Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Liquid crystals are ordered soft materials consisting of assembled molecules.They can be used as new functional materials for electron, ion, or molecular transportation, sensory, catalytic, optical, and bio-active materials [1,2].

Herein, we describe new approaches to functionalization of liquid crystals

and show how the design of liquid-crystalline structures formed by supramolecular assembly and nano-segregation leads to the formation of a variety of new functional soft materials.
The MEG experiment, designed to search for the mu+->e+ gamma decay at a 10^-13 sensitivity level, completed data taking in 2013. In order to increase the sensitivity reach of the experiment by an order of magnitude to the level of 6 x 10-14 for the branching ratio, a total upgrade, involving substantial changes to the experiment, has been undertaken, known as MEG II. We present both the motivation for the upgrade and a detailed overview of the design of the experiment and of the expected detector performance.
Protein uL2 is essential for the catalytic activity of the ribosome and has a conserved shape in ribosomes from all domains of life. However, the sequence of its unstructured C-terminal loop apex that contacts the conserved 23S/28S rRNA helix (H) 93 near the ribosomal peptidyl transferase center differs in bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes. Eukaryote-specific residue His216 located in this loop in mammalian uL2 is hydroxylated in ribosomes.

We used a set of chemical probes to explore the structure of an RNA that mimicked a segment of 28S rRNA domain V containing part of the uL2 binding site including H93, complexed with either natural (hydroxylated) or recombinant (unmodified) human uL2.

It was found that both protein forms engage H93 during binding, but only natural uL2 (uL2n) protects it from hydroxyl radicals. The association of uL2n with RNA leads to changes in its structure at U4532 adjacent to the universally conserved U4531 (U2585, Escherichia coli numbering) involved in peptidyl transferase center formation, and at the universally conserved C4447 (2501) located in the ribosome near A4397 (2451) and C3909 (2063) belonging to the peptidyl transferase center. As a result, both nucleotides become strongly exposed to hydroxyl radicals. Our data argue that the hydroxyl group at His216 in the C-terminal loop apex of mammalian uL2 contributes to stabilization of a protein conformation that is favorable for binding to H93 of 28S rRNA and that this binding induces structural rearrangement in the regions close to the peptidyl transferase center in the mature ribosome.
It has long been hypothesized that chromosomal rearrangements play a central role in different evolutionary processes, particularly in speciation and adaptation. Interchromosomal rearrangements have been extensively mapped using chromosome painting. However, intrachromosomal rearrangements have only been described using molecular cytogenetics in a limited number of mammals, including a few rodent species. This situation is unfortunate because intrachromosomal rearrangements are more abundant than interchromosomal rearrangements and probably contain essential phylogenomic information. Significant progress in the detection of intrachromosomal rearrangement is now possible, due to recent advances in molecular biology and bioinformatics. We investigated the level of intrachromosomal rearrangement in the Arvicolinae subfamily, a species-rich taxon characterized by very high rate of karyotype evolution. We made a set of region specific probes by microdissection for a single syntenic region represented by the p-arm of chromosome 1 of Alexandromys oeconomus, and hybridized the probes onto the chromosomes of four arvicolines (Microtus agrestis, Microtus arvalis, Myodes rutilus, and Dicrostonyx torquatus). These experiments allowed us to show the intrachromosomal rearrangements in the subfamily at a significantly higher level of resolution than previously described. We found a number of paracentric inversions in the karyotypes of M. agrestis and M. rutilus, as well as multiple inversions and a centromere shift in the karyotype of M. arvalis. We propose that during karyotype evolution, arvicolines underwent a significant number of complex intrachromosomal rearrangements that were not previously detected.
Two equivalents of LGa (L=HC[C(Me)N(2,6‐ i Pr 2 C 6 H 3 )] 2 ) reacted with PX 3 (X=Cl, Br) with insertion into two P−X bonds and formation of [L(X)Ga] 2 PX (X=Cl 1 , Br 2 ), whereas the analogous reaction with AsCl 3 occurred with twofold insertion and subsequent elimination of LGaCl 2 and formation of the Ga‐substituted diarsene [L(Cl)Ga] 2 As 2 ( 3 ). Analogous findings were observed in the reactions with Me 2 NAsCl 2 , yielding the unsymmetrically‐substituted diarsene [L(Cl)Ga]As=As[Ga(NMe 2 )L] ( 4 ). The reaction of As(NMe 2 ) 3 with LGa gave [L(Me 2 N)Ga] 2 As 2 ( 5 ) after heating at 165 °C for five days, whereas the reaction with LAl gave [L(Me 2 N)Al] 2 As 2 ( 6 ) after heating at only 80 °C for one day. Finally, two equivalents of LGa reacted with Bi(NEt 2 ) 3 to give [L(Et 2 N)Ga] 2 Bi 2 ( 7 ).

