Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
The article provides a summary of the author’s research of a number of conflicts between peasant old-timers of Tomsk province and immigrants of the late XIX — early XX centuries. It was in this region where the majority of immigrants, who changed the face of Siberia, resettled. The documents dated back to 1880s included information about violent clashes between locals and peasants who moved from European part of Russia. The scientific novelty of the study is that it utilized social research methods to study those phenomena. Seeing a conflict as a function (and not as a disfunction) of the society, the author found major differences between clashes at the end of the XIX century and at the beginning of the XX century. The clashes at the end of the XIX century involved conflicting interests that could not be neglected without causing damage to the development of the country. It prompted the authorities to create a system for regulating resettlement and mitigate any conflicts. The clashes at the beginning of the XX century were caused by the contradictions of the system itself, and did not lead to any substantial changes.
Sexual reproduction is a ubiquitous basic feature of life and genetic sex determination is thus widespread, at least among eukaryotes. Understanding the remarkable diversity of sex determination mechanisms, however, is limited by the paucity of empirical studies. Here, we traced back the evolution of sex determination in an entire clade of vertebrates and uncovered that the northern pike ( Esox lucius ) master sex-determining gene initiated from a 65 to 90 million-year-old gene duplication and remained sex-linked on undifferentiated sex chromosomes for at least 56 million years. Contrasting with its ancient origin, we identified several independent species- or population-specific transitions of sex determination mechanisms in this lineage, including an unexpected complete and recent Y-chromosome loss in some North American northern pike populations. These findings highlight the diversity of the evolutionary fates of master sex-determining genes and raise the importance of careful considerations of population demographic history in sex determination studies. Our study also puts forward the hypothesis that occasional sex reversals and genetic bottlenecks provide a non-adaptive explanation for sex determination transitions.
We calculate in the next-to-leading approximation the nonforward quark impact factors for both singlet and octet color representations in the t channel. The integral representation of the octet impact factor in the general case of arbitrary space-time dimension and massive quark flavors is used to check the so-called ``second bootstrap condition'' for gluon Reggeization at the next-to-leading logarithmic approximation in perturbative QCD. We find that it is satisfied for both helicity conserving and nonconserving parts. The integrations are then performed for the explicit calculation of the impact factors in the massless quark case.
Erythropoietin (EPO) is mainly used to stimulate erythropoiesis. Its cytoprotective effects upon other cells of the human body and animals were recently shown, in particular, anti-apoptotic effect was observed. EPO effect upon the cells is mediated by interaction with erythropoietin receptor, with a complex forming a heterodimeric bond with β-common chain (CD131).

In the present work, we studied the changes in erythropoietin receptor expression, and production spectrum of biologically active molecules in bone marrow mononuclear cells (BM-MNC) of patients with coronary heart disease.

The flow cytometric assays showed that short-term incubation of BM-MNC with erythropoietin caused increased expression of the erythropoietin receptors on hematopoietic stem cells and tended to reduce the number of endothelial progenitor cells carrying the erythropoietin receptors. Solid-phase enzyme immunoassay in conditioned media from BM-MNC revealed that long-term (72 hours) exposure of BM-MNC to erythropoietin promoted increased production of IL-1β, PDGF-AB, and Epo, if compared to the basal production level (p < 0.05). Short-term incubation of BM-MNC with erythropoietin (60 minutes) caused a significant increase in the IL-1β, PDGF-AB and CXCL-12 / SDF-1α production levels, as well as significant reduction in the IL-10 production levels compared to the basal levels (p < 0.05).
A search is performed for the central exclusive production of pairs of charmonia produced in proton-proton collisions.

Using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of collected at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV, and pairs are observed, which have been produced in the absence of any other activity inside the LHCb acceptance that is sensitive to charged particles in the pseudorapidity ranges and . Searches are also performed for pairs of P-wave charmonia and limits are set on their production.

