Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
An expression is derived for the signal of a magnetic loop encircling a plasma column inside a conducting chamber with nonuniform current distribution over the plasma cross section. The plasma with radius much smaller than the length of the column is assumed to be in a quasistationary force-balanced state. The ratio of the paramagnetic component to the diamagnetic component of the signal is shown to be independent of the loop radius. Both components increase as the loop radius decreases from the chamber radius to the plasma radius. From the derived expressions, the paramagnetic component of the signal is calculated numerically for several current distributions including those of interest for the experiments. At a given total current, the paramagnetic component of the signal may vary considerably, which generally has to be taken into account in interpreting experimental data. The results of the calculations are used to process the data obtained in the experiments on the SPIN plasma device [Knyazev et al., ‘‘Characteristics of plasma produced by a linear discharge in the metal chamber of the SPIN device,’’ J. Tech. Phys. 63, 49 (1993) (in Russian)].
Theauxin efflux carrier PIN1 is a key mediator of polar auxin transport in developing plant tissues. This is why factors that are supposed to be involved in auxin distribution are frequently tested in the regulation of PIN1 expression. As a result, diverse aspects of PIN1 expression are dispersed across dozens of papers entirely devoted to other specific topics related to the auxin pathway. Integration of these puzzle pieces about PIN1 expression revealed that, along with a recurring pattern, some features of PIN1 expression varied from article to article. To determine if this uncertainty is related to the specific foci of articles or has a basis in the variability of PIN1 gene activity, we performed a comprehensive 3D analysis of PIN1 expression patterns in Arabidopsis thaliana roots. We provide here a detailed map of PIN1 expression in the primary root, in the lateral root primordia and at the root-shoot junction. The variability in PIN1 expression pattern observed in individual roots may occur due to differences in auxin distribution between plants. To simulate this effect, we analysed PIN1 expression in the roots from wild type seedlings treated with different IAA concentrations and pin mutants. Most changes in PIN1 expression after exogenous IAA treatment and in pin mutants were also recorded in wild type but with lower frequency and intensity. Comparative studies of exogenous auxin effects on PIN1pro:GUS and PIN1pro:PIN1-GFP plants indicated that a positive auxin effect is explicit at the level of PIN1 promoter activity, whereas the inhibitory effect relates to post-transcriptional regulation. Our results suggest that the PIN1 expression pattern in the root meristem accurately reflects changes in auxin content. This explains the variability of PIN1 expression in the individual roots and makes PIN1 a good marker for studying root meristem activity.
The physics program would include spectroscopy of C=+ resonances in various J^P states b\bar{b}, c\bar{c}, four-quark states, quark molecules and other exotica) in a mass range barely scratched by past and not covered by any current or planned experiments.

We propose and demonstrate that a gamma-gamma collider with W_gg < 12 GeV can be added to the European XFEL with a minimal disruption to its main program. High-energy photons will be obtained by Compton scattering of 0.5 micron laser photons on the existing 17.5 GeV electron beams.

Such a gamma-gamma collider would be an excellent place for the development and application of modern technologies: powerful lasers, optical cavities, superconducting linacs, and low-emittance electron sources -- as well as training the next generation of accelerator physicists and engineers. Variable circular and linear polarizations will help in the determination of quantum numbers and measurement of polarization components of the gamma-gamma cross section (\sigma_\perp, \sigma_\parallel, \sigma_0, \sigma_2).
The aim of the study was to provide a population assessment of cognitive impairment patterns in a representative sample of 25–44-year-old men and women living in Western Siberia with metabolic syndrome (MS).

