Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
The anomalous magnetic moment of the muon is one of the most precisely measured quantities in experimental particle physics. Its latest measurement at Brookhaven National Laboratory deviates from the Standard Model expectation by approximately 3.5 standard deviations.

The goal of the new experiment, E989, now under construction at Fermilab, is a fourfold improvement in precision.

Here, we discuss the details of the future measurement and its current status.
The growing interest in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for assessing regional lung function relies on the use of nuclear spin hyperpolarized gas as a contrast agent.
The dynamics of the J PC = 0 -+ ,0 ++ , and 2 ++ resonance contributions to the decay $ J/\psi {\rm{ }} \to {\rm{ }}\gamma X\left( {{J^P}} \right) \to {\rm{ }}\gamma \phi \phi $ is analysed using the data obtained by BESIII collaboration.

The effective coupling constants parameterising invariant amplitudes of the transitions $ J/\psi {\rm{ }} \to {\rm{ }}\gamma X\left( {{J^{PC}}} \right) $ and $ X\left( {{J^P}} \right) \to {\rm{ }}\phi \phi $ and masses $ X\left( {{J^P}} \right) $ of found from the fits are used

to plot $ \phi \phi $ the mass spectrum of each J PC component.
A residual disorder in the gate system is the main problem on the way to create artificial graphene based on two-dimensional electron gas. The disorder can be significantly screened/reduced due to the many-body effects. To analyse the screening/disorder problem we consider AlGaAs/GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure with two metallic gates. We demonstrate that the design least susceptible to the disorder corresponds to the weak coupling regime (opposite to tight binding) which is realised via a system of quantum anti-dots. The most relevant type of disorder is the area disorder which is a random variation of areas of quantum anti-dots. The area disorder results in the formation of puddles. Other types of disorder, the position disorder and the shape disorder, are practically irrelevant. The formation/importance of puddles dramatically depends on the parameters of the nanopatterned heterostructure. A variation of the parameters by 20–30% can change the relative amplitude of puddles by orders of magnitude. Based on this analysis we formulate criteria for the acceptable design of the heterostructure aimed at the creation of the artificial graphene.
The article is devoted to the study of didactic practices used by Russian teachers of the 19 th -21 st centuries to implement a problem approach in teaching history.Cognitive tasks are one of the main tools of problem-based history teaching.For the first time they were developed by I.Ya.Lerner.The heyday of the genre occurred in the 1990s.It was then that collections of cognitive tasks on history began to be called "problem books".The most famous of them were the problem books of S.G.Smirnov, A.T. Stepanishchev and S.G.Goryainov.If the tasks of I.Y.Lerner were distinguished by their binding to a specific educational and methodological context and information minimalism, then the problem books of the 1990s assumed possession of broad historical contexts and the presence of erudition that went beyond the school course.The tasks have become more diverse from a methodological point of view.In the 2000s -2010s, historical tasks (with a division into cognitive and problematic ones) became a permanent section of basic educational and methodological complexes.History problem books began to be used in universities, and their subjects became more specialized.There were problem books devoted to certain historical periods, certain topics of national and regional history.Published in 2021, the taskbook edited by E.V. Burlutskaya for the first time in the history of the genre turned out to focus not on event history, but on the history of everyday life.However, there is a level of history teaching at which it is impossible to use tasks -this is the level of formation of the initial fund of knowledge.On it, the educational material is assimilated in a "ready-made form", receptively, through its presentation during explanations by the teacher.In search of ways to implement the problem approach at this level, it will be useful to turn to the legacy of Russian pedagogy of the 19th century, namely to the pedagogical experiments of V.A. Zhukovsky.Organizing the teaching of history to the heir to the throne, and later to his own children, Zhukovsky developed special tables (still unpublished) in which historical material was encoded using a special system of signs.Unlike A.F. Yazvinsky, Zhukovsky managed to combine the clarity of the table and the coherence of the narrative.The encoding and decoding of the text, the folding of the word into a symbol and the unfolding of the symbol into a word formed the essence of his didactic tools and allowed to * Долгушин Дмитрий Владимирович, доктор филологических наук, Новосибирский государственный университет, Новосибирск, Россия,
The study aimed to analyze the mRNA levels of Snca and Bdnf genes in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and raphe nuclei of the midbrain in male mice that had each won or defeated 20 encounters in daily agonistic interactions. Groups of animals that had the same winning and losing track record followed by a no-fight period for 14 days were also studied. Snca mRNA levels were increased in the raphe nuclei in the losers and in the VTA of the winners. After fighting deprivation Snca mRNA levels were decreased to the control level in both groups. Snca mRNA levels were similar to the control level in the VTA of the losers and in the raphe nuclei of the winners. However Snca gene expression was increased in these areas after no-fight period in the winners and losers in comparison with respective mRNA levels in the undeprived animals. Significant positive correlations were found between the mRNA levels of Snca and Bdnf genes in the raphe nuclei. It was concluded, that social experience affects Snca gene expression depending on brain areas and functional activity of monoaminergic systems in chronically victorious or defeated mice.
This work demonstrates the methane clusters formation in supersonic free jets of methane mixtures with helium and argon. The dependence of the clusterization process properties on the carrier gas, the volume fraction of methane in the mixture at the selected of gas jet parameters is shown. Impact of the methane dissociative ionization, and methane clusters fragmentation in the detector of the mass spectrometer on the process of condensation was demonstrated. The presence of protonated cluster ions of methane and the increase in their proportion with growing size of clusters was established. The formation of cluster ions with an attached methyl, methylene or methylidene was discovered.
Bacteriophage T7 early transcripts were used as carriers of alkylating groups to affect complementary T7 DNA sites for inducing mutations in preselected genes.

