Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Two series of Pt/γ‐Al 2 O 3 catalysts for low temperature NH 3 oxidation were prepared using Pt(NO 3 ) 4 and H 2 PtCl 6 precursors. Using both precursors results in the formation of small Pt particles (d<1.5 nm), however, Cl‐containing Pt precursors give a higher fraction of highly dispersed Pt species. Such species show high stability against thermal or H 2 treatment probably due to the presence of a substantial amount of chlorine on the surface. Treatment of the samples prepared from Pt(NO 3 ) 4 with H 2 leads to the formation of metallic Pt nanoparticles accompanied by the improvement of catalytic activity in NH 3 oxidation at T<200 °C. The main products of ammonia oxidation at temperatures below 250 °C were molecular nitrogen and nitrous oxide with the N 2 selectivity reaching 80 %. Operando XANES/EXAFS revealed that even after H 2 pretreatment at least 40 % of Pt surface remains in oxidized state under reaction conditions resulting in the appearance of N 2 O as a by‐product.
The existing hypotheses on speciation rely on Mendelian genes and mutations in them. However, genome-wide sequencing demonstrates that the Mendelian genes account less than one-tenth of the entire genome DNA. This means that a greater part of the genome has not yet been subject to large-scale evolutionary consideration. This paper deals with the conditional mutations in drosophila, which are mutations of the genes belonging to a special category (ontogenes) controlling the program of individual development. The ontogenes presumably reside in the DNA of intergenic spaces and introns. Conditional mutations display a number of properties absent in the mutations of Mendelian genes. These specific properties allow three key problems in speciation to be solved: (1) the possibility of emergence of new traits as a result of sequential mutagenesis; (2) selection of mutants; and (3) establishment of isolation. We have shown that (1) the mutations in ontogenes are able to form new multigenic regulatory blocks that escape selection during their creation; (2) mutations in ontogenes allow for existence of constantly acting zygotic selection, which is by no means less important for speciation than Darwinian selection; and (3) owing to their conditionally lethal effect, the mutations in ontogenes are able to create biological isolation barrier. This gives the grounds for assuming that the emergence of mutations in ontogenes is a necessary condition for speciation.
Studying new translations of the classic literature is important due to the growing interest for the phenomenon of re-translation in modern linguistics.

The purpose of the study is to analyze the relevance of stylistic dissonance phenomena in the Russian translation of 'Sense and Sensibility', published in 2013 – «Разум и чувство» (pronounced as [razum i chuvstvo], which means 'Reason and feeling'). The stylistic dissonance is regarded in the paper as the combination of different styles of vocabulary: literary words (poetic, obsolete, etc.), colloquialisms, anachronisms and anachronistic expressions. The analysis is a part of a larger research based on studying the full-text translations of J. Austen’s novel Sense and Sensibility written by Russian and French authors.

The following categories of the stylistic dissonance phenomena are revealed: 1) reflection (or creation) of comic effects and irony; 2) adaptation of the novel to the modern audience’s language picture of the world, tastes and preferences; 3) imperfections of translation and editing. The 3rd category and its 3 subcategories will be examined in the next article.
Supramolecular chemistry holds great potential for the design of versatile and safe carriers for therapeutic proteins and peptides. Nanocarriers can be designed to meet specific criteria for given application (exact drug, administration route, target tissue, etc.). However, alterations in the topology of formulation components can drastically change their activity. This is why the supramolecular topology of therapeutic nanoconstructions has to be considered.

Herein, we discuss several topological groups used for the design of nanoformulations for peptide and protein delivery: modification of polypeptide chains by host-guest interactions; packaging of proteins and peptides into liposomes; complexation and conjugation with dendrimers. Each topological type has its own advantages and disadvantages, so careful design of nanoformulations is needed.

