Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
The free-living flatworm Macrostomum lignano is a hidden tetraploid. Its genome was formed by a recent whole genome duplication followed by chromosome fusions. Its karyotype (2n = 8) consists of a pair of large chromosomes (MLI1), which contain regions of all other chromosomes, and three pairs of small metacentric chromosomes. Comparison of MLI1 with metacentrics was performed by painting with microdissected DNA probes and fluorescent in situ hybridization of unique DNA fragments. Regions of MLI1 homologous to small metacentrics appeared to be contiguous. Besides the loss of DNA repeat clusters (pericentromeric and telomeric repeats and the 5S rDNA cluster) from MLI1, the difference between small metacentrics MLI2 and MLI4 and regions homologous to them in MLI1 were revealed. Abnormal karyotypes found in the inbred DV1/10 subline were analyzed, and structurally rearranged chromosomes were described with the painting technique, suggesting the mechanism of their origin. The revealed chromosomal rearrangements generate additional diversity, opening the way toward massive loss of duplicated genes from a duplicated genome. Our findings suggest that the karyotype of M. lignano is in the early stage of genome diploidization after whole genome duplication, and further studies on M. lignano and closely related species can address many questions about karyotype evolution in animals.
We report a search for the rare decays $B\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{h}^{(*)}\ensuremath{\nu}\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}$, where ${h}^{(*)}$ stands for ${K}^{+}$, ${K}_{S}^{0}$, ${K}^{*+}$, ${K}^{*0}$, ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$, ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$, ${\ensuremath{\rho}}^{+}$, ${\ensuremath{\rho}}^{0}$ and $\ensuremath{\phi}$. The results are obtained from a $711\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ data sample that contains $772\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}B\overline{B}$ pairs collected at the $\ensuremath{\Upsilon}(4S)$ resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collider. We search for signal candidates by fully reconstructing a hadronic decay of the accompanying $B$ meson and requiring a single ${h}^{(*)}$ meson left on the signal side. No significant signal is observed and we set upper limits on the branching fractions at 90% confidence level. The measurements of ${B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{*+}\ensuremath{\nu}\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}$, ${B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}\ensuremath{\nu}\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}$, ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}\ensuremath{\nu}\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}$ and ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\rho}}^{0}\ensuremath{\nu}\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}$ provide the world's currently most restrictive limits.
Astronomical observations of recent years show that the universe at high redshifts (about ten) is densely populated by early formed objects: bright galaxies, quasars, gamma-bursters, and it contains a lot of metals and dust. Such a rich variety of early formed objects have not been expected in the standard model of formation of astrophysical objects. There is serious tension between the standard theory and the observations.

We describe the model which relaxes this tension and nicely fits the data.

The model naturally leads to the creation of cosmologically significant antimatter which may be abundant even in the Galaxy. Phenomenological consequences of our scenario and the possibility of distant registration of antimatter are discussed.
We study a noncommutative generalization of Jordan algebras called Jordan dialgebras. These are algebras that satisfy the identities ; they are related with Jordan algebras in the same way as Leibniz algebras are related to Lie algebras. We present an analogue of the Tits–Kantor–Koecher (TKK) construction for Jordan dialgebras that provides an embedding of such an algebra into Leibniz algebra.
The Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange (SABRE) technique employs exchange with singlet-state parahydrogen to efficiently generate high levels of nuclear spin polarization. Spontaneous SABRE has been shown previously to be efficient in the milli-Tesla and micro-Tesla regimes.

We have recently demonstrated that high-field SABRE is also possible, where proton sites of molecules that are able to reversibly coordinate to a metal center can be hyperpolarized directly within high-field magnets, potentially offering the convenience of in situ hyperpolarization-based spectroscopy and imaging without sample shuttling. Here, we show efficient polarization transfer from parahydrogen (para-H2) to the 15N atoms of imidazole-15N2 and nicotinamide-15N achieved via high-field SABRE (HF-SABRE).

