Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Argyria is an acquired skin condition that appears after the exposure or consumption of silver, leading to blue or grey coloration of the skin and mucosa. The aim of the present work was to draw researchers’ attention to two aspects of the argyria that until now have not received enough consideration. They are: (1) the process of delivering silver compound from the gastrointestinal tract to the skin and (2) the possibility for silver chloride to participate in this process along with the silver proteinates.

Illustrative experiments included the observation of color change (visual and using UV-Vis spectrometry) under different light exposure conditions of silver chloride sol in a sweat-simulating solution, in vials and under pig skin (in direct contact).

A hypothetical mechanism based on a perspiration system for delivering the silver compounds from the gastrointestinal tract to the skin for argyria was proposed. It was also proposed not to completely exclude the partial participation of silver chloride along with the silver proteinates in this process.
Ovothiol A (OSH) is one of the strongest natural antioxidants. So far, its presence was found in tissues of marine invertebrates, algae and fish. Due to very low pKa value of the SH group, under physiological conditions, this compound is almost entirely present in chemically active thiolate form and reacts with ROS and radicals significantly faster than other natural thiols. In biological systems, OSH acts in tandem with glutathione GSH, with OSH neutralizing oxidants and GSH maintaining ovothiol in the reduced state.

In the present work, we report the rate constants of OSH oxidation by H2O2 and of reduction of oxidized ovothiol OSSO by GSH and we estimate the Arrhenius parameters for these rate constants. The absorption spectra of reaction intermediates, adduct OSSG and sulfenic acid OSOH, were obtained. We also found that OSH effectively quenches the triplet state of kynurenic acid with an almost diffusion-controlled rate constant.

This finding indicates that OSH may serve as a good photoprotector to inhibit the deleterious effect of solar UV irradiation; this assumption explains the high concentrations of OSH in the fish lens. The unique antioxidant and photoprotecting properties of OSH open promising perspectives for its use in the treatment of human diseases.
The SARS-CoV-2 is the third coronavirus in addition to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV that causes severe respiratory syndrome in humans. All of them likely crossed the interspecific barrier between animals and humans and are of zoonotic origin, respectively. The origin and evolution of viruses and their phylogenetic relationships are of great importance for study of their pathogenicity and development of antiviral drugs and vaccines.

The main objective of the presented study was to compare two methods for identifying relationships between coronavirus genomes: phylogenetic one based on the whole genome alignment followed by molecular phylogenetic tree inference and alignment-free clustering of triplet frequencies, respectively, using 69 coronavirus genomes selected from two public databases.

Both approaches resulted in well-resolved robust classifications. In general, the clusters identified by the first approach were in good agreement with the classes identified by the second using K-means and the elastic map method, but not always, which still needs to be explained. Both approaches demonstrated also a significant divergence of genomes on a taxonomic level, but there was less correspondence between genomes regarding the types of diseases they caused, which may be due to the individual characteristics of the host. This research showed that alignment-free methods are efficient in combination with alignment-based methods. They have a significant advantage in computational complexity and provide valuable additional alternative information on the genomes relationships.
The discriminatory policy of the Soviet leadership in the Siberian countryside in the late 1920s and the first half of the 1930s led to the outflow of rural population to large cities, as well as to the destruction of social structure of Siberia with peasants being the dominant group in the population. Organized recruitment did not produce significant results due to a number of reasons as opposed to spontaneous migration.

Based on the analysis of petitions for the restoration of the voting rights of the 'deprived' in the Iskitim and Maslyaninsky districts of Western Siberia, the behavioral practices of the 'deprived' in the process of forced migration to cities are reconstructed.

