Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
To analyze the influence of somatic comorbidity on the results of surgical treatment of elderly and senile patients with degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis.

The study design corresponds to a single-center non-randomized retrospective cohort study with level 3 evidence. The influence of somatic comorbidity on quality of life after surgery for degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis was analyzed in 962 patients 60–85 years old. Analysis and evaluation of the results of the study was carried out in two groups of patients with radicular compression syndrome: Group 1 (less than 5 points according to White – Panjabi criteria) included 625 (65%) patients, and Group 2 (5 or more points according to White – Panjabi criteria) – 337 (35%) patients.

Body mass index of patients in Group 1 was statistically significantly lower than in Group 2. Repeated surgical interventions performed during the first year after the primary operation were statistically significantly more frequent in Group 1, and those performed after 3–4 years were more frequent in Group 2 (BMI ≥ 30) due to the development of adjacent level disease. In obese patients, the duration of surgery, blood loss and postoperative hospital stay are statistically significantly increased. One year after surgery, a statistically significant negative effect of increase in BMI on the parameters of back pain, lower limb pain, functional adaptation, and quality of life was revealed in both groups of patients. No association of obesity and complication rates was noted. In Group 2, the incidence of adjacent level disease 2–5 years after the primary operation was higher in patients with BMI ≥ 30 compared with patients with BMI < 30 and with patients in Group 1. It was found that somatic comorbidity and the age of patients statistically significantly prolonged postoperative hospital stay in Group 1 and did not affect its duration in Group 2. No effect of the comorbidity index on the quality of life was noted. Osteoporosis was statistically significantly associated with an increase in the frequency of technical complications during surgery (malposition of pedicle screws, cage migration, and damage to the vertebral endplates). Obesity is statistically significantly associated with an increase in postoperative hospital stay, surgery duration and blood loss, and is a predictor of the development of instability of the spinal motion segment and adjacent level disease. Obese patients have higher levels of back and lower limb pain and worse quality of life parameters after surgical interventions than patients with normal body weight. When using minimally invasive technologies in the surgical treatment of degenerative lumbar spine pathology, the number of complications in obese patients is not higher than in patients with normal body weight. The effect of comorbidity on the results of minimally invasive surgery for degenerative lumbar pathology was not detected. Osteoporosis affects the frequency of technical complications during surgery.
A mathematical model of nonlinear deformation of ice samples from distilled water is implemented. An algorithm for numerical solution of corresponding boundary-value problem is proposed and realized.

Results of the numerical modeling have been compared to experimental data on the three-point bending of ice beams.
The article presents data on the fauna and ecology of earthworms in the Kuznetsk-Salair mountain area.

The paper describes the current condition and activities of the conservation of the two rare endemic species listed in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation – Eisenia salairica and Eisenia malevici. The characteristics of their habitats are given.

Data on molecular genetic analysis of Eisenia salairica are presented.
We revisit the possibility of first order electroweak phase transition (EWPT) in one of the simplest extensions of the Standard Model scalar sector, namely the two-Higgs-doublet model (2HDM). We take into account the ensuing constraints from the electroweak precision tests, Higgs signal strengths and the recent LHC bounds from direct scalar searches. By studying the vacuum transition in 2HDM, we discuss in detail the entropy released in the first order EWPT in various parameter planes of a 2HDM.
Crystallization of diamond in the Mg-Si-C system has been studied at 7.5 GPa and 1800 °C with the Mg-Si compositions spanning the range from Mg-C to Si-C end-systems. It is found that as Si content of the system increases from 0 to 2 wt %, the degree of the graphite-to-diamond conversion increases from about 50 to 100% and remains at about this level up to 20 wt % Si. A further increase in Si content of the system leads to a decrease in the graphite-to-diamond conversion degree down to complete termination of diamond synthesis at Si content >50 wt %. Depending on the Si content crystallization of diamond, joint crystallization of diamond and silicon carbide and crystallization of silicon carbide only are found to take place. The cubic growth of diamond, typical of the Mg-C system, transforms to the cube-octahedron upon adding 1 wt % Si and then to the octahedron at a Si content of 2 wt % and higher. The crystallized diamonds are studied by a suite of optical spectroscopy techniques and the major characteristics of their defect-and-impurity structure are revealed. The correlations between the Si content of the Mg-Si-C system and the properties of the produced diamond crystals are established.
Objective : to establish associations of awareness and attitude towards cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) prevention in people with sleep disorders in an open population of Novosibirsk aged 25–64 years.

