Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
We proposed and tested a method of experimental determination of the upper limit of RF resonator axis inclination to the beam axis. The electric field transverse component by such a perturbation deflects the particle trajectory. In the horizontal plane, a distortion of the closed orbit leads to a difference in the energies and spin precession frequencies of electrons and positrons in a storage collider with a single ring.
We study round turbulent jets with variable density using Direct numerical simulations (DNS) and Spectral element method (SEM) for spatial discretization. A fully developed turbulent air pipe flow at a Reynolds number Re = 5300 enters the volume filled with ambient gas (air, carbon dioxide or helium). The validation of DNS is performed using the data from the literature. We inspect the instantaneous velocity and concentration fields for all three cases with the emphasis on the typical vortical structures dominating the flow.
According to the results of a study that involved 32 psoriatic patients, nevi with the diameter exceeding 5 mm are found in 68.8% of patients including 36% of patients with iatrogenic melanoma development risk factors (treatment with methotrexate and phototherapy), 50% of patients with anamnestic (burn injuries including vesication at the age below 18) and 4.5% of patients with inherited risk factors (melanoma in their relatives).

As many as 32.4% of the nevi met the dysplastic nevi criteria in the course of the Pehamberger model analysis.
Background Hemoglobin is a tetramer consisting of two α-chains and two β-chains of globin. Hereditary aberrations in the synthesis of one of the globin chains are at the root of thalassemia, one of the most prevalent monogenic diseases worldwide. In humans, in addition to α- and β-globins, embryonic zeta-globin and fetal γ-globin are expressed. Immediately after birth, the expression of fetal Aγ- and Gγ-globin ceases, and then adult β-globin is mostly expressed. It has been shown that in addition to erythroid cells, hemoglobin is widely expressed in nonerythroid cells including neurons of the cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum in rodents; embryonic and adult brain neurons in mice; and mesencephalic dopaminergic brain cells in humans, mice, and rats. Lately, there is growing evidence that different forms of anemia (changes in the number and quality of blood cells) may be involved in (or may accompany) the pathogenesis of various cognitive and mental disorders, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, depression of various severity levels, bipolar disorders, and schizophrenia. Higher hemoglobin concentrations in the blood may lead to hyperviscosity, hypovolemia, and lung diseases, which may cause brain hypoxia and anomalies of brain function, which may also result in cognitive deficits. Methods In this study, a search for unannotated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of erythroid genes was initially performed using our previously created and published SNP-TATA_Z-tester, which is a Web service for computational analysis of a given SNP for in silico estimation of its influence on the affinity of TATA-binding protein (TBP) for TATA and TATA-like sequences. The obtained predictions were finally verified in vitro by an electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) . Results On the basis of these experimental in vitro results and literature data, we studied TATA box SNPs influencing both human erythropoiesis and cognitive abilities. For instance, TBP–TATA affinity in the HbZ promoter decreases 6.6-fold as a result of a substitution in the TATA box (rs113180943), thereby possibly disrupting stage-dependent events of “switching” of hemoglobin genes and thus causing erythroblastosis. Therefore, rs113180943 may be a candidate marker of severe hemoglobinopathies with comorbid cognitive and mental disorders associated with cerebral blood flow disturbances. Conclusions The literature data and experimental and computations results suggest that the uncovered candidate SNP markers of erythropoiesis anomalies may also be studied in cohorts of patients with cognitive and/or mental disorders with comorbid erythropoiesis diseases in comparison to conventionally healthy volunteers. Research into the regulatory mechanisms by which the identified SNP markers contribute to the development of hemoglobinopathies and of the associated cognitive deficits will allow physicians not only to take timely and adequate measures against hemoglobinopathies but also to implement strategies preventing cognitive and mental disorders.
The immune system is generally known to be the primary defense mechanism against pathogens. Any pathological conditions are reflected in anomalies in the immune system parameters. Increasing evidence suggests the involvement of immune dysregulation and neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.

In this systematic review, we summarized the available evidence of abnormalities in the immune system in schizophrenia. We analyzed impairments in all immune system components and assessed the level of bias in the available evidence.

