Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
The article attempts to consider emotional perception and normative orientation in reading with an emphasis on such emotions as shame. Reading is a significant part of the daily lives of researchers, and obviously there are a number of social norms around and about reading. In the course of the research, an assumption was made that the normative expectations relevant to the reader are able to create a ground for experiencing shame. Phenomenological analysis of interviews and focus group materials with researchers allowed us to identify reasons for shame about professional and leisure reading in relation to regulatory constraints, some explanations of this experience, as well as related features of motivation to read. The experience of shame in relation to reading comes from the perception of the researcher himself in the modification of reading and the corresponding normative expectations – so, the manifestation of shame was recorded in discussions about both work and leisure reading. It turned out that reading both scientific and leisure literature is perceived by researchers as their status duty, in this regard, its "inadequacy" becomes a key reason for experiencing shame.
The paper is devoted to the study of AP-CVD synthesis of graphene on a copper substrate.

In this work, the effect of hydrogen concentration in the synthesis gas mixture on the growth of a graphene coating is studied experimentally. Two series of experiments with methane concentrations of 0.02% and 0.05% are presented.

It is shown that a change in concentration of hydrogen has a nonmonotonic effect on the degree of substrate covering with graphene. This indicates that hydrogen is involved in several competing processes. One of these processes is stabilization of the edges of growing graphene domains. Another is etching of the forming graphene structures and reduction of hydrocarbon radicals on the copper substrate surface and in the bulk. It is shown that an increase in methane concentration leads to an increase in the rate of graphene crystal growth. To preserve the kinetics of graphene domain growth, it is necessary to reduce the H 2 /CH 4 coefficient in the working mixture.
The objective of this study was to assess genetic diversity within old and modern common spring wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) varieties cultivated in Siberia and to find out whether old Siberian varieties could be a potential source for genetic diversity in modern wheat breeding in Siberia.

A set of 54 varieties was analysed using 22 wheat microsatellite markers (WMS), determining 23 loci located on 19 different chromosomes. In total, 151 alleles were detected with an average of 6.6, ranging from three to 11 alleles per locus. The average genetic diversity value (polymorphic information content) was 0.70. WMS located in the B genome produced more alleles per locus (7.6) compared with WMS located in the A (6.0) and D (6.0) genomes. Genetic similarity values between varieties ranged from 0.19 to 0.96 and were used to produce a dendrogram.

With a few exceptions the varieties studied were clustered in two nearly equal groups consisting of predominantly old (released before 1960) and modern (released in 1960‐90s) varieties, respectively. Genetic diversity values within these two groups were similar with 0.60 and 0.58, respectively. The numbers of group‐specific alleles were 34 and 29, respectively. A significant variation in frequencies of 79 shared alleles was observed. The results obtained by using genomic microsatellite sequences demonstrated that breeding has not resulted in a decrease in the genetic diversity in Siberian spring wheat. However, significant quantitative and qualitative changes in allelic frequencies of different loci were detected. It may be suggested, that old Siberian common spring wheat varieties are a potential basis for genetic diversity in modern wheat breeding in Siberia.
In this research, interaction of liquid microdroplets with the air-vapor flow near the contact line (the three-phase solid - liquid - gas boundary) is studied. It is shown experimentally that the flight of levitating microdroplets from the wetted surface to the dry one is accompanied by a significant change in the levitation height, which proves the existence of a zone near the contact line with intense evaporation.
The sublethal effects of high predation risk on both prey behavior and physiology may have long-term consequences for prey population dynamics. We tested the hypothesis that snowshoe hares during the population decline are chronically stressed because of high predation risk whereas those during the population low are not, and that this has negative effects on both their physiology and demography. Snowshoe hares exhibit 10-yr population cycles; during declines, virtually every hare that dies is killed by a predator. We assessed the physiological responsiveness of the stress axis and of energy mobilization by subjecting hares during the population decline and low to a hormonal-challenge protocol. We monitored the population demography through live-trapping and assessed reproduction through a maternal-cage technique. During the 1990s' decline in the Yukon, Canada, hares were chronically stressed—as indicated by higher levels of free cortisol, reduced maximum corticosteroid-binding capacity, reduced testosterone response, reduced index of body condition, reduced leucocyte counts, increased overwinter body-mass loss, and increased glucose mobilization, relative to hares during the population low. This evidence is consistent with the explanation that predation risk, not high hare density or poor nutritional condition, accounted for the chronic stress and for the marked deterioration of reproduction during the decline. Reproduction and indices of stress physiology did not improve until predation risk declined. These findings may also account for the lag in recovery of hare reproduction after predator densities have declined and thus may implicate the long-term consequences of predation risk on prey populations beyond the immediate effects of predators on prey behavior and physiology.
This paper reports on development of an optical system for tomographic imaging in reacting flows.

