Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Albinism in plants is characterized by lack of chlorophyll and results in photosynthesis impairment, abnormal plant development and premature death. These abnormalities are frequently encountered in interspecific crosses and tissue culture experiments. Analysis of albino mutant phenotypes with full or partial chlorophyll deficiency can shed light on genetic determinants and molecular mechanisms of albinism.

Here we report analysis of RNA-seq transcription profiling of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) near-isogenic lines, one of which is a carrier of mutant allele of the Alm gene for albino lemma and pericarp phenotype (line i:BwAlm). 1221 genome fragments have statistically significant changes in expression levels between lines i:BwAlm and Bowman, with 148 fragments having increased expression levels in line i:BwAlm, and 1073 genome fragments, including 42 plastid operons, having decreased levels of expression in line i:BwAlm.

We detected functional dissimilarity between genes with higher and lower levels of expression in i:BwAlm line. Genes with lower level of expression in the i:BwAlm line are mostly associated with photosynthesis and chlorophyll synthesis, while genes with higher expression level are functionally associated with vesicle transport. Differentially expressed genes are shown to be involved in several metabolic pathways; the largest fraction of such genes was observed for the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle. Finally, de novo assembly of transcriptome contains several transcripts, not annotated in current H. vulgare genome version. Our results provide the new information about genes which could be involved in formation of albino lemma and pericarp phenotype. They demonstrate the interplay between nuclear and chloroplast genomes in this physiological process.
On the basis of discrete element method (DEM) several packing configurations of microspheres and granules (cylinders with round corners) are built.

Collision model for granules is presented. The averaged parameters like volume ratio, the first and the second moments of particle distribution and pores linear sizes are calculated numerically using Monte-Carlo method.
located on the collapsing part of the floodplain terrace of the left bank of the Tartas River, in the Tai locality, which, both in ancient times and nowadays, is completely flooded. This circumstance makes it extremely difficult to identify cultural layers.

This article describes first results of studies at the Tartas-5 settlement. Preliminary analysis has revealed extremely insignificant finds in the upper layer, represented by finely fragmented pottery fragments undecorated with ornamental patterns. When studying the lower cultural layer of the Bronze Age, the remains of several post pits cut into the sterile soil have been found. In addition, there were traces of two small fireplaces containing pottery fragments and crushed vessels.

The upper out of two cultural layers at the site contained the finds tentatively attributed to the Early Iron Age. The lower cultural layer and adjacent layers contained cultural remains of the Advanced Bronze Age. The shapes and ornamentation of vessels was typical of classic Andronovo (Fedorovo) pottery. This complex did not differ in any way from the funeral pottery of Baraba, well known from excavations at numerous Andronovo (Fedorovo) burial grounds.
The author discusses the issues of implementation of target management approaches to the long-term development of regions of the Russian Federation. The success of applying such approaches to planning and management at the regional level depends on a choice of priorities and ratio between and sequence of development of programs and projects in the planning process, the quality of the techniques applied, and a financial support of the planned results.

Our analysis of the strategic documents of the Russian Government shows that most of Siberian regions are not considered as strategically important ones for the country.

The article shows that a project approach is of priority for the development of Russian regional policy. Regional programs are a set of basic projects that are not always aimed at developing territories and domestic markets. These facts together with the ongoing centralization of financial resources at the level of the Federal center are key obstacles in implementing development programs for Siberia and units of the Russian Federation's located in Siberia as well as those for the Russian Far East.
A new synthetic platform for ionic liquids (ILs) with specific properties was suggested based on the polyfluorophenyltrifluoroborate anions, Q[4-XC6F4BF3] (X = F, RO).
The spectrum of atomic levels of hydrogen-like ions originating from the lowest Landau level in an external homogeneous superstrong magnetic field is obtained.

The influence of the screening of the Coulomb potential on the values of critical nuclear charges is studied.
Overview of the activity on the development of the new multiple-mirror trap GOL-NB to be built in Budker Institute will be presented. This device to be build in BINP in several years as a deep conversion of the existing GOL-3 facility. The device will consist of a central trap with two 0.75 MW neutral beams, two multiple-mirror solenoids, two expander tanks and a plasma gun that creates start plasma.

Plasma will be NBI-heated and confined in the central trap that is essentially a compact version of the GDT device with the well-known physics. The multiple-mirror sections should decrease the power and particle losses along the magnetic field. The main physical task of GOL-NB is the direct performance demonstration of the multiple-mirror sections that will change the escaping plasma flow and equilibrium plasma parameters in the central trap depending on the magnetic configuration chosen. In this paper, we will discuss new results in scenario modeling and progress in the hardware, including neutral beam injection system and start plasma source.

