Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
The study of phase-change phenomena under high and ultra-high heat fluxes is urgent because of fast development of electronics and microelectronics.

We have developed a test section with power of 3.5 kW with a heater of 1x1 cm 2 and adjustable geometry of the channel for achieving ultra-high heat fluxes in flow boiling and shear-driven liquid film experiments. The methodology of calculating heat losses in the test section is proposed and verified by flow boiling experiment versus another well studied test section.

Observed trend of decrease of relative heat losses with increase in the heat flux makes it possible to assume that the heat flux as high as 2.5 kW/cm 2 can be reached by this test section.
Regulation of DNA replication and copy number is necessary to promote genome stability and maintain cell and tissue function. DNA replication is regulated temporally in a process known as replication timing (RT). Rap1-interacting factor 1 (Rif1) is a key regulator of RT and has a critical function in copy number control in polyploid cells. Previously, we demonstrated that Rif1 functions with SUUR to inhibit replication fork progression and promote underreplication (UR) of specific genomic regions. How Rif1-dependent control of RT factors into its ability to promote UR is unknown. By applying a computational approach to measure RT in Drosophila polyploid cells, we show that SUUR and Rif1 have differential roles in controlling UR and RT. Our findings reveal that Rif1 acts to promote late replication, which is necessary for SUUR-dependent underreplication. Our work provides new insight into the process of UR and its links to RT.
DNA replication initiates at specific positions termed replication origins. Genome-wide studies of human replication origins have shown that origins are organized into replication initiation zones. However, only few replication initiation zones have been described so far. Moreover, few origins were mapped in other mammalian species besides human and mouse.

Here we analyzed pattern of short nascent strands in the X inactivation center (XIC) of vole Microtus levis in fibroblasts, trophoblast stem cells, and extraembryonic endoderm stem cells and confirmed origins locations by ChIP approach. We also analyzed state of XIC chromatin in these cell types. We compared origin localization in the mouse and vole XIC.

We found that replication could be initiated in a significant part of XIC. Interestingly, origins associated with gene promoters are conserved in these species. The data obtained allow us to suggest that the X inactivation center of M. levis is one extended replication initiation zone.
Recombinant DNA technology has revolutionized the production of therapeutic proteins. Thus, genes of a great number of human proteins have already been identified and cloned. The use of farm animals as bioreactors may be the better choice to produce recombinant therapeutic proteins. For this activity, the term 'pharming' was created, referring to the use of genetic engineering to obtain a transgenic or genetically modified animal. Considering the advantages and disadvantages of livestock species, goats appear as a very good model. In addition, the first human commercially approved biological drug (antithrombin (AT)) was produced from the milk of transgenic goats.

The aim of this chapter is to present various reproductive technologies used to obtain transgenic goats secreting recombinant proteins in milk. Initially, this chapter presents the methods for embryo production (in vivo and in vitro) to realize the DNA microinjection in pronuclear embryos. Thus, the techniques of superovulation of donors (in vivo embryo production) and ovarian stimulation for oocyte recovery (in vitro embryo production) are described. Also, the methods for DNA microinjection and embryo transfer are detailed in this chapter.

Finally, this chapter describes the reproductive procedures used for obtaining transgenic goats by cloning.
Amplitude bounds imposed by the conservation of mass, momentum and energy for strongly nonlinear waves in stratified fluid are considered.

We discuss the theoretical scheme which allows to determine broadening limits for solitary waves in the terms of a given upstream density profile. Attention is focused on the continuously stratified flows having multiple broadening limits.

