Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
based on two well-known widely used tomographic algorithms (LOTOS and ATOM-3D)

joint inversion of active and passive seismic sources called PARTOS (Passive Active Ray TOmography Software), developed on the base of two well-known widely used tomographic algorithms, providing a robust set of algorithms. The dataset used to set and test the program has been provided by TOMO-ETNA experiment. TOMO-ETNA database is a large, high-quality dataset that includes active and passive seismic sources. We performed a series of synthetic tests in order to estimate the resolution and robustness of the solutions. Real data inversion has been carried out using 3 different subsets: i) active data; ii) passive data; and iii) joint dataset.

The combination of active and passive seismic data, together with the high quality of the database, permits to obtain a new tomographic approach of the region under study never done before.
Asymmetric cell division (ACD) is one of the processes creating the overall diversity of cell types in multicellular organisms. The essence of this process is that the daughter cells exit from it being different from both the parental cell and one another in their ability to further differentiation and specialization. The large bristles (macrochaetae) that are regularly arranged on the surface of the Drosophila adult function as mechanoreceptors, and since their development requires ACD, they have been extensively used as a model system for studying the genetic control of this process. Each macrochaete is composed of four specialized cells, the progeny resulting from several ACDs from a single sensory organ precursor (SOP) cell, which differentiates from the ectodermal cells of the wing imaginal disc in the third-instar larva and pupa. In this paper we review the experimental data on the genes and their products controlling the ACDs of the SOP cell and its daughter cells, and their further specialization. We discuss the main mechanisms determining the time when the cell enters ACD, as well as the mechanisms providing for the structural characteristics of asymmetric division, namely, polar distribution of protein determinants (Numb and Neuralized), orientation of the division spindle relative to these determinants, and unequal segregation of the determinants specifying the direction of daughter cell development.
This paper studies cobordism and concordance for virtual knots. We define the affine index polynomial, prove that it is a concordance invariant for knots and links (explaining when it is defined for links), show that it is also invariant under certain forms of labeled cobordism and study a number of examples in relation to these phenomena. Information on determinations of the four-ball genus of some virtual knots is obtained by via the affine index polynomial in conjunction with results on the genus of positive virtual knots using joint work with Dye and Kaestner.
A search for the electroweak production of charginos, neutralinos and sleptons decaying into final states involving two or three electrons or muons is presented. The analysis is based on 36.1 fb -1 of s=13 TeV proton-proton collisions recorded by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Several scenarios based on simplified models are considered. These include the associated production of the next-to-lightest neutralino and the lightest chargino, followed by their decays into final states with leptons and the lightest neutralino via either sleptons or Standard Model gauge bosons; direct production of chargino pairs, which in turn decay into leptons and the lightest neutralino via intermediate sleptons; and slepton pair production, where each slepton decays directly into the lightest neutralino and a lepton. No significant deviations from the Standard Model expectation are observed and stringent limits at 95% confidence level are placed on the masses of relevant supersymmetric particles in each of these scenarios. For a massless lightest neutralino, masses up to 580 GeV are excluded for the associated production of the next-to-lightest neutralino and the lightest chargino, assuming gauge-boson mediated decays, whereas for slepton-pair production masses up to 500 GeV are excluded assuming three generations of mass-degenerate sleptons.
The novel giant Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteriophage PaBG was isolated from a water sample of the ultrafreshwater Lake Baikal.

We report the complete genome sequence of this Myoviridae bacteriophage, comprising 258,139 bp of double-stranded DNA containing 308 predicted open reading frames.
Eurasia Cattle breeders placed one or two parts or livestock carcasses in ordinary burials. In contrast to them, in the Yanglang Culture in one person ordinary burial up to 30, 50 or more skulls of all major livestock species (horses, cattle, sheep and goats) could be placed.

In the analysis of sacrificial animals from the Yanglang Culture burial grounds detailed description, the authors came to the conclusion that in a number of burials the composition of animal species and their ratio fully correspond to the Central Asia nomads’ herd averaged data.

The proportion of horses is much higher in the chariot warriors` burials which is associated with the deceased special status. The maintenance and training of chariot horses large number, the horses and chariot warriors equipment manufacturing required the state structures participation. It is no coincidence that the number of chariots served as a state power yardstick in ancient China. All these preliminary observations and conclusions are consistent with indirect information from Chinese historical sources about the developed horse breeding among the Western Rongs, their special relationship with the Qin kingdom and possibly the early state formation existence among them.
The retention of supernumerary chromosomes in the germ-line of Sciara coprophila is part of a highly-intricate pattern of chromosome behaviours that have fascinated cytogeneticists for over 80 years. Germ-line limited (termed L or 'limited') chromosomes are cytologically heterochromatic and late-replicating, with more recent studies confirming they possess epigenetic hallmarks characteristic of constitutive heterochromatin. Little is known about their genetic constitution although they have been found to undergo cycles of condensation and de-condensation at different stages of development. Unlike most supernumeraries, the L chromosomes in S. coprophila are thought to be indispensable, although in two closely related species Sciara ocellaris and Sciara reynoldsi the L chromosomes, have been lost during evolution.

