Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
A key advantage of amino-modified SiO2 nanoparticles for delivery of phosphorylated nucleosides is a broad possibility for functionalization. It can be modified with ligands currently investigated in targeted drug delivery. To improve the efficacy for intracellular delivery, SiO2 nanoparticles were functionalized with tumor-targeting ligands folic acid, biotin or 5-fluorouracil. Studies of accumulation of these conjugates in HCT116 colon carcinoma cells revealed that the uptake of modified conjugates was significantly bigger compared to unmodified nanoparticles, with the biotinylated conjugate as the preferred compound. The nanocomposites of biotin modified SiO2 and 2′,3′-dideoxyuridine triphosphate showed a pronounced antiproliferative potency relative to the unmodified nanocomposites. Thus, multi-functionalization of SiO2 nanoparticle based conjugates has a major potential for delivery of nucleoside triphosphate analogues, therefore tentatively enhancing their bioactivity.
Das größte f-Element-Polystibid [(Cp*2Sm)4Sb8], wurde von P. W. Roesky und Mitarbeitern ausgehend von kleinen Sb0-Nanopartikeln oder von Sb-Amalgam synthetisiert. Im zweiten Fall konnten, wie in ihrer Zuschrift auf S. 6015 beschrieben, beispiellose Sm/Sb/Hg-Zwischenstufen isoliert werden, die Einblicke in den Bildungsmechanismus von Polystibiden geben. Die Reaktion der kleinen Sb0-Nanopartikel mit [Cp*2Sm] führte dagegen direkt zum Polystibid [(Cp*2Sm)4Sb8]. Das größte f-Element-Polystibid [(Cp*2Sm)4Sb8], wurde von P. W. Roesky und Mitarbeitern ausgehend von kleinen Sb0-Nanopartikeln oder von Sb-Amalgam synthetisiert. Im zweiten Fall konnten, wie in ihrer Zuschrift auf S. 6015 beschrieben, beispiellose Sm/Sb/Hg-Zwischenstufen isoliert werden, die Einblicke in den Bildungsmechanismus von Polystibiden geben. Die Reaktion der kleinen Sb0-Nanopartikel mit [Cp*2Sm] führte dagegen direkt zum Polystibid [(Cp*2Sm)4Sb8]. Fluoreszenzsonden Biophysik Biosynthese
Using direct J/ψ decays the ratio of the electron and muon widths of the J/ψ meson was measured with the KEDR experiment at the VEPP-4M electron-positron collider.

Experience collected during this analysis will be used for J/ψ lepton width determination with 1% accuracy.

The result is in good agreement with lepton universality.
The high adaptive potential of modern wheat to a wide range of environmental conditions is determined by genetic changes during domestication. Genetic diversity in VRN1 genes is a key contributor to this adaptability. Previously, the association between the transitions C->T within the fourth and seventh exons of VRN-A1, the distinguishing pair haplotypes Ex4C/Ex4T and Ex7C/Ex7T, and the modulation of such agronomically valuable traits as the vernalization requirement duration, frost tolerance and flowering time of wheat have been shown. However, this polymorphism was analyzed in only a few cultivars of Triticum aestivum L., and not in other wheat species. In the present study, VRN-A1 exon 4 and exon 7 were investigated in six tetraploid and five hexaploid wheat species carrying different VRN-A1 alleles. An allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was optimized to identify the VRN-A1 exon 7 haplotypes. It was found that polymorphism of the VRN-A1 exon 7 originated in wild tetraploid wheat of Triticum dicoccoides Körn, while the mutant exon 4 of this gene originated later in domesticated hexaploid wheat of T. aestivum. Both these polymorphisms are found in all hexaploid wheat species. Analysis of the VRN-A1 exon 4 and exon 7 haplotype combinations found that intact exon 7 and mutant exon 4 are associated with analogous types of exon 4 and 7, respectively. With the exclusion of the Vrn-A1c (IL369) and Vrn-A1j alleles, identified only in hexaploid wheat, all dominant VRN-A1 alleles carry intact exons 4 and 7 (Ex4C/7C haplotype). The Ex4C/4T/7T haplotype was detected in numerous accessions of hexaploid wheat and is associated with the presence of multiple copies of VRN-A1. Overall, modern domesticated hexaploid wheat T. aestivum includes most possible combinations of the VRN-A1 exon 4 and exon 7 haplotypes among polyploid wheat, which are present in different proportions. This contributes to the high adaptive potential to a broad range of environmental conditions and facilitates the widespread distribution of this species throughout the world.
This is a brief review of the investigations of receptivity and control of hypersonic shock layers.

