Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
The latter is one of the core nonlinear science models emerging in a range of applications.

We combine the nonlinear Fourier transform (NFT) signal processing with machine learning methods for solving the direct spectral problem associated with the nonlinear Schrödinger equation. Our focus is on the unexplored problem of computing the continuous nonlinear Fourier spectrum associated with decaying profiles, using a specially-structured deep neural network which we coined NFT-Net. The Bayesian optimisation is utilised to find the optimal neural network architecture.

The benefits of using the NFT-Net as compared to the conventional numerical NFT methods becomes evident when we deal with noise-corrupted signals, where the neural networks-based processing results in effective noise suppression. This advantage becomes more pronounced when the noise level is sufficiently high, and we train the neural network on the noise-corrupted field profiles. The maximum restoration quality corresponds to the case where the signal-to-noise ratio of the training data coincides with that of the validation signals. Finally, we also demonstrate that the NFT b-coefficient important for optical communication applications can be recovered with high accuracy and denoised by the neural network with the same architecture.
We performed direct numerical simulations (DNS) of the turbulent annular jet flow for the Reynolds number Re = 8900 with three different values of the inner-to-outer diameter ratio (a = d / D = 0.3, 0.5, 0.7). The time-averaged velocity fields and fluctuations were analyzed.

The low aspect ratio results in the shortest recirculation zone while for high a value the stagnation point features high level of turbulent kinetic energy. This is the evidence of the accompanying low-frequency oscillations of the recirculation zone.
A search is presented for pair production of long-lived neutral particles using $33\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of $\sqrt{\mathrm{s}}=13\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}$ proton--proton collision data, collected during 2016 by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. This search focuses on a topology in which one long-lived particle decays in the ATLAS inner detector and the other decays in the muon spectrometer. Special techniques are employed to reconstruct the displaced tracks and vertices in the inner detector and in the muon spectrometer. One event is observed that passes the full event selection, which is consistent with the estimated background. Limits are placed on scalar boson propagators with masses from 125 GeV to 1000 GeV decaying into pairs of long-lived hidden-sector scalars with masses from 8 GeV to 400 GeV. The limits placed on several low-mass scalars extend previous exclusion limits in the range of proper lifetimes $c\ensuremath{\tau}$ from 5 cm to 1 m.
standard single mode soliton perturbation theory predictions

