Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Reverse transcriptases, RTs, are a standard tool in both fundamental studies and diagnostics used for transcriptome profiling, virus RNA testing and other tasks. RTs should possess elevated temperature optimum, high thermal stability, processivity, and tolerance to contaminants originating from the biological substances under analysis or the purification reagents.

Here, we have constructed a set of chimeric RTs, based on the combination of MuLV-RT and DNA-binding domains: the DNA-binding domain of DNA ligase Pyrococcus abyssi and Sto7d protein, Sso7d counterpart, from Sulfolobus tokodaii.

Chimeric RTs showed the same optimal temperature and the efficacy of terminal transferase reaction as the original M-MuLV RT. Processivity and the efficiency in cDNA synthesis of the chimeric RT with Sto7d at C-end were increased several-fold. The attachment of Sto7d enhanced the M-MuLV RT tolerance to the most common amplification inhibitors: NaCl, urea, guanidinium chloride, formamide, components of human whole blood, and human blood plasma. Thus, fusing M-MuLV RT with an additional domain resulted in more robust and efficient RTs.
13C-hyperpolarized carboxylates, such as pyruvate and acetate, are emerging molecular contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) visualization of various diseases, including cancer.

Here, we present a systematic study of 1H and 13C parahydrogen-induced polarization of acetate and pyruvate esters with ethyl, propyl, and allyl alcoholic moieties. It was found that allyl pyruvate is the most efficiently hyperpolarized compound from those under study, yielding 21 and 5.4% polarization of 1H and 13C nuclei, respectively, in CD3OD solutions. Allyl pyruvate and ethyl acetate were also hyperpolarized in the aqueous phase using homogeneous hydrogenation with parahydrogen over a water-soluble rhodium catalyst.

13C polarization values of 0.82 and 2.1% were obtained for allyl pyruvate and ethyl acetate, respectively. 13C-hyperpolarized methanolic and aqueous solutions of allyl pyruvate and ethyl acetate were employed for in vitro MRI visualization, demonstrating the prospects for translation of the presented approach to biomedical in vivo studies.
We report a first measurement of inclusive B -> X_s eta decays, where X_s is a charmless state with unit strangeness.

The measurement is based on a pseudo-inclusive reconstruction technique and uses a sample of 657 x 10^6 BB-bar pairs accumulated with the Belle detector at the KEKB e^+e^- collider.

For M_{X_s} 1.8 GeV/c^2.
The goal of the paper is to propose and study a concept of contract-based domination by coalitions for competitive economies.

The formal mathematical notion of contract (an elementary exchange of commodities), the contractual allocations of different kinds and their stability properties are introduced and investigated.

