Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Raman scattering spectra were obtained at 25-320 K for bilayers prepared from saturated 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) and mono-unsaturated 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) phospholipids, with and without cholesterol.

Raman intensities were measured at modes sensitive to lipid inter-chain interactions and/or intra-chain torsional motion (asymmetric CH2 stretching at 2880 cm(-1)) and to the conformational state of lipids (C-C stretching at 1130 cm(-1)).

These intensities decreased with temperature, which could be ascribed to increased lipid flexibility. For cholesterol-free and cholesterol-containing DPPC bilayers, the decrease of Raman intensities observed above ∼200 K could be related to the phenomenon of dynamical transition known for biological systems near these temperatures. For a cholesterol-free POPC bilayer, the decrease of intensity for the asymmetric CH2 stretching mode started at a lower temperature, above 100 K, while the addition of cholesterol shifted this starting temperature to a more normal ∼200 K value. The low-temperature lipid flexibility in the case of POPC was related to the abundance of free-volume holes, which disappeared in presence of cholesterol. Near gel-fluid phase transitions, Raman intensities for cholesterol-free bilayers dropped sharply, while for cholesterol-containing bilayers, they changed smoothly.
Substitution reactions of binuclear niobium cluster anion [Nb 2 S 4 (NCS) 8 ] 4– with different types of pyridine‐based diimine ligands have been carried out. In the case of 2,2′‐bipyridine (bipy) and its derivatives, only monosubstituted complexes [Nb 2 S 4 (NCS) 6 L] 2– have been isolated. In the case of 1,10‐phenanthroline and 2‐(2‐pyridyl)benzimidazole (Hpbz), both mono‐ and disubstituted complexes, [Nb 2 S 4 (NCS) 6 L] 2– and [Nb 2 S 4 (NCS) 4 L 2 ], respectively, have been obtained. Crystal structures of (Et 4 N) 2 [Nb 2 S 4 (NCS) 6 (bipy)] · 0.5bipy · 0.7CH 3 CN and [Nb 2 S 4 (pbmz) 2 (NCS) 4 ] · 5DMF · 0.8H 2 O have been determined. All compounds have been characterized by NMR, ESI mass spectrometry, IR, UV/Vis spectroscopy, and CV. TiO 2 nanoparticles modified with (Et 4 N) 2 [Nb 2 S 4 (NCS) 6 (bipy)] show moderate photocatalytic activity in the reaction of H 2 generation from water in the presence of Na 2 S/Na 2 SO 3 as a sacrificial electron donor system. The linear and nonlinear optical properties of the complexes with bipyridine ligands have been studied; the complexes function as broad‐band optical limiters.
We report a measurement of the branching fraction of the exclusive charmless semileptonic decay ${B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\omega}{\ensuremath{\ell}}^{+}\ensuremath{\nu}$, where $\ensuremath{\ell}$ is either an electron or a muon. We use samples of ${B}^{+}$ mesons tagged by a reconstructed charmed semileptonic decay of the other $B$ meson in the event. The measurement is based on a data set of $426.1\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 10.58 GeV recorded with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ storage rings. We measure a branching fraction of $\mathcal{B}({B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\omega}{\ensuremath{\ell}}^{+}\ensuremath{\nu})=(1.35\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.21\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.11)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$, where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. We also present measurements of the partial branching fractions in three bins of ${q}^{2}$, the invariant-mass squared of the lepton-neutrino system, and we compare them to theoretical predictions of the form factors.
The Middle Pleistocene interglacial fl oras of Western Siberia are compared with that reconstructed on the basis of the Karama site, evidencing marked differences. The fl ora around Karama included broad-leaved taxa that were absent during the Middle Pleistocene interglacials of western Siberia, when apart from modern arboreal taxa, only cold-resistant broad-leaved ones were present (Tilia, Corylus, Ulmus, and Juglans). The Karama fl ora resembles the last western Siberian thermophilic fl ora––Barnaul, which existed during the long climatic warming of the Early Pleistocene, corresponding to the Tiglian in northwestern Europe (2.23–1.59 Ma BP). Since the beginning of the Middle Pleistocene, interglacial fl oras of western Siberia have resembled modern ones.

