Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Accurate prediction of tsunami wave parameters at certain coast locations is still among unsolved problems of tsunami hazard mitigation: for example, a country-wide tsunami alert in Japan after Chilean event of February 27, 2010.The expected wave height was largely overestimated: more than 3 meters expected versus 1,2 meters in reality.Thus, hundreds of thousands people were suggested to move out of coast line, hundreds of trains were delayed of canceled, which led to significant unjustified costs.One of the reasons of inaccurate predictions of tsunami parameters is that very little information about initial disturbance of the sea bed at tsunami source is available.

In this paper, we suggest a way to improve the quality of tsunami source parameters prediction.To have more stable results, we suggest a direct solution of inverse problem of source parameters identification in 1D (in space) hyperbolic equation (shallow water approximation) along the wave ray from source to DART buoy.As was recently discovered, uniqueness theorems are available to such inverse problems.So-called preliminary calculation approach is one of the most popular ways to determine tsunami parameters at source.This technique consists of several steps.First, the subduction zone is covered by the set of "unit sources".Then, this zone typical shape of initial disturbance of unit amplitude is suggested at each unit source.Wave propagation from all these sources is calculated over the entire bathymetry, including the tsunameters locations (DART buoys).After real event time series obtained at DART are approximated as linear combinations of preliminary calculated time series from unit sources.V. Titov (University of Washington, Seattle) proposed and implemented this technique.This works rather well provided that a few unit sources cover the entire source area.However, there are a few constraints.Firstly, in case of an extended source area, too many CPU resources are needed.Secondly, real disturbance at source is approximated as a linear combination of only one selected shape, located at several unit sources.We suggest the following improvements to the methodology by V. Titov.Smaller system of unit sources should be considered to approximate all typical shapes of initial disturbance by several suitable basis functions.To support this, performance of data analysis should be dramatically improved.This could be done by using signal orthogonalization procedure and calculation of Fourier coefficients of the measured time series with respect to orthogonal basis.

We will show preliminary numerical tests.
We calculate the rational equivariant cohomology of the spaces of non-contractible loops in compact space forms and show how to apply these calculations for proving the existence of closed geodesics.
Implementing high-performance n- and p-type thin-film transistors (TFTs) for monolithic three-dimensional (3D) integrated circuit (IC) and low-DC-power display is crucial. To achieve these goals, a top-gate transistor is preferred to a conventional bottom-gate structure. However, achieving high-performance top-gate p-TFT with good hole field-effect mobility (μFE) and large on-current/off-current (ION/IOFF) is challenging.

In this report, coplanar top-gate nanosheet SnO p-TFT with high μFE of 4.4 cm2/Vs, large ION/IOFF of 1.2 × 105, and sharp transistor’s turn-on subthreshold slopes (SS) of 526 mV/decade were achieved simultaneously. Secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the excellent device integrity was strongly related to process temperature, because the HfO2/SnO interface and related μFE were degraded by Sn and Hf inter-diffusion at an elevated temperature due to weak Sn–O bond enthalpy. Oxygen content during process is also crucial because the hole-conductive p-type SnO channel is oxidized into oxygen-rich n-type SnO2 to demote the device performance.

The hole μFE, ION/IOFF, and SS values obtained in this study are the best-reported data to date for top-gate p-TFT device, thus facilitating the development of monolithic 3D ICs on the backend dielectric of IC chips.
Carbon erosion of bulk metals and alloys in a carbon-containing atmosphere can be used as an effective tool for the targeted synthesis of carbon nanomaterials.

In this study, a set of bulk Ni 0.89 Cu 0.11 (11 at % Cu) alloys has been synthesized by the mechanochemical alloying of metal powders in an Activator 2S planetary mill. The synthesized samples have been studied as precursors of catalyst for the synthesis of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) from ethylene at 550°C. The effect of the activation time on the particle morphology and phase composition of the alloys, the kinetics of growth, and the carbon product yield in C 2 H 4 decomposition has been studied. The early stage of carbon erosion of a bulk Ni 0.89 Cu 0.11 alloy has been studied by electron microscopy methods.

