Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
We describe a general N-solitonic solution of the focusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation in the presence of a condensate by using the dressing method. We give the explicit form of one- and two-solitonic solutions and study them in detail as well as solitonic atoms and degenerate solutions. We distinguish a special class of solutions that we call regular solitonic solutions. Regular solitonic solutions do not disturb phases of the condensate at infinity by coordinate. All of them can be treated as localized perturbations of the condensate. We find a broad class of superregular solitonic solutions which are small perturbations at a certain moment of time. Superregular solitonic solutions are generated by pairs of poles located on opposite sides of the cut. They describe the nonlinear stage of the modulation instability of the condensate and play an important role in the theory of freak waves.
The recognition of transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) is the first step on the way to deciphering the DNA regulatory code. There is a large variety of experimental approaches providing information on TFBS location in genomic sequences.

Many computational approaches to TFBS recognition based on the experimental data obtained are available, each having its own advantages and shortcomings. This article provides short review of approaches to computational recognition of TFBS in genomic sequences and methods of experimental verification of predicted sites.

We also present a case study of the interplay between experimental and theoretical approaches to the successful prediction of Steroidogenic Factor 1 (SF1).
Dissipative solitons generated in normal-dispersion mode-locked lasers are stable localized coherent structures with a mostly linear frequency modulation (chirp). The soliton energy in fiber lasers is limited by the Raman effect, but implementation of the intracavity feedback at the Stokes-shifted wavelength enables synchronous generation of a coherent Raman dissipative soliton. Here we demonstrate a new approach for generating chirped pulses at new wavelengths by mixing in a highly-nonlinear fiber of these two frequency-shifted dissipative solitons, as well as cascaded generation of their clones forming in the spectral domain a comb of highly chirped pulses. We observed up to eight equidistant components in the interval of more than 300 nm, which demonstrate compressibility from ~10 ps to ~300 fs. This approach, being different from traditional frequency combs, can inspire new developments in fundamental science and applications such as few-cycle/arbitrary-waveform pulse synthesis, comb spectroscopy, coherent communications and bio-imaging.
We perform Large-eddy simulations (LES) of the turbulent flow in a channel with isothermal heated walls with the temperature ratio equal to 2.

The variable properties of the fluid are accounted for by using the low Mach number approximation. The Reynolds number based on the bulk velocity, half-width of the channel, density and dynamic viscosity near the cold wall is 6800. We study the effect of spatial resolution on the accuracy of Large-eddy simulations with dynamic Smagorinsky model.

The very good agreement of LES results is shown even for the coarse meshes which is attributed to the high accuracy of the spectral method.
Three chemical kinetic models for hydrogen combustion in oxygen and three gas-dynamic models for reactive mixture flow behind the initiating SW front were analyzed. The calculated results were compared with experimental data on the dependences of the ignition delay on the temperature and the dilution of the mixture with argon or nitrogen.

Based on detailed kinetic mechanisms of nonequilibrium chemical transformations, a mathematical technique for describing the ignition and combustion of hydrogen in air was developed using the ANSYS Fluent code. The problem of ignition of a hydrogen jet fed coaxially into supersonic flow was solved numerically. The calculations were carried out using the Favre-averaged Navier–Stokes equations for a multi-species gas taking into account chemical reactions combined with the k-ω SST turbulence model. The problem was solved in several steps. In the first step, verification of the calculated and experimental data for the three kinetic schemes was performed without considering the conicity of the flow. In the second step, parametric calculations were performed to determine the influence of the conicity of the flow on the mixing and ignition of hydrogen in air using a kinetic scheme consisting of 38 reactions.

