Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
The SND is a non-magnetic detector deployed at the VEPP-2000 e + e − collider (BINP, Novosibirsk) for hadronic cross-section measurements in the center of mass energy range below 2 GeV. The important part of the detector is a three-layer hodoscopic electromagnetic calorimeter (EMC) based on NaI(Tl) counters. Until the recent EMC spectrometric channel upgrade, only the measurement of the energy deposition in counters was possible.

New EMC signal digitizing electronics based on FADC allow us to obtain also the signal arrival time. The new electronics and supporting software, including digitized signal processing algorithms, are now used for data taking in the ongoing experiment.

We discuss the amplitude and time extraction algorithms, the new system performance on experimental events and how this time measurement can be applied to physics analysis.
We measure the branching fraction and time-dependent CP-violating asymmetry for B0→J/ψπ0 decays using a data sample of 711 fb−1 collected on the Υ(4S) resonance by the Belle experiment running at the KEKB e+e− collider.

The branching fraction is measured to be B(B0→J/ψπ0)=[1.62±0.11(stat)±0.06(syst)]×10−5, which is the most precise measurement to date. The measured CP asymmetry parameters are S=−0.59±0.19(stat)±0.03(syst) and A=−0.15±0.14(stat)+0.04−0.03(syst).

The mixing-induced CP asymmetry (S) differs from the case of no CP violation by 3.0 standard deviations, and the direct CP asymmetry (A) is consistent with zero.
The SuUR (suppressor of underreplication) gene controls late replication and underreplication of DNA in Drosophila melanogaster polytene chromosomes: its mutation suppresses DNA underreplication whereas additional doses of the normal allele strongly enhances underreplication. The SuUR protein is localized in late replicating and underreplicating regions. The N-terminal part of the SuUR protein shares modest similarity with the ATPase/helicase domain of SWI2/SNF2 chromatin remodeling factors, suggesting a role in modification of chromatin structure.

Here we describe novel structural modifications of polytene chromosomes (swellings) and show that SuUR controls chromatin organization in polytene chromosomes. The swellings develop as the result of SuUR ectopic expression in the transgene system Sgs3-GAL4; UAS-SuUR(+). They are reminiscent of chromosome puffs and appear in approximately 190 regions of intercalary, pericentric and telomeric heterochromatin; some of them attain tremendous size. The swellings are temperature sensitive: they are maximal at 29 degrees C and are barely visible at 18 degrees C. Shifting from 29 degrees C to 18 degrees C results in the complete recovery of the normal structure of chromosomes. The swellings are transcriptionally inactive, since they do not incorporate [(3)H]uridine. The SuUR protein is not visualized in regions of maximally developed swellings. Regular ecdysone-inducible puffs are not induced in cells where these swellings are apparent.

The SuUR protein is localized in late replicating and underreplicating regions. The N-terminal part of the SuUR protein shares modest similarity with the ATPase/helicase domain of SWI2/SNF2 chromatin remodeling factors, suggesting a role in modification of chromatin structure. SuUR controls chromatin organization in polytene chromosomes.
We are studying the problem of a stationary supersonic flow of an inviscid non-heat-conducting gas in thermodynamical equilibrium onto a planar infinite wedge.It is known that theoretically this problem has two solutions: the solution with a strong shock wave (when the velocity behind the front of the shock wave is subsonic) and the solution with a weak shock wave (when, generally speaking, the velocity behind the front of the shock wave is supersonic).In the present paper, the case of a weak shock wave is studied.It is proved that if the Lopatinski condition for the shock wave is satisfied (in a weak sense), then the corresponding linearized initial boundary-value problem is well-posed, and its classical solution is found.In this case, unlike the case when the uniform Lopatinski condition holds, additional plane waves appear.It is shown that for compactly supported initial data the solution of the linearized problem converges in finite time to the zero solution.Therefore, for the case of a weak shock wave and when the Lopatinski condition holds in a weak sense these results complete the verification of the well-known Courant-Friedrichs' conjecture that the strong shock wave solution is unstable whereas the weak shock wave solution is stable.
Primordial stellar-mass black holes, which may contribute to dark matter and to the observed LIGO binary black hole coalescences, are expected to be born with very low spins.

