Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
This paper is concerned with the numerical solution of the unified first order hyperbolic formulation of continuum mechanics recently proposed by Peshkov and Romenski [110], further denoted as HPR model. In that framework, the viscous stresses are computed from the so-called distortion tensor A, which is one of the primary state variables in the proposed first order system. A very important key feature of the HPR model is its ability to describe at the same time the behavior of inviscid and viscous compressible Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids with heat conduction, as well as the behavior of elastic and visco-plastic solids. Actually, the model treats viscous and inviscid fluids as generalized visco-plastic solids. This is achieved via a stiff source term that accounts for strain relaxation in the evolution equations of A. Also heat conduction is included via a first order hyperbolic system for the thermal impulse, from which the heat flux is computed. The governing PDE system is hyperbolic and fully consistent with the first and the second principle of thermodynamics. It is also fundamentally different from first order Maxwell–Cattaneo-type relaxation models based on extended irreversible thermodynamics. The HPR model represents therefore a novel and unified description of continuum mechanics, which applies at the same time to fluid mechanics and solid mechanics. In this paper, the direct connection between the HPR model and the classical hyperbolic–parabolic Navier–Stokes–Fourier theory is established for the first time via a formal asymptotic analysis in the stiff relaxation limit. From a numerical point of view, the governing partial differential equations are very challenging, since they form a large nonlinear hyperbolic PDE system that includes stiff source terms and non-conservative products. We apply the successful family of one-step ADER–WENO finite volume (FV) and ADER discontinuous Galerkin (DG) finite element schemes to the HPR model in the stiff relaxation limit, and compare the numerical results with exact or numerical reference solutions obtained for the Euler and Navier–Stokes equations. Numerical convergence results are also provided. To show the universality of the HPR model, the paper is rounded-off with an application to wave propagation in elastic solids, for which one only needs to switch off the strain relaxation source term in the governing PDE system. We provide various examples showing that for the purpose of flow visualization, the distortion tensor A seems to be particularly useful.
Scenario research results of heat transfer and tissue damage in three-layered tree trunk influenced by heat flux from forest fire are presented.

The problem is solved in two-dimensional statement in polar coordinates. The typical range of influence parameters (heat flux from forest fire front, trunk radius, coniferous species, air temperature, duration of exposure and distance from fire line) is considered. Temperature distributions in different moments of time are obtained.

Condition of tree damage by forest fire influence is under consideration in this research. Information summarized using tables with scenario and fire consequences results.
Speech synthesis is widely used in many practical applications. In recent years, speech synthesis technology has developed rapidly. However, one of the reasons why synthetic speech is unnatural is that it often has over-smoothness.

In order to improve the naturalness of synthetic speech, we first extract the mel-spectrogram of speech and convert it into a real image, then take the over-smooth mel-spectrogram image as input, and use image-to-image translation Generative Adversarial Networks(GANs) framework to generate a more realistic mel-spectrogram.

Finally, the results show that this method greatly reduces the over-smoothness of synthesized speech and is more close to the mel-spectrogram of real speech.
We present here a comprehensive study of the light yield of primary and secondary scintillations produced in gaseous and liquid Ar in the near infrared (NIR) and visible region, at cryogenic temperatures.

The measurements were performed using Geiger-mode avalanche photodiodes (GAPDs) and pulsed X-ray irradiation.

The primary scintillation yield of the fast emission component in gaseous Ar was found to be independent of temperature in the range of 87–160 K; it amounted to 17000±3000 photon/MeV in the NIR in the range of 690–1000 nm. In liquid Ar at 87 K, the primary scintillation yield of the fast component was considerably reduced, amounting to 510±90 photon/MeV, in the range of 400–1000 nm. Proportional NIR scintillations (electroluminescence) in gaseous Ar were also observed; their amplification parameter at 160 K was measured to be 13 photons per drifting electron per kV. No proportional scintillations were observed in liquid Ar up to the electric fields of 30 kV/cm. The applications of NIR scintillations in dark matter search and coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering experiments and in ion beam radiotherapy are considered.
The aim of the research is to verify the association with sudden cardiac death (SCD) of single nucleotide polymorphisms rs10867772 and rs4700290, identified as new molecular genetic markers of SCD in the own genome-wide pooled allelotyping.

