Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
The review highlights contemporary concepts about the role of atmospheric air pollution by particulate matter (pM) in cancer pathogenesis. We used publications from the pubMed and RISC databases. The impact of pMs on the development and progression of cancer was examined with respect to their size, origin, chemical composition and concentration in air. pMs with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤2.5 microns are recognized as the most dangerous. Epidemiological studies revealed a dose-dependent effect of pM on cells. dNA damage and pM-induced epigenetic changes are important components of cancer pathogenesis. Systematized scientific data, especially in the form of formalized descriptions, provide additional insights about concept of cancer pathogenesis and can be used in practical medicine for risk evaluation, early diagnostics, prognosis and increase of the treatment effectiveness.
The method of producing nanopowders of Si and SiC by pyrolysis of a silicon-hydrocarbon mixture by compression in a cyclic process in a flow reactor is proposed and implemented. The obtained powders are characterized by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The new design solutions and use of ceramic coatings obtained by applying microarc oxidation for the piston-cylinder assembly – a compression unit of the reactor - allowed avoiding the use of compression rings and lubricants, achieving a high compression ratio and pressure and temperature in the reactor needed for monosilane pyrolysis. Pyrolysis in the flow reactor is convenient, technological and efficient in terms of its use in the production of high purity nanopowders.
A numerical model is constructed and dynamics of the cylindrical localized area of turbulent disturbances (turbulent spot) in a longitudinal horizontally homogeneous shear flow of a passive stratified fluid is studied. The results of calculations show a significant turbulent energy generation by shear flo . The problem of flow similarity with respect to the shear Froude number for sufficiently large values of this parameter is considered.
Constitutive equations of finite strain elasto-plasticity are coupled to continuum damage mechanics to simulate the initiation and propagation of cracks in ductile materials. The diffuse deterioration of material’s strength is modelled using porosity as a damage parameter. We show that the local damage model yields simulation results, pathologically dependent on the FEM mesh upon mesh refinement: (i) the structural behaviour becomes unrealistically brittle; (ii) the FEM mesh determines the crack path. To solve these problems, an integral-based approach to nonlocal damage is implemented. It enables physically sound results by introducing the linear size of the microstructure into the model’s formulation. To prevent the effect of unrealistic diffusion of damage, the averaging operator is applied not to the porosity, but to its dual parameter, material’s continuity. Solutions of test problems for crack propagation in a compact tension specimen are presented. The convergence of FEM solutions is demonstrated for different slopes of the mesh with fine and coarse discretizations.
The study of an intermediate mass Higgs boson, via the process gamma-gamma -> H -> bbbar from an initiallypolarized J_z = 0 state, has been advocated as an important feasible goal of a future photon linear collider. The crucial argument was the m_b^2/s suppression of the background process gamma-gamma (J_z = 0) -> bbbar. We critically review the contribution of the radiative background processes (in which the m_b^2/s suppression is absent) to the quasi-two-jet-like events with at least one, but preferably two, tagged energetic b jets. Within a complete study of the radiative processes, we find that a sizeable background contribution can come from the helicity-violating gamma-gamma (J_z = 0) -> bbbar process accompanied by soft gluon emission. These latter radiative corrections contain a new type of double logarithmic (DL) terms. We clarify the physical nature of these novel DL corrections. Despite the fact that the one-loop DL terms are comparable or even larger than the Born term, fortunately we find that the calculation of the cross section in the two-loop approximation is sufficient for a reliable evaluation of the background to the Higgs signal.
As a starting point, the solution of the truth-making problem within the concept of 'serious essentialism' by E. J. Lowe is considered.

The paper aims to make a satisfactory realistic interpretation of the solution of the truth-making problem within the framework of D. Dennett's real patterns conception in order to show that D. Dennett's ontology can be interpreted in a realistic sense not only within the framework of J. Ladyman's structural realism.

