Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
The results of the study of promising potato varieties in Novosibirsk region (2016-2018) are presented. The objects of the study were 14 samples of potatoes, 10 of them were modern domestic varieties not zoned in the West Siberian region. An assessment of the quality indicators of potato varieties was carried out in comparison with the following zoned varieties: Red Scarlett, Nevsky and Tuleevsky. To obtain an early harvest (75 days after planting), the varieties Lomonosovsky (36 t/ha) and Reggi (39 t/ha) were recommended for the early ripening group. In the group of mid-early varieties, the variety Samba (35 t/ha) was noted; in the mid-season group, the varieties Fritella and Vympel were distinguished (early yield 32 t/ha). High productivity during harvesting in the early ripening group was noted in the varieties Lomonosovsky (42 t/ha) and Reggi (44 t/ha). The Samba variety (44 t/ha) stood out in the mid-early ripeness group. In the mid-season ripening group, the recommended variety is Gusar (46 t/ha), which exceeded the Tuleevsky standard by 4 t/ ha. Among the varieties of the early group of ripeness, high starch content was noted in the varieties Lomonosovsky (16.3%) and Reggae (17.4%). In the mid-early and mid-season groups, one variety was distinguished in each, Samba (14.4%) and Fritella (17.0%). In the early ripening group, the dry matter content of all varieties was higher than that of the Red Scarlett standard, in the mid-early group the highest indicator was observed in the Samba variety (22.9%). In the group of mid-season varieties, the samples Vympel (25.4%) and Fritella (25.8%) exceeded the standard. High field resistance to late blight (9 points) in the epiphytotic year (2017) was revealed in the varieties Gala, Nevsky, Gusar and Fritella.
Among of modern papers devoted to numerical modeling of rotated waves the greater part of papers are based on assumption that such wave propagates with velocity equals to the Chapman-Jouguet velocity of ideal detonation model with plane front. But the experimental velocities of rotated detonation waves, as a rule, are less (and even much less) the velocity of ideal Chapman-Jouguet detonation. Such regimes are named as low-velocity detonation or quasi-detonation and its characteristics are practically not investigated carefully. Moreover, similar to the spinning detonation, the strong connection of velocity of rotated transverse waves with the acoustic waves of reaction products was observed. So the new model with an allowance for the losses of impulse and energy must be used at numerical modeling of RDE and new experimental investigations of regimes with understated velocity must be carried out. In given paper some important aspects of rotated detonation waves and new experimental results are analyzed: the multifront system of rotated waves; correlation of rotation velocity of waves with acoustic characteristics of reaction products; streak-records trajectory of rotated waves on moving film; pressure and temperature profiles of rotating waves; velocity deficit and energy-release.
Bluff bodies in a gas or liquid flow are a fairly common phenomenon, which is often found in both natural and technogenic processes. Various structural elements of aerospace transport systems, pipelines, gas turbines, heat exchangers, etc. in many cases can be considered, at least qualitatively, as a two-dimensional cylinder in a flow at some angle of attack. Depending on the specific situation, it may be necessary to suppress or intensify the process of vortex generation, increase or decrease the drag coefficient of the body, decrease or increase the level of noise produced by the body in a flow. The fulfillment of these tasks is impossible without knowledge of the mechanisms of formation of the flow under the current flow regimes. In the presented study, models of circular quasi-two-dimensional or finite cylinders are used as a bluff body model. To control the flow textile materials were used which were previously studied in other works of the co-authors [1]. These materials can cover the cylinders. The change of effective diameter of the cylinders then is around 1% and is considered insignificant when textile material is applied on cylinder.
We combine the nonlinear Fourier transform (NFT) signal processing with machine learning methods for solving the direct spectral problem associated with the nonlinear Schrödinger equation. The latter is one of the core nonlinear science models emerging in a range of applications. Our focus is on the unexplored problem of computing the continuous nonlinear Fourier spectrum associated with decaying profiles, using a specially-structured deep neural network which we coined NFT-Net. The Bayesian optimisation is utilised to find the optimal neural network architecture. The benefits of using the NFT-Net as compared to the conventional numerical NFT methods becomes evident when we deal with noise-corrupted signals, where the neural networks-based processing results in effective noise suppression. This advantage becomes more pronounced when the noise level is sufficiently high, and we train the neural network on the noise-corrupted field profiles. The maximum restoration quality corresponds to the case where the signal-to-noise ratio of the training data coincides with that of the validation signals. Finally, we also demonstrate that the NFT b-coefficient important for optical communication applications can be recovered with high accuracy and denoised by the neural network with the same architecture.
Continuous and ubiquitous expression of foreign genes sometimes results in harmful effects on the growth, development and metabolic activities of plants. Tissue-specific promoters help to overcome this disadvantage, but do not allow one to precisely control transgene expression over time. Thus, inducible transgene expression systems have obvious benefits. In plants, transcriptional regulation is usually driven by chemical agents under the control of chemically-inducible promoters. These systems are diverse, but usually contain two elements, the chimeric transcription factor and the reporter gene. The commonly used chemically-induced expression systems are tetracycline-, steroid-, insecticide-, copper-, and ethanol-regulated. Unlike chemical-inducible systems, optogenetic tools enable spatiotemporal, quantitative and reversible control over transgene expression with light, overcoming limitations of chemically-inducible systems. This review updates and summarizes optogenetic and chemical induction methods of transgene expression used in basic plant research and discusses their potential in field applications.
The SND is a non-magnetic detector deployed at the VEPP-2000 e^+e^− collider (BINP, Novosibirsk) for hadronic cross-section measurements in the center of mass energy region below 2 GeV. The important part of the detector is a three-layer hodoscopic electromagnetic calorimeter (EMC) based on NaI(Tl) counters. Until the recent EMC spectrometric channel upgrade, only the energy deposition measurement in counters was possible.

