Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Karyotypes of less than 10% of bird species are known. Using immunolocalization of the synaptonemal complex, the core structure of meiotic chromosomes at the pachytene stage, and centromere proteins we described male pachytene karyotypes of seventeen species of birds. This method enables higher resolution than the conventional analyses of metaphase chromosomes. We provided the first descriptions of the karyotypes of three species (Rook, Blyth’s reed warbler and European pied flycatcher), corrected the published data on the karyotypes of ten species and confirmed them for four species. All passerine species examined have highly conservative karyotypes, 2n=80-82 with seven pairs of macrochromosomes and 33-34 pairs of microchromosomes. In all of them but not in the Common cuckoo we revealed single copies of the germline restricted chromosomes varying in size and morphology even between closely related species. This indicates a fast evolution of this additional chromosome. The interspecies differences concern the sizes of the macrochromosomes, morphology of the microchromosomes and sizes of the centromeres. The pachytene cells of the Gouldian finch, Brambling and Common linnet contained heteromorphic synaptonemal complexes indicating heterozygosity for inversions or centromere shifts. The European pied flycatcher, Gouldian finch and Domestic canary have extended centromeres in several macro- and microchromosomes.
The cross section of the process e + e − → π + π − has been measured in the Spherical Neutral Detector (SND) experiment at the VEPP-2000 e + e − collider VEPP-2000 in the energy region 525 < √s < 883 MeV.

The measurement is based on data with an integrated luminosity of about 4.6 pb − 1. The systematic uncertainty of the cross section determination is 0.8% at √s > 0.600 GeV.

The ρ meson parameters are obtained as m ρ = 775.3 ± 0.5 ± 0.6 MeV, Γ ρ = 145.6 ± 0.6 ± 0.8 MeV, B ρ → e + e− × B ρ → π + π− = (4.89 ± 0.02 ± 0.04) × 10 − 5, and the parameters of the e + e − → ω → π + π − process, suppressed by G -parity, as B ω → e + e− × B ω → π + π− = (1.32 ± 0.06 ± 0.02) × 10 − 6 and and ϕ ρω = 110.7 ± 1.5 ± 1.0 degrees.
Significance A family of stable porous materials incorporating organic linkers and Cu(II) cations is reported. Their pores can be altered systematically by elongation of the ligands allowing a strategy of selective pore extension along one dimension. These materials show remarkable gas adsorption properties with high working capacities for CH 4 (0.24 g g −1 , 163 cm 3 cm −3 at 298 K, 5–65 bar) for the most porous system. The mechanism of rotation of the organic groups in the solid state has been analyzed by NMR spectroscopy and rotational rates and transition temperatures analyzed. Significantly, we show that framework dynamics can be controlled by ligand design only, and this paves the way to understanding the role of molecular rotors within these materials.
The d-group Kramers ions, having strong zero field splitting (ZFS) with axial symmetry and a negative D value for the ZFS Hamiltonian, are widely considered as candidates for use as single molecular magnets (SMMs). An important need is the means to switch the SMM between its states in a reasonably short and predictable period of time, which is generally not available. We propose an approach, Zeeman–far infrared (ZeFIR) double resonance, in which circularly polarized alternating magnetic fields in the far infrared (FIR) range induce selective magnetic dipole transitions between different Kramers doublets of the SMM and polarized microwave (mw) pulses transfer excitation inside the upper Kramers doublet. A combination of FIR and mw pulses allows unidirectional switching between +S and −S states of the ion. The proposed approach is considered for a model quartet system with total spin S = 3/2, which seems to be the most promising object for selective resonance manipulations of its states by circularly polarized radiation.
Industrial production disturbs the balance of an already delicate environment, and there is a negative impact on the microclimate in the area that is imposed due to cross-regional pollution. The essence of the problem is the movement of hazardous air pollutants throughout the atmosphere over the long distances, and the issue of government control over the air emissions acquires cross-regional significance. Additionally, particular attention should be paid to the question of payment for air emissions. Today, the economic instruments to reduce the negative environmental impact and to ensure compliance with the environmental regulations are only partially applied.

Therefore, the authors of the present paper suggest a method to define the rate of air emissions fee (currently there are no rates applied). Besides, it should be stressed that this method would allow for effective calculation of payments for harmful pollutant discharge into air.