Ideally, each case where nanomedicine is needed requires a therapeutic construction specially created for that taking into account features of the administration route, target tissue, or organ, properties of a drug, its bioavailability, etc. The wide number of studies in the field of protein delivery by supramolecular and nanocarriers for proteins and peptides evidence their increasing potential for different aspects of the innovative medicine. Although significant progress has been achieved in the field, there are several remaining challenges to be overcome in future.
The authors address an important problem of timely evaluation of tsunami danger after offshore underwater earthquake. In case of Japan it takes nearly 20 minutes for the wave to approach the nearest coast after the seismic event.

In this paper we continue to study the influence of tsunami source parameters on the distribution of the wave heights along the coast. Numerical tests show dependence of the distribution of such maximal wave heights from the orientation of the initial sea bed (sea surface) displacement, which has a form close to reconstruction of historic event at South-East of Japan.

As a rule, tsunami wave heights have sharp maximums at selected points of the coast. So, after seismic event the wave may be dangerous only at a few locations.
Within the framework of the skeleton model of a porous medium, numerical simulation of two tasks was performed: task of the absorption of acoustic disturbances at hypersonic flow past a plate with a porous insert taking into account the real properties of the gas and task of a supersonic flow around a streamwise aligned cylinder with a frontal insert from cellular porous nickel. It is shown that high porous cellular materials can effectively be used in supersonic aerodynamics.
In this note, residual finiteness of quandles is defined and investigated. It is proved that free quandles and knot quandles of tame knots are residually finite and Hopfian. Residual finiteness of quandles arising from residually finite groups (conjugation, core and Alexander quandles) is established. Further, residual finiteness of automorphism groups of some residually finite quandles is also discussed.
The recent precise measurements of the e + e − → K + K − and e + e − → K S K L cross sections and the hadronic spectral function of the τ − → K − K S ν τ decay are used to extract the isoscalar and isovector electromagnetic kaon form factors and their relative phase in a model independent way. The experimental results are compared with a fit based on the vector-meson-dominance model.
Copy Number Variation (CNV) of the human CNTN6 gene (encoding the contactin-6 protein), caused by deletions or duplications, is responsible for severe neurodevelopmental impairments, often in combination with facial dysmorphias. Conversely, deleterious point mutations of this gene do not show any clinical phenotypes.

To generate large chromosomal rearrangements on mouse chromosome 6, we applied CRISPR/Cas9 technology in zygotes. Two guide RNAs (gRNAs) (flanking a DNA fragment of 1137 Mb) together with Cas9 mRNA and single-stranded DNA oligonucleotides (ssODN) were microinjected into the cytoplasm of 599 zygotes of F1 (C57BL x CBA) mice, and 256 of them were transplanted into oviducts of CD-1 females. As a result, we observed the birth of 41 viable F0 offspring. Genotyping of these mice was performed by PCR analysis and sequencing of PCR products.

Among the 41 F0 offspring, we identified seven mice with deletions, two animals carrying duplications of the gene and four carrying inversions. Interestingly, two F0 offspring had both deletions and duplications. It is important to note that while three of seven deletion carriers showed expected sequences at the new joint sites, in another three, we identified an absence of 1–10 nucleotides at the CRISPR/Cas9 cut sites, and in one animal, 103 bp were missing, presumably due to error-prone non-homologous end joining. In addition, we detected the absence of 5 and 13 nucleotides at these sites in two F0 duplication carriers. Similar sequence changes at CRISPR/Cas9 cut sites were observed at the right and left boundaries of inversions. Thus, megabase-scale deletions, duplications and inversions were identified in 11 F0 offspring among 41 analyzed, i.e., approximately 25% efficiency. All genetically modified F0 offspring were viable and able to transmit these large chromosomal rearrangements to the next generation. Using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, we created mice carrying megabase-scale deletions, duplications, and inversions involving the full-sized Cntn6 gene. These mice became founders of new mouse lines, which may be more appropriate experimental models of CNV in the human 3p26.3 region than Сntn6 knockout mice.
A method of analytical and numerical calculation of the absorption coefficient was proposed and tested based on the results of a simplified experimental cutting setup. The results are compared with the literature forecasts in a wide range of angles of inclination. It was found a significant difference between the absorption coefficients used in the theory and reconstructed their experimental data. The obtained absorption coefficient can be used for further modeling of laser material processing technologies.
Mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in aging and in neurodegenerative diseases

