Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
A review of the literature on the use of thermal power plants (TPPs) in the production of asphalt concrete was conducted. The advantages and disadvantages of asphalt concrete coatings are analyzed. According to experts, the reason lies in the violation of construction technology. And, in principle, the topics of ensuring compliance with construction standards and legislative regulation are among the most relevant in the construction of roads in Kazakhstan.

The features of the use of asphalt-resin-paraffin waste from oil fields and ash of the Kyzylorda thermal power plant as part of asphalt concrete in road construction are considered. The construction of the pavement with the use of asphalt concrete based on the composite binder system 'Bitumen - asphalt concrete-tar-paraffin waste (ARPW) - TPP ash' has been developed.

Due to the stratification of the concrete mixture, the cement milk will be separated from the coarse aggregate, so the upper layer, which experiences the main loads and impacts from the wheels of cars, turned out to be without the main coarse aggregate. This subsequently led to its rapid wear and the formation of a rut. Cement concrete coating with all the positive aspects described below and obvious, and here, too, there are disadvantages of these types of coating, it is not the inability to open traffic immediately after the completion of construction and the need for expansion joints. The author reveals not only the advantages of asphalt concrete coatings, but also the disadvantage of asphalt mixtures in practical use in highways.
The work is devoted to one of the approaches of wells modeling within numerical oil reservoir simulation.The approach can be consider as fictitious domain method at mixed finite element approximation, which is used for non-stationary filtration processes of two phase fluid in Bukley -Leverett problem.The numerical results are compared with the results for the problem with usual Neumann conditions at the wells boundaries.
The Italian locust is a common species and one of the most important pest in the steppes, semi-deserts, and deserts of Central and Southwestern Asia and also in the Mediterranean Region. The aim of this paper is to discuss some problems arising from studies of eco-geographical distribution and long-term dynamics of this species, especially in the southern part of West Siberia, and their consequences for management of pest species and rare forms. Peculiarities of the Italian locust populations’ distribution and long-term dynamics are discussed for the north-eastern part of the species range (south-eastern West Siberian Plain, North-East and, partly, East Kazakhstan). Notable differences between local populations are revealed. Some issues arising from results of insecticide experimental treatments (mainly effectiveness of barrier applications with different compounds in variable environment) and ecological association between the Italian locust and rare Orthoptera are also discussed. Some suggestions as to requirements for improved monitoring, supervision, control, and forecasting of the Italian locust populations’ distribution and dynamics are also provided.
As recently revealed, chirped dissipative solitons (DSs) generated in a long cavity fiber laser are subject to action of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS). Here we present theoretical and experimental study of the DS formation and evolution in the presence of strong SRS. The results demonstrate that the rising noisy Raman pulse (RP) acts not only as an additional channel of the energy dissipation destroying DS, but on the contrary can support it that results in formation of a complex of the bound DS and RP of comparable energy and duration. In the complex, the DS affords amplification of the RP, whereas the RP stabilizes the DS via temporal-spectral filtering. Stable 25 nJ SRS-driven chirped DS pulses are generated in all-fiber ring laser cavities with lengths of up to 120 m. The DS with duration up to 70 ps can be externally dechirped to <300 fs thus demonstrating the record compression factor.
The program system of the management of assessment tools for educational process described in the article. The system reduces the time that the teacher spends on the preparation of test materials, allowing you to create a set of assessment documents in a semi-automatic mode. The system implements the ability to create and manage task banks. Each task in the bank has a set of attributes that are involved in the process of generating assessment documents.

