Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
The all-fiber highly-chirped dissipative soliton (HCDS) oscillator was realised at 1.5 μm wavelength. A normal net cavity dispersion was achieved by using a conventional dispersion compensating fiber (DCF).

To separate effects of the amplitude self-modulation and dissipative soliton formation, we exploit in the laser cavity both standard single mode fiber and polarization maintaining single mode fiber. The properties of the generated pulses have been varied by changing spectral filter bandwidth and DCF lengths.

After compression of the nJ-level ~6ps HCDS in the external fiber compressor, we measured the output pulse duration of 165 fs (an estimated chirp parameter 40).
Background Telomeres are nucleoprotein structures,that protect the ends of chromosomes during cell divisions [1,2,3]. Previously it was found, that average telomere length in immune cells is reduced in atopic and autoimmunity disorders.This fact indicates an early immune aging in immune-mediated diseases [4,5]. The distribution of telomere repeats on different chromosomes has an individual telomere profile in humans [6] and may be a congenital feature, that accelerates immunosenescence. Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate the length of telomeres in the arms of individual chromosomes in patients with RA and healthy donors. Methods The study included 6 patients with RA and 6 healthy donors (the median age 51.5 (50–54) and 51.5 (49–53) years respectively). Metaphase spreads obtained from PBMCs were used in this study. Written informed consent was obtained from each person enrolled in the study. At the time of sampling, RA inpatients characterized with acute exacerbation of the disease received treatment at the Clinic of Immunopathology,Novosibirsk. RA was diagnosed by clinicians according to ACR/EULAR 2010. For measurement of the telomere length on individual chromosome arms we used Q-FISH with (C3TA2)3 PNA-probe. Inverted DAPI banding was used for chromosome identification according to ISCN 2013. The new MeTeLen software was developed to estimate the telomere repeats relative quantity (http://www.bionet.nsc.ru/en/development/application-development/development-of-a-computer/metelen.html)in metaphase images. Results When comparing the telomere length, it was found, that telomere on chromosome 16 p are shorter in patients with RA than in donors. Since each person has an individual telomere profile, we also analyzed the presence of shortened telomere sequences on individual chromosome arms relative to the average length of telomeres for each subject separately. As a result, patients with RA have a larger number of significantly shortened telomeres than donors (see Table). Conclusions The revealed features of telomeric profiles of patients with RA may be an indication of a proliferative stress, that occurs as a result of the mass immune cell proliferation in the immunopathology. It can be assumed, that the presence of a great number of shortened telomeres can promote cell death through apoptosis. The observed shortening of the telomere length on chromosome 16 p in RA may be relevant in its pathogenesis. It is known, that telomere shortening can lead to increased gene expression near the telomere DNA region. Thus, in 16 p 13 a number of genes is localized, that are associated with RA or may be involved in its development. References Olovnikov A.M, J. Theor. Biol. 41(1):181–190, 1973. Blackburn E.H., Gall J.G., J. Mol. Biol. 120:33–53, 1978. Hayflick L, Exp. Cell. Res. 37:614–636, 1965. Andrews N.P. et al., Gerontology 56(4):390–403, 2010. Dehbi A. ZA. Et al., Clin. Immunol. 9(12):1193–1204, 2013. Graakjaer J. et al., Mech. ageing dev., 124(5): 629–640, 2003. Acknowledgements The study was funded by RSF (research project No 14–15–00346). Disclosure of Interest None declared
Poly-Si crystallization mechanism is examined by conducting numerical simulations, combining the thermal diffusion equation with a rigorous coupled wave analysis method. The ripples at the boundary of poly-Si grains are modeled as a grating surface structure. Under laser beam irradiation, the melting front profiles are accurately analyzed by including surface diffraction, polarization of the laser, and laser energy density. For two different lasers, XeCl excimer laser (λ = 308 nm) and Yb:YAG solid state laser (λ= 343 nm), the energy density range at which poly-Si grains are gradually ordered was determined. Furthermore, the energy density window of the Yb:YAG laser is found to be four times larger than that of XeCl laser. On the other hand, the Yb:YAG laser may produce amorphous-Si phase after completing the crystallization process. It is suggested that this amorphous-Si phase could be avoided, if a double pulse laser is used.