Spontaneous transfer of spin order from the para-H2 protons to 15N atoms at the high magnetic field of an MRI scanner allows one not only to record enhanced 15N NMR spectra of in situ hyperpolarized biomolecules, but also to perform imaging using conventional MRI sequences. 2D 15N MRI of high-field SABRE-hyperpolarized imidazole with spatial resolution of 0.3×0.3 mm2 at 9.4 T magnetic field and a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of ~99 was demonstrated. We show that 1H MRI of in situ HF-SABRE hyperpolarized biomolecules (e.g. imidazole-15N2) is also feasible. Taken together, these results show that heteronuclear (15N) and 1H spectroscopic detection and imaging of high-field-SABRE-hyperpolarized molecules are promising tools for a number of emerging applications.
We study theoretically and numerically the dynamics of a passive optical fiber ring cavity pumped by a highly incoherent wave: an incoherently injected fiber laser. The theoretical analysis reveals that the turbulent dynamics of the cavity is dominated by the Raman effect. The forced-dissipative nature of the fiber cavity is responsible for a large diversity of turbulent behaviors: Aside from nonequilibrium statistical stationary states, we report the formation of a periodic pattern of spectral incoherent solitons, or the formation of different types of spectral singularities, e.g., dispersive shock waves and incoherent spectral collapse behaviors. We derive a mean-field kinetic equation that describes in detail the different turbulent regimes of the cavity and whose structure is formally analogous to the weak Langmuir turbulence kinetic equation in the presence of forcing and damping. A quantitative agreement is obtained between the simulations of the nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation with cavity boundary conditions and those of the mean-field kinetic equation and the corresponding singular integrodifferential reduction, without using adjustable parameters. We discuss the possible realization of a fiber cavity experimental setup in which the theoretical predictions can be observed and studied.
We report here the characterization of an alternative splice variant of prointerleukin-1α (proIL-1α), constitutively expressed by the normal adult rat testis. In addition to the classical 32K proIL-1α (32proIL-1α) messenger RNA, the testis produced a shorter variant encoding a putative protein of 24K (24proIL-1α).

In situ hybridization demonstrated constitutive expression of the splice transcript in the seminiferous tubules. This alternative complementary DNA lacked the fifth exon, harboring the calpain cleavage site essential for generation of mature 17K IL-1α. This was verified by calpain treatment, producing the expected cleavage products of recombinant 32proIL-1α, but not of 24proIL-1α. Similarly, expression in COS-7 cells demonstrated processing of 32proIL-1α to the mature 17K form and secretion, whereas 24proIL-1α remained unprocessed. Both 32proIL-1α and 24proIL-1α showed a dose-dependent stimulatory effect in a thymocyte proliferation assay, although at lower potency than mature 17K IL-1α. In contrast, when tested on hCG-stimulated Leydig cells in vitro, a dose-dependent inhibition of testosterone production was obtained with mature 17K IL-1α and at a lower potency with 32proIL-1α, whereas 24proIL-1α was inactive.

In conclusion, the three IL-1 bioactive proteins described here contribute to IL-1 protein heterogeneity and may serve as constitutive paracrine mediators in the testis.
GlideinWMS is a workload management and provisioning system that allows sharing computing resources distributed over independent sites. Based on the requests made by GlideinWMS frontends, a dynamically sized pool of resources is created by GlideinWMS pilot factories via pilot job submission to resource sites’ CEs. More than 400 CEs are currently serving more than ten virtual organizations through GlideinWMS, with CMS being the biggest user with 230 CEs. The complex configurations of the parameters defining resource requests, as submitted to those CEs, have been historically managed by manually editing a set of different XML files.

New possibilities arise with CMS adopting the CRIC, an information system that collects, aggregates, stores, and exposes, among other things, computing resource data coming from various data providers. The paper will describe the challenges faced when CMS started to use CRIC to automatically generate the GlideinWMS factory configurations. The architecture of the prototype, and the ancillary tools developed to ease this transition, will be discussed.

