Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Transport properties of Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 are described by phonon-assisted tunnelling between traps. Comparison with transport properties of amorphous Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 demonstrates that the transport mechanism does not depend on the structure.

We study the charge transport mechanism in ferroelectric Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 thin films. The thermal and optical trap energies 1.25 eV and 2.5 eV, respectively, in Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 were determined based on comparison of experimentally measured data on transport with simulations within phonon-assisted tunnelling between traps.

We found that the trap density in ferroelectric Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 is slightly less than one in amorphous Hf0.5Zr0.5O2. A hypothesis that oxygen vacancies are responsible for the charge transport in Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 is confirmed by ab initio simulation of electronic structure.
Due to strong enhancement of loop effects in a superstrong magnetic field (B ≫ m 2 =e 3 ) the Coulomb potential becomes screened.

This phenomenon dramatically changes the dependence of the electron energy levels on magnetic field. In particular, the freezing of energy levels occurs so the ground energy level of light ions can never reach the lower continuum (become critical), no matter how strong the field is.

Therefore, the magnetic field affects the critical nucleus charge Z cr in two ways: i. it makes the electron movement essentially one-dimensional diminishing the value of Z cr ; ii. it makes the potential weaker increasing the value of critical charge. The phenomenon of critical charge itself is also discussed.
The detection of the first cases of tick-borne human granulocytic anaplasmosis in Russia, discovery of genetic markers for Anaplasma spp. in ixodid ticks and reporting of a significant number of cases of tick-borne infections in the southern part of Western Siberia give reason to suppose that causative agents of tick-borne anaplasmosis may be transmitted in Tomsk and its suburbs.

The analysis of 690 individual ixodid ticks (larvae and adults) was carried out for Ixodes persulcatus ( n = 530) and Dermacentor reticulatus ( n = 160) ticks collected in 2015–2016 on the territory of urban and suburban biotopes of Tomsk. Primary screening of ticks for the presence of genetic material of A. phagocytophilum was conducted using two-round PCR with species-specific primers for the 16S rRNA gene. The amplification (1,220 kB) of the groESL fragment of the heat shock protein operon was performed for positive isolates with subsequent determination of the nucleotide sequence in the gene fragment for phylogenetic analysis.

The number of A. phagocytophilum positive samples for I. persulcatus (larvae) was 1.2 ± 0.6%, I. persulcatus (adult) was 1.8 ± 0.7%; and D. reticulatus (adult) was 0.6 ± 0.3%. Analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the gene fragments in groESL operon for nine isolates confirmed that the genetic material of the granulocytic anaplasmosis was detected. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all the isolates belonged to the first group of the “new cluster” of A. phagocytophilum. The causative agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis has been newly detected in I. persulcatus ticks collected in urban and suburban biotopes of Tomsk and in D. reticulatus from urban foci.
Massively parallel reporter assays (MPRAs) enable high-throughput functional evaluation of numerous DNA regulatory elements and/or their mutant variants. The assays are based on the construction of reporter plasmid libraries containing two variable parts, a region of interest (ROI) and a barcode (BC), located outside and within the transcription unit, respectively. Importantly, each plasmid molecule in a such a highly diverse library is characterized by a unique BC–ROI association. The reporter constructs are delivered to target cells and expression of BCs at the transcript level is assayed by RT-PCR followed by next-generation sequencing (NGS). The obtained values are normalized to the abundance of BCs in the plasmid DNA sample. Altogether, this allows evaluating the regulatory potential of the associated ROI sequences. However, depending on the MPRA library construction design, the BC and ROI sequences as well as their associations can be a priori unknown. In such a case, the BC and ROI sequences, their possible mutant variants, and unambiguous BC–ROI associations have to be identified, whereas all uncertain cases have to be excluded from the analysis. Besides the preparation of additional “mapping” samples for NGS, this also requires specific bioinformatics tools. Here, we present a pipeline for processing raw MPRA data obtained by NGS for reporter construct libraries with a priori unknown sequences of BCs and ROIs. The pipeline robustly identifies unambiguous (so-called genuine) BCs and ROIs associated with them, calculates the normalized expression level for each BC and the averaged values for each ROI, and provides a graphical visualization of the processed data.
The work is devoted to the numerical simulation of the excitation and development of localized disturbances in the supersonic boundary layer of a plate with a sharp leading edge at a Mach number of 2 in a two-dimensional formulation.

