Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
The unsteady cloud cavitation is an important subject of research because of its destructive impacts in various industrial applications, including ship propellers and rudders, pumping and hydraulic machinery systems.

For this, we placed miniature vortex generators (MVGs) of a cylindrical type on the surface of a benchmark CAV2003 hydrofoil and investigated effects of these MVGs on the spatial structure of unsteady cavitation clouds. We analyzed the temporal and spatial cavity characteristics in comparison with those for the original hydrofoil (without MVGs) by means of high-speed imaging. In addition, we used a hydrophone to register the signal of pressure pulsations in time and thereby derive power spectra of the pressure pulsations.

The results showed that the implemented cavitation control method is an effective tool to manage the unsteady behaviour of cloud cavitation and to mitigate the amplitude of pressure pulsations. It was revealed that, with this control approach, the large-scale cavitation clouds appear to be broken and only small-scale cavity structures are shed away from the hydrofoil surface. Moreover, a notable reduction in the cavitation-induced vibrations of the solid surface may be expected.
In 2020, Orthetrum brunneum (Fonscolombe, 1837) and Sympetrum depressiusculum (Selys, 1841) were first recorded for Novosibirskaya Oblast as photographic observations in the iNaturalist internet platform.Their populations and habitats were examined in situ.The habitat of O. brunneum at the Eltsovka Vtoraya River in Zaeltsovksiy Park in Novosibirsk lacked other lotic Odonata as a result of pollution.Supposedly the river inside the city limits is warm enough during winter to make possible its colonisation by O. brunneum far to the north of its main range.The record of S. depressiusculum (Selys, 1841) at the Obskoe Water Reservoir is the northernmost in Siberia.A list of 57 Odonata species currently known from Novosibirskaya Oblast is also provided.Резюме.В 2020 г.Orthetrum brunneum (Fonscolombe, 1837) и Sympetrum depressiusculum (Selys, 1841) были впервые отмечены в Новосибирской области в виде фотографических наблюдений на интернет-платформе iNaturalist.Их популяции и местообитания были затем обследованы на месте.Популяция O. brunneum обитает в Заельцовском парке Новосибирска на речке Ельцовка 2я, ниже по течению от её участка длиной 9 км, протекающего через город.Её вода загрязнена и потому лишена иных реофильных видов стрекоз и, возможно, подогрета в зимнее время, что по всей видимости и позволило O. brunneum колонизировать это местообитание столь далеко к северу от его основного ареала.Находка S. depressiusculum (Selys, 1841) на Обском водохранилище -также самая северная в Сибири.Приведён список из 57 видов стрекоз, на данный момент известных из Новосибирской области.
Magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles are widely used in microwave components, such as microwave absorbers and anti-reflection coatings. Their magnetic properties are important for these applications.

In this work, the weak magnetic field created by the Fe3O4 nanoparticles was estimated using a coherent-spectroscopy all-optical method for measurement of weak magnetic fields. Both the magnitude and the direction of the magnetic field were evaluated through the position and amplitude of a magneto-optical resonance obtained in a paraffin-coated sensor cell containing Rb vapors. A pump-probe scheme was used to prepare a high-contrast magneto-optical resonance.

Different possible geometries related to this concept are discussed, including sensor miniaturization.
Gibberellin-insensitive reduced height genes are widely spread in modern wheat varieties, making them resistant to lodging under conditions of intensive farming. However, the limited diversity of these genes present in wheat germplasm can limit the adaptability of newly created cultivars to the changing climate. The diversity of the gibberellin signaling pathway genes involved in plant height control—Reduced height 1 (Rht-D1), Gibberellin-insensitive dwarf 1 (Gid1-D) and Gibberellin-insensitive dwarf 2 (Gid2-D)—was studied in the diploid wild goatgrass Aegilops tauschii Coss., one of the ancestral species of the bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and the donor of its D subgenome, using high-throughput sequencing. The examination of 24 Ae. tauschii accessions of different geographical origins revealed a large number of new alleles (haplotypes) not found in bread wheat varieties. Some of the detected polymorphisms lead to changes in the amino acid sequence of proteins. Four isoforms (amino acid sequence variants) were found for the RHT-D1 protein, and two isoforms—for the GID1 and GID2 proteins, each. An analysis of the co-occurrence frequencies of various isoforms of the three proteins showed that their combinations were not random in Ae. tauschii, which may indicate the functional significance of their differences. New alleles of the Rht-D1, Gid1-D, and Gid2-D genes are promising for introgression into bread wheat and studying their effect on plant height and adaptability.
Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) is an important cofactor in many light-sensitive enzymes. The role of the adenine moiety of FAD in light-induced electron transfer was obscured, because it involves an adenine radical, which is short-lived with a weak chromophore. However, an intramolecular electron transfer from adenine to flavin was revealed several years ago by Robert Kaptein by using chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (CIDNP). The question of whether one or two types of biradicals of FAD in aqueous solution are formed stays unresolved so far.