pharmacological agents that alleviate mitochondrial dysfunction

are expected to have neuroprotective effects. Promising in this respect is mitochondrial-
ДВОЙСТВЕННОСТЬ В ЛИНЕЙНЫХ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХМОДЕЛЯХ ОБМЕНА 1 В. И. ШмыревРабота посвящена дальнейшему развитию оригинального подхода к поиску равновесных состояний в линейных экономических моделях обмена.Концептуальной основой подхода является полиэдральная комплементарность, обобщающая известную схему линейной комплементарности.Исходная проблема сводится к отысканию неподвижных точек кусочно-постоянных многозначных отображений на симплексе цен, порождаемых парой полиэдральных комплексов в двойственности.Для модели с фиксированными бюджетами (модель Фишера) возникающие отображения потенциальны, что позволяет свести проблему равновесия к паре оптимизационных задач, находящихся в двойственности подобно задачам линейного программирования.Полученное сведение отлично от широко известного результата Гейла Айзенберг и позволяет предложить конечные алгоритмы отыскания равновесных цен.В статье представлена концептуально завершенная версия подхода.Дана точная формулировка двойственного варианта предложенного сведения как для модели Фишера, так и для ее обобщений.Получено сведение и для общей модели с переменными бюджетами
The problem of continuation of the solution of a three-dimensional parabolic equation with data given on a time-like surface is investigated.

Two numerical methods for solving the continuation problem are compared: the finite-difference scheme inversion and the solution of inverse problem by gradient method. The functional gradient formula is obtained.

The results of numerical calculations are presented.
We report a measurement of ${D}^{0}	ext{\ensuremath{-}}{\overline{D}}^{0}$ mixing parameters and a search for indirect $CP$ violation through a time-dependent amplitude analysis of ${D}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}_{S}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ decays.

The results are based on $921\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of data accumulated with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collider.