Artificial disturbances are generated with the help of localized in time and space by changing the boundary conditions to the velocity component normal to the surface. The studies for two intensities of the impulse action were carried out.

It was found that with an increase in the intensity of the action on the boundary layer, the amplitude of the generated disturbances increases. The development of disturbances of various amplitudes is similar. The ratio of the level of total temperature pulsations to the level of mass flow pulsations was estimated for the investigated disturbances. It was found that at small distances from the source of disturbances, this ratio increases downstream, at the same time in the far field, it reaches a constant value.
We investigated the first laboratory-confirmed human case of cowpox virus infection in Russia since 1991.

Phylogenetic studies of haemagglutinin, TNF-α receptor-like protein and thymidine kinase regions showed significant differences with known orthopoxviruses, including unique amino-acid substitutions and deletions.

The described cowpox virus strain, taking into account differences, is genetically closely related to strains isolated years ago in the same geographical region (European part of Russia and Finland), which suggests circulation of viral strains with common origin in wild rodents without spread over long distances and appearance in other parts of the world.
Summary In search of the ancestors of Native American mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups, we analyzed the mtDNA of 531 individuals from nine indigenous populations in Siberia. All mtDNAs were subjected to high‐resolution RFLP analysis, sequencing of the control‐region hypervariable segment I (HVS‐I), and surveyed for additional polymorphic markers in the coding region. Furthermore, the mtDNAs selected according to haplogroup/subhaplogroup status were completely sequenced. Phylogenetic analyses of the resulting data, combined with those from previously published Siberian arctic and sub‐arctic populations, revealed that remnants of the ancient Siberian gene pool are still evident in Siberian populations, suggesting that the founding haplotypes of the Native American A‐D branches originated in different parts of Siberia. Thus, lineage A complete sequences revealed in the Mansi of the Lower Ob and the Ket of the Lower Yenisei belong to A1, suggesting that A1 mtDNAs occasionally found in the remnants of hunting‐gathering populations of northwestern and northern Siberia belonged to a common gene pool of the Siberian progenitors of Paleoindians. Moreover, lineage B1, which is the most closely related to the American B2, occurred in the Tubalar and Tuvan inhabiting the territory between the upper reaches of the Ob River in the west, to the Upper Yenisei region in the east. Finally, the sequence variants of haplogroups C and D, which are most similar to Native American C1 and D1, were detected in the Ulchi of the Lower Amur. Overall, our data suggest that the immediate ancestors of the Siberian/Beringian migrants who gave rise to ancient (pre‐Clovis) Paleoindians have a common origin with aboriginal people of the area now designated the Altai‐Sayan Upland, as well as the Lower Amur/Sea of Okhotsk region.
Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy is one of the most important spectroscopic tools for the investigation of biological macromolecules. Because of the low sensitivity of NMR it usually takes from several minutes to many hours to record such a spectrum.

In this work, it is shown that a bioactive derivative of the sunflower trypsin inhibitor-1 (SFTI-1), a tetradecapeptide, can be detected by the combination of parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP) and ultrafast 2D-NMR spectroscopy in less than ten seconds.

