Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Poor sperm morphology and an elevated DNA fragmentation level are considered to be related to spermiogenesis malfunctions as a result of genetic mutations and effects of environmental factors, including industrial pollution. Standardized cross-sectional population studies of sperm morphology defects and sperm DNA fragmentation, especially in regions with increased environmental pollution may be helpful to investigate an influence of industrial pollution and other population-related factors on spermiogenesis process. The aim of present study was to estimate an influence industrial pollution on sperm morphogenesis and sperm DNA fragmentation in men from the general population of the Western Siberia. The Novosibirsk and Kemerovo cities are located to same climatic conditions in Western Siberia but the Kemerovo city is characterized by increased environmental pollution especially by particulate matter (PM). The male volunteers living in Novosibirsk (n = 278) and Kemerovo (n = 258) were enrolled. Percentages of sperm morphological defects are counted after staining native ejaculate smears by Diff-Quick kits. DNA fragmentation was estimated by a SCSA technique. The residents of Kemerovo were characterized by lowered sperm count and sperm motility, elevated DNA fragmentation, poor sperm morphology and increased incidence of morphological effects of head (pyriform, elongated, round, abnormal acrosome and vacuolated chromatine), asymmetrical neck insertion and excess residual cytoplasm. Moreover, elevated DNA fragmentation was associated with lowered sperm count, sperm motility and increased percentages of several sperm morphology defects, with the place of residence affecting the relationships between conventional semen parameters, sperm morphology and DNA fragmentations. Our study suggests that excessive sperm head elongation and impaired acrosome formation can contribute to sperm morphology deterioration in men from polluted areas. Regional features in the relationships between sperm morphology, sperm count and DNA fragmentation were shown, suggesting an importance of studying sperm morphology pattern in men from different regions.
In this paper we solved the problem of detecting and detailed analysis of the characteristics of coherent structures in non-swirling and swirling turbulent jets from the 3D PIV experiment and DNS modelling database.

To solve the problem intellectual approaches of computer vision based on deep neural networks were applied. It is shown that with the use of a generative competitive neural network, it is possible to reconstruct the structure and dynamics of a turbulent flow with an increased spatial resolution, which is important for analysis and interpretation. The approach is based on a modification of the loss function, which minimizes the residual part of the hydrodynamic equations (the continuity equations and the Poisson equation) for the reconstructed data. It is shown that generative models are more effective in the reconstruction of high moments of turbulent flow than conventional methods POD and DMD. Using a fully convolutional neural network, an automatic segmentation of the turbulent jet flow region and the external environment based on instantaneous velocity and pressure fields was carried out. For a swirling jet, the area of reversed flow is identified.

It is shown that the complex of the developed machine learning algorithms successfully copes with the localization of coherent structures, the detection of their trajectory, characteristic size and phase propagation velocity. The obtained new fundamental information is important for a deeper understanding of the role of vortex structures in mixing processes in a jet flow. The developed complex of algorithms for the identification and analysis of characteristics of coherent structures can be applied to a database of measurements and numerical simulation of a wide class of hydrodynamic flows.
The three epidemiologically important Opisthorchiidae liver flukes Opisthorchis felineus, O. viverrini, and Clonorchis sinensis, are believed to harbour similar potencies to provoke hepatobiliary diseases in their definitive hosts, although their populations have substantially different ecogeographical aspects including habitat, preferred hosts, population structure. Lack of O. felineus genomic data is an obstacle to the development of comparative molecular biological approaches necessary to obtain new knowledge about the biology of Opisthorchiidae trematodes, to identify essential pathways linked to parasite-host interaction, to predict genes that contribute to liver fluke pathogenesis and for the effective prevention and control of the disease.

Here we present the first draft genome assembly of O. felineus and its gene repertoire accompanied by a comparative analysis with that of O. viverrini and Clonorchis sinensis. We observed both noticeably high heterozygosity of the sequenced individual and substantial genetic diversity in a pooled sample.

