Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Mounting evidence points to a role for endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cell signaling, including in the control of cell proliferation, differentiation, and fate. However, the function of ROS and their molecular regulation in embryonic mouse neural progenitor cells (eNPCs) has not yet been clarified. Here, we describe that physiological ROS are required for appropriate timing of neurogenesis in the developing telencephalon in vivo and in cultured NPCs, and that the tumor suppressor p53 plays a key role in the regulation of ROS-dependent neurogenesis. p53 loss of function leads to elevated ROS and early neurogenesis, while restoration of p53 and antioxidant treatment partially reverse the phenotype associated with premature neurogenesis. Furthermore, we describe that the expression of a number of neurogenic and oxidative stress genes relies on p53 and that both p53 and ROS-dependent induction of neurogenesis depend on PI3 kinase/phospho-Akt signaling. Our results suggest that p53 fine-tunes endogenous ROS levels to ensure the appropriate timing of neurogenesis in eNPCs. This may also have implications for the generation of tumors of neurodevelopmental origin.
Identifying genetic risk factors for lumbar spine disorders may lead to knowledge regarding underlying mechanisms and the development of new treatments. We conducted a genome-wide association study involving 100,811 participants with genotypes and longitudinal electronic health record data from the Electronic Medical Records and Genomics Network and Geisinger Health. Cases and controls were defined using validated algorithms and clinical diagnostic codes. Electronic health record–defined phenotypes included low back pain requiring healthcare utilization (LBP-HC), lumbosacral radicular syndrome (LSRS), and lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). Genome-wide association study used logistic regression with additive genetic effects adjusting for age, sex, site-specific factors, and ancestry (principal components). A fixed-effect inverse-variance weighted meta-analysis was conducted. Genetic variants of genome-wide significance ( P < 5 × 10 −8 ) were carried forward for replication in an independent sample from UK Biobank. Phenotype prevalence was 48.8% for LBP-HC, 19.8% for LSRS, and 7.9% for LSS. No variants were significantly associated with LBP-HC. One locus was associated with LSRS (lead variant rs146153280:C>G, odds ratio [OR] = 1.17 for G, P = 2.1 × 10 −9 ), but was not replicated. Another locus on chromosome 2 spanning GFPT1 , NFU1, and AAK1 was associated with LSS (lead variant rs13427243:G>A, OR = 1.10 for A, P = 4.3 × 10 −8 ) and replicated in UK Biobank (OR = 1.11, P = 5.4 × 10 −5 ). This was the first genome-wide association study meta-analysis of lumbar spinal disorders using electronic health record data. We identified 2 novel associations with LSRS and LSS; the latter was replicated in an independent sample.
The urine protein composition samples of ten Russian cosmonauts (male, aged of 35 up to 51) performed long flight missions and varied from 169 up to 199 days on the International Space Station (ISS) were analyzed. As a control group, urine samples of six back-up cosmonauts were analyzed.

We used proteomic techniques to obtain data and contemporary bioinformatics approaches to perform the analysis. From the total number of identified proteins (238) in our data set, 129 were associated with a known tissue origin. Preflight samples contained 92 tissue-specific proteins, samples obtained on Day 1 after landing had 90 such proteins, while Day 7 samples offered 95 tissue-specific proteins.

Analysis showed that consistently present proteins in urine (under physiological conditions and after space flight) are cubilin, epidermal growth factor, kallikrein-1, kininogen-1, megalin, osteopontin, vitamin K-dependent protein Z, uromodulin. Variably present proteins consists of: Na(+)/K(+) ATPase subunit gamma, β-defensin-1, dipeptidyl peptidase 4, maltasa-glucoamilasa, cadherin-like protein, neutral endopeptidase and vascular cell adhesion protein 1. And only three renal proteins were related to the space flight factors. They were not found in the pre-flight samples and in the back-up cosmonaut urine, but were found in the urine samples after space flight: AFAM (afamin), AMPE (aminopeptidase A) and AQP2 (aquaporin-2). This data related with physiological readaptation of water-salt balance. The proteomic analysis of urine samples in different phases of space missions with bioinformation approach to protein identification provides new data relative to biomechemical mechanism of kidney functioning after space flight.
It was found that the most common genotype rs2278749 ARNTL gene was homozygous C/C genotype -74,9%.Prevalence of C/T and T/T genotype was 22.3% and 2.8%, respectively.

