Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
This work is devoted to the study of one of the largest caldera eruptions of the Kurile-Kamchatka island-arc system that occurred on the island of Iturup.

The object of investigation of this work are phenocrysts of quartz and plagioclase from dacite pumice of the Isthmus of the Isthmus, which is located on the island of Iturup. In the course of the work, the following were carried out: 1) adaptation and calibration of the Raman spectroscopy method for determining water in rhyolite melt's inclusions glasses in quartz and plagioclase from pumice stone; 2) determination of composition and estimation of water content in melt inclusions in quartz and plagioclase according to x-ray spectral analysis; 3) establishment of the regularities of the change in the water content during the evolution of the magmatic melt; 4) evaluation of fluid pressure by comparison with experimental data

The purpose of this work is to determine the water content in the melts that participated in the caldera eruption of the Vetrovoy Isthmus and the patterns of their changes during the crystallization of magma.
13C-hyperpolarized carboxylates, such as pyruvate and acetate, are emerging molecular contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) visualization of various diseases, including cancer. Here, we present a systematic study of 1H and 13C parahydrogen-induced polarization of acetate and pyruvate esters with ethyl, propyl, and allyl alcoholic moieties. It was found that allyl pyruvate is the most efficiently hyperpolarized compound from those under study, yielding 21 and 5.4% polarization of 1H and 13C nuclei, respectively, in CD3OD solutions. Allyl pyruvate and ethyl acetate were also hyperpolarized in the aqueous phase using homogeneous hydrogenation with parahydrogen over a water-soluble rhodium catalyst. 13C polarization values of 0.82 and 2.1% were obtained for allyl pyruvate and ethyl acetate, respectively. 13C-hyperpolarized methanolic and aqueous solutions of allyl pyruvate and ethyl acetate were employed for in vitro MRI visualization, demonstrating the prospects for translation of the presented approach to biomedical in vivo studies.
p66shc is a protein product of an mRNA isoform of SHC1 gene that has a pro-oxidant and pro-apoptotic activity and is implicated in the aging process. Mitochondria were suggested as a major source of the p66shc-mediated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), although the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We studied effects of p66shc on oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide or by serum deprivation in human colon carcinoma cell line RKO and in diploid human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). An shRNA-mediated knockdown of p66shc suppressed and an overexpression of a recombinant p66shc stimulated the production of ROS in the both models. This effect was not detected in the mitochondrial DNA-depleted ρ0-RKO cells that do not have the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC). The p66shc-dependent accumulation of mitochondrial ROS was detected with HyPer-mito, a mitochondria-targeted fluorescent protein sensor for hydrogen peroxide. The fragmentation of mitochondria induced by mitochondrial ROS was significantly reduced in the p66shc deficient RKO cells. Mitochondria-targeted antioxidants SkQ1 and SkQR1 also decreased the oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide or by serum deprivation. Together the data indicate that the p66shc-dependant ROS production during oxidative stress has mitochondrial origin in human normal and cancer cells.
All first-passage time distributions are essentially single-exponential.

The first-passage time to reach the native state may be determined by the time to find the native state among native-like ones.
If torsion exists, it generates gravitational four-fermion interaction (GFFI), essential on the Planck scale.

We analyze the influence of this interaction on the Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker cosmology. Explicit analytical solution is derived for the problem where both the energy-momentum tensor generated by GFFI and the common ultrarelativistic energy-momentum tensor are included.

We demonstrate that gravitational four-fermion interaction does not result in Big Bounce.
In this paper, low-temperature solid-state processes of the dehydrogenation of ammonia borane (NH3BH3, AB) samples of different purity are compared under the conditions of isothermal heating at 100 °C, as well as in the course of thermal analysis which was also carried out at different rates of heating.

The composition of boron-containing impurities was studied by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR FTIR) and 11B magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (11B MAS NMR).

