Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
We analyzed the synapsis and recombination between Z and W chromosomes in the oocytes of nine neognath species: domestic chicken Gallus gallus domesticus, grey goose Anser anser, black tern Chlidonias niger, common tern Sterna hirundo, pale martin Riparia diluta, barn swallow Hirundo rustica, European pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca, great tit Parus major and white wagtail Motacilla alba using immunolocalization of SYCP3, the main protein of the lateral elements of the synaptonemal complex, and MLH1, the mismatch repair protein marking mature recombination nodules. In all species examined, homologous synapsis occurs in a short region of variable size at the ends of Z and W chromosomes, where a single recombination nodule is located. The remaining parts of the sex chromosomes undergo synaptic adjustment and synapse non-homologously. In 25% of ZW bivalents of white wagtail, synapsis and recombination also occur at the secondary pairing region, which probably resulted from autosome−sex chromosome translocation. Using FISH with a paint probe specific to the germline-restricted chromosome (GRC) of the pale martin on the oocytes of the pale martin, barn swallow and great tit, we showed that both maternally inherited songbird chromosomes (GRC and W) share common sequences.
In the classic paradigm, Igs represent products of clonal B-cell populations, each producing antibodies recognizing a single antigen. There is a common belief that IgGs in mammalian biological fluids are monovalent molecules having stable structures and two identical antigen-binding sites.

Affinity chromatography, ELISA, SDS–PAGE and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry were used. Using 10 intact human placentas deprived of blood, a quantitative analysis of average relative content [% of total immunoglobulins (Igs)] was carried out for the first time: (92.7), IgA (2.4), IgM (2.5), kappa-antibodies (51.4), lambda-antibodies (48.6), IgG1 (47.0), IgG2 (39.5), IgG3 (8.8) and IgG4 (4.3).

It was shown for the first time that placenta contains sIgA (2.5%). However, similarly to human milk Igs, placenta antibodies undergo extensive half-molecule exchange and the IgG pool consists of 43.5±15.0% kappa-kappa-IgGs and 41.6±17.0% lambda-lambda-IgGs, while 15.0±4.0% of the IgGs contained both kappa- and lambda-light chains. Kappa-kappa-IgGs and lambda-lambda-IgGs contained, respectively (%): IgG1 (47.7 and 34.4), IgG2 (36.3 and 44.5), IgG3 (7.4 and 11.8) and IgG4 (7.5 and 9.1), while chimeric kappa-lambda-IgGs consisted of (%): 43.5 IgG1, 41.0 IgG2, 5.6 IgG3 and 7.9 IgG4. Our data are indicative of the possibility of half-molecule exchange between placenta IgGs of various subclasses, raised against different antigens, which explains a very well-known polyspecificity and cross-reactivity of different human IgGs.
Wild potato germplasm serves as a natural pool of agronomically valuable traits for potato breeding, such as resistance to pathogens and abiotic stresses, quality, and consumer-oriented traits. The introgression of these traits into cultivated potato is hampered by the different kinds of incompatibility and linkages between desirable and undesirable features in hybrid progeny. The trait donor improvement via correction of negative characteristics prior to hybridization to domestic potato can be a solution to the linkage drag problem. The de novo domestication concept for developing new crops using gene editing technologies was previously proposed and performed for tomato and physalis. In this review, we collected information about donor properties of different wild potato species and developed a strategy for potato germplasm enhancement using the de novo domestication approach. The possible modifications of several candidate genes responsible for undesirable traits in wild potato, including high steroidal glycoalkaloid content, self-incompatibility, tuberization under short day conditions, and long stolons are proposed. The current challenges and future prospects of implementing the de novo domestication strategy for potato are discussed.
conventional single-site catalysts

catalytic applications of mesoporous metal–organic frameworks of the MIL-101 family (Fe- and Cr-MIL-101) in two types of liquid-phase processes: (i) selective oxidation of hydrocarbons with green oxidants—O2 and tert-butyl hydroperoxide—and (ii) coupling reaction of organic oxides with CO2

demonstrate their potential in these processes with special attention to issues of the catalyst's resistance to metal leaching and the nature of catalysis
The criteria of the European society of cardiology (2015, 2017) were used for the diagnosis of ACS.

