Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Bioelectrical signals generated by ion channels play crucial roles in many cellular processes in both excitable and nonexcitable cells. Some ion channels are directly implemented in chemical signaling pathways, the others are involved in regulation of cytoplasmic or vesicular ion concentrations, pH, cell volume, and membrane potentials. Together with ion transporters and gap junction complexes, ion channels form steady-state voltage gradients across the cell membranes in nonexcitable cells. These membrane potentials are involved in regulation of such processes as migration guidance, cell proliferation, and body axis patterning during development and regeneration. While the importance of membrane potential in stem cell maintenance, proliferation, and differentiation is evident, the mechanisms of this bioelectric control of stem cell activity are still not well understood, and the role of specific ion channels in these processes remains unclear. Here we introduce the flatworm Macrostomum lignano as a versatile model organism for addressing these topics. We discuss biological and experimental properties of M. lignano , provide an overview of the recently developed experimental tools for this animal model, and demonstrate how manipulation of membrane potential influences regeneration in M. lignano .
A scheme to generate wide-bandwidth radiation using a step-wise tapered undulator with a segmented structure is proposed. This magnetic field configuration allows to broaden the undulator harmonic spectrum by two orders of magnitude, providing 1 keV bandwidth with spectral flux density exceeding 10 16 photons s −1 mm −2 (0.1% bandwidth) −1 at 5 keV on the sample. Such a magnetic setup is applicable to superconducting devices where magnetic tapering cannot be arranged mechanically. The resulting radiation with broadband spectrum and flat-top shape may be exploited at a multipurpose beamline for scanning over the spectrum at time scales of 10–100 ms. The radiation from a segmented undulator is described analytically and derivations with numerical simulations are verified. In addition, a start-to-end simulation of an optical beamline is performed and issues related to the longitudinally distributed radiation source and its image upon focusing on the sample are addressed.
We report the results of a study of $B^{\pm}\to K^{\pm}\eta_c$ and $B^{\pm}\to K^{\pm}\eta_c(2S)$ decays followed by $\eta_c$ and $\eta_c(2S)$ decays to $(K_SK\pi)^0$. The results are obtained from a data sample containing 535 million $B\bar{B}$-meson pairs collected by the Belle experiment at the KEKB $e^+e^-$ collider. We measure the products of the branching fractions ${\mathcal B}(B^{\pm}\to K^{\pm}\eta_c){\mathcal B}(\eta_c\to K_S K^{\pm}\pi^{\mp})=(26.7\pm 1.4(stat)^{+2.9}_{-2.6}(syst)\pm 4.9(model))\times 10^{-6}$ and ${\mathcal B}(B^{\pm}\to K^{\pm}\eta_c(2S)){\mathcal B}(\eta_c(2S)\to K_S K^{\pm}\pi^{\mp})=(3.4^{+2.2}_{-1.5}(stat+model)^{+0.5}_{-0.4} syst))\times 10^{-6}$. Interference with the non-resonant component leads to significant model uncertainty in the measurement of these product branching fractions. Our analysis accounts for this interference and allows the model uncertainty to be reduced. We also obtain the following charmonia masses and widths: $M(\eta_c)=(2985.4\pm 1.5(stat)^{+0.5}_{-2.0}(syst))$ MeV/$c^2$, $\Gamma(\eta_c)=(35.1\pm 3.1(stat)^{+1.0}_{-1.6}(syst))$ MeV/$c^2$, $M(\eta_c(2S))=(3636.1^{+3.9}_{-4.2}(stat+model)^{+0.7}_{-2.0}(syst))$ MeV/$c^2$, $\Gamma(\eta_c(2S))=(6.6^{+8.4}_{-5.1}(stat+model)^{+2.6}_{-0.9}(syst))$ MeV/$c^2$.
Main technical features of Low Energy Charged Particle Sensor (LECPS) are described, taking into account LECPS high sensitivity, wide dynamic range, and conditions of in-flight operation on-board a satellite.