Complexes 1 – 7 were characterized by NMR spectroscopy ( 1 H, 13 C, 31 P), elemental analysis, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (except for 1 and 5 ). The bonding situations in 4 , 6 , and 7 were analyzed by quantum chemical calculations.
We search for the decay Y(1S) -> gamma A0, A0 -> gg or ss-bar, where A0 is the pseudoscalar light Higgs boson predicted by the next-to-minimal supersymmetric standard model.

We use a sample of (17.6 +- 0.3)x 10^6 Y(1S) mesons produced in the BaBar experiment via e+e- -> Y(2S) -> pi+pi-Y(1S).

We see no significant signal and set 90%-confidence-level upper limits on the product branching fraction B(Y(1S) -> gamma A0) x B(A0 -> gg or ss-bar) ranging from 10^-6 to 10^-2 for A0 masses in the range 0.5 to 9.0GeV/c^2.
In this study, we demonstrated experimentally and theoretically that oxygen vacancies are responsible for the charge transport in HfO$_2$.

Basing on the model of phonon-assisted tunneling between traps, and assuming that the electron traps are oxygen vacancies, good quantitative agreement between the experimental and theoretical data of current-voltage characteristics were achieved.

The thermal trap energy of 1.25 eV in HfO$_2$ was determined based on the charge transport experiments.
Chromosomes of the males of five species of Odontura, belonging to the subgenera Odontura and Odonturella, were analyzed.Intensive evolution of the karyotype was recorded, both in terms of changes in the numbers of chromosomes (from 2n = 31 to 27) and the sex chromosome system (from X0 to neo-XY and X0 to neo-X1X2Y).Karyotype evolution was accompanied by tandem autosome fusions and interspecific autosomal and sex chromosome differentiation involving changes in the locations of nucleolar organizer regions, NORs, which were revealed by silver impregnation and confirmed by FISH using an 18S rDNA probe.O. (Odonturella) aspericauda is a polytypic species with X0 and neo-X1X2Y sex determination.The latter system is not common in tettigoniids.It possibly originated by a translocation of a distal segment of the original X chromosome onto a medium sized autosome, resulting in a shortened neo-X1 and a metacentric neo-Y.The remaining autosome homologue became the neo-X2 chromosome.This shift from X0 to neo-X1X2Y is supported by the length of the X chromosome and location of the NOR/rDNA.
The paper considers a concept of platform approach for automated electronic devices design. The concepts of 'platform-based development' and 'unification and standardization of developments' are compared. Analysis was carried out on our own examples of ellipsometric equipment family development and the development of a nanosatellite platform of the CubeSat standard.

The decomposition of these platform solutions into unified modules is presented. Quantitative indicators of project-to-project unification were calculated for these two cases in accordance with regulatory documents. By experience, the typical value of the project-to-project unification indicator specified in the technical tasks for the development of devices ranges from 60 % and higher.

