Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
This mini-review is devoted to the problem genetic meaning of main polytene chromosome structures - bands and interbands. Generally, densely packed chromatin forms black bands, moderately condensed regions form grey loose bands, whereas decondensed regions of the genome appear as interbands.

Recent progress in the annotation of the Drosophila genome and epigenome has made it possible to compare the banding pattern and the structural organization of genes, as well as their activity. This was greatly aided by our ability to establish the borders of bands and interbands on the physical map, which allowed to perform comprehensive side-by-side comparisons of cytology, genetic and epigenetic maps and to uncover the association between the morphological structures and the functional domains of the genome.

These studies largely conclude that interbands 5'-ends of housekeeping genes that are active across all cell types. Interbands are enriched with proteins involved in transcription and nucleosome remodeling, as well as with active histone modifications. Notably, most of the replication origins map to interband regions. As for grey loose bands adjacent to interbands, they typically host the bodies of house-keeping genes. Thus, the bipartite structure composed of an interband and an adjacent grey band functions as a standalone genetic unit. Finally, black bands harbor tissue-specific genes with narrow temporal and tissue expression profiles. Thus, the uniform and permanent activity of interbands combined with the inactivity of genes in bands forms the basis of the universal banding pattern observed in various Drosophila tissues.
Substitution of the halide ligands in (Bu4N)2[Mo3S7X6] (X = Cl, Br) by diimine ligands, such as 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine (dmbpy), 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy) and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen), affords the neutral heteroleptic clusters Mo3S7Cl4(dmbpy) (), Mo3S7Br4(dmbpy) (), Mo3S7Br4(bpy) (), and Mo3S7Br4(phen) (). Further substitution of the halide ligands in Mo3S7Br4(diimine) clusters by dmit (1,3-dithiole-2-thione-4,5-dithiolate) allows the preparation of the mixed diimine-dithiolene neutral cluster complexes Mo3S7(dnbpy)(dmit)2 (, dnbpy = 4,4'-dinonyl-2,2'-bipyridine), Mo3S7(dcmbpy)(dmit)2 (, dcmbpy = 4,4'-dimethoxycarbonyl-2,2'-bipyridine), and Mo3S7(dcbpy)(dmit)2 (, dcbpy = 2,2'-bipyridine-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid). The optical limiting properties of complexes have been assessed by the open-aperture Z-scan technique at 570 nm, employing a nanosecond optical parametric oscillator. In order to investigate the effect of increasing the π-system, complexes , with the general formula Mo3S7X4(diimine), (X = Cl, Br), were compared to clusters , containing the dmit ligand. The influence of the metal content on the optical power limiting properties was also investigated by comparing the trinuclear series of complexes prepared herein with the bis(dithiolene) dinuclear cluster (Et4N)2[Mo2O2S2(BPyDTS2)2], which has been recently prepared by our group. All trinuclear clusters are efficient optical limiters (σeff > σ0) with the threshold limiting fluence F15% decreasing on proceeding from dinuclear to trinuclear clusters and, generally, on extending the π-system.
Experimental data are presented on the effect of inert (He, N2, Ar, CO2) and reactive (SH4, O2, CF3Br, (CH3O)3PO) gas additives to hydrogen flow and ambient air on flame separation during diffusion combustion of a hydrogen microjet emanating from a round micronozzle into air. The micronozzle is a stainless steel tube with an inner diameter of 0.5 mm, a length of 30 mm, and a wall thickness of 0.1 mm. The shadow method is used to determine the critical hydrogen velocity at which the flame of the hydrogen microjet separates from the nozzle upon injection of additives into air and into the hydrogen flow. It is found that the addition of the above gases to hydrogen narrows the microjet velocity range in which stabilization of the flame can be achieved with injection of both inert and reactive additives. For the hydrogen flow with the additives studied, the critical velocity of flame separation from the micronozzle depends primarily on the mean molecular weight of the gas mixture. In the case of the addition of the gases to the air surrounding the diffusion flame, the critical velocity of flame separation is determined by their effect on the chemical reactions of hydrogen oxidation (inhibiting effect) and by the reduction of oxygen concentration due to air dilution with the additive. The results could be of interest to experts in hydrogen energetics for determining the conditions of stable hydrogen microjet combustion and the minimum concentrations of flame-suppressing additives to air preventing the ignition and combustion of hydrogen after its accidental release.
Diethyl ether is hyperpolarized by pairwise addition of parahydrogen to vinyl ethyl ether and characterized by NMR spectroscopy. Proton polarization levels exceeding 8% are achieved at near complete chemical conversion within seconds, causing the activation of radio amplification by stimulated emission radiation (RASER) throughout detection. At low magnetic fields, long-lived singlet states extend the relaxation decay by approximately three-fold, paving the way to bioimaging applications. For more details see the Full Paper by E. Y. Chekmenev et al. on page 13621 ff.
We discovered a novel effect that can cause witness emittance growth in plasma wakefield accelerators. The effect appears in linear or moderately nonlinear plasma waves.

