Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Double‐walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) have been fluorinated by pure molecular fluorine (F2) at room temperature or 200 °C and a mixture of F2 with hydrogen fluoride (HF) at 200 °C that resulted in products with compositions of CF0.12, CF0.39, and CF0.53 as determined by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

The differences in the structures of three kinds of fluorinated DWCNTs were revealed using transmission electron microscopy, Raman scattering, and near‐edge X‐ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. Quantum‐chemical modeling of the NEXAFS F K‐edge spectra detected a change in the fluorine pattern with the increase of the F2 treatment temperature.

The presence of HF in fluorine gas was found to accelerate the fluorination process and cause a partial destruction of outer shells of the DWCNTs.
We report direct single-laser excitation of the strictly forbidden (6s2)1S0 (6s6p)3P0 clock transition in 174Yb atoms confined to a 1D optical lattice.

A small (approximately 1.2 mT) static magnetic field was used to induce a nonzero electric dipole transition probability between the clock states at 578.42 nm. Narrow resonance linewidths of 20 Hz (FWHM) with high contrast were observed, demonstrating a resonance quality factor of 2.6 x 10(13). The previously unknown ac Stark shift-canceling (magic) wavelength was determined to be 759.35 +/- 0.02 nm.

This method for using the metrologically superior even isotope can be easily implemented in current Yb and Sr lattice clocks and can create new clock possibilities in other alkaline-earth-like atoms such as Mg and Ca.
In this paper we present experimental data on heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics at flow boiling of refrigerant R-134a in a horizontal microchannel heat sink. The primary objective of this study was to experimentally establish how the local heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop correlate with the heat flux, mass flux, and vapor quality. The copper microchannel heat sink contains 21 microchannels with 335 × 930 μm2 cross section. The microchannel plate and heating block were divided by the partition wall for the local heat flux measurements. Distribution of local heat transfer coefficients along the length and width of the microchannel plate was measured in the range of external heat fluxes from 50 to 500 kW/m2; the mass flux varied within 200–600 kg/m2-s, and pressure varied within 6–16 bar. The obvious impact of heat flux on the magnitude of heat transfer coefficient was observed. It showed that nucleate boiling is the dominant mechanism for heat transfer. A new model of flow boiling heat transfer, considering nucleate boiling suppression and liquid film evaporation, was proposed and verified experimentally in this paper.
Smart city technologies are designed to make human life easier and more comfortable. However, in reality, there haven’t yet been developed unambiguous criteria for measuring the effectiveness of smart city initiatives. This means that the city residents’ needs fade into the background. Therefore, the aim of the study is to identify the main problems and contradictions that impede the introduction and dissemination of smart city technologies in existing Russian cities. This article uses such techniques as expert interviews (with municipal representative, IT businessman, sociologist, economist and urban researcher) as well as semi-formalized interviews with residents of Novosibirsk. The study describes key measurements of the smart city effectiveness (Physical environment, Society, Government, Technology & Data) and examines in detail two of them: Society and Government. The research also indicates the main problems and obstacles to the effective implementation of the smart city program for each of these dimensions. The study has scientific importance, as it describes the contradictions between government and society when trying to introduce smart technologies. Also the results of the study may help IT companies to pay attention on people’s needs when developing and promoting smart applications and services.
The aim of this work is to study the features of the electrical and viscoelastic parameters of erythrocytes in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, unclassified colitis), taking into account the stage of the disease for possible use in differential diagnosis.

The electrical and viscoelastic parameters of erythrocytes were studied using dielectrophoresis in 109 patients with IBD, mean age 37,7 + 11,7 years (50 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), 41 with Crohn’s disease (CD), 18 with unclassified colitis (UCC) and 53 conditionally healthy, comparable in age and sex with the main groups. Red blood cells of individuals with IBD differed from those in the comparison group by a smaller average diameter, an increased proportion of deformed, spherocytic cells with a changed surface character with a reduced ability to deform, a lower level of surface charge of cells, an altered membrane structure with an increased ability to conduct electric current, prone to destruction and the formation of aggregates (p <0,0001–0,05). Analysis in individual groups with IBD in the acute stage, taking into account the therapy, revealed significant differences between the forms of IBD: in patients with Crohn’s disease, in contrast to patients with UC, red blood cells had lower values of the amplitude of deformation, capacity, dipole moment, and velocity of movement of cells towards electrodes, the proportion of discocytes, polarizability at most of the frequencies of the electric field (p <0,00001–0,05). On the contrary, the summarized indicators of rigidity, viscosity, electrical conductivity, aggregation and destruction indices were higher in CD than in UC (p <0,0001–0,05). CD patients had a greater number of deformed cells with altered surface character (p <0,00001).