Here we show that accretion mass gain by the components of a primordial black hole binary from the surrounding matter could lead to noticeable spins of the components prior to the coalescence provided high initial orbital eccentricities.
The results are compared to the conventional time-domain horizontal electrical dipole (HED) and vertical electrical dipole (VED) sources.

Two novel transient controlled source electromagnetic methods called circular electrical dipole (CED) and differential electrical dipole (DED) are theoretically analysed for applications in shallow marine environments. 1-D and 3-D time-domain modelling studies are used to investigate the detectability and applicability of the methods when investigating resistive layers/targets representing hydrocarbon-saturated formations.

The applied theoretical modelling studies demonstrate that CED and DED have higher signal detectability towards resistive targets compared to TD-CSEM, but demonstrate significantly poorer signal amplitudes. Future CED/DED applications will have to solve this issue prior to measuring. Furthermore, the two novel methods have very similar detectability characteristics towards 3-D resistive targets embedded in marine sediments as VED while being less susceptible towards non-verticality. Due to the complex transmitter design of CED/DED the systems are prone to geometrical errors. Modelling studies show that even small transmitter inaccuracies have strong effects on the signal characteristics of CED making an actual marine application difficult at the present time. In contrast, the DED signal is less affected by geometrical errors in comparison to CED and may therefore be more adequate for marine applications.
MiRNAs of blood and urine have been shown to represent a convenient source of biomarkers for prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis and assessment of the therapy effectiveness due to their high stability and representation and the low invasiveness of sample collection.

Here, we studied the influence of radical prostatectomy (RP) on the expression of 12 cell-free miRNAs previously shown as potential markers of PCa (i.e., miR-19b, miR-22, miR-92a, miR-378, miR-425, miR-30e, miR-31, miR-125b, miR-200b, miR-205, miR-375 and miR-660). The relative expression of the miRNAs combined into 31 paired ratios was evaluated in the urine extracellular vesicles (EVs), clarified urine (CU) and blood plasma of healthy donors, pre- and post-RP samples of PCa patients.

Nineteen miRNA ratios based on combinations of ten of the miRNAs (miR-19b, miR-30e, miR-31, miR-125b, miR-200b, miR-205, miR-375, miR-378, miR-425, and miR-660) were altered by RP. The comparative expression analysis of the cell-free miRNA ratios between healthy donors and PCa patients revealed miR-125b/miR-30e and miR-375/miR-30e as potential markers for evaluating therapeutic efficacy. MiR-378/miR-19b, miR-425/miR-19b, miR-200/miR-30e, miR-660/miR-30e, and miR-205/miR-30e had minor prognostic value but could be used to increase the steadiness of the diagnostic system. The urine EVs had the highest potential as a source of markers.
Results of the geochemical studies on natural brines from regional Vendian reservoirs (Lower-Danilov, Tira, Nepa and Vilyuchan) of the Siberian platform are presented. TDS values of the studied groundwaters and brines range from 17.3 to 583.1 g/dm3, where brines with salinity 280 – 400 g/dm3 are predominant. Brines identified within the Ayan, Bratsk, Balaganka, Upper Chona, Shamanka and other areas, have the highest TDS values.The most widely spread brines belong to five chemical types of Cl Na to Cl Ca composition.

TDS concentrations vary widely from 197 to 580 g/dm3 in the Lower Danilov and Tira horizons, and from 170 to 470 g/dm3 in the lower-sitting Nepa and Vilyuchan horizons.