This indicates that potency of O. felineus population for rapid adaptive response to control and preventive measures of opisthorchiasis is higher than in O. viverrini and C. sinensis. We also have found that all three species are characterized by more intensive involvement of trans-splicing in RNA processing compared to other trematodes.All revealed peculiarities of structural organization of genomes are of extreme importance for a proper description of genes and their products in these parasitic species. This should be taken into account both in academic and applied research of epidemiologically important liver flukes. Further comparative genomics studies of liver flukes and non-carcinogenic flatworms allow for generation of well-grounded hypotheses on the mechanisms underlying development of cholangiocarcinoma associated with opisthorchiasis and clonorchiasis as well as species-specific mechanisms of these diseases.
Tyrosine phosphatase STEP (striatal-enriched tyrosine protein phosphatase) is a brain-specific protein phosphatase and is involved in the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative diseases.

Here, we examined the impact of STEP on the development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD)-like pathology in senescence-accelerated OXYS rats. Using OXYS and Wistar rats (control), we for the first time demonstrated age-dependent changes in Ptpn5 mRNA expression, STEP46 and STEP61 protein levels, and their phosphatase activity in the retina. The increases in STEP protein levels and the decrease of total and STEP phosphatase activities in the retina (as compared with Wistar rats) preceded the manifestation of clinical signs of AMD in OXYS rats (age 20 days). There were no differences in these retinal parameters between 13-month-old Wistar rats and OXYS rats with pronounced signs of AMD. Inhibition of STEP with TC-2153 during progressive AMD-like retinopathy (from 9 to 13 months of age) reduced the thickness of the retinal inner nuclear layer, as evidenced by a decreased amount of parvalbumin-positive amacrine neurons. Prolonged treatment with TC-2153 had no effect on Ptpn5 mRNA expression, STEP46 and STEP61 protein levels, and their phosphatase activity in the OXYS retina.

Thus, TC-2153 may negatively affect the retina through mechanisms unrelated to STEP.
This study advances the cross-cultural temperament literature by comparing temperament ratings of toddlers from 14 nations. Multilevel modeling (MLM) procedures were utilized to regress negative emotionality (NE) and component subscales on Hofstede’s cultural value dimensions while controlling for age and gender. More individualistic values were associated with lower NE, and component discomfort, fear, motor activity, perceptual sensitivity, and soothability scales. The discomfort subscale was negatively associated with power distance and positively associated with masculine cultural values. Higher ratings of shyness were related to a more long-term cultural orientation. Results illustrate the feasibility of an MLM approach to cross-cultural research and provide a new perspective on the intersection of culture and temperament development. Limitations and future implications are discussed.
The activation of parahydrogen by a metal-free P–P biradicaloid

leads to 1H and 31P nuclear spin hyperpolarization

demonstrates metal-free activation of hydrogen spin isomers
Propagation of heterogeneous detonation in channels with expansion was studied. Main detonation regimes of detonation propagation were found and maps of detonation regimes were built in coordinate system critical width of the channel – angle of extension. In channels with variable section, where width of the channel is changing through the area with inclined wall, at small ratios of the transverse dimension of a wide and narrow parts of channel are similar for considered angles. Incising of the ratio leads to impact of nonlinear effects that found in channels with expansion.
Erythropoietin (EPO) is mainly used to stimulate erythropoiesis. Its cytoprotective effects upon other cells of the human body and animals were recently shown, in particular, anti-apoptotic effect was observed. EPO effect upon the cells is mediated by interaction with erythropoietin receptor, with a complex forming a heterodimeric bond with β-common chain (CD131). In the present work, we studied the changes in erythropoietin receptor expression, and production spectrum of biologically active molecules in bone marrow mononuclear cells (BM-MNC) of patients with coronary heart disease. The flow cytometric assays showed that short-term incubation of BM-MNC with erythropoietin caused increased expression of the erythropoietin receptors on hematopoietic stem cells and tended to reduce the number of endothelial progenitor cells carrying the erythropoietin receptors. Solid-phase enzyme immunoassay in conditioned media from BM-MNC revealed that long-term (72 hours) exposure of BM-MNC to erythropoietin promoted increased production of IL-1β, PDGF-AB, and Epo, if compared to the basal production level (p < 0.05). Short-term incubation of BM-MNC with erythropoietin (60 minutes) caused a significant increase in the IL-1β, PDGF-AB and CXCL-12 / SDF-1α production levels, as well as significant reduction in the IL-10 production levels compared to the basal levels (p < 0.05).
The aim of the study was to identify new anatomical landmarks of the aortic root and the relationship between the sizes of anatomical structures using the method of computed tomography angiography to improve models of heart valves and the methods for their selection in clinical practice.