Material and methods . Case-control study. The SCD group is formed using the criteria of the European Society of Cardiology from the DNA bank of suddenly deceased residents of the Oktyabrsky district of Novosibirsk (n = 437, average age—53.1 ± 9.0 years, men — 73.5%, women — 26.5%) The control group (n = 405, average age 53.2 ± 9.2 years, men — 70.0%, women — 30.0%) is formed from the DNA bank of participants of MONICA and HAPIEE projects. DNA was isolated by phenol-­chloroform extraction from myocardial tissue in the SCD group and venous blood in the control group. Genotyping was performed by the PCR-RFLP method.

Results . No statistical significance was found in allele and genotype frequencies of rs10867772 and rs4700290 between groups, even in separating in sex and age (p> 0.05). Conclusion. Single nucleotide polymorphism rs10867772 and rs4700290 are not associated with SCD.
The genome of a red fox (Vulpes vulpes) was recently sequenced and assembled using next-generation sequencing (NGS). The assembly is of high quality, with 94X coverage and a scaffold N50 of 11.8 Mbp, but is split into 676,878 scaffolds, some of which are likely to contain assembly errors. Fragmentation and misassembly hinder accurate gene prediction and downstream analysis such as the identification of loci under selection. Therefore, assembly of the genome into chromosome-scale fragments was an important step towards developing this genomic model. Scaffolds from the assembly were aligned to the dog reference genome and compared to the alignment of an outgroup genome (cat) against the dog to identify syntenic sequences among species. The program Reference-Assisted Chromosome Assembly (RACA) then integrated the comparative alignment with the mapping of the raw sequencing reads generated during assembly against the fox scaffolds. The 128 sequence fragments RACA assembled were compared to the fox meiotic linkage map to guide the construction of 40 chromosomal fragments. This computational approach to assembly was facilitated by prior research in comparative mammalian genomics, and the continued improvement of the red fox genome can in turn offer insight into canid and carnivore chromosome evolution. This assembly is also necessary for advancing genetic research in foxes and other canids.
Serial block-face scanning electron microscopy (SBF-SEM) was used here to study tobacco male meiosis.

Three-dimensional ultrastructural analyses revealed that intercellular nuclear migration (INM) occurs in 90-100% of tobacco meiocytes. At the very beginning of meiosis, every meiocyte connected with neighboring cells by more than 100 channels was capable of INM. At leptotene and zygotene, the nucleus in most tobacco meiocytes approached the cell wall and formed nuclear protuberances (NPs) that crossed the cell wall through the channels and extended into the cytoplasm of a neighboring cell. The separation of NPs from the migrating nuclei and micronuclei formation were not observed. In some cases, the NPs and nuclei of neighboring cells appeared apposed to each other, and the gap between their nuclear membranes became invisible. At pachytene, NPs retracted into their own cells. After that, the INM stopped.

We consider INM a normal part of tobacco meiosis, but the reason for such behavior of nuclei is unclear. The results obtained by SBF-SEM suggest that there are still many unexplored features of plant meiosis hidden by limitations of common types of microscopy and that SBF-SEM can turn over a new leaf in plant meiosis research.
Monitoring studies were carried out according to generally accepted methods in the northern forest-steppe of West Siberia in 2019–2020, using the varieties collection of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS.

Studies have shown that the genotypes of spring wheat varieties had a significant impact on the functioning of the 'plant-phytopathogensaprotrophs' system. The parasitic activity of phytopathogens (Bipolaris sorokiniana Sacc. Shoem., Fusarium spp. Link.) differed in the varietal groups to 43.6 %. Varieties of Asian origin (China, India, Kazakhstan, Syria) were most affected by the root infections, Australian varieties were least affected by phytopathogens, due to the chemical composition of root exudates, which suppressed the number of parasitic and saprotrophic microorganisms. Varietal secretions of the wheat plants roots regulated the number of saprotrophic rhizospheric microorganisms. The share of the influence of the 'variety' factor on the number of saprotrophic soil microorganisms was 24.3 % and was reliable at a 1 % level.

