Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Existing Monte-Carlo generators with radiative corrections to the e + e - →π + π - process are usually developed under the assumption that pions can be treated as pointlike particles.

We study the e + e - →π + π - γ process with final-state radiation and test this assumption using simulated events from the MCGPJ generator based on the scalar QED hypothesis. In order to increase a fraction of events with FSR, the analysis was performed in the energy region to the left from the ρ -meson peak (660÷785 MeV) that is based on the integrated luminosity of about 8.4 pb -1 .

The experimental data for the photon energy spectrum agree with the simulation results at 1% level.
Significance We discovered that contrary to other bird species and most other animals, all examined songbird lineages contain a different number of chromosomes in the somatic and germline genomes. Their germ cells have an additional germline-restricted chromosome (GRC). GRCs contain highly duplicated genetic material represented by repetitive elements and sequences homologous to unique regions of the somatic genome. Surprisingly, GRCs even in very closely related species, vary drastically in size and show little homology. We hypothesize that the GRC was formed as an additional parasitic microchromosome in the songbird ancestor about 35 million years ago and subsequently underwent significant changes in size and genetic content, becoming an important component of the germline genome.
The famous Toms effect (1948) consists of a substantial increase of the critical Reynolds number when a small amount of soluble polymer is introduced into water. The most noticeable influence of polymer additives is manifested in the boundary layer near solid surfaces. The task includes the ratio of two characteristic length scales, one of which is the Prandtl scale, and the other is defined as the square root of the normalized coefficient of relaxation viscosity (Frolovskaya and Pukhnachev, 2018) and does not depend on the characteristics of the motion. In the limit case, when the ratio of these two scales tends to zero, the equations of the boundary layer are exactly integrated. One of the goals of the present paper is group analysis of the boundary layer equations in two mathematical models of the flow of aqueous polymer solutions: the second grade fluid (Rivlin and Ericksen, 1955) and the Pavlovskii model (1971). The equations of the plane non-stationary boundary layer in the Pavlovskii model are studied in more details. The equations contain an arbitrary function depending on the longitudinal coordinate and time. This function sets the pressure gradient of the external flow. The problem of group classification with respect to this function is analyzed. All functions for which there is an extension of the kernels of admitted Lie groups are found. Among the invariant solutions of the new model of the boundary layer, a special place is taken by the solution of the stationary problem of flow around a rectilinear plate.
Boron neutron capture therapy (bnct) is a promising method for treating tumors, in particular, infiltrative malignant tumors, due to the selective destruction of tumor cells without damaging the surrounding normal tissues. This type of therapy is based on nuclear reaction of neutron capture by stable 10b isotope. For the successful implementation of bnct, boron delivery drugs that must be selectively accumulated in malignant cells in a sufficient amount, and a neutron source with the energy required for the neutron capture reaction are needed. At the budker institute of nuclear physics, the accelerator-based neutron source was designed with flux parameters allowing studies on bnct to be conducted.

Human cell cultures: glioblastoma (u87), colorectal human adenocarcinoma (sw-620), human melanoma (sk-mel28) and primary embryonic cell lines were irradiated with a neutron flux at the presence of bpa, bsh and liposomal bsh with a concentration of 10b 40 μg/ml. The short-term cytotoxic effect of irradiation was evaluated using trypan blue. Cell survival 96 hours after irradiation was determined using mtt test, and survival fraction was evaluated using the clonogenic test.

Early cytotoxic effects of irradiation were not observed for all 4 cell lines. According to mtt and clonogenic tests, the most pronounced effect of bnct was noticed for sw-620 and u87 lines, regardless of boron delivery drug used. For sk-mel28 line, the best effect was achieved after irradiation with liposomal borocaptate. For the primary transplanted embryonic line, high toxicity was revealed when bnct was performed with borphenylalanine and borcaptate. The data obtained indicate that the accelerator-based bnct using boron delivery drugs, such as borphenylalanine, borcaptate and liposomal borcaptat, has a positive effect on tumor lines of glioblastoma, colorectal adenocarcinoma and melanoma.
Within the framework of the screening in 1994-95 under the WHO MONICA-psychosocial (MOPSY) program (n = 1527, 43% males, mean age 44.85 ± 0.4 years), in 2003-2005 under the international project HAPIEE (n=1650, 34,9% males, mean age 54,25±0,2 years), in 2013-2016 (n=975, 43,8% males, mean age 34,5±0,4 years) and 2016-2017 гг.( n=663, 41,3% years 51,95±0,32 years) within the framework of the budgetary theme No. АААА-А17-117112850280-2, random representative samples of men and women in one of districts in Novosibirsk were examined.

Social support is assessed using the Berkman-Syme scale. The index of close contacts (ICC) and social networks (SNI) was assessed.