A new EMC signal shaping and digitizing electronics based on FADC allows us to obtain also the event time structure. The new electronics and supporting software, including digital signal processing algorithms, are used for data taking in the ongoing experiment.

We discuss the amplitude and time extraction algorithms, the new system performance on experimental events and physical analysis applications.
Using a dedicated data sample taken in 2018 on the J / ψ peak, we perform a detailed study of the trigger efficiencies of the BESIII detector. The efficiencies are determined from three representative physics processes, namely Bhabha scattering, dimuon production and generic hadronic events with charged particles. The combined efficiency of all active triggers approaches 100% in most cases, with uncertainties small enough not to affect most physics analyses.
The needs of microelectronics for heat removal are growing and have already exceeded the value of 1 kW/cm 2 . To assess the ability of jet impingement cooling to meet the growing requirements, a review of experimental studies was conducted. The review demonstrated both the lack of progress in increasing critical heat flux value over the past 30 years, and the fact that this technique is still considered effective and promising.

The review showed that the movement to intensify heat transfer is in the same direction as in other promising cooling technologies. It is noted that the most productive heat transfer occurs in the region of the thinnest liquid film spreading from a free impingement liquid jet.

New fundamental studies are discussed that note the significance of heat transfer values in a very thin liquid film, and this is important for the development of cooling technologies. Problems are formulated for the required detailed studies of highly dynamic processes in the boiling region of an ultrafine liquid film at the micro level, aimed at intensifying heat transfer.
We consider the contribution of virtual Delbrück scattering to the photon emission by nuclei in the collision of two ultra-relativistic nuclei Z1Z2→Z1Z2γ and electron–nucleus collisions eZ→eZγ, in the photon energy range m≪Eγ≪mγ, where m is the electron mass and γ is the Lorentz factor of the colliding nucleus. The discussed process has no infrared divergence. The total cross section is 50 barn for the Pb–Pb collisions at the LHC collider. The spectral distribution obtained is considerably larger than for ordinary nuclear bremsstrahlung in the same photon energy range.
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)‐prone C57BL/6 mice are used as a model of human multiple sclerosis. We immunize mice with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), DNA–histone and DNA‐methylated bovine serum albumin (met‐BSA) complexes to reveal different characteristics of EAE development including bone marrow lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation profiles of hematopoietic stem cells. Immunization of C57BL/6 mice with MOG 35‐55 results in the acceleration of EAE development. Anti‐DNA antibodies are usually directed against DNA–histone complexes resulting from cell apoptosis. During the acute EAE phase (7‐20 days after immunization), catalytic antibodies efficiently hydrolysing myelin basic protein (MBP), MOG and DNA are produced with parallel suppression of antibodies hydrolysing histones. We could show that in contrast to MOG, immunization with histone‐DNA results