Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Formic acid is a valuable chemical derived from biomass, as it has a high hydrogen-storage capacity and appears to be an attractive source of hydrogen for various applications. Hydrogen production via formic acid decomposition is often based on using supported catalysts with Pt-group metal nanoparticles.

In the present paper, we show that the decomposition of the acid proceeds more rapidly on single metal atoms (by up to 1 order of magnitude). These atoms can be obtained by rather simple means through anchoring Pt-group metals onto mesoporous N-functionalized carbon nanofibers. A thorough evaluation of the structure of the active site by aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (ac-STEM) in high-angle annular dark field (HAADF) mode and by CO chemisorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and quantum-chemical calculations reveals that the metal atom is coordinated by a pair of pyridinic nitrogen atoms at the edge of graphene sheets.

The chelate binding provides an ionic/electron-deficient state of these atoms that prevents their aggregation and thereby leads to an excellent stability under the reaction conditions. Catalysts with single atoms have also shown very high selectivity. Evidently, the findings can be extended to hydrogen production from other chemicals and can be helpful for improving other energy-related and environmentally benign catalytic processes.
The article investigates the free electricity market via agent-based modeling. The aim is to create a simple and quite plausible simulation model of the market, where suppliers and buyers, participating in the bilateral auction, learn to submit the most profitable bids. Whereas this kind of simulation models has been developed for the EU and USA markets by foreign researchers, for the Russian market they have not been made yet. The suggested theoretical agent-based model of interaction in the day-ahead market uses Erev and Roth learning algorithm and allows us to calculate and analyze equilibrium price, volume, social welfare and its distribution between buyers and sellers of electricity. The modeling demonstrates that it is possible to lower prices and redistribute social welfare in favor of buyers, provided that the learning agents can submit any bids.
The goal of this study is to develop algorithms and programs to compute wave travel times and directions at the nodes of a given 3D grid. We consider a velocity model that can be described analytically or presented by defining velocity values at the nodes of a 3D regular point grid. In the latter case, the velocity model is smoothed by a spatial low-pass filtering.An algorithm of 3D shooting is developed. The algorithm can be used in case of a point source and more generally for an initial wave front position defined as a parametric surface Φ(θ, φ). In the latter case, the initial points of rays on this surface are not known beforehand. In the case of a source point, the ray direction is determined by the variables θ, φ.We consider equations for partial derivatives with respect to the variables θ, φ together with the differential ray system. The entire system is solved by a fifth-order Runge-Kutta method with step-size and precision control. With known derivatives at ray points we can use Newton's iterative method, which guarantees quadratic convergence. Moreover, with these derivatives we can calculate geometrical spreading and thus the amplitudes.Different types of velocity structures such as homogeneous, gradient, etc. and different types of surface Φ(θ, φ) are considered. The results of numerical experiments are presented.
Trinucleotide repeat expansion diseases such as fragile X syndrome are of great interest to study since the mechanism of its development is still unknown.

IPS cell lines are some of the most convenient models for studying. The ICGi032-A iPS cell line was obtained from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of the patient affected with fragile X syndrome.

