Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Пусть $G$ - конечная группа лиева типа $F_4$ и $W$ - группа Вейля группы $G$. Для каждого максимального тора $T$ группы $G$ найден минимальный порядок добавления к тору $T$ в его алгебраическом нормализаторе $N(G,T)$. В частности, найдены все максимальные торы, имеющие дополнение в группе $N(G,T)$. Пусть тор $T$ соответствует элементу $w$ группы $W$. Найдены минимальные порядки поднятий элементов $w$ в группе $N(G,T)$. Библиография: 20 наименований.
The available data demonstrate that even in universal metabolic pathways, some species-specific regulatory features of structural genes are present. For instance, in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway (ABP), genes may be regulated by ABP-specific regulatory factors, and their expression levels may be strongly associated with anthocyanin pigmentation, or they may be expressed independently of pigmentation. A dataset of orthologous ABP genes (Chs, Chi, F3h, F3'h, Dfr, Ans) from monocot and dicot plant species that have distinct gene regulation patterns and different types of pollination was constructed to test whether these factors affect the evolution of the genes. Using a maximum likelihood approach, we demonstrated that although the whole set of the ABP genes is under purifying selection, with greater selection acting on the upstream genes than on the downstream genes, genes from distinct groups of plant species experienced different strengths of selective pressure. The selective pressure on the genes was higher in dicots than in monocots (F3h and further downstream genes) and in pollinator-dependent plants than in pollinator-independent species (Chi and further downstream genes), suggesting an important role of pollination type in the evolution of the anthocyanin biosynthesis gene network. Contrasting effects of the regulation patterns on evolution were detected for the F3h and Dfr genes, with greater selective pressure on the F3h gene in plant species where the gene expression was not strongly associated with pigmentation and greater selective pressure on Dfr in plant species where the gene expression was associated with pigmentation. We demonstrated the effects of pollination type and patterns of regulation on the evolution of the ABP genes, but the evolution of some of the genes could not be explained in the framework of these factors, such as the weaker selective pressure acting on Chs in species that attract pollinators or the stronger selective pressure on F3h in plant species where the gene expression was not associated with pigmentation. The observations suggest that additional factors could affect the evolution of these genes. One such factor could be an effect of gene duplication with further division of functions among gene copies and relaxed selective pressure acting on them. Additional tests with an appropriate dataset combining data on duplicated gene sequences and their functions in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway are required to test this hypothesis.
An extension of the well known ee → 4 l event generator of F. A. Berends, P. H. Daverveldt, and R. Kleiss is presented. This extension accounts for production of narrow resonances, as well as the initial state radiation. In addition, it allows one to simulate the production of l + l − π + π − with the lepton pair and the pion pair in 1 −− states.
Whole genome and whole exome sequencing technologies play a very important role in the studies of the genetic aspects of the pathogenesis of various diseases. The ample use of genome-wide and exome-wide association study methodology (GWAS and EWAS) made it possible to identify a large number of genetic variants associated with diseases. This information is accumulated in the databases like GWAS central, GWAS catalog, OMIM, ClinVar, etc. Most of the variants identified by the GWAS technique are located in the noncoding regions of the human genome. According to the ENCODE project, the fraction of regions in the human genome potentially involved in transcriptional control is many times greater than the fraction of coding regions. Thus, genetic variation in noncoding regions of the genome can increase the susceptibility to diseases by disrupting various regulatory elements (promoters, enhancers, silencers, insulator regions, etc.). However, identification of the mechanisms of influence of pathogenic genetic variants on the diseases risk is difficult due to a wide variety of regulatory elements. The present review focuses on the molecular genetic mechanisms by which pathogenic genetic variants affect gene expression. At the same time, attention is concentrated on the transcriptional level of regulation as an initial step in the expression of any gene. A triggering event mediating the effect of a pathogenic genetic variant on the level of gene expression can be, for example, a change in the functional activity of transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) or DNA methylation change, which, in turn, affects the functional activity of promoters or enhancers. Dissecting the regulatory roles of polymorphic loci have been impossible without close integration of modern experimental approaches with computer analysis of a growing wealth of genetic and biological data obtained using omics technologies. The review provides a brief description of a number of the most well-known public genomic information resources containing data obtained using omics technologies, including (1) resources that accumulate data on the chromatin states and the regions of transcription factor binding derived from ChIP-seq experiments; (2) resources containing data on genomic loci, for which allele-specific transcription factor binding was revealed based on ChIP-seq technology; (3) resources containing in silico predicted data on the potential impact of genetic variants on the transcription factor binding sites.
The mutations in ontogenes have been shown to drastically increase the nondisjunction of X chromosomes in the D. melanogaster meiosis. This means that ontogenes are involved in the process that brings the homologs together although both the genes and ontogenes are finally paired. The phenomenon named the paradox of homologous pairing is described.