The features of the electrical and viscoelastic parameters of erythrocytes in patients with different nosological forms of IBD can be used for the differential diagnosis of ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease in case of colon lesions, in the long term — for verification of the diagnosis in unclassified colitis.
The phenomenon of transposition induction by heavy heat shock (HHS) was studied. Males of a Drosophila isogenic line with a mutation in the major gene radius incompletus ( ri ) were treated by HHS (37 °C for 1 h followed by 4 °C for 1 h, with the cycle repeated three times) and crossed to untreated females of the same line. The males were crossed 5 d after heat shock, and also 9 d after HHS. Many transpositions were seen in the F1 larvae by in situ hybridization. The rate of induced transposition was at least 2 orders of magnitude greater than that of the control sample, and was estimated to be 0·11 events per transposable element copy per sperm. Two ‘hot’ subdivisions for transpositions, induced probably during the post-meiotic stage of spermiogenesis, were found: 43B and 97DE. Three-quarters of all transpositions were localized in these positions. In other sites the rates of induced transpositions were (1·3–3·2)×10 −2 events per occupied segment per sperm, 1 order of magnitude greater than those of the control.
Nuclear spin polarization can be significantly increased through the process of hyperpolarization, leading to an increase in the sensitivity of nuclear magnetic resonance experiments by 4–8 orders of magnitude. Hyperpolarized gases can be more readily separated from the compounds used to mediate the hyperpolarization processes.

This article covers the fundamentals of the preparation of hyperpolarized gases

These pure hyperpolarized gases enabled many novel MRI applications including the visualization of void spaces, imaging of lung function, remote detection, etc. and focuses on selected applications of interest to biomedicine and materials science.
Background: fracture risks assessment and determination of bone mineral density are modern methods, generally accepted and widely used. However, they have limitations and disadvantages for the dynamic evaluation of bone remodeling processes in RA-patients with low BMD. The investigation of bone resorption markers is an important issue. Aims: to compare the antiresorptive activity of denosumab and alendronic acid in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis using β-CTX and osteocalcin (OC). Materials and methods: forty-two patients were included in the study (16 patients were treated with denosumab, 13 patients – with alendronic acid, 13 patients - control group without any osteoporosis treatment). The quantitative determination of β-CTX and OC as well as dual-energy X-ray absorptionometry (DXA) were carried out for all patients at the first visit with consecutive investigation of bone resorption markers 3 months after. The predictive capacity was determined using the ratio of observed fractures/expected fractures by FRAX. Results: The level of β-CTX 16% (median 861.6 pg/ml vs. 724.6 pg/ml, p = 0.049) and OC 39% (median 13.9 ng/ml vs 8.5 ng/ml, p = 0.047) decreased significantly in 3 month in RA patients treated with denosumab. The decrease of β-CTX (median 858.9 pg/ml vs. 821.8 pg/ml) and OC (median 14.8 ng/ml vs. 13.9 ng/ml) was observed in the group of patients treated with alendronic acid, but not reached statistical significance. Conclusions: denosumab had showed better antiresorptive activity compared with bisphosphonates, which was registered 3 month after the start of the treatment.
A new low‐field electron paramagnetic resonance approach for noninvasive measurements of myocardial oxygen tension and tissue acidity was developed.

