Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
The relationship between compartmentalisation of the genome and epigenetics is long and hoary. In 1928 Heitz defined heterochromatin as the largest differentiated chromatin compartment in eukaryotic nuclei. Müller’s (1930) discovery of position-effect variegation (PEV) went on to show that heterochromatin is a cytologically-visible state of heritable (epigenetic) gene repression. Current insights into compartmentalisation have come from a high-throughput top-down approach where contact frequency (Hi-C) maps revealed the presence of compartmental domains that segregate the genome into heterochromatin and euchromatin. It has been argued that the compartmentalisation seen in Hi-C maps is due to the physiochemical process of phase separation. Oddly, the insights provided by these experimental and conceptual advances have remained largely silent on how Hi-C maps and phase separation relate to epigenetics. Addressing this issue directly in mammals, we have made use of a bottom-up approach starting with the hallmarks of constitutive heterochromatin, heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) and its binding partner the H3K9me2/3 determinant of the histone code. They are key epigenetic regulators in eukaryotes. Both hallmarks are also found outside mammalian constitutive heterochromatin as constituents of larger (0.1-5Mb) heterochromatin -like domains and smaller (less than 100Kb) complexes. The well-documented ability of HP1 proteins to function as bridges between H3K9me2/3-marked nucleosomes enables cross-linking within and between chromatin fibres that contributes to polymer-polymer phase separation (PPPS) that packages epigenetically-heritable chromatin states during interphase. Contacts mediated by HP1 “bridging” are likely to have been detected in Hi-C maps, as evidenced by the B4 heterochromatic sub-compartment that emerges from contacts between large KRAB-ZNF heterochromatin -like domains. Further, mutational analyses have revealed a finer, innate, compartmentalisation in Hi-C experiments that likely reflect contacts involving smaller domains/complexes. Proteins that bridge (modified) DNA and histones in nucleosomal fibres – where the HP1-H3K9me2/3 interaction represents the most evolutionarily-conserved paradigm – could drive and generate the fundamental compartmentalisation of the interphase nucleus. This has implications for the mechanism(s) that maintains cellular identity, be it a terminally-differentiated fibroblast or a pluripotent embryonic stem cell.
We consider a unique case of a propagating internal gravity wave that has generated in situ a compact and thin layer of noctilucent clouds (NLC) at 82.7–85.2 km with a characteristic horizontal scale of 65–70 km, as observed in the Moscow region on the night of 18–19 July 2013. This particular transient isolated gravity wave together with the whole NLC layer suddenly appeared in the clear twilight sky and lasted about 1 h traveling eastward, which differs significantly from previously observed cases of gravity waves propagating through preexisting NLC layers. Our model studies demonstrate that the wave had a tropospheric source connected to the passage of an occluded front. The wave was likely generated due to strong horizontal wind shears at about 5 km altitude.
Within investigating the multiple charge spreading generalizing the Bertaut approach

a set of confined spreading functions with a polynomial behaviour, but defined so as to enhance the rate of convergence of Coulomb series even upon a single spreading, is proposed. It is shown that multiple spreading is ultimately effective especially in the case when the spreading functions of neighbouring point charges overlap. In the cases of a simple exponential and a Gaussian spreading functions the effect of multiplicity of spreading on the rate of convergence is discussed along with an additional optimization of the spreading parameter in dependence on the cut-off parameters of lattice summation

All the effects are demonstrated on a simple model NaCl structure
It is a relativistic analogue of the Ovsyannikov vortex (special vortex) investigated earlier for classical gas dynamics.

An exact solution of the Euler equations governing the flow of a compressible fluid in relativistic hydrodynamics is found and studied. Solutions are partially invariant of Defect 1 and Rank 2 with respect to the rotation group.

