Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Jet cooling is one of the effective and active methods for thermal control of electronic devices.

The paper presents experimental data of the study of heat transfer during multi-jet cooling of a LED module at a power of 100 – 300 W. The influence of the coolant temperature at the inlet on the heat transfer enhancement is investigated. Water is used as a coolant.

It is shown that with increasing power, the temperature inhomogeneity along the LED surface increases. A significant effect of the coolant inlet temperature on the heat transfer enhancement is shown. The surface temperature of the LED module is shown to be by 10 °C lower for the coolant inlet temperature of 10 °C in comparison with the coolant inlet temperature of 25 °C at a LED power of 300 W.
The article is devoted to the directions of improvement of appeal proceedings in the civil process, identified in the analysis of legislation and practice of its application, in connection with the reform of the judicial system.

The author not only considers the questions of implementation of the court of appeal of its powers, justifies the need for disclosure of criteria allowing the direction of the court of appeal the case for a new trial in the court of first instance, the limits of choice in the exercise of judicial discretion outside of the petition of appeal, the improvement of term of making a petition of appeal, eliminate of the term 'appeal determination', enshrined in the law of procedure of familiarization with the act court of appeal and its further complaints

but also indicates ways of solving them.
The article is devoted to a town book known as Niederstadtbuch. The main attention is paid to the draft version (the so-called Urschrift) of the manuscript of this source, which is stored in the Scientific Library of Tomsk State University. The source, mainly, contains information about loans. The Latin name of the book was 'liber debitorum'.

One of the issues which the article focuses on is proofreading. First of all, the text bears corrections which were of a semantic nature. Of particular importance was the study of the strikethrough positions. Their number is 61 crossed out positions. In the course of the research was established the logic of the records' creation.

The creditor personally applied for registration of the record in the office. Cases in which it was stated that the debtor's record was made in the absence of the creditor could most likely be considered an exception to the rule. Most likely, the creditor either initiated the cancellation of the record itself or through its authorized representative. The debtor may also have initiated cancellation, as evidenced by the reference to its being held liable for
The process of the liquid spray impact on the heated surface is studied experimentally using the IR-transparent sapphire plate method.

The spatiotemporal distribution of the temperature field on the sapphire substrate surface during impacting spray is received. The obtained experimental data are an important step in a study of the local characteristics of heat transfer in the areas of the contact lines during liquid spray impact on the heated surface.

Further, the local heat fluxes and heat transfer coefficients will be determined by solving the problem of thermal conductivity in the sapphire substrate.
A discovery of the rare decay $B^{+} \rightarrow \pi^{+} \mu^{+} \mu^{-}$ is presented. This decay is observed for the first time, with 5.2 $\sigma$ significance. The observation is made using $pp$ collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb$^{-1}$, collected with the LHCb detector. The measured branching fraction is (2.3 $\pm$ 0.6 (stat.) $\pm$ 0.1 (syst.))$\times 10^{-8}$, and the ratio of the $B^{+} \rightarrow \pi^{+} \mu^{+} \mu^{-}$ and $B^{+} \rightarrow \K^{+} \mu^{+} \mu^{-}$ branching fractions is measured to be 0.053 $\pm$ 0.014 (stat.) $\pm$ 0.001 (syst.).
Background: The study of the biological basis of anxiety, depression, and intellectual disabilities in humans is one of the most actual problems of modern neurophysiology. Of particular interest is the study of complex interactions between molecular genetic factors, electrophysiological properties of the nervous system, and the behavioral characteristics of people. The neurobiological understanding of neuropsychiatric disorders requires not only the identification of genes that play a role in the molecular mechanisms of the occurrence and course of diseases, but also the understanding of complex interactions that occur between these genes. A systematic study of such interactions obviously contributes to the development of new methods of diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of disorders, as the orientation to allele variants of individual loci is not reliable enough, because the literature describes a number of genes, the same alleles of which can be associated with different, sometimes extremely different variants of phenotypic traits, depending on the genetic background, of their carriers, habitat, and other factors.

Results: In our study, we have reconstructed a series of gene networks (in the form of protein–protein interactions networks, as well as networks of transcription regulation) to build a model of the influence of complex interactions of environmental factors and genetic risk factors for intellectual disability, depression, and other disorders in human behavior.