The measurement principle is based on registration of Stokes Raman scattering (rovibrational transitions for molecular nitrogen), when a transparent object is illuminated by a laser sheet.

The method allows to retrieve local gas density and concentration.
Highly coherent frequency-entangled photons at telecom band are critical in quantum information protocols and quantum tele-communication. Photon pairs generated by spontaneous parametric down-conversion in nonlinear crystals or modulation instability in optical fibers exhibit random fluctuations. Here, we demonstrate highly stable frequency-entangled photons based on parametric instability in an active fiber ring cavity, where periodic modulation of dispersion excites parametric resonance, and the characteristic wave number is selected by the periodic modulation of resonator. Background-free autocorrelation of single-shot spectra reveals that spectra of parametric instability sidebands possess high coherence. The quantum properties are tested by the Hanbury Brown-Twiss measurement and Hong-Ou-Mandel interference. We conform the frequency-entanglement of two parametric instability sidebands by a spatial quantum beating with a fringe visibility of 97.9%. Our results prove that the parametric instability in active fiber cavity is effective to generate highly coherent frequency-entangled photon pairs, which would facilitate subsequent quantum applications.
we demonstrate bioconversion of methane to muconic acid by three gammaproteobacterial methanotrophs

muconic acid can be upgraded to an array of platform chemicals
Using a human cDNA expression array, we obtained expression profiles of 588 genes in CD14+ monocytes and monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs).

Semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction method confirmed the upregulated expression levels in DCs for TNFRII, TNF-alpha, alpha catenin and downregulation of IFN-gamma, GM-CSFR on four different donor samples of DCs and monocytes.

Overall, 22 genes were upregulated, and nine genes were downregulated in DCs of both samples from two different individuals. Many of the genes that were upregulated in DCs encode proteins that are related to differentiation, cell structure, migration, termination of cell cycle as well as proliferation. Among the downregulated genes in DCs were genes that encode proteins of cell cycle regulation. Moreover, our data show the presence of a 'switch-on' step for the TNF-alpha and TNFRII gene expression in immature DCs for further differentiation into mature DCs.
Nifedipine is calcium channels and pumps blocker widely used in medicine. However, mechanisms of nifedipine action in blood are not clear. In particular, the influence of nifedipine on erythrocytes is far from completely understood. In this work, applying scanning flow cytometry, we observed experimentally for the first time the dynamics behind a significant increase of HCO 3 − /Cl − transmembrane exchange rate of CDB3 (main anion exchanger, AE1, Band 3, SLC4A1) of human erythrocytes in the presence of nifedipine in blood. It was found that the rate of CDB3 activation is not limited by the rate of nifedipine binding and/or Ca 2+ transport. In order to explain the experimental data, we suggested a kinetic model assuming that the rate of CDB3 activation is limited by the dynamics of the balance between two intracellular processes (1) the activation of CDB3 limited by its interaction with intracellular Ca 2+ , and (2) the spontaneous deactivation of CDB3. Thus the use of scanning flow cytometry allowed to clarify quantitatively the molecular kinetic mechanism of nifedipine action on human erythrocytes. In particular, the efficiency (~30) and rates of activation (~0.3 min −1 ) and deactivation (~10 −3 min −1 ) of CDB3 in human erythrocytes was evaluated for two donors. © 2019 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
The article poses the problem of modeling processes associated with the construction of large-scale infrastructural projects in the context of the Bering Strait tunnel (road construction in the Far North). The purpose of the simulation is to identify potential problems and estimate losses for various participants in similar projects.