A heterofunctional polyalkylating agent N,N,N'-tri-(beta-chloroethyl)-N'-(p-formylphenyl)propylene diamine-1,3 was attached to 3-5% of the transcript nucleotides. The controlled alkylating groups carried on RNA were activated after RNA . DNA hybridization. The modified transcripts were shown to hybridize only with the complementary H strand and to form covalently bound R loops in the appropriate T7 sites. The T7 DNA molecules locally alkylated by the modified transcripts of gene 1.3 coding for T7 ligase were packaged into T7 proteins and used to infect Escherichia coli B. As judged by plating efficiency and the ligase-deficient E. coli BL2 strain, 4 of 140 plaques obtained after infection contained mutants defective in gene 1.3 in amounts of 0.7-1.5%. The T7 DNA locally alkylated by the modified transcripts of gene 0.3 and 1.1 were used for the transfection of E. coli C1757. Analysis of 24 plaques produced by transfection indicated that 3 contained mutants defective in gene 0.3 in amounts of 2-10%. The mutants had also a second unidentified mutation. Complementation analysis data suggest that the second mutation is due to a defect in gene 1.1.

The results obtained demonstrate the efficiency of the approach developed for gene-directed mutagenesis.
This paper presents the results of measuring the duration of the zone of high electrical conductivity during detonation of RDX of different density. It is shown that the density of RDX has a weak effect on the duration of this zone.
Jet cooling is one of the effective and active methods for thermal control of electronic devices. The paper presents experimental data of the study of heat transfer during multi-jet cooling of a LED module at a power of 100 – 300 W. The influence of the coolant temperature at the inlet on the heat transfer enhancement is investigated. It is shown that with increasing power, the temperature inhomogeneity along the LED surface increases. A significant effect of the coolant inlet temperature on the heat transfer enhancement is shown. Water is used as a coolant. The surface temperature of the LED module is shown to be by 10 °C lower for the coolant inlet temperature of 10 °C in comparison with the coolant inlet temperature of 25 °C at a LED power of 300 W.
Modern industry and science require novel 3D optical measuring systems and laser technologies with micro/nanometer resolution for solving actual problems. Such systems, including the 3D dimensional inspection of ceramic parts for electrotechnical industry, laser inspection of wheel pair diagnostic for running trains and 3D superresolution low-coherent micro- /nanoprofilometers are presented. The newest results in the field of laser technologies for high-precision synthesis of microstructures by updated image generator using the semiconductor laser are given. The measuring systems and the laser image generator developed and produced by TDI SIE and IAE SB RAS have been tested by customers and used in different branches of industry and science.
Microreactors attract a significant interest for chemical synthesis due to the benefits of small scales such as high surface to volume ratio, rapid thermal ramping, and well‐understood laminar flows.