A theorem on the representation of the factor-system in the form of a union of a non-invariant subsystem for the function determining the deviation of the velocity vector from the meridian, and invariant subsystem for determination of thermodynamic parameters, the Lorentz factor and the radial velocity component is proved. Compatibility conditions for the overdetermined non-invariant subsystem are obtained.
The paper is devoted to an experimental and theoretical study of effect of small angle of attack on disturbances evolution and laminar-turbulent transition in a supersonic boundary layer on swept wing. The experiments were conducted at the low nose supersonic wind tunnel T-325 of ITAM at Mach numbers M=2. Model is a symmetrical wing with a 45° sweep angle, a 3 percent-thick circular-arc airfoil. Calculations on the effect of small angles of attack on the development of perturbations are made in the framework of the linear theory of stability. Obtained good qualitative correspondence of experimental transition Reynolds number and the calculated dependences obtained for different values of the N factor. For the first time a comparison of the experimental growth rates with the results of calculations for various angles of attack was made. A good agreement between the experimental and theoretical data for the zero angle of attack was obtained. At the same time, there was no such agreement at non-zero angles of attack.
This work is devoted to the experimental study of coherent structures in swirling jets flowing onto a heated surface.

To measure the velocity fields with a high acquisition rate of 3.5 kHz Stereo Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurement system is used. Simultaneously with PIV measurements, the temperature of the heated surface is measured by high-speed thermometry. The experiments are carried out for three different cases of swirling and two distances from the nozzle to the impingement surface. The contribution of coherent structures to the fluctuations of velocity and temperature is analyzed for a strongly swirling jet by using Spectral Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (SPOD) method and spatial Fourier transform.

It is shown that only in the case of strongly swirling jet breakdown of vortex core and bubble-type recirculation zone appear. In this flow regime, large-scale vortex structures of spiral shape are found. It is found that the strongly swirling jet for H/d = 1 provides most effective overall cooling of the surface for the considered flow configurations.
We study, within QCD collinear factorization and including BFKL resummation at the next-to-leading order, the production of Mueller-Navelet jets at LHC with center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV.The adopted jet vertices are calculated in the approximation of small aperture of the jet cone in the pseudorapidity-azimuthal angle plane.We consider several representations of the dijet cross section, differing only beyond the next-to-leading order, to calculate a few observables related with this process.We use various methods of optimization to fix the energy scales entering the perturbative calculation and compare thereafter our results with the experimental data from the CMS collaboration.
The results of investigations of relaxation processes of donor bound electrons in the germanium doped by arsenic at cryogenic temperatures are presented.

The lifetimes of p-type excited states of a donor were measured by pump-probe technique utilizing THz radiation from free-electron laser NovoFEL. The uniaxial stress along [111] axis was applied to the crystal to modify the energy spectrum of the impurity and intervalley relaxation processes.

The analysis of experimental for p-type excited states allows to get the upper limit for the relaxation time of lowest 1s excited state. The comparison of obtained experimental results with the theoretical estimates for the interaction with TA phonons indicates on the enhancement of the interaction with the phonons having wavenumbers corresponding to the flat part of the dispersion.
Data from recent literature [O. Torres et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2014] are reinterpreted.

A consistent theoretical description of the spin dynamics underlying photo-PHIP (para-hydrogen induced polarization) experiments is given and validated experimentally: spectra from zero-quantum coherence (ZQC) "in-phase" and "out-of-phase" were obtained and evolution of ZQCs and the population of singlet spin state was tracked and modeled. Advantages of using M2S sequences such as APSOC for detecting photo-PHIP are demonstrated. A sequence for 2D ZQ spectroscopy based on APSOC is proposed and the fundamental principles of ZQ spectroscopy are formulated.