In the present work, we revisited the CIDNP study of FAD using a robust mechanical sample shuttling setup covering a wide magnetic field range with sample illumination by a light-emitting diode. Also, a cost efficient fast field cycling apparatus with high spectral resolution detection up to 16.4 T for nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion studies was built based on a 700 MHz NMR spectrometer. Site-specific proton relaxation dispersion data for FAD show a strong restriction of the relative motion of its isoalloxazine and adenine rings with coincident correlation times for adenine, flavin, and their ribityl phosphate linker.

This finding is consistent with the assumption that the molecular structure of FAD is rigid and compact. The structure with close proximity of the isoalloxazine and purine moieties is favorable for reversible light-induced intramolecular electron transfer from adenine to triplet excited flavin with formation of a transient spin-correlated triplet biradical F⚫−-A⚫+. Spin-selective recombination of the biradical leads to the formation of CIDNP with a common emissive maximum at 4.0 mT detected for adenine and flavin protons. Careful correction of the CIDNP data for relaxation losses during sample shuttling shows that only a single maximum of CIDNP is formed in the magnetic field range from 0.1 mT to 9 T; thus, only one type of FAD biradical is detectable. Modeling of the CIDNP field dependence provides good agreement with the experimental data for a normal distance distribution between the two radical centers around 0.89 nm and an effective electron exchange interaction of −2.0 mT.
Since December 2010, the CMD-3 detector has collected data at the electron-positron collider VEPP- 2000. The sample of the accumulated data corresponds to about 60 pb−1 of integrated luminosity in the c.m. energy from 0.32 up to 2 GeV. Preliminary results of the analysis of various processes e+e− annihilation to hadrons are presented. It is shown the processes with multihadron events have several intermediate states which must be taken into account to correctly describe the angular and invariant mass distributions as well as cross section dependence versus energy.
Micro-pattern gas technology is planned for the upgrade of the tracking system of the CMD-3 detector at the VEPP-2000 electron-positron collider in Budker INP.

The upgrade includes a new cylinder tracking and trigger detector that consists of two tracking layers at a radius of 32 to 33 cm with coordinate resolution close to 0.1 mm in Z (along the beam axis) and trigger segments of about 1 cm in phi. Another new coordinate subsystem includes two end-cap discs with active area between radius of 50 mm and 250 mm, that provides spatial resolution in R and in phi close to 1 mm as well as trigger signal from the phi segments. For these two subsystems we plan to use micro-RWELL technology because it allows much simpler assembling of large cylindrical detector and large discs due to more rigid glass-fiber support as compared to the triple GEM technology.

