Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
The review gives a brief description of tomato, one of the main objects of olericulture for Siberia. The data on the main directions in the breeding of this culture, such as resistance to various pathogens, the nutritional properties of fruits, the timing of their maturation and storage are generalized. A separate chapter is devoted to the use of various types of DNA markers for constructing detailed genetic maps of the specified object, which, along with full-genome sequencing data, can be used to screen for genes responsible for breeding traits. Most of these traits, especially specific resistance to one or another pathogen, were transferred to the cultivated tomato by crossing with wild species, therefore, special attention was paid in the article to identifying and marking resistance genes to a variety of viral, fungal and bacterial pathogens occurring in Western Siberia and adjacent areas. Another important aspect for breeding is the nutrient content of tomato fruits, including carotenoids, vitamins, sugars, organic acids, etc. Recently, due to modern technologies of sequencing, SNP-genotyping, the development of new bioinformatic approaches, it has become possible to establish genetic cascades determining the biochemical composition of tomato fruits, to identify key genes that can be used in the future for marker-associated selection of nutritional value. And, finally, genetic works devoted to the problem of the optimal dates of fruit ripening in certain climatic conditions and their prolonged storage without loss of quality are discussed.
Bumetanide has anxiolytic effects in rat models of conditioned fear. As a loop diuretic, bumetanide blocks cation-chloride co-transport and this property may allow bumetanide to act as an anxiolytic by modulating GABAergic synaptic transmission in the CNS. Its potential for the treatment of anxiety disorders deserves further investigation. In this study, we evaluated the possible involvement of the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala in the anxiolytic effect of bumetanide.
We present a method for and results of determination of the field of integral density in the structure of flow corresponding to the Mach interaction of shock waves at Mach number M = 3.

The optical diagnostics of flow was performed using an interference technique based on self-adjusting Zernike filters (SA–AVT method). Numerical simulations were carried out using the CFS3D program package for solving the Euler and Navier–Stokes equations.

Quantitative data on the distribution of integral density on the path of probing radiation in one direction of 3D flow transillumination in the region of Mach interaction of shock waves were obtained for the first time.
Stress response is essential for the organism to quickly restore physiological homeostasis disturbed by various environmental insults. In addition to well-established physiological cascades, stress also evokes various brain and behavioral responses. Aquatic animal models, including the zebrafish (Danio rerio), have been extensively used to probe pathobiological mechanisms of stress and stress-related brain disorders. Here, we critically discuss the use of zebrafish models for studying mechanisms of stress and modeling its disorders experimentally, with a particular cross-taxon focus on the potential evolution of stress responses from zebrafish to rodents and humans, as well as its translational implications.
The interaction between vicinal atomic steps and slip traces - straight monatomic steps produced on a crystal surface by the emergence of dislocations - is experimentally investigated and compared to Monte-Carlo simulations. Near the point of apparent crossing between a vicinal step and a slip trace, a checkered three-level surface relief configuration is formed, with two new combinatory steps that borders the opposite highest and lowest terraces. This configuration is unstable with respect to an anticrossing effect which consists in the formation of a nanometer scale bridge that separates the regions with the highest and lowest levels and connects the opposite regions of equal level. It is shown that such an anticrossing effect is a general phenomenon observed on various crystal surfaces, from metals to semiconductors. The anticrossing kinetics was experimentally investigated on the Au(111) surface by scanning tunneling microscopy under ultra-high vacuum. It is observed that the bridge width increases with time according to the power law with exponent β = 0.45 ± 0.01, i.e. significantly smaller than for the single-particle diffusion (β = 0.5). Monte-Carlo simulations were performed in order to clarify the involved atomic diffusion mechanisms. In particular, the competition between two microscopic mechanisms of the bridge formation is discussed, i.e., the adatom diffusion along the combinatory steps versus across the bridge from the uppermost to the lowest terrace.
Breeding work on the creation of the cultivar was carried out in Novosibirsk region on chernozem soils of the forest-steppe zone in 2004-2012 preceded by bare fallow. Observations and studies were carried out according to the conventional methods in comparative analysis with the standard cultivar Novosibirskaya 31.