Patients and methods . We carried out screening surveys of representative samples of the 25–64 years old population: in 2013–2016 – V screening (427 men, mean age– 34±0.4 years, response rate – 71%; 548 women, mean age– 35±0.4 years, response rate – 72%); in 2015–2018 – VI screening (275 men, mean age – 49±0.4 years, response rate – 72%; 390 women, mean age – 45±0.4 years, response rate – 75%) using the protocol of the WHO international program «MONICA-psychosocial». Jenkins sleep evaluation questionnaire was used to evaluate sleep disorders in the study population.

Conclusion . People with sleep disorders generally have a more negative attitude towards their health and are skeptical about the possibilities of modern medicine to prevent and treat CVDs, which is reflected in their attitude to work and preventive check-ups.
Hereditary hearing loss (HL) is known to be highly locus/allelic heterogeneous, and the prevalence of different HL forms significantly varies among populations worldwide. Investigation of region-specific landscapes of hereditary HL is important for local healthcare and medical genetic services. Mutations in the SLC26A4 gene leading to nonsyndromic recessive deafness (DFNB4) and Pendred syndrome are common genetic causes of hereditary HL, at least in some Asian populations.

We present for the first time the results of a thorough analysis of the SLC26A4 gene by Sanger sequencing in the large cohorts of patients with HL of unknown etiology belonging to two neighboring indigenous Turkic-speaking Siberian peoples (Tuvinians and Altaians).

A definite genetic diagnosis based on the presence of biallelic SLC26A4 mutations was established for 28.2% (62/220) of all enrolled Tuvinian patients vs. 4.3% (4/93) of Altaian patients. The rate of the SLC26A4-related HL in Tuvinian patients appeared to be one of the highest among populations worldwide. The SLC26A4 mutational spectrum was characterized by the presence of Asian-specific mutations c.919-2A>G and c.2027T>A (p.Leu676Gln), predominantly found in Tuvinian patients, and c.2168A>G (p.His723Arg), which was only detected in Altaian patients. In addition, a novel pathogenic variant c.1545T>G (p.Phe515Leu) was found with high frequency in Tuvinian patients. Overall, based on the findings of this study and our previous research, we were able to uncover the genetic causes of HL in 50.5% of Tuvinian patients and 34.5% of Altaian patients.
We investigate the palindromic width of finitely generated solvable groups.

We prove that every finitely generated 3-step solvable group has finite palindromic width. More generally, we show the finiteness of the palindromic width for finitely generated abelian-by-nilpotent-by-nilpotent groups. For arbitrary solvable groups of step ≥3, we prove that if G is a finitely generated solvable group that is an extension of an abelian group by a group satisfying the maximal condition for normal subgroups, then the palindromic width of G is finite.

We also prove that the palindromic width of ℤ≀ℤ with respect to the set of standard generators is 3.
Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation

I. A. Kirilova, Yu. P. Sharkeev, S. V. Nikolaev, V. T. Podorozhnaya, P. V. Uvarkin, A. S. Ratushnyak, V. V. Chebodaeva; Physicomechanical properties of the extracellular matrix of a demineralized bone.

AIP Conf. Proc. 2 August 2016; 1760 (1): 020027. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4960246 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
The results of a numerical study of the development of periodic pulsations in a supersonic boundary layer on a flat plate are presented at a Mach number of 2.5 and a unit Reynolds number of 8×10 6 m –1 . Using the software complex ANSYS, the complete Navier-Stokes equations were solved. Periodic mass flow disturbances with a frequency of 20 kHz were introduced into the boundary layer through a small-diameter hole on the surface of the model. Downstream the profiles of the longitudinal mass flow pulsations were recorded, and spectral analysis of the data was carried out. The main characteristics of the development of unstable disturbances in both physical and wave spaces are obtained.
Inclusive semileptonic $B\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{X}_{u}{\ensuremath{\ell}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\ell}}$ decays are Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) suppressed and measurements are complicated by the large background from CKM favored $B\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{X}_{c}{\ensuremath{\ell}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\ell}}$ transitions, which have a similar signature.

Using machine learning techniques, we reduce this and other backgrounds effectively, while retaining access to a large fraction of the $B\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{X}_{u}{\ensuremath{\ell}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\ell}}$ phase space and high signal efficiency. We measure partial branching fractions in three phase-space regions covering about 31% to 86% of the accessible $B\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{X}_{u}{\ensuremath{\ell}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\ell}}$ phase space.

We find $|{V}_{ub}|=(4.10\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.09\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.22\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.15)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ from an average of four calculations for the partial decay rate with the third uncertainty denoting the average theory error. This value is higher but compatible with the determination from exclusive semileptonic decays within 1.3 standard deviations. In addition, we report charmless inclusive partial branching fractions separately for ${B}^{+}$ and ${B}^{0}$ mesons as well as for electron and muon final states. No isospin breaking or lepton flavor universality violating effects are observed.
The tectonomagmatic evolution of the Sangilen massif has been described in detail in numerous publications, but little attention was given to heat sources related to the HT/LP metamorphism. Modeling of the magma transport to the upper‐crust levels in West Sangilen shows that the NT/LP metamorphism is related to gabbromonodiorite intrusions.

