Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
This study had evaluated three commercially available bisulfite modification kits with regard to the procedural DNA loss and the efficacy of cytosine conversion to uracil. The efficacy of DNA conversion was estimated by pyrosequencing of eight CpG sites of unmethylated and fully enzymatically methylated templates of RARβ gene promoter region and cirDNAs of healthy donors and prostate cancer patients. The procedural DNA loss was calculated by methyl-independent qPCR for ubiquitously distributed L1RE1 retrotransposable elements. Our data demonstrates that all commercial kits displayed similar conversion efficacy of the unmethylated cytosines close to 99% independently of DNA concentration. However, when low DNA concentrations were used, the observed basic level of genomic DNA methylation increased to 11% depending on the position of CpG site. Qiagen and Chemicon kits recovered no more than 20% starting material at a high DNA input (500 ng/probe) and only 2.7–5.8% for low DNA input (10 ng/probe). EZ DNA Methylation-Gold Kit from Zymo Research provided the highest recovery regardless of the initial DNA input with average rates of no less than 86%. These results suggest that the EZ DNA Methylation-Gold Kit is the most appropriate tool for bisulfite modification of cirDNA when assaying DNA in low amounts.
From April to July 2018, a data sample at the peak energy of the resonance was collected with the Belle II detector at the SuperKEKB electron-positron collider. This is the first data sample of the Belle II experiment.

Using Bhabha and digamma events, we measure the integrated luminosity of the data sample to be ( , where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic.

This work provides a basis for future luminosity measurements at Belle II.
Early-life stress affects neuronal plasticity of the brain regions participating in the implementation of social behavior. Our previous studies have shown that brief and prolonged separation of pups from their mothers leads to enhanced social behavior in adult female mice.

The goal of the present study was to characterize the expression of genes (which are engaged in synaptic plasticity) Egr1, Npas4, Arc, and Homer1 in the prefrontal cortex and dorsal hippocampus of adult female mice with a history of early-life stress. In addition, we evaluated the expression of stress-related genes: glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors (Nr3c1 and Nr3c2) and Nr1d1, which encodes a transcription factor (also known as REVERBα) modulating sociability and anxiety-related behavior. C57Bl/6 mice were exposed to either maternal separation (MS, 3 h once a day) or handling (HD, 15 min once a day) on postnatal days 2 through 14. In adulthood, the behavior of female mice was analyzed by some behavioral tests, and on the day after the testing of social behavior, we measured the gene expression.

We found increased Npas4 expression only in the prefrontal cortex and higher Nr1d1 expression in both the prefrontal cortex and dorsal hippocampus of adult female mice with a history of MS. The expression of the studied genes did not change in HD female mice. The expression of stress-related genes Nr3c1 and Nr3c2 was unaltered in both groups. We propose that the upregulation of Npas4 and Nr1d1 in females with a history of early-life stress and the corresponding enhancement of social behavior may be regarded as an adaptation mechanism reversing possible aberrations caused by early-life stress.
Flow boiling experiments were conducted in mini- and microchannel with different ratio of heater width to a channel width. Decrease in critical heat flux is observed in transition from wide channel to channel with width equal to a heater width. Particularities of boiling phenomena in these conditions were observed by means of high-speed visualization, which provided an explanation to heat flux reduction.
October 2015 marks the 160 th anniversary of the birth of Ivan V. Michurin. As a scientist and plant breeder, he made a significant improvement of many fruit and berry plants, and flowers. He developed methods of plant breeding, especially regarding long-distance hybridisation of fruit plants, and promoted gardening to the north and east of Russia.

He introduced some new berry species, such as Actinidia and black chokeberry, and was the first in Russia to use dwarf and semi dwarf stocks of apples. He not only brought together a representative collection of species and varieties of fruit, berry and flower plants from around the world, but also used them in breeding by hybridization, including interspecific. He created some new artificial interspecific hybrids such as Cerapadus (cherry and bird cherry tree hybrid), and others.