First experiments on transport of a (1 – 4)×1020 m−3 cold plasma stream through the 3-meter-long solenoids with 0.5 – 4.5 T field are already completed thus demonstrating the performance of start plasma creation system.
The Siberian Synchrotron and Terahertz Radiation Center (SSTRC, Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (INP), Novosibirsk, Russian Federation) is one of the oldest and main Russian centers for synchrotron radiation applications. The center combines research efforts of numerous scientific groups, mostly from institutes and universities of the Novosibirsk Scientific Center (Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences) as well as researchers from all over Russia.

The center provides access to the most popular synchrotron radiation applications and research techniques including the unique ones in the world. The synchrotron radiation (SR) is produced by VEPP-3 and VEPP-4M storage rings of the INP. Most of the activities of SSTRC is devoted to developing original approaches for synchrotron radiation usage.

The report covers activity on synchrotron radiation applications at the Siberian Synchrotron and Terahertz Radiation Center as well as some bright results of recent research.
Full-size genes coding matrix proteins VP40 of Ebola virus (VE) and Marburg virus (VM) and nucleoprotein (NP) of VE were cloned. These genes expression in Escherichia coli and purification of their products by affinity chromatography using Ni-NTA agarose permitted to obtain full-size recombinant VP40 and NP proteins of filoviruses. Immunological studies showed the recombinant polypeptides to possess antigenic properties similar to those of the native viral proteins. These proteins can be used for constructing of experimental vaccines against filoviruses and improving immunodiagnostic tests against filoviral infections.
We propose a novel technique of doubling optical pulses in both frequency and time domains based on a combination of cross-phase modulation induced by a triangular pump pulse in a nonlinear Kerr medium and subsequent propagation in a dispersive medium.
Stability of the flute-like electrostatic Drift-Cyclotron Loss-Cone and Double-Humped modes in a mirror trap is critically revisited.

The isotopic effect is taken into account as well as the anisotropy of warm ions used to stabilise these modes.
In distinction to single-stranded anticodons built of G, C, A, and U bases, their presumable double-stranded precursors at the first three positions of the acceptor stem are composed almost invariably of G-C and C-G base pairs. Thus, the 'second' operational RNA code responsible for correct aminoacylation seems to be a (G,C) code preceding the classic genetic code. Although historically rooted, the two codes were destined to diverge quite early.

However, closer inspection revealed that two complementary catalytic domains of class I and class II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) multiplied by two, also complementary, G2-C71 and C2-G71 targets in tRNA acceptors, yield four (2 × 2) different modes of recognition.

It appears therefore that the core four-column organization of the genetic code, associated with the most conservative central base of anticodons and codons, was in essence predetermined by these four recognition modes of the (G,C) operational code. The general conclusion follows that the genetic code per se looks like a 'frozen accident' but only beyond the '2 × 2 = 4' scope. The four primordial modes of tRNA–aaRS recognition are amenable to direct experimental verification.
Cr films of controlled thickness deposited on glass substrates were irradiated by a high number of low-intensity femtosecond laser pulses below the Cr single-pulse damage threshold, producing periodic surface structures (LIPSS) of very high regularity via metal oxidation.

To address the multiplicity of electromagnetic modes allowed for thin films, a rigorous numerical approach for modeling surface plasmon polaritons (SPP) in thin-film geometry has been developed. Three types of modes are predicted: the classical SPP with periodicities Λ ~ λ (λ is laser wavelength) at air-film interface, and Λ ~ λ/n at film-substrate interface (n is refractive index of substrate), and a propagation mode Λ ~ λ/nCr where nCr is refractive index of film material.

Experimentally observed LIPSS periods match well the predicted modes for the extreme cases, Λ ~ λ/n at film thickness h ≤ 30 nm and Λ ~ λ at h ≥ 200 nm, indicating respectively the dominance of SPP excited at the film-substrate interface and at the metal surface. For 30 nm < h < 200 nm, decreasing of the film thickness results in transition from the pure surface mode to its coupling with and finally domination of the electromagnetic wave excited at the film-substrate interface, providing evidence of the SPP mechanism of LIPSS formation under laser irradiation of thin metallic films.
We report a search for charmless hadronic decays of neutral $B$ mesons to ${\ensuremath{\eta}}^{\ensuremath{'}}{K}^{*}(892{)}^{0}$.

The results are based on a $711\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ data sample that contains $772\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}B\overline{B}$ pairs, collected at the $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}(4S)$ resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric energy ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collider.