This article is focused on the thermo‐mechanical modeling of melting and lifting of melts in the crust, taking into account the density interfaces. The model of the Erzin granitoid massif shows that in case of fractional melting, the magma ascent mechanism is fundamentally different, as opposed to diapir upwelling – percolation take place along a magmatic channel or a system of channels.

An estimated rate of diapiric rise in the crust amounts to 0.8 cm/yr, which is more than an order of magnitude lower than the rate of melt migration in case of fractional melting (25 cm/yr). In our models, a metamorphic thermal 'anticline' develops in stages that differ, probably, due to the modes of crust melting: batch melting occurs at the first stage, and fractional melting takes place at the second stage. It is probable that the change of melting modes from melting conditions in a 'closed' system to fractional melting conditions in 'open' systems is determined by tectonic factors. For the Sangilen massif, we have estimated the degrees of melting in the granulite, granite, and sedimentary‐metamorphic layers of the crust (6, 15, and 5 vol. %, respectively).
The paper shows that the basis for the construction of "natural" classifications, "natural" concepts and integrated information is the same property of the objects of the external world - the high correlation of attributes describing the objects of "natural" classes. The hypothesis that the information processes of the brain and mind tuned in the course of evolution to extract highly correlated structure attributes of "natural" objects by forming "natural" concepts of the objects was suggested. This hypothesis is justified by references to a number of famous works. Besides, the original mathematical model is proposed, which formalizes the "natural" classifications, "natural" concepts and the integrated information by G. Tononi, based on a mathematical representation of the system, closed upon itself by causal relationships that form a certain "resonance" of mutual predictions of highly correlated set of attributes of objects of "natural" classes. The results of computer modeling of building "natural" classes and concepts for coded digits are introduced.
The study of the high-pressure polymorphism is still in its infancy.More often than not, the transformations give metastable forms, and not the thermodynamically preferable one.

The following facts can indicate at the kinetically, and not thermodynamically controlled transformations: 1. Different forms are obtained at the same conditions from different starting polymorphs.2. Different forms are obtained on compression and on decompression, transformations are not reversible.3. Effect of pressure is different for single crystals and for powder samples.4. The transformation is characterized by a pronounced induction period, a hysteresis, is incomplete, or is extended in a wide pressure range.5. Different forms are observed, depending on how rapid compression / decompression were; on how long the sample was held at a selected pressure.6.The transformation is sensitive to the choice of the pressure-transmitting liquid (in which the sample is emerged in hydrostatic loading experiments) / to the presence of even traces of a liquid in a slurry.This will be illustrated using a few examples.

Crystallization of liquids, crystallization from solutions, and solid-state polymorphic transformations will be considered.
The black hole binary properties inferred from the LIGO gravitational wave signal GW150914 posed several serious problems. The high masses and low effective spin of black hole binary can be explained if they are primordial (PBH) rather than the products of the stellar binary evolution. Such PBH properties are postulated ad hoc but not derived from fundamental theory. We show that the necessary features of PBHs naturally follow from the slightly modified Affleck-Dine (AD) mechanism of baryogenesis. The log-normal distribution of PBHs, predicted within the AD paradigm, is adjusted to provide an abundant population of low-spin stellar mass black holes. The same distribution gives a sufficient number of quickly growing seeds of supermassive black holes observed at high redshifts and may comprise an appreciable fraction of Dark Matter which does not contradict any existing observational limits. Testable predictions of this scenario are discussed.
C57Bl mice exhibit impaired glucose metabolism by the late adult age under standard living conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate white adipose tissue (WAT), brown adipose tissue (BAT), and skeletal muscle expression of genes involved in carbohydrate-lipid metabolism at postpubertal stages preceding the late adult age in C57Bl mice. Muscle mRNA levels of uncoupling protein 3 (Ucp3) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (Cpt1) (indicators of FFA oxidation), WAT mRNA levels of hormone-sensitive lipase (Lipe) and lipoprotein lipase (Lpl) (indicators of lipolysis and lipogenesis), muscle and WAT mRNA levels of the type 4 glucose transporter Slc2a4 (indicators of insulin-dependent glucose uptake), and BAT mRNA levels of uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1) (indicator of thermogenesis) were measured in fed and 16 h-fasted mice in three age groups: 10-week-old (young), 15-week-old (early adult), and 30-week-old (late adult). Weight gain from young to early adult age was not accompanied by changes in WAT and BAT indexes and biochemical blood parameters. Weight gain from early to late adult age was accompanied by increased WAT and BAT indexes and decreased glucose tolerance. Muscle Ucp3 and Cpt1 mRNA levels and WAT Lipe and Slc2a4 mRNA levels increased from young to early adult age and then sharply decreased by the late adult age. Moreover, BAT Ucp1 mRNA level decreased in the late adult age. Fasting failed to increase muscle Cpt1 mRNA levels in late adult mice. These transcriptional changes could contribute to impaired glucose metabolism and the onset of obesity in late adult mice during normal development.
The article highlights the main trends in the development of world energy. The method of forecasting energy consumption is presented, taking into account the level and dynamics of energy consumption in general, as well as the use of individual energy resources with differentiation by countries and regions. In the present study, when forming the energy forecast, the key indicators determining the global energy demand are the dynamics of the energy intensity of GDP and per capita energy consumption. It is shown that in the total volume of world consumption of primary energy resources, oil will continue to occupy a leading position. Among fossil fuels, the demand for natural gas will increase most intensively. The share of coal in the structure of consumption of primary energy carriers will decrease, which is associated with the replacement of coal with natural gas in order to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. The greatest growth rates of demand among non-fossil fuels will be observed in renewable energy sources. The main growth in atomic energy consumption will be in the developing countries of the Asia-Pacific Region.
Morphologically, polytene chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster consist of compact "black" bands alternating with less compact "grey" bands and interbands.

