Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Studying changes of gene pools of populations of the domestic animals caused by selection and reflecting micro evolutionary processes, represents both practical and theoretical interest.As a rule, in such works the qualitative traits controlled by the principle «one genotype -one phenotype» are used that significantly simplifies the analysis.

We investigated dynamic processes in Landrace population of domestic pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus), having estimated a variation of one of continuous quantitative traits, the newborn piglet weight, for which similar relationship is not unambiguous.Statistical analysis of the zootechnical register data was carried out on more than 26 thousand pigs that were born within 23 years at an experimental farm (Novosibirsk Province), being the regional authorized Landrace breed nucleus.Ancestors of the formed population were delivered from Latvia in the early 1960s.They were the elite young animals estimated on a standard complex of selection traits.The entire period of existence of population the formation of its breeding nuclear was carried out on a complex of traits according to existing Instruction for estimation of breeding value of pigs.As the Instruction didn't contain standards on a large newborn weight, the selection on the specified trait wasn't made.The changes of statistical parameters of the newborn weight in piglets were estimated for each year of the observation, because the analyzed livestock was not a model laboratory population, but a typical breeding commercial herd in which continuous variability of a trait is interfaced to continuous «sliding» alternations of generations and the variability of age structure.Application of «parent-descendant» regression on the newborn weight allowed to estimate the duration of a population gene pool adaptation to new environment.

During long-time analysis of the dynamics of this unselected trait, the directional (moving) selection on genotypes for the loci controlling growth rate of pigs in ontogenesis (in pre-and post-natal periods) is revealed.In the populations where such selection works, the newborn weight of piglets can be used for forecasting pig weight during the postnatal period.It appeared that process of adaptation lasted nearly two decades that made five full changes of the generations.In the same population at the same time the stabilizing selection optimized an individual animal weight at birth, cutting both minimum and maximum values.The described mechanism includes cyclic vector changes towards driving selection against the stabilizing selection vectors and thus maintains the population polymorphism on loci which control prenatal growth and large weight in the newborns.An observed unevenness of wavy change of these cycles should be also noted.
Based on modern research outcomes, materials of volost boards and data from periodicals

the author reconstructs the social image of the volost clerk

volost clerks were perceived as guardian of the interests of the peasant population, but remained an alien element both for the system of local self-government and for the system of imperial government
Measurements of the double-differential pi+/- production cross-section in the range of momentum 100 MeV/c <= p <= 800 MeV/c and angle 0.35 rad <= theta <= 2.15 rad using pi+/- beams incident on beryllium, aluminium, carbon, copper, tin, tantalum and lead targets are presented.

The data were taken with the large acceptance HARP detector in the T9 beam line of the CERN Proton Synchrotron. The secondary pions were produced by beams in a momentum range from 3 GeV/c to 12.9 GeV/c hitting a solid target with a thickness of 5% of a nuclear interaction length. The tracking and identification of the produced particles was performed using a small-radius cylindrical time projection chamber (TPC) placed inside a solenoidal magnet. Incident particles were identified by an elaborate system of beam detectors.

