Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
The hyperpolarization of heteronuclei via signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) was investigated under conditions of heterogeneous catalysis and microtesla magnetic fields. Immobilization of [IrCl(COD)(IMes)], [IMes=1,3‐bis(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl), imidazole‐2‐ylidene; COD=cyclooctadiene] catalyst onto silica particles modified with amine linkers engenders an effective heterogeneous SABRE (HET‐SABRE) catalyst that was used to demonstrate a circa 100‐fold enhancement of 15 N NMR signals in 15 N‐pyridine at 9.4 T following parahydrogen bubbling within a magnetic shield. No 15 N NMR enhancement was observed from the supernatant liquid following catalyst separation, which along with XPS characterization supports the fact that the effects result from SABRE under heterogeneous catalytic conditions. The technique can be developed further for producing catalyst‐free agents via SABRE with hyperpolarized heteronuclear spins, and thus is promising for biomedical NMR and MRI applications.
the usual Ramsey method (using two equal pulses) as well as with single-pulse Rabi spectroscopy

non-standard optical Ramsey schemes that use pulses individually tailored in duration, phase, and frequency to cancel spurious frequency shifts related to the excitation itself

Atom interferometers and optical clocks based on two-photon transitions, heavily forbidden transitions, or magnetically induced spectroscopy could significantly benefit from this method. In the latter case these frequency shifts can be suppressed considerably below a fractional level of 10^{-17}. Moreover, our approach opens the door for the high-precision optical clocks based on direct frequency comb spectroscopy
The problem is related to ultrasound tomography for early breast cancer detection.

In this paper the problem of modeling the acoustic radiation pattern of source is considered. The problem is formulated in the form of control problem for the 2D first-order system of hyperbolic equations.

The modelling of the acoustic radiation patterns of sources allows us to improve the resolution of acoustic tomography.
The paper presents new data on the internal structure of super-deep (sublithospheric) diamonds from Saõ-Luiz river placers (Brazil) and from alluvial placers of the northeastern Siberian platform (Yakutia). The sublithospheric origin of these diamonds is supported by the presence of mineral inclusions corresponding to associations of the transition zone and lower mantle. The features of morphology and internal structure have been studied by optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cathodoluminescence topography (CL), and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) techniques. Diamonds typically have complicated growth histories displaying alternating episodes of growth, dissolution, and post-growth deformation and crushing processes. Most crystals have endured both plastic and brittle deformation during the growth history. Abundant deformation and resorption/growth features suggest a highly dynamic growth environment for super-deep diamonds. High temperatures expected in the transition zone and lower mantle could explain the plastic deformations of super-deep diamonds with low nitrogen content.
Concept of photon neutralizer for large ITER like NBI system has been proposed. The use of proposed concept allows beam neutralization with significantly lower requirements concerning optical radiation quality in comparison with resonance schemes, also there is no need for complicated stabilization and tuning system.
Based on the Inspec's data, the results of information search carried out using specialized terms, after studying the dynamics of their use for 2000-2011 years of publications, were diagnosed

