Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Recently, the observation of a high-frequency private allele, the 9-repeat allele at microsatellite D9S1120, in all sampled Native American and Western Beringian populations has been interpreted as evidence that all modern Native Americans descend primarily from a single founding population. However, this inference assumed that all copies of the 9-repeat allele were identical by descent and that the geographic distribution of this allele had not been influenced by natural selection.

To investigate whether these assumptions are satisfied, we genotyped 34 single nucleotide polymorphisms across ∼500 kilobases (kb) around D9S1120 in 21 Native American and Western Beringian populations and 54 other worldwide populations. Using a new method for estimating the time to the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of all sampled copies of an allele on the basis of an estimate of the length of the genealogy descended from the MRCA, we calculate the mean time to the MRCA of the 9-repeat allele to be between 7,325 and 39,900 years, depending on the demographic model used.

All chromosomes with the 9-repeat allele share the same haplotypic background in the vicinity of D9S1120, suggesting that all sampled copies of the 9-repeat allele are identical by descent. Ninety-one percent of these chromosomes share the same 76.26 kb haplotype, which we call the 'American Modal Haplotype' (AMH). Three observations lead us to conclude that the high frequency and widespread distribution of the 9-repeat allele are unlikely to be the result of positive selection. The results support the hypothesis that all modern Native Americans and Western Beringians trace a large portion of their ancestry to a single founding population that may have been isolated from other Asian populations prior to expanding into the Americas.
On May 8, 1980, the World Health Assembly at its 33rd session solemnly declared that the world and all its peoples had won freedom from smallpox and recommended ceasing the vaccination of the population against smallpox. Currently, a larger part of the world population has no immunity not only against smallpox but also against other zoonotic orthopoxvirus infections. Recently, recorded outbreaks of orthopoxvirus diseases not only of domestic animals but also of humans have become more frequent. All this indicates a new situation in the ecology and evolution of zoonotic orthopoxviruses. Analysis of state-of-the-art data on the phylogenetic relationships, ecology, and host range of orthopoxviruses—etiological agents of smallpox (variola virus, VARV), monkeypox (MPXV), cowpox (CPXV), vaccinia (VACV), and camelpox (CMLV)—as well as the patterns of their evolution suggests that a VARV-like virus could emerge in the course of natural evolution of modern zoonotic orthopoxviruses. Thus, there is an insistent need for organization of the international control over the outbreaks of zoonotic orthopoxvirus infections in various countries to provide a rapid response and prevent them from developing into epidemics.
The main views of the issue of stress and hypertension are briefly reviewed. It is well known that stress is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease development. Increase in blood pressure is a typical manifestation of the acute stress response. This fact is the reason to hypothesize that chronic stress causes the development of hypertensive disease. An association of hypertension with psychological stress in humans was shown in several works. In addition, it was demonstrated that hypertension was accompanied by an increase in sympathetic tone. On the other hand, there were many population studies in which no association was found between different types of chronic stress and arterial hyper­tension. Thus, the question is far from being answered. Even in the cases when one managed to obtain a signi­ficant hypertensive effect in experimental studies with emotional stress, it was difficult to explain the mechanisms mediating the formation of stressinduced hypertension. To clarify the situation, one of the authors of this review decided to begin the breeding of a rat strain with increased blood pressure response to emotional stress. This breeding gave rise to inbred rats with persistent stress-induced arterial hypertension. A brief history of the development of the genetic model ofstress-induced arterial hypertension, the ISIAH rat strain, is given. A retrospective review of the studies performed with ISIAH rats is presented. The contribution of genotype changes in the neuroendocrine systems involved in stress and blood pressure regulation to the development ofstress-dependent hypertension in the ISIAH rat strain is shown.
The life-history theory suggests that parental experience of the environment is passed to offspring, which allows them to adapt to prevailing conditions. This idea is supported from the mother’s side, but to a much less extent from the father’s side. Here, we investigated the effect of immunising fathers on pre- and neonatal development and on immune and neuroendocrine phenotypes of their offspring in C57BL/6J mice. Nine days before mating, fathers were intraperitoneally injected with the immunogenic protein keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). Females mated with immunised males had less pre-weaning mortality of newborns compared to those mated with control males. Although the antibody response to KLH was similar for the male offspring of control and immunised fathers, the mass indexes of their main immune organs and their androgen response differed significantly. The mass indexes of the thymus and spleen in adult male offspring of immunised fathers were higher compared with the control offspring. The plasma testosterone levels were significantly decreased after KLH administration in the male offspring of control but not of immunised fathers. This was correlated with changes in sperm average path and straight-line velocities. Finally, excitatory neurotransmitters prevailed over inhibitory ones in the amygdala of the progeny of immunised fathers, while in control offspring, the opposite occurred. This is indicative of complex behavioural changes in the offspring of immunised fathers, including sexual ones. Therefore, the paternal experience of foreign antigens modulates the immune and neuroendocrine systems of their progeny, suggesting possible survival and reproductive adaptations to parasitic pressure.
The efficiency of natural and artificial selection is critically dependent on the recombination rate. However, interbreed and individual variation in recombination rate in poultry remains unknown. Conventional methods of analysis of recombination such as genetic linkage analysis, sperm genotyping and chiasma count at lampbrush chromosomes are expensive and time-consuming.

