Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Synthetic and natural polymeric esters find applications in transport and construction sectors, where fire safety is an important concern. One polymer that is widely used is poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), which almost completely undergoes thermal decomposition into methyl methacrylate (its monomer) CH2=C(CH3)−C(=O)−O−CH3 (MMA) at ∼250–300∘C. In order to analyze the high-temperature gas-phase oxidation of PMMA, and thereby predict its fire behavior (such as burning rate, temperature of the material, and heat fluxes) with less computational effort, a compact kinetic model for the oxidation of its primary decomposition product, MMA, is most essential. This is accomplished in the present work by obtaining a reduced mechanism for MMA oxidation from a detailed mechanism from the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories group.To extend the available data base for model validation and present validation data at atmospheric pressure conditions, for the first time, (i) detailed measurements of species profiles have been performed in stoichiometric laminar flat flames using flame sampling molecular beam mass spectrometry (MBMS) technique and (ii) laminar burning velocities have been obtained using the heat flux method for various unburnt mixture temperatures. Evaluating the model against these data sets point to the need to revise the kinetic model, which is achieved by adopting rate constants of key reactions among analogous molecules from recent literature. The updated compact kinetic model is able to predict the major species in the flat flame as well as the burning velocity of MMA satisfactorily. The final "short MMA mechanism" consists of 88 species and 1084 reactions.
The rate of mutations in eukaryotes depends on a plethora of factors and is not immediately derived from the fidelity of DNA polymerases (Pols).

Replication of chromosomes containing the anti‐parallel strands of duplex DNA occurs through the copying of leading and lagging strand templates by a trio of Pols α, δ and ϵ, with the assistance of Pol ζ and Y‐family Pols at difficult DNA template structures or sites of DNA damage. The parameters of the synthesis at a given location are dictated by the quality and quantity of nucleotides in the pools, replication fork architecture, transcription status, regulation of Pol switches, and structure of chromatin.

The result of these transactions is a subject of survey and editing by DNA repair.
The paper presents the results of an experimental study of the flow structure and features of combustion in a turbulent swirling lean pre-mixed syngas flame using modern planar optical laser-based methods.

The measurement of the instantaneous velocity field was carried out using the particle image velocimetry (PIV), and location of the OH radicals in the jet were determined by the method of laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF). A comparison of the averaged flow characteristics of a high-swirl flame with an equivalence ratio Φ = 0.45 for syngas and Φ = 0.7 for methane are performed.

Presence of a recirculation zone in the jet core is typical of both cases, however, the size of the central recirculation zone for the methane flame are approximately 1.5 times larger than that for the synthesis gas flame in both dimensions. The average distributions of the intensity of fluorescence signal of the OH radical shows a good coincidence of the position of the flame front in both cases, and lower fluorescence signal intensity for the synthesis gas flame.
Basing on the model of Éfros-Shklovskii percolation theory good quantitative agreement between the experimental and theoretical data of current-voltage characteristics were achieved.

In this study, we demonstrated experimentally that formation of chains and islands of oxygen vacancies in hafnium sub-oxides (HfO$_x$, $x<2$) leads to percolation charge transport in such dielectrics.

Based on the percolation theory suggested model shows that hafnium sub-oxides consist of mixtures of metallic Hf nanoscale clusters of 1-2 nm distributed onto non-stoichiometric HfO$_x$. It was shown that reported approach might describe low resistance state current-voltage characteristics of resistive memory elements based on HfO$_x$.
Aim . Assessment of the associations of mononucleotide polymorphisms (MNP) of genes: KCNN2 (rs13184658, rs10076582, rs338625) and NOS1AP (rs12567209, rs348624, rs3751284, rs 12143842), with sudden cardiac death (SCD), and evaluation of the clutch units.

Material and methods . The study designed as a case-control. Group of males, died SCD (n=278) was formed according with the European Cardiology Society criteria. The controls (n=274), matched by age and gender, was collected from DNA of international research projects MONICA and HAPIEE. Genomic sequencing was done with real time PCR. For inequation assessment of the clutch groups within the MNP pairs, the D' coefficient was in use. Comparison of the groups by the rates of genotypes and alleles was done with a contingency tables and Chi-square by Pearson. Relative SCD risk was calculated as an odds ratio with Fischer criteria and Chi-square. The differences were noted as significant with p<0,05.

