Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
A specific property of HIV‐1 reverse transcriptase compared with other DNA polymerases (procaryotes, eucaryotes, other retroviruses and archaebacteria) was its higher affinity to riboprimers as compared to deoxyriboprimers.

The kinetics of copying of poly(A) · (dT) n , poly(A) · (U) n , poly(dA) · (dT) n and poly(A) · (dT) 9 ‐U by reverse transcriptase of human immunodeficiency virus‐1 (HIV‐1) has been studied and the binding affinity of the enzyme, for template or primer, determined. Short oligonucleotides and dTTP served as primers in the HIV‐1 reverse‐transcriptase‐dependent DNA synthesis. K m and V max were measured as functions of the primer chain length; the logarithm of the values of both K m and V max increased linearly up to 10. For longer primers ( n = 11 to n = 24) the increase of those values changes very little. The enhanced affinity of the primers, (dT) n or (U) n due to the formation of one complementary pair, A · dT, dA · dT, A · U was estimated as a factor of 2. Relative initial rates when copying poly(A) or poly(dA) templates using different primers and various conditions were compared; the optimal temperature for the reaction of polymerization with poly(A) or poly(dA) templates and (U) 10 , (dT) 10 or (dT) 9 ‐U primers was determined. The activation energy ( E a ) values of the polymerization reaction for different template · primer complexes were evaluated.

The maximal activity of the enzyme in the case of poly(A) and decanucleotide primers was found at temperatures between 27–31°C. An increase in the primer length results in the stabilization of the template · primer duplex complexed to the enzyme, thus increasing to more than 40°C the optimal temperature of polymerization.
Magnetotransport in two submicron-sized devices formed on the basis of GaAs/AlGaAs structures has been simulated using nonequilibrium Green functions.

The effect of a perpendicular magnetic field on quantum transport in a quasi-one-dimensional quantum dot and in an Aharonov–Bohm interferometer has been analyzed in a single-particle approximation. Magnetic field oscillations of two-terminal conductance of the devices, equilibrium (persistent) current distributions and magnetic moment generated in the devices by persistent currents have been determined using numerical methods.

Correlations between the magnetic moment, magnetic field oscillations of conductance and energy resonance in a specific magnetic field have been traced. Sufficiently regular conductance oscillations similar to Aharonov–Bohm ones have been revealed for a quasi-one-dimensional quantum dot at small magnetic fields (0.05–0.4 T). For a ring interferometer the contribution to the total equilibrium current and magnetic moment at a specific energy may change abruptly both in magnitude and in sign as a result of changing magnetic field within one Aharonov–Bohm oscillation. We show that the conductance of an interferometer is determined not by the number of modes propagating in the ring but rather by the effect of triangular quantum dots at the ring entrance that produce a strong reflection. The period of the calculated Aharonov–Bohm oscillations is in agreement with the measurement results for these devices.
The process of high-energy soliton fission is experimentally and numerically investigated in a graded-index multimode fiber.

Fission dynamics is analyzed by comparing numerical observations and simulations.

