Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Functional linear regression models are effectively used in gene-based association analysis of complex traits. These models combine information about individual genetic variants, taking into account their positions and reducing the influence of noise and/or observation errors. To increase the power of methods, where several differently informative components are combined, weights are introduced to give the advantage to more informative components. Allele-specific weights have been introduced to collapsing and kernel-based approaches to gene-based association analysis. Here we have for the first time introduced weights to functional linear regression models adapted for both independent and family samples. Using data simulated on the basis of GAW17 genotypes and weights defined by allele frequencies via the beta distribution, we demonstrated that type I errors correspond to declared values and that increasing the weights of causal variants allows the power of functional linear models to be increased. We applied the new method to real data on blood pressure from the ORCADES sample. Five of the six known genes with P < 0.1 in at least one analysis had lower P values with weighted models. Moreover, we found an association between diastolic blood pressure and the VMP1 gene (P = 8.18×10−6), when we used a weighted functional model. For this gene, the unweighted functional and weighted kernel-based models had P = 0.004 and 0.006, respectively. The new method has been implemented in the program package FREGAT, which is freely available at https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/FREGAT/index.html.
We have searched for the lepton-flavor-violating decays tau- -> ell-K0s and ell-K0sK0s (ell = e or mu)

using a data sample of 671 fb^-1 collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e^+e^- collider

No evidence for a signal was found in any of the decay modes, and we set the following upper limits for the branching fractions: B(tau^- -> e^-K0s) < 2.6 x 10^-8, B(tau^- -> μ^-K0s) < 2.3 x 10^-8, B(tau^- -> e^-K0sK0s) < 7.1 x 10^-8 and B(tau^- -> mu^-K0sK0s) < 8.0 x 10^-8 at the 90% confidence level.
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal dominant disorder increasing premature cardiovascular diseases risk due to atherosclerosis. Pathogenic mutations in the LDLR gene cause most FH cases. Available treatments are effective not for all LDLR mutations. Testing drugs on FH cell models help develop new efficient treatments. We obtained an iPSC line from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of the patient with heterozygous p.Trp443Arg LDLR mutation. The iPSCs with confirmed patient-specific mutations express pluripotency markers, spontaneously differentiate into three germ layers and demonstrate normal karyotype. Patient-specific iPSCs-derived hepatocyte-like and endothelial cells are promising to develop new targeted therapies for FH.
Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy is one of the most important spectroscopic tools for the investigation of biological macromolecules. Because of the low sensitivity of NMR it usually takes from several minutes to many hours to record such a spectrum. In this work, it is shown that a bioactive derivative of the sunflower trypsin inhibitor-1 (SFTI-1), a tetradecapeptide, can be detected by the combination of parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP) and ultrafast 2D-NMR spectroscopy in less than ten seconds. More information can be found in the Communication by G. Buntkowsky et al. on page 4025.
Germline-restricted chromosomes (GRCs) are accessory chromosomes that occur only in germ cells. They are eliminated from somatic cells through programmed DNA elimination during embryo development. GRCs have been observed in several unrelated animal taxa and show peculiar modes of non-Mendelian inheritance and within-individual elimination. Recent cytogenetic and phylogenomic evidence suggests that a GRC is present across the species-rich songbirds, but absent in non-passerine birds, implying that over half of all 10,500 bird species have extensive germline/soma genome differences. Here, we review recent insights gained from genomic, transcriptomic, and cytogenetic approaches with regard to the genetic content, phylogenetic distribution, and inheritance of the songbird GRC. While many questions remain unsolved in terms of GRC inheritance, elimination, and function, we discuss plausible scenarios and future directions for understanding this widespread form of programmed DNA elimination.
New data on both total and differential cross sections of the production of η mesons in proton–deuteron fusion to He3η in the excess energy region 13.6MeV≤Qη≤80.9MeV are presented. These data have been obtained with the WASA-at-COSY detector setup located at the Forschungszentrum Jülich, using a proton beam at 15 different beam momenta between pp=1.60GeV/c and pp=1.74GeV/c. While significant structure of the total cross section is observed in the energy region 20MeV≲Qη≲60MeV, a previously reported sharp variation around Qη≈50MeV cannot be confirmed. Angular distributions show the typical forward-peaking that was noted earlier. For the first time, it is possible to study the development of these angular distributions with rising excess energy over a wide interval.
We present results of Large-eddy simulations (LES) modeling of steady sheet and unsteady cloud cavitation on a two-dimensional hydrofoil which are validated against Particle image velocimetry (PIV) data. The study is performed for the angle of attack of 9° and high Reynolds numbers ReC of the order of 106 providing a strong adverse pressure gradient along the surface. We employ the Schnerr–Sauer and Kunz cavitation models together with the adaptive mesh refinement in critical flow regions where intensive phase transitions occur. Comparison of the LES and visualization results confirms that the flow dynamics is adequately reproduced in the calculations. To correctly match averaged velocity distributions, we propose a new methodology based on conditional averaging of instantaneous velocity fields measured by PIV which only provides information on the liquid phase. This approach leads to an excellent overall agreement between the conditionally averaged fields of the mean velocity and turbulence intensity obtained experimentally and numerically. The benefits of second-order discretization schemes are highlighted as opposed to the lower-order TVD scheme.
The effective use of heat power in heat supply systems requires the development of new methods for central and local regulation of heat supply systems, the use of heat supply schemes with associated heat supply. The development of such technologies requires modeling and systematic calculations of variable modes of joint operation of local heat-consuming systems. Currently used methods for calculating such operating modes of heat exchangers usually use constant parameters of heat exchangers. Such methods are not applicable in cases for large changes in temperatures and flow rates. Therefore, the calculation of variable modes of tied heat exchangers is usually performed by the method of successive approximations and is very time-consuming, which complicates the construction of a control system.

