Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Positive environmental and technological contexts make dry methane reforming (DMR) an extensively studied reaction. During this process two main greenhouse gases CH 4 and CO 2 can be simultaneously converted into syngas – a mixture of CO and H 2 . Supported-nickel is one of the most frequently applied DMR catalysts. Their activity depends mainly on Ni concentration, kind of its precursor and a deposition method. As DMR is a demanding high-temperature reaction, it requires not only an active but first a very stable catalyst. Structural, textural and functional properties of such support remain thus of crucial efficiency.

Main aim of this work was to elucidate how the synthesis of CeO 2 -ZrO 2 support obtained by supercritical fluid method ( i.e. at temperature of 400°C under a pressure of 25 MPa), can influence the properties of Ni-based DMR catalysts. The supports of various compositions (CeO 2 content from 100 to 0 %), subsequently calcined at 800°C for 6h in air have been analyzed. Nickel was deposited from nitrate(V) precursor via classical wet impregnation. The final catalysts have been characterized structurally (XRD, RS), texturally (BET, SEM) and functionally (UV/Vis-DR, XPS).

Catalytic tests in dry methane reforming reaction have been performed to determine activity and stability of the synthesized samples.
Remarkable mathematical properties of the integrable nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) can offer advanced solutions for the mitigation of nonlinear signal distortions in optical fiber links. Fundamental optical soliton, continuous, and discrete eigenvalues of the nonlinear spectrum have already been considered for the transmission of information in fiber-optic channels.

Here, we propose to apply signal modulation to the kernel of the Gelfand-Levitan-Marchenko equations that offers the advantage of a relatively simple decoder design. First, we describe an approach based on exploiting the general N-soliton solution of the NLSE for simultaneous coding of N symbols involving 4×N coding parameters. As a specific elegant subclass of the general schemes, we introduce a soliton orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (SOFDM) method. This method is based on the choice of identical imaginary parts of the N-soliton solution eigenvalues, corresponding to equidistant soliton frequencies, making it similar to the conventional OFDM scheme, thus, allowing for the use of the efficient fast Fourier transform algorithm to recover the data.

Then, we demonstrate how to use this new approach to control signal parameters in the case of the continuous spectrum.
In the manuscript we report on characterization of single-crystalline (111) plates prepared from type Ib diamonds with nitrogen content of 100-150 ppm and (100) plates prepared from IIa diamond by means of high-resolution rocking curve imaging (RCI). Contrary to a common opinion about intrinsic poor diffraction quality of type Ib diamonds, RCI showed the presence of nearly defect-free areas of several mm2 in the central part of the (111)-oriented diamond plates. In comparison with the (100)-oriented IIa diamond plates prepared by the same HPHT setup the Ib diamonds possess better diffraction quality. The observed broadening of the rocking curves associates with the cutting and polishing processes, causing strains around the edges of the plates and rare defects. An improvement of preparation technique will thus allow to make single-crystalline diamond plates for Laue and Bragg monochromators and beam splitters from type Ib diamond with areas large enough to be used as wavefront-preserving optical elements at 4th generation synchrotron facilities. Contrary to a common opinion about intrinsically poor diffraction quality of type I diamonds, RCI showed the presence of nearly defect-free areas of several mm2 in the central part of the diamond plates. The observed broadening of the rocking curves results from the cutting and polishing processes, causing strains around the edges of the plates and rare defects. An improvement of preparation technique will thus allow to make single-crystalline diamond plates for Laue and Bragg monochromators and beam splitters from type Ib material with areas large enough to be used as optical elements at 4th generation synchrotron facilities.
The problems of using the hot-wire method for studying fluctuations in flows are considered when standard approaches and conventional modes cannot be used due to constraints caused either by the flow parameters or by the characteristics and conditions of the experiments.