A novel regime is observed, where solitons produced by the fission have a nearly constant Raman wavelength shift and same pulse width over a wide range of soliton energies.
High-energy particle accelerators have been crucial in providing a deeper understanding of fundamental particles and the forces that govern their interactions. To increase the energy of the particles or to reduce the size of the accelerator, new acceleration schemes need to be developed. Plasma wakefield acceleration(1-5), in which the electrons in a plasma are excited, leading to strong electric fields (so called 'wakefields'), is one such promising acceleration technique. Experiments have shown that an intense laser pulse(6-9) or electron bunch(10,11) traversing a plasma can drive electric fields of tens of gigavolts per metre and above-well beyond those achieved in conventional radio-frequency accelerators (about 0.1 gigavolt per metre). However, the low stored energy of laser pulses and electron bunches means that multiple acceleration stages are needed to reach very high particle energies(5,12). The use of proton bunches is compelling because they have the potential to drive wakefields and to accelerate electrons to high energy in a single acceleration stage(13). Long, thin proton bunches can be used because they undergo a process called self-modulation(14-16), a particle-plasma interaction that splits the bunch longitudinally into a series of high-density microbunches, which then act resonantly to create large wakefields. The Advanced Wakefield (AWAKE) experiment at CERN17-19 uses high-intensity proton bunches-in which each proton has an energy of 400 gigaelectronvolts, resulting in a total bunch energy of 19 kilojoules-to drive a wakefield in a ten-metrelong plasma. Electron bunches are then injected into this wakefield. Here we present measurements of electrons accelerated up to two gigaelectronvolts at the AWAKE experiment, in a demonstration of proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration. Measurements were conducted under various plasma conditions and the acceleration was found to be consistent and reliable. The potential for this scheme to produce very high-energy electron bunches in a single accelerating stage(20) means that our results are an important step towards the development of future high-energy particle accelerators(21-22).
Introduction. The attachment is viewed as the base for assessment of individual adaptation variation throughout life. In the capacity of the core indicator of the person’s unison with external environment, the psychological well-being combines the different aspects of child life. The assessment of the psychological well-being is based on three indicators: evidence of life satisfaction; life quality assessment; difficulty levels of external and internal spectrum. The aim of the current publication is to investigate the influence of features of attachment to mother on psychological well-being of primary school-age children.

Methodology and research methods. The methodological research framework was based on the main provisions of the attachment theory (J. Bowlby, M. Ainsworth). “Mother-Child Attachment Style Measure Questionnaire” method (Pupyreva, 2007) was employed to identify attachment features. The measure of psychological well-being was carried out by means of “Student’s Life Satisfaction Scale” (Toporkova, Slobodskaya et al., 2015), “Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory” and “Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire” (Goodman, Slobodskaya, Knyazev, 2005) methods. 178 primary school-age children (85 boys and 93 girls) aged 10 to 11 (mean age = 10.2) participated in the research.

Results. The analysis of the results showed that secure attachment among children reduces life satisfaction, facilitates the behavioural disorders and psycho-emotional reactions, impacts on limitation of social contacts and life quality. Using the regression analysis, it was revealed that the quality of the correlation between attachment indicators and psychological well-being vary depending on degree of attachment security. It is demonstrated that maternal responsiveness and attentiveness is an absolute predictor of life satisfaction, physical and social well-being and life quality in the primary school-age period, irrespective of the child’s attachment types. The absence of mother-child closeness is the predictor for disruption of physical, emotional and social functioning, low level of life quality in insecure attachment in primary school-aged children. Scientific novelty. The specificity of psychological well-being of primary school-aged children with different types of attachment to their mother is determined. It is shown for the first time that characteristics of attachment are the predictors of life satisfaction, quality of life, and mental health of primary school-aged children. Practical significance. By identifying different regression models for the description of psychological well-being on the basis of child-mother attachment indicators, it may be possible to provide interventions to improve psychological well-being based on the characteristics of attachment.
Micro-pattern gas technology is planned for the upgrade of the tracking system of the CMD-3 detector at the VEPP-2000 electron-positron collider in Budker INP. The upgrade includes a new cylinder tracking and trigger detector that consists of two tracking layers at a radius of 32 to 33 cm with coordinate resolution close to 0.1 mm in Z (along the beam axis) and trigger segments of about 1 cm in phi. Another new coordinate subsystem includes two end-cap discs with active area between radius of 50 mm and 250 mm, that provides spatial resolution in R and in phi close to 1 mm as well as trigger signal from the phi segments. For these two subsystems we plan to use micro-RWELL technology because it allows much simpler assembling of large cylindrical detector and large discs due to more rigid glass-fiber support as compared to the triple GEM technology. The new cylindrical detector and end-cap discs of the CMD-3 are considered as a prototypes of the Inner Tracker of the detector for the future Super C-Tau Factory (SCTF) at Budker INP. The SCTF is an electron-positron collider for the energy range of 3-7 GeV in the center of mass system that will provide luminosity of 10 35 cm −2 s −1 . Coordinate system of the detector for the SCTF will include among other systems, the Inner Tracker and the end-cap discs. The Inner Tracker will be 60 cm long and occupy radius up to 20 cm, while the end-cap discs will have radius up to 180 cm and will have to provide trigger signal. For the end-cap discs the MPGD option is considered based either on the triple-GEM or on the micro-RWELL, while for the Inner Tracker three main options are competing: compact Time Projection Chamber, silicon micro-strip tracker and cylindrical MPGD tracker. The first results of simulations with all these options are presented with preliminary discussion about the choice of the option.
Para-Hydrogen Induced Polarization (PHIP) experiments were performed in coupled multispin systems at variable magnetic fields. We studied the magnetic field dependence of PHIP in styrene, which is the product of hydrogenation of phenylacetylene.

