Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
The 2020 summer season has revealed frequent occurrences of noctilucent clouds (NLCs) around the Northern hemisphere at middle latitudes (45–55° N), with the lowest latitude at which NLCs were seen being 34.1° N.

In order to investigate a reason for this NLC extraordinary summer season, we have analyzed long-term Aura/MLS satellite data for all available summer periods from 2005 to 2020. Both Aura/MLS summer temperature and water vapor in the upper mesosphere and the mesopause region, between 74 and 89 km altitude, have been considered.

We have found that there has been a moderate decrease in the upper mesosphere temperature between 2016 and 2020 and no dramatic changes have been observed in temperature in the summer of 2020 at the middle latitude mesopause. At the same time, water vapor concentration has significantly increased (by about 12–15 %) in the zonal mean H2O value in the 2020 summer compared to 2017, meaning that the summer mesopause at middle latitudes has become more wet. At the same time, no increase in water vapor has been detected at the high latitude high altitude mesopause. A combination of lower mesopause temperature and water vapor concentration maximum at middle latitudes is the main reason for frequent and widespread occurrences of NLCs seen around the globe at middle latitudes in the summer of 2020. The 24th solar cycle minimum cannot explain the H2O maximum in 2020 since the correlation between Lyman-α flux and the amount of water vapor is low. The increase in volcanic activity from 2013 to 2015 (and its recent maximum occurred in 2015) explains the increased amount of water vapor in the upper mesosphere for the past years and its maximum in 2020 due to volcanic water vapor being injected into the atmosphere and transported into the upper mesosphere. The 5-year delay between volcanic activity and water vapor maximum is well explained by a general meridional-vertical atmospheric circulation.
Numerical simulation of supersonic flow past a cylinder with a frontal gas-permeable insert is performed using the skeleton model of a highly porous cellular material. Numerical simulation was carried out within the framework of two-dimensional RANS equations written in an axisymmetric form. The skeleton model is a system of coaxial rings of different diameters, arranged in staggered order. The calculations were carried out in a wide range of determining parameters: Mach numbers M∞ = 3, 4.85 and 7, unit Reynolds numbers Re1∞ = 13.8×105 ÷ 13.8×106 m-1, the cylinder diameter 6÷40mm, the length of the porous insert 3÷45mm, the cell diameter of 1 and 3 mm. The results of the calculations are consistent with the available experimental data. The applicability of the skeleton model for the description of supersonic flow around axisymmetric bodies with front inserts from cellular-porous materials is shown.
A bstract The quantum interference between the decays of entangled neutral kaons is studied in the process ϕ → K S K L → π + π − π + π − , which exhibits the characteristic Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen correlations that prevent both kaons to decay into π + π − at the same time. This constitutes a very powerful tool for testing at the utmost precision the quantum coherence of the entangled kaon pair state, and to search for tiny decoherence and $$ \mathcal{CPT} $$ CPT violation effects, which may be justified in a quantum gravity framework. The analysed data sample was collected with the KLOE detector at DAΦNE, the Frascati ϕ -factory, and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of about 1.7 fb − 1 , i.e. to about 1 . 7 × 10 9 ϕ → K S K L decays produced. From the fit of the observed ∆ t distribution, being ∆ t the difference of the kaon decay times, the decoherence and $$ \mathcal{CPT} $$ CPT violation parameters of various phenomenological models are measured with a largely improved accuracy with respect to previous analyses. The results are consistent with no deviation from quantum mechanics and $$ \mathcal{CPT} $$ CPT symmetry, while for some parameters the precision reaches the interesting level at which — in the most optimistic scenarios — quantum gravity effects might show up. They provide the most stringent limits up to date on the considered models.
There are two main reasons for the development of cotton growing in the southern regions of the country: the first is objective, the second is subjective. An objective reason for the development of cotton growing in the southern regions of the country is the natural climate and relief of the region. The southwestern, southern part of the region is located on the plains of the Turan depression. In particular, the climate of the region has its own characteristics: dry air, predominance of sunlight and hot days, long autumn, sufficient and convenient location of water sources for irrigation. The climate of the Turkestan region is similar to that of neighboring Uzbekistan in terms of sunshine and hot days from May to October, and even higher than in a number of other agricultural countries.