Examples of measurements under conditions of extremely low pressures and beyond the limits of the continuity of the medium in the CO2-laser are given; The use of data of hot-wire measurements for the determination of sources of disturbances in test sections of high-speed wind tunnels is shown; the design of a probe for measurement of concentration of components of the binary gas mixture is described, etc.
We measure the direct CP violation asymmetry, A_CP, in B to X_s gamma and the isospin difference of the asymmetry, Delta A_CP, using 429 fb^-1 of data collected at Upsilon(4S) resonance with the BaBar detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy e+e- storage rings operating at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. B mesons are reconstructed from 10 charged B final states and 6 neutral B final states. We find A_CP = +(1.7 +- 1.9 +- 1.0)%, which is in agreement with the Standard Model prediction and provides an improvement on the world average. Moreover, we report the first measurement of the difference between A_CP for charged and neutral decay modes, Delta A_CP = +(5.0 +- 3.9 +- 1.5)%. Using the value of Delta A_CP, we also provide 68% and 90% confidence intervals on the imaginary part of the ratio of the Wilson coefficients corresponding to the chromo-magnetic dipole and the electromagnetic dipole transitions.
Despite the widespread use of the SPECT method for the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases, there are still unresolved problems with this method, which can lead to misinterpretation of the data, and, as a result, wrong diagnosis. At the moment, in diagnostic nuclear medicine there is an active development of an approach based on the method of mathematical modeling. It includes a mathematical model of the distribution of a radiopharmaceutical (RFP) in the body of a virtual patient, a mathematical model for collecting raw data, and a mathematical program for creating a reconstructed image. Using the patient model, we can program the heart disease and present the examination results in the same way as the clinical data. Further, by verifying the obtained images with images obtained from real patients, the error of the reconstruction algorithms can be estimated. In medical practice, the image of the myocardium of the left ventricle (LV) of the heart in the mode of tomographic slices is often used. This paper presents the results of studies aimed at developing the representation of a mathematical model of the LV myocardium in the form of a polar map “bulleye”.
The presence of14N nucleus in the scalar coupling network results in a 3-fold decrease of15NT1and polarization values for all15N sites in15N2-metronidazoleversus15N3-metronidazole in SABRE hyperpolarization in microtesla fields.
Рассматриваются стационарные решения для задачи о магнитогидродинамическом движении несжимаемой полимерной жидкости над бесконечным вращающимся диском. Мы используем представление решения, аналогичное автомодельному решению Кармана для вязкой жидкости. Приводятся примеры численных стационарных решений для различных значений параметров магнитного поля.
The process of ion solvation has been studied in the reversible system using the Van't Hoff equilibrium box. It is shown that the Born formula for solvation energy describes a change in enthalpy rather than in Gibbs energy.
The article examines the observance of the rights of young and minor children of the peasant class in the Tomsk province in the late 19 th -early 20 th centuries.

The mechanism for establishing peasant guardianship and trusteeship is described in detail. On the basis of clerical sources, the stages of establishing guardianship are analyzed: appointment of a guardian and an inventory of property, and a report on property management. Violations and conflict situations at each of these stages were revealed.

The author concludes that one of the most important social functions of the community was performed consistently and clearly, despite the lack of regulation of this procedure in official legislation. Normatively, the rights of a guardian were enshrined, who could dispose of the property of orphans: to farm on the land, or to rent it out along with yard buildings and livestock. The guardian could invest the proceeds in a savings bank account until the orphans come of age, or use these funds for their needs with the permission of the village gathering. As a rule, children remained with their mother or next of kin, guardians from outsiders were appointed extremely rarely. It is established that the struggle for resources between relatives of deceased peasants and widows did not affect the financial situation of orphans. All violations were carefully recorded, the instructions for their elimination were promptly executed. This testifies to the observance of the rights of orphans.
Numerical simulation of ignition of the gas mixture not mixed previously in the supersonic flow localized in a channel was performed.

The ignition is initiated by the shock wave from the throttling jet, which results in significant changing of pressure difference between the main flow and the gas generator of the throttling jet. The near-wall and axisymmetric supply of the gaseous fuel was considered.