In the present work, a fairly simple engineering technique is proposed for calculating the operating modes of heating stations of heat supply systems with associated heat supply. The basis of this technique is the use of previously derived analytical formulas that describe the change in the parameters of heat exchangers for various schemes of heating stations and temperature graphs of central regulation. The developed method allows the calculation of variable operating modes of the heat supply system without resorting to the method of successive approximations.

The efficiency of the proposed methodology was tested on the operational data of the central heating station in the Kalinin district of Novosibirsk.
In this study, molecular dynamic simulations of high-velocity impact of a spherical 3C-SiC cluster, with a wide range of velocities (from 100 to 2600 m/s) and with a rigid wall, were performed. The analysis of the final structure shows that no structural phase transformation occurred in the material, despite the high pressure during the collision process.
This paper is devoted to investigation of the contact angle hysteresis on various surfaces. It was carried out by two different methods: measuring the advancing and the receding contact angles and measuring the contact angles at water droplet evaporation under isothermal conditions. Data obtained using two methods have been compared. The influence of the contact angle hysteresis on the mode of the drop evaporation has been shown.
Uterine leiomyomas are common benign tumors developing from smooth muscle tissues, often leading to infertility and recurrent abortions. Pregnancy and development of uterine fibroids are characterized by an unusual rate of myometrium growth, hyperproduction of extracellular matrix and increased expression of numerous growth factor receptors.

The purpose of this study was to determine concentrations of some key growth factors (IL-5, IL-7, IL-9, FGF-β, G-CSF, VEGF and PDGF) in blood serum of women with uterine myoma. Concentrations of the 27 cytokines were determined using a Bio Rad kit (USA) – Bio-Plex Pro™. Human Cytokine 27-plex Assay by means of flow-through fluorometry at the Bio-Plex 200 double-beam laser analyzer. Thirty-six patients with verified uterine myoma were followed up, being later subject to operative treatment (laparoscopic myomectomy).