Results . For the assessed MNPs gene NOS1AP the following significant differences in genotypes frequencies were found: rs12567209 GG vs AA+AG OR =1,76 (CI 1,07¬2,9) p=0,026, rs3751284 CC vs CC+TT OR =0,68 (CI 0,47-0,97) p=0,037, rs12143842 CC vs CT+TT OR =0,54 (CI 0,38-0,75) p=0,0004. For alleles of the gene NOS1AP the following significant differences were found: rs12567209 A vs G OR =0,58 (CI 0,36¬0,93) p=0,025 and rs12143842 С vs T OR =0,6 (CI 0,46-0,79) p=0,0004. In further assessment it was shown that the loci rs12143842 and rs12567209 are clutched (D' =1). In evaluation of the clutch block for rs12143842 and rs12567209 the following was found: TG vs CG+CA OR =1,64 (CI 1,25-2,16) p=0,0004. Conclusion . MNPs (rs13184658, rs10076582, rs33862) of the gene KCNN2 and rs348624 gene NOS1AP, probably, does not play role in SCD in Novosibirsk population. rs12143842, rs12567209 and rs3751284 NOS1AP are associated with SCD. Further studies needed to assess rs12143842 and rs3751284 of gene NOS1AP, as the rs12567209 is clutched with rs12143842.
The article reports the main provisions of the concept and solutions for creating the digital platform in the field of bioinformatics and the formation of the thematically oriented and industrial digital ecosystems on its basis.

The composition and structure of the digital platform are discussed: information repositories, data and knowledge bases, thematically oriented software repository, task-oriented services for various target groups of users. Within the framework of the platform, it is also planned to organize a system of high-quality access to specialized data centres and high-performance computing infrastructure. Particular attention is devoted to one of the components of such platform - the project office for bioresource collections management.

The project office has registered such types of collections as animal collections: wild and laboratory animals, live breeding, museum zoological animal collections, farm animals; plant collections: herbarium funds of plants biological diversity, living collections of natural flora, agricultural plants. Collection types such as collections of human biomaterials, cell culture collections, microorganism collections are important for medical research.
The Cauchy-Dirichlet problem for the genuinely nonlinear ultra-parabolic equation with the piece-wise smooth minor term is considered. The minor term depends on a small positive parameter and collapses to the one-sided Dirac delta function as this parameter tends to zero.

As the result, we arrive at the limiting initial-boundary value problem for the impulsive ultra-parabolic equation. The peculiarity is that the standard entropy solution of the problem for the impulsive equation generally is not unique.

In this report, we propose a rule for selecting the 'proper' entropy solution, relying on the limiting procedure in the original problem incorporating the smooth minor term.
Новый метод апробирован на примере модельного для многих зоологических исследований вида -мухоловки-пеструшки Ficedula hypoleuca.

В статье представлен новый метод определения линейных размеров и объема яйца на основе компьютерного анализа фотоизображений. На 67 фотографиях кладок яиц мухоловкипеструшки было определено 216 объектов (изображений яиц), 135 из которых соответствовали критериям достоверности и были подвергнуты дальнейшему анализу. Разработан свод правил, которым должен следовать фотограф при фотографировании кладок яиц, так как важной частью анализа фотоизображения является наличие качественных фотографий, полученных в максимально схожих условиях.

Выявлены и описаны основные проблемы метода, перспективы дальнейшего развития и применения. Измеренные с помощью нового метода размеры и объем яиц можно применять для оценки приспособленности и популяционных исследований. При этом минимизируются риски беспокойства птиц и
This paper was retracted by IOP Publishing on 03 December 2019. This paper was published due to a technical error and was not intended to be included in this journal. Retraction published: 03 December 2019.
Предложен метод обнаружения атаки с делением числа фотонов в квантово-криптографических системах связи по измерению распределения числа фотонов в лазерном импульсе.