Finally, future plans and milestones will be outlined.
Measurements of ${B}_{c}^{+}$ production and mass are performed with the decay mode ${B}_{c}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}J/\ensuremath{\psi}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ using $0.37\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of data collected in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}$ by the LHCb experiment. The ratio of the production cross section times branching fraction between the ${B}_{c}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}J/\ensuremath{\psi}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ and the ${B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}J/\ensuremath{\psi}{K}^{+}$ decays is measured to be $\mathbf{(}0.68\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.10(\mathrm{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03(\mathrm{syst})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05(\mathrm{\text{lifetime}})\mathbf{)}%$ for ${B}_{c}^{+}$ and ${B}^{+}$ mesons with transverse momenta ${p}_{\mathrm{T}}>4\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}/c$ and pseudorapidities $2.5<\ensuremath{\eta}<4.5$. The ${B}_{c}^{+}$ mass is directly measured to be $6273.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.3(\mathrm{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.6(\mathrm{syst})\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}/{c}^{2}$, and the measured mass difference with respect to the ${B}^{+}$ meson is $M({B}_{c}^{+})\ensuremath{-}M({B}^{+})=994.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.3(\mathrm{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.6(\mathrm{syst})\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}/{c}^{2}$.
The results of experimental investigations of the features of diffusion combustion during the interaction of a round supersonic microjet of air in the center and a coaxial (coflowing ring) jet of hydrogen.

Such combustion is accompanied by a number of new phenomena: the formation of a cone-shaped flame near the nozzle cutoff, the locking of the combustion region in this cone, the presence of small-scale supersonic cells in the resulting flow, and the formation of laminar sections and their turbulization.
The cultivated potato Solanum tuberosum L. is the fourth most important crop worldwide. Anthocyanins synthesis and accumulation in potato tissues are considered as one of important traits related to stress resistance and nutritional value. It is considered that the major regulatory gene for anthocyanin biosynthesis is R2R3 MYB-encoding gene StAN1. However, the genetic control of pigmentation of different potato tissues is substantially under investigated. The development of genetic markers for breeding of potato with specific pigmentation pattern remains an actual task.

We investigated 36 potato varieties and hybrids with different pigmentation of tubers and leaves. Sequence organization of regulatory R2R3 MYB (StAN1, StMYBA1, StMYB113), bHLH (StbHLH1, StJAF13) and WD40 (StWD40) genes potentially controlling anthocyanin biosynthesis has been evaluated. The results demonstrated a high variability in the StAN1 third exon and promoter region with the exception for 35 bp, containing elements for the transcription start and activation of gene expression in roots. The analysis of transcriptional activity of genes coding R2R3 MYBs, bHLHs and WD40 transcriptional factors in leaves of eight potato genotypes with different anthocyanin pigmentation was performed.

The results showed a relation between the gene expression level and plant pigmentation only for the StAN1 and StWD40 genes, while other studied genes had either strong expression in all varieties and hybrids (StMYBA1, StbHLH1 and StJAF13) or they were not expressed at all (StMYB113).It was found that StAN1 is the major regulatory gene controlling potato anthocyanin synthesis. However, diagnostic markers developed for the functional StAN1 alleles (StAN1777 and StAN1816) can not be used efficiently for prediction of potato pigmentation patterns. It is likely that the sequence organization of StAN1 promoter is important for anthocyanin synthesis control and the development of additional diagnostic markers is necessary.
A model of the polarization of dust particles with trapped ions in an external electric field is presented. It is based on the self-consistent solution of the integral balance equation for trapped ion density and Poisson equation for the electric potential.

It is shown that, in a low collisional regime, trapped ions form a spread shell with a maximum located at some distance from the charged dust particle proportional to the ion Debye length. The estimated polarizability of dusty "quasiatoms" is very high and depends on the strength of the external electric field due to the field ionization of trapped ions. With increase in the electric field, the dusty "quasiatom" loses their trapped ions from far orbits due to the field ionization. The radius of the dusty "quasiatom" ionic shell becomes smaller, and the coefficient of polarizability decreases.
BACKGROUND: «The vicious circle» of associations of diabetes mellitus (DM) with pancreatic pathology, when pancreatic diseases can initiate DM, and type 2 DM — cause functional and organic pancreatic pathology, determines the search for possible associations. Some studies have established a relationship between TNF or TP53 polymorphisms with DM or with pancreatic diseases.