Three conical supersonic nozzles for a Mach number M = 2 with different expansion angles β = 4°, 4.5°, and 5° were considered.
Various theoretical calculations based on QCD or hadronic interactions predict that in addition to the recently observed dibaryon resonance ⁎d⁎(2380) with I(JP)=0(3+) there should also exist a dibaryon resonance with mirrored quantum numbers I(JP)=3(0+). We report here on a search for such a NN-decoupled state in data on the pp→ppπ+π+π−π− reaction. Since no clear-cut evidence has been found, we give upper limits for the production cross section of such a resonance in the mass range 2280–2500 MeV.
In this work, a possibility of using hydraulic fracturing proppants (HFP) as supports for deep oxidation catalysts, employed in the fluidized bed catalytic combustion, was considered.Two methods based on leaching with alkali solution were used to increase a specific surface area of HFP.The samples were characterized by physico-chemical methods (XPS, XRD, low-temperature nitrogen adsorption).CuCrcontaining catalysts, based on HFP and obtained by the wet-impregnation method, and industrial catalysts were tested in the process of combustion brown coal in fluidized bed.It was shown that catalysts based on HFP allow us to reach a high degree of burnout (95%) which typical for industrial catalysts and higher than in the case when using an inert material (70%).
This work reports for the first time on study of a single-frequency Nd:YVO4 laser with intra-cavity frequency doubling, in which quasi-continuous frequency tuning over an ultra-broad range is implemented with two intra-cavity locked etalons and automatic stitching between ranges of smooth scanning of the laser's output frequency. The proposed and demonstrated method allowed to continuously tune the output frequency of the studied 1.5-W Nd:YVO4/LBO laser over a record-breaking broad range of 240 GHz at 532 nm.
Neuroticism is a personality trait, which is an important risk factor for psychiatric disorders. Recent genome-wide studies reported about 600 genes potentially influencing neuroticism. Little is known about the mechanisms of their action. Here, we aimed to conduct a more detailed analysis of genes that can regulate the level of neuroticism. Using UK Biobank-based GWAS summary statistics, we performed a gene-based association analysis using four sets of within-gene variants, each set possessing specific protein-coding properties. To guard against the influence of strong GWAS signals outside the gene, we used a specially designed procedure called “polygene pruning”. As a result, we identified 190 genes associated with neuroticism due to the effect of within-gene variants rather than strong GWAS signals outside the gene. Thirty eight of these genes are new. Within all genes identified, we distinguished two slightly overlapping groups obtained from using protein-coding and non-coding variants. Many genes in the former group included potentially pathogenic variants. For some genes in the latter group, we found evidence of pleiotropy with gene expression. Using a bioinformatics analysis, we prioritized the neuroticism genes and showed that the genes that contribute to neuroticism through their within-gene variants are the most appropriate candidate genes.
The field drives the closed dipole transition with arbitrary values of the angular momenta $J_{g}$ and $J_{e}$ of the ground and excited state.

We present a complete set of analytical and invariant expressions for the steady-state density matrix of atoms in a resonant radiation field with arbitrary intensity and polarization. The steady-state density matrix is expressed in terms of spherical harmonics of a complex direction given by the field polarization vector. The generalization to the case of broad-band radiation is given.

We indicate various applications of these results.
Nucleosomal DNA is thought to be generally inaccessible to DNA-binding factors, such as micrococcal nuclease (MNase). Here, we digest Drosophila chromatin with high and low concentrations of MNase to reveal two distinct nucleosome types: MNase-sensitive and MNase-resistant. MNase-resistant nucleosomes assemble on sequences depleted of A/T and enriched in G/C-containing dinucleotides, whereas MNase-sensitive nucleosomes form on A/T-rich sequences found at transcription start and termination sites, enhancers and DNase I hypersensitive sites. Estimates of nucleosome formation energies indicate that MNase-sensitive nucleosomes tend to be less stable than MNase-resistant ones. Strikingly, a decrease in cell growth temperature of about 10°C makes MNase-sensitive nucleosomes less accessible, suggesting that observed variations in MNase sensitivity are related to either thermal fluctuations of chromatin fibers or the activity of enzymatic machinery. In the vicinity of active genes and DNase I hypersensitive sites nucleosomes are organized into periodic arrays, likely due to 'phasing' off potential barriers formed by DNA-bound factors or by nucleosomes anchored to their positions through external interactions. The latter idea is substantiated by our biophysical model of nucleosome positioning and energetics, which predicts that nucleosomes immediately downstream of transcription start sites are anchored and recapitulates nucleosome phasing at active genes significantly better than sequence-dependent models.
Hyperpolarization-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging can be used to study biomolecular processes in the body, but typically requires nuclei such as 13 C, 15 N, or 129 Xe due to their long spin‑polarization lifetimes and the absence of a proton‑background signal from water and fat in the images. Here we present a novel type of 1 H imaging, in which hyperpolarized spin order is locked in a nonmagnetic long-lived correlated (singlet) state, and is only liberated for imaging by a specific biochemical reaction. In this work we produce hyperpolarized fumarate via chemical reaction of a precursor molecule with para -enriched hydrogen gas, and the proton singlet order in fumarate is released as antiphase NMR signals by enzymatic conversion to malate in D 2 O. Using this model system we show two pulse sequences to rephase the NMR signals for imaging and suppress the background signals from water. The hyperpolarization-enhanced 1 H‑imaging modality presented here can allow for hyperpolarized imaging without the need for low‑abundance, low‑sensitivity heteronuclei.
We study groups of some virtual knots with small number of crossings and prove that there is a virtual knot with long lower central series which, in particular, implies that there is a virtual knot with residually nilpotent group. This gives a possibility to construct invariants of virtual knots using quotients by terms of the lower central series of knot groups. Also, we study decomposition of virtual knot groups as semi direct product and free product with amalgamation. In particular, we prove that the groups of some virtual knots are extensions of finitely generated free groups by infinite cyclic groups.
High efficiency of negative ion beam neutralization by using a photon target is presented in this work.