Вместо использования сложного фотодетектора, способного различать число зарегистрированных фотонов, мы предлагаем использовать два обычных однофотонных детектора на основе лавинных фотодиодов.

Представлены результаты экспериментов по измерению числа фотонов в лазерном импульсе и их
The structural organization of a set of highly repetitive DNA sequences (HRS) of barley (Hordeum vulgare) was studied by blot-hybridization in the genomes of seven Hordeum L. species and several Hordeum x Secale hybrids.

The copy numbers of the sequences, and length and intensity of the hybridization fragments varied among barley species; so, this set appeared to be useful as molecular markers for barley species. Structural rearrangements of some HRS were observed in hybrids.

It was noteworthy that the genomic changes in the hybrids partially coincided with those that take place during species divergence; so, chromosomal rearrangements are likely to proceed according to certain rules. The possibility of cryptic mobile elements participating in the genomic rearrangements under stress factors of the remote hybridization, is discussed, the primary structure of a Bam HI fragment (999 bp long) of Hordeum vulgare DNA being the example.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a serious, incurable neurological disease. In 2009, the ANZgene studies detected the suggestive association of located upstream of CD40 gene in chromosome 20q13 (p = 1.3×10−7). Identification of the causal variant(s) in the CD40 locus leads to a better understanding of the mechanism underlying the development of autoimmune pathologies.

We determined the genotypes of rs6074022, rs1883832, rs1535045, and rs11086996 in patients with MS (n = 1684) and in the control group (n = 879). Two SNPs were significantly associated with MS: rs6074022 (additive model C allele OR = 1.27, 95% CI = [1.12–1.45], p = 3×10−4) and rs1883832 (additive model T allele OR = 1.20, 95% CI = [1.05–1.38], p = 7×10−3). In the meta-analysis of our results and the results of four previous studies, we obtain the association p-value of 2.34×10−12, which confirmed the association between MS and rs6074022 at a genome-wide significant level.

Next, we demonstrated that the model including rs6074022 only sufficiently described the association. From our analysis, we can speculate that the association between rs1883832 and MS was induced by LD, whereas rs6074022 was a marker in stronger LD with the functional variant or was the functional variant itself. Our results indicated that the functional variants were located in the upstream region of the gene CD40 and were in higher LD with rs6074022 than LD with rs1883832.
Simulation the dynamics of gas-solid mixtures is crucial in many applications: chemical reactor design, evolution of circumstellar discs, etc. Such mixtures where gas is a carrier phase and solid grains are dispersed phase can be simulated as interpenetrating continuum media. The characteristic parameter of this problem is relaxation time between gas and dust velocities. In many applications this parameter varies significantly during the simulation (from small to unity). Moreover, the drag force can be non-linearly dependent on solids to gas relative velocity.

We propose a novel non-iterative algorithm for Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics for computing gas-solid mixtures with exchange momentum between phases. Forces (except drag force) are approximated explicitly, while drag force is linearized and velocity relaxation time is approximated explicitly while relative velocity is approximated implicitly.

The algorithm was tested on dynamical problems for dusty gas mixtures. It was shown that in the developed algorithm for stiff nonlinear drag we can use temporal and spatial resolution independent of drag parameters.
We present a theory of coherent propagation and energy or power transfer in a low-dimension array of coupled nonlinear waveguides. It is demonstrated that in the array with nonequal cores (e.g., with the central core) stable steady-state coherent multicore propagation is possible only in the nonlinear regime, with a power-controlled phase matching. The developed theory of energy or power transfer in nonlinear discrete systems is rather generic and has a range of potential applications including both high-power fiber lasers and ultrahigh-capacity optical communication systems.
We have searched for B_{s}^{0}->hh decays, where h stands for a charged or neutral kaon, or a charged pion.

These results are based on a 23.6 fb^{-1} data sample collected with the Belle detector on the \Upsilon(5S) resonance at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e^{+}e^{-} collider, containing 1.25x10^6 B_{s}^{(*)}\bar{B}_{s}^{(*)} events.