The cross-sections for these processes, where the dimeson system has a rapidity between 2.0 and 4.5, are measured to be
This review focuses on topological features of three-periodic (framework) p, d, and f metal cyano complexes or cyanometallates, i.e. coordination compounds, where CN– ligands play the main structure-forming role. In addition, molecular, one-periodic (chain), and two-periodic (layer) cyanometallates are considered as possible building blocks of the three-periodic cyanometallates. All cyanometallates are treated as systems of nodes (mononuclear, polynuclear, or transitional metal cluster complexes) joined together via CN-containing spacers. The most typical nodes and spacers as well as methods of their connection are described and systematized. Particular attention is paid to the overall structural motifs in the three-periodic cyanometallates, especially to the relations between the local coordination (coordination figure) of structural units and the entire framework topology. The chemical factors are discussed that influence the cyanometallate topological properties due to modification of nodes, spacers, or coordination figures.
To better determine the history of modern birds, we performed a genome-scale phylogenetic analysis of 48 species representing all orders of Neoaves using phylogenomic methods created to handle genome-scale data. We recovered a highly resolved tree that confirms previously controversial sister or close relationships. We identified the first divergence in Neoaves, two groups we named Passerea and Columbea, representing independent lineages of diverse and convergently evolved land and water bird species. Among Passerea, we infer the common ancestor of core landbirds to have been an apex predator and confirm independent gains of vocal learning. Among Columbea, we identify pigeons and flamingoes as belonging to sister clades. Even with whole genomes, some of the earliest branches in Neoaves proved challenging to resolve, which was best explained by massive protein-coding sequence convergence and high levels of incomplete lineage sorting that occurred during a rapid radiation after the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction event about 66 million years ago.
We measure the direct CP violation asymmetry, A_CP, in B to X_s gamma and the isospin difference of the asymmetry, Delta A_CP, using 429 fb^-1 of data collected at Upsilon(4S) resonance with the BaBar detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy e+e- storage rings operating at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory.

B mesons are reconstructed from 10 charged B final states and 6 neutral B final states.

We find A_CP = +(1.7 +- 1.9 +- 1.0)%, which is in agreement with the Standard Model prediction and provides an improvement on the world average. Moreover, we report the first measurement of the difference between A_CP for charged and neutral decay modes, Delta A_CP = +(5.0 +- 3.9 +- 1.5)%. Using the value of Delta A_CP, we also provide 68% and 90% confidence intervals on the imaginary part of the ratio of the Wilson coefficients corresponding to the chromo-magnetic dipole and the electromagnetic dipole transitions.
Albumins SCA and SAA are short, highly hydrohylic proteins accumulated in large quantity in the cotyledons and seed axes, respectively, of a dry pea ( Pisum sativum L.) seed. SCA was earlier shown to have two allelic variants differing in mobility in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in acid medium. Using them the corresponding gene SCA was mapped on Linkage Group V. This gene was used as a useful genetic and phylogeographical marker that still required electrophoretic analysis of the protein while the DNA sequence of the corresponding SCA gene remained unknown.

Based the length, the positive charge in acid conditions and the number of lysine residues of SCA and SAA albumins, estimated earlier electrophoretically, the high throughput sequencing data available in public databases were searched for the respective candidates for the corresponding genes SCA and SAA genes among coding sequences residing in the region of the pea genome corresponding to the map position of SCA . Then we sequenced them in a number of pea accessions. DNA amplification using original primers SCA1_3f and SCA1_3r from genomic DNA and restriction by endonuclease Hind II made SCA a convenient CAPS marker in peas.

Concordance of the earlier electrophoretic data and sequence variation indicated the sequence Psat0s797g0160 of the reference pea genome to be the SCA gene. The sequence Psat0s797g0240 could encode a minor related albumin SA-a2, while a candidate gene for albumin SAA is still missing (as well as electrophoretic variation of both latter albumins). Thus, the gene encoding the highly hydrophilic albumin SCA accumulated in pea seeds, with its alleles useful classification of pea wild relatives, is now identified in the pea genome and a convenient CAPS marker is worked out on its base.
Varying the generator load of a hydro turbine results in short-term changes in the rotation frequency of the runner, leading inevitably to flow instability and strong flow swirling behind the turbine. This may lead to the formation of unsteady flow regimes featured by vortex instability of the swirling flow behind the runner, known as the precessing vortex core (PVC) Dorfler et al. (2012). This effect causes dangerous periodic pressure pulsations that propagate throughout the water column in the draft tube. The present study reports on stereo PIV measurements of the air flow field inside a transparent draft tube of a model hydro turbine for a wide range of operation conditions. The research is focused on the time-averaged flow properties (mean velocity field and the second-order moments of velocity fluctuations), pressure pulsations and coherent flow structures in the velocity field.
Fluctuations of a temporal signal propagating along long-haul transoceanic scale fiber links can be visualised in the spatio-temporal domain drawing visual analogy with ocean waves. Substantial overlapping of information symbols or use of multi-frequency signals leads to strong statistical deviations of local peak power from an average signal power level.

We consider long-haul optical communication systems from this unusual angle, treating them as physical systems with a huge number of random statistical events, including extreme value fluctuations that potentially might affect the quality of data transmission. We apply the well-established concepts of adaptive wavefront shaping used in imaging through turbid medium to detect the detrimental phase modulated sequences in optical communications that can cause extreme power outages (rare optical waves of ultra-high amplitude) during propagation down the ultra-long fiber line. We illustrate the concept by a theoretical analysis of rare events of high-intensity fluctuations—optical freak waves, taking as an example an increasingly popular optical frequency division multiplexing data format where the problem of high peak to average power ratio is the most acute.