It is shown that applying boundary conditions similar to the breakdown of arbitrary discontinuity conditions, makes it possible to obtain the transonic mode observed in the experiment.
The melting of alumina nanoparticles was studied using two different approaches. Molecular dynamics simulation of the melting process was performed. The mean-square displacement of atoms was plotted as a function of temperature. For a nanoparticle under periodic boundary conditions, melting was found to occur in the same temperature range as for a bulk sample. The dependence of the melting time on the particle radius was determined using a phenomenological approach. The obtained dependence is close to linear.
Technical solutions of the concept exploration device SMOLA for longitudinal plasma flow suppression in linear plasma trap by active plasma pumping in helicoidal magnetic field are described in the article.

Vacuum system, magnetic system, plasma source and the source of the radial electric field are discussed.
We present a three‐dimensional model of the distribution of S‐wave velocity in the upper crust to a depth of 20 km beneath Central Java based on the analysis of seismic ambient noise data recorded by more than 100 seismic stations in 2004 associated with the MERAMEX project. To invert the Rayleigh wave dispersion curves to construct 2‐D group‐velocity maps and 3‐D distributions of S‐wave velocity, we have used a new tomographic algorithm based on iterative linearized inversion. We have performed a series of synthetic tests that demonstrate significantly higher resolution in the upper crust with this model compared to the local earthquake travel‐time tomography (LET) model previously applied for the same station network. Beneath the southern flank of Merapi, we identify a large low‐velocity anomaly that can be split into two layers. The upper layer reflects the ∼1 km thick sedimentary cover of volcanoclastic deposits. The deeper anomaly at depths of ∼4–8 km may represent a magma reservoir with partially molten rock that feeds several volcanoes in Central Java. Beneath the Merapi summit, we observe another low‐velocity anomaly as deep as 8 km that may be associated with the active magma reservoir that feeds the eruptive activity of Merapi. In the southern portion of the study area, in the lower crust, we identify a low‐velocity anomaly that may represent the top of the pathways of volatiles and melts ascending from the slab that was previously inferred from the LET model results. We observe that this anomaly is clearly separate from the felsic magma reservoirs in the upper crust.
The establishment of Soviet power in Barnaul is connected with tragic events for the Orthodox Church: the closing of churches, the punishment of priests who did not accept the “godless power”, confiscation of church property, and the ban on religious education for children and the preaching of the Orthodox faith1. In the context of historical events, it is appropriate to reflect on the visual narrative of the fresco painting of the Pokrovsky Cathedral and understand what is presented here: a standard set of copies of well-known examples from the capital recommended by the Holy Synod, selected by the Prior and mechanically transferred by a Siberian artist into the interior of a provincial church or an original fresco programme, although based on the well-established system of iconographic canons and images but created for the purpose, which form the codenarrative, understandable only for the believer from the “recognisable” models and storytelling scenes, to create a unified spiritual space, “the mirror of consciousness”, sensitively reflecting the inner life of the individual (his doubts, fears, hopes), reinforcing it through the visualisation of marks of the Divine power − the analogy of his own pain with the suffering of the Son of God. The purpose of this research is to analyse the meaningful content of the frescoes and the system of their interaction – connectedness to the architectural space of the church. At the same time, the research concentrates primarily on the meaning of the painting programme. There will be no attempt to criticise the artistic value of paintings since it is difficult to distinguish the original message after numerous renewals and restorations.
Влияние имплантации ионов углерода на адгезию и свойства аморфных углеродных пленок на германии

Имплантация ионов углерода

Адгезия и свойства аморфных углеродных пленок на германии
For the resonance of coherent population trapping (CPT), we show that in the case of a spatially inhomogeneous light shift (for example, due to the Gaussian transversal profile of the light beam intensity), the zero position of the error signal, formed by the use of phase-jump technique, depends on the integration time of the spectroscopic signal. Basing on this effect, we propose two-loop method to stabilize the microwave power at the point where the light shift vanishes.
New Cryogenic Avalanche Detector (CRAD) with ultimate sensitivity, that will be able to detect one primary electron released in the cryogenic liquid, is under development in the Laboratory of Cosmology and Particle Physics of the Novosibirsk State University jointly with the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics. The CRAD will use two sets of cryogenic PMTs in order to get trigger signal either from primary scintillations in liquid Ar or from secondary scintillations in high field gap above the liquid.

