Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
The article extends the results of Honkapohja and Mitra (2006) and Kolyuzhnov (2011) and provides criteria and sufficient conditions for stability in a structurally heterogeneous economy under heterogeneous adaptive learning of agents.

The criteria for stability under heterogeneous mixed RLS/SG learning for four classes of models – without lags and with lags of the endogenous variable and with t or t – 1 – dating of expectations – and sufficient conditions for stability for the cases of the diagonal structure of the shock process behavior or the heterogeneous RLS learning are presented in terms of the corresponding Jacobian matrices. In addition, the study presents a very useful criterion for the stability for all types of models under mixed RLS/SG learning with equal degrees of inertia for each type of learning algorithm in terms of stability of a suitably defined average economy with two agents.

The derived criteria and sufficient conditions for stability are based on the results of the theory of stochastic approximation and are presented in terms of mixture of structural and learning heterogeneity, which are essential to get sufficient and necessary conditions for stability irrespective of heterogeneity in learning presented in terms of E-stability of suitably defined aggregate economies, the 'same sign' conditions and the E-stability of a suitably defined average economy and its subeconomies. The fundamental nature of the approach adopted in the paper makes it possible to apply the results to a vast majority of the existing and prospective linear and linearized economic models (including estimated DSGE models) with adaptive learning of agents.
We evaluate a Laurent expansion in dimensional regularization parameter $ε=(4-d)/2$ of all the master integrals for four-loop massless propagators up to transcendentality weight twelve, using a recently developed method of one of the present coauthors (R.L.) and extending thereby results by Baikov and Chetyrkin obtained at transcendentality weight seven. We observe only multiple zeta values in our results. Therefore, we conclude that all the four-loop massless propagator integrals, with any integer powers of numerators and propagators, have only multiple zeta values in their epsilon expansions up to transcendentality weight twelve.
Surveys of the ion and electron heat transports of neutral beam (NB) heating plasma were carried out by power balance analysis in He and H rich plasma at LHD. Collisionality was scanned by changing density and heating power. The characteristics of the transport vary depending on collisionality. In low collisionality, with low density and high heating power, an ion internal transport barrier (ITB) was formed. The ion heat conductivity (χi) is lower than electron heat conductivity (χe) in the core region at ρ < 0.7. On the other hand, in high collisionality, with high density and low heating power, χi is higher than χe across the entire range of plasma. These different confinement regimes are associated with different fluctuation characteristics. In ion ITB, fluctuation has a peak at ρ = 0.7, and in normal confinement, fluctuation has a peak at ρ = 1.0. The two confinement modes change gradually depending on the collisionality. Scans of concentration ratio between He and H were also performed. The ion confinement improvements were investigated using gyro-Bohm normalization, taking account of the effective mass and charge. The concentration ratio affected the normalized χi only in the edge region (ρ ~ 1.0). This indicates ion species effects vary depending on collisionality. Turbulence was modulated by the fast ion loss instability. The modulation of turbulence is higher in H rich than in He rich plasma.
At ambient pressure transport is well described by the two-band semiclassical model.

We report results of systematic measurements of charge transport properties of the 20.5nm wide HgTe-based quantum well in perpendicular magnetic field, performed under hydrostatic pressures up to 15.1 kbar.

For pressures lower than ≈9 kbar, resistivity grows with pressure, in accord with expectations from the band structure calculations and the model incorporating effects of disorder on transport in 2D semimetals with indirect band overlap. For higher pressures, the resistivity saturates and starts decreasing upon further increase of pressure. Above ≈14 kbar the resistance and hopping transport character sharply change, which may indicate formation of the excitonic insulator state. The data also reveals strong influence of disorder on transport in 2D electron-hole system with a small band overlap.
PD is a neurodegenerative disease characterized with loss of dopamine neurons and associated with neuroinflamation and unbalanced in HPA-axis. Feng S.F. et al. (2012) showed that rTMS improves the balance of HPA axis hormones during depression, which is one of the non-motor manifestations of PD.