The article states in detail that the only way to solve the problem of economic independence under favorable climatic conditions is the need for efficient use of agricultural land resources. It also describes the structure of agricultural land in the southern part of the country, the relevance and development of crop production through the introduction of scientific and technological progress, the basis for the effective use of land resources and socio-economic results.

In general, in the context of the development of world market relations, the effectiveness of the reforms carried out in our country will undoubtedly allow our country to develop economically.
A generalization of the Pokrovskii-Vinogradov model for flows of solutions and melts of incompressible viscoelastic polymeric media to the case of nonisothermic flows in an infinite plane channel under the effect of a magnetic field is considered.

A formal asymptotic representation is derived for the eigenvalues of the linearized problem (the basic solution is an analogue of the Poiseuille flow of a viscous fluid in the Navier-Stokes model) as their absolute value increases.

A necessary condition for the asymptotic stability of an analogue of the Poiseuille shear flow is deduced. Bibliography: 22 titles.
The concepts of allostatic load and overload, i.e. a dramatic increase in the allostatic load that predisposes to disease, have been extensively described in the literature. Here, we show that rats engaging in active offensive response (AOR) behavioral strategies to chronic predator scent stress (PSS) display less anxiety behavior and lower plasma cortisol levels versus rats engaging in passive defensive response (PDR) behavioral strategies to chronic PSS. In the same chronic PSS paradigm, AOR rats also have higher lactate and lower glutamate levels in amygdala but not in control-region hippocampus versus PDR rats. The implications of these findings for regulation of allostatic and stress responses, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are discussed.
The article focuses on the range of scientific issues which have been studied by sociolinguists who apply dynamic models mainly to the material of the English language. Priority is given to network models and their predecessors – the study of relationships within semantic fields. Sociolinguists discovered this type of correlation earlier using other methods on English materials.

The author's observations of the circulation of the meanings as they are reflected in the Russian associative-verbal network (hereafter AVN) provide supporting evidence for the links between the dimensions of socio-communicative networks (strength, density, direction of contacts) and the emergence of favorable conditions for socially significant language changes. The instability of the social environment of the post-Soviet world manifests itself (within three generations) in the dynamics of socio-communicative attitudes concerning the ways people manipulate the bodies of language units.

Thus attested shifts in motivational orientations of the Russian language personality can be studied further on as potential activators of socially conditioned language changes. The AVN materials allow scientists to consider the psychological dimensions in their interpretations of sociolinguistically significant dynamics. The use of AVN models in the light of actual (within 3-4 generations) diachrony opens up the prospect of developing associative variantology as a new branch of experimental psychosociolinguistics; the study of the circulation of word meanings in the semantic field of culture provides valuable empirical data for ethnopolitical sociolinguistics.
We consider a single-server GI/GI/1 queueing system with feedback. We assume the service times distribution to be (intermediate) regularly varying.

