Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Genes for height have gained interest for decades, but only recently have candidate genes started to be identified. We have performed linkage analysis and genome-wide association for height in approximately 4000 individuals from five European populations. A total of five chromosomal regions showed suggestive linkage and in one of these regions, two SNPs (rs849140 and rs1635852) were associated with height (nominal P = 7.0 × 10 −8 and P = 9.6 × 10 −7 , respectively). In total, five SNPs across the genome showed an association with height that reached the threshold of genome-wide significance (nominal P < 1.6 × 10 −7 ). The association with height was replicated for two SNPs (rs1635852 and rs849140) using three independent studies ( n = 31 077, n =1268 and n = 5746) with overall meta P -values of 9.4 × 10 −10 and 5.3 × 10 −8 . These SNPs are located in the JAZF1 gene, which has recently been associated with type II diabetes, prostate and endometrial cancer. JAZF1 is a transcriptional repressor of NR2C2 , which results in low IGF1 serum concentrations, perinatal and early postnatal hypoglycemia and growth retardation when knocked out in mice. Both the linkage and association analyses independently identified the JAZF1 region affecting human height. We have demonstrated, through replication in additional independent populations, the consistency of the effect of the JAZF1 SNPs on height. Since this gene also has a key function in the metabolism of growth, JAZF1 represents one of the strongest candidates influencing human height identified so far.
The nyerereite structure has been compared both with the commensurately modulated structure of K-free Na2Ca(CO3)2 and with the widely known incommensurately modulated structure of γ-Na2CO3.

The incommensurately modulated twin structure of nyerereite Na1.64K0.36Ca(CO3)2 has been first determined in the (3 + 1)-dimensional symmetry group Cmcm(α00)00s with modulation vector q = 0.383a*. Unit-cell values are a = 5.062 (1), b = 8.790 (1), c = 12.744 (1) Å. Three orthorhombic components are related by threefold rotation about [001]. Discontinuous crenel functions are used to describe the occupation modulation of Ca and some CO3 groups. The strong displacive modulation of the O atoms in vertexes of such CO3 groups is described using x-harmonics in crenel intervals. The Na, K atoms occupy mixed sites whose occupation modulation is described in two ways using either complementary harmonic functions or crenels.

The incommensurately modulated twin structure of nyerereite Na1.64K0.36Ca(CO3)2 has been first determined in the (3 + 1)-dimensional symmetry group Cmcm(α00)00s with modulation vector q = 0.383a*.
We develop a method of synthetic frequency generation to construct an atomic clock with blackbody radiation (BBR) shift uncertainties below 10 −19 at environmental conditions with a very low level of temperature control. The proposed method can be implemented for atoms and ions, which have two different clock transitions with frequencies ν 1 and ν 2 allowing to form a synthetic reference frequency ν syn = ( ν 1 − ɛν 2 )/(1 − ɛ ), which is absent in the spectrum of the involved atoms or ions. Calibration coefficient ɛ can be chosen such that the temperature dependence of the BBR shift for the synthetic frequency ν syn has a local extremum at an arbitrary operating temperature T 0 . This leads to a weak sensitivity of BBR shift with respect to the temperature variations near operating temperature T 0 . As a specific example, the Yb + ion is studied in detail, where the utilized optical clock transitions are of electric quadrupole ( S → D ) and octupole ( S → F ) type. In this case, temperature variations of ±7 K lead to BBR shift uncertainties of less than 10 −19 , showing the possibility to construct ultra-precise combined atomic clocks (including portable ones) without the use of cryogenic techniques.
Redox reactions of [(L 1,2 Mg) 2 ] and Sb 2 R 4 (R=Me, Et) yielded the first Mg‐substituted realgar‐type Sb 8 polystibides [(L 1,2 Mg) 4 (μ 4 ,η 2:2:2:2 ‐Sb 8 )] (L 1 =HC[C(Me)N(2,4,6‐Me 3 C 6 H 2 )] 2 , L 2 =HC[C(Me)N(2,6‐ i ‐Pr 2 C 6 H 3 )] 2 ). Compounds [(L 1,2 Mg) 2 ] serve both as reducing agents, initiating the cleavage of the Sb−C bonds, and as stabilizers for the resulting Sb 8 polyanion. The polystibides were characterized by NMR and IR spectroscopies, elemental analysis, and X‐ray structure analysis. In addition, results from quantum chemical calculations are presented.
In the present work free convective air flow in the two-dimensional cavity with three different aspect ratios (AR) are investigated using direct numerical simulation. The bottom wall is assumed to be kept at a uniform higher temperature than that of the top wall and the other two vertical walls are assumed to be thermally insulated. The computations are conducted for Rayleigh number (Ra) values from 103 to 106. Convective schemes are compared and Self Filtered Central Differencing Scheme is used to discretize convective term. Parallel computing MPI code is adapted to run the simulations. An attempt has been made to gather the visualization techniques such as streamlines, isotherms, energy streamlines and field synergy principle to analyse the flow behaviour inside the cavity. When Ra is small, the vertical energy streamlines are observed in the cavity. As Ra further increased, the free energy streamlines observed at the boundary and the trapped energy streamlines at the centre in the horizontal direction. For a fixed Ra, and increasing AR, the average synergy angle increases. This indicates synergy or the coordination between velocity magnitude and temperature field gets decreased and leads to the growth of heat transfer rate. The field synergy principle implies by enhancing the synergy between the velocity vector and temperature gradient.
Metre-scale plasma wakefield accelerators have imparted energy gain approaching 10 gigaelectronvolts to single nano-Coulomb electron bunches. To reach useful average currents, however, the enormous energy density that the driver deposits into the wake must be removed efficiently between shots. Yet mechanisms by which wakes dissipate their energy into surrounding plasma remain poorly understood.