Our thesis is that the expansion of the D. Dennett's conception with E. J. Lowe's 'serious essentialism' leads us to the conclusion that D. Dennett's ontology not only receives a satisfactory realistic interpretation of the solution of the truth-making problem, but also provides an opportunity to answer properly to the definition of scientific realism given by M. Devitt.
Endosymbiotic bacteria of the genus Wolbachia are widespread in arthropods and often cause reproductive abnormalities in lepidopteran insects, including corn borers of the genus Ostrinia. Wolbachia-Ostrinia is a promising model for studies of parasite-host interactions yet parasite prevalence in natural insect host populations remains unknown.

Molecular genetic screening and statistical analysis is applied to evaluate prevalence rates of Wolbachia in sympatric populations of two corn borer species. Individual genomic DNA samples were extracted from last instar larvae collected in nature from different forage plants. For each sample of DNA showing positive signal with insect-specific primers the detection is performed using three diagnostic loci of Wolbachia: 16SrRNA, gatB and fbpA.

Endosymbiotic bacteria of the genus Wolbachia are revealed in natural populations of corn borers for the first time for Eastern Europe. The prevalence rates can be high and this should be taken into consideration when reproductive isolation is examined in population of these hosts as well as establishment of laboratory cultures is performed.
В спектрах фотопроводимости структур HgTe/Cd x Hg 1-x Te (КРТ) с квантовыми ямами обнаружена длинноволновая полоса, образованная переходами между состояниями, связанными с валентной зоной. Был проведен расчет с учетом химического сдвига спектра энергетических состояний вакансий ртути в квантовых ямах КРТ структур. Показано, что наблюдаемая в спектрах фотопроводимости этих структур длинноволновая полоса связана с ионизацией двухвалентных акцепторных центров, которыми являются такие вакансии.
We apply deep reinforcement learning to active closed-loop control of a two-dimensional flow over a cylinder oscillating around its axis with a time-dependent angular velocity representing the only control parameter.

Experimenting with the angular velocity, the neural network is able to devise a control strategy based on low frequency harmonic oscillations with some additional modulations to stabilize the Kármán vortex street at a low Reynolds number Re=100. We examine the convergence issue for two reward functions showing that later epoch number does not always guarantee a better result.

The performance of the controller provide the drag reduction of 14% or 16% depending on the employed reward function. The additional efforts are very low as the maximum amplitude of the angular velocity is equal to 8% of the incoming flow in the first case while the latter reward function returns an impressive 0.8% rotation amplitude which is comparable with the state-of-the-art adjoint optimization results. A detailed comparison with a flow controlled by harmonic oscillations with fixed amplitude and frequency is presented, highlighting the benefits of a feedback loop.
Conductive indium nanowires up to 50 nm in width and up to 10 μm in length are fabricated on the surface of silicon by local resputtering from the probe of an atomic-force microscope.

To accomplish this, indium was transferred from an atomic force microscopy tip to the surface by applying a potential difference between the tip and substrate.

The fabricated indium nanowires were several micrometers in length. Unlike thermal DPN, our DPN method hardly oxidized the indium, producing nanowires with conductivities from 5.7 · 10−3 to 4 · 10−2 Ω·cm.
Atoms in highly excited (Rydberg) states have a number of unique properties which make them attractive for applications in quantum information. These are large dipole moments, lifetimes and polarizabilities, as well as strong long-range interactions between Rydberg atoms.

Experimental methods of laser cooling and precision spectroscopy enable the trapping and manipulation of single Rydberg atoms and applying them for practical implementation of quantum gates over qubits of a quantum computer based on single neutral atoms in optical traps.

