Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
The project of the Super Charm-Tau (SCT) factory – a high-luminosity electron-positron collider for studying charmed hadrons and tau lepton – is proposed by Budker INP.

The project implies single collision point equipped with a universal particle detector. The Aurora software framework has been developed for the SCT detector. It is based on trusted and widely used in high energy physics software packages, such as Gaudi, Geant4, and ROOT. At the same time, new ideas and developments are employed, in particular the Aurora project benefits a lot from the turnkey software for future colliders (Key4HEP) initiative.

This paper describes the first release of the Aurora framework, summarizes its core technologies, structure and roadmap for the near future. From the hardware point of view the Budker INP general computing facility (BINP/GCF) providing the required computational and storage resources is described.
The knowledge about specific mechanisms generating TP53 dysfunction in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is limited. The aim of the current study was to comprehensively explore TP53 gene variability resulting from somatic mutations, promoter methylation, and allelic imbalance in tumorous tissue of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). DNA samples from 74 patients with DLBCL were used. Genomic DNA was isolated from paraffin blocks of lymph nodes or from extranodal biopsies of tumors by the phenol–chloroform extraction method with guanidine. Analysis of coding sequences of the TP53 gene was based on Sanger's direct sequencing method. The methylation status of the TP53 promoter was analyzed using by methylation-specific PCR on bisulfite-converted DNA. Assessment of the detected mutations was carried out in the IARC TP53 Database and the TP53 UMD mutation database of human cancer. The mutations in regions coding for the DNA-binding domain were prevalent (95%). In the analyzed sample of patients, codons 275, 155, 272, and 212 were hotspots of mutations in the TP53 gene. In addition, functionally significant intron mutations (IVS6-36G > C and IVS5 + 43G > T) were detected. Instances of TP53 promoter methylation were observed only in a few samples of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma tissue. Furthermore, loss of heterozygosity was revealed only in the subgroup of patients with altered status of the gene (mutations were detected in five patients and promoter methylation in one case). Thus, the results suggest that there are two sequential events in the formation of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in at least some cases. The first event is mutation or methylation of the TP53 promoter, leading to appearance of a cell with increased risk of malignant transformation. The second event is the loss of an intact allele of the gene; this change is necessary for tumorigenesis. We identified TP53 mutation patterns in a Russian cohort of patients with de novo DLBCL who were treated with R-CHOP and R-CHOP-like regimens and confirmed that TP53 mutation status is a valuable prognostic biomarker.
We reveal that synthetic photonic lattices based on coupled fiber loops can realize deep neural networks for coherent manipulation of optical pulse trains, which could lead to advances in communications and real-time data analysis.

We show the platform feasibility for an essential task of telecommunication signal equalization.

We also demonstrated that utilizing all-optical Kerr nonlinearity within the system may open a path to complex signal manipulation.
The derivation of stable multipotent trophoblast stem (TS) cell lines from preimplantation, and early postimplantation mouse embryos has been reported previously. FGF4, and its receptor FGFR2, have been identified as embryonic signaling factors responsible for the maintenance of the undifferentiated state of multipotent TS cells. Here we report the derivation of stable TS-like cell lines from the vole M. rossiaemeridionalis, in the absence of FGF4 and heparin. Vole TS-like cells are similar to murine TS cells with respect to their morphology, transcription factor gene expression and differentiation in vitro into derivatives of the trophectoderm lineage, and with respect to their ability to invade and erode host tissues, forming haemorrhagic tumours after subcutaneous injection into nude mice. Moreover, vole TS-like cells carry an inactive paternal X chromosome, indicating that they have undergone imprinted X inactivation, which is characteristic of the trophoblast lineage. Our results indicate that an alternative signaling pathway may be responsible for the establishment and stable proliferation of vole TS-like cells.
In the present study the copy number variation of VRN1 was analyzed in accessions of tetraploid wheat T. dicoccum and hexaploid wheat T. spelta.