Here, we report ps-time-resolved, grazing-angle optical shadowgraphic measurements and large-scale particle-in-cell simulations of ion channels emerging from broken wakes that electron bunches from the SLAC linac generate in tenuous lithium plasma.

Measurements show the channel boundary expands radially at 1 million metres-per-second for over a nanosecond. Simulations show that ions and electrons that the original wake propels outward, carrying 90 percent of its energy, drive this expansion by impact-ionizing surrounding neutral lithium. The results provide a basis for understanding global thermodynamics of multi-GeV plasma accelerators, which underlie their viability for applications demanding high average beam current.
Under the third screening of the WHO MONICA-psychosocial program (MOPSY) random representative sample including both genders aged 25–64 years was surveyed in Novosibirsk in 1994 (n = 1346, 48.8% males; mean age 44,9 ± 0,4 years). Indices of close contacts (ICC) and social relations (SNI) were evaluated at the baseline by Berkman-Syme test.

New-onset arterial hypertension (AH) and stroke incidences were identified over 16-years (1994–2010yy) of follow-up in cohort.

Males more likely have low level of ICC and females are low SNI. Males had higher risk of AH over first 5 years of follow-up but long-term risk was non-significant. Social inequalities influenced on stroke risk differently in both gender.
The primary focus of this paper is to investigate the interaction between simultaneously propagating multiple fractures, initiated from an inclined well. In particular, the aim is to better understand the influence of the well inclination angle on the stress shadow between the fractures and on the overall resulting geometry of individual cracks. To simplify the analysis, the paper assumes the limit of large perforation friction, which leads to a uniform flux distribution between the fractures. The mathematical model for multiple hydraulic fractures is constructed by coupling together the respective models for individual fractures, each representing a single planar fracture model. In this approach, the fracture induced stress or stress shadow from a previous time step is used as an input for a given single hydraulic fracture to propagate independently. Further, to reduce computational burden, the effects associated with tangential stresses and displacements are neglected, whereby the stress interaction between the fractures is solely described by the normal opening and the normal stress component. Numerical results are presented for the storage viscosity dominated regime, whereby the effects of toughness and leak-off are negligible. An interesting behaviour is observed, demonstrating that the well inclination angle plays a significant role on the overall fracture symmetry. For zero inclination, all the fractures are nearly symmetrical and identical. However, once well inclination is introduced, this breaks the symmetry, making a profound effect on the final result.
The $CP$-violating weak phase $ϕ_\mathrm{s}$ and the decay width difference $ΔΓ_\mathrm{s}$ between the light and heavy B$^0_\mathrm{s}$ mass eigenstates are measured with the CMS detector at the LHC in a sample of 48 500 reconstructed B$^0_\mathrm{s}$ $\to$ J$/ψ\, ϕ$(1020) $\to$ $μ^+μ^-$K$^+$K$^-$ events. The measurement is based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 96.4 fb$^{-1}$, collected in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV in 2017-2018. To extract the values of $ϕ_\mathrm{s}$ and $ΔΓ_\mathrm{s}$, a time-dependent and flavor-tagged angular analysis of the $μ^+μ^-$K$^+$K$^-$ final state is performed. The analysis employs a dedicated tagging trigger and a novel opposite-side muon flavor tagger based on machine learning techniques. The measurement yields $ϕ_\mathrm{s} = -$11 $\pm$ 50 (stat) $\pm$ 10 (syst) mrad and $ΔΓ_\mathrm{s} =$ 0.114 $\pm$ 0.014 (stat) $\pm$ 0.007 (syst) ps$^{-1}$, in agreement with the standard model predictions. When combined with the previous CMS measurement at $\sqrt{s} =$ 8 TeV, the following values are obtained: $ϕ_\mathrm{s} = -$21 $\pm$ 44 (stat) $\pm$ 10 (syst) mrad, $ΔΓ_\mathrm{s} =$ 0.1032 $\pm$ 0.0095 (stat) $\pm$ 0.0048 (syst) ps$^{-1}$, a significant improvement over the 8 TeV result.