The retreat to the cities was one of the tactics of the struggle of the 'deprived' for the restoration of their rights. The evaluation of the effectiveness of this tactic showed that the 'deprived' achieved their goal in most cases only when a significant evidence base was attached to the petitions.
Sturgeons seem to be frozen in time. The archaic characteristics of this ancient fish lineage place it in a key phylogenetic position at the base of the ~30,000 modern teleost fish species. Moreover, sturgeons are notoriously polyploid, providing unique opportunities to investigate the evolution of polyploid genomes. We assembled a high-quality chromosome-level reference genome for the sterlet, Acipenser ruthenus . Our analysis revealed a very low protein evolution rate that is at least as slow as in other deep branches of the vertebrate tree, such as that of the coelacanth. We uncovered a whole-genome duplication that occurred in the Jurassic, early in the evolution of the entire sturgeon lineage. Following this polyploidization, the rediploidization of the genome included the loss of whole chromosomes in a segmental deduplication process. While known adaptive processes helped conserve a high degree of structural and functional tetraploidy over more than 180 million years, the reduction of redundancy of the polyploid genome seems to have been remarkably random.
It is well-documented that (bio)chemical reaction capacity of raw potato starch depends on crystallinity, morphology and other chemical and physical properties of starch granules, and these properties are closely related to gene functions. Preparative yield, amylose/amylopectin content, and phosphorylation of potato tuber starch are starch-related traits studied at the genetic level.

In this paper, we perform a genome-wide association study using a 22K SNP potato array to identify for the first time genomic regions associated with starch granule morphology and to increase number of known genome loci associated with potato starch yield.A set of 90 potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) varieties from the ICG "GenAgro" collection (Novosibirsk, Russia) was harvested, 90 samples of raw tuber starch were obtained, and DNA samples were isolated from the skin of the tubers. Morphology of potato tuber starch granules was evaluated by optical microscopy and subsequent computer image analysis. A set of 15,214 scorable SNPs was used for the genome-wide analysis.

In total, 53 SNPs were found to be significantly associated with potato starch morphology traits (aspect ratio, roundness, circularity, and the first bicomponent) and starch yield-related traits.A total of 53 novel SNPs was identified on potato chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11 and 12; these SNPs are associated with tuber starch preparative yield and granule morphology. Eight SNPs are situated close to each other on the chromosome 1 and 19 SNPs-on the chromosome 2, forming two DNA regions-potential QTLs, regulating aspect ratio and roundness of the starch granules. Thirty-seven of 53 SNPs are located in protein-coding regions. There are indications that granule shape may depend on starch phosphorylation processes. The GWD gene, which is known to regulate starch phosphorylation-dephosphorylation, participates in the regulation of a number of morphological traits, rather than one specific trait. Some significant SNPs are associated with membrane and plastid proteins, as well as DNA transcription and binding regulators. Other SNPs are related to low-molecular-weight metabolite synthesis, and may be associated with flavonoid biosynthesis and circadian rhythm-related metabolic processes. The preparative yield of tuber starch is a polygenic trait that is associated with a number of SNPs from various regions and chromosomes in the potato genome.
usually discussed three more complex ones

We find set of necessary and sufficient conditions for CP conservation in the most general 2HDM in terms of observable quantities

This set contains two relatively easily testable simple conditions instead of usually discussed three more complex ones
Derivatives of natural diterpenoid lambertianic acid containing alkyne and dialkyne substituent in the furan ring were obtained.

1,3-Triazole-incarporated furan bridged macrocycles have been prepared by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of methyl 15,16-bis[(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)methyl]lambertianate with various diazides in the presence of Cu(II)/sodium ascorbate in methylene chloride/water reaction medium.
The zygotic combinatorial process is found when analyzing F1 hybrid plants obtained from crossing homozygous forms different, minimum, in two marker enzymes, and it is found in that hybrid plant which, with one marker enzyme heterozygous spectrum, has a homozygous spectrum of the other.

Experimental data that prove the existence of the zygotic combinatorial process occurring in an embryogenesis-entering zygote are presented in the paper.

