Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Proprietary results on preparation and studies of whole-cell and lysates-based heterogeneous biocatalysts with different enzymatic activity were reviewed. A peculiar method was developed for preparing these biocatalysts by immuring (entrapping) enzymatic active components (EAC) inside silica (SiO2) xerogel and nanocarbons-in-silica composites. Properties of the multi-component composite biocatalysts such as enzymatic activity and operational stability were compared. The effect of the inclusion of nanocarbons such as nanotubes, nanofibers, and onion-like nanospheres with various texture, nanostructure and dispersion were thoroughly studied. With invertase-active biocatalysts, the direct correlation between an increase in the enzymatic activity of the nanocarbons-in-silica biocatalyst and efficiency of EAC adhesion on nanocarbons was observed. The steady-state invertase activity of the baker yeast lysates-based biocatalysts was determined to increase by a factor of 5–6 after inclusion of the multi-walled carbon nanotubes inside SiO2-xerogel. With lipase-active biocatalysts, the effect of the included nanocarbons on the biocatalytic properties depended significantly on the reaction type. In interesterification of oil-fat blends, the biocatalysts without any included nanocarbons demonstrated the maximal lipase activity. In esterification of fatty acids with aliphatic alcohols, the activity of the biocatalysts increased by a factor of 1.5–2 after inclusion of the aggregated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) inside SiO2-xerogel. In the low-temperature synthesis of isopentyl esters of butyric (C4:0), capric (C10:0), and srearic (C18:0) fatty acids, the lipase-active composite CNTs-in-silica biocatalysts operated without loss of activity for more than thousand hours.
Рассматривается принцип действия разработанного прецизионного регулируемого источника постоянного тока 0-500 А, с возможностью рекуперации реактивной энергии индуктивной нагрузки в сеть.

В источнике использован инверторный принцип преобразования постоянного напряжения в напряжение с частотой 20 кГц с последующим синхронным выпрямлением.

Нестабильность выходного тока за 8 ч непрерывной работы составляет менее 0,01 % от номинального значения тока.Примененные схемотехнические решения позволяют уменьшить
Atom-optical interferometers based on the Ramsey-Bordé scheme are of great interest for the development of optical frequency standards. Ultracold Mg atoms are promising for the development of an optical frequency standard with relative uncertainty and long-term frequency instability at a level of 10 −17 − 10 −18 .

The results of theoretical and experimental studies aimed at the creation of matter wave interferometers with Mg atoms are presented. A long-term frequency stability of 3·10 −15 is obtained at an averaging time τ = 10 3 s while stabilizing the frequency of a 'clock' laser at 457 nm ( 1 S 0 → 3 P 1 transition) to narrow Ramsey-Bordé resonances of Mg atoms cooled and localized in a magneto-optical trap. The measured frequency stability is determined by the stability of the measurement system based on an optical frequency comb stabilized to the optical frequency of a Yb:YAG/I 2 standard.