Conclusion: A list of candidate genes whose expression is presumably associated with environmental factors and has potentially contentious manifestation for behavioral and neurological traits is identified for further experimental verification.
The Front Cover shows that the SMSI (strong metal–support interaction) observed for palladium supported on titania catalysts, along with the formation of a Pdδ+ state during high-temperature (500 °C) hydrogen treatment, dramatically reduces the pairwise hydrogen addition activity of the Pd/TiO2 catalyst. In their Communication, Kovtunov et al. demonstrate that formation of the Pdδ+ state by encapsulation of Pd metal nanoparticles, confirmed by XPS and TEM techniques, correlates with the decrease in the number of active sites responsible for pairwise hydrogen addition. Utilization of the PHIP (parahydrogen–induced polarization) technique to investigate the SMSI effects, along with TEM and XPS analysis, demonstrated that PHIP effects are more sensitive to the onset of SMSI effects compared with catalytic activity or chemisorption measurements. More details can be found in the Communication by Kovtunov et al. on page 2581 in Issue 17, 2015. (DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201500618).
The Caucasian-Arabian belt is part of the huge late Cenozoic Alpine-Himalayan orogenic belt formed by collision of continental plates. The belt consists of two domains: the Caucasian-Arabian Syntaxis (CAS) in the south and the EW-striking Greater Caucasus in the north. The CAS marks a zone of the indentation of the Arabian plate into the southern East European Craton. The Greater Caucasus Range is located in the south of the Eurasian plate; it was tectonically uplifted along the Main Caucasian Fault (MCF), which is, in turn, a part of a megafault extended over a great distance from the Kopetdag Mts. to the Tornquist-Teisseyre Trans-European Suture Zone. The Caucasus Mts. are bounded by the Black Sea from the west and by the Caspian Sea from the east.

The SN-striking CAS is characterized by a large geophysical isostatic anomaly suggesting presence of mantle plume head. A 500 km long belt of late Cenozoic volcanism in the CAS extends from the eastern Anatolia to the Lesser and Greater Caucasus ranges. This belt hosts two different types of volcanic rocks: (1) plume-type intraplate basaltic plateaus and (2) suprasubduction-type calc-alkaline and shoshonite-latite volcanic rocks.

As the CAS lacks signatures of subduction zones and is characterized by relatively shallow earthquakes (50–60 km), we suggest that the 'suprasubduction-type' magmas were derived by interaction between mantle plume head and crustal material. Those hybrid melts were originated under conditions of collision-related deformation. During the late Cenozoic, the width of the CAS reduced to ca. 400 km due to tectonic 'diffluence' of crustal material provided by the continuing Arabia-Eurasia collision.
The aim of this article is to study the variation of topical structure depending on the intentions of the speaker. The article proposes a method of comparative study of voiced texts via their topical structure, which allows observing paradigmatic potential of a sentence within a preset context. In order to do so, the thematic-rhematic articulation of the text is compared to the articulations of its audio recordings. The deviations observed serve as a representation of the communicative intentions of the speaker. In the short story under consideration, more than a half of the utterances exhibit at least some degree of variation. The examples show that the thematic-rhematic articulation of an utterance influences its meaning, the way it interacts with the context and in some cases even its syntactic structure. Thus, thematic-rhematic articulation is a key concept for describing realization of a sentence in speech.
Hcp–Ir0.24Ru0.36Os0.40 and fcc–Ir0.84Ru0.06Os0.10 ternary alloys as well as binary hcp–Ir0.33Ru0.67 and fcc–Ir0.75Ru0.25 alloys were prepared using thermal decomposition of [IrxRu1-x(NH3)5Cl][OsyIr(1-y)Cl6] single-source precursors in hydrogen flow below 1070 K. These single-phase alloys correspond to ternary and binary peritectic phase diagrams and can be used as synthetic models for rare iridosmine minerals.