In this study, we analyzed the number and distribution of recombination nodules in spermatocytes of the roosters of six chicken breeds using immunolocalization of key proteins involved in chromosome pairing and recombination.

We revealed significant effects of breed (R2=0.17; p<0.001) and individual (R2=0.28; p<0.001) on variation in the number of recombination nodules. Both interbreed and individual variations in recombination rate were almost entirely determined by variation in recombination density on macrochromosomes, because almost all microchromosomes in each breed had one recombination nodule. Despite interbreed differences in the density of recombination nodules, the patterns of their distribution along homologous chromosomes were similar. The breeds examined in this study showed a correspondence between the age of the breed and its recombination rate. Those with high recombination rates (Pervomai, Russian White and Brahma) are relatively young breeds created by crossing several local breeds. The breeds displaying low recombination rate are ancient local breeds: Cochin (Indo-China), Brown Leghorn (Tuscany, Italy) and Russian Crested (the European part of Russia).
In this work, a labyrinth metasurface sensor operating at the low‐frequency edge of the THz band is presented. Its intricate shape leads to a high electric field confinement on the surface of the structure, resulting in ultrasensitive performance, able to detect samples of the order of tens of nanometers at a wavelength of the order of millimeters (i.e., five orders of magnitude larger). The sensing capabilities of the labyrinth metasurface are evaluated numerically and experimentally by covering the metallic face with tin dioxide (SnO 2 ) thin films with thicknesses ranging from 24 to 345 nm. A redshift of the resonant frequency is observed as the analyte thickness increases, until reaching a thickness of 20 μm, where the response saturates. A maximum sensitivity of more than 800 and a figure of merit near 4500 nm −1 are achieved, allowing discriminating differences in the SnO 2 thickness of less than 25 nm, and improving previous works by a factor of 35. This result can open a new paradigm of ultrasensitive devices based on intricate metageometries overcoming the limitations of classical metasurface sensor designs based on periodic metaatoms.
The first example of adamantane derivatives containing monoterpene moieties that showed inhibitory activity against several orthopoxviruses.
The paper explores the potential of using a Virtual Learning Environment in teaching English to Master students at a Russian university. On the base of an e-Learning platform a kind of private website has been created with an online English course for Master students âEnglish for Chemists and Biologistsâ. The course is described in some detail. The Learning Management System supplied by Moodle, an e-Learning platform, is presented. The materials and tools provided by the Moodle system are considered. The outcomes are discussed of a mixture of a traditional and online English course used to teach the university students. The author endeavours to determine whether the infusion of technology positively influences the acquisition of the English language by the Russian university students. The author claims that the pedagogical approach which involves both the technology-enhanced teaching and the face-to-face teaching is the approach which is characteristic of the 21st century teaching practice. This promising pedagogical approach helps to improve and innovate language learning in the classroom and outside the classroom.