The suitability of atomic layer deposition for application of both the nanoparticle catalyst and the support material on the surfaces of channels of microfabricated silicon microreactors is demonstrated in this research. Continuous‐flow hydrogenation of propene into propane at low temperatures with TiO 2 ‐supported catalytic Pt nanoparticles was used as a model reaction. Reaction yield and mass transport were monitored by high‐sensitivity microcoil NMR spectroscopy as well as time‐of‐flight remote detection NMR imaging.

The microreactors were shown to be very efficient in propene conversion into propane. The yield of 100 % was achieved at 50 °C with a reactor decorated with Pt nanoparticles of average size of roughly 1 nm and surface coverage of 3.2 % in 20 mm long reaction channels with a residence time of 1100 ms. The activity of the Pt catalyst surfaces was on the order of several to tens of mmol s −1 m −2 .
The copper-containing agates of the Avacha Bay (Eastern Kamchatka, Russia) have been investigated in this study.

Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, electron microprobe analysis, X-ray powder diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and fluid inclusions were used to investigate the samples.

It was found that copper mineralization in agates is represented by native copper, copper sulphides (chalcocite, djurleite, digenite, anilite, yarrowite, rarely chalcopyrite) and cuprite. In addition to copper minerals, sphalerite and native silver were also found in the agates. Native copper is localized in a siliceous matrix in the form of inclusions usually less than 100 microns in size—rarely up to 1 mm—forming dendrites and crystals of a cubic system. Copper sulphides are found in the interstices of chalcedony often cementing the marginal parts of spherule aggregates of silica. In addition, they fill the micro veins, which occupy a cross-cutting position with respect to the concentric bands of chalcedony. The idiomorphic appearance of native copper crystals and clear boundaries with the silica matrix suggest their simultaneous crystallization. Copper sulphides, cuprite, and barite micro veins indicate a later deposition. Raman spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction results demonstrated that the Avacha Bay agates contained cristobalite in addition to quartz and moganite. The fluid inclusions study shows that the crystalline quartz in the center of the nodule in agates was formed with the participation of solutions containing a very low salt concentration (<0.3 wt.% NaCl equivalent) at the temperature range 110–50 °C and below. The main salt components were CaCl2 and NaCl, with a probable admixture of MgCl2. The copper mineralization in the agates of the Avacha Bay established in the volcanic strata can serve as a direct sign of their metallogenic specialization.
––Here we report the first data on the absolute intensity value of the geomagnetic field on the Permian–Triassic boundary from basalts of the Kuznetsk basin. The latter are considered as one of the manifestations of the initial stage of trap magmatism during the formation of the Siberian large igneous province. The good preservation of information on the ancient geomagnetic field in the Mal’tsevskaya Formation basalts is due to the presence of small single domain and pseudo-single domain grains of primary magmatic titanomagnetite in the groundmass. The paleointensity values obtained following the Thellier-Coe method correspond to the generally accepted criteria of reliability and indicate that the geomagnetic field intensity during the formation of the Kuznetsk basin traps on the Permian–Triassic boundary was almost an order of magnitude lower than the present-day one. Moreover, the mean values of the virtual dipole moment for the Kozhukhta and the Vlasov units in the lower and middle Mal’tsevskaya Formation ((1.9 ± 0.6) ⋅ 1022 A ⋅ m2 and (1.1 ± 0.7) ⋅ 1022 A ⋅ m2, respectively) are in good alignment with determinations of the paleointensity during the accumulation of the Ivakinsky Formation of the Norilsk Region in the Siberian province, which confirms the accuracy of traditional regional correlations.
This paper is devoted to the description of a new block cipher that will be applicable in the post-quantum era and will not need a lot of resources.The main advantages: probabilistic encryption, the cipher block chaining mode, the ability to transfer to distributed systems.All this combined with the use of PRNG, working on the Cremona transformations, has significantly increased the cryptographic strength and increased the scope of this encryption.
The electric dipole (ED) and magnetic dipole (MD) resonances in a slab of dielectric nanostructures induced by oblique light incidence were analyzed in terms of guided-mode wave theory for transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) polarization. Owing to the symmetry breaking in TE and TM polarizations at oblique incidences of light, the resonance modes produced different features, which were analyzed with comprehensive studies of energy fluxes associated with the resonance modes. The MD resonances are excited by the guided-mode wave with an energy flux in the opposite direction in the incident plane for TM polarization and excited by two guided-mode waves with energy fluxes orthogonal to the incident plane for TE polarized light. Meanwhile, the ED resonances are excited by the guided-mode waves with energy fluxes in both directions, incident plane, and out of the incident plane for both TE and TM polarizations. The proposed analyses provide clear explanations of the stability or vanishing of resonance modes, with variations in the inter-distance between nanostructures near the Rayleigh anomaly condition, which were verified by the experimental measurements performed with 2D arrays of Si nanostructures for various incident angles with TE and TM polarizations.
The global miniaturization leads to microchannels flows be perspective for novel cooling technologies. The problem of the drag reduction occurs in such systems.