The study included 280 patients with ACS hospitalized in the 1st cardiology Department. The study cohort included 145 patients with ACS (107 men and 38 women), 135 patients with ACS (93 men and 43 women). The examinations included clinical examination, electrocardiography, Holter monitoring of electrocardiogram, echocardiography, lipid profile, inflammatory cytokines and molecular genetic parameters. In the study, a mathematical model for predicting five-year outcomes Oxpt and Oxbt.

The use of a mathematical model for predicting long-term adverse outcomes of ACS allows to assess the value of specific risk factors and predictors, respectively, makes a significant contribution to the optimization of secondary prevention and personalized approach to treatment. The influence of the identified predictors weakens in proportion to the increase in the number of years from a vascular accident. The identified risk factors have the maximum impact in the first year after ACS.
Currently, microwave is one of the most interesting ways to conduct drying of dielectric materials, in particular coal. In this paper, two processes were considered - heating and drying. The temperature field of the coal semi-mass in the heating mode is found analytically strictly with the use of integral transformations. The drying process is formulated as a nonlinear Stephen problem with a moving boundary of the liquid-vapor phase transformation. The temperature distribution, speed and drying time in this mode are determined approximately analytically. Parametric analysis of the influence of the material and boundary conditions on the dynamics of warming up and drying is revealed.
This article is an overview of literature data on the structure, properties, functions and genetic control of the enzyme malate dehydrogenase (MDH) in plants. In most of the plant entities studied, this enzyme is highly polymorphic, which means that malate dehydrogenase has multiple molecular forms. It has been found that MDH polymorphism in each species is genetically determined by several loci with multiple alleles. A readily identifiable phenotypic manifestation and a high activity of malate dehydrogenase in diverse organs and tissues make this enzyme a reliable and convenient genetic marker, which can effectively be used in special, ecological and population genetics.
The de novo assembly of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) genome has facilitated the development of genomic tools for the species. Efforts to identify the population history of red foxes in North America have previously been limited by a lack of information about the red fox Y-chromosome sequence. However, a megabase of red fox Y-chromosome sequence was recently identified over 2 scaffolds in the reference genome.

Here, these scaffolds were scanned for repeated motifs, revealing 194 likely microsatellites. Twenty-three of these loci were selected for primer development and, after testing, produced a panel of 11 novel markers that were analyzed alongside 2 markers previously developed for the red fox from dog Y-chromosome sequence. The markers were genotyped in 76 male red foxes from 4 populations: 7 foxes from Newfoundland (eastern Canada), 12 from Maryland (eastern United States), and 9 from the island of Great Britain, as well as 48 foxes of known North American origin maintained on an experimental farm in Novosibirsk, Russia.

The full marker panel revealed 22 haplotypes among these red foxes, whereas the 2 previously known markers alone would have identified only 10 haplotypes. The haplotypes from the 4 populations clustered primarily by continent, but unidirectional gene flow from Great Britain and farm populations may influence haplotype diversity in the Maryland population. The development of new markers has increased the resolution at which red fox Y-chromosome diversity can be analyzed and provides insight into the contribution of males to red fox population diversity and patterns of phylogeography.
Klyuchevskoy and surrounding volcanoes in central Kamchatka form the Northern Group of Volcanoes (NGV), which is an area of particularly diverse and intensive Pleistocene‐Holocene volcanism.

In this study, we present a new seismic tomographic model of the crust and uppermost mantle beneath NGV based on local earthquake data recorded by several permanent and temporary seismic networks including a large‐scale experiment that was conducted in 2015–2016 by an international scientific consortium.

