Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
While year after year, conditions, quality, and duration of human lives have been improving due to the progress in science, technology, education, and medicine, only eight diseases have been increasing in prevalence and shortening human lives because of premature deaths according to the retrospective official review on the state of US health, 1990-2010. These diseases are kidney cancer, chronic kidney diseases, liver cancer, diabetes, drug addiction, poisoning cases, consequences of falls, and Alzheimer's disease (AD) as one of the leading pathologies. There are familial AD of hereditary nature (~4% of cases) and sporadic AD of unclear etiology (remaining ~96% of cases; i.e., non-familial AD). Therefore, sporadic AD is no longer a purely medical problem, but rather a social challenge when someone asks oneself: 'What can I do in my own adulthood to reduce the risk of sporadic AD at my old age to save the years of my lifespan from the destruction caused by it?'

Here, we combine two computational approaches for regulatory SNPs: Web service SNP_TATA_Comparator for sequence analysis and a PubMed-based keyword search for articles on the biochemical markers of diseases. Our purpose was to try to find answers to the question: 'What can be done in adulthood to reduce the risk of sporadic AD in old age to prevent the lifespan reduction caused by it?'

As a result, we found 89 candidate SNP markers of familial and sporadic AD (e.g., rs562962093 is associated with sporadic AD in the elderly as a complication of stroke in adulthood, where natural marine diets can reduce risks of both diseases in case of the minor allele of this SNP). In addition, rs768454929, and rs761695685 correlate with sporadic AD as a comorbidity of short stature, where maximizing stature in childhood and adolescence as an integral indicator of health can minimize (or even eliminate) the risk of sporadic AD in the elderly. After validation by clinical protocols, these candidate SNP markers may become interesting to the general population [may help to choose a lifestyle (in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood) that can reduce the risks of sporadic AD, its comorbidities, and complications in the elderly].
We have determined the lattice dynamics of MgSiO$_3$ perovskite (bridgmanite) by a combination of single-crystal inelastic x-ray scattering and ab initio calculations.

We observe a remarkable agreement between experiment and theory, and provide accurate results for phonon dispersion relations, phonon density of states and the full elasticity tensor. The present work constitutes an important milestone to extend this kind of combined studies to extreme conditions of pressure and temperature, directly relevant for the physics and the chemistry of Earth's lower mantle.
A consistent theoretical description of the spin dynamics underlying photo-PHIP (para-hydrogen induced polarization) experiments is given and validated experimentally: spectra from zero-quantum coherence (ZQC) "in-phase" and "out-of-phase" were obtained and evolution of ZQCs and the population of singlet spin state was tracked and modeled. Data from recent literature [O. Torres et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2014] are reinterpreted. Advantages of using M2S sequences such as APSOC for detecting photo-PHIP are demonstrated. A sequence for 2D ZQ spectroscopy based on APSOC is proposed and the fundamental principles of ZQ spectroscopy are formulated. This investigation opens a new way to obtain information on the sign of J-couplings using ZQ spectroscopy. The proposed method is also useful to track the redistribution of the singlet spin population in various PHIP related experiments, which is essential for efficient polarization transfer to target nuclei.
The primary neutral beam injection (NBI) plasma heating system requires a sufficiently dense plasma target with a degree of ionization, which is compatible with accumulation of fast ions. In the conventional regime, axial plasma injection is used.

A high-frequency radiation is used to produce such a target directly in the central cell. One of the microwave beams generated by GDT's electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) system is used to ionize a portion of neutral gas. The ECR absorption of incident power supports further ionization and eventually builds up a plasma target suitable for NBI capture.