The role of the mean density profile and the influence of fine-scale stratification are analyzed.
Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) possess unique flexibility of structure and properties, which drives them toward applications as water adsorbents in many emerging technologies, such as adsorptive heat transformation, water harvesting from the air, dehumidification, and desalination. A deep understanding of the surface phenomena is a prerequisite for the target-oriented design of MOFs with the required adsorption properties. In this work, we comprehensively study the effect of functional groups on water adsorption on a series CAU-10-X substituted with both hydrophilic (X = NH2) and hydrophobic (X = NO2) groups in the linker. The adsorption equilibrium is measured at P = 7.6–42 mbar and T = 5–100 °C. The study of water adsorption by a set of mutually complementary physicochemical methods (TG, XRD in situ, FTIR, and 1H NMR relaxometry) elucidates the nature of primary adsorption sites and water adsorption mechanisms.
Gas hydrates and wax are the major flow assurance problems for the transportation of produced hydrocarbons through pipelines. However, in most research works both these two problems are studied separately. Although simultaneous precipitation or deposition of these compounds in pipelines can lead to different mitigation/prevention strategies, the investigations in which both these problems are considered simultaneously appeared only recently. There is no information in the literature on the texture/composition and features of decomposition process of mixed wax/hydrate plugs. At the same time, this information could be useful to understand how to treat the problem of formation of these plugs. In this work, three wax/gas hydrate plugs were collected at quasi-static conditions from a water-in-oil emulsion to study their texture, composition and the features of decomposition process. Powder X-ray diffraction and IR (infrared spectroscopy) analyses showed that the plugs consisted of wax and gas hydrate. Thermovolumetric and DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) experiments showed that the main part of gas hydrate in the plugs at the ambient pressure started to decompose at about 268 K. This temperature was higher than the equilibrium temperature of carbon dioxide hydrate at this pressure, indicating that the gas hydrate in the plugs could be effectively preserved at temperatures below the ice melting point (273.2 K). It was found through observation of the hydrate decomposition process in the plugs under the microscope that the gas in the samples released in small bubbles, while the hydrate particles were not visible at this magnification, indicating that the hydrate was indeed highly dispersed in the samples. A residual wax was jelly-like after decomposition of hydrate in all the cases. Rheological experiments showed that the plugs residues after decomposition of the hydrates had higher yield points and viscosities than the initial waxy crude oil originally used for the experiments.
Evolution of multicellular organisms was accompanied by multiple extinctions, after which the survived phyletic lineages started to conquer the free ecological space.

The question arises: how the selection for adaptation to new environment could affect the organism morphology? The rate of evolutionary change of a structure depends predominantly on the number of loci that control its development.

As this number increased in the course of evolution, it is hypothesized that the evolutionary trend for complication of organisms is the consequence of selection for the rate of evolution.
In this work, approaches for fabrication metal coated probes for Tip Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (TERS) are considered.

It was proposed to use optical characterization of probes to achieve the effective TERS of semiconductor nanoobjects.

The shape and size of the metal cluster at the tip apex determines the position of the localized surface plasmon resonance, the electromagnetic field enhancement and, thus, TERS performance. The possibility of optimizing the characteristics of the probes for TERS studies of nanoobjects has been investigated.
The ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) employs a trigger system consisting of a first-level hardware trigger (L1) and a software-based high-level trigger. The L1 muon trigger system selects muon candidates, assigns them to the correct LHC bunch crossing and classifies them into one of six transverse-momentum threshold classes. The L1 muon trigger system uses resistive-plate chambers (RPCs) to generate the muon-induced trigger signals in the central (barrel) region of the ATLAS detector. The ATLAS RPCs are arranged in six concentric layers and operate in a toroidal magnetic field with a bending power of 1.5 to 5.5 Tm. The RPC detector consists of about 3700 gas volumes with a total surface area of more than 4000 m$^2$. This paper reports on the performance of the RPC detector and L1 muon barrel trigger using 60.8 fb$^{-1}$ of proton-proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment in 2018 at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. Detector and trigger performance are studied using $Z$ boson decays into a muon pair. Measurements of the RPC detector response, efficiency, and time resolution are reported. Measurements of the L1 muon barrel trigger efficiencies and rates are presented, along with measurements of the properties of the selected sample of muon candidates. Measurements of the RPC currents, counting rates and mean avalanche charge are performed using zero-bias collisions. Finally, RPC detector response and efficiency are studied at different high voltage and front-end discriminator threshold settings in order to extrapolate detector response to the higher luminosity expected for the High Luminosity LHC.
Methane activation on metal‐containing zeolites is a hot topic because of the great potential of the application of these catalysts for the direct transformation of methane to methanol and aromatics under mild conditions. Solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance (SS NMR) spectroscopy is a powerful technique for characterizing small alkane activation and transformation on heterogeneous catalysts. It can provide insights into the different steps of alkane molecule activation that are difficult to assess with alternative methods. In this Concept article, the recent advances in the investigations of methane activation on Zn‐modified zeolites performed with SS NMR are discussed. These studies demonstrate the breadth of information that can be obtained by SS NMR spectroscopy, such as the intermediates formed, the particular Zn species involved, the possible pathways of the alkane activation. The knowledge acquired with SS NMR provides the basis for the realization of the detected conversions of methane in practice.
Two-dimensional problem of evanescent wave scattering by dielectric or metallic cylinders near the interface between two dielectric media is solved numerically by boundary integral equations method. A special Green function was proposed to avoid the infinite integration. A pattern with a circular and a prolate elliptic cylinders, respectively, is suggested to simulate the sample and the probe in near-field optical microscopy. The energy flux in the midplane of the probe-cylinder is calculated as a function of its position.
To ensure the optimal combination of the properties of the thin-film layers of piezoelectric structures and achieve the required characteristics of resonators and devices for selecting and generating of the signals based on them