In this paper, we give a review of the experimental and theoretical work performed by the authors at the Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics SB RAS and Novosibirsk State University on laser and microwave spectroscopy of cold Rb Rydberg atoms in a magneto-optical trap and on their possible applications in quantum information. We also give a brief review of studies done by other groups in this area.
DNA constantly undergoes chemical modification due to endogenous and exogenous mutagens. The DNA base excision repair (BER) pathway is the frontline mechanism handling the majority of these lesions, and primarily involves a DNA incision and subsequent resealing step. It is imperative that these processes are extremely well-coordinated as unrepaired DNA single strand breaks (SSBs) can be converted to DNA double strand breaks during replication thus triggering genomic instability. However, the mechanism(s) governing the BER process are poorly understood.

Here we show that accumulation of unrepaired SSBs triggers a p53/Sp1-dependent downregulation of APE1, the endonuclease responsible for the DNA incision during BER. Importantly, we demonstrate that impaired p53 function, a characteristic of many cancers, leads to a failure of the BER coordination mechanism, overexpression of APE1, accumulation of DNA strand breaks and results in genomic instability.

Our data provide evidence for a previously unrecognized mechanism for coordination of BER by p53, and its dysfunction in p53-inactivated cells.
We explore theoretically a thermodynamic heat-engine concept that has the potential of attaining a high efficiency and power density relative to competing solutions, while having a simple construction with few moving parts and dynamic seals, allowing low capital and operating costs, and long lifetimes. Specifically, an unsteady heat-engine device within which a working fluid undergoes a power cycle featuring phase-change, termed the 'Evaporative Reciprocating-Piston Engine' (EPRE) is considered as a potential prime mover for use in combined heat and power (CHP) applications.

Based on thermal/fluid-electrical analogies, a theoretical ERPE device is conceptualized initially in the electrical-analogy domain as a linearized, closed-loop active electronic circuit model. The circuit-model representation is designed to potentially exhibit high efficiencies compared to similar, existing two-phase unsteady heat engines. From the simplified circuit model in the electrical domain, and using the thermal/fluid-electrical analogies, one possible configuration of a corresponding physical ERPE device is derived, based on an early prototype of a device currently under development that exhibits some similarities with the ERPE, and used as a physical manifestation of the proposed concept. The corresponding physical ERPE device relies on the alternating phase change of a suitable working-fluid (here, water) to drive a reciprocating displacement of a single vertical piston and to produce sustained oscillations of thermodynamic properties within an enclosed space. Four performance indicators are considered: the operational frequency, the power output, the exergy efficiency, and the heat input/temperature difference imposed externally on the device's heat exchangers that is necessary to sustain oscillations. The effects of liquid inertia, viscous drag, hydrostatic pressure, vapour compressibility and two-phase heat transfer in the various engine components/compartments are examined, via changes to thermodynamic/thermophysical/transport properties and also geometrical features of the ERPE.

It is found that for high efficiency and power output: (1) the vapour dead-spaces must be minimized; (2) the length of the tube that connects the displacer and working cylinders must be of significant length; and, (3) the heat-exchanger blocks must have a low thermal resistance and high heat capacity. The methodological approach implemented in this study can be used to guide the proposal, early-stage design and verification of these complex unsteady thermodynamic systems, while offering important suggestions for improved performance and system optimization.
Maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a hereditary form of diabetes with an autosomal dominant type of inheritance, an onset at a young age, and a primary defect in pancreatic β-cell function. This type of diabetes is different from classical types of diabetes mellitus (DM1 and DM2) in its clinical course, treatment strategies, and prognosis. Clinical manifestations of MODY are heterogeneous and may vary even among members of the same family, i. e., carriers of identical mutations. This phenotypic variation is due to the interaction of mutations with different genetic backgrounds and the influence of environmental factors (e. g., lifestyle).

Using next-generation sequencing technology, the c.580–1G>A substitution (IVS5 –1G>A, rs1554335421) located in an acceptor splice site of intron 5 of the GCK gene was found in a proband. The identified variant cosegregated with a pathological phenotype in the examined family members.

