Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
The processes of heat and mass transfer in systems with liquid-gas interface are of interest to a wide range of problems. Thermocapillary flows have an important role in such systems. Thermocapillary deformation of silicone oil layer was investigated using laser scanning confocal microscope Zeiss LSM 510 Meta. The numerical solution of the problem was obtained in the lubrication approximation theory for two-dimensional axisymmetric thermocapillary flow. The model takes into account the surface tension, viscosity, gravity and heat transfer in the substrate. Evaporation is neglected. The numerical algorithm for the joint solution of the energy equation and the evolution equation for the liquid layer thickness has been developed. Stationary solutions have been obtained by the establishment method. The dependences of the depth of thermocapillary deformation on the layer thickness were obtained for silicone oils of different viscosities. It was found that the value of the relative deformation decreases nonlinearly with increasing the initial layer thickness. There is a good qualitative agreement of numerical results and experimental data.
Idiopathic scoliosis is one of the most common disabling pathologies of children and adolescents. Etiology and pathogenesis of idiopathic scoliosis remain unknown.

To study the etiology of this disease we identified the cells' phenotypes in the vertebral body growth plates in patients with idiopathic scoliosis. Materials and methods: The cells were isolated from vertebral body growth plates of the convex and concave sides of the deformity harvested intraoperatively in 50 patients with scoliosis. Cells were cultured and identified by methods of common morphology, neuromorphology, electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry and PCR analysis.

Results: Cultured cells of convex side of deformation were identified as chondroblasts. Cells isolated from the growth plates of the concave side of the deformation showed numerous features of neuro-and glioblasts. These cells formed synapses, contain neurofilaments, and expressed neural and glial proteins. Conclusion: For the first time we demonstrated the presence of cells with neural/glial phenotype in the concave side of the vertebral body growth plate in scoliotic deformity. We hypothesized that neural and glial cells observed in the growth plates of the vertebral bodies represent derivatives of neural crest cells deposited in somites due to alterations in their migratory pathway during embryogenesis. We also propose that ectopic localization of cells derived from neural crest in the growth plate of the vertebral bodies is the main etiological factor of the scoliotic disease.
The regularity in social relations is deduced on the base of natural human reactions. The regularity is similar to the Newton’s Third Law.

The new approach to phenomenon and definition of violence is offered as a consequence of the discovered regularity. Violence is considered as an action with an object without consent of the owner.

It is showed that a person herself is responsible for significant part of violence against her, namely for the violence which is just reaction for her own violence. The regularity of deliberate rejection of violence in society in historical perspective is proved.
The paper considers the features of waterlogging of a flat watershed, unique in its structure and evolution, between the valley complexes of the two largest watercourses of Khabarovsk Territory.

The Tugur and Nimelen rivers had rather powerful debit of water flows during the Pleistocene and were repeatedly redirected from the northern azimuth (the Sea of Okhotsk) to the southern one (the Amur catchment).

This process continued partly at the early stages of the Holocene, as the stratigraphy of the peat deposits of the bogs formed indicates here.
Effects of spin-spin interactions on the nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion (NMRD) of protons were studied in a situation where spin ½ hetero-nuclei are present in the molecule. As in earlier works [K. L. Ivanov, A. V. Yurkovskaya, and H.-M. Vieth, J. Chem. Phys. 129, 234513 (2008)10.1063/1.3040272; S. E. Korchak, K. L. Ivanov, A. V. Yurkovskaya, and H.-M. Vieth, J. Chem. Phys. 133, 194502 (2010)10.1063/1.3495988], spin-spin interactions have a pronounced effect on the relaxivity tending to equalize the longitudinal relaxation times once the spins become strongly coupled at a sufficiently low magnetic field. In addition, we have found influence of 19F nuclei on the proton NMRD, although in the whole field range, studied protons and fluorine spins were only weakly coupled. In particular, pronounced features in the proton NMRD were found; but each feature was predominantly observed only for particular spin states of the hetero-nuclei. The features are explained theoretically; it is shown that hetero-nuclei can affect the proton NMRD even in the limit of weak coupling when (i) protons are coupled strongly and (ii) have spin-spin interactions of different strengths with the hetero-nuclei. We also show that by choosing the proper magnetic field strength, one can selectively transfer proton spin magnetization between spectral components of choice.
The effect of the ratio of inlet flow rates on the flow structure and efficiency of liquid mixing in a T-shaped micromixer was studied at low Reynolds numbers

