Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
We report herein a large-scale (>10 g) synthesis of isotopically enriched 1-13C-phosphoenolpyruvate and 1-13C-phosphoenolpyruvate-d2 for application in hyperpolarized imaging technology. 1-13C-Phosphoenolpyruvate-d2 was synthesized with 57% overall yield (over two steps), and >98% 2H isotopic purity, representing an improvement over the previous report. The same outcome was achieved for 1-13C-phosphoenolpyruvate. These two unsaturated compounds with C═C bonds were employed for parahydrogen-induced polarization via pairwise parahydrogen addition in aqueous medium. We find that deuteration of 1-13C-phosphoenolpyruvate resulted in overall increase of 1H T1 of nascent hyperpolarized protons (4.30 ± 0.04 s versus 2.06 ± 0.01 s) and 1H polarization (∼2.5% versus ∼0.7%) of the resulting hyperpolarized 1-13C-phospholactate. The nuclear spin polarization of nascent parahydrogen-derived protons was transferred to 1-13C nucleus via a magnetic field cycling procedure. The proton T1 increase in deuterated hyperpolarized 1-13C-phospholactate yielded approximately 30% better 13C polarization compared to that of nondeuterated hyperpolarized 1-13C-phospholactate. Analysis of T1 relaxation revealed that deuteration of 1-13C-phospholactate may have resulted in approximately 3-fold worse 1H → 13C polarization transfer efficiency via magnetic field cycling. Since magnetic field cycling is a key polarization transfer step in the side-arm hydrogenation approach, the presented findings may guide more rational design of a broad range of 13C hyperpolarized contrast agents for molecular imaging employing 13C MRI. The hyperpolarized 1-13C-phospholactate-d2 is of biomedical imaging relevance because it undergoes in vivo dephosphorylation and becomes 13C hyperpolarized lactate, which as we show can be detected in the brain by 13C hyperpolarized MRI; this feasibility demonstration has implications for future imaging of neurodegenerative diseases and dementia.
We study the evolution of thick domain walls in the expanding universe.

We have found that the domain wall evolution crucially depends on the time-dependent parameter C ( t ) = 1/( H ( t ) δ 0 ) 2 , where H ( t ) is the Hubble parameter and δ 0 is the width of the wall in flat space-time.

For C ( t ) > 2 the physical width of the wall, a ( t ) δ ( t ), tends with time to constant value δ 0 , which is microscopically small. Otherwise, when C ( t ) ≤ 2, the wall steadily expands and can grow up to a cosmologically large size.
Because the enzyme adenylosuccinate synthetase (AdSS) has long been extensively studied, a wealth of kinetic data has been accumulated.

We describe a mathematical model for the reaction catalyzed by AdSS. The model's parameters were fitted to experimental data obtained from published literature. The advantage of our model is that it includes relationships between the reaction rate, the concentrations of three substrates (GTP, IMP and ASP), the effects of five inhibitors (GMP, GDP, AMP, ASUC and SUCC), and the influence of Mg2+ ions. Our model describes the reaction catalyzed by AdSS as a fully random process. The model structure implies that each of the inhibitors included in it is only competitive to one of the substrates. The model was tested for adequacy using experimental data published elsewhere.

The values obtained for the parameters are as follows: V max = 1.35·10-3 mM/min, Km GTP = 0.023 mM, Km IMP = 0.02 mM, Km ASP = 0.3 mM, Ki GMP = 0.024 mM, Ki GDP = 8·10-3 mM, Ki AMP = 0.01 mM, Ki ASUC = 7.5·10-3 mM, Ki SUCC = 8 mM, Km Mg = 0.08 mM.
We study hadronic transitions between bottomonium states using data collected at the resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric energy collider.

We measure branching fractions and ratios, search for specific decays, and measure initial-state radiation production cross sections of resonances.

We find values compatible with expected ones, show indications for resonant contribution due to meson, and report no significant evidence for certain transitions.
Interaction between the rising vapor bubbles was investigated. The experiment was carried out in acetone under natural convection on a vertical heater 2.5 mm in diameter. Overheating of the heater surface before boiling-up varied from 30 to 120 degrees at saturation pressure from 20 to 40 kPa.