analyses of publishing interactions among SB RAS scientific centers are shown
This article introduces an unusual complex of anthropomorphic and zoomorphic artifacts from a Bronze Age cemetery at the Tourist-2 settlement, situated in the center of Novosibirsk. Given their context, motifs, and style, they were apparently ritual artifacts. Human-like, animal-like, and bird-like figures limn mythological ideas. They are so unusual that we may speak of a separate style. Despite being very different, all the figurines have common features, both artistic and iconographic. They are generally rather realistic, showing similar features such as tattoo. Yet they are stylized and share certain conventions attesting to an established canon. All these characteristics, as well as the context, suggest that the representations belong to a single style that we tentatively refer to as “Krokhalevka” style— a distinct variety of Siberian native ritual art. In our view, this style is autochthonous, originating from local Neolithic art under a marked influence of adjacent Early and Middle Bronze Age cultures, such as Okunev, Karakol, Samus, Krotovo, and Odinovo. Judging by the motifs and manner, the “Krokhalevka” tradition might have affectedKulai art, especially repousse.
The results of an experiment to determine the composition of selenium, nitrogen and sulfur-containing compounds in the vapor-gas phase above the surface of the autoclaved sample of the waste substance of the Ursk sulfide-containing gold mining waste (Kemerovo region) and with the addition of a cultured bacterium of the Bacillus mycoides species are presented.
We report the results of a characterization study of several types of cryogenic photo-multipliers manufactured by Hamamatsu Photonics and intended for operation in liquid Ar conditions, namely: compact 2-inch R6041-506MOD tubes, 3-inch R11065-10 and R11065-MOD tubes for operation in liquid Ar and 3-inch R11410-20 tubes originally designed for operation in liquid Xe. These types of PMT are proposed for installation into the future two-phase cryogenic avalanche detector that is developed in the Laboratory of Cosmology and Particle Physics of the Novosibirsk State University jointly with the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics. Eight R11065 PMTs and seven R11410-20 tubes were tested and all demonstrated excellent performance in liquid Ar in terms of gain and relative single electron efficiency. All 3-inch PMTs showed a maximal gain in liquid Ar above 5x106 and relative single electron efficiency higher than 95%. Compact R6041-506MOD tubes have dynode system different from that of the 3-inch photomultipliers and thus their single electron energy resolution and relative efficiency is much worse than that of 3-inch tubes. From 21 2-inch PMTs only 12 tubes were selected with acceptable, i.e. higher than 75%, relative single electron efficiency and the maximal gain higher than 5x106. However, these PMTs are very attractive because they are the only compact type of tubes that can operate in liquid Ar.
Human migrations in the southern region of the West Siberian Plain during the Bronze Age: Archaeological, palaeogenetic and anthropological data was published in Population Dynamics in Prehistory and Early History on page 93.
There are evidences that obese women exhibit a detrimental oocyte quality. However, it remains unclear how this change is associated with obesity, indirectly – or directly through a change in the content and/or composition of lipids in oocytes. The aim of this work was to study effects of a high-fat diet applied to female donor mice on the amount and qualitative composition of lipids of immature and in vivo matured oocytes. A high-fat diet caused larger body weight in female mice compared with the control (p < 0.001; 44.77±1.46 and 35.22±1.57, respectively), and increased the blood levels of cholesterol (p < 0.05; 2.06±0.10 and 1.78±0.10, respectively) and triglycerides (p < 0.05; 2.13±0.23 and 1.49±0.21, respectively). At the same time, this diet does not affect the level of unsaturation of lipids in immature (0.207±0.004 in the experiment and 0.206±0.002 in the control) and matured oocytes (0.212±0.005 in the experiment and 0.211±0.003 in the control). Total lipid content increased during in vivo maturation of mouse oocytes. The amount of lipids was greater in mature oocytes in the experimental group compared to the control (p < 0.01; 8.15±0.37 and 5.83±0.14, respectively). An increase in intracellular lipid amount during oocyte maturation was revealed both after a standard diet (p < 0.05; 4.72±0.48 and 5.83±0.14, respectively) and after a fat-rich diet (p < 0.001; 3.45±0.62 and 8.15±0.37, respectively). Thus, during in vivo oocyte maturation in mice the content of intracellular lipids enhanced, the high-fat diet aggravated this dynamics of lipid increase during in vivo maturation of oocytes.
This article examines comparatively legislation on the public-private partnership in the countries of Eurasian Economic Union and the relationship with Model Law “On Public-Private Partnership” adopted within the framework of the Commonwealth of Independent States. It is argued that the national acts of such countries could be improved and harmonized by developing their categorial apparatus and the extension of permissive regulation of public-private partnership. The legal qualification of an agreement on public-private partnership and other investment contracts with the participation of the State stipulated in other laws is also examined. It is concluded that such agreements comprise not only private, but also public law elements and might be regulated in special legislation containing rules of civil and public law on the basis of balancing private and public interests in public-private partnership.
The active expansion of foreign potato cultivars on the territory of the Russian Federation has led to a change in the dominant pathogen species and to the emergence of new pathotypes of causal agents of harmful potato diseases.