Thermal decomposition of parent bimetallic precursor [Ir(NH3)5Cl][OsСl6] has been investigated using in situ powder X-ray diffraction in inert and reductive atmospheres. In reductive atmosphere, [Ir(NH3)5Cl][OsСl6] forms (NH4)2[OsСl6<] as crystalline intermediate; Ir from its cationic part is reduced by hydrogen with a formation of defect fcc -structured metallic particles; the final product is a metastable hcp I.0.5Os0.5 alloy. In inert atmosphere, the salt decomposes at higher temperature without a formation of any detectable crystalline intermediates; two-phase fcc+hcp mixture forms directly above 800 K. Room temperature compressibility up to 50 GPa has been studied for all prepared alloys in diamond anvil cells.

Hcp–Ir0.24Ru0.36Os0.40 (B0 = 362(4) GPa, B0' = 4.8(2)) and fcc–Ir0.84Ru0.06Os0.10 (B0 = 302(7) GPa, B0' = 6.4(5)) ternary alloys as well as hcp–Ir0.33Ru0.67 (B0 = 332(2) GPa, B0' = 5.4(1)) and fcc–Ir0.75Ru0.25 (B0 = 316(1) GPa, B0' = 5.1(1)) binary alloys do not show any phase transitions upon compression at room temperature. In contrast with other investigated ultra incompressible refractory alloys with osmium and iridium, hcp–Ir0.33Ru
We survey the results of a long-term study of the process of radiative recombination. A rigorous theory of nonrelativistic electron radiative recombination with a hydrogen-like ion is used to calculate the total cross section of the process, the effective radiation, the recombination rate coefficient, and the emission coefficient in a plasma with a Maxwellian electron distribution. The exact results are compared with the numerous known asymptotic and interpolation formulas. We propose interpolation formulas which ensure a uniform approximation of all mentioned quantities in a wide range of plasma temperatures.
Алгоритм предобработки сигнала импульсного нейтронного гамма-каротажа с учетом статистической зависимости соседних элементов спектра Н. О
The paper presents new exact solutions of equations derived earlier.

Three of them describe unsteady motions of a polymer solution near the stagnation point. A class of partially invariant solutions with a wide functional arbitrariness is found.

An invariant solution of the stationary problem in which the solid boundary is a logarithmic curve is constructed.
We study nonlinear mode interaction in the cylindrical microresonator with nanoscale radius variation. We obtain a model which describes the interplay between azimuthal modes and investigate the nonlinear dynamics of axial-azimuthal modes. We also define regimes of generation depending on the pump parameters. Using a properly designed radius longitudinal profile, we obtain broadband generation of stable low-repetition-rate frequency combs based on axial-azimuthal modes.
Generation of cosmic microwave background (CMB) elliptic polarization due to the Cotton-Mouton (CM) effect in a cosmic magnetic field is studied. We concentrate on the generation of CMB circular polarization and on the rotation angle of the CMB polarization plane from the decoupling time until at present. For the first time, a rather detailed analysis of the CM effect for an arbitrary direction of the cosmic magnetic field with respect to photon direction of propagation is done. Considering the CMB linearly polarized at the decoupling time, it is shown that the CM effect is one of the most substantial effects in generating circular polarization especially in the low part of the CMB spectrum. It is shown that in the frequency range $10^8$ Hz $\leq \nu_0\leq 10^9$ Hz, the degree of circular polarization of the CMB at present for perpendicular propagation with respect to the cosmic magnetic field is in the range $ 10^{-13}\lesssim P_C(t_0)\lesssim 7.65\times 10^{-7}$ or Stokes circular polarization parameter $2.7 \times 10^{-13}$ K $\lesssim |V(t_0)|\lesssim 2 \times 10^{-6}$ K for values of the cosmic magnetic field amplitude at present in the range $10^{-9}$ G $\lesssim B\lesssim 8\times 10^{-8}$ G. On the other hand, for not perpendicular propagation with respect to the cosmic magnetic field we find $10^{-15}\lesssim P_C(t_0)\lesssim 6\times 10^{-12}$ or $2.72 \times 10^{-15}$ K $\lesssim |V(t_0)| \lesssim 10^{-11}$ K, for the same values of the cosmic magnetic field amplitude and same frequency range. Estimates on the rotation angle of the CMB polarization plane $\delta\psi_0$ due to the CM effect and constraints on the cosmic magnetic field amplitude from current constraints on $\delta\psi_0$ due to a combination of the CM and Faraday effects are found.
Temperature and optical power density dependences of the photovoltage at a p-GaN(Cs) photocathode surface were measured in the temperature range 90–295 K. The study demonstrated that band bending at the p-GaN(Cs) photocathode surface can be reduced by ∼ 0.5 eV without modifying the surface atomic structure. The surface photovoltage impact on the p-GaN(Cs) photocathode quantum efficiency and photoelectron energy distributions was analyzed.
The process e + e − → K + K − π 0 has been studied in the center-of-mass energy range from 1.2 to 2 GeV using a 80.6 pb −1 data sample collected with the CMD-3 detector at the electron-positron collider VEPP-2000. Preliminary results of the cross-section measurement are presented.
Regeneration-capable flatworms are informative research models to study the mechanisms of stem cell regulation, regeneration and tissue patterning. However, the lack of transgenesis methods significantly hampers their wider use.