More information can be found in the Communication by G. Buntkowsky et al. on page 4025.
Using data samples of $102\times10^6$ $\Upsilon(1S)$ and $158\times10^6$ $\Upsilon(2S)$ events collected with the Belle detector, a first experimental search has been made for double-charmonium production in the exclusive decays $\Upsilon(1S,2S)\rightarrow J/\psi(\psi')+X$, where $X=\eta_c$, $\chi_{cJ} (J=~0,~1,~2)$, $\eta_c(2S)$, $X(3940)$, and $X(4160)$. No significant signal is observed in the spectra of the mass recoiling against the reconstructed $J/\psi$ or $\psi'$ except for the evidence of $\chi_{c1}$ production with a significance of $4.6\sigma$ for $\Upsilon(1S)\rightarrow J/\psi+\chi_{c1}$. The measured branching fraction $\BR(\Upsilon(1S)\rightarrow J/\psi+\chi_{c1})$ is $(3.90\pm1.21(\rm stat.)\pm0.23 (\rm syst.))\times10^{-6}$. The $90\%$ confidence level upper limits on the branching fractions of the other modes having a significance of less than $3\sigma$ are determined. These results are consistent with theoretical calculations using the nonrelativistic QCD factorization approach.
We present observation of ultra-narrow spectral modes in the generation of the random fiber laser by using a technique of optical heterodyning in real-time.

We found that such modes have a spectral width below 3 MHz.

The modes are spatially extended over the whole cavity and remain for tens of roundtrip times.
Background . Genetic modification of plants is one of the promising strategies to increase their resistance to insect pests. The development of metabolic or RNA interference systems for plant protection requires appropriate models of host-insect interactions. Nicotiana tabacum L. is a classical model plant used in molecular and metabolic engineering. We consider tobacco as a model for developing protective strategies against Colorado potato beetle ( Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say, CPB). Normally, tobacco is toxic for CPB due to high content of nicotine and related alkaloids in leaves. Modification of the tobacco genome could provide tobacco genotypes with altered metabolism suitable for CPB feeding. It is known that different mutations in Berberine Bridge-Like (BBL) genes cause different alterations in tobacco leaf alkaloid levels. In the current study, the Cas9/gRNA system targeting members of the BBL gene family of tobacco was used to create a line which can serve as a diet for CPB. Results . In order to obtain tobacco with modified alkaloid content, two gRNAs matching target sequences in six BBL genes were selected. Each gRNA was cloned into a gRNA/Cas9 generic vector. The created constructs were mixed and used for biolistic transformation of tobacco leaf explants together with the pBI121 plasmid harboring the kanamycin resistance gene nptII and the reporter E.coli betaglucuronidase (GUS) gene. Regenerants were selected on 100 mg/l of kanamycin and checked for transgene presence by histochemical GUS-assay. Unexpectedly, the regenerated plants displayed a variety of adverse phenotypic effects including different degree of growth and rooting inhibition, early flowering, increased number of internodes, changes in leaf shape, fusion of flowers, longostyly, and partial sterility. Only one from seven obtained calli produced a population of regenerated plants without severe phenotypic abnormalities. The NtaBBL5-14 line of clonally propagated plants was selected from this population and used for a CPB feeding experiment. It was shown that CPB larvae consume the leaves of NtaBBL5-14 line ten times more efficiently than the leaves of control plants (97±0.5% vs. 9±3% in 24 h respectively). Conclusion . The NtaBBL5-14 tobacco line is suitable for CPB feeding and can be further used as a model for studies in plant-pest interaction. The modification of other genes regulating nicotine metabolism can be a promising strategy to obtain tobacco plants edible for CPB with less pleiotropic effects.
Let ρ \rho be a metric on a space X X and let s ≥ 1 s\geq 1 . The function ρ s ( a , b ) = ρ ( a , b ) s \rho ^s(a,b)=\rho (a,b)^s is a quasimetric (it need not satisfy the triangle inequality). The function inf ρ s ( a , b ) \inf \rho ^s(a,b) defined by the condition inf ρ s ( a , b ) = inf { ∑ 0 n ρ s ( z i , z i + 1 ) \inf \rho ^s(a,b)=\inf \{\sum _0^n \rho ^s(z_i,z_{i+1}) z 0 = a , z n = b } z_0=a, z_n=b\} is a pseudometric (i.e., satisfies the triangle inequality but can be degenerate). We show how this degeneracy can be connected with the Hausdorff dimension of the space ( X , ρ ) (X,\rho ) . We also give some examples showing how the topology of the space ( X , inf ρ s ) (X,\inf \rho ^s) can change as s s changes.
In this study we used selectively-doped GaAs/AlAs heterostructure to fabricate a high-mobility two-subband electronic system with substantially different concentration of electrons in subbands. We observe microwave photoresistance at high numbers of magneto-intersubband oscillations (MISO). The system under study demonstrates microwave-induced resistance oscillations (MIRO) and MISO interference. MIRO in the studied two-subband system appear in lower magnetic fields comparing to MISO. This is an indication of some unknown mechanism that exists in the two-subband system and is responsible for MISO amplitude damping in low magnetic fields, while it does not affect the MIRO amplitude. Zero resistance states (ZRS) appear in the system under study under microwave irradiation in the narrow range of magnetic fields near the MISO maximum.
В докладе рассказываете об опыте прогнозирования биржевых котировок с применением аппарата нейронных сетей. Предлагается гибридная архитектура нейросети на основе самоорганизующейся карты Кохонена и многослойного персептрона, а также авторская идея иерархической структуры самоорганизующегося слоя и алгоритм справедливого обучения кластеров. Рассматриваются различные виды зависимостей в данных и приводится пример обучения подобной архитектуры на функции типа лунная поверхность . Report contains authors experience in predicting exchange rates time series with neural networks. The hybrid architecture suggested, based on Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) and Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) as well as authors method of building hierarchical SOM structure with equitable teaching algorithm. Different types of data dependencies discussed, and the example of adjusted model shown.
We present a study on the evolution of both transverse and longitudinal energy distributions due to oxygen–induced quantum efficiency degradation in the electrons emitted from a reflection–mode p-GaAs(Cs,O)-photocathode over an effective electron affinity range of χ * ∼ −0.1 eV to χ * ∼ +0.3 eV under illumination wavelengths λ = 808, 635 and 532 nm.