The GCK gene encodes glucokinase (hexokinase 4), which catalyzes the first step in a large number of glucose metabolic pathways such as glycolysis. Mutations in this gene are the cause of MODY2. The illness is characterized by an insignificant increase in the fasting glucose level, is a well-controlled disease without medication, and has a low prevalence of micro- and macrovascular complications of diabetes. The presented case of MODY2 reveals the clinical significance of a mutation in the splice site of the GCK gene. When nonclassical diabetes mellitus is being diagnosed in young people and pregnant women, genetic testing is needed to verify the diagnosis and to select the optimal treatment method.
Rhabdomyolysis is a very rare and most severe form of statin-induced muscle adverse event characterized by muscle pain, muscle necrosis with myoglobinemia and/or myoglobinuria with a very high risk of acute kidney injury and death.

The article presents a case report of developing rhabdomyolysis in a middleaged female patient with hypertension, decompensated type 2 diabetes and albuminuria. A 60-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital for emergency indications with complaints of severe muscle weakness that began in the neck, which spread over several days to the upper and lower extremities, with a symptoms progression up to paresis. According to the appointment of a primary care physician, three months before hospitalization, the patient was switched from therapy with European generic brand-name rosuvastatin 20 mg to the Russian generic unbranded atorvastatin in the same dose (20 mg), which is not comparable in lipid-lowering effect. In a laboratory study, an increase in creatine phosphokinase level by 348 times (50462 U/L) of upper normal limit in combination with severe hypokalemia 1б7 mmol/L in the absence of renal dysfunction was recorded.