We observe the decay for the first time with a significance of 5.0 standard deviations and obtain its branching fraction $\mathcal{B}[{B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\eta}}^{\ensuremath{'}}{K}^{*}(892{)}^{0}]=[2.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}0.7(\text{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2(\text{syst})]\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$. We also measure the $CP$-violating asymmetry as ${\mathcal{A}}_{CP}[{B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\eta}}^{\ensuremath{'}}{K}^{*}(892{)}^{0}]=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\ensuremath{-}0.22\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.29(\text{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.07(\text{syst})$.
СТРУКТУРНЫЕ ПРЕОБРАЗОВАНИЯ В АКСИЛЛЯРНЫХ И БРЫЖЕЕЧНЫХ ЛИМФАТИЧЕСКИХ УЗЛАХ ПРИ ХИМИОТЕРАПИИ И ОПЕРАТИВНОМ ЛЕЧЕНИИ ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОГО РАКА МОЛОЧНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ
All songbirds studied to date have an additional Germline Restricted Chromosome (GRC), which is not present in somatic cells. GRCs show a wide variation in genetic content and little homology between species. To check how this divergence affected the meiotic behavior of the GRC, we examined synapsis, recombination and copy number variation for GRCs in the closely related sand and pale martins ( Riparia riparia and R. diluta ) in comparison with distantly related estrildid finches. Using immunolocalization of meiotic proteins and FISH with GRC-specific DNA probes, we found a striking similarity in the meiotic behavior of GRCs between martins and estrildid finches despite the millions of years of independent evolution. GRCs are usually present in two copies in female and in one copy in male pachytene cells. However, we detected polymorphism in female and mosaicism in male martins for the number of GRCs. In martin and zebra finch females, two GRCs synapse along their whole length, but recombine predominately at their ends. We suggest that the shared features of the meiotic behavior of GRCs have been supported by natural selection in favor of a preferential segregation of GRCs to the eggs.
Excitation-emission matrices of various plastic package samples were studied. A tuneable 210-310 nm laser was used as an excitation source. The samples of polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, and high-density polyethylene of various colour and transparency showed multipeak wideband fluorescence spectra dependent on the excitation wavelength. Principal component analysis demonstrated that the excitation-emission matrices of most samples are well described by two principal components, individual for their types and colorant additives. Despite complex structure of the excitation-emission matrices of different types of the plastic, appropriate linear combinations of the principal components allowed finding a characteristic component for each of them.
Numerical simulation of ignition of the gas mixture not mixed previously in the supersonic flow localized in a channel was performed. The ignition is initiated by the shock wave from the throttling jet, which results in significant changing of pressure difference between the main flow and the gas generator of the throttling jet. It is shown that applying boundary conditions similar to the breakdown of arbitrary discontinuity conditions, makes it possible to obtain the transonic mode observed in the experiment. The near-wall and axisymmetric supply of the gaseous fuel was considered.
A review of experiments in the field of photonics and plasmonics, recently performed with the Novosibirsk free electron laser (NovoFEL) is given. Parameters of NovoFEL radiation and user workstations are described. Considerable attention was paid to the development and testing of quasi-optical elements designed for this range and to methods for the formation of powerful beams of terahertz radiation with a given mode composition. The use of terahertz radiation in the spectroscopy of gases and semiconductors, in generation and study of surface plasmon polaritons, as well as the use of the latter for the study of surfaces and in communication applications is described.
In this work, we investigate the critical behavior of the three dimensional Heisenberg model by parallel Wang-Landau algorithm developed with using of the OpenMP technology.
A new class of atomic interferences using ultra-narrow optical transitions are pushing quantum engineering control to a very high level of precision for a next generation of sensors and quantum gate operations.

In such context, we propose a new quantum engineering approach to Ramsey-Bordé interferometry introducing multiple composite laser pulses with tailored pulse duration, Rabi field amplitude, frequency detuning and laser phase-step. We explore quantum metrology with hyper-Ramsey and hyper-Hahn-Ramsey clocks below the $10^-18$ level of fractional accuracy by a fine tuning control of light excitation parameters leading to spinor interferences protected against light-shift coupled to laser-probe field variation. We review cooperative composite pulse protocols to generate robust Ramsey-Bordé, Mach-Zehnder and double-loop atomic sensors shielded against measurement distortion related to Doppler-shifts and light-shifts coupled to pulse area errors. Fault-tolerant auto-balanced hyper-interferometers are introduced eliminating several technical laser pulse defects that can occur during the entire probing interrogation protocol.