We also show how such short living extreme value spikes in the optical data streams are affected by nonlinearity and demonstrate the negative impact of such events on the system performance.
To accompany boron neutron capture therapy for cancerous tumours, there has been an optimised ICP-AES method for boron determination in animals' organs tissues.This technique is characterised by its universalism.

The approach comprises preliminary acid decomposition at high temperatures and pressure (if necessary), ICP-AES boron determination in the gained solutions analysing comparative samples basing on a single element solution.Its validity is proved by the spike experiment and mass sample variation test.

The ICP-AES method is used during the evaluation of BPA and BSH accumulation in organs and tissues when intravenously injecting U87 glioblastoma medication to SCID mice of SPF-status.
This comprehensive scholarly book on comparative federalism and the Covid-19 pandemic is written by some of the world's leading federal scholars and national experts.The Covid-19 pandemic presented an unprecedented emergency for countries worldwide, including all those with a federal or hybrid-federal system of government, which account for more than 40 per cent of the world's population.With case studies from 19 federal countries, this book explores the core elements of federalism that came to the fore in combatting the pandemic: the division of responsibilities (disaster management, health care, social welfare, and education), the need for centralisation, and intergovernmental relations and cooperation.As the pandemic struck federal countries at roughly the same time, it provided a unique opportunity for comparative research on the question of how the various federal systems responded.The authors adopt a multidisciplinary approach to question whether federalism has been a help or a hindrance in tackling the pandemic.The value of the book lies in understanding how the Covid-19 pandemic affected federal dynamics and how it may have changed them, as well as providing useful lessons for how to combat such pandemics in federal countries in the future.This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of politics and international relations, comparative federalism, health care, and disaster management.
From July 1 to July 16, 2019, a base of the West Siberian archaeological detachment of IAE SB RAS in the Vengerovsky District of the Novosibirsk Region became the venue for the field archaeological school “Multidisciplinary research of the Paleometal era multilayer archaeological assemblages”. The school was organized for students, graduate students and young scientists from Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Tomsk State University, Tyumen State University, Altai State Pedagogical University, and Siberian Federal University.

As part of the school, students attended nine lectures and participated in four master classes and workshops. The lectures were given by experts of the IAE SB RAS, namely academician V. I. Molodin, doctor of history L. N. Mylnikova, candidate of history I. A. Durakov, candidate of history N. S. Efremova, candidate of history L. S. Kobeleva, candidate of history M. S. Nesterova, candidate of history D. V. Selin. The listeners got acquainted with modern approaches and methods of excavating multilayer archaeological assemblages of the Paleometal era, methods of analyzing the data obtained and interdisciplinary methods for studying archaeological artifacts. Special master classes and participation in the excavation of the sites took place at two multilayer sites Tartas-1 and the burial ground Ust-Tartassky mounds (settlement Karier-Tai-1).

The students were exposed to various stages of site studies, such as sampling the horizons of the cultural layer, disassembling objects made for various purposes (pits, burials, foci, ditches), etc. University students obtained advanced training diplomas and certificates of completing a field course.
A mathematical model for membrane's vibration process is used in this paper. The model is based on seeking a solution of the second-order hyperbolic differential equation. A new inverse problem is set and investigated in two versions. In the first version the known data are as follows: the coefficient defining the phase velocity, the starting data of the Cauchy problem, the Cauchy problem solution on two given planes, derivatives of the solution along the vector being normal to these planes. The challenge has been in localizing the support of the right-hand side of the equation for vibrations. The algorithm permitting to find the bounded domain containing the unknown support was designed. In the second version the algorithm refers to the case where the coefficient defining the phase velocity is unknown but an interval of its possible values is known. A series of runs was performed to illustrate the proposed model.
The processes of oxidation, ignition and combustion of bituminous coal containing 5 wt.% of activating agent (Cu(NO 3 ) 2 ) was studied. The experiment was performed using high-speed video recording of the combustion process of the researched coals in combustion chamber at a temperature of 700°C in the air at atmospheric pressure. Analytical assessment of the characteristics of ignition and combustion processes of the researched coals was carried out based on the obtained results. It was established that addition of Cu(NO 3 ) 2 promoter leads to a significant decrease of the time characterizing the delay in the beginning of coal ignition (in 2 times). Effect of the activating additive was also expressed in formation of flame during coal combustion at the stage of volatile substances separation with periodic formation of characteristic flashes formed as a result of decomposition of copper nitrate in the pores of the carbon matrix. This contributed to intensification of the release process of relatively large volume of combustible gases. The obtained results were compared with previously obtained data of the oxidation process of these coals with activating additives of copper salts by thermogravimetric analysis.
We define and study lattices in generative classes associated with generic structures.It is shown that these lattices can be non-distributive and, moreover, arbitrary enough.Heights and wights of the lattices are described.A model-theoretic criterion for the linear ordering is proved and these linear orders are described.Boolean algebras generated by the considered lattices are also described.
ru/sbb2019/en/).The issue contains material on classical sequence analysis, bioinformatics applications in medicine, and the theoretical research on gene network structure and dynamics.This traditional school on bioinformatics is organized annually since 2008 by the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences and Novosibirsk State University.In 2019 we had several large international meetings in Russia -in Novosibirsk and Moscow presenting materials on genetics and bioinformatics.The name of the special issue -SBB-2019 reflects the main topics of the event.Traditionally we select the best conference and school materials to be presented at BMC Genomics (https://bmcgenomics.biomedcentral.com/articles/supplements/volume-21-supplement-7)and BMC Genetics postconference publications [1-4], see also (https://bmcbioinformatics.biomedcentral.com/articles/supplements/volume-20-supplement-1).The SBB Schools in Novosibirsk are satellite events for BGRS\SB multiconference organized biannually.In 2019, the SBB-2019 School was held as a broad-scope independent meeting with science and education components.Other Special Issues in the fields of genomics, bioinformatics, microbiology, and medical genomics accompany this Special
Сопоставительная характеристика систем членов предложения в русском и корейском языках
FGF21 is a promising candidate for treating obesity, diabetes, and NAFLD; however, some of its pharmacological effects are sex-specific in mice with the Ay mutation that evokes melanocortin receptor 4 blockade, obesity, and hepatosteatosis. This suggests that the ability of FGF21 to correct melanocortin obesity may depend on sex.