observed and numerically studied in multimode GRIN fibers

High energy, ultra-short multimode soliton pulse fission is observed, showing complex dynamics bringing to multiple fundamental solitons that do not entirely follow standard single mode soliton perturbation theory predictions
A new metal–organic coordination polymer [Zn2(sedc)2(dabco)] (1se; sedc2− = selepophene-2,5-dicarboxylate; dabco = 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane) was synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. This MOF is based on {Zn2(OOCR)4N2} paddle wheels and is isoreticular to the family of [Zn2(bdc)2(dabco)] derivatives (1b; bdc2− = 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate) with pcu topology. The gas adsorption measurements revealed that 1se shows a 15% higher CO2 volumetric uptake at 273 K and 28% higher CO2 uptake at 298 K (both at 1 bar) compared to the prototypic framework 1b. Methane and nitrogen adsorption at 273 K was also investigated, and IAST calculations demonstrated a pronounced increase in CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2 selectivity for 1se, compared with 1b. For example, the selectivity factor for the equimolar CO2/CH4 gas mixture at 1 bar = 15.1 for 1se and 11.9 for 1b. The obtained results show a remarkable effect of the presence of selenium atom on the carbon dioxide affinity in the isoreticular metal–organic frameworks with very similar geometry and porosity.
The kernel machine-based regression is an efficient approach to region-based association analysis aimed at identification of rare genetic variants. However, this method is computationally complex. The running time of kernel-based association analysis becomes especially long for samples with genetic (sub) structures, thus increasing the need to develop new and effective methods, algorithms, and software packages. We have developed a new R-package called fast family-based sequence kernel association test (FFBSKAT) for analysis of quantitative traits in samples of related individuals. This software implements a score-based variance component test to assess the association of a given set of single nucleotide polymorphisms with a continuous phenotype. We compared the performance of our software with that of two existing software for family-based sequence kernel association testing, namely, ASKAT and famSKAT, using the Genetic Analysis Workshop 17 family sample. Results demonstrate that FFBSKAT is several times faster than other available programs. In addition, the calculations of the three-compared software were similarly accurate. With respect to the available analysis modes, we combined the advantages of both ASKAT and famSKAT and added new options to empower FFBSKAT users. The FFBSKAT package is fast, user-friendly, and provides an easy-to-use method to perform whole-exome kernel machine-based regression association analysis of quantitative traits in samples of related individuals. The FFBSKAT package, along with its manual, is available for free download at http://mga.bionet.nsc.ru/soft/FFBSKAT/.
Purpose. This article considers and analyzes certain features of armament and military science of the Siberian Tatar warriors, that are related to the time of campaign into Siberia of the Russian Cossacks troop under the command of ataman Ermak; these features were mentioned and researched according to data of the Russian Siberian chronicle sources by famous scientist, historian of the 18th Century, academician Gerhard Friedrich Müller. Results. It is pointed out, that several parts of the Siberian Tatar ruling elite were familiar with firearm and artillery action, and even tried unsuccessful to use artillery pieces, gained during a previous period in Kazan, against the Cossacks in the course of hostilities. However, there were no skilled artillerists among Siberian Tatars who could fire off their artillery pieces. Quite possibly, effective possession of firearms and artillery ensured the definite military superiority to the Cossacks at the time of military clashes with Siberian Tatar warriors during all time of the Cossack troop campaign into Siberia, led by ataman Ermak. Bitter disagreements and struggle for power, among different groups of Siberian Tatar nobility weaken its confronting of the Cossack troop. Gerhard Friedrich Müller drew on varied informative data, contained in the Russian Siberian annalistic historical sources, where it is described how the campaign of the Cossack troop, led by famous ataman Ermak, via mountain range of the Urals into Western Siberia to the territory of the Tatar Khanate of Siberia. That campaign took place upon the initiative of wealthy merchant clan of the Stroganovs. Conclusion. Several historical events are traced, that are related to the time of this campaign. Several substantive historical reasons are identified, including above all the dissociation among the Siberian Tatar elites, that did not allow to successfully confront the Cossacks in the struggle for preservation of the Tatar Khanate of Siberia.
Ciprofloxacin (CfH, C 17 H 18 FN 3 O 3 ) crystallizes with 2‐thiobarbituric (H 2 tba) and barbituric acid (H 2 ba) in the aqueous solution to yield salt CfH 2 (Htba)·3H 2 O ( 1 ), salt cocrystal CfH 2 (Hba)(H 2 ba)·3H 2 O ( 2 ), and salt CfH 2 (Hba)·H 2 O ( 3 ).

The compounds are structurally characterized by the X‐ray single‐crystal diffraction. The compounds have been characterized by powder X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetry/differential scanning calorimetry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.

The numerous intermolecular hydrogen bonds N–H⋯O and O–H⋯O formed by water molecules, Htba − /Hba − and CfH 2 + ions, and H 2 ba molecules stabilize the crystal structures of 1 to 3 . Hydrogen bonds form a 2D plane network in the salts of 1 and 3 and a 3D network in the salt cocrystal of 2 . There are different π‐π interactions in 1 to 3 . The compounds dehydration ends at 130°C to 150°C, and their oxidative decomposition is observed in the range of 250°C to 275°C.
The numerical simulation of the run-up of long surface waves on a plane slope is presented.

Using a method based on the combination of the TVD scheme and the SPH method the shallow water approximation is applied to the solution of the well known model problem of a run-up of a wave approaching from an area of constant depth towards a plane slope.