We observe the decay B_{s}^{0}->K^{+}K^{-} and measure its branching fraction, \mathcal{B}(B_{s}^{0}->K^{+}K^{-}) = [3.8_{-0.9}^{+1.0}(\mathrm{stat})\pm 0.5(\mathrm{syst})\pm 0.5(f_s)] \times 10^{-5}. The first error is statistical, the second is systematic, and the third error is due to the uncertainty in the B^0_s production fraction in $e^+e^-\to b\bar{b}$ events. No significant signals are seen in other decay modes, and we set upper limits at 90% confidence level: \mathcal{B}(B_{s}^{0}->K^-\pi^{+})<1.2\times 10^{-5}, \mathcal{B}(B_{s}^{0}->\pi^{+}\pi^{-})<2.6\times 10^{-5}, and \mathcal{B}(B_{s}^{0}->K^0\bar{K}^0) < 6.6\times 10^{-5}.
Recent observations indicate that about half of the dwarf satellite galaxies around M31 orbit in a thin plane approximately aligned with the Milky Way. It has been argued that this observation along with several other features can be explained if these dwarf satellite galaxies originated as tidal dwarf galaxies formed during an ancient merger event. However if dark matter is collisionless then tidal dwarf galaxies should be free of dark matter - a condition that is difficult to reconcile with observations indicating that dwarf satellite galaxies are dark matter dominated.

We argue that dissipative dark matter candidates, such as mirror dark matter, offer a simple solution to this puzzle.

We argue that dissipative dark matter candidates, such as mirror dark matter, offer a simple solution to this puzzle.
The researches of stability of cylindrical front of deflagration combustion in an annular combustion chamber were made using phenomenological model. The flame front is described as discontinuity of gasdynamic parameters. It is considered that the combustion products are under chemical equilibrium. The combustible mixture and the combustion products are ideal gases. The velocity of deflagration combustion is determined using the Chapman-Jouget theory. It depends on the temperature of combustible mixture only. It is found that the combustible flame front is unstable for several types of small disturbances in the system Mechanics of instabilities are examined using both the numeric and analytical methods. The cases of evolution of the unstable waves rotating in circular channel are presented.
This work presents new data on human endonuclease VIII-like 2 protein (hNEIL2), a part of DNA glycosylases of the helix-two-turn-helix structural superfamily. While X-ray structure of oNEIL2 (opossum Monodelphis) was resolved partially [1], the structure of hNEIL2 has not yet been determined.

This data article describes a powerful combination of hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry, homology modeling, and molecular dynamics simulations for protein conformational dynamics analysis.

The data supplied in this work are related to the research article entitled 'Dynamics and Conformational Changes in Human NEIL2 DNA Glycosylase Analyzed by Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry'.
MOTIVATION: Chromatin structure plays the crucial role in proper gene functioning. Therefore, it is very important to investigate nucleosomal DNA properties and recognize genome nucleosome positioning sequences. Nevertheless, applying different sequence analysis methods separately is insufficient for complete nucleosomal DNA description. One of the most probable reasons for that is the weakness of nucleosome positioning signals.

The present paper offers a set of methods to reveal the most important nucleosomal DNA characteristics and to show a common pattern of nucleosome site properties. A complex approach was used to determine conformational and physicochemical properties that are most significant for nucleosome binding site description. The integrated database of nucleosomal DNA properties is compiled. This database comprises different sections for description of DNA characteristics.

Revealing significant DNA characteristics allows the classification of various samples of site sequences and the generation of programs for site recognition.
présenter les étapes du projet pour éviter aux autres de rencontres les mêmes embûches, d'autant plus qu'il s'agit du premier dictionnaire de ce genre créé grâce à Internet

exposer les premiers résultats de l'analyse du matériel collecté et les perspectives de son étude dans différents domaines de la linguistique
The aim of this study was to fill important gaps in the evolutionary history of immunoglobulins by examining the structure and diversity of IgL genes in non-teleost ray-finned fish.