The approach was applied to monitor myocardial p O 2 and pH in a model of global no‐flow ischemia (30 min) and reperfusion in isolated perfused rat hearts. The myocardial oxygen measurements were performed using deuterated Finland trityl radical probe. Myocardial pH measurements using a specially designed imidazoline pH‐sensitive nitroxide showed severe myocardial acidification to pH 6.25 during 30 min of ischemia. Preconditioning of the hearts with two 5‐min periods of ischemia significantly reduced the acidification of myocardial tissue during sustained ischemia.

A rapid decrease in myocardial p O 2 from 160 mmHg to about 2 ± 1 mmHg was observed within the first minute of ischemia followed by incomplete restoration of p O 2 to 50 mmHg during 30 min of reperfusion. The lower oxygen concentration after ischemia was attributed to the 50% reduction in coronary flow after ischemia as a consequence of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion damage. Noninvasive electron paramagnetic resonance monitoring of myocardial oxygenation and pH may provide important insights into the mechanisms of ischemia and reperfusion injury and a background for development of new therapeutic approaches.
The aim of this study is to investigate the frequency of CYP2C19*2, *3 allelic variants, associated with poor response to clopidogrel, and CYP2C19*17, associated with excessive response to clopidogrel, in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) from Siberia and Moscow regions of Russia.The study included 512 ACS patients who were subsequently treated with coronary arterial stenting. The subjects assigned were from the cities of Central (Novosibirsk, Kemerovo), Eastern (Irkutsk), Northern (Surgut) Siberia regions and from Moscow region. The mean age of patients enrolled was 63.9±10.9 years. Among the assigned subjects, the proportion of men accounted for 80% and women 20%.According to the results obtained in the present study, from 16% up to 27.5% of patients in different regions of Russia have at least one CYP2C19 "poor metabolizer" (PM) allele variant affecting clopidogrel metabolism and, therefore, suppressing its antiplatelet activity. CYP2C19*17 allele variant was identified with the frequency of 15.4% up to 33.3%. The study revealed the presence of statistically significant differences in CYP2C19*3 allele frequency between the Russian ethnic group patients from Eastern and Central Siberia (p=0.001; odds ratio=1.05 [95% confidence interval 1.01-1.09]).The study revealed statistically significant differences between the allele frequencies in Eastern and Central Siberia, which can probably be caused by a considerable number of Buryats inhabiting Eastern Siberia.
Ozone is a gas in demand in industry and medicine. The issue of its storage is acute so far and is connected with the search for the most suitable second guest gas enhancing ozone storage.

This paper is devoted to the study of the stability of the SI and SII cage structures in the presence of a mixture of ozone and argon using the density function method.

Carried out modeling allowed finding stable molecular structures and determining the thermodynamic conditions of hydrate stability for the O3 + Ar gas mixture. In addition the electron density distribution and stabilization energies were calculated that could be useful in experimental investigation.
An antiferromagnetically (AFM) coupled biradical based on oxoverdazyl and nitronylnitroxide was synthesized in 46 % yield using Sonogashira coupling. The obtained heterobiradical evidenced distinct properties of both radical entities in solution. Depending on the solvent, the prepared biradical crystallized in two different forms. SQUID magnetization measurements on Form II showed coupling constants JintraII /kB =-2.1 K and zJinterII /kB =-11.5 K. Consequently, total intermolecular exchange interactions are five times larger than the intramolecular ones. Further, DFT calculations explained this phenomenon and indicated the advantage of Form I for further in-depth investigations.
To study relationships of reduced renal function with hypertension and other cardiometabolic risk factors in persons aged 25-45 years.

A cross-sectional population study of one of the typical district of Novosibirsk (Russia) was performed during 2013-2016 years. The study included 468 men and 606 women aged 25-45 years. Blood pressure (BP), waist circumference (WC), blood lipids, glucose, creatinine were measured. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was calculated with the formula CKD-EPI.

Hypertension was registered if blood pressure (BP) was ≥140/90 mm Hg, reduced kidney function - at GFR
В научном обзоре рассматривается проблема привычной потери плода по причине носительства генов, ассоциированных с тромбофилией.Кратко описаны физиологические и анатомические аспекты, позволяющие отнести беременность к тромбогенным рискам, дан обзор по генетическим полиморфизмам, определяющим склонность к тромбофилиям.

