Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
As has been established experimentally, elastic turbulence possesses a boundary layer where the fluid velocity field can be approximated by a steady shear flow with relatively small fluctuations on the top of it.

We investigate theoretically the near-wall region in elastic turbulence of a dilute polymer solution in the limit of large Weissenberg number. Assuming that at the bottom of the boundary layer the dissolved polymers can be considered as passive objects, we examine analytically and numerically the statistics of the polymer conformation, which is highly non-uniform in the wall-normal direction. Next, imposing the condition that the passive regime terminates at the border of the boundary layer, we obtain an estimate for the ratio of the mean flow to the magnitude of the flow fluctuations.

This ratio is determined by the polymer concentration, the radius of gyration of polymers and their length in the fully extended state. The results of our asymptotic analysis reproduce the qualitative features of elastic turbulence at finite Weissenberg numbers.
In this paper, electromagnetic emissions produced in a thin beam-plasma system are studied using two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. For the first time, the problem of emission generation in such a system is considered in the realistic formulation allowing for the continuous injection of a relativistic electron beam through the plasma boundary. Specific attention is given to the thin plasma case in which the transverse plasma size is comparable to the typical wavelength of beam-driven oscillations. Such a case is often implemented in laboratory beam-plasma experiments and has a number of peculiarities. Emission from a thin plasma does not require intermediate generation of electromagnetic plasma eigenmodes, as in the infinite case, and is more similar to the regular antenna radiation. In this work, we determine how efficiently the fundamental and second harmonic emissions can be generated in previously modulated and initially homogeneous plasmas.
академии наук, Новосибирск, Россия 2 Новосибирский государственный университет, Новосибирск, Россия 3 Лимнологический институт Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук, Иркутск, Россия

ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЕ МАТРИЦ НАНООТВЕРСТИЙ В ТОНКОЙ АЛЮМИНИЕВОЙ ПЛЕНКЕ МЕТОДОМ ФЕМТОСЕКУНДНОЙ АБЛЯЦИИ С ПОМОЩЬЮ ДИФРАКЦИОННОГО МУЛЬТИПЛИКАТОРАПредставлено экспериментальное исследование возможности изготовления матрицы субмикронных отверстий в пленке алюминия толщиной 100 нм, расположенной на кварцевой подложке, методом фемтосекундной лазерной абляции с использованием дифракционного оптического элемента (ДОЭ).Из одного луча с длиной волны 513 нм фемтосекундного лазера ДОЭ формирует матрицу независимых лучей (3×3), которые с помощью оптической системы фокусируются на пленку.
In present paper correlations between different parts of spectrum of a fiber laser with randomly distributed feedback (RDFL) were experimentally measured directly.

Implemented statistical analysis demonstrate weak cross-correlations between different lines in generation spectrum. These correlations were vizualized by plotting 2-D probability density functions. Linear correlation coefficient (Pearson coefficient) was calculated for each pair of spectrum lines.

Implemented statistical analysis demonstrate weak cross-correlations between different lines in generation spectrum.
Recent QCD calculations are found to be in good agreement with our measurements.

The differential cross-section for the inclusive production of ψ(2S) mesons in pp collisions at √s=7 TeV has been measured with the LHCb detector. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 36 pb−1. The ψ(2S) mesons are reconstructed in the decay channels ψ(2S)→μ+μ− and ψ(2S)→J/ψπ+π−, with the J/ψ meson decaying into two muons. Results are presented both for promptly produced ψ(2S) mesons and for those originating from b-hadron decays.

