Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Analysis of trends in the development of silicon photonics shows the high efficiency regarding the creation of optical sensors.

The concept of bimodal sensors, which suggests moving away from the usual paradigm based only on single-mode waveguides and using the inter-mode interaction of guided optical waves in a two-mode optical waveguide, is developed in the present paper. In this case, the interaction occurs in the presence of an asymmetric periodic perturbation of the refractive index above the waveguide surface. Such a system has unique dispersion properties that lead to the implementation of collinear Bragg diffraction with the mode number transformation, in which there is an extremely high dependence of the Bragg wavelength on the change in the refractive index of the environment.

This is called the 'effect of dispersion-enhanced sensitivity'. In this paper, it is shown by numerical calculation methods that the effect can be used to create optical sensors with the homogeneous sensitivity higher than 3000 nm/RIU, which is many times better than that of sensors in single-mode waveguide structures.
Long-Lived spin States (LLSs) hold a great promise for sustaining non-thermal spin order and investigating various slow processes by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Of special interest for such application are molecules containing nearly equivalent magnetic nuclei, which possess LLSs even at high magnetic fields. In this work, we report an LLS in trans- 15 N, 15 N′-azobenzene. The singlet state of the 15 N spin pair exhibits a long-lived character. We solve the challenging problem of generating and detecting this LLS and further increase the LLS population by converting the much higher magnetization of protons into the 15 N singlet spin order. As far as the longevity of this spin order is concerned, various schemes have been tested for sustaining the LLS. Lifetimes of 17 minutes have been achieved at 16.4 T, a value about 250 times longer than the longitudinal relaxation time of 15 N in this magnetic field. We believe that such extended relaxation times, along with the photochromic properties of azobenzene, which changes conformation upon light irradiation and can be hyperpolarized by using parahydrogen, are promising for designing new experiments with photo-switchable long-lived hyperpolarization.
The house musk shrew, Suncus murinus, is polymorphic for five Robertsonian translocations (Rb8.17, 9.13, 10.12, 11.16, 14.15).

Fluorescence in situ hybridisation with a biotin-labelled oligonucleotide, (TTAGGG)7, was performed to localise the telomeric DNA sequences at Rb chromosomes of heterozygous shrews.

Hybridisation signals were observed at both ends of all chromosomes, but not at the pericentromeric areas of any of the Robertsonian metacentrics. Our results indicate a complete loss of the telomeric sequences at the fusion points of the Rb metacentrics in S. murinus.
Light-induced frequency shifts can be a key limiting contribution to the mid and long-term frequency instability in atomic clocks.

In this letter, we demonstrate the experimental implementation of the combined error signal interrogation protocol to a cold-atom clock based on coherent population trapping (CPT) and Ramsey spectroscopy. The method uses a single error signal that results from the normalized combination of two error signals extracted from two Ramsey sequences of different dark periods. The single combined error signal is used to stabilize the atomic clock frequency.

Compared to the standard Ramsey-CPT interrogation, this method reduces the clock frequency sensitivity to light-shift variations by more than one order of magnitude. This method can be applied in various kinds of Ramsey-based atomic clocks, sensors and instruments.
Changes in the N-glycosylation of immunoglobulin G (IgG) are often observed in pathological states, such as autoimmune, inflammatory, neurodegenerative, cardiovascular diseases and some types of cancer. However, in most cases, it is not clear if the disease onset causes these changes, or if the changes in IgG N-glycosylation are among the risk factors for the diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the casual relationships between IgG N-glycosylation traits and 12 diseases, in which the alterations of IgG N-glycome were previously reported, using two sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. We have performed two sample MR using publicly available summary statistics of genome-wide association studies of IgG N-glycosylation and disease risks. Our results indicate positive causal effect of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) on the abundance of N-glycans with bisecting N-acetylglucosamine in the total IgG N-glycome. Therefore, we suggest regarding this IgG glycosylation trait as a biomarker of SLE. We also emphasize the need for more powerful GWAS studies of IgG N-glycosylation to further elucidate the causal effect of IgG N-glycome on the diseases.
Interface properties of VOPc films on Ni(111) and graphene/Ni(111) were investigated by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS), and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The XAS spectra reveal that the molecules grow highly ordered on both substrates, flat lying on the substrate surface. On Ni(111), strong interactions between vanadium ions of the VOPc molecules and the substrate were observed. It seems, however, that not all molecules of the first monolayer interact with the substrate. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) suggests that the strength of the interaction depends on the molecular orientation (oxygen-up or oxygen-down). The interaction can be completely prevented by graphene as an intermediate layer. Graphene affects not only the strength of the interaction at the interface, but also the energy level alignment.
With the increase of Sino-Russian cooperation in various fields, interest in Chinese is growing in Russia, which highlights the role of Confucius Institute to meet demand. Confucius Institute is a non-profit educational organization jointly established by China and other countries. Each of the 22 Confucius Institutes and classrooms in Russia present its distinctive feature and work hard in helping the Russian people learn Chinese, understand Chinese culture and enhance the humanist exchange between China and Russia.

