrmex species, which are dominated by only four bacterial taxa: Wolbachia , Rhizobiales , and two Entomoplasmatales taxa. We show that the Entomoplasmatales can be both intracellular and extracellular across different gut tissues, Wolbachia is mainly but not exclusively intracellular, and the Rhizobiales species is strictly extracellular and confined to the gut lumen, where it forms biofilms along the hindgut cuticle supported by an adhesive matrix of polysaccharides. Tetracycline diets eliminated the Entomoplasmatales symbionts but hardly affected Wolbachia and only moderately reduced the Rhizobiales , suggesting that the latter are protected by the biofilm matrix. We show that the Rhizobiales symbiont produces bacterial NifH proteins that have been associated with the fixation of nitrogen, suggesting that these compartmentalized hindgut symbionts alleviate nutritional constraints emanating from an exclusive fungus garden diet reared on a substrate of leaves.
The GeneNet database is designed for accumulation of information on gene networks. Original technology applied in GeneNet enables description of not only a gene network structure and functional relationships between components, but also metabolic and signal transduction pathways.

Specialised software, GeneNet Viewer, automatically displays the graphical diagram of gene networks described in the database. Information distributed between 14 interlinked tables was obtained by annotating 968 scientific publications.

Current release 3.0 of GeneNet database contains descriptions of 25 gene networks, 945 proteins, 567 genes, 151 other substances and 1364 relationships between components of gene networks. The SRS-version of GeneNet database is freely available (http://wwwmgs.bionet.nsc.ru/mgs/systems/genenet/).
Aim of the study was to investigate the associations of leptin levels with cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight young people. Material and methods. From a representative sample of the young population of the Oktyabrsky district of Novosibirsk at the age of 25–35 years (636 people), all overweight people (196 persons) and people with normal body weight (control group 197 persons) were chosen for determination of serum leptin (393 people). Study design – case-control. Overweight was determined according to body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m 2 . Leptin levels were determined by immunofluorescence analysis (IFA) using Elisa test systems (Diagnostics Biochem Canada Inc., Canada) on an IFA analyzer Multiscan EX (Finland). For calculations, the median and interquartile range were used (Me [25; 75]). Results . Leptin level in the study group with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m 2 was 4 times higher than in the control group (17.0 [8.6; 36.9] and 4.4 [1.5; 13,1] ng/ml, respectively). The indicators of risk factors in leptin content quartiles were analyzed: it was found that in men and women included in leptin Q4the waist circumference, hip circumference, BMI, blood pressure, triglyceride content were more than in Q1; they also showed an increase in the frequency of metabolic syndrome and a decrease in the level of high-density cholesterol. In addition, in men, in contrast to women, leptin Q4 showed an increase in total cholesterol and low-density cholesterol level. According to the ROC analysis, all studied anthropometric parameters reflecting overweight were associated with a high level of blood leptin, and the maximum associations were found between obesity grade II (BMI more than 35 kg/m 2 ) and normal body weight – area under ROC curve 0.91, p < 0.001. The threshold value of the leptin level for detecting MS in men is 6.5 ng/ml, in women 25.8 ng/ml. Conclusions . Serum leptin levels are associated with cardiometabolic risk factors and metabolic syndrome in young population, and leptin levels above 6.5 ng/ml in men and 25.8 ng/ml in women are characteristic of individuals with metabolic syndrome.