The research outcomes can be used to further develop environmental regulations.
Isotope effects of ECRH plasma in LHD were investigated in detail. A clear difference of transport and turbulence characteristics in H and D plasmas was found in the core region, with normalized radius ρ < 0.8 in high collisionality regime. On the other hand, differences of transport and turbulence were relatively small in low collisionality regime.

Power balance analysis and neoclassical calculation showed a reduction of the anomalous contribution to electron and ion transport in D plasma compared with H plasma in the high collisionality regime. In core region, density modulation experiments also showed more reduced particle diffusion in D plasma than in H plasma, in the high collisionality regime. Ion scale turbulence was clearly reduced at ρ < 0.8 in high collisionality regime in D plasma compared with H plasma. The gyrokinetic linear analyses showed that the dominant instability ρ = 0.5 and 0.8 were ion temperature gradient mode (ITG).

The linear growth rate of ITG was reduced in D plasma than in H plasma in high collisionality regime. This is due to the lower normalized ITG and density gradient. More hollowed density profile in D plasma is likely to be the key control parameter. Present analyses suggest that anomalous process play a role to make hollower density profiles in D plasma rather than neoclassical process. Electron scale turbulence were also investigated from the measurements and linear gyrokinetic simulations.
We present the design, implementation and validation of the software procedure used to perform geometric calibration of the electromagnetic calorimeter with respect to the tracking system of the SND detector (BINP, Novosibirsk). This procedure is based on the mathematical model describing the relative calorimeter position by means of a set of parameters. The parameter values are determined by minimizing χ2 function using the difference between directions reconstructed in these two subdetectors for e+e− → e+e− data events.
Levulinic acid and its esters (e.g., ethyl levulinate, EL) are platform chemicals derived from biomass feedstocks that can be converted to a variety of valuable compounds. Reductive amination of levulinates with primary amines and H2 over heterogeneous catalysts is an attractive method for the synthesis of N-alkyl-5-methyl-2-pyrrolidones, which are an environmentally friendly alternative to the common solvent N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP).

In the present work, the catalytic properties of the different nickel phosphide catalysts supported on SiO2 and Al2O3 were studied in a reductive amination of EL with n-hexylamine to N-hexyl-5-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (HMP) in a flow reactor. The influence of the phosphorus precursor, reduction temperature, reactant ratio, and addition of acidic diluters on the catalyst performance was investigated.

The Ni2P/SiO2 catalyst prepared using (NH4)2HPO4 and reduced at 600 °C provides the highest HMP yield, which reaches 98%. Although the presence of acid sites and a sufficient hydrogenating ability are important factors determining the pyrrolidone yield, the selectivity also depends on the specific features of EL adsorption on active catalytic sites.
Insufficient study of the swirling flow structure, stability of high-temperature circulating zones, intensity of fuel and oxidizer mixture formation and other determining phenomena in the vortex furnaces indicates insufficiency of scientific substantiation of the methods for their calculation.

Therefore, further detailed studies of aerodynamics of a turbulent swirling flow in a vortex chamber with intersection of the main flow by the inlet tangential jets aimed at the development of promising combustion devices seem to be relevant.

The results of numerical simulation of the turbulent swirling flow aerodynamics with preference given to the modern models of turbulence and numerical schemes of high-order approximation are presented.
The brines occurring in Paleozoic and Proterozoic deposits have salinity (total dissolved solids) varying broadly: from 30.2 to 469.6 g/dm 3 for Na Cl, Na-Ca Cl, Ca-Na Cl, Ca-Mg Cl and Ca Cl types, among which the mixed types (Ca-Na Cl and Na-Ca Cl) are found prevailing.

The new data on the trap magmatism affecting the hydrogeochemistry of brines in southwestern Kureyka syncline in the west of the ancient Siberian platform are presented. The activity of intrusive trap magmatism in the contact zone (with a strike length of up to 400 m) facilitated the disintegration of organic compounds in the free and water-dissolved form (CH 4 , C 2 H 6 , C 3 H 8 , iC 4 H 10 , nC 4 H 10 , iC 5 H 12 , nC 5 H 12 , C 6 H 14 , I, B, NH 4 ).