in a reduction of proteinuria, a significant increase in anti‐DNA, anti‐MBP and anti‐MOG antibody titres, as well as an increase in their catalytic activities for antigen hydrolysis, but slightly changes the concentration of cytokines. Contrary to MOG, DNA–histone and DNA‐met‐BSA only stimulated the formation of anti‐DNA antibodies hydrolysing DNA with a long delay (15‐20 days after immunization). Our data indicate that for C57BL/6 mice immunization with DNA‐met‐BSA and DNA–histone complexes may have opposing effects compared to MOG. DNA–histone stimulates the appearance of histone‐hydrolysing abzymes in the acute EAE phase, while abzymes with DNase activity appear at significantly later time‐points. We conclude that MOG, DNA–histone and DNA‐met‐BSA have different effects on numerous bone marrow, cellular, immunological and biochemical parameters of immunized mice, but all antigens finally significantly stimulate the development of the EAE.
There are experimental data that mixed anxiety/depression-like state induced by chronic social defeat stress is accompanied by development of anxiety and downregulation of serotonergic gene expression in the midbrain raphe nuclei of male mice.

The paper aimed to study the effect of chronic lithium chloride (LiCl) on anxious behaviors and the expression of serotonergic genes ( Tph2 , Slc6a4 , Htr1a , Htr5b ) in the midbrain raphe nuclei of defeated mice.

Slight anxiolytic effects of LiCl were found on the communicativeness in the partition test, and anxiogenic-like effects, estimated by the elevated plus-maze and social interactions tests. Chronic LiCl treatment induced overexpression of the serotonergic genes in the midbrain raphe nuclei of defeated mice. We can assume that effects of LiCl, rather anxiogenic, may be due to activation of serotonergic system induced by hyperexpression of serotonergic genes. Our findings will allow to understand the factors involved in the positive and side effects of lithium on anxiety and function of serotonergic genes which are involved into mechanisms of depression.
As a model for chemical DNA repair, reduction of guanosyl radicals in the reaction with cysteine or the dipeptide cysteine-glycine has been studied by time-resolved chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (CIDNP).

Radicals were generated photochemically by pulsed laser irradiation of a solution containing the photosensitizer 2,2'-dipyridyl, guanosine-5'-monophosphate, and the amino acid or peptide. In neutral and basic aqueous solution, the neutral guanosyl radical is formed via electron or hydrogen atom transfer to the triplet excited dye. The rate constants for reduction of guanosyl radical were determined by quantitative analysis of the CIDNP kinetics, which are sensitive to the rates of fast radical reactions.

The rate constants vary from (1.0 ± 0.3) × 10(7) M(-1) s(-1) for the thiol form of cysteine to (1.6 ± 0.2) × 10(8) M(-1) s(-1) for the thiolate anion. These values are comparable with corresponding rate constants for reduction of neutral guanosyl radical by tyrosine.
Thermocapillary breakdown of thin horizontal layer of ethanol when heated from a localized heat source was studied experimentally.

The influence of layer depth on the breakdown process was investigated. Evolution of the layer thickness in the heating point and deformation profile were being monitored and the critical thickness of the layer was evaluated using confocal technique.

