Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Recent observations indicate that about half of the dwarf satellite galaxies around M31 orbit in a thin plane approximately aligned with the Milky Way. It has been argued that this observation along with several other features can be explained if these dwarf satellite galaxies originated as tidal dwarf galaxies formed during an ancient merger event. However if dark matter is collisionless then tidal dwarf galaxies should be free of dark matter - a condition that is difficult to reconcile with observations indicating that dwarf satellite galaxies are dark matter dominated. We argue that dissipative dark matter candidates, such as mirror dark matter, offer a simple solution to this puzzle.
The physics motivations and advantages of the new TAIGA (Tunka Advanced Instrument for cosmic ray physics and Gamma Astronomy) detector are presented. TAIGA aims at gamma-ray astronomy at energies from a few TeV to several PeV, as well as cosmic ray physics from 100 TeV to several EeV.

For the energy range 30 – 200 TeV the sensitivity of 10 km 2 area TAIGA array for the detection of local sources is expected to be 5 × 10 -14 erg cm -2 sec -1 for 300 h of observations. Reconstruction of the given EAS energy, incoming direction and its core position, based on the timing TAIGA-HiSCORE data, allows one to increase a distance between the IACTs up to 600-1000 m.

The low investments together with the high sensitivity for energies ≥ 30-50 TeV make this pioneering technique very attractive for exploring the galactic PeVatrons and cosmic rays. At present the TAIGA first stage has been constructed in Tunka valley, 50 km West from the Lake Baikal. The first experimental results of the TAIGA first stage are presented.
Sniffing behavior plays a significant role for communication and maintenance of the ethological structure of population. We studied the number of nose-nasal and nose-anogenital sniffing in male mice of inbred strains PT and CBA/Lac housed in genetically heterogeneous pairs during puberty and later (from 41 to 70 days of life). Male mice of the CBA/Lac strain show a higher number of nose-anogenital and nose-nasal sniffing in comparison with males of the PT strain. Throughout the period of stable social hierarchy we observed a transient increase in the number of sniffing behaviors in dominants and subordinates of the CBA/Lac strain but not in PT. In conclusion, the study revealed a significant influence of genotype and social rank on developmental patterns of sniffing behaviour in laboratory male mice
Outbreaks of influenza, which is a contagious respiratory disease, occur throughout the world annually, affecting millions of people with many fatal cases. The D222G/N mutations in the hemagglutinin (HA) gene of A(H1N1)pdm09 are associated with severe and fatal human influenza cases.

Targeted NGS analysis revealed the presence of mutations in major and minor variants in 57% of fatal cases, with the proportion of viral variants with mutations varying from 1% to 98% in each individual sample in the epidemic season 2018–2019 in Russia.

These mutations lead to increased virus replication in the lower respiratory tract (LRT) and may result in life-threatening pneumonia. Co-occurrence of the mutations D222G and D222N was detected in a substantial number of the studied fatal cases (41%). The D222G/N mutations were detected at a low frequency (less than 1%) in the rest of the studied samples from fatal and nonfatal cases of influenza. The presence of HA D222Y/V/A mutations was detected in a few fatal cases. The high rate of occurrence of HA D222G/N mutations in A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses, their increased ability to replicate in the LRT and their association with fatal outcomes points to the importance of monitoring the mutations in circulating A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses for the evaluation of their epidemiological significance and for the consideration of disease prevention and treatment options.
The study is motivated by monitoring the space orientation of a hydrolic fracture used in oil production. Streaming potential arises due to the leakage of ionic fracking fluid under the rock elastic forces which make the fracture disclosure disappear after pumping stops.

We develop a mathematical model for the numerical evaluation of the streaming potential magnitude. To this end, we perform an asymptotic analysis taking advantage of scale separation between the fracture disclosure and its length. The contrast between the virgin rock fluid and the fluid invading from the fracture is proved to be crucial in a build up of a net charge at the invasion front.