Using Confucius Institute of Novosibirsk State University as an example, this paper introduces works done by the institute from three aspects. Firstly, it contributes to Chinese education in the university. Secondly, it meets local residents’ needs to learn Chinese. Thirdly, it broadens the scope of regional cooperation and trains local Chinese teachers. With the support of Xinjiang University in China, the Confucius Institute at Novosibirsk State University has cooperated with many higher and secondary education institutions in Russia to expand international cooperation in Chinese education.

The effective work of Confucius Institute at Novosibirsk State University has proved that it has played an active role in Chinese education. Against the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic, all Confucius Institutes and classrooms in Russia have continued operating by taking advantage of online teaching and learning and explored the route of development characterized with “Internet + Chinese”. The authors believe that Confucius Institutes will keep on contributing to the Chinese education in Russia with the joint efforts of both parties.
New results of the e© e π © π K© K K S K L π 0 γ η 0 γ processes cross section measure- ments are presented.The results are based on the 30 pb 1 data, accumulated by SND detector at VEPP-2M e© e collider in the energy range s 0 4 1 4 GeV during 1995-2000 years.The comparison with existing experimental data shows that the measurement accuracy is close to or better than the world average.For the e© e π © π process the accuracy is 1%.This is important for calculation of hadronic contribution into the muon anomalous magnetic moment.
The effect of cryogenic temperature on the formation of solid solutions by mechanical alloying (MA) was studied using synchrotron diffraction and some additional methods. Two systems with different positive enthalpy of mixing (Cu-Ag и Au-Co) were involved.

MA by severe plastic deformation at 293 K and 80 K leads to the formation of fcc substitutional solid solutions, with the excess of the equilibrium concentration for both systems. Diffraction experiments were performed at the SR beamline №4 of the VEPP-3 storage ring.