The zygotic combinatorial process leads to F1 hybrids uniformity aberration. The zygotic combinatory process revealed in the study is supposed to be conditioned by chromosome polyteny in mother plant cells and diminution of chromatin excess from the embryogenesisentering zygote. An obligatory condition for combinatorial process is the presence of free exchange of chromatides among homological chromosomes in an embryogenesis-entering cell, i.e. the presence of crossing-over analogous to the one proceeding at meiosis.
The electrical conductivity of graphene materials is strongly sensitive to the surface adsorbates, which makes them an excellent platform for the development of gas sensor devices. Functionalization of the surface of graphene opens up the possibility of adjusting the sensor to a target molecule. Here, we investigated the sensor properties of fluorinated graphene films towards exposure to low concentrations of nitrogen dioxide NO2. The films were produced by liquid-phase exfoliation of fluorinated graphite samples with a composition of CF0.08, CF0.23, and CF0.33. Fluorination of graphite using a BrF3/Br2 mixture at room temperature resulted in the covalent attachment of fluorine to basal carbon atoms, which was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron and Raman spectroscopies. Depending on the fluorination degree, the graphite powders had a different dispersion ability in toluene, which affected an average lateral size and thickness of the flakes. The films obtained from fluorinated graphite CF0.33 showed the highest relative response ca. 43% towards 100 ppm NO2 and the best recovery ca. 37% at room temperature.
The successful transfer of parahydrogen-induced polarization to 15N spins using heterogeneous catalysts in aqueous solutions was demonstrated. Hydrogenation of a synthesized unsaturated 15N-labeled precursor (neurine) with parahydrogen (p-H2) over Rh/TiO2 heterogeneous catalysts yielded a hyperpolarized structural analog of choline. As a result, 15N polarization enhancements of over two orders of magnitude were achieved for the 15N-ethyl trimethyl ammonium ion product in deuterated water at elevated temperatures. Enhanced 15N NMR spectra were successfully acquired at 9.4 T and 0.05 T. Importantly, long hyperpolarization lifetimes were observed at 9.4 T, with a 15N T1 of ~6 min for the product molecules, and the T1 of the deuterated form exceeded 8 min. Taken together, these results show that this approach for generating hyperpolarized species with extended lifetimes in aqueous, biologically compatible solutions is promising for various biomedical applications.
This article proposes the generalized model of Van der Pol — Duffing equation for describing the relaxation oscillations in local brain hemodynamics. This equation connects the velocity and pressure of blood flow in cerebral vessels. The equation is individual for each patient, since the coefficients are unique. Each set of coefficients is built based on clinical data obtained during neurosurgical operation in Siberian Federal Biomedical Research Center named after Academician E. N. Meshalkin. The equation has solutions of different structure defined by the coefficients and right side. We investigate the equations for different patients considering peculiarities of their vessel systems. The properties of approximate analytical solutions are studied. Amplitude-frequency and phase-frequency characteristics are built for the small-dimensional solution approximations.
The paper discusses argumentation in popular science articles written by scholars. The authors focus on argumentative framework, which is presented by opposition of an expert’s judgment (argument from expert opinion) and a common, “naive” view (one from popular opinion). The framework consists of a thesis being opposed (by a subject of common sense); its authorization marker; an opposing structural constant/propositional connective; an expert’s thesis; its authorization marker; general conclusion. In summary, this paper argues that the elements of the argumentative framework can be explicit, implicit, or be presented grammatically. Text analysis of popular science articles leads to the following conclusions. (1) The opposed thesis and opposing link are typically explicit. (2) The subject of common sense can be represented by lexical and syntactic expressions of indefinite-personality, impersonality together with unreal mood and epistemic modality of uncertain knowledge (One would think…; smth may seem…; many noticed that…) etc. (3) An expert’s thesis, as a rule, is presented as a negation of the opposed statement. (4) An authorization marker of the expert’s opinion is consistently implicit. The reason is that an expert writes the entire text (except for parts with authorization markers), and in this case the additional expression of this fact is optional. (5) Normally, the general conclusion is the same as the expert’s thesis, therefore it is rarely if ever explicit.
The authors present results of excavations of the Tolbor 21 and Tolbor 4 sites, situated in the Tolbor River valley, a tributary of the Selenga River, Northern Mongolia. In 2021, studies of the multilayered Tolbor-21 site that documents human habitation throughout the Upper Paleolithic were resumed.