We also present the results of theoretical studies aimed at the use of Mg atom interferometers based on Bragg diffraction for quantum sensing.
Cell migration is an important morphogenetic process necessary at different stages of individual development and body functioning. The initiation and maintenance of the cell movement state requires the activation of many factors involved in the regulation of transcription, signal transduction, adhesive interactions, modulation of membranes and the cytoskeleton. However, cell movement depends on the status of both migrating and surrounding cells, interacting with each other during movement. The surrounding cells or cell matrix not only form a substrate for movement, but can also participate in the spatio-temporal regulation of the migration. At present, there is no exact understanding of the genetic mechanisms of this regulation. To determine the role of the cell environment in the regulation of individual cell migration, we studied the migration of primordial germline cells (PGC) during early embryogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster. Normally, PGC are formed at the 3rd stage of embryogenesis at the posterior pole of the embryo. During gastrulation (stages 6–7), PGC as a consolidated cell group passively transfers into the midgut primordium. Further, PGC are individualized, acquire an amoeboid form, and actively move through the midgut epithelium and migrate to the 5–6 abdominal segment of the embryo, where they form paired embryonic gonads. We screened for genes expressed in the epithelium surrounding PGC during early embryogenesis and affecting their migration. We identified the myc, Hph, stat92E, Tre-1, and hop genes, whose RNA interference leads to premature active PGC migration at stages 4–7 of embryogenesis. These genes can be divided into two groups: 1) modulators of JAK/STAT pathway activity inducing PGC migration (stat92E, Tre-1, hop), and 2) myc and Hph involved in epithelial morphogenesis and polarization, i.e. modifying the permeability of the epithelial barrier. Since a depletion of each of these gene products resulted in premature PGC migration, we can conclude that, normally, the somatic environment negatively regulates PGC migration during early Drosophila embryogenesis.
Two-phase flows of distilled deionized nanofiltered water and nitrogen gas in a microchannel with a height of 50 μm and a width of 10 mm have been investigated experimentally. The schlieren method has been used to determine main features of the two-phase flow in the microchannel. This method allows detecting the liquid film on the lower and upper walls of the microchannel as well as droplets of various shapes and sizes or vertical liquid bridges. Two-phase flow regimes have been observed, and their boundaries precisely determined using post-processing of the recordings. The following flow regimes have been distinguished: bubble, churn, jet, stratified and annular. Comparison of regime maps for channels of different widths has been carried out, and this parameter showed to have a significant impact on the boundaries between the regimes in microchannels of a height of less than 100 μm.
Purpose. The archeological study of Siberia started in the 18th century by the employees of the scientific expeditions initiated by the senior state bodies. I. G. Gmelin belonged to the Second Kamchatka Expedition and drew up a description of the Uenskoe Fortress in the Novosibirsk Ob River region. Until now, A. P. Umansky, T. N. Troitskaya and A. P. Borodovskiy were engaged in determining the location of this archaeological site. They made several hypotheses that turned out to be incorrect. The article determines the reasons for the failures of these researchers: a fragmentary translation of the source text, inaccuracies in the translation and ignoring data on the Abakhanskoe Zimovie (small russian settlement) ground. This paper is devoted to the results of the research within the framework of which the location of the Uenskoe Fortress was determined and the fortress itself was identified with one of the archeological sites discovered earlier. Within the framework of fulfillment of this task, one localized the Abakhanskoe Zimovie as this item of the 18th century is very important for localizing the Uenskoe Fortress. Results. J. G. Gmelin’s itineraries were published in Germany in 1751 and 1752 (in Göttingen) and have not been republished and translated into Russia since then, so the article contains an abstract of the book translated into Russia that is related to the performed study. At the first stage one managed to localize the Abakhanskoe Zimovie that was located in the western part of the modern suburban settlement of Starodubrovino, Moshkovo district, Novosibirsk region. Then according to the reference points provided by J. G. Gmelin and associated with the Abakhanskoe Zimovie, one determined the location of the Uenskoe Fortress in the western part of Cherny Mys to the north from the Zimovie. Afterwards, one compared the description of the fortress compiled by J. G. Gmelin and those fortresses discovered in this area earlier. It was determined that the author of the itinerary described the archeological object of Dubrovinsky Borok-6 dating back to 500–400 BC. Conclusion. The experience in analyzing J. G. Gmelin’sitinerary in terms of localization of the Abakhanskoe Zimovie and the Uenskoe Fortress showed that the quantitative data as well as information related to the cardinal directions are rather approximate. Based on such data, it would be impossible to achieve the research objectives. Here one also discovered a mount on which the already studied archeological sites were located.
Let w k be the minimum degree sum of a path on k vertices in a graph.

We prove for normal plane maps that:

(1) if w 2 = 6, then w 3 may be arbitrarily big, (2) if w 2 > 6, then either w 3 ≤ 18 or there is a ≤ 15-vertex adjacent to two 3-vertices, and (3) if w 2 > 7, then w 3 ≤ 17.
We calculate in the next-to-leading approximation the nonforward gluon impact factors for an arbitrary color state in the t channel.

In the case of the octet state we check the so-called ``second bootstrap condition'' for gluon Reggeization in QCD, using the integral representation for the impact factors.

The condition is satisfied in the general case of an arbitrary space-time dimension and massive quark flavors for both helicity conserving and nonconserving parts.
Auxin-inducible degron (AID) system is a promising tool for dynamic protein degradation. In mammalian cells, this approach has become indispensable to study fundamental molecular functions, such as replication, chromatin dynamics or transcription, that are otherwise difficult to dissect.

We present evaluation of the two prominent AID systems based on OsTIR1 and AtAFB2 auxin receptor F-box proteins (AFBs). We analyzed degradation dynamics of cohesin/condensin complexes subunits in mouse embryonic stem cells (mRad21, mSMC2, mCapH, mCapH2) and human haploid HAP1 line (hRad21, hSMC2). Double antibiotic selection helped to achieve high homozygous AID targeting efficiency for all genes, ranging from 11 to 77%. We found that the main challenge for successful protein degradation is obtaining cell clones with high and stable AFB expression levels due to mosaic expression of AFBs, which also tends to decline with passages in the absence of constant puromycin selection, even at the AAVS1 safe-harbor locus.

