Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Let {S_n, n≥1} be a random walk with independent and identically distributed increments, and let {g_n, n≥1} be a sequence of real numbers. Let T_g denote the first time when S_n leaves (g_n,∞). Assume that the random walk is oscillating and asymptotically stable, that is, there exists a sequence {c_n, n≥1} such that S_n/c_n converges to a stable law.

In this paper we determine the tail behavior of T_g for all oscillating asymptotically stable walks and all boundary sequences satisfying g_n=o(c_n).

Furthermore, we prove that the rescaled random walk conditioned to stay above the boundary up to time n converges, as n→∞, towards the stable meander.
Time-resolved dynamics of the photodissociation of molecular oxygen, O2, via the Σu−3 ion-pair state have been studied with femtosecond time resolution using a pump-probe scheme in combination with velocity map imaging of the resulting O+ and O− ions.

The fourth harmonic of a femtosecond titanium-sapphire (Ti:sapphire) laser (λ≈205nm) was found to cause three-photon pumping of O2 to a level at 18.1eV. The parallel character of the observed O+ and O− images allowed us to conclude that dissociation takes place on the Σu−3 ion-pair state. The 815nm fundamental of the Ti:sapphire laser used as probe was found to cause two-photon electron photodetachment starting from the O2 ion-pair state, giving rise to (O(P3)+O+(S4)) products. This was revealed by the observed depletion of the yield of the O− anion and the appearance of a new O+ cation signal with a kinetic energy Etransl(O+) dependent on the time delay between the pump and probe lasers. This time-delay dependence of the dissociation dynamics on the ion-pair state has also been simulated.

The experimental and simulated results coincide very well over the experimental delay-time interval from about 130fsto20ps where two- or one-photon photodetachment takes place, corresponding to a change in the R(O+,O−) interatomic distance from 12 to about 900Å. This is one of the first implementations of a depletion scheme in femtosecond pump-probe experiments which could prove to be quite versatile and applicable to many femtosecond time-scale experiments.
This article deals with simulation and analytical solution of the problem of wet material drying under the action of a plane electromagnetic wave of the microwave range.

The mathematical model of microwave drying is considered at two stages: the heating stage and the drying stage. The temperature field of the material in the mode of heating, under the absorption conditions of microwave radiation according to the Beer–Lambert law, is found analytically, strictly with the use of the Fourier and Laplace transforms. In time, the first stage ends at the moment when the maximum temperature inside the material reaches the temperature of the water-vapor phase transition. The drying process is studied as heat transfer in a three-phase medium with two unsteadily moving boundaries of phase transformations, the rate of which is not known in advance and is determined from the Stefan balance ratio. The temperature distribution in this regime is found analytically with the use of asymptotic procedures.

In addition, important characteristics such as drying time, drying temperature, drying speed, and other parameters needed for practical applications are found.
Regulation of eukaryotic gene transcription is controlled by specific proteins transcription factors. Transcription factors bind certain regions of genomic DNA (binding sites or motives). Common action of two or more transcription factors is widespread mechanism of transcription factor action. Hence, the term 'composite element' implied two closely located and frequently occurred in genomic DNA motives. Composite elements are partitioned onto those with two overlapped motifs, or with these two motifs separated with a spacer. Currently, the chromatin immunoprecipitation high throughput approach ChIP-seq is used to locate binding sites for a certain 'anchor' transcription factor in vivo in genomic scale. Thus, the search of composite elements with the help of ChIP-seq whole-genome transcription factor binding profiles is the actual bioinformatics issue. But existing approaches for prediction of composite elements on the basis of ChIP-seq data either omit an overlap of motifs (but require only a single ChIP-seq dataset) or consider an overlap of motifs (but require additional ChIP-seq data for a partner motif). But, ChIP-seq experiments are very expensive.