The reaction of the intruding traps brines interaction significantly affected the initial composition of brines, showing a shift towards their saturation with iron, aluminum, silica and other components and thus bearing the evidence of possible salt-induced metal extraction from magmatic melts into an ore-bearing fluid.
Numerical simulations of beam-plasma instabilities may produce quantitatively incorrect results because of unrealistically high initial noise from which the instabilities develop. Of particular importance is the wakefield noise, the potential perturbations that have a phase velocity which is equal to the beam velocity. Controlling the noise level in simulations may offer the possibility of extrapolating simulation results to the more realistic low-noise case. We propose a novel method for generating wakefield noise with a controllable amplitude by randomly located charged rods propagating ahead of the beam. We also illustrate the method with particle-in-cell simulations. The generation of this noise is not accompanied by parasitic Cherenkov radiation waves.
A measurement of the $CP$ asymmetry in ${B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ decays is presented using $pp$ collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $1.0\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, recorded by the LHCb experiment during 2011 at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV.

The measurement is performed in seven bins of ${\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ invariant mass squared in the range $0.05<{q}^{2}<22.00\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{GeV}}^{2}/{c}^{4}$, excluding the $J/\ensuremath{\psi}$ and $\ensuremath{\psi}(2S)$ resonance regions. Production and detection asymmetries are corrected for using the ${B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}J/\ensuremath{\psi}{K}^{+}$ decay as a control mode.

Averaged over all the bins, the $CP$ asymmetry is found to be ${\mathcal{A}}_{CP}=0.000\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.033\text{ }(\mathrm{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.005\text{ }(\mathrm{syst})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.007$ ($J/\ensuremath{\psi}K$), where the third uncertainty is due to the $CP$ asymmetry of the control mode. This is consistent with the standard model prediction.
A search for the decays Bs -> mu+ mu- and B0 -> mu+ mu- is performed with 0.37 fb^-1 of pp collisions at sqrt{s} = 7 TeV collected by the LHCb experiment in 2011. The upper limits on the branching fractions are BR (Bs -> mu+ mu-) mu+ mu-) mu+ mu-) mu+ mu-) < 3.2 x 10^-9 at 95% confidence level.
The model was constructed based on the formation geotectonics of the Karabash massif, features of spatial distribution of metasomatically altered rocks in their central part, geochemical characteristics and mineral composition of altered ultramafic rocks, data on the pressure and temperature conditions of formation, and composition of the ore-forming fluids.

We present a physicochemical model for the formation of magnetite-chlorite-carbonate rocks with copper gold in the Karabash ultramafic massif in the Southern Urals, Russia. Magnetite-chlorite-carbonate rocks were formed by the hydrothermal filling of the free space, whereas chloritolites were formed by the metasomatism of the serpentinites. As the source of the petrogenic and ore components, we considered rocks (serpentinites, gabbro, and limestones), deep magmatogenic fluids, probably mixed with metamorphogenic fluids released during dehydration and deserpentinization of rocks in the lower crust, and meteoric waters.

The model supports the involvement of sodium chloride-carbon dioxide fluids extracting ore components (Au, Ag, and Cu) from deep-seated rocks and characterized by the ratio of ore elements corresponding to Clarke values in ultramafic rocks. The model calculations show that copper gold can also be deposited during serpentinization of deep-seated olivine-rich rocks and ore fluids raised by the tectonic flow to a higher hypsometric level. The results of our research allow predicting copper gold-rich ore occurrences in ultramafic massifs.
Bombus cullumanus s. str . has attracted some of the greatest conservation concerns among bumblebees in Europe because it might now be extinct. However, there has been long-standing disagreement about whether it is conspecific with other eastern pale-banded bumblebees. We investigate these relationships using new data from DNA (COI) barcodes. The results support a Nearctic rufocinctus -group ( Bombus rufocinctus ) and a Palaearctic cullumanus -group, the latter with just three species: Bombus semenoviellus, Bombus unicus and B. cullumanus s. l . (including several differently coloured taxa). We conclude that, although any persisting B. cullumanus cullumanus s. str . might be a regional conservation priority within Europe, nevertheless, because the species remains common elsewhere within its range in Asia, globally a higher conservation priority should be given to B. unicus , which is genetically more distinct and appears to have a much smaller population in the Russian Far East.
Herein, two new octahedral molybdenum cyanide cluster compounds, namely [{Ni(NH3)6}4{Ni2(NH3)8}1][Mo6Br6Q2(CN)6]3·12H2O, Q = S (1) and Se (2), have been synthesized as single crystals by slow diffusion of a solution of nickel chloride into aqueous ammonia solutions of a K2Cs2[Mo6Br6Q2(CN)6] molybdenum cyanide cluster-based compound.

