Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Using the density matrix formalism, we prove the existence of the periodic steady state for an arbitrary periodically driven system described by linear dynamic equations. This state has the same period as the modulated external influence, and it is realized as an asymptotic solution $(t\ensuremath{\rightarrow}+\ensuremath{\infty})$ due to relaxation processes. The presented derivation simultaneously contains a simple and effective computational algorithm (without using either the Floquet or Fourier formalisms), which automatically guarantees a full account of all frequency components. As a particular example, for three-level $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$ system we calculate the line shape and field-induced shift of the dark resonance formed by the field with a periodically modulated phase. Also we have analytically solved a basic theoretical problem of the direct frequency comb spectroscopy, when the two-level system is driven by the periodic sequence of rectangular pulses. In this case, the radical dependence of the spectroscopy line shape on pulse area is found. Moreover, the existence of quasiforbidden spectroscopic zones, in which the Ramsey fringes are significantly reduced, is predicted. Our results have a wide area of applications in laser physics, spectroscopy, atomic clocks, and magnetometry. Also they can be useful for any area of quantum physics where periodically driven systems are considered.
This paper attempts to analyze the existing environmental issues in the Russian Federation with the help of macroeconomic indicators, with special emphases being placed on the Human Development Index (HDI). The work presents the algorithm of HDI calculation, examines its advantages and disadvantages and describes the possibility to reflect the environmental situation with the help of HDI. Scientific novelty of the study is the proposed method of computing HDI taking into account the situation in the field of waste management (earlier, macro indicators with environmental adjustment took into account only water and air pollution). Inclusion of waste accumulation parameter tends to decrease most regional HDIs in comparison with their traditional values, which underlines the gravity and relevance of waste challenges in the Russian Federation. The article highlights the shortcomings of the Russian environmental waste policy, and proposes the ways to stimulate the reduction of waste generation and accumulation.
Pulse generation often requires a stabilized cavity and its corresponding mode structure for initial phase-locking. Contrastingly, modeless cavity-free random lasers provide new possibilities for high quantum efficiency lasing that could potentially be widely tunable spectrally and temporally. Pulse generation in random lasers, however, has remained elusive since the discovery of modeless gain lasing. Here we report coherent pulse generation with modeless random lasers based on the unique polarization selectivity and broadband saturable absorption of monolayer graphene. Simultaneous temporal compression of cavity-free pulses are observed with such a polarization modulation, along with a broadly-tunable pulsewidth across two orders of magnitude down to 900 ps, a broadly-tunable repetition rate across three orders of magnitude up to 3 MHz, and a singly-polarized pulse train at 41 dB extinction ratio, about an order of magnitude larger than conventional pulsed fiber lasers. Moreover, our graphene-based pulse formation also demonstrates robust pulse-to-pulse stability and wide-wavelength operation due to the cavity-less feature. Such a graphene-based architecture not only provides a tunable pulsed random laser for fiber-optic sensing, speckle-free imaging, and laser-material processing, but also a new way for the non-random CW fiber lasers to generate widely tunable and singly-polarized pulses.
the basic rheological Pokrovski-Vinogradov model for flows of solutions and melts of an incompressible viscoelastic polymeric medium

study the linear stability of a resting state for a generalization to the nonisothermal case under the influence of magnetic field

the corresponding linearized problem describing magnetohydrodynamic flows of polymers in an infinite plane channel has the following property: for certain values of the conduction current which is given on the electrodes, i.e. on the channel boundaries, the problem has solutions whose amplitude grows exponentially
The development of efficient combinatorial treatments is one of the key tasks in modern anti-cancer therapies. An apoptotic signal can either be induced by activation of death receptors (DR) (extrinsic pathway) or via the mitochondria (intrinsic pathway). Cancer cells are characterized by deregulation of both pathways. Procaspase-8 activation in extrinsic apoptosis is controlled by c-FLIP proteins.

We have recently reported the small molecules FLIPinB/FLIPinBγ targeting c-FLIP L in the caspase-8/c-FLIP L heterodimer. These small molecules enhanced caspase-8 activity in the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC), CD95L/TRAIL-induced caspase-3/7 activation and subsequent apoptosis. In this study to increase the pro-apoptotic effects of FLIPinB/FLIPinBγ and enhance its therapeutic potential we investigated costimulatory effects of FLIPinB/FLIPinBγ in combination with the pharmacological inhibitors of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members such as ABT-263 and S63845.