In the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, MCOT program has been recently developed. It performs search of motifs taking into account their overlaps based on a single ChIP-seq dataset. MCOT is a console application and does not have many user friendly functions like data preparation and report generation. This work presents a web service WebMCOT for prediction of co-occurred DNA motifs in ChIP-seq data. WebMCOT consists of three parts: client, server, and worker. Software tools list, architecture and web interface are presented.
The nucleolus is a dynamic non-membrane-bound nuclear organelle, which plays key roles not only in ribosome biogenesis but also in many other cellular processes. Consistent with its multiple functions, the nucleolus has been implicated in many human diseases, including cancer and degenerative pathologies of the nervous system and heart. Here, we report the characterization of the Drosophila Non3 (Novel nucleolar protein 3) gene, which encodes a protein homologous to the human Brix domain-containing Rpf2 that has been shown to control ribosomal RNA (rRNA) processing. We used imprecise P-element excision to generate four new mutant alleles in the Non3 gene. Complementation and phenotypic analyses showed that these Non3 mutations can be arranged in an allelic series that includes both viable and lethal alleles. The strongest lethal allele (Non3∆600) is a genetically null allele that carries a large deletion of the gene and exhibits early lethality when homozygous. Flies heterozygous for Non3∆600 occasionally exhibit a mild reduction in the bristle size, but develop normally and are fertile. However, heteroallelic combinations of viable Non3 mutations (Non3197, Non3310 and Non3259) display a Minute-like phenotype, consisting in delayed development and short and thin bristles, suggesting that they are defective in ribosome biogenesis. We also demonstrate that the Non3 protein localizes to the nucleolus of larval brain cells and it is required for proper nucleolar localization of Fibrillarin, a protein important for post-translational modification and processing of rRNAs. In summary, we generated a number of genetic and biochemical tools that were exploited for an initial characterization of Non3, and will be instrumental for future functional studies on this gene and its protein product.
There are significant changes in the structure of the upper tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) leaves systemically infected with tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) especially in the light green tissue (LGT). Dark green areas (DGI) had intermediate status between healthy tissue and LGT. DGI contained significantly less infectious TMV and viral antigen than the LGT. The DGI, LGT and healthy tissues did not differ in the permeability of cell membranes and in the set of acidic pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins but the total content of PR-proteins in the healthy plants was higher than in the infected ones with the DGI being intermediate between healthy tissue and LGT. The crude leaf extracts from DGI and LGT showed less total ribonuclease activity and ribonuclease isozymes in comparison with control.
We report a measurement of the branching fraction of the exclusive charmless semileptonic decay ${B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\omega}{\ensuremath{\ell}}^{+}\ensuremath{\nu}$, where $\ensuremath{\ell}$ is either an electron or a muon. We use samples of ${B}^{+}$ mesons tagged by a reconstructed charmed semileptonic decay of the other $B$ meson in the event.

The measurement is based on a data set of $426.1\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 10.58 GeV recorded with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ storage rings.

We measure a branching fraction of $\mathcal{B}({B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\omega}{\ensuremath{\ell}}^{+}\ensuremath{\nu})=(1.35\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.21\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.11)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$, where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. We also present measurements of the partial branching fractions in three bins of ${q}^{2}$, the invariant-mass squared of the lepton-neutrino system, and we compare them to theoretical predictions of the form factors.
Growing evidence suggests that increased arginase activity affects vital bioprocesses in various systems and universally mediates the pathogenesis of numerous metabolic diseases. The adverse effects of arginase are associated with a severe decline in L-arginine bioavailability, which leads to nitric oxide synthase substrate insufficiency, uncoupling, and, eventually, to superoxide anion generation and substantial reduction of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. In cooperation, it contributes to chronic oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction, which might lead to hypertension and atherosclerosis. Recent preclinical investigations point to arginase as a promising therapeutic target in ameliorating metabolic and vascular dysfunctions. In the present study, adult rats with inherited stress-induced arterial hypertension (ISIAH) were used as a model of hypertension. Wistar rats served as normotensive controls. Experimental animals were intraperitoneally administered for seven days with non-proteinogenic amino acid L-norvaline (30 mg/kg/day), which is a potent arginase inhibitor, or with the vehicle. Blood pressure (BP), body weight, and diuresis were monitored. The changes in blood and urine levels of creatinine, urea, and NO metabolites were analyzed. We observed a significant decline in BP and induced diuresis in ISIAH rats following the treatment. The same procedure did not affect the BP of control animals. Remarkably, the treatment had no influence upon glomerular filtration rate in two experimental groups, just like the daily excretion of creatinine and urea. Conversely, NO metabolites levels were amplified in normotonic but not in hypertensive rats following the treatment. The data indicate that L-norvaline is a potential antihypertensive agent, and deserves to be clinically investigated. Moreover, we suggest that changes in blood and urine are causally related to the effect of L-norvaline upon the BP regulation.
The characterization of major resistance genes (R genes) in the potato remains an important task for molecular breeding. However, R genes are rapidly evolving and frequently occur in genomes as clusters with complex structures, and their precise mapping and identification are complicated and time consuming. Comparative analysis of root transcriptomes of Solanum phureja genotypes with contrasting resistance to Globodera rostochiensis revealed a number of differentially expressed genes. However, compiling a list of candidate R genes for further segregation analysis was hampered by their scarce annotation. Nevertheless, combination of transcriptomic analysis with data on predicted potato NBS-LRR-encoding genes considerably improved the quality of the results and provided a reasonable number of candidate genes that provide S. phureja with strong resistance to the potato golden cyst nematode. Combination of comparative analyses of tissue-specific transcriptomes in resistant and susceptible genotypes may be used as an approach for the rapid identification of candidate potato R genes for co-segregation analysis and may be used in parallel with more sophisticated studies based on genome resequencing.
MOTIVATION: The goal of the work was to develop a WWW-oriented computer system providing a maximal integration of informational and software resources on the regulation of gene expression and navigation through them. Rapid growth of the variety and volume of information accumulated in the databases on regulation of gene expression necessarily requires the development of computer systems for automated discovery of the knowledge that can be further used for analysis of regulatory genomic sequences. RESULTS: The GeneExpress system developed includes the following major informational and software modules: (1) Transcription Regulation (TRRD) module, which contains the databases on transcription regulatory regions of eukaryotic genes and TRRD Viewer for data visualization; (2) Site Activity Prediction (ACTIVITY), the module for analysis of functional site activity and its prediction; (3) Site Recognition module, which comprises (a) B-DNA-VIDEO system for detecting the conformational and physicochemical properties of DNA sites significant for their recognition, (b) Consensus and Weight Matrices (ConsFrec) and (c) Transcription Factor Binding Sites Recognition (TFBSR) systems for detecting conservative contextual regions of functional sites and their recognition; (4) Gene Networks (GeneNet), which contains an object-oriented database accumulating the data on gene networks and signal transduction pathways, and the Java-based Viewer for exploration and visualization of the GeneNet information; (5) mRNA Translation (Leader mRNA), designed to analyze structural and contextual properties of mRNA 5'-untranslated regions (5'-UTRs) and predict their translation efficiency; (6) other program modules designed to study the structure-function organization of regulatory genomic sequences and regulatory proteins. AVAILABILITY: GeneExpress is available at http://wwwmgs.bionet.nsc. ru/systems/GeneExpress/ and the links to the mirror site(s) can be found at http://wwwmgs.bionet.nsc.ru/mgs/links/mirrors.html+ ++.
For the first time the influence of noise amplification on decay of modulated continuous-wave pumping into a pulse series in an optical fiber is considered. Dependence of noise-to-signal ratio in pulse train at fibre exit on initial modulation depth obtained both analytically and by means of numerical simulations. The minimum modulation frequency is estimated which leads to a regular pulse train formation from CW pumping.
In some cases, the drilling of oil and gas wells requires support for the drilling process, which consists in monitoring the parameters and making urgent decisions. Accompanying drilling takes place using the existing communication channels between the office and drilling. Satellite and mobile communications are most common. They are characterized by a low speed of receiving and transmitting data, frequent disconnects, the use of NAT.