Calculations reveal that an increase of the viscosity and resistivity contrast parameters results in an increase of the streaming potential magnitude. Such a conclusion agrees with laboratory experiments.
Manual processing of large volumes of continuous observations produced by local seismic networks takes a lot of time, therefore, to solve this problem, automatic algorithms for detecting seismic events are used. Deterministic methods for solving the problem of detection, which do an excellent job of detecting intensive earthquakes, face critical problems when detecting weak seismic events (earthquakes). They are based on principles based on the calculation of energy, which causes multiple errors in detection: weak seismic events may not be detected, and high-amplitude noise may be mistakenly detected as an event.

In our work, we propose a detection method capable of surpassing deterministic methods in detecting events on seismograms, successfully detecting a similar or more events with fewer false detections.
Currently, LoRa technology is one of the most promising technologies in satellite Internet of Things. Particularly those based on satellite constellations in low Earth orbit, including the CubeSat nanosatellite constellations. However, the LoRa specification does not contain clear criteria for the applicability of the LoRa modulation under strong Doppler effect conditions caused by the very high speed of satellites. This is especially true in the case of the dynamic Doppler effect when the Doppler frequency shift changes rapidly with time. This paper presents the results of laboratory testing and outdoor experiments conducted to determine the feasibility of the LoRa modulation in CubeSat radio communication systems. Additionally, possible restrictions associated with the Doppler effect were explored. The experiments showed that the LoRa modulation has very high immunity to the Doppler effect. This immunity allows for the use of LoRa modulation in satellite radio communications in orbits above 550 km without any restrictions associated with the Doppler effect. In lower orbits, the dynamic Doppler effect leads to the destruction of the satellite-to-Earth radio channel when using the LoRa modulation mode with a maximum spreading factor ofSF = 12. This destruction occurs when the satellite is flying directly above the ground station, resulting in reduced duration of the radio communication session. The reduction in the duration of a communication session increases with decreasing orbit altitude and reaches about one minute in an ultra-low orbit 200 km high.
The work presents results of investigation of couple weak waves with a bow shock at Mach number M = 2. The waves produced by a small 2D roughness installed on the nozzle inset or side wall of working section. Hot-wire measurements revealed profile of the waves to be similar to N-wave. The visualization was done by means of schlieren technique and interferential AVT SA method. The inclination angle change of the Mach waves at free-stream section and bow shock section was found.
High-pressure chemistry of organic compounds is a hot topic of modern chemistry. In this work, basic computational concepts for high-pressure phase transition studies in molecular crystals are described, showing their advantages and disadvantages. The interconnection of experimental and computational methods is highlighted, showing the importance of energy calculations in this field. Based on our deep understanding of methods’ limitations, we suggested the most convenient scheme for the computational study of high-pressure crystal structure changes. Finally, challenges and possible ways for progress in high-pressure phase transitions research of organic compounds are briefly discussed.
Heading time is an important agronomic trait affecting the adaptability and productivity of common wheat. In this study, 95 common wheat varieties from Russia and the late-maturing breeding line ‘Velut’ were tested for allelic diversity of genes having the strongest effect on heading. In this research, allelic variation at the Ppd-D1, Vrn-A1, Vrn-B1, Vrn-D1, and Vrn-B3 loci was tested. The Vrn-B1 and Vrn-B3 loci provided the largest contribution to genetic diversity. We found two novel allelic variants of the Vrn-B3 gene in the studied varieties. Ten varieties carried a 160 bp insertion in the promoter region, and the breeding line ‘Velut’ carried a 1617 bp insertion. These alleles were designated Vrn-B3e and Vrn-B3d, respectively. The analysis of the sequences showed the recent insertion of a retrotransposon homologous to the LTR retrotransposon (RLX_Hvul_Dacia_ RND-1) in the Vrn-B3d allele. Plants with the Vrn-B3e and the ‘Velut’ line with the Vrn-B3d allele headed later than the plants with the wild-type allele; among these plants, ‘Velut’ is the latest maturing wheat variety. Analysis of the gene expression of two groups of lines differing by the Vrn-B3 alleles (Vrn-B3d or vrn-B3) from the F2 population with ‘Velut’ as a parental line did not reveal a significant difference in the expression level between the groups. Additional research is required to study the reasons for the late maturation of the ‘Velut’ line. However, the studied wheat varieties could be used as a potential source of natural variation in genes controlling heading times.
Hybrid materials of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) were obtained by their non-covalent functionalization with asymmetrically polyoxyethylene substituted metal-free, copper(ii) and cobalt(ii) phthalocyanines bearing one pyrene group as a substituent.
The reduction of harmful substances emission into the atmosphere is very important to create compact, energy-efficient catalytic units for afterburning volatile organic compounds. A key component of such units is the catalyst cartridge. The efficiency of its operation is provided by the supply of a gas flow with a uniform velocity field. To solve the problem, the gas flow distributor and an aerodynamic stand for its testing were created. A set of air-flow blades was used to align the velocity profile before the catalyst cartridge. Also flow kinematics inside the cartridge was investigated via laser Doppler anemometry method.
High-performance algorithm for an unmanned magnetometer complex data inversion is proposed. We provide numerical tests for tomographic inversion of data for the different-height magnetic surveying. We show the results of calculations for a test model with a magnetic object in the form of a cylinder of finite height.