This investigation opens a new way to obtain information on the sign of J-couplings using ZQ spectroscopy. The proposed method is also useful to track the redistribution of the singlet spin population in various PHIP related experiments, which is essential for efficient polarization transfer to target nuclei.
Considering the existing definitions of violence one can point out a lack of terminological unity, which is associated with a lack of objective criteria. As a basis author uses own definition of violence as actions with property without the consent of the owner. Such a definition has an unambiguously defined criterion - the presence or absence of the owner's consent to actions with the object. On the basis of this definition, examples of existing violence from the side of society towards its members are considered. These examples give an idea of what issues in social life are yet violent and how violence can be eliminated. Democracy, the main feature of which is the co-ownership of state property by citizens in equal shares, is considered as an institute that ensures overcoming violence in society. The necessary conditions for ensuring such co-ownership are given. As an example, a state structure is given that provides the necessary features of a democratic state, the main purpose of which is to protect citizens from any encroachment on their property, i.e. protection from violence.
The red fox (Vulpes vulpes) demonstrates a variety of coat colors including platinum, a common phenotype maintained in farm-bred fox populations. Foxes heterozygous for the platinum allele have a light silver coat and extensive white spotting, whereas homozygosity is embryonic lethal. Two KIT transcripts were identified in skin cDNA from platinum foxes. The long transcript was identical to the KIT transcript of silver foxes, whereas the short transcript, which lacks exon 17, was specific to platinum. The KIT gene has several copies in the fox genome: an autosomal copy on chromosome 2 and additional copies on the B chromosomes. To identify the platinum-specific KIT sequence, the genomes of one platinum and one silver fox were sequenced. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was identified at the first nucleotide of KIT intron 17 in the platinum fox. In platinum foxes, the A allele of the SNP disrupts the donor splice site and causes exon 17, which is part of a segment that encodes a conserved tyrosine kinase domain, to be skipped. Complete cosegregation of the A allele with the platinum phenotype was confirmed by linkage mapping (LOD 25.59). All genotyped farm-bred platinum foxes from Russia and the US were heterozygous for the SNP (A/G), whereas foxes with different coat colors were homozygous for the G allele. Identification of the platinum mutation suggests that other fox white-spotting phenotypes, which are allelic to platinum, would also be caused by mutations in the KIT gene.
New methods and approaches in precision spectroscopy of ultracold atoms and ions are reviewed with an emphasis on contributions of Institute of Laser Physics SB RAS.
We extend Takuro Onishi’s result on displaying substructural negations by formulating display calculi for non-normal versions of impossibility and unnecessity operators, called regular and co-regular negations, respectively, by Dimiter Vakarelov. We make a number of connections between Onishi’s work and Vakarelov’s study of negation.

formulating display calculi for non-normal versions of impossibility and unnecessity operators

We also prove a decidability result for our display calculus, which can be naturally extended to obtain decidability results for a large number of display calculi for logics with negative modal operators.
The generation of terahertz electromagnetic radiation due to the coalescence of upper-hybrid waves in the long-wavelength region of strong plasma turbulence driven by a high-current relativistic electron beam in a magnetized plasma is investigated.

The width of the frequency spectrum and the angular characteristics of this radiation for various values of plasma density and turbulence energy are calculated using the simple theoretical model adequately describing beam–plasma experiments at mirror traps.

It is shown that the power density of electromagnetic emission at the second harmonic of plasma frequency in the terahertz range for these laboratory experiments can reach the level of 1 MW cm−3 with 1% conversion efficiency of beam energy losses to electromagnetic emission.
This paper considers the photoelectrochemical characteristics of a composite porous TiO2 thin film with deposited plasmonic gold nanoparticles.

The deposition of gold nanoparticles was carried out by the laser-induced chemical liquid-phase deposition (LCLD) method. The structural characteristics of the composite have been studied; it has been shown that the porous TiO2 film has a lattice related to the tetragonal system and is in the anatase phase. Gold nanoparticles form on the surface of a porous TiO2 film. A complex of photoelectrochemical measurements was carried out.