Here, we review what we know about L chromosomes in Sciara coprophila.

We end by discussing how study of the L chromosome condensation cycle has provided insight into the site and timing of both the erasure of parental 'imprints' and also the placement of a putative 'imprint' that might be carried by the sperm into the egg.
Significance Hydrolytic deamination of cytosine to uracil generates a highly mutagenic DNA base lesion and is considered one of the major sources of spontaneous mutation in living organisms. We report that the major human apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease, APE1, is a deoxyuridine endonuclease and can remove uracil residues in the DNA glycosylase-independent nucleotide incision repair pathway. This new repair function of AP endonucleases is evolutionarily conserved in Archaea and humans, pointing to a possible evolutionary origin of the DNA repair mechanisms for spontaneous damage to DNA in a common ancestor to all living forms.
We report the measurement of K− absorption processes in the Σ0p final state and the first exclusive measurement of the two nucleon absorption (2NA) with the KLOE detector.

The 2NA process without further interactions is found to be 9% of the sum of all other contributing processes, including absorption on three and more nucleons or 2NA followed by final state interactions with the residual nucleons. We also determine the possible contribution of the ppK− bound state to the Σ0p final state.

The yield of ppK−/Kstop− is found to be (0.044±0.009stat−0.005+0.004syst)⋅10−2 but its statistical significance based on an F-test is only 1σ.
Mass media is one of the most important elements influencing the information environment of society. The mass media is not only a source of information about what is happening but is often the authority that shapes the information agenda, the boundaries, and forms of discussion on socially relevant topics. A multifaceted and, where possible, quantitative assessment of mass media performance is crucial for understanding their objectivity, tone, thematic focus and, quality. The paper presents a corpus of Kazakhstan media, which contains over 4 million publications from 36 primary sources (which has at least 500 publications). The corpus also includes more than 2 million texts of Russian media for comparative analysis of publication activity of the countries, also about 4000 sections of state policy documents. The paper briefly describes the natural language processing and multiple-criteria decision-making methods, which are the algorithmic basis of the text and mass media evaluation method, and describes the results of several research cases, such as identification of propaganda, assessment of the tone of publications, calculation of the level of socially relevant negativity, comparative analysis of publication activity in the field of renewable energy. Experiments confirm the general possibility of evaluating the socially significant news, identifying texts with propagandistic content, evaluating the sentiment of publications using the topic model of the text corpus since the area under receiver operating characteristics curve (ROC AUC) values of 0.81, 0.73 and 0.93 were achieved on abovementioned tasks. The described cases do not exhaust the possibilities of thematic, tonal, dynamic, etc., analysis of the considered corpus of texts. The corpus will be interesting to researchers considering both multiple publications and mass media analysis, including comparative analysis and identification of common patterns inherent in the media of different countries.
Using a data sample of $921.9\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ collected with the Belle detector, we study the process of ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}_{s}^{+}{D}_{s1}(2536{)}^{\ensuremath{-}}+\mathrm{c}.\mathrm{c}.$ via initial-state radiation.

We report the first observation of a vector charmoniumlike state decaying to ${D}_{s}^{+}{D}_{s1}(2536{)}^{\ensuremath{-}}+\mathrm{c}.\mathrm{c}.$ with a significance of $5.9\ensuremath{\sigma}$, including systematic uncertainties. The measured mass and width are $({4625.9}_{\ensuremath{-}6.0}^{+6.2}(\text{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.4(\text{syst}))\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}/{c}^{2}$ and $({49.8}_{\ensuremath{-}11.5}^{+13.9}(\text{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}4.0(\text{syst}))\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}$, respectively.

The product of the ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}_{s}^{+}{D}_{s1}(2536{)}^{\ensuremath{-}}+\mathrm{c}.\mathrm{c}.$ cross section and the branching fraction of ${D}_{s1}(2536{)}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\overline{D}}^{*0}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ is measured from the ${D}_{s}{\overline{D}}_{s1}(2536)$ threshold to 5.59 GeV.
The paper reviews techniques for measuring inflation expectations in Russia in the period from 2015 to 2020. In the tree methods under review, which comprise adaptive expectations, stock exchange indicators, and sociological surveys of the Bank of Russia, the authors found both common and distinguishing features.

When estimated by the adaptive method in 2015–2020, the inflation expectations stayed between 0.5 and 6.2 %. The adaptive expectations allow a simplified approach to estimation as they depend on the level of the previous period’s inflation and do not react to economic shocks in the short term. The method of stock exchange indicators estimated the inflation expectations dynamics from 2.5 up to 8.6 %. Thanks to the opportunity of daily monitoring inflation expectations, this method is better at analyzing factors that impact the sentiments of market agents.