The dataset of computed tomography angiography prior to aortic valve replacement in 262 patients was analyzed. The mean age was 75.0±5.9years. 99 (37.8±3.0%)men and 163 (62.2±3.0%)women took part in the study. The annulus fibrosus, sinotubular junction, and height of the sinuses of Valsalva were measured.

In the tricuspid aortic valve group (n=251), in more than 50% of the cases, the diameter of the annulus fibrosus ranged from 23 to 26 mm. No significant association between the diameter of the annulus fibrosus and patient height (r=0.35;p=0.01) or body surface area (r=0.25;p=0.01) and the height of the sinuses of Valsalva (r=0.34;p=0.01) were revealed. Based on the ratio of the height of the sinuses of Valsalva and the diameter of the annulus fibrosus, three variants of the structure of the aortic root were identified: type A -K>1.05; type B -0.95≤K≤1.05;type C -K<0.95. Type C of the aortic root was found to predominate in most cases, namely, in 98.0±0.9%(n=246). In the bicuspid aortic valve group (n=11), 2 patients had a type A of the aortic root, 1 patient had a type B, and 8 patients had a type C. Conclusion. A classification of variants of the aortic root structure has been proposed, which will be useful not only for practitioners when choosing a treatment method, but also for researchers to understand the structural characteristics of the aortic root in patients with its pathology.
The problem of removing high heat fluxes from a powerful microelectronic element (chip, microprocessor) is one of the most difficult tasks. One of the promising methods for cooling is the use of two-phase systems in a minichannel with a stratified flow regime.

Additive technologies allowing the creation of structured surfaces are of increasing interest. The study of heat transfer using structures on the surface in the form of cylindrical protrusions in comparison with a smooth surface with characteristic size (diameter and height) equal to 300 μm is presented in this work.
The prompt production of the charmonium $χ_{c1}$ and $χ_{c2}$ mesons has been studied in proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider at a centre-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV.

The $χ_c$ mesons are identified through their decays $χ_c\to J/ψ\,γ$ with $J/ψ\to μ^+ μ^-$ using 36 $\mathrm{pb^{-1}}$ of data collected by the LHCb detector in 2010. The ratio of the prompt production cross-sections for the two $χ_c$ spin states, $σ(χ_{c2})/σ(χ_{c1})$, has been determined as a function of the $J/ψ$ transverse momentum, $p_{\mathrm{T}}^{J/ψ}$, in the range from 2 to 15 GeV/$c$.

The results are in agreement with the next-to-leading order non-relativistic QCD model at high $p_{\mathrm{T}}^{J/ψ}$ and lie consistently above the pure leading-order colour singlet prediction.
In this paper discusses the current situation in Russia and the world in the field of development of sign languages translation system. The main problems are formulated, and ways to solve them are given.

To effectively solve it, an approach based on the development of bio-inspired neural networks is proposed. The architecture of a bio-inspired neural network, including four types of neurons, is described.

