Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
The effect of four general anesthetics, namely chloroform, halothane, diethyl ether, and enflurane on the free volume fraction and lateral pressure profiles in a fully hydrated dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholime (DPPC) membrane is investigated by means of computer simulation. In order to find changes that can be related to the molecular mechanism of anesthesia as well as its pressure reversal, the simulations are performed both at atmospheric and high (1000 bar) pressures.

The obtained results show that the additional free volume occurring in the membrane is localized around the anesthetic molecules themselves. Correspondingly, the fraction of the free volume is increased in the outer of the two membrane regions (i.e., at the outer edge of the hydrocarbon phase) where anesthetic molecules prefer to stay in every case. As a consequence, the presence of anesthetics decreases the lateral pressure in the nearby region of the lipid chain ester groups, in which the anesthetic molecules themselves do not penetrate.

Both of these changes, occurring upon introducing anesthetics in the membrane, are clearly reverted by the increase of the global pressure. These findings are in accordance both with the more than 60 years old "critical volume hypothesis" of Mullins, and with the more recent "lateral pressure hypothesis" of Cantor. Our results suggest that if anesthesia is indeed caused by conformational changes of certain membrane-bound proteins, induced by changes in the lateral pressure profile, as proposed by Cantor, the relevant conformational changes are expected to occur in the membrane region where the ester groups are located.
Изучена диффузия атомов индия в пленках SiO 2 , предварительно имплантированных ионами мышьяка с разной энергией, в зависимости от температуры последующего отжига. Установлено, что диффузионные свойства индия зависят от присутствия в пленке атомов мышьяка и их энергии. Увеличение концентрации мышьяка в области средних пробегов ионов In + предотвращает диффузию индия к поверхности SiO 2 при высоких температурах отжига и стимулирует диффузию In вглубь в форме одновалентного междоузлия. Обнаруженные эффекты объяснены с точки зрения формирования пар In-As в соседних замещающих положениях в матрице SiO 2 . Ключевые слова: индий, мышьяк, диффузия, оксид кремния, ионная имплантация.
The aim of the research is to verify the association with sudden cardiac death (SCD) of single nucleotide polymorphisms rs10867772 and rs4700290, identified as new molecular genetic markers of SCD in the own genome-wide pooled allelotyping. Material and methods . Case-control study. The SCD group is formed using the criteria of the European Society of Cardiology from the DNA bank of suddenly deceased residents of the Oktyabrsky district of Novosibirsk (n = 437, average age—53.1 ± 9.0 years, men — 73.5%, women — 26.5%) The control group (n = 405, average age 53.2 ± 9.2 years, men — 70.0%, women — 30.0%) is formed from the DNA bank of participants of MONICA and HAPIEE projects. DNA was isolated by phenol-­chloroform extraction from myocardial tissue in the SCD group and venous blood in the control group. Genotyping was performed by the PCR-RFLP method. Results . No statistical significance was found in allele and genotype frequencies of rs10867772 and rs4700290 between groups, even in separating in sex and age (p> 0.05). Conclusion. Single nucleotide polymorphism rs10867772 and rs4700290 are not associated with SCD.
The cross-section of the process e+e−→π+π− has been measured using about 11 4000 events collected by the CMD-2 detector at the VEPP-2M e+e− collider in the center-of-mass energy range from 0.61 to 0.96 GeV. Results of the pion form factor determination with a 0.6% systematic uncertainty are presented. The following values of the ρ- and ω-meson parameters were found: Mρ=(776.09±0.81) MeV, Γρ=(144.46±1.55) MeV, Γ(ρ→e+e−)=(6.86±0.12) keV, Br(ω→π+π−)=(1.33±0.25)%. Implications for the hadronic contribution to the muon anomalous magnetic moment are discussed.
The conventional Fourier transform is widely used mathematical methods in science and technology. It allows representing the signal/field under study as a set of spectral harmonics, that it many situations simplify understanding of such signal/field. In some linear equations, where spectral harmonics evolve independently of each other, the Fourier transform provides a straightforward description of otherwise complex dynamics. Something similar is available for certain classes of nonlinear equations that are integrable using the inverse scattering transform [1,2], also known as the nonlinear Fourier transform (NFT). Here we discuss potential of its application in dissipative, non-integrable systems to characterize coherent structures. We present a new approach for describing the evolution of a nonlinear system considering the cubic Ginzburg-Landau Equation (CGLE) as a particularly important example in the context of laser system modeling: i[(∂U)/(∂z)] + 1 /2 [(∂ 2 U)/(∂t 2 )] + |U | 2 U -i (σU + α[(∂ 2 U)/(∂t 2 )] + δ|U | 2 U ) = 0.
The continuous time Markov process considered in this paper belongs to a class of population models with linear growth and catastrophes. There, the catastrophes happen at the arrival times of a Poisson process, and at each catastrophe time, a randomly selected portion of the population is eliminated. For this population process, we derive an asymptotic upper bound for the maximum value and prove the local large deviation principle.
The exhaustive classification of stationary incompressible flows with constant total pressure of ideal infinitely electrically conducting fluid is given.