Fasting has become increasingly popular for treatment and prevention of obesity. Sex differences in the mechanisms of adaptation to fasting may contribute to choosing a therapeutic strategy for correction of metabolic disorders. Hepatokine fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is involved in the adaptation to fasting. Muscles are assumed to be the main energy-consuming tissue in the body, as muscle metabolism plays an important role in the adaptation to nutritional deficit. However, there is still little information on sex differences in muscle and FGF21 physiological response to fasting. Our aim was to find out whether there were sex differences in hormonal regulation and the expression of genes controlling glucose and lipid metabolism in skeletal muscles in response to fasting. We estimated the effect of 24-hour fasting on the expression of genes involved in lipid (Ucp3, Cpt1) and carbohydrate (Slc2a4) metabolism in muscles and evaluated changes in body weight and blood plasma levels of glucose, insulin, free fatty acids (FFA), adiponectin, and FGF21 in male and female C57BL/6J mice. None of the genes studied (Ucp3, Cpt1 and Slc2a4) showed sex-related changes at mRNA levels in control groups, but females exposed to fasting demonstrated a significant increase in the expression of all genes as compared to control. Fasting significantly decreased body weight and glucose blood plasma levels in animals of both sexes but exerted no effect on the levels of insulin or FFA. The adiponectin and FGF21 levels were increased in response to fasting, the increase in females being significant. We were first to show sex dimorphism in muscle gene expression and FGF21 blood level in response to fasting. In females, the greater increase in FGF21 and adiponectin blood levels was positively associated with the greater upregulation of lipid oxidation and glucose uptake gene expression.
The article represents petroglyphs of Macau (Aomen). This site with engravings was lost and gone forever (because of industrial pollution), but we have some copies and descriptions of it. Though it was quiet restricted in dimensions, but contained not only interlacement of lines and geometric figures, but also images of two big boats as well, with quiet developed construction: with upper deck, long bowsprit and, possibly, with portable mast. The same ships but engraved more clearly one can see in petroglyphs of Zhuhai at the site with rock-art closest to Macau. These ships seem to have some additional details such as side ports, helm and anchor. These observations confirm a high level in shipbuilding and navigation among peoples of Wu and Yue kingdoms known to us due to historical records. For petroglyphs of Eastern and Southern China we have another figurative line in order to compare with, i. e. engravings on bronze implements and, first of all, bronze drums. The war-boats engraved on drums have some similarities in construction with boats engraved on rocky surface. Due to these resemblance petroglyphs of Macau (and Zhuhai) could be attributed to Dongson-Dian civilization because bronze drums served as indicator for this super unity. On the basis of this resemblance we can previously date petroglyphs of Macau with the last ages BC or the first ages AD. The creators of rock-art galleries in the region of Zhujiang River estuary were very probably connected with migration of one of the Boyue tribes.
Six horsemen and one standing man carved at the Wujiachuan rock-art site in the Gansu Province of China are wearing headdresses resembling a crown with three 'horns'. The standing figure from Wujiachuan can also be perceived as a seated one if its very long, downward 'arms' are to be considered as the outline of a wide-brimmed robe, and the carved lines within it are the 'real' arms folded on the chest or on the stomach. This interpretation corresponds with ancient Turkic images of Gorny Altai and other regions. In the Kudyrge burial ground in Altai, a boulder was excavated, on which the so-called 'knee bending scene' was engraved. A seated woman in a three-horned headdress with a child is depicted, before whom three much smaller in size dismounted horsemen are bowing. The middle horseman is also wearing a three-horned headdress. Engraved images of women in three-horned headdresses were also met on rocks and bone artefacts from Kirgizia, Kazakhstan and Khakassia.