Assuming $CP$ conservation, we measure the mixing parameters $x=(0.56\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}{0.19}_{\ensuremath{-}0.09\ensuremath{-}0.09}^{+0.03+0.06})%$ and $y=(0.30\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}{0.15}_{\ensuremath{-}0.05\ensuremath{-}0.06}^{+0.04+0.03})%$, where the errors are statistical, experimental systematic, and systematic due to the amplitude model, respectively. With $CP$ violation allowed, the parameters $|q/p|={0.90}_{\ensuremath{-}0.15\ensuremath{-}0.04\ensuremath{-}0.05}^{+0.16+0.05+0.06}$ and $\mathrm{arg}(q/p)=(\ensuremath{-}6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}11\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}{3}_{\ensuremath{-}4}^{+3})\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$ are found to be consistent with conservation of $CP$ symmetry in mixing and in the interference between mixing and decay, respectively.
This article is devoted to the study of the thermophysical properties of nanofluids with single-walled and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT). Their weight concentration varied from 0.05 to 0.2%. Nanofluids, based on ethylene glycol and water, were studied. Dispersants were also used. The diffusion of CNT had been systematically investigated by the method of dynamic light scattering and their effective hydrodynamic dimensions were determined. The rheology and viscosity of all nanofluids were studied. It is shown that nanofluids are either pseu-doplastic or viscoplastic. Their rheology changes with increasing CNT concentration and temperature. However, in all cases, the viscosity of nanofluids with single-walled CNTs is signifi-cantly higher than that of nanofluids with multi-walled CNTs. In the last part, the electrical conductivity of all these nanofluids and the dispersants effect on it are investigated.
With the advent of the new genome editing tool of target-specifically customizable endonucleases, a huge variety of novel opportunities have become feasible. The crop improvement is one of the main applications of genome editing in plant science and plant biotechnology. The amount of publications referring to genome editing and CRISPR/Cas system based molecular tools application in crops is permanently growing. The aim of this study is the systematization and cataloging of these data. Earlier we published the first catalog of targeted crop genome modifications as of February 10, 2017. The current review is an update of the catalog; it covers research papers on crop genome modifications from February 10, 2017 to August 17, 2018, found by searching 47 crop names in the Scopus database. Over one year and a half, 377 articles mentioning CRISPR/Cas and crop names have been published, of which 131 articles describe an experimental application of this tool for editing 193 genes in 19 crops, including rice with the largest number of genes modified (109 genes). Editing 50 of 193 genes was aimed at crop improvement. The catalog presented here includes these 50 genes, specifying the cultivars, each gene and gene product function, modification type and delivery method used. The current full list of genes modified with CRISPR/Cas with the aim of crop improvement is 81 in 16 crops (for 5 years from August 2013 to August 2018). In this paper, we also summarize data on different modifications types in different crops and provide a brief review of some novel methods and approaches that have appeared in crop genome editing research over the reviewed period. Taken together, these data provide a clear view on current progress in crop genome modifications and traits improvement using CRISPR/Cas based genome editing technology.
Evolutionary history and taxonomic position for cryptic species may be clarified by using molecular and cytogenetic methods. The subterranean rodent, the Alay mole vole
This article concerns John Maringer's views on the development of Stone Age in Mongolia.It aims to analyse his works as an important stage of the archaeological study of the Mongolian Stone Age in early 20th century; some feedback and criticism from different authors, both from Russia and from the West, are also discussed.J. Maringer performs the biggest role in the study of the archeological legacy of the Sino-Swedish Expedition led by S. Hedin and the Central-Asian Expedition led by R.C. Andrews.However, he remains relatively unknown in Russian historiography despite his important and somewhat unique role in the archaeological study of Central Asia and, more precisely, the Sino-Swedish Expedition, which by itself deserves more interest from Russian science.Connection between Southern Siberia and Mongolia, as seen by J. Maringer, might be of some interest for Russian archaeology.Some of his other points state absence of any evidence of the shift from Mesolithic to Late Neolithic times and the division of Neolithic period in Inner Mongolia into several sub-categories, namely facies.It is important for the historiography of archaelogy as it is viewed in Russia to include these studies since they were very progressive for their time and gathered a lot of archaeological evidence.
Dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (D-DNP) experiments rely on the transfer of a sample between two high-field magnets. During this transfer, samples might experience passage through regions where the stray fields of the magnets are very weak, can approach zero, and even change their sign. This can lead to unexpected spectral features in spin systems that undergo transitions from weak- to strong-coupling regimes and vice versa, much like in field cycling nuclear magnetic resonance experiments.

We herein demonstrate that the spectral features observed in D-DNP experiments can be rationalized, provided the time-dependence of the spin Hamiltonian upon field cycling is sufficiently adiabatic.

Under such conditions, a passage through a weak static field can lead to the emergence of a long-lived state (LLS) based on an imbalance between the populations of singlet and triplet states in pairs of nuclei that are strongly coupled during the passage through low field. The LLS entails the appearance of anti-phase multiplet components upon transfer to a high-field magnet for observation of NMR signals.
We apply predictive regression to find optimum operating regimes in a recently proposed layout of a flexible Figure-8 laser having two independently pumped segments of active fibre in its bidirectional ring.
The TiO2 photocatalyst doped with nitrogen was synthesized via a precipitation method and investigated in the oxidation of acetone vapor under UV (371 nm) and visible light (450 nm). The data were collected in a continuous-flow set-up equipped with a long-path IR gas cell for in situ analysis of oxidation products and evaluation of the photocatalytic activity. The IR spectra for inlet and outlet reaction mixtures and their change during the process are presented. A technique for quantitative analysis of initial substrate and oxidation product using collected IR spectra is described. The effects of main operational parameters, namely, outlet concentration of oxidizing substrate in the range of 0–25 μmol/L, humidity in the range of 10–85%, and surface density of photocatalyst in the range of 0.6–5.7 mg/cm2 were investigated, and the data received are presented. The data show the influence of these parameters on the UV and visible light photocatalytic activity of N-doped TiO2. The data is publicly available on GitHub according to the link: https://github.com/1kovalevskiy/Effect-of-the-operational-parameters.
The distribution of cobalt in the structure of ferromanganese nodules (FMN) was studied using beta-autoradiography. In some cases, the content of element increased in the outer part of the nodules, or in thin layers within the nodules.