The aim of the study was to evaluate resistance to Phytophthora infestans and Globodera rostochiensis of modern potato cultivars and determine the distribution of fungal and oomycetic diseases on potato cultivars in various agroclimatic zones of Russia. The resistance of 41 foreign cultivars was evaluated to pathotype Ro1 G. rostochiensis and to isolate VZR17 P. infestans with virulence genes 1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11. A phytopathological test was conducted on 92 samples of 39 varieties of seed potatoes from four federal districts of the Russian Federation: Volga, NorthWest, Central and North Caucasus.

Resistant to G. rostochiensis were 38 cultivars. 57R marker of the H1 gene conferring resistance to the Ro1 pathotype of G. rostochiensis was detected in 96.6 % of the nematode resistant cultivars studied; susceptible varieties did not possess this marker. Absolute resistance to the causative agent of late blight was demonstrated by the cultivars Alouette and Sarpo Mira (score 9); high levels of resistance (score 6 and 7) were determined for the cultivars Evolution, Red Fantasy and Ricarda. The cultivars Baltic Rose, Damaris, Desiree, Gala, Labella, Laperla, Mia, Sanibel, Zekura, Queen Anne, Red Lady and '7 for 7' were classified as susceptible, although the characteristics of originators indicated average resistance to late blight. Rhizoctonia solani , Fusarium spp. and Helminthosporium solani are most common on all varieties. 100 % defeat of tubers by H. solani was recorded in various regions on the cultivars Red Scarlett, Evolution, Labella, Colombo, Gala and Nevsky. Widespread Colletotrichum coccodes on tubers of the elite and 2nd reproductions of the potato cultivar Red Scarlett (50.0–71.4 %) was recorded in the Central District.
Two analogues of Korn’s inequality on Heisenberg groups are constructed. First, the norm of the horizontal differential is estimated in terms of its symmetric part. Second, Korn’s inequality is treated as a coercive estimate for a differential operator whose kernel coincides with the Lie algebra of the isometry group. For this purpose, we construct a differential operator whose kernel coincides with the Lie algebra of the isometry group on Heisenberg groups and prove a coercive estimate for this operator. Additionally, a coercive estimate is proved for a differential operator whose kernel coincides with the Lie algebra of the group of conformal mappings on Heisenberg groups.
The number of people with inﬂammatory bowel disease (IBD) is constantly increasing worldwide. The main factors that have eﬀects on the etiology of the disease are genetic, environmental and immunological. However, the mechanism of disease development and eﬀective treatment of IBD have not yet been found. Animal models help address these problems. The most popular model is considered to be transgenic models in which individual genes are knocked out. One of such models for the study of IBD are mice with a null mutation of the Muc2 gene encoding the Mucin-2 protein, which is involved in the formation of a protective mucin layer in the small and large intestine. Some of transcription factors that change the expression of intestinal genes are involved in the development of IBD and colorectal cancer.

In this study, we assessed the role of Kaiso in the development of intestinal inﬂammation using the experimental model of C57BL/6 Muc2 -/- Kaiso -/-. We have shown that mice with impaired intestinal barrier function that develop processes similar to human IBD also develop inﬂammatory responses, such as increased expression of Il1 , Tnf and Il17a genes. The defciency of the Kaiso transcription factor in Mucin-2 knockout mice causes a decrease in the expression level of only the Cox2 and T ﬀ 3 genes.

Perhaps a decline in the expression of the gene encoding cyclooxygenase-2 can lead to a decrease in the expression of the antibacterial factor Trefoil factor 3. However, in the experimental model of IBD, Kaiso protein did not play a signifcant role in the regulation of pro-inﬂammatory cytokines of tumor necrosis factor and interleukins 1 and 17.
A two-level iterative algorithm for finding stationary solutions of coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations describing the propagation dynamics of an electromagnetic pulse in multimode and multicore optical fibers of various structures was developed and tested.