The numerical method has proved to be reliable and effective not only in the range of small amplitudes, but also outside of the theoretical limits of applicability of the shallow water theory, such as for the modelling of breaking waves.The qualitative and partially quantitative comparison with the results of numerical calculations of other authors are presented.The differences in the results caused by the differences in the numerical algorithms are highlighted.
СОВРЕМЕННОГО АНТРОПОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО КРИЗИСА В ТВОРЧЕСТВЕ ЛУИДЖИ ДЖУССАНИ С. ДЗОФФОЛИ В статье производится анализ творчества малоизученного итальянского священника и мыслителя Луиджи Джуссани по отношению к кризису современного общества.Мысль Джуссани (1922-2005) анализируется в контексте католического антропологического богословия, представленного периодом XX-XXI вв.и такими авторами, как Й. Ратцингер, А
The charts of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of patients with histologically confirmed tumors of the brain and spinal canal were analyzed according to the data of magnetic resonance imaging studies performed before surgical treatment.

Analysis of the data revealed that the indexes on the ADC-charts largely correlate with the activity of tumor cell proliferation. The signal on the ADC-charts in malignant tumors of grade 3 and 4 is significantly lower than in tumors with low malignancy of 1 and 2 grade.

Analysis of ADC-charts in patients with pathological lesions in the central nervous system can be used not only for differential diagnosis, but also embodied in the supposed pathomorphological characteristics of the lesion, thereby influencing the planning of the volume of surgical intervention and treatment options.
The effective use of wheat biodiversity in breeding programs is dependent on a sound conservation strategy for sources of biodiversity, and on appropriate techniques of incorporation into modern cultivars. Producing artificial wheat amphiploids using genomes of related species is an effective way to increase the available gene pool. However, artificial amphiploids should be given botanic names and positions within genus Triticum classification to ensure effective collection and preservation in gene banks.

In this review, an attempt to integrate the results of molecular-genetic analyses of natural and artificial wheats with their taxonomy has been made. The correspondence of earlier evolutionary and taxonomic specifications to phylogenetic relationships within Triticum has been estimated using chloroplast and nuclear DNA sequence data.

The results indicated close relationships between all artificial and natural species. Based on the data, all wild and cultivated diploid wheat species were united in a separate section, Monococcon. Different variants of nuclear Acc-1, Pgk-1, and Vrn-1 genes have been detected in diploid A genome species. Detailed analysis of the genes showed that one of these variants was a progenitor for all A genomes of polyploid wheats except for that in Triticum zhukovskyi and some of the artificial amphiploids.
Back pain (BP) is a common condition of major social importance and poorly understood pathogenesis.

Combining data from the UK Biobank and CHARGE consortium cohorts allowed us to perform a very large GWAS (total N = 509,070) and examine the genetic correlation and pleiotropy between BP and its clinical and psychosocial risk factors.

We identified and replicated three BP associated loci, including one novel region implicating SPOCK2 / CHST3 genes. We provide evidence for pleiotropic effects of genetic factors underlying BP, height, and intervertebral disc problems. We also identified independent genetic correlations between BP and depression symptoms, neuroticism, sleep disturbance, overweight, and smoking. A significant enrichment for genes involved in central nervous system and skeletal tissue development was observed. The study of pleiotropy and genetic correlations, supported by the pathway analysis, suggests at least two strong molecular axes of BP genesis, one related to structural/anatomic factors such as intervertebral disk problems and anthropometrics; and another related to the psychological component of pain perception and pain processing. These findings corroborate with the current biopsychosocial model as a paradigm for BP. Overall, the results demonstrate BP to have an extremely complex genetic architecture that overlaps with the genetic predisposition to its biopsychosocial risk factors. The work sheds light on pathways of relevance in the prevention and management of LBP.
The first observation of the decay B0 -> D0bar K+ K- is reported from an analysis of 0.62 fb-1 of pp collision data collected with the LHCb detector.

Its branching fraction is measured relative to that of the topologically similar decay B0 -> D0bar pi+ pi- to be BR(B0 -> D0bar K+ K-)/BR(B0 -> D0bar pi+ pi-) = 0.056+-0.011+-0.007, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic.