The new cylindrical detector and end-cap discs of the CMD-3 are considered as a prototypes of the Inner Tracker of the detector for the future Super C-Tau Factory (SCTF) at Budker INP. The SCTF is an electron-positron collider for the energy range of 3-7 GeV in the center of mass system that will provide luminosity of 10 35 cm −2 s −1 . Coordinate system of the detector for the SCTF will include among other systems, the Inner Tracker and the end-cap discs. The Inner Tracker will be 60 cm long and occupy radius up to 20 cm, while the end-cap discs will have radius up to 180 cm and will have to provide trigger signal. For the end-cap discs the MPGD option is considered based either on the triple-GEM or on the micro-RWELL, while for the Inner Tracker three main options are competing: compact Time Projection Chamber, silicon micro-strip tracker and cylindrical MPGD tracker. The first results of simulations with all these options are presented with preliminary discussion about the choice of the option.
The mutations in theGJB2(Сх26) gene make the biggest contribution to hereditary hearing loss. The spectrum and prevalence of theGJB2gene mutations are specific to populations of different ethnic origins. For severalGJB2 mutations, their origin from appropriate ancestral founder chromosome was shown, approximate estimations of "age" obtained, and presumable regions of their origin outlined. This work presents the results of the carrier frequencies' analysis of the major (for European countries) mutation c.35delG (GJB2gene) among 2,308 healthy individuals from 18 Eurasian populations of different ethnic origins: Bashkirs, Tatars, Chuvashs, Udmurts, Komi-Permyaks, Mordvins, and Russians (the Volga-Ural region of Russia); Byelorussians, Ukrainians (Eastern Europe); Abkhazians, Avars, Cherkessians, and Ingushes (Caucasus); Kazakhs, Uzbeks, Uighurs (Central Asia); and Yakuts, and Altaians (Siberia). The prevalence of the c.35delG mutation in the studied ethnic groups may act as additional evidence for a prospective role of the founder effect in the origin and distribution of this mutation in various populations worldwide. The haplotype analysis of chromosomes with the c.35delG mutation in patients with nonsyndromic sensorineural hearing loss (N=112) and in population samples (N =358) permitted the reconstruction of an ancestral haplotype with this mutation, established the common origin of the majority of the studied mutant chromosomes, and provided the estimated time of the c.35delG mutation carriers expansion (11,800 years) on the territory of the Volga-Ural region.
随机游走理论在数学、统计物理和组合数学等领域的研究背景

使用连续时间随机游走和数学分析方法

获得了零漂移和负漂移随机游走出区间平均时间的双边不等式
Aim . To assess age and sex characteristics of hostility among the population of a medium urban Siberian city. Material and methods . Cross-sectional epidemiological studies were carried out among men and women aged 25-64 years in Tyumen; the response rate was 85,0% among men and 70,3% among women. To assess hostility, the algorithms of the WHO program MONICA-Psychosocial were used. There were low, moderate and high levels of hostility. Low hostility was considered the population norm. Results . In the open population of a medium urban Siberian city, an unfavorable data was found for the hostility prevalence. High levels of hostility were revealed in both men and women in the whole age range. However, a high level of hostility prevailed among women compared to general population values by age and in four decades of life. Conclusion . The data obtained will help to develop evidence-based prevention programs based on the effects on psychosocial factors taking into account age and sex characteristics.
Depression is the most frequently diagnosed psychiatric disease in Western countries.Although a variety of pharmacological treatments for this disorder are available, a significant proportion of patients is treatmentresistant and/or suffer from side effects.There is a growing need for a complex understanding of the underlying pathogenic mechanisms in the neural circuits and effort for developing novel therapies for the depression.The role of serotonin in depression and antidepressant treatment remains unclear despite decades of research.

New optogenetic tools for manipulation of neuronal activity have enabled the investigation of the contribution of distinct neural circuit elements to the pathogenesis of depression.In this study, we used the specific lentiviral vectors for the inhibition of serotonergic neurons.The proton pump archaerhodopsin-3 (eArchT3.0)has been expressed in the serotonergic neurons under the control of tryptophan hydroxylase 2 promotor.Green light stimulation of eArchT3.0 expressing neurons led to a reduced percentage of c-Fos expressing cells among thоse neurons, which indicates a decrease in their activity.
A recent paper on solid-state 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance in graphitic materials reports on the difficulties with the interpretation of the spectra and presents alternative methods to obtain informative experimental data. Therein, special emphasis is placed on the role of dipole–dipole interactions in the case of 13 C-enriched samples and on the assignment of the 13 C spectral components beyond the common 'graphitic range'.

