Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Strong explosive eruptions of volcanoes throw out mixtures of gases and ash from high-pressure underground reservoirs. Investigating these subsurface reservoirs may help to forecast and characterize an eruption. In this study, we compare seismic tomography results with remote sensing and petrology data to identify deep and subaerial manifestations of pre-eruptive processes at Bezymianny volcano in Kamchatka shortly before its violent explosion on December 20, 2017. Based on camera networks we identify precursory rockfalls, and based on satellite radar data we find pre-eruptive summit inflation. Our seismic network recorded the P and S wave data from over 500 local earthquakes used to invert for a 3D seismic velocity distribution beneath Bezymianny illuminating its eruptive state days before the eruption. The derived tomography model, in conjunction with the presence of the high-temperature-stable SiO 2 polymorph Tridymite in juvenile rock samples , allowed us to infer the coexistence of magma and gas reservoirs revealed as anomalies of low (1.5) and high (2.0) Vp/Vs ratios, respectively, located at depths of 2–3 km and only 2 km apart. The reservoirs both control the current eruptive activity: while the magma reservoir is responsible for episodic dome growth and lava flow emplacements, the spatially separated gas reservoir may control short but powerful explosive eruptions of Bezymianny.
Purpose. Based on the results of the study of materials of the Tartas-1 and Ust-Tartas-1 sites and radiocarbon dating, the article explores the Baraba culture of the early Neolithic era (VII thousand BC, entering the VIII and VI thousand BC). Results. The Neolithic parking lot, studied at Tartas-1, is represented by two structures, a smokehouse and a series of pits for storing fish. A significant number of finds from bone and stone have been found. The ceramic complex is of particular importance. These are flat-bottomed containers, made in the technique of orderly patchwork, using a molding cord on the top of the vessel, and roller-flow around the perimeter of the bottom. The ornament is represented by a complex plot of an asymmetrical composition. The stone industry is characterized as plate-like with a high value of linear technology. The absence of stone arrowheads is characteristic of this. Fish was harvested in pits. At different stages of operation, corpses of different animals were placed inside. The bones of Late Pleistocene fauna have been revealed. The original ritual complex was discovered on the monument of Ust-Tartas-1. Conclusion. In Baraba, the ceramics of Tartas-1 and Ust-Tartas-1 are similar to the ceramics of Autodrome-2/2, which is related to Boborykinskaya culture, direct dating of ceramics attributed to the last quarter 6th – mid 5th thousand BC. The early Neolithic sites of the North with complexes with flat-bottomed utensils date from the end of the 7th – first half of 6th thousand BC. Neolithic flat-bottomed utensils of Western Siberia should be assessed as a phenomenon of general historical and stage nature. The classification of Tartas complexes with flat-bottomed utensils to Boborykinskaya culture is inaccurate and incorrect. The latter appears to be much younger in time. The discoveries of sites with flat-bottomed ceramics allow a completely new idea of the dynamics of historical and cultural processes in the forest and steppe of the Irtysh area.
Stressful events in an early postnatal period have critical implications for the individual’s life and can increase later risk for psychiatric disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of early-life stress on the social behavior of adult male and female mice. C57Bl/6 mice were exposed to maternal separation (MS, 3 h once a day) or handling (HD, 15 min once a day) on postnatal day 2 through 14. Adult male and female mice were tested for social behavior in the social interaction test and for individual behavior in the plus-maze and open-field tests. Female mice exposed to maternal separation had increased social behavior and increased anxiety. MS male mice had no changes in social behavior but had significantly disrupted individual behavior, including locomotor and exploratory activity. Handling had positive effects on social behavior in males and females and decreased anxiety in males. Our results support the hypothesis that brief separation of pups from their mothers (handling), which can be considered as moderate stress, may result in future positive changes in behavior. Maternal separation has deleterious effects on individual behavior and significant sex-specific effects on social behavior.
Magnesium-aluminum spinel MgAl 2 O 4 was synthesized by mechanical treatment of a mixture of hydroxides followed by treatment of the solution at 80 ° C and sintering at 850° C. The obtained nanocrystalline sample with a specific surface area of 100 m 2 /g were used for the preparation of composite solid electrolytes (1-x) LiClO 4 -xMgAl 2 O 4.

It was shown that conductivity increases with the spinel concentration and goes through a maximum of 1.35·10 -2 S/cm at 150 °C for composite 0.3LiClO 4 -0.7MgAl 2 O 4.
Human uracil-DNA glycosylase SMUG1 removes uracil residues and some other noncanonical or damaged bases from DNA. Despite the functional importance of this enzyme, its X-ray structure is still unavailable. Previously, we performed homology modeling of human SMUG1 structure and suggested the roles of some amino acid residues in the recognition of damaged nucleotides and their removal from DNA.