The paper is devoted to an experimental study of the heat transfer dynamics during evaporation of a single liquid drop on a heated horizontal surface, which is a sapphire glass coated with a high heat-resistant black graphite paint. The method employed in research can be used to study the heat and mass transfer processes in the gas-liquid-solid contact line region with maximum heat transfer coefficient. Its particular feature as compared to the previously known methods is the solution of the initial-boundary problem for the heat conductivity equation, which in terms of mathematics is a correct problem. Using the thermography method, the sapphire surface temperature fields after single drop impingement are determined. The data obtained will be used to calculate the heat flux density in the region of the contact line of the drop.
Using 1.0 fb^{-1} of pp collision data collected at a centre-of-mass energy of sqrt{s}=7 TeV with the LHCb detector, measurements of the polarization amplitudes, strong phase difference and triple product asymmetries in the B_s^0 -> phi phi decay mode are presented. The measured values are |A_0|^2 = 0.365 +- 0.022 (stat) +- 0.012 (syst), |A_perp|^2 = 0.291 +- 0.024 (stat) +- 0.010 (syst), cos(delta_parallel) = -0.844 +- 0.068 (stat) +- 0.029 (syst), A_U = -0.055 +- 0.036 (stat) +- 0.018 (syst), A_V = 0.010 +- 0.036 (stat) +- 0.018 (syst) .
Nowadays socio-economic development of countries and regions is characterized by changing of emphasis. Thus, this raises the question about adequacy of traditional measurement methods for evaluation of the socio-economic development results. The task of development and implementation more relevant indicators and evaluation methods has increasing importance. The authors suggesttheir view of the stated problem and approach to evaluation of socio-economic development results of the territories. This approach is based on consideration sustainability, inclusiveness and innovation aspects. Composition of indicators which is appropriate to usefor evaluating the degree of harmonious socio-economic development is substantiated by the authors. The feasibility of using factor analysis based on principal components method for calculating the compositional harmonious development index is substantiated in the publication. The index for Russian regions is calculating using stated method for control years chosen from the period 2000-2019. Rankings are constructed based on index values. The main characteristics of the regions determining the degree of harmonious development is identified based on the results. The results of the research are aimed at improvinganalysis abilities, the evaluating methods of socio-economic development of the territories and providing rationale for state economic and regional policy.
An analysis of the decays of $B^\mp \rightarrow D K^\mp$ and $B^\mp \rightarrow D \pi^\mp $ is presented in which the $D$ meson is reconstructed in the three-body final states $K^\mp \pi^\pm \pi^0$, $\pi^+ \pi^- \pi^0$ and $K^+ K^- \pi^0$. Using data from LHCb corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb$^{-1}$ of $pp$ collisions, measurements of several $CP$ observables are performed. First observations are obtained of the suppressed ADS decay $B^\mp \rightarrow [\pi^\mp K^\pm \pi^0]_D \pi^\mp$ and the quasi-GLW decay $B^\mp \rightarrow [K^+ K^- \pi^0]_D \pi^\mp$. The results are interpreted in the context of the unitarity triangle angle $\gamma$ and related parameters.
Background Immunization of mice with tumor homogenate after combined treatment with cyclophosphamide (CP) and double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) preparation is effective at inhibition of growth of tumor challenged after the treatment. It was assumed that this inhibition might be due to activation of the antigen-presenting cells. The purpose was to develop improved antitumor strategy using mice.