Having an unprecedented resolution for this part of Kamchatka, the new model reveals many features associated with the present and past volcanic activity within the NGV. In the upper crust, we found several prominent high‐velocity anomalies interpreted as traces of large basaltic shield volcanoes, which were hidden by more recent volcanic structures and sediments. We interpret the mantle structure to reflect asthenospheric flow up through a slab window below the Kamchatka‐Aleutian junction that feeds the entire NGV. The interaction of the hot asthenospheric material with fluids released from the slab determines the particular volcanic activity within the NGV. We argue that the eastern branch of the Central Kamchatka Depression, which is associated with a prominent low‐velocity anomaly in the uppermost mantle, was formed as a recent rift zone separating the NGV from the Kamchatka Eastern Ranges.
Nanostructured materials are specific objects of the structural analysis. Peculiarities of their X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns arise from the presence of planar defects and/or coherently connected domains, which are elements of nanostructure. Such disordering of 3D periodic crystal structure gives rise to the diffuse scattering both in the vicinity of Bragg maxima (broadening of peaks, their shift and splitting) and/or in background region (appearance of diffuse peaks or halo). This complicates or even makes impossible the application of the traditional techniques of structural and microstructural analysis.

Simulation of the XRD patterns on the base of the models of partially disordered crystals allows us to analyse all diffraction effects.

It will be shown what peculiarities arise on the XRD patterns due to twinning as well due to formation of coherently connected domains having 1) the same structure, 2) the same composition but different structure, 3) different structure. Various structural types will be considered.
Oxidatively damaged DNA bases are substrates for two overlapping repair pathways: DNA glycosylase-initiated base excision repair (BER) and apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease-initiated nucleotide incision repair (NIR). In the BER pathway, an AP endonuclease cleaves DNA at AP sites and 3'-blocking moieties generated by DNA glycosylases, whereas in the NIR pathway, the same AP endonuclease incises DNA 5' to an oxidized base. The majority of characterized AP endonucleases possess classic BER activities, and approximately a half of them can also have a NIR activity. At present, the molecular mechanism underlying DNA substrate specificity of AP endonucleases remains unclear mainly due to the absence of a published structure of the enzyme in complex with a damaged base. To identify critical residues involved in the NIR function, we performed biochemical and structural characterization of Bacillus subtilis AP endonuclease ExoA and compared its crystal structure with the structures of other AP endonucleases: Escherichia coli exonuclease III (Xth), human APE1, and archaeal Mth212. We found conserved amino acid residues in the NIR-specific enzymes APE1, Mth212, and ExoA. Four of these positions were studied by means of point mutations in APE1: we applied substitution with the corresponding residue found in NIR-deficient E. coli Xth (Y128H, N174Q, G231S, and T268D). The APE1-T268D mutant showed a drastically decreased NIR activity and an inverted Mg(2+) dependence of the AP site cleavage activity, which is in line with the presence of an aspartic residue at the equivalent position among other known NIR-deficient AP endonucleases. Taken together, these data show that NIR is an evolutionarily conserved function in the Xth family of AP endonucleases.
In this short review paper, we survey our recent findings in the catalytic applications of mesoporous metal–organic frameworks of the MIL-101 family (Fe- and Cr-MIL-101) and demonstrate their potential in two types of liquid-phase processes: (i) selective oxidation of hydrocarbons with green oxidants—O 2 and tert -butyl hydroperoxide—and (ii) coupling reaction of organic oxides with CO 2 . A comparison with conventional single-site catalysts is made with special attention to issues of the catalyst's resistance to metal leaching and the nature of catalysis.
Stability of inviscid shear shallow water flows with free surface is studied in the framework of the Benney equations.

This is done by investigating the generalized hyperbolicity of the integrodifferential Benney system of equations. The hydrodynamic approximations of the model corresponding to the classes of flows with piecewise linear continuous and discontinuous velocity profiles are derived and studied.

It is shown that all shear flows having monotonic convex velocity profiles are stable. It is shown that these approximations possess Hamiltonian structure and a complete system of Riemann invariants, which are found in an explicit form. Sufficient conditions for hyperbolicity of the governing equations for such multilayer flows are formulated. The generalization of the above results to the case of stratified fluid is less obvious, however, it is established that vorticity has a stabilizing effect.
Currently, 260 viruses are associated with bats belonging to 19 orders, 28 families (9 DNA‐containing and 19 RNA‐containing) and 61 genera (18 DNA‐containing and 43 RNA‐containing). This number includes viruses annotated by the International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses (excluding synonymous species) for which the taxonomic status has been verified by sequencing subgenomic or full‐genomic nucleotide sequences.