It was revealed that persons with the genotype C/T more likely to experience serious conflicts in the family, more experienced their frustration, they often have disturbing dreams, and they wake up tired and exhausted, in addition, they often met the high level of the life of exhaustion, and they soon became frustrated.Persons with genotype T/T often took the trouble "to heart" and were more punctual.On the other hand, persons with C/C genotype were more hostile, were inclined not to trust anyone, almost "never" accept negative situations "close to the heart" and much less experienced disturbing dreams.
the basic rheological Pokrovski-Vinogradov model for flows of solutions and melts of an incompressible viscoelastic polymeric medium

study the linear stability of a resting state for a generalization to the nonisothermal case under the influence of magnetic field, corresponding linearized problem describing magnetohydrodynamic flows of polymers in an infinite plane channel

for certain values of the conduction current which is given on the electrodes, i.e. on the channel boundaries, the problem has solutions whose amplitude grows exponentially (in the class of functions periodic along the channel)
VEPP-2000 is electron-positron collider exploiting the novel concept of round colliding beams. After three seasons of data taking in the whole energy range of 160-1000 MeV per beam it was stopped in 2013 for injection chain upgrade. The linking to the new BINP source of intensive beams together with booster synchrotron modernization provides the drastic luminosity gain at top energy of VEPP-2000.
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Well-known cardiovascular risk scales underestimate the possibility of the onset of cardiovascular complications and do not take into account the peculiarities of inflammatory rheumatic diseases. To improve risk stratification and timely prevention, it is necessary to study the risk factors associated with damage to the cardiovascular system in AS.

The study included 32 male patients with AS who underwent a general clinical examination. In these patients, traditional factors of cardiovascular risk were identified; the activity and functional status of the disease were determined. To identify atherosclerotic lesions of the carotid arteries, Doppler ultrasound was used to measure carotid intima-media thickness and to identify atherosclerotic plaques.

The study revealed a high prevalence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors among patients with AS, as well as the significant associations of the duration of the disease and the degree of functional impairment with the formation of carotid atherosclerotic lesions. The results of the study suggest that a more thorough assessment of CVD risk, as well as the use of additional objective criteria, are necessary for patients with AS.
The authors suggest using a numerical method based upon the finite element analysis of the equations of continuous inhomogeneous media mechanics to describe thermophysical properties of transient motions of viscous gas through porous media with chemical changes and phase transitions in a solid phase. The model takes into account heat exchange between a solid frame and gas, changes in the phase volume and mass at interaction, the presence of oxidant diffusion. The software developed in FreeFem++ allows clear and vivid studying the process of gas combustion in solid porous medium with inhomogeneous combustion source at forced filtration in the course of time as well as modeling and analyzing a real experiment.
The potential connection between consumption of red meat and development of colorectal cancer has been the subject of scientific discussion for a long time. However, uncertainty persists to this day. Consumption of processed meat and red meat may play a role in colon carcinogenesis, among other risk factors. An analysis of the updated data demonstrates an ever-smaller connection between red meat consumption and colorectal cancer incidence.
Chemically Induced Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (CIDNP) is an efficient method of creating non-equilibrium polarization of nuclear spins by using chemical reactions, which have radical pairs as intermediates. The CIDNP effect originates from (i) electron spin-selective recombination of radical pairs and (ii) the dependence of the inter-system crossing rate in radical pairs on the state of magnetic nuclei. The CIDNP effect can be investigated by using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) methods. The gain from CIDNP is then two-fold: it allows one to obtain considerable amplification of NMR signals; in addition, it provides a very useful tool for investigating elusive radicals and radical pairs. While the mechanisms of the CIDNP effect in liquids are well established and understood, detailed analysis of solid-state CIDNP mechanisms still remains challenging; likewise a common theoretical frame for the description of CIDNP in both solids and liquids is missing. Difficulties in understanding the spin dynamics that lead to the CIDNP effect in the solid-state case are caused by the anisotropy of spin interactions, which increase the complexity of spin evolution.