The present paper describes comprehensive numerical and experimental investigations of evolution of disturbances generated in the hypersonic viscous shock layer (VSL) on a flat plate by external acoustic waves and by perturbations introduced into the shock layer from the surface of model.

The active control of intensity of pulsations is possible because both external acoustic waves and the periodic controlled disturbances introduced on the plate surface generate, in a shock layer, entropy-vorticity disturbances with identical spatial distributions and phase velocities.
Will-be-set-by-IN-TECH one cannot consider as correct because of anisotropy of the atomic surroundings.The remark about fluorescence as two-step process mentioned above refers equally to the papers.To rigorous description of the vector nature of the atomic dipole moment it is necessary to take into account the atomic angular degrees of freedom, that is degeneracy of atomic levels.As far as we know, it was done only in the papers (Arnoldus & George, 1987; 1988a;b).In the papers the steady-state fluorescence of the atom near an axial symmetrical surface was theoretically investigated and influence of the surface was expressed in terms of electric field correlation function.The purpose of the chapter is to present the correct description of deexcitation dynamics of a degenerate two-level atom in the vicinity of arbitrary body.We start with a quantum mechanical expression for the atomic deexcitation probability expressed in terms of the normal correlation function of the atomic dipole moment operator and the antinormal correlation function of the electric field strength operator.Then the antinormal correlation function is expressed in terms of the field susceptibility by use of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem.The atomic dipole moment operator as well as the atomic density matrix operator is expressed in terms of irreducible tensor operators.Finally, it is shown that the atomic deexcitation rate at the instant immediately after pulse excitation is proportional to a linear combination of the products of the so-called atomic polarization moments, population and alignment, and anisotropic relaxation matrix.To find out deexcitation dynamics, a master equation for atomic density matrix is derived from an evolution equation for the total density matrix describing both atom and field.A consistent system of linear first-order ordinary differential equations for the atomic polarization moments is obtained from the master equation.Components of the anisotropic relaxation matrix describing the consistent system are expressed in terms of the field susceptibility tensor.Symmetries of the anisotropic relaxation matrix are found.It is shown that atomic deexcitation in general is multi-exponential.The simple exponential decay of the excited energy level takes place only if its total angular momentum is less then one.Deexcitation dynamics is considered in more detail for the case when the total angular momenta of the upper and lower levels are equal to 1 and 0 respectively.It is shown that in this case deexitation dynamics also may be exponential at certain polarizations of the exciting light.In conclusion, an intriguing issue that is why the simple model of classical oscillating dipole for description of fluorescence is in good agreement with observational evidence(Amos &
Structure solution of molecular crystals at low temperatures does not necessarily mean, that it is the same as at ambient temperature, even if there are no visible changes in the crystal colour, shape, transparency and integrity on temperature variation.This can be illustrated at the examples of two recently discovered low-temperature polymorphic transitions in the antidiabetic drugs with related molecular structures, chlorpropamide, C 10 H 13 ClN 2 O 3 S, [1], and tolbutamide, C 12 H 18 N 2 O 3 S, [2].These transitions are reversible and leave the crystals intact.Solving crystal structure at low temperature only, one cannot make a correct conclusion on the crystal structure under the crystallization conditions.The polymorphic transitions are very interesting, since they are accompanied by a peculiar conformational ordering on cooling, resulting in an increase in Z'.In other words, several conformers not related by any symmetry operations are distributed regularly in the crystal structures of the low-temperature forms, in contrast to hightemperature phases, which have only one conformer per unit cell.An increase in Z' is accompanied by changes in either the elementary translations, or the crystal system.Thus, at temperatures below 260 K β-chlorpropamide transforms from the orthorhombic into the monoclinic polymorph, and this transition is accompanied