It has been shown that schizophrenia is associated with abnormalities in all immune system components: from innate to adaptive immunity and from humoral to cellular immunity. Abnormalities in the immune organs have also been observed in schizophrenia. Evidence of increased C-reactive protein, dysregulation of cytokines and chemokines, elevated levels of neutrophils and autoantibodies, and microbiota dysregulation in schizophrenia have the lowest risk of bias. Peripheral immune abnormalities contribute to neuroinflammation, which is associated with cognitive and neuroanatomical alterations and contributes to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. However, signs of severe inflammation are observed in only about 1/3 of patients with schizophrenia. Immunological parameters may help identify subgroups of individuals with signs of inflammation who well respond to anti-inflammatory therapy. Our integrative approach also identified gaps in knowledge about immune abnormalities in schizophrenia, and new horizons for the research are proposed.
Recent topological band theory distinguishes electronic band insulators with respect to various symmetries and topological invariants, most commonly, the time reversal symmetry and the ${Z}_{2}$ invariant. The interface of two topologically distinct insulators hosts a unique class of electronic states---the helical states, which shortcut the gapped bulk and exhibit spin-momentum locking. The magic and so far elusive property of the helical electrons, known as topological protection, prevents them from coherent backscattering as long as the underlying symmetry is preserved.

Here we present an experiment that brings to light the strength of topological protection in one-dimensional helical edge states of a ${Z}_{2}$ quantum spin-Hall insulator in HgTe. At low temperatures, we observe the dramatic impact of a tiny magnetic field, which results in an exponential increase of the resistance accompanied by giant mesoscopic fluctuations and a gap opening.

This textbook Anderson localization scenario emerges only upon the time-reversal symmetry breaking, bringing the first direct evidence of the topological protection strength in helical edge states.
The paper is a script of a lecture given at the ISAPP-Baikal summer school in 2018. The lecture gives an overview of the Tunka Advanced Instrument for cosmic rays and Gamma Astronomy (TAIGA) facility including historical introduction, description of existing and future setups, and outreach and open data activities.
Aim . To study the prevalence of abdominal obesity in young people aged 25–44 years in Novosibirsk, as well as the prevalence of diseases and pathological conditions in individuals with abdominal obesity.

Materials and methods . We conducted a cross-sectional, population-based study of the population of Novosibirsk aged 25–44 years. The screening examined 1,415 people, including 670 men and 745 women. For all individuals, we evaluated the presence of such conditions as abdominal obesity (AO), arterial hypertension (AH), increased body mass index (BMI), coronary heart disease (according to validated epidemiologic and functional criteria with ECG findings classified according to the Minnesota Code), diabetes mellitus (DM), reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR), chronic bronchitis (CB), increased blood levels of total cholesterol (hypercholesterolemia) and lowdensity lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia).

Results . The prevalence of AO in the population of Novosibirsk aged 25–44 years was 42.4%: in men – 42.7%, in women – 42.1%. We found that AO had a significant direct effect on the development of AH (odds ratio (OR) = 2.550, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.899–3.422, p = 0.0001), CB (OR = 1.830, CI 1.326–2.527, p = 0.0001), hypercholesterolemia (OR = 1.486, CI 1.193–1.851, p = 0.0001), hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia (OR = 1.527, CI 1.222–1.907, p = 0.0001) and a reverse effect on reduced GFR (OR = 0.603, CI 0.427–0.852, p = 0.004). In the male population under 45 years of age, AO had a significant direct effect on the development of AH, CB, hypercholesterolemia, and hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia. In the female population under the age of 45, AO had a significant direct effect on the development of DM, AH, CB, and hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia and a reverse effect on the reduced GFR development. Conclusion . Therefore, in the young Siberian population under 45 years of age, abdominal obesity is associated with the development of common diseases and pathological conditions.
A report on the International Scientific Linguistic Conference LESEWA held under the aegis of the Institute of Countries of Asia and Africa of Moscow State University and St. Petersburg State University on 23–24 November in Moscow. Brief descriptions of the presented papers are given.
A comprehensive review of physics at an $$e^+e^-$$ linear collider in the energy range of $$\sqrt{s}=92$$ GeV–3 TeV is presented in view of recent and expected LHC results, experiments from low-energy as well as astroparticle physics. The report focusses in particular on Higgs-boson, top-quark and electroweak precision physics, but also discusses several models of beyond the standard model physics such as supersymmetry, little Higgs models and extra gauge bosons. The connection to cosmology has been analysed as well.
The Tunka-Grande scintillation array is part of the TAIGA Gamma Observatory. It is intended for investigation of energy spectrum and mass composition of primary cosmic rays in the energy range 10 PeV–10 EeV and the search for diffuse cosmic gamma rays. The TAIGA-HiSCORE Cherenkov array aims at observing gamma-rays with the energy from 1 TeV. TAIGA-Muon low-threshold scintillation detector array is a network of surface and underground detectors for registration charge particles of EAS. Currently, 3 clusters have been deployed. The first cluster is running in test mode. It is planed that in the future the total area of the TAIGA-Muon will be about 2000 sq. m.