Pulsations of layer thickness over the heating area before the breakdown have been found.
This Letter describes plasma discharges with a high temperature of bulk electrons in the axially symmetric high-mirror-ratio (R=35) open magnetic system gas dynamic trap (GDT) in the Budker Institute (Novosibirsk).

According to Thomson scattering measurements, the on-axis electron temperature averaged over a number of sequential shots is 660±50 eV with the plasma density being 0.7×10^{19} m^{-3}; in few shots, electron temperature exceeds 900 eV. The breakthrough is made possible by application of a new 0.7 MW/54.5 GHz electron cyclotron resonance heating system in addition to standard 5 MW heating by neutral beams, and application of a radial electric field to mitigate the flute instability.

This corresponds to at least a threefold increase with respect to previous experiments both at GDT and at other comparable machines, thus, demonstrating the highest quasistationary (about 1 ms) electron temperature achieved in open traps.
In the efforts to reduce the intensity of sonic boom generated by a supersonic aircraft, the problem of measuring the parameters of the shock waves in the experiments in a non-uniform flow is considered. It is necessary to measure the static pressure distribution behind the head shock wave at various distances from the model under study. The measured data of the shock wave profile obtained with the help of a drained measuring plate and a comb of pressure probes are given. A technique for processing experimental data is presented.
Aim. To confirm the association between sudden cardiac death (SCD) and single nucleotide polymorphisms rs7164665, rs71461059, rs74765750, rs6762529, identified in own genome-wide associative study as new molecular genetic markers of SCD. Material and methods. As design we used case-control study. The SCD group was formed using the SCD criteria of the European Society of Cardiology (n=438, average age 53,2±9,1 years, male — 72,7%, women — 28,3%). The control group (n=435, average age 53,2±8,9 years, men — 70,0%, women — 30,0%) was selected by gender and age for the SCD group from the DNA bank of the international projects MONICA and HAPIEE. DNA was isolated by phenol-chloroform extraction from myocardial tissue in the SCD group and venous blood in the control group. Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction followed by analysis of estriction fragment length polymorphism. The results are statistically processed using the SPSS 16.0 software package. Results. No carriers of the rare allele A of the single nucleotide polymorphism rs74765750 were found in the SCD group and the control group. No statistically significant differences were found between the SCD group and the control group relating to frequencies of genotypes and alleles of single nucleotide polymorphisms rs7164665 and rs71461059. In the age group older than 50 years, the proportion of carriers of the heterozygous CT genotype of the single nucleotide polymorphism rs6762529 in the SCD group is statistically significantly lower compared to the control group (CT vs CC+TT: OR=0,686, 95% CI 0,483-0,967 p=0,035). Conclusion. The CT genotype of the single nucleotide polymorphism rs6762529 is associated with a protective effect on SCD for people over 50 years of age. The association with single nucleotide polymorphisms rs7164665, rs71461059, rs74765750 with SCD has not been confirmed.
A variety of optically active nanoscale objects show extremely long correlations in the fluctuations of fluorescence intensity (blinking). Here we performed a systematic study to quantitatively estimate the power spectral density (PSD) of the fluorescence trajectories of colloidal and self-assembled quantum dots (QDs), nanorods (NRs), nanowires (NWs), and organic molecules. We report for the first time a statistically correct method of PSD estimation suitable for these systems. Our method includes a detailed analysis of the confidence intervals. The striking similarity in the spectra of these nanoscale systems, including even a "nonblinking" quantum dot investigated by Wang and collaborators (Nature2009, 459, 685–689), is powerful evidence for the existence of a universal physical mechanism underlying the blinking phenomenon in all of these fluorophores (Frantsuzov et al. Nat. Phys.2008, 4, 519–522). In this paper we show that the features of this universal mechanism can be captured phenomenologically by the multiple recombination center model (MRC) we suggested recently for explaining single colloidal QD intermittency. Within the framework of the MRCs we qualitatively explain all of the important features of fluorescence intensity fluctuations for a broad spectrum of nanoscale emitters.
Spatiotemporal light beam dynamics in multimode fibers (MMF) recently has attracted renewed interest in both fundamental physics and various fields of practical application