Accumulation in AB of three- and four-coordinated borate anions upon contact of hydride with air moisture is established. The apparent activation energies were calculated from thermal analysis data, and found to decrease from 174 to 163 kJ/mol as the AB purity decreased from 93% to 79%. This showed itself in a shortening of the induction period during the AB thermolysis under isothermal conditions. The prospects of using the thermal analysis for estimating NH3BH3 reactivity are discussed.
Graded-index multimode optical fibers have recently attracted a renewed attention, thanks to the discovery of new nonlinear effects, such as Kerr beam self-cleaning. In essence, Kerr self-cleaning involves a flow of the propagating beam energy into the fundamental mode of the fiber, accompanied by a redistribution of the remaining energy among high-order modes. Increasing the fundamental mode energy leads to a significant improvement of the output beam quality. A standard method to determine beam quality is to measure the M2 parameter. However, since self-cleaning involves the nonlinear redistribution of energy among a large number of fiber modes, measuring a single beam quality parameter is not sufficient to characterize the effect. A properly informative approach requires performing the mode decomposition of the output beam. Mode decomposition permits to evaluate the energy distribution among all of the excited fiber modes, which enables investigations of nonlinear mode coupling processes at a qualitatively new level. In this work, we demonstrate an efficiency mode decomposition method based on holography, which is suitable for analyzing the self-cleaning effect. In a theoretical study, we describe the solution of the mode decomposition problem for the modes of the gradedindex multimode fiber. In an experimental investigation, we demonstrate the decomposition of both low-power (speckled) and self-cleaned beams, involving more than 80 modes.
Atopic diseases remain one of the most common childhood diseases. At the beginning of life, atopic dermatitis (AD) occurs, and only then bronchial asthma (BA). This staged development of sensitization and transformation of clinical manifestations is called the atopic march. Are the genetic factors of predisposition to AD the same for BA? There is still no definite answer to this question. Mutations in the filaggrin gene (FLG) are known to impair skin barrier function. Filaggrin is expressed not only in the skin, but also in the respiratory organs of the nasal mucosa, lungs, and bronchi. Filaggrin defects lead not only to disruption of the skin barrier, but also to an increase in the Th2 response and increased production of IgE, typical of bronchial asthma. Therefore, mutations in the FLG gene can be a risk factor for the development of not only AD, but also BA.

The aim of this study was to compare the values of the association of mutations in the FLG gene with AD and BA in the Russian sample. Material and methods. Case-control study design. We used 265 blood samples from children. 4 mutations in the filaggrin gene were identified by real-time PCR. The association of mutations with disease was assessed by odds ratio.

Results. We showed a strongly pronounced association of the deletion of 4 nucleotides (2282del4) with AD, but not with BA, although for patients with atopic BA the indicator of the association of this mutation with the disease was higher than for the group with symptoms of bronchial asthma identified by the ISAAC questionnaire. These results lead to the conclusion that the role of the filaggrin gene for BA is much less significant than for AD.
A temporal variation of a spectrum of excited modes in a continuously pumped erbium-doped random fiber laser (RFL) based on randomly distributed Bragg gratings is studied. The developed phenomenological theoretical model assumes a hard excitation mechanism of the eigenmodes’ instability. The model qualitatively explains peculiarities of the spectrum variation observed experimentally.
An annotated list of 29 species from 18 genera and 10 families of Trichoptera inhabiting rivers and streams of the Mountainous Shoria is given.

All species are recorded from this region for the first time.