In this work, we propose to analyze CIDNP in terms of level crossing phenomena, namely, to attribute features in the CIDNP magnetic field dependence to Level Crossings (LCs) and Level Anti-Crossings (LACs) in a radical pair. This approach allows one to describe liquid-state CIDNP; the same holds for the solid-state case where anisotropic interactions play a significant role in CIDNP formation. In solids, features arise predominantly from LACs, since in most cases anisotropic couplings result in perturbations, which turn LCs into LACs.

We have interpreted the CIDNP mechanisms in terms of the LC/LAC concept. This consideration allows one to find analytical expressions for a wide magnetic field range, where several different mechanisms are operative; furthermore, the LAC description gives a way to determine CIDNP sign rules. Thus, LCs/LACs provide a consistent description of CIDNP in both liquids and solids with the prospect of exploiting it for the analysis of short-lived radicals and for optimizing the polarization level.
The inverse problem of recovering the acoustic attenuation in the inclusions inside the human tissue is considered.

The coefficient inverse problem is formulated for the first-order system of PDE. We reduce the inverse problem to the optimization of the cost functional by gradient method. The gradient of the functional is determined by solving a direct and conjugate problem.

Numerical results are presented.
By means of complex segregation analysis we studied the inheritance of litter size in two large pedigrees of captive-bred colonies of the Brazilian grass mouse Akodon cursor.

Genetic analysis has revealed a highly significant influence of genetic factors on the variation of litter size (heritability, h 2 , was estimated as 0.44).

The inheritance followed the classical polygene model: neither the major-gene model nor the polygene with unequal contribution model described the data significantly better.
The thermodynamic properties of the carbon dioxide clathrate hydrate as well as hexagonal ice Ih have been calculated using Quasiharmonic Lattice Dynamic framework in connection with Molecular Dynamic methods in order to show the existence of the self-preservation effect in the carbon dioxide hydrates. The statistical thermodynamics theory has been applied to calculate the thermal expansion coefficients for hydrate and ice systems. The calculations clearly show that because the thermal expansion of the hydrate phase is limited by the thermal expansion of ice it is possible to keep the hydrate in a stable region within the phase diagram. The differences in thermal expansion should lead to the self-preservation effect with the application of additional pressure on the hydrate phase. This effect allows using the self-preservation effect for the storage and transportation of gas in the hydrate form.
Stress-strain state horizontal coal seam of finite lengthAs the result of work, analytical expressions for calculation of tension in coal stratum of terminating length, which is under the influence of overlying breeds and is between two drifts are received.The decision is presented in the form of the sum of a polynom and a convergent series.For determination of coefficients of a row it is not required to solve the infinite systems of the algebraic equations.It promotes fast numerical finding of the required sizes with an accuracy, sufficient for practice.The given decision can be used for interpretation of data of geomechanical monitoring at combinegouge of coal in the conditions of real time and for monitoring of tension in the developed coal layer for the purpose of prediction of a possibility of mountain emission that still is very relevant problem of safety of mining operations.
The inverse scattering problem of the reconstruction of the unknown potential with compact support in the 3-d Schrödinger equation is considered. Only the modulus of the scattering complex valued wave field is known, whereas the phase is unknown.

It is shown that the unknown potential can be reconstructed via the inverse Radon transform.