The significance of the signal is 5.8 sigma. Evidence, with 3.8 sigma significance, for Bs -> D0bar K+ K- decays is also presented, with a relative branching fraction of BR(Bs -> D0bar K+ K-)/BR(B0 -> D0bar K+ K-) = 0.90+-0.27+-0.20.
. Amplitude bounds imposed by the conservation of mass, momentum and energy for strongly nonlinear waves in stratified fluid are considered. We discuss the theoretical scheme which allows to determine broadening limits for solitary waves in the terms of a given upstream density profile. Attention is focused on the continuously stratified flows having multiple broadening limits. The role of the mean density profile and the influence of fine-scale stratification are analyzed.
We measure the branching fraction of B−→τ−¯ντ using the full Υ(4S) data sample containing 772×106 B¯¯¯B pairs collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e+e− collider.

Events with B¯¯¯B pairs are tagged by reconstructing one of the B mesons decaying into hadronic final states, and B−→τ−¯ντ candidates are detected in the recoil.

We find evidence for B−→τ−¯ντ with a significance of 3.0 standard deviations including systematic errors and measure a branching fraction B(B−→τ−¯ντ)=[0.72+0.27−0.25(stat)±0.11(syst)]×10−4.
Background: TNF-alpha act as main proinflamantory cytokine in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) immune processes. However, TNF-alpha activity and functions may be regulate not only by soluble receptors (which act as decoys) but also by number, density, and co-expression of its membrane-bound receptors type 1 and 2 (TNFR1 and TNFR2). Objectives: To analyze the TNFR1\2 co-expression profile in RA patient with different disease activity in comparison to healthy donors (HD). Methods: PBMC were analyzed from 46 HD and 64 patients with RA using flow cytometry. Patients were divided according to the DAS-28 index into groups with high (n=22, 34.4%), moderate (n=30, 46.9%) and low (n=12, 18.8%) disease activity. Co-expression of TNFR1/2 was evaluated as percentage of cell with different receptors. Number of receptors of each type per cell was counted using QuantiBrite PE beads (BD, USA). The following populations were analyzed: total monocyte pool; common pool of B lymphocytes; common pool of T lymphocytes; cytotoxic T cells (CD8+), T helper cells (CD4+), activated (CD25+) cells among CD8+ and CD4+, T memory (CD45R0+) and naïve T cells (CD45RA+) among cytotoxic and T helper cells; T regulatory cells (CD4+CD25highCD127low); B1 cells (CD45+CD19+CD5+). Results: We found that analyzed cell populations differ significantly in the co-expression of type 1 and 2 receptors for TNFα both between each other and compared to healthy donors. The most pronounced differences between groups of patients in the expression profile were shown for B cells, T reg and memory cells (figure). The total proportion of cells with at least one type of receptors was significantly decreased as compared with HD (in the case of B cells, T-helper memory cells) or increased (in the case of naive cytotoxic T cells, naïve T helper cells, monocytes, T regs). This indicator may reflect the overall sensitivity of the cells of the subpopulation to the effects of cytokine. This mechanism may reflect the ability of the cells to react on certain TNF-alpha concentration or anti-cytokine therapy. Conclusion: The profile of TNFR1\2 co-expression is changed in RA compared to heath. RA disease activity is associated with the changes in the amount and co-expression of type 1 and type 2 receptors for TNF-alpha on the surface of immunocompetent cells. Disclosure of Interests: None declared
Mixed formulations of ultrafine PETN+soda and RDX+soda have low detonation velocity and small critical diameters, which makes them attractive for application to new technological processes, such as welding explosion [1].

The detonation parameters of these mixtures were studied using synchrotron radiation from the VEPP-3 accelerator (Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics). Techniques we developed were applied to the measurement of density distribution in the detonation front and the width of the reaction zone, as well as volume distribution of pressure, density and spread velocities in detonation of cylindrical charges.