We propose the recommendations for the method application for the inversion of the observed data.
Parahydrogen induced polarization was employed to prepare a relatively long‐lived correlated nuclear spin state between methylene and methyl protons in propane gas. Conventionally, such states are converted into a strong NMR signal enhancement by transferring the reaction product to a high magnetic field in an adiabatic longitudinal transport after dissociation engenders net alignment (ALTADENA) experiment. However, the relaxation time T 1 of ∼0.6 s of the resulting hyperpolarized propane is too short for potential biomedical applications.

The presented alternative approach employs low‐field MRI to preserve the initial correlated state with a much longer decay time T LLSS =(4.7±0.5) s. While the direct detection at low‐magnetic fields (e.g. 0.0475 T) is challenging, we demonstrate here that spin‐lock induced crossing (SLIC) at this low magnetic field transforms the long‐lived correlated state into an observable nuclear magnetization suitable for MRI with sub‐millimeter and sub‐second spatial and temporal resolution, respectively.

Propane is a non‐toxic gas, and therefore, these results potentially enable low‐cost high‐resolution high‐speed MRI of gases for functional imaging of lungs and other applications.
The one-dimensional numerical simulations of the deformation during and after the pulsed heat load are carried out for tungsten manufactured according to ITER specifications. The calculations for stress-relieved tungsten demonstrated the cracking at temperatures above ductile-to-brittle transition temperature. The features of the stresses caused by thermal expansion are discussed.
The results of a search for electroweakino pair production $$pp \rightarrow \tilde{\chi }^\pm _1 \tilde{\chi }^0_2$$ pp→χ~1±χ~20 in which the chargino ( $$\tilde{\chi }^\pm _1$$ χ~1± ) decays into a W boson and the lightest neutralino ( $$\tilde{\chi }^0_1$$ χ~10 ), while the heavier neutralino ( $$\tilde{\chi }^0_2$$ χ~20 ) decays into the Standard Model 125 GeV Higgs boson and a second $$\tilde{\chi }^0_1$$ χ~10 are presented. The signal selection requires a pair of b -tagged jets consistent with those from a Higgs boson decay, and either an electron or a muon from the W boson decay, together with missing transverse momentum from the corresponding neutrino and the stable neutralinos. The analysis is based on data corresponding to 139 $$\mathrm {fb}^{-1}$$ fb-1 of $$\sqrt{s}=13$$ s=13 TeV pp collisions provided by the Large Hadron Collider and recorded by the ATLAS detector. No statistically significant evidence of an excess of events above the Standard Model expectation is found. Limits are set on the direct production of the electroweakinos in simplified models, assuming pure wino cross-sections. Masses of $$\tilde{\chi }^{\pm }_{1}/\tilde{\chi }^{0}_{2}$$ χ~1±/χ~20 up to 740 GeV are excluded at 95% confidence level for a massless $$\tilde{\chi }^{0}_{1}$$ χ~10 .
This is the first large-scale Russian study describing semen quality and reproductive hormone levels among young men.