In the kinematic range pT(ψ(2S))≤16 GeV/c and 2
The influence of the model and method choice on the DFT predicted 13C NMR chemical shifts of zeolite surface methoxide species has been systematically analyzed. Twelve 13C NMR chemical shift calculation protocols on full periodic and hybrid periodic-cluster DFT calculations with varied structural relaxation procedures are examined. The primary assessment of the accuracy of the computational protocols has been carried out for the Si-O(CH3)-Al surface methoxide species in ZSM-5 zeolite with well-defined experimental NMR parameters (chemical shift, δ(13C) value) as a reference. Different configurations of these surface intermediates and their location inside the ZSM-5 pores are considered explicitly. The predicted δ value deviates by up to ±0.8 ppm from the experimental value of 59 ppm due to the varied confinement of the methoxide species at different zeolite sites (model accuracy). The choice of the exchange-correlation functional (method accuracy) introduces ±1.5 ppm uncertainty in the computed chemical shifts. The accuracy of the predicted 13C NMR chemical shifts for the computational assignment of spectral characteristics of zeolite intermediates has been further analyzed by considering the potential intermediate species formed upon methane activation by Cu/ZSM-5 zeolite. The presence of Cu species in the vicinity of surface methoxide increases the prediction uncertainty to ±2.5 ppm. The full geometry relaxation of the local environment of an active site at an appropriate level of theory is critical to ensure a good agreement between the experimental and computed NMR data. Chemical shifts (δ) calculated via full geometry relaxation of a cluster model of a relevant portion of the zeolite lattice site are in the best agreement with the experimental values. Our analysis indicates that the full geometry optimization of a cluster model at the PBE0-D3/6-311G(d,p) level of theory followed by GIAO/PBE0-D3/aug-cc-pVDZ calculations is the most suitable approach for the calculation of 13C chemical shifts of zeolite surface intermediates.
Background Abnormalities in functioning of the central serotonergic system are believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of depressive illness and suicidal behaviour. Tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of serotonin, so the TPH gene (11p15.3-p14) is a good candidate for association studies with suicide. Several polymorphisms in the TPH gene have been studied for association with suicidal behaviour, but the results are inconclusive. The aim of the present study is to determine whether the TPH gene is a susceptibility factor for suicidal behaviour in males and females, separately.
Carboxylic acids conjugated with 4,5-dimethoxy-2-nitrobenzyl photoremovable protecting group are well known and widely used for biological studies. In this paper, we study the photolysis of likewise “caged” acetic, caprylic and arachidonic acids. Unexpectedly, we observed huge growth of fluorescence emission at ~430 nm during photolysis. Following further UV irradiation, a product with fluorescence at longer wavelength was formed (470 nm excitation / ~500–600 nm emission). While it may be used to monitor the “uncaging”, these fluorescent products may interfere with widespread dyes such as fluorescein in biomedical experiments. This effect might be negligible if the photolysis products dissolve in the medium. On the other hand, we observed that arachidonic and caprylic acids derivatives self-organize in emulsion droplets in water environment due to long lipophilic chains. Illumination of droplets by UV rapidly induces orange fluorescence excited by 488 nm light. This fluorescence turn-on was fast (~0.1 s) and apparently caused by the accumulation of water-insoluble fluorescent residuals inside droplets. These self-organized lipophilic structures with fluorescence turn-on capability may be of interest for biomedical and other application. We have identified and hypothesized some compounds which may be responsible for the observed fluorescense.
The radiative decay Lambda_b -> Lambda gamma is observed for the first time using a data sample of proton-proton collisions corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.7 1/fb collected by the LHCb experiment at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. Its branching fraction is measured to be B(Lambda_b -> Lambda gamma) = (7.1 +- 1.5 +- 0.6 +- 0.7) 10^{-6}, where the quoted uncertainties are statistical, systematic and systematic from external inputs, respectively. A time-dependent analysis of the Bs -> phi gamma decay rate is performed to determine the CP-violating observables S and C, and the mixing-induced observable Adelta. The measurement is based on a sample of pp collision data recorded with the LHCb detector, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3 1/fb at center-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV. The measured values are S= 0.43 +- 0.30 +- 0.11, C= 0.11 +- 0.29 +- 0.11, Adelta = -0.67 +0.37 -0.41 +- 0.17, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. The results are consistent with the Standard Model predictions.
Background Previously, we demonstrated that poorly differentiated cells of various origins, including tumor-initiating stem cells present in the ascites form of mouse cancer cell line Krebs-2, are capable of naturally internalizing both linear double-stranded DNA and circular plasmid DNA. Methods The method of co-incubating Krebs-2 cells with extracellular plasmid DNA (pUC19) or TAMRA-5’-dUTP-labeled polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product was used. It was found that internalized plasmid DNA isolated from Krebs-2 can be transformed into competent Escherichia coli cells. Thus, the internalization processes taking place in the Krebs-2 cell subpopulation have been analyzed and compared, as assayed by E. coli colony formation assay (plasmid DNA) and cytofluorescence (TAMRA-DNA). Results We showed that extracellular DNA both in the form of plasmid DNA and a PCR product is internalized by the same subpopulation of Krebs-2 cells. We found that the saturation threshold for Krebs-2 ascites cells is 0.5 μg DNA/10 6 cells. Supercoiled plasmid DNA, human high-molecular weight DNA, and 500 bp PCR fragments are internalized into the Krebs-2 tumor-initiating stem cells via distinct, non-competing internalization pathways. Under our experimental conditions, each cell may harbor 340–2600 copies of intact plasmid material, or up to 3.097 ± 0.044×10 6 plasmid copies (intact or not), as detected by quantitative PCR. Conclusion The internalization dynamics of extracellular DNA, copy number of the plasmids taken up by the cells, and competition between different types of double-stranded DNA upon internalization into tumor-initiating stem cells of mouse ascites Krebs-2 have been comprehensively analyzed. Investigation of the extracellular DNA internalization into tumor-initiating stem cells is an important part of understanding their properties and possible destruction mechanisms. For example, a TAMRA-labeled DNA probe may serve as an instrument to develop a target for the therapy of cancer, aiming at elimination of tumor stem cells, as well as developing a straightforward test system for the quantification of poorly differentiated cells, including tumor-initiating stem cells, in the bulk tumor sample (biopsy or surgery specimen).
We applied a method of plasma arc synthesis to study effects of modification of the fluorite phase of ceria by tin ions.