Chromosomal rearrangements (inversions and translocations) lead to formation of specific topological figures (loops and crosses) during pairing. The mutual arrangement of the nucleotide sequences of homologous ontogenes before and after formation of such figures is different. Their arrangement coincides after a figure is formed and the pairing looks homologous. However, before the figure is formed, their arrangement does not match and the pairing is actually nonhomologous.

The available data on ontogenes allows this paradox to be resolved. It is assumed that the sequence of each ontogene possesses a factor that 1) is a product of this nucleotide sequence; 2) is co-located with this sequence; and 3) generates approaching independently of nucleotide sequence position in space. The sole candidate to the role of this factor is the DNA conformation of ontogene. The conformation in the form of a solenoid of DNA is able to generate an electromagnetic field independent of the orientation of the DNA itself. The proposed resolution of the paradox is considered in terms of the problem of genetic homology.
Outsourced computations and, more particularly, cloud computations, are widespread nowadays.That is why the problem of keeping the data security arises.Multiple fully homomorphic cryptosystems were proposed in order to perform secret computations in untrusted environments.But most of the existent solutions are practically inapplicable as they require huge computation resources and produce big (∼1Gb) keys and ciphertexts.

Therefore, we propose the undemanding fully homomorphic scheme with practically acceptable (∼few Kb) keys and output data.Our solution uses modular arithmetic in order to avoid the increase in data size.

We have validated our approach through the implementation of the proposed cryptosystem.The details of used algorithms and the results of security evaluation are covered in this paper.
As a result of mineralogical and thermobarogeochemical researches of different-age basaltic complexes of Archipelago Franz Josef Land (FJL) regular changes in time of compositions of plagioclases, clinopyroxenes and melt inclusions are established. Chemical compositions of inclusions directly testify to prevalence in Early Jurassic of plateau basaltic melts similar (according to the content of the basic components, and also trace and rare-earth elements) to typical basalt tholeiitic magma of the Siberian platform. In Early Cretaceous melts already had the enriched subalkaline character. Calculations of conditions of magma generation, spent on the basis of the data on melt inclusions, have shown evolution from Early Jurassic to Early Cretaceous (with allocation of three peaks of magmatic activity: 192.2±2.8, 157.4±3.5 and 131.5±0.8 million years) depths and temperatures (accordingly: 70-110 km and to 120 km, 1430-1580°С; 60-110 km, 1390-1580°С; 50-140 km, 1350-1690°С) of mantle melting with formation of deep sources of the FJL magmas.
Current work deals with an LDA characterization of the velocity distributions and pressure pulsation maps in an axisymmetric draft tube for the flow conditions corresponding to wide range of the operating regimes of the micro-hydro turbine unit. For the detailed analysis of the velocity profiles, three characteristic regimes corresponding to part-load regime with precessing vortex core formation, best efficiency regime and overload regime of hydro turbine operation were selected. To capture spatial characteristics of the unsteady flow for part-load regime a phase averaging procedure for the LDA data has been employed.
We study the plasma-vacuum interface problem in relativistic magnetohydrodynamics for the case when the plasma density does not go to zero continuously, but jumps. In the vacuum region, we consider the Maxwell equations for electric and magnetic fields. We show that a sufficiently large vacuum electric field can make the planar interface violently unstable. By using a suitable secondary symmetrization of the vacuum Maxwell equations, we find a sufficient condition that precludes violent instabilities. Under this condition, we derive an energy a priori estimate in the anisotropic weighted Sobolev space [Formula: see text] for the variable coefficients linearized problem for nonplanar plasma-vacuum interfaces.
Despite the large number of existing methods of the diagnosis of the brain, brain remains the least studied part of the human body. Electroencephalography (EEG) is one of the most popular methods of studying of brain activity due to its relative cheapness, harmless, and mobility of equipment. While analyzing the EEG data of the brain, the problem of solving of the inverse problem of electroencephalography, the localization of the sources of electrical activity of the brain, arises.

The purpose of my research is to develop a software system for localization of brain activity sources based on the joint analysis of EEG and sMRI data. There are various approaches to solving of the inverse problem of EEG. To obtain the most exact results, some of them involve the use of data on the individual anatomy of the human head – structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI data). In this paper, one of these approaches is supposed to be used – Electromagnetic Spatiotemporal Independent Component Analysis (EMSICA) proposed by A. Tsai.

The article describes the main stages of the system, such as preprocessing of the initial data; the calculation of the special matrix of the EMSICA approach, the values of which show the level of activity of a certain part of the brain; visualization of brain activity sources on its three-dimensional model.
This work contains results of investigation of obtaining high thermally conductive ceramics from commercial powders of aluminum nitride and yttrium oxide by the method of monoaxial compaction of granulate.