Quantum sensors with composite pulses and ultra-cold atomic sources should offer a new level of high accuracy in detection of acceleration and rotation inducing phase-shifts, a strong improvement in tests of fundamental physics with hyper-clocks while paving the way to a new conception of atomic interferometers tracking space-time gravitational waves with a very high sensitivity.
Viruses have some characteristics in common with cell-based life. They can evolve and adapt to environmental conditions. Directed evolution can be used by researchers to produce viral strains with desirable phenotypes. Through bioselection, improved strains of oncolytic viruses can be obtained that have better safety profiles, increased specificity for malignant cells, and more efficient spread among tumor cells. It is also possible to select strains capable of killing a broader spectrum of cancer cell variants, so as to achieve a higher frequency of therapeutic responses. This review describes and analyses virus adaptation studies performed with members of four RNA virus families that are used for viral oncolysis: reoviruses, paramyxoviruses, enteroviruses, and rhabdoviruses. Keywords: oncolytic viruses, virus selection, virus adaptation, directed viral evolution
Background: The study of the biological basis of anxiety, depression, and intellectual disabilities in humans is one of the most actual problems of modern neurophysiology. Of particular interest is the study of complex interactions between molecular genetic factors, electrophysiological properties of the nervous system, and the behavioral characteristics of people. The neurobiological understanding of neuropsychiatric disorders requires not only the identification of genes that play a role in the molecular mechanisms of the occurrence and course of diseases, but also the understanding of complex interactions that occur between these genes. A systematic study of such interactions obviously contributes to the development of new methods of diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of disorders, as the orientation to allele variants of individual loci is not reliable enough, because the literature describes a number of genes, the same alleles of which can be associated with different, sometimes extremely different variants of phenotypic traits, depending on the genetic background, of their carriers, habitat, and other factors. Results: In our study, we have reconstructed a series of gene networks (in the form of protein–protein interactions networks, as well as networks of transcription regulation) to build a model of the influence of complex interactions of environmental factors and genetic risk factors for intellectual disability, depression, and other disorders in human behavior. Conclusion: A list of candidate genes whose expression is presumably associated with environmental factors and has potentially contentious manifestation for behavioral and neurological traits is identified for further experimental verification.
2-(3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(4-iodophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-4H-imidazole 3-oxide reacts with phenylboronic acid and its substituted derivatives in a cross-coupling reaction of the Suzuki-Miyaura type to form 5-biphenyl derivatives of 4H-imidazole-N-oxide. Interaction of the same compound with B2(pin)2 in the presence of PdCl2(PPh3)2 proceeds through the formation of intermediate 1,3,2-dioxoborolane and leads to the product of homocoupling: biphenyl-bis(imidazole).

Oxidation of the resultant imidazoles with lead dioxide quantitatively yields stable conjugated phenoxyl-nitroxyl mono- and diradicals, which are of interest as electroactive paramagnetic materials.

The crystal structure of the monoradical, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-[1-oxido-4-(biphenyl-4-yl)-5,5-dimethyl-1H-imidazole-2(5H)-ylidene]cyclohex-2,5-dienone, its magnetic susceptibility, EPR spectra of the obtained hybrid radicals in solution, and cyclic voltammetry characteristics of 4H-imidazoles were studied.
Chromatic properties of the Pancake graphs P n , n 2, that are Cayley graphs on the symmetric group Sym n generated by prefix-reversals are investigated in the paper.It is proved that for any n 3 the total chromatic number of P n is n, and it is shown that the chromatic index of P n is n -1.We present upper bounds on the chromatic number of the Pancake graphs P n , which improve Brooks' bound for n 7 and Catlin's bound for n 28.Algorithms of a total n-coloring and a proper (n -1)-coloring are given.
During the course of chronic viral infections or tumor growth, due to the constant presence of antigen and inflammation, a dysfunctional state of T-cells called exhaustion occurs. Factors associated with T-cell exhaustion include an increase in the expression of various inhibitory receptors, also known as checkpoint molecules, which leads to inhibition of the proliferation and production of mediators such as IL-2, IFNγ, and TNFα. The TIM-3 molecule is expressed on a variety of immune cells, including dendritic cells, macrophages, and T-cells, and mediates suppressive activity on immune cells. Sustained expression of the PD-1 receptor on T-lymphocytes is also associated with the exhaustion phenotype, while it remains unclear how the expression of these inhibitory receptors normally differs from that in pathological conditions of the body, which are characterized by an increase in the number of exhausted T-cells. The aim of the study was to determine the relative and absolute number of T-cells expressing PD-1 and TIM-3, as well as the number of PD-1 and TIM-3 molecules on the surface of CD4 + and CD8 + T-cells in healthy donors and breast cancer (BC) patients. Group of BC patients were conditionally divided into two groups depending on the degree of disease progression into patients with primary (without metastases) and metastatic BC. As a result of the study, it was shown that an increase in the absolute number of PD-1 + CD4 + T-cells is observed in breast cancer patients. The absolute number of molecules per cell is also higher in BC patients compared to healthy donors. For patients, a tendency towards an increase in the absolute number of TIM-3 + CD4 + T-cells was shown in comparison with healthy donors and in a row from primary disease to metastatic BC. Thus, differences in the expression pattern of TIM-3 and PD-1 checkpoint molecules are observed when comparing the norm and malignant pathology of the breast, and can become an important marker of the functional state of T-lymphocytes in BC patients.