For the most active samples, the CNF yield has exceeded 100 g/g cat within 30 min of reaction. It has been found that the nucleation of carbon fiber growth active sites occurs during a short-term contact of the sample with the reaction mixture (less than 1 min); the complete disintegration of the alloy is observed in a few minutes. The carbon product is represented by nanofibers having a submicrometer diameter and characterized by a dense 'stacked' and coaxial-conical packing of graphene layers. The material has a developed specific surface area (140–170 m 2 /g) and a low bulk density (less than 30 g/L).
An electric field that builds in the direction against current, known as negative nonlocal resistance, arises naturally in viscous flows and is thus often taken as a telltale of this regime.

Here we predict negative resistance for the ballistic regime, wherein the ee collision mean free path is greater than the length scale at which the system is being probed.

Therefore, negative resistance alone does not provide strong evidence for the occurrence of the hydrodynamic regime; it must thus be demoted from the rank of a smoking gun to that of a mere forerunner. Furthermore, we find that negative response is log-enhanced in the ballistic regime by the physics related to the seminal Dorfman-Cohen log divergence due to memory effects in the kinetics of dilute gases. The ballistic regime therefore offers a unique setting for exploring these interesting effects due to electron interactions.
Background . Today excess body weight and obesity are considered an epidemic affecting millions of people around the world. Excess body weight in children increases the risk of development of obesity in adult age. Food preferences are formed in childhood and influenced by environmental, cultural, and genetic factors; the latter remaining unclear.

Objective . The study aimed at investigating the association of the rs5400 polymorphic locus of the SLC2A2 (GLUT2) gene and the rs4684677 polymorphic locus of the GHRL gene with excess body weight and preference for carbohydrates in preschool and primary school-aged children. Methods . The study enrolled 92 patients aged between 3 and 11 years; 56 patients gave consent for the assessment of their food preferences. Genotyping of polymorphic loci in the SLC2A2 and GHRL genes was carried out for all patients.