AIMS: to determine and compare fasting plasma glucose and the frequency of hyperglycemia in patients with acute pancreatitis (APp), chronic pancreatitis (CPp), pancreatic cancer (PCp) depending on gender, etiology or stage of the disease, polymorphism -308G/A TNF gene in all patients, and polymorphism 72Arg/Pro gene TP53 in PCp.. MATERIALS AND METHODS: At the observational multicenter clinical cross-sectional uncontrolled case-study 44 APp, 97 CPp and 45 PCp were examined; the groups were comparable by sex/age. Informed consent form for participate in the study was obtained from all patients. The main outcome of the study: frequency of hyperglycemia in APp, CPp, PCp, considering the polymorphism TNF and TP53 genes.

CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of FGP≥7,0 mmol/l did not differ for various pancreatic disease and was not associated with the risk of pancreatic necrosis and “defined” CP. The -308G/A polymorphism TNF gene did not differ in APp, CPp or PCp and was not associated with impaired carbohydrate metabolism. The 72Arg/Pro polymorphism TP53 gene in PCp was not associated with impaired carbohydrate metabolism.
Nowadays, it is vitally necessary that conceptually new methods be used in petroleum geology. The aim of this paper is to outline new trends and approaches in petroleum geology; to substantiate the necessity for rehabilitation cycles in the process of oilfield development, especially at its active stage; to define the perturbation threshold for equilibrium of a fluid-saturated system. In this paper, an empirical estimation is given of the value of critical perturbation of an equilibrium fluid-saturated system during the oilfield development, equal to formation depression of 5-8 MPa. The author’s conclusion is that at present efforts should be focused on the efficient science-based development of the active oilfields in order to produce the residual (hard-to-extract) oil in a soft, sparing and non-damaging way, as well as on discovering new hydrocarbon accumulations, including secondary ones, throughout the whole stratigraphic section, with all depth horizons and various rock-fluid associations, in regions where a well-developed diversified infrastructure is already available. The use of rehabilitation cycles will make it possible to restore the energy potential of the stratum and filtration properties of the rock. In the long run, it will provide for an increased longevity of the object and higher final oil recovery.
Superoxide (O2-•) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many human diseases including hypertension. Mitochondria-targeted superoxide scavenger mitoTEMPO reduces blood pressure; however, the structure–functional relationships in antihypertensive effect of mitochondria-targeted nitroxides remain unclear. The nitroxides are known to undergo bioreduction into hydroxylamine derivatives which reacts with O2-• with much lower rate. The nitroxides of pyrrolidine series (proxyls) are much more resistant to bioreduction compared to TEMPOL derivatives suggesting that mitochondria-targeted proxyls can be effective antioxidants with antihypertensive activity.

In this work we have designed and studied two new pyrrolidine mitochondria targeted nitroxides: 3-[2-(triphenyphosphonio)acetamido]- and 3-[2-(triphenyphosphonio) acetamidomethyl]-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine-1-oxyl (mCP2) and (mCP1). These new mitochondria targeted nitroxides have 3- to 7-fold lower rate constants of the reaction with O2-• compared with mitoTEMPO; however, the cellular bioreduction of mCP1 and mCP2 was 3- and 2-fold slower. As a consequence incubation with cells afforded much higher intracellular concentration of mCP1 and mCP2 nitroxides compared to mitoTEMPO nitroxide. This has compensated for the difference in the rate of O2-• scavenging and all nitroxides similarly protected mitochondrial respiration in H2O2 treated endothelial cells. Treatment of hypertensive mice with mCP1 and mCP2 (1.4 mg/kg/day) after onset of angiotensin II-induced hypertension significantly reduced blood pressure to 133±5 mmHg and 129±6 mmHg compared to 163±5 mmHg in mice infused with angiotensin II alone. mCP1 and mCP2 reduced vascular O2-• and prevented decrease of endothelial nitric oxide production.