The results of this study showed a trend to decreased amounts of some hematopoiesis and angiogenesis growth factors, e.g., IL-9 and FGF, in blood serum of women with uterine myoma. Сoncentrations of IL-5, IL-7, and G-CSF proved to be significantly decreased if compared to serum contents of European healthy women. The most significant decrease was registered for pro-angiogenic factors, such as VEGF and PDGF. Their serum concentration in women with leiomyoma was reduced, respectively, 3- and 6-fold against controls. The decreased G-CSF concentration was not only quite significant, as compared to healthy women, but showed significant correlations with changes of such factors as IL-5, IL-7 and IL-9, with correlation quotients of, resp., 0.723, 0.637, and 0.504, respectively. One may conclude that, in spite of literature data on significantly increased contents of the mentioned growth factors in tissues of myometrium and growing uterine leiomyoma, our data show that the concentrations of these regulatory proteins in blood serum are decreased to some extent in this clinical condition.
Phosphaferrocenes in combination with coinage metal salts proved to be excellent building blocks in supramolecular chemistry for the buildup of oligomeric and polymeric assemblies. The synthesis of a series of novel phosphaferrocenes containing the 1,3‐P 2 C 3 i Pr 3 and/or the 1,2,4‐P 3 C 2 i Pr 2 ligand is described herein. The self‐assembly processes of the 1,3‐diphospha‐, 1,2,4‐triphospha‐, and 1,1′,2,3′,4‐pentaphosphaferrocenes with Cu I halides led to the formation of 1D or 2D polymers. With [Cp*Fe(η 5 ‐P 2 C 3 i Pr 3 )] (Cp* = η 5 ‐C 5 Me 5 ), infinite chains are formed, whereas with [(η 5 ‐P 3 C 2 i Pr 2 )Fe(η 5 ‐P 2 C 3 i Pr 3 )] 1D ladderlike structures are obtained. These are the first polymers containing such a di‐ and pentaphosphaferrocene, respectively. On the other hand, the use of [Cp*Fe(η 5 ‐P 3 C 2 i Pr 2 )] leads to the construction of 2D networks with intact sandwich complexes, which is uncommon for this class of complexes.
The dynamics of many viral infections, including rotaviral infections (RIs), are known to have a complex non-linear, non-stationary structure with strong seasonality indicative of virus and host sensitivity to environmental conditions. However, analytical tools suitable for the identification of seasonal peaks are limited.

We introduced a two-step procedure to determine seasonal patterns in RI and examined the relationship between daily rates of rotaviral infection and ambient temperature in cold climates in three Russian cities: Chelyabinsk, Yekaterinburg, and Barnaul from 2005 to 2011. We described the structure of temporal variations using a new class of singular spectral analysis (SSA) models based on the "Caterpillar" algorithm. We then fitted Poisson polyharmonic regression (PPHR) models and examined the relationship between daily RI rates and ambient temperature.