The study population consisted of 1291 young men from Novosibirsk, Kemerovo, Ulan-Ude, and Yakutsk, including 1013 men of three most numerous ethnic groups: Slavs, Buryats, and Yakuts. Each participant provided one sperm and blood sample, information about lifestyle and ethnicity. Anthropometric parameters, semen quality and reproductive hormone levels, were evaluated.

Significant regional and ethnic differences were detected for semen and reproductive hormone parameters. The young men in Novosibirsk and Kemerovo, populated by Slavs, had a higher semen quality compared to Ulan-Ude and Yakutsk, populated by Buryats and Yakuts, apparently due to the higher testicular function in Slavic compared to Asian ethnicity. Impaired spermatogenesis in young men in Kemerovo compared to Novosibirsk, located in the same climatic zone and having a socio-cultural and ethnic identity, may be due to the influence of a polluted environment. The findings suggest that ethnic composition and environment may be responsible for regional differences in semen and reproductive hormone parameters.
Unique properties of X-ray fluorescent analysis with synchrotron radiation and classical morphological method allowed to reveal interrelation between the trace elements content and structure of lymph nodes.

Belonging of lymph nodes to different regions is defining in formation of a certain microelemental profile and features of the microanatomic organization of lymph nodes. Lymph nodes have different functional specialization with prevalence of immune or drainage function and a certain microelement composition. The inguinal lymph node has active drainage function because of the developed sinus system at the maximum of Mn, Fe, Zn concentration; immune function prevails in a tracheobronchial lymph node at the low content of all trace elements; the mesenteric lymph node has evenly developed drainage and immune functions at the maximum of Cu, Se contents.

The content of trace elements is considered as the leading mechanism limitation the structural organization of lymph nodes. Innovative approach helped to reveal formation of lymphoid-microelemental association. Features of this association modify the structural organization of lymph nodes depending on localization (region specifics).
Using a data sample of $980\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ annihilation data taken with the Belle detector operating at the KEKB asymmetric-energy ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collider

we report the results of a study of excited ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Xi}}}_{c}$ states that decay, via the emission of photons and/or charged pions, into ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Xi}}}_{c}^{0}$ or ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Xi}}}_{c}^{+}$ ground state charmed-strange baryons

We present new measurements of the masses of all members of the ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Xi}}}_{c}^{\ensuremath{'}}$, ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Xi}}}_{c}(2645)$, ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Xi}}}_{c}(2790)$, ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Xi}}}_{c}(2815)$, and ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Xi}}}_{c}(2980)$ isodoublets, measurements of the intrinsic widths of those that decay strongly, and evidence of previously unknown transitions
The paper deals with analysis of the geochemical and NMR characteristics of oils from a number of fields in the West Siberian oil and gas province.

The group composition of the studied samples was estimated by NMR data.

The correlation with the results of geochemical analysis was established.
Перераспределение атомных ступеней на поверхности кремния (001) при сублимации в условиях нагрева постоянным электрическим током Е. Е. Родякина 1, 2 , С. В. Ситников 1 , Д. И. Рогило 1 , А. В
Here we report a pilot-sized study to compare the taxonomic composition of sputum microbiome in 17 newly-diagnosed lung cancer (LC) patients and 17 controls. Another object was to compare the representation of individual bacterial genera and species in sputum with the frequency of chromosomal aberrations in the blood lymphocytes of LC patients and in controls.

Both groups were male; average age 56.1 ± 11.5 in patients and 55.7 ± 4.1 in controls. Differences in the species composition of bacterial communities in LC patients and controls were significant (pseudo-F = 1.94; p = 0.005). Increased prevalence in LC patients was detected for the genera Haemophilus and Bergeyella ; whereas a decrease was observed for the genera Atopobium , Stomatobaculum , Treponema and Porphyromonas .