These data indicate that resistance to bioreduction play significant role in antioxidant activity of nitroxides. Studies of nitroxide analogs such as mCP1 and mCP2 may help in optimization of chemical structure of mitochondria-targeted nitroxides for improved efficacy and pharmacokinetics of these drugs in treatment of hypertension and many other conditions including atherosclerosis, diabetes and degenerative neurological disorders in which mitochondrial oxidative stress seems to play a role.
The increase in the indium mole fraction in the quantum well of pHEMT heterostructures with donor-acceptor doping causes an increase in the 2DEG concentration from 2.2· 1012 cm-2 to 3.9· 1012 cm-2 and a decrease in mobility from 7900 cm2V-1s-1 to 7500 cm2V-1s-1 at room temperature. The temperature dependencies of 2DEG mobility show that the deformation potential scattering grows at increment of indium mole fraction in quantum well. Absolute values of the deformation potential are approximately two times smaller than the widely used values and increases with increasing of indium mole fraction.
These letters reveal the details of Peter I’s stay in Copenhagen, different German cities, and the Netherlands during his second European voyage. As one of the leaders of the Russian foreign ministry and a close companion of the tsar, Shafirov was at the centre of many of the political and domestic events that occurred during this tour.

This article examines correspondence between Baron P. P. Shafirov and Prince A. D. Menshikov from the spring of 1716 to the summer of 1717. Published here for the first time, Shafirov’s letters come down to us in the form of copies made in Menshikov’s chancellery in February 1723: these are kept in fond 198 (A. D. Menshikov) of RGADA (Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts).

The information in these letters is multisided. Firstly, one finds important military and political reports. While these historical narratives are rather well-known, Shafirov provides additional interesting details. Secondly, these letters are of interest because they provide news about the movement of Peter I and his wife, Tsarina Yekaterina Alekseevna, around Europe. Of particular note are the baron’s reports about the tsar’s serious illness in Amsterdam during the winter of 1716-17. The epistles also clarify the dates and routes that the tsar took, allow us to look at the climate in the countries where he stayed, and provide details about transport and communication links. Thirdly, and rather indirectly, the correspondence helps us to reconstruct the nature of the relationship between Shafirov and Menshikov and their families. All of these reasons make Shafirov’s letters a valuable historical source. Their significance is fully revealed when analysed alongside analogous documentation connected with Peter the Great’s second tour of Europe and the Great Northern War in general.
Application of microdissected DNA libraries and DNA probes in numerous and various modern molecular cytogenetic studies showed them as an efficient and reliable tool in the analysis of chromosome reorganization during karyotypic evolution and in the diagnosis of human chromosome pathology. An important advantage of DNA probe generation by metaphase chromosome microdissection followed by sequence-independent polymerase chain reaction in comparison with the method of DNA probe generation using chromosome sorting is the possibility of DNA probe preparation from chromosomes of an individual sample without cell line establishment for the production of a large number of metaphase chromosomes. One of the main requirements for successful application of this technique is a possibility for identification of the chromosome of interest during its dissection and collection of its material from metaphase plates spread on the coverslip. In the present study, we developed and applied a technique for generation of microdissected DNA probes in the case when chromosome identification during microdissection appeared to be impossible. The technique was used for generation of two sets of Whole Chromosome Paints (WCPs) from all chromosomes of two species of free-living flatworms in the genus Macrostomum, M. mirumnovem and M. cliftonensis. The single-copy chromosome technique including separate collection of all chromosomes from one metaphase plate allowed us to generate WCPs that painted specifically the original chromosome by Chromosome In Situ Suppression Hybridization (CISS-Hybridization). CISS-Hybridization allowed identifying the original chromosome(s) used for DNA probe generation. Pooled WCPs derived from homologous chromosomes increased the intensity and specificity of chromosome painting provided by CISS-Hybridization. In the result, the obtained DNA probes appeared to be good enough for application in our studies devoted to analysis of karyotypic evolution in the genus Macrostomum and for analysis of chromosome rearrangements among the worms of laboratory cultures of M. mirumnovem.