It is shown that applying this approach one can describe different known classical concepts for a perfect economy — equilibria, core, fuzzy core etc. — in pure game-theoretical terms. For non-perfect economies, in which not every contract is permissible, it may serve as one of the model’s primitives to refine and to solve various theoretical problems.
It is known that there are normal plane maps M 5 with minimum degree 5 such that the minimum degree-sum w(S 5 ) of 5-stars at 5-vertices is arbitrarily large.In 1940, Lebesgue showed that if an M 5 has no 4-stars of cyclic type (5, 6, 6, 5) centered at 5-vertices, then w(S 5 ) ≤ 68.We improve this bound of 68 to 55 and give a construction of a (5, 6, 6, 5)-free M 5 with w(S 5 ) = 48.
The paper considers the issues of accounting and reflection in multi-agent systems of the influence of the information environment, information flows on agent behavior and the assessment of consequences, including environmental ones, of decisions made by them at various stages of large-scale infrastructure projects. The information space is a priori a multidimensional dynamic environment that is continuously updated and transformed, sometimes under the primacy of the interests of individual agents or influence groups, and much less frequently from the standpoint of ensuring the viability of the economic system as a whole. A large-scale project for the construction of a transcontinental highway (TKS) through the Bering Strait was chosen as the object of study. The article provides a fairly detailed description of the groups of agents involved in the decision-making process, as well as the elements of the information space that are significant for an agent at certain stages of its activity. To model the influence of the information space on decision-making processes by agents of different hierarchy levels (business entities, managerial entities, etc.), algorithms and special procedures have been developed.
This work deals with the analysis of mechanism of nanostructured composite formation at joint electric-arc spraying of graphite electrodes with addition of various elements. It is shown that the morphology of nanoparticles, formed at condensation of carbon vapors with the additive elements that have similar pressures of saturated vapors, can vary significantly. This difference is explained by chemical interaction of an additive element with the carbon matrix.
The paper presents the results of experiments on quasi-stationary photoneutralization H− and D− beams. Studies were carried out using non-resonance adiabatic photons accumulate.
К ПОНЯТИЮ ГРАММАТИЧЕСКОЙ СИНОНИМИИВ статье рассматривается грамматическая синонимия, которая наряду с лексической и словообразовательной является разновидностью общего понятия синонимии языковых средств.Автор приводит различные определения лексической синонимии, которая является наиболее разработанной в языкознании, а также критерии выделения лексических синонимов, среди которых наиболее важными являются взаимодополняемость и одинаковая предметная отнесенность.Приводится классификация синонимов, принятая в отечественном языкознании.Основное внимание в статье уделено грамматической синонимии, которая подразделяется на синонимию словоформ и синонимию синтаксических конструкций.В статье рассматривается синтаксическая синонимия, разные подходы в выделении синтаксических синонимов
The horizontal transfer of the bacterium Wolbachia pipientis between invertebrate hosts hinges on the ability of Wolbachia to adapt to new intracellular environments. The experimental transfer of Wolbachia between distantly related host species often results in the loss of infection, presumably due to an inability of Wolbachia to adapt quickly to the new host. To examine the process of adaptation to a novel host, we transferred a life-shortening Wolbachia strain, wMelPop, from the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster into a cell line derived from the mosquito Aedes albopictus. After long-term serial passage in this cell line, we transferred the mosquito-adapted wMelPop into cell lines derived from two other mosquito species, Aedes aegypti and Anopheles gambiae. After a prolonged period of serial passage in mosquito cell lines, wMelPop was reintroduced into its native host, D. melanogaster, by embryonic microinjection. The cell line-adapted wMelPop strains were characterized by a loss of infectivity when reintroduced into the original host, grew to decreased densities, and had reduced abilities to cause life-shortening infection and cytoplasmic incompatibility compared to the original strain. We interpret these shifts in phenotype as evidence for genetic adaptation to the mosquito intracellular environment. The use of cell lines to preadapt Wolbachia to novel hosts is suggested as a possible strategy to improve the success of transinfection in novel target insect species.
The period of active global cybernetization and business automation was marked by a problem for Russian employers in the form of a shortage of qualified personnel capable of ensuring the development and competitiveness of business in the world markets.

Sociology of education as a social institution has been developing since 1970 s. Its current theoretical foundation is based on two principles: 1) The principle of mutual convergence of social institutions (education – business, education – state, education – family); 2) Variety of educational practices as a factual manifestation of the phenomenon of continuous education. Today corporative learning is one of such practices that radically change the ecosystem of traditional education.

There was a problem of forming a system of training new human resources that meet the changing economic realities. Until the 1990s, before the collapse of the country and the beginning of political and economic reforms, the Russian Federation had a system of higher education as one of the most stable and well-established mechanisms for training personnel for all sectors of the economy. An indicator of the effectiveness of this system was that graduates of Russian universities were invited to work by well-known corporations from many countries of the world. Over the years of reforms, Russia has lost its previous model of education, which today significantly affects the quality of training. Many Russian enterprises are forced to follow the path of independent training and retraining of specialists. Development of corporative is necessary to compensate for the limitations of traditional higher education. At first, the training was organized locally and had a haphazard character, but over time, Russian entrepreneurs began to adopt foreign experience in forming a knowledge system in the company and even create corporate universities.
In this paper, we introduce the new construction of quandles. For a group [Formula: see text] and a subset [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] we construct a quandle [Formula: see text] which is called the [Formula: see text]-quandle and study properties of this quandle.