Cultivar Sibirskaya 21 was created by a single individual selection from a hybrid population (Novosibirskaya 67 × Udacha) × Sibirskaya 17, obtained as a result of intraspecific hybridization by the Tvel method and the estimation of recombinants in yield, intensity of plant productivity elements, flour-baking qualities of grain and resistance to the fungal pathogens on a provocative background to artificial infection.

Cultivar Sibirskaya 21 is a variety of Lutescens. It is a mid-early cultivar, with the growing period of 72-82 days. Plant height is 95-105 cm. The average yield in fallow over the years of competitive variety testing amounted to 3.27 t/ha, which is 0.57 t/ha higher than the standard. The maximum yield was 6 t/ha. The cultivar is characterized by high drought resistance. In the highly arid year 2012, the yield was 1.97 t/ha, which is higher than the standard by 0.59 t/ha. Baking qualities of grain are average. The weight of 1000 grains is 29.0-37.0 g. The nature of the grain is 750-800 g/l. The content of crude gluten is 28.0 – 36.0%. The volume output of bread is 500-640 cm3/100 g. The total baking score is 3.7-4.2 points. The cultivar is resistant to covered and loose smut, slightly susceptible to powdery mildew, and moderately susceptible to leaf brown rust. The cultivar is included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements for the West Siberian region. It is recommended for cultivation in different areas of the Altai territory, Novosibirsk and Omsk regions.
In this paper we solved the problem of detecting and detailed analysis of the characteristics of coherent structures in non-swirling and swirling turbulent jets from the 3D PIV experiment and DNS modelling database. To solve the problem intellectual approaches of computer vision based on deep neural networks were applied. It is shown that with the use of a generative competitive neural network, it is possible to reconstruct the structure and dynamics of a turbulent flow with an increased spatial resolution, which is important for analysis and interpretation. The approach is based on a modification of the loss function, which minimizes the residual part of the hydrodynamic equations (the continuity equations and the Poisson equation) for the reconstructed data. It is shown that generative models are more effective in the reconstruction of high moments of turbulent flow than conventional methods POD and DMD. Using a fully convolutional neural network, an automatic segmentation of the turbulent jet flow region and the external environment based on instantaneous velocity and pressure fields was carried out. For a swirling jet, the area of reversed flow is identified. It is shown that the complex of the developed machine learning algorithms successfully copes with the localization of coherent structures, the detection of their trajectory, characteristic size and phase propagation velocity. The obtained new fundamental information is important for a deeper understanding of the role of vortex structures in mixing processes in a jet flow. The developed complex of algorithms for the identification and analysis of characteristics of coherent structures can be applied to a database of measurements and numerical simulation of a wide class of hydrodynamic flows.
This article is devoted to the analysis of social and cultural transformation of communities in remote regions of Siberia where people have been forced to adapt to new places of residence and change their living conditions sharply.Whole communities were forced to relocate and to adapt to new conditions following the construction of hydroelectric power stations and the subsequent creation of reservoirs, flooding once inhabited territories and villages.

This study makes use of sociological research conducted in two regions of Siberia: Kezhemsky and Evenkiysky Municipal Districts of Krasnoyarsk Krai.

Our study shows that the elimination of stable family and friend networks accompanies displacement inevitably.The situation is exacerbated by the fact that when planning for the construction of giant hydroelectric power stations, authorities have not taken into consideration the interests of the local population -neither in the Soviet period nor in the post-Soviet period.The authors show that most of the inhabitants of the flooded villages on the Angara are now living in suburbs of major cities like Krasnoyarsk and Abakan and that they are rapidly losing their former identity.It is rare that existing modes of living are maintained through refusal to move to other regions of the country.In one case the unique local culture of descendants of Pomors, who moved to the banks of the Angara several centuries ago, has been lost due to forced displacement.In Evenkiysky District, the preservation of many cultural practices and traditions is possible only if there is no construction of proposed hydroelectric power stations.
The next generation of atomic frequency standards based on an ensemble of neutral atoms or a single-ion will provide very stringent tests in metrology, applied and fundamental physics requiring a new step in very precise control of external systematic corrections.