To evaluate the possibility of join operation Tunka-Grande, TAIGA-Muon and TAIGA-HiSCORE, a simulation was performed using the CORSIKA and Geant4 software packages.

The status of model-based studies is presented and assessed the prospects for joint operation of the arrays.
From April to July 2018, a data sample at the peak energy of the resonance was collected with the Belle II detector at the SuperKEKB electron-positron collider. This is the first data sample of the Belle II experiment. Using Bhabha and digamma events, we measure the integrated luminosity of the data sample to be ( , where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. This work provides a basis for future luminosity measurements at Belle II.
The work is devoted to experimental study of the structure and acoustic radiation of a supersonic underexpanded jet Ma = 1, Npr = 5 with the presence of vortexgenerators in the form of small-sized jets injections.

Ten different configurations were tested, in which following the gas-dynamic and geometrical parameters of the microjets were changed one by one: microjets pressure, the injection distance from the main nozzle section, azimuthal, tangential, and axial angles of micronozzles inclination. The flow visualization, azimuthal Pitot pressure profiles and characteristics of jet noise in the far field were obtained.

It has been revealed that the injection of microjets in general leads to an increase in the jet long-range and a decrease in its mixing. The advantageous parameters of the microjets injection for reducing the jet acoustic emission are the injection point vicinity to the main nozzle section, micronozzles inclination to main jet axis and the small tangential angle of micronozzles. The micronozzles quantity effect is non-linearly in relation to the structure and the jet noise. The average pressure measuring distribution near artificial longitudinal vortices in a jet stream cannot predict the characteristics of its mixing and acoustic radiation.
Analysis of the laser cut surface morphology remain topical. It is related with the fact that the surface roughness is the main index of the cut quality.

The present paper deals with the experimental study of the relatively unstudied type of defects on the laser cut surface, dimples, or craters. According to the measurement results, amount of craters per unit of the laser cut surface area rises as the sheet thickness rises. The crater diameter rises together with the sheet thickness and distance from the upper sheet edge.

The obtained data permit concluding that the defects like craters are observed predominantly in the case of thick sheets. The results agree with the hypothesis of crater formation as impact structures resulting from the melt drops getting on the cut channel walls upon separation from the cut front by the gas flow.
Based on the comparative analysis of the existing econometric characteristics, it has been shown that the exponential trend is the best trend describing the energy intensity of an economy in permanent and variable prices. The presence of the exponential trend in the energy intensity reduction indicates that the rates of enhancing the efficiency of energy consumption reduce uniformly in time. It is proposed in this work to consider beta convergence for countries not at equal intervals of time but from the moment of the start of reduction for each specific region. In this work, a close relationship is demonstrated for countries between the rate of energy intensity reduction and the initial value of the energy intensity considered. Based on the revealed regularities, forecast of the change in the energy intensity of the economy was made for a long-term perspective till 2040.
To study the prevalence of a high normal arterial blood pressure (HNABP) depending on the age-sex and ethnic characteristics of the population of Mountain Shoria and its association with the cardiovascular risk factors and genetic markers.