For the family of ellipsometers the value of project-to-project unification coefficient equal to 96.3 % was calculated. For the nanosatellite platform a value of project-to-project unification coefficient equal to 84 % was obtained. Both values exceed significantly the value of typical given values. It is shown that chosen fragmentations of platforms into unified modules outlined in the paper are optimal from functional differentiation between modules point of view. Advantages of the platform approach are demonstrated on personal experience of development of high-speed ellipsometric equipment and a universal nanosatellite platform of the Cube Sat standard. It is shown that the obtained high rates of unification are achieved due to the modular principle implementation for design of electronic subsystems. Years of successful experience in effective design of new automated devices within the existing platform is consistent with qualitative calculations. The quantitative value of standardization and unification indicators can serve as a main factor for the adoption of engineering and management decisions on changes in the products being developed.
We report a measurement of the CP-violation parameter sin2φ1 at the Υ(5S) resonance using a new tagging method, called "B-π tagging." In Υ(5S) decays containing a neutral B meson, a charged B, and a charged pion, the neutral B is reconstructed in the J/ψK(S)(0) CP-eigenstate decay channel. The initial flavor of the neutral B meson at the moment of the Υ(5S) decay is opposite to that of the charged B and may thus be inferred from the charge of the pion without reconstructing the charged B. From the asymmetry between B-π(+) and B-π(-) tagged J/ψK(S)(0) yields, we determine sin2φ1=0.57±0.58(stat)±0.06(syst). The results are based on 121 fb(-1) of data recorded by the Belle detector at the KEKB e(+)e(-) collider.
The properties of the similarity transformation in percolation theory in the complex plane of the percolation probability are studied. It is shown that the percolation problem on a two-dimensional square lattice reduces to the Mandelbrot transformation, leading to a fractal behavior of the percolation probability in the complex plane. The hierarchical chains of impedances, reducing to a nonlinear mapping of the impedance space onto itself, are studied. An infinite continuation of the procedure leads to a fixed point. It is shown that the number of steps required to reach a neighborhood of this point has a fractal distribution.
In order to check the compatibility of gluon Reggeization in QCD with s-channel unitarity

We obtain this correction from the gluon production amplitude in multi-Regge kinematics and present an explicit expression for it in terms of a few integrals over the transverse momenta of virtual particles

The one-gluon contribution to the nonforward Balitskii-Fadin-Kuraev-Lipatov (BFKL) kernel at arbitrary D is also obtained
At FSE 2004, Lipmaa et al. studied the additive differential probability adp⊕(α,β → γ) of exclusive-or where differences α,β,γ ∈ Fn2 are expressed using addition modulo 2n. This probability is used in the analysis of symmetric-key primitives that combine XOR and modular addition, such as the increasingly popular Addition-Rotation-XOR (ARX) constructions.

The focus of this paper is on maximal differentials, which are helpful when constructing differential trails. We provide the missing proof for Theorem 3 of the FSE 2004 paper, which states that maxα,βadp⊕(α,β → γ) = adp⊕(0,γ → γ) for all γ. Furthermore, we prove that there always exist either two or eight distinct pairs α,β such that adp⊕( α,β → γ) = adp⊕(0,γ → γ), and we obtain recurrence formulas for calculating adp⊕.

To gain insight into the range of possible differential probabilities, we also study other properties such as the minimum value of adp⊕(0,γ → γ), and we find all γ that satisfy this minimum value.
Background. Long coevolution of prey and predator species of mammals creates specific mechanisms of their interaction, e. g. preys innate behavior aversive to the predator odor. However, little is known about genetic responses in the prey organism.

Materials and methods. CBA mouse males were exposed to volatiles from adult cat urine for 2 or 24 hours. To estimate the genetic effect, ana-telophase method of chromosome aberration analysis and comet assay were used. The level of corticosterone was also measured after the exposure for 30 or 60 minutes.

Results. The exposure to cats urine volatiles for 2 hours induced damage of DNA in bone marrow cells of the mouse males as was shown by the DNA comet analysis. The exposure for 24 hours elevated the frequency of chromosome aberrations in mitotically dividing cells at ana-telophase stage. No significant changes were found in the level of corticosterone in the peripheral blood. Conclusion. We have shown that volatile chemosignals from predators urine induce genomic instability in bone marrow cells of a prey. The hormonal pathway of such influence is still unknown. Intraorganismic paths leading to genome damage are discussed as well as far consequences of discovered effects.
Experimental and theoretical studies of nonlinear frequency combs in \chi^(3) optical microresonators attracted tremendous research interest during the last decade and resulted in prototypes of solitonbased steadily working devices. Realization of similar combs owing to \chi^(2) optical nonlinearity promises new breakthroughs and is a big scientific challenge.