In the proceedings of the 8th Symposium on Frequency Standards and Metrology, we present a generalization of the recent Hyper-Ramsey spectroscopy with separated oscillating fields using composites pulses in order to suppress field frequency shifts induced by the interrogation laser itself. Sequences of laser pulses including specific selection of phases, frequency detunings and durations are elaborated to generate spectroscopic signals with a strong reduction of the light-shift perturbation by off resonant states.

New optical clocks based on weakly allowed or completely forbidden transitions in atoms, ions, molecules and nuclei will benefit from these generalized Ramsey schemes to reach relative accuracies well below the 10$^{-18}$ level.
Despite guidelines on DLP treatment and the availability of effective and safe lipid-lowering drugs, control of DPL in primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is insufficient. Knowledge of the level of pharmaceutical correction of DLP in the Russian population is limited; it requires an LLT assessment in various regions and in a wide age range, and a regular monitoring taking into account changing approaches to the correction of DLP.

A random population of men and women aged 55-84 years (n=3 896) was evaluated in Novosibirsk in 2015-2017 (project HAPIEE). A joint DLP category was established as low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) ≥3.0 mmol/l, or total cholesterol (TC) ≥5.0 mmol/l, or triglycerides (TG) ≥1.7 mmol/l, or LLT. The combined group of DLP and CMD included ischemic heart disease (IHD), type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), and DLP. Regular LLD treatment for the recent 12 months, excluding the dosage of medicines, was assessed using the Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification. The conditional control of serum lipids was taken as the achievement of LDL-C <3.0 mmol/l, TC <5.0 mmol/l, and TG <1.7 mmol/l.

In the sample of urban population aged 55-84 years in 2015-2017, 90 % of patients had DLP or CMD, and at least ¾ of them required blood lipid control. The lipid control was achieved in every fifth IHD patient and in approximately 40% of those who took LLT. For DM2 or DLP patients, the lipid control was achieved in every tenth patient and in approximately 25% of those receiving LLT. Frequency of lipid control in IHD patients was comparable for men and women; in DM2 and DLP, men less frequently achieved the lipid control than women. About 70% of patients in the combined DLP and CMD group and more than 50% of IHD patients did not take LLT, which considerably contributed to the insufficient lipid control in primary and secondary prevention of atherosclerotic CVDs in this population.
It’s good known the difference in 3.5 sigma between the muon (g – 2) experimental result and its calculation in Standard Model. To clarify this intriguing discrepancy the new stage of muon (g – 2) measurement is under preparation at Fermi National Laboratory. On other hand, regular data taking for measurements of hadron cross section production in e+ e− annihilations is under way since December 2010 at the electron-positron collider VEPP-2000 with the CMD-3 and SND detectors. The collected data sample corresponds to about 60 inverse picobarns of integrated luminosity per detector in the energy range from 0.32 up to 2 GeV. Preliminary analysis of various hadronic cross sections has been performed.
A total of 63 binary polymorphisms and 10 short tandem repeats (STRs) were genotyped on a sample of 2,344 Y chromosomes from 18 Native American, 28 Asian, and 5 European populations to investigate the origin(s) of Native American paternal lineages. All three of Greenberg's major linguistic divisions (including 342 Amerind speakers, 186 Na-Dene speakers, and 60 Aleut-Eskimo speakers) were represented in our sample of 588 Native Americans. Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis indicated that three major haplogroups, denoted as C, Q, and R, accounted for nearly 96% of Native American Y chromosomes. Haplogroups C and Q were deemed to represent early Native American founding Y chromosome lineages; however, most haplogroup R lineages present in Native Americans most likely came from recent admixture with Europeans. Although different phylogeographic and STR diversity patterns for the two major founding haplogroups previously led to the inference that they were carried from Asia to the Americas separately, the hypothesis of a single migration of a polymorphic founding population better fits our expanded database. Phylogenetic analyses of STR variation within haplogroups C and Q traced both lineages to a probable ancestral homeland in the vicinity of the Altai Mountains in Southwest Siberia. Divergence dates between the Altai plus North Asians versus the Native American population system ranged from 10,100 to 17,200 years for all lineages, precluding a very early entry into the Americas.
Pathological aggregation and accumulation of α-synuclein in neurons play a core role in Parkinson’s disease (PD) while its overexpression is a common PD model. Autophagy-lysosomal pathways are general intraneural mechanisms of protein clearance. Earlier a suppressed autophagy in the brain of young transgenic mice overexpressing the А53Т-mutant human α-synuclein (mut(PD)) was revealed. Previous studies have recognized that Cystatin C displays protective activity against neurodegeneration. This cysteine protease inhibitor attracts particular attention as a potential target for PD treatment related to autophagy modulation.