ICGi032-A iPS cell line have a normal karyotype, expression of pluripotency markers and can differentiate in vitro into the cells of three germ layers.
The aim of the study was to determine the impact of stress on work on the risk of cardiovascular disease over a 16-year period in an open population of 25-64 years in Russia/Siberia. Materials and methods. A random representative sample of the population of both sexes of 25-64 years old in Novosibirsk in 1994 (men: n=657, 44.3±0.4 years, response - 82.1%, women: n=689, 45.4±0.4 years, response - 72.5%). The screening survey program included: registration of socio-demographic data, determination of stress at work (Karazek scale). The period of prospective follow-up of participants was 16 years. The study identified the following "end points": the first cases of myocardial infarction (MI), stroke. Results. A high level of stress at work was in 29.5% of men and 31.6% of women, the average level in 48.9% of men and 50.7% of women (χ2=2.574, υ=2, p=0.276). The risk of developing MI for a 16-year period, among people experiencing stressful situations at work, was: in men, HR=3.592, and women HR=3.218 (95% CI 1.146-9.042); stroke risk - among men, HR=2.603 (95% CI 1.06-4.153) in women HR=1.956 (95% CI 1.008-3.795). In multivariate analysis, in men with stress at work, the risk of MI among men was HR=1.15 (95% CI 0.6-2.2), among women - HR=2.543 (95% CI 1.88-7.351); risk of stroke, was in men, HR=3.8 (95% CI 1.6-8.8), in women - HR=1.95 (95% CI 0.984-3.887). The risk of stroke was higher among single, divorced and widowed men, HR=4.2 (95% CI 1.5-13.2), and in women with secondary or primary education, HR=3 (95% CI 0.852-11.039). Conclusion. It was established that a high level of stress at work is not gender-specific; the risk of developing MI over a 16-year period is higher in women than in men, stroke in men; the risk of myocardial infarction and stroke in both sexes is affected by the social gradient.
Testis growth during early life is important for future male fertility and shows acceleration during the first months of life in humans. This acceleration coincides with the peak in gonadotropic hormones in the blood, while the role of hypothalamic factors remains vague.

Using neonatal rats to assess this issue, we found that day 9 of life is likely critical for testis development in rats. Before this day, testicular growth was proportional to body weight gain, but after that the testes showed accelerated growth. Hypothalamic kisspeptin and its receptor mRNA levels begin to elevate 2 days later, at day 11. A significant increase in the mRNA levels for gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptors in the hypothalamus between days 5 and 7 was followed by a 3-fold decrease in GnRH mRNA levels in this brain region during the next 2 days. Starting from day 9, hypothalamic GnRH mRNA levels increased significantly and positively correlated with accelerated testicular growth. Triptorelin, an agonist of GnRH, at a dose that had no effect on testicular growth during "proportional" period, increased testis weights during the period of accelerated growth. The insensitivity of testicular growth to GnRH during "proportional" period was supported by inability of a 2.5-fold siRNA knockdown of GnRH expression in the hypothalamus of the 7-day-old animals to produce any effect on their testis weights. GnRH receptor blockade with cetrorelix was also without effect on testis weights during "proportional" period but the same doses of this GnRH antagonist significantly inhibited "accelerated" testicular growth. GnRH receptor mRNA levels in the pituitary as well as plasma LH concentrations were higher during "accelerated" period of testicular growth than during "proportional" period.

In general, our data defined two distinct periods in rat testicular development that are primarily characterized by different responses to GnRH signaling.
Basic problems of acousto-optic interaction in terahertz region of electromagnetic spectrum are considered.We obtained experimental results that are tted by generalized theoretical model developed with the goals to describe the interaction in detail.Our analysis showed that crystalline germanium is one of the best materials to observe the acousto-optic interaction in the terahertz range.The carried out study proved that a germanium based acousto-optic device could be used for fast and reliable deection of monochromatic radiation in the terahertz spectral region.
A single-color pump-probe system has been commissioned at the Novosibirsk free electron laser.The laser emits a tunable monochromatic terahertz radiation.To prove the proper system operation, we investigated the time-resolved absorption of a sample of n-type germanium doped with antimony, which was previously investigated at the FELBE facility, in the temperature range from 5 to 40 K.The measured relaxation time amounted to about 1.7 ns, which agreed with the results obtained at the FELBE.The results of pump-probe measurements of non-equilibrium dynamics of hot electrons in the germanium crystal at cryogenic temperatures are presented for wavelengths of 105, 141 and 150 μm.
The equations considered in this article have the form in which the time derivative of the unknown function is expressed as a double integral over the space variables of a weighted quadratic expression of the sought function. The domain of integration is unbounded and does not depend on time but depends on the space variable. We study the Cauchy problem in the function classes accompanying the equation with initial data on the positive half-line. In application to this problem, the convergence of the successive approximation method is justified. An estimate is given of the quality of the approximation depending on the number of the iterated solution. It is proved that, on some finite time interval, the posed Cauchy problem has at most one solution in the accompanying function class. An existence theorem is proved in the same class.
A temporal variation of a spectrum of excited modes in a continuously pumped erbium-doped random fiber laser (RFL) based on randomly distributed Bragg gratings is studied.