All the reviewed methods demonstrated that inflation expectations remain high in Russia despite the relatively stable rates of the last few years on the level of 4–5 %. A comparative analysis of approaches to estimating inflation expectations revealed that expectations according to sociological surveys of the Bank of Russia happened to surpass the actual inflation. In the period 2015–2020 the level of inflation expectations varied between 8 and 17 %, which is much higher than Russia’s inflation level.
It is shown that the vacuum-like energy of the Higgs potential at non-zero temperatures leads, in the course of the cosmological expansion, to a small but non-negligible rise of the entropy density in the comoving volume.

This increase is calculated in the frameworks of the minimal standard model.

The result can have a noticeable effect on the outcome of baryo-through-leptogenesis.
Inelastic collapse of stochastic trajectories of a randomly accelerated particle moving in half-space z>0 has been discovered by McKean [J. Math. Kyoto Univ. 2, 227 (1963)] and then independently rediscovered by Cornell et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 1142 (1998)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.81.1142]. The essence of this phenomenon is that the particle arrives at the wall at z=0 with zero velocity after an infinite number of inelastic collisions if the restitution coefficient β of particle velocity is smaller than the critical value β_{c}=exp(-π/sqrt[3]).

We demonstrate that inelastic collapse takes place also in a wide class of models with spatially inhomogeneous random forcing and, what is more, that the critical value β_{c} is universal. That class includes an important case of inertial particles in wall-bounded random flows. To establish how inelastic collapse influences the particle distribution, we derive the exact equilibrium probability density function ρ(z,v) for the particle position and velocity.

The equilibrium distribution exists only at β<β_{c} and indicates that inelastic collapse does not necessarily imply near-wall localization.
Actin is related to main structural proteins in eukaryotes. In opposite to muscle alpha-actin, beta-actin is expressing in all types of cells. The constant reorganization of actin cytoskeleton takes place in non-muscle cells. Fibrillar actin, organized by globular monomers, interacts with the actin-binding proteins. Alpha-actinin forms a transverse links in actin fibrillar network, as well as concentrates in the fields of focal contacts. Tropomyosin is related to regulatory components of beta-actin, and due to the expense of longitudinal localization of the molecule in the groove of actin microfilament, stereochemically shields the sites of other actin-binding proteins. The most important function of actin cytoskeleton is the participation in the transportation of vesicles with aquaporins of second type in principal cells of an epithelium of collecting ducts in renal medulla. Vasopressin is stimulating the release of aquaporin tetramers from cytoplasmic store to apical plasmatic membrane. The participation and role of separate cytoskeleton proteins in the process of aquaporin trafficking and forming additional pores for water stays a poorly studied place in the molecular physiology of kidney.

We explored the osmoregulatory action of prolonged hydration and dehydration on the protein composition of actin cytoskeleton in rats depending on the presence or absence of the actively expressing vasopressin gene in the genome.

We found that the efficiency of the renal concentrating system, controlled by vasopressin, depends on expression of actin-binding proteins in the renal medulla. On the background of a stable level of inner cellular beta-actin, a change of expression an alpha-actinin and tropomyosin is observed. Dehydration of the organism is accompanied by essential reducing of alpha-actinin. In the absence of vasopressin, reduction of alpha-actinin has a smaller amplitude. The presence of the normal vasopressin gene in the genome, regardless of transitory expression level and secretion of hormone, is a factor of lower tropomyosin in the kidney. The most probable molecular mechanism of changing the expression of the genes for alpha-actinin and tropomyosin is transduction of the V2-mediated vasopressin hormonal signal to protein kinase A, phosphorylation of the cAMPresponsible transcriptional factor CREB, and nuclear CREB interaction with gene CRE sites sensitive to it.
The article deals with the contradictions of two forms of dealing with the past – history and memory. Based on the analysis of the concept of the 20th century classic Paul Ricoeur, it is shown how memory can turn from a testimonial of experience into a substitution of the past in the form of a “obligated memory”. The idea of "obligated memory" is considered on the example of the ideologeme of victory in the Russian politics of memory, which obscures the experience of grief and destruction suffered by the victorious people. It is shown that " obligated memory" only seems to be memory, thereby forcing one to take its images seriously, but it does not rely on real experience, which is necessary for the survival as of individuals so of societies as a whole.
The article discusses the ways of developing skills and abilities to effectively solve problems when describing methods for solving equations and inequalities, clarifying theoretical knowledge, the basics of forming skills for practical application.