Results are obtained for the double-differential cross-sections d2sigma/dpdtheta at six incident beam momenta. Data at 3 GeV/c, 5 GeV/c, 8 GeV/c, and 12 GeV/c are available for all targets while additional data at 8.9 GeV/c and 12.9 GeV/c were taken in positive particle beams on Be and Al targets, respectively. The measurements are compared with several generators of GEANT4 and the MARS Monte Carlo simulation.
The plastid and mitochondrial genomes of Vavilovia formosa (Stev.) Fed. were assembled on the base of the data of high-throughput sequencing of DNA isolated from a sample from North Osetia, Russia, using Illumina and PacBio platforms. The long PacBio reads were sufficient for reliable assembling organellar genomes while the short Illumina reads obtained from total DNA were unacceptable for this purpose because of substantial contamination by nuclear sequences. The organellar genomes were circular DNA molecules; the genome of mitochondria was represented by two circular chromosomes. A phylogenetic analysis on the basis of plastid genomes available in public databases was performed for some representatives of the tribes Fabeae, Trifolieae and Cicereae. As was expected, the V. formosa branch proved to be sister to the Pisum branch, and the tribe Fabeae was monophyletic. The position of Trifolium L. appeared sensitive to the phylogeny reconstruction method, either clustering with Fabeae or with the genera Medicago L., Trigonella L. and Melilotus Mill., but the internodes between successive divergences were short in all cases, suggesting that the radiation of Trifolium , other Trifolieae and Fabeae was fast, occurring within a small time interval as compared to further evolution of these lineages. The data on the relatedness of the plastid genomes of Trifolium and Fabeae correlate with the similarity of N 2 -fixing symbionts in these legumes represented by Rhizobium leguminosarum biovars trifolii and viciae , while the symbionts of Medicago , Melilotus and Trigonella belong to the Sinorhizobium meliloti and S. medicae species, which are distant from Rhizobium .
We study the charge transport mechanism in ferroelectric Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 thin films. Transport properties of Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 are described by phonon-assisted tunnelling between traps. Comparison with transport properties of amorphous Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 demonstrates that the transport mechanism does not depend on the structure. The thermal and optical trap energies 1.25 eV and 2.5 eV, respectively, in Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 were determined based on comparison of experimentally measured data on transport with simulations within phonon-assisted tunnelling between traps. We found that the trap density in ferroelectric Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 is slightly less than one in amorphous Hf0.5Zr0.5O2. A hypothesis that oxygen vacancies are responsible for the charge transport in Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 is confirmed by ab initio simulation of electronic structure.
To study the possibility of conducting the ‘Primary and Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases’ educational programme aimed at promoting health literacy among cardiology blog followers on Instagram.

In the present study the methodology for conducting the educational programme on Instagram included the following: choosing the agents of influence and format of audience engagement; determining the most relevant topics and time frames; identifying the frequency and characteristics depending on the selected format of audience engagement; developing evaluation metrics; conducting the programme; evaluation of study results; defining the scaling strategy. The educational programme was conducted daily from 19 to 30March 2020 through professional medical accounts on Instagram. The programme format included posts of up to 4,000 characters on primary (healthy diet, smoking cessation, physical activity, obesity, vegetarian diet) and secondary prevention (drug treatment) of cardiovascular diseases. The study results were evaluated by descriptive statistics for standard social network metrics.

The Instagram social network can be used for educational programmes aimed at promoting health literacy among Russian people. It is necessary to further improve the methodology for conducting research in social networks in order to select the most effective technologies that contribute to the preservation of public health.
It is of interest to use UV-sulfite based processes to degrade pollutants in wastewater treatment process. In this work, arsenic (As(III)) has been selected as a target pollutant to verify the efficacy of such a hypothesized process.

In laser flash photolysis (LFP) experiments (λex = 266 nm), the signals of SO3•− and eaq− generated by photolysis of sulfite at 266 nm were discerned. Quantum yields for photoionization of HSO3− (0.01) and SO32− (0.06) were also measured.

The results showed that As(III) was quickly oxidized by a UV-sulfite system at neutral or alkaline pH and especially at pH 9.5, which can be mainly attributed to the generated oxysulfur radicals. It has been established that eaq− does not react with SO32−, but reacts with HSO3− with a rate constant 8 × 107 M−1s−1.
The Production and Distributed Analysis system (PanDA), used for workload management in the ATLAS Experiment at the LHC for over a decade, has in recent years expanded its reach to diverse new resource types such as HPCs, and innovative new workflows such as the Event Service.

PanDA meets the heterogeneous resources it harvests in the PanDA Pilot, which has embarked on a next-generation reengineering to efficiently integrate and exploit the new platforms and workflows. The new modular architecture is the product of a year of design and prototyping in conjunction with the design of a completely new component, Harvester, that will mediate a richer flow of control and information between Pilot and PanDA. Harvester will enable more intelligent and dynamic matching between processing tasks and resources, with an initial focus on HPCs, simplifying the operator and user view of a PanDA site but internally leveraging deep information gathering on the resource to accrue detailed knowledge of a site's capabilities and dynamic state to inform the matchmaking.