At low magnetic fields where the spins are coupled strongly by scalar interaction efficient polarization transfer among the interacting protons takes place. The experimentally observed spectra are in good agreement with the simulation, which takes into account eight coupled spins. We also demonstrate effects of nuclear spin level anti-crossings on the PHIP pattern. It is shown that rapid passage through the level anti-crossing enables highly efficient polarization transfer between specific spin orders. In addition, we studied PHIP transfer to 13 C and 19 F hetero-nuclei.

It is shown that hetero-nuclei can be efficiently polarized in a wide field range; in particular, for polarizing them it is not necessary to go to ultra-low fields, which provide their strong coupling to protons. The resulting polarization is of the multiplet type and gives strong enhancements of the individual NMR lines. In general, variation of the magnetic field gives the opportunity for manipulating PHIP patterns and transferring polarization to target spins of choice.
We studied the discontinuous stationary solutions for the rheological mesoscopic modified model of Pokrovskii-Vinogradov, which describes the dynamics of liquid polymers. The Rankine-Hugoniot conditions for the model were introduced. We justified the existence of stationary solutions with flat surface of strong discontinuity for the case of constant velocity direction across the discontinuity and for the case with change of direction (rotating discontinuity). The stability of such solutions was also considered. For linearized equations of the model we posed the eigenvalue problem for partial solutions with unlimited grow in time. It was shown that such solutions exists in anisotropic case wich means the stationary solutions with flat discontinuity are unstable within the given model.
Some variations of human genome [for example, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)] are markers of hereditary diseases and drug responses. Analysis of them can help to improve treatment. Computer-based analysis of millions of SNPs in the 1000 Genomes project makes a search for SNP markers more targeted. Here, we combined two computer-based approaches: DNA sequence analysis and keyword search in databases. In the binding sites for TATA-binding protein (TBP) in human gene promoters, we found candidate SNP markers of gender-biased autoimmune diseases, including rs1143627 [cachexia in rheumatoid arthritis (double prevalence among women)]; rs11557611 [demyelinating diseases (thrice more prevalent among young white women than among non-white individuals)]; rs17231520 and rs569033466 [both: atherosclerosis comorbid with related diseases (double prevalence among women)]; rs563763767 [Hughes syndrome-related thrombosis (lethal during pregnancy)]; rs2814778 [autoimmune diseases (excluding multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis) underlying hypergammaglobulinemia in women]; rs72661131 and rs562962093 (both: preterm delivery in pregnant diabetic women); and rs35518301, rs34166473, rs34500389, rs33981098, rs33980857, rs397509430, rs34598529, rs33931746, rs281864525, and rs63750953 (all: autoimmune diseases underlying hypergammaglobulinemia in women). Validation of these predicted candidate SNP markers using the clinical standards may advance personalized medicine.
Camphor based heterocyclic systems containing 1,3-thiazolidin-4-one and thiazole rings