The two-dimensional Poiseuille flow in microchannel with Navier slip condition is considered. The presence of bubbles with 1 μm size on hydrophobic parts on the bottom wall of the channel is assumed for the problem.

The calculations of the liquid flow rate and velocity depending on the slip length at the bottom wall have been done.
We propose a method for implementation of an universal set of one- and two-quantum-bit gates for quantum computation in the system of two coupled electrons with constant non-diagonal exchange interaction.

Suppression of the exchange interaction is offered to implement by all-the-time repetition of single spin rotations. Small g-factor difference of electrons allows to address qubits and to avoid strong magnetic field pulses. To find the evolution of the two-qubit system, we use the algorithms of the optimal control theory.

It is shown by means of numerical experiments that for implementation of one- and two-qubit operations it is sufficient to change the amplitude of the magnetic field within a few Gauss, introducing in a resonance one and then the other electron.
The magmatic sulfide deposits in the Central Asian orogenic belt are hosted in a series of mafic–ultramafic intrusions in the Maksut zone (E Kazakhstan), the Kalatongke and the Huangshan zones in Xinjiang (NW China) and the Hongqiling zone in NE China.

In the Maksut zone there are several intrusions, the best studied from which is the South Maksut intrusion with Cu–Ni–PGE mineralization.
Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation catalyzed by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) is one of the immediate cellular responses to DNA damage. The histone PARylation factor 1 (HPF1) discovered recently to form a joint active site with PARP1 and PARP2 was shown to limit the PARylation activity of PARPs and stimulate their NAD + -hydrolase activity. Here we demonstrate that HPF1 can stimulate the DNA-dependent and DNA-independent autoPARylation of PARP1 and PARP2 as well as the heteroPARylation of histones in the complex with nucleosome. The stimulatory action is detected in a defined range of HPF1 and NAD + concentrations at which no HPF1-dependent enhancement in the hydrolytic NAD + consumption occurs. PARP2, comparing with PARP1, is more efficiently stimulated by HPF1 in the autoPARylation reaction and is more active in the heteroPARylation of histones than in the automodification, suggesting a specific role of PARP2 in the ADP-ribosylation-dependent modulation of chromatin structure. Possible role of the dual function of HPF1 in the maintaining PARP activity is discussed.
Physical systems with co-existence and interplay of processes featuring distinct spatio-temporal scales are found in various research areas ranging from studies of brain activity to astrophysics. Complexity of such systems makes their theoretical and experimental analysis technically and conceptually challenging. Here, we discover that radiation of partially mode-locked fibre lasers, while being stochastic and intermittent on short time scale, exhibits periodicity and long scale correlations over slow evolution from one round trip to another. The evolution mapping of intensity auto-correlation function allows us to reveal variety of spatio-temporal coherent structures and to experimentally study their symbiotic co-existence with stochastic radiation. Our measurements of interactions of noisy pulses over a time scale of thousands of non-linear lengths demonstrate that they have features of incoherent temporal solitons. Real-time measurements of spatio-temporal intensity dynamics are set to bring new insight into rich underlying nonlinear physics of practical active- and passive-cavity photonic systems.
It’s good known the difference in 3.5 sigma between the muon (g – 2) experimental result and its calculation in Standard Model. To clarify this intriguing discrepancy the new stage of muon (g – 2) measurement is under preparation at Fermi National Laboratory.