We find the tail asymptotics for a customer's sojourn time in two regimes: the customer arrives in an empty system, and the customer arrives in the system in the stationary regime. In particular, in the case of Poisson input we use the branching processes structure and provide more precise formulae. As auxiliary results, we find the tail asymptotics for the busy period distribution in a single-server queue with an intermediate varying service times distribution and establish the principle-of-a-single-big-jump equivalences that characterise the asymptotics.
The behaviour of magnetite Fe3O4 at high pressure has been tackled quite extensively in recent years in an effort to eluci-date the magnetic-electronic state and structural characteristics of the high-pressure phase [1]. Maghemite (γ-Fe2O3), the fully oxidised structural analogue of magnetite Fe3O4, is both of geophysical significance and of crucial importance to the magnetic read-write recording industries. In this study the behaviour of a well-characterised sample ofmaghemite, in which there is evidence of vacancy ordering [2], has been investigated under quasi-hydrostatic conditions in a diamond-anvil cell at pressures up to ∼30 GPa using synchrotron X-ray diffraction (beamline XRD1, ELETTRA). Inmaghemite iron is trivalent in the spinel lattice and a preponderance of ordered or disordered vacancies (perhaps partially occupied by impurity atoms) occurs, to ensure charge compensation. Our sample has vacancies in an ordered array as deduced from the superstructure peaks in the diffraction pattern [2]. The original ordered vacancy structure is main-tained upon pressurising to ∼17 GPa. This is also the onset transformation pressure from maghemite to a new structural phase, ascribed to hematite (α-Fe2O3). Maghemite (and vacancy superstructure) phase signatures coexist with the new structural phase up to ∼25GPa. Radical changes occur to the original maghemite vacancy superstructure in this regime of phase coexistence. The transformation to the new structural phase of Fe2O3 is completed at ∼27 GPa. This is similar to the transition pressures reported in a previous Fe Mossbauer pressure study of well crystallized maghemite [3] and for annealed bulk γ-Fe2O3 [4]. The pressure-induced transfor-mation is irreversible and upon decompression the high pressure phase is preserved to ambient conditions. The bulk modulus for the maghemite and the hematite highpressure phase have been extracted from the P-V data.
In disease states, mesothelial cells are exposed to variable osmotic conditions, with high osmotic stress exerted by peritoneal dialysis (PD) fluids. They contain unphysiologically high concentrations of glucose and result in major peritoneal membrane transformation and PD function loss. The effects of isotonic entry of urea and myo-inositol in hypertonic (380 mOsm/kg) medium on the cell volume of primary cultures of rat peritoneal mesothelial cells and rat kidney outer medullary collecting duct (OMCD) principal cells were studied. In hypertonic medium, rat peritoneal mesothelial cells activated a different mechanism of cell volume regulation in the presence of isotonic urea (100 mM) in comparison to rat kidney OMCD principal cells. In kidney OMCD cells inflow of urea into the shrunken cell results in restoration of cell volume. In the shrunken peritoneal mesothelial cells, isotonic urea inflow caused a small volume increase and activated regulatory volume decrease (RVD). Isotonic myo-inositol activated RVD in hypertonic medium in both cell types. Isotonic application of both osmolytes caused a sharp increase of intracellular calcium both in peritoneal mesothelial cells and in kidney OMCD principal cells. In conclusion, peritoneal mesothelial cells exhibit RVD mechanisms when challenged with myo-inositol and urea under hyperosmolar isotonic switch from mannitol through involvement of calcium-dependent control. Myo-inositol effects were identical with the ones in OMCD principal cells whereas urea effects in OMCD principal cells led to no RVD induction.
A brief review of the recent results on the hadronic cross section measurements with the CMD-3 detector at the e + e − collider VEPP-2000 is given. Focus is made on the processes with charged kaons in multihadron events, which have a strong impact on strange meson spectroscopy and form factors that are important ingredients in the Dalitz plot analysis.

Experimental data relevant to the topic are presented from the broad energy range covered by VEPP-2000 and compared to earlier measurements by the different collaborations. The analysis is based on the integrated luminosity of about 100 pb −1 collected in 2011, 2012 and 2017.
Bumetanide has anxiolytic effects in rat models of conditioned fear. As a loop diuretic, bumetanide blocks cation-chloride co-transport and this property may allow bumetanide to act as an anxiolytic by modulating GABAergic synaptic transmission in the CNS. Its potential for the treatment of anxiety disorders deserves further investigation.