Therefore, a long standing problem posed in 1977 by K. Chadan and P.C. Sabatier in their book "Inverse Problems in Quantum Scattering Theory" is solved.
Usnic acid (UA) is a secondary metabolite of lichens that exhibits a wide range of biological activities. Previously, we found that UA derivatives are effective inhibitors of tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (TDP1). It can remove covalent complex DNA-topoisomerase 1 (TOP1) stabilized by the TOP1 inhibitor topotecan, neutralizing the effect of the drugs. TDP1 removes damage at the 3′ end of DNA caused by other anticancer agents. Thus, TDP1 is a promising therapeutic target for the development of drug combinations with topotecan, as well as other drugs for cancer treatment. Ten new UA enamino derivatives with variation in the terpene fragment and substituent of the UA backbone were synthesized and tested as TDP1 inhibitors. Four compounds, 11a-d, had IC50 values in the 0.23–0.40 μM range. Molecular modelling showed that 11a-d, with relatively short aliphatic chains, fit to the important binding domains. The intrinsic cytotoxicity of 11a-d was tested on two human cell lines. The compounds had low cytotoxicity with CC50 ≥ 60 μM for both cell lines. 11a and 11c had high inhibition efficacy and low cytotoxicity, and they enhanced topotecan’s cytotoxicity in cancerous HeLa cells but reduced it in the non-cancerous HEK293A cells. This “protective” effect from topotecan on non-cancerous cells requires further investigation.
The GPU implementation by means of the OpenACC technology of the simulation of the current distribution in tungsten sample is heated by an electron beam pulse is presented.
Biological activity of antisense oligonucleotides (asON), especially those with a neutral backbone, is often attenuated by poor cellular accumulation.

In the present proof-of-concept study, we propose a novel delivery system for asONs which implies the delivery of modified antisense oligonucleotides by so-called transport oligonucleotides (tON), which are oligodeoxyribonucleotides complementary to asON conjugated with hydrophobic dodecyl moieties. Two types of tONs, bearing at the 5′-end up to three dodecyl residues attached through non-nucleotide inserts (TD series) or anchored directly to internucleotidic phosphate (TP series), were synthesized. tONs with three dodecyl residues efficiently delivered asON to cells without any signs of cytotoxicity and provided a transfection efficacy comparable to that achieved using Lipofectamine 2000.

We found that, in the case of tON with three dodecyl residues, some tON/asON duplexes were excreted from the cells within extracellular vesicles at late stages of transfection. We confirmed the high efficacy of the novel and demonstrated that MDR1 mRNA targeted asON delivered by tON with three dodecyl residues significantly reduced the level of P-glycoprotein and increased the sensitivity of KB-8-5 human carcinoma cells to vinblastine. The obtained results demonstrate the efficacy of lipophilic oligonucleotide carriers and shows they are potentially capable of intracellular delivery of any kind of antisense oligonucleotides.
There are two main reasons for the development of cotton growing in the southern regions of the country: the first is objective, the second is subjective. An objective reason for the development of cotton growing in the southern regions of the country is the natural climate and relief of the region. The southwestern, southern part of the region is located on the plains of the Turan depression. In particular, the climate of the region has its own characteristics: dry air, predominance of sunlight and hot days, long autumn, sufficient and convenient location of water sources for irrigation. The climate of the Turkestan region is similar to that of neighboring Uzbekistan in terms of sunshine and hot days from May to October, and even higher than in a number of other agricultural countries. The article states in detail that the only way to solve the problem of economic independence under favorable climatic conditions is the need for efficient use of agricultural land resources. It also describes the structure of agricultural land in the southern part of the country, the relevance and development of crop production through the introduction of scientific and technological progress, the basis for the effective use of land resources and socio-economic results. In general, in the context of the development of world market relations, the effectiveness of the reforms carried out in our country will undoubtedly allow our country to develop economically.
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of irreversible visual impairment and blindness in developed countries, and the molecular pathogenesis of AMD is poorly understood. Recent studies strongly indicate that amyloid β (Aβ) accumulation —found in the brain and a defining feature of Alzheimer’s disease—also forms in the retina in both Alzheimer’s disease and AMD. The reason why highly neurotoxic proteins of consistently aggregate in the aging retina, and to what extent they contribute to AMD, remains to be fully addressed. Nonetheless, the hypothesis that Aβ is a therapeutic target in AMD is debated.