Experiments have shown that the field of velocity and pressure behind a rising bubble has a strong influence on the growth dynamics of vapor bubble located below. This influence depends on the distance between the bubbles and growth phase of the upper bubble.

When bubbles coalescence, high acceleration (100 m/s2) of particular parts of the interphase surface are observed. When the lower bubble coalescences with the upper bubble, the vapor spreads like a jet, and as a result, a conical perturbation is formed on the opposite side of the upper bubble.
We analyse correspondence of texts to a simple probabilistic model.The model assumes that the words are selected independently from an innite dictionary, and the probability distribution of words corresponds to the ZipfMandelbrot law.We count the numbers of dierent words in the text sequentially and get the process of the numbers of dierent words.Then we estimate the ZipfMandelbrot law's parameters using the same sequence and construct an estimate of the expectation of the number of dierent words in the text.After that we subtract the corresponding values of the estimate from the sequence and normalize along the coordinate axes, obtaining a random process on a segment from 0 to 1.We prove that this process (the empirical text bridge) converges weakly in the uniform metric on C(0, 1) to a centered Gaussian process with continuous a.s.paths.We develop and implement an algorithm for calculating the probability distribution of the integral of the square of this process.We present several examples of application of the algorithm for analysis of the homogeneity of texts in English, French, Russian, and Chinese.
Density-functional perturbation theory and Raman spectroscopy are used in the study of vibrations in bulk V${}_{2}$VI${}_{3}$ binary and ternary topological insulators as well as in ultrathin films composed of one and two quintuple layers.

Full dispersion curves along the Brillouin zone symmetry directions are calculated and analyzed and the zone-center Raman active modes are compared to the experimental results. The calculations of the two quintuple layer films reveal modes that correspond to displacements of entire quintuple layer blocks.

These modes have low frequencies and are Raman active. The phonon dispersion curves of one and two quintuple layer Bi${}_{2}$Se${}_{3}$ films are compared with recent helium atom scattering experiments [Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 186102 (2011)].
Extracellular vesicles provide cell-to-cell communication and have great potential for use as therapeutic carriers. This study was aimed at the development of an extracellular vesicle-based system for nucleic acid delivery. Three types of nanovesicles were assayed as oligonucleotide carriers: mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles and mimics prepared either by cell treatment with cytochalasin B or by vesicle generation from plasma membrane. Nanovesicles were loaded with a DNA oligonucleotide by freezing/thawing, sonication, or permeabilization with saponin. Oligonucleotide delivery was assayed using HEK293 cells. Extracellular vesicles and mimics were characterized by a similar oligonucleotide loading level but different efficiency of oligonucleotide delivery. Cytochalasin-B-inducible nanovesicles exhibited the highest level of oligonucleotide accumulation in HEK293 cells and a loading capacity of 0.44 ± 0.05 pmol/µg. The loaded oligonucleotide was mostly protected from nuclease action.
Впервые описаны сообщества Orthoptera в бассейне р.Карасук.Выявлено обитание 50 видов прямокрылых.

Среди них представлены как потенциальные
Russian market is full of differences between largest companies which influence their operation results. Some of them have more refinement facilities, other differ in export share or capital structure. There are plenty factors which we determined at the first stage of this research to compare those companies.

This is possible with using a method suggested in this research.