For this purpose, a PCR approach based on end-point quantification was developed and the results obtained were confirmed in a qPCR assay.

The duplication of the vrn-Ab.3and Vrn-A1b.2 alleles in T. dicoccum and T. spelta has been shown for the first time.Furthermore, in accessions of T. spelta the duplication of Vrn-A1b.2 was strongly associated with the awnless spikes and Vrn-B1c genotype, indicating a likely common origin of these accessions.Variation of the Vrn-A1b.2haploid copy number can provide additional advantages in manipulation of flowering time of wheat.
The addition of KNO3reduces the dehydration temperature of Ca(OH)2which is of interest for thermochemical heat storage.
Top quark production in the forward region in proton-proton collisions is observed for the first time.

The $W+b$ final state with $W\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\nu}$ is reconstructed using muons with a transverse momentum, ${p}_{T}$, larger than 25 GeV in the pseudorapidity range $2.0<\ensuremath{\eta}<4.5$. The $b$ jets are required to have $50<{p}_{T}<100\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$ and $2.2<\ensuremath{\eta}<4.2$, and to be separated from the muon by $\ensuremath{\Delta}R>0.5$. The results are based on data corresponding to integrated luminosities of 1.0 and $2.0\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ collected at center-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV by LHCb.

The inclusive top quark production cross sections in the fiducial region are $\ensuremath{\sigma}(\text{top})[7\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}]=239\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}53(\text{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}33(\text{syst})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}24(\text{theory})\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{fb},\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\sigma}(\text{top})[8\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}]=289\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}43(\text{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}40(\text{syst})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}29(\text{theory})\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{fb}.$These results, along with the observed differential yields and charge asymmetries, are in agreement with next-to-leading order standard model predictions.
Due to the revival of interest to the development of fast reactors cooled by liquid metals, the theoretical research for improving their safety is actual. A detailed calculation of all stages of an accident from the beginning to the end requires knowledge of the laws for modelling physical processes occurring in the reactor in case of emergency. The most serious are accidents with core destruction. Simulation of a severe accident in a nuclear reactor is the key element in safety analysis of nuclear power plants. Destruction of fuel rods is one of the most important processes during core degradation that should be calculated. For different types of fuels the mechanisms of the degradation are different too. For example, oxide and metallic fuels usually melt congruently at high temperature, but nitride fuel dissociates. The main objective of the proposed research is to develop models and numerical algorithms for calculation of the destruction of fuel rods with oxide, metallic and nitride fuels. The models of destruction and some calculation results are presented in the paper. The processes are investigated for the first phase of severe accidents, covering the period from the onset of fuel-rod melting to the melt escape from the core center.
An approach for true-amplitude seismic beam imaging of multicomponent seismic data in 2-D anisotropic elastic media is presented and discussed. Here, the recovered true-amplitude function is a scattering potential. This approach is a migration procedure based on the weighted summation of pre-stack data. The true-amplitude weights are computed by applying Gaussian beams (GBs). We shoot a pair of properly chosen GBs with a fixed dip and opening angles from the current imaging point towards an acquisition system. This pair of beams is used to compute a true-amplitude selective image of a rapid velocity variation. The total true-amplitude image is constructed by superimposing selective images computed for a range of available dip angles. The global regularity of the GBs allows one to disregard whether a ray field is regular or irregular. P- and S-wave GBs can be used to handle raw multicomponent data without separating the waves. The use of anisotropic GBs allows one to take into account the anisotropy of the background model.
It is shown that co-linear injection of electrons or positrons into the wakefield of the self-modulating particle beam is possible and ensures high energy gain. The witness beam must co-propagate with the tail part of the driver, since the plasma wave phase velocity there can exceed the light velocity, which is necessary for efficient acceleration.

If the witness beam is many wakefield periods long, then the trapped charge is limited by beam loading effects. For efficient trapping of electrons, the plasma boundary must be sharp, with the density transition region shorter than several centimeters.

