Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have high potential as sources of biomarkers for non-invasive diagnostics. Thus, a simple and productive method of EV isolation is demanded for certain scientific and medical applications of EVs. Here we aim to develop a simple and effective method of EV isolation from different biofluids, suitable for both scientific, and clinical analyses of miRNAs transported by EVs. The proposed aggregation–precipitation method is based on the aggregation of EVs using dextran blue and the subsequent precipitation of EVs using 1.5% polyethylene glycol solutions. The developed method allows the effective isolation of EVs from plasma and urine. As shown using TEM, dynamic light scattering, and miRNA analyses, this method is not inferior to ultracentrifugation-based EV isolation in terms of its efficacy, lack of inhibitors for polymerase reactions and applicable for both healthy donors and cancer patients. This method is fast, simple, does not need complicated equipment, can be adapted for different biofluids, and has a low cost. The aggregation–precipitation method of EV isolation accessible and suitable for both research and clinical laboratories. This method has the potential to increase the diagnostic and prognostic utilization of EVs and miRNA-based diagnostics of urogenital pathologies.
Helicity amplitudes and differential cross section of high-energy $e^+e^-$ photoproduction accompanied by bremsstrahlung in the electric field of a heavy atom are derived.

The results are exact in the nuclear charge number and obtained in the leading quasiclassical approximation. They correspond to the leading high-energy small-angle asymptotics of the amplitude.

It is shown that, in general, the Coulomb corrections essentially modify the differential cross section as compared to the Born result. When the initial photon is circularly polarized the Coulomb corrections lead to the asymmetry in the distribution over the azimuth angles $\varphi_i$ of produced particles with respect to the replacement $\varphi_i\to -\varphi_i$.
Subwavelength hole array (HA) metasurfaces support the so-called extraordinary optical transmission (EOT) resonance that has already been exploited for sensing. In this work, we demonstrate the superior performance of a different resonant regime of HA metasurfaces called anomalous EOT, by doing a thorough numerical and experimental study of its ability as a thin-film label-free sensor in the terahertz (THz) band. A comprehensive analysis using both the regular and anomalous EOT resonances is done by depositing thin layers of a dielectric analyte of different thicknesses on the structures in different scenarios. We carry out a detailed comparison and demonstrate that the best sensing performance is achieved when the structure operates in the anomalous EOT resonance and the analyte is deposited on the non-patterned side, improving by a factor between 2 and 3 the results of the EOT resonance in any of the considered scenarios. This can be explained by the comparatively narrower linewidth of the anomalous EOT resonance. The results presented expand the reach of subwavelength hole arrays for sensing applications by considering the anomalous EOT regime that is usually overlooked in the literature.
The memorial Belyaev conference-2017 continued traditions of BGRS\SB and PlantGen conference series comprising several science sections including Plant Biology.Over the last two decades, since 1998, the BGRS/SB series gained a reputation as a prime meeting venue in Russia for biologists, computer scientists, mathematicians and biochemists working in the interdisciplinary systems biology field, now focusing more on computational plant biology.The section on Plant Biology at Belyaev Conference-2017 was dedicated to genomic and post-genomic approaches to analysis of the organization of the plant genomes, the development of sequencing and genotyping applications for plants, with special emphasis to important crop cultivars.Plant-Gen-2017 event in Almaty, Kazakhstan (http://pri
The low-magnetic-field feature in the magnetic field dependence of the luminescence of negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV−) centers in diamond has been experimentally observed for the first time. This feature, centered at the zero magnetic field—henceforth the zero field line—and observed with a magnetic field sweep of NV− center luminescence (magnetic spectrum), is quite narrow. The properties of this line are considerably different from those of other narrow NV− magnetic spectrum lines.

Its amplitude is weakly dependent on the orientation of the single-crystal sample with respect to the external magnetic field. This line is also observed in a powdered sample. The shape of the line changes drastically with a change in the polarization of excitation light. The amplitude of the line non-linearly depends on excitation light intensity. For low intensities this dependence is close to the square law.