Calculating both EVA and DEA indices is an effective way to comprehensive performance estimation. Though, not all of them can really explain effectiveness changes such as EVA fluctuations or it's decreasing trough 2014-2017 years at Russian market.
A strictly determined number of external sensory organs, macrochaetes, acting as mechanoreceptors, are orderly located on drosophila head and body. Totally, they form the bristle pattern, which is a species-specific characteristic of drosophila. Each mechanoreceptor comprises four specialized cells derived from the single sensory organ precursor (SOP) cell. The conserved bristle pattern combined with a comparatively simple structure of each mechanosensory organ makes macrochaetes a convenient model for studying the formation spatial structures with a fixed number of elements at certain positions and the mechanism underlying cell differentiation. The macrochaete morphogenesis consists of three stages. At the first stage, the proneural clusters segregate from the massive of ectodermal cells of the wing imaginal disc. At the second stage, the SOP cell is determined and its position in the cluster is specified. At the third stage, the SOP cell undergoes two asymmetric divisions, and the daughter cells differentiate into the components of mechanoreceptor: shaft, socket, bipolar neuron, and sheath. The critical factor determining the neural pathway of cell development is the content of proneural proteins, products of the achaete-scute (AS-C) gene complex, reaching its maximum in the SOP cell. The experimental data on the main genes and their products involved in the control of bristle pattern formation are systematized. The roles of achaete-scute complex, EGFR and Notch signaling pathways, and selector genes in these processes are considered. An integral scheme describing the functioning of the system controlling macrochaete development in D. melanogaster is proposed based on analysis of literature data.
Hedonic reactions to various rewards play a key role in various forms of motivated behavior. The influence of repeated experience of social victories or defeats in daily agonistic interactions between male mice on voluntary consumption of vanillin sucrose solution used as hedonic reinforcer was studied. Intake of vanillin sucrose solution was shown to decrease in the winners and losers exposed to social confrontations as compared with the controls. Three days of deprivation failed to restore the intake of vanillin sucrose solution to the control level in the losers and did so in the winners. The results obtained imply that similar reaction of animals to a hedonic non-drug reinforcer may have different motivational origin depending on positive or negative social experience.
Sterically shielded nitroxides of the pyrrolidine series have shown the highest resistance to reduction. Here we report the synthesis of new pyrrolidine nitroxides from 5,5-dialkyl-1-pyrroline N-oxides via the introduction of a pent-4-enyl group to the nitrone carbon followed by an intramolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction and isoxazolidine ring opening. The kinetics of reduction of the new nitroxides with ascorbate were studied and compared to those of previously published (1S,2R,3'S,4'S,5'S,2″R)-dispiro[(2-hydroxymethyl)cyclopentan-1,2'-(3',4'-di-tert-butoxy)pyrrolidine-5',1″-(2″-hydroxymethyl)cyclopentane]-1'-oxyl (1).
We report high-pressure synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data for the W-rich cubic ZrW 2-x Mo x O 8 (x=0.4) up to 10 GPa with open decompression. This study shows that cubic- ZrW 1.6 Mo 0.4 O 8 transforms to orthorhombic phase at the 5.04 GPa. Pressure-induced reversable amorphization of material was observed at 8.13 GPa. The obtained data suggest that W-rich cubic ZrW 2-x Mo x O 8 (x=0.4) solid solutions are more attractive for creating products working under extreme conditions and mechanic stress.
An experiment on generation and transmission of an intensive electron beam through a magnetic mirror has been carried out at the GOL-3 magnetic trap.

An adapted theory and numerical modelling were used to find a maximal beam current for which no beam electrons are reflected. The effect of space charge and magnetic mirror of the reflection were taken into account.

A comparison of the computed limiting current with experimental value allowed us to validate a hypothesis that the appearance of reflected electrons is responsible for electric breakdown in the electron gun.
1D grooved metal gratings are actively used in the terahertz plasmonics for excitation of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). SPPs are traveling charge density waves at the surface of conducting materials. Since these modes have a non-radiative nature, they can be excited only if the configuration meets the wavevector-matching condition for the incident light and SPP dispersion law.

The wavelength gratings are the most suitable and cheapest solution to satisfy this requirement. Thorough optimization of the most suitable experimental parameters via numerical simulations leads to the enhancement of surface plasmon resonance response.

In this paper, the numerical results of the optimization of gratings with different groove profiles are discussed.
Using the entire Belle data sample of 980 ${\rm fb}^{-1}$ of $e^+e^-$ collisions

we present the results of a study of excited $\Omega_c$ charmed baryons in the decay mode $\Xi_c^+K^-$