The developed phenomenological theoretical model assumes a hard excitation mechanism of the eigenmodes' instability.

The model qualitatively explains peculiarities of the spectrum variation observed experimentally.
The transverse two stream instability that transforms the long bunch into a train of micro-bunches is less sensitive to density inhomogeneity than are the accelerated particles.

Effects of plasma inhomogeneity on self-modulating proton bunches and accelerated electrons were studied numerically.

The main effect is the change of the wakefield wavelength which results in phase shifts and loss of accelerated particles. This effect imposes severe constraints on density uniformity in plasma wakefield accelerators driven by long particle bunches. The bunch freely passes through increased density regions and interacts with reduced density regions.
Au catalysts with the same particle sizes demonstrate the following order of activity in formic acid decomposition

Au/Al2O3 > Au/ZrO2 ∼ Au/CeO2 > Au/La2O3 > Au/MgO
The molecular dynamics study of the rearrangement of the dynamic hydrogen bond network of liquid water to the crystal hydrogen bond network of methane hydrate in the process of their formation and growth is conducted.

To reveal the nature of nucleation, the time dependences of the degree of 'crystallinity' of the nearest environment of all water molecules, the rate of ordering of the hydrogen bond network, and the relation of these parameters to the rate of growth of methane hydrate are studied. The effect of the presence of sea salt ions and hydrate seed on these parameters is analyzed. Systems with a completely mixed gas, i.e., with the minimum induction time, are fabricated,

and it is shown that gas hydrates can be nucleated simultaneously in the entire volume of the solution, which in turn indicates the collective formation of hydrates from liquid solution.
We present a new measurement of the unitarity triangle angle phi3 using a Dalitz plot analysis of the KsPi+Pi- decay of the neutral D meson produced in B->D(*)K decays.

The method exploits the interference between D0 and D0bar to extract the angle phi3, strong phase delta and the ratio r of suppressed and allowed amplitudes. We apply this method to a 605 fb-1 data sample collected by the Belle experiment. The analysis uses three decays: B->DK, and B->D*K with D*->DPi0 and D*->Dgamma, as well as the corresponding charge-conjugate modes. From a combined maximum likelihood fit to the three modes

we obtain phi3 = 78.4^+10.8_-11.6 +- 3.6 (syst) +- 8.9 (model) degrees. CP conservation in this process is ruled out at the confidence level (1-CL)=5x10^-4, or 3.5 standard deviations.
Viroids belong to a very interesting class of molecules attracting researchers in phytopathology and molecular evolution. Here we review recent literature data concerning the genetics of Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) and the mechanisms related to its pathological effect on the host plants.

PSTVd can be transmitted vertically through microspores and macrospores, but not with pollen from another infected plant. The 359 nucleotidelong genomic RNA of PSTVd is highly structured and its 3D-conformation is responsible for interaction with host cellular factors to mediate replication, transport between tissues during systemic infection and the severity of pathological symptoms. RNA replication is prone to errors and infected plants contain a population of mutated forms of the PSTVd genome. Interestingly, at 7 DAI, only 25 % of the newly synthesized RNAs were identical to the master copy, but this proportion increased to up to 70 % at 14 DAI and remained the same afterwards. PSTVd infection induces the immune response in host plants. There are PSTVd strains with a severe, a moderate or a mild pathological effect.