The effect of cryogenic deformation consists in smaller dissolution of the original basic element of the charge (Cu) for Cu-Ag solid solution and in increasing of solute (Co) for Au-Co one.
Characteristics and catalytic activity in hydrogen production from formic acid of Au catalysts supported on porous N-free (Au/C) and N-doped carbon (Au/N-C) have been compared with those of Au/SiO2 and Au/Al2O3 catalysts. Among the catalysts examined, the Au/N-C catalyst showed the highest Au mass-based catalytic activity. The following trend was found at 448 K: Au/N-C > Au/SiO2 > Au/Al2O3, Au/C. The trend for the selectivity in hydrogen production was different: Au/C (99.5%) > Au/Al2O3 (98.0%) > Au/N-C (96.3%) > Au/SiO2 (83.0%). According to XPS data the Au was present in metallic state in all catalysts after the reaction. TEM analysis revealed that the use of the N-C support allowed obtaining highly dispersed Au nanoparticles with a mean size of about 2 nm, which was close to those for the Au catalysts on the oxide supports. However, it was by a factor of 5 smaller than that for the Au/C catalyst. The difference in dispersion could explain the difference in the catalytic activity for the carbon-based catalysts. Additionally, the high activity of the Au/N-C catalyst could be related to the presence of pyridinic type nitrogen on the N-doped carbon surface, which activates the formic acid molecule forming pyridinium formate species further interacting with Au. This was confirmed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The results of this study may assist the development of novel Au catalysts for different catalytic reactions.
Permafrost structure of Samoylov island coastline was determined with geological and geophysical methods. Geoelectrical model based on electrical resistivity tomography and ground penetrating radar data was compared with geological observations. Structure of contact between different types of frozen deposits was determined, influence of river water on permafrost (talik borders were determined) was estimated, ice wedges of different thickness were localized. Results of the study could be useful in permafrost research in the region because studied objects are typical in Lena delta.
Levilimab is anti-interleukin-6 receptor (IL6R) monoclonal antibody. The article presents data obtained during 24 weeks of the SOLAR phase III study. Objective : to confirm efficacy and safety of levilimab in combination with methotrexate (MTX) in patients with methotrexate resistant active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Patients and methods . 154 adult patients, aged ≥18 years with the diagnosis of RA (ACR/EULAR 2010) and confirmed disease activity at screening despite treatment with MTX for at least 12 weeks (in a stable dose 15-25 mg/week). Patients were randomized 2:1 in levilimab (162 mg once a week, subcutaneously) + MTX (n=102) or placebo + MTX (n=52) group.The hypothesis of superiority of levilimab over placebo was tested for two co-primary efficacy endpoints: proportion of subjects who achieved ACR20 at week 12 and proportion of subjects who achieved low disease activity (LDA) of RA (DAS28-CRP <3.2) at week 24. Safety was assessed through monitoring of adverse events (AEs). Results and discussion . Seventy (68.6%) subjects who received levilimab and 20 (38.5%) who received placebo achieved ACR20 response at week 12. Fifty three (52%) subjects who received levilimab and 3 (5,8%) subjects who received placebo achieved LDA at week 24. The most common adverse events (reported in ≥5% of subjects) in levilimab and placebo arms, respectively were (by decreasing frequency): blood c holesterol increase (24% vs 12%), alanine aminotransferase elevation (11% vs 8%), lymphocyte count decrease (9% vs 8%), blood total bilirubin increase (11% vs 0%), blood triglycerides increase (10% vs 2%), aspartate aminotransferase elevation (7% vs 4%), positive interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) with M.tuberculosis antigen blood test (5% vs 6%), absolute neutrophil count decrease (8% vs 0%). No deaths were occurred. Conclusion . The study confirmed superior efficacy of levilimab + MTX over placebo + MTX in subjects with MTX resistant active RA. Levilimab showed favorable safety profile and low immunogenicity. No new important safety risks were detected.
An iterative method for computing the channel capacity of both discrete and continuous input, continuous output channels is proposed. The efficiency of new method is demonstrated in comparison with the classical Blahut - Arimoto algorithm for several known channels. Moreover, we also present a hybrid method combining advantages of both the Blahut - Arimoto algorithm and our iterative approach. The new method is especially efficient for the channels with a priory unknown discrete input alphabet.
This contribution describes a 30-year experience of teaching a general course in solid-state chemistry for undergraduates, which introduces at the same time the main concepts of crystallography, gives an introduction to structure analysis techniques, and makes links to courses in inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry and biochemistry.

Such a combination can be beneficial for bringing the fundamentals of crystallography (basics and techniques) closer to its `users' – chemists, materials scientists, biologists – and can be considered as an attempt to create a course in `applied crystallography'.

