Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
In this paper, we demonstrate the application of deep neural networks (DNNs) for processing the reflectance spectrum from a fiberoptic temperature sensor composed of densely inscribed fiber bragg gratings (FBG). Such sensors are commonly avoided in practice since close arrangement of short FBGs results in distortion of the spectrum caused by mutual interference between gratings. In our work the temperature sensor contained 50 FBGs with the length of 0.95 mm, edge-to-edge distance of 0.05 mm and arranged in the 1500–1600 nm spectral range. Instead of solving the direct peak detection problem for distorted signal, we applied DNNs to predict temperature distribution from entire reflectance spectrum registered by the sensor. We propose an experimental calibration setup where the dense FBG sensor is located close to an array of sparse FBG sensors. The goal of DNNs is to predict the positions of the reflectance peaks of the reference sparse FBG sensors from the reflectance spectrum of the dense FBG sensor. We show that a convolution neural network is able to predict the positions of FBG reflectance peaks of sparse sensors with mean absolute error of 7.8 pm that is slightly higher than the hardware reused interrogator equal to 5 pm. We believe that dense FBG sensors assisted with DNNs have a high potential to increase spatial resolution and also extend the length of a fiber optical sensors.
In this research, a cuprizone model of multiple sclerosis (MS) was used to study oligodendrogenesis and neurogenesis in remyelination. It has been shown that, with the administration of cuprizone, the amount of myelin in a number of structures of white and gray matter and the level of neurogenesis decrease, while the level of oligodendrogenesis increases. The withdrawal of cuprizone leads to the restoration of myelin content, the reduction of the excessive production of oligodendrocytes and to the restoration of the number of neurons to control values. The negative correlation between the number of oligodendrocyte precursors (OPCs) and the degree of demyelination of the corpus callosum indicates migration of OLG precursors from the subventricular zone (SVZ) to the structure during demyelination.
The philosophical nature of the two versions of paraphrasing the Gorgias’ treatise On Non-Being — the skeptical version by Sextus Empiricus and the peripatetic version by an anonymous author — are discussed. The paper gives a comparative analysis of the arguments upheld by the informants enunciating Gorgias’ thoughts, demonstrates the range of philosophical problems, which Gorgias considered, judging by the reports of his speech, and shows how both versions add to and clarify each other in terms of philosophical issues. The work provides insights as to how Gorgias modernizes and transforms the initial attitudes of Parmenides, shifting the reasoning plan: from how thought can be directed to an object and the qualities of this object to how thought can be directed to the non-existent. Accordingly, the problems of intentionality in the Gorgias’ teaching are considered as well as the privileged status of any of mental states, the nature of word or speech as an autonomous way to develop knowledge about external objects, the issue of meaning as a reference, and inter-subjectivity in cognition. A conclusion is reached that giving preference to one of the paraphrasing versions impoverishes our understanding of the Gorgias’ teaching considerably, while the joint analysis of both versions demonstrates the engagement of the sophistic issues raised by Gorgias, in the philosophical and, particularly, the epistemological paradigm of the ancient as well as modern philosophy.
We present a measurement of the decay B−→τ−ν¯τ using a data sample containing 657×106 BB¯ pairs collected at the Υ(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e+e− collider. A sample of B+B− pairs are tagged by reconstructing one B+ meson decaying semileptonically. We detect the B−→τ−ν¯τ candidate in the recoil. We obtain a signal with a significance of 3.6 standard deviations including systematic uncertainties, and measure the branching fraction to be B(B−→τ−ν¯τ)=[1.54−0.37+0.38(stat)−0.31+0.29(syst)]×10−4. This result confirms the evidence for B−→τ−ν¯τ obtained in a previous Belle measurement that used a hadronic B tagging method.Received 21 June 2010DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.82.071101© 2010 The American Physical Society
In this paper investigate the series of experiments on wetting and extraction of moisture from specimens of aerated cellular concrete. The dynamics of moisture absorption was obtained for two wetting methods: capillary wetting and absorption. The dynamics of moisture extraction from aerated cellular concrete was studied experimentally in three drying regimes: acoustic-convective, thermal-convective, and natural. In the acoustic-convective drying regime, the frequency and intensity of the working flow influence the dynamics of moisture extraction from the dried specimens. The experimental data obtained for thermal-convective drying has a bilinear distribution. It was described by two linear kinetic equations of drying, from which the characteristic rates of the processes involved were obtained. It has been shown that the natural process of drying occurs very slowly, with the temperature and moisture content of the environment having a significant effect on the drying rate. Using the relaxation model, it has been established that the relaxation time for acoustic-convective drying is 18 min and does not depend on the parameters of the drying flow.
The aim of the study was to explore the ecological diversity of wild birds in Siberia, which are the natural reservoir of avian influenza virus (AIV).