Interestingly, viroid replication itself does not necessarily induce strong morphological or physiological symptoms. In the case of PSTVd, disease symptoms may occur due to RNA-interference, which decreases the expression levels of some important cellular regulatory factors, such as, for example, potato StTCP23 from the gibberellic acid pathway with a role in tuber morphogenesis or tomato FRIGIDA-like protein 3 with an early flowering phenotype. This association between the small segments of viroid genomic RNAs complementary to the untranslated regions of cellular mRNAs and disease symptoms provides a way for new resistant cultivars to be developed by genetic editing. To conclude, viroids provide a unique model to reveal the fundamental features of living systems, which appeared early in evolution and still remain undiscovered.
Decomposition of seismic data into wave‐packet representations has been successfully used for 2D data compression, interpolation and de‐noising.

In this paper we present a fast implementation of a 3D wave‐packet decomposition using graphical processing units (GPUs). We discuss parallel implementation of the wave‐packet transform on GPUs as opposed to existing algorithms (sequential and MPI‐parallel). A few computational steps had to be modified adapting them for a GPU platform.

The code has been tested on a 3D data set of size 2563, where we obtain speedup of about 40 times compared to the sequential code performance.
the question of lifting automorphisms of a compact Riemann surface to a normal covering, treated, for instance, by E. Bujalance and M. Conder in a joint paper, or by P. Turbek solely

we obtain algebraic equations for all genus 2 compact Riemann surfaces that admit a semi-regular (or uniform) covering of the Riemann sphere with more than two lifting symmetries. By a lifting symmetry, we mean an automorphism of the target surface which can be lifted to the covering. We restrict ourselves to the genus 2 surfaces in order to make computations easier and to make possible to find their algebraic equations as well

the main ingredient (Main Proposition) depends neither on the genus, nor on the order of the group of lifting symmetries. Because of this, the paper can be thought as a generalisation for the non-normal case
The ligand exchange in (n-Bu4N)2OsIVCl6 (n-Bu4N = tetra-n-butylammonium) leads to the formation of the osmium(IV) heptacyanide, the first fully inorganic homoleptic complex of heptacoordinated osmium.

The single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD) study reveals the pentagonal bipyramidal molecular structure of the [Os(CN)7]3− anion.

The latter being a diamagnetic analogue of the highly anisotropic paramagnetic synthon, [ReIV(CN)7]3− can be used for the synthesis of the model heterometallic coordination compounds for the detailed study and simulation of the magnetic properties of the low-dimensional molecular nanomagnets involving 5d metal heptacyanides.
Although a rich record of Pleistocene human-associated archaeological assemblages exists, the scarcity of hominin fossils often impedes the understanding of which hominins occupied a site.

Using targeted enrichment of mitochondrial DNA, we show that cave sediments represent a rich source of ancient mammalian DNA that often includes traces of hominin DNA, even at sites and in layers where no hominin remains have been discovered. By automation-assisted screening of numerous sediment samples, we detected Neandertal DNA in eight archaeological layers from four caves in Eurasia.

In Denisova Cave, we retrieved Denisovan DNA in a Middle Pleistocene layer near the bottom of the stratigraphy. Our work opens the possibility of detecting the presence of hominin groups at sites and in areas where no skeletal remains are found.
The spotted hyena ( Crocuta crocuta ), one of the largest terrestrial predators native to sub-Saharan Africa, is well known for its matriarchal social system and large-sized social group in which larger females dominate smaller males. Spotted hyenas are highly adaptable predators as they both actively hunt prey and scavenge kills by other predators, and possess an enhanced hypercarnivorous dentition that allows them to crack open bones and thereby feed on nearly all parts of a carcass. Here, we present a high-quality genome assembly of C. crocuta that was generated using a hybrid assembly strategy with Illumina multi-size libraries. A genome of about 2.3 Gb was generated with a scaffold N50 length of 7.2 Mb. More than 35.28% genome region was identified as repetitive elements, and 22,747 protein-coding genes were identified in the genome, with 97.45% of these annotated by databases. This high-quality genome will provide an opportunity to gain insight into the evolution of social behavior and social cognition in mammals, as well as for population genetics and metagenomics studies.
Two series of Pt/γ‐Al 2 O 3 catalysts for low temperature NH 3 oxidation were prepared using Pt(NO 3 ) 4 and H 2 PtCl 6 precursors. Using both precursors results in the formation of small Pt particles (d<1.5 nm), however, Cl‐containing Pt precursors give a higher fraction of highly dispersed Pt species. Such species show high stability against thermal or H 2 treatment probably due to the presence of a substantial amount of chlorine on the surface.