In SSA models, RI rates reached their seasonal peaks around 24 February, 5 March, and 12 March (i.e., the 55.17 ± 3.21, 64.17 ± 5.12, and 71.11 ± 7.48 day of the year) in Chelyabinsk, Yekaterinburg, and Barnaul, respectively. Yet, in all three cities, the minimum temperature was observed, on average, to be on 15 January, which translates to a lag between the peak in disease incidence and time of temperature minimum of 38-40 days for Chelyabinsk, 45-49 days in Yekaterinburg, and 56-59 days in Barnaul. The proposed approach takes advantage of an accurate description of the time series data offered by the SSA-model coupled with a straightforward interpretation of the PPHR model. By better tailoring analytical methodology to estimate seasonal features and understand the relationships between infection and environmental conditions, regional and global disease forecasting can be further improved.
Application of the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method for calculating the flow near superorbital space vehicles at the high-altitude (above 70 km) part of the trajectory is considered. An example of application of various models of the ionized flow near the vehicle during its reentry into the Earth's atmosphere for calculating the flow of the Stardust sample return capsule (entry speed 12.4 km/s) is presented. The influence of numerical models on the values of convective and radiative heat fluxes is investigated. It is found that the characteristic feature of such high-speed flows is the mutual influence of ionization and radiation processes, which must be taken into account in modeling.
Annotation. The visualization of gas flows expanding from supersonic nozzles into flooded space under the cluster formation conditions is considered. The technique of exciting the supersonic flow by a well-focused high-voltage electron beam is applied in conjunction with the scanning equipment for the gas objects. The reasons for the secondary cluster jet formation in a flow of easily condensing gases are discussed. A comparison is made between the formation of a traditional spindle-shaped jet and a secondary cluster one. The measurement results of the diameters of the traditional and cluster jets in maximum sections, obtained by the photometry method, are presented. It is shown that for the characteristic sizes of cluster jets of condensing gases, the dependence on parameters proposed by Sherman and Ashkenas is applicable in the entire range of the studied stagnation and background pressures. The similarity of the formation processes of traditional monomeric jets and secondary cluster jets under the conditions of developed condensation of the initial supersonic flow is supposed.
Rare single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are likely to be a crucial genetic factor for human diseases, including cancer. rs78378222 is rare SNP in 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of TP53 gene leading to disturbance of 3'-end mRNA processing. The frequency of rs78378222 varies in several studied populations. The meta-analysis of 34 genome-wide association studies indicated that rs78378222 was significantly associated with an increased risk of cancer overall. Bioinformatic analysis indicates that somatic loss of the protective A allele of rs78378222 occurs in the tumor tissue of some malignant. The goal of the current study is to document the rs78378222 prevalence and evaluate the copy loss status of the protective allele A in the tumor tissue of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).Total DNA was isolated from FFPE-samples and peripheral blood of patients with DLBCL and comparable in age and sex controls. rs78378222 genotyping was performed by the PCR-RFLP method using restriction endonuclease HindIII. Direct Sanger's sequencing was used to confirm the presence of C allele of the rs78378222. The search for TP53 gene mutations was carried out by Sanger's direct sequencing method, according to the IARC protocol.The result of genotyping of 136 DNA samples from DLBCL tumor tissue suggested that frequency of the rs78378222 was 11/136 (8.1%). Rare allele C frequency was 11/272 (4.2%). A total of 5/11 DLBCL rs78378222 heterozygous samples had the heterozygosity loss in the TP53 gene. Only one of these cases was combined with TP53 gene mutations which have proven oncogenic potential-p.Arg196Gln, other four cases have not mutations in the coding regions of gene.At the stages of DLBCL initiation or progression a loss of the protective allele A of rs78378222 occurs. Further efforts are needed to study possible molecular mechanisms underlying somatic alterations in DLBCL in this region of the TP53 3'-UTR as well as functional studies to illustrate how the presents of rs78378222 may affect tumor progression of lymphoma.
Opecoelidae Ozaki, 1925 (Trematoda: Opecoeloidea) — ведущее по числу видов и родов семейство трематод в Чёрном море. Мариты наиболее распространённых видов черноморских опецелидных трематод подробно описаны морфологически, однако сведения о структуре их геномов отрывочны, а данные о митохондриальных геномах отсутствуют полностью.

Цель исследования — получить первые сведения о строении участков митохондриального генома представителей наиболее распространённых в Чёрном море в современный период родов трематод семейства Opecoelidae для последующего уточнения их таксономического статуса. Филогенетические отношения внутри анализируемой части этого семейства реконструированы на основе данных, полученных нами, и соответствующих данных из GenBank с помощью алгоритма Maximum Likelihood и модели нуклеотидных замен HKY. Для укоренения филогенетического дерева использованы соответствующие последовательности Brachycladium goliath (Brachycladioidea: Brachycladiidae). Поскольку последовательности CO1 — стандартного и наиболее популярного митохондриального маркера — для исследуемых родов опецелид до сих пор не были известны, нами на основе известных соответствующих последовательностей Xiphidiata разработаны праймеры для амплификации фрагмента CO1, чтобы впервые провести соответствующий филогенетический анализ.