using the method of particle image velocimetry and laser-induced fluorescence techniques

It was found that under the stationary flow regimes, the maximum efficiency of liquid mixing is 0.86 at Re = 186 and inlet flow ratio ( R ) of 1. The maximum dimensionless value of the longitudinal component of the mean flow velocity (up to 2.0) is achieved for the cases with the smallest and largest inlet flow ratio, that is, at R = 0.03 and R = 1.
The stability of the new antifiloviral agent AS-358 consisting of borneol and 3-(piperidin-1-yl)propanoic acid, was studied in the blood and blood plasma of rats in vitro. It was found that in both matrices stabilized by EDTA or heparin, the compound is rapidly hydrolyzed at the ester bond. When sodium fluoride was added, the decomposition of the compound was significantly slowed down. This made it possible to develop and validate a method for the quantitative determination of the agent in whole rat blood. Analysis was performed by HPLC-MS/MS method using reverse phase chromatography. The developed method was used for a preliminary study of the pharmacokinetics of the agent AS-358 after its oral administration to rats, and it was shown that the concentration of AS-358 in the blood of animals reached 550 ng/ml after 1 hour, despite its instability in blood. Analogues of the agent which contain ether linker have been synthesized and their metabolic stability has been shown.
With the turbulence in global trade and the necessity to develop non-commodity exports in Russia, the choice of an effective strategy for exporters’ conduct in the food market is becoming vitally important these days. Agent-based models simulating the behavior of decentralized self-learning agents with their own goals and capabilities can be used as the tools for analyzing and predicting market movements. The paper presents the results of the agent-based approach to market modeling by the example of barley, which is one of the top commodity items of the Russian food exports on the basis of FAOSTAT and Rosstat data for the period 1997–2017. As a result of the study, an agent-based model of the world barley market was built, and a series of calculated experiments was carried out in the AnyLogic development environment with the changes in such factors as the level of global demand, the amount of customs duties, the exporting companies’ funds in order to determine the strategic conduct of the exporting agents taking into account the limited rationality of the participants in communicative interaction. The proposed approach develops modern theory of consumer behavior and simulation, and the results of the study can be used in the formation of development programs for the Russian agro-food exports.
Composite solid electrolytes (1 − x)CsNO2-xND, where ND are nanodiamonds, including those after liquid-phase and gas-phase oxidation and reduction functionalization, were prepared

their properties investigated by XRD, analysis of BET nitrogen adsorption isotherms, IR spectroscopy and impedance spectroscopy

The electrical conductivity of composites (1 − x)CsNO2-xND obeys the Arrhenius dependence and has a maximum at x = 0.95 regardless of the ND pretreatment. It was found that the conductivity depends on the mode of functionalization of the ND surface, as well as on the processing time. The electrical conductivity of composites with ND, processed by the gas-phase method, is 1.5–2.6 times higher than that of composites with initial ND, in which the conductivity is 2 orders of magnitude higher than that of pure cesium nitrate. Thus, the possibility of using ND as an effective heterogeneous additive for the preparation of composite solid electrolytes, including cesium nitrite, has been demonstrated for the first time.
Sniffing behavior plays a significant role for communication and maintenance of the ethological structure of population.

We studied the number of nose-nasal and nose-anogenital sniffing in male mice of inbred strains PT and CBA/Lac housed in genetically heterogeneous pairs during puberty and later (from 41 to 70 days of life).