Here we evaluated the mRNA levels of Cst3 encoding Cystatin C in different brain structures of 5 m.o. mut(PD) mice at standard conditions and after the chronic treatment with a neuroprotective agent, ceftriaxone (100 mg/kg, 36 days). The inflammatory markers, namely, microglial activation by IBA1 expression and mRNA levels of two chitinases genes (Chit1, Chia1), were also assessed but no significant difference was found between control and transgenic mice.

Cst3 mRNA levels were significantly reduced in the striatum and amygdala in the transgenic PD model. Furthermore, this was associated with autophagy decline and might be added to early signs of synucleinopathy development. We first demonstrated the modulation of mRNA levels of Cst3 and autophagy marker Becn1 in the brain by ceftriaxone treatment. Taken together, the results support the potential of autophagy modulation through Cystatin C at early stages of PD-like pathology.
We observe evidence for CP violation in the decay D+ → K(S)(0)π+ using a data sample with an integrated luminosity of 977 fb(-1) collected by the Belle detector at the KEKB e+ e- asymmetric-energy collider.

The CP asymmetry in the decay is measured to be (-0.363±0.094±0.067)%,

which is 3.2 standard deviations away from zero, and is consistent with the expected CP violation due to the neutral kaon in the final state.
Aim . To study the prevalence of chronic bronchitis (CB) against the background of abdominal obesity (AO) in young people aged 25–44 in Novosibirsk. Materials and methods . A simultaneous population survey of the population of 25–44 year-olds in Novosibirsk was carried out. The study included 906 people (414 men and 492 women). AO was recorded with a waist circumference of more than 94 cm in men and more than 80 cm in women. CB was recorded according to standardized epidemiological (questionnaire, pulmonary questionnaire) and functional (spirometry) criteria. Results. The prevalence of AO and CB in the population was 42.9% and 8.7%, respectively; in men 43.2% and 7.7%; in women 42.7% and 9.6%. The prevalence of CB against the background of AO in the population was 1.95 times higher ( p = 0.003) compared with individuals with CB without AO (OR = 2.08 [CI 1.302–3.333]). In women, the prevalence of CB against the background of AO was 2.15 times higher ( p = 0.005) compared with women with CB without AO (OR = 2.35 [CI 1.267–4.359]). The prevalence of CB in smokers in the population was 1.65 times higher ( p = 0.015) compared with non-smokers (OR = 1.72 [CI 1.081–2.739]). In male smokers, the prevalence of CB was 2.02 times higher ( p = 0.031) compared with non-smoking men (OR = 2.15 [CI 1.020–4.514]). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that in people aged 25–44, the presence of CB is associated with smoking [Exp(B) = 1.966, p = 0.006] and the presence of AO [Exp(B) = 2.091, p = 0.003]. Conclusion . Significant effects of AO and smoking on the development of CB in the population of 25–44 year-olds as a whole were revealed. At the same time, in men aged 25–44, the relative risk of developing CB is significantly affected by smoking, and in women aged 25–44, by the presence of AO.
The assembly of the microtubule-based spindle structure in plant meiosis remains poorly understood compared with our knowledge of mitotic spindle formation. One of the approaches in our understanding of microtubule dynamics is to study spindle assembly in meiosis of amphyhaploids. Using immunostaining with phH3Ser10, CENH3 and α-tubulin-specific antibodies, we studied the chromosome distribution and spindle organisation in meiosis of F 1 2R(2D)xR wheat-rye hybrids (genome structure ABDR, 4× = 28), as well as in wheat and rye mitosis and meiosis. At the prometaphase of mitosis, spindle assembly was asymmetric; one half of the spindle assembled before the other, with