We performed a cross-sectional study of the compactly settled population in the isolated areas of Mountain Shoria (Orton and Ust-Kabyrza villages) and in urban-type settlement Sheregesh. The sample of the Shor population was 901 subjects (284 men and 617 women). As the comparison group, we examined 508 non-indigenous (newly arrived) subjects (153 men and 355 women) in the indicated villages. All the respondents underwent a general clinical laboratory and instrumental examination. Polymorphisms of genes ACE (I/D, rs 4340), АGT (c.803T>C, rs699), AGTR1 (А1166С, rs5186), ADRB1 (с.145A>G, Ser49Gly, rs1801252), ADRA2B (I/D, rs 28365031), MTHFR (c.677С>Т, Ala222Val, rs1801133) and NOS3 (VNTR, 4b/4a) were tested using polymerase chain reaction.

The present study demonstrated a high prevalence of HNABP in the population of Mountain Shoria depending on ethnicity. Therefore, such patients require monitoring for an early detection of the increased blood pressure, control of risk factors, preventive examinations and dispensary observation.
DNA retrieved from a tooth discovered deep in Denisova Cave allows us to assign it to the Denisovans, a group of archaic hominins.
In laboratory experiments, purposeful predatory inter-relations with moving insects have been revealed and described in three species of herbivorous voles: the East European vole, the narrow-headed vole, and the Tuva silver vole. The appearance of the full hunting stereotype in these species does not require preliminary experience, which indicates its innate nature. The hunting behaviour of the Tuva silver vole differed from that of the East European vole and narrow-headed vole, which probably reflects the phylogenetic relationships between these species.
The Reynolds number Re = 6800 is considered based on the bulk velocity and half-width of the channel.

We use the open-source code nek5000 to assess the accuracy of high-order spectral element large-eddy simulations (LES) of a turbulent channel flow depending on the spatial resolution compared to the direct numerical simulation (DNS). The filtered governing equations are closed with the dynamic Smagorinsky model for subgrid stresses and heat flux.

The results show very good agreement between LES and DNS for time-averaged velocity and temperature profiles and their fluctuations. Even the coarse LES grid which contains around 30 times less points than the DNS one provided predictions of the friction velocity within 2.0% accuracy interval.
ferroelectric lead germanate

We measured ordinary and extraordinary refractive index and absorption of ferroelectric lead germanate in the range of 0.1—1.3 THz by the method of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. We studied soft mode behaviour with the rise of temperature by fitting imaginary part of the complex dielectric permittivity with three Lorentz oscillators.

We found that high birefringence and dichroism of lead germanate or its analogues can be used for manufacturing of effective terahertz polarizing filters.
The cover picture depicts a contrast between localized spins and conductive ions in the newly‐synthesized ionic liquid crystalline (ILC) nitroxide radicals.

The ILC droplet of the new compounds is magnetically manipulable.
The aim was to study the blood cytokine/chemokine profile of 25–44-year-old people with early ischemic heart disease (IHD) comorbid with abdominal obesity (AO).

A cross-sectional medical examination of subjects in Novosibirsk, Russia, was conducted after random sampling of the above age group. A total of 1457 subjects, 804 females and 653 males, were analyzed. The epidemiological diagnosis of IHD was made in accordance with 17 validated and functional criteria, employing exercise ECG for confirmation. Simultaneous quantitative analyses of 41 cytokines/chemokines in blood serum were performed by a multiplex assay using the HCYTMAG-60K-PX41 panel (MILLIPLEX MAP) on a Luminex 20 MAGPIX flow cytometer, with additional ELISA testing.

Flt3 ligand, GM-CSF, and MCP-1 were significantly associated with the relative risk of early IHD. In the presence of AO, GM-CSF, MCP-1 and IL-4 also significantly correlated with the relative risk of early IHD. By univariate regression analysis, the relative risk of early IHD was associated with lowered blood concentrations of Flt3 ligand, whereas the relative risk of early IHD in the presence of AO was associated with lowered blood concentrations of GM-CSF. Employing multivariable regression analysis, only lower blood levels of Flt3 ligand were associated with a relative risk of early IHD, whereas the relative risk of early IHD in the presence of AO was limited to lower levels of IL-4. Findings related to Flt3 ligand, GM-CSF, and IL-4 are consistent with the international literature. Results from the present study are partly confirmative and partly hypothesis generating.
The surface photovoltage evolution under the Cs deposition on the highly doped p + -GaAs surface is compared with that observed on Cs/UP + -structures by the photoreflectance spectroscopy method.