The initial trapping is better for positrons, but at the acceleration stage a considerable fraction of positrons is lost from the wave. Positrons are not susceptible to the initial plasma density gradient.
Nuclear spin polarization can be significantly increased through the process of hyperpolarization, leading to an increase in the sensitivity of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments by 4-8 orders of magnitude.

Hyperpolarized gases, unlike liquids and solids, can often be readily separated and purified from the compounds used to mediate the hyperpolarization processes. Additionally, hyperpolarized gases can be dissolved in liquids and can be used as sensitive molecular probes and reporters.

These pure hyperpolarized gases enabled many novel MRI applications including the visualization of void spaces, imaging of lung function, and remote detection. This Minireview covers the fundamentals of the preparation of hyperpolarized gases and focuses on selected applications of interest to biomedicine and materials science.
We connect topological changes that can occur in $3$-space via surgery, with black hole formation, the formation of wormholes and new generalizations of these phenomena, including relationships between quantum entanglement and wormhole formation. By considering the initial manifold as the $3$-dimensional spatial section of spacetime, we describe the changes of topology occurring in these processes by determining the resulting $3$-manifold and its fundamental group. As these global changes are induced by local processes, we use the local form of Morse functions to provide an algebraic formulation of their temporal evolution and propose a potential energy function which, in some cases, could give rise to the local forces related to surgery. We further show how this topological perspective gives new insight for natural phenomena exhibiting surgery, in all dimensions, while emphasizing the $3$-dimensional case, which describes cosmic phenomena. This work makes new bridges between topology and natural sciences and creates a platform for exploring geometrical physics.
Pathogenic variants in the GJB2 gene, encoding connexin 26, are known to be a major cause of hearing impairment (HI). More than 300 allelic variants have been identified in the GJB2 gene. Spectrum and allelic frequencies of the GJB2 gene vary significantly among different ethnic groups worldwide. Until now, the spectrum and frequency of the pathogenic variants in exon 1, exon 2 and the flanking intronic regions of the GJB2 gene have not been described thoroughly in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia), which is located in a subarctic region in Russia. The complete sequencing of the non-coding and coding regions of the GJB2 gene was performed in 393 patients with HI (Yakuts—296, Russians—51, mixed and other ethnicities—46) and in 187 normal hearing individuals of Yakut (n = 107) and Russian (n = 80) populations. In the total sample (n = 580), we revealed 12 allelic variants of the GJB2 gene, 8 of which were recessive pathogenic variants. Ten genotypes with biallelic recessive pathogenic variants in the GJB2 gene (in a homozygous or a compound heterozygous state) were found in 192 out of 393 patients (48.85%). We found that the most frequent GJB2 pathogenic variant in the Yakut patients was c.-23+1G>A (51.82%) and that the second most frequent was c.109G>A (2.37%), followed by c.35delG (1.64%). Pathogenic variants с.35delG (22.34%), c.-23+1G>A (5.31%), and c.313_326del14 (2.12%) were found to be the most frequent among the Russian patients. The carrier frequencies of the c.-23+1G>A and с.109G>A pathogenic variants in the Yakut control group were 10.20% and 2.80%, respectively. The carrier frequencies of с.35delG and c.101T>C were identical (2.5%) in the Russian control group. We found that the contribution of the GJB2 gene pathogenic variants in HI in the population of the Sakha Republic (48.85%) was the highest among all of the previously studied regions of Asia. We suggest that extensive accumulation of the c.-23+1G>A pathogenic variant in the indigenous Yakut population (92.20% of all mutant chromosomes in patients) and an extremely high (10.20%) carrier frequency in the control group may indicate a possible selective advantage for the c.-23+1G>A carriers living in subarctic climate.
The rate‐limiting enzyme of serotonin biosynthesis, tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH), was studied in brain areas of male mice with repeated experience of victory (winners) or defeat (losers) gained in 10 daily agonistic confrontations.

The sensory contact technique used in this work for generating winners and losers may be productive in the analysis of TPH gene regulation.