Michurin initiated the mass movement of gardeners and horticulture experimenters in USSR who changed and significantly extended the assortment and areas of fruit and berries cultivation in the country. Michurin created 132 cultivars. Eleven of them are not only cultivated, but are also included in 'The State Register of Protected Plant Breeding of the Russian Federation'.
In this paper, anisotropic Sobolev — Slobodetskii spaces in poly-cylindrical domains of any dimension N are considered. In the first part of the paper we revisit the well-known Lions — Magenes Trace Theorem (1961) and, naturally, extend regularity results for the trace and lift operators onto the anisotropic case. As a byproduct, we build a generalization of the Kruzhkov — Korolev Trace Theorem for the first-order Sobolev Spaces (1985). In the second part of the paper we observe the nonhomogeneous Dirichlet, Neumann, and Robin problems for p-elliptic equations. The well-posedness theory for these problems can be successfully constructed using isotropic theory, and the corresponding results are outlined in the paper. Clearly, in such a unilateral approach, the anisotropic features are ignored and the results are far beyond the critical regularity. In the paper, the refinement of the trace theorem is done by the constructed extension.DOI 10.14258/izvasu(2018)4-19
We present the first comprehensive data for the early Ediacaran stage of evolution of the western active continental margin of the Siberian Craton (Yenisei Ridge). U-Pb (SHRIMP-II SIMS) data for zircons from dikes of picrodolerites, quartz diorites, and leucocratic granites show that they were emplaced at 625 ± 5, 623 ± 8, and 626 ± 5 Ma, respectively, which indicates a narrow time window of Ediacaran magmatic events. The mafic tholeiitic rocks have OIB and E-MORB mantle components in their magmatic sources. Mineralogical and geochemical observations showed that the mantle-sourced mafic melts assimilated some crustal material, forming Th-enriched dikes of intermediate composition and K- and Rb-enriched felsic rocks. The possible geodynamic conditions for the formation of these early Ediacaran dikes are shown and a geodynamic model is presented for the development of the Yenisei Ridge orogen from the late Cryogenian to the late Ediacaran.
The trend in the study of photo content in the modern media space is gaining momentum and actualizes the problems of interpreting a visual image. Under the influence of technological innovations, the photographic process is being transformed and requires not only professional self-reflection, but also a detailed study based on modern approaches and methods of text reconstruction. The method of semiotic analysis and the method of the language field allow us to identify and interpret the meanings embedded in photo projects. The semiotic interpretation is focused on the analysis of the visual image, which is a culturally determined system of signs. In turn, the language field method allows you to identify key concepts in a certain topic and associate them with peripheral ones that complement the core. In this article, the promise of using these methods is demonstrated on the material of photoprojects by V. Klamm and F. Telkov.
Income approach based on the method of discounted cash flows (DCF) seems to be the main instrument to evaluate economic efficiency of investment projects when developing oil and gas fields. However, at early stages of exploration and exploitation of hydrocarbon resources, uncertainty and risks of investors are very high, which limits the use of traditional methods. It is necessary to develop valuation tools accounting high uncertainty of input data on the exploitation of oil and natural gas resources, flexibility of their development by formation of rational production strategy with volatility of the operating parameters such as the world oil prices and the size and value of oil and gas reserves. In this article presents the real options approach which accounts the potential of flexible and adaptive project management providing advantages in assessing development projects as compared to the traditional income methods. Implementation of this method is exemplified by the case of oil and gas fields in the east of the Siberian platform.
We study experimentally the longitudinal and transverse wakefields driven by a highly relativistic proton bunch during self-modulation in plasma. We show that the wakefields' growth and amplitude increase with increasing seed amplitude as well as with the proton bunch charge in the plasma. We study transverse wakefields using the maximum radius of the proton bunch distribution measured on a screen downstream from the plasma. We study longitudinal wakefields by externally injecting electrons and measuring their final energy. Measurements agree with trends predicted by theory and numerical simulations and validate our understanding of the development of self-modulation. Experiments were performed in the context of the Advanced Wakefield Experiment (AWAKE).
The distribution patterns of Orthoptera are described for the boreal zone. The boreal fauna of Eurasia includes more than 81 species. Many of them are widely distributed. The monotypic genus Paracyphoderris Storozhenko and at least 13 species are endemics or subendemics. About 50 species are known from boreal North America.