Recent experiments have shown that, owing to the Kerr effect, a process of beam self-cleaning can be observed in graded-index (GRIN) MMFs

As a result, one observes a robust nonlinear beam, which has a size that is close to the fundamental mode at the fiber output, in contrast to a speckled output beam, which is obtained in the case of the linear regime
Bias voltage dependent scattering of the topological surface state is studied by scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy for a clean surface of the topological insulator Bi${}_{2}$Te${}_{2}$Se.

A strong warping of constant energy contours in the unoccupied part of the spectrum is found to lead to a spin-selective scattering. The topological surface state persists to higher energies in the unoccupied range far beyond the Dirac point, where it coexists with the bulk conduction band.

This finding sheds light on the spin and charge dynamics over a wide energy range and opens a way to designing optospintronic devices.
A corrigendum on the article The forearm fractures in patients with diabetes and without diabetes in population sample aged over 50 years (Novosibirsk) by E.S. Mazurenko, S.K. Malyutina, L.V. Shcherbakova, S.V. Mustafina, T.M. Nikitenko, M. Bobak, O.D. Rymar (2018). Problems of Endocrinology 65(2). doi: 10.14341/probl9799

There was an error on the page 84 in the Table 4: symbol greater than or equal to was confuse with lower than in the table raw for menopause; symbol lower than or equal to was confuse with greater than in the table raw for total cholesterol level.

The authors and editors apologize for this error. The original article has been updated.
The social transformations that took place under the influence of globalization and neoliberalization at the turn of the 20th – 21st centuries led to the need for deep structural and functional changes in the system of domestic higher professional education. Despite the fact that over the past twenty years in domestic practice a lot of directive documents have been developed and a number of serious management decisions have been adopted that have a direct impact on the development of the Russian education system at all levels, the domestic higher school in many respects cannot reach a level that makes it possible to make a serious competition to the participants of the world scientific and educational space.

A retrospective analysis of the main conceptual documents that determine the development of the domestic education system, carried out in the work, showed that reforms of the domestic higher education system often do not reach their logical conclusion, since they are predominantly declarative in nature, far from always supported by a legislative framework, which leads to inconsistency in practical actions on their implementation.

The article reveals that the incompleteness of the reforms is largely due to the existing gaps in cooperation between the institutions of education, science and industrial production, which all conceptually significant documents declare, but in practice, close mutually beneficial cooperation between these actors does not sufficiently manifest itself. The author indicates that such interaction can be carried out through the development of university systems, which, being integrated into the economy of the regions and acting as a driver of innovative development, can contribute to increasing the competitiveness of Russian universities in the international scientific and educational space.
Accurate repeatability of experimental data is the basis of professional scientific research. In this study we analyzed three consecutive experiments: The subjects had to complete a questionnaire three times under similar conditions within a 2–3 week interval to ensure reproducibility of the original data from experiment to experiment, using the method of test–retest reliability. Absolute reliability was assessed by the standard error of measurement (SEM) and smallest real difference (SRD). The relative reliability was estimated by calculating the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC3,1) (average measures) and the results demonstrate almost perfect agreement. The social interaction model was applied for organization of the experimental study. In this virtual model, the participants had to choose one of three types of reactions (i.e., attacking, avoiding, or friendly) to stimuli-facial expressions (i.e., angry, fearful, sad, neutral, and happy). The results show significant correlation between personal characteristics and social interactions. The results of the influence of such personal characteristics as agreeableness, collectivism, extraversion, neuroticism, and those shown on the Relational-interdependent Self-Construal Scale and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory are highly consistent with other researchers’ data and common sense.