Results. All patients were divided into groups depending on their eating habits (the ratio of dietary carbohydrates), as well as the presence of excess body weight. The probability of consumption of excessive amounts of carbohydrates appeared to be higher for carriers of the G/A genotype in the SLC2A2 gene as compared to the G/G carriers (odds ratio: 9.3; 95 % confidence interval [1.8–47.3]; p = 0.004). No statistically significant differences in the distribution of genotypes of the GHRL gene have been found between the group with carbohydrate overconsumption and the control group (p > 0.05). Likewise, no statistically significant differences were found in the evaluation of association of the rs5400 polymorphism in the SLC2A2 gene and the rs4684677 polymorphism in the GHRL gene with excess body weight in children (p > 0.05). Conclusion . There are genetic predictors of obesity in adult population. Thus, for example, the rs5400 polymorphism in the SLC2A2 gene and rs4684677 in the GHRL gene are the risk factors for excess body weight. Our study in a pediatric population did not reveal any association of the presence of polymorphic loci in the above-mentioned genes with obesity in children. The association of the G/A genotype of the SLC2A2 gene with excess carbohydrate consumption was revealed: the odds ratio for excess carbohydrate consumption was higher in the G/A carriers as compared to the G/G carriers: OR = 9.3; CI = [1.8–47.3]; p = 0.004. This finding is probably related to the fact that these genetic variants are not risk factors for obesity in childhood. These issues require further investigation within the framework of personalized medicine.
Fluid inclusions in diamond provide otherwise inaccessible information on the origin and nature of carbonaceous fluid(s) in the mantle.Here we evaluate the role of subducted volatiles in diamond formation within the Siberian cratonic lithosphere.Specifically, we focus on the halogen (Cl, Br and I) and noble gas (He, Ne and Ar) geochemistry of fluids trapped within cubic, coated and cloudy fibrous diamonds from the Nyurbinskaya kimberlite, Siberia.Our data show Br/ Cl and I/Cl ratios consistent with involvement of altered oceanic crust, suggesting subduction-derived fluids have infiltrated the Siberian lithosphere. 3He/ 4 He ranging from 2 to 11 R A , indicates the addition of a primordial mantle component to the SCLM.Mantle plumes may therefore act as a trigger to re-mobilise subducted carbon-rich fluids from the sub-continental lithospheric mantle, and we argue this may be an essential process in the formation of fluid-rich diamonds, and kimberlitic magmatism.
ObjectiveTo validate a novel artificial-intelligence electrocardiogram algorithm (AI-ECG) to detect left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) in an external population.BackgroundLVSD, even when asymptomatic, confers increased morbidity and mortality. We recently derived AI-ECG to detect LVSD using ECGs based on a large sample of patients treated at the Mayo Clinic.MethodsWe performed an external validation study with subjects from the Know Your Heart Study, a cross-sectional study of adults aged 35–69 years residing in two cities in Russia, who had undergone both ECG and transthoracic echocardiography. LVSD was defined as left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 35%. We assessed the performance of the AI-ECG to identify LVSD in this distinct patient population.ResultsAmong 4277 subjects in this external population-based validation study, 0.6% had LVSD (compared to 7.8% of the original clinical derivation study). The overall performance of the AI-ECG to detect LVSD was robust with an area under the receiver operating curve of 0.82. When using the LVSD probability cut-off of 0.256 from the original derivation study, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy in this population were 26.9%, 97.4%, 97.0%, respectively. Other probability cut-offs were analysed for different sensitivity values.ConclusionsThe AI-ECG detected LVSD with robust test performance in a population that was very different from that used to develop the algorithm. Population-specific cut-offs may be necessary for clinical implementation. Differences in population characteristics, ECG and echocardiographic data quality may affect test performance.
Minimal residual disease remaining after resection of primary tumors can lead to tumor recurrence and metastasis, increasing mortality and morbidity rates among cancer patients. Thus, there is a need for new technologies for recognition and elimination of single cancer cells remaining in a patient's body after radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or surgical resection. Effector CD8+ T cells, also commonly known as cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), play a key role in antitumor cellular immunity and, when properly activated, are able to effectively destroy tumor cells.

The aims of this study were to obtain CD8+ CTLs specific for the HER2/neu epitopes E75 and E88, and to assess the cytotoxic activity and composition of these cells in terms of the distribution of memory T-cell subsets. We obtained HER2-specific CD8+ T cells and assessed T cell subset distribution among them including naive T cells (TN), central memory T cells (TCM), effector memory T cells (TEM), stem cell-like memory T cells (TSCM) and terminally-differentiated T cells (TEMRA) via eight-color flow cytometry.

HER2-specific CTLs were largely (~40–50%) represented by TSCM cells, a population capable of mounting pronounced antitumor immune responses due to a combination of effector function and self-maintenance. In comparison with activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and bulk CD8+ T cells, HER2-specific CTLs exhibited greater cytotoxicity against the HER2-expressing human breast adenocarcinoma cell line MCF-7 and produced higher levels of IFN-γ in response to tumor cells. We also showed the presence of HER2-specific CTLs in healthy individuals and increase in them in HER2-positive breast cancer patients. Collectively, our results suggest that HER2-specific CD8+ T cells isolated using this approach could be used for adoptive T-cell transfer to eliminate tumor cells and prevent metastasis and relapse in patients with HER2-overexpressing cancers.
We revise observational constraints on the class of models of modified gravity which at low redshifts lead to a power-law cosmology. To this end we use available public data on Supernova Ia and on baryon acoustic oscillations. We show that the expansion regime a(t) ∼ tβ with β close to 3/2 in a spatially flat universe is a good fit to these data.
Botanical, mycological, zoological, and prokaryotic species names follow the Linnaean format, consisting of an italicized Latinized binomen with a capitalized genus name and a lower case species epithet (e.g., Homo sapiens). Virus species names, however, do not follow a uniform format, and, even when binomial, are not Linnaean in style. In this thought exercise, we attempted to convert all currently official names of species included in the virus family Arenaviridae and the virus order Mononegavirales to Linnaean binomials, and to identify and address associated challenges and concerns. Surprisingly, this endeavor was not as complicated or time-consuming as even the authors of this article expected when conceiving the experiment.
We extend Takuro Onishi’s result on displaying substructural negations by formulating display calculi for non-normal versions of impossibility and unnecessity operators, called regular and co-regular negations, respectively, by Dimiter Vakarelov. We make a number of connections between Onishi’s work and Vakarelov’s study of negation. We also prove a decidability result for our display calculus, which can be naturally extended to obtain decidability results for a large number of display calculi for logics with negative modal operators.
Although much is known about interactions between bacterial endosymbionts and their hosts, little is known concerning the host factors that influence endosymbiont titer. Wolbachia endosymbionts are globally dispersed throughout most insect species and are the causative agent in filarial nematode-mediated disease.