We focus on the stratigraphy, spatial distribution of the finds, zooarcheological data and description of lithic artifacts recovered from the continuing excavation of Pit 2 in the eastern part of site. We present the division of the site cultural sequence into 6 horizons and description of a newly discovered storage pit. We also provide the overall results of studies at the multilayer Tolbor-4 site carried out in 2017 and 2021. The goal of the new phase of research in 2021 was to clarify the site stratigraphy and collect samples for new series of radiocarbon and OSL dates.

Preliminary results presented here provide the evidence of residential activity during accumulation of the Initial Upper Paleolithic horizon 4, the exploitation of medium/large herbivores, and a potential structured use of space. The site is the key object for understanding the Upper Paleolithic sequence of lithic industry development in northern Mongolia.
The article poses the problem of modeling processes associated with the construction of large-scale infrastructural projects in the context of the Bering Strait tunnel (road construction in the Far North). The purpose of the simulation is to identify potential problems and estimate losses for various participants in similar projects. The study is based on such a simulation method as multi-agent modeling. The article describes the basics of building the topology of a multi-agent system in relation to this task: decomposing a process into subprocesses, identifying the main active agents, describing of the characteristics (attributes) of these agents, determining the type of their interaction. The article also presents a graph that is the prototype of a multi-agent system for a specific subject area and a description of the interactions of the identified agents.
A comprehensive review of physics at an e⁺e⁻ linear collider in the energy range of √s=92 GeV–3 TeV is presented in view of recent and expected LHC results, experiments from low-energy as well as astroparticle physics.

The report focusses in particular on Higgs-boson, top-quark and electroweak precision physics, but also discusses several models of beyond the standard model physics such as supersymmetry, little Higgs models and extra gauge bosons.

The connection to cosmology has been analysed as well.
We report the results of a search for a charmonium-like state produced in the process gamma gamma --> omega J/psi in the 3.9-4.2 GeV/c^2 mass region. We observe a significant enhancement, which is well-described by a resonant shape with mass M = (3915 +/- 3 +/- 2) MeV/c^2 and total width Gamma = (17 +/- 10 +/- 3) MeV. This enhancement may be related to one or more of the three charmonium-like states so far reported in the 3.90-3.95 GeV/c^2 mass region.
A detailed quantitative numerical analysis of partially coherent quasi-CW fiber laser is performed on the example of high-Q cavity Raman fiber laser.

The key role of precise spectral performances of fiber Bragg gratings forming the laser cavity is clarified. It is shown that cross phase modulation between the pump and Stokes waves does not affect the generation.

Amplitudes of different longitudinal modes strongly fluctuate obeying the Gaussian distribution. As intensity statistics is noticeably non-exponential, longitudinal modes should be correlated.
Photoperiod insensitive Ppd-1a alleles determine early flowering of wheat. Increased expression of homoeologous Ppd-D1a and Ppd-A1a result from deletions in the promoter region, and elevated expression of Ppd-B1a is determined by an increased copy number.