It was shown that the deposition of plasmonic gold nanoparticles led to a significant increase in the photocurrent density by ~820%. The proposed concept is aimed at testing the method of forming a uniform layer of plasmonic gold nanoparticles on a porous TiO2 film, studying their photocatalytic properties for further scaling, and obtaining large area Au/TiO2/FTO photoelectrodes, including in the roll-to-roll process.
Opisthorchis felineus or Siberian liver fluke is a trematode parasite (Opisthorchiidae) that infects the hepato-biliary system of humans and other mammals. Despite its public health significance, this wide-spread Eurasian species is one of the most poorly studied human liver flukes and nothing is known about its population genetic structure and demographic history. In this paper, we attempt to fill this gap for the first time and to explore the genetic diversity in O. felineus populations from Eastern Europe (Ukraine, European part of Russia), Northern Asia (Siberia) and Central Asia (Northern Kazakhstan). Analysis of marker DNA fragments from O. felineus mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 and 3 (cox1, cox3) and nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) sequences revealed that genetic diversity is very low across the large geographic range of this species. Microevolutionary processes in populations of trematodes may well be influenced by their peculiar biology. Nevertheless, we suggest that lack of population genetics structure observed in O. felineus can be primarily explained by the Pleistocene glacial events and subsequent sudden population growth from a very limited group of founders. Rapid range expansion of O. felineus through Asian and European territories after severe bottleneck points to a high dispersal potential of this trematode species.
Hall viscosity is a nondissipative response function describing momentum transport in two-dimensional (2D) systems with broken time-reversal symmetry. In the classical regime, Hall viscosity contributes to the viscous flow of 2D electrons in the presence of a magnetic field. We observe a pronounced, negative Hall resistivity at low magnetic field in a mesoscopic size, two-dimensional electron system, which is attributed to Hall viscosity in the inhomogeneous charge flow. Experimental results supported by a theoretical analysis confirm that the conditions for observation of Hall viscosity are correlated with predictions.
Three-wave interactions between Langmuir and electromagnetic waves in plasma with unstable electron flows are believed to be the main cause for type II and III solar radio emissions. The narrow band of type II bursts requires to assume that this radiation is generated in some local regions of shock fronts traveling in the solar corona, where the specific conditions for the enhancement of electromagnetic emissions near the plasma frequency harmonics are created. The reason for such enhancement at the second harmonic may be the formation of counter-streaming electron beams. There are different opinions in literature on whether the second harmonic electromagnetic emission in the presence of an additional beam can be efficient enough to markedly dominate emissions produced by a single beam. In the present paper, we carry out particle-in-cell simulations of the collision of two symmetric electron beams in plasma with open boundary conditions and show that the efficiency of beam-to-radiation power conversion can be significantly increased compared to models with periodic boundary conditions and reach the level of a few percent if three-wave interactions with electromagnetic waves near the second harmonic of the plasma frequency becomes available for the most unstable oblique beam driven modes.
The vast majority of the genetic variants (mainly SNPs) associated with various human traits and diseases map to a noncoding part of the genome and are enriched in its regulatory compartment, suggesting that many causal variants may affect gene expression. The leading mechanism of action of these SNPs consists in the alterations in the transcription factor binding via creation or disruption of transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) or some change in the affinity of these regulatory proteins to their cognate sites. In this review, we first focus on the history of the discovery of regulatory SNPs (rSNPs) and systematized description of the existing methodical approaches to their study. Then, we brief the recent comprehensive examples of rSNPs studied from the discovery of the changes in the TFBS sequence as a result of a nucleotide substitution to identification of its effect on the target gene expression and, eventually, to phenotype. We also describe state-of-the-art genome-wide approaches to identification of regulatory variants, including both making molecular sense of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and the alternative approaches the primary goal of which is to determine the functionality of genetic variants. Among these approaches, special attention is paid to expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) analysis and the search for allele-specific events in RNA-seq (ASE events) as well as in ChIP-seq, DNase-seq, and ATAC-seq (ASB events) data.