The system also implements the ability to automatically generate the required number of variants of the assessment documents. At the same time, the algorithm for generating a set of assessment documents works in such a way that, on the one hand, one set includes the most similar variants of assessment documents in structure, and on the other hand, each assessment document in the set is unique. The algorithm for generating a set of assessment documents is based on the clustering algorithm for categorical data. In this paper a modification of the CLOPE algorithm was submitted, which allows you to automatically determine the required number of clusters, depending on the input data. Also, this modification solves the problem of small clusters and the problem of categorical clustering of numerical attributes. The paper also describes an iterative algorithm for the generation of a set of assessment documents.
Quantitative metabolomic analysis was performed for eleven tissues of freshwater fish pike-perch ( Sander lucioperca ), including gill, heart, liver, kidney, spleen, muscle, brain, milt, lens, aqueous (AH) and vitreous (VH) humors with the use of NMR spectroscopy. The absolute values of concentrations were determined for more than 65 most abundant metabolites in every tissue. It was found that from the metabolomic viewpoint, kidney and gill are the most similar tissues, while the metabolomic compositions of ocular tissues—lens, AH, and VH significantly differ from that of other tissues. The combinations of intracellular osmolytes and antioxidants are specific for every tissue. In particular, the concentration of antioxidant ovothiol A in the lens is much higher than in any other tissue, while the brain enjoys the elevated level of ascorbate. The most abundant osmolyte in the fish spleen, muscle, and heart is taurine, and in the brain, gill, and lens— myo -inositol. Other important osmolytes specific for particular tissues are N -acetyl-histidine, N -acetyl-aspartate, betaine, threonine-phosphoethanolamine, and serine-phosphoethanolamine. The quantitative data obtained in the present work can be used as the baseline metabolite concentrations in the fish tissues to evaluate the influence of seasonal, ecological and other factors on the fish metabolism.
Non-compaction cardiomyopathy (NCM) is a rare heart disease characterized by a two-layered ventricular wall, comprising a thinner compact epicardial layer and an inner non-compacted layer. However, only structural and morphological data without a thorough clinical assessment does not determine the NCM (regardless of the diagnostic criterion used). Aim . To study the NCM-related genes, phenotypic and genetic correlations, predictors of life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmias (VTA) and adverse clinical outcomes. Material and methods . Of 93 individuals with identified morphological criteria of NCM (median follow-up, 5 years), the study included 60 unrelated patients (38,5±13,8 years of age; men, 33 (55%); left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), 42,1±12,9%) with clinical verification of NCM (>1 obligate phenotypic trait). Adverse cardiovascular events were taken as the composite end point: life-threatening VTA, death, heart transplantation. Results . Pathogenic (or probably pathogenic) mutations were detected in 33 (55%) patients with NCM. The most common variants (57,9%) were identified in the sarcomere protein genes (TTN, MYBPC3, MYH7); digenic mutations were found in 21,6% of patients. Digenic mutations were associated with low LVEF and the highest risk of systolic dysfunction (OR, 38; 95% CI, 4,74-305; p=0,0001). Multivariate regression provided a predictive model (R=0,90; R2=0,81; F (5,41) =34,8; p<0,0001) and independent predictors of adverse clinical outcomes of NCM (genetic cause of the disease (pathogenic mutation), LV systolic dysfunction, myocardial fibrosis in 2 or more ventricular segments, and QRS prolongation. Regression and ROC-analysis identified electrical predictors of life-threatening VTA (fragmented QRS, QT prolongation, spatial QRS-T angle increase) and morphofunctional markers (myocardial fibrosis, systolic dysfunction). Conclusion . The study revealed a significant clinical and genetic heterogeneity of NCM with predominant mutations in the sarcomeric protein genes and determined the criteria for identification and prognosis of NCM.
An overview of recent experimental results on instability and dynamics of jets at low Reynolds numbers is given. Round and plane, macro and micro jets are under the consideration. Basic features of their evolution affected by initial conditions at the nuzzle outlet and environmental perturbations are demonstrated.
A silicon subwavelengh terahertz axicon has been designed, fabricated, and investigated by methods of numerical and optical experiments.

The research has been performed on a free-electron laser workstation NOVOFEL (Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics of SB RAS, Novosibirsk).

Diffractive and polarization features of realized element have been investigated.
South American histricognath rodents Thrichomys apereoides laurentius and Thrichomys pachyurus are natural hosts of Trypanosoma cruzi, agent of Chagas disease.

We established breeding colonies of these species to serve as experimental models in various parasitological studies. Both species of Thrichomys have all the requirements necessary to become excellent laboratory models: they can be easily maintained in the standard laboratory conditions and breed throughout the year and they do not have any special dietary demands and can be fed by standard food pellets designed for laboratory mice.