We show confirmation of four of the five narrow states reported by the LHCb Collaboration: the $\Omega_c(3000)$ , $\Omega_c(3050)$, $\Omega_c(3066)$, and $\Omega_c(3090)$
Sorex araneus, the Common shrew, is a species with more than 70 karyotypic races, many of which form parapatric hybrid zones, making it a model for studying chromosomal speciation. Hybrids between races have reduced fitness, but microsatellite markers have demonstrated considerable gene flow between them, calling into question whether the chromosomal barriers actually do contribute to genetic divergence. We studied phenotypic clines across two hybrid zones with especially complex heterozygotes. Hybrids between the Novosibirsk and Tomsk races produce chains of nine and three chromosomes at meiosis, and hybrids between the Moscow and Seliger races produce chains of eleven. Our goal was to determine whether phenotypes show evidence of reduced gene flow at hybrid zones. We used maximum likelihood to fit tanh cline models to geometric shape data and found that phenotypic clines in skulls and mandibles across these zones had similar centers and widths as chromosomal clines. The amount of phenotypic differentiation across the zones is greater than expected if it were dissipating due to unrestricted gene flow given the amount of time since contact, but it is less than expected to have accumulated from drift during allopatric separation in glacial refugia. Only if heritability is very low, Ne very high, and the time spent in allopatry very short, will the differences we observe be large enough to match the expectation of drift. Our results therefore suggest that phenotypic differentiation has been lost through gene flow since post-glacial secondary contact, but not as quickly as would be expected if there was free gene flow across the hybrid zones. The chromosomal tension zones are confirmed to be partial barriers that prevent differentiated races from becoming phenotypically homogenous.
This article considers and analyzes the information, contained in ancient and medieval sources, about residence areas of the Yenisei and Central Asian Kyrgyz during particular historical periods, including late Antiquity, Early and High Middle Ages. These periods are related to the time of existence of political and military domination in the Central Asian Region of the ancient and medieval Turkic and Mongolian nomads, including Xiongnu, Xianbei, Turkic, Teles and Khitan nomadic ethnic groups.

The article analyzes the available informative historical data in ancient and medieval sources about the main resettlement areas of the Kyrgyz in different territories in definite time periods of their residence within the bounds of the Central Asian historical and cultural region.

Since their repeated resettlement into the eastern Tian Shan region in the era of the Kyrgyz Great Power, the Old Kyrgyz descendants could have reclaimed the mountains and valleys of Tengir-Too. They could have also restored their statehood at the turn of historical modernity, firstly in its capacity as a republic within the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and during the last decades by way of the independent state of the Kyrgyz Republic in the Commonwealth of Independent States. Despite all existing current complexities, the Kyrgyz keep their State.
Escherichia coli endonuclease VIII (Endo VIII) is a DNA glycosylase with substrate specificity for a wide range of oxidatively damaged pyrimidine bases. Endo VIII catalyzes hydrolysis of the N-glycosidic bond and β, δ-elimination of 3′- and 5′-phosphate groups of an apurinic/apyrimidinic site.

Single mutants of Endo VIII L70S, L70W, Y71W, F121W, F230W, and P253W were analyzed here with the aim to elucidate the kinetic mechanism of protein conformational adjustment during damaged-nucleotide recognition and catalytic-complex formation.

F121W substitution leads to a slight reduction of DNA binding and catalytic activity. F230W substitution slows the rate of the δ-elimination reaction indicating that interaction of Phe230 with a 5′-phosphate group proceeds in the latest catalytic step. P253W Endo VIII has the same activity as the wild type (WT) enzyme. Y71W substitution slightly reduces the catalytic activity due to the effect on the later steps of catalytic-complex formation. Both L70S and L70W substitutions significantly decrease the catalytic activity, indicating that Leu70 plays an important role in the course of enzyme-DNA catalytic complex formation. Our data suggest that Leu70 forms contacts with DNA earlier than Tyr71 does. Therefore, most likely, Leu70 plays the role of a DNA lesion 'sensor', which is used by Endo VIII for recognition of a DNA damage site.
The constitutive androstane receptor (CAR, NR1I3) is extremely important for the regulation of many physiological processes, especially xenobiotic (drug) metabolism and transporters. CAR differs from steroid hormone receptors in that it can be activated using structurally unrelated chemicals, both through direct ligand-binding and ligand-independent (indirect) mechanisms. By binding to specific responsive elements on DNA, CAR increases the expression of its target genes encoding drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters. Therefore, CAR is mainly characterized as a ligand-dependent or ligand-independent transcription factor, and the induction of gene expression is considered the canonical mode of CAR action. Consistent with its central role in xenobiotic metabolism, CAR signaling includes a collection of mechanisms that are employed alongside the core transcriptional machinery of the receptor. These so-called noncanonical CAR pathways allow the receptor to coordinate the regulation of many aspects of cell biology. In this mini-review, we review noncanonical CAR signaling, paying special attention to the role of CAR in energy homeostasis and cell proliferation.
We have developed the high-performance software and algorithmic software for solving the direct and inverse problems of modeling and inversion of spatially distributed magnetic, taking into account the relief. We show the results of solving the inverse problem of magnetic survey taking into account the relief for synthetic noisy data.
Drawing on the examples from the history of science and philosophy from G. Galileo to the works of the Moscow Methodological Circle in the second half of the 60s - early 70s of the 19th century the author considers the cultural phenomenon of positional thinking. Special attention is paid to the philosophy of I.G. Fichte.