Here, we show that the consideration of the experimental conditions, namely, the speed of magic angle spinning, plays a more important role in the data interpretation. Further, we provide the experimental and theoretical evidences that the appearance of the 13 C resonances shifted upfield from the typical sp 2 -hybridized carbon range is not surprising, but rather exhibits a characteristic feature of the graphitic materials with specific morphology.

Finally, we show that analysis of the anisotropy of the chemical shift tensor is informative even in the case of very broad 13 C spectra and supports the microscopy observations.
(1) Background: accelerator-based neutron sources are a new frontier for BNCT but many technical issues remain. We aimed to study such issues and results in larger-animal BNCT (cats and dogs) with naturally occurring, malignant tumors in different locations as an intermediate step in translating current research into clinical practice. (2) Methods: 10 pet cats and dogs with incurable, malignant tumors that had no treatment alternatives were included in this study. A tandem accelerator with vacuum insulation was used as a neutron source. As a boron-containing agent, 10B-enriched sodium borocaptate (BSH) was used at a dose of 100 mg/kg. Animal condition as well as tumor progression/regression were monitored. (3) Results: regression of tumors in response to treatment, improvements in the overall clinical picture, and an increase in the estimated duration and quality of life were observed. Treatment-related toxicity was mild and reversible. (4) Conclusions: our study contributes to preparations for human BNCT clinical trials and suggests utility for veterinary oncology.
Aim . To study the prevalence of abdominal obesity in young people aged 25–44 years in Novosibirsk, as well as the prevalence of diseases and pathological conditions in individuals with abdominal obesity. Materials and methods . We conducted a cross-sectional, population-based study of the population of Novosibirsk aged 25–44 years. The screening examined 1,415 people, including 670 men and 745 women. For all individuals, we evaluated the presence of such conditions as abdominal obesity (AO), arterial hypertension (AH), increased body mass index (BMI), coronary heart disease (according to validated epidemiologic and functional criteria with ECG findings classified according to the Minnesota Code), diabetes mellitus (DM), reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR), chronic bronchitis (CB), increased blood levels of total cholesterol (hypercholesterolemia) and lowdensity lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia). Results . The prevalence of AO in the population of Novosibirsk aged 25–44 years was 42.4%: in men – 42.7%, in women – 42.1%. We found that AO had a significant direct effect on the development of AH (odds ratio (OR) = 2.550, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.899–3.422, p = 0.0001), CB (OR = 1.830, CI 1.326–2.527, p = 0.0001), hypercholesterolemia (OR = 1.486, CI 1.193–1.851, p = 0.0001), hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia (OR = 1.527, CI 1.222–1.907, p = 0.0001) and a reverse effect on reduced GFR (OR = 0.603, CI 0.427–0.852, p = 0.004). In the male population under 45 years of age, AO had a significant direct effect on the development of AH, CB, hypercholesterolemia, and hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia. In the female population under the age of 45, AO had a significant direct effect on the development of DM, AH, CB, and hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia and a reverse effect on the reduced GFR development. Conclusion . Therefore, in the young Siberian population under 45 years of age, abdominal obesity is associated with the development of common diseases and pathological conditions.
We consider the optical fiber channel modelled by the nonlinear Shrödinger equation with additive white Gaussian noise. Using Feynman path-integral approach for the model with small dispersion we find the first nonzero corrections to the conditional probability density function and the channel capacity estimations at large signal-to-noise ratio. We demonstrate that the correction to the channel capacity in small dimensionless dispersion parameter is quadratic and positive therefore increasing the earlier calculated capacity for a nondispersive nonlinear optical fiber channel in the intermediate power region. Also for small dispersion case we find the analytical expressions for simple correlators of the output signals in our noisy channel.
This work presents the results of using self-normalizing neural networks with automatic selection of hyperparameters, TabNet and NODE to solve the problem of tabular data classification. The method of automatic selection of hyperparameters was realised. Testing was carried out with the open source framework OpenML AutoML Benchmark. As part of the work, a comparative analysis was carried out with seven classification methods, experiments were carried out for 39 datasets with 5 methods. NODE shows the best results among the following methods and overperformed standard methods for four datasets.
Исследование статистики регистрации одиночных фотонов двумя фотодетекторами для применений в квантовой криптографии Д. Б. Третьяков 1, 2 , А. В. Коляко 1-3 , А. С. Плешков 1-3 , В. М. Энтин 1, 2 И.И. Рябцев 1, 2 , И. Г. Неизвестный 1, 4 1 Институт физики полупроводников им.А. В. Ржанова СО РАН 2 Новосибирский государственный университет 3 Институт лазерной физики СО РАН 4 Новосибирский государственный технический университет Новосибирск, Россия Аннотация Предложен метод обнаружения атаки с делением числа фотонов в квантово-криптографических системах связи по измерению распределения числа фотонов в лазерном импульсе.Вместо использования сложного фотодетектора, способного различать число зарегистрированных фотонов, мы предлагаем использовать два обычных однофотонных детектора на основе лавинных фотодиодов.Представлены результаты экспериментов по измерению числа фотонов в лазерном импульсе и их
The Federal Law of November 24, 2014 No. 376-FZ 'On Amendments to Parts One and Two of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation (with regard to taxation of profits of controlled foreign companies and foreign organizations proceeds)' adopted in the framework of the deoffshorization program caused the increase in the doctrinal discussions of this program. It aimed at reducing the outflow of capital abroad, to fight against the concealment of the proceeds of legal entities whose beneficiaries are Russian residents formally registered in offshore zones. It is worth noting that due to the name of the program, designated by the President of the Russian Federation at the end of 2013, the law in question became known as the 'anti-offshore law' Such a wording provoked the formation of an erroneous opinion that the construction 'controlled foreign company' introduced by this law is synonymous with the term 'offshore company'.