The principal scheme of preparation is proposed and technological properties of granulate are defined. Compaction conditions for simple items to use as heat removal in microelectronics and power electrical engineering have been established. Investigations of thermophysical properties of obtained ceramics and its structure by the XRD and SEM methods have been carried out.

Ceramics with thermal conductivity from 172 to 174 W/m·K has been obtained as result of this work.
Relativistic electron beams are used successfully to generate electromagnetic waves. Both narrow-band and short-pulse THz generators of such type are described with examples of the free electron lasers (FELs) and prebunched-beam devices.

FELs (see, e.g., [1]) convert the power of relativistic electron beams to narrow-band radiation. The main component of an FEL is a special spatially periodic magnetic system, called undulator (see, e.g., [2]). The undulator magnetic field curves electron trajectories; therefore, electrons emit narrow-band electromagnetic radiation in free space.

The scheme of the FEL amplifier is shown in Fig. 1.
The review assesses the recently published book by V. T. Golovachev, dedicated to the ethnographic expedition of Russian naval officer and researcher Paul (Pavel Ivanovich) Ibis to Taiwan in early 1875.

A thorough study of the book was conducted, as it contains all currently available archival and published materials.

This expedition laid the foundation for scientific study of the material and spiritual culture of the island natives, from the Paleolithic era to ethnographical time. As a result of the work of V. T. Golovachev, Russia's priority in the study of Taiwan's ethnology can be considered conclusively proven.
International theoretical and empirical studies have shown that regional development and economic growth largely depend on spatial and non-spatial proximity of regions, which generates knowledge spillovers. We developed a methodological approach to measuring and visualising spatial and structural-technological proximity affecting regional knowledge spillovers. Moreover, we tested the techniques of the cartographic visualisation of the proximity of Russian regions. Further, we analysed foreign and domestic approaches to studying spatial and non-spatial proximity and obtained new results. We described the stages constituting a methodology for the quantitative assessment of different types of regional proximity. Additionally, we proposed a method for constructing a typology of regions based on the coefficients of the non-spatial proximity matrix, calculated according to the indicator “gross value added” for 15 sectors of the Russian National Classifier of Economic Activities (OKVED) for Russian regions. Using the data for the Novosibirsk region in 2005 and 2016, we applied methodological techniques for measuring and visualising geographical and structural-technological proximity (STB) of a region in relation to other constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The Novosibirsk region is located in the middle of the country and has a diversified structure of economic activities and science. For this particular region, there has been an increase in the likelihood of the emergence of knowledge spillover channels with various European regions of Russia and some regions of the Urals and the Far East. Proximity matrices can be used in econometric studies to test hypotheses about the impact of different forms of proximity on regional economic growth. Recommendations to enhance knowledge spillover coincide with the proposals to support the areas of innovative development stated in The Strategy of Spatial Development of the Russian Federation for the period until 2025.
The article presents an event correlation of the Permian‐Triassic granites of the Altai collision system, which are associated with industrial ore deposits and occurrences (Mo‐W, Sn‐W, Li‐Ta‐Be). The multi‐system and multi‐mineral isotope datings of igneous rocks and ore bodies (U/Pb, Re/Os, Rb/Sr, Ar/Ar‐methods) suggest the postcollisional (intraplate) formation of ore‐magmatic systems (OMS), the duration of which depended on the crustmantle interaction and the rates of tectonic exposure of geoblocks to the upper crustal levels.Two cases of the OMS thermal history are described: (1) Kalguty Mo‐W deposit associated with rare‐metal granite‐leucogranites and ongonite‐ elvan dykes, and (2) Novo‐Akhmirov Li‐Ta deposit represented by topaz‐zinnwaldite granites and the contemporary lamprophyre and ongonit‐elvan dykes. For these geological objects, numerical modeling was carried out. The proposed models show thermal cooling of the deep magmatic chambers of granite composition, resulting in the residual foci of rare‐metal‐granite melts, which are known as the petrological indicators of industrial ore deposits (Mo‐W, Sn‐W, Li‐Ta‐Be). According to the simulation results concerning the framework of a closed magmatic system with a complex multistage development history, the magmatic chamber has a lower underlying observable massif and a reservoir associated with it. A long‐term magmatic differentiation of the parental melt (a source of rare‐metal‐granite melts and ore hydrothermal fluids) takes place in this reservoir.
The objective of this study was to investigate the precocious sexual maturation in stoat females. We confirmed oestrus and successful mating in newborn stoats; and documented ovulation, preimplantation embryo development, embryonic diapause and implantation during first nine months of life. A total of 100 embryos at different stages of development were flushed from the oviducts and uterine horns obtained from female stoats (Mustela erminea) between day 26 and day 251 after birth. At same time points, the ovaries were fixed, sectioned and analysed for the presence of follicles and corpora lutea.
When crystals of four polymorphs – a stable α-form and three metastable ones (β-, γ-, δ-forms) – are simultaneously present in a pressure cell, immersed in a 1 : 1 pentane–isopentane mixture, the least stable β-form recrystallises exclusively into the γ-form (if no δ-form seed is present) or concomitantly into the γ- and δ-forms (if a seed of the δ-form is present). However, the β-form never recrystallises to the stable α-form, even if the latter is also present as a potential seed.
Phase composition of iron silicide nanocrystals (NCs) in the course of formation by solid phase epitaxy (SPE) method, and embedding into silicon was studied. It was found that SPE of 0.4-nm-thick Fe film at 630 °C resulted in formation of small (less than 29.5 nm) and big (more than 42.6 nm) NCs. The former contained only β-FeSi2 phase and the latter consisted of β-FeSi2 and ε-FeSi phases. Annealing of these NCs at 750 °C for 90 min led to transformation of β-FeSi2 and ε-FeSi into α-FeSi2 NCs. However, when the as-grown NCs have been covered with silicon layer with thickness of 25–380 nm at 750 °C, they turned into β-FeSi2 NC. Epitaxial relationship and crystal lattice deformation obtained for β-FeSi2 NCs covered by Si layer is favorable for indirect to direct band gap transition.
A fusion reactor concept on the basis of a linear trap is developing in BINP. These studies incorporate multiple-mirror sections which should reduce significantly longitudinal plasma losses from a confinement zone.