Both species produce precocious offspring that have their eyes and ears open, teeth erupted, fur well developed, and can eat solid food in the first week of life. T. a. laurentius has larger litter sizes and lower body masses at birth and weaning than T. pachyurus. Moreover, females of T. a. laurentius reach puberty earlier and with lower body mass than T. pachyurus.
Dual-frequency sub-Doppler spectroscopy (DF SDS) in vapor cells allows the detection of enhanced-absorption natural-line-width resonances.

We investigate here the application of this spectroscopy technique into a Cs micro-fabricated cell. The dependence of the sub-Doppler resonance on the laser intensity is described. The influence of the cell temperature and the retroreflection mirror position was also studied.

A preliminary laser beat-note between two 894 nm lasers, each stabilized using DF SDS, demonstrates an Allan deviation lower than 2 × 10 -12 at 1 s and at the level of 10 -12 at 10 2 . Main contributions to the short-term and mid-term stability budget are under study. Latest results will be reported at the conference.
With the full data sample of $772 \times 10^6$ $B{\bar B}$ pairs recorded by the Belle detector at the KEKB electron-positron collider, the decay $\bar{B} \rightarrow D^* \tau^- \bar{\nu}_\tau$ is studied with the hadronic $\tau$ decays $\tau^- \rightarrow \pi^- \nu_\tau$ and $\tau^- \rightarrow \rho^- \nu_\tau$. The $\tau$ polarization $P_\tau(D^*)$ in two-body hadronic $\tau$ decays is measured, as well as the ratio of the branching fractions $R(D^{*}) = \mathcal{B}(\bar {B} \rightarrow D^* \tau^- \bar{\nu}_\tau) / \mathcal{B}(\bar{B} \rightarrow D^* \ell^- \bar{\nu}_\ell)$, where $\ell^-$ denotes an electron or a muon. Our results, $P_\tau(D^*) = -0.38 \pm 0.51 {\rm (stat)} ^{+0.21}_{-0.16} {\rm (syst)}$ and $R(D^*) = 0.270 \pm 0.035{\rm (stat)} ^{+0.028}_{-0.025}{\rm (syst)}$, are consistent with the theoretical predictions of the Standard Model. The polarization values of $P_\tau(D^*) > +0.5$ are excluded at the 90\% confidence level.
Objective: to reveal ultrasonic features of of epithelial, dermal and vascular benign skin formations. Materials and methods. An ultrasonic study of 50 acantholytic nevuses, 50 acrochordons and 30 hemangiomas, which have an unambiguous clinical and dermatoscopic pattern and do not require differential diagnosis, was carried out. For the comparative evaluation of ultrasonic thickness and density of skin the ratio of scan indices in the lesion area relative to the indices in the adjacent healthy area of the skin was introduced. Results. On the scans of acantholytic nevus the formations that rose above the skin surface, with a nonuniform thickened, hyperechoic epidermis were visualized, in which hypoechoic round-shaped patches occur. A hypoechoic acoustic shadow was determined under the epidermis. On the scans of acrochordons the formations on a narrow base, which were located above the skin surface were visualized. In the region of formations, a discontinuous contour of epidermis with predominantly hyperechogenic areas was determined. Within the formations, the structure of the dermis is heterogeneous with the alternation of normoechoic and hypoechoic areas. Beneath the formation an epidermis structurally similar to the healthy skin epidermis is determined on the level of skin surface under which hypoechoic zone is visualized, which is an acoustic shadow. On the scans of hemangiomas the formations were visualized that rose above the skin surface, with a distinct lateral delimitation from the surrounding tissues. In the area of formations, the epidermis is non-uniformly thickened than healthy skin, hyperechoic round-shaped areas are visualized. Non-uniformly hypoechoic irregulary-shaped regions were determined in the dermis. Conclusion. All examined formations differ from healthy skin by increasing the thickness of the epidermis and dermis, as well as strengthening the overall acoustic solidity of the epidermis and decreasing the acoustic solidity of the dermis. The introduction of the ratio into practice makes it possible to quantify these changes. Moreover, each formation has a peculiar ultrasonic characteristic, allowing the use of pattern analysis for differential diagnosis between epithelial, dermal and vascular forms of benign skin formations.
These results are not compatible with the predictions based on the generalized factorization approach.