The study is based on such a simulation method as multi-agent modeling. The article describes the basics of building the topology of a multi-agent system in relation to this task: decomposing a process into subprocesses, identifying the main active agents, describing of the characteristics (attributes) of these agents, determining the type of their interaction.

The article also presents a graph that is the prototype of a multi-agent system for a specific subject area and a description of the interactions of the identified agents.
The charmless decays $B^{\pm}\to K^{\pm}\pi^+\pi^-$ and $B^{\pm}\to K^{\pm}K^+K^-$ are reconstructed using data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb$^{-1}$, collected by LHCb in 2011.

The inclusive charge asymmetries of these modes are measured as $A_{C\!P}(B^{\pm}\to K^{\pm}\pi^+\pi^-) = 0.032 \pm 0.008 \stat \pm 0.004 \syst \pm 0.007 (J\psi K^{\pm})$ and $A_{C\!P}(B^{\pm}\to K^{\pm}K^+K^-) = -0.043 \pm 0.009 \stat \pm 0.003 \syst \pm 0.007 (J\psi K^{\pm})$, where the third uncertainty is due to the $C\!P$ asymmetry of the $B^{\pm}\to J\psi K^{\pm}$ reference mode.

The significance of $A_{C\!P}(B^{\pm}\to K^{\pm}K^+K^-)$ exceeds three standard deviations and is the first evidence of an inclusive $C\!P$ asymmetry in charmless three-body $B$ decays. In addition to the inclusive $C\!P$ asymmetries, larger asymmetries are observed in localised regions of phase space.
Анализ влияния институциональной среды на формирование современных корпоративных практик имеет большое значение в контексте повышения эффективности управления в российских компаниях.

Основным направлением исследования является определение степени влияния институциональной среды на формирование корпоративных управленческих практик и устойчивых организационных рутин.В статье приводятся результаты опросов руководителей среднего и высшего звена компаний Сибирского федерального округа (СФО).Анализ опросов в динамике за период 2012-2016 гг.

Результаты исследования показали, что на протяжении целого ряда лет наиболее значимыми для компаний оставались практики управления внешними и внутренними информационными потоками, нестандартные управленческие подходы, распределение формальной и неформальной власти в компаниях.выявил усиление влияния налоговой и коррупционной составляющей на деятельность компаний СФО
Thin and ultra thin liquid films driven by a forced gas/vapor flow (stratified or annular flows), i.e. shear-driven liquid films in a narrow channel, is one of the promising candidate for the thermal management of advanced semiconductor devices with high local heat release.

In experiments performed in this paper with locally heated shear-driven liquid films of water the effect of various conditions, such as flow rates of liquid and gas and channel height, on critical heat flux (CHF) was investigated. In experiments the record value of CHF as high as 540 W/cm2 has been achieved. The heat spreading into the substrate and the heat loses into the atmosphere in total don't exceed 30% at heat fluxes higher than 200 W/cm2.