In this study, we investigated the kinetics of conformational transitions in the protein and in various DNA substrates during enzymatic catalysis using the stopped-flow method based on changes in the fluorescence intensity of enzyme's tryptophan residues and 2-aminopurine in DNA or fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between fluorophores in DNA.

The kinetic mechanism of interactions between reaction intermediates was identified, and kinetic parameters of the intermediate formation and dissociation were calculated. The obtained data help in elucidating the functions of His239 and Arg243 residues in the recognition and removal of damaged nucleotides by SMUG1.
A bstract The three precision measurements of the cross section σ ( e + e − → π + π − γ(γ)) using initial state radiation by the KLOE collaboration provide an important input for the prediction of the hadronic contribution to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon. These measurements are correlated for both statistical and systematic uncertainties and, therefore, the simultaneous use of these measurements requires covariance matrices that fully describe the correlations. We present the construction of these covariance matrices and use them to determine a combined KLOE measurement for σ ( e + e − → π + π − γ(γ)). We find, from this combination, a two-pion contribution to the muon magnetic anomaly in the energy range 0 . 10 < s < 0 . 95 GeV 2 of $$ {a}_{\mu}^{\pi^{+}{\pi}^{-}}=\left(489.8\pm {1.7}_{\mathrm{stat}}\pm {4.8}_{\mathrm{sys}}\right)\times {10}^{-10} $$ a μ π + π − = 489.8 ± 1.7 stat ± 4.8 s y s × 10 − 10 . Data vectors and covariance matrices are available at http://www.lnf.infn.it/kloe/ppg/ ppg_2017/ppg_2017.html .
Two novel transient controlled source electromagnetic methods called circular electrical dipole (CED) and differential electrical dipole (DED) are theoretically analysed for applications in shallow marine environments. 1-D and 3-D time-domain modelling studies are used to investigate the detectability and applicability of the methods when investigating resistive layers/targets representing hydrocarbon-saturated formations. The results are compared to the conventional time-domain horizontal electrical dipole (HED) and vertical electrical dipole (VED) sources. The applied theoretical modelling studies demonstrate that CED and DED have higher signal detectability towards resistive targets compared to TD-CSEM, but demonstrate significantly poorer signal amplitudes. Future CED/DED applications will have to solve this issue prior to measuring. Furthermore, the two novel methods have very similar detectability characteristics towards 3-D resistive targets embedded in marine sediments as VED while being less susceptible towards non-verticality. Due to the complex transmitter design of CED/DED the systems are prone to geometrical errors. Modelling studies show that even small transmitter inaccuracies have strong effects on the signal characteristics of CED making an actual marine application difficult at the present time. In contrast, the DED signal is less affected by geometrical errors in comparison to CED and may therefore be more adequate for marine applications.
The influence of a monatomic carrier gas on cluster formation in supersonic methane jets is studied. The formation of methane clusters in a mixture with condensed argon and non-condensable helium with the same gas-dynamic parameters is then compared. It is shown that the methane clusters' formation intensity is extremely low both within a jet of pure methane, and in a mixture with carrier argon. The methane condensation process dependence on the properties of a carrier gas and the methane volume fraction in the mixture at the selected gas dynamic parameters of the flow is demonstrated. The effect of dissociative methane ionization and the fragmentation of methane clusters in the mass spectrometer detector on the recorded mass spectrum is established. The cluster methane ions protonation and the increase in their fraction with increasing clusters are recorded. Finally, magic numbers for methane clusters are found.
We report on the cryogenic characterization of Red Green Blue - High Density (RGB-HD) SiPMs developed at Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK) as part of the DarkSide program of dark matter searches with liquid argon time projection chambers. A dedicated setup was used to measure the primary dark noise, the correlated noise, and the gain of the SiPMs at varying temperatures. A custom-made data acquisition system and analysis software were used to precisely characterize these parameters. We demonstrate that FBK RGB-HD SiPMs with low quenching resistance (RGB-HD-LR$_q$) can be operated from 40 K to 300 K with gains in the range $10^5$ to $10^6$ and noise rates on the order of a few Hz/mm$^2$.
On reviewing the data in the literature it is obvious that the differences in the concentrations of certain special elements in human hair for a various number of people are too large to be used as standards or deviations from standards for determining the trace-elemental composition of hair. New questions have arisen with the publication of non-compatible data. What is the distribution of elements on the donor's head area? What is the character of this distribution? Is the distribution function identical for all elements?

Hair samples were taken from five points on the heads of six people. The hair samples were analysed using the method of X-ray fluorescence excited by synchrotron radiation (SRXRF), and the results were compared with those from a similar sample analysed using the method of total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF).