The target was designed and manufactured on principles of nonresonance adiabatic confinement of photons. This photon trap shaped a long arc blended with end spherical mirrors. The arc part consists several cylinder mirrors. Trap sizes was about 30×50×250 mm3. A photon flux from an industrial fiber laser (λ =1070 nm, Δλ=7nm, P=2.1 kW) was injected into trap normally to one cylinder mirror through small entrance hole with angular spread about 3 degree. Test negative ion beams were passed through photon confinement region and suppressing ion current was registered. These experiments has been carried out with H-, D- beams.

High neutralization degree more than 95% has been demonstrated.
We report the results of a characterization study of several types of cryogenic photo-multipliers manufactured by Hamamatsu Photonics and intended for operation in liquid Ar conditions, namely: compact 2-inch R6041-506MOD tubes, 3-inch R11065-10 and R11065-MOD tubes for operation in liquid Ar and 3-inch R11410-20 tubes originally designed for operation in liquid Xe.

These types of PMT are proposed for installation into the future two-phase cryogenic avalanche detector that is developed in the Laboratory of Cosmology and Particle Physics of the Novosibirsk State University jointly with the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics. Eight R11065 PMTs and seven R11410-20 tubes were tested and all demonstrated excellent performance in liquid Ar in terms of gain and relative single electron efficiency.

All 3-inch PMTs showed a maximal gain in liquid Ar above 5x106 and relative single electron efficiency higher than 95%. Compact R6041-506MOD tubes have dynode system different from that of the 3-inch photomultipliers and thus their single electron energy resolution and relative efficiency is much worse than that of 3-inch tubes. From 21 2-inch PMTs only 12 tubes were selected with acceptable, i.e. higher than 75%, relative single electron efficiency and the maximal gain higher than 5x106. However, these PMTs are very attractive because they are the only compact type of tubes that can operate in liquid Ar.
We develop a method of synthetic frequency generation to construct an atomic clock with blackbody radiation (BBR) shift uncertainties below 10 −19 at environmental conditions with a very low level of temperature control.

The proposed method can be implemented for atoms and ions, which have two different clock transitions with frequencies ν 1 and ν 2 allowing to form a synthetic reference frequency ν syn = ( ν 1 − ɛν 2 )/(1 − ɛ ), which is absent in the spectrum of the involved atoms or ions. Calibration coefficient ɛ can be chosen such that the temperature dependence of the BBR shift for the synthetic frequency ν syn has a local extremum at an arbitrary operating temperature T 0 . As a specific example, the Yb + ion is studied in detail, where the utilized optical clock transitions are of electric quadrupole ( S → D ) and octupole ( S → F ) type.

This leads to a weak sensitivity of BBR shift with respect to the temperature variations near operating temperature T 0 . In this case, temperature variations of ±7 K lead to BBR shift uncertainties of less than 10 −19 , showing the possibility to construct ultra-precise combined atomic clocks (including portable ones) without the use of cryogenic techniques.
The live smallpox vaccine was a historical first and highly effective vaccine. However, along with high immunogenicity, the vaccinia virus (VACV) caused serious side effects in vaccinees, sometimes with lethal outcomes. Therefore, after global eradication of smallpox, VACV vaccination was stopped. For this reason, most of the human population worldwide lacks specific immunity against not only smallpox, but also other zoonotic orthopoxviruses. Outbreaks of diseases caused by these viruses have increasingly occurred in humans on different continents. However, use of the classical live VACV vaccine for prevention against these diseases is unacceptable because of potential serious side effects, especially in individuals with suppressed immunity or immunodeficiency (e.g., HIV-infected patients). Therefore, highly attenuated VACV variants that preserve their immunogenicity are needed. This review discusses current ideas about the development of a humoral and cellular immune response to orthopoxvirus infection/vaccination and describes genetic engineering approaches that could be utilized to generate safe and highly immunogenic live VACV vaccines.
We have carried out an analysis of whether blood IgG antibodies can protect humans from oxidative stress by oxidizing different harmful compounds.

We show here for the first time that healthy human sera IgGs with the peroxidase (in the presence H 2 O 2 ) efficiently oxidize different compounds: 3,3′-diaminobenzidine ( 1 ; DAB), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt ( 2 ; ATBS), o -phenylenediamine ( 3 ; OPD), homovanillic acid ( 4 ; HVA), α-naphthol ( 5 ), 5-aminosalicylic acid ( 6 ; 5-ASA) and 3-amino-9-ethylcarbazole ( 7 ; AEC), but seven of nine IgG preparations from different volunteers cannot oxidize p -hydroquinone ( 8 : pHQ). The average apparent k cat values in the H 2 O 2 -dependent oxidation by human IgGs decreased in the following order (min −1 ): ATBS (73.7) ≥ DAB (66.3) > AEC (38.0) ≥ HVA (19.8) ≥ α-naphthol (8.6) > OPD (0.62) ≥ 5-ASA (0.48) > pHQ (0.24). In the absence of H 2 O 2 (oxidoreductase activity), the relative average k cat values decreased in the following order (min −1 ): DAB (52.1) ≥ ATBS (50.5) > OPD (0.25). The peroxidase average activity of human IgGs was higher than the oxidoreductase one: 1.2-, 1.5- and 2.5-fold for DAB, ATBS and OPD, respectively.