PD patients were randomized into groups with active rTMS (13 men, 11 women) and sham rTMS (10 men, 15 women).The 10Hz rTMS was performed sequentially over 2 targets: the primary motor cortex and the DLPFC daily for 20 days. Outcome measures included the indicators of MDS-UPDRS (Part 3) scale, content of cortisol and DEAS in the peripheral blood.

The Motor Examination Part scores demonstrated clinically meaningful improvement only in the active treatment group (p < 0.01). The content of the DEAS in this group was negatively correlated with indicators of scales of clinical manifestations, stress and anxiety (p < 0.05). In this group an increase of content of DEAS in the peripheral blood of men was found (p < 0.01, Wald-Wolfowitz Runs Test). Thus, the rTMS increases the levels of a wellknown neuroprotective hormone and a modulator of DA activity DEAS only in men.
This paper tests and evaluates the algorithm for surface-consistent compensation of seismic amplitudes. The algorithm is based on factorial decomposition and is implemented in matrix form. The matrix view links all seismic observations to accurately identify variations associated with discontinuities in the upper section. The algorithm was tested on synthetic data containing about 10.5 million observations. Testing shows the possibility of applying the method to large amounts of data with high accuracy.
Gai Shanlin (盖山林), of Manchu origin, was a native of Xingtang County, Hebei Province in China. He was born on 10 September 1935, and received higher education in Lanzhou city in 1960.

Since 1962, Gai Shanlin was employed at the Inner Mongolian Archaeology of Cultural Heritage Research Institute. He was a prominent rock art researcher, considered to be No. 1 in China. Gai Shanlin was the first who discovered, described and published materials of the rock art sites of Inner Mongolia in the Yinshan mountains, the Wulanchabu grassland and the Badain Jaran Desert. During his life, he wrote about a dozen books and several hundred articles on the subject.

Since 1988, Gai Shanlin was also a member of the China Association for Promoting Democracy. He was elected Vice-Chairman of the 9th CPPCC Inner Mongolia Autonomous Regional Committee in 2003 and held that post until 2008. Gai Shanlin aged 85 passed away on 9 February 2020, in Hoh-hot city.
The "Advanced Proton Driven Plasma Wakefield Acceleration Experiment" (AWAKE) aims to accelerate leptons via proton-beam-driven wakefield acceleration. It comprises extensive numerical studies as well as experiments at the CERN laboratory.

The baseline scenario incorporates a plasma volume of approximately $62\,\mathrm{cm}^3$. The plasma wavelength is about $1.25\,\mathrm{mm}$ and needs to be adequately resolved, using a minimum of $130$ points per plasma wavelength, in order to accurately reproduce the physics. The baseline scenario incorporates the proton beam micro-bunching, the concurrent non-linear wakefield growth as well as the off-axis electron beam injection, trapping and acceleration. We present results for the first three-dimensional simulation of this baseline scenario with a full model, using a sufficient resolution. The simulation consumed about $22\,\mathrm{Mch}$ of computer resources and scaled up to 32768 cores, thanks to a multitude of adaptions, improvements and optimization of the simulation code PSC.

Through this large-scale simulation effort we were able to verify the results of reduced-model simulations as well as identify important novel effects during the electron injection process.
Diamond is a unique mineral widely used in diverse fields due to its remarkable properties. The development of synthesis technology made it possible to create diamond-based semiconductor devices. In addition, doped diamond can be used as single photon emitters in various luminescence applications. Different properties are the result of the presence of impurities or intrinsic defects in diamond. Thus, the investigation of the defect formation process is of particular interest. Although hydrogen, nitrogen, and boron have been known to form different point defects, the possibility for large impurity atoms to incorporate into the diamond crystal structure has been questioned for a long time.

In the current paper, the paramagnetic nickel split-vacancy defect in diamond is described

and the further investigation of nickel-, cobalt-, titanium-, phosphorus-, silicon-, and germanium-related defects is discussed.
We applied canonical transformation to water wave equation not only to remove cubic nonlinear terms but to simplify drastically fourth order terms in Hamiltonian. This transformation explicitly uses the fact of vanishing exact four waves interaction for water gravity waves for 2D potential fluid.