Cloacal swabs and intestinal fragments were collected from wild migratory birds from 2007‒2014. Isolated viruses were grown in the allantoic cavity of embryonated chicken eggs. The presence of virus was determined using hemagglutination assays. Primary identification and subtyping of influenza viruses was confirmed by RT-PCR. A total of 2300 samples obtained from wild migratory birds of 8 orders were collected and tested.

Influenza was detected in 185 birds of 3 orders. Species of family Anatidae (order Anseriformes) such as European Teal (Anas crecca), Garganey Teal (A. querquedula), and Shoveler (A. clypeata) play the main role in AIV circulation in the south of Western Siberia. The proportion of viral carriers among waterfowl ranged from 5.6 to 20% in 2007‒2014. The order Charadriiformes had lower virus isolation rates of not more than 1.4%. Wild migratory waterfowl of orders Anseriformes and Charadriiformes are the main reservoir of AIV in the south of Western Siberia. This area plays a key role in persistence, evolution, and geographical distribution of avian influenza.
Objective: to study the prevalence of depression and anxiety and the pattern of sleep disorders in 45-69-year-old population with different levels of depression and anxiety in Russia (Siberia). Patients and methods. A total of 4171 Novosibirsk dwellers were surveyed. Men and women were 42.4 and 57.6%, respectively. Depression and anxiety were assessed using the modified scales, such as Welsh's Depression (WD) and Bending's Anxiety (BA) Scales, the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, and the Jenkins Sleep Questionnaire (JSQ). Results. Depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders are significantly common in the Russian/Siberian population aged 45–69 years. The frequency of high depression and anxiety levels were 20.4% (51.3% of the respondents had medium and high depression) and that of anxiety was 15.6% (61.8% of the respondents were found to have medium and high anxiety). The women were noted to have higher levels of depression (21.4%) and anxiety (17.8%) than the men (19 and 12.5%, respectively). No clear relationship was found between high depression levels and age. Apparently, the value of age after 45 years is reduced and the level of depression remains approximately the same in 45–69-year-olds. The study of the relationship between the level of anxiety and age established that it was absent in the older men aged 45–69 years and the women showed a U-distribution characterized by the maximum proportion of individuals with high and low anxiety levels in the 65–69-year age group. Impaired sleep quality and sleep duration were more common in women (24 and 62%) than in men (18 and 59%). There was a relationship between the high level of depression and the duration and quality of sleep: more than 40% of the respondents with high levels of depression had impaired sleep quality and 65% had impaired sleep duration. Conclusion. The high incidence of cardiovascular diseases in Siberia (Russia) is associated with the widespread of psychosocial risk factors, such as high anxiety and depression levels and sleep disorders. The survey has demonstrated that the population shows a high demand for preventing these conditions.
The effect of food deprivation (for 16 h on day 15 and day 18 of gestation) on reproduction in water voles (Arvicola terrestris) and their offspring was examined. In food-deprived mothers, fecundity was diminished and sex ratio of young was skewed toward males. Maternal food deprivation in late pregnancy had no effect on the reproductive performance of young males, but it increased reproductive potency of young females. A prolonged positive effect of food restriction on reproduction of female offspring may be important in restoring the size of the population in the next generation.
We sequenced genomes from a ∼7,000 year old early farmer from Stuttgart in Germany, an ∼8,000 year old hunter-gatherer from Luxembourg, and seven ∼8,000 year old hunter-gatherers from southern Sweden.