We analyze the main obstacles for realization of the \chi^(2) frequency combs in high-Q microresonators and propose two families of steadystate nonlinear solutions, including soliton and periodic solutions, for such combs. Despite generic periodicity of light fields inside microresonators, the nonlinear solutions can be topologically different and relevant to periodic and antiperiodic boundary conditions.

The found particular solutions exist owing to a large difference in the group velocities between the first and second harmonics, typical of \chi^(2) microresonators, and to the presence of the pump. They have no zero-pump counterparts relevant to conservative solitons. Stability issue for the found comb solutions remains open and requires further numerical analysis.
Serotonin 5-HT2A receptors are playing an important role in the pathophysiology of aggressive behaviors and in the control of immune function. In the present study, we analyzed the effects of activation and blockade of 5-HT2A receptors with selective ligands on the immune response formation in animals with aggressive behaviors induced by genetic factors (rats selected for the increased aggressiveness toward human) or by chronic social stress (mice of the CBA/Lac strain engaged in 10 days of social confrontations). Activation of 5-HT2A receptors with DOI at 1.0 mg/kg reduced the immune response level both in aggressive rats and mice compared to the corresponding vehicle-treated groups, while DOI administration did not alter the immune reaction in nonaggressive animals. The blockade of 5-HT2A receptors with ketanserin at 1.0 mg/kg resulted in immunostimulation both in mice of the CBA strain not subjected to social stress (the controls) and in nonaggressive rats selected for elimination of aggressiveness. On the other hand, its administration to CBA mice demonstrating offensive aggression enhanced the immune reaction, while the same dose of ketanserin did not modify the immune response level in rats with genetic predisposition to the increased defensive aggression. Thus, our data suggest that the role of 5-HT2A receptors in immunomodulation depends on the specific type of aggression that may be taking into account in the treatment of some neuropsychiatric disorders with the antipsychotic drugs and antidepressants targeting 5-HT2A receptors.
We propose a method for implementation of an universal set of one- and two-quantum-bit gates for quantum computation in the system of two coupled electrons with constant non-diagonal exchange interaction. Suppression of the exchange interaction is offered to implement by all-the-time repetition of single spin rotations. Small g-factor difference of electrons allows to address qubits and to avoid strong magnetic field pulses. It is shown by means of numerical experiments that for implementation of one- and two-qubit operations it is sufficient to change the amplitude of the magnetic field within a few Gauss, introducing in a resonance one and then the other electron. To find the evolution of the two-qubit system, we use the algorithms of the optimal control theory.
TOWN AND GOWN» 1 : УНИВЕРСИТЕТ В ГОРОДСКОМ СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОМ И КУЛЬТУРНО-ИСТОРИЧЕСКОМ ПРОСТРАНСТВЕ ЕВРОПЫ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ВЕЛИКОБРИТАНИИ, ГЕРМАНИИ, ФРАНЦИИ И ПОЛЬШИ)

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Selective regulation of gene expression by means of RNA interference has revolutionized molecular biology. This approach is not only used in fundamental studies on the roles of particular genes in the functioning of various organisms, but also possesses practical applications.

A variety of methods are being developed based on gene silencing using dsRNA—for protecting agricultural plants from various pathogens, controlling insect reproduction, and therapeutic techniques related to the oncological disease treatment. One of the main problems in this research area is the successful delivery of exogenous dsRNA into cells, as this can be greatly affected by the localization or origin of tumor.

This overview is dedicated to describing the latest advances in the development of various transport agents for the delivery of dsRNA fragments for gene silencing, with an emphasis on cancer treatment.
In full and over load operating points some Francis turbines experience strong selfexcited pressure and power oscillations, which restrict the range of operation and maximum output of the turbine. Previously the authors proposed a 1D-3D two-phase model and numerical method for investigation of this phenomenon.