Material and methods . A cross-sectional population survey of a random representative sample of 25–44-year-olds of both sexes (1503 people) permanently residing in Western Siberia (Novosibirsk) was performed. The study of cognitive functions was conducted in 1009 people: 463 men (45.9 %) and 546 women (54.1 %). A 10-word memorization test was performed according to the methodology proposed by A.R. Luria (unified for screening purposes), with subsequent reproduction after interfering tasks (recall), a proof-reading test (a letter modification of the Bourdon test used for screening purposes), as well as the exclusion of concepts (a verbal version of the test). The MS criteria (VNOK, 2009) were used: FROM > 80 cm in women and > 94 cm in men and 2 of the following criteria: blood pressure ≥ 130/85 mmHg, TG content ≥ 1.7 mmol/L, HDL-C < 1.0 mmol/L in men and < 1.2 mmol/L in women, LDL-C > 3.0 mmol/L, plasma hyperglycemia > 6.1 mmol/L.

Results . In the surveyed sample of residents of In Novosibirsk, 25–44 years old, MS occurred in every fourth person tested for cognitive functions (26.06 %): 148 men (31.96 %) and 115 women (21.06 %), MS occurred more often in women than in men. With age, there is an increase in the frequency of MS in both sexes (p < 0.05). For MS, statistically significant associations are shown with direct memorization (1st memorization experience, p = 0.025), the number of directly memorized words (p = 0.015) and with delayed reproduction of words after an interfering task (p = 0.015) in the 10-word memorization test by A.R. Luria. The average rank, as well as the average values of these cognitive tests, were higher in individuals without MS compared to those with MS diagnosed. There were no links between MS and the indicators of the proofreading test. There were also no statistically significant associations of MS with the number of animals named in 1 min in the speech activity test when studying semantically mediated associations. Conclusion . In a population study of young people (25–44 years old) for the first time in Russia/A statistically significant deterioration of cognitive memory patterns in individuals with MS components has been proven in Siberia (Novosibirsk). This confirms the importance of the «cerebrovascular continuum» in the genesis of cognitive impairment at a young age.
Neuronal tracing is a modern technology that is based on the expression of fluorescent proteins under the control of cell type–specific promoters. However, random genomic integration of the reporter construct often leads to incorrect spatial and temporal expression of the marker protein. Targeted integration (or knock‐in) of the reporter coding sequence is supposed to provide better expression control by exploiting endogenous regulatory elements.

Here we describe the generation of two fluorescent reporter systems: enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) under pan‐neural marker class III β‐tubulin ( Tubb3 ) promoter and mEos2 under serotonergic neuron‐specific tryptophan hydroxylase 2 ( Tph2 ) promoter. Differentiation of Tubb3‐EGFP embryonic stem (ES) cells into neurons revealed that though Tubb3‐positive cells express EGFP, its expression level is not sufficient for the neuronal tracing by routine fluorescent microscopy. Similarly, the expression levels of mEos2‐TPH2 in differentiated ES cells was very low and could be detected only on messenger RNA level using polymerase chain reaction‐based methods.

Our data shows that the use of endogenous regulatory elements to control transgene expression is not always beneficial compared with the random genomic integration.
The results of the study of collection oat samples of various ecological and geographical origin are presented. The experiments were carried out in Novosibirsk region in 1994-2018. There were 413 collection samples of spring oats studied from 42 countries of the world for 25 years. Collection varieties were evaluated in nurseries of the 2nd-3d year of study.

To identify the best samples, a scoring evaluation system of the traits under consideration, i.e. the density of the productive plant stand and the mass of grain from the panicle, was used. Comparison of genotypes for these traits was carried out within a group of varieties with an equal score for the duration of the seedlings -wax ripeness period. The standard varieties Krasnoobsky and Rovesnik were studied for all 25 years, therefore, all years were divided into three groups according to the average biological yield of these varieties.

A significant correlation between biological productivity and panicle productivity was noted in the standard variety Krasnoobsky during the years with a medium yield and in the standard variety Rovesnik during the years with a high yield. With the traits being evaluated in points, biological productivity showed a strong positive correlation with panicle productivity in Krasnoobsky variety in all groups of years, and in Rovesnik variety only in groups of years with medium and high yield. The sources of biological productivity of oats were identified by ripeness groups.
The management of patients with facial nerve palsy is a challenge of modern neurosurgery.