P. P. Azbelev interprets the 'knee bending scene' from Kudyrge as a reflection of the Christian (Nestorian) narrative of worship of the Magi. It can be assumed that the horsemen in horned headdresses depicted at Wujiachuan, grouped in threes are rushing to worship the standing (or rather sitting) figure to their left also in a three-horned headdress. This personage, just like on the Kudyrge boulder, surpasses both riders and even their horses in height.

Rock carvings of riders in three-horned headdresses have also been found in the Badain Jaran Desert in the west of Inner Mongolia and in Zhongwei County of the Ningxia Province. Wherever met, they mark the Ancient Turkic period.
The sources were identified among collection samples characterized by highly pronounced economic and valuable features, which allows new geographically remote source material to be taken to the regional breeding practices.

This research aims to assess the agronomic traits (duration of the growing period, lodging resistance and plant height, 1000-grain weight, grain weight and yield) in soft spring wheat varieties of different ecological and geographical origin. Estimation was carried out by a 9-point system of expression of the trait during the study, which allows identifying samples with the greatest expression of the trait in the years of study with respect to the average experience. 5439 samples have been studied over 28 years, with 1106 of them, over two years or more. The study was carried out according to the methods of VIR on plots of 2 m2.

It was shown that the samples mainly had no correlation between the yield and the duration of the growing period, while the average dependence (г = 0.6) was revealed between the yield and the height of the plants. Varieties forming the intermediate (4.5-5 points) and above average (6-7) yield in a short growing period (69-85 days) were identified (Lutescens 675, Irkut-skaya 49, Simbirca, Hybrid F3 S-141, Hybrid F4, Hybrid F3 S-289 and Hybrid F4 S-2300 and Pamyati Vavenko-va). A high average score (8.6-9) at 1000 grains weight was shown for 16 varieties with variation from 37 g (N43 and IAO-9) to 56 g (Hofed 1). A high average score (8-9) in the evaluation of grain weight was shown for Pamyati Leont'eva, Ekada 70, Simbirtsit, Don Jose, Yong-Liang 4 and Long-Mai 11, which formed ears with an average weight from 0.96 to 2.30 g. A consistently high score (9) reflecting the yield was in the varieties Condestavel, PF 843025, Prilenskaya 19, Pamyati Leont'eva, Omskaya Krasa.
Generation of the cosmological baryon asymmetry in frameworks of spontaneous baryogenesis is studied in detail. It is shown that the relation between baryonic chemical potential and the time derivative of the (pseudo)Goldstone field essentially depends upon the representation chosen for the fermionic fields with non-zero baryonic number (quarks). Kinetic equation is modified and numerically solved in equilibrium for the case of time dependent external background or finite integration time to be applicable to the case when energy conservation law is formally violated.
The present status of the fully-relativistic nonperturbative calculations of the fundamental atomic processes with twisted electrons is presented. In particular, the elastic (Mott) scattering, the radiative recombination, and for the very first time, the Bremsstrahlung processes are considered. The electron-ion interaction is accounted for in a nonperturbative manner, that allows obtaining reliable results for heavy systems. We investigate the influence of the “twistedness” of the incoming electron on the angular and polarization properties of the emitted electrons and photons for the elastic and inelastic scattering, respectively. It is found that these properties exhibit a strong dependence on the opening angle of the vortex electron beam in all processes considered.
This work presents, for the first time, the results of studies of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) in 1.2-km P2O5-doped silica fiber of radiation of single- and double-scale picosecond pulses generated in a fiber master oscillator and amplified in a one-stage fiber amplifier.

Shown are differences in supercontinuum spectra composed of several Stokes components when pumped with pulses of different structure.

More efficient Raman transformation of double-scale pulses was identified, leading to broader supercontinuum spectra.
Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (TDP1) catalyzes the cleavage of the phosphodiester bond between the tyrosine residue of topoisomerase 1 (TOP1) and the 3' phosphate of DNA in the single-strand break generated by TOP1. TDP1 promotes the cleavage of the stable DNA-TOP1 complexes with the TOP1 inhibitor topotecan, which is a clinically used anticancer drug.