In this study, we evaluated the possible involvement of the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala in the anxiolytic effect of bumetanide.
We address the problem of the annotation of CpG islands (CGIs) clusters in the human genome. Upon analyzing gene content within CGIs clusters, piRNA, tRNA, and miRNA-encoding genes were found as well as CpG-rich homeobox genes reported previously. Chromosome-wide CGI density is positively correlated with replication timing, confirming that CGIs may serve as open chromatin markers. Early embryonic stage expressed KRAB-ZNF genes abundant at chromosome 19 were found to be interlinked with CGI clusters. We detected that a number of long CGIs and CGI clusters are, in fact, tandem copies with multiple annotated macrosatellites and paralogous genes. This finding implies that tandem expansion of CGIs may serve as a substrate for nonhomologous recombination events.
Anti-inflammatory activity of amides of levopimaric acid (LpA) with acetylenic moiety and its esters with 4-R-triazolic substitutions was investigated using histamine-induced mice paw edema model.The synthesized LpA derivatives possess anti-inflammatory activity comparable to the activity of indomethacin.
The microinclusions in cuboid diamonds from Ebelyakh River deposits (northeastern Siberian craton) have been investigated by FIB/TEM techniques. It was found that these microinclusions have multiphase associations, containing silicates, oxides, carbonates, halides, sulfides, graphite, and fluid phases. The bulk chemical composition of the microinclusions indicates two contrasting growth media: Mg-rich carbonatitic and Al-rich silicic. Each media has their own specific set of daughter phases. Carbonatitic microinclusions are characterized by the presence of dolomite, phlogopite, apatite, Mg, Fe-oxide, KCl, rutile, magnetite, Fe-sulfides, and hydrous fluid phases. Silicic microinclusions are composed mainly of free SiO2 phase (quartz), high-Si mica (phengite), Al-silicate (paragonite), F-apatite, Ca-carbonates enriched with Sr and Ba, Fe-sulfides, and hydrous fluid phases. These associations resulted from the cooling of diamond-forming carbonatitic and silicic fluids/melts preserved in microinclusions in cuboid diamonds during their ascent to the surface. The observed compositional variations indicate different origins and evolutions of these fluids/melts.
In this report we show that human DNA Topoisomerase I (Top1) forms DNA‐protein adducts with nicked and gapped DNA structures lacking a conventional Top1 cleavage site.

The radioactively labeled crosslinking products were identified by SDS‐gel electrophoresis. The chemical structure of the groups at 5′ or 3′ end of the nick does not have an effect on the formation of these covalent adducts.

Therefore, all kinds of nicks, either directly induced by ionizing radiation or reactive oxygen species or indirectly induced in the course of base excision repair (BER) are targets for Top1 that competes with BER proteins and other nick‐sensors. Top1‐DNA covalent adducts formed in cells exposed to DNA damaging agents can promote genetic instability.
Most modern breeding programs aim to develop wheat (T. aestivum L.) varieties with a high grain protein content (GPC) due to its greater milling and cooking quality, and improved grain price. Here, we used a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to map single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with GPC in 93 spring bread wheat varieties developed by eight Russian Breeding Centers. The varieties were evaluated for GPC, grain weight per spike (GWS), and thousand-kernel weight (TKW) at six environments, and genotyped with 9351 polymorphic SNPs and two SNPs associated with the NAM-A1 gene. GPC varied from 9.8 to 20.0%, depending on the genotype and environment. Nearly 52% of the genotypes had a GPC > 14.5%, which is the threshold value for entry into high-class wheat varieties. Broad-sense heritability for GPC was moderate (0.42), which is due to the significant effect of environment and genotype × environment interactions. GWAS performed on mean GPC evaluated across six environments identified eleven significant marker-trait associations, of which nine were physically mapped on chromosome 6A. Screening of wheat varieties for allelic variants of the NAM-A1 gene indicated that 60% of the varieties contained the NAM-A1c allele, followed by 33% for NAM-A1d, and 5% for NAM-A1a alleles. Varieties with the NAM-A1d allele showed significantly (p < 0.01) smaller GPC than those with NAM-A1c and NAM-A1a. However, no significant differences between NAM-A1 alleles were observed for both GWS and TKW.
Upon analyzing gene content within CGIs clusters, piRNA, tRNA, and miRNA-encoding genes were found as well as CpG-rich homeobox genes reported previously.