With application of the NBI a steady accumulation of fast ions is observed, resulting in a discharge with aggregate fast ion energy, plasma temperature and other parameters similar to the conventional regime with the arc plasma generator. The characteristics of high-power NBI discharge are described and differences to the conventional scenario are discussed.
Актуальность исследованияпродиктована необходимостью разработки математических моделей СВЧ-нагрева и МВ-сушки влажных материалов для получения технологически оптимальных и экономически выгодных режимов. Настоящая публикация является продолжением статей тех же авторов в «Известия Томского политехнического университета. Инжиниринг георесурсов», в которой с помощью математического моделирования подробно был изучен процесс на первой и второй стадиях сушки – стадии прогрева, когда теплообмен между поверхностью влажного тела и окружающей средой осуществляется за счет радиации и конвекции, а СВЧ-энергия поглощается поверхностным слоем из-за малой её глубины проникновения, а также стадии постоянной скорости сушки. Построены асимптотические решения этой нелинейной задачи для малых и больших значений безразмерного времени, востребованные инженерной практикой, как для параметрического анализа, так и для проведения оперативных расчетов. Подход, связанный с рассмотрением третьей стадии – стадии падающей скорости сушки, основан на установлении базового уравнения сушки, которое обеспечивает взаимосвязь между теплообменом и влагообменом с помощью критерия Ребиндера. Цель: постановка задачитретьего этапа СВЧ-сушки влажного материала – этапа падающей скорости сушки– и реализация теоретического решения по определению распределения температурного поля по толщине слоя ивеличины скорости сушки. Объектом исследования является плоский слойвлажного материала – уголь, песок,древесина и др. капиллярно-пористые массивы, на которые воздействует СВЧ-излучение. Такие материалы обладают высокой диэлектрической проницаемостью и как следствие весьма эффективно поглощают СВЧ-излучение, которое почти на 100 % преобразуется в тепловую энергию. Методы исследованиясвязаны с математическим моделированием, в основе которых лежат уравнения электродинамики Максвелла и тепловлагопереноса А.В. Лыкова. В данной статье при оценке параметров тепловлагопереноса учет теплообмена ведется более детально, нежели массообмена. Также одной из особенностей данной задачи электромагнитной сушкиявляется рассмотрение материалов с малой глубиной поглощения, в силу чего в системе уравнений для нагрева источниковый член находится в граничном условии. В результате исследованийбыли определены температура и влагосодержание подсушиваемого тела в режиме падающей скорости сушки, получены расчетные соотношения аналитического характера для малых и больших параметров времени.
We analyzed an extremely rare finding of a mace with a small ornamental iron battle top fastened to a long wooden handle. This mace is a part of a collection of armament objects acquired by museum workers in the course of expeditions on the territory of Kyrgyzstan over the past decades. At present, this collection is stored in the Russian Museum of Ethnography in Saint Petersburg. During the previous historical period, when museum workers had been searching and gathering objects of traditional culture of different peoples on the territory of Central Asia, that finding was acquired together with other characteristic objects of traditional cultures from that region on the territory of Kyrgyzstan. Firstly, it was stored in the Museum of the Peoples of the USSR.

We aimed at dating the artifact and identifying its purpose. We traced primary events in the history of studying different types of close combat strike weapons which were used by Kyrgyz warriors in Tian Shan during the Late Middle Ages and New Time.

A result of the research conducted is a description of the ornamental iron battle top and the wooden handle of this mace decorated with carved rhomb ornaments. We date the artifact as belonging to the period of Late Middle Ages – New Time. According to the terms used for such types of weapons, the mace could have been used as a striking weapon; however, it its ornamental battle top is of a smaller size than that of traditional maces, so it could have been used as a symbol of power. We conclude that this mace could have been a strike weapon in the course of close and hand-to-hand combats led by Kyrgyz warriors, but also it could have been used as a symbol of power by military commanders of the Kyrgyz forces.
Lung cancer is an urgent medical and social problem. The high resistance of lung cancer to chemotherapy necessitates the search for new drugs and therapeutic strategies. One of the promising approaches is the selective suppression of the activity of tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (Tdp1) which plays a key role in removing DNA damage caused by chemotherapy. Earlier, in vitro experiments showed that the compound OL9-119, derived from usnic acid, was the most potent inhibitor of Tdp1 known. The drug was well tolerated when administered orally and increased the effect of antitumor drug topotecan.