Treatment of the samples prepared from Pt(NO 3 ) 4 with H 2 leads to the formation of metallic Pt nanoparticles accompanied by the improvement of catalytic activity in NH 3 oxidation at T<200 °C. Operando XANES/EXAFS revealed that even after H 2 pretreatment at least 40 % of Pt surface remains in oxidized state under reaction conditions.

The main products of ammonia oxidation at temperatures below 250 °C were molecular nitrogen and nitrous oxide with the N 2 selectivity reaching 80 %. resulting in the appearance of N 2 O as a by‐product.
Results of the study of species diversity of myxomycetes in North-Eastern Russia are presented.

Moist chamber cultures were prepared with samples of leaf litter from Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and Magadan oblast and with samples of bark from two sample plots in the vicinity of Yakutsk and Neryungri.

A total of 49 species in 23 genera, 9 families, and 5 orders were recorded during the study.
The source of instabilities in the multidisk diode-pumped high power Yb:YAG laser amplifier with cryogenic closed-loop cooling in the laser amplification channel of the high-intensity laser system with 1 kHz repetition rate was determined. Dissected copper mounts were designed and used to suppress instabilities and to achieve repeatability of the system. The equilibrium temperature dependency of the active elements on average power was measured. The seed laser for the multidisk amplifier was numerically simulated and designed to allow one to increase pulses output energy after the amplifier up to 500 mJ.
We consider a conflict-free minimum latency data aggregation problem that occurs in different wireless networks. Given a network that is presented as an undirected graph with one selected vertex (a sink), the goal is to find a spanning aggregation tree rooted in the sink and to define a conflict-free aggregation minimum length schedule along the arcs of the tree directed to the sink. Herewith, at the same time slot, each element of the network can either send or receive at most one message. Only one message should be sent by each network element during the whole aggregation session, and the conflicts caused by signal interference should be excluded. This problem is NP-hard and remains NP-hard even in the case when the aggregation tree is given. Therefore, the development of efficient approximation algorithms is very important for this problem.

In this paper, we present new heuristic algorithms based on genetic local search and variable neighbourhood search metaheuristics.

We conducted an extensive simulation that demonstrates the superiority of our algorithms compared with the best of the previous approaches.
To date biomedicine and pharmacology have required generating new and more consummate models. One of the most perspective trends in this field is using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).

iPSC application requires careful high-throughput analysis at the molecular, epigenetic, and functional levels. The methods used have revealed that the expression pattern of genes and microRNA, DNA methylation, as well as the set and pattern of covalent histone modifications in iPSCs, are very similar to those in embryonic stem cells.

Nevertheless, iPSCs have been shown to possess some specific features that can be acquired during the reprogramming process or are remnants of epigenomes and transcriptomes of the donor tissue. These residual signatures of epigenomes and transcriptomes of the somatic tissue of origin were termed 'epigenetic memory.' In this review, we discuss the 'epigenetic memory' phenomenon in the context of the reprogramming process, its influence on iPSC properties, and the possibilities of its application in cell technologies.
Exclusive J/ψ and ψ(2S) vector meson production has been observed in the dimuon channel using the LHCb detector.

The cross-section times branching fractions to two muons with pseudorapidities between 2.0 and 4.5 are measured