For λ = 635 and 532 nm, we found that the mean transverse energy of electrons emitted as the photocathode effective electron affinity increased has a non–monotonic character.

Our proposed fitting model links the measured response to changes in the relative number of thermalised and non–thermalised electrons in the total emitted photocurrent.
There is a hypothesis of the involvement of the glutamatergic system in the development of autism. It has been shown that the chronic experience in daily intermale confrontations leads to disturbances in social behavior: a decrease in communicativeness, disturbances of socialization, emergence of stereotypical behaviors that can be considered as symptoms of the autistic spectrum disorders.

So, the aim of this study was to investigate changes in the expression of glutamatergic (GG) and autism-related (GA) genes in the hippocampus of animals with impaired social behavior caused by repeated experience of social defeat or aggression in daily agonistic confrontations. To form groups of animals with contrasting behaviors, a model of sensory contact (chronic social stress) was used. The collected brain samples were sequenced at JSC Genoanalytica (http://genoanalytica.ru/, Moscow, Russia).

Transcriptomic analysis revealed a down-regulation of autism-related ( Shank3, Auts2, Ctnnd2, Nrxn2 ) and glutamatergic ( Grm4 ) genes in aggressive mice. At the same time, the expression of GA-related genes ( Shank2, Nlgn2, Ptcdh10, Reln, Arx ) and GG genes ( Grik3, Grm2, Grm4, Slc17a7, Slc1a4, Slc25a22 ) excluding Grin2a was increased in defeated mice. Correlative analysis revealed a statistically significant association between GG and GA expression. These results can serve as a confirmation of the participation of the glutamatergic system in the pathophysiology of the autistic spectrum disorder.
Growing evidence suggests that increased arginase activity affects vital bioprocesses in various systems and universally mediates the pathogenesis of numerous metabolic diseases. The adverse effects of arginase are associated with a severe decline in L-arginine bioavailability, which leads to nitric oxide synthase substrate insufficiency, uncoupling, and, eventually, superoxide anion generation and substantial reduction of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. In cooperation, it contributes to chronic oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction, which might lead to hypertension and atherosclerosis. Recent preclinical investigations point arginase as a promising therapeutic target in ameliorating metabolic and vascular dysfunctions. In the present study, adult rats with inherited stress-induced arterial hypertension (ISIAH) were used as a model of hypertension. Wistar rats served as normotensive controls. Experimental animals were intraperitoneally administered for seven days with nonproteinogenic amino acid L-norvaline (30 mg/kg/day), which is a potent arginase inhibitor, or with the vehicle. Blood pressure (BP), body weight, and diuresis were monitored. The changes in blood and urine levels of creatinine, urea, and NO metabolites were analyzed. We observed a significant decline in BP and induced diuresis in ISIAH rats following the treatment. The same procedure did not affect the BP of control animals. Remarkably, the treatment had no influence upon glomerular filtration rate in two experimental groups, just like the daily excretion of creatinine and urea. Conversely, NO metabolite levels were amplified in normotonic but not in hypertensive rats following the treatment. The data indicate that L-norvaline is a potential antihypertensive agent and deserves to be clinically investigated. Moreover, we suggest that changes in blood and urine are causally related to the effect of L-norvaline upon BP regulation.
Compounds based on new cyanide cluster anions [{Mo6I8}(CN)6]2–, trans-[{Mo6I8}(CN)4(MeO)2]2– and trans-[{W6I8}(CN)2(MeO)4]2− were synthesized using mechanochemical or solvothermal synthesis.