Male mice of the CBA/Lac strain show a higher number of nose-anogenital and nose-nasal sniffing in comparison with males of the PT strain. Throughout the period of stable social hierarchy we observed a transient increase in the number of sniffing behaviors in dominants and subordinates of the CBA/Lac strain but not in PT. In conclusion, the study revealed a significant influence of genotype and social rank on developmental patterns of sniffing behaviour in laboratory male mice
The Covid-19 pandemic presented an unprecedented emergency for countries worldwide, including all those with a federal or hybrid-federal system of government, which account for more than 40 per cent of the world's population.

With case studies from 19 federal countries, this book explores the core elements of federalism that came to the fore in combatting the pandemic: the division of responsibilities (disaster management, health care, social welfare, and education), the need for centralisation, and intergovernmental relations and cooperation. As the pandemic struck federal countries at roughly the same time, it provided a unique opportunity for comparative research on the question of how the various federal systems responded. The authors adopt a multidisciplinary approach to question whether federalism has been a help or a hindrance in tackling the pandemic.

The value of the book lies in understanding how the Covid-19 pandemic affected federal dynamics and how it may have changed them, as well as providing useful lessons for how to combat such pandemics in federal countries in the future.
We consider a class of Markov processes with resettings, where at random times, the Markov processes are restarted from a predetermined point or a region. These processes are frequently applied in physics, chemistry, biology, economics, and in population dynamics.

In this paper we establish the local large deviation principle (LLDP) for the Wiener processes with random resettings, where the resettings occur at the arrival time of a Poisson process. Here, at each resetting time, a new resetting point is selected at random, according to a conditional distribution.
A detailed analysis of the reflection coefficient of linearly polarized in plane of incidence of a plane monochromatic wave from a three-layer structure is carried out.

Solved the reverse problem ellipsometry for a three-layer structure. A set of three observable parameters not previously used is proposed, which allows to restore the material parameters of the layer.

The existence of two reflection factor invariants for the flat-parallel plate is shown. Analytical expressions are obtained both for the reflection coefficient and incidence angles for a number of important particular cases, and for the direct calculation of the dielectric constant and layer thickness from the measured values of the observed parameters.
Исследовано термическое разложение полиядерных металламакроциклических соединений Ln(H 2 O) 4 [15MC CuGlyha -5]Cl 3 (Ln=La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Y, Dy) в интервале температур 20-600 °С.При температуре 190-250 °С наблюдается сильный экзотермический эффект, сопровождающийся разрушением органической части молекулы и образованием оксидов меди и соответствующего лантаноида.На основании данных ТГА-ДСК-МС, ИК и РСА предложена схема, которая включает, с одной стороны, окисление (за счет восстановления Cu 2+ ) аминного (-CH 2 -NH 2 ) фрагмента до нитрильного (-C≡N), а, с другой стороны, образование изоцианатного фрагмента в результате перегруппировки Лоссена.Методом РСА получена структура комплекса [Nd(OAc){15MC Cu(II)Glyha -5}(H 2 O) 2 ] 2+ •0.5[CN] -•1.5Cl -•4.5(H 2 O)•0.5Ca(OH)Cl•0.5Ca(CN)Clв качестве одного из продуктов термического разложения, выделенного в присутствии соли кальция.
Pulse dipole spectroscopy data collection schemes

Non-uniform schemes for collection of pulse dipole spectroscopy data

Can decrease and redistribute noise in the distance spectrum for increased sensitivity and throughput
Background:The genome is always exposed to different kinds of DNA damaging agents.DNA repair systems in cells are responsible for the genome integrity.The damages, which do not make strong disturbance of double stranded DNA structure, are normally processed by the base excision repair (BER) system.To the moment, this system is well characterized, but the details of regulation are still under investigation.DNA compaction additionally complicates the functioning of repair systems.For successful DNA repair, BER stages, as well as the degree of DNA compaction, should be regulated.Poly(ADPribose)polymerase1 (PARP1) and poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase2 (PARP2) are key BER regulatory members, which are also known to participate in the regulation of chromatin remodeling.