The aim of the course is to teach chemists which chemical information can be retrieved from a crystal structure and how. This is complementary to more generally accepted courses, which teach how to obtain structural information and to describe crystal structures.
We study the laser cooling of atoms with a narrow-line optical transition in monochromatic laser light, i.e. in regimes of quantum nature of laser-light interactions resulting in a significant recoil effect. It is demonstrated that a minimum laser cooling temperature for two-level atom in standing wave reached for red detuning close to 3 recoil frequency, greatly different from the theory used for a semiclassical description of Doppler cooling. A set of dimensionless parameters uniquely characterizing the time evolution and the steady state of different atoms with narrow-line optical transitions in the laser field is introduced. The results can be used for analysis of optimal conditions for laser cooling of atoms with narrow lines such as Ca, Sr, and Mg, which are of great interest for atomic clocks.
Influence of forced mechanical vibrations of a suspended single-electron transistor on electron tunneling through the quantum dot limited by the Coulomb blockade is investigated. It is shown that mechanical oscillations of the quantum dot lead to the Coulomb blockade breakdown, shown in sharp resonant peaks in the transistor conductance dependence on the excitation frequency at values corresponding to the mechanical oscillations eigen modes. Physical mechanism of the observed effect is considered. It is presumably connected with oscillations of the mutual electrical capacitances between the quantum dot and surrounding electrodes.
Hybrid zones between chromosome races of the common shrew (Sorex araneus) provide exceptional models to study the potential role of chromosome rearrangements in the initial steps of speciation. The Novosibirsk and Tomsk races differ by a series of Robertsonian fusions with monobrachial homology. They form a narrow hybrid zone and generate hybrids with both simple (chain of three chromosomes) and complex (chain of eight or nine) synaptic configurations. Using immunolocalisation of the meiotic proteins, we examined chromosome pairing and recombination in males from the hybrid zone. Homozygotes and simple heterozygotes for Robertsonian fusions showed a low frequency of synaptic aberrations (<10%). The carriers of complex synaptic configurations showed multiple pairing abnormalities, which might lead to reduced fertility. The recombination frequency in the proximal regions of most chromosomes of all karyotypes was much lower than in the other regions. The strong suppression of recombination in the pericentromeric regions and co-segregation of race specific chromosomes involved in the long chains would be expected to lead to linkage disequilibrium between genes located there. Genic differentiation, together with the high frequency of pairing aberrations in male carriers of the long chains, might contribute to maintenance of the narrow hybrid zone.
Experimental modeling of ankerite–pyrite interaction was carried out on a multi-anvil high-pressure apparatus of a “split sphere” type (6.3 GPa, 1050–1550 °C, 20–60 h).

At T ≤ 1250 °C, the formation of pyrrhotite, dolomite, magnesite, and metastable graphite was established. At higher temperatures, the generation of two immiscible melts (carbonate and sulfide ones), as well as graphite crystallization and diamond growth on seeds, occurred. It was established that the decrease in iron concentration in ankerite occurs by extraction of iron by sulfide and leads to the formation of pyrrhotite or sulfide melt, with corresponding ankerite breakdown into dolomite and magnesite.

Further redox interaction of Ca,Mg,Fe carbonates with pyrrhotite (or between carbonate and sulfide melts) results in the carbonate reduction to C0 and metastable graphite formation (±diamond growth on seeds). It was established that the ankerite–pyrite interaction, which can occur in a downgoing slab, involves ankerite sulfidation that triggers further graphite-forming redox reactions and can be one of the scenarios of the elemental carbon formation under subduction settings.
Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and its type II receptor AMHR2, both previously thought to primarily function in gonadal tissue

AMH signaling regulates expression of BMPR2, ALK2, and ALK3, supports protein kinase B-nuclear factor κB (AKT-NF-κB) and SMAD survival signaling, and influences BMP-dependent signaling in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). AMH and AMHR2 are selectively expressed in epithelial versus mesenchymal cells, and loss of AMH/AMHR2 induces EMT. Independent induction of EMT reduces expression of AMH and AMHR2.

EMT associated with depletion of AMH or AMHR2 results in chemoresistance but sensitizes cells to the heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) inhibitor ganetespib. Recognition of this AMH/AMHR2 axis helps to further elucidate TGF-β/BMP resistance-associated signaling and suggests new strategies for therapeutic targeting of EMT.
We report preliminary results on the measurement of the e + e -→ K + K -π + π -cross section in the c. m. energy range from 1.5 GeV to 2 GeV.