After the transformation well-known but cumbersome Zakharov equation is drastically simplified and can be written in X-space in compact way. This new equation is very suitable as for analytic study as for numerical simulation.

Localized in space breather-type solution was found. Numerical simulation of collision of two such breathers strongly supports hypothesis of integrability of 2-D free surface hydrodynamics.
Two series of hydrogen bonded networks based on [Re6Qi8(CN)a6]4− (Q = S or Se) anionic clusters and amidinium cations are reported

structurally and spectroscopically analyzed
An experimental study of the effect of pulsations of free supersonic flow on the pulsations of the boundary layer of a flat plate with a sharp edge using a new three-channel hot-wire anemometer measurement system is carried out. The spatial-temporal distributions of the correlation coefficient are obtained for the boundary layer cross sections and for the laminar-turbulent transition region.
Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are proteins that possess large unstructured regions. Their importance is increasingly recognized in biology but their characterization remains a challenging task.

We employed field swept Electron Spin Echoes in pulsed EPR to investigate low-temperature stochastic molecular librations in a spin-labeled IDP, casein (the main protein of milk). For comparison, a spin-labeled globular protein, hen egg white lysozyme, is also investigated.

For casein these motions were found to start at 100 K while for lysozyme only above 130 K, which was ascribed to a denser and more ordered molecular packing in lysozyme. However, above 120 K, the motions in casein were found to depend on temperature much slower than those in lysozyme. This abrupt change in casein was assigned to an ordering transition in which peptide residues rearrange making the molecular packing more rigid and/or more cohesive. The found features of molecular motions in these two proteins turned out to be very similar to those known for gel-phase lipid bilayers composed of conformationally ordered and conformationally disordered lipids. This analogy with a simpler molecular system may appear helpful for elucidation properties of molecular packing in IDPs.
655 nm laser radiation with power of >60 mW is generated by frequency doubling of a broadband randomly-polarized 1.31-microm Raman fiber laser (RFL). The red power appears to grow linearly with increasing RFL power up to 7 W at efficiency comparable with that for single-frequency lasers. It has been shown that multiple sum-frequency mixing processes involving different RFL modes provide the main contribution to the output, which is enhanced by 2 times due to the modes stochasticity.
The prime graph Γ(G) of a finite group G is the graph whose vertex set is the set of prime divisors of |G| and in which two distinct vertices r and s are adjacent if and only if there exists an element of G of order rs.

Let A_n (S_n) denote the alternating (symmetric) group of degree n. We prove that if G is a finite group with Γ(G)=Γ(A_n) or Γ(G)=Γ(S_n), where n≥19, then there exists a normal subgroup K of G and an integer t such that A_t≤G/K≤S_t and |K| is divisible by at most one prime greater than n/2.

The proof establishes the relationship between prime graphs of finite groups and the structure of alternating and symmetric groups, showing that groups with identical prime graphs to A_n or S_n (for n≥19) have specific normal subgroup decompositions.
The present paper reports on the investigation of fuel-lean and fuel-rich turbulent combustion in a high-swirl jet. Swirl rate of the flow exceeded a critical value for breakdown of the swirling jet's vortex core and formation of the recirculation zone at the jet axis.

The measurements were performed by the stereo PIV, OH PLIF and HCHO PLIF techniques, simultaneously. The Reynolds number based on the flow rate and viscosity of the air was fixed as 5 000 (the bulk velocity was U0 = 5 m/s). Three cases of the equivalence ratio ϕ of the mixture issuing from the nozzle-burner were considered, viz., 0.7, 1.4 and 2.5.