Two species, Dicosmoecus obscuripennis Banks, 1938 and Rhyacophila lata Martynov, 1918, are new for Western Siberia. Moreover, Mountainous Shoria is the westernmost locality for Rhyacophila narvae Navas, 1926, Neophylax ussuriensis (Martynov, 1914), and Stenopsyche griseipennis (McLachlan, 1866) distribution.
Bacillus altitudinis strain KU-skv2(2) was isolated from a microbial mat on an anthropogenic pipe from Caldera Uzon (Kamchatka, Russia, 54°30'0.23″N, 160°0'15.18″E). The sequenced and annotated genome is 3,739,340 bp in size and encodes 3,929 genes.
It has been repeatedly demonstrated that the centromere-specific histone H3 (CENH3), a key component of the centromere, shows considerable variability between species within taxa. We determined the molecular structure and phylogenetic relationships of CENH3 in 11 Secale species and subspecies that possess distinct pollination systems and are adapted to a wide range of abiotic and biotic stresses. The rye ( Secale cereale ) genome encodes two paralogous CENH3 genes, which differ in intron-exon structure and are transcribed into two main forms of the protein, αCENH3 and βCENH3. These two forms differ in size and amino acid substitutions. In contrast to the reported differences in CENH3 structure between species within other taxa, the main forms of this protein in Secale species and subspecies have a nearly identical structure except some nonsynonymous substitutions. The CENH3 proteins are strictly controlled by genetic factors responsible for purifying selection. A comparison between Hordeum , Secale and Triticum species demonstrates that the structure of CENH3 in the subtribes Hordeinae and Triticinae evolved at different rates. The assumption that reticulate evolution served as a factor stabilizing the structure and evolutionary rate of CENH3 and that this factor was more powerful within Secale and Triticum than in Hordeum , is discussed.
The pattern of development of the economies of Europe and the world in recent decades is a focus on sustainable development. In accordance with the declaration of the United Nations Conference of 1992, sustainable development is defined as ≪equitable meeting the needs of present and future generations in the areas of development and the environment≫ and is established as one of the goals of government policy in many countries of the world. The concept of sustainable development solves the problem of choosing between achieving a high rate of economic growth and maintaining a clean environment.

The purpose is to study and quantify the impact of economic factors on the state of the environment in countries with different levels of development.

The study revealed existing patterns and built new mathematical models that can be used in strategic planning, allow predicting the possible environmental consequences of economic growth in Europe and the world. The use of the proposed models allows not only to assess the impact of economic growth on the environment in retrospect, but also to highlight the most significant factors contributing to the reduction of environmental pressure in the future.
This paper is a review of currently available data concerning interactions of tRNAs with the eukaryotic ribosome at various stages of translation.

These data include the results obtained by means of cryo-electron microscopy and X-ray crystallography applied to various model ribosomal complexes, site-directed cross-linking with the use of tRNA derivatives bearing chemically or photochemically reactive groups in the CCA-terminal fragment and chemical probing of 28S rRNA in the region of the peptidyl transferase center.