This paper will give an overview of the new Pilot architecture, how it will be used in and beyond ATLAS, its relation to Harvester, and the work ahead.
Two variants of differential phase-shift keying with π and π/2 shifts are compared theoretically.

The expressions are derived for dispersion averaged over all the realisations of the bit sequence. The inequality is confirmed by numerical calculation.

It is shown that in the presence of strong optical filtering the π/2 scheme yields less dispersion of pulses and much better Q-factor in agreement with the experiment.
Using $980\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of data collected with the Belle detector operating at the KEKB asymmetric-energy ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collider

we report the measurements of the masses, and the first measurements of the instrinsic widths, of the ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}}_{c}(2455{)}^{+}$ and ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}}_{c}(2520{)}^{+}$ charmed baryons

These measurements can be used to test models of the underlying quark structure of the ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}}_{c}$ states
The conductivity of a two-dimensional HgTe quantum well with a width ~6.3 nm, close to the transition from ordinary to topological insulating phases, is studied. The Fermi level is supposed to get to the overall energy gap. The consideration is based on the percolation theory.

We have found that the width fluctuations convert the system to a random mixture of domains with positive and negative energy gaps with internal edge states formed near zero gap lines. In the case with no potential fluctuations, the conductance of a finite sample is provided by a random edge states network. The zero-temperature conductivity of an infinite sample is determined by the free motion of electrons along the zero-gap lines and tunneling between them. The conductance of a single p-n junction, which is crossed by the edge state, is found.

The result is applied to the situation when potential fluctuations transform the system to a mixture of p- and n-domains. It is stated that the tunneling across p-n junctions forbids the low-temperature conductivity of a random system, but the latter is restored due to the random edge states crossing the junctions.
The work is dedicated to the creation of new ceramic-composite materials based on boron carbide, nickel and using a laser welding in order to obtain three dimensional objects henceforth. The perspective way of obtaining which has been suggested by the authors combined two methods: cold spray technology and subsequent laser post-treatment.

At this stage, the authors focused on the interaction of the laser with the substance, regardless of the multi-layer object development. The investigated material of this work was the metal–ceramic mixture based on boron carbide, which has high physical and mechanical characteristics, such as hardness, elastic modulus, and chemical resistance. The nickel powder as a binder and different types of boron carbide were used. The ceramic content varied from 30 to 70% by mass. Thin ceramic layers were obtained by the combined method and cross-sections of different seams were studied.

It was shown that the most perspective layers for additive manufacturing could be obtained from cold spray coatings with ceramic concentrations more than 50% by weight treated when laser beam was defocused (thermal-conductive laser mode).
The article discusses the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic response that has engulfed most countries, highlights and analyses the response strategies adopted by governments. Using the example of the United States, Russia, Great Britain, Spain, Italy, Germany, Japan and China, the authors have analysed the adopted restrictive regimes, models of enforcement to comply with them, schemes and tools to support the economy. According to open sources, the authors estimated the duration and severity of the restrictive regimes for economic and social activity, the severity of punishments for violations of restrictive regimes, the scale of assistance to the population and business, and compliance with restrictive regimes. The article pays a special attention to identifying the role of “soft” factors, such as trust and national culture, in the implementation of the pandemic response policy. The authors used the index of ethnic fractionalization to characterize the homogeneity of society. The article confirms that more collectivist, long-term and less masculine cultures tend to strictly comply with restrictive regimes, but the penalties imposed in countries with such a cultural code have been more severe. The analysis showed that in countries with a more individualized and masculine culture, large packages of support for the population and business were allocated with a moderate severity of punishment for non-compliance with restrictions. In these countries, the tension and discontent of the population, which had accumulated during the period of the restrictive regimes, became more pronounced. The results obtained give grounds to assert that “soft” factors play an important role in shaping the policy of responding to the threat of a pandemic; the strategies chosen by countries in an explicit or implicit form reflect national, cultural and institutional characteristics
Исследовано термическое разложение полиядерных металламакроциклических соединений Ln(H 2 O) 4 [15MC CuGlyha -5]Cl 3 (Ln=La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Y, Dy) в интервале температур 20-600 °С. Методом РСА получена структура комплекса [Nd(OAc){15MC Cu(II)Glyha -5}(H 2 O) 2 ] 2+ •0.5[CN] -•1.5Cl -•4.5(H 2 O)•0.5Ca(OH)Cl•0.5Ca(CN)Clв качестве одного из продуктов термического разложения, выделенного в присутствии соли кальция.