This article reports the synthesis and study of usnic acid thioether and sulfoxide derivatives that efficiently suppress TDP1 activity, with IC50 values in the 1.4-25.2 μM range. The structure of the heterocyclic substituent introduced into the dibenzofuran core affects the TDP1 inhibitory efficiency of the compounds. A five-membered heterocyclic fragment was shown to be most pharmacophoric among the others. Sulfoxide derivatives were less cytotoxic than their thioester analogs. We observed an uncompetitive type of inhibition for the four most effective inhibitors of TDP1.

The anticancer effect of TOP1 inhibitors can be enhanced by the simultaneous inhibition of PARP1, TDP1, and TDP2. Some of the compounds inhibited not only TDP1 but also TDP2 and/or PARP1, but at significantly higher concentration ranges than TDP1. Leader compound 10a showed promising synergy on HeLa cells in conjunction with the TOP1 inhibitor topotecan.
We performed a targeted sequencing of 242 clinically important genes mostly associated with cardiovascular diseases in a representative population sample of 1,658 individuals from the Ivanovo region northeast of Moscow. Approximately 11% of 11,876 detected variants were not found in the Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Database (dbSNP) or reported earlier in the Russian population.

Most novel variants were singletons and doubletons in our sample, and virtually no novel alleles presumably specific for the Russian population were able to reach the frequencies above 0.1-0.2%. The overwhelming majority (99.3%) of variants detected in this study in three or more copies were shared with other populations. We found two dominant and seven recessive known pathogenic variants with allele frequencies significantly increased compared to those in the gnomAD non-Finnish Europeans. Of the 242 targeted genes, 28 were in the list of 59 genes for which the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) recommended the reporting of incidental findings. Based on the number of variants detected in the sequenced subset of ACMG59 genes, we approximated the prevalence of known pathogenic and novel or rare protein-truncating variants in the complete set of ACMG59 genes in the Ivanovo population at 1.4 and 2.8%, respectively.

We analyzed the available clinical data and observed the incomplete penetrance of known pathogenic variants in the 28 ACMG59 genes: only 1 individual out of 12 with such variants had the phenotype most likely related to the variant. When known pathogenic and novel or rare protein-truncating variants were considered together, the overall rate of confirmed phenotypes was about 19%, with maximum in the subset of novel protein-truncating variants. We report three novel protein truncating variants in APOB and one in MYH7 observed in individuals with hypobetalipoproteinemia and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, respectively. Our results provide a valuable reference for the clinical interpretation of gene sequencing in Russian and other populations.
The paper considers an approach to creating intelligent assistants in the form of chatbots that support information search based on preliminary genre and thematic clustering of website content.

A feature of the approach is the use of genre models developed for a given type of resource (educational, informational, etc.), on the basis of which genre structuring of the content of a particular site is carried out. The resulting genre structures allow you to more accurately determine the boundaries of thematic clusters related to the topic of the user's search query. To provide feedback to the user, a simple script has been developed that allows not only to clarify the request, but also to implicitly get information about what exactly did not suit the user in the resulting output.

An experimental study was conducted on the Telegram platform, the results were compared with the Yandex search engine.
The discovery of Dirac fermions in a number of 2D and 3D materials boosted the solid-state research in an unprecedented way. Among the many hopes of using their exceptional physical properties, it has been argued that their reduced nonradiative losses would allow graphene to compete with quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) in the race for terahertz (THz) emitters. Unfortunately, the nonradiative Auger recombination (AR) process is still active for massless fermions in gapless graphene. However, for massive Dirac fermions, AR can be entirely suppressed below a certain threshold of the carrier's kinetic energy that depends on the nonparabolicity and the symmetry of the electron and hole dispersions. In this work, by finely tuning the band structure of HgCdTe quantum wells hosting massive Dirac fermions, we set the electronic system below this threshold and demonstrate that the carrier recombination is purely radiative. A coherent interband emission reaching 9.6 THz, that is to say outside the spectral range of current QCLs, is measured under these conditions, opening the way to lossless interband THz emitters.
One of the strategies for creating new pharmacologically active compounds is the use of a central scaffold and the addition of various substituents to it. The diazabicyclic molecule bispidine represents a promising basis for chemical modifications and synthesis of compounds with diverse biological activities. Bromantane was used as a reference drug.