Using as an example the proposed analytical soliton solution which is localized in space and time, test calculations were performed,

and the convergence of the algorithm was demonstrated.
Landau level spectroscopy has been employed to probe the electronic structure of the valence band in a series of p-type HgTe/HgCdTe quantum wells with both normal and inverted ordering of bands.

We find that the standard axial-symmetric 4-band Kane model, which is nowadays widely applied in physics of HgTe-based topological materials, does not fully account for the complex magneto-optical response observed in our experiments - notably, for the unexpected avoided crossings of excitations and for the appearance of transitions that are electric-dipole forbidden within this model.

Nevertheless, reasonable agreement with experiments is achieved when the standard model is expanded to include effects of bulk and interface inversion asymmetries. These remove the axial symmetry, and among other, profoundly modify the shape of valence bands.
基于Mie散射理论

开发了计算多分散介质中光学辐射散射相函数的软件，采用特殊技术加速散射粒子半径积分，提高散射相函数计算速率，并实现彩虹、光晕和日冕等光学现象的计算机可视化

使用开发的软件对大量已知云和雾模型的散射相函数进行了详细分析，并创建了这些模型固有的光学现象（彩虹、光晕和日冕）的计算机图像
MicroRNAs proceeds through the different canonical and non-canonical pathways; the most frequent of the non-canonical ones is the splicing-dependent biogenesis of mirtrons.

We compare the mirtrons and non-mirtrons of human and mouse to explore how their maturation appears in the precursor structure around the miRNA. We found the coherence of the overhang lengths what indicates the dependence between the cleavage sites. To explain this dependence we suggest the 2-lever model of the Dicer structure that couples the imprecisions in Drosha and Dicer. Considering the secondary structure of all animal pre-miRNAs we confirmed that single-stranded nucleotides tend to be located near the miRNA boundaries and in its center and are characterized by a higher mutation rate. The 5′ end of the canonical 5′ miRNA approaches the nearest single-stranded nucleotides what suggests the extension of the loop-counting rule from the Dicer to the Drosha cleavage site. A typical structure of the annotated mirtron pre-miRNAs differs from the canonical pre-miRNA structure and possesses the 1- and 2 nt hanging ends at the hairpin base. Together with the excessive variability of the mirtron Dicer cleavage site (that could be partially explained by guanine at its ends inherited from splicing) this is one more evidence for the 2-lever model. Finally, we considered the interference of the pre-miRNA structure and the U2snRNA:pre-mRNA basepairing. We analyzed the location of the branchpoints and found that mirtron structure tends to expose the branchpoint site what suggests that the mirtrons can readily evolve from occasional hairpins in the immediate neighbourhood of the 3′ splice site.

In contrast with the canonical miRNAs the mirtrons have higher snp densities and their pre-miRNAs are inversely associated with diseases. Therefore we supported the view that mirtrons are under positive selection while canonical miRNAs are under negative one and we suggested that mirtrons are an intrinsic source of silencing variability which produces the disease-promoting variants. The miRNA biogenesis manifests itself in the footprints of the secondary structure. Close inspection of these structural properties can help to uncover new pathways of miRNA biogenesis and to refine the known miRNA data, in particular, new non-canonical miRNAs may be predicted or the known miRNAs can be re-classified.
SABRE is a method that exploits the spin order of parahydrogen (the H2 molecule in its nuclear singlet state) for hyper-polarizing the spins of various substrates to enhance their NMR signals. An important feature of SABRE is that the substrate is not modified chemically; instead, spin order transfer takes place in a transient complex with parahydrogen. In high-field SABRE experiments, such a transfer is achieved by using suitable NMR excitation schemes.

A theoretical approach is proposed for quantitative modeling of SABRE experiments performed using an NMR spectrometer at a high magnetic field. The approach presented here can explicitly treat the spin dynamics in the SABRE complex as well as the kinetics of substrate exchange (between the free and bound form) and complex interplay of spin evolution and chemical processes. One more important effect included in the model is the alteration of the spin state of parahydrogen giving rise to the formation of anti-phase spin order from the initial singlet order.