It was found that the cross section is dominated by the contributions of the K + K -ρ, K * Kπ, φ π + π -and K * K * intermediate states.
Functional nutrition is a valuable supplementation to dietary therapy. Functional foods are enriched with biologically active substances. Plant polyphenols attract particular attention due to multiple beneficial properties attributed to their high antioxidant and other biological activities. We assessed the effect of grape polyphenols on the life span of C57BL/6 mice and on behavioral and neuroinflammatory alterations in a transgenic mouse model of Parkinson disease (PD) with overexpression of the A53T-mutant human α-synuclein. C57BL/6 mice were given a dietary supplement containing grape polyphenol concentrate (GPC—1.5 mL/kg/day) with drinking water from the age of 6–8 weeks for life. Transgenic PD mice received GPC beginning at the age of 10 weeks for four months. GPC significantly influenced the cumulative proportion of surviving and substantially augmented the average life span in mice. In the transgenic PD model, the grape polyphenol (GP) diet enhanced memory reconsolidation and diminished memory extinction in a passive avoidance test. Behavioral effects of GP treatment were accompanied by a decrease in α-synuclein accumulation in the frontal cortex and a reduction in the expression of neuroinflammatory markers (IBA1 and CD54) in the frontal cortex and hippocampus. Thus, a GP-rich diet is recommended as promising functional nutrition for aging people and patients with neurodegenerative disorders.
The article analyzes the main stages of the formation of inter-fuel competition.

A statistical analysis of changes in the fuel and energy balance at the global and regional levels has been performed.

The key factors contributing to inter-fuel competition at the present stage of development of energy markets are highlighted.
To study the relation between the consumption of the main macronutrients and food groups with the risk of fatal outcomes from cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in people with newly diagnosed diabetes and those who are informed about type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

This prospective analysis included 681 people (284 men and 397 women) with T2DM at baseline HAPIEE (Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial factors In Eastern Europe) 2003 (05) – December 31, 2018 and averaged 14.7 ± 0.7 years. There were 207 incident CV mortality during follow-up period (107 men, 100 women). The questionnaire on the presence of T2DM included information on the awareness of individuals about the presence of T2DM. The actual nutrition data included information on the consumption of 147 foods. The hazard ratio was estimated using Cox regression.

In men who aware of T2DM, the most significant risk factors were the poor all-season fruits intake and excessive chicken eggs consumption. In women with type 2 diabetes, an increase in white bread consumption is of importance to increasing the risk of an undesirable CV outcome, and an increase in black bread consumption counts for reducing the risk.
Charm and charmonium physics have gained renewed interest in the past decade. Recent spectroscopic observations strongly motivate these studies. Among the several possible reactions, measurements in proton-antiproton annihilation play an important role, complementary to the studies performed at B-factories.

The fixed target PANDA experiment at FAIR (Darmstadt, Germany) will investigate fundamental questions of hadron and nuclear physics in the interactions of antiprotons with nucleons and nuclei. With reaction rates as large as 2*10^7 interactions/s, and a mass resolution 20 times better as compared with the most recent B-factories, PANDA is in a privileged position to successfully perform the measurement of the width of narrow states, such as the X(3872). PANDA will investigate also high spin particles, whose observation was forbidden at B-factories, i.e. F-wave charmonium states.

In this report extrapolations on cross sections and rates with PANDA are given.
Nitroxide-mediated polymerization is now a mature technique, at 35 years of age. During this time, several variants have been developed: electron spin capture polymerization (ESCP), photoNMP (NMP2), chemically initiated NMP (CI-NMP), spin label NMP (SL-NMP), and plasmon-initiated NMP (PI-NMP). This mini-review is devoted to the features and applications of these variants.
Correction for ‘Niobium uptake by a [P8W48O184]40−macrocyclic polyanion’ by Alexandra A. Shmakovaet al.,New J. Chem., 2019,43, 9943–9952.
The effect of food deprivation (for 16 h on day 15 and day 18 of gestation) on reproduction in water voles (Arvicola terrestris) and their offspring was examined.

In food-deprived mothers, fecundity was diminished and sex ratio of young was skewed toward males. Maternal food deprivation in late pregnancy had no effect on the reproductive performance of young males, but it increased reproductive potency of young females. A prolonged positive effect of food restriction on reproduction of female offspring may be important in restoring the size of the population in the next generation.
Интегральная модель волновых режимов течения тонкого слоя вязкой жидкости, учитывающая члены второго порядка малости