Aim of this the research presented in this article is to analyze the representation of bat (Chiroptera) viruses in various taxa of the Virae kingdom.

The data presented in this article will undoubtedly be expanded in the nearest future. This is due to the need to improve the system for prevention of dangerous epidemic and pandemic situations primarily by increasing priority attention on bat viruses. Therefore, the catalogue of bat viruses, known as of mid‐2020, presented in this paper could be considered as a kind of 'starting point' for future research in this area.
Leaves of Poaceae have a unique morphological feature: they consist of a proximal sheath and a distal blade separated by a ligular region. The sheath provides structural support and protects young developing leaves, whereas the main function of the blade is photosynthesis. The auricles allow the blade to tilt back for optimal photosynthesis and determine the angle of a leaf, whereas the ligule protects the stem from the entry of water, microorganisms, and pests. Liguleless variants have an upright leaf blade that wraps around the culm. Research on liguleless mutants of maize and other cereals has led to identification of genes that are involved in leaf patterning and differentiation.We characterized an induced liguleless mutant (LM) of Aegilops tauschii Coss., a donor of genome D of bread wheat Triticum aestivum L.. The liguleless phenotype of LM is under dominant monogenic control (Lgt). To determine precise position of Lgt on the Ae. tauschii genetic map, highly saturated genetic maps were constructed containing 887 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers derived via diversity arrays technology (DArT)seq. The Lgt gene was mapped to chromosome 5DS. Taking into account coordinates of the SNP markers, flanking Lgt, on the pseudomolecule 5D, a chromosomal region that contains this gene was determined, and a list of candidate genes was identified. Morphological features of the LM phenotype suggest that Lgt participates in the control of leaf development, mainly, in leaf proximal-distal patterning, and its dominant mutation causes abnormal ligular region but does not affect reproductive development.Here we report characterization of a liguleless Ae. tauschii mutant, whose phenotype is under control of a dominant mutation of Lgt. The dominant mode of inheritance of the liguleless trait in a Triticeae species is reported for the first time. The position of the Lgt locus on chromosome 5DS allowed us to identify a list of candidate genes. This list does not contain Ae. tauschii orthologs of any well-characterized cereal genes whose mutations cause liguleless phenotypes. Thus, the characterized Lgt mutant represents a new model for further investigation of plant leaf patterning and differentiation.
// Ekaterina A. Potter 1, * , Evgenia V. Dolgova 1, * , Anastasia S. Proskurina 1, * , Yaroslav R. Efremov 1, 2 , Alexandra M. Minkevich 1 , Aleksey S. Rozanov 1 , Sergey E. Peltek 1 , Valeriy P. Nikolin 1 , Nelly A. Popova 1, 2 , Igor A. Seledtsov 3 , Vladimir V. Molodtsov 2, 3 , Evgeniy L Zavyalov 1 , Oleg S. Taranov 4 , Sergey I. Baiborodin 1 , Alexander A. Ostanin 5 , Elena R. Chernykh 5 , Nikolay A. Kolchanov 1 , Sergey S. Bogachev 1 1 Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia 2 Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia 3 Softberry Inc., New York 10549, USA 4 The State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk 630559, Russia 5 Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk 630099, Russia * These authors contributed equally to this work Correspondence to: Sergey S. Bogachev, email: labmolbiol@mail.ru Keywords: tumor-initiating stem cells, DNA internalization, RNAseq, Real Time PCR, TAMRA Received: August 29, 2016 Accepted: December 15, 2016 Published: December 23, 2016 ABSTRACT Using the ability of poorly differentiated cells to natively internalize fragments of extracellular double-stranded DNA as a marker, we isolated a tumorigenic subpopulation present in Krebs-2 ascites that demonstrated the features of tumor-inducing cancer stem cells. Having combined TAMRA-labeled DNA probe and the power of RNA-seq technology, we identified a set of 168 genes specifically expressed in TAMRA-positive cells (tumor-initiating stem cells), these genes remaining silent in TAMRA-negative cancer cells. TAMRA+ cells displayed gene expression signatures characteristic of both stem cells and cancer cells. The observed expression differences between TAMRA+ and TAMRA− cells were validated by Real Time PCR. The results obtained corroborated the biological data that TAMRA+ murine Krebs-2 tumor cells are tumor-initiating stem cells. The approach developed can be applied to profile any poorly differentiated cell types that are capable of immanent internalization of double-stranded DNA.
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) is established as a key regulator of the cellular DNA damage response and apoptosis. In addition, PARP1 participates in the global regulation of DNA repair, transcription, telomere maintenance, and inflammation response by modulating various DNA-protein and protein-protein interactions. Recently, it was reported that PARP1 also influences splicing and ribosomal RNA biogenesis. The H/ACA ribonucleoprotein complex is involved in a variety of cellular processes such as RNA maturation. It contains non-coding RNAs with specific H/ACA domains and four proteins: dyskerin (DKC1), GAR1, NHP2, and NOP10. Two of these proteins, DKC1 and GAR1, are targets of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation catalyzed by PARP1. The H/ACA RNA-binding proteins are involved in the regulation of maturation and activity of the telomerase complex, which maintains telomere length.