by nonmerohedral twinning; below 150 K one of the cell parameters doubles.In tolbutamide III below 150 K one of the cell parameters triples.All the transitions were studied by single-crystal and powder variabletemperature X-ray diffraction.The crystal structures of the hightemperature and low-temperature polymorphs were solved and refined at multiple temperatures.The changes in the translational symmetry was shown to be related to the regular changes in the conformations of the alkyl tails in some of the molecules, regularly distributed in the structure.All the low-temperature transitions were observed on cooling the polymorphs, which are metastable already at ambient conditions.At the same time, the stable forms of these compounds, which correspond to the commercially available samples, do not undergo any phase transitions on cooling.
—The Kamchatka Peninsula is one of the most tectonically active regions in the world, where intensive and diverse modern volcanic activity takes place. In the recent decade, substantial progress in the investigation of deep structures beneath Kamchatka has been achieved owing to numerous tomography studies based on seismological data provided by permanent stations and temporary networks deployed in some key areas. The goal of this review is summarizing and systematizing dozens of separate multiscale geophysical studies in Kamchatka and constructing an integral model of volcano-feeding systems. An important part of this review contains the description of results of various seismic studies related to the Klyuchevskoy group volcanoes, which can now be considered one of the best studied volcanic areas in the world. The results of the regional-scale seismic tomography reveal the existence of the Pacific slab window, which determines the particular activity of the Klyuchevskoy group volcanoes. Middle-scale tomography studies have found traces of an ascending hot mantle flow that passes through the slab window, reaches the bottom of the crust below Shiveluch Volcano, and then propagates laterally toward the Klyuchevskoy group. Seismic models of the entire crust in the area of the Klyuchevskoy group were used to identify different mechanisms of magmatic feeding of three most active volcanoes: Klyuchevskoy, Bezymianny, and Tolbachik. The data of local networks deployed on several volcanoes of Kamchatka were used to image the magma sources in the upper crust, which are directly responsible for the current eruption activity. The comparison of the results for the Kamchatka volcanoes with tomography models of several other volcanoes of the world allowed determining some common features and differences in feeding active magmatic systems.
МЕТОД КОМПЕНСАЦИИ НЕЛИНЕЙНЫХ ИСКАЖЕНИЙ СИГНАЛА В ВОЛОКОННЫХ СИСТЕМАХ СВЯЗИ НА ОСНОВЕ ТЕОРИИ ВОЗМУЩЕНИЙ И МАШИННОГО ОБУЧЕНИЯВ статье исследуется метод компенсации внутриканальных и межканальных нелинейных искажений оптического сигнала для волоконных систем связи со спектральным уплотнением каналов.В его основе лежит дискретная модель, связывающая переданные и принятые символы, построенная на анализе возмущений первого порядка системы уравнений Манакова.Реализация метода осуществляется с помощью
Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs) are one of the key parts of the TAIGA observatory, which is designed to study gamma rays and charged cosmic rays in the energy range of 10^13 eV – 10^18 eV. The current prototype phase comprises three IACTs. The first IACT was fabricated at JINR, Dubna, and started its first commissioning season in the Tunka valley in 2017. The second one has been assembled there in fall 2018, the third structure one is ready for installation in autumn 2019. This report presents the main TAIGA IACT characteristics and results from pointing performance studies in the last 2 seasons. We also describe R&D activities started to fabricate focusing glass mirrors at JINR, and give results for the first prototypes measurements.
The minimum distance graph of a code has the codewords as vertices and edges exactly when the Hamming distance between two codewords equals the minimum distance of the code. A constructive proof for reconstructibility of an extended perfect binary one-error-correcting code from its minimum distance graph is presented. Consequently, inequivalent such codes have nonisomorphic minimum distance graphs. Moreover, it is shown that the automorphism group of a minimum distance graph is isomorphic to that of the corresponding code.
In world archaeology, there has always been a problem regarding the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition. Late twentieth-century research has attempted to address this issue through the recognition of Initial Upper Palaeolithic (IUP) lithic industries.