New simpler MT neuron model proposed.
The search for new formulations for photodynamic therapy is intended to improve the outcome of skin cancer treatment using significantly reduced doses of photosensitizer, thereby avoiding side effects. The incorporation of photosensitizers into nanoassemblies is a versatile way to increase the efficiency and specificity of drug delivery into target cells. Herein, we report the loading of rose bengal into vesicle-like constructs of amphiphilic triazine-carbosilane dendrons (dendrimersomes) as well as biophysical and in vitro characterization of this novel nanosystem.Using established protocol and analytical and spectroscopy techniques we were able to synthesized dendrons with strictly designed properties. Engaging biophysical methods (hydrodynamic diameter and zeta potential measurements, analysis of spectral properties, transmission electron microscopy) we confirmed assembling of our nanosystem. A set of in vitro techniques was used for determination ROS generation, (ABDA and H2DCFDA probes), cell viability (MTT assay) and cellular uptake (flow cytometry and confocal microscopy).Encapsulation of rose bengal inside dendrimersomes enhances cellular uptake, intracellular ROS production and concequently, the phototoxicity of this photosensitizer.Triazine-carbosilane dendrimersomes show high capacity as drug carriers for anticancer photodynamic therapy.
The catalyst systems (FI)TiCl3/MAO (FI = phenoxyimine ligand with an additional aryl–O–CH3 donor) display exceptionally high activity in selective ethylene trimerization.

By means of NMR and EPR spectroscopy, the nature of the Ti species formed in the catalyst systems (FI)TiCl3/MAO, (FI)TiCl3/MMAO, and (FI)TiCl3/AlR3/[Ph3C]+[B(C6F5)4]− (R = Me, Et, iBu) has been studied. It was shown that outer-sphere ion pairs of the type [(FI)TiIVMe2]+[A]− ([A]− = [MeMAO]−, [MeMMAO]−, [B(C6F5)4]−) are formed at the initial stage of the reaction of (FI)TiCl3 with MAO, MMAO, and AlMe3/[Ph3C]+[B(C6F5)4]−. These ion pairs further partially convert into TiIII and TiII species. In the systems (FI)TiCl3/MAO and (FI)TiCl3/AlMe3/[Ph3C]+[B(C6F5)4]−, complexes with the proposed structures (FI)TiIIIMe2, (FI)TiIICl, and [(FI)TiII(S)]+[A]− ([A]− = [MeMAO]−, [B(C6F5)4)]−, S = solvent, vacancy) were observed (concentrations of TiIII species was lower than those of the TiII congeners). In contrast, in the system (FI)TiCl3/MMAO, the concentrations of TiIII species (ion pairs of the type [(FI)TiIII(μ-H)(μ-Cl)AliBu2]+[MeMMAO]−) were higher than those of the TiII counterparts (ion pairs [(FI)TiII(S)]+[MeMMAO]−).

The system (FI)TiCl3/MMAO displays lower activity and selectivity in 1-hexene formation, in comparison to (FI)TiCl3/MAO, due to undesirable PE generation. Probably, TiII and TiIV ion pairs are those participating in ethylene trimerization.
The modulation instability (MI) in optical fiber amplifiers and lasers with anomalous dispersion leads to CW beam breakup and the growth of multiple pulses. This can be both a detrimental effect, limiting the performance of amplifiers, and also an underlying physical mechanism in the operation of MI-based devices.

Here we revisit the analytical theory of MI in fiber optical amplifiers. The results of the exact theory are compared with the previously used adiabatic approximation model, and the range of applicability of the latter is determined.

The same technique is applicable to the study of spatial MI in solid state laser amplifiers and MI in non-uniform media.
When the vacuum like energy of the Higgs potential within the standard model undergoes electroweak phase transition, an influx of entropy into the primordial plasma can lead to a significant dilution of frozen out dark matter density that was already present before the onset of the phase transition. The same effect can take place, if the early Universe was dominated by primordial black holes of small mass, evaporating before the period of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis.