Relationships between the faunas of the Eurasian and North American parts of the boreal zone are relatively weak. The boreal assemblages are usually characterized by the low levels of species diversity and abundance. Grasshoppers and their relatives occupy almost exclusively open habitats, such as different types of meadows, mountain steppes and tundras, clearings, openings, bogs, and stony flood plains.

Four endemic species are distributed very locally. The local endemics and subendemics are found only in some habitats of the eastern part of Eurasia and the north-western part of North America. Retrospective and prospective of the boreal fauna of Orthoptera are also discussed.
Three-dimensional metric models of real physical objects are actively used when solving various tasks in the process of a person's professional activity. In the construction industry, 3D modeling helps to capture all life cycles of buildings from engineering surveys to design, operation and demolition work. Three-dimensional models allow quickly performing all the necessary measurements in a computer environment, provide the ability to build two-dimensional drawings and make changes to design documentation. Among all types of three-dimensional models, there are separately those that allow storing various attributive information about an object in addition to geometric information, significantly automate the process of many engineering calculations using a three-dimensional model and provide the ability to automatically create various types of documentation. These types of three-dimensional models are called building information models (BIM).

The most appropriate method is laser scanning as a data source for creating BIM. The technique of three-dimensional modeling based on laser scanning data is discussed.

The advantages of BIM over simple three-dimensional models created in specialized software for processing laser scanning data and computer-aided design systems are analyzed.
Recent SND results on the study of the process e + e − → π 0 γ are presented.

The study is based on data collected with the SND detector on the VEPP-2M and VEPP-2000 e + e − colliders with an integrated luminosity of 25 and 46 pb −1 , respectively. The VEPP-2M data used in this analysis are recorded in the center-of-mass energy range 0.60-1.38 GeV, while the VEPP-2000 data in the range 1.05-2.00 GeV.
We overview recent experimental results of beam self-cleaning observed in various types of multimode fibers.

We analyze the output spatial beam shapes

and their connection with the refractive index profile of the fibers.
The resonant substructures of ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\overline{D}}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ decays are studied with the Dalitz plot technique.

In this study a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $3.0\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of $pp$ collisions collected by the LHCb detector is used. The ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ S-wave components are modeled with the isobar and K-matrix formalisms. Results of the Dalitz plot analyses using both models are presented.

A resonant structure at $m({\overline{D}}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}})\ensuremath{\approx}2.8\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}/{c}^{2}$ is confirmed and its spin-parity is determined for the first time as ${J}^{P}={3}^{\ensuremath{-}}$. The branching fraction, mass and width of this structure are determined together with those of the ${D}_{0}^{*}(2400{)}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ and ${D}_{2}^{*}(2460{)}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ resonances. The branching fractions of other ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\overline{D}}^{0}{h}^{0}$ decay components with ${h}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ are also reported. Many of these branching fraction measurements are the most precise to date. The first observation of the decays ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\overline{D}}^{0}{f}_{0}(500)$, ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\overline{D}}^{0}{f}_{0}(980)$, ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\overline{D}}^{0}\ensuremath{\rho}(1450)$, ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}_{3}^{*}(2760{)}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ and the first evidence of ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\overline{D}}^{0}{f}_{0}(2020)$ are presented.
The results of a 35-year selection of foxes for aggressive response to humans are reported. Averaged estimates of the phenotypic manifestation of aggressiveness in all selection generations are presented. The dynamics of these estimates shows that the phenotypic response to the selection was obvious only in the first 12 generations. Subsequent selection did not alter the mean aggressiveness score.