Na Cl brines whose TDS concentration reaches the halite precipitation phase should be assigned to infiltration-formed brines on account of salt rock leaching, while strongly metamorphosed brines (S > 300) mostly of Cl and Ca Cl Ca-Mg composition – to sedimentogenic type accounting for those descended from Cambrian salt-bearing deposits, thereby largely explaining the phenomenon of inverse hydrogeochemical zonality in subsalt horizons. The third genetic type, of Cl Ca-Na composition, is rooted in the processes of mixing sodium and calcium types of brines.
The paper presents a novel three-dimensional quasi-continuous shape sensor based on an FBG array inscribed by femtosecond laser pulses into a 7-core optical fiber with a polyimide protective coating.

The measured bending sensitivity of individual FBGs ranges from 0.046 nm/m-1 to 0.049 nm/m-1. It is shown that the sensor allows for reconstructing 2- and 3-dimensional shapes with high accuracy. Due to the high value of the core aperture and individual calibration of each FBG we were able to measure the smallest reported bending radii down to 2.6 mm with a record accuracy of ∼1%. Moreover, we investigate the magnitude of the errors of curves reconstruction and errors associated with measurement of curvature radii in the range from 2.6 to 500 mm.

The main factors affecting the accuracy of measurements are also discussed. The temperature resistance of both the inscribed FBG structures and of the protective coating, along with the high mechanical strength of the polyimide, makes it possible to use the sensor in harsh environments or in medical and composite material applications.
This work compares the metabolic profiles of plasma and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of the patients with high-grade (III and IV) gliomas and the conditionally healthy controls using the wide-range targeted screening of low molecular metabolites by HPLC-MS/MS. The obtained data were analyzed using robust linear regression with Huber’s M-estimates, and a number of metabolites with correlated content in plasma and CSF was identified. The statistical analysis shows a significant correlation of metabolite content in plasma and CSF samples for the majority of metabolites. Several metabolites were shown to have high correlation in the control samples, but not in the glioma patients. This can be due to the specific metabolic processes in the glioma patients or to the damaged integrity of blood-brain barrier. The results of our study may be useful for the understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying the development of gliomas, as well as for the search of potential biomarkers for the minimally invasive diagnostic procedures of gliomas.
A study of the two-body decays B^{±}→X_{cc[over ¯]}K^{±}, where X_{cc[over ¯]} refers to one charmonium state, is reported by the BABAR Collaboration using a data sample of 424 fb^{-1}. The absolute determination of branching fractions for these decays are significantly improved compared to previous BABAR measurements. Evidence is found for the decay B^{+}→X(3872)K^{+} at the 3σ level. The absolute branching fraction B[B^{+}→X(3872)K^{+}]=[2.1±0.6(stat)±0.3(syst)]×10^{-4} is measured for the first time. It follows that B[X(3872)→J/ψπ^{+}π^{-}]=(4.1±1.3)%, supporting the hypothesis of a molecular component for this resonance.
The induction of transposition of ТЕ mdgl has been analysed at the different stages of spermatogenesis in isogenic lines of males № 2-2 и № 16 of Drosophila melanogaster exposed to Cold Shock (CSh) and Heat Shock (HSh). We found that in response to CSh and HSh multiple transpositions of mobile elements mdgl occur in each stage of spermatogenesis. It was found that meiosis was the most sensitive stage to CSh. Exposure to HSh caused the highest rate of transpositions in the meiosis and spermatogenesis stages
In this article we discuss applications of neural networks to recognising knots and, in particular, to the unknotting problem. One of motivations for this study is to understand how neural networks work on the example of a problem for which rigorous mathematical algorithms for its solution are known. We represent knots by rectangular Dynnikov diagrams and apply neural networks to distinguish a given diagram class from the given finite families of topological types. The data presented to the program is generated by applying Dynnikov moves to initial samples. The significance of using these diagrams and moves is that in this context the problem of determining whether a diagram is unknotted is a finite search of a bounded combinatorial space.
A consideration of ultra-thin resonant absorbers of electromagnetic radiation utilizing high-impedance metasurfaces is carried out in terms of an equivalent circuit theory.