In this study, we demonstrated that poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation influences on RNA-binding properties of DKC1 and GAR1 and telomerase assembly and activity.

Our data provide the evidence that poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation regulates telomerase complex assembly and activity, in turn regulating telomere length that may be useful for design and development of anticancer therapeutic approaches that are based on the inhibition of PARP1 and telomerase activities.
The progress of medicine, science, technology, education, and culture improves, year by year, quality of life and life expectancy of the populace. The modern human has a chance to further improve the quality and duration of his/her life and the lives of his/her loved ones by bringing their lifestyle in line with their sequenced individual genomes. With this in mind, one of genome-based developments at the junction of personalized medicine and bioinformatics will be considered in this work, where we used two Web services: (i) SNP_TATA_Comparator to search for alleles with a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) that alters the affinity of TATA-binding protein (TBP) for the TATA boxes of human gene promoters and (ii) PubMed to look for retrospective clinical reviews on changes in physiological indicators of reproductive potential in carriers of these alleles.
1 Институт автоматики и электрометрии Сибирского отделения РАН, Новосибирск, Россия 2 Новосибирский государственный университет, Новосибирск, Россия ПОТОЧЕЧНАЯ ЗАПИСЬ ВБР ПЕРВОГО И ВТОРОГО ПОРЯДКА ЧЕРЕЗ ПОЛИИМИДНОЕ ПОКРЫТИЕ ФЕМТОСЕКУНДНЫМ ИЗЛУЧЕНИЕМ С ДЛИНОЙ ВОЛНЫ 1026 НМПредставлены результаты фемтосекундной записи волоконных брэгговских решеток (ВБР) первого и второго порядков через защитное пластиковое покрытие световода.В частности, записаны однородные решетки в нефоточувствительных световодах с полиимидной оболочкой SMP1500 (9/125) P и SMP1500SC (9/125) P (с чисто кварцевой сердцевиной), спектр отражения которых хорошо согласуется с расчетом.Показано, что данный метод позволяет также записывать суперструктурированные ВБР.
The intrinsic orbital magnetization of a TMD monolayer is usually calculated for a plane unbounded system without mentioning the geometrical shape of samples and boundary conditions (BCs) for electron wave functions.The method of calculation used by many authors (see references below) needs to account for the contribution of the Berry curvature also in the case when the system is described by the two-band minimal model 9 .

In the present paper, we show that the geometrical and topological properties of the specimen, as well as the BCs, play an important role in the problem of magnetization even for a macroscopic specimen.