Указаны сведения об положительных и
A totipotent zygote has unlimited potential for differentiation into all cell types found in an adult organism. During ontogenesis proliferating and maturing cells gradually lose their differentiation potential, limiting the spectrum of possible developmental transitions to a specific cell type. Following the initiation of the developmental program cells acquire specific morphological and functional properties. Deciphering the mechanisms that coordinate shifts in gene expression revealed a critical role of three-dimensional chromatin structure in the regulation of gene activity during lineage commitment. Several levels of DNA packaging have been recently identified using chromosome conformation capture based techniques such a Hi-C. It is now clear that chromatin regions with high transcriptional activity assemble into Mb-scale compartments in the nuclear space, distinct from transcriptionally silent regions. More locally chromatin is organized into topological domains, serving as functionally insulated units with cell type – specific regulatory loop interactions. However, molecular mechanisms establishing and maintaining such 3D organization are yet to be investigated.

Recent focus on studying chromatin reorganization accompanying cell cycle progression and cellular differentiation partially explained some aspects of 3D genome folding. Throughout erythropoiesis cells undergo a dramatic reorganization of the chromatin landscape leading to global nuclear condensation and transcriptional silencing, followed by nuclear extrusion at the final stage of mammalian erythropoiesis. Drastic changes of genome architecture and function accompanying erythroid differentiation seem to be an informative model for studying the ways of how genome organization and dynamic gene activity are connected.

Here we summarize current views on the role of global rearrangement of 3D chromatin structure in erythroid differentiation.
Bone samples from two individuals (an adult and a child) buried at a Middle Bronze Age cemetery Bertek-56 on the Ukok Plateau, Altai, were subjected to a genetic analysis. The results are interpreted with reference to archaeological and craniometric data. Four systems of genetic markers were analyzed: mitochondrial DNA, the polymorphic part of amelogenin gene, autosomal STR-loci, and STR-loci of Y-chromosome. Complete information on these genetic markers was obtained for the adult individual. For the child, data on mitochondrial DNA, amelogenin gene, and partial profi les of autosomal and Y-chromosomal STR-loci are available. Both individuals were shown to be male and unrelated. The boy’s mitochondrial DNA belongs to the Western Eurasian haplogroup K (subgroup K1a24a), and that of the adult male, to the Eastern Eurasian haplogroup C. Using the predictor program, the Y-chromosomal haplotype of the adult individual (17 Y-chromosomal STR-loci) was identifi ed as Eastern Eurasian haplogroup Q. Phylogenetic and phylogeographic analysis of the results suggests that the Bertek population originated from an admixture of two genetically contrasting groups, one with Eastern Eurasian, the other with Western Eurasian features. These results are consistent with those of the archaeological and craniometric analysis indicating the admixture of autochthonous groups with immigrants from western Eurasia.
The discovery of the Higgs boson (and still nothing else) have triggered appearance of many proposals of Higgs factories for precision measurement of the Higgs properties. Among them there are several projects of photon colliders (PC) without e+e− in addition to PLC based on e+e− linear colliders ILC and CLIC. In this paper, following a brief discussion of Higgs factories physics program I give an overview of photon colliders based on linear colliders ILC and CLIC, and of the recently proposed photon-collider Higgs factories with no e+e− collision option based on recirculation linacs in ring tunnels.
High effectiveness of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) makes actual the investigation aimed at creating transport systems for the targeted delivery of boron-containing agents.Liposomes are currently among promising boron carriers for BNCT.Existing liposomal technologies allow changing their properties by changing the particle diameter, surface charge, lipid composition, and the presence of vector molecules on the surface of the liposome membrane.The structure of liposomes can include in their composition hydrophobic and lipophilic boron-containing agents at the same time, which increases the content of boron atoms in them.Methods for rapid assessment of dynamic absorption and localization of substances delivered in their composition are required for experiments to improve liposomal drug delivery systems.The method of labeling the lipid membrane of liposomes and their internal contents is a great interest in view of the presence of a large number of various luminescent dyes and highly efficient methods for assessing their intracellular localization (confocal microscopy).By using the method of the rapid freezing of tissues and the preparation of cryosections from them makes it possible to perform an express assessment of the liposomes transport properties for a high volume of samples.The blue region of the spectrum for labeling liposomes did not use in our experiments leaving it for the nuclear dyes (Hoechst 33342, DAPI).Nile red was used for labeling liposomal membranes (excitation/emission maxima ~552/636 nm), PKH-26 (excitation/emission maxima ~551/567 nm), TopFluor PC (excitation/emission maxima ~495/503 nm).High molecular dextran derivatives FITC-Dextran (excitation/emission maxima ~495/520 nm), Rhodamine B isothiocyanate-Dextran (excitation/emission ~570⁄590 nm) were used for labeling internal water core liposomes.The combination of the proposed luminescent labels allows us to determine the localization of the labels of liposomes delivered in the lipid and aqueous phases selectively and makes it possible to extrapolate these data with respect to hydrophilic and lyophilic boron-containing agents.The remaining free region of the spectrum lying in the far-red spectrum allows using it for determining the localization of liposomes in certain organelles, for example, mitochondria (MitoTracker Deep Red for mitochondria, Liso Tracker Deep Red for lysosomes, etc).
The spatial development of localized disturbances generated by three-dimensional vibrating surface in the Blasius boundary layer at critical Reynolds numbers was investigated.