Here, we showed that long-term treatment with SkQ1 (250 nmol/[kg body weight] daily from the age of 1.5 to 22 months) suppressed the development of AMD-like pathology in senescence-accelerated OXYS rats by reducing the level of Aβ and suppressing the activity of mTOR in the retina.

Inhibition of mTOR signaling activity, which plays key roles in aging and age-related diseases, can be considered a new mechanism of the prophylactic effect of SkQ1. It seems probable that dietary supplementation with mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1 can be a good prevention strategy to maintain eye health and possibly a treatment of AMD.
The mafic-ultramafic massifs with the PGE-Cu-Ni mineralization located in North-Central Mongolia: Oortsog, Dulaan, Mankhan, Yamat, and Nomgon were investigated. For the first time we consider these massifs as a single magmatic association and as fragments of Khangai batholith caused by the action of the plume responsible for the formation Permian Khangai LIP.

The massifs fractionated from peridotite to gabbro have a similar typomorphic ore mineralogical and geochemical features, which change depending on the degrees of fractionation of magma and evolution of the sulfide melt. The least fractionated Oortsog massif originated from Ni-rich high-Mg basaltic magma. It is characterized by predominance of pyrrhotite mineralization due to exsolution of monosulfide solid solution (MSS). The most fractionated is the Nomgon massif originated from Cu-rich basaltic magma with bornite-chalcopyrite mineralization, formed as an exsolution of intermediate solid solution (ISS). The rest of the massifs have a medium characteristics between these two.

The compositions of sulfides in the studied massifs change in accordance with the increase in sulfur fugacity from peridotite to gabbro: enrichment of pentlandite in Ni and pyrrhotite in S. The composition of PGM changes from Pt minerals in Oortsog massif to Pd minerals in Nomgon massif in the same direction. These massifs can be considered as potential for the PGE.
Considering audio and image data as having quantum nature (data are represented by density matrices)

we achieved better results on training architectures such as 3-layer stacked LSTM and HMM by mixing training samples using superposition augmentation and compared with plain default training and mix-up augmentation. This augmentation technique originates from the mix-up approach but provides more solid theoretical reasoning based on quantum properties.

We achieved 3% improvement (from 68% to 71%) by using 38% lesser number of training samples in Russian audio-digits recognition task and 7,16% better accuracy than mix-up augmentation by training only 500 samples using HMM on the same task. Also, we achieved 1.1% better accuracy than mix-up on first 900 samples in MNIST using 3-layer stacked LSTM.
The Novosibirsk Free Electron Laser (NovoFEL) facility is able to produce high-power tunable terahertz (THz) laser radiation in quasi-continuous mode. The ability to control/shape this THz radiation is required in a number of user experiments.

In this work we propose a modulation approach suitable for free electron lasers based on recuperation design. It allows for generating THz macropulses of a desirable length, down to several microseconds (limited by a quality factor of FEL optical resonator). Using this approach, macropulses in the time window from several microseconds to several hundred microseconds have been shown for three possible frequency ranges: mid-infrared (~1100 cm−1), far-infrared (~200 cm−1) and THz (~40 cm−1).

In each case, the observed rise and decay of the macropulse have been measured and interpreted. The advantage of using short macropulses at the maximum peak power available has been demonstrated with the time-resolved Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy.
The measurement of the shape relies on the evaluation of the strains applied to an optic fiber in order to identify relevant spatial parameters, such as the curvature radii and bending direction, which define its shape. The measurement system is based on a 7-core multicore fiber, containing up to 9 triplets of fiber Bragg grating sensors (FBGs) organized around a central core used as reference.

This paper presents the characterization of an algorithm aimed at performing accurate fiber optic-based shape sensing. The proposed study aims at comparing the widely used Frenet-Serret equations with an algorithm based on the homogeneous transformation matrices that are normally used in robotics to express the position of a point in different frames, i.e. from local to global coordinates.

The numerical results of the performed experiments (with different multicore fibers and setups) extensively prove the superiority of the alternative method over the Frenet-Serret equations in terms of finding a trade-off between accuracy and execution time.