In particular, we prove that if [Formula: see text] is a quandle such that the natural map [Formula: see text] from [Formula: see text] to the enveloping group [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] is injective, then [Formula: see text] is the [Formula: see text]-quandle for an appropriate group [Formula: see text] and a subset [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text]. Also we introduce the free product of quandles and study this construction for [Formula: see text]-quandles.

In addition, we classify all finite quandles with enveloping group [Formula: see text].
The dipole form of the "Abelian" part of the massless quark contribution to the BFKL kernel is found in the coordinate representation by direct transfer from the momentum representation where the contribution was calculated before.

It coincides with the corresponding part of the quark contribution to the dipole kernel calculated recently by Balitsky

and is conformal invariant.
Six bio-sorbents were used to remove uranium from simulated radioactive solutions UO2(NO3)2. Three types of peats, Polytrichium moss, Eichhórnia crássipes water plant and Cladonia stellaris lichen were used.

About 2.7mg of uranium per 1g of sorbent was found in the peat samples after their interaction with UO2(NO3)2 solution (uranium initial concentration was 26mg/L, pH 4.4) during 24hours. Polytrichium moss, Cladonia stellaris lichen and Eichhórnia crássipes water plant were less effective: 2.3, 2.1 and 0.6mg of uranium per g of the sorbent respectively. The sorption on the peats is described by Freundlich isotherm.

Numerous spherical compounds containing uranium 10 nanometers in diameter were found in the newly formed biotic sediments on the Polytrichium moss after the experiment.
The paper is focused on the analysis of deterioration of strength properties during cyclic deformation of the titanium alloy VT6, which is widely used in numerous engineering applications. A set of experimental data is obtained, regarding stress-controlled cyclic loadings with variable R-values; the influence of the mean stress on the irreversible processes is estimated. The impact of a previous loading history on ratcheting and dissipation-induced heating is clarified. The use of the obtained experimental data for creation and calibration of constitutive models is discussed.
The publication introduces into scientific circulation a review prepared in November 1924 by the order of the Soviet administration of the Chinese Eastern Railways (KVZhD) and the Soviet Embassy in China by the employee of the KVZhD Department M. Bolshov.

The review is devoted to the settlement in the border region of China by the refugees from the Trans-Baikal region -the areas of the Argun river region and the Three Rivers territory, located outside the concession territory ("the exclusion zone") of the KVZhD.

The review describes the specifics of the Russian colonization of the Chinese border territory, the scale of the refugees in the period of the civil war, the settlement structure, the management system and administrative and legal status of migrants, as well as the specifics of economic activities of the immigrants.
The design of NORBY is briefly described' the main characteristics of its subsystems are given' and the results of the first flight tests are presented. The main features of the NORBY design are full hardware duplication of all subsystems and information interfaces' as well as the use of LoRa modulation in radio communications between the satellite and a ground station.

The first results of the NORBY flight tests confirm the effectiveness of the key technical solutions applied in the NORBY design. For the first time' the operability of the LoRa modulation in satellite radio communications has been experimentally confirmed. The LoRa satellite-to-ground radio channel functioned sustainably at all tested parameters.
When crystals of four polymorphs – a stable α-form and three metastable ones (β-, γ-, δ-forms) – are simultaneously present in a pressure cell, immersed in a 1 : 1 pentane–isopentane mixture

the least stable β-form recrystallises exclusively into the γ-form (if no δ-form seed is present) or concomitantly into the γ- and δ-forms (if a seed of the δ-form is present)

However, the β-form never recrystallises to the stable α-form, even if the latter is also present as a potential seed
In this paper, we propose a new unified first order hyperbolic model of Newtonian continuum mechanics coupled with electro-dynamics. The model is able to describe the behavior of moving elasto-plastic dielectric solids as well as viscous and inviscid fluids in the presence of electro-magnetic fields. It is actually a very peculiar feature of the proposed PDE system that viscous fluids are treated just as a special case of elasto-plastic solids.