The data sample of 711 fb^{-1} used in this analysis corresponds to 772×10^{6} BB[over ¯] pairs, collected at the ϒ(4S) resonance by the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e^{+}e^{-} collider. We observe 19.8σ and 10.8σ excesses of events for the two decay modes and measure the branching fractions of B^{0}→pΛ[over ¯]D^{-} and B^{0}→pΛ[over ¯]D^{*-} to be (25.1±2.6±3.5)×10^{-6} and (33.6±6.3±4.4)×10^{-6}, respectively, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic.

We report the first observation of the decays B^{0}→pΛ[over ¯]D^{(*)-}. In addition, a threshold enhancement in the dibaryon (pΛ[over ¯]) system is observed, consistent with that observed in similar B decays.
Small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMC) are found about four times more frequently in subfertile compared to the general population. The reason for this finding is still unclear. However, a connection of interphase architecture and genome function is suggested. And as we found in a previous study the presence of sSMC influences the nuclear architecture of peripheral blood cells and fibroblasts, we hypothesized that sSMC could have similar effects in sperm cells possibly leading to infertility.

Here we applied for the first time 3-dimensional interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (3D-FISH) to characterize the position of an extra-chromosome with respect to its sister- and selected other chromosomes (6, 15, 18, 19, 21, X, and Y) in sperm. Two sSMC carrier brothers with the identical sSMC derived from chromosome 15 were studied. One of the brothers was fertile and the other brother was infertile.