By incorporating a thin layer of tunable dielectric into such structures it is feasible to manipulate the radiation amplitude and phase under the condition of a small thickness of the dielectric layer in comparison with the radiation wavelength. As such a dielectric, the nematic liquid crystal 5CB with a thickness of 80 um was chosen, and a 5CB-based prototype of an absorbing metastructure of the reflective type optimized for operation in the vicinity of a frequency of 140 GHz was fabricated and experimentally studied.

Testing the structure revealed good agreement between the calculated and experimental reflection spectra. The results of this work can be useful for modeling and developing quasi-optical and integrated active devices of terahertz photonics.
In Phys. Rev. B 93, 140206(R) (2016), electron transport governed by nuclear tunneling was claimed to be a more realistic transport mechanism in semiconducting polymers as compared to Marcus and Miller-Abrahams transport mechanisms.

The conclusion was based on the analysis of the field-dependent charge carrier mobility.

We point out the unjustified simplification in the theoretical description of the electron transport governed by nuclear tunneling which caused such a conclusion.
Quantization is one of the most popular and widely used methods of speeding up a neural network. At the moment, the standard is 8-bit uniform quantization. Nevertheless, the use of uniform low-bit quantization (4- and 6-bit quantization) has significant advantages in speed and resource requirements for inference. We present our quantization algorithm that offers advantages when using uniform low-bit quantization. It is faster than quantization-aware training from scratch and more accurate than methods aimed only at selecting thresholds and reducing noise from quantization. We also investigated quantization noise in neural networks for low-bit quantization and concluded that quantization noise is not always a good metric for quantization quality.
Due to a high toxicity of nitrite and its metabolites, it is of high interest to study mechanisms underlying the low NO2 level maintenance in the cell. During anaerobic growth of Escherichia coli the main nitrite-reducing enzymes are NrfA and NirB nitrite reductases. NrfA reductase is localized in the cell periplasm and uses NO2 as an electron acceptor to create a proton gradient; NirB reductase is restricted to the cytoplasm and metabolizes excessive nitrite inside the cell, the uptake of which is mediated by the transporter protein NirC. While it is known that these three systems, periplasmic, cytoplasmic and transport, determine nitrite uptake and assimilation in the cell as well as its excretion, little is known about their co-ordination. Using a mathematical model describing the nitrite utilization in E. coli cells cultured in a flow chemostat, the role of enzymes involved in nitrite metabolism and transport in controlling nitrite intracellular levels was investigated. It was demonstrated that the model adapted to the experimental data on expression of nrfA and nirB genes encoding NrfA and NirB nitrite reductases, can describe nitrite accumulation kinetics in the chemostat in the millimolar range of added substrate concentrations without any additional assumptions. According to the model, in this range, low intracellular nitrite level, weakly dependent on its concentration in the growth media, is maintained (mcM). It is not sufficient to consider molecular-genetic mechanisms of NrfA reductase activity regulation to describe the nitrite accumulation dynamics in the chemostat in the micromolar range (≤1 mM) of added nitrite concentrations. Analysis of different hypotheses has shown that the mechanism of local enzyme concentration change due to membrane potential-induced diffusion from the cytoplasm to the periplasm at low nitrite levels is sufficient to explain the nitrite accumulation dynamics in the chemostat. At nitrite concentrations in the media more than 2 mM, the model adapted to the experimental data on nitrite utilization dynamics in E. coli cells cultured in the flow chemostat demonstrates the largest contribution of genetic mechanisms involved in nrf and nir operons activity regulation to the control of nitrite intracellular levels. The model predicts a significant contribution of the membrane potential to the periplasmic NrfA nitrite reductase activity regulation and nitrite utilization dynamics at substrate concentrations ≤1 mM.
Origin of the streaks is examined in the flat plate boundary layer at Mach 2. They arise due to the interaction of the weak shock waves with flow in vicinity of the flat plate leading edge. The process is accompanied by significant increase of the pulsation amplitudes in the boundary layer. The effect for the sharp leading edge is not so visible. The case of flat plate with blunted leading edge of 0.6 mm in radius is tested here. Results of the action of pair weak shock waves can be different and this finding is considered in the paper.
Modeling is based on a previously developed by the authors semi-analytical solution. The advantage of the solution over the earlier ones (based on the thermal growth model) is shown.