LECPS input cascade is capable of current measurement as low as 1 pA within a 120 dB dynamic range, providing error level below 20%. Statistical calculations of acquired data, measuring time considerations and implementation of input cascade auto-calibration technique were applied

to gain the best possible stability and accuracy over −20° to +50°C operation temperature.
We present both the experimental and theoretical investigations of a nontrivial electron Landau-level shift in magnetic field in wide ($\ensuremath{\sim}20$ nm) HgTe quantum wells: Landau levels split under magnetic fields but become degenerate again when magnetic field increases. We reproduced this behavior qualitatively within an isotropic six-band Kane model; then using semiclassical calculations, we showed this behavior is due to the mixing of the conduction band with a total spin of 3/2 with the next well subband with a spin of 1/2, which reduces the average vertical spin from 3/2 to around 1. This change in the average spin changes the Berry phase, explaining the evolution of Landau levels under magnetic field.
The data presented in this article relate to the scientific article "Pyrolysis of a mixture of monosilane and alkanes in a compression reactor to produce nanodispersed silicon carbide" [1]. In the above article, a method is proposed for producing nanosized silicon carbide powder by compression in a cyclic process of a chemical reactor. Pyrolysis is initiated in mixtures of monosilane and hydrocarbon with argon. The article also presents the analysis data of the obtained product by X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy.
The performance of a variational data assimilation algorithm for a transport and transformation model of atmospheric chemical composition is studied numerically in the case where the emission inventories are missing while there are additional in situ indirect concentration measurements.

The algorithm is based on decomposition and splitting methods with a direct solution of the data assimilation problems at the splitting stages. This design allows avoiding iterative processes and working in real-time.

In numerical experiments we study the sensitivity of data assimilation to measurement data quantity and quality.
In this scheme, a non-monotonic version of the third-order DG method is used as the baseline and a monotonic version of this method is used as the internal one, in which a nonlinear correction of numerical flows is used.

A combined scheme of the discontinuous Galerkin method is proposed. This scheme monotonously localizes the fronts of shock waves and simultaneously maintains increased accuracy in the regions of smoothness of the calculated solutions.

Tests demonstrating the advantages of the new scheme compared to the standard monotonized variants of the DG method are provided.
The Confucius Institute at Novosibirsk State University focused on connotation construction, strengthened teaching management, and improved teaching level in its 2019 work. This year, the Confucius Institute successfully completed the established teaching tasks, successfully held various cultural activities, strengthened exchanges between Novosibirsk State University and Xinjiang Univeristy, and expanded foreign exchanges. In the future, the Confucius Institute will continue to work hard to coordinate all aspects of its work, improve quality and efficiency, and further enhance the influence of the Institute in the region.
A comprehensive analysis of geophysical data was carried out and a model of the deep structure of the Yenisei–Khatanga regional trough was constructed. A distinct platform appearance of the Neoproterozoic-Paleozoic sediments, the synchronous occurrence of ancient and Mesozoic sedimentary complexes in the axial most submerged part of the Yenisei–Khatanga linear depression. A wide territorial distribution of trap magmatism was revealed, which is not localized in the linear structure of the trough. It is concluded that the formation of the Yenisei-Khatanga regional trough is not associated with the Late Permian–Early Triassic rifting.
Changbin, the culture of the Late Paleolithic Age, named after Changbin Township in Taidong County on the eastern coast of the island and its southern extremities where it was discovered. Excavations of the primary site, Baxiandong (Baxian caves; or Pahsientung), started in 1968, with new findings being made nowadays. The bulk of artifacts found includes chipped stone and bone tools, mainly of them are flint scrapers, sharp-edged flake tools, pebble chopping tools, shell scrapers and also tools made of bone, such as wedges, stitching awls and fish hooks. The ancient people, who lived in the caves, hunted, fished and gathered seafood on the coast. Typlogically, the Changbin tools are similar to the Hoabinhian industry. It is possible that Changbinhians came to Taiwan from the Southeast China, but also probably from the Phillipines.

The Baxian sea-cave samples were tested with radiocarbon measurement to have been dated from 15 to 5 thousand years ago, making earlier dates (around 50,000 years ago) debatable.