The combination of these inhibitors together with FLIPinB/FLIPinBγ increased CD95L-induced cell viability loss, caspase activation and apoptosis. Taken together, our study suggests new approaches for the development of combinatorial anti-cancer therapies specifically targeting both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways.
The linear stability of the boundary layer at high supersonic Mach numbers on a flat plate with a cooled porous surface is studied. As is well known, at high supersonic speeds, both vortex disturbances of the first mode and acoustic disturbances of the second mode are unstable. The more unstable disturbances of the second mode can be stabilized using sound-absorbing porous coatings. At the same time, such coatings have a destabilizing effect on the disturbances of the first mode. Surface cooling is one of the factors potentially capable of preventing such a destabilization. Based on this assumption, in the present work, the linear theory of stability is used to consider the combined effect of a sound-absorbing coating and surface cooling.
The extremely low flux of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECR) makes their direct observation by orbital experiments practically impossible. For this reason all current and planned UHECR experiments detect cosmic rays indirectly by observing the extensive air showers (EAS) initiated by cosmic ray particles in the atmosphere. The world largest statistics of the ultra-high energy EAS events is recorded by the networks of surface stations. In this paper we consider a novel approach for reconstruction of the arrival direction of the primary particle based on the deep convolutional neural network. The latter is using raw time-resolved signals of the set of the adjacent trigger stations as an input. The Telescope Array (TA) Surface Detector (SD) is an array of 507 stations, each containing two layers plastic scintillator with an area of $3$ m$^2$. The training of the model is performed with the Monte-Carlo dataset. It is shown that within the Monte-Carlo simulations, the new approach yields better resolution than the traditional reconstruction method based on the fitting of the EAS front. The details of the network architecture and its optimization for this particular task are discussed.
Transcription Regulatory Regions Database (TRRD) has been developed for accumulation of experimental information on the structure-function features of regulatory regions of eukaryotic genes.

Each entry in TRRD corresponds to a particular gene and contains a description of structure-function features of its regulatory regions (transcription factor binding sites, promoters, enhancers, silencers, etc.) and gene expression regulation patterns. This information was obtained through annotation of 2537 scientific publications.

The current release, TRRD 4.2.5, comprises the description of 760 genes, 3403 expression patterns, and >4600 regulatory elements including 3604 transcription factor binding sites, 600 promoters and 152 enhancers. TRRD 4.2.5 is available through the WWW at http://wwwmgs.bionet.nsc.ru/mgs/dbases/trrd4/
The influence of technological process parameters (aiming angle and implantation energy) on the distributions of dopant concentrations in a silicon substrate is investigated by computer modeling.
Summary Background: Efficient treatment of inherited hyperphenyl-alaninemia requires exact identification of mutations defining the trait. Such knowledge is important both for effective individual therapy and understanding of the genetic history and evolution of regional populations. Methods: DNA sequencing of amplified genome regions was used to identify mutations. Results: Hyperphenylalaninemia-associated mutations in the phenylalanine hydroxylase locus were identified for 76 unrelated patients from the Novosibirsk region, Russia and for their family members. Twenty-one mutation types were identified, most of them rare and one (IVS2+1delG) not previously described. Common for European populations, the mutation p.R408W appeared to be the most frequent, with allele frequency 63.33%. We also looked for mutations in the quinoid dihydropteridine reductase locus in some patients. For 36 unrelated children PKU patients with known blood phenylalanine levels, we tried to find correlations between this level and the genotype. Conclusions: Comparative analysis revealed correlations between blood phenylalanine levels and genotypes. The spectrum of phenylalanine hydroxylase mutations in the Novosibirsk region population appeared to be rather complex, probably as a result of mixed ethnic composition, formed by several multidirectional migration flows.
We report on the observation of magneto-oscillations of terahertz radiation induced photocurrent in HgTe/HgCdTe quantum wells of different widths, which are characterized by a Dirac-like, inverted, and normal parabolic band structure. The photocurrent data are accompanied by measurements of photoresistance (photoconductivity), radiation transmission, as well as magnetotransport. We develop a microscopic model of a cyclotron-resonance assisted photogalvanic effect, which describes main experimental findings. We demonstrate that the quantum oscillations of the photocurrent are caused by the crossing of Fermi level by Landau levels resulting in the oscillations of spin polarization and electron mobilities in spin subbands. Theory explains a photocurrent direction reversal with the variation of magnetic field observed in experiment. We describe the photoconductivity oscillations related with the thermal suppression of the Shubnikov--de Haas effect.
We measure the production cross sections for e+e- -> Upsilon(1S)pi+pi-, Upsilon(2S)pi+pi-, and Upsilon(3S)pi+pi- as a function of sqrt{s} between 10.83 GeV and 11.02 GeV.

The data consists of 8.1 fb^-1 collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB e+e- collider.