We attribute the occurrence of this line to the dipole–dipole interaction between different NV− centers.
We characterize T- and B-lymphocytes from several donors, determining cell diameter, ratio of nucleus to cell diameter, and refractive index of the nucleus and cytoplasm for each individual cell. We measure light-scattering profiles with a scanning flow cytometer and invert the signals using a coated sphere as an optical model of the cell and by relying on a global optimization technique. The main difference in morphology of T- and B-lymphocytes is found to be the larger mean diameters of the latter. However, the difference is smaller than the natural biological variability of a single cell. We propose nuclear inhomogeneity as a possible reason for the deviation of measured light-scattering profiles from real lymphocytes from those obtained from the coated sphere model.
The distinction between the charged particle and antiparticle differential cross sections of high-energy bremsstrahlung in the electric field of a heavy atom is investigated. The consideration is based on the quasiclassical approximation to the wave functions in the external field. The charge asymmetry (the ratio of the antisymmetric and symmetric parts of the differential cross section) arises due to the account for the first quasiclassical correction to the differential cross section. All evaluations are performed with the exact account of the atomic field. We consider in detail the charge asymmetry for electrons and muons. For electrons, the nuclear size effect is not important while for muons this effect should be taken into account. For the longitudinal polarization of the initial charged particle, the account for the first quasiclassical correction to the differential cross section leads to the asymmetry in the cross section with respect to the replacement $\ensuremath{\varphi}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\varphi}$, where $\ensuremath{\varphi}$ is the azimuth angle between the photon momentum and the momentum of the final charged particle.
We study the processes e+e−→π+π−π0π0π0γ and π+π−π0π0ηγ in which an energetic photon is radiated from the initial state. The data are collected with the BABAR detector at SLAC.

About 14 000 and 4700 events, respectively, are selected from a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 469 fb−1. The invariant mass of the hadronic final state defines the effective e+e− center-of-mass energy. From the mass spectra, the first precise measurement of the e+e−→π+π−π0π0π0 cross section and the first measurement ever of the e+e−→π+π−π0π0η cross section are performed. The center-of-mass energies range from threshold to 4.35 GeV. The systematic uncertainty is typically between 10% and 13%.

The contributions from ωπ0π0, ηπ+π−, and other intermediate states are presented. We observe the J/ψ and ψ(2S) in most of these final states and measure the corresponding branching fractions, many of them for the first time.
The paper considers new approaches to the preparation of structured catalysts and peculiarities of the processes for the production of hydrogen-rich gas from hydrocarbons and dimethyl ether for fuel cell feeding applications.

The results of the studies of structured catalyst for CO removal from reformate by selective methanation are presented.
Isotopic and trace element variations within single diamond crystals are widely known from both natural stones and synthetic crystals. A number of processes can produce variations in carbon isotope composition and nitrogen abundance in the course of diamond crystallization.

Here, we present evidence of carbon and nitrogen fractionation related to the growing surfaces of a diamond. We document that difference in the carbon isotope composition between cubic and octahedral growth sectors is solvent-dependent and varies from 0.7‰ in a carbonate system to 0.4‰ in a metal-carbon system. Ab initio calculations suggest up to 4‰ instantaneous 13C depletion of cubic faces in comparison to octahedral faces when grown simultaneously. Cubic growth sectors always have lower nitrogen abundance in comparison to octahedral sectors within synthetic diamond crystals in both carbonate and metal-carbon systems.