Elements which show a constant concentration all over the head are identified.
The search for variants of mitochondrial genome associated with atherosclerosis, in particular, with carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), is necessary to understand the role of the damage of mitochondrial genome in the development of atherosclerosis. Such data can be useful to provide novel genetic markers of predisposition to atherosclerosis and molecular targets for further development of technologies aimed to prevent age-related degenerative pathologies.

Data presented in this article demonstrate the association of several heteroplasmic variants of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) previously described as proatherogenic ones with cIMT in 251 participants (190 participants from Novosibirsk, Russia, and 61 participant from Almaty, Kazakhstan).

It was shown that the occurrence of some variants of mitochondrial genome is different in samples derived from Russian and Kazakh populations; the level of mitochondrial heteroplasmy m.13513G > A correlates negatively with mean cIMT in both Russian and Kazakh participants.
The given article features localizers of the prosecutive-comparative case in the Khakass language. The prosecutive-comparative case in the Khakass language, as well as in some other Turkic languages of Southern Siberia, has the meaning of lengthwise direction, a line. The given value is not expressed by any specialized grammatical form for the majority of Turkic languages, which makes its study important. The localizer is an important component of the analysis when functions and semantics of spatial cases are described. The article is aimed at revealing the structure of the localizers expressed by names or a combination of names which are used in the prosecutive-comparative case in the Khakass language. The analysis of the structure of such localizers shows that the space is characterized, basically, by two types: the extended space having some extent ("natural" space: ойым чир ‘a valley’, суғ ‘а river’, хас ‘coast’ and "artificial" space: орам ‘street’, чол ‘road, a way, a line’, тим i р чол ‘the railway’, саарсых азах чол ‘a footpath’, etc.) and a big space, with an extensive area ( тайға ‘a taiga’, талай ‘ the sea ’, чазы ‘steppe’, etc.). Thus, the prosecutive-comparative case in the Khakass language expresses relations not only as lines or lengthwise directions, but also as a general place of movement.
In the terms of envelope and the assumption of the narrow spectral width the super compact equation turns into the well known exact integrable model—nonlinear Schrödinger equation, and the breather solution in this case turns into envelope soliton.

The paper presents the long-time dynamics with multiple collisions of breathers in the super compact Zakharov equation for unidirectional deep water waves. Solutions in the form of breathers were found numerically by the Petviashvili method.

The results of numerical simulations show that two main scenarios of long-time dynamics occur during numerous collisions of breathers. In the first case, one of the breathers regularly takes a number of particles from the other one at each collision and in the second one a structure resembling the bi-soliton solution of nonlinear Schrödinger equation arises during the collision. Despite these scenarios, it is shown that after numerous collisions the only one breather having initially a larger number of particles remains.
We present a comparative analysis of Raman scattering by acoustic and optical phonons in InAs/AlAs quantum dot superlattices grown on (001) and (311)B GaAs surfaces. Doublets of folded longitudinal acoustic phonons up to the fifth order were observed in the Raman spectra of (001)- and (311)B-oriented quantum dot superlattices measured in polarized scattering geometries. The energy positions of the folded acoustic phonons are well described by the elastic continuum model. Besides the acoustic phonons, the spectra display features related to confined transverse and longitudinal optical as well as interface phonons in quantum dots and spacer layers. Their frequency positions are discussed in terms of phonon confinement, elastic stress, and atomic intermixing.
Background: Genetic predisposition takes one of the main parts at pathogenesis of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). Currently, HLA-B27 is a single genetic marker that used in classification criteria of axSpA. However, the presence of HLA-B27 does not affect the activity of the disease. An alternative biomarker of axSpA activity could be an immunoglobulin (Ig) A antibody to an invariant chain peptide associated with class II human leukocyte antigen (HLA) (anti-CD74).

Methods: In 48 patients with a reliable diagnosis of axSpA, aged 18 to 69 years ASDAS, BASDAI, BASFI were calculated. The polymorphisms of alleles of interleukin (IL)-17A197 a/g, IL-17F7 histidine (His)/arginine (Arg), IL-17F11139 c/g, HLA-B27 were evaluated. Serum concentration of IgA to CD74 was measured (the normal reference interval according to the instructions for the laboratory kit for serum IgA to CD74 is 0-12.0 U/L).

Conclusion: Serum concentration of IgA to CD74 exceeded normal reference level in axSpA patients in 70.1% of cases that was associated with ASDAS and BASDAI levels. Presence of heterozygote IL-17F polymorphism in his/arg allele was associated with increasing serum concentration of IgA to CD74 and with increased disease activity (ASDAS and BASDAI). Decreasing of serum IgA to CD74 concentration, less axSpA activity (ASDAS and BASDAI) were found in patients with presence of heterozygote IL-17F polymorphism in his/his allele.
Known models of the Universe development are discussed in the present work. At present it is not possible to state what model is true among the suggested ones because all models are based on the assumptions a validity of which is scarcely determined. There are plenty of reasons, and the most important ones are impossibility of experiments performance on a global scale, very short time of nature study and low accuracy of determination of fundamental physical constants to check their possible drift. In the most of models the intellect is an unnecessary attribute. Mankind is only an inner insignificant observer in the Universe.