The latter case corresponded to a lifted flame of fuel-rich swirling jet flow, partially premixed with the surrounding air. In all cases the flame front was subjected to deformations due to large-scale vortices, which rolled-up in the inner (around the central recirculation zone) and outer (between the annular jet core and surrounding air) mixing layers.
The qualitative properties of solutions of a hereditary model of motion of aqueous solutions of polymers, its modification in the limiting case of short relaxation times, and a similar second grade fluid model are studied. Unsteady shear flows are considered. In the first case, their properties are similar to those of motion of a usual viscous fluid. Other models can include weak discontinuities, which are retained in the course of fluid motion.

Exact solutions are found by using the group analysis of the examined systems of equations.

These solutions describe the fluid motion in a gap between coaxial rotating cylinders, the stagnation point flow, and the motion in a half-space induced by plane rotation (analog of the Karman vortex). The problem of motion of an aqueous solution of a polymer in a cylindrical tube under the action of a streamwise pressure gradient is considered. In this case, a flow with straight-line trajectories is possible (analog of the Hagen-Poiseuille flow). In contrast to the latter, however, the pressure in the flow considered here depends on all three spatial variables.
Grain morphometry in cereals is an important step in selecting new high-yielding plants. Manual assessment of parameters such as the number of grains per ear and grain size is laborious. One solution to this problem is image-based analysis that can be performed using a desktop PC. Furthermore, the effectiveness of analysis performed in the field can be improved through the use of mobile devices. In this paper, we propose a method for the automated evaluation of phenotypic parameters of grains using mobile devices running the Android operational system. The experimental results show that this approach is efficient and sufficiently accurate for the large-scale analysis of phenotypic characteristics in wheat grains. Evaluation of our application under six different lighting conditions and three mobile devices demonstrated that the lighting of the paper has significant influence on the accuracy of our method, unlike the smartphone type.
The occurrence of snow avalanches is mainly influenced by meteorological conditions and the configuration of snow cover layers. Machine learning methods have predictive power and are capable of predicting new events. From the trained machine learning models, an ensemble is obtained that predicts the possibility of avalanches. The model obtained in the article uses avalanche data, meteorological data and generated data on the state of snow cover for training. This allows the resulting solution to be used in more mountainous areas than solutions using a wider range of less available data. Snow data is generated by the SNOWPACK software package.
Interpretation of non-coding genomic variants is one of the most important challenges in human genetics. Machine learning methods have emerged recently as a powerful tool to solve this problem. State-of-the-art approaches allow prediction of transcriptional and epigenetic effects caused by non-coding mutations. However, these approaches require specific experimental data for training and can not generalize across cell types where required features were not experimentally measured. We show here that available epigenetic characteristics of human cell types are extremely sparse, limiting those approaches that rely on specific epigenetic input. We propose a new neural network architecture, DeepCT , which can learn complex interconnections of epigenetic features and infer unmeasured data from any available input. Furthermore, we show that DeepCT can learn cell type-specific properties, build biologically meaningful vector representations of cell types and utilize these representations to generate cell type-specific predictions of the effects of non-coding variations in the human genome.
Background When cyclophosphamide and preparations of fragmented exogenous genomic double stranded DNA were administered in sequence, the regressive effect on the tumor was synergic: this combined treatment had a more pronounced effect than cyclophosphamide alone. Our further studies demonstrated that exogenous DNA stimulated the maturation and specific activities of dendritic cells. This suggests that cyclophosphamide, combined with DNA, leads to an immune response to the tumors that were grafted into the subjects post treatment.

Methods Three-month old CBA/Lac mice were used in the experiments. The mice were injected with cyclosphamide (200 mkg per 1 kg body weight) and genomic DNA (of human, mouse or salmon sperm origin). The DNA was administered intraperitoneally or subcutaneously. After 23 to 60 days, one million tumor cells were intramuscularly grafted into the mice. In the final experiment, the mice were pre-immunized by subcutaneous injections of 20 million repeatedly thawed and frozen tumor cells. Changes in tumor growth were determined by multiplying the three perpendicular diameters (measured by caliper). Students' t-tests were used to determine the difference between tumor growth and average survival rate between the mouse groups and the controls.