We observe enhanced production in all three final states that does not agree well with the conventional Upsilon(10860) lineshape. A fit using a Breit-Wigner resonance shape yields a peak mass of [10888.4 +2.7/-2.6 (stat) +- 1.2 (syst)] MeV/c^2 and a width of [30.7 +8.3/-7.0 (stat) +- 3.1 (syst)] MeV/c^2.
Platelet activation is considered to be a cornerstone in pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. The assessment of platelet activation at the single-cell level is a promising approach for the research of platelet function in physiological and pathological conditions. Previous studies used the immobilization of platelets on the surface, which significantly alters the activation signaling.

Here we show that the use of photolabile 'caged' analog of ADP allows one to track the very early stage of platelet activation in single, freely moving cells. In this approach, the diffusion step and ADP receptor ligation are separated in time, and a millisecond-timescale optical pulse may trigger the activation. The technique allows us to measure the delay (lag time) between the stimulus and calcium response in platelets. We also propose a simple model function for calcium peaks, which is in good agreement with the measured data.

The proposed technique and model function can be used for in-depth studies of platelet physiology.
Background . The annual reporting forms for malignant neoplasms do not provide for the division of lymphomas into variants. In international publications and statistical reference books of the Russian Federation, variants of non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (NHL) are also not separated. For these reasons, a detailed assessment of the epidemiology of NHL in Russia is difficult, and data for individual variants of the disease are not provided.

Purpose: to present the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DL BCL ) in Novosibirsk according to the data of the City Hematology Center (CHC). Material and Methods . A retrospective analysis of primary medical documentation (case histories, outpatient charts, and immunohistochemical study reports) of 271 patients with DL BCL was performed in the period from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2018.

Results . The calculated registered primary morbidity and mortality from DL BCL in Novosibirsk for the analyzed years fluctuated slightly. The average incidence and mortality rates were 2.85 and 1.98 per 100,000 population, respectively. When analyzing the dynamics of the prevalence of DL BCL in Novosibirsk, a positive trend of annual increase in the indicator was revealed: 1.87 times over the past 6 years. In men, the tumor developed 2.6 years earlier than in women. In General, the risk of getting DL BCL after 50 years was 3 times higher than at the age of 30 years. Among patients diagnosed with primary lymphoma who underwent treatment at the Hematology department of CHC, half of the patients had DL BCL .Evaluation of the clinical characteristics showed a pronounced severity of the analyzed cohort. Conclusion. The updated quantitative and qualitative indicators of clinical and epidemiological characteristics of DL BCL in Novosibirsk for 2013–18 were obtained. These indicators can be used for further monitoring, development and implementation of measures for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of this form of hemoblastosis.
Purpose. The article explores and analyzes several defining design characteristics of horn plates of compound bows, detected in the course of archaeological excavations of several male burial places at the Ulug-Choltukh burial ground. Located in the valley of the Edigan River in the middle course of the Katun River in the Altai Mountains; these were explored for several field seasons in the 2000s. Results. This article outlines the primary events related to the history of archaeological studies of findings of the compound bows of ancient peoples (Xiongnu-Xianbei time) in the Altai Mountains. The findings of the horn plates of compound bows detected in previous years in the course of excavations of Aidyraş type archaeological objects explored on the territory of the middle course of the Katun River are researched and analyzed. As a result of typological analysis, several types of compound bows are singled out among studied findings of horn plates, detected in the course of excavations of male interments at the archaeological funerary burial grounds Aidyraş I and Ulug-Choltukh. The conclusion sums up the several results of carried out explorations. Identification of horn plate findings of compound bows found during excavations of the Aidyraş burial ground, and studied in the Chemalsky District in the Altai Republic, has made it possible to relate them to long-range combat armament objects that were available to the natives who inhabited the valleys of the Katun and Edigan Rivers during the historical period of the 2nd quarter of the 1st millennium AD. The carried out typological research significantly supplements the previously known history of development of long-range combat weapons of the Altai Mountains in the course of the studied Xiongnu-Xianbei chronological period, right before the Early Middle Ages. Conclusion. The resulting typological classification of compound bows as part of a collection of horn plates findings detected in the course of excavations of the Ulug-Choltukh burial ground, clarifies the specificities and quantity of types of this long-range combat weapon kind among the Aidyraş weapons complex.
We consider the orthopositronium and parapositronium production in the process $A\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{A}AA+$positronium where A is a nucleus with the charge number Z. The inclusive cross section and the energy distribution of the relativistic positronium are calculated which are of primary interest from the experimental point of view. The accuracy of the corresponding cross sections is given by omitting terms $\ensuremath{\sim}(Z\ensuremath{\alpha}{)}^{2}{/L}^{2}$ for the parapositronium and $\ensuremath{\sim}(Z\ensuremath{\alpha}{)}^{2}/L$ for the orthopositronium production where $L=\mathrm{ln}{\ensuremath{\gamma}}^{2}\ensuremath{\approx}9$ and 16 for the RHIC and the LHC. Within this accuracy the multiphoton (Coulomb) corrections are taken into account. We show that the RHIC and the LHC will be positronium factories with a production rate of about ${10}^{5}--{10}^{8}$ relativistic positronium per day. The fraction of the orthopositronium is expected to be of the same order as that of the parapositronium for Au-Au and Pb-Pb collisions.
The process of combustion of liquid hydrocarbons with spraying by a jet of superheated steam in a direct-flow burner is studied experimentally in this work at the example of diesel fuel. The aim of research is to study the effect of regime parameters (steam and fuel flow rate) on the main characteristics of the process. Specific amount of heat and useful thermal power were determined from the measurements on a flow calorimeter, a gas analyzer Testo 350 was used to perform the gas analysis of combustion products. A regime map was plotted and results of characteristic combustion conditions were presented. The regimes of high completeness of fuel combustion with low production of toxic combustion products were determined.
Drop impact on a heated substrate is one of the most important objects occurring in the main two types of cooling applications such as quenching of metals and the cooling of lasers and electronic devices. The paper reports a study of the interaction of the water drop of 10 µl impacting on a heated sapphire plate with a temperature varied within a range of 23-80°C. Dynamic viscosity at this temperature range is decreased from 1004 to 355.1×10−6 Pa·s. The influence of the temperature on liquid viscosity may lead to a substantial difference in drop dynamics. The main changing parameters are the liquid column at splashing and secondary droplets atomization. A considerable decrease of the liquid column contact diameter and an increase of the liquid column height at the splashing stage are shown with the decreasing viscosity. Secondary droplets atomization from the liquid column with increasing temperature is revealed.
EIN3/EIL1 transcription factors are the key regulators of ethylene signaling that sustain a variety of plant responses to ethylene. Since ethylene regulates multiple aspects of plant development and stress responses, its signaling outcome needs proper modulation depending on the spatiotemporal and environmental conditions. In this review, we summarize recent advances on the molecular mechanisms that underlie EIN3/EIL1-directed ethylene signaling in Arabidopsis. We focus on the role of EIN3/EIL1 in tuning transcriptional regulation of ethylene response in time and space. Besides, we consider the role of EIN3/EIL1-independent regulation of ethylene signaling.
We consider a family of I-graphs I(n, k, l), which is a generalization of the class of generalized Petersen graphs. In the present paper, we provide a new method for counting Jacobian group of the I-graph I(n, k, l). We show that the minimum number of generators of Jac(I(n, k, l)) is at least two and at most 2k + 2l − 1. Also, we obtain a closed formula for the number of spanning trees of I(n, k, l) in terms of Chebyshev polynomials. We investigate some arithmetical properties of this number and its asymptotic behaviour.
Ellipsometry is often used to determine the characteristics of films. Ellipsometric studies may turn out to be ineffective because several solutions correspond to the same polarization angles.