При температуре 190-250 °С наблюдается сильный экзотермический эффект, сопровождающийся разрушением органической части молекулы и образованием оксидов меди и соответствующего лантаноида. На основании данных ТГА-ДСК-МС, ИК и РСА предложена схема, которая включает, с одной стороны, окисление (за счет восстановления Cu 2+ ) аминного (-CH 2 -NH 2 ) фрагмента до нитрильного (-C≡N), а, с другой стороны, образование изоцианатного фрагмента в результате перегруппировки Лоссена.
Breakdown of liquid layer when heated from a localized hot spot was investigated experimentally. Water and ethanol were used as working liquids with a layer thickness of 300 μm. Basic steps of the breakdown process were found and mean velocities of the dry spot formation were determined. The formation of residual layer over the hot-spot before the breakdown has been found for both liquids. The creation of a droplet cluster near the heating region is observed when using water as a working fluid. It was shown that evaporation is one of the general factors influencing the process of layer breakdown and dry spot formation as well as thermocapillary effect.
We imaged the interiors of relatively intact Xenopus oocyte nuclei by field emission scanning electron microscopy (feSEM) and visualized a network of filaments that attach to nuclear pore complexes and extend throughout the nucleus. Within the nucleus, these `pore-linked filaments' (PLFs) were embedded into spherical structures 100 nm to ∼5 μm in diameter. A subset of spheres was identified as Cajal bodies by immuno-gold labeling; the rest were inferred to be nucleoli and snurposomes both of which are abundant in Xenopus oocyte nuclei. Most PLFs were independent of chromatin. The thickness of a typical PLF was 40 nm (range, ∼12-100 nm), including the 4 nm chromium coat. PLFs located inside the nucleus merged, bundled and forked, suggesting architectural adaptability. The PLF network collapsed upon treatment with latrunculin A, which depolymerizes actin filaments. Jasplakinolide, which stabilizes actin filaments, produced PLFs with more open substructure including individual filaments with evenly-spaced rows of radially projecting short filaments. Immuno-gold labeling of untreated oocyte nuclei showed that actin and protein 4.1 each localized on PLFs. Protein 4.1-gold epitopes were spaced at ∼120 nm intervals along filaments, and were often paired (∼70 nm apart) at filament junctions. We suggest that protein 4.1 and actin contribute to the structure of a network of heterogeneous filaments that link nuclear pore complexes to subnuclear organelles, and discuss possible functions for PLFs in nuclear assembly and intranuclear traffic.
The TAIGA (Tunka Advanced Instrument for cosmic rays and Gamma-Astronomy) observatory is designed to study the gamma ray sources and galactic cosmic rays. It is located in the Tunka Valley 50 km from the lake Baikal (Siberia). The first part of TAIGA called the EAS Cherenkov array TAIGA-HiSCORE currently consists of 28 wide-angle (0.6 sr) stations, distributed over an area of 0.25 km^2.

The Crab observation exposure was about 115 hours during the winter seasons of 2016-2017. The expected gamma quanta excess depends on the array energy threshold and a model of the Crab energy spectrum extrapolation to the higher energies. We present preliminary results of experimental data and MC simulations comparison as well as energy threshold and angular resolutions.