Comparing two AFBs, we found that OsTIR1 system showed weak dynamics of protein degradation. At the same time, AtAFB2 approach was very efficient even in random integration. Other factors such as degradation dynamics and low basal depletion were also in favor of AtAFB2 system. Our main conclusion is that repeated addition of puromycin to culture medium prevents AtAFB2 silencing and restores auxin sensitivity, facilitating robust protein degradation. We hope that our report will be useful for researchers that plan to establish AID method in their lab.
The leaf epidermis of a monocotyledonous plant is a widely used model system for studying the differentiation of plant cells, as it contains readily observable specialized cells.

The approach proposed in this paper uses a growing cereal leaf to study stress-induced dynamic changes in morphogenesis. In studying the cellular architecture of the wheat leaf epidermis, we obtained and processed confocal 3D images of wheat leaves stained with fluorescent dyes. This procedure allows an accurate morphometric description and determination of quantitative characteristics of the leaf epidermal pattern.

We show significant aberrations of stomatal morphogenesis in the epidermis of boot leaves of wheat varieties Saratovskaya 29 and Yanetskis Probat in response to cold stress. We found that nonfunctional stomata predominated in the zone of maximum manifestation of stress, whereas in the zones formed before and after the stress impact, the developmental anomalies come to the disturbance in the morphogenesis of subsidiary cells. In Saratovskaya 29, a significant amount of ectopic trichomes formed in rows predetermined to stoma formation. The proposed approach can provide standardized qualitative and quantitative data on stress-induced morphogenesis aberrations in wheat leaf epidermis.
Zircon from Tomtor syenites and kamaphorites was dated following the U-Pb method (SHRIMP-II), and the distribution of trace and rare-earth elements (REE) was studied at the same zircon point using an ion microprobe. The main zircon population from syenites was dated at 402 ± 7 Ma, while the age range of single zircon grains was 700–660 Mа. Different-aged zircon groups from syenites exhibited the characteristics of magmatic zircon, but their concentrations of REE and other trace elements differed markedly. The REE distribution in 700–660-Mа zircon is consistent with that of the typical zircon from syenites (Belousova et al., 2002), while the heavy rare-earth elements (HREE), P, Ti, and Y concentrations of ca. 400-Ma zircon differ from those of older zircon. This is the first isotope-geochemical study of zircon from kamaphorites, and the U-Pb age of ca. 400 Mа is within the error limits with of the main zircon population from syenites. The considerable enrichment of REE, Cа, Ti, Sr, Y, Nb, and Ba in zircon from kamaphorites may be partly due to the presence of burbankite microinclusions. The trace-element distribution pattern of zircon from kamaphorites is very similar to the geochemical characteristics of zircon from Tiksheozero carbonatites (Tichomirowa et al., 2013). The new age dates for Tomtor syenites and kamaphorites, consistent with 700–660 Mа and ca. 400 Mа events, support the zircon (Vladykin et al., 2014) and pyrochlore (Antonov et al., 2017) age dates determined following the U-Pb method and those of biotite obtained following the 40Ar-39Ar method (Vladykin et al., 2014).
During normal physics operation this background arises mainly from scattering of the 4 TeV protons on residual gas in the beam pipe.

Methods of reconstructing the BIB signals in the ATLAS detector, developed and implemented in the simulation chain based on the FLUKA Monte Carlo simulation package, are described. The interaction rates are determined from the residual gas pressure distribution in the LHC ring in order to set an absolute scale on the predicted rates of BIB so that they can be compared quantitatively with data.

Through these comparisons the origins of the BIB leading to different observables in the ATLAS detectors are analysed. The level of agreement between simulation results and BIB measurements by ATLAS in 2012 demonstrates that a good understanding of the origin of BIB has been reached.
This article focuses on the development of the method for the genetic classification of agamospermous reproduction types in plants using sugar beet as an example.

The classification feasibility is ensured by the use of isozymes as genetic markers allowing the identification of all three phenotypic classes in the progeny of individual heterozygous diploid plant and is based on different phenotypic class ratios in the progenies obtained by meiotic and mitotic agamospermy.

The data indicate that for studied forms of sugar beet meiotic agamospermy is the more typical because 10 of 12 explored progenies were classified as those which arisen under meiotic agamospermy and only 2 as arisen under mitotic agamospermy.
The results of numerical calculation by the RANS and LES methods of turbulent separated flow in a flat channel with a back-facing step are presented.

The calculation was carried out for Reynolds number Re = 5000, determined by the average mass velocity and the step height.