Both 1 and 2 were structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. They are isostructural and crystallize in the cubic system (Im3[combining macron]m (no. 229); Z = 2, a = 18.147(1) Å, and V = 5976(1) Å3 and a = 18.188(2) Å and V = 6016(2) Å3 for 1 and 2, respectively). 1 and 2 are based on the association of [Mo6Bri6Qi2(CN)a6]4- (Q = S, Se) cluster anions with Ni2+ dimer-based cubic [Ni2(NH3)8]4+ and octahedral [Ni(NH3)6]2+ cations. The structure is based on 2-fold interpenetrated [{Ni(NH3)6}4{Ni2(NH3)8}1][Mo6Br6Q2(CN)6]3 frameworks related to each other by [½, ½, ½] translation. The unit cell is based on a body-centered cubic framework of cubic [Ni2(NH3)8]4+. The [Mo6Bri6Qi2(CN)a6]4- (Q = S, Se) cluster units are located in the middle of the edges and at the center of the faces of the cell. The [{Ni(NH3)6}]2+ cations are located at the center of the cubes of the a/2 edge. The dimers [Ni2(NH3)8]4+ are stabilized by hydrogen bonds between the cyanide ligands of the cluster unit and the hydrogen atoms of the ammonia molecules.

Both compounds exhibit a weak antiferromagnetic coupling within the [Ni2(NH3)8]4+ dimer entities at low temperatures together with a paramagnetic behavior originating from the cations of the octahedral [{Ni(NH3)6}]2+ complexes.
This paper reports on the excitation of atomic spectra of tap water vapor using an inductive discharge. It is shown that at a RF source frequency of 27 MHz and a plasma power output from 500 to 600 W, a steady discharge exists to pressures of 10-2 atm. Plasma temperature was determined by the Boltzmann plot method and was approximately 5500 K. At this temperature, it was possible to detect sodium ions dissolved in water. This suggests that an inductive discharge in water vapor can be used to determine the presence of impurities.
Cellularization of the Drosophila embryo is an unusually synchronous form of cytokinesis in which polarized membrane extension proceeds in part through incorporation of new membrane via fusion of apically-translocated Golgi-derived vesicles.

We describe here involvement of the signaling enzyme Phospholipase D (Pld) in regulation of this developmental step. Functional analysis using gene targeting revealed that cellularization is hindered by the loss of Pld, resulting frequently in early embryonic developmental arrest. Mechanistically, chronic Pld deficiency causes abnormal Golgi structure and secretory vesicle trafficking.

Our results suggest that Pld functions to promote trafficking of Golgi-derived fusion-competent vesicles during cellularization.
Due to strong sextupole corrections, the vertical dynamic aperture of a low-emittance storage ring is rather small. Therefore, in-vacuum short-period undulators can provide a sufficiently high field. In particular, a significant electrostatic field value can be obtained near electrodes. To eliminate the field emission, the high-field surfaces should be at a positive electric potential. In this paper, we consider the feasibility of an undulator using a comb of such electrodes. It is worth noting that a variable-period design may be rather simple for electrostatic undulators.
The article reports the main provisions of the concept and solutions for creating the digital platform in the field of bioinformatics and the formation of the thematically oriented and industrial digital ecosystems on its basis. The composition and structure of the digital platform are discussed: information repositories, data and knowledge bases, thematically oriented software repository, task-oriented services for various target groups of users. Within the framework of the platform, it is also planned to organize a system of high-quality access to specialized data centres and high-performance computing infrastructure. Particular attention is devoted to one of the components of such platform - the project office for bioresource collections management. The project office has registered such types of collections as animal collections: wild and laboratory animals, live breeding, museum zoological animal collections, farm animals; plant collections: herbarium funds of plants biological diversity, living collections of natural flora, agricultural plants. Collection types such as collections of human biomaterials, cell culture collections, microorganism collections are important for medical research.
The dataset contains results of genome-wide association study of human blood plasma glycome. The 113 files contain association summary statistics for 113 glycome traits, of which 36 were directly measured by UPLC technology and 77 were derived glycome traits.