The crystal and electronic structures as well as spectroscopic properties of the anions were investigated. It was found that the new compounds exhibit red luminescence upon excitation by UV light in the solid state and solutions, as other cluster complexes based on {Mo6I8}4+ and {W6I8}4+ cores do. The compounds can be recrystallized from aqueous methanol solutions; besides this, it was shown using NMR and UV-Vis spectroscopy that anions did not undergo hydrolysis in the solutions for a long time.

These facts indicate that hydrolytic stabilization of {Mo6I8} and {W6I8} cluster cores can be achieved by coordination of cyanide ligands.
Изучение палимпсестов является важным направлением в исследованиях наскального искусства, т. к. позволяет получить информацию об относительной датировке изображений, перекрывающих друг друга. В некоторых случаях можно датировать целые стилистические традиции, распространенные на определенной территории. Палимпсест пункта Цагаан-Салаа IV (Монгольский Алтай) является одной из самых сложных многофигурных композиций комплекса местонахождений наскального искусства Бага-Ойгур и Цагаан-Салаа. На этой плоскости представлены фигуры, относящиеся к разным стилистическим традициям. Нашей задачей было по возможности точно реконструировать последовательность создания наскальных изображений этого палимпсеста. В ходе исследования были применены методы трасологического и сравнительно-стилистического анализа, документирование осуществлялось по методу фотограмметрии, результаты наблюдений при помощи микроскопа фиксировались в полевых условиях в технике прорисовки на прозрачную пленку. Удалось установить общую последовательность выполнения петроглифов многофигурной композиции Цагаан-Салаа IV. Для тех изображений, которые перекрывают друг друга, была установлена внутренняя относительная хронология. The study of palimpsests is an important area in research of rock art as it provides a possibility for obtaining information on relative dating of overlying images. In some cases, it is possible to date entire stylistical traditions which evolved in a certain area. The palimpsest from Tsagaan Salaa Sector IV (Mongolian Altai) is one of the most sophisticated multi-figured compositions from a set of rock art locations known as Baga-Oigur and Tsagaan Salaa. The surface reveals figures attributed to different stylistical traditions. Our task was to reconstruct precisely the sequence of creating rock images of this palimpsest wherever practical. During this study we applied methods of trace wear and comparative stylistic analysis, and used the photogrammetry method for documenting purposes. The results of our observations were recorded with the help of a microscope in field conditions using the method of tracing images into a transparent film affixed on a rock. We succeeded in establishing the sequence of making the petroglyphs of the multi-figured composition at Tsagaan Salaa Sector IV. Internal relative chronology was established for overlying images.
A scan of the threshold region of the process e + e − → τ + τ − with integrated luminosity about 140 pb −1 was performed with the BES-III detector at the BEPC-II collider in order to measure the τ-lepton mass. The beam energy was determined by the Compton backscattering method. To verify the measurement accuracy scans of the J /ψ and ψ ′ resonances were performed.