This paper presents new data on the structure and the lithological, pedological, paleontological, and paleomagnetic features of the Middle and Upper Quaternary sediments in the Peschanaya River valley, the foothills of northwestern Altai. Those horizons contain a loess-soil sequence and sediments relating to two Middle Pleistocene interglacials. On the basis of palinological characteristics of one of the Middle Pleistocene interglacials, the succession of fl oras during the respective stages is reconstructed.

In terms of phytocenotic and palaeoclimatic features, Middle Pleistocene interglacial environments of western Siberia display a sharp contrast with those of Barnаul and Karama.
The current article deals with the question of a set of proper names in the tradition. It is history of Germanic tribes.

In the article the issues of syntagmatics and paradigmatics of proper names in genealogies of Anglo-Saxon kings are considered.

The article shows that a set of proper names can be organized on the basis of alliteration and can be transferred from a generation to a generation. There are some correlations between the proper names and names of kingdoms. The authors emphasize the complex type of nomination in Anglo-Saxon tradition when not only the tradition of inheritance, that is the succession in the paradigmatics of the king's name, but also the observance of rules of identity at the level of correlation of name, on the one hand, and ethnonym or name of kingdom, on the other hand, were taken into account.
Composite Module Analyst (CMA) is a novel software tool aiming to identify promoter-enhancer models based on the composition of transcription factor (TF) binding sites and their pairs. CMA is closely interconnected with the TRANSFAC ® database. In particular, CMA uses the positional weight matrix (PWM) library collected in TRANSFAC ® and therefore provides the possibility to search for a large variety of different TF binding sites. We model the structure of the long gene regulatory regions by a Boolean function that joins several local modules, each consisting of co-localized TF binding sites. Having as an input a set of co-regulated genes, CMA builds the promoter model and optimizes the parameters of the model automatically by applying a genetic-regression algorithm. We use a multicomponent fitness function of the algorithm which includes several statistical criteria in a weighted linear function. We show examples of successful application of CMA to a microarray data on transcription profiling of TNF-alpha stimulated primary human endothelial cells. The CMA web server is freely accessible at http://www.gene-regulation.com/pub/programs/cma/CMA.html . An advanced version of CMA is also a part of the commercial system ExPlain™ ( www.biobase.de ) designed for causal analysis of gene expression data.
Triarylmethyl radicals (trityls, TAMs) represent a relatively new class of spin labels. The long relaxation of trityls at room temperature in liquid solutions makes them a promising alternative for traditional nitroxides.

In this work we have synthesized a series of TAMs including perdeuterated Finland trityl (D36 form), mono-, di-, and triester derivatives of Finland-D36 trityl, the deuterated form of OX63, the dodeca-n-butyl homologue of Finland trityl, and triamide derivatives of Finland trityl with primary and secondary amines attached. We have studied room-temperature relaxation properties of these TAMs in liquids using pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) at two microwave frequency bands.

We have found the clear dependence of phase memory time (Tm ∼ T2) on the magnetic field: room-temperature Tm values are ∼1.5-2.5 times smaller at the Q-band (34 GHz, 1.2 T) than at the X-band (9 GHz, 0.3 T). This trend is ascribed to the contribution from g-anisotropy that is negligible at lower magnetic fields but comes into play at the Q-band. In agreement with this, the difference between T1 and Tm becomes more pronounced at the Q-band than at the X-band due to increased contributions from incomplete motional averaging of g-anisotropy. Linear dependence of (1/Tm - 1/T1) on viscosity implies that g-anisotropy is modulated by rotational motion of the trityl radical. On the basis of the analysis of previous data and results of the present work, we conclude that, in the general situation where the spin label is at least partly mobile, the X-band is most suitable for application of trityls for room-temperature pulsed EPR distance measurements.
Septin proteins are polymerizing GTPases that are found in most eukaryotic species. Septins are important for cytokinesis and participate in many processes involving spatial modifications of the cell cortex. In Drosophila, septin proteins Pnut, Sep1, and Sep2 form a hexameric septin complex.