We analyzed these data together with other ancient genomes and 2,345 contemporary humans

to show that the great majority of present-day Europeans derive from at least three highly differentiated populations: West European Hunter-Gatherers (WHG), who contributed ancestry to all Europeans but not to Near Easterners; Ancient North Eurasians (ANE), who were most closely related to Upper Paleolithic Siberians and contributed to both Europeans and Near Easterners; and Early European Farmers (EEF), who were mainly of Near Eastern origin but also harbored WHG-related ancestry. We model these populations’ deep relationships and show that EEF had ∼44% ancestry from a “Basal Eurasian” lineage that split prior to the diversification of all other non-African lineages.
In this mini-review, division of labour and communication in highly social Formica species are considered at the individual level.Group-retrieving Formica species enjoy flexible and rational communication based on task allocation between scouts and foragers within small stable working teams.Scouts are able to memorise and pass abstract information to foragers, in particular, the information about a sequence of turns on the way to a feeder, whereas foragers are not able to transmit information.A field model of the situation in which ants act collectively to perform a specific task could be the organisation of honeydew collection in the tree crown.In F. polyctena, groups of aphid tenders include members of different professions (shepherds, guards, transporters and scouts) which stay in stable cohesion for a few weeks.ÐÅÇÞÌÅ.
The article describes the system of scientific-engineering training at the Plasma Physics Department at the Physical Department, NSU with the active participation in this process of researchers from the plasma laboratories of the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The text gives an idea of plasma as a subject studied in this department, and then consistently reflects the following information: the history of the department, the special courses taught in the department, the subjects of undergraduate and graduate theses, the achievements of graduates of the department in the last decade. Taking into account the main topic of scientific research in the plasma laboratories of the BINP SB RAS, the text gives an overview of the work at the plasma facilities operating at the institute and outlines the prospect of creating a next-generation linear plasma trap (GDMT). Particular attention is paid to the prospect of using open magnetic systems for hot plasma confinement in relation to solving the problem of controlled thermonuclear fusion, since these systems should serve as the field of primary activity for future graduates of the Department of Plasma Physics.
The spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis compromises effective control of tuberculosis (TB) in Siberia. Early identification of drug-resistant isolates is, therefore, crucial for effective treatment of this disease. The aim of this study was to conduct drug susceptibility testing and identify mutations in drug resistance genes in clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis from some TB patients presenting for treatment in Siberia. Thirty randomly selected clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis were obtained from the Novosibirsk Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Russia. Isolates were screened for drug resistance and characterized by variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR)-typing using 15 standard and four additional loci. Deligotyping on multiple large sequences was performed using 10 loci. Twenty-nine of the isolates were assigned XDR status. Twenty-eight isolates belonged to the M. tuberculosis Beijing family, from which 11 isolates were considered the M11 type (39%), two the M2 type (7%), and one the M33 type (3%). Seventeen isolates (60.7%) from this family exhibited unique genetic patterns. The remaining two isolates belonged to the Latino-American Mediterranean family. Gene sequences (rpoB, katG, rrs, rpsL, tlyA, gidB, gyrA, gyrB) were analyzed to identify mutations that confer resistance to rifampicin, isoniazid, amikacin, kanamycin, capreomycin, and ofloxacin. The most common mutations among the XDR isolates were S531L in RpoB, S315T in KatG, various codon 94 mutations in gyrA, A90V in GyrA, K43R in RpsL, and 1401 A → G in rrs; these confer resistance to rifampicin, isoniazid, ofloxacin, streptomycin and kanamycin/capreomycin, respectively. There was high congruence between the two typing methods (VNTR typing and deligotyping) and RD105, RD149, RD152, RD181, and RD207 regions of difference were absent from the 28 Beijing family isolates. Deligotyping can be used for rapid and reliable screening of M. tuberculosis isolates, followed by more in-depth genotyping. Identification of Beijing family isolates with extensive drug resistance confirms that such strains have epidemiological importance in Siberia. Rapid detection of mutations that lead to drug resistance should facilitate selection of effective drug therapies, and the development of early prevention strategies to combat this infection.