As part of this work, a software tool has been developed for transparent access to drilling parameters and measurements while drilling from a telemetry system in order to organize remote tracking via existing communication channels, taking their limitations into account. The software was based on the implementation of the SSH protocol, which provided compression and encryption of the transmitted data and transparent access to TCP services at the rig.

This makes it possible to use existing software to access drilling measurements, which makes it possible to reduce the amount of data transferred in comparison with remote desktops. The software has been tested in conditions close to the field, and has shown its suitability for solving the tasks it was designed for.
Motility is a key adaptation factor in scarce marine environments inhabited by bacteria. The question of how a capacity for adaptive migrations influences the success of a microbial population in various conditions is a challenge addressed in this study. We employed the agent-based model of competition of motile and sedentary microbial populations in a confined aquatic environment supplied with a periodic batch nutrient source to assess the fitness of both. Such factors as nutrient concentration in a batch, batch period, mortality type and energetic costs of migration were considered to determine the conditions favouring different strategies: Nomad of a motile population and Settler of a sedentary one. The modelling results demonstrate that dynamic and nutrient-scarce environments favour motile populations, whereas nutrient-rich and stagnant environments promote sedentary microorganisms. Energetic costs of migration determine whether or not the Nomad strategy of the motile population is successful, though it also depends on such conditions as nutrient availability. Even without penalties for migration, under certain conditions, the sedentary Settler population dominates in the ecosystem. It is achieved by decreasing the local nutrient availability near the nutrient source, as motile populations relying on a local optimizing strategy tend to follow benign conditions and fail, enduring stress associated with crossing the valleys of suboptimal nutrient availability.
We report on the observation of magnetic quantum ratchet effect in metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect-transistors on silicon surface (Si-MOSFETs).

We show that the excitation of an unbiased transistor by ac electric field of terahertz radiation at normal incidence leads to a direct electric current between the source and drain contacts if the transistor is subjected to an in-plane magnetic field. The current rises linearly with the magnetic field strength and quadratically with the ac electric field amplitude. It depends on the polarization state of the ac field and can be induced by both linearly and circularly polarized radiation.