By sputtering active components (Pt, Ce, Sn) together with carbon from a graphite electrode in a helium ambient we prepared samples of complex highly defective composite PtCeC and PtCeSnC oxide particles stabilized in a matrix of carbon. Subsequent high-temperature annealing of the samples in oxygen removes the carbon matrix and causes the formation of active catalysts Pt/CeOx and Pt/CeSnOx for CO oxidation. In the presence of Sn, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) show formation of a mixed phase CeSnOx and stabilization of more dispersed species with a fluorite-type structure. X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) reveals the presence of both Pt2+ and Pt4+ ions in the catalyst Pt/CeOx, whereas only the state Pt2+ of platinum could be detected in the Sn-modified catalyst Pt/CeSnOx.

These factors are essential for the observed high activity and thermic stability of the catalyst modified by Sn. Insertion of Sn ions into the Pt/CeOx lattice destabilizes/reduces Pt4+ cations in the Pt/CeSnOx catalyst and induces formation of strikingly high concentration (up to 50% at.) of lattice Ce3+ ions. Our DFT calculations corroborate destabilization of Pt4+ ions by incorporation of cationic Sn in Pt/CeOx. The presented results show that modification of the fluorite lattice of ceria by tin induces substantial amount of mobile reactive oxygen partly due to affecting geometric parameters of ceria by tin ions.
The paper investigates exterior and symmetric (co)homologies of groups. We introduce symmetric homology of groups and compute exterior and symmetric (co)homologies of some finite groups. We also compare the classical, exterior and symmetric (co)homologies. Finally, we derive restriction and corestriction homomorphisms for exterior cohomology.
In the Kurai ridge located in the southeastern Gorny Altai (Altai Mountains, Russia) metamorphic rocks of the Kurai complex are widely developed: granite‐gneisses, crystalline schists and amphibolites, including widespread Early Carboniferous mylonites and blastomylonites.

Oriented samples of blastomylonites were taken from the upper reaches of the Kuraika river for the microstructural study aimed to determine the kinematics of movements.

The analyses of thin cut samples show structural‐kinematic indicators that suggest two deformation events (left‐lateral shearing, then right‐lateral shearing).
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with an increased risk of brain atrophy, aging-related diseases, and mortality.