In the present paper this model is further extended and applied to investigation of countermeasures, used for prevention of high load oscillations. First, the third phase - non-condensable air - is introduced into the model in order to investigate the effect of air admission. Then, several modifications of runner cone are examined, showing negligible effect on the amplitude and frequency of full load oscillations. Next, different modifications of runner blade shape are considered, giving different axial and circumferential velocity profiles downstream the runner.

It is shown that variation of blade shape significantly affects the onset and intensity of self-excited oscillations. The obtained results indicate that proper runner design is able to eliminate high load instability without the need of air admission and reduction in turbine efficiency.
We report the design of a high-throughput gradient hyperbolic lenslet built with real-life materials and capable of focusing a beam into a deep sub-wavelength spot of λ/23.

This efficient design is achieved through high-order transformation optics and circular effective-medium theory (CEMT), which are used to engineer the radially varying anisotropic artificial material based on the thin alternating cylindrical metal and dielectric layers. The radial gradient of the effective anisotropic optical constants allows for matching the impedances at the input and output interfaces, drastically improving the throughput of the lenslet. However, it is the use of the zeroth-order CEMT that enables the practical realization of a gradient hyperlens with realistic materials. To illustrate the importance of using the CEMT versus the conventional planar effective-medium theory (PEMT) for cylindrical anisotropic systems, such as our hyperlens, both the CEMT and PEMT are adopted to design gradient hyperlenses with the same materials and order of elemental layers.

The CEMT- and PEMT-based designs show similar performance if the number of metal-dielectric binary layers is sufficiently large (9+ pairs) and if the layers are sufficiently thin. However, for the manufacturable lenses with realistic numbers of layers (e.g. five pairs) and thicknesses, the performance of the CEMT design continues to be practical, whereas the PEMT-based design stops working altogether. The accurate design of transformation optics-based layered cylindrical devices enabled by CEMT allow for a new class of robustly manufacturable nanophotonic systems, even with relatively thick layers of real-life materials.
Exploiting time series of the cost of a staples basket across 75 Russian regions over 1994-2000, price linkages of the regions are analyzed with the use of Granger causality as a tool. Price linkages of Russian regions are found extensive: on average, an individual regional market is linked through prices with 62% of others. Neither isolated clusters of regions nor autarkic regions are revealed; each region is linked with all others either directly or indirectly, through a chain of no more than two intermediate regions. Spatial autocorrelation is found to take place in two thirds of regions
We report a search for $X(3872)$ and $X(3915)$ in $B^+ \to \chi_{c1} \pi^0 K^+$ decays. We set an upper limit of $\mathcal{B}(B^+ \to X(3872) K^+) \times \mathcal{B}(X(3872) \to \chi_{c1} \pi^0)$ $ < 8.1 \times 10^{-6}$ and $\mathcal{B}(B^+ \to X(3915) K^+) \times \mathcal{B}(X(3915) \to \chi_{c1} \pi^0)$ $ < 3.8 \times 10^{-5}$ at 90\% confidence level. We also measure $\mathcal{B}(X(3872) \to \chi_{c1} \pi^0)/\mathcal{B}(X(3872) \to J/\psi \pi^+ \pi^-) < 0.97$ at 90\% confidence level. The results reported here are obtained from $772 \times 10^{6}$ $B\overline{B}$ events collected at the $\Upsilon(4S)$ resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy $e^+e^-$ collider.
According to microelectronic production leaders the lithography based on the free electron laser (FEL) could become the main technology for the elements mass production with scale to 5 nm in the nearest future. One of the main problem is the absence of the working FEL with required parameters.

The feasibility study of those FEL based on superconducting energy-recovery linac (ERL) was made in Budker INP. The ERL average current is limited by longitudinal and transverse instabilities, caused by interaction between electron beam and its induced fields in the superconducting cavities.

The estimations of the threshold currents and ERL parameters were made.