Methods Three-month old CBA/Lac mice were used in the experiments. Mice were injected with CP and human dsDNA preparation. The percentage of mature dendritic cells (DCs) was estimated by staining of mononuclear cells isolated from spleen and bone marrow 3, 6, and 9 days later with monoclonal antibodies CD34, CD80, and CD86. In the next set of experiments, mice were given intramuscularly injections of 1-3 × 10 5 tumor cells. Four days later, they were injected intravenously with 6-6.7 mg/kg Dox and intraperitoneally with 100-200 mg/kg CP; 200 mkg human DNA was injected intraperitoneally after CP administration. Differences in tumor size between groups were analyzed for statistical significance by Student's t-test. The MTT-test was done to determine the cytotoxic index of mouse leucocytes from treated groups.

Results The conducted experiments showed that combined treatment with CP and dsDNA preparation produce an increase in the total amount of mature DCs in vivo . Treatment of tumor bearers with preparation of fragmented dsDNA on the background of pretreatment with Dox plus CP demonstrated a strong suppression of tumor growth in two models. RLS, a weakly immunogenic, resistant to alkalyting cytostatics tumor, grew 3.4-fold slower when compared with the control (p < 0.001). In experiment with Krebs-2 tumor, only 2 of the 10 mice in the Dox+CP+DNA group had a palpable tumor on day 16. The cytotoxic index of leucocytes was 86.5% in the Dox+CP+DNA group, but it was 0% in the Dox+CP group. Conclusions Thus, the set of experiments we performed showed that exogenous dsDNA, when administered on the background of pretreatment with Dox plus CP, has an antitumor effect possibly due to DC activation.
Field studies on the pre-operational period of a Belarusian NPP have allowed us to determine the "background" level of gamma-emitting radionuclides in individual components of the environment.

The results of measuring the dose rate at the NPP construction site are from 0.048 to 0.089 μSv/h. External radiation in the surveyed area is at 96% due to 40 K, 226 Ra and 232 Th. The radionuclides in the surface soil layer are: 40 K -from 530 to 700 Bq/kg; 226 Ra -from 30 to 55 Bq/kg; and 232 Th -from 17 to 35 Bq/kg; 137 Cs from 2 to 13 Bq/kg. The dose rate in the floodplain of the Viliya River from 0.033 to 0.082 μSv/h. The activity concentrations of the radionuclides in the surface soil layer of the floodplain of the Viliya River are: 40 K -from 390 to 690 Bq/kg; 226 Ra -from 33 to 50 Bq/kg; 232 Th -from 15 to 50 Bq/kg; 137 Cs -from 3 to 12 Bq/kg. The activity concentration of carbon-14 and tritium in the dominant vegetation species were determined to be: from 74.4 to 111.5 pMC and less than lower range limit, respectively.
The 2D HgTe quantum well is analyzed based on the assumption that the width fluctuations convert the system to a random mixture of domains with positive and negative energy gaps.

The qualitative consideration is based on the model of optical intraedge transitions in curved edge states together with the percolation arguments.

The borders between ordinary and topological insulator phases form a network of the edge states covering the overall sample. The optical transitions within the edge states yield the 2D absorption.
Multidisciplinary studies using geomorphological, geoarchaeological, and geochronological approaches indicate contrasting environmental changes in southeastern Altai beginning from the Late Pleistocene.

Twenty-eight new radiocarbon dates from the subaerial complex overlying Late Neopleistocene sediments in the high-altitude Kurai and Chuya basins confirm the degradation of a single ice-dammed reservoir in that area during the Early Holocene. In the first half of the Holocene, those basins were filled with isolated lakes. At the Baratal River mouth in the western Kurai basin, a reservoir with a water level of at least 1480 m a.s.l. emerged ca 10–6.5 ka BP, whereas in the Chuya depression, numerous residual lakes had existed at least 8 ka BP. Landslide- and moraine-dammed lakes between the depressions in the Chuya valley had existed until 7–3 ka BP, when they drained away.