The effect of vortex generators in the form of a transverse rib on the heat transfer intensity has been studied, and the data obtained are compared with experiment.
User-friendly formal specification and verification of concurrent systems from various subject domains are active research topics due to their practical significance.In this paper, we present the method for development of verification-oriented domain-specific process ontologies which are used to describe concurrent systems of subject domains.One of advantages of such ontologies is their formal semantics which makes possible formal verification of described systems.Our method is based on the verification-oriented process ontology.For constructing a domain-specific process ontology, our method uses techniques of semantic markup and pattern matching to associate domain-specific concepts with classes of the process ontology.We give detailed ontological specifications of these techniques.Our method is illustrated by the example of developing a domain-specific ontology for typical elements of automatic control systems.
There is much scholarly research about the impact of popular culture messages regarding fatness on people, but there is limited study on peopleâ€™s attitudes to those fat-shaming messages.

This article looks through this memoir to find out Roxane Gayâ€™s attitude towards these messages in showing how people accept, react, and subvert these messages. This study will present this memoir as a manifestation of the prevailing negative representations of fat people in popular culture and how Gay, before and after being fat, responds to those fat-shaming messages produced by popular culture.

This article, under the umbrella of Fat Studies, will discuss how Gay, because of her fatness, has been treated as other and marginalized in popular culture and how she presents herself as a proponent of Fat Studies. This research, discussing Gay's attitude to popular culture messages regarding fatness, willshow how Gay, through this memoir, protests against fat-shaming messages and how she becomes the voice of every fat person.
The predissociation dynamics of superexcited iodine

studied by femtosecond ion imaging spectroscopy

providing direct control of wavepacket propagation in ion-pair states
The paper presents the results of an experimental investigation of supersonic flow around a solid cylinder with a gas-permeable porous insert on its front end and of supersonic flow around a hollow cylinder with internal porous inserts in the presence of heating of the porous material. The experiments were performed in a supersonic wind tunnel with Mach number 4.85 and 7 with porous inserts of cellular-porous nickel. The results of measurements on the filtration stand of the air filtration rate through the cellular-porous nickel when it is heated are also shown. For a number of experiments, numerical modeling based on the skeletal model of a cellular-porous material was carried out.
On structures in hypergraphs of models of a theory Hypergraphs of models of a theory are derived objects allowing toobtain an essential structural information about both giventheories and related semantic objects including graph ones.In the present paper we define and study structural properties of hypergraphs of modelsof a theory including lattice ones.Characterizations for thelattice properties of hypergraphs of models of a theory, as wellas for structures on sets of isomorphism types of models of atheory, are given.
Series of 2-pyridyl substituted [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5- a ]azines have been synthesized by reaction of cyanopyridines with N -aminoazinium mesitylenesulfonates under basic conditions. The reaction proceeds smoothly with pyridinium, 1,10-phenanthrolinium and 8-oxyquinolinium salts. In case of quinolinium and isoquinolinium salts dimers of corresponding N -imines were isolated. Pyrazinium- and pyridazinium- N -imines didn’t possess any reactivity toward cyanopyridines.

DFT studies give high activation barriers for 4-cyanopyridine cycloaddition to quinolinium and pyrazinium- N -imnes as well as highly negative free energy of dimerisation for quinolinium and isoquinolinium- N -imnes.

The reaction proceeds smoothly with pyridinium, 1,10-phenanthrolinium and 8-oxyquinolinium salts. In case of quinolinium and isoquinolinium salts dimers of corresponding N -imines were isolated. Pyrazinium- and pyridazinium- N -imines didn’t possess any reactivity toward cyanopyridines. DFT studies give high activation barriers for 4-cyanopyridine cycloaddition to quinolinium and pyrazinium- N -imnes as well as highly negative free energy of dimerisation for quinolinium and isoquinolinium- N -imnes.
A silicon subwavelengh terahertz axicon has been designed, fabricated, and investigated by methods of numerical and optical experiments. The research has been performed on a free-electron laser workstation NOVOFEL (Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics of SB RAS, Novosibirsk). Diffractive and polarization features of realized element have been investigated.
Every year, the list of mammalian species for which cultures of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are generated increases. PSCs are a unique tool for extending the limits of experimental studies and modeling different biological processes.

In this work, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from the hybrids of common voles Microtus levis and Microtus arvalis, which are used as model objects to study genome organization on the molecular-genetic level and the mechanisms of X-chromosome inactivation, have been generated. Vole iPSCs were isolated and cultured in a medium containing cytokine LIF, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), ascorbic acid, and fetal bovine serum. Undifferentiated state of vole iPSCs is maintained by activation of their endogenous pluripotency genes - Nanog, Oct4, Sox2, Sall4, and Esrrb.

The cells were able to maintain undifferentiated state for at least 28 passages without change in their morphology and give rise to three germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm) upon differentiation.