The most sensitive to the composition and number of root exudates of wheat plants turned out to be bacteria of various trophic groups, the most resistant were micromycetes. In comparison with the background indices of non-rhizospheric soil, the number of cellulosolytic bacteria increased up to 3 times (West European varieties), bacteria consuming organic nitrogen – up to 5.6 times (Asian varieties), consumers of organic nitrogen forms – up to 2.9 times (West European varieties), oligonitrophilic bacteria – up to 12.7 times (Siberian varieties). Varieties far from the region of the study (Australia, Africa, America) exerted a repressive effect on the trophic groups of microorganisms, reducing their number in comparison with indicators of non-rhizospheric soil.
We report a simple and general method for the hyperpolarization of condensed gases by dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP). The gases are adsorbed in the pores of structured mesoporous silica matrices known as HYPSOs (HYper Polarizing SOlids) that have paramagnetic polarizing agents covalently bound to the surface of the mesopores. DNP is performed at low temperatures and moderate magnetic fields (T = 1.2 K and B0 = 6.7 T). Frequency-modulated microwave irradiation is applied close to the electron spin resonance frequency (f = 188.3 GHz), and the electron spin polarization of the polarizing agents of HYPSO is transferred to the nuclear spins of the frozen gas. A proton polarization as high as P(1H) = 70% can be obtained, which can be subsequently transferred to 13C in natural abundance by cross-polarization, yielding up to P(13C) = 27% for ethylene.
There has been considerable interest in discovery of the genetic architecture of complex traits, particularly age-related neurodegenerative disorders. To predict disease risk and to understand its genetic basis in humans, it is necessary to study animal models. Our previous research on the accelerated-senescence OXYS strain has revealed two quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on rat chromosome 1 that are associated with early cataract and/or retinopathy as well as with behavioral abnormalities. Each locus was partially mapped within the introgressed segments in a certain congenic strain: WAG/OXYS-1.1 or WAG/OXYS-1.2. Retinal transcriptome profiling of 20-day-old congenic and OXYS rats by high-throughput RNA sequencing uncovered relevant candidate genes and pathways. Nonetheless, the question remained open whether the same genetic components simultaneously have effects on various manifestations of the accelerated-senescence phenotype in OXYS rats. The present study was designed to analyze the genes of susceptibility to early neurodegenerative processes taking place in the OXYS rat retina and brain and to assess their potential functional clustering. The study was based on the findings from recent publications (including mapping of quantitative trait loci) and on comparative phenotyping of congenic rat strains. The backcrossing of Wistar Albino Glaxo (WAG) and OXYS strains to generate the congenics resulted in two congenic strains with high susceptibility to cataract and retinopathy but with no obvious signs of Alzheimer's disease-like brain pathology that are specific for OXYS rats. Thus, the genes of susceptibility to brain neurodegeneration were not introgressed into the congenic strains or there is a strong effect of the genetic background on the disease phenotype. Moreover, the progression of retinopathy with age was relatively less severe in the WAG background compared to the OXYS background. A comparative analysis of previously defined QTLs and congenic segments led to identification of candidate genes with a suspected effect on brain neurodegeneration including the genes showing differential expression in the congenic strains. Overall, our findings suggest that the cause of the cataract and the cause of retinopathy phenotypes in OXYS rats may be genetically linked to each other within the introgressed segments in the WAG/OXYS-1.1 and/or WAG/OXYS-1.2 congenic strains.
One of the main obstacles for successful cancer polychemotherapy is multiple drug resistance phenotype (MDR) acquired by tumor cells. Currently, RNA interference represents a perspective strategy to overcome MDR via silencing the genes involved in development of this deleterious phenotype (genes of ABC transporters, antiapoptotic genes, etc.).In this study, we used the siRNAs targeted to mdr1b, mdr1a, and bcl-2 mRNAs to reverse the MDR of tumors and increase tumor sensitivity to chemotherapeutics. The therapy consisting in ex vivo or in vivo application of mdr1b/1a siRNA followed by cyclophosphamide administration was studied in the mice bearing RLS40 lymphosarcoma, displaying high resistance to a wide range of cytostatics.Our data show that a single application of mdr1b/1a siRNA followed by treatment with conventionally used cytostatics results in more than threefold decrease in tumor size as compared with the control animals receiving only cytostatics.In perspective, mdr1b/1a siRNA may become a well-reasoned adjuvant tool in the therapy of MDR malignancies.
Humans are social beings and the self is inevitably conceptualized in terms of social environment. The degree to which the self is perceived as fundamentally similar or fundamentally different from other people is modulated by cultural stereotypes, such as collectivism and individualism. These stereotypes are not hardwired in our brains and individuals differ in the degree to which they adopt the attitudes that define their culture. Moreover, individuals can acquire multiple sets of cultural knowledge and, depending on the context, either individualistic or collectivistic cultural mindset could be activated.