This is achieved by introducing a strain relaxation mechanism in the evolution equations of the distortion matrix. The model also contains a hyperbolic formulation of heat conduction as well as a dissipative source term in the evolution equations for the electric field given by Ohm's law. Via formal asymptotic analysis we show that in the stiff limit, the governing first order hyperbolic PDE system with relaxation source terms tends asymptotically to the well-known viscous and resistive magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) equations. The governing PDE system is symmetric hyperbolic and satisfies the first and second principle of thermodynamics, hence it belongs to the so-called class of symmetric hyperbolic thermodynamically compatible systems (HTC). An important feature of the proposed model is that the propagation speeds of all physical processes, including dissipative processes, are finite. The model is discretized using high order accurate ADER discontinuous Galerkin (DG) finite element schemes with a posteriori subcell finite volume limiter and using high order ADER-WENO finite volume schemes.

We show numerical test problems that explore a rather large parameter space of the model ranging from ideal MHD, viscous and resistive MHD over pure electro-dynamics to moving dielectric elastic solids in a magnetic field.
In the classical statement of the plasma-vacuum interface problem in ideal magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) one neglects the displacement current in the vacuum region that gives the div-curl system of pre-Maxwell dynamics for the vacuum magnetic field.

For understanding the influence of the vacuum electric field on the evolution of a plasma-vacuum interface we do not neglect the displacement current and consider the full Maxwell equations in vacuum. For the case of an incompressible plasma flow, by constructing an Hadamard-type ill-posedness example for the constant coefficients linearized problem we find a necessary and sufficient condition for the violent instability of a planar plasma-vacuum interface.

In particular, we prove that as soon as the unperturbed plasma and vacuum magnetic fields are collinear, any nonzero unperturbed vacuum electric field makes the planar interface violently unstable. This shows the necessity of the corresponding non-collinearity condition for well-posedness and a crucial role of the vacuum electric field in the evolution of a plasma-vacuum interface.
The problem on internal waves in a weakly stratified two-layer fluid is studied semi-analytically.

We discuss the 2.5-layer fluid flows with exponential stratification of both layers. The long-wave model describing travelling waves is constructed by means of a scaling procedure with a small Boussinesq parameter.

It is demonstrated that solitary-wave regimes can be affected by the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability arising due to interfacial velocity shear in upstream flow.
A conceptual design of the "Structural Diagnostics" diffraction beamline 1-2 for "SKIF" synchrotron radiation facility (Koltsovo, Novosibirsk area, Russia) is presented. The beamline will be dedicated to various diffraction techniques (powder X-ray diffraction, single-crystal X-ray diffraction and SAXS). All the techniques will be implemented in in situ and operando modes to enable real-time monitoring of chemical, physical, or engineering processes. The paper describes scientific scope of the beamline, basic X-ray optical scheme and equipment that will be available at the end-stations. Results of simulations and ray tracing aimed at the optimization of the instrumental resolution and flux are also given.
Native cattle breeds represent an important cultural heritage. They are a reservoir of genetic variation useful for properly responding to agriculture needs in the light of ongoing climate changes. Evolutionary processes that occur in response to extreme environmental conditions could also be better understood using adapted local populations.

Herein, different evolutionary histories of the world northernmost native cattle breeds from Russia were investigated. They highlighted Kholmogory as a typical taurine cattle, whereas Yakut cattle separated from European taurines approximately 5,000 years ago and contain numerous ancestral and some novel genetic variants allowing their adaptation to harsh conditions of living above the Polar Circle. Scans for selection signatures pointed to several common gene pathways related to adaptation to harsh climates in both breeds.