The preservation state of in situ archaeological sites, their cultural affiliation, and their location within the depressions and along the main Chuya valley attest to spatial and temporal changes of the hydrological system. This evolution occurred in the second half of the Holocene and did not entail major consequences for humans.
Thin layers X-ray diffraction study technique utilizing single-crystal X-ray diffractometer equipped with microfocus X-ray tube is described.It is shown that the layers of the tetra-fluorinated cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPcF4), deposited by thermal evaporation in vacuum on a polished surface of the substrate (glass, quartz), have a highly oriented polycrystalline structure.All the crystallites have the (00l) plane oriented along the surface of the substrate.CoPcF4 X-ray diffraction pattern indexing was conducted and unit cell parameters were determined.It is shown that crystal phase of both polycrystalline powder and thin layers of CoPcF4 are isostructural to that of α-CoPc.
We deal with two independent random walks with subexponential distributions of their increments.We study the tail distributional asymptotics for the sum of their partial maxima within random time intervals.Assuming the distributions of the lengths of these intervals to be relatively small, with respect to that of the increments of the random walks, we show that the sum of the maxima takes a large value mostly due a large value of a single summand (this is the so-called "principle of a single big jump").
The variety of morphology and properties of natural diamonds reflects variations in the conditions of their formation in different mantle environments.

This study presents new data on the distribution of impurity centers in diamond type Ib-IaA from xenolith of bimineral eclogite from the Udachnaya kimberlite pipe.

The high content of non-aggregated nitrogen C defects in the studied diamonds indicates their formation shortly before the stage of transportation to the surface by the kimberlite melt. The observed sectorial heterogeneity of the distribution of C- and A-defects indicates that aggregation of nitrogen in the octahedral sectors occurs faster than in the cuboid sectors.
We study the sensitivity reach of the gamma-ray method for measurement of relatively strong cosmological magnetic field with strength in the 1-10 pG range using deep exposure of the nearest hard spectrum blazar Mrk 501 with CTA telescopes.

We show that the gamma-ray measurement technique can sense the primordial magnetic field with a strength of up to 10^{−11} G.

Combination of the cosmic microwave background and gamma-ray constraints can thus sense the full range of possible cosmological magnetic fields to confirm or rule out their relevance to the problem of the origin of cosmic magnetic fields, as well as their influence on recombination and reionization epochs.
A method of dynamic continuous-wave spectroscopy of coherent population trapping (CPT) resonances using phase modulation of the jump type is developed. The time evolution of the spectroscopic signal is investigated. A method for the formation of an error signal for frequency stabilization is proposed. We show that our approach has a reduced sensitivity to the lineshape asymmetry of the CPT resonance. The experimental results are in good qualitative agreement with theoretical predictions based on a mathematical model of a three-level $\Lambda$ system in a bichromatic field. This method can be used in atomic frequency standards (including chip-scale atomic clocks).
This paper is devoted to the study of methods for information extraction (entity recognition and relation classification) from scientific texts on information technology. Scientific publications provide valuable information into cutting-edge scientific advances, but efficient processing of increasing amounts of data is a time-consuming task. In this paper, several modifications of methods for the Russian language are proposed. It also includes the results of experiments comparing a keyword extraction method, vocabulary method, and some methods based on neural networks. Text collections for these tasks exist for the English language and are actively used by the scientific community, but at present, such datasets in Russian are not publicly available. In this paper, we present a corpus of scientific texts in Russian, RuSERRC. This dataset consists of 1600 unlabeled documents and 80 labeled with entities and semantic relations (6 relation types were considered). The dataset and models are available at https://github.com/iis-research-team. We hope they can be useful for research purposes and development of information extraction systems.
Let F be a quadratic APN function of n variables. The associated Boolean function. We summarize the known results and prove new ones regarding properties of Φ F and ϕ F .

For instance, we prove that degree of Φ F is either n or less or equal to n -2. Based on computation experiments, we formulate a conjecture that degree of any component function of Φ F is n -2.

We show that this conjecture is based on two other conjectures of independent interest.