In this study, we used cultural priming techniques to activate either individualistic or collectivistic mindset and investigated the association between source-level EEG connectivity in the default mode network (DMN) and spontaneous self-related thoughts in the subsequent resting state. Afterward, participants performed a social interaction task, in which they were allowed to choose between friendly, avoidant, or aggressive behavior.

After collectivism priming, self-related thoughts were associated with increased connectivity of DMN with the right temporoparietal junction (TPJ), which is involved in taking the perspective of others and is more active in representatives of collectivistic cultures, whereas after individualism priming they were associated with increased connectivity with the temporal pole, which is involved in self/other discrimination and is more active in representatives of individualistic cultures. Individual differences in the intensity of post-priming self-related thoughts and the strength of DMN-temporal pole connectivity predicted individual differences in behavior during the social interaction task, with individualistic mindset predisposing to more friendly and trustful social behavior.
Human apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease APE1 hydrolyzes phosphodiester bonds on the 5′ side of an AP-site, and some damaged nucleotides such as 1,N6-ethenoadenosine (εA), α-adenosine (αA), and 5,6-dihydrouridine (DHU). To investigate the mechanism behind the broad substrate specificity of APE1, we analyzed pre-steady-state kinetics of conformational changes in DNA and the enzyme during DNA binding and damage recognition. Molecular dynamics simulations of APE1 complexes with one of damaged DNA duplexes containing εA, αA, DHU, or an F-site (a stable analog of an AP-site) revealed the involvement of residues Asn229, Thr233, and Glu236 in the mechanism of DNA lesion recognition. The results suggested that processing of an AP-site proceeds faster in comparison with nucleotide incision repair substrates because eversion of a small abasic site and its insertion into the active site do not include any unfavorable interactions, whereas the insertion of any target nucleotide containing a damaged base into the APE1 active site is sterically hindered. Destabilization of the α-helix containing Thr233 and Glu236 via a loss of the interaction between these residues increased the plasticity of the damaged-nucleotide binding pocket and the ability to accommodate structurally different damaged nucleotides. Nonetheless, the optimal location of εA or αA in the binding pocket does not correspond to the optimal conformation of catalytic amino acid residues, thereby significantly decreasing the cleavage efficacy for these substrates.
A large data sample of e + e - → 4π collected by the CMD-3 experiment at the VEPP-2000 e + e − collider allowed for an amplitude analysis of the process e + e − → 4π in the center-of-mass energy range 900–2000 MeV. Various intermediate components were distinguished and dominance of the ωπ 0 and a 1 π amplitudes has been proved.
Grain morphometry in cereals is an important step in selecting new high-yielding plants. Manual assessment of parameters such as the number of grains per ear and grain size is laborious. One solution to this problem is image-based analysis that can be performed using a desktop PC. Furthermore, the effectiveness of analysis performed in the field can be improved through the use of mobile devices.

In this paper, we propose a method for the automated evaluation of phenotypic parameters of grains using mobile devices running the Android operational system.