On other hand, regular data taking for measurements of hadron cross section production in e+ e− annihilations is under way since December 2010 at the electron-positron collider VEPP-2000 with the CMD-3 and SND detectors. The collected data sample corresponds to about 60 inverse picobarns of integrated luminosity per detector in the energy range from 0.32 up to 2 GeV.

Preliminary analysis of various hadronic cross sections has been performed.
We provide a detailed evaluation of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) parameters of the cis- and trans-isomers of azobenzene (AB). For determining the NMR parameters, such as proton–proton and proton–nitrogen J-couplings and chemical shifts, we compared NMR spectra of three different isotopomers of AB: the doubly 15N labeled azobenzene, 15N,15N′-AB, and two partially deuterated AB isotopomers with a single 15N atom. For the total lineshape analysis of NMR spectra, we used the recently developed ANATOLIA software package. The determined NMR parameters allowed us to optimize experiments for investigating singlet long-lived spin states (LLSs) of 15N spin pairs and to measure LLS lifetimes in cis-AB and trans-AB. Magnetization-to-singlet-to-magnetization conversion has been performed using the SLIC and APSOC techniques, providing a degree of conversion up to 17 and 24% of the initial magnetization, respectively. Our approach is useful for optimizing the performance of experiments with singlet LLSs; such LLSs can be exploited for preserving spin hyperpolarization, for probing slow molecular dynamics, slow chemical processes and also slow transport processes.
It is well known that psychoemotional disorders may be accompanied by decreased sociability in humans. It has been shown that repeated social defeats in 10 daily agonistic interactions in male mice led to development of the expressed level of anxiety and to reduction of communication estimated in the elevated plus-maze and partition tests, respectively.

In the social interactions test, sociable behavior toward unfamiliar partner and exploratory activity were dramatically decreased in defeated male mice. Avoidance of approaching partner was significantly increased. Demonstration of self-grooming behavior was increased in defeated males. Chronic diazepam treatment (0.5 mg/kg, i.p., 2 weeks) led to significant decrease of anxiety level estimated in the elevated plus maze test and to improvement of communication in the partition test. In the social interaction test diazepam completely restored the level of sociability and exploratory activity and reduced avoidance behavior of approaching partner. Diazepam did not affect self-grooming demonstration.

It is concluded that main factor which provokes decrease in communication in defeated male mice is the high level of anxiety. Similarity between changes in social behavior in defeated mice and symptoms of autism in humans is discussed. It is supposed that this behavioral approach may be useful for studying the molecular mechanisms of autistic spectrum disorders, developing under chronic negative social experiences.
We deal with two independent random walks with subexponential distributions of their increments.

We study the tail distributional asymptotics for the sum of their partial maxima within random time intervals. Assuming the distributions of the lengths of these intervals to be relatively small, with respect to that of the increments of the random walks,

we show that the sum of the maxima takes a large value mostly due a large value of a single summand (this is the so-called 'principle of a single big jump').