Analysis of variance was performed for the intergroup variability (among descendants of different mothers) and intragroup variability (among the offspring within a family). The intragroup variability was constantly low. Most likely, the trait is stabilized by maternal prenatal and early neonatal factors. The general tendency in the dynamics of intergroup variability is that it does not decrease over time during selection, no matter how long the population has been under it.

It follows from the statistical indices of the phenotypic similarity between parents and offspring that additive interactions are insufficient for the explanation of the persisting variability. The contribution of epistatic interactions is not ruled out, though. Emphasis is laid on the correlated consequences of the selection for aggressiveness and their coordination with the consequences of the selection in the opposite direction, for elimination of aggressive response to humans, or for tameness. The parallelism of correlated changes in the selection in contrasting directions is illustrated by the examples of some physiological and morphological traits. The phenomenon is discussed in the light of classical notions of the resource of cryptic genetic variation and the role of selection in its phenotypic manifestation. Its interpretation also invokes molecular data pointing that some genetic pathways may regulate parameters of both aggression and tameness and that the selection processes in both directions may have some genetic targets in common.
Adjuvant chemotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ) is an intrinsic part of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) therapy targeted to eliminate residual GBM cells. Despite the intensive treatment, a GBM relapse develops in the majority of cases resulting in poor outcome of the disease.

Here, we investigated off-target negative effects of the systemic chemotherapy on glycosylated components of the brain extracellular matrix (ECM) and their functional significance. Using an elaborated GBM relapse animal model, we demonstrated that healthy brain tissue resists GBM cell proliferation and invasion, thereby restricting tumor development. TMZ-induced [especially in combination with dexamethasone (DXM)] changes in composition and content of brain ECM proteoglycans (PGs) resulted in the accelerated adhesion, proliferation, and invasion of GBM cells into brain organotypic slices ex vivo and more active growth and invasion of experimental xenograft GBM tumors in SCID mouse brain in vivo. These changes occurred both at core proteins and polysaccharide chain levels, and degradation of chondroitin sulfate (CS) was identified as a key event responsible for the observed functional effects.

Collectively, our findings demonstrate that chemotherapy-induced changes in glycosylated components of brain ECM can impact the fate of residual GBM cells and GBM relapse development. ECM-targeted supportive therapy might be a useful strategy to mitigate the negative off-target effects of the adjuvant GBM treatment and increase the relapse-free survival of GBM patients.
The AlN phase transition on the (0001) Al 2 O 3 surface was investigated. It was experimentally estimated that the AlN formation rate as a function of temperature has a different character in two temperature regions.

In the region of relatively low temperatures ( T < 1210 K), the AlN formation rate is limited by chemical reactions. At higher temperatures ( T > 1210 K), the formation of an ordered AlN phase is determined by a continuous two-dimensional phase transition within the filled AlN-lattice-gas cells formed on the sapphire surface. A three-parameter isotherm is proposed to describe the process.

The observed phase transition in the AlN lattice gas is a continuous phase transition or a second-order transition.
This paper extends the work by Mednykh and Rasskazov presented in [On the structure of the canonical fundamental set for the 2-bridge link orbifolds, Universität Bielefeld, Sonderforschungsbereich 343, Discrete Structuren in der Mathematik, Preprint (1988), pp. 98–062, www.mathematik.uni-bielefeld.de/sfb343/preprints/pr98062.ps.gz ]. By using their approach, we derive the Riley–Mednykh polynomial for a family of [Formula: see text]-bridge knot orbifolds. As a result, we obtain explicit formulae for the volumes and Chern–Simons invariants of orbifolds and cone-manifolds on the knot with Conway’s notation [Formula: see text].
Stem rust caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici Eriks. is a dangerous disease of common wheat worldwide. Development and cultivation of the varieties with genetic resistance is one of the most effective and environmentally important ways for protection of wheat against fungal pathogens.