Results An analysis of varying treatments with cyclophosphamide and exogenous DNA, followed by tumor grafting, provided evidence that this combined treatment had an immunizing effect. This inhibitory effect in mice was analyzed in an experiment with the classical immunization of a tumor homogenate. The strongest inhibitory action on a transplanted graft was created through the following steps: cyclophosphamide at 200 mg/kg of body weight administered as a pretreatment; 6 mg fragmented exogenous DNA administered over the course of 3 days; tumor homogenate grafted 10 days following the final DNA injection. Conclusion Fragmented exogenous DNA injected with cyclophosphamide inhibits the growth of tumors that are grafted to mice after this combined treatment.
Modern high luminosity e + e -factories, like Belle II at SuperKEKB or planned Super Charm-Tau factory require fast calorimeters to cope with severe background conditions.

The prototype of the fast electromagnetic calorimeter based on pure CsI scintillation crystals, wavelength shifters with the novel nanostructured organosilicon luminophores, and avalanche photodiodes Hamamatsu S8664-55 is discussed.

The results of the tests of the basic element of the calorimeter are reported.
Experimental results of observation of ethanol microjets flowing into a highly rarefied medium (vacuum) through a nozzle are presented. The investigation of the outflow process was carried out both horizontally and vertically in the direction of gravity, when the liquid was expelled from the source. The condition of keeping constant the residual background pressure in the vacuum chamber is much lower than the saturated vapour pressure of the working liquid at a given temperature of the blast.

The possibility of simulation of complex processes of the flow of micro-liquids in a space with a given rarefied atmosphere on a compact vacuum gas-dynamic test bench is shown.

It is found that the continuous efflux from a thin capillary or a hole of small diameter into a vacuum or a strongly rarefied gaseous medium differs significantly from the well-studied modes of efflux into a dense gaseous medium, as well as from the pulse modes of efflux into a vacuum. The paper describes the main features of the flow and the conditions of the instability emergence. It is shown that the long-term flow of a liquid microjet in a vacuum has a high degree of surface instability, with a large number of sudden changes in direction, structure and observed density. An explanation for the causes of microjet failure, caused mainly by a combination of capillary instability and intense evaporation of superheated liquid from the surface of the jet, is proposed. The formation of surface gas caverns causing explosive collapse of the microjet with ejection of vapor-liquid droplets is established.
The CMD-3 detector has been successfully collecting data at the electron-positron collider VEPP-2000 since December 2010. The first scan below 1 GeV for a π + π − measurement was performed in 2013. The collected data sample corresponds to about 18 pb −1 of integrated luminosity in this energy range. Analysis of the e + e − → π + π − cross section is in progress. Status of this measurement are presented.
Dechlorination processes attract great interest since they are involved in environmental protection and waste disposal technologies.

In this paper, the process of gas-phase dechlorination of 1,2-dichloroethane, chloroform, and chlorobenzene over Ni/Al2O3 catalyst (90 wt% Ni) prepared by a coprecipitation technique was investigated. The reduction behavior of the oxide precursor NiO/Al2O3 was studied by thermogravimetric analysis in a hydrogen medium. A thermodynamic assessment of the conditions under which metallic nickel undergoes deactivation due to the formation of nickel chloride was performed. The dechlorination of chlorinated substrates was studied using a gravimetric flow-through system equipped with McBain balances in a wide range of temperatures (350–650 °C) and hydrogen concentrations (0–98 vol%).

The impact of these parameters on selectivity towards the products of hydrodechlorination (C2H4, C2H6, and C6H6) and catalytic pyrolysis (carbon nanomaterial and CH4) was explored. The relationship between the mechanisms of the catalytic hydrodechlorination and the carbide cycle was discussed, and the specific reaction conditions for the implementation of both scenarios were revealed. According to the electron microscopy data, the carbonaceous products deposited on nickel particles during catalytic pyrolysis are represented by nanofibers with a disordered structure formed due to the peculiarity of the process including the side carbon methanation reaction.