Here we report development of a transgenesis method for Macrostomum lignano, a basal flatworm with excellent regeneration capacity. We demonstrate that microinjection of DNA constructs into fertilized one-cell stage eggs, followed by a low dose of irradiation, frequently results in random integration of the transgene in the genome and its stable transmission through the germline. To facilitate selection of promoter regions for transgenic reporters, we assembled and annotated the M. lignano genome, including genome-wide mapping of transcription start regions, and showed its utility by generating multiple stable transgenic lines expressing fluorescent proteins under several tissue-specific promoters.

The reported transgenesis method and annotated genome sequence will permit sophisticated genetic studies on stem cells and regeneration using M. lignano as a model organism.
An infinite sequence x 1 x 2 … of letters from some alphabet { 0 , 1 , … , b − 1 } , b ≥ 2 , is called k-distributed ( k ≥ 1 ) if any k-letter block of successive digits appears with the frequency b − k in the long run. The sequence is called normal (or ∞-distributed) if it is k-distributed for any k ≥ 1 .

We describe two classes of low-entropy processes that with probability 1 generate either k-distributed sequences or ∞-distributed sequences.

Then, we show how those processes can be used for building random number generators whose outputs are either k-distributed or ∞-distributed. Thus, these generators have statistical properties that are mathematically proven.
In this lecture, one can find an abbreviated historical trajectory of the appearance and development of archaeology as a science. The aim is to demonstrate the perceptions and biases, which have influenced and still influence the archaeological theory and practice in negative or positive ways. The lecture was prepared for the participants of the program on “Classics and Philosophy” of Novosibirsk State University (October 2018).
Nanoscale distance measurements by pulse dipolar Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy allow new insights into the structure and dynamics of complex biopolymers. EPR detection requires site directed spin labeling (SDSL) of biomolecule(s), which remained challenging for long RNAs up-to-date. Here, we demonstrate that novel complementary-addressed SDSL approach allows efficient spin labeling and following structural EPR studies of long RNAs. We succeeded to spin-label Hepatitis C Virus RNA internal ribosome entry site consisting of ≈330 nucleotides and having a complicated spatial structure. Application of pulsed double electron–electron resonance provided spin–spin distance distribution, which agrees well with the results of molecular dynamics (MD) calculations. Thus, novel SDSL approach in conjunction with EPR and MD allows structural studies of long natural RNAs with nanometer resolution and can be applied to systems of biological and biomedical significance.
Using a proton-proton collision data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3 fb(-1) collected by LHCb at center-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV

about 3800 Ξ(b)(0) → Ξ(c)(+)π(-), Ξ(c)(+)) → pK(-)π(+) signal decays are reconstructed. From this sample, the first measurement of the Ξ(b)(0) baryon lifetime is made, relative to that of the Λ(b)(0) baryon. The mass differences M(Ξ(b)(0))-M(Λ(b)(0)) and M(Ξ(c)(+))-M(Λ(c)(+)) are also measured with precision more than 4 times better than the current world averages