The paper elaborates on and develops the concept of 'position'. An assumption is made and substantiated that Fichte's dialectics is a model of specifically positional thinking and provides a basis for determining the objective content of the concept of 'position'.

The paper also describes the context of the emergence of positional schemes, their specific structure and use in the works of MMK as a normative-logical apparatus, an alternative to formal logic. It also outlines the area of topical problems associated with the concept of 'position'.
Using samples of 102×106 Υ(1S) and 158×106 Υ(2S) events collected with the Belle detector, we study exclusive hadronic decays of these two bottomonium resonances to the three-body final states ϕK+K−, ωπ+π− and K*0(892)K−π+, and to the two-body Vector-Tensor states (ϕf′2(1525), ωf2(1270), ρa2(1320) and K*0(892)¯¯¯¯K*02(1430)) and Axial-vector-Pseudoscalar (K1(1270)+K−, K1(1400)+K− and b1(1235)+π−) states.

Signals are observed for the first time in the Υ(1S)→ϕK+K−, ωπ+π−, K*0K−π+, K*0K*02 and Υ(2S)→ϕK+K−, K*0K−π+ decay modes. Branching fractions are determined for all the processes, while 90% confidence level upper limits are established on the branching fractions for the modes with a statistical significance less than 3σ.

The ratios of the branching fractions of Υ(2S) and Υ(1S) decays into the same final state are used to test a perturbative QCD prediction for OZI-suppressed bottomonium decays.
Algorithmic cooling methods manipulate an open quantum system in order to lower its temperature below that of the environment. We achieve significant cooling of an ensemble of nuclear spin-pair systems by exploiting the long-lived nuclear singlet state, which is an antisymmetric quantum superposition of the "up" and "down" Zeeman states. The effect is demonstrated by nuclear magnetic resonance experiments on a molecular system containing a coupled pair of near-equivalent 13C nuclei. The populations of the system are subjected to a repeating sequence of cyclic permutations separated by relaxation intervals. The long-lived nuclear singlet order is pumped well beyond the unitary limit. The pumped singlet order is converted into nuclear magnetization which is enhanced by 21% relative to its thermal equilibrium value.
Buckypapers (BPs) with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are very promising for a lot of applications, in which their high conductance, strength and small weight are required.

In this work, isotropic BPs were prepared using the solution-based deposition that includes the single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) dispersion and the dispersion filtration from a solvent. To increase the BP conductivity, the orientation of the SWCNT bundles composing BPs and a following iodine doping were applied. The method of extrusion through the narrow (300 µm) gap was used for the SWCNT orientation. The temperature dependences of conductance for isotropic, oriented and doped BPs were studied to understand the effect of CNT alignment and the mechanism of transport through SWCNT BPs.

It was shown that bundle orientation increases the BP conductivity from ~10 3 S × cm -1 to ~10 4 S × cm -1 , and iodine doping of oriented samples additionally increase the conductivity by an order. The fluctuation – assisted tunneling between CNT bundles was used to describe the mechanism of low temperature conductivity.
Charm production at the LHC in pp collisions at s√=7 TeV is studied with the LHCb detector. The decays D0→K−π+, D+→K−π+π+, D⁎+→D0(K−π+)π+, D+s→ϕ(K−K+)π+, Λ+c→pK−π+, and their charge conjugates are analysed in a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 15 nb−1. Differential cross-sections dσ/dpT are measured for prompt production of the five charmed hadron species in bins of transverse momentum and rapidity in the region 0