Changbin Culture is extremely important for the understanding of the origin of the first settlements in prehistorical Taiwan. Farther research can bring new results in revealing the features of anthropogenesis on the territory of the Eastern Asia. Detailed reconstruction of the stages of development of this territory, with special attention to the initial settlement of Taiwan, is necessary to understand the basic characteristics of the cultural evolution of the early cultures in the region and can help solve the problem of the spread of a modern anthropological type in ecumene, make possible the identifying the ways of ancient migrations in the Asia-Pacific region. The initial period of studies of Baxian caves made possible to formulate the tasks for the new search, the answers to which will be received within the next stage of the archaeological works, having begun about 10 years ago.
Cu-rich magnesioferrite was found in vesicular basaltic trachyandesite in one of lava tubes (Duplex) that formed during the 2012–2013 eruption of the Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka.

This mineral is commonly associated with hematite, tenorite, halite, sylvite, and Ca-rich silicates (mainly, esseneite and Na-rich melilite) in high-temperature (800–1000 °C) reactionary zones (up to 100 µm) covering vesicular rocks and lava stalactites in the Duplex tube. The mineral relationships of this assemblage indicate the following crystallization sequence: Ca-rich silicates + hematite → Cu-rich magnesioferrite → tenorite → chlorides. This formed due to the reaction of hot gases containing Cu, alkalis, and Cl with solidified lava rock. The composition of magnesioferrite varies strongly in CuO (5.8–17.3 wt %; cuprospinel end-member—15–47 mol %), whereas the contents of other oxides are minor, indicating the main isomorphic substitution is Mg2+ ↔ Cu2+.

Compositions with maximal CuO content nominally belong to Mg-rich cuprospinel: (Cu0.48Mg0.41Mn0.09Zn0.02Ca0.02) (Fe3+1.94Al0.03Ti0.02)O4. Increasing CuO content of the Duplex Cu-rich magnesioferrite is reflected in Raman spectra by moderate right shifting bands at ≈700–710 and 200–210 cm−1 and the appearance of an additional band at 596 cm−1. This supports the main isomorphic scheme and may indicate a degree of inversion in the spinel structure.
The one-dimensional focusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) on an unstable condensate background is the fundamental physical model that can be applied to study the development of modulation instability (MI) and formation of rogue waves. The complete integrability of the NLSE via inverse scattering transform enables the decomposition of the initial conditions into elementary nonlinear modes: breathers and continuous spectrum waves. The small localized condensate perturbations (SLCP) that grow as a result of MI have been of fundamental interest in nonlinear physics for many years.

Here, we demonstrate that Kuznetsov-Ma and superregular NLSE breathers play the key role in the dynamics of a wide class of SLCP. During the nonlinear stage of MI development, collisions of these breathers lead to the formation of rogue waves. We present new scenarios of rogue wave formation for randomly distributed breathers as well as for artificially prepared initial conditions. For the latter case, we present an analytical description based on the exact expressions found for the space-phase shifts that breathers acquire after collisions with each other.

Finally, the presence of Kuznetsov-Ma and superregular breathers in arbitrary-type condensate perturbations is demonstrated by solving the Zakharov-Shabat eigenvalue problem with high numerical accuracy.
The Halomonas sp. isolate SL48-SHIP-3 genome was obtained from metagenomics sequencing of the microbial mat of Salt Lake Number 48