Trigeminal neurotization was performed in 23 patients within 1 to 10 months after the development of facial paralysis. In most cases, the cause of facial paralysis was surgery for space-occupying lesions of the cerebellopontine angle (95.6%). Outcomes of trigeminal neurotization were evaluated in 17 (73.9%) patients who were followed-up for more than 6 months.

In 16 (94.1%) patients, the facial nerve function was recovered to a House-Brackmann grade III-IV. Given the surgery we can say that trigeminal neurotization is one of the effective treatments for facial paralysis. In most cases, this technique has provided good outcomes without additional complications, which is important for this group of patients.
In this work, one of the main scientific and technological problem of laser cladding technology, increasing the powder usage coefficient are studied.

Two-phase gas-powder flow are investigated. Physical and mathematical models of powder transportation process are discussed. The structure of gas-powder flows formed by the laser-cladding nozzle and the accuracy of focusing the jet of powder being researched. The main attention is focused on interaction between powder particles and nozzle wall.

Presented data collected by gas-powder jet optic diagnostic, results of numerical simulation and their comparison.
We report on the thermalization of light carrying orbital angular momentum in multimode optical fibers, induced by nonlinear intermodal interactions.

A generalized Rayleigh-Jeans distribution of asymptotic mode composition is obtained, based on the conservation of the angular momentum. We confirm our predictions by numerical simulations and experiments based on holographic mode decomposition of multimode beams.

Our work establishes new constraints for the achievement of spatial beam self-cleaning, giving previously unforeseen insights into the underlying physical mechanisms.
Unlike the classical statement, when the vacuum magnetic field obeys the div-curl system of pre-Maxwell dynamics, we do not neglect the displacement current in the vacuum region and consider the Maxwell equations for electric and magnetic fields.

We study the free boundary problem for the plasma-vacuum interface in ideal compressible magnetohydrodynamics. Under this condition satisfied at each point of the unperturbed nonplanar plasma-vacuum interface, we prove the well-posedness of the linearized problem in anisotropic weighted Sobolev spaces.

We show that a sufficiently large vacuum electric field can make the planar interface violently unstable. We find and analyze a sufficient condition on the vacuum electric field that precludes violent instabilities.
Chromosomal imprinting requires an epigenetic system that “imprints” one of the two parental chromosomes such that it results in a heritable (cell-to-cell) change in behavior of the “imprinted” chromosome. Imprinting takes place when the parental genomes are separate, which occurs during gamete formation in the respective germ-lines and post-fertilization during the period when the parental pro-nuclei lie separately within the ooplasm of the zygote. In the mouse, chromosomal imprinting is regulated by germ-line specific DNA methylation. But the methylation machinery in the respective germ-lines does not discriminate between imprinted and non-imprinted regions. As a consequence, the mouse oocyte nucleus contains over a thousand oocyte-specific germ-line differentially methylated regions (gDMRs). Upon fertilization, the sperm provides a few hundred sperm-specific gDMRs of its own. Combined, there are around 1600 imprinted and non-imprinted gDMRs in the pro-nuclei of the newly fertilized zygote. It is a remarkable fact that beginning in the maternal ooplasm, there are mechanisms that manage to preserve DNA methylation at ~ 26 known imprinted gDMRs in the face of the ongoing genome-wide DNA de-methylation that characterizes pre-implantation development. Specificity is achieved through the binding of KRAB-zinc finger proteins to their cognate recognition sequences within the gDMRs of imprinted genes. This in turn nucleates the assembly of localized heterochromatin-like complexes that preserve methylation at imprinted gDMRs through recruitment of the maintenance methyl transferase Dnmt1. These studies have shown that a germ-line imprint may cause parent-of-origin-specific behavior only if “licensed” by mechanisms that operate post-fertilization. Study of the germ-line and post-fertilization contributions to the imprinting of chromosomes in classical insect systems (Coccidae and Sciaridae) show that the ooplasm is the likely site where imprinting takes place. By comparing molecular and genetic studies across these three species, we suggest that mechanisms which operate post-fertilization play a key role in chromosomal imprinting phenomena in animals and conserved components of heterochromatin are shared by these mechanisms.
In recent studies it was determined that certain allotriploids produced from crosses of sexual diploid Tripsacum dactyloides (2 n = 2 x = 36), section Tripsacum and apomictic tetraploid T. maizar (2 n = 4 x = 72), section Fasciculata reproduce sexually. Backcrossing progenies can be clearly classified to either sect. Tripsacum or sect. Fasciculata due to their distinctively different inflorescence phenotype.