In the paper, physics on the multiple-mirror confinement relevant to plasma behavior at reactor conditions will be discussed. Basic results were received in the GOL-3 multiple-mirror trap in which plasma of 1021 m−3 density was heated by a high-power electron beam up to 2 – 4 keV temperature. Direct demonstration of a confinement improvement by multi-mirror sections in the magnetic configuration relevant to the reactor one will be done in the GOL-NB facility that will be created in BINP. In addition, a new plasma device SMOLA with a helical multiple-mirror magnetic field for an active confinement control is discussed.

The key milestones were: the demonstration of effective plasma heating by the electron beam due to collective effects, the achievement of theoretically predicted level of energy confinement time under optimal conditions, and finally, the discovery of a bounce instability that improves longitudinal confinement.
We demonstrated the influence of liquid additives on the rate and selectivity of mechanochemical fluorination of aromatic and 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds with F-TEDA-BF
Data on the electronic structure and redox, magnetic, luminescent, nonlinear optical and catalytic properties of tri- and tetranuclear molybdenum and tungsten chalcogenide clusters are analyzed and integrated. The prospects for the applications of this family of clusters for the design of new materials for molecular electronics, nonlinear optics and catalysis are considered. The bibliography includes 202 references.
In the present work free convective air flow in the two-dimensional cavity with three different aspect ratios (AR) are investigated using direct numerical simulation. The bottom wall is assumed to be kept at a uniform higher temperature than that of the top wall and the other two vertical walls are assumed to be thermally insulated.

The computations are conducted for Rayleigh number (Ra) values from 103 to 106. Convective schemes are compared and Self Filtered Central Differencing Scheme is used to discretize convective term. Parallel computing MPI code is adapted to run the simulations. An attempt has been made to gather the visualization techniques such as streamlines, isotherms, energy streamlines and field synergy principle to analyse the flow behaviour inside the cavity.

When Ra is small, the vertical energy streamlines are observed in the cavity. As Ra further increased, the free energy streamlines observed at the boundary and the trapped energy streamlines at the centre in the horizontal direction. For a fixed Ra, and increasing AR, the average synergy angle increases. This indicates synergy or the coordination between velocity magnitude and temperature field gets decreased and leads to the growth of heat transfer rate. The field synergy principle implies by enhancing the synergy between the velocity vector and temperature gradient.
A theoretical model describing a breakdown of a neutral gas and a consequent accumulation of a seed plasma during the electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) heating in a large scale magnetic mirror trap is developed on the basis of recent experiments at the Gas Dynamic Trap (GDT) device.
The effect of thermal strain on the rate of photoisomerization is qualitatively different from the effect of strain generated by elastic loading.
Acousto-optic (AO) interaction in the terahertz range was investigated with the use of monolithic ultrasound transducers of various widths. Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) liquefied at a temperature of about 23 °C and a pressure of 25 bar was used as a medium for AO interaction. The angular and frequency bandwidths of effective AO interaction, as well as the diffraction efficiency per 1 W of the driving electric power, were determined. For the first time, a correct comparison of the AO diffraction efficiency in SF6 with the use of ultrasound transducers with different widths was carried out. In the experiments performed, the highest energy efficiency of the AO modulator was achieved with a transducer with a width of 12 mm.