A contactless two-beam modulated photoemission technique for measuring the photovoltage on the surface of highly doped semiconductors is proposed and verified for the p + -GaAs surface with adsorbed Cs. The pump intensity dependence of the photovoltage is measured.

This allows us to determine the absolute photovoltage values.
Disassembly and reassembly of the nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) is one of the major events during open mitosis in higher eukaryotes. However, how this process is controlled by the mitotic machinery is not clear.

To investigate this we developed a novel in vivo model system based on syncytial Drosophila embryos. We microinjected different mitotic effectors into the embryonic cytoplasm and monitored the dynamics of disassembly/reassembly of NPCs in live embryos using fluorescently labeled wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) or in fixed embryos using electron microscopy and immunostaining techniques.

We found that in live embryos Cdk1 activity was necessary and sufficient to induce disassembly of NPCs as well as their cytoplasmic mimics: annulate lamellae pore complexes (ALPCs). Cdk1 activity was also required for keeping NPCs and ALPCs disassembled during mitosis. In agreement recombinant Cdk1/cyclin B was able to induce phosphorylation and dissociation of nucleoporins from the NPCs in vitro. Conversely, reassembly of NPCs and ALPCs was dependent on the activity of protein phosphatases, sensitive to okadaic acid (OA). Our findings suggest a model where mitotic disassembly/reassembly of the NPCs is regulated by a dynamic equilibrium of Cdk1 and OA-sensitive phosphatase activities and provide evidence that mitotic phosphorylation mediates disassembly of the NPC.
The coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) has attracted a great attention as non-invasive method of real-time monitoring of processes occurring in biological tissues and cells. It needs a special kind of optical source that would be compact, stable and low cost. We investigate a possibility of using highly-chirped dissipative soliton oscillator together with a narrowband fiber Bragg grating and all-fiber amplifier. Optical pulses with the duration of 85 ps and the peak power of 400 W were generated at the output of the fiber system with the repetition rate about 13 MHz. Developed source is suitable to pump a fiber optical parametric oscillator for CARS.
Development of new drugs able to decrease the level of 'bad' cholesterol, in particular, based on antisense oligonucleotide derivatives (ASOs), remains relevant for the patients with familial hypercholesterolemia and/or intolerant to statins.

The goal of the work was to assess the changes in the lipid metabolism caused by variants of joint impact of the ASOs targeted to the mRNAs of its key genes: apoB, PCSK9, and apoCIII. Female C57BL/6J mice; nuclease-protected 13- and 20-nucleotide ASOs, and standard protocols for quantification of lipoproteins (HDL CHL, non-HDL CHL, and total CHL) and ALT in the blood serum were used in the work. The following combinations of ASOs were four times injected to the mouse caudal vein: 1) ASO to apoB, 2) ASO to apoCIII, 3) ASO to apoB and ASO to PCSK9, 4) ASO to apoB, ASO to PCSK9, and ASO to apoCIII, 5) ASO to apoB (three doses), ASO to PCSK9, and ASO to apoCIII (two doses), 6) ASO to PCSK9 and (ASO to apoCIII – only in the fourth administration).

Triple weekly administration of these ASO combinations resulted in a decrease in non-HDL CHL by 25, 16, 35, 47, 60, and 7 %, respectively, as compared with the control and 1.8-, 1.5-, 1.9-, 2.4-, 3.1, and 1.24-fold higher HDL CHL/ non-HDL CHL ratio. The subsequent ASO injection with concurrent switching to a high-fat diet after 1 week resulted in a decrease in the non-HDL CHL by 28, 2, 28, 70, 33, and 49 % for ASOs (1–6), respectively, as compared with the control; the HDL CHL/non-HDL CHL ratio was 1.5-, 1.1-, 2-, 3.7-, 1.9-, and 2-fold better. The ALT concentration for all ASO combinations remained within the norm for the control animals, demonstrating the absence of any hepatotoxic effect. The best efficiency of ASOs requires selection of concentrations for single ASOs and their combinations as well as of the order and timing of administration. Thus, a new antisense approach is proposed.