Our investigation indicates that gurken (grk), a host gene encoding a crucial axis determinant, has a cumulative, dosage-sensitive impact on Wolbachia growth and proliferation during Drosophila oogenesis. This effect appears to be mediated by grk mRNA and its protein-binding partners Squid and Hrp48/Hrb27C, implicating the grk mRNA–protein (mRNP) complex as a rate-limiting host factor controlling Wolbachia titer.

Furthermore, highly infected flies exhibit defects that match those occurring with disruption of grk mRNPs, such as nurse cell chromatin disruptions and malformation of chorionic appendages. These findings suggest a feedback loop in which Wolbachia interaction with the grk mRNP affects both Wolbachia titer and grk mRNP function.
The article reflects the author’s methodological position that the phenomena of uncertainty and risk are considered within the context of decision-making problems. It is shown that the ability to quantify the probability of the occurrence of possible events makes it possible to fundamentally distinguish between risk situations and situations of uncertainty. Risk is the result of a decision and is always associated with a person who not only makes a choice, but also estimates the probabilities of possible outcomes and related losses. Risk is an integral indicator that combines estimates of both the probability of a decision and of the quantitative characteristics of its consequences. Every person has her own system of preferences, therefore there is no universal functional integrating estimates of probabilities and consequences. As a result, a person chooses the alternative that most closely matches her goals, assessments and value system. The typology of uncertainties in decision-making tasks, previously developed by the author, is supplemented.
Proper control of DNA replication is essential to ensure faithful transmission of genetic material and prevent chromosomal aberrations that can drive cancer progression and developmental disorders. DNA replication is regulated primarily at the level of initiation and is under strict cell-cycle regulation. Importantly, DNA replication is highly influenced by developmental cues. In Drosophila, specific regions of the genome are repressed for DNA replication during differentiation by the SNF2 domain-containing protein SUUR through an unknown mechanism.

We demonstrate that SUUR is recruited to active replication forks and mediates the repression of DNA replication by directly inhibiting replication fork progression instead of functioning as a replication fork barrier. Mass spectrometry identification of SUUR-associated proteins identified the replicative helicase member CDC45 as a SUUR-associated protein, supporting a role for SUUR directly at replication forks.