It should be assumed that antibodies can oxidize in addition to the large number of other different compounds analysed by us. As a whole, the specific wide repertoire of polyclonal human IgGs oxidizing various compounds could play an important role in protecting humans from oxidative stress and serve as an additional natural system destroying H 2 O 2 and different toxic mutagenic and carcinogenic compounds.
In a number of papers an attractive method of laser polarization of electrons (positrons) at storage rings or linear colliders has been proposed. We show that these suggestions are incorrect and based on errors in simulation of multiple Compton scattering and in calculation of the Compton spin-flip cross sections. We argue that the equilibrium polarization in this method is zero.
Since potato starch is an important renewable raw material for a number of industries, it is important to have a throughput approach that allows potato starch samples to be tested quickly for the content of its constituent polysaccharides for potato breeding for starch properties and for starch industrial application.

The developed technique includes elements of previously disjointed procedures for dissolution and spectrophotometric determination of amylose in starch, and combines the following advantages: 1) starch samples dissolve in an organic solvent (0.5 % solution of lithium bromide in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMS)); 2) measurement of light absorption is performed at two wavelengths, 550 and 510 nm, and 3) the technique is adapted for use with a plate spectrophotometer. This procedure allows starch polysaccharides to avoid to avoid hydrolysis during dissolution, allows the precise spectrophotometric determination of the concentration of amylose complex with iodine in solution, and opens the possibility of using this technique for throughput phenotyping. Applying a certain dissolution procedure, it is also possible to avoid the formation of gelled starch clots in solutions for spectrophotometry, which is important for the preparation of solutions containing amylose and amylopectin in the same proportions as in the original starch.

The technique was tested on starch isolated from potato tubers varieties Lina, Velikan, Golubizna, Favorit of domestic selection. The technique developed can be used for phenotyping starch of an extended set of potato varieties (determining the content and composition of amylose in potato starch samples) to identify 'trait-genotype' associations.
This article considers a short but very eventful chronological interval, including a demonstration organized by the opposition in honor of the tenth anniversary of the October Revolution and the decision to expel its leaders, G.E. Zinoviev and L.D. Trotsky, first from the Central Committee and then from the ranks of the Party.The main research focus is on Trotsky, because the series of crushing defeats, coupled with countless criticisms from various members of the majority faction, is a clear example of the rapid disavowal of opponent's role in a political confrontation.

In order to make sense of this flow of mutual insinuations one has to draw upon and compare the individual elements of the three typologies of oblivion: "selective" and "repressive" oblivion by A. Assman, categories of the repressive erasure in the Paul Connerton system and finally "sins of Suggestibility and Bias" from D. Schacter's theory.As a source base the author used the stenographic report of the Joint Plenum of the Central Committee and Central Committee of the VKP(b) on October 21-23, polemical speeches of the opposition and majority faction, including those in the "Pravda" newspaper and "Bolshevik" magazine, grotesque depictions of the opposition in issues of "Krokodil", and the correspondence of various Party members.

The author concludes that Trotsky's expulsion from the VKP(b) was the culmination of a transition from "selective" oblivion, i.e., the natural process of selective remembrance of past events, to "repressive" oblivion: the denial and falsification of "inconvenient" episodes and the use of flexible interpretations.
Fluctuations of a temporal signal propagating along long-haul transoceanic scale fiber links can be visualised in the spatio-temporal domain drawing visual analogy with ocean waves. Substantial overlapping of information symbols or use of multi-frequency signals leads to strong statistical deviations of local peak power from an average signal power level. We consider long-haul optical communication systems from this unusual angle, treating them as physical systems with a huge number of random statistical events, including extreme value fluctuations that potentially might affect the quality of data transmission. We apply the well-established concepts of adaptive wavefront shaping used in imaging through turbid medium to detect the detrimental phase modulated sequences in optical communications that can cause extreme power outages (rare optical waves of ultra-high amplitude) during propagation down the ultra-long fiber line. We illustrate the concept by a theoretical analysis of rare events of high-intensity fluctuations—optical freak waves, taking as an example an increasingly popular optical frequency division multiplexing data format where the problem of high peak to average power ratio is the most acute. We also show how such short living extreme value spikes in the optical data streams are affected by nonlinearity and demonstrate the negative impact of such events on the system performance.