We propose a new model of the Universe development which is based on the increasing facilities of our Mankind. In this model the Earth is considered as an analogue of supercomputer. Under certain circumstances Mankind is ready to carry out information processing for other civilizations, but such civilizations have not yet been found. The Creators of the Universe could be other customers. Computer-like model of the Universe suggests a communication with the Creators in future for execution of their calculation orders.

However this model is not complete because of lack of high rate of information transfer for long distances.
Metastatic spinal lesion remains one of the most difficult problems of modern medicine. The purpose of treatment of patients with metastatic spinal lesion is to reduce pain, improve the quality of life, restore stability in the affected segment, prevent or reduce neurological deficits. In order to build the right treatment tactics, it is necessary to evaluate the prognosis of the life of a patient with spinal metastases before treatment.

The study included 124 patients with metastatic spinal lesion operated in the spinal department in the period from March 2013 to July 2019 (64 (52 %) men and 60 (48%) women). The average age was 59 years and ranged from 18 to 78 years. The catamnesis ranged from 1 month to 6 years. 6 (5 %) spinal tumors were radically removed, palliative removal was performed in 77 (62 %) cases. In the remaining cases, 41 (33 %) underwent vertebroplasty. The mandatory diagnostic protocol of the preoperative examination included oncological status, clinical and neurological examination. The functional status of the patient was assessed on the Karnofski scale, life expectancy – on the Tokuhashi scale. In terms of preoperative examination, patients underwent computed tomography examination with intravenous contrast of three zones: the thoracic, abdominal cavities and pelvic region to determine the degree of dissemination of the process and, in some cases, to identify the primary focus. Currently, positron emission tomography is the optimal method of investigation at the preoperative stage. However, this method is not yet available in all clinics, so performing computed tomography scans of three zones is currently the optimal 'gold standard' for examining this category of patients.

The life expectancy estimate was calculated for each patient according to the Tokuhashi scale (2005). Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier curves within the Tokuhashi prognostic groups. The median survival within the Tokuhashi groups was more than 3 years for the group of 12–15 points (life expectancy over a year), 14 months for the group of 9–11 points (life expectancy 6 to 12 months) and 7 months for the group of 1–8 points (life expectancy less than 6 months). The Cox model was used to identify factors related to survival. Determining the tactics of surgical treatment of a patient with a metastatic lesion of the spine is a complex and multicomponent question to which there is no unambiguous answer. A multidisciplinary consultation is currently the most adequate and reliable way to determine the treatment strategy for this category of patients. The use of the Tokuhashi prognostic scale is an additional effective tool for determining the life expectancy of patients with spinal metastases, and thus, in some cases, serve as the tool with which it is possible to determine the tactics of surgical treatment of patients.
Bimetallic Pd-Au catalysts were prepared on the porous nanocrystalline silicon (PSi) for the first time.

The catalysts were tested in the reaction of direct hydrogen peroxide synthesis and characterised by standard structural and chemical techniques. It was shown that the Pd-Au/PSi catalyst prepared from conventional H2[PdCl4] and H[AuCl4] precursors contains monometallic Pd and a range of different Pd-Au alloy nanoparticles over the oxidized PSi surface. The PdAu2/PSi catalyst prepared from the [Pd(NH3)4][AuCl4]2 double complex salt single-source precursor predominantly contains bimetallic Pd-Au alloy nanoparticles. For both catalysts the surface of bimetallic nanoparticles is Pd-enriched and contains palladium in Pd0 and Pd2+ states.

Among the catalysts studied, the PdAu2/PSi catalyst was the most active and selective in the direct H2O2 synthesis with H2O2 productivity of 0.5 at selectivity of 50 % and H2O2 concentration of 0.023 M in 0.03 M H2SO4-methanol solution after 5 h on stream at -10 °C and atmospheric pressure. This performance is due to high activity in the H2O2 synthesis reaction and low activities in the undesirable Н2О2 decomposition and hydrogenation reactions. Good performance of the PdAu2/PSi catalyst was associated with the major part of Pd in the catalyst being in the form of the bimetallic Pd-Au nanoparticles. Porous silicon was concluded to be a promising catalytic support for direct hydrogen peroxide synthesis due to its inertness with respect to undesirable side reactions, high thermal stability and conductivity, possibility of safe operation at high temperatures and pressures and a well-established manufacturing process.