Comparison of shear-driven liquid films and gravity-driven liquid films showed that CHF in shear-driven films up to 10 times higher than in gravity-driven liquid films. Thus, prospect of using shear- driven films of water in modern cooling systems of semiconductor devices was confirmed.
Fine structural details of glycans attached to the conserved N-glycosylation site significantly not only affect function of individual immunoglobulin G (IgG) molecules but also mediate inflammation at the systemic level. By analyzing IgG glycosylation in 5,117 individuals from four European populations, we have revealed very complex patterns of changes in IgG glycosylation with age. Several IgG glycans (including FA2B, FA2G2, and FA2BG2) changed considerably with age and the combination of these three glycans can explain up to 58% of variance in chronological age, significantly more than other markers of biological age like telomere lengths. The remaining variance in these glycans strongly correlated with physiological parameters associated with biological age. Thus, IgG glycosylation appears to be closely linked with both chronological and biological ages. Considering the important role of IgG glycans in inflammation, and because the observed changes with age promote inflammation, changes in IgG glycosylation also seem to represent a factor contributing to aging.
We review some applications of Gröbner-Shirshov bases

including PBW theorems, linear bases of free universal algebras, normal forms for groups and semigroups, extensions of groups and algebras

embedding of algebras
The new radiofrequency (RF) gun making an intensive high-quality electron beam for injecting in Novosibirsk microtron recuperator (ERL) and driving Free Electron Laser (FEL) is made in Budker INP SB RAS. Bench tests of RF gun demonstrated good results in strict accordance with the calculations predicting average current of a bunch of 100 мА, energy of particles of 400 keV and normalized emittance less than 15 microns. The RF gun stand testing showed reliable work, unpretentious for vacuum conditions and stable in long-term operation. The additional injection beamline built-in to the existing system of the NovoFEL injector with the static gun is developed and designed.
Chromosomes are hierarchically folded within cell nuclei into territories, domains and subdomains, but the functional importance and evolutionary dynamics of these hierarchies are poorly defined. Here, we comprehensively profiled genome organizations of five Anopheles mosquito species and showed how different levels of chromatin architecture influence contacts between genomic loci. Patterns observed on Hi-C maps are associated with known cytological structures, epigenetic profiles, and gene expression levels. At the level of individual loci, we identified specific, extremely long-ranged looping interactions, conserved for ~100 million years. We showed that the mechanisms underlying these looping contacts differ from previously described Polycomb-dependent interactions and clustering of active chromatin.
The Federal Law of November 24, 2014 No. 376-FZ "On Amendments to Parts One and Two of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation (with regard to taxation of profits of controlled foreign companies and foreign organizations proceeds)" adopted in the framework of the deoffshorization program caused the increase in the doctrinal discussions of this program. It aimed at reducing the outflow of capital abroad, to fight against the concealment of the proceeds of legal entities whose beneficiaries are Russian residents formally registered in offshore zones. It is worth noting that due to the name of the program, designated by the President of the Russian Federation at the end of 2013, the law in question became known as the "anti-offshore law" Such a wording provoked the formation of an erroneous opinion that the construction "controlled foreign company" introduced by this law is synonymous with the term "offshore company". The paper analyzes the doctrinal sources that reveal the concept and essence of the two phenomena (controlled by a foreign company and an offshore company), and scrutinizes their legal definitions. The paper provides not only the characteristics of both business entities, but also the features that make it possible to draw a clear line between these types of organizations. Thus, the author concludes that the companies under consideration have some autonomy, but, despite this fact, she still notes three important and significant conditions, the observance of which leads to the equivalence of a controlled foreign company and an offshore company.
In the current work gold catalysts supported on both commercial oxides and oxides synthesized by the sol-gel method were used for the one-pot alcohol amination of myrtenol. In general, utilization of metal oxides synthesized by the sol-gel method as the gold catalyst support enhanced the knowledge regarding key parameters determining catalytic behavior. Synthesized alumina was characterized by stronger acid sites favoring primary amine accumulation on the catalyst surface, as compared to the commercial oxide. Utilization of mixed metal oxides synthesized by the sol-gel method resulted in the non-additive behavior of different oxides enhancing the catalytic activity. Introduction of ceria into alumina modified the support basicity resulting in more efficient alcohol activation.
Structural homology modeling supported by bioinformatics analysis plays a key role in uncovering new molecular interactions within gene regulatory networks. Here, we have applied this powerful approach to analyze the molecular interactions orchestrating death receptor signaling networks. In particular, we focused on the molecular mechanisms of CD95-mediated NF-κB activation and the role of c-FLIP/NEMO interaction in the induction of this pathway.