We examined potential advanced brain aging in adult MDD patients, and whether this process is associated with clinical characteristics in a large multicenter international dataset. We performed a mega-analysis by pooling brain measures derived from T1-weighted MRI scans from 19 samples worldwide. Healthy brain aging was estimated by predicting chronological age (18–75 years) from 7 subcortical volumes, 34 cortical thickness and 34 surface area, lateral ventricles and total intracranial volume measures separately in 952 male and 1236 female controls from the ENIGMA MDD working group. The learned model coefficients were applied to 927 male controls and 986 depressed males, and 1199 female controls and 1689 depressed females to obtain independent unbiased brain-based age predictions. The difference between predicted 'brain age' and chronological age was calculated to indicate brain-predicted age difference (brain-PAD).

On average, MDD patients showed a higher brain-PAD of +1.08 (SE 0.22) years (Cohen’s d = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.08–0.20) compared with controls. However, this difference did not seem to be driven by specific clinical characteristics (recurrent status, remission status, antidepressant medication use, age of onset, or symptom severity). This highly powered collaborative effort showed subtle patterns of age-related structural brain abnormalities in MDD. Substantial within-group variance and overlap between groups were observed. Longitudinal studies of MDD and somatic health outcomes are needed to further assess the clinical value of these brain-PAD estimates.
The quality of the recent GlueX $J/\psi $ photoproduction data from Hall~D at Jefferson Laboratory, and the proximity of the data to the energy threshold, gives access to a variety of interesting physics aspects.

As an example, an estimation of the $J/\psi$-nucleon scattering length $\alpha_{J/\psi p}$ is provided within the vector meson dominance model.

It results in $|\alpha_{J/\psi p}| = (3.08\pm 0.55 ({\rm stat.}) \pm 0.45 ({\rm syst.}))$~mfm.
This paper presents a basic formalization of university-government-industry interaction (the concept of the Triple Helix).Such formalization is based on game theory principles and methods, as well as the methods and instruments of the theory of optimal allocation of resources.The constructed models simulate the phases of R&D, implementation and commercialization of a new project, as well as risks and uncertainty on each of these innovation stages.Based on the presented formalization, a business simulation game as a game-experimental model was developed and tested.The paper demonstrates that game-theoretic and optimal resource solutions may serve as a benchmark for real interactions of the key stakeholders of innovation ecosystems of different scales.
triangular etch pits on the {111} faces formed during experimental diamond dissolution were found to completely correspond to negative trigons on natural diamond crystals in the shape and sidewalls inclination angle

We conducted a detailed study of the morphology of diamond crystals partially dissolved in a water-bearing kimberlite melt at pressure of 6.3 GPa, temperature of 1400 °C, and two oxygen fugacities (fO2) corresponding to the Re-ReO2 buffer and near the magnetite–hematite (MH) buffer

two experimental fO2 values were associated with two relief types of the rounded tetrahexahedroid surfaces typical of natural rounded diamonds. Therefore, the surface microrelief on rounded natural diamond crystals was concluded to be an indicator of the redox conditions of natural diamond resorption
Efficient treatment of inherited hyperphenyl-alaninemia requires exact identification of mutations defining the trait. Such knowledge is important both for effective individual therapy and understanding of the genetic history and evolution of regional populations.

DNA sequencing of amplified genome regions was used to identify mutations. Hyperphenylalaninemia-associated mutations in the phenylalanine hydroxylase locus were identified for 76 unrelated patients from the Novosibirsk region, Russia and for their family members. Twenty-one mutation types were identified, most of them rare and one (IVS2+1delG) not previously described. Common for European populations, the mutation p.R408W appeared to be the most frequent, with allele frequency 63.33%. We also looked for mutations in the quinoid dihydropteridine reductase locus in some patients. For 36 unrelated children PKU patients with known blood phenylalanine levels, we tried to find correlations between this level and the genotype.

Comparative analysis revealed correlations between blood phenylalanine levels and genotypes. The spectrum of phenylalanine hydroxylase mutations in the Novosibirsk region population appeared to be rather complex, probably as a result of mixed ethnic composition, formed by several multidirectional migration flows.
P-type and N-type photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensors were established in the laboratory to discuss the correlation between characteristic substances and photoactive material properties through the photogenerated charge carrier transport mechanism.