Donors with high frequencies of chromosomal aberrations had a significant reduction in the microbiome of representatives of the genus Atopobium in the microbiome and a simultaneous increase in representatives of the species Alloprevotella compared to donors with a low level of chromosomal aberrations in lymphocytes. Thus, a comparison of the bacterial composition in the sputum of donors with cytogenetic damages in theirs lymphocytes, warrants further investigations on the potential role of microorganisms in the process of mutagenesis in somatic cells of the host body.
Purpose. The paper describes the most ancient archaeological culture of Taiwan and its significance for the reconstruction of the early stage of the human society’s development in the region. Results. Changbin, the culture of the Late Paleolithic Age, named after Changbin Township in Taidong County on the eastern coast of the island and its southern extremities where it was discovered. Excavations of the primary site, Baxiandong (Baxian caves; or Pahsientung), started in 1968, with new findings being made nowadays. The Baxian sea-cave samples were tested with radiocarbon measurement to have been dated from 15 to 5 thousand years ago, making earlier dates (around 50,000 years ago) debatable. The bulk of artifacts found includes chipped stone and bone tools, mainly of them are flint scrapers, sharp-edged flake tools, pebble chopping tools, shell scrapers and also tools made of bone, such as wedges, stitching awls and fish hooks. The ancient people, who lived in the caves, hunted, fished and gathered seafood on the coast. Typlogically, the Changbin tools are similar to the Hoabinhian industry. It is possible that Changbinhians came to Taiwan from the Southeast China, but also probably from the Phillipines. At its late stage, the Changbin culture overlaps with the Neolithic Dabenkeng culture (about 5000–2500 years BC), but there is no evidence to any contacts between them. Conclusion. Changbin Culture is extremely important for the understanding of the origin of the first settlements in prehistorical Taiwan. Farther research can bring new results in revealing the features of anthropogenesis on the territory of the Eastern Asia. Detailed reconstruction of the stages of development of this territory, with special attention to the initial settlement of Taiwan, is necessary to understand the basic characteristics of the cultural evolution of the early cultures in the region and can help solve the problem of the spread of a modern anthropological type in ecumene, make possible the identifying the ways of ancient migrations in the Asia-Pacific region. The initial period of studies of Baxian caves made possible to formulate the tasks for the new search, the answers to which will be received within the next stage of the archaeological works, having begun about 10 years ago.
We demonstrate numerically light-pulse combining and pulse compression using wave-collapse (self-focusing) energy-localization dynamics in a continuous-discrete nonlinear system, as implemented in a multicore fiber (MCF) using one-dimensional (1D) and 2D core distribution designs.

Large-scale numerical simulations were performed to determine the conditions of the most efficient coherent combining and compression of pulses injected into the considered MCFs.

We demonstrate the possibility of combining in a single core 90% of the total energy of pulses initially injected into all cores of a 7-core MCF with a hexagonal lattice. A pulse compression factor of about 720 can be obtained with a 19-core ring MCF.
The main aims of this paper are to reveal general patterns of Orthoptera distribution in the Eurasian steppes, to evaluate long-term trends of changes in distribution of taxa and populations, and to estimate the potential for population changes relative to human activity and global warming trends. The main publications concerning diversity and distribution of these insects over the steppes are analyzed. The fauna of the Eurasian steppes includes more than 440 species of Orthoptera. The general distribution of grasshoppers and their kin in the Eurasian steppes reflects their common associations with different grasslands. The species richness increases from the relatively cold forest-steppes to the semi-deserts with their warm summer. There are some endemic or subendemic taxa, including the tribe Onconotini (Tettigoniidae). The populations’ distribution of Orthoptera is also analyzed. The populations of native Orthoptera extend through all the herbaceous landscapes. Under these conditions, the interrelating of colonies of each species may result in great abundance. The population distribution of three species locusts (Locusta migratoria, Calliptamus italicus, Dociostaurus maroccanus) is also discussed. Some notable changes of their populations’ distribution and dynamics are characterized. The situation with rare Orthoptera is estimated. Retrospective and prospective of the steppe fauna of Orthoptera are discussed.
Based on a genetic algorithm, we have solved the problem of finding the parameters of optical Gaussian pulses which make their efficient nonlinear combining possible in one of the peripheral cores of a 7-core hexagonal fibre. Two approaches based on individual selection of peak powers and field phases of the pulses launched into the fibre are considered. The found regimes of Gaussian pulse combining open up new possibilities for the development of devices for controlling optical radiation.