A reduction of TPH activity in the midbrain and an increase in the hypothalamus was demonstrated for winners compared with controls. In contrast, repeated defeat in social confrontations was associated with higher TPH activity in the striatum and hypothalamus in losers compared with controls. Agonistic interactions did not affect TPH activity in the amygdala, nucleus accumbens or hippocampus in either winners or losers.
The first alkyl chain‐anchored heteropentacene, dithieno[2,3‐ d ;2′,3′‐ d ′]benzo‐[1,2‐ b ;3,4‐ b ′]dithiophene (DT m BDT), mono‐ or disubstituted with a nitronyl nitroxide group has been prepared through a cross‐coupling synthetic procedure of the corresponding dibromo‐derivative (Br 2 ‐DT m BDT) with a nitronyl nitroxide‐2‐ide gold(I) complex.

The synthesized nitroxides possess high kinetic stability, which allowed us to investigate their structure and thermal, optical, electrochemical, and magnetic properties. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction of both mono‐ and diradicals revealed that the nitronyl nitroxide group lies almost in the same plane as the nearest side thiophene ring. Such arrangement favors formation of edge‐to‐edge dimers, which then form close π‐stacks surrounded by interdigitating alkyl chains.

Before melting, these nitronyl nitroxide radical substituted molecules undergo at least two different phase transitions (PTs): for the monoradical, PTs are reversible, accompanied by hysteresis, and occur near 13 and 83 °C; the diradical upon heating shows a reversible PT with hysteresis in the temperature range 2–11 °C and an irreversible PT near 135 °C. PTs of this type are absent in Br 2 ‐DT m BDT. Therefore, the step‐by‐step substitution of bromine atoms by nitronyl nitroxide groups changes the structural organization of DT m BDT and induces the emergence of PTs. This knowledge may facilitate crystal engineering of π‐stacked paramagnets and related molecular spin devices.
Conceptually new methods of hydrate formation are proposed.

The first one is based on the shock wave impact on a water-bubble medium. It is shown that the hydrate formation rate in this process is typically very high. A gas hydrate of carbon dioxide was produced. The process was experimentally studied using various initial conditions, as well as different external action magnitudes. The obtained experimental data are in good agreement with the proposed model. Other methods are based on the process of boiling liquefied gas in an enclosed volume of water (explosive boiling of a hydrating agent and the organization of cyclic boiling-condensation process). The key features of the methods are the high hydrate formation rate combined with a comparatively low power consumption leading to a great expected efficiency of the technologies based on them. The set of experiments was carried out. Gas hydrates of refrigerant R134a, carbon dioxide and propane were produced.

The investigation of decomposition of a generated gas hydrate sample was made. The criteria of intensification of the hydrate formation process are formulated.
Profound data confusion is reported for the paper by Smýkal et al. (Genomic diversity and macroecology of the crop wild relatives of domesticated pea. Scientific Reports 7, 17384; 2017) which challenges the validity of its scientific conclusion and the data reported.
Beginning from 2011, experiments are carrying out at the low energy e + e -collider VEPP-2000 in the energy range 0.3÷2.0GeV.

New results on e + e -→ hadrons cross sections are presented, including e + e -→ π + π -, K + K -, π + π -π 0 , ηK + K -, p p, n n etc ...

Applications of the obtained results are discussed.
We report a measurement of the CP-violation parameter sin2φ1 at the Υ(5S) resonance using a new tagging method, called "B-π tagging." In Υ(5S) decays containing a neutral B meson, a charged B, and a charged pion, the neutral B is reconstructed in the J/ψK(S)(0) CP-eigenstate decay channel.

The initial flavor of the neutral B meson at the moment of the Υ(5S) decay is opposite to that of the charged B and may thus be inferred from the charge of the pion without reconstructing the charged B. From the asymmetry between B-π(+) and B-π(-) tagged J/ψK(S)(0) yields

we determine sin2φ1=0.57±0.58(stat)±0.06(syst). The results are based on 121 fb(-1) of data recorded by the Belle detector at the KEKB e(+)e(-) collider.
GaAs thermal smoothing by annealing in conditions which are close to equilibrium between the surface and vapors of As and Ga was earlier proved to be effective for the step-terraced surface formation on epi-ready substrates with a small root-mean-square roughness (Rq ≤ 0.15 nm).