This study compares FGF21 action on food intake, locomotor activity, gene expression, metabolic characteristics, and liver state in obese Ay males and females. Ay mice were administered FGF21 for seven days, and metabolic parameters and gene expression in different tissues were assessed. Placebo-treated females were more obese than males and had lower levels of blood insulin and liver triglycerides, and higher expression of genes for insulin signaling in the liver, white adipose tissue (WAT) and muscles, and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the liver.

FGF21 administration did not affect body weight, and increased food intake, locomotor activity, expression of Fgf21 and Ucp1 in brown fat and genes related to lipolysis and insulin action in WAT regardless of sex; however, it decreased hyperinsulinemia and hepatic lipid accumulation and increased muscle expression of Cpt1 and Irs1 only in males. Thus, FGF21’s beneficial effects on metabolic disorders associated with melanocortin obesity are more pronounced in males.
Chemical bonds formed by hydrazine-sulfide treatment of GaAs(111) were studied by synchrotron photoemission spectroscopy. At the B surface, the top arsenic atoms are replaced by nitrogen atoms, while GaAs(111)A is covered by sulfur, also bonded to underlying gallium, despite the sulfide molar concentration being 103 times smaller than that of the hydrazine. This extreme dependence on surface polarity is explained by competitive adsorption processes of HS- and OH- anions and of hydrazine molecules, on Ga- adsorption sites, which have distinct configurations on the A and B surfaces.
The sustainment of replication and transcription of damaged DNA is essential for cell survival under genotoxic stress; however, the damage tolerance of these key cellular functions comes at the expense of fidelity. Thus, translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) over damaged nucleotides is a major source of point mutations found in cancers; whereas erroneous bypass of damage by RNA polymerases may contribute to cancer and other diseases by driving accumulation of proteins with aberrant structure and function in a process termed "transcriptional mutagenesis" (TM).

Here, we aimed at the generation of reporters suited for direct detection of miscoding capacities of defined types of DNA modifications during translesion DNA or RNA synthesis in human cells. We performed a systematic phenotypic screen of 25 non-synonymous base substitutions in a DNA sequence encoding a functionally important region of the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP).

This led to the identification of four loss-of-fluorescence mutants, in which any ulterior base substitution at the nucleotide affected by the primary mutation leads to the reversal to a functional EGFP. Finally, we incorporated highly mutagenic abasic DNA lesions at the positions of primary mutations and demonstrated a high sensitivity of detection of the mutagenic DNA TLS and TM in this system.
The Drosophila hyperplastic disc (hyd) gene is the orthologue of mammalian tumour suppressor EDD, which is implicated in a wide variety of cellular processes, and its regulation is impaired in various tumours. It is a member of the highly conserved HECT family of E3 ubiquitin ligases, which directly attach ubiquitin to targeted substrates. In early works, it was shown that Drosophila Hyd may be a tumour suppressor because it is involved in the control of imaginal-disc cell proliferation and growth. In this study, we demonstrated that Hyd is also important for the regulation of female germ cell proliferation and that its depletion leads to additional germline cell mitoses. Furthermore, we revealed a previously unknown Hyd function associated with the maintenance of germ cells' viability. A reduction in hyd expression by either mutations or RNA interference resulted in large-scale germ cell death at different stages of oogenesis. Thus, the analysis of phenotypes arising from the hyd deficiency points to Hyd's role in the regulation of germline metabolic processes during oogenesis.