This research has been conducted using the UK Biobank Resource and the use of the data is guided by the principles formulated by the UK Biobank. Column headers: SNP: SNP rsID CHR: chromosome POS: position (GRCh37 build) OTHER_ALLELE: reference allele (coded as "0") EFFECT_ALLELE: effective allele (coded as "1") EAF: effective allele frequency N: sample size BETA: effect size of effective allele SE: standard error of effect size PVAL: P-value of association (without GC correction) IMPUTATION: imputation quality

Defining the genetic control of human blood plasma N-glycome using genome-wide association study. This dataset is also available for graphical exploration in the genomic context at http://gwasarchive.org.
We demonstrate the feasibility of microscale molecular imaging using hyperpolarized proton and carbon-13 MRI contrast media and low-field (47.5 mT) preclinical scale (38 mm i.d.) 2D magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Hyperpolarized proton images with 94 × 94 μm2 spatial resolution and hyperpolarized carbon-13 images with 250 × 250 μm2 in-plane spatial resolution were recorded in 4–8 s (largely limited by the electronics response), surpassing the in-plane spatial resolution (i.e., pixel size) achievable with micro-positron emission tomography (PET). These hyperpolarized proton and 13C images were recorded using large imaging matrices of up to 256 × 256 pixels and relatively large fields of view of up to 6.4 × 6.4 cm2. 13C images were recorded using hyperpolarized 1-13C-succinate-d2 (30 mM in water, %P13C = 25.8 ± 5.1% (when produced) and %P13C = 14.2 ± 0.7% (when imaged), T1 = 74 ± 3 s), and proton images were recorded using 1H hyperpolarized pyridine (100 mM in methanol-d4, %PH = 0.1 ± 0.02% (when imaged), T1 = 11 ± 0.1 s). Both contrast agents were hyperpolarized using parahydrogen (>90% para-fraction) in an automated 5.75 mT parahydrogen induced polarization (PHIP) hyperpolarizer. A magnetized path was demonstrated for successful transportation of a 13C hyperpolarized contrast agent (1-13C-succinate-d2, sensitive to fast depolarization when at the Earth's magnetic field) from the PHIP polarizer to the 47.5 mT low-field MRI. While future polarizing and low-field MRI hardware and imaging sequence developments can further improve the low-field detection sensitivity, the current results demonstrate that microscale molecular imaging in vivo is already feasible at low (<50 mT) fields and potentially at low (∼1 mM) metabolite concentrations.
Resent experimental and theoretical studies suggested preferential stability of Fe 3 C over Fe 7 C 3 at the condition of the Earth's inner core. Previous studies showed that Fe 3 C remains in an orthorhombic structure with the space group Pnma to 250 GPa, but it undergoes ferromagnetic (FM) to paramagnetic (PM) and PM to nonmagnetic (NM) phase transitions at 6–8 and 55–60 GPa, respectively. These transitions cause uncertainties in the calculation of the thermoelastic and thermodynamic parameters of Fe 3 C at core conditions. In this work we determined P‐V‐T equation of state of Fe 3 C using the multianvil technique and synchrotron radiation at pressures up to 31 GPa and temperatures up to 1473 K. A fit of our P‐V‐T data to a Mie‐Gruneisen‐Debye equation of state produce the following thermoelastic parameters for the PM‐phase of Fe 3 C: V 0 = 154.6 (1) Å 3 , K T 0 = 192 (3) GPa, K T ′ = 4.5 (1), γ 0 = 2.09 (4), θ 0 = 490 (120) К, and q = −0.1 (3). Optimization of the P‐V‐T data for the PM phase along with existing reference data for thermal expansion and heat capacity using a Kunc‐Einstein equation of state yielded the following parameters: V 0 = 2.327 cm 3 /mol (154.56 Å 3 ), K T 0 = 190.8 GPa, K T ′ = 4.68, Θ E10 = 305 K (which corresponds to θ 0 = 407 K), γ 0 = 2.10, e 0 = 9.2 × 10 −5 K −1 , m = 4.3, and g = 0.66 with fixed parameters m E 1 = 3 n = 12, γ ∞ = 0, β = 0.3, and a 0 = 0. This formulation allows for calculations of any thermodynamic functions of Fe 3 C versus T and V or versus T and P . Assuming carbon as the sole light element in the inner core, extrapolation of our equation of state of the NM phase of Fe 3 C suggests that 3.3 ± 0.9 wt % С at 5000 К and 2.3 ± 0.8 wt % С at 7000 К matches the density at the inner core boundary.