These assemblages were first characterised through evidence from the sites of Boker Tachtit and Ksar Akil (the Levant), and they are now identified in many regions of Eurasia, including Central Asia, the Near East, the Altai Mountains, Transbaikalia, Mongolia and northern China. A characteristic IUP assemblage has also been recently found in Kazakhstan (Ushbulak-1) (Shunkov et al . 2016).

Large blades and elongated pointed flakes dominate these assemblages, and there is a prevalence of Upper Palaeolithic tool types in tool sets.
Structure-property investigation of crystalline amino acids is an important challenge since interactions between individual molecular fragments or even structural domains in the structure can simulate interactions in more complicated biological systems such as proteins and peptides.Besides, crystalline amino acids are applied as drugs, as piezoelectric and nonlinear optical materials.Therefore understanding a crystal structure response to variation in temperature and pressure is significant in such applications.Cysteine is a remarkable amino acid because its side-chain residue contains a sulfhydryl group involved in formation of additional labile hydrogen bonds (S-H…S or S-H…O).The presence of these very weak bonds in the structure allows cysteine to take a peculiar place between hydrophobic (no contribution of side-chains to H-bonds) and hydrophilic amino acids (with that contribution).In the present contribution we discuss an evolution of chiral and racemic cysteine crystal structures on cooling and on increasing pressure followed by X-ray crystallography and Raman spectroscopy.We also compare their behavior with that of cysteine crystalline salts and derivatives.The study was supported by the Projects of RAS (21.44, 5.6.4),SB RAS (Projects 13 & 109), grants from RFBR (09-03-00451, 10-03-00252), a BRHE grant from the CRDF (RUX0-008-NO-06) and FASI (RF) Contracts No GK P2529 & 16.740.11.0166.
Propagation of heterogeneous detonation in channels with expansion was studied.

Main detonation regimes of detonation propagation were found and maps of detonation regimes were built in coordinate system critical width of the channel – angle of extension. In channels with variable section, where width of the channel is changing through the area with inclined wall, at small ratios of the transverse dimension of a wide and narrow parts of channel are similar for considered angles.

Incising of the ratio leads to impact of nonlinear effects that found in channels with expansion.
Graphs are the most common abstract structure encountered in computer science and are widely used for abstract information representation.In the paper, we consider a practical and general graph formalism called hierarchical graphs.It is suited for visual processing and can be used in many areas where the strong structuring of information is needed.We present also the Higres and Visual Graph systems that are aimed at supporting of information visualization on the base hierarchical graph modes.
In this article we consider the mathematical foundations and software implementation of the early diagnosis of computer attacks. For this we used the JSM method of automatic hypothesis generation and the theory of case-based models. This software outputs hypotheses about the properties and expected consequences of a new computer attack. The system analyses a set of properties of the computer attack known to the user. For this we use the Base of the cyber attack’s precedents, described in the language of fuzzification of Boolean-valued models. Each potential property of the new attack is studied by using the JSM method. This process builds sets of positive and negative hypotheses concerning each property, giving a set of properties and consequences characteristic of the attack that has yet not happened at the time of analysis. The developed algorithm has polynomial complexity.
The energy spectrum of the three-dimensional (3D) velocity field, induced by collapsing vortex filaments, is studied. One of the aims of this work is to clarify the appearance of the Kolmogorov-type energy spectrum $E(k)\ensuremath{\propto}{k}^{\ensuremath{-}5/3}$, observed in many numerical works on discrete vortex tubes and quantized vortex filaments in quantum fluids at zero temperature. Usually when explaining classical turbulent properties of quantum turbulence the model of vortex bundles is used. This model is necessary to mimic the vortex stretching, which is responsible for the energy transfer in classical turbulence. In my consideration I do not appeal to the possible ``bundle arrangement'' but instead explore the alternative idea that the turbulent spectra appear from a singular solution, which describes the collapsing line at moments of reconnection. One more aim is related to an important and intensively discussed topic---the role of hydrodynamic collapse in the formation of turbulent spectra. I demonstrated that the specific vortex filament configuration generated the spectrum $E(k)$ close to the Kolmogorov dependence and discussed the reason for this as well as the reason for deviation. I also discuss the obtained results from the points of view of both classical and quantum turbulence.
A poor consumption of important nutrients triggered a public interest in functional foods that contain easy-to-digest proteins.