In this paper, the results of numerical calculations of a vapor bubble growth in superheated water at different pressures are presented. The results are verified by experimental data obtained at atmospheric and subatmospheric pressures.

The presented simulation results and experimental data are in good agreement.
The study and comparison of mutation(al) spectra is an important problem in molecular biology, because these spectra often reflect on important features of mutations and their fixation. Such features include the interaction of DNA with various mutagens, the function of repair/replication enzymes, and properties of target proteins. It is known that mutability varies significantly along nucleotide sequences, such that mutations often concentrate at certain positions, called "hotspots," in a sequence. In this paper, we discuss in detail two approaches for mutation spectra analysis: the comparison of mutation spectra with a HG-PUBL program, (FTP: sunsite.unc.edu/pub/academic/biology/dna-mutations/hyperg) and hotspot prediction with the CLUSTERM program (www.itba.mi.cnr.it/webmutation; ftp.bionet.nsc.ru/pub/biology/dbms/clusterm.zip). Several other approaches for mutational spectra analysis, such as the analysis of a target protein structure, hotspot context revealing, multiple spectra comparisons, as well as a number of mutation databases are briefly described. Mutation spectra in the lacI gene of E. coli and the human p53 gene are used for illustration of various difficulties of such analysis.
An experimental study of the temperature field on the surface of horizontal liquid layer (Ethanol) evaporating into gas flow (Air) has been performed. Temperature gradient of the gas-liquid interface has been measured with the help of Titanium 570M IR camera. Shear stresses on gas-liquid interface induced by thermocapillary effect and inert gas flow have been defined.
Industrial production disturbs the balance of an already delicate environment, and there is a negative impact on the microclimate in the area that is imposed due to cross-regional pollution. The essence of the problem is the movement of hazardous air pollutants throughout the atmosphere over the long distances, and the issue of government control over the air emissions acquires cross-regional significance. Additionally, particular attention should be paid to the question of payment for air emissions. Today, the economic instruments to reduce the negative environmental impact and to ensure compliance with the environmental regulations are only partially applied. All mentioned above underline the need for consideration of the given problem, which can be solved by the additinal method. Therefore, the authors of the present paper suggest a method to define the rate of air emissions fee (currently there are no rates applied). Besides, it should be stressed that this method would allow for effective calculation of payments for harmful pollutant discharge into air. The research outcomes can be used to further develop environmental regulations.
We perform an examination of discontinuities of multiple production amplitudes, which are required for further development of the BFKL approach. It turns out that the discontinuities of 2 $	o$ 2 + n amplitudes obtained in the BFKL approach contradict to the BDS ansatz for amplitudes with maximal helicity violation in N = 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory with large number of colours starting with n = 2.

Explicit expressions for the discontinuities of the 2 $	o$ 3 and 2 $	o$ 4 amplitudes in the invariant mass of pairs of produced gluons are obtained in the planar N=4 SYM in the next-to-leading logarithmic approximation.

These expressions can be used for checking the conjectured duality between the light-like Wilson loops and the MHV amplitudes.
User-friendly formal specification and verification of concurrent systems from various subject domains are active research topics due to their practical significance.

In this paper, we present the method for development of verification-oriented domain-specific process ontologies which are used to describe concurrent systems of subject domains. Our method is based on the verification-oriented process ontology. For constructing a domain-specific process ontology, our method uses techniques of semantic markup and pattern matching to associate domain-specific concepts with classes of the process ontology. We give detailed ontological specifications of these techniques.

One of advantages of such ontologies is their formal semantics which makes possible formal verification of described systems. Our method is illustrated by the example of developing a domain-specific ontology for typical elements of automatic control systems.