Methods: Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.Results: In our study, we focused on the investigation of the influence of PARPs on the activity of major enzymes of the BER system -APE1 and DNA polymerase beta, using both reconstituted nucleosomes and naked DNAs.We obtained the inhibitory effect of PARP1 and PARP2 on the activity of both APE1 and DNA polymerase beta.This effect was attenuated in the presence of NAD + , under conditions of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation.

Conclusion:Our results additionally confirm the currently relevant model for the regulation of the interactions of PARP1 and PARP2 with DNA.In particular, under ADP-ribosylation, autopoly(ADPribosyl)ation of these PARPs occurs that contributes to the dissociation of their complexes with the DNA/nucleosome, due to electrostatic repulsion between the DNA and the negatively charged polymer of ADP-ribose, which is covalently attached to PARP.The structural data could clarify the points of interaction and location of PARPs relative to each other or to nucleosome core and BER proteins during repair.
It was recently proposed [1] that the model with a fraction of decaying cold dark matter is able to reconcile measurements in high redshift (CMB) and low redshift (probes of cluster abundance and the Hubble constant).

We check this statement employing the full likelihood of CMB Planck data. We find that the lensing effect calculated from anisotropy spectra measured by Planck imposes the strong constraint on the fraction of unstable dark matter as F < 8% (2σ).

However, combining the CMB data with conflicting measurements in low redshift we obtain that the model with F ≈ 2 − 5% improves the goodness-of-fit by 1.5 − 2σ depending on As and τ priors in comparison with the concordance ΛCDM model.
Recent results from the KEDR detector obtained in the charmonium energy range are reported: high-precision measurement of the J/ψ and ψ(2S) masses, study of their leptonic decays and J/ψ → η c γ decay
The goldthread genus Coptis includes 15 species disjunctly distributed in eastern Asia and North America.

Here, we provide a dated phylogeny for the genus with all 15 species. Our results indicate that Coptis contains two strongly supported clades (I and II). Clade I consists of subg. Coptis and sect. Japonocoptis of subg. Metacoptis; clade II composes sect. Japonocoptis of subg. Metacoptis. Central leaflet base, sepal shape, and petal blade carry a strong phylogenetic signal in Coptis, while leaf type, sepal and petal color, and petal shape exhibit relatively higher levels of evolutionary flexibility.

Our dating and biogeographic analyses indicate that a vicariance event between Japan-North America occurred in the middle Miocene, resulting in the split of Coptis and its sister group. Subsequently, a colonization event occurred at 9.55 Ma from Japan to mainland China. Both vicariance and dispersal events have played important roles in shaping the current distribution and endemism of Coptis, likely resulting from eustatic sea-level changes, mountain formation processes and an increasing drier and cooler climate from the middle Miocene onwards.
Russian regions are known to be economically different. While economic inequality is quite natural for a large country, it can lead to depopulation of less developed regions. Thus, the scale of this phenomenon should be assessed and taken into account in development programmes of the Eastern regions of Russia.

The study aims to examine population dynamics and migration processes occurring in Asian Russia in the first decades of the 21st century, focusing on the role of human capital at different stages of regional economic development. Migration losses and gains of Asian Russia were estimated based on information on internal migration of the population by education level and the author’s approach to assessing the accumulated human capital.