In the present work, a method for the quantitative determination of OL9-119 in rat plasma by HPLC-MS/MS was developed and validated. The results of all validation tests (selectivity, linearity, accuracy and precision, carry-over) fully comply with the acceptance criteria of international regulatory documents.

Pharmacokinetics study of the agent showed that when it was administrated intravenously as well as intraperitoneally, its maximum concentration in blood reached in about 30 minutes and was about 3 μg/ml providing sufficient amount of the agent for exerting its activity.
DNA polymerase (pol) η participates in hypermutation of A:T bases in Ig genes because humans deficient for the polymerase have fewer substitutions of these bases.

To determine whether polymerase η is also responsible for the well-known preference for mutations of A vs T on the nontranscribed strand, we sequenced variable regions from three patients with xeroderma pigmentosum variant (XP-V) disease, who lack polymerase η. The frequency of mutations in the intronic region downstream of rearranged JH4 gene segments was similar between XP-V and control clones; however, there were fewer mutations of A:T bases and correspondingly more substitutions of C:G bases in the XP-V clones (p < 10−7). There was significantly less of a bias for mutations of A compared with T nucleotides in the XP-V clones compared with control clones, whereas the frequencies for mutations of C and G were identical in both groups.

An analysis of mutations in the WA sequence motif suggests that polymerase η generates more mutations of A than T on the nontranscribed strand. This in vivo data from polymerase η-deficient B cells correlates well with the in vitro specificity of the enzyme. Because polymerase η inserts more mutations opposite template T than template A, it would generate more substitutions of A on the newly synthesized strand.
НОВЫЙ ПЕРИОД САКОКУ»: ПОЛИТИКА КОРОНАВИРУСНЫХ ОГРАНИЧЕНИЙ ПО ОТНОШЕНИЮ К ИНОСТРАННЫМ РЕЗИДЕНТАМ В ЯПОНИИ Статья выполнена в рамках проблематики, касающейся влияния пандемии COVID-19 на социальную политику Японии, на действия Кабинета Министров в отношении стабилизации эпидемиологической ситуации в стране.Рассмотрены меры по сдерживанию темпов распространения новой коронавирусной инфекции, поддержке населения и экономики.Особое внимание уделено интерпретации неоднократного введения в
The charge deep-level transient spectroscopy (Q-DLTS) is applied to the study of the dislocation-rich Si layers grown on a surface composed of dense arrays of Ge islands prepared on the oxidized Si surface.

This provides revealing three deep-level bands located at EV + 0.31 eV, EC – 0.35 eV and EC – 0.43 eV using the stripe-shaped p-i-n diodes fabricated on the basis of these layers. The most interesting observation is the local state recharging process which proceeds with low activation energy (∼50 meV) or without activation. The recharging may occur by carrier tunneling within deep-level bands owing to the high dislocation density ∼ 1011 - 1012 cm-2.

This result is in favor of the suggestion on the presence of carrier transport between the deep states, which was previously derived from the excitation dependence of photoluminescence (PL) intensity. Electroluminescence (EL) spectra measured from the stripe edge of the same diodes contain two peaks centered near 1.32 and 1.55 μm. Comparison with PL spectra indicates that the EL peaks are generated from arsenic-contaminated and pure areas of the layers, respectively.
Using 1.0 fb^{-1} of pp collision data collected at a centre-of-mass energy of sqrt{s}=7 TeV with the LHCb detector, measurements of the polarization amplitudes, strong phase difference and triple product asymmetries in the B_s^0 -> phi phi decay mode are presented.

The measured values are |A_0|^2 = 0.365 +- 0.022 (stat) +- 0.012 (syst), |A_perp|^2 = 0.291 +- 0.024 (stat) +- 0.010 (syst), cos(delta_parallel) = -0.844 +- 0.068 (stat) +- 0.029 (syst), A_U = -0.055 +- 0.036 (stat) +- 0.018 (syst), A_V = 0.010 +- 0.036 (stat) +- 0.018 (syst).
As it is well known, classical special relativity allows the existence of three different kinds of particles: bradyons, luxons and tachyons.Bradyons have non-zero mass and hence always travel slower than light.Luxons are particles with zero mass, like the photon, and they always travel with invariant velocity.Tachyons are hypothetical superluminal particles that always move faster than light.The existence of bradyons and luxons is firmly established, while the tachyons were never reliably observed.In quantum field theory, the appearance of tachyonic degrees of freedom indicates vacuum instability rather than a real existence of the faster-than-light particles.However, recent controversial claims of the OPERA experiment about superluminal neutrinos triggered a renewed interest in superluminal particles.