By introduction of curvilinear coordinates based on streamlines and magnetic lines of the flow the system of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) equations is reduced to a nonlinear vector wave equation extended by the incompressibility condition in a form of a generalized Cauchy integral. For flows with constant total pressure the wave equation is explicitly integrated, whereas the incompressibility condition is reduced to a scalar equation for functions, depending on different sets of variables. The central difficulty of the investigation is the separation of variables in the scalar equation, and integration of the resulting overdetermined systems of nonlinear partially differential equations.

The canonical representatives of all possible types of solutions together with equivalence transformations, that extend the canonical set to the whole amount of solutions are represented.
In this paper, approaches to the numerical recovering of the initial condition in the inverse problem for a nonlinear singularly perturbed reaction–diffusion–advection equation are considered. The feature of the formulation of the inverse problem is the use of additional information about the value of the solution of the equation at the known position of a reaction front, measured experimentally with a delay relative to the initial moment of time. In this case, for the numerical solution of the inverse problem, the gradient method of minimizing the cost functional is applied. In the case when only the position of the reaction front is known, the method of deep machine learning is applied. Numerical experiments demonstrated the possibility of solving such kinds of considered inverse problems.
The case of a sphere is different from the classical braid groups or braids of oriented surfaces of genus strictly greater than zero, since Vassiliev invariants in a group without 2-torsion do not distinguish elements of braid group of a sphere.

We construct a universal Vassiliev invariant for braid groups of the sphere and the mapping class groups of the sphere with $n$ punctures.

Vassiliev invariants in a group without 2-torsion do not distinguish elements of braid group of a sphere.
A comparative electron-microscopic study of ultrastructure of mitochondria in skeletal muscles of the 3- and 24-month-old Wistar and OXYS rats revealed age-dependent changes in both general organization of the mitochondrial reticulum and ultrastructure of mitochondria. The most pronounced ultrastructure changes were detected in the OXYS rats suffering from permanent oxidative stress. In the OXYS rats, significant changes in mitochondrial ultrastructure were detected already at the age of 3 months. Among them, there were the appearance of megamitochondria and reduction of cristae resulting in formation of cristae-free regions inside mitochondria. In the 24-month-old OXYS rats, mitochondrial reticulum was completely destroyed. In the isotropic region of muscle fiber, only small solitary mitochondria were present. There appeared regions of lysed myofibrils as well as vast regions filled with autophagosomes. A mitochondrial antioxidant SkQ1 (given to rats with food daily in the dose of 250 nmol/kg of body weight for 5 months beginning from the age of 19 months) prevented development of age-dependent destructive changes in both the Wistar and OXYS rats.
A method of sideband Raman cooling to the vibrational ground state of the $m=0$ Zeeman sublevel in a far-detuned two-dimensional optical lattice is proposed.