Cancellation of statin, metformin and empagliflozin, intensive infusion therapy and treating electrolyte imbalance made it possible to prevent the development of acute renal damage, life-threatening arrhythmias and completely stop muscle complaints within a few days. The patient was discharged from the hospital on the 23 rd day with reference clinical and laboratory values, including creatine phosphokinase. This case emphasizes the importance of maintaining clinical suspicion regarding rhabdomyolysis in patients receiving statin therapy in the presence of risk factors (in this case, female sex, hyperglycemia, chronic kidney disease, concomitant therapy), as well as the relevance of timely diagnosis and treatment of this condition.
A review of half a century of cosmology is presented for an intended audience of elementary particle physicists. The review is based on a half-hour seminar talk (at the Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics, ITEP) and is therefore brief and superficial. The introductory historical section is mostly devoted to the fundamental work done in, but not always known outside, Russia (USSR). Foundational works and astronomical observations instrumental in shaping the field are discussed, as are inflation, baryosynthesis, dark matter and dark energy, vacuum energy, large-scale gravity modifications, and microwave background angular fluctuations. The presentation is admittedly not entirely objective but rather is given from the Russian (ITEP) perspective and is influenced by the author's personal views and biases.
Results of the experimental studies of a round hydrogen microjet combustion in a coaxinal jet of air and SiO2 nanopouder mixture efflux from a slot-hole (multinozzle) coaxial nozzle at subsonic and supersonic efflux velocity are presented. It is shown that scenarios of a hydrogen microjet combustion in a coaxinal jet of air and nanopouder mixture are similar to scenarios of diffusion combustion of a hydrogen microjet at subsonic and supersonic efflux velocity. Existence of “bottleneck flame region” is revealed at subsonic and a flame separation from a nozzle exit at supersonic efflux velocity. It is found that with efflux velocity growth of jets it is possible to observe intensification of the luminescence of the flame at the boundary between the jet of hydrogen and air / nanopowder mixture and existence of «bottleneck flame region» as in a laminar coaxial jet and in a flame of a hydrogen microjet combustion. On the other hand, it is possible to observe actually disappearance of the «bottleneck flame region» at approach to transonic efflux velocity.
With the continuous development of artificial intelligence, the demand for sensors with simple preparation and strong concealment continues to increase. However, most of the high-sensitivity sensors have complex manufacturing methods, high costs, and single functions. In this paper, a sensitive motion sensor based on the triboelectric interaction between a living plant and the human body was designed to detect the real-time movements of human beings and provide danger warning. A certain relationship exists between the triboelectric signal and the distance between the plant and the human body, with effective signals being detected in the range of 1.8 m. In addition, the triboelectric signal generated by each person is unique like a fingerprint, which can be used for biometrics. On the basis of the triboelectric signal, a wireless character entry warning system is designed. This sensor can not only send out a wireless warning signal at a specific distance but also allow one to receive the warning information synchronously on a mobile phone in real time. The wireless movement sensor receives signals through a living plant, and it has the characteristics of convenient use, strong concealment, and shielding difficulty. This sensor has the potential to be widely used in person recognition, danger warning, and motion monitoring.
Let F be a quadratic APN function of n variables.The associated Boolean functionWe summarize the known results and prove new ones regarding properties of Φ F and ϕ F .For instance, we prove that degree of Φ F is either n or less or equal to n -2.Based on computation experiments, we formulate a conjecture that degree of any component function of Φ F is n -2.We show that this conjecture is based on two other conjectures of independent interest.
На основании реализации вложения случайных процессов, построенной авторами в [1], доказывается, что классическое случайное блужданиие в зависимости от топологии наблюдения реализуется при вложении в "легкое фазовое пространство" как субдиффузия, а в "тяжелое фазовое пространство" как супердиффузия.
Актуальность работы обусловлена возрастающим интересом к комплексной интерпретации данных нескольких методов при определении петрофизических и физико-химических свойств горных пород и внутрипластовых флюидов. Физико-химические свойства нефти определяются по данным комплекса методов диэлектрической спектроскопии, ЯМР-релаксометрии и геохимического анализа. Результаты этих методов дополняют друг друга, поскольку отличаются разной чувствительностью к определенным характеристикам породы и насыщающего ее флюида. Цель: совместная интерпретация данных методов диэлектрической спектроскопии и ЯМР-релаксометрии для определения группового состава и физико-химических свойств проб нефти, сопоставление с результатами геохимического анализа. Объекты: пробы нефти и конденсатов месторождений Восточной и Западной Сибири, характеризующиеся разными физико-химическими свойствами. Методы: лабораторные методы диэлектрической спектроскопии, направленной на определение комплексной диэлектрической проницаемости; ЯМР-релаксометрии, позволяющей оценить групповой состав исследуемого флюида; стандартные геохимические методы, включающие определение физико-химических свойств, фракционного и группового химического состава нефти. Результаты. Изучено 48 проб нефтей и конденсатов месторождений Восточной и Западной Сибири. Для 29 проб установлены значения: плотности при 20 ℃, вязкости при 20 и 60 ℃, содержания температурных фракций выше и ниже 200 ℃, содержания метано-нафтеновых и нафтено-ароматических углеводородов, смол и асфальтенов. Экспериментально установлена зависимость диэлектрической проницаемости и времени поперечной релаксации от содержания разных групп углеводородных соединений, которая показала высокую чувствительность применяемых в работе методов к содержанию смолисто-асфальтеновых соединений. Увеличение их доли в составе пробы нефти приводит к существенному уменьшению времен поперечной релаксации и значительному увеличению значений диэлектрической проницаемости. По ЯМР-данным был определен групповой состав проб нефти, который с точностью до 5 % при температуре 25 °С согласуется с результатами геохимического анализа. Поскольку времена поперечной релаксации ароматических соединений и насыщенных углеводородов сильно перекрываются, это не позволяет более детально установить граничные времена поперечной релаксации для каждой группы углеводородных соединений.
The product of the differential production cross-section and the branching fraction of the decay is measured as a function of the beauty hadron transverse momentum, pT, and rapidity, y. The kinematic region of the measurements is pT < 20 GeV/c and 2.0 < y < 4.5. The measurements use a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3fb−1 collected by the LHCb detector in pp collisions at centre-of-mass energies in 2011 and in 2012. Based on previous LHCb results of the fragmentation fraction ratio the branching fraction of the decay is measured to be