First, based on the bioinformatic analysis of recent transcriptomic and genomic resources, we experimentally characterized the IgL genes in the chondrostean fish, Acipenser ruthenus (sterlet). We show that this species has three loci encoding IgL kappa-like chains with a translocon-type gene organization and a single VJC cluster, encoding homogeneous lambda-like light chain. In addition, sterlet possesses sigma-like VL and J-CL genes, which are transcribed separately and both encode protein products with cleavable leader peptides. The Acipenseriformes IgL dataset was extended by the sequences mined in the databases of species belonging to other non-teleost lineages of ray-finned fish: Holostei and Polypteriformes. Inclusion of these new data into phylogenetic analysis showed a clear subdivision of IgL chains into five groups.

The isotype described previously as the teleostean IgL lambda turned out to be a kappa and lambda chain paralog that emerged before the radiation of ray-finned fish. We designate this isotype as lambda-2. The phylogeny also showed that sigma-2 IgL chains initially regarded as specific for cartilaginous fish are present in holosteans, polypterids, and even in turtles. We conclude that there were five ancient IgL isotypes, which evolved differentially in various lineages of jawed vertebrates.
The lack of immunity to the variola virus in the population, increasingly more frequent cases of human orthopoxvirus infection, and increased risk of the use of the variola virus (VARV) as a bioterrorism agent call for the development of modern, safe vaccines against orthopoxvirus infections. We previously developed a polyvalent DNA vaccine based on five VARV antigens and an attenuated variant of the vaccinia virus (VACV) with targeted deletion of six genes (VAC6). Independent experiments demonstrated that triple immunization with a DNA vaccine and double immunization with VAC6 provide protection to mice against a lethal dose (10 LD50) of the ectromelia virus (ECTV), which is highly pathogenic for mice. The present work was aimed at comparing the immunity to smallpox generated by various immunization protocols using the DNA vaccine and VAC6. It has been established that immunization of mice with a polyvalent DNA vaccine, followed by boosting with recombinant VAC6, as well as double immunization with VAC6, induces production of VACV-neutralizing antibodies and provides protection to mice against a 150 LD50 dose of ECTV. The proposed immunization protocols can be used to develop safe vaccination strategies against smallpox and other human orthopoxvirus infections.
In recent papers Steelman et al. ('Is the nuclear refractive index lower than cytoplasm? Validation of phase measurements and implications for light scattering technologies') and Schürmann et al. ('Cell nuclei have lower refractive index and mass density than cytoplasm') obtained quantitative phase images of whole cells of various types and corresponding isolated nuclei and concluded that the refractive index (RI) of the nucleus is significantly smaller than that of the cytoplasm.

The comment shows that this conclusion and assumptions used in retrieving the RI necessarily imply a characteristic dip in the center of the whole-cell phase images. This dip is not present in any of the phase images in the discussed papers.

This is a strong argument against the conclusion of smaller nucleus RI. It is also discussed whether a different processing of the phase images can help to clarify this issue.
Computational soft-ware verification was conducted by comparison with existing data of pressure pulsations on plates surface.

Numerical simulation of hypersonic (M∞=6) flow and evolution of disturbances on a smooth plate and a shallow grooved plate was performed by solving two-dimensional Navier– Stokes equations.

It was showed that wavy surface significantly decrease pressure pulsations on plate surface and does not increase the value of mean heat fluxes. Data about effect of wavy surfaces with different form on the disturbances intensity in hypersonic boundary layer was obtained.
It is shown that the efficiency of the universe heating by an inflaton field depends not only on the possible presence of parametric resonance in the production of scalar particles but also strongly depends on the character of the inflaton approach to its mechanical equilibrium point. In particular, when the inflaton oscillations deviate from pure harmonic ones toward a succession of step functions, the production probability rises by several orders of magnitude. This in turn leads to a much higher temperature of the universe after the inflaton decay, in comparison to the harmonic case. An example of the inflaton potential is presented which creates a proper modification of the evolution of the inflaton toward equilibrium and does not destroy the nice features of inflation.