Background . the presence of functionally significant intron mutations in the TP53 gene was demonstrated in experiments in vitro and on samples of patients with some variants of non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas. to date, the studies of TP53 in tumor tissue of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (dlBCl) have been focused on the mutations in 5–8 exons of the gene. For these reasons, further studies of the spectrum of changes in the intron sequences of the TP53 gene and the determination of their functional effect in dlBCl are required. Description . We present two case reports that are of interest as the cases for detection of functionally significant intron TP53 mutations in dlBCl tissue, first published in the Russian scientific literature. the first clinical case of dlBCl was clinically characterized by extranodal tumor at the onset of the disease, severe symptoms of tumor intoxication, high paraclinical tumor activity, and early hemoblastosis recurrence. the second case of dlBCl was characterized by initially massive tumor lesion, rapidly progressive course of the disease, severe symptoms of tumor intoxication, high paraclinical tumor activity and poor response to therapy with subsequent generalization of lymphoma. Conclusion . Mutations in the TP53 gene are the driver of the tumor process, serve not only as a marker of aggressive tumor progression, but also as an independent predictor of reduced sensitivity to treatment. the presented clinical cases show that an in-depth analysis of the results of the TP53 sequencing in tumors and functional assessment of all detected changes, including changes in the introns of the gene and involving in silico analysis techniques, are necessary.
The dependence of porosity and durability of Al2O3 on various organic additives (ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, glycerin, industrial oil and their combinations) was shown. Some of results were used to synthesize 3D-structured catalysts.
We demonstrate, to next-to-leading order accuracy, the cancellation of the infrared singularities in the impact factors which arise in the QCD description of high energy processes A + B -> A' + B' of colourless particles. We study the example where A is a virtual photon in detail, but show that the result is true in general.
Based on the Inspec's data, the results of information search carried out using specialized terms, after studying the dynamics of their use for 2000-2011 years of publications, were diagnosed; analyses of publishing interactions among SB RAS scientific centers are shown. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2227-930X-2012-1-13
Trace amounts of water dissolved in minerals affect density, viscosity and melting behaviour of the Earth’s mantle and play an important role in global tectonics, magmatism and volatile cycle. Water concentrations and the ratios of hydrogen isotopes in the mantle give insight into these processes, as well as into the origin of terrestrial water. Here we show the presence of molecular H 2 in minerals (omphacites) from eclogites from the Kaapvaal and Siberian cratons. These omphacites contain both high amounts of H 2 (70 to 460 wt. ppm) and OH. Furthermore, their ∂D values increase with dehydration, suggesting a positive H isotope fractionation factor between minerals and H 2 –bearing fluid, contrary to what is expected in case of isotopic exchange between minerals and H 2 O-fluids. The possibility of incorporation of large quantities of H as H 2 in nominally anhydrous minerals implies that the storage capacity of H in the mantle may have been underestimated, and sheds new light on H isotope variations in mantle magmas and minerals.
. The problem on internal waves in a weakly stratified two-layer fluid is studied semi-analytically. We discuss the 2.5-layer fluid flows with exponential stratification of both layers. The long-wave model describing travelling waves is constructed by means of a scaling procedure with a small Boussinesq parameter. It is demonstrated that solitary-wave regimes can be affected by the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability arising due to interfacial velocity shear in upstream flow.
The present paper reports on analysis of flow structure and turbulent transport in swirling flames. The particle image velocimetry and spontaneous Raman scattering techniques were used for the measurements of 2D velocity and density distributions. The focus was placed on comparison between low- and high-swirl flows. A pronounced bubble-type vortex breakdown with strong flow precession took place in the latter case.
The article presents the DEA method. This method is used to assess the efficiency of socio-economic systems.

The features of its application for oil and gas companies are considered. The features of selecting the model parameters are described.

The advantages and disadvantages of this method are described.
the fundamental bases for striking off the Register

the striking off procedure, the law-enforcement practice

conclusions about the legal nature of striking off the Register of legal entities