The present research features fractionation, mechanical activation, and enzymatic hydrolysis of pea protein. According to modern chemical methods, the protein content in the original pea biomass was 24.3% and its molecular weight distribution (MWD) was 5–135 kDa. Fractionation, or protein displacement, resulted in four fractions of biopolymers with different chemical composition, i.e. a different content of protein and carbohydrate molecules. The paper introduces some data on the enzymatic transformations of the substrate. A set of experiments made it possible to define the optimal conditions for the mechanical activation of pea biomass with proteolytic enzymes. The enzymes were obtained from Protosubtilin G3x, a complex enzyme preparation. When the substrate and the enzymes were mechanically activated together, it produced mechanocomposite, an intermediate product with increased reactivity. It increased the specific surface area by 3.2 times and doubled the crystallinity of the substrate. As a result, the rate and yield of the subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis increased from 18% to 61%. The study determined the capacity of the substrate in relation to the enzyme preparation. Under optimal conditions, the pea hydrolysis destroyed protein molecules within two hours. After four hours of hydrolysis, no changes were detected. A polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed non-hydrolysed protein molecules with MW ≈ 20 kDa. Presumably, they corresponded with legumin, which is resistant to neutral and alkaline proteases.

The resulting hydrolysates were spray-dried to test their potential use as a food component. The product obtained by spray-drying had a monomodal distribution of particle sizes of spherical shape with a diameter of 5–20 μm.
Новосибирский государственный университет, НовосибирскС использованием элементарных численных методов построены модели различных колебательных систем.

Математический маятник, поршень, движущийся в цилиндре под действием разности давлений в цилиндре, и материальная точка, совершающая колебательные движения по окружности под действием упругой силы, демонстрируют качественно различный характер зависимости между амплитудой и периодом колебаний.С помощью блока численного решения дифференциальных уравнений математического пакета MathCAD изучено движение маятника Капицы с нетривиальной возвращающей силой.Построение двух-и трехмерных графиков в системе MathCAD применено для сложения взаимно перпендикулярных колебаний и получения фигур Лиссажу.Автоколебательные системы представлены в виде моделей RC-генератора с трехзвенной фазовращающей цепью отрицательной обратной связью и генератора Вина.

Примером релаксационного генератора является мо
The study on the signs of socio-economic constitutionalism addresses only certain aspects of this broad issue. The article says that the Constitution of the Russian Federation lays down the potential of a socially oriented economy, examines the relationship of the social and economic foundations of the constitutional system with the foundations of the socio-economic status of the individual and the problems of the country's economic development. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that the significance of constitutional values in the context of socioeconomic constitutionalism during the economic crisis is indicated, a correlation is established between the effective development of a socially-oriented economy and the implementation of constitutional norms that enshrine the principles and guarantees of socio-economic rights as basic guidelines, not fully implemented. The scientific result of the study was the proposal of the need to develop and implement a state standard of social well-being. In connection with the use of such a standard, law enforcement practice may in the future contribute to positive shifts in Russian socio-economic constitutionalism in the context of the formation of answers to the challenges of globalization.
The first round of data taking with the CMD-3 and SND detectors at the VEPP-2000 e+e collider (BINP, Novosibirsk, Russia) was performed in 2011-2013. The main goal of experiments at VEPP-2000 is measurements of cross sections and studies of dynamics of exclusive modes for $e^+e^-\to hadrons$. In particular, these results provide important input for calculations of the hadronic contribution to the muon anomalous magnetic moment. Here we present the survey of analysis of data taken in 2011-2013. About 60 pb$^{-1}$ per detector were taken in the c.m. energy range from 0.32 to 2.0 GeV. The beam energy was continuously measured concurrently with data taking using Compton backscattering. In 2016 VEPP-2000 resumed operations after upgrade with a design luminosity of $10^{32}$ cm$^{−2}$s$^{−1}$ at 2 GeV.