Two types of cryogenic PMTs produced by Hamamatsu Photonics were tested and the results are presented in this paper. Low background 3 inch PMT R11065-10 demonstrated excellent performance according to its specifications provided by the producer. The gain measured with single electron response (SER) in liquid Ar reached 10^7, dark count rate rate did not exceed 300 Hz and pulse height resolution of single electron signals was close to 50%(FWHM). However, two R11065-10 PMTs out of 7 tested stopped functioning after several tens minutes of operation immersed completely into liquid Ar. The remaining 5 devices and one R11065-MOD were operated successfully for several hours each with all the parameters according to the producer specifications. Compact 2 inch PMT R6041-506-MOD with metal-channel dynode structure is a candidate for side wall PMT system that will look at electroluminescence in high field region above liquid. Four of these PMTs were tested in liquid Ar and demonstrated gain up to 2x10^7, dark count rate rate below 100 Hz and pulse height resolution of single electron signals of about 110% (FWHM).

The CRAD will use two sets of cryogenic PMTs in order to get trigger signal either from primary scintillations in liquid Ar or from secondary scintillations in high field gap above the liquid. Two types of cryogenic PMTs produced by Hamamatsu Photonics were tested and the results are presented in this paper.
Obesity is a major risk factor for developing gallstone disease (GSD). Previous studies have shown that obesity is associated with an elevated Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in the gut microbiota. These findings suggest that the development of GSD may be related to gut dysbiosis.

This review presents and summarizes the recent findings of studies on the gut microbiota in patients with GSD. Most of the studies on the gut microbiota in patients with GSD have shown a significant increase in the phyla Firmicutes (Lactobacillaceae family, genera Clostridium, Ruminococcus, Veillonella, Blautia, Dorea, Anaerostipes, and Oscillospira), Actinobacteria (Bifidobacterium genus), Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes (genera Bacteroides, Prevotella, and Fusobacterium) and a significant decrease in the phyla Bacteroidetes (family Muribaculaceae, and genera Bacteroides, Prevotella, Alistipes, Paludibacter, Barnesiella), Firmicutes (genera Faecalibacterium, Eubacterium, Lachnospira, and Roseburia), Actinobacteria (Bifidobacterium genus), and Proteobacteria (Desulfovibrio genus). The influence of GSD on microbial diversity is not clear. Some studies report that GSD reduces microbial diversity in the bile, whereas others suggest the increase in microbial diversity in the bile of patients with GSD. The phyla Proteobacteria (especially family Enterobacteriaceae) and Firmicutes (Enterococcus genus) are most commonly detected in the bile of patients with GSD. On the other hand, the composition of bile microbiota in patients with GSD shows considerable inter-individual variability.

The impact of GSD on the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio is unclear and reports are contradictory. For this reason, it should be stated that the results of reviewed studies do not allow for drawing unequivocal conclusions regarding the relationship between GSD and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in the microbiota.
The article is devoted to the element composition study of 5 kidney stones types. Calculi consisting of calcium oxalate, uric acid, hydroxyapatite, brushite and struvite were analysed by optical emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP-OES). The elements Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Sr and Zn were determined in each stone types. Also, correlation analysis for stones consisting of uric acid (n=100) was performed and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was calculated. Average and high positive correlations were found between K/Mg, Mg/Na, Mg/P, Mg/Sr, Na/P ( r =0.41 ÷ 0.50) and Ca/Sr ( r =0.71) respectively.
The decay mode $ B_s^0 \to D_s^{ \mp }{K^{\pm }} $ allows for one of the theoretically cleanest measurements of the CKM angle γ through the study of time-dependent CP violation.