simultaneous chromosome alignment in the spindle mid-zone. At diakinesis in wheat and rye, microtubules formed a pro-spindle which was subsequently disassembled followed by a bipolar spindle assembly. In the first meiosis of hybrids 2R(2D)xR, a bipolar spindle was not found and the kinetochore microtubules distributed the chromosomes. Univalent chromosomes are characterised by a monopolar orientation and maintenance of sister chromatid and centromere cohesion. Presence of bivalents did not affect the formation of a bipolar spindle. Since the central spindle was absent, phragmoplast originates from “interpolar” microtubules generated by kinetochores. Cell plate development occurred with a delay. However, meiocytes in meiosis II contained apparently normal bipolar spindles. Thus, we can conclude that: (1) cohesion maintenance in centromeres and between arms of sister chromatids may negatively affect bipolar spindle formation in the first meiosis; (2) 2R/2D rye/wheat chromosome substitution affects the regulation of the random chromosome distribution in the absence of a bipolar spindle.
The main number of genome editing events in plant objects obtained during the last decade with the help of specific nucleases zinc finger (ZFN), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALEN), and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas are the microindels causing frameshift and subsequent gene knock-out. The knock-ins of genes or their parts, i.e., the insertion of them into a target genome region, are between one and two orders of magnitude less frequent.

First and foremost, this is associated with the specific features of the repair systems of higher eukaryotes and the availability of the donor template in accessible proximity during double-strand break (DSB) repair.

This review briefs the main repair pathways in plants according to the aspect of their involvement in genome editing. The main methods for increasing the frequency of knock-ins are summarized both along the homologous recombination pathway and non-homologous end joining, which can be used for plant objects.
The current coverage of oil wells with telemetry does not allow timely determination of deviations in the operation of about 40% of electric submersible pumps.

To solve this problem, a model of virtual sensors has been developed that allows the prediction of temperature and pressure growth at the pump intake in the absence of submersible sensors based on modern big data processing and machine learning technologies.

The developed models of virtual sensors are embedded directly into the process control system, which allows notifying the technologists and operators about a possible reduction in the planned average pump operating time and their possible failures for various reasons.
The Xist locus plays a central role in the regulation of X chromosome inactivation in mammals, although its exact mode of action remains to be elucidated. Evolutionary studies are important in identifying conserved genomic regions and defining their possible function.

Here we report cloning, sequence analysis, and detailed characterization of the Xist gene from four closely related species of common vole (field mouse), Microtus arvalis.

Our analysis reveals that there is overall conservation of Xist gene structure both between different vole species and relative to mouse and human Xist/XIST. Within transcribed sequence, there is significant conservation over five short regions of unique sequence and also over Xist-specific tandem repeats. The majority of unique sequences, however, are evolving at an unexpectedly high rate. This is also evident from analysis of flanking sequences, which reveals a very high rate of rearrangement and invasion of dispersed repeats. We discuss these results in the context of Xist gene function and evolution.