In this paper we calculate the dilution factor for the above mentioned scenarios.
Relying on previously unknown sources the paper examines the basic components of South Korea’s policy to form a national brand: popularization of national language, promotion of culture, broadening educational contacts, development of public diplomacy. Initially, Korean cultural exports were directed exclusively to the Asian countries. In the 2000s they became global. The analysis allowed the author to conclude that the formation of the state’s attractive image in the international arena is carried out basically by popularization of cultural products and promotion of the Korean language.
In the Dornogobi Aimag region of Southern Mongolia, the main source of groundwater contamination by U, As, and Se is hydrogenic- or sandstone-type uranium deposits. These environmentally hazardous deposits, located in close proximity to populated settlements, pose a serious threat to drinking water quality and human health. Fifty samples were analyzed and levels of uranium were found to be elevated in deep and shallow waters (200 and 34.7 μg/L, respectively), with nearly 25% exceeding the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline level for drinking water quality (30 μg/L). Local rocks and soils appear to be the natural source of uranium. In particular, water from deep hydrologic wells near the largest deposits (Dulaan Uul and Zoovch Ovoo) exceeds the WHO guideline levels for U, As, Se, Sb, Cd, and Fe. At the same time, shallow groundwater (Argalant area) contains 50.5 μg/L of As, 34.7 μg/L of U, and 35.9 μg/L of Cd. Although multiple metal and metalloid contamination of groundwater is an issue of global concern, our understanding of the physical-chemical conditions of its accumulation is limited. This study provides a plausible explanation of the geochemical situation at the uranium Dornogobi province based on thermodynamic calculations.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer mortality rates in Eastern Europe are among the highest in the world. Although diet is an important risk factor, traditional eating habits in this region have not yet been explored.

Data from the Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial factors in Eastern Europe prospective cohort were used, including participants from Russia, Poland and the Czech Republic. Based on food frequency questionnaire data, we constructed an Eastern European diet score (EEDS) from nine food groups which can be considered as traditional in this region. The relationship between categorical (low, moderate, high) and continuous (range 0–18) EEDS and mortality was estimated with Cox-regression.

Our results suggest that traditional eating habits may contribute to the poor health status, particularly the high CVD mortality rates, of populations in Eastern Europe. Adequate public health nutritional interventions in this region are essential.
Stability experiments of controlled disturbances in 3D supersonic boundary layer on the thin swept wing at low unit Reynolds numbers are considered in the paper.

The results of the linear evolution of stationary and traveling disturbances in supersonic boundary layer on swept wing at controlled conditions are presented. Wave characteristics of traveling disturbances are obtained.

Stabilizing effect on the wave train evolution due to periodic micro roughnesses is demonstrated.
The paper reviews techniques for measuring inflation expectations in Russia in the period from 2015 to 2020. In the tree methods under review, which comprise adaptive expectations, stock exchange indicators, and sociological surveys of the Bank of Russia, the authors found both common and distinguishing features. All the reviewed methods demonstrated that inflation expectations remain high in Russia despite the relatively stable rates of the last few years on the level of 4–5 %. When estimated by the adaptive method in 2015–2020, the inflation expectations stayed between 0.5 and 6.2 %. The adaptive expectations allow a simplified approach to estimation as they depend on the level of the previous period’s inflation and do not react to economic shocks in the short term. The method of stock exchange indicators estimated the inflation expectations dynamics from 2.5 up to 8.6 %. Thanks to the opportunity of daily monitoring inflation expectations, this method is better at analyzing factors that impact the sentiments of market agents. A comparative analysis of approaches to estimating inflation expectations revealed that expectations according to sociological surveys of the Bank of Russia happened to surpass the actual inflation. In the period 2015–2020 the level of inflation expectations varied between 8 and 17 %, which is much higher than Russia’s inflation level.l.
In our experiments, we investigate a flow of a viscous fluid in the model of the common carotid artery bifurcation. The studies are carried out using three hardware equipments: two magnetic resonance scanners by Philips and Bruker, and intravascular guidewire ComboWire. The flux is generated by a special pump CompuFlow that is designed to reproduce a flow similar to the one in the blood vessels. A verification of the obtained data is carried out.

Conducted research shows the capabilities of the measurement instruments and reflects the character of fluid flow inside the model.
In the approach to the inverse problems, based on the sensitivity operators, the inverse problem is transformed into the family of quasi-linear operator equations. The sensitivity operator is constructed of the ensemble of the adjoint problem solutions corresponding to different adjoint problems source functions.

Hence, from the theoretical point of view, sensitivity operator-based algorithms can be efficiently parallelized.

The paper's objective is to carry out the experimental study of the algorithm computation time for the different number of computation cores.