Four types of human esophageal cancer cells (ECCs) were analyzed without requiring additional bias voltage. Photoelectrical characteristics were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–vis reflectance spectroscopy, and photocurrent response analyses.

Results showed that smaller photocurrent was measured in cases with advanced cancer stages. Glutathione (L-glutathione reduced, GSH) and Glutathione disulfide (GSSG) in cancer cells carry out redox reactions during carrier separation, which changes the photocurrent. The sensor can identify ECC stages with a certain level of photoelectrochemical response. The detection error can be optimized by adjusting the number of cells, and the detection time of about 5 min allowed repeated measurement.
Intensively evaporating liquid films, moving under the friction of a co-current gas flow in a mini-channel (shear-driven liquid films), are promising for the use in cooling systems of modern semiconductor devices with high local heat release. In this work, the effect of various parameters, such as the liquid and gas flow rates and channel height, on the critical heat flux in the locally heated shear-driven water film has been studied. A record value of the critical heat flux of 1200 W/cm2 has been achieved in experiments. Heat leaks to the substrate and heat losses to the atmosphere in total do not exceed 25% for the heat flux above 400 W/cm2. Comparison of the critical heat fluxes for the shear-driven liquid film and for flow boiling in a minichannel shows that the critical heat flux is an order of magnitude higher for the shear-driven liquid film. This confirms the prospect of using shear-driven liquid films in the modern high-efficient cooling systems.
We examine moderate CO2 laser heating as a method of forming negative effective radius variations in conventional optical fiber.

Fiber samples were subjected to focused CO2 laser radiation in the form of 100 ms pulses with power 0.36 to 1.3 W and thermalization time up to 2.2 s. Fiber temperatures reached 200 to 300 degrees Celsius in each pulse. The temperatures are significantly smaller than the glass transformation temperature, which is nearly 1500 °C.

We show that short CO2 laser pulses may introduce negative variations up to 5 nm. The magnitude of the introduced variation increases roughly linearly for up to 6 pulses, and then fiber saturation is achieved. We reveal that it is possible to produce optical whispering gallery modes resonators in low-temperature heating mode and create a triangular-shape microresonator solely with the negative variations. The negative variations may also occur in peripheral areas of high-temperature heated fiber while introducing positive effective radius variations. To eliminate it, we propose low-temperature fiber annealing before high-temperature variations introducing. The negative variations may also be implemented to develop a new independent approach of shaping optical whispering gallery modes microresonators.
The article is devoted to the analysis of one of the key areas of repression in1937-1938 -"national" operations of the NKVD of the USSR, on which 347 thousand people were convicted.The place of -national‖ operations in the history of the Great Terror, the powers of the punitive bodies, the mechanisms of implementation and statistics of repression, as well as the specific interests of the central government, regions and the NKVD are analysed on the materials of the office work of departments and extra-judicial authorities.It is concluded that the mass terror was initiated by the Politburo of the Bolsheviks party, which delegated the NKVD broad punitive powers, sanctioning the extra-judicial nature of the repression and the implementation of a series of linear punitive operations.In the years 1937-1938, the NKVD of the USSR organised eleven national punitive actions, which, under the control of the party and due to the vertical mechanism of organization of power, allowed to implement both all-union and regional punitive directions.The massive character of repressions was provided by the extra-judicial authorities (the NKVD Commission and Prosecutor of the USSR ("dvoika"), and Special meeting of the NKVD and Special "troikas".The repressions did not take the format of ethnic purges, although in the spring of 1938, when the "national" operations took the most important place in the punitive policy, there was a trend to this direction, as 60% of the repressed were representatives of national minorities.The authors conclude that in the period of the Great terror in the USSR in the framework of the "national" operations the planned repressive actions aimed at "withdrawal" of "alien" and "non-indigenous" elements were carried out that led to the decline of expat communities.
Approximate estimates are obtained for the ratio of the velocity and thermal relaxation times of micron-sized particles of different chemical composition interacting with shock and detonation waves. The interaction of a cellular detonation wave with a cloud of inert particles is simulated taking into account their thermal and velocity relaxation.