The stability of any particular growth faces of a diamond crystal depends upon the degree of carbon association in the solution. Octahedron is the dominant form in a high-associated solution while the cube is the dominant form in a low-associated solution. Fine-scale data from natural crystals potentially can provide information on the form of carbon, which was present in the growth media.
Oil transportation via trunk pipelines is an important part of the oil industry's activity. The main instrument of tariff regulation is the method of tariffs formation. Three methods of tariffs formation such as the method of economically justified costs (the Cost plus method), the method of economically justified return on investment capital (the RAB method), and the method of tariffs indexation were considered.
Flame structure of laminar premixed HC(O)OH/O2/Ar was studied both experimentally and numerically. Three available chemical kinetic models were tested. In general, all models agree with experimental results for H2O, CO, O2, CO2, HC(O)OH within the experimental error. For most of the intermediates all the models well capture the peak position and concentration profiles shape.
We numerically investigate light curves (LCs) of shocked circumstellar shells which are suggested to reproduce the observed LC of superluminous SN 2006gy analytically. In the previous analytical model, the effects of the recombination and the bolometric correction on LCs are not taken into account.

To see the effects, we perform numerical radiation hydrodynamic calculations of shocked shells by using STELLA, which can numerically treat multigroup radiation transfer with realistic opacities.

We show that the effects of the recombination and the bolometric correction are significant and the analytical model should be compare to the bolometric LC instead of a single band LC. We find that shocked circumstellar shells have a rapid LC decline initially because of the adiabatic expansion rather than the luminosity increase and the shocked shells fail to explain the LC properties of SN 2006gy. However, our synthetic LCs are qualitatively similar to those of superluminous SN 2003ma and SN 1988Z and they may be related to shocked circumstellar shells.
We search for single-photon events in 53 fb−1 of e+e− collision data collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II B-Factory. We look for events with a single high-energy photon and a large missing momentum and energy, consistent with production of a spin-1 particle A′ through the process e+e−→γA′; A′→invisible. Such particles, referred to as "dark photons," are motivated by theories applying a U(1) gauge symmetry to dark matter. We find no evidence for such processes and set 90% confidence level upper limits on the coupling strength of A′ to e+e− in the mass range mA′≤8 GeV. In particular, our limits exclude the values of the A′ coupling suggested by the dark-photon interpretation of the muon (g−2)μ anomaly, as well as a broad range of parameters for the dark-sector models.Received 14 February 2017DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.131804© 2017 American Physical SocietyPhysics Subject Headings (PhySH)Research AreasElectroweak interactionExtensions of gauge sectorHypothetical particle physics modelsParticle dark matterParticle interactionsPropertiesMagnetic momentTechniquesLepton collidersParticles & Fields
High-brightness fiber laser sources usually utilize active rare-earth-doped fibers cladding-pumped by multimode laser diodes (LDs), but they operate in limited wavelength ranges. Singlemode-passive-fiber based Raman lasers are able to operate at almost any wavelength being pumped by high-power fiber lasers.

One of the interesting possibilities is to directly pump graded-index (GRIN) multimode passive fibers by available high-power multimode LDs at 915–940 nm, thus achieving high-power Raman lasing in the wavelength range of 950–1000 nm. Here we review the latest results on the development of all-fiber high-brightness LD-pumped sources based on GRIN fiber with in-fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs). The mode-selection properties of FBGs inscribed by fs pulses supported by the Raman clean-up effect result in efficient conversion of multimode pump into a high-quality output beam at 9xx nm. GRIN fibers with core diameters 62.5, 85 and $100~\unicode[STIX]{x03BC}\text{m}$ are compared.

Further scaling capabilities and potential applications of such sources are discussed.
Being used in various industries, heat exchangers most often work under conditions of variable coolant flows and temperatures. At the same time, the existing theories of calculating the heat exchanger operation modes are based on the use of constant unitless parameters at any operation mode. Taking into account the effect of coolant rates on the heat transfer coefficient of the heat exchangers, the given relations are bound to specific types of heat exchangers and can only be used at constant coolant temperatures.

The main variable operation modes for water-to-water heat exchangers used in heat supply systems are determined. Using simulation in the PTC Mathcad software, dependencies describing the change in the heat exchanger parameter for all the considered variable operation modes are defined. This made it possible to obtain a general formula for the change in the heat exchanger parameter for varying coolant flow rates. Coefficients in this formula take into consideration the effect of coolant temperatures, which cannot be known when calculating variable conditions, especially when the interconnected heat exchangers are operating.