The formation of mathematical concepts through solving problems in teaching mathematics opens the way to the development of mathematical thinking, the application of knowledge in practice, and the development of search skills. To master a mathematical concept, along with its definition, it is necessary to know its features and properties. This can be achieved primarily through problem solving and exercise. Problem solving is based on the development of new methods, the creation of algorithms, ways of developing practical skills in the methods and techniques mastered with the help of tasks.

In addition, transforming equations and inequalities through the development of thinking skills helps to identify common or special properties in order to draw correct conclusions. Solving various problems, it shows what operations should be used to determine the situation in which a solution was found, and what features of the solution allow choosing the most effective methods. Thanks to the theoretical substantiation of the general article, it is possible to master convenient methods for solving equations and inequalities of various structures.
A new highly proton-conductive anionic porphyrinylphosphonate-based MOF is reported. The artwork presents the view through the channel coated with dimethylammonium (DMA) counterions and uncoordinated oxygen atoms of phosphonate groups, responsible for high proton conductivity of the new material. This property is depicted by the airplane which takes off from the “runway” formed by DMA cations. More information can be found in the Communication by Y. Y. Enakieva et al. on page 10552.
ПРИМЕР ПАРАБОЛИЧЕСКОЙ СПЛАЙН ИНТЕРПОЛЯЦИИС ОГРАНИЧЕННОЙ КОНСТАНТОЙ ЛЕБЕГА 1 Ю. С. ВолковРассматривается пример последовательности геометрических сеток данных, для которых константа Лебега интерполяции классическими параболическими сплайнами (схема Субботина) с периодическими краевыми условиями не является ограниченной, т. е. интерполяционный процесс может расходиться
Determining the quantitative content of chlorophylls in plant leaves by their reflection spectra is an important task both in monitoring the state of natural and industrial phytocenoses, and in laboratory studies of normal and pathological processes during plant growth. The use of machine learning methods for these purposes is promising, since these methods allow inferring the relationships between input and output variables (prediction model), and in order to improve the quality of the prediction, a researcher may modify predictors and selects a set of method parameters.

Here, we present the results of the implementation and evaluation of the random forest algorithm for predicting the total concentration of chlorophylls a and b from the reflection spectra of plant leaves in the visible and infrared wavelengths. We used the reflection spectra for 276 leaf samples from 39 plant species obtained from open sources. 181 samples were from the sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.). The reflection spectrum represented wavelengths from 400 to 2500 nm with a step of 1 nm. The training set consisted of the 85 % of A. pseudoplatanus L. samples, and the performance was evaluated on the remaining 15 % samples of this species (validation sample). Six models based on the random forest algorithm with different predictors were evaluated. The selection of control parameters was performed by cross-checking on five partitions. For the first model, the intensity of the reflection spectra without any transformation was used. Based on the analysis of this model, the optimal ranges of wavelengths for the remaining five models were selected. The best results were obtained by models that used a two-point estimation of the derivative of the reflection spectrum in the visible wavelength range as input data.

We compared one of these models (the two-point estimation of the derivative of the reflection spectrum in the range of 400-800 nm with a step of 1 nm) with the model by other authors (which is based on the functional dependence between two unknown parameters selected by the least squares method and two reflection coefficients, the choice of which is described in the article). The comparison of the results of predictions of the model based on the random forest algorithm with the model of other authors was carried out both on the validation sample of maple and on the sample from other plant species. In the first case, the predictions of the method based on a random forest had a lower estimate of the standard deviation. In the second case, the predictions of this method had a large error for small values of chlorophyll, while the third-party method had acceptable predictions. The article provides the analysis of the results, as well as recommendations for using this machine learning method to assess the quantitative content of chlorophylls in leaves.
The abundance of mammalian long intergenic non-coding RNA (lincRNA) genes is high, yet their functions remain largely unknown. One possible way to study this important question is to use large-scale comparisons of various characteristics of lincRNA with those of protein-coding genes for which a large body of functional information is available. A prominent feature of mammalian protein-coding genes is the high evolutionary conservation of the exon-intron structure. Comparative analysis of putative intron positions in lincRNA genes from various mammalian genomes suggests that some lincRNA introns have been conserved for over 100 million years, thus the primary and/or secondary structure of these molecules is likely to be functionally important.
VEPP-2000 is electron-positron collider exploiting the novel concept of round colliding beams.

After three seasons of data taking in the whole energy range of 160-1000 MeV per beam it was stopped in 2013 for injection chain upgrade.

The linking to the new BINP source of intensive beams together with booster synchrotron modernization provides the drastic luminosity gain at top energy of VEPP-2000.
A GTG-banding was used for a detailed comparative analysis of two 40-chromosome Crocidura species, Crocidura gueldenstaedtii and Crocidura dsinezumi.

A complex 520-bp EcoRI tandem repeat was isolated from C. dsinezumi. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), this repeat was localized to centromeric regions of chromosomes in both Crocidura species.

A high level of chromosomal homology was detected.