The sequenced and annotated genome is 2,575,909 bp and encodes 2,368 genes
The first measurement that relates semileptonic and hadronic decay rates of the B+c meson is performed using proton-proton collision data corresponding to 1.0 fb−1 of integrated luminosity collected with the LHCb detector. The measured value of the ratio of branching fractions, B(B+c→J/ψπ+)/B(B+c→J/ψμ+νμ)=0.0469±0.0028(stat)±0.0046(syst), is at the lower end of available theoretical predictions.Received 8 July 2014DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.90.032009This article is available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI.© 2014 CERN, for the LHCb Collaboration
The arginine repressor ArgR/AhrC is a transcription factor universally conserved in bacterial genomes. Its recognition signal (the ARG box), a weak palindrome, is also conserved between genomes, despite a very low degree of similarity between individual sites within a genome. Thus, the arginine repressor is different from two other universal transcription factors - HrcA, whose recognition signal is very strongly conserved both within and between genomes, and LexA/DinR, whose signal is strongly conserved within, but not between, genomes. The arginine regulon is well studied in Escherichia coli and to some extent in Bacillus subtilis and some other genomes. Here, we apply the comparative genomic approach to the prediction of the ArgR-binding sites in all completely sequenced bacterial genomes. Orthologs of ArgR/AhrC were identified in the complete genomes of E. coli, Haemophilus influenzae, Vibrio choleras, B. subtilis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Thermotoga maritima, Chlamydia pneumoniae and Deinococcus radiodurans. Candidate arginine repressor binding sites were identified upstream of arginine transport and metabolism genes. We found that the ArgR/AhrC recognition signal is conserved in all genomes that contain genes encoding orthologous transcription factors of this family. All genomes studied except M. tuberculosis contain ABC transport cassettes (related to the Art system of E. coli) belonging to the candidate arginine regulons.
The impact of superthermal electrons on dispersion properties of isotropic plasmas and on the modulational instability of a monochromatic Langmuir wave is studied for the case when the power-law tail of the electron distribution function extends to relativistic velocities and contains most of the plasma kinetic energy. Such an energetic tail of electrons is shown to increase the thermal correction to the Langmuir wave frequency, which is equivalent to the increase of the effective electron temperature in the fluid approach, and has almost no impact on the dispersion of ion-acoustic waves, in which the role of temperature is played by the thermal spread of low-energy core electrons. It is also found that the spectrum of modulational instability in the non-maxwellian plasma narrows significantly, as compared to the equilibrium case, without change of the maximum growth rate and the corresponding wavenumber.
The review is devoted to consideration of possible observational consequences of modified gravity theories, suggested for explanation of the contemporary accelerated expansion of the universe.

The major attention is paid to F(R)-models. It is shown that in systems with rising energy density high frequency and large amplitude oscillations of the curvature scalar, R(t), are induced. Since the Lagrangian is a non-linear function of curvature, equations of motion become of higher (4th) order and exhibit very rich pattern of new physical effects.