the influence of technological modes of aluminum nitride films formation on the surface morphology, structure and elemental composition of films used in the construction of microelectronic bulk acoustic waves (BAW) resonator with Bragg reflector

the optimal modes are determined that satisfy the requirements for film layers for a piezoelectric transducer and Bragg reflector
Using data samples collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e+e- collider at center-of-mass energies 10.52 GeV, 10.58 GeV, and 10.876 GeV, we study the exclusive reactions e+e-→ωπ0, K*(892)K̅, and K2*(1430)K̅.

Significant signals of ωπ0, K*(892)0K̅0, and K2*(1430)-K+ are observed for the first time at these energies, and the energy dependencies of the cross sections are presented. No significant excesses for K*(892)-K+ and K2*(1430)0K̅0 are found, and limits on the cross section ratios RVP and RTP are set for center-of-mass energies of 10.52 GeV, 10.58 GeV, and 10.876 GeV at the 90% C.L.
<p>The possibility of mechanochemical synthesis and influence of mechanical activation on thermal synthesis of borides and boron carbides of mass-low metals is investigated. The opportunity of mechanochemical synthesis in the mill AGO-2 of such compounds as AlB<sub>2</sub> and CaC<sub>2</sub>B<sub>2</sub> is established. Influence of mechanical activation in the mill SPEX 8000 on synthesis of such compound as Mg<sub>0.5</sub>Al<sub>0.5</sub>B2 is shown. Mechanical activation also influences on the process of thermal synthesis: compound Mg<sub>0.5</sub>Al<sub>0.5</sub>B<sub>2</sub> is obtained in the conditions inaccessible to traditional thermal synthesis; formation of compound Mg<sub>1-x</sub>Al<sub>x</sub>B<sub>2</sub> in literature up to x = 0.4 was established on shifts of reflexes (002) and (110) pure MgB<sub>2</sub> aside the large corners; in our case x = 0.5 and as it was necessary to expect shifts of these reflexes exceeds shifts measured in literature only for x ≤ 0.4. Features of synthesis in systems containing metal magnesium are considered. The opportunity of application of crystalline boron for mechanochemical synthesis of borides and boron carbides of mass-low metals is established, that it was not represented probable to make in its ceramic synthesis. We revealed also that thermal analysis in conditions of helium results in crystallization almost all activated samples, and the analysis of received X-ray reflexes unambiguously allows to assert that mechanical activation accelerates synthesis of reaction products in the investigated systems in comparison with the traditional methods of its synthesis.</p>
We define and study lattices in generative classes associated with generic structures.

It is shown that these lattices can be non-distributive and, moreover, arbitrary enough. Heights and wights of the lattices are described. A model-theoretic criterion for the linear ordering is proved and these linear orders are described.