The paper analyzes the doctrinal sources that reveal the concept and essence of the two phenomena (controlled by a foreign company and an offshore company), and scrutinizes their legal definitions. The paper provides not only the characteristics of both business entities, but also the features that make it possible to draw a clear line between these types of organizations.

Thus, the author concludes that the companies under consideration have some autonomy, but, despite this fact, she still notes three important and significant conditions, the observance of which leads to the equivalence of a controlled foreign company and an offshore company.
The paper analyzes environmental-economics models developed by foreign and Russian scientists. The first attempts to combine both economic and environmental issues in mathematical modeling were made in the 1960s, with most of them been theoretical due to lack of necessary data. With the development of modeling approaches, following on Wassily Leontief's models, an environmental block has been included into input-output models. However, most of the existing models can hardly be applied to practice due to lack of statistical data and the absence of inter-industry approach. Even today the main restricting factor for these models to be used in practice is still limited availability of information, including not only economic but also environmental data, which is especially critical for regional researches, as the number of statistical indicators for the regions is much lower than at the macro level.

The article provides mathematical description of the input-output model with an environmental block. The model is developed at the Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering of the Siberian Branch of the RAS in collaboration with the Novosibirsk State University.

The model can be used for regional researches, given the input-output tables for the region is available.
Electroluminescence and electron avalanching are the physical effects used in two-phase argon and xenon detectors for dark mater search and neutrino detection, to amplify the primary ionization signal directly in cryogenic noble-gas media. We review the concepts of such light and charge signal amplification, including a combination thereof, both in the gas and in the liquid phase. Puzzling aspects of the physics of electroluminescence and electron avalanching in two-phase detectors are explained and detection techniques based on these effects are described.
We observe a large negative magnetoresistance and a decrease of resistivity with increasing temperature, known as the Gurzhi effect, in a bilayer electron (BL) system formed by a wide GaAs quantum well.

A hydrodynamic model for the single fluid transport parameters in narrow channels is employed and successfully describes our experimental findings. We find that the electron-electron scattering in the bilayer is more intensive in comparison with a single-band well (SW). The hydrodynamic assumption implies a strong dependence on boundary conditions, which can be characterized by slip length, describing the behavior of a liquid near the edge.

Our results reveal that slip length in a BL is shorter than in a SW, and that the BL system goes deeper into the hydrodynamic regime. This is in agreement with the model proposed where the slip length is of the order of the electron-electron mean free path.