In the period 1994-2005, a high level of social isolation among men and women was determined in the open population. By 2017, the clear trend in the increase in the level of social interactions changed to a negative side, especially among women in the 45-54 age group.
A series of 5%Ni-CexZr1−xO2 (x = 0.3, 0.5, 0.7) catalysts has been prepared via one-pot solvothermal continuous synthesis in supercritical isopropanol and incipient wetness impregnation of CexZr1−xO2 obtained by the same route. The textural, structural, red-ox, and catalytic properties in methane dry reforming (MDR) of Ni-modified Ce-Zr oxides synthesized by two routes have been compared. It was shown by XRD, TEM, and Raman spectroscopy that the method of Ni introduction does not affect the phase composition of the catalysts, but determines the dispersion of NiO. Despite a high dispersion of NiO and near-uniform distribution of Ni within Ce-Zr particles observed for the one-pot catalysts, they have shown a lower activity and stability in MDR as compared with impregnated ones. This is a result of a low Ni concentration in the surface layer due to segregation of Ce and decoration of nickel nanoparticles with support species.
The central geographical position of the Caspian region plays a key role in understanding the historical processes which took place in the territory of Central Asia. One of the important geological factors that influenced the processes of settlement in this region by ancient populations is the transgressive-regressive variability of the Caspian sea level and access to fresh water. There are dozens of Early Holocene sites on the Krasnovodsk Peninsula (Eastern Caspian), most of them being surface complexes. The interpretation of these complexes has so far been controversial due to the lack of stratigraphic context and absolute dating.

Purpose. This paper analyzes the techno-typological characteristics of lithic tool assemblages assigned to Early Holocene industries from Eastern Caspian site Sai Djanurpa. The article also discusses the links of how the dynamics of the ancient shores of the Caspian influenced settlement dynamics in the region. Results. The conducted detailed techno-typological analysis of the lithic collection of Sai Djanurpa allowed to discern two distinct complexes. The two complexes defined by different technological and typological characteristics: types of chips, types of tools and metric indicators. The first complex is characterized by the exploitation of chalcedony flint for the production of blades by soft hammer percussion, by borer, end-scraper and retouched flakes in the toolkit. The second complex is associated with the use of chalcedony, sandstone and flint for the production of microbladelets by the pressure technique, from conical and frontal cores. The toolkit of the second set of complexes is characterized by bifacial narrow points, burins, ventral retouched microblades and micro-scrapers.

Based on the analysis of the lithic assemblages, the geomorphological position of the site and the paleogeographic condition of the Caspian region, the authors assume that two different populations with two different material cultures inhabited the Sai Djanurpa site during the final Pleistocene – early Holocene and the middle Holocene.
The complex nonlinear dynamics of mode-locked fibre lasers, including a broad variety of dissipative structures and self-organization effects, have drawn significant research interest. Around the 2 μ m band, conventional saturable absorbers (SAs) possess small modulation depth and slow relaxation time and, therefore, are incapable of ensuring complex inter-pulse dynamics and bound-state soliton generation. We present observation of multi-soliton complex generation in mode-locked thulium (Tm)-doped fibre laser, using double-wall carbon nanotubes (DWNT-SA) and nonlinear polarisation evolution (NPE). The rigid structure of DWNTs ensures high modulation depth (64%), fast relaxation (1.25 ps) and high thermal damage threshold. This enables formation of 560-fs soliton pulses; two-soliton bound-state with 560 fs pulse duration and 1.37 ps separation; and singlet+doublet soliton structures with 1.8 ps duration and 6 ps separation. Numerical simulations based on the vectorial nonlinear Schr¨odinger equation demonstrate a transition from single-pulse to two-soliton bound-states generation. The results imply that DWNTs are an excellent SA for the formation of steady single- and multi-soliton structures around 2 μ m region, which could not be supported by single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). The combination of the potential bandwidth resource around 2 μ m with the soliton molecule concept for encoding two bits of data per clock period opens exciting opportunities for data-carrying capacity enhancement.
Stability of inviscid shear shallow water flows with free surface is studied in the framework of the Benney equations. This is done by investigating the generalized hyperbolicity of the integrodifferential Benney system of equations. It is shown that all shear flows having monotonic convex velocity profiles are stable. The hydrodynamic approximations of the model corresponding to the classes of flows with piecewise linear continuous and discontinuous velocity profiles are derived and studied. It is shown that these approximations possess Hamiltonian structure and a complete system of Riemann invariants, which are found in an explicit form. Sufficient conditions for hyperbolicity of the governing equations for such multilayer flows are formulated. The generalization of the above results to the case of stratified fluid is less obvious, however, it is established that vorticity has a stabilizing effect.
The cross section for exclusive heavy-quark and heavy-antiquark pair ($Q\mathrm{Q\ifmmode \bar{}\else \={}\fi{}}$) production in peripheral ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions is calculated at an energy available at the CERN Large Hadron Collider, i.e., $\sqrt{{s}_{\mathit{NN}}}$ = 5.5 TeV. Here we consider only processes with photon-photon interactions and omit diffractive contributions.