In our scheme, the Raman coupling between vibrational manifolds of the adjacent Zeeman sublevels is shifted to the red sideband due to the ac Stark effect induced by a weak pump field. Thus, cooling and optical pumping to $m=0$ is achieved by purely optical means with coplanar cw laser beams. The optical lattice and cooling parameters are estimated in the framework of simple theoretical models.

An application of the transverse sideband cooling method to frequency standards is discussed. Coherent population trapping for the sideband Raman transitions between the degenerate vibrational levels is predicted.
The off-resonant AC Stark shift for coherent population trapping (CPT) resonances probed with Ramsey spectroscopy is investigated experimentally and theoretically.

Measurements with laser-cooled $^{87}$Rb atoms show excellent quantitative agreement with a simple theory. The shift depends on the relative intensity of the two CPT light fields, but depends only weakly on the total intensity. Since the origin of the shift is through couplings of the interrogation light to off-resonant excited state hyperfine levels, the size and sign of the shift depend on the specific interrogation scheme.

However, the simple theory shows that for several commonly used interrogation schemes the off-resonant shift goes to zero at specific values of this relative intensity.
The results of experimental studies of local MHD interaction near bodies of various configurations are presented

in the case when the work of the volumetric electromagnetic force leads to the deceleration of the hypersonic air flow, to the fixation of the ionization region in the flow, to the change of pressure in the interaction zone and to the appearance of a bow shock wave in front of the interaction zone

Shown, that at strong MHD-interaction the shape of the model slightly influences the final result of the change in the flow pattern, since the size of the interaction region becomes comparable, and in some cases larger than the size of the streamlined body
In this study, we analyzed the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation in 202 individuals representing one Itel'men and three Koryak populations from different parts of the Kamchatka peninsula. All mtDNAs were subjected to high resolution restriction (RFLP) analysis and control region (CR) sequencing, and the resulting data were combined with those available for other Siberian and east Asian populations and subjected to statistical and phylogenetic analysis. Together, the Koryaks and Itel'men were found to have mtDNAs belonging to three (A, C, and D) of the four major haplotype groups (haplogroups) observed in Siberian and Native American populations (A-D). In addition, they exhibited mtDNAs belonging to haplogroups G, Y, and Z, which were formerly called "Other" mtDNAs. While Kamchatka harbored the highest frequencies of haplogroup G mtDNAs, which were widely distributed in eastern Siberian and adjacent east Asian populations, the distribution of haplogroup Y was restricted within a relatively small area and pointed to the lower Amur River-Sakhalin Island region as its place of origin. In contrast, the pattern of distribution and the origin of haplogroup Z mtDNAs remained unclear. Furthermore, phylogenetic and statistical analyses showed that Koryaks and Itel'men had stronger genetic affinities with eastern Siberian/east Asian populations than to those of the north Pacific Rim. These results were consistent with colonization events associated with the relatively recent immigration to Kamchatka of new tribes from the Siberian mainland region, although remnants of ancient Beringian populations were still evident in the Koryak and Itel'men gene pools.
Inverse coefficient problems for a non-stationary chemical transformation model are considered. The objective of this work is to test an approach consisting in reducing the inverse problem to a quasi-linear matrix equation based on sensitivity operators constructed from an ensemble of independent solutions of adjoint equations. A Newton-Kantorovich-type algorithm is used to solve the thus obtained matrix equations. This approach is tested on a chemical transformation scheme with 22 species and 20 reactions. The reconstruction results are compared with several sets of unknown reaction rates according to the influence characteristics. The analysis seems to be useful for selecting sets of reaction rates that can be reconstructed by the inverse problem solution.
Wind as a natural phenomenon as well as the peculiarities of specific winds, such as Boreas, Notos, Eurus, and Zephyrus and their influences on navigation, agriculture and, in general, human live are among the subjects, extensively treated by the Peripatetics. Winds are studied in Aristotle’s Meteorology (1.13, 2.4 sq.), Book 26 of the Problems, the Peripatetic On signs and On the position and Names of the Wind, in an epitome of a meteorological work, ascribed to Theophrastus (the so-called Metarsiology, preserved only in Arabic and Syriac translations) and, finally, in his short (and incomplete) treatise On Winds. The latter work is of special interest not only because it is the only Peripatetic treatise especially dedicated to winds; as such it is a valuable witness of Theophrastus’ position on the nature of this natural phenomenon, generally different from the one advanced by Aristotle. Having summarized some aspects of this rather neglected treatise, I try to correlate meteorological information and explanations offered by Theophrastus with contemporary data, especially in the context of the history of navigation.
The Axisymmetric Linear Advanced Neutron source (ALIANCE) is a GDT based fusion neutron source, aiming to produce 10 18 of D-T-neutrons per second and to provide a large testing volume required for fusion materials and components testing.A similar neutron source could also be valuable in the long run for medical isotopes production and as a driver of sub-critical fission reactor.