To test applicability of the existing relations describing the change in the heat exchanger parameter and of obtained formula, a large number of heat exchangers is calculated at variable operation modes. Comparison with the simulation results shows that the correlations of heat exchanger theories work well at the mode with constant coolant temperatures only, while their use at other operation modes can lead to large calculation errors. The obtained formula allows finding the effect of coolant flow rates on the variable heat exchanger parameter. The formula can be used to predict the operation modes of large systems including a large number of various-type heat exchangers.
Recent results of the SND detector experiments are presented. Data were taken at the VEPP-2000 and the VEPP-2M e+e− colliders in the Novosibirsk in the c.m. energy ranges from 0.3 to 2.00 GeV.

Integrated luminosity used are 70pb-1 and 25pb-1 respectively.

The cross sections of the e+e− → π0γ, K+K−, ωπ0, π+π−π0η, ωη, ωηπ0 processes has been measured.
The main problems of constructing models used to develop of spatial and sectoral long-term economic forecasts are due to the lack of direct statistical data in full, i.e. regional tables of distribution of goods and services. Their calculation has to be carried out on the basis of a limited set of direct and indirect indicators that make it possible to determine the spatial structures of production, consumption, accumulation of fixed capital, etc. with an accuracy sufficient for further use in the information content of interregional intersectoral models. The report examines the problems of spatial allocation of the all-Russian table “input-output” and proposes the author's approach to the partial automation of the procedures necessary to construct a set of regional tables (by federal district). Regionalization was carried out using a static interregional intersectoral model with control of bordering outcomes. The result is a set of consistent regional tables as of 2015 - the sum of eight input-output tables exactly matches the all-Russian table. The constructed static multiregional input-output model (OMIOM) across federal districts is necessary for the next stage of work - the development of a semi-dynamic model used to calculate options for long-term national economic forecasts.
Long Interspersed Nuclear Element-1 (LINE-1, L1) is a mobile genetic element active in human genomes. L1-encoded ORF1 and ORF2 proteins bind L1 RNAs, forming ribonucleoproteins (RNPs). These RNPs interact with diverse host proteins, some repressive and others required for the L1 lifecycle.

Using differential affinity purifications and quantitative mass spectrometry, we have characterized the proteins associated with distinctive L1 macromolecular complexes.

Our findings support the presence of multiple L1-derived retrotransposition intermediates in vivo. Among them, we describe a cytoplasmic intermediate that we hypothesize to be the canonical ORF1p/ORF2p/L1 - RNA-containing RNP, and we describe a nuclear population containing ORF2p, but lacking ORF1p, which likely contains host factors participating in template-primed reverse transcription.
Under the third screening of WHO program MONICA -Psychosocial a random representative sample of both gender aged 25- 64 years in Novosibirsk was examined in 1994 (n = 1346, male 48.8%, mean age 44,9 ± 0,4 years).

The sleep assessment was performed using the Jenkins Sleep Questionnaire. There were 15 cases of new-onset MI in women and 30 in men, new-onset stroke 35 cases in women and 22 in men from 1994 to 2010. Univariate analysis showed 2.4-fold risk of MI in those males with SD over 16-year of follow-up (95%CI 1.1-5.3; p< 0.05) but not for women. MI risk was higher in those men who were never married, divorced or widowed (p for all <0.01) compared to married ones. Risk of stroke was higher in men HR = 3 (95%CI 1.2-7.6;p < 0.05) than in women HR = 1.9 (95%CI 1.03-3.7; p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed 2.8-fold risk of stroke (95%CI 1.1-7.1; p < 0.05) in men and HR = 2.7 in women (95%CI 1.4-5.42;p < 0.01) with SD.

Sleep disorders is a risk factor of MI in men only and stroke for both gender and negative social gradient increases cardiovascular risk.
The proof of the multi-Regge form of multiple production amplitudes in the next-to-leading logarithmic approximation is presented for Yang-Mills theories with fermions and scalars in any representations of the color group and with any Yukawa-type interaction.