Boolean algebras generated by the considered lattices are also described.
Current view on a relationship between particle pollution, morbidity and mortality of lung carcinoma were discussed in the article. Published epidemiological, clinical and laboratory studies suggest particle pollution, especially metal containing particulate matter (PM), to be a risk factor for lung carcinoma occurrence.

PM-associated injury of epithelial cell genome and epigenetic lesions are an important part of pathogenesis of lung carcinoma.

Systemic research findings and formalized reports could improve our knowledge on lung cancer pathogenesis and could be used in clinical practice for risk assessment, early detection and prognosis of lung cancer and improvement in treatment efficacy.
The relevance of studies of adult neurogenesis is evident in connection with the potential use of these new neurons to replace neurons lost in the process of life. Despite considerable eﬀorts, little is known about the fnal fate of these cells, the functional signifcance of their connections and the regulation of their development. It is known that physical activity signifcantly increases the number of fssile progenitors, the precursors of new neurons in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. The existing immunohistochemical methods for labeling new neurons do not allow tracing the temporal dynamics of changes in the volume of brain structures in the same animal, induced by external impacts, such as voluntary exercise. This makes it an urgent task to develop and improve methods for long­term control of changes that occur in the adult hippocampus due to the induction of neurogenesis. The main purpose of this work was to non­invasively track, by using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the temporal dynamics of changes in the volume of the hippocampus in the same animals that had voluntary physical activity. It was found that voluntary exercise did not change the total volume of the mouse hippocampus. However, the diﬀerence in the volume ratio between the right and left parts of the hippocampus was signifcantly lower compared with the control group. The reconstruction and analysis of protein­protein interactions that ensure the survival of a large number of new neurons and their integration into existing neural networks in the hippocampus have been carried out. The proposed approach allows the non­invasive registration of changes in the ratio of the volumes of these paired brain structures.
This paper revisits the problem of tidal conversion at a ridge in a uniformly stratified fluid of limited depth using measurements of complex-valued added mass. When the height of a sub-marine ridge is non negligible with respect to the depth of the water, the tidal conversion can be enhanced in the supercritical regime or reduced in the subcritical regime with respect to the large depth situation. Tidal conversion can even be null for some specific cases.

Here, we study experimentally the influence of finite depth on the added mass coefficients for three diffierent ridge shapes. We first show that at low forcing frequency the tidal conversion is weakly enhanced by shallow depth for a semi-circular ridge. In addition, added mass coefficients measured for a vertical ridge show strong similarities with the ones obtained for the semi-circular ridge.

Nevertheless, the enhancement of the tidal conversion at low forcing frequency for the vertical ridge has not been observed, in contrast with its supercritical shape. Finally, we provide the experimental evidence of a lack of tidal conversion due to the specific shape of a ridge for certain depth and frequency tuning.
Background: Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which play important role in immune responses. DCs are a heterogeneous population and can be divided into groups: myeloid (mDCs) and plasmacytoid (pDCs). Furthemore, DCs are important in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis through antigen presentation and activation autoreactive T-lymphocytes. As established the different subpopulation DCs can promote different immune reactions. That's why, it may be possible to consider them as a potential target for the development of new target of the immunopathological disorders therapy. Objectives: To investigate the subpopulations of peripheral blood DCs (myeloid and plasmacytoid) in patients with early RA as a predictor of responsibility to disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) treatment. Methods: Forty nine patients with early RA (duration of the disease up to 12 months) were included in the study. All patients fullfield ACR/EULAR criteria (2010) and received methotrexate, leflunomide, sulfasalazine or their combination. Forty three patients with osteoarthritis (OA) used as a control group. Analysis of the content of the B-lymphocytes, myeloid and plasmacytoid DCs, labeled by antibodies against surface markers, was carried out by flow cytometry. B-lymphocytes, subtypes of peripheral blood DCs were characterized by the following phenotypes: myeloid DCs (CD3-CD14-CD19-HLA-DR + CD11c + CD123-), plasmacytoid DCs (CD3-CD14-CD19-HLA-DR + CD11c-CD123 +), B-lymphocytes (CD19 +). Analysis were performed before treatment and after 3 and 6 months. Results: Patients with early RA are characterized by significant evaluation of the population of plasmacytoid DCs in comparison of patients with moderate stages of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis (3.8 vs2.1 vs 1, p=0.0042). Furthermore, the difference was found in the number of cells with the phenotype B-lymphocytes: 7.95 * 106/l vs. 3.6* 106/l, respectively (p = 0.014). No significant differences were observed in the number of myeloid DCs. After 6 month of observation we detected reducing amount of plasmacytoid DCs (3.8 before treatment and 2.1 in 6 month, p=0.002) and B-cells that correlated with activity of disease. Conclusion: The data obtained indicated that plasmacytoid DCs are predominant in patients with inflammatory arthritis especially in early RA and correlate with activity of disease that can use as a predictor of good response on DMARDs treatment. Disclosure of Interests: None declared
The creation of G. barbadense L./G. hirsutum L. chromosome-substitution lines is an important method to transfer agronomically valuable traits from G. barbadense into G. hirsutum.