But genes affected by selection from these pathways were mostly different. A Yakut cattle breed-specific missense mutation in a highly conserved NRAP gene represents a unique example of a young amino acid residue convergent change shared with at least 16 species of hibernating/cold-adapted mammals from six distinct phylogenetic orders. This suggests a convergent evolution event along the mammalian phylogenetic tree and fast fixation in a single isolated cattle population exposed to a harsh climate.
The high-energy potential of wastewater sewage sludge (SS) produced in large amounts around the world makes it an attractive feedstock for fuels and energy sectors. Thermochemical valorization relying on pyrolysis of SS followed by hydrotreatment of pyrolysis oil (Py-SS) might even allow the integration of SS into existing oil refineries. In the present study, catalytic hydrotreatment of Py-SS was performed over a NiCuMo-P-SiO2 catalyst in a batch reactor at temperatures in the range of 200–390 °C. Due to sulfur presence in the feed, the increasing reaction temperature induced in situ transformation of metallic Ni into Ni3S2 in the catalyst. In contrast, the Ni3P active phase possessed remarkable stability even at the harshest reaction conditions. The oxygen content in the reaction products was decreased by 59%, while up to 52% of N and 89% of S were removed at 390 °C. The content of free fatty acids was greatly reduced by their conversion to n-alkanes, while the larger amount of volatile aromatics was generated from high molecular mass compounds. The quality of oil-derived products greatly changed at elevated temperatures, providing strong evidence of effective upgrading via decarboxy(ny)lation, hydrogenation, and hydrocracking transformations.
Essential oil of Pituranthos scoparius is traditionally used in folk medicine as a remedy for several illnesses. Its antibacterial properties are also exploited in the preservation of traditional cheese making. Whey is a by-product of cheese and casein industries, still considered as a waste. As oxidation phenomena becomes a topical issue in fat and oil food industry, natural plants containing essential oils with high antioxidant properties are considered as good alternatives to synthetic antioxidants.

Chromatographic techniques, namely TLC, HPTLC, MHE-GC-FID-MS, GC X GC, and GC-FID-MS have been used for the characterization, identification and quantification of 48 compounds, divided into three major terpene groups: monoterpenes, diterpenes, and oxygenated compounds. The essential oil displayed an antioxidant activity, presented by a radical scavenging activity and evaluated by the TLC–DPPH• method. Tests conducted at laboratory scale showed high protection from lipid oxidation of the spread emulsion, with an oxidative stability of 20.82 h. A sensory evaluation was carried out on emulsions incorporated with the essential oil. The PCA analysis revealed the effect of some attributes on the segregation between the four emulsions formulated.

These data suggest that the essential oil of Pituranthos scoparius is a possible and promising candidate as a biopreservative at an industrial scale for food preservation. Valorization of this by-product in a whey spread emulsion is considered in the present work. Due to the bioactive compounds contained in the essential oil (such as terpinen-4-ol), the essential oil exhibits high antioxidant activity.
We study the plasma-vacuum interface problem in relativistic magnetohydrodynamics for the case when the plasma density does not go to zero continuously, but jumps. In the vacuum region, we consider the Maxwell equations for electric and magnetic fields.

By using a suitable secondary symmetrization of the vacuum Maxwell equations, we find a sufficient condition that precludes violent instabilities.

We show that a sufficiently large vacuum electric field can make the planar interface violently unstable. Under this condition, we derive an energy a priori estimate in the anisotropic weighted Sobolev space [Formula: see text] for the variable coefficients linearized problem for nonplanar plasma-vacuum interfaces.
This work presents the results of experiments using synchrotron radiation from the VEPP-4M accelerator complex at Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics. Dynamic of small-angle X-ray scattering of synchrotron radiation was implemented on the synchrotron radiation beamline 8-b. Here given beam parameters and described elements of the station and detector system. The distance from the axis of the explosive charge to the detector was 3432 mm. The strip size of the detector DIMEX was 0.1 mm. Thus, a single channel of the detector DIMEX in these experiments corresponded to the scattering angle 2θ: 1 detector channel = 0.02914 mrad. The SAXS measurement technique on this station enables detection of nanoparticles ranging in size from 2 nm to 200 nm with exposure time 73 ps for one frame. It is possible to record 100 frames with interval 100 ns. In this work used TNT with 30 mm in diameter and 55 mm in length. Ultra fine diamonds of 2 nm size was detected behind the detonation front, after that the average size of particles increases up to 5–6 nm during few microseconds.