We present the quasi-classical and quantum theories of the observed effect and show that the current originates from the Lorentz force acting upon carriers in asymmetric inversion channels of the transistors.
A letter of the staff members of the Aarcheographic Commission of the USSR Academy of Sciences V. Pavlov-Silvansky and N. Samorukova from the first academic archeographic expedition to the Far East is
The teaching of mathematics should reflect the global trends in the development of mathematical and pedagogical scientific thought. The authors develop guidelines for studying mathematics in the 1st grade based on the Federal State Educational Standard. Thus, the structure and the form of the textbook content are described by chapter. The theoretical part should allow students to complete screening questions, univariate and multivariate tests, problems, and exercises. Each chapter of the developed textbook is divided into paragraphs, and each paragraph is divided into items. One item of theoretical material contains either a new idea to study or a set of interrelated concepts that define a new idea. According to this, it is possible to form mathematical knowledge trajectories. So, there are broad opportunities to transform knowledge elements into multimedia forms, including presentations, videos, test modules, and other newly emerging means of representation and visualization, using the achievements of artificial intelligence. It is possible to define main themes such as natural numbers counting, acquaintance with geometric shapes, comparison of objects in the value and quantity, acquaintance with a squared paper and measurement standards, the study of objects position, the sets consideration, introduction to the algorithm concept can. The authors’ conceptual directions of teaching mathematics in the 1st grade provide the foundation for mathematical education in general education schools for all the years of study.
Бюджетная система государства рассматривается в статье как сложноструктурированный феномен финансово-правовой действительности

применяются традиционный и макросистемный подходы к определению ее сущности
Experimental data are presented on the effect of inert (He, N2, Ar, CO2) and reactive (SH4, O2, CF3Br, (CH3O)3PO) gas additives to hydrogen flow and ambient air on flame separation during diffusion combustion of a hydrogen microjet emanating from a round micronozzle into air.

The micronozzle is a stainless steel tube with an inner diameter of 0.5 mm, a length of 30 mm, and a wall thickness of 0.1 mm. The shadow method is used to determine the critical hydrogen velocity at which the flame of the hydrogen microjet separates from the nozzle upon injection of additives into air and into the hydrogen flow.

It is found that the addition of the above gases to hydrogen narrows the microjet velocity range in which stabilization of the flame can be achieved with injection of both inert and reactive additives. For the hydrogen flow with the additives studied, the critical velocity of flame separation from the micronozzle depends primarily on the mean molecular weight of the gas mixture. In the case of the addition of the gases to the air surrounding the diffusion flame, the critical velocity of flame separation is determined by their effect on the chemical reactions of hydrogen oxidation (inhibiting effect) and by the reduction of oxygen concentration due to air dilution with the additive. The results could be of interest to experts in hydrogen energetics for determining the conditions of stable hydrogen microjet combustion and the minimum concentrations of flame-suppressing additives to air preventing the ignition and combustion of hydrogen after its accidental release.
Using 1.06×108 ψ(3686) events recorded in e+e− collisions at √s=3.686 GeV with the BESIII at the BEPCII collider, we present searches for C-parity violation in J/ψ→γγ and γϕ decays via ψ(3686)→J/ψπ+π−. No significant signals are observed in either channel. Upper limits on the branching fractions are set to be B(J/ψ→γγ)<2.7×10−7 and B(J/ψ→γϕ)<1.4×10−6 at the 90% confidence level. The former is one order of magnitude more stringent than the previous upper limit, and the latter represents the first limit on this decay channel.Received 15 September 2014DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.90.092002© 2014 American Physical Society
Synaptonemal complex (SC) chains were revealed in semisterile intraspecific F1 hybrids of Ellobius tancrei Blasius, 1884 (2n = 49, NF=56 and 2n=50, NF=56), heterozygous for Robertsonian (Rb) translocations. Chains were formed by Rb submetacentrics with monobrachial homology. Chromosome synapsis in spermatocytes of these hybrids was disturbed, apparently because of the problematic release of the chromosomes from the SC chains. These hybrids suffer from low fertility, and our data support the opinion that this is because a formation of Rb metacentrics with monobrachial homology within different races of the same species might be an initial event for the divergence of chromosomal forms.
The ability to use molecular hydrogen, H2, as a buffer gas in spin exchange optical pumping of noble gases enables the production of hydrogen gas containing a low percentile (5%) of hyperpolarized (HP) 129Xe as a tracer for in situ NMR spectroscopy of hydrogenation reactions. It is demonstrated that the xenon chemical shift, observed in the porous space of Pt-containing alumina pellets, can be used to monitor the temperature changes under rapidly progressing, nonsteady-state conditions during start-up of the catalytic reaction. Standard proton MR imaging was successfully applied to provide in situ evaluation of conversion for the catalyst used in this work.