The present work evaluated the actoprotective activity, locomotor and anxiety-like behavior in mice, and the effect on the cholinergic system in the central nervous system. In this work, the actoprotective effect of N, N-disubstituted bispidine derivatives containing monoterpene substituents is shown for the first time.

The results showed that compounds combining bispidine scaffold and monoterpenoid fragments exhibit actoprotective effect in tests on a treadmill and swim with a load of 10% of body mass, increasing the duration of physical work. In the 'Open field' test, which determines the locomotor and anxiety-like behavior in mice, it was found that some disubstituted derivatives significantly increased the distance and residence time of animals in the center of the open field compared to intact controls, which may indicate a stimulating effect on the central nervous system and a possible anxiolytic effect. As a result, compounds combining fragments of a monoterpenoid and 3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (bispidine) core exhibit actoprotective activity, acting on various neurotransmitter systems.
Accelerating since the early 1990s, the Greenland Ice Sheet mass loss exerts a significant impact on thermohaline processes in the sub‐Arctic seas. Surplus freshwater discharge from Greenland since the 1990s, comparable in volume to the amount of freshwater present during the Great Salinity Anomaly events, could spread and accumulate in the sub‐Arctic seas, influencing convective processes there. However, hydrographic observations in the Labrador Sea and the Nordic Seas, where the Greenland freshening signal might be expected to propagate, do not show a persistent freshening in the upper ocean during last two decades. This raises the question of where the surplus Greenland freshwater has propagated. In order to investigate the fate, pathways, and propagation rate of Greenland meltwater in the sub‐Arctic seas, several numerical experiments using a passive tracer to track the spreading of Greenland freshwater have been conducted as a part of the Forum for Arctic Ocean Modeling and Observational Synthesis effort. The models show that Greenland freshwater propagates and accumulates in the sub‐Arctic seas, although the models disagree on the amount of tracer propagation into the convective regions. Results highlight the differences in simulated physical mechanisms at play in different models and underscore the continued importance of intercomparison studies. It is estimated that surplus Greenland freshwater flux should have caused a salinity decrease by 0.06–0.08 in the sub‐Arctic seas in contradiction with the recently observed salinification (by 0.15–0.2) in the region. It is surmised that the increasing salinity of Atlantic Water has obscured the freshening signal.
Avian Influenza (AI) is a complex but still poorly understood disease; specifically when it comes to reservoirs, co-infections, connectedness and wider landscape perspectives. Low pathogenic (Low-path LP) AI in chickens caused by less virulent strains of AI viruses (AIVs)-when compared with highly pathogenic AIVs (HPAIVs)-are not even well-described yet or known how they contribute to wider AI and immune system issues. Co-circulation of LPAIVs with HPAIVs suggests their interactions in their ecological aspects. Here we show for the Pacific Rim an international approach how to data mine and model-predict LP AI and its ecological niche with machine learning and open access data sets and geographic information systems (GIS) on a 5 km pixel size for best-possible inference. This is based on the best-available data on the issue (~ 40,827 records of lab-analyzed field data from Japan, Russia, Vietnam, Mongolia, Alaska and Influenza Research Database (IRD) and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) database sets, as well as 19 GIS data layers). We sampled 157 hosts and 110 low-path AIVs with 32 species as drivers. The prevalence across low-path AIV subtypes is dominated by Muscovy ducks, Mallards, Whistling Swans and gulls also emphasizing industrial impacts for the human-dominated wildlife contact zone. This investigation sets a good precedent for the study of reservoirs, big data mining, predictions and subsequent outbreaks of HPAI and other pandemics.
This paper describes a simple approach to obtain hybrids of single-walled carbon nanotubes with therapeutically relevant oligonucleotides that are able to be released upon glutathione treatment at physiological concentrations.