showed promising antiviral activity towards Orthopoxviruses
Calculating both EVA and DEA indices is an effective way to comprehensive performance estimation. Russian market is full of differences between largest companies which influence their operation results. Some of them have more refinement facilities, other differ in export share or capital structure. There are plenty factors which we determined at the first stage of this research to compare those companies. Though, not all of them can really explain effectiveness changes such as EVA fluctuations or it’s decreasing trough 2014-2017 years at Russian market. This is possible with using a method suggested in this research.
Most authors recognize that the currently dominant scientific paradigm assumes that genomic rather than functional factors regulate (cause, control) the growth of cranial bones and cranial sutures. In contrast, the authors of this article offer some clarifications to address some unintentional conceptual misconceptions, based primarily on an extensive review of the relevant current literature and their own experience. This article describes the increased modulation of mechanotransduction produced by skeletal muscle activity, to which bone cells respond maximally. The authors describe the actual chain of events that influences the stimulation of bone cell growth. This influence makes it possible to propose a means of controlling these processes and developing new correction methods, including suppression of phenotypic expression. The authors present the results of a study of the effect of mechanical loading of the masticatory muscles with a continuous stretching stimulus to increase the width of extension of the sagittal suture of the experimental animal in vivo. The methodology is described, and objective instrumental control data are presented. The results of statistical processing are also presented. The authors give empirical data in this paper. These experiments prove that chewing load is one of the primary stimuli that generate craniofacial variations, affecting the structure of the cranial suture. The authors conducted the experimental part of the research at the Vivarium of Conventional Animals Collaborative Center of the Federal Research Center of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
The molecular action of vasopressin depends on the localization of hormonal receptors. The basic physiological effects of vasopressin are manifested in the blood vasculature, renal inner medulla and brain. To date, new information concerning the tissue-specific spreading of vasopressin receptors has been accumulated, and it needs to be summarized. Platelets and endotheliocytes expressing V1a and V2 receptor types, respectively, are related to less investigated targets of the hormone. Vasopressin induces the initial reversible stage of platelet activation, required for interaction with intercellular matrix proteins. Platelet adhesion on endothelium activates cellular secretion of growth factors and enzymes for intercellular matrix glucosamine metabolism. Platelet hyaluronidase HYAL2 hydrolyses high-molecular hyaluronic acid to shorter fragments. Unlike intact hyaluronic acid with a molecular weight of several megadaltons, generally showing distinctive antiangiogenic properties, intermediate fractions of hyaluronan hydrolysis in a range from 2.5 to 200 kilodaltons have a stimulating effect on angiogenesis. Intercellular contacts between platelets and endotheliocytes are stabilized due to adhesive transmembrane glycoprotein PECAM-1 interaction. Resulting PECAM-1 heterodimers acquire conformation with high affinity to integrins αvβ3. Integrin activation forms contact links between endothelium and fibrillar proteins. Activated endotheliocytes secrete von Willebrand factor and P-selectin. These proteins are accumulated in Weibel–Palade bodies. Vasopressin stimulates cAMP-dependent ACAP-regulated exocytosis of Weibel–Palade bodies. von Willebrand factor possesses adhesive properties and additionally accelerates interaction of cells with the intercellular matrix. Adhesion on fibrillar collagen and membrane glycoproteins in cooperation with effects of PECAM-1–αvβ3 integrin complexes fixes cell aggregates in the surrounding interstitium and promotes proliferating endotheliocyte migration in according to the direction of local growth factor gradients during angiogenesis. Neurohormonal regulation of platelet and endotheliocyte secretory activity functionally link proliferation and migration of endotheliocytes during angiogenesis and integrate it according to the adaptive capacity of the entire organism.
The solid-state dewetting phenomenon was used to obtain submicron- and micron-sized SiGe particle arrays by the Ge deposition on Si(100) substrates.

Their transmission and reflection spectra were measured and numerically modeled by the FDTD method. They exhibit resonance effects in broad infrared spectral ranges, depending on the particle size.