Here, we found that septin protein Pnut is phosphorylated during the first 2 hr of Drosophila embryo development. To study the effect of Pnut phosphorylation in a live organism, we created a new Drosophila pnut null mutant that allows for the analysis of Pnut mutations during embryogenesis. To understand the functional significance of Pnut phosphorylation, Drosophila strains carrying nonphosphorylatable and phospho-mimetic mutant pnut transgenes were established.

The expression of the nonphosphorylatable Pnut protein resulted in semilethality and abnormal protein localization, whereas the expression of the phospho-mimetic mutant form of Pnut disrupted the assembly of a functional septin complex and septin filament formation in vitro Overall, our findings indicate that the controlled phosphorylation of Pnut plays an important role in regulating septin complex functions during organism development.
New types of triple-decker complexes with an organo-substituted P5 middle-deck were synthesized by the reaction of [Cp*Fe(η4-P5R)]- (1a: R = CH2SiMe3; 1b: R = NMe2) with halogeno-bridged transition metal dimers [Cp'''MX]2 (M = Cr, Fe, Co, Ni; X = Cl, Br). By oxidation of [(Cp*Fe)(Cp'''Co)(μ,η4:3-P5CH2SiMe3)] 2a with [Cp2Fe][PF6], the cationic complex [(Cp*Fe)(Cp'''Co)(μ,η5:4-P5CH2SiMe3)]+ was isolated. The electronic structure of the synthesized complexes was elucidated by DFT calculations.
The paper presents the results of geological, geochemical and isotope-geochronological studies of subvolcanic rhyolites of the Western Gorny Altai and Rudny Altai which have related to two large volcanic systems, the Altai-Minusinsk and Altai-Salair, respectively.

The results of U-Pb isotopic dating of zircons revealed two groups of ages ~410-405 and 390-381 million years. Isotope-geochemical characteristics of rhyolites show relatively high values of εNd(T) = +2,7...6,0 with relatively young values of model ages T(DM) = 851-966 Ma in the Rudny Altai and more ancient - up to 1266 Ma in the West Gorny Altai. Geochemical characteristics indicate that its composition is consistent with transitional field between within-plate and island-arc felsic magmas.

The results obtained correspond to the two-stage evolution of volcanism and its migration from the continent to the ocean.
A model-independent search for direct CP violation in the Cabibbo-suppressed decay D+→K−K+π+ in a sample of approximately 370 000 decays is carried out. The data were collected by the LHCb experiment in 2010 and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 35 pb−1. The normalized Dalitz plot distributions for D+ and D− are compared using four different binning schemes that are sensitive to different manifestations of CP violation. No evidence for CP asymmetry is found.1 MoreReceived 18 October 2011DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.84.112008This article is available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.© 2011 CERN, for the LHCb
In this paper we construct multiparametric families of two dimensional metrics with polynomial first integral.

Such integrable geodesic flows are described by solutions of some semi-Hamiltonian hydrodynamic type system. We find infinitely many conservation laws and commuting flows for this system. This procedure allows us to present infinitely many particular metrics by the generalized hodograph method.

We find infinitely many conservation laws and commuting flows for this system. This procedure allows us to present infinitely many particular metrics by the generalized hodograph method.
New synthesis technique for the photocatalysts based on Cd1-xMnxS solid solutions was proposed. The inorganic sodium sulfide was used as a sulfur precursor. The samples were characterized by XRD and TEM techniques. It has been shown that the proposed method results in the formation of the samples which consist of two phases – Mn3O4 and Cd1-xMnxS. The activity of synthesized catalysts was tested in the hydrogen evolution reaction from aqueous suspensions containing Na2S/Na2SO3 salts as electron donors under visible light irradiation (450 nm). It has been shown that the rate of hydrogen evolution grows with the manganese ratio and significantly exceeds the activity of pristine CdS. The activity of the Cd1-xMnxS/Mn3O4 samples is comparable with the values described for such kind of systems.
Тритикале (½ Triticosecale Wittmack) -новая сельскохозяйственная культура, объединяющая в себе ценные свойства пшеницы и ржи.К преимуществам тритикале относятся способность произрастать на бедных, кислых, подтопляемых почвах, более высокое

ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ГЕНОВ Vrn ДЛЯ СОЗДАНИЯ ФОРМ ТРИТИКАЛЕ С РАЗНОЙ ПРОДОЛЖИТЕЛЬНОСТЬЮ ВЕГЕТАЦИОННОГО ПЕРИОДА
The series of Young Scientists Schools in Systems Biology and Bioinformatics (SBB) started several years ago, in 2008, as educational workshop associated with the large international conference series on bioinformatics known as BGRS\SB (Bioinformatics of Genome Regulation and Structure\Systems Biology). After its inauguration year of 1998, BGRS/SBB held biannually at the Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS in Novosibirsk. In a recent decade, it became a prime meeting venue for biologists, computer scientists, physicists, mathematicians and biochemists working in an interdisciplinary field of systems biology and computer genomics. Being the largest system biology meeting series in Russia, BGRS\SB-14 attracted participants from 27 countries. In the past BioMedCentral had published series of special issues based on best materials presented at the conference in BMC Genomics, BMC Evolutionary Biology, BMC Genetics and BMC Systems biology. In addition, the protein structure related studies presented by BGRS/SBB participants were collated as special issues in Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology.

In 2015, the SBB School concentrated on the modern genomics and an analysis of high-throughput sequencing data. The materials presented in the current special issue provide examples of seamless integration of experimental studies performed in the lab and the computer-assisted inquiries into in the complex patterns of the organization and the functioning of biologic systems at the molecular, cell, tissue, organ, and body levels. The scientific topics discussed in 2015 were presented at the following sections: Next generation sequencing (NGS) and data analysis Evolutionary bioinformatics Systems biology and gene network modeling.

The first generation of its participants already matured enough to substantially advance in the field. A majority of the participants graduated with PhDs, and now are contributing to the school as the lecturers and to a number of world universities as professors. For some students, the conference became instrumental in obtaining their post-doc or first independent position in academic world. In many cases, the informal atmosphere of the school helped to spark a collaboration that later led to publications in leading journals or the dramatic changes in their science career.
YUCCA (YUCCA flavin-dependent monooxygenase) is one of the two enzymes of the main auxin biosynthesis pathway (tryptophan aminotransferase enzyme (TAA)/YUCCA) in land plants. The evolutionary origin of the YUCCA family is currently controversial: YUCCAs are assumed to have emerged via a horizontal gene transfer (HGT) from bacteria to the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of land plants or to have inherited it from their ancestor, the charophyte algae.

To refine YUCCA origin, we performed a phylogenetic analysis of the class B flavoprotein monooxygenases and comparative analysis of the sequences belonging to different families of this protein class. We distinguished a new protein family, named type IIb flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMOs), which comprises homologs of YUCCA from Rhodophyta, Chlorophyta, and Charophyta, land plant proteins, and FMO-E, -F, and -G of the bacterium Rhodococcus jostii RHA1. The type IIb FMOs differ considerably in the sites and domain composition from the other families of class B flavoprotein monooxygenases, YUCCAs included. The phylogenetic analysis also demonstrated that the type IIb FMO clade is not a sibling clade of YUCCAs. We have also identified the bacterial protein group named YUC-like FMOs as the closest to YUCCA homologs.