In the present study, this technique is further developed in order to reduce the annealing duration and to smooth GaAs samples with a larger initial roughness. To this end, we proposed a two-stage anneal with the first high-temperature stage aimed at smoothing 'coarse' relief features and the second stage focused on 'fine' smoothing at a lower temperature. The optimal temperatures and durations of two-stage annealing are found by Monte Carlo simulations and adjusted after experimentation.

It is proved that the temperature and duration of the first high-temperature stage are restricted by the surface roughening, which occurs due to deviations from equilibrium conditions.
The ability of a hexanuclear molybdenum cluster, [Mo6I8(CH3COO)6]2-, to carry out, upon irradiation, singlet oxygen mediated photocatalytic oxygenation reactions has been tested. This complex has been also supported on a solid polymeric matrix, yielding an immobilized photosensitizer with remarkable photostability and recyclability. Preliminary studies of antibacterial photoinactivation of Staphylococcus aureus have been conducted, with positive results.
Experimental study results of two parallel turbulent jets and a set of discrete jets evenly distributed over a circle are presented. Distributions of averaged velocities and their pulsations were obtained and analysed. It was shown that in the case of a discrete annular jet, the flow structure changes significantly, and the distribution of average velocities indicates the presence of the large-scale vortex structure on the jet axis.
At present time Budker INP is developing a Super Charm-Tau factory project, which consists of a high-luminosity collider with the luminosity of 1035 cm−2s−1 and a universal magnetic detector. The tracking system of the detector will comprise of an Inner Tracker (IT) and a Drift Chamber (DC). One of the options for IT is Time Projection Chamber (TPC). The advantages of the TPC are high spatial resolution and particle identification capabilities by registration of dE/dx losses. However, using a Time Projection Chamber implies serious challenges. For example, the TPC have to simultaneously deal with tracks from several thousands events and maintain the enormous data rate. This work describes the results of the Monte-Carlo studies of the transport characteristics in various gas mixtures proposed for TPC. Besides of this, the simulation of the ion back flow and its effect on spatial resolution will be reported.
This work continues a series of publications on the task approach in artificial intelligence. As noted earlier, the agent-based approach described in the monograph by Stuart Russell and Pieter Norwig “Artificial Intelligence. The Modern Approach", may be more argumentatively presented within the framework of the task approach.

This paper will show that not only the problems of the bases of mathematics and artificial intelligence, but also many cognitive functions performed by humans and analyzed in cognitive sciences, can also be described and studied within the framework of the task approach. In particular, this paper shows that the analogue of the concept of task in cognitive sciences is the concept of goal and that the Functional Systems Theory (FST), which describes purposeful behavior, can be presented as the brain's solution of tasks to achieve goals and satisfaction of needs.

It gives the chance to compare directly the tasks of artificial intellect with natural cognitive processes and, thereby, to reveal the list of those tasks of "natural" intellect and schemes of their solution which can be successfully used for the solution of artificial intelligence tasks.
The results of the investigation on the accumulation of cadmium by water hyacinth, depending on the conditions of pollutant exposure and the presence of various additives are discussed.

The main specialty of this study is that all the experiments were carried out in natural conditions using the approach based on the application of the capacities called minicosms. It allowed estimating hit consequences of pollutant on ecosystem most really having made experiment in the conditions as much as possible close to the natural. In this article a very important problem of an accuracy and reliability of the results of trace elements determination in plants is also debated.

As a result of carried investigations it was shown that the degree of cadmium extraction by hyacinth from contaminated natural water while maintaining the viability of the plants depends on the way of pollutant introducing into the reservoir and the maximum (about 79%) value is observed in the case of it’s gradual entry.