The broadband antireflection property is associated with wide particle size distributions and the influence of a high-index substrate. The results show that the dewetting phenomenon provides the natural formation of arrays of particles shaped as close to a sphere segment, and they turned out to be effective as antireflection coatings.
Reaction of heterometallic cubane-type cluster complexes—[Mo3{Pd(dba)}S4Cl3(dbbpy)3]PF6, [Mo3{Pd(tu)}S4Cl3(dbbpy)3]Cl and [Mo3{Pd(dba)}S4(acac)3(py)3]PF6, where dba—dibenzylideneacetone, dbbpy—4,4′-di-tert-butyl-2,2′-bipyridine, tu—thiourea, acac—acetylacetonate, py—pyridine, with white phosphorus (P4) in the presence of water leads to the formation of phosphorous acid H3PO3 as the major product. The crucial role of the Pd atom in the cluster core {Mo3PdS4} has been established in the hydrolytic activation of P4 molecule. The main intermediate of the process, the cluster complex [Mo3{PdP(OH)3}S4Cl3(dbbpy)3]+ with coordinated P(OH)3 molecule and phosphine PH3, have been detected by 31P NMR spectroscopy in the reaction mixture.
The stability and accuracy of compact difference schemes with artificial viscosities of the fourth divergence order are studied. These schemes have a third order both of classical approximation on smooth solutions and weak approximation on discontinuous solutions. As a result of the stability analysis of these schemes in the linear approximation, the optimal values of their viscosity coefficients were obtained. Test calculations are presented to demonstrate the advantages of the new compact scheme compared to the TVD and WENO schemes when calculating discontinuous solutions with shock waves.
Chronic heart failure (CHF) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and very common comorbidities with bidirectional, mutually aggravating courses. DM2 is known as an independent risk factor of cardiovascular complications whereas a higher CHF functional class is associated with increased risk of DM2. At present time, hypoglycemic drugs of the gliflozin class and the angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) are widely discussed in connection with their use in the treatment of patients with CHF and DM. The PARADIGM-HF study investigated effects of long-term treatment of CHF with reduced ejection fraction with presently the only representative of the ARNI class, a single supramolecular complex of valsartan-sacubitril. This medicine has already exceled enalapril at the effect not only on the incidence of nonfatal and fatal cardiovascular events but also on general mortality. Mean age of patients included into that study was 63.8±11.5 years; 21 % of them were females. In real-life clinical practice, physicians more frequently see older patients, and most of them are females, particularly with DM2. On the other hand, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, including empagliflozin, significantly decreased the death rate and the frequency of CHF exacerbations in patients with DM2 and concomitant cardiovascular diseases, including CHF. This article describes a clinical case of initiating the valsartan-sacubitril treatment in combination with empagliflozin in an elderly female patient with congestive CHF with intermediate ejection fraction (EF) and comorbidities, including a history of myocardial infarction and DM2. Of interest is the rapid positive dynamics of clinical, laboratory (NT-proBNP) and instrumental (echocardiography) markers of CHF. At 3 months, the EF "recovered" from intermediate to preserved during the use of a comprehensive cardio-reno-metabolic approach. Both cardiologists and endocrinologists should definitely consider this approach in managing such patients since current cardiological drugs have additional pleiotropic metabolic effects whereas hypoglycemic drugs, in their turn, influence the cardiological prognosis.
Experimental study of flow in the draft-tube cone of a laboratory air model hydro-turbine was performed.

The evolution of the integral swirl number varied from BEP regime to deep part load operation conditions (discharge Q was a constant and speed of runner rotation n was varied) was found. Averaged velocity profiles were measured by two-component LDA system and were used for calculations of the swirl number. Tangential velocity pulsation spectra in the center of draft tube cone were analyzed to describe PVC formation.

Swirl number as an analytical expression of the operating parameters (flow rate, speed of rotation) was estimated by model from work [1] and showed good agreement in the region of zero-swirl condition.