The vascular system of the brain has a complex structure. One of the most important of its parts is the Willis' circle. In the article, we consider the effect of type 1 diabetes mellitus duration 1 and 2 months on the angiarchitectonics of the Willis' circle of NODSCID mice. MRA data was supplemented with mathematical post-processing. On the basis of the 3D images of blood vessels of the brain, their geometrical characteristics — angles of the vessels and the area of their orthogonal cross-sections were measured. Based on the data obtained, the following conclusions can be made: for animals with a disease development period of 1 month, there are no significant differences in the architectonics of the Willis' circle. However, with the duration of the disease for 2 months, diabetes begins to affect the architectonics of major vessels of the brain.
It is generally assumed that different electroencephalogram (EEG) frequency bands are somehow related to different computational modes in the brain. Integration of these computational modes is reflected in the phenomenon of cross-frequency coupling (CFC). On slow temporal scales, CFC may reflect trait-like properties, which posits a question of its developmental trends. This is the first study that explored source-level CFC measures in a developmental perspective using both cross-sectional and longitudinal designs. CFC measures demonstrated good test-retest stability and proved to be higher in adults in cortical areas participating in sensory-motor integration, response inhibition, and attentional control. In children, greater CFC was observed in parietal regions involved in self-centered cognition. Over the period from 7 to 10 years, CFC demonstrated nonlinear growth trajectories. Introversion was associated with higher CFC in cortical areas related to emotion, attention, and social cognition, implying that the association between introversion and CFC appears early in the development.
Background The Hi-C technique is widely employed to study the 3-dimensional chromatin architecture and to assemble genomes. The conventional in situ Hi-C protocol employs restriction enzymes to digest chromatin, which results in nonuniform genomic coverage. Using sequence-agnostic restriction enzymes, such as DNAse I, could help to overcome this limitation. Results In this study, we compare different DNAse Hi-C protocols and identify the critical steps that significantly affect the efficiency of the protocol. In particular, we show that the SDS quenching strategy strongly affects subsequent chromatin digestion. The presence of biotinylated oligonucleotide adapters may lead to ligase reaction by-products, which can be avoided by rational design of the adapter sequences. Moreover, the use of nucleotide-exchange enzymes for biotin fill-in enables simultaneous labelling and repair of DNA ends, similar to the conventional Hi-C protocol. These improvements simplify the protocol, making it less expensive and time-consuming. Conclusions We propose a new robust protocol for the preparation of DNAse Hi-C libraries from cultured human cells and blood samples supplemented with experimental controls and computational tools for the evaluation of library quality.
Naked mole rat (NMR) is the long-lived and tumor-resistant rodent. NMRs possess multiple adaptations that may contribute to longevity and cancer-resistance. However, whether NMRs have more efficient DNA repair have not been directly tested.