The resulting values are τ(Ξ(b)(0))/τ(Λ)(b)(0)) = 1.006 ± 0.018 ± 0.010,M(Ξ(b)(0))-M(Λ(b)(0)) = 172.44 ± 0.39 ± 0.17 MeV/c(2),M(Ξ(c)(+))-M(Λ(c)(+)) = 181.51 ± 0.14 ± 0.10 MeV/c(2),where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. The relative rate of Ξ(b)(0) to Λ(b)(0) baryon production is measured to be f(Ξ)(b)(0))/f(Λ)(b)(0))B(Ξ(b)(0) → Ξ(c)(+)π(-))/B(Λ(b)(0) → Λ(c)(+)π(-))B(Ξ(c)(+) → pK(-)π(+))/B(Λ(c)(+) → pK(-)}π(+)) = (1.88 ± 0.04 ± 0.03) × 10(-2),where the first factor is the ratio of fragmentation fractions, b → Ξ(b)(0) relative to b → Λ(b)(0). Relative production rates as functions of transverse momentum and pseudorapidity are also presented
A new efficient method of confinement is proposed for use in linear traps. The plasma equilibrium in a linear trap at high β can evolve into a kind of diamagnetic "bubble" with a very small field inside.

If the vacuum magnetic field of the trap has a quasi-uniform stretch near its minimum, the roughly cylindrical "bubble" with non-paraxial ends will occupy just this stretch. The "bubble" radius is determined by the balance of particle and energy fluxes, while the force balance corresponds to β ≈ 1 at any radius. The effective mirror ratio of the trap in this diamagnetic regime can become very large, stifling the axial losses, but the cross-field transport inside it increases. The total confinement time can be found from solution of the system of equilibrium and transport equations and is shown to be τE≈τ‖τ⊥.

This means that the diamagnetic confinement at high β allows construction of relatively short linear traps as fusion reactors.
The profile of electrostatic potential in the expander of mirror trap is considered. It is shown that potential drop at the wall depends strongly on distribution function of trapped electrons.

Self consistent potential profile is calculated assuming Maxwell distribution of the trapped particles. Iterative numerical scheme is used to calculate the potential which holds plasma quasi-neutrality. The approach based on bounce-averaging is proposed to solve kinetic equation for trapped electrons.

The potential drop at Child-Langmuir sheath is governed by ambipolarity of loss along magnetic field line je = ji. The depletion of the well between the mirror and the sheath cause increasing of the drop.
This review of the main publications about the problems of Japanese archaeology (from Paleolithic epoch up to the period of Kofun culture) represents teaching materials for students with specialty in archaeology (within the course «Archaeology of overseas Asia») and with specialty in oriental studies (within the course «History and culture of Japan»). Taking into account the main task of this publication – namely, support for educational process – authors of this review, first of all, engaged most authoritative summarizing editions, because their conceptions and conclusions passed through necessary approbation and were maintained by the greater part of academic community.

The main problems under discussion in Japanese archaeology are as follows: chronology of the first inhabitation of Archipelago; classification of the stone implements according technologies of production and ways of usage; early ceramics in the context of Northeast Asian archaeology; the origin of Ainu and their predecessors; beginning of agriculture and development of bronze and iron metallurgy; semantics of dogu and haniva figurines; characteristics of megalithic monuments; attribution of «horse-rider culture»; correlation between ethno-linguistic and archaeological data; using of historical records for interpretation of excavated relics; the routes of ancient migrations etc.

As a result, this review of ancient past of Japan obviously demonstrates that so called isolation of insular population had quiet relative character. During thousands and thousands years, islanders came into contacts with bearers of different cultures of Eurasian mainland and island part of it, as well. The result of these permanent cultural exchanges served as foundation for creation of Japanese ethnos. In certain periods the contacts were more intensive along Northern, or Southern routes; the most significant way went through Korean Peninsula. For Siberian archaeologists the matter of special interest is represented by the finds of early ceramics on Honshu and in East Amur area; by analogies between cultures of Archipelago and Maritime regions of Russia (including Sakhalin and Kuril Islands) in Early Iron Age; by similarities between «Old-kurgans’ culture» at Japan and those in Central Asia. In selection of published materials for this review the preference was given to those available for teachers and students in the universities’ libraries or through free Internet access (published mostly in Russian and English as working languages).