Such a treatment enables a detailed analysis of known high-field SABRE schemes, quantitative comparison with experiments, and elucidation of the key factors that limit the resulting NMR signal enhancement.
A simplified numerical approach to modeling of dissipative dispersion-managed fiber lasers is examined.

We present a new numerical iteration algorithm for finding the periodic solutions of the system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations describing the intra-cavity dynamics of the dissipative soliton characteristics in dispersion-managed fiber lasers.

We demonstrate that results obtained using simplified model are in good agreement with full numerical modeling based on the corresponding partial differential equations.
For a long time, functional Java programming was not possible. However, lambda expressions appeared in version 8 of the Java language. Due to the support of standard library classes (Stream, Optional, etc.) in Java, it became possible to describe transformations over data in a functional style. Java is a rather old language with a large imperative code base written in it. In order to take advantage of the new approach, it is necessary to perform a non-trivial refactoring, which can be very tedious and error prone when applied manually. Fortunately, for a sufficiently large number of situations, this refactoring can be safely performed automatically. Using IntelliJ Idea as a platform software tool was developed that allows you to find places where it is possible to automatically convert an imperative code to an equivalent code that uses Stream API, as well as an automatic fix that allows you to make a replacement. Refactoring uses IntelliJ Idea framework to analyze Java code, and integrates into the IDE itself. One of the main criteria for the correct operation of the algorithm is the security of this transformation. The user cannot trust the tool if the transformation can change the semantics of the code. This article discusses various constraints that are imposed on code patterns so that transformation without distortion of semantics is possible. Refactoring has been tested in various libraries to verify the semantics are preserved by checking the test results before and after applying refactoring. This article will not describe the impact of using the Stream API on the performance of the application.
A key advantage of amino-modified SiO2 nanoparticles for delivery of phosphorylated nucleosides is a broad possibility for functionalization. It can be modified with ligands currently investigated in targeted drug delivery.

To improve the efficacy for intracellular delivery, SiO2 nanoparticles were functionalized with tumor-targeting ligands folic acid, biotin or 5-fluorouracil. Studies of accumulation of these conjugates in HCT116 colon carcinoma cells revealed that the uptake of modified conjugates was significantly bigger compared to unmodified nanoparticles, with the biotinylated conjugate as the preferred compound. The nanocomposites of biotin modified SiO2 and 2′,3′-dideoxyuridine triphosphate showed a pronounced antiproliferative potency relative to the unmodified nanocomposites.

Thus, multi-functionalization of SiO2 nanoparticle based conjugates has a major potential for delivery of nucleoside triphosphate analogues, therefore tentatively enhancing their bioactivity.
Chromosome 1 with one or two long insertions has been previously found in natural mouse populations.

The inheritance of chromosome 1 with two insertions from the Yakutsk population is analysed in this paper. It was demonstrated that heterozygous females transmit this chromosome to 80-85% of offspring. The observations made at M II, in conjunction with the recombination data, allowed us to conclude that preferential passage of the chromosome 1 with insertions to the oocyte and egg, rather than to the first and second polar bodies at meiosis, is the causative factor of the distorted segregation.

A meiotic drive of such potency has not been previously reported for female mammals. The possible mechanism of the drive is discussed.
Angular distributions of photons with definite linear polarizations relative to the plane spanned by the momentum of initial electron and the total momentum of the V 1 V 1 pair in the reaction e + e − → V → γ X ( J P ) → γV 1 V 1 ( V = J / ψ , ψ ′,…, Υ(1 S ), Υ,… and V 1 = ρ , ω , ϕ ,…) are calculated.

It is shown that the sign of asymmetry of the distributions of photons polarized in the above plane and orthogonal to it correlates with the signature P (−1) J of the X resonance with given spin-parity J P = 0 ± , 1 ± , 2 ±

so it may help to establish this quantum number in a way which does not depend on the specific model of the X ( J P ) → V 1 V 1 amplitude.