The witness experiences a time-varying focusing force and loses quality during the time required for the drive beam to reach transverse equilibrium with the plasma wave.

The higher the witness charge, the lower the emittance growth rate because of additional focusing of the witness by its own wakefield. However, the witness head always degrades, and the boundary between degraded and intact parts gradually propagates backward along the witness bunch.
Unlike the classical statement when the vacuum magnetic field obeys the div-curl system of pre-Maxwell dynamics

to better understand the influence of the electric field in vacuum we do not neglect the displacement current in the vacuum region and consider the Maxwell equations for electric and magnetic fields. The process of derivation of this estimate is based on various methods, including a secondary symmetrization of the vacuum Maxwell equations, the derivation of a hyperbolic evolutionary equation for the interface function and the construction of a degenerate Kreiss-type symmetrizer for an elliptic-hyperbolic problem for the total pressure.

Under the necessary and sufficient stability condition for a planar interface found in [Trakhinin Y. arXiv:1812.08675], we prove an energy a priori estimate for the linearized constant coefficient problem.
The Regge inspired k T -factorization scheme expresses the scattering amplitude for exclusive leptoproduction of a light vector meson ρ in terms of two impact factors, one for the γ *ρ transition and the other one for the nucleon to nucleon transition, with, at leading order, a two "reggeized" gluon exchange in the t-channel.We report here on a recent phenomenological study [?] where we apply a previously developped scheme [?] which consistently takes into account the twist 3 distribution amplitudes for transversely polarized ρ meson.The computation of the γ * → ρ impact factor are performed within collinear factorization of QCD, up to the twist 3 level, based on the Collinear Factorization scheme applied to the amplitudes γ * (λ γ )g(k) → g(rk)ρ(λ ρ ).Our results are in good agreement with high energy experimental data for the ratios of helicity amplitudes.
This paper reports new h-and p-versions of the least squares collocation method of high-order accuracy proposed and implemented for solving boundary value problems for the biharmonic equation in irregular and multiply-connected domains. This paper shows that approximate solutions obtained by the least squares collocation method converge with high order and agree with analytical solutions of test problems with high degree of accuracy. There has been a comparison made for the results achieved in this study and results of other authors who used finite difference and spectral methods.
The ${\overline{B}}^{0}$ meson decay used is the well known ${\overline{B}}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}J/\ensuremath{\psi}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ mode, where the ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ mass is consistent with that of the ${\overline{K}}^{*0}(892)$ meson. Using previous determinations of the ${\overline{B}}^{0}$ meson lifetime

The ratio of the ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{b}^{0}$ baryon lifetime to that of the ${\overline{B}}^{0}$ meson is measured using $1.0\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of integrated luminosity in 7 TeV center-of-mass energy $pp$ collisions at the LHC. The ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{b}^{0}$ baryon is observed for the first time in the decay mode ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{b}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}J/\ensuremath{\psi}p{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}$

The ratio of lifetimes is measured to be $0.976\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.012\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.006$, in agreement with theoretical expectations based on the heavy quark expansion. The ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{b}^{0}$ lifetime is found to be $1.482\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.018\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.012\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{ps}$. In both cases, the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic.
Three-dimensional nonlinear wave interactions have been analytically described. The procedure under interest can be applied to three-dimensional quasilinear systems of first order, whose hydrodynamic reductions are homogeneous semi-Hamiltonian hydrodynamic type systems (i.e. possess diagonal form and infinitely many conservation laws). The interaction of N waves was studied. In particular we prove that they behave like simple waves and they distort after the collision region. The amount of the distortion can be analytically computed.
The paper presents biological, economic and technological characteristics of the new spring common wheat cultivar Sibirskaya 21. Breeding work on the creation of the cultivar was carried out in Novosibirsk region on chernozem soils of the forest-steppe zone in 2004-2012 preceded by bare fallow. Observations and studies were carried out according to the conventional methods in comparative analysis with the standard cultivar Novosibirskaya 31. Cultivar Sibirskaya 21 was created by a single individual selection from a hybrid population (Novosibirskaya 67 × Udacha) × Sibirskaya 17, obtained as a result of intraspecific hybridization by the Tvel method and the estimation of recombinants in yield, intensity of plant productivity elements, flour-baking qualities of grain and resistance to the fungal pathogens on a provocative background to artificial infection. Cultivar Sibirskaya 21 is a variety of Lutescens. It is a mid-early cultivar, with the growing period of 72-82 days. Plant height is 95-105 cm. The average yield in fallow over the years of competitive variety testing amounted to 3.27 t/ha, which is 0.57 t/ha higher than the standard. The maximum yield was 6 t/ha. The cultivar is characterized by high drought resistance. In the highly arid year 2012, the yield was 1.97 t/ha, which is higher than the standard by 0.59 t/ha. Baking qualities of grain are average. The weight of 1000 grains is 29.0-37.0 g. The nature of the grain is 750-800 g/l. The content of crude gluten is 28.0 – 36.0%. The volume output of bread is 500-640 cm3/100 g. The total baking score is 3.7-4.2 points. The cultivar is resistant to covered and loose smut, slightly susceptible to powdery mildew, and moderately susceptible to leaf brown rust. The cultivar is included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements for the West Siberian region. It is recommended for cultivation in different areas of the Altai territory, Novosibirsk and Omsk regions.
We consider one-dimensional Burgers equation driven by large-scale white-in-time random force.