Objective : to investigate the association of the polymorphic marker Val158Met in the catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) gene with depression in an open population aged 25–44 years. Patients and methods . A representative sample of the population living in Oktjabr'skij district of Novosibirsk aged 25– 44 years (427 men, median age – 34±0.4 years, response rate – 71%; 548 women, median age 35±0.4 years, response rate – 72%) was screened in 2013–2016 (budget framework № 0324- 2018-0001, Reg. № AAAA-A17-117112850280-2). In addition to the standard epidemiological examination, screening participants underwent psychological testing, which determined the level of depression. Study participants who underwent COMT Val158Met (rs4680) polymorphism genotyping were randomly assigned to a cohort of 224 men and 217 women. Pearson's χ2 test was used to test the statistical significance of differences between these groups; p≤0.05 was considered statistically significant in all types of analysis. Results and discussion . In an open population aged 25–44 years, the prevalence of severe depression (SD) was 13.2%, moderate depression – 24.4%. SD was more prevalent in COMT G/G genotype carriers (61.8%), compared to A/A genotype carriers (38.2%; χ 2 =6.097; df=2, p=0.047); the G allele carriers also had a higher prevalence of SD (55.3%), compared to A allele carries (44.7%; χ 2 =5.408; df=1; p=0.02). SD was less prevalent among male COMT A/A genotype carriers (15.8%), compared to G/A genotype carriers (84.2%; χ 2 =4.603; df=1; p=0.032). SD was more prevalent in female G/G genotype carriers (65.5%), compared to A/A genotype carriers (34.5%; χ 2 =4.769; df=1; p=0.029). The G allele was more common among women with SD (58.2%) than the A allele (41.8%; χ 2 =6.658; df=2; p=0.01). In a logistic regression model, COMT Val/Val genotype in the studied population [Relative risk (RR) 1.594], as well as G (Val) allele in the studied population (RR=1.378) and women (RR=1.557), significantly increased the risk of depression. Conclusion. The data allows us to assume that COMT G/G polymorphism may be linked to a high depression level.
Only three glycine co-crystals with carboxylic acids were reported till now: those with glutaric[1a], DL-tartaric[1b] and phthalic acids[1c]. Co-crystallisation of glycine with some other carboxylic acids (oxalic, malonic, maleic) gives molecular salts. The reason why the three selected carboxylic acids form not salts, but co-crystals with glycine remains unclear. No obvious correlations with any physiochemical properties of acidic co-formers such as solubility, acidity, dissolution rate, geometry of molecule, etc. could be suggested. Intermolecular interactions in these crystals are of great interest and can be probed, in particular, by varying temperature and pressure in a wide range. The effect of pressure and temperature on a co-crystal of glycine with glutaric acid was investigated in our research group under low temperatures[2] and high pressure[3] and a first order phase transition giving the same new polymorph was observed (at 220 K and 1.75 GPa, respectively). No variable-temperature or variable-pressure studies of co-crystals of glycine with DL-tartaric and phthalic acids were reported. The aim of the present study was to compare the behavior of three glycinium co-crystals at low temperature and high pressure. The changes in the unit cell volumes and parameters, as well as in the geometry of the hydrogen bonds were analysed. The orientation of principal axes of strain ellipsoid with respect to the main structural motifs and relative linear strain values along these axes were calculated. The conformations and the local environment of glycine molecules, as well as the hydrogen-bonded motifs were compared for three co-crystals. The work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) (Grants No. 14-03-31866 mol_a, 13-03-92704 IND_a), Russian Ministry of Science and Education and Russian Academy of Sciences.
The paper describes the current state of agent-based modeling of geographical space and spatial economic systems. We explore reasons why this approach to modeling spatial phenomena is of particular interest. A survey of approaches to introducing space into the models and examples of the existing spatial models is presented.