Our main objective was to investigate whether there were potential genetic differences between the genomes from sect. Tripsacum and sect. Fasciculata at the molecular level that correlate with such morphological shifts in these unusual sexual allotriploids. Cluster analysis based on randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) profiles of these sexual allotriploids clearly indicated that substantial differences among many loci do exist between T. dactyloides and T. maizar.

These results support the taxonomic classification of Tripsacum species into section Tripsacum and section Fasciculata.
The conventional Fourier transform is widely used mathematical methods in science and technology. It allows representing the signal/field under study as a set of spectral harmonics, that it many situations simplify understanding of such signal/field. In some linear equations, where spectral harmonics evolve independently of each other, the Fourier transform provides a straightforward description of otherwise complex dynamics. Something similar is available for certain classes of nonlinear equations that are integrable using the inverse scattering transform [1,2], also known as the nonlinear Fourier transform (NFT).

Here we discuss potential of its application in dissipative, non-integrable systems to characterize coherent structures. We present a new approach for describing the evolution of a nonlinear system considering the cubic Ginzburg-Landau Equation (CGLE) as a particularly important example in the context of laser system modeling: i[(∂U)/(∂z)] + 1 /2 [(∂ 2 U)/(∂t 2 )] + |U | 2 U -i (σU + α[(∂ 2 U)/(∂t 2 )] + δ|U | 2 U ) = 0.
We propose a method of constructing analytical, closed-form expressions for electrostatic/Newtonian potentials of non-uniform polyhedral bodies, in which the density distributions are polynomials of coordinates. Possible applications of the proposed method are spread from astronomy to nanotechnology.

The method is based on the use of the generating function for the potential.

Explicit expressions for the potential are derived in the case of quadratic or cubic coordinate dependence of the density within a polyhedral body.
A fully developed turbulent air pipe flow at a Reynolds number Re = 5300 enters the volume filled with ambient gas (air, carbon dioxide or helium). The validation of DNS is performed using the data from the literature.

We study round turbulent jets with variable density using Direct numerical simulations (DNS) and Spectral element method (SEM) for spatial discretization.

We inspect the instantaneous velocity and concentration fields for all three cases with the emphasis on the typical vortical structures dominating the flow.
A combination of experimental quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS) and deuterium solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (2H NMR) techniques was used to uncover the molecular mobility of benzene confined in UiO-66 (Zr) MOF with a 3D cage-window-cage type porous network topology.

We have shown that tetrahedral and octahedral cages of UiO-66 offer notably different states of confinement for benzene. Below 163 K, the guest molecules of benzene are represented by two different dynamic states: in the smaller (tetrahedral) cage the benzene is able to exhibit only anisotropic C6 rotation and some limited librations. In the octahedral cage, there is enough space for additional C2 axial rotation and the isotropic random reorientation. Rotational motions have been characterized by the rate constants and corresponding activation energies.