Similarities and differences in the interactions of tRNAs with prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes are discussed with concomitant consideration of the extent of resemblance between molecular mechanisms of translation in eukaryotes and bacteria.
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia and a predictor of the complications of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVDs), particularly thromboembolic events and the progression of heart failure. We analyzed the determinants of the 13-year risk of incident AF in a Russian population cohort of middle and elderly age. A random population sample (n = 9360, age 45-69 years) was examined at baseline in 2003-2005 and reexamined in 2006-2008 and 2015-2017 in Novosibirsk (the HAPIEE study). Incident AF was being registered during the average follow-up of 13 years. The final analysis included 3871 participants free from baseline AF and cardiovascular disease (CVD) who participated in all three data collections. In a multivariable-adjusted Cox regression model, the 13-year risk of AF was positively associated with the male sex (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.20; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.26-3.87); age (HR = 1.10 per year; 95% CI 1.07-1.14); body mass index (BMI), (HR = 1.11 per unit; 95% CI 1.07-1.15); systolic blood pressure (SBP), (HR = 1.02 per 1 mmHg; 95% CI 1.01-1.02), and it was negatively associated with total cholesterol (TC), (HR = 0.79 per 1 mmol/L; 95% CI 0.66-0.94). In women, the risk of AF was more strongly associated with hypertension (HT) and was also negatively related to total cholesterol (TC) level (HR = 0.74 per 1 mmol/L; 95% CI 0.56-0.96). No independent association was found with mean alcohol intake per drinking occasion. These results in a Russian cohort have an implication for the prediction of AF and ASCVD complications in the general population.
systems-computational-biology/) and at 10th International Young Scientists School (SBB-2018) (
Species of the mustelid subfamily Guloninae inhabit diverse habitats on multiple continents, and occupy a variety of ecological niches. They differ in feeding ecologies, reproductive strategies and morphological adaptations. To identify candidate loci associated with adaptations to their respective environments, we generated a de novo assembly of the tayra ( Eira barbara) , the earliest diverging species in the subfamily, and compared this with the genomes available for the wolverine ( Gulo gulo ) and the sable ( Martes zibellina ). Our comparative genomic analyses included searching for signs of positive selection, examining changes in gene family sizes, as well as searching for species-specific structural variants (SVs). Among candidate loci associated with phenotypic traits, we observed many related to diet, body condition and reproduction. For example, for the tayra, which has an atypical gulonine reproductive strategy of aseasonal breeding, we observe species-specific changes in many pregnancy-related genes. For the wolverine, a circumpolar hypercarnivore that must cope with seasonal food scarcity, we observed many changes in genes associated with diet and body condition. All types of genomic variation examined contributed substantially to the identification of candidate loci. This strongly argues for consideration of variation other than single nucleotide polymorphisms in comparative genomics studies aiming to identify loci of adaptive significance.
In this paper, the possibility of measuring the forbidden 21S0 – 23S1 transition frequency (1557 nm) of a helium atom by the method of stimulated Raman scattering through the intermediate 23P1 level is demonstrated. The transition is important for the spectroscopy of the helium atom because it relates the singlet and triplet parts of the spectrum.
The initiation of detonation in a reactive mixture by a small-diameter spherical projectile launched at supersonic velocity was studied for a reduced kinetic scheme of chemical reactions.

A mathematical technique based on the ANSYS Fluent package was developed for this purpose.

Numerical and experimental data on the flow regimes and detonation cell sizes are compared. There is agreement between the calculated and experimental flow patterns and detonation cell sizes for each regime.
To assess the dynamic changes and clinical significance of biomarkers of inflammatory processes in patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) with/ or without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) at various stages of treatment.

96 patients with acute MI after pPCI were examined. The level of inflammation markers was measured 4 times: before pPCI (first day from admission to the hospital), on the third day, 7–10 days (before discharge from the hospital) and 40–45 days after pPCI.

All groups of patients with MI showed an increase in the plasma activity of biomarkers of inflammatory processes. After pPCI for 40–45 days, there is a significant difference in the concentration of biomarkers, depending on the comorbid T2DM presence. Strong associations were found between cardiovascular biomarkers and post-MI cardiac remodeling and coronary atherosclerosis progression. The assessment of the levels of biomarkers of inflammatory processes may have additional clinical value in estimating the course of MI, including patients with T2DM at the postinfarction stages.
Seeded self-modulation in a plasma can transform a long proton beam into a train of micro-bunches that can excite a strong wakefield over long distances, but this needs the plasma to have a certain density profile with a short-scale ramp up. For the parameters of the AWAKE experiment at CERN we numerically study which density profiles are optimal if the self-modulation is seeded by a short electron bunch. With the optimal profiles, it is possible to ‘freeze’ the wakefield at approximately half the wavebreaking level. High-energy electron bunches (160 MeV) are less efficient seeds than low-energy ones (18 MeV), because the wakefield of the former lasts longer than necessary for efficient seeding.
A sensitivity-based identifiability analysis of mathematical model for partial differential equations is carried out using an orthogonal method and an eigenvalue method.

These methods are used to study the properties of the sensitivity matrix and the effects of changes in the model coefficients on the simulation results. Practical identifiability is investigated to determine whether the coefficients can be reconstructed with noisy experimental data. The analysis is performed using correlation matrix method with allowance for Gaussian noise in the measurements.