Agent-based models (ABMs) allow accounting for agents’ spatial heterogeneity, the existing structure of the space, locality of interactions between agents.

There is a great variety of spatial ABMs, but they relate predominantly to the local and city level, rather than to the economy as a whole. Spatial ABMs at the level of large regions and countries are not yet sufficiently developed, but have good prospects in the future. With increasing availability of geodata and technological development in general the number of applications and coverage of spatial ABM will grow
The paper is devoted to the experimental study of the growth of mass flux pulsations and disturbances of total temperature at the laminar-turbulent transition process in a modulated swept-wing boundary layer at Mach number of the oncoming flow M = 2 and 2.5.

Total temperature and mass flow pulsations were measured by a constant-temperature anemometer (CTA), operating in the scanning regime.

It was found that at laminar-turbulent transition process the ratio of the mass flow and total temperature pulsations remains almost constant.
We report the measurement of the direct CP asymmetry in the radiative B¯→X(s+dγ) decay using a data sample of (772 ± 11)×10(6) BB[over ¯] pairs collected at the ϒ(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e(+)e(-) collider.

The CP asymmetry is measured as a function of the photon energy threshold. For Eγ*≥2.1 GeV, where Eγ* is the photon energy in the center-of-mass frame,

we obtain A(CP)(B¯→X(s+dγ))=(2.2±3.9±0.9)%, consistent with the standard model prediction.
Chromosomal rearrangements that lead to recombination suppression can have a significant impact on speciation, and they are also important for breeding. The regions of recombination suppression in wheat chromosome 5B were identified based on comparisons of the 5B map of a cross between the Chinese Spring (CS) variety of hexaploid wheat and CS-5Bdic (genotype CS with 5B substituted with its homologue from tetraploid Triticum dicoccoides) with several 5B maps of tetraploid and hexaploid wheat. In total, two regions were selected in which recombination suppression occurred in cross CS × CS-5Bdic when compared with other maps: one on the short arm, 5BS_RS, limited by markers BS00009810/BS00022336, and the second on the long arm, 5BL_RS, between markers Ra_c10633_2155 and BS00087043. The regions marked as 5BS_RS and 5BL_RS, with lengths of 5 Mb and 3.6 Mb, respectively, were mined from the 5B pseudomolecule of CS and compared to the homoeologous regions (7.6 and 3.8 Mb, respectively) of the 5B pseudomolecule of Zavitan (T. dicoccoides). It was shown that, in the case of 5BS_RS, the local heterochromatin islands determined by the satellite DNA (119.2) and transposable element arrays, as well as the dissimilarity caused by large insertions/deletions (chromosome rearrangements) between 5BSs aestivum/dicoccoides, are likely the key determinants of recombination suppression in the region. Two major and two minor segments with significant loss of similarity were recognized within the 5BL_RS region. It was shown that the loss of similarity, which can lead to suppression of recombination in the 5BL_RS region, is caused by chromosomal rearrangements, driven by the activity of mobile genetic elements (both DNA transposons and long terminal repeat retrotransposons) and their divergence during evolution. It was noted that the regions marked as 5BS_RS and 5BL_RS are associated with chromosomal rearrangements identified earlier by С-banding analysis of intraspecific polymorphism of tetraploid emmer wheat. The revealed divergence in 5BS_RS and 5BL_RS may be a consequence of interspecific hybridization, plant genetic adaptation, or both.
New versions of the collocations and least squares method of high-order accuracy are proposed and implemented for the numerical solution of the boundary value problems for the biharmonic equation in non-canonical domains. The solution of the biharmonic equation is used for simulating the stress-strain state of an isotropic plate under the action of transverse load. The differential problem is projected into a space of fourth-degree polynomials by the CLS method. The boundary conditions for the approximate solution are put down exactly on the boundary of the computational domain. The versions of the CLS method are implemented on the grids which are constructed in two different ways. It is shown that the approximate solution of problems converges with high order. Thus it matches with high accuracy with the analytical solution of the test problems in the case of known solution in the numerical experiments on the convergence of the solution of various problems on a sequence of grids.