Впервые определены и депонированы в GenBank нуклеотидные последовательности фрагментов митохондриальных генов CO1 и 16S черноморских трематод Cainocreadium flesi Korniychuk & Gaevskaya, 2000, Gaevskajatrema perezi (Mathias, 1926) Gibson & Bray, 1982 и Helicometra fasciata (Rudolphi, 1819) Odhner, 1902 от разных видов дефинитивных хозяев — рыб. У C. flesi не выявлено специфичных к окончательным хозяевам — рыбам линий по структуре фрагмента митохондриального гена CO1, однако отмечено высокое CO1-нуклеотидное разнообразие. У марит черноморских H. fasciata определена приуроченная к зеленушкам-руленам Symphodus tinca CO1-гаплогруппа, статус которой требует дальнейшего выяснения; необходимы экологические и генетические исследования предполагаемого видового комплекса H. fasciata из разных акваторий. При анализе последовательностей фрагмента митохондриального гена 16S рРНК гостальных генетических линий у H. fasciata выделить не удалось. У черноморских G. perezi не обнаружено значительных различий по фрагменту 16S между трематодами из окончательных хозяев разных видов, однако внутривидовое 16S-нуклеотидное разнообразие оказалось высоким.
DNA damage can affect various regulatory elements of the genome, with the consequences for DNA structure, dynamics, and interaction with proteins remaining largely unexplored. We used solution NMR spectroscopy, restrained and free molecular dynamics to obtain the structures and investigate dominant motions for a set of DNA duplexes containing CpG sites permuted with combinations of 5-methylcytosine (mC), the primary epigenetic base, and 8-oxoguanine (oxoG), an abundant DNA lesion. Guanine oxidation significantly changed the motion in both hemimethylated and fully methylated DNA, increased base pair breathing, induced BI→BII transition in the backbone 3' to the oxoG and reduced the variability of shift and tilt helical parameters. UV melting experiments corroborated the NMR and molecular dynamics results, showing significant destabilization of all methylated contexts by oxoG. Notably, some dynamic and thermodynamic effects were not additive in the fully methylated oxidized CpG, indicating that the introduced modifications interact with each other. Finally, we show that the presence of oxoG biases the recognition of methylated CpG dinucleotides by ROS1, a plant enzyme involved in epigenetic DNA demethylation, in favor of the oxidized DNA strand. Thus, the conformational and dynamic effects of spurious DNA oxidation in the regulatory CpG dinucleotide can have far-reaching biological consequences.
This work aims at studying thermal expansion of ice Ih based gas hydrates that play important role in self-preservation effect of classical gas hydrates.

Linear thermal expansion of ice Ih based hydrogen hydrates are calculated using a very effective statistical thermodynamic model of gas hydrates developed by the authors of this work. Molecular structures of all studied systems are obtained by MD simulations, and all parameters required by the model are obtained by using Quasiharmonic Lattice Dynamic approach.

In accordance with our calculations, introduction of hydrogen into the system not only significantly affects the unit cell parameter of ice, but also increases linear thermal expansion and makes it comparable to the classical gas hydrates such as CH 4 , CO 2 , etc.
New types of triple-decker complexes with an organo-substituted P5 middle-deck were synthesized by the reaction of [Cp*Fe(η4-P5R)]- (1a: R = CH2SiMe3; 1b: R = NMe2) with halogeno-bridged transition metal dimers [Cp'''MX]2 (M = Cr, Fe, Co, Ni; X = Cl, Br).

By oxidation of [(Cp*Fe)(Cp'''Co)(μ,η4:3-P5CH2SiMe3)] 2a with [Cp2Fe][PF6], the cationic complex [(Cp*Fe)(Cp'''Co)(μ,η5:4-P5CH2SiMe3)]+ was isolated.

The electronic structure of the synthesized complexes was elucidated by DFT calculations.
The article analyses the state of public health in modern Russia, the dynamics of demographic indicators, healthy life expectancy, primary and general morbidity, disability, mortality in infancy and working age. We also present comparisons using international statistics from the World Bank, the World Health Organization and the OECD. Further, we give the characteristic of the factors influencing public health in Russia. The article presents the results of Russian researchers of public health and their foreign colleagues, showing that most of the deaths and diseases of Russians are the result of an incorrect lifestyle. The most significant contribution to mortality and health deterioration has such phenomena as high blood pressure (which itself is a consequence of an unhealthy lifestyle), alcohol abuse, smoking and overweight. The most detailed attention we paid to the underfunding of the health care industry and the negative consequences of the process of its reform.