Deviations from the normal positioning of chromosomes 21 and Y were seen in both brothers and for chromosomes 19 and X only in the infertile brother. Most striking were high rates of nullisomy and/or disomy for chromosomes 15, including sSMC (15), and 18 exclusively seen in the infertile brother. Overall, further evidence is provided that sSMC influence the nuclear architecture of a cell, including sperm. Further studies are necessary in sperm of fertile and infertile sSMC carriers to elaborate if the detected aneuploidy like that seen in the infertile brother is due to sSMC presence and disturbance of nuclear architecture.
Purpose This paper aims to make a preliminary estimate of the degree of integration in the US product market (widely acknowledged to be the most integrated among geographically large economies) as an upper bound of spatial integration that is practically achievable in markets covering fairly large territories. Design/methodology/approach The approach takes the form of an econometric model derived from the fact that local price of a tradable good should not be dependent on local demand under the law of “one price is a tool to measure market integration”. It is applied to data on the cost of a grocery basket and prices for three individual goods in 2000 across 29 US cities. Findings The regression results suggest that the US market is not perfectly integrated. Thus, the estimated degree of its integration can be deemed, indeed, as a feasible maximum. Applying this benchmark to the European part of Russia in 2000, its degree of market integration turns out to be comparable – by the order of magnitude – with the feasible one. The roles of a few factors that could potentially cause segmentation of the US market are estimated. Research limitations/implications The estimated degree of US market integration is crude because of the relatively small spatial sample. Further research has to substantially widen the spatial sample and estimate integration of the US market across a number of points in time. Originality/value The paper suggests a realistic benchmark standard for judging the extent of market integration in various (geographically large) economies.
Long-lived imbalances of spin state populations can circumvent fast quadrupolar relaxation by reducing effective longitudinal relaxation rates by about an order of magnitude. This opens new avenues for the study of dynamic processes in deuterated molecules. Here we present an analysis of the relaxation properties of deuterated methyl groups CD3. The number of coupled equations that describe cross-relaxation between the 27 symmetry-adapted spin states of a D3 system can be reduced to only 2 non-trivial "lumped modes" by (i) taking the sums of the populations of all states that equilibrate rapidly within each irreducible representation of the symmetry group, and (ii) by combining populations that have similar relaxation rates although they belong to different irreducible representations. The quadrupolar relaxation rates of the spin state imbalances in CD3 groups are determined not by the correlation time of overall tumbling of the molecule, but by the frequency of jumps of methyl groups about their three-fold symmetry axis. We access these states via dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (D-DNP), a method that allows one to populate the desired long-lived states at cryogenic temperatures and their subsequent detection at ambient temperatures after rapid dissolution. Experimental examples of DMSO-d6 and ethanol-d6 demonstrate that long-lived deuterium spin states are indeed accessible and that their lifetimes can be determined. Our analysis of the system via "lumped" modes allows us to visualize different possible spin-state populations of symmetry A, B, or E. Thus, we identify a long-lived spin state involving all three deuterons in a CD3 group as an A/E imbalance that can be populated through DNP at low temperatures.
We present the results of a Raman study of optical phonons in CuS nanocrystals (NCs) with a low areal density fabricated through the Langmuir–Blodgett technology on nanopatterned Au nanocluster arrays using a combination of surface- and interference-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS and IERS, respectively). Micro-Raman spectra of one monolayer of CuS NCs deposited on a bare Si substrate reveal only features corresponding to crystalline Si. However, a new relatively strong peak occurs in the Raman spectrum of CuS NCs on Au nanocluster arrays at 474 cm −1 . This feature is related to the optical phonon mode in CuS NCs and manifests the SERS effect. For CuS NCs deposited on a SiO 2 layer this phonon mode is also observed due to the IERS effect. Its intensity changes periodically with increasing SiO 2 layer thickness for different laser excitation lines and is enhanced by a factor of about 30. CuS NCs formed on Au nanocluster arrays fabricated on IERS substrates combine the advantages of SERS and IERS and demonstrate stronger SERS enhancement allowing for the observation of Raman signals from CuS NCs with an ultra-low areal density.
A Monte Carlo generator to simulate events of single-photon annihilation to hadrons at center-of-mass energies below 2 GeV is described. The generator is based on existing data on cross sections of various exclusive channels of e + e − annihilation obtained in scan and ISR experiments. It is extensively used in the software packages for analysis of experiments at the Novosibirsk e + e − colliders VEPP-2000 and VEPP-4M aimed at high-precision measurements of hadronic cross sections with different applications, e.g. to calculations of the hadronic vacuum polarization for the muon anomalous magnetic moment.
Skeletal muscle is the principal contributor to exercise-induced changes in human metabolism. Strikingly, although it has been demonstrated that a lot of metabolites accumulating in blood and human skeletal muscle during an exercise activate different signaling pathways and induce expression of many genes in working muscle fibres, the system understanding of signaling-metabolic pathways interrelations with downstream genetic regulation in the skeletal muscle is still elusive. Herein, a physiologically based computational model of skeletal muscle comprising energy metabolism, Ca 2+ and AMPK signalling pathways, and expression regulation of genes with early and delayed responses has been developed based on a modular modeling approach. The integrated modular model validated on diverse including original experimental data and different exercise modes provides a comprehensive in silico platform in order to decipher and track cause-effect relationships between metabolic, signaling and gene expression levels in the skeletal muscle.
LLSs are spin states, which are immune to dipolar relaxation, thus having lifetimes far exceeding the longitudinal relaxation times; the simplest example of an LLS is given by the singlet state of two coupled spins.

Magnetic field dependence of long-lived spin states (LLSs) of the β-CH2 protons of aromatic amino acids was studied. LLSs were created by means of the photo-chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization technique. The systems studied were amino acids, histidine and tyrosine, with different isotopomers. In addition, the effect of paramagnetic impurities on spin relaxation was studied; field dependencies of T1 and TLLS were measured.

For labeled amino acids with the α-CH and aromatic protons substituted by deuterium at low fields the LLS lifetime, TLLS, for the β-CH2 protons was more than 40 times longer than the T1-relaxation time. Upon increasing the number of protons the ratio TLLS/T1 was reduced; however, even in the fully protonated amino acids it was about 10; that is, the long-lived mode was still preserved in the system. LLSs were also formed in tyrosine-containing dyads; a TLLS/T1 ratio of ∼7 was found, usable for extending the spin polarization lifetime in such systems.