This paper reports a measurement of its branching fraction relative to the Cabibbo-favoured mode $ B_s^0 \to D_s^{ - }{\pi^{ + }} $ based on a data sample corresponding to 0.37 fb −1 of proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt {s} = 7\;{\text{TeV}} $ collected in 2011 with the LHCb detector. In addition, the ratio of B meson production fractions f s /f d , determined from semileptonic decays, together with the known branching fraction of the control channel B 0 → D − π + , is used to perform an absolute measurement of the branching fractions

$ \begin{gathered} \mathcal{B}\left( {B_s^0 \to D_s^{ - }{\pi^{ + }}} \right) = \left( {2.95\pm 0.05\pm 0.17_{{ - 0.22}}^{{ + 0.18}}} \right) \times {10^{{ - 3}}}, \hfill \\ \mathcal{B}\left( {B_s^0 \to D_s^{ \mp }{K^{\pm }}} \right) = \left( {1.90\pm 0.12\pm 0.13_{{ - 0.14}}^{{ + 0.12}}} \right) \times {10^{{ - 4}}}, \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $ where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second the experimental systematic uncertainty, and the third the uncertainty due to f s /f d .
Nucleosome Positioning Region Database (NPRD), which is compiling the available experimental data on locations and characteristics of nucleosome formation sites (NFSs), is the first curated NFS-oriented database.

The object of the database is a single NFS described in an individual entry. When annotating results of NFS experimental mapping, we pay special attention to several important functional characteristics, such as the relationship between type of gene activity and nucleosome positioning, the influence of non-histone proteins on nucleosome formation, type of the variant of nucleosome positioning (translational or rotational), indication of tissue types and states of cell activity, description of experimental methods used and accuracy of nucleosome position determination, and the results of applying theoretical and computer methods to the analysis of contextual and conformational DNA properties.

At present, the NPRD database contains 438 entries and integrates the data described in 124 original papers. The database URL: http://srs6.bionet.nsc.ru/srs6/. Then click the button 'Databank' and open the link NUCLEOSOME.
Experimental and epidemiological studies suggest a protective role for vitamin D in colorectal carcinogenesis, but evidence is inconclusive. Circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations that minimize risk are unknown. Current Institute of Medicine (IOM) vitamin D guidance is based solely on bone health.
Over the last few years, we have experienced a renaissance of nonlinear optics in multimode fibers, driven by both fundamental and applied research. Multimode optical fibers (MMFs) offer a natural environment for investigating multidimensional systems and their complex collective dynamics. Indeed, numerous new nonlinear effects have recently been observed including, for instance, Kerr beam self-cleaning, mode-locking by spatiotemporal filtering, or multimode parametric wave mixing, to name a few [1] . On the other hand, from the application perspective, MMFs are expected to provide interesting novel solutions for high power delivery and increased transmission capacity. Significant work is now in progress to exploit the recently discovered dynamics, and improve the performances of different technologies such as laser endoscopy, nonlinear imaging, and fiber-based laser sources [2] , [3] . In addition, the recent development of advanced measurement techniques, permitting to capture the full spatiotemporal nature of the multimode phenomena has also attracted a strong research interest [4] .
One of the aims of new circular collider projects is further increase in their luminosity. A high electromagnetic field of space charge at the meeting points limits the achievable current densities and consequently the luminosity. Non- linear focusing compensation in a storage ring done by the opposite-charge beam circulating in another storage ring was proposed and tested many years ago. Ya. S. Derbenev has shown that such a scheme suffers from tune shifts of coherent betatron oscillations, which move betatron frequencies toward the nearest integer or half-integer resonance.

In this paper, the collider based on electron energy recovery linac (ERL) and "figure-8" positron storage ring with beams of equal currents is considered. Positrons are circulating in a two-loop storage ring (positron-positron collider), and electron- electron collider uses ERL, as in original Tigner's proposal. Thus, a collision of four bunches and space-charge compensation in a multi-bunch mode can be ensured.

The mathematical and numerical analysis of this configuration is presented.