The experimental data is in a good agreement with the simulations. An excess of events (about 25 events in the region 30-63 TeV) observed from the Crab direction is compatible with the expected one.
Objective To analyze a profile of hypotensive drug therapy in patients with arterial hypertension (АH) aged 55-84 in a sample of urban population at a current period of time (2015-2017).Materials and Methods AH is a leader among risk factors of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) due to its high prevalence and serious prognosis. Despite the availability of effective hypotensive drugs and guidelines on AH treatment, 50% of patients do not achieve blood pressure (BP) goals. Knowledge about drug correction of AH in the Russian population is limited to clinical studies. Taking into account changing approaches in management of patients with AH, the population-based evaluation of hypotensive treatment if relevant. A random population sample of males and females aged 55-84 (n=3.898) was evaluated in Novosibirsk in 2015-2017 (international project, Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial Factors in Eastern Europe (HAPIEE)). AH was diagnosed in presence of systolic BP ≥140 mm Hg or diastolic BP ≥90 mm Hg and/or treatment with hypotensive drugs within the recent two weeks. Regular intake of medication for 12 months was evaluated with coding according to the Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical Classification System (АТХ / АТС).Results In the population sample aged 55-84, AH prevalence was 80.9 %, and 21.1 % of persons with AH did not receive drug therapy. Hypotensive medicines included (total/as a part of combination therapy) angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (42.3 % / 25.3 %), angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) (30.3 % / 18.9 %), diuretics (22.6 % / 20.4 %), calcium channel blockers (20.2 % / 16.1 %), and beta-blockers (34.7 % / 27.6 %). 45.7 % of people with AH received a combination therapy. Effective BP control was achieved in 23.4 % of AH patients and in 29.6 % of patients receiving a hypotensive therapy. In the group of ineffective BP control, the proportion of females was lower, AH duration was longer, and blood glucose was higher than in the group of effective control.Conclusion In the sample of urban population aged 55-84 in 2015-2017, each fourth participant with AH and each third participant using hypotensive drugs achieved effective BP control. The therapy profile in AH patients included recommended drug classes. However, combination therapy was used insufficiently (50% of AH patients). By frequency of use, ACE inhibitors were on the first place, beta-blockers were on the second place, ARBs were on the third place, diuretics were on the fourth place, and calcium channel blockers were on the fifth place, which differed from the guidelines (the difference from the recommended priority ranking is that the drugs taking the first places in the guidelines were in fact on the 3rd and 4th places in their actual frequency of use). 20% of persons with AH did not receive hypotensive therapy, which significantly contributed to the insufficient BP control in the population.
К ПОНЯТИЮ ГРАММАТИЧЕСКОЙ СИНОНИМИИВ статье рассматривается грамматическая синонимия, которая наряду с лексической и словообразовательной является разновидностью общего понятия синонимии языковых средств.Автор приводит различные определения лексической синонимии, которая является наиболее разработанной в языкознании, а также критерии выделения лексических синонимов, среди которых наиболее важными являются взаимодополняемость и одинаковая предметная отнесенность.Приводится классификация синонимов, принятая в отечественном языкознании.

Основное внимание в статье уделено грамматической синонимии, которая подразделяется на синонимию словоформ и синонимию синтаксических конструкций.

В статье рассматривается синтаксическая синонимия, разные подходы в выделении синтаксических синонимов
We report transport measurements in HgTe-based quantum wells with well width of 8 nm, corresponding to the quantum spin Hall state, subject to in-plane magnetic field.

In the absence of the magnetic field the local and nonlocal resistances behave very similarly, which confirms the edge state transport in our system. In the magnetic field, we observe a monotonic decrease of the resistance with saturation of local resistance, while nonlocal resistance disappears completely, independent of the gate voltage.

We believe that this evidence of metallic behavior indicates a transition to a gapless two-dimensional phase, according to theoretical predictions. The influence of disorder on resistivity properties of HgTe quantum wells under in-plane magnetic field is discussed.