Driven by a striking analogy of the old Frenkel-Kontorova model of a dislocation dynamics to the theory of relativity, we conjecture in this note a remarkable possibility of existence of the forth type of particles, elvisebrions, which can be superluminal.

The characteristic feature of elvisebrions, distinguishing them from tachyons, is that they are outside the realm of special relativity and their energy remains finite (or may even turn to zero) when the elvisebrion velocity approaches the light velocity.
In Phys. Rev. B 93, 140206(R) (2016), electron transport governed by nuclear tunneling was claimed to be a more realistic transport mechanism in semiconducting polymers as compared to Marcus and Miller-Abrahams transport mechanisms. The conclusion was based on the analysis of the field-dependent charge carrier mobility. We point out the unjustified simplification in the theoretical description of the electron transport governed by nuclear tunneling which caused such a conclusion.
The method of stochastic molecular modeling, developed by the authors for calculating the transport coefficients of rarefied gas in a free medium, is generalized to describe transport processes in confined conditions. The phase trajectories of the studied molecular system are simulated stochastically, and the simulation of the dynamics of the molecule is split into processes. First, its shift in the configuration space is realized, and then a possible collision with other molecules is played out. The calculation of all observables, in particular, the transport coefficients is carried out by averaging over an ensemble of independent phase trajectories. The interaction of gas molecules with the boundary is described by mirror or mirror-diffuse laws. The efficiency of the algorithm is demonstrated by calculating the selfdiffusion coefficient of argon in the nanochannel. The accuracy of modeling is investigated, its dependence on the number of particles and phase trajectories used for averaging. The viscosity of rarefied gases in the nanochannel has been systematically studied. It is shown that it is non-isotropic, and its difference along and across the channel is determined by the interaction of gas molecules with the channel walls. By changing the material of the walls, it is possible to significantly change the viscosity of the gas, and it can be several times greater than in volume, or less. The indicated anisotropy of viscosity is recorded not only in nano-, but also in microchannels.
The nature of the sacrificial agent affects the transformations of a Zn(OH)2 co-catalyst

during photocatalytic hydrogen production

The nature of the sacrificial agent affects the transformations of a Zn(OH)2 co-catalyst during photocatalytic hydrogen production
The present paper is devoted to the molecular-dynamic study of the behavior of nanostructures at increased temperatures. The detailed description of the procedure for heating the system to the specified temperature is given. The temperature range is found, in which the thermal instability of the system is observed, when the crystal structure is broken, but the system still remains in the solid phase.
Classical approaches to solving such problems are described, features of the application of algorithms, their minuses and pros.

In this paper, we consider the method of data assimilation for the problem the propagation of the concentration a passive impurity in the atmosphere. Two algorithms are considered: the ensemble Kalman filter and the ensemble Kalmans moother. Various ways to improve the convergence of these algorithms, such as localization and inflation factor, are considered.
The identification of the mechanisms of adaptation of protein structures to extreme environmental conditions is a challenging task of structural biology.

We performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the Nip7 protein involved in RNA processing from the shallow-water (P. furiosus) and the deep-water (P. abyssi) marine hyperthermophylic archaea at different temperatures (300 and 373 K) and pressures (0.1, 50 and 100 MPa). The aim was to disclose similarities and differences between the deep- and shallow-sea protein models at different temperatures and pressures.