The calculations confirm a hypothesis that losses from the population outflow in the studied region exceed its gains from the inflow, negatively influencing the possibilities of accelerated economic growth. The conducted research presents new results concerning the outflow of human capital from Asian Russia in the period after 2008. Considering foreign experience in reducing negative effects that have also been recently observed in the region, it is proposed to intensify efforts in three major areas: new knowledge as a factor of spatial connectivity; consolidation of the population; implementation and support of economic activity in Asian Russia. The calculation results can be used in development programmes of the Eastern regions of Russia.
The product of the electronic width of the $\psi(2S)$ meson and the branching fraction of its decay to the muon pair was measured in the $e^{+}e^{-} \to \psi(2S) \to \mu^{+}\mu^{-}$ process using nine data sets corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 6.5 pb$^{-1}$ collected with the KEDR detector at the VEPP-4M electron-positron collider: \[ \Gamma_{ee}\times\mathcal{B}_{\mu\mu} = 19.3 \pm 0.3 \pm 0.5 ~\text{eV}. \] Adding the previous KEDR results on hadronic and leptonic channels, the values of the $\psi(2S)$ electronic width were obtained under two assumptions: either with the assumption of lepton universality \[ \Gamma_{ee} = 2.279 \pm 0.015 \pm 0.042 ~\text{keV} \] or without it, summing up hadronic and three independent leptonic channels: \[ \Gamma_{ee} = 2.282 \pm 0.015 \pm 0.042 ~\text{keV}. \]
Ratios of malic-enzyme (ME1) and glucosephosphate isomerase (GPI2) phenotypic classes were studied in agamospermous progenies of triploid sugar beet plants.

It was shown that the ratio of enzymes phenotypic classes quite well accords with the calculations based on the supposition about reduplication of chromosome sites carrying alleles of enzyme loci accompanied by a loss of excessive allelic copies in the first cell division under embryogenesis. Polyteny – conditioned allelic dose increase leads to the occurrence of alleles – absent in the initial parent – at a certain frequency in the developing progeny.

The notions of 'meiotic autosegregation' and 'mitotic autosegregation' – typical of meiotic and mitotic agamospermy, respectively, – were introduced; the term locus 'polygenotype' characterizing the allelic composition of locus, number of chromosomes and a copies number of chromatides sites carrying marker-locus alleles in the cell before entering embryogenesis was also introduced.
A method for calculating problems of uniaxial shock-wave loading of material is proposed in this paper.

The method is based on Cabaret finite difference scheme. The mathematical model of the impact loading is described in Lagrangian formulation in the one-dimensional case. The task is approximated by the scheme.

A comparison is made with the analytical solution. Verification of the approach is carried out on experimental data.
The formation of elongated dust particles in a spherical dc glow discharge in ethanol was observed for the first time. Dust particles were formed in the process of coagulation of ethanol dissociation products in the plasma of gas discharge. During the process the particles were captured into clouds in the electric potential wells of strong striations of spherical discharge. The size and the shape of dust particles are easily detected by naked eye after the illumination of the laser sheet. The description of the experimental setup and conditions, the analysis of size, shape and composition of the particles, the explanation of spatial ordering and orientation of these particles are presented.
ABSTRACT As part of an archaeological research project, we investigate the geomorphology of the cold and arid study area by combining field mapping with use of orthoimages and DEM. To the north of a broad trunk valley floor, gentle slopes continuously vegetated culminate around 3000 m, while to the south steep slopes reaching to 3500 m are deeply incised and covered mainly by regolith. The basin has been intensively glaciated as evidenced by the till covering the gentler slopes, several morainic complexes, kame terraces and roches moutonnées. The present morphodynamics of this permafrost-affected basin is mainly periglacial, with blockfields, solifluction lobes, patterned ground and rock glaciers on gentle slopes to high-elevated flat terrain, and block slopes and rockfall talus on steeper slopes. Large alluvial fans at the outlet of the steep lateral valleys constrain the anastomosing channel of the Kalguty river. Active braided channels in those valleys evidence seasonal high peak discharge.
Suppose that L is one of the finite simple groups PSL 4 (q) or PSU 4 (q) and L acts on a vector space W over a field whose characteristic divides q.We prove that the natural semidirect product of W and L contains an element whose order differs from the order of any element of L, thus answering questions 14.60 and 17.73 (a) of the Kourovka Notebook.