The experimental results show that this approach is efficient and sufficiently accurate for the large-scale analysis of phenotypic characteristics in wheat grains. Evaluation of our application under six different lighting conditions and three mobile devices demonstrated that the lighting of the paper has significant influence on the accuracy of our method, unlike the smartphone type.
MOF-based composite material features superior proton conductivity at temperatures above 200 °C in dry atmosphere.
The paper provides a brief overview of recent computational studies of flow and heat transfer control by rotary oscillations of an infinite circular cylinder at a relatively broad set of imposed frequencies and amplitudes [1, 2].

A study for a previously unreachable high subcritical Reynolds number Re = 1.4 × 105 showed that the efficiency of this control method increases with Re concerning the issue of drag and lift reduction.

High-frequency oscillations even lead to around 90 % reduction of the drag. However, the benefits for heat transfer enhancement is not that obvious as the bulk Nusselt number shows only small variations. At the same time its angular distribution around the cylinder becomes much more homogeneous due to oscillations which practically can prevent local overheats.
By using the time-resolved chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization technique

we show that the neutral guanosyl radical, G(-H)˙, formed in the reaction of guanosine-5'-monophosphate with a triplet-excited 3,3',4,4'-tetracarboxy benzophenone in neutral aqueous solution

protonates readily at the N7 position with the formation of a new guanosyl cation radical (G˙+)'
The Star graph $$S_n$$ S n , $$n\geqslant 2$$ n ⩾ 2 , is the Cayley graph over the symmetric group $$\mathrm {Sym}_n$$ Sym n generated by transpositions $$(1~i),\,2\leqslant i \leqslant n$$ ( 1 i ) , 2 ⩽ i ⩽ n . This set of transpositions plays an important role in the representation theory of the symmetric group. The spectrum of $$S_n$$ S n contains all integers from $$-(n-1)$$ - ( n - 1 ) to $$n-1$$ n - 1 , and also zero for $$n\geqslant 4$$ n ⩾ 4 . In this paper we observe methods for getting explicit formulas of eigenvalue multiplicities in the Star graphs $$S_n$$ S n , present such formulas for the eigenvalues $$\pm (n-k)$$ ± ( n - k ) , where $$2\leqslant k \leqslant 12$$ 2 ⩽ k ⩽ 12 , and finally collect computational results of all eigenvalue multiplicities for $$n\leqslant 50$$ n ⩽ 50 in the catalogue.
This decay is predicted to proceed predominantly via the $b$\rightarrow$s$\gamma$ radiative penguin process with a high energy photon.

We search for the charmless ${B}^{0}$ decay with final state particles $p\overline{\mathrm{$\Lambda${}}}{$\pi${}}^{$-${}}$\gamma${}$ using the full data sample that contains $772\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1{0}^{6}B\overline{B}$ pairs collected at the $\mathrm{$\Upsilon${}}(4S)$ resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy ${e}^{+}{e}^{$-${}}$ collider.

No significant signal is found. We set an upper limit of $6.5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1{0}^{$-${}7}$ for the branching fraction of ${B}^{0}$\rightarrow$p\overline{\mathrm{$\Lambda${}}}{$\pi${}}^{$-${}}$\gamma${}$ at the 90% confidence level.
One of the main obstacles for successful cancer polychemotherapy is multiple drug resistance phenotype (MDR) acquired by tumor cells. Currently, RNA interference represents a perspective strategy to overcome MDR via silencing the genes involved in development of this deleterious phenotype (genes of ABC transporters, antiapoptotic genes, etc.).

In this study, we used the siRNAs targeted to mdr1b, mdr1a, and bcl-2 mRNAs to reverse the MDR of tumors and increase tumor sensitivity to chemotherapeutics. The therapy consisting in ex vivo or in vivo application of mdr1b/1a siRNA followed by cyclophosphamide administration was studied in the mice bearing RLS40 lymphosarcoma, displaying high resistance to a wide range of cytostatics.

Our data show that a single application of mdr1b/1a siRNA followed by treatment with conventionally used cytostatics results in more than threefold decrease in tumor size as compared with the control animals receiving only cytostatics.In perspective, mdr1b/1a siRNA may become a well-reasoned adjuvant tool in the therapy of MDR malignancies.