We developed a comprehensive approach that combines cytological mapping data of FlyBase-annotated genes and novel tools for predicting cytogenetic features of chromosomes on the basis of their protein composition and determined the genomic coordinates for all black bands of polytene chromosome 2R. By a PCNA immunostaining assay, we obtained the replication timetable for all the bands mapped. The results allowed us to compare replication timing between polytene chromosomes in salivary glands and chromosomes from cultured diploid cell lines and to observe a substantial similarity in the global replication patterns at the band resolution level.

In both kinds of chromosomes, the intervals between black bands correspond to early replication initiation zones. Black bands are depleted of replication initiation events and are characterized by a gradient of replication timing; therefore, the time of replication completion correlates with the band length. The bands are characterized by low gene density, contain predominantly tissue-specific genes, and are represented by silent chromatin types in various tissues. The borders of black bands correspond well to the borders of topological domains as well as to the borders of the zones showing H3K27me3, SUUR, and LAMIN enrichment. In conclusion, the characteristic pattern of polytene chromosomes reflects partitioning of the Drosophila genome into two global types of domains with contrasting properties. This partitioning is conserved in different tissues and determines replication timing in Drosophila.
Localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) arise in the nanoantennas under the influence of external electromagnetic radiation. LSPR frequency depends mainly on the nanoantenna length and can vary from the visible to the terahertz range.

We establish the ratio between the structural parameters of nanoantenna arrays and LSPR frequencies based on the results of 3D electrodynamic simulations. Using nanolithography we fabricate nanoantenna arrays having LSPR frequencies close to the frequencies of the most intense absorption modes of steroid hormone cortisol. We deposit cortisol molecules onto the surface of nanoantenna arrays by drop–coating.

SEIRA spectra of the nanoantenna arrays make it possible the determination of the presence of cortisol and establishing the sensitivity limit of this method. Thus, we show possibility of SEIRA application for cortisol concentration analysis.
Serotonin 5-HT2A receptors are playing an important role in the pathophysiology of aggressive behaviors and in the control of immune function.

In the present study, we analyzed the effects of activation and blockade of 5-HT2A receptors with selective ligands on the immune response formation in animals with aggressive behaviors induced by genetic factors (rats selected for the increased aggressiveness toward human) or by chronic social stress (mice of the CBA/Lac strain engaged in 10 days of social confrontations). Activation of 5-HT2A receptors with DOI at 1.0 mg/kg reduced the immune response level both in aggressive rats and mice compared to the corresponding vehicle-treated groups, while DOI administration did not alter the immune reaction in nonaggressive animals. The blockade of 5-HT2A receptors with ketanserin at 1.0 mg/kg resulted in immunostimulation both in mice of the CBA strain not subjected to social stress (the controls) and in nonaggressive rats selected for elimination of aggressiveness. On the other hand, its administration to CBA mice demonstrating offensive aggression enhanced the immune reaction, while the same dose of ketanserin did not modify the immune response level in rats with genetic predisposition to the increased defensive aggression.

Thus, our data suggest that the role of 5-HT2A receptors in immunomodulation depends on the specific type of aggression that may be taking into account in the treatment of some neuropsychiatric disorders with the antipsychotic drugs and antidepressants targeting 5-HT2A receptors.