We present results in the impact parameter equivalent photon approximation and compare some of them with results obtained by exact calculations of the Feynman diagrams in the momentum space. We include $Q\mathrm{Q\ifmmode \bar{}\else \={}\fi{}}$, $Q\mathrm{Q\ifmmode \bar{}\else \={}\fi{}}g$, and $Q\mathrm{Q\ifmmode \bar{}\else \={}\fi{}}q\mathrm{q\ifmmode \bar{}\else \={}\fi{}}$ final states as well as photon single-resolved components. Realistic charge densities in nuclei were taken in the calculation.

The different components give contributions of the same order of magnitude to the nuclear cross section. The cross sections found here are smaller than those for the diffractive photon-Pomeron mechanism and larger than the diffractive Pomeron-Pomeron discussed in the literature.
A one-dimensional tight-binding lattice, the single site of which possesses a harmonically vibrating level is studied.

The states of non-interacting electrons are considered both numerically and (in the case of narrow band) analytically.

It is shown that at definite conditions the site reflects electrons incident from infinity absolutely and elastically. This phenomenon, called high-frequency blockade, is accompanied by the vanishing of the system static conductance when the Fermi level crosses the blockade states. Together with these states we have found local and reflectionless states. Possible realizations of the system as a lattice of quantum dots or a linear polymer are discussed.
The shallow magma reservoir beneath the Vetrovoy Isthmus is composed of a mush of plagio-rhyolitic melt, phenocrysts and the products of peritectic reaction(s). The melt appears to have formed as a result of partial melting of previously erupted rocks, which probably had andesitic to basaltic compositions and were metamorphosed into amphibole-bearing assemblages.

Detailed mineralogical and melt and fluid inclusion constraints on magma storage, and the evolution of melts, are presented for the large-volume caldera eruption on the Vetrovoy Isthmus on Itutrup Island. The breakdown of amphibole in the partially melted precursor rocks led to the formation of early Mg-rich clino- and orthopyroxene, along with plagioclase and Fe–Ti oxides, and the release of aqueous fluids. Variations in fluid pressure are recorded by a strong increase of An contents in plagioclase. Crystallization took place at around 850°C with pressure ranging from 0·9 to 3 kbar.

This study demonstrates that dacitic magmas erupted during the course of a 20 kyr voluminous eruption were the result of mixing between plagio-rhyolitic partial melts and the breakdown reaction minerals (i.e. pyroxenes, plagioclase and Fe–Ti oxides). Plagioclase and quartz were the last minerals to crystallize from these melts prior to eruption.
We demonstrated that it is possible to break apart double-stranded DNA using a thickness shear mode resonator. This procedure measures the force of bond rupture. The procedure was tested experimentally with model complementary and non-complementary oligonucleotides.

The measured rupture forces were in the range of 10–40 pN. In the case of the DNA mismatch we observed a signal at a driving voltage of 0.8 V (corresponding to a shear force of 11 pN), while in the case of complementarity the signal at the voltage of 3 V (36 pN) appeared. This procedure may be the ground for the development of new types of biosensors measuring the force of affine interactions (probe/biomolecular target) on the surface of the sensor element.
This review presents precisely defined amphiphilic dendrons, their self‐association properties, and their different uses. Dendrons, also named dendritic wedges, are composed of a core having two different types of functions, of which one type is used for growing or grafting branched arms, generally multiplied by 2 at each layer by using 1→2 branching motifs. A large diversity of structures has been already synthesized. In practically all cases, their synthesis is based on the synthesis of known dendrimers, such as poly(aryl ether), poly(amidoamine) (in particular PAMAM), poly(amide) (in particular poly(L‐lysine)), 1→3 branching motifs (instead of 1→2), poly(alkyl ether) (poly(glycerol) and poly(ethylene glycol)), poly(ester), and those containing main group elements (poly(carbosilane) and poly(phosphorhydrazone)). In most cases, the hydrophilic functions are on the surface of the dendrons, whereas one or two hydrophobic tails are linked to the core. Depending on the structure of the dendrons, and on the experimental conditions used, the amphiphilic dendrons can self‐associate at the air‐water interface, or form micelles (eventually tubular, but most generally spherical), or form vesicles. These associated dendrons are suitable for the encapsulation of low‐molecular or macromolecular bioactive entities to be delivered in cells. This review is organized depending on the nature of the internal structure of the amphiphilic dendrons (aryl ether, amidoamine, amide, quaternary carbon atom, alkyl ether, ester, main group element). The properties issued from their self‐associations are described all along the review.
The 2020 coronavirus infection pandemic has potentiated a large number of studies in the world on the etiopathogenesis, clinical and morphological manifestations of COVID-2019 infection.