The two dynamic states merge as the temperature increases due to translational jump diffusion with the limiting step being the passage through the window between the cages. Both techniques show similar activation barrier for the diffusion of 25–27 kJ mol–1 and a diffusion coefficient D = 3.3 × 10–11 m2 s–1 at 400 K. The diffusion process is described by a migration via 1 nm long jumps among octa- and tetrahedral cages. The 2H NMR gives the correlation times for both the elementary step of diffusion (jump exchange between neighboring octa- and tetrahedral cages) and ≈58 time slower long-range isotropic migration process.
Glioblastoma is a leader among the most malignant brain tumors with the average lifespan of patients around 9-12 months. For prevention and treatment of neuropathology, a variety of therapeutic and surgical approaches are being developed and improved, including radiation and chemical therapy methods.

In our work, we investigated cytopathic effect of X-ray irradiation with application of metal oxides nanoparticles such as manganese oxide (MnO) on U87 human glioblastoma cells. We used the X-ray irradiation dose of 0.5, 4, 40 and 100 Gy in combination with nanoparticles at the concentration of 0.5 ng/ml. The irradiation of glioma cell was carried out at the synchrotron radiation source VEPP-4. After cells treatments with nanoparticles for about 24 h and radiation the results were assessed by MTT assay test with 106/ml cells densities.

We demonstrate that preincubation of the glioblastoma cell lines U87 with MnO nanoparticles allows reducing dose of irradiation. This combination of nanoparticles and X-ray irradiation provides new possibilities for the treatment of brain tumors.
The article highlights the main trends in the development of world energy.

The method of forecasting energy consumption is presented, taking into account the level and dynamics of energy consumption in general, as well as the use of individual energy resources with differentiation by countries and regions. In the present study, when forming the energy forecast, the key indicators determining the global energy demand are the dynamics of the energy intensity of GDP and per capita energy consumption.

It is shown that in the total volume of world consumption of primary energy resources, oil will continue to occupy a leading position. Among fossil fuels, the demand for natural gas will increase most intensively. The share of coal in the structure of consumption of primary energy carriers will decrease, which is associated with the replacement of coal with natural gas in order to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. The greatest growth rates of demand among non-fossil fuels will be observed in renewable energy sources. The main growth in atomic energy consumption will be in the developing countries of the Asia-Pacific Region.
. Strong coupling of nuclear spins, which is achieved when their scalar coupling 2πJ is greater than or comparable to the difference δω in their Larmor precession frequencies in an external magnetic field, gives rise to efficient coherent longitudinal polarization transfer. The strong-coupling regime can be achieved when the external magnetic field is sufficiently low, as δω is reduced proportional to the field strength. In the present work, however, we demonstrate that in heteronuclear spin systems these simple arguments may not hold, since heteronuclear spin-spin interactions alter the δω value. The experimental method that we use is two-field NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance), exploiting sample shuttling between a high field, at which NMR spectra are acquired, and low field, where strong couplings are expected, at which NMR pulses can be applied to affect the spin dynamics. By using this technique, we generate zero-quantum spin coherences by means of non-adiabatic passage through a level anti-crossing and study their evolution at low field. Such zero-quantum coherences mediate the polarization transfer under strong coupling conditions. Experiments performed with an 13C labelled amino acid clearly show that the coherent polarization transfer at low field is pronounced in the 13C-spin subsystem under proton decoupling. However, in the absence of proton decoupling, polarization transfer by coherent processes is dramatically reduced, demonstrating that heteronuclear spin-spin interactions suppress the strong coupling regime even when the external field is low. A theoretical model is presented, which can model the reported experimental results.
This term is not easy to translate because of several reasons and it makes difficult to define it. Our research of this reasons allow us to criticize some of the previous translations and definitions. Translation of the gameplay as a gaming process or playability cannot used as valid approach

instead of them we claim interpretation of gameplay as an organization of game's components. After this we suggest a new one, based on videogame's main element (rules and confines). Consideration of the gameplay's and game's elements lead us to conclusion about two processes forming gameplay

one of them aimed on playability of this videogame, another – on the interesting of the fictional world of the game or its element. In conclusion we present several examples of usage of these concepts to understand some aspects of reception and design of videogames.