Our results reveal that control of eukaryotic DNA copy number can occur through the inhibition of replication fork progression.
We prove that some integrals of Bessel functions are transcendence over ring of Bessel functions with coefficients from the field of rational fractions of one variable.
A simplified numerical approach to modeling of dissipative dispersion-managed fiber lasers is examined. We present a new numerical iteration algorithm for finding the periodic solutions of the system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations describing the intra-cavity dynamics of the dissipative soliton characteristics in dispersion-managed fiber lasers. We demonstrate that results obtained using simplified model are in good agreement with full numerical modeling based on the corresponding partial differential equations.
Three databases that provide data on transcriptional regulation are described. TRANSFAC is a database on transcription factors and their DNA binding sites. TRRD (Transcription Regulatory Region Database) collects information about complete regulatory regions, their regulation properties and architecture. COMPEL comprises specific information on composite regulatory elements. Here, we describe the present status of these databases and the first steps towards their federation.
Activation-induced deaminase (AID) is the master regulator of class switch recombination (CSR) and somatic hypermutation (SHM), but the mechanisms regulating AID function are obscure. The differential pattern of switch plasmid activity in three IgM(+)/AID(+) and two IgG(+)/AID(+) B cell lines prompted an analysis of global gene expression to discover the origin of these cells. Gene profiling suggested that the IgG(+)/AID(+) B cell lines derived from germinal center B cells. Analysis of SHM potential demonstrates that the IgVkappa domains are inducibly diversified at high rate during in vitro culture. The mutation spectra focused to A:T base pairs, revealing a component of the hypermutation program that occurs preferentially during phase 2 of SHM. The A:T error spectra were analyzed and were not characteristic of polymerase eta activity. A differential pattern of three consensus motifs used for A:T base substitutions was observed in WT and Poleta-, Msh2- and Msh6-deficient B cells. Strikingly, mutations in our B cell lines recapitulated the mutable motif profile for Poleta and Msh2 deficiency, respectively, and suggest that an additional pathway for the generation of A:T mutations in SHM is conserved in mouse and human.
The mechanism of the four-quark production of the light scalar isovector four-quark state ${a}_{0}(980)$ in the $D\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\eta}\ensuremath{\pi}{e}^{+}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{e}$ decays is discussed. It is shown that the characteristic features of the shape of the $\ensuremath{\eta}\ensuremath{\pi}$ mass spectra expected in our scheme can serve as the indicator of the production mechanism and internal structure of the ${a}_{0}(980)$ resonance.
We report a measurement of time-dependent $CP$ violation parameters in ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}_{S}^{0}\ensuremath{\eta}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ decays.

The study is based on a data sample, containing $772\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}B\overline{B}$ pairs, that was collected at the $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}(4S)$ resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collider.

We obtain the $CP$ violation parameters of $\mathcal{S}=\ensuremath{-}1.32\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.77(\mathrm{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.36(\mathrm{syst})$ and $\mathcal{A}=\ensuremath{-}0.48\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.41(\mathrm{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.07(\mathrm{syst})$ for the invariant mass of the ${K}_{S}^{0}\ensuremath{\eta}$ system up to $2.1\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}/{c}^{2}$.
In order to study quantum turbulence it is necessary to calculate the various characteristics of the vortex tangle (VT). Some of the "crude" quantities can be expressed directly via the total length of vortex lines (per unit of volume) or the vortex line density L (t) and the structure parameters of the VT. Other more “subtle” quantities require knowledge of the vortex line configurations {s(ξ, t)}. Usually, the corresponding calculations are carried out with the use of more or less truthful speculations concerning arrangement of the VT. In this paper we review other ways of solving this problem. It is based on the trial distribution functional (TDF) in the space of vortex loop configurations. The TDF is constructed on the basis of well established properties of the vortex tangle. It is designed to calculate various averages taken over stochastic vortex loop configurations. In this paper we also review several applications of the use of this model to calculate some important characteristics of the vortex tangle. In particular, we discussed the average superfluid mass current J induced by vortices, and its dynamics. We also describe the diffusion-like processes in the nonuniform vortex tangle and the propagation of turbulent fronts.
Resonant structures in B^{0}→ψ^{'}π^{-}K^{+} decays are analyzed by performing a four-dimensional fit of the decay amplitude, using pp collision data corresponding to 3 fb^{-1} collected with the LHCb detector. The data cannot be described with K^{+}π^{-} resonances alone, which is confirmed with a model-independent approach.

A highly significant Z(4430)^{-}→ψ^{'}π^{-} component is required, thus confirming the existence of this state. The observed evolution of the Z(4430)^{-} amplitude with the ψ^{'}π^{-} mass establishes the resonant nature of this particle.

The mass and width measurements are substantially improved. The spin parity is determined unambiguously to be 1^{+}.