This presentation presents the high flux neutron shielding design and extensive neutronics calculations of GDT based fusion neutron source ALIANCE.Neutron distribution of ALIANCE is strongly inhomogeneous along the axis: significant portion of the neutron flux is generated near the two mirrors, while the rest of it is spread over the remaining central volume of plasma.The shielding design includes 40 cm stainless steel as the main shielding layer and an additional tungsten shielding layer at mirror plugs to protect superconducting coils from neutron damage and reduce nuclear heating.The simulations have been carried out by using Monte-Carlo transport code Super MC with nuclear data library FENDL 3.1.

Results show that the nuclear heating on the mirror coils can be reduced by more than two thirds with additional tungsten shield, and fast neutron fluence by 30%.The highest nuclear heating and the highest fast neutron fluence zones are located at the mirror coils, and the values are about 300 W/m 3 and 9×10 18 n/cm 2 respectively, which meets the threshold of ITER superconducting coils.The specific activities of shielding layers are on the order of 10 12 Bq/kg.Ten years after shutdown, specific activities of structural materials will decrease by more than 98% to meet the safety requirements.The modeling and calculations reported in this paper will be beneficial for the pre-conceptual engineering design of ALIANCE.
We report on the study of surface enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) by steroid hormone cortisol molecules with different concentrations deposited on linear Au nanoantenna arrays. Localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) arise in the nanoantennas under the influence of external electromagnetic radiation. LSPR frequency depends mainly on the nanoantenna length and can vary from the visible to the terahertz range. We establish the ratio between the structural parameters of nanoantenna arrays and LSPR frequencies based on the results of 3D electrodynamic simulations. Using nanolithography we fabricate nanoantenna arrays having LSPR frequencies close to the frequencies of the most intense absorption modes of steroid hormone cortisol. We deposit cortisol molecules onto the surface of nanoantenna arrays by drop– coating. SEIRA spectra of the nanoantenna arrays make it possible the determination of the presence of cortisol and establishing the sensitivity limit of this method. Thus, we show possibility of SEIRA application for cortisol concentration analysis.
In peripheral tissues, immune protection critically depends on the activity of tissue resident macrophages, which makes our understanding of the biology of these cells of great significance. Until recently, human macrophage studies were largely based on the analysis of monocyte-derived macrophages that differ from tissue resident macrophages by many characteristics. To model tissue resident macrophages, methods of generating macrophages from pluripotent stem cells have been developed. However, the immunological properties of macrophages derived from pluripotent stem cells remain under-investigated.

In this study, we aimed to perform the multifarious immunological characteristics of macrophages generated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iMϕs), including an analysis of their phenotype, secretory and antibacterial activities, as well as their comparison with macrophages derived from blood monocytes and infected lung tissue.