Field phytopathological screening and genome-wide association study (GWAS) were used for assessment of the genetic diversity of a collection of spring wheat genotypes on stem rust resistance loci. The collection consisting of Russian varieties of spring wheat and introgression lines with alien genetic materials was evaluated over three seasons (2016, 2017 and 2018) for resistance to the native population of stem rust specific to the West Siberian region of Russia. In total, 13,006 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers obtained from the Infinium 15K array were used to perform genome-wide association analysis.

The results indicate that most varieties displayed from moderate to high levels of susceptibility to P. graminis; 16% of genotypes had resistance or immune response. GWAS detected 35 significant marker-trait associations (MTAs) with SNPs located on chromosomes 1A, 2A, 2B, 3B, 5A, 5B, 6A, 7A and 7B. The most significant associations were found on chromosomes 7A and 6A where known resistance genes Sr25 and Sr6Ai = 2 originated from Thinopyrum ssp. are located. Common wheat lines containing introgressed fragments from Triticum timopheevii and Triticum kiharae were found to carry Sr36 gene on 2B chromosome. It has been suggested that the quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapped to the chromosome 5BL may be new loci inherited from the T. timopheevii. It can be inferred that a number of Russian wheat varieties may contain the Sr17 gene, which does not currently provide effective protection against pathogen.
The work is aimed at developing methods of numerical simulation of incompressible non-symmetric flow in streamwise corner by solving the Navier–Stokes equations with ANSYS Fluent and the self-similar equations of boundary-layer type.

A comparison of the computations with each other and experimental data is provided.
В 1978 г. в Китае с началом политики «реформ и открытости» произошло изменение внешнеполитического курса страны.Причина преображения заключалась в смене установок экономического развития государства: полное отрицание частной формы собственности и рыночных отношений, сопровождавшееся определяемым Мао Цзэдуном идеологическим курсом, сменилось постепенным включением капиталистических механизмов в экономику КНР и пропорциональными сдвигами в идеологии, выраженными в фактическом отходе от маоистских установок.

Продвигаясь по пути «реформ и открытости», китайское руководство все сильнее использовало средства рыночной экономики, оправдывая очередные изменения новыми идеологическими корректировками политического курса.

К 2001 г. значительную часть народного хозяйства Китая уже составлял частный сектор, а страна, вступив в ВТО, оказалась инкорпорирована в международные отношения в качестве представителя рыночной экономики.Превращение частного сектора в локомотив китайской экономики получило обоснование в виде концепции «тройного представительства», предложенной Цзян Цзэминем в 2002 г.Однако несмотря на преобразования политической и экономической деятельности руководством страны де-юре демонстрировалась преемственность по отношению к идеям предыдущих лидеров, фактически же действия правящей элиты исходили из потребностей
In the south of western Siberia (Russia), there are many unique and unexplored soda, saline, and freshwater lakes.

The metagenomic approach used in this work allowed us to determine the composition and structure of a floating microbial community, the upper layer of silt, and the strata of bottom sediments in a natural saline lake via two bioinformatic approaches, whose results are in good agreement with each other.

In the floating microbial community and in the upper layers of the bottom sediment, bacteria of the Proteobacteria (Gammaproteobacteria), Cyanobacteria, and Bacteroidetes phyla were found to predominate. The lower layers were dominated by Proteobacteria (mainly Deltaproteobacteria), Gemmatimonadetes, Firmicutes, and Archaea. Metabolic pathways were reconstructed to investigate the metabolic potential of the microbial communities and other hypothetical roles of the microbial communities in the biogeochemical cycle. Relations between different taxa of microorganisms were identified, as was their potential role in biogeochemical transformations of C, N, and S in a comparative structural analysis that included various ecological niches.