We address the problem of the annotation of CpG islands (CGIs) clusters in the human genome. Chromosome-wide CGI density is positively correlated with replication timing, confirming that CGIs may serve as open chromatin markers. Early embryonic stage expressed KRAB-ZNF genes abundant at chromosome 19 were found to be interlinked with CGI clusters. We detected that a number of long CGIs and CGI clusters are, in fact, tandem copies with multiple annotated macrosatellites and paralogous genes.

This finding implies that tandem expansion of CGIs may serve as a substrate for nonhomologous recombination events.
This study showed that silicon dioxide of plant origin penetrated into the human body unchanged and was transferred through the blood to the heart, where absorbed by the pathological hydroxyapatite of mineralized heart valves.
FeatureScan is a software package aiming to reveal novel types of DNA sequence similarity by comparing physico-chemical properties. Thirty-eight different parameters of DNA double strands such as charge, melting enthalpy, conformational parameters and the like are provided.

As input FeatureScan requires two sequences, a pattern sequence and a target sequence, search conditions are set by selecting a specific DNA parameter and a threshold value. Search results are displayed in FASTA format and directly linked to external genome databases/browsers (ENSEMBL, NCBI, UCSC).

An Internet version of FeatureScan is accessible at http://genome.gbf.de/featurescan/ . As part of the HOBIT initiative ( http://hobit.sourceforge.net/ ) FeatureScan is also accessible as a web service at its above home page. Currently, several preloaded genomes are provided at this Internet website ( Homo sapiens , Mus musculus , Rattus norvegicus and four strains of Escherichia coli ) as target sequences. Standalone executables of FeatureScan are available on request.
One of the limitations in obtaining the genetic diversity of doubled haploid (DH) lines via anther culture is the development of families of regenerants, and each family represents a clone.

This work examines the results of studying this phenomenon in anther culture of alloplasmic (H. vulgare)–T. aestivum and euplasmic lines with 1RS.1BL and 7DL-7Ai translocations and hybrids between them. Parameters of androgenesis such as the number of embryo-like structures, the total number of regenerants, and the number of green regenerants per 100 anthers varied depending on the genotype. In all genotypes from embryo-like structures, predominant development of families of plantlets rather than single plantlets was found. The source of family plantlets was polyembryos. About 75% of families consisted of regenerants at the same fertility level. On average, 37.74%4% of the R0 plants were fertile.

The sister DH lines of three hybrid combinations were formed from seeds of R1 plants (2n = 42) with high fertility and in the presence of wheat–alien translocations. After four years of breeding trials, the sister DH lines of three families with fungal disease resistance increased yield, and some parameters of grain quality exceeding the controls were identified as promising for breeding.
For accurate species-level identification of microorganisms, researchers today increasingly use a combination of standard microbiological cultivation and visual observation methods with molecular biological and genetic techniques that help distinguish between species and strains of microorganisms at the level of DNA or RNA molecules. The aim of this work was to identify microorganisms from the ICG SB RAS Collection using an integrated approach that involves a combination of various phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. Key molecular-genetic and phenotypic characteristics were determined for 93 microbial strains from the ICG SB RAS Collection. The strains were characterized by means of morphological, physiological, moleculargenetic, and mass-spectrometric parameters. Specific features of the growth of the strains on different media were determined, and cell morphology was evaluated. The strains were tested for the ability to utilize various substrates. The strains studied were found to significantly differ in their biochemical characteristics. Physiological characteristics of the strains from the collection were identified too, e. g., the relationship with oxygen, type of nutrition, suitable temperature and pH ranges, and NaCl tolerance. In this work, the microorganisms analyzed were combined into separate groups based on the similarities of their phenotypic characteristics. This categorization, after further refinement and expansion of the spectrum of taxa and their metabolic maps, may serve as the basis for the creation of an “artificial” classification that can be used as a key for simplified and quicker identification and recognition of microorganisms within both the ICG SB RAS Collection and other collections.