These oscillations lead to the production of elementary particles, which may be observed in the spectra of energetic cosmic rays. In the background of such oscillating solutions gravitation repulsion between finite-size objects becomes possible. In particular, the evolution of density perturbations is strongly different from that in General Relativity, amplified due to both parametric resonance and anti-friction phenomena.
If a charged particle bunch propagates near a plasma-vacuum boundary, it excites a surface wave and experiences a force caused by the boundary.For the linearly responding plasma and ultra-relativistic bunch, the spatial distribution of excited fields is calculated, and the force exerted on a short and narrow bunch is approximated by elementary functions.The force attracts the bunch to the boundary, if the bunch is in the vacuum, and repels otherwise.There are also additional focusing and defocusing components of the force.
Type 1 diabetes is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects tens of millions of people. Diabetes mellitus is one of the strongest factors in the development of cerebrovascular diseases. In this study we used NOD.CB17 Prkdcscid mice and the pharmacological model of type 1 diabetes mellitus of different duration to study changes in the cerebral vasculature. We used two combined approaches using magnetic resonance angiography both steady and transient CFD blood flow modeling. We identified the influence of type 1 diabetes on the architectonics and hemodynamics of the large blood vessels of the brain as the disease progresses. For the first time, we detected a statistically significant change in angioarchitectonics (the angles between the vessels of the circle of Willis, cross-sections areas of vessels) and hemodynamic (maximum blood flow rate, hydraulic resistance) in animals with diabetes duration of 2 months, that is manifested by the development of asymmetry of cerebral blood flow. The result shows the negative effect of diabetes on cerebral circulation as well as the practicability of CFD modeling. This may be of extensive interest, in pharmacological and preclinical studies.
It was found that the most common genotype rs2278749 ARNTL gene was homozygous C/C genotype -74,9%.Prevalence of C/T and T/T genotype was 22.3% and 2.8%, respectively.It was revealed that persons with the genotype C/T more likely to experience serious conflicts in the family, more experienced their frustration, they often have disturbing dreams, and they wake up tired and exhausted, in addition, they often met the high level of the life of exhaustion, and they soon became frustrated.Persons with genotype T/T often took the trouble "to heart" and were more punctual.On the other hand, persons with C/C genotype were more hostile, were inclined not to trust anyone, almost "never" accept negative situations "close to the heart" and much less experienced disturbing dreams.
Traditionally, studies of the neurobiology of learning and memory focus on the circuitry that interfaces between sensory inputs and behavioral outputs, such as the amygdala and cerebellum. However, evidence is accumulating that some forms of learning can in fact drive stimulus­specifc changes very early in sensory systems, including not only primary sensory cortices but also precortical structures and even the peripheral sensory organs themselves. In this study, we investigated the eﬀect of olfactory associative training on the functional activity of olfactory epithelium neurons in response to an indiﬀerent stimulus (orange oil). It was found that such a peripheral structure of the olfactory system of adult mice as the olfactory epithelium (OE) demonstrates experience­dependent plasticity. In our experiment, associative learning led to changes in the patterns of OE cell activation in response to orange oil in comparison with the control group and animals that were given odor without reinforcement. To interpret the results obtained, we compared the distribution of MRI contrast across the zones of OE in response to a conditioned odor in trained animals and in control animals that were given orange oil at three concentrations: original (used for conditioning), 4­fold higher and 4­fold lower. Since the OE activation patterns obtained coincided in the group of trained animals and controls, which were stimulated with orange oil at the 4­fold higher concentration, it can be concluded that associative conditioning increased the sensitivity of the OE to the conditioned stimulus. The observed increase in OE response to orange oil may be the result of neurogenesis, i. e. the maturation of new olfactory neurons responsive to this stimulus, or the consequence of an increase in individual sensitivity of each OE neuron. Based on data of MRI contrast accumulation in mouse OE, the sensory plasticity way in learning­induced increase in sensitivity of OE to conditioned stimulus is more possible. Thus, the sensory plasticity of the OE plays a signifcant role in the formation of the neuronal response to the provision of an initially indiﬀerent odor and is part of the adaptive responses to the environmental changing.
A terrible disease of the cardiovascular system, atherosclerosis, develops in the areas of bends and branches of arteries, where the direction and modulus of the blood flow velocity vector change, and consequently so does the mechanical effect on endothelial cells in contact with the blood flow. The stages of atherogenesis, systemic risk factors for atherogenesis and its important hemodynamic factor, low and low/oscillatory wall shear stress exerted by blood flow on the endothelial cells lining the arterial walls, have been described.

The review focuses on topical research studies on the development of atherosclerosis – mechanobiochemical events that transform the proatherogenic mechanical stimulus of blood flow – low and low/oscillatory arterial wall shear stress in the chains of biochemical reactions in endothelial cells, leading to the expression of specific proteins that cause the progression of the pathological process. The interactions of cell adhesion molecules responsible for the development of atherosclerosis under low and low/oscillating shear stress conditions have been demonstrated. The activation of the regulator of the expression of cell adhesion molecules, the transcription factor NF­κB, and the factors regulating its activation under these conditions have been described. Mechanosensitive signaling pathways leading to the expression of NF­κB in endothelial cells have been described.

Studies of the mechanobiochemical signaling pathways and interactions involved in the progression of atherosclerosis provide valuable information for the development of approaches that delay or block the development of this disease.
Evolution and heating of the universe in R2-modified gravity are considered. It is shown that the universe’s history can be separated into four different epochs: (1) inflation, (2) heating due to curvature oscillations (scalaron decay), (3) transition to matter dominated period, and (4) conventional cosmology governed by General Relativity. Cosmological density of dark matter (DM) particles for different decay channels of the scalaron is calculated. The bounds on the masses of DM particles are derived for the following dominant decay modes: to minimally coupled scalars, to massive fermions, and to gauge bosons.