We report that iMϕs displayed the morphology and the CD11b+CD45+CD14+ phenotype typical for mononuclear phagocytes. The cells co-expressed markers known to be associated with classically (CD80, CD86, CCR5) and alternatively (CD163 and CD206) activated macrophages, with a bias toward a higher expression of the latter. iMϕs secreted pro-inflammatory (IL-6, CXCL8, CCL2, CCL4, CXCL1, CXCL10) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10, IL-1RA, CCL22) cytokines with a high IL-10/IL-12p70 index (>20). iMϕs were phagocytic and restricted Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth in vitro by >75%. iMϕs differed from blood monocytes/macrophages by a lower expression level of HLA-DR and the CD14+CD16int phenotype and shared several phenotypic characteristics with lung macrophages. In response to LPS, iMϕs up-regulated HLA-DR and produced TNF-α. IFN-γ increased iMϕ reactivity to LPS, but did not increase iMϕ mycobactericidal capacity. The results characterize iMϕs as differentiated but low-activated/low-polarized "naïve-like" macrophages that are capable of mounting inflammatory and antibacterial responses when exposed to inflammatory stimuli or pathogens. iMϕs represent a valuable model for studying antibacterial responses of tissue resident macrophages and for developing approaches to modulating macrophage activity.
Demyelination induced by cuprizone-is a widely used experimental model to analyze processes of re-and demyelination in the central nervous system (CNS).Here we used C57BL/6 mice; a model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mimicking important aspects of human multiple sclerosis, to evaluate effects of cuprizone-dependent demyelination on different parameters associated with autoimmune inflammation.The treatment of mice with cuprizone leads to a significant decrease of several indexes characterizing spontaneous and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG 35-55 ) -induced EAE: increased levels of titers of anti-DNA and anti-MOG antibodies, proteinuria, the generation of abzymes hydrolyzing MOG, myelin basic protein (MBP), and DNA.In addition, spontaneous and MOG-induced EAE was associated with a specific reorganization of mice immune systems leading to significant changes in the level of proliferation and profile of differentiation of mice bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).The immunization of mice with cuprizone (0-40 days) results in a significant decrease in the size of the brain corpus callosum comparing with untreated mice, but only slightly changed level of proliferation and profile of differentiation of mice HSCs.Our data indicate that treatment with cuprizone is associated with demyelination, which is not associated with autoimmune processes.
To raise the power of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and avoid false-positive results in structured populations, one can rely on mixed model based tests. When large samples are used, and when multiple traits are to be studied in the ’omics’ context, this approach becomes computationally challenging.

Here we consider the problem of mixed-model based GWAS for arbitrary number of traits, and demonstrate that for the analysis of single-trait and multiple-trait scenarios different computational algorithms are optimal. We implement these optimal algorithms in a high-performance computing framework that uses state-of-the-art linear algebra kernels, incorporates optimizations, and avoids redundant computations,increasing throughput while reducing memory usage and energy consumption.

We show that, compared to existing libraries, our algorithms and software achieve considerable speed-ups. The OmicABEL software described in this manuscript is available under the GNUGPL v. 3 license as part of the GenABEL project for statistical genomics at http: //www.genabel.org/packages/OmicABEL.
Human SMUG1 (hSMUG1) hydrolyzes the N-glycosidic bond of uracil and some uracil lesions formed in the course of epigenetic regulation. Despite the functional importance of hSMUG1 in the DNA repair pathway, the damage recognition mechanism has been elusive to date.

In the present study, our objective was to build a model structure of the enzyme-DNA complex of wild-type hSMUG1 and several hSMUG1 mutants containing substitution F98W, H239A, or R243A. Enzymatic activity of these mutant enzymes was examined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of the reaction product formation and pre-steady-state analysis of DNA conformational changes during enzyme-DNA complex formation.

It was shown that substitutions F98W and H239A disrupt specific contacts generated by the respective wild-type residues, namely stacking with a flipped out Ura base in the damaged base-binding pocket or electrostatic interactions with DNA in cases of Phe98 and His239, respectively. A loss of the Arg side chain in the case of R243A reduced the rate of DNA bending and increased the enzyme turnover rate, indicating facilitation of the product release step.