The tails of the velocity gradients probability distribution function (PDF) are analyzed by saddle point approximation in the path integral describing the velocity statistics. The structure of the saddle-point (instanton), that is, the velocity field configuration realizing the maximum of probability, is studied numerically in details. The numerical results allow us to find analytical solution for the long-time part of the instanton.

Its careful analysis confirms the result of Balkovsky et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 1452 (1997)] based on short-time estimations that the left tail of PDF has the form ln P(u(x))infinity-/u(x)/(3/2).
The article discusses trends in agriculture development in digitalization direction, substantiates need for monitoring pH level throughout year. The main solutions existing on market at moment are given, as well as need to develop a pH sensor for USKD-Agro hardware and software complex. The article discusses in detail the ongoing physical and chemical processes, on them basis pH level is determined, circuitry solutions used, as well as pH sensor implementation. The article describes the sensor calibration process, methodology and test results.
We describe degenerations of four-dimensional Zinbiel and four-dimensional nilpotent Leibniz algebras over C. In particular, we describe all irreducible components in the corresponding varieties.
A method for measuring the dependence of the brightness signal averaged over the image on the power of the incident radiation for measuring the transfer function of the camera and its linearization is proposed. The experimental results of testing the Canon EOS 500D, AxioCam HS and ToupCam 14MP cameras obtained in this work found that in specialized cameras the linearization of brightness signals is performed by the built-in software, and for household cameras it can be implemented by the proposed method.
Photo-chemically induced nuclear polarization yields to NMR signal-to-noise enhancement

can be tuned by chemical modification of one of the radical-pair partners
The genes for major ribosomal RNA were localized on chromosomes 5pter-p15, 9q64-qter, and 13q38-qter of the house musk shrew, Suncus murinus (Insectivora, Soricidae) by silver staining of mitotic metaphase and meiotic pachytene spreads and fluorescence in situ hybridization using the human 28S-RNA genes as a probe to mitotic metaphase spreads. The data presented indicate a correlation between sites of in situ hybridization and silver staining. The finding of nuclear materials in mitosis was in a good agreement with observation in meiosis: same chromosomes carried active NORs in both meiotic and mitotic cells.
Period of active global cybernation and business automation was marked by a problem for Russian employers in the form of a shortage of qualified personnel capable of ensuring the development and competitiveness in world business markets. There was a problem of forming a system for training new human resources that would satisfy the changing economic realities. The Russian Federation had a higher education system as one of the most stable and well-functioning mechanisms for training personnel for all economical sectors until the 90th of the last century, before the country collapse and the beginning of political and economic reforms. An indicator of the system effectiveness was that the graduates of Russian universities were invited to work by well-known corporations from many countries of the world.

The study examines preconditions for the system formation and the corporate education market development, provides current models of knowledge accumulation and proposes the author's cognitive model of personnel professional development.

Over the years of the reforms, Russia has lost its previous model of education, which significantly affects the quality of personnel training today [1]. Many Russian enterprises are forced to follow the path of independent training and specialists retraining. At first, training was organized locally, it was by chance, but Russian entrepreneurs began to adopt foreign experience in forming a knowledge system in a company and even create corporate universities over the time.
Background. The COVID-19 lockdown has had a significant impact on mental health. Patients with eating disorders (ED) have been particularly vulnerable.

Aims. (1) To explore changes in eating-related symptoms and general psychopathology during lockdown in patients with an ED from various European and Asian countries; and (2) to assess differences related to diagnostic ED subtypes, age, and geography. Methods. The sample comprised 829 participants, diagnosed with an ED according to DSM-5 criteria from specialized ED units in Europe and Asia. Participants were assessed using the COVID-19 Isolation Scale (CIES).