The current results demonstrate that the 3D models of the two proteins at all the examined values of pressures and temperatures are compact, stable and similar to the known crystal structure of the P. abyssi Nip7. The structural deviations and fluctuations in the polypeptide chain during the MD simulations were the most pronounced in the loop regions, their magnitude being larger for the C-terminal domain in both proteins. A number of highly mobile segments the protein globule presumably involved in protein-protein interactions were identified. Regions of the polypeptide chain with significant difference in conformational dynamics between the deep- and shallow-water proteins were identified.The results of our analysis demonstrated that in the examined ranges of temperatures and pressures, increase in temperature has a stronger effect on change in the dynamic properties of the protein globule than the increase in pressure. The conformational changes of both the deep- and shallow-sea protein models under increasing temperature and pressure are non-uniform. Our current results indicate that amino acid substitutions between shallow- and deep-water proteins only slightly affect overall stability of two proteins. Rather, they may affect the interactions of the Nip7 protein with its protein or RNA partners.
In the paper the influence of flexible covering properties on the linear development of disturbances in a supersonic boundary layer is investigated for Mach numbers M = 1.0, 2.0, 5.3, 6.0.

As a model of a covering the porous plate closed by a flexible film is used. For filled with gas pores the researches are conducted as taking into account losses of energy of disturbances in pores and in their absence. Calculations without power losses indicate possibility of existence of an absolute instability of the boundary layer on the flexible surface.

In the absence of gas in pores it is established that the flexible covering stabilizes boundary layer in the area of large Reynolds numbers and destabilizes it at small Reynolds numbers. Joint influence of the thickness and tension of a film leads to an appearance of additional unstable waves. The damping properties of a flexible covering connected with power losses in pores reduce their stabilizing role.
Multiscale processes of self-organization of the flow and nonequilibrium heat and mass transfer during the separation of a binary mixture in a multiphase system formed by a structural packing and a counter-flow vapor-liquid flow are considered.

The conditions for the appearance of large-scale convective flow during separation of the binary mixture of refrigerants R21-R114 in a distillation column with Koch 1Y structure packing are obtained.

The physical properties of this mixture are similar to the properties of air component at cryogenic temperatures.
Background Genome-wide association studies have identified hundreds of loci that influence a wide variety of complex human traits; however, little is known regarding the biological mechanism of action of these loci. The recent accumulation of functional genomics (“omics”), including metabolomics data, has created new opportunities for studying the functional role of specific changes in the genome. Functional genomic data are characterized by their high dimensionality, the presence of (strong) statistical dependency between traits, and, potentially, complex genetic control. Therefore, the analysis of such data requires specific statistical genetics methods. Results To facilitate our understanding of the genetic control of omics phenotypes, we propose a trait-centered, network-based conditional genetic association (cGAS) approach for identifying the direct effects of genetic variants on omics-based traits. For each trait of interest, we selected from a biological network a set of other traits to be used as covariates in the cGAS. The network can be reconstructed either from biological pathway databases (a mechanistic approach) or directly from the data, using a Gaussian graphical model applied to the metabolome (a data-driven approach). We derived mathematical expressions that allow comparison of the power of univariate analyses with conditional genetic association analyses. We then tested our approach using data from a population-based Cooperative Health Research in the region of Augsburg (KORA) study (n = 1,784 subjects, 1.7 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms) with measured data for 151 metabolites. Conclusions We found that compared to single-trait analysis, performing a genetic association analysis that includes biologically relevant covariates can either gain or lose power, depending on specific pleiotropic scenarios, for which we provide empirical examples. In the context of analyzed metabolomics data, the mechanistic network approach had more power compared to the data-driven approach. Nevertheless, we believe that our analysis shows that neither a prior-knowledge-only approach nor a phenotypic-data-only approach is optimal, and we discuss possibilities for improvement.
The paper is devoted to the experimental study of the growth of mass flux pulsations and disturbances of total temperature at the laminar-turbulent transition process in a modulated swept-wing boundary layer at Mach number of the oncoming flow M = 2 and 2.5. Total temperature and mass flow pulsations were measured by a constant-temperature anemometer (CTA), operating in the scanning regime. It was found that at laminar-turbulent transition process the ratio of the mass flow and total temperature pulsations remains almost constant.