This review presents biochemical, molecular genetic and clinical aspects of COVID-2019.
Native Americans derive from a small number of Asian founders who likely arrived to the Americas via Beringia. However, additional details about the intial colonization of the Americas remain unclear.

To investigate the pioneering phase in the Americas we analyzed a total of 623 complete mtDNAs from the Americas and Asia, including 20 new complete mtDNAs from the Americas and seven from Asia. This sequence data was used to direct high-resolution genotyping from 20 American and 26 Asian populations.

Here we describe more genetic diversity within the founder population than was previously reported. The newly resolved phylogenetic structure suggests that ancestors of Native Americans paused when they reached Beringia, during which time New World founder lineages differentiated from their Asian sister-clades. This pause in movement was followed by a swift migration southward that distributed the founder types all the way to South America. The data also suggest more recent bi-directional gene flow between Siberia and the North American Arctic.
By applying the Poincaré—Birkhoff—Witt property and the Gröbner—Shirshov bases technique, we find the linear basis of the associative universal enveloping algebra in the sense of Ginzburg and Kapranov of a pair of compatible Lie brackets. We state that the growth rate of this universal enveloping over [Formula: see text]-dimensional compatible Lie algebra equals [Formula: see text].
The large size and complexity of the garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) genome hamper its sequencing and the discovery of pea gene resources. Although transcriptome sequencing provides extensive information about expressed genes, some tissue-specific transcripts can only be identified from particular organs under appropriate conditions. In this study, we performed RNA sequencing of polyadenylated transcripts from young pea nodules and root tips on an Illumina GAIIx system, followed by de novo transcriptome assembly using the Trinity program. We obtained more than 58,000 and 37,000 contigs from "Nodules" and "Root Tips" assemblies, respectively. The quality of the assemblies was assessed by comparison with pea expressed sequence tags and transcriptome sequencing project data available from NCBI website. The "Nodules" assembly was compared with the "Root Tips" assembly and with pea transcriptome sequencing data from projects indicating tissue specificity. As a result, approximately 13,000 nodule-specific contigs were found and annotated by alignment to known plant protein-coding sequences and by Gene Ontology searching. Of these, 581 sequences were found to possess full CDSs and could thus be considered as novel nodule-specific transcripts of pea. The information about pea nodule-specific gene sequences can be applied for gene-based markers creation, polymorphism studies, and real-time PCR.
Novel SG1-based alkoxyamines were used as initiators for preparation of block-copolymers both, by sequential NMP and by graft-polymerization.
High mass and volumetric heat of combustion makes boron a promising component of solid fuel for ramjet-propulsion systems. Its application is limited by the complexity of the organization of combustion with a high effectivity. Experimental studies of single boron particles combustion demonstrate several unique features not specific for other materials: a variable ignition temperature, two combustion stages, a drastic reduction of the burning rate for particles size of several microns and less. Models that try to predict combustion rate in the entire range of temperatures, concentrations and particle sizes are not physically obvious, difficult to reproduce, and do not show desirable for real applications accuracy. A simple diffusion model of combustion of boron particles is proposed, it describes the combustion of 34.5 and 44.2 micron particles at temperatures above 2240 K with 20% error.
The decay B(c)(+) → J/ψπ(+) π(-) π(+) is observed for the first time, using 0.8 fb(-1) of pp collisions at sqrt[s] = 7 TeV collected by the LHCb experiment. The ratio of branching fractions B(B(c)(+) → J/ψπ(+) π(-) π(+))/B(B(c)(+)→J/ψπ^{+}) is measured to be 2.41 ± 0.30 ± 0.33, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. The result is in agreement with theoretical predictions.
The plasmon resonance phenomenon occurring in the system of graphene-polymer-nanoparticles of an alloy of gold and silver is investigated. The possibility of controlling the attenuation of the intensity of electromagnetic radiation passing through the sample by changing the composition and thickness of the deposited coating is shown. For the investigated gold and silver alloy nanoparticles, the highest degree of radiation attenuation falls on the wavelength range from 400 to 600 nm. It was shown that by changing the composition of the nanoparticles (changing the ratio of gold and silver in the alloy), it is possible to achieve the maximum selective light attenuation by more than 2.5 times in the 500 nm region. In the 700 nm region, light attenuation by not more than 2 times is achieved. It was revealed that the use of films with different metal ratios allows us to shift the position of plasmon absorption in the entire visible wavelength range.