Our results support the hypothesis of the emergence of YUCCA via HGT from bacteria to MRCA of land plants.
Native Americans derive from a small number of Asian founders who likely arrived to the Americas via Beringia. However, additional details about the intial colonization of the Americas remain unclear. To investigate the pioneering phase in the Americas we analyzed a total of 623 complete mtDNAs from the Americas and Asia, including 20 new complete mtDNAs from the Americas and seven from Asia. This sequence data was used to direct high-resolution genotyping from 20 American and 26 Asian populations. Here we describe more genetic diversity within the founder population than was previously reported. The newly resolved phylogenetic structure suggests that ancestors of Native Americans paused when they reached Beringia, during which time New World founder lineages differentiated from their Asian sister-clades. This pause in movement was followed by a swift migration southward that distributed the founder types all the way to South America. The data also suggest more recent bi-directional gene flow between Siberia and the North American Arctic.
In the present paper, a new representation of the virtual braid group [Formula: see text] into the automorphism group of free product of the free group and free abelian group is constructed. This representation generalizes the previously constructed ones. The fact that the previously known representations are not faithful for [Formula: see text] is verified. Using representations of [Formula: see text], a virtual link group is defined. Also representations of the welded braid group [Formula: see text] are constructed and the welded link group is defined.
Investigations of the interaction of stationary weak shock waves with a flow in the vicinity of the attachment line at the leading edges of the models and their influence on the laminar-turbulent transition are considered in this paper. The experiments were conducted at Mach 2 and unit Reynolds number Re1 = 8×106 m-1 on the model of a flat steel plate with a sharp leading edge. The sticker placed on the test section wall was applied to induce the pair of weak shock waves. It was found out that in the initial section, the presence of a longitudinal vortex has the greatest effect on the excitation of perturbations at a frequency of 40 kHz, in downstream direction it was detected the appearance of additional peaks in the amplitude spectra over β at frequencies f=1–40 kHz.
Sufficient knowledge of molecular and genetic interactions, which comprise the entire basis of the functioning of living systems, is one of the necessary requirements for successfully answering almost any research question in the field of biology and medicine. To date, more than 24 million scientific papers can be found in PubMed, with many of them containing descriptions of a wide range of biological processes. The analysis of such tremendous amounts of data requires the use of automated text-mining approaches. Although a handful of tools have recently been developed to meet this need, none of them provide error-free extraction of highly detailed information. The ANDSystem package was developed for the reconstruction and analysis of molecular genetic networks based on an automated text-mining technique. It provides a detailed description of the various types of interactions between genes, proteins, microRNA's, metabolites, cellular components, pathways and diseases, taking into account the specificity of cell lines and organisms. Although the accuracy of ANDSystem is comparable to other well known text-mining tools, such as Pathway Studio and STRING, it outperforms them in having the ability to identify an increased number of interaction types. The use of ANDSystem, in combination with Pathway Studio and STRING, can improve the quality of the automated reconstruction of molecular and genetic networks. ANDSystem should provide a useful tool for researchers working in a number of different fields, including biology, biotechnology, pharmacology and medicine.
Three optical systems employing diffractive optical elements to generate surface plasmon polaritons (SPP) with orbital angular momentum on axisymmetric conductors are considered. In all three systems, the incident radiation is first converted by binary spiral phase axicons into a set of plane waves converging to the optical axis. In the zone of intersection of these waves, a "twisted" Bessel beam is formed. By fitting the diameter of the first ring of the Bessel beam to the diameter of the cylindrical conductor, it is possible to generate a rotating SPP by the "end-fire coupling" method. The use of an additional lens makes it possible to convert the SPP-exciting Bessel beam into a vortex annular beam whose diameter is independent of the topological charge of the beam. In the third scheme, converging plane waves are “intercepted” by a cylindrical metal diffraction grating, which forms twisted SPPs on a cylindrical conductor connected to the grating. Examples of the possible use of the proposed systems in experiments on a terahertz free electron laser are presented.
Our experimental studies of electron transport in wide (14 nm) HgTe quantum wells confirm the persistence of a two-dimensional topological insulator state reported previously for narrower wells, where it was justified theoretically. Comparison of local and nonlocal resistance measurements indicate edge state transport in the samples of about 1 mm size at temperatures below 1 K. Temperature dependence of the resistances suggests an insulating gap of the order of a few meV. In samples with sizes smaller than $10\text{ }\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$ a quasiballistic transport via the edge states is observed.
In this paper we study properties of the model, that describes the plane acoustic waves propagation. The model is based on the hyperboliv system of PDE, which is solved numerically by using the finite-volume method, based on Godunov scheme. After studying the direct problem we turn to the inverse one, where our goal is to recover the parameters of the system of PDE by using the initial data, measured in the receivers. We obtain the formula for the gradient of the misfits functional, which allows us to apply gradient-based optimization for recovering the density of the medium. We present the results of numerical experiments for different number of receivers, thus, studying the influence of the quantity of the data of inverse problem on the accuracy of the solution.