The above properties of these formulations are due to the use of nanopowders of PETN and RDX along with a phlegmatizing agent of sodium bicarbonate.
The study of longitudinal fluxes of energy and particles is one of the most important fundamental problems in the physics of open magnetic traps. The solution to this problem is the key to the successful implementation of fusion power in linear magnetic systems. The plasma electrostatic ambipolar potential largely determines the physics of longitudinal transport of particles and energy. In this work, we used the spectroscopic method CXRS (Charge eXchange Recombination Spectroscopy) to measure the plasma ion velocity distribution via the analysis of light emitted in this atomic process. The experiments were carried out in the gas dynamic trap (GDT), which is a linear plasma confinement system with an axially symmetric magnetic field configuration. We measured plasma potential and ion temperature of two plasma components: the main (hydrogen and deuterium) and the helium impurity. The paper presents the emission spectra of the lines H-α (656.28 nm) and He-I (667.8 nm). This method was applied for the first time to measure the spatial profile of the ambipolar potential in an open magnetic trap.
In this paper, we consider the problem of determining the source h(t)δ(x) of electromagnetic waves from GPR data. The task of electromagnetic sensing is to find the pulse characteristic of the medium r(t) and consists in calculating the response of the medium to the pulse source of excitation δ(t) (Dirac Delta function). To determine the analytical expression of the impulse response of a homogeneous medium r(t), we use the method proposed in [1-2]. To determine h(t), the inverse problem is reduced to a system of Volterra integral equations. The source function h(τ), is defined as the solution of the Volterra integral equation of the first kind, f(t) = \int^t_0 r(t−τ)h(τ)dτ in which f(t) is the data obtained by the GPR at the observation points. The problem of calculating the function of the GPR source h(τ ) consists in numerically solving the inverse problem, in which the function of the source h(τ ) is unknown, and the electromagnetic parameters of the medium are known: the permittivity ε; the conductivity σ; the magnetic permeability µ and the response of the medium to a given excitation h(τ).
The Toba Caldera has been the site of several large explosive eruptions in the recent geological past, including the world's largest Pleistocene eruption 74,000 years ago. The major cause of this particular behaviour may be the subduction of the fluid-rich Investigator Fracture Zone directly beneath the continental crust of Sumatra and possible tear of the slab.

Here we show a new seismic tomography model, which clearly reveals a complex multilevel plumbing system beneath Toba.

Large amounts of volatiles originate in the subducting slab at a depth of ∼150 km, migrate upward and cause active melting in the mantle wedge. The volatile-rich basic magmas accumulate at the base of the crust in a ∼50,000 km(3) reservoir. The overheated volatiles continue ascending through the crust and cause melting of the upper crust rocks. This leads to the formation of a shallow crustal reservoir that is directly responsible for the supereruptions.
The aim of this work is to study the features of the electrical and viscoelastic parameters of erythrocytes in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, unclassified colitis), taking into account the stage of the disease for possible use in differential diagnosis. The electrical and viscoelastic parameters of erythrocytes were studied using dielectrophoresis in 109 patients with IBD, mean age 37,7 + 11,7 years (50 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), 41 with Crohn’s disease (CD), 18 with unclassified colitis (UCC) and 53 conditionally healthy, comparable in age and sex with the main groups. Red blood cells of individuals with IBD differed from those in the comparison group by a smaller average diameter, an increased proportion of deformed, spherocytic cells with a changed surface character with a reduced ability to deform, a lower level of surface charge of cells, an altered membrane structure with an increased ability to conduct electric current, prone to destruction and the formation of aggregates (p <0,0001–0,05). Analysis in individual groups with IBD in the acute stage, taking into account the therapy, revealed significant differences between the forms of IBD: in patients with Crohn’s disease, in contrast to patients with UC, red blood cells had lower values of the amplitude of deformation, capacity, dipole moment, and velocity of movement of cells towards electrodes, the proportion of discocytes, polarizability at most of the frequencies of the electric field (p <0,00001–0,05). On the contrary, the summarized indicators of rigidity, viscosity, electrical conductivity, aggregation and destruction indices were higher in CD than in UC (p <0,0001–0,05). CD patients had a greater number of deformed cells with altered surface character (p <0,00001). The features of the electrical and viscoelastic parameters of erythrocytes in patients with differentnosological forms of IBD can be used for the differential diagnosis of ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease in case of colon lesions, in the long term — for verification of the diagnosis in unclassified colitis.
We consider the evolution of the ground state in the two Higgs doublet model during cooling down of the Universe after the big bang.

Different regions in the space of free parameters of this model correspond to different sequences of thermal phase transitions.

We discuss different paths of thermal evolution and corresponding evolution of physical properties of the system for different modern values of the parameters.