The results of numerical calculations to obtain identifiable sets of parameters for the mathematical model arising in social networks are presented and discussed.
Using the inclusive photon spectrum based on a data sample collected at the $J/\psi$ peak with the KEDR detector at the VEPP-4M $e^+e^-$ collider, we measured the rate of the radiative decay $J/\psi\to\gamma\eta_{\rm c}$ as well as $\eta_{\rm c}$ mass and width.

Taking into account an asymmetric photon lineshape we obtained $\Gamma^0_{\gamma\eta_{\rm c}}=2.98\pm0.18 \phantom{|}^{+0.15}_{-0.33}$ keV, $M_{\eta_{\rm c}} = 2983.5 \pm 1.4 \phantom{|}^{+1.6}_{-3.6}$ MeV/$c^2$, $\Gamma_{\eta_{\rm c}} = 27.2 \pm 3.1 \phantom{|}^{+5.4}_{-2.6}$ MeV.
Herein, an optical loss analysis of the recently introduced silicon carbide–based transparent passivating contact (TPC) for silicon heterojunction solar cells is presented, the most dominant losses are identified, and the potential for reducing these losses is discussed. Magnesium fluoride is applied as an antireflective coating to reduce the reflective losses by up to 0.8 mA cm − 2 . When applying the magnesium fluoride, the passivation quality of the layer stack degrades, but is restored after annealing on a hot plate in ambient air. Afterwards, a road map for TPC solar cells toward an efficiency of 25% is presented and discussed. The largest part in efficiency gain is achieved by reducing the finger width and by increasing the passivation quality. Furthermore, it is shown that TPC solar cells have the potential to achieve short‐circuit current densities above 42 mA cm − 2 if the finger width is reduced and the front‐side indium tin oxide (ITO) layer can be replaced by an ITO silicon nitride double layer.
A one-dimensional tight-binding lattice, the single site of which possesses a harmonically vibrating level is studied. The states of non-interacting electrons are considered both numerically and (in the case of narrow band) analytically. It is shown that at definite conditions the site reflects electrons incident from infinity absolutely and elastically. This phenomenon, called high-frequency blockade, is accompanied by the vanishing of the system static conductance when the Fermi level crosses the blockade states. Together with these states we have found local and reflectionless states. Possible realizations of the system as a lattice of quantum dots or a linear polymer are discussed.
In the paper, we construct a representation [Formula: see text] of the flat virtual braid group [Formula: see text] on [Formula: see text] strands by automorphisms of the free group [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] generators which does not preserve the forbidden relations in the flat virtual braid group. This representation gives a positive answer to the problem formulated by Bardakov in the list of unsolved problems in virtual knot theory and combinatorial knot theory by Fenn et al. Also we find the set of normal generators of the groups [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text], which play an important role in the study of the kernel of the representation [Formula: see text].
We start with the logical backgrounds of the notion and present the formalism of extending the syntax of Boolean truth values by the use of definable symbols, internal classes, outer terms and external Boolean-valued classes.

Next, we enrich the collection of Boolean-valued research tools with the technique of partial elements and the corresponding joins, mixings and ascents. Passing on to the set-theoretic signature, we prove that bounded formulas are absolute for transitive Boolean-valued subsystems. We also introduce and study intensional, predicative, cyclic and regular Boolean-valued systems, examine the maximum principle, and analyze its relationship with the ascent and mixing principles.

The main applications relate to the universe over an arbitrary extensional Boolean-valued system. A close interrelation is established between such a universe and the intensional hierarchy. We prove the existence and uniqueness of the Boolean-valued universe up to a unique isomorphism and show that the conditions in the corresponding axiomatic characterization are logically independent. We also describe the structure of the universe by means of several cumulative hierarchies. Another application, based on the quantifier hierarchy of formulas, improves the transfer principle for the canonical embedding in the Boolean-valued universe.