Layered type of cobalt distribution in FMN indicates changing conditions in deposition during their formation, in particular also the living conditions of microorganisms known to inhabit oceanic ferromanganese nodules.

Experimental studies suggested that colonies of micromycetes living at the surface of the nodules can have an important impact on the selective accumulation of platinum and other elements in FMN.
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is not considered as cause of serious disease in humans. But, recent data make it clear that, under particular circumstances, it is indeed possible for NDV to cause severe human respiratory disease. Newcastle Disease infection has been reported in many bird species. Cormorants that inhabit at the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are mainly represented by Great Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis), which is distributed mainly on the Qinghai Lake area. Cormorants are considered as one of the main NDV-reservoir.

We conducted the study for the presence of antibodies to Newcastle disease virus by hemagglutination inhibition test in yolks. We first used the technique of detection of antibodies to Newcastle disease virus in the egg yolk for study the circulation of the virus in cormorants and demonstrated its effectiveness.

We got 50% of seropositive yolks to Newcastle disease virus. These results show that NDV circulates in the Qinghai Lake population of cormorants. We should carefully monitor cases of pneumonia in the population of people living around the lake and assess the causes of the disease.
We report and address the errors in the analysis of the weighted discretization in Section 2.F of our published paper [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A23, 2578 (2006)JOAOD61084-752910.1364/JOSAA.23.002578].
Due to a high toxicity of nitrite and its metabolites, it is of high interest to study mechanisms underlying the low NO2 level maintenance in the cell. During anaerobic growth of Escherichia coli the main nitrite-reducing enzymes are NrfA and NirB nitrite reductases. NrfA reductase is localized in the cell periplasm and uses NO2 as an electron acceptor to create a proton gradient; NirB reductase is restricted to the cytoplasm and metabolizes excessive nitrite inside the cell, the uptake of which is mediated by the transporter protein NirC. While it is known that these three systems, periplasmic, cytoplasmic and transport, determine nitrite uptake and assimilation in the cell as well as its excretion, little is known about their co-ordination.

Using a mathematical model describing the nitrite utilization in E. coli cells cultured in a flow chemostat, the role of enzymes involved in nitrite metabolism and transport in controlling nitrite intracellular levels was investigated. It was demonstrated that the model adapted to the experimental data on expression of nrfA and nirB genes encoding NrfA and NirB nitrite reductases, can describe nitrite accumulation kinetics in the chemostat in the millimolar range of added substrate concentrations without any additional assumptions. Analysis of different hypotheses has shown that the mechanism of local enzyme concentration change due to membrane potential-induced diffusion from the cytoplasm to the periplasm at low nitrite levels is sufficient to explain the nitrite accumulation dynamics in the chemostat.

According to the model, in this range, low intracellular nitrite level, weakly dependent on its concentration in the growth media, is maintained (mcM). It is not sufficient to consider molecular-genetic mechanisms of NrfA reductase activity regulation to describe the nitrite accumulation dynamics in the chemostat in the micromolar range (≤1 mM) of added nitrite concentrations. At nitrite concentrations in the media more than 2 mM, the model adapted to the experimental data on nitrite utilization dynamics in E. coli cells cultured in the flow chemostat demonstrates the largest contribution of genetic mechanisms involved in nrf and nir operons activity regulation to the control of nitrite intracellular levels. The model predicts a significant contribution of the membrane potential to the periplasmic NrfA nitrite reductase activity regulation and nitrite utilization dynamics at substrate concentrations ≤1 mM.