It is demonstrated that the ambiguity is not due to the physical limitations of the method but it has a purely mathematical character.

So, additional information about the film is necessary to determine the absolute values of refractive index, attenuation, and thickness.
The COVID-19 pandemic, which began at the end of 2019 in Wuhan, has affected 220 countries and territories to date. In the present study, we studied humoral immunity in samples of the blood sera of COVID-19 convalescents of varying severity and patients who died due to this infection, using native SARS-CoV-2 and its individual recombinant proteins. The cross-reactivity with SARS-CoV (2002) was also assessed. We used infectious and inactivated SARS-CoV-2/human/RUS/Nsk-FRCFTM-1/2020 strain, inactivated SARS-CoV strain (strain Frankfurt 1, 2002), recombinant proteins, and blood sera of patients diagnosed with COVID-19. The blood sera from patients were analyzed by the Virus Neutralization test, Immunoblotting, and ELISA. The median values and mean ± SD of titers of specific and cross-reactive antibodies in blood sera tested in ELISA were mainly distributed in the following descending order: N > trimer S > RBD. ELISA and immunoblotting revealed a high cross-activity of antibodies specific to SARS-CoV-2 with the SARS-CoV antigen (2002), mainly with the N protein. The presence of antibodies specific to RBD corresponds with the data on the neutralizing activity of blood sera. According to the neutralization test in a number of cases, higher levels of antibodies that neutralize SARS-CoV-2 were detected in blood serum taken from patients several days before their death than in convalescents with a ranging disease severity. This high level of neutralizing antibodies specific to SARS-CoV-2 in the blood sera of patients who subsequently died in hospital from COVID-19 requires a thorough study of the role of humoral immunity as well as comorbidity and other factors affecting the humoral response in this disease.