To this end, we have created the homology model of the c-FLIP/NEMO complex using the reported structure of the v-FLIP/NEMO complex, and rationally designed peptides targeting this complex. The designed peptides were based on the NEMO structure. Furthermore, we have assumed that the c-FLIP/NEMO complex is recruited to the DED filaments formed upon CD95 activation and validated this assumption in silico.

Strikingly, the experimental in vitro validation demonstrated that the best inhibitory effects on CD95-mediated NF-κB activation are exhibited by the NEMO-derived peptides with the substitution D242Y of NEMO. Further insight into the function of c-FLIP/NEMO complex was provided by the analysis of evolutionary conservation of interacting regions which demonstrated that this interaction is common in distinct mammalian species. Taken together, using a combination of bioinformatics and experimental approaches we obtained new insights into CD95-mediated NF-κB activation, providing manifold possibilities for targeting the death receptor network.
The use of biomedical SNP markers of diseases can improve effectiveness of treatment. Genotyping of patients with subsequent searching for SNPs more frequent than in norm is the only commonly accepted method for identification of SNP markers within the framework of translational research. The bioinformatics applications aimed at millions of unannotated SNPs of the '1000 Genomes' can make this search for SNP markers more focused and less expensive.

We used our Web service involving Fisher's Z-score for candidate SNP markers to find a significant change in a gene's expression. Here we analyzed the change caused by SNPs in the gene's promoter via a change in affinity of the TATA-binding protein for this promoter. We provide examples and discuss how to use this bioinformatics application in the course of practical analysis of unannotated SNPs from the '1000 Genomes' project.

Using known biomedical SNP markers, we identified 17 novel candidate SNP markers nearby: rs549858786 (rheumatoid arthritis); rs72661131 (cardiovascular events in rheumatoid arthritis); rs562962093 (stroke); rs563558831 (cyclophosphamide bioactivation); rs55878706 (malaria resistance, leukopenia), rs572527200 (asthma, systemic sclerosis, and psoriasis), rs371045754 (hemophilia B), rs587745372 (cardiovascular events); rs372329931, rs200209906, rs367732974, and rs549591993 (all four: cancer); rs17231520 and rs569033466 (both: atherosclerosis); rs63750953, rs281864525, and rs34166473 (all three: malaria resistance, thalassemia).
Direct lineage conversion is a promising approach for disease modeling and regenerative medicine. Cell divisions play a key role in reprogramming of somatic cells to pluripotency, however their role in direct lineage conversion is not clear. Here we used transdifferentiation of fibroblasts into neuronal cells by forced expression of defined transcription factors as a model system to study the role of cellular division in the direct conversion process. We have shown that conversion occurs in the presence of the cell cycle inhibitors aphidicolin or mimosine. Moreover, overexpression of the cell cycle activator cMyc negatively influences the process of direct conversion. Overall, our results suggest that cell divisions are not essential for the direct conversion of fibroblasts into neuronal cells.
The work describes a new developed cell, which allows simultaneous acoustic measurements and X-ray tomography of hydrate-bearing samples.

The results of the first experiments on the formation of xenon hydrate in a sand sample by the 'excess gas' method are presented.

The formation of gas hydrate in the sample led to compressional wave velocity increase associated with cementation of granules with hydrate. The obtained tomographic images showed that formed xenon hydrate envelops sand granules. A uniform distribution of hydrate in the pore space in the scan area is also observed.
Preparation of 1D coordination polymers based on luminescent hexanuclear cluster complexes.