Here we compared base excision repair (BER) and nucleotide excision repair (NER) systems in extracts from NMR and mouse fibroblasts after UVC irradiation. Transcript levels of the key repair enzymes demonstrated in most cases higher inducibility in the mouse vs the NMR cells. Ratios of repair enzymes activities in the extracts somewhat varied depending on post-irradiation time. NMR cell extracts were 2-3-fold more efficient at removing the bulky lesions, 1.5-3-fold more efficient at removing uracil, and about 1.4-fold more efficient at cleaving the AP-site than the mouse cells, while DNA polymerase activities being as a whole higher in the mouse demonstrate different patterns of product distribution. The level of poly(ADP-ribose) synthesis was 1.4-1.8-fold higher in the NMR cells. Furthermore, NMR cell extracts displayed higher binding of PARP1 to DNA probes containing apurinic/apyrimidinic site or photo-reactive DNA lesions.

Cumulatively, our results suggest that the NMR has more efficient excision repair systems than the mouse, which may contribute to longevity and cancer resistance of this species.
We present a rigorous justification for the applicability of the recently developed methods of generalized autobalanced Ramsey spectroscopy (GABRS) [V. I. Yudin et al., Phys. Rev. Appl. 9, 054034 (2018)] and combined error signal in Ramsey spectroscopy (CESRS) [ , New J. Phys. 20, 123016 (2018)] for resonances of coherent population trapping (CPT). A protocol of modified combined error signal for CPT resonances is also proposed, in which two successive interrogations of atoms under different times of free evolution are integrated in one cycle. The implementation of the GABRS and CESRS methods in a compact atomic clock based on the CPT effect allows us to significantly suppress the light shift and its fluctuation, which will lead to an improvement in the long-term stability and accuracy of these devices. Moreover, these spectroscopic schemes are insensitive to various distortions of the pulse shape, relaxation processes, errors in the generation of phase jumps, etc., which provides their high reliability and immunity to perturbations.
The ${B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}^{+}{K}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ decay is observed in a data sample corresponding to $3.0\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of $pp$ collision data recorded by the LHCb experiment during 2011 and 2012. The signal significance is $8\ensuremath{\sigma}$ and the branching fraction is measured to be $\mathcal{B}({B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}^{+}{K}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}})=(5.31\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.90\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.48\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.35)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$, where the uncertainties are statistical, systematic and due to the normalization mode ${B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}^{\ensuremath{-}}{K}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$, respectively. The Dalitz plot appears to be dominated by broad structures. Angular distributions are exploited to search for quasi-two-body contributions from ${B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}_{2}^{*}(2460{)}^{0}{K}^{+}$ and ${B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}^{+}{K}^{*}(892{)}^{0}$ decays. No significant signals are observed and upper limits are set on their branching fractions.
The paper presents the results obtained during the study of using digital technologies and successful practices of digitalization to increase efficiency of agricultural production and food products. Based on the analysis of economic publications of EconLit database in JEL macro categories as at the end of 2018, it has been revealed that the number of foreign and domestic publications on digitalization of agro-food complex for the period 2010-2018 is generally insufficient, with no any significant increase in the publications in this category being found. The proposed approach for the first time links such categories as digital technology, needs and agro-food complex by taking into account a set of consumer characteristics of agricultural and food products and production technologies. In order to assess the sectoral digital needs, the article considers such significant characteristics as the end-product complexity index, high value added products environment within the product category and their relationship with production technologies. The study proposes a methodology for determining digital priorities of agro-food products based on such characteristics as complexity index of products, product environment and its relationship with production technologies. The proposed approach develops the modern theory of economic complexity and allows us to assess the possibilities of using artificial intelligence technologies and big data analysis based on the linkage between upstream and downstream in value chain cycle activities.