In this study, using bread wheat cultivars Sonora and PSL2, which contrast in flowering time, and near-isogenic lines resulting from their cross, 'Ppd-m' and 'Ppd-w' with Ppd-B1a introgressed from Sonora, we investigated the putative factors that influence Ppd-B1a expression. By analyzing the Ppd-B1a three distinct copies, we identified an indel and the two SNPs, which distinguished the investigated allele from other alleles with a copy number variation. We studied the expression of the Ppd-A1, Ppd-B1a, and Ppd-D1 genes along with genes that are involved in light perception (PhyA, PhyB, PhyC) and the flowering initiation (Vrn-1, TaFT1) and discussed their interactions. Microsatellite genotyping demonstrated that in the line 'Ppd-m', there is an introgression in the pericentromeric region of chromosome 5B from the early flowering parental Sonora, while the 'Ppd-w' does not have this introgression. Using in silico analysis, we demonstrated that the specificity of the Ppd-B1 regulation compared to that of homoeologous genes involves not only a copy number variation but also distinct regulatory elements.

Expression of Ppd-B1a in the 'Ppd-m' line, which flowered four days earlier than 'Ppd-w', was significantly higher. We found PhyC to be up-regulated in lines with Ppd-B1a alleles. Expression of PhyC was higher in 'Ppd-m'. FHY3/FAR1 is known to be located in this region. Expression of the transcription factor FHY3/FAR1 was higher in the 'Ppd-m' line than in 'Ppd-w', suggesting that FHY3/FAR1 is important for the wheat flowering time and may cause earlier flowering of 'Ppd-m' as compared to 'Ppd-w'. We propose that there is a positive bidirectional regulation of Ppd-B1a and PhyC with an FHY3/FAR1 contribution. The bidirectional regulation can be proposed for Ppd-A1a and Ppd-D1a.
Positive isotope effects have been found in electron cyclotron resonant heating plasma of the Large Helical Device (LHD). The global energy confinement time (τE) in deuterium (D) plasma is 16% better than in hydrogen (H) plasma for the same line-averaged density and absorption power. The power balance analyses showed a clear reduction in ion energy transport, while electron energy transport does not change dramatically. The global particle confinement time (τp) is degraded in D plasma; τp in D plasma is 20% worse than in H plasma for the same line-averaged density and absorption power. The difference in the density profile was not due to the neutral or impurity sources, but rather was due to the difference in the transport. Ion scale turbulence levels show isotope effects. The core turbulence (ρ = 0.5–0.8) level is higher in D plasma than in H plasma in the low collisionality regime and is lower in D plasma than in H plasma. The density gradient and collisionality play a role in the core turbulence level.
Auxin responsive elements (AuxRE) were found in upstream regions of target genes for ARFs (Auxin response factors). While Chip-seq data for most of ARFs are still unavailable, prediction of potential AuxRE is restricted by consensus models that detect too many false positive sites. Using sequence analysis of experimentally proven AuxREs, we revealed both an extended nucleotide context pattern for AuxRE itself and three distinct types of its coupling motifs (Y-patch, AuxRE-like, and ABRE-like), which together with AuxRE may form the composite elements. Computational analysis of the genome-wide distribution of the predicted AuxREs and their impact on auxin responsive gene expression allowed us to conclude that: (1) AuxREs are enriched around the transcription start site with the maximum density in 5'UTR; (2) AuxREs mediate auxin responsive up-regulation, not down-regulation. (3) Directly oriented single AuxREs and reverse multiple AuxREs are mostly associated with auxin responsiveness. In the composite AuxRE elements associated with auxin response, ABRE-like and Y-patch are 5'-flanking or overlapping AuxRE, whereas AuxRE-like motif is 3'-flanking. The specificity in location and orientation of the coupling elements suggests them as potential binding sites for ARFs partners.
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is an infectious agent that has taken enormous economic toll on cattle breeding worldwide.

Effective breeding requires the search of molecular and genetic markers of susceptibility to this infectious disease.

CXC chemokines and their receptors play an important role during different stages of LV infection.
We consider evolution of the Universe after EWSB leading to the present inert phase, containing a SM-like Higgs boson and scalar dark particles, among them a Dark Matter candidate.We address the question, if there is a possibility to have a sequence of the phase transitions instead of a single one leading directly from EW symmetric phase to the inert one.