Results. Patients with binge eating disorder (BED) experienced the highest impact on weight and ED symptoms in comparison with other ED subtypes during lockdown, whereas individuals with other specified feeding and eating disorders (OFSED) had greater deterioration in general psychological functioning than subjects with other ED subtypes. Finally, Asian and younger individuals appeared to be more resilient. Conclusions. The psychopathological changes in ED patients during the COVID-19 lockdown varied by cultural context and individual variation in age and ED diagnosis. Clinical services may need to target preventive measures and adapt therapeutic approaches for the most vulnerable patients.
Subduction tectonics imposes an important role in the evolution of the interior of the Earth and its global carbon cycle; however, the mechanism of the mantle-slab interaction remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate the results of high-pressure redox-gradient experiments on the interactions between Mg-Ca-carbonate and metallic iron, modeling the processes at the mantle-slab boundary; thereby, we present mechanisms of diamond formation both ahead of and behind the redox front. It is determined that, at oxidized conditions, a low-temperature Ca-rich carbonate melt is generated. This melt acts as both the carbon source and crystallization medium for diamond, whereas at reduced conditions, diamond crystallizes only from the Fe-C melt. The redox mechanism revealed in this study is used to explain the contrasting heterogeneity of natural diamonds, as seen in the composition of inclusions, carbon isotopic composition, and nitrogen impurity content.
The archeological study of Siberia started in the 18th century by the employees of the scientific expeditions initiated by the senior state bodies. I. G. Gmelin belonged to the Second Kamchatka Expedition and drew up a description of the Uenskoe Fortress in the Novosibirsk Ob River region. Until now, A. P. Umansky, T. N. Troitskaya and A. P. Borodovskiy were engaged in determining the location of this archaeological site. They made several hypotheses that turned out to be incorrect. The article determines the reasons for the failures of these researchers: a fragmentary translation of the source text, inaccuracies in the translation and ignoring data on the Abakhanskoe Zimovie (small russian settlement) ground.

This paper is devoted to the results of the research within the framework of which the location of the Uenskoe Fortress was determined and the fortress itself was identified with one of the archeological sites discovered earlier. Within the framework of fulfillment of this task, one localized the Abakhanskoe Zimovie as this item of the 18th century is very important for localizing the Uenskoe Fortress. J. G. Gmelin’s itineraries were published in Germany in 1751 and 1752 (in Göttingen) and have not been republished and translated into Russia since then, so the article contains an abstract of the book translated into Russia that is related to the performed study. At the first stage one managed to localize the Abakhanskoe Zimovie that was located in the western part of the modern suburban settlement of Starodubravino, Moshkovo district, Novosibirsk region. Then according to the reference points provided by J. G. Gmelin and associated with the Abakhanskoe Zimovie, one determined the location of the Uenskoe Fortress in the western part of Cherny Mys to the north from the Zimovie. Afterwards, one compared the description of the fortress compiled by J. G. Gmelin and those fortresses discovered in this area earlier.

It was determined that the author of the itinerary described the archeological object of Dubrovinsky Borok-6 dating back to 500–400 BC. The experience in analyzing J. G. Gmelin’s itinerary in terms of localization of the Abakhanskoe Zimovie and the Uenskoe Fortress showed that the quantitative data as well as information related to the cardinal directions are rather approximate. Based on such data, it would be impossible to achieve the research objectives. Here one also discovered a mount on which the already studied archeological sites were located.
The resonant substructures of ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\overline{D}}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ decays are studied with the Dalitz plot technique. In this study a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $3.0\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of $pp$ collisions collected by the LHCb detector is used. The branching fraction of the ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\overline{D}}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ decay in the region $m({\overline{D}}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}})>2.1\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}/{c}^{2}$ is measured to be $(8.46\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.14\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.29\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.40)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$, where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second is systematic and the last arises from the normalization channel ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}^{*}(2010{)}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$. The ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ S-wave components are modeled with the isobar and K-matrix formalisms. Results of the Dalitz plot analyses using both models are presented. A resonant structure at $m({\overline{D}}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}})\ensuremath{\approx}2.8\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}/{c}^{2}$ is confirmed and its spin-parity is determined for the first time as ${J}^{P}={3}^{\ensuremath{-}}$. The branching fraction, mass and width of this structure are determined together with those of the ${D}_{0}^{*}(2400{)}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ and ${D}_{2}^{*}(2460{)}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ resonances. The branching fractions of other ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\overline{D}}^{0}{h}^{0}$ decay components with ${h}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ are also reported. Many of these branching fraction measurements are the most precise to date. The first observation of the decays ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\overline{D}}^{0}{f}_{0}(500)$, ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\overline{D}}^{0}{f}_{0}(980)$, ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\overline{D}}^{0}\ensuremath{\rho}(1450)$, ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}_{3}^{*}(2760{)}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ and the first evidence of ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\overline{D}}^{0}{f}_{0}(2020)$ are presented.
The current status of the 30 cm automated telescope project at Novosibirsk State University (NSU) observatory with Internet access is presented.