The experimental study is shown that the large amplitude of three-dimensional surface vibration leads to the formation of two types of disturbances in the boundary layer: wave packets and longitudinal localized structures.

Downstream development of the high frequency oscillations of the wave packets at the central frequency is consistent with the linear theory of hydrodynamic stability.
Cerebral arteriovenous malformation is a difficult, dangerous, and most frequently encountered vascular failure of development. It consists of vessels of very small diameter, which perform a discharge of blood from the artery to the vein. In this regard it can be adequately modeled using porous medium. Endovascular embolization of arteriovenous malformation is effective treatment of such pathologies. However, the danger of intraoperative rupture during embolization still exists.

The purpose is to model this process and build an optimization algorithm for arteriovenous malformation embolization. To study the different embolization variants, the initial-boundary value problems, describing the process of embolization, were solved numerically by using a new modification of CABARET scheme. The essential moments of embolization process were modeled in our numerical experiments.

This approach well reproduces the essential features of discontinuous two-phase flows, arising in the embolization problems. It can be used for further study on the process of embolization.
Hypothalamic melanocortin 4 receptors (MC4R) regulate energy balance. Mutations in the MC4R gene are the most common cause of monogenic obesity in humans. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a promising antiobesity agent, but its effects on melanocortin obesity are unknown. Sex is an important biological variable that must be considered when conducting preclinical studies; however, in laboratory animal models, the pharmacological effects of FGF21 are well documented only for male mice. We aimed at investigating whether FGF21 affects metabolism in male and female mice with the lethal yellow (A y ) mutation, which results in MC4R blockage and obesity development. Obese C57Bl-A y male and female mice were administered subcutaneously for 10 days with vehicle or FGF21 (1 mg per 1 kg). Food intake (FI), body weight (BW), blood parameters, and gene expression in the liver, muscles, brown adipose tissue, subcutaneous and visceral white adipose tissues, and hypothalamus were measured. FGF21 action strongly depended on the sex of the animals. In the males, FGF21 decreased BW and insulin blood levels without affecting FI. In the females, FGF21 increased FI and liver weight, but did not affect BW. In control A y -mice, expression of genes involved in lipid and glucose metabolism ( Ppargc1a, Cpt1, Pck1, G6p, Slc2a2 ) in the liver and genes involved in lipogenesis ( Pparg, Lpl, Slc2a4 ) in visceral adipose tissue was higher in females than in males, and FGF21 administration inhibited the expression of these genes in females. FGF21 administration decreased hypothalamic POMC mRNA only in males. Thus, the pharmacological effect of FGF21 were significantly different in male and female A y -mice; unlike males, females were resistant to catabolic effects of FGF21.