Background When cyclophosphamide and preparations of fragmented exogenous genomic double stranded DNA were administered in sequence, the regressive effect on the tumor was synergic: this combined treatment had a more pronounced effect than cyclophosphamide alone. Our further studies demonstrated that exogenous DNA stimulated the maturation and specific activities of dendritic cells. This suggests that cyclophosphamide, combined with DNA, leads to an immune response to the tumors that were grafted into the subjects post treatment. Methods Three-month old CBA/Lac mice were used in the experiments. The mice were injected with cyclosphamide (200 mkg per 1 kg body weight) and genomic DNA (of human, mouse or salmon sperm origin). The DNA was administered intraperitoneally or subcutaneously. After 23 to 60 days, one million tumor cells were intramuscularly grafted into the mice. In the final experiment, the mice were pre-immunized by subcutaneous injections of 20 million repeatedly thawed and frozen tumor cells. Changes in tumor growth were determined by multiplying the three perpendicular diameters (measured by caliper). Students' t-tests were used to determine the difference between tumor growth and average survival rate between the mouse groups and the controls. Results An analysis of varying treatments with cyclophosphamide and exogenous DNA, followed by tumor grafting, provided evidence that this combined treatment had an immunizing effect. This inhibitory effect in mice was analyzed in an experiment with the classical immunization of a tumor homogenate. The strongest inhibitory action on a transplanted graft was created through the following steps: cyclophosphamide at 200 mg/kg of body weight administered as a pretreatment; 6 mg fragmented exogenous DNA administered over the course of 3 days; tumor homogenate grafted 10 days following the final DNA injection. Conclusion Fragmented exogenous DNA injected with cyclophosphamide inhibits the growth of tumors that are grafted to mice after this combined treatment.
We perform Large-eddy simulations (LES) of turbulent variable-density jets. A fully developed turbulent pipe flow of air at the Reynolds number of Re = 5300 enters a large reservoir of air, helium or carbon dioxide. The impulsely starting jets as well as the fully developed stationary flows are considered. In the first case we show that the air stream propagates faster in the light medium of helium as compared to other gas pairs, while in the fully developed case the same helium-air pair exhibits the lowest level of turbulent fluctuations.
The presence of awns on the ear is associated with a number of important plant properties, such as drought resistance, quality of the grain mass during processing, etc. The main manifestations of this trait are controlled by the B1 gene, which has recently been identified and encodes the C2H2 zinc finger transcription factor.

Based on the previously identified SNPs in the promoter region of this gene, we constructed markers for dominant and recessive alleles which determine awnless and awned phenotypes, respectively. The markers were successful for use in targeting the respective alleles of the B1 gene in 176 varieties of common wheat, accessions of T. spelta L., as well as on F2/F3 hybrids from crosses between awned and awnless forms of T. aestivum.

We first identified a new allele, b1mite, which has both an insert of a miniature Stowaway-like transposon, 261 bp in length, and 33 novel SNPs in the promoter region. Despite these changes, this allele had no effect on the awned phenotype. The possible mechanisms of the influence of the analyzed gene on phenotype are discussed.
Combustion of solid fuels in general includes a number of stages: heating, drying, devolatilization, ignition, and burn-out of coke. The stage of coke residue burn-out is the leading one. In this paper, analytical solutions for the burn-out of the coke part of an anthracite particle were developed using the asymptotic procedures, and combustion of anthracite particles with the size of 100 µm and less (presented size for the flare process) and 12 mm or more (characteristic size for burning in a fluidized bed) was calculated. In the first case, combustion occurs in the kinetic regime, and in the second, it occurs in the diffusion regime. The models of the “hard” ash frame, as well as the model “with segregating” ash, have been implemented.