In this study, 30 monosomic lines of G. hirsutum from the Cytogenetic Collection of Uzbekistan, created in the genotypic background of line L-458, were used in crosses with the G. barbadense line Pima 3-79 to create substitution lines. In the course of this work, new monosomic lines were identified for chromosome 12 and monotelodisome 6 of the Atsubgenome and for chromosomes 17, 21, and 22 of the Dtsubgenome using chromosome-specific SSR markers and a well-defined tester set of cotton translocation lines (USA). The identification of chromosomes using chromosome-specific SSR markers in the early stages of plant development has greatly accelerated the detection of monosomic plants.

Compared to those in the F1 hybrids, a strong decrease in the crossing and setting rates was found in the BC1F1 backcross lines, with the substitution of chromosomes 2, 4, 6, 7, and 12 of the Atsubgenome and 17, 18, 21, and 22 of the Dtsubgenome. The F1 and BC1F1 offspring from interspecific crosses differed in their transmission of univalents. Despite the regular pairing of chromosomes and the high meiotic index, interspecific aneuploid hybrids were characterized by a decrease in pollen fertility, which may indicate hidden structural variability in these genomes that did not affect meiotic division. The analysis of morphobiological traits revealed that monosomic F1 hybrids were more similar to the donor line, while BC1F1 hybrids were more similar to the recurrent parent but also showed previously undetected traits.
ЭЛЕКТРОННО-МИКРОСКОПИЧЕСКОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ СТРУКТУРЫ РОЗЕТКОПОДОБНЫХ НУКЛЕОПРОТЕИДНЫХ КОМПЛЕКСОВ, ВЫДЕЛЕННЫХ ИЗ КЛЕТОК ESCHERICHIA COLI

Ε. В. Киселева, Е. В. Лихошвай, Н. Б. Христолюбова, Н. В. Воробьева, Н. А. Сердюкова, А
This work is devoted to the study of such an interesting phenomenon as levitation of liquid microdroplets above the surface of a heated film. Levitating microdroplets of liquid are formed due to condensation of the upward flow of steam. The height of the drop levitation is comparable to their size.

This paper presents new experimental data on the dependence of the droplet diameter on time. Microdroplets of liquid being in a two-dimensional array of microdroplets and levitating above the heated liquid film constantly grow due to condensation.

The diameter of the droplets practically linearly increases with time. The obtained non-trivial results require further careful research.
Mild thermolysis of Lewis base stabilized phosphinoborane monomers R 1 R 2 PBH 2 ⋅NMe 3 (R 1 ,R 2 =H, Ph, or t Bu/H) at room temperature to 100 °C provides a convenient new route to oligo‐ and polyphosphinoboranes [R 1 R 2 P‐BH 2 ] n .

The polymerization appears to proceed via the addition/head‐to‐tail polymerization of short‐lived free phosphinoborane monomers, R 1 R 2 P‐BH 2 .

This method offers access to high molar mass materials, as exemplified by poly( tert ‐butylphosphinoborane), that are currently inaccessible using other routes (e.g. catalytic dehydrocoupling).