Explicit expressions for the Reggeized gauge boson trajectory, the Reggeon vertices, and the impact factors are given.

Fulfillment of the bootstrap conditions is proved.
A prototype of a multichannel information-measuring system for measuring the vector of induction of the Earth's magnetic field (EMF) was developed, manufactured and successfully passed a complex of preliminary tests, which is applicable for the further development of technology for airborne geophysical reconnaissance at different altitudes from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and a software product that allows with the measurement of the value of the induction modulus of the EMF, determine the values of its components.
previous experiments using pulses with laser wavelengths at 1030-1064 nm

We experimentally demonstrate that spatial beam self-cleaning can be highly efficient when obtained with a few-mode excitation in graded-index multimode optical fibers. By using 160 ps long, highly chirped (6 nm bandwidth at -3dB) optical pulses at 1562 nm

we demonstrate a one-decade reduction of the power threshold for spatial beam self-cleaning, with respect to previous experiments. Self-cleaned beams remain spatio-temporally stable for more than a decade of their peak power variation. The impact of input pulse temporal duration is also studied.
gator codons reading and the elongator codons sequence are analyzed.Such conditions correspond to the situation when one ribosome of polyribosomal complex catches up with another ribosome and stumbles upon it during the mRNA translation.

A conclusion is drawn on great significance of the polyribosomal organization of translation apparatus in the regulation of rates and ratio of individual proteins biosynthesis.
The aim of the paper is to analyze the influence of a cloud layer horizontal inhomogeneity on radiation fluxes in the atmosphere using the models based on observation data of the optical thickness for stratus clouds.

To reproduce the correlation structure and one-dimensional distributions of the observed stratus optical thickness fields we have developed numerical stochastic cloud models based on the inverse distribution function method and autoregressive schemes. We used Monte Carlo methods to simulate the radiation fluxes for visible and infrared ranges of wavelength.
History of HPAI H5N1 shows obvious importance of Central Asian region in its spreading. The outbreaks of the H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI H5N1) were reported in wild birds at the Qinghai Lake since 2005. This area seems to be key point for H5N1 avian influenza surveillance in wild birds.

The aim of study was to detect H5N1 virus in wild geese in Qinghai Province in 2012. The work was provided according to WHO and OIE guidelines. In 2012, we collected 532 samples from wild geese of two species: Bar-headed Goose (Anser indicus) and Graylag Goose (Anser anser). We analyzed samples by chicken embryo inoculation and PCR.

No avian influenza viruses were isolated. We did not find viruses although H5N1 cases in poultry were reported from 5 provinces of China in 2012. Annual surveillance is required for early AIV detection in this region.
Computational prediction of the effect of mutations on protein stability is used by researchers in many fields. The utility of the prediction methods is affected by their accuracy and bias. Bias, a systematic shift of the predicted change of stability, has been noted as an issue for several methods, but has not been investigated systematically. Presence of the bias may lead to misleading results especially when exploring the effects of combination of different mutations.Here we use a protocol to measure the bias as a function of the number of introduced mutations. It is based on a self-consistency test of the reciprocity the effect of a mutation. An advantage of the used approach is that it relies solely on crystal structures without experimentally measured stability values. We applied the protocol to four popular algorithms predicting change of protein stability upon mutation, FoldX, Eris, Rosetta and I-Mutant, and found an inherent bias. For one program, FoldX, we manage to substantially reduce the bias using additional relaxation by Modeller. Authors using algorithms for predicting effects of mutations should be aware of the bias described here.All calculations were implemented by in-house PERL scripts.Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.The article 10.1093/bioinformatics/bty348, published alongside this paper, also addresses the problem of biases in protein stability change predictions.
Spin mixing at level anti-crossings (lacs) enables transfer of SABRE-derived spin polarization

to spin-1/2 hetero-nuclei