Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Introduction. Metastatic spinal lesion remains one of the most difficult problems of modern medicine. The purpose of treatment of patients with metastatic spinal lesion is to reduce pain, improve the quality of life, restore stability in the affected segment, prevent or reduce neurological deficits. In order to build the right treatment tactics, it is necessary to evaluate the prognosis of the life of a patient with spinal metastases before treatment. The study objective is to evaluate the prognostic significance of the Tokuhashi scale in patients with metastatic spinal lesion. Materials and methods. The study included 124 patients with metastatic spinal lesion operated in the spinal department in the period from March 2013 to July 2019 (64 (52 %) men and 60 (48%) women). The average age was 59 years and ranged from 18 to 78 years. The catamnesis ranged from 1 month to 6 years. 6 (5 %) spinal tumors were radically removed, palliative removal was performed in 77 (62 %) cases. In the remaining cases, 41 (33 %) underwent vertebroplasty. The mandatory diagnostic protocol of the preoperative examination included oncological status, clinical and neurological examination. The functional status of the patient was assessed on the Karnofski scale, life expectancy – on the Tokuhashi scale. In terms of preoperative examination, patients underwent computed tomography examination with intravenous contrast of three zones: the thoracic, abdominal cavities and pelvic region to determine the degree of dissemination of the process and, in some cases, to identify the primary focus. Currently, positron emission tomography is the optimal method of investigation at the preoperative stage. However, this method is not yet available in all clinics, so performing computed tomography scans of three zones is currently the optimal “gold standard” for examining this category of patients.. Results. The life expectancy estimate was calculated for each patient according to the Tokuhashi scale (2005). Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier curves within the Tokuhashi prognostic groups. The median survival within the Tokuhashi groups was more than 3 years for the group of 12–15 points (life expectancy over a year), 14 months for the group of 9–11 points (life expectancy 6 to 12 months) and 7 months for the group of 1–8 points (life expectancy less than 6 months). The Cox model was used to identify factors related to survival. Conclusion. Determining the tactics of surgical treatment of a patient with a metastatic lesion of the spine is a complex and multicomponent question to which there is no unambiguous answer. A multidisciplinary consultation is currently the most adequate and reliable way to determine the treatment strategy for this category of patients. The use of the Tokuhashi prognostic scale is an additional effective tool for determining the life expectancy of patients with spinal metastases, and thus, in some cases, serve as the tool with which it is possible to determine the tactics of surgical treatment of patients.
The review gives a brief description of tomato, one of the main objects of olericulture for Siberia. The data on the main directions in the breeding of this culture, such as resistance to various pathogens, the nutritional properties of fruits, the timing of their maturation and storage are generalized.

A separate chapter is devoted to the use of various types of DNA markers for constructing detailed genetic maps of the specified object, which, along with full-genome sequencing data, can be used to screen for genes responsible for breeding traits. Most of these traits, especially specific resistance to one or another pathogen, were transferred to the cultivated tomato by crossing with wild species, therefore, special attention was paid in the article to identifying and marking resistance genes to a variety of viral, fungal and bacterial pathogens occurring in Western Siberia and adjacent areas. Recently, due to modern technologies of sequencing, SNP-genotyping, the development of new bioinformatic approaches, it has become possible to establish genetic cascades determining the biochemical composition of tomato fruits, to identify key genes that can be used in the future for marker-associated selection of nutritional value.

And, finally, genetic works devoted to the problem of the optimal dates of fruit ripening in certain climatic conditions and their prolonged storage without loss of quality are discussed.
Identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and candidate genes that affect growth intensity is a prerequisite for the marker-assisted selection of economically important traits. The number of QTL studies on sheep is relatively small in comparison to those on cattle and pigs. The current QTL sheep database - Sheep QTLdb - contains information on 1658 QTLs for 225 different traits. A few genes and markers associated with growth, carcass and meat productivity traits have been reported. The information about QTLs from the Sheep QTLdb cannot be directly used in marker-assisted selection due to the lack of essential information such as effective and reference alleles, the effect direction etc., and it requires manual curation and validation.

In this study we performed a comprehensive search for QTLs focusing on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with growth and meat traits in sheep.

The database contains information about 156 SNP-trait associations (123 unique SNPs) and a list of 165 associated genes. The updated information is freely available at https://github.com/Defrag1236/Ovines_2018 (last access: 18 September 2019). This information can be useful for further association studies and preliminary estimation of genetic variability for economically important traits in different breeds.
We measure the effects of transverse wakefields driven by a relativistic proton bunch in plasma with densities of 2.1×1014 and 7.7×1014 electrons/cm3.

We show that these wakefields periodically defocus the proton bunch itself, consistently with the development of the seeded self-modulation process. We show that the defocusing increases both along the bunch and along the plasma by using time resolved and time-integrated measurements of the proton bunch transverse distribution. We evaluate the transverse wakefield amplitudes and show that they exceed their seed value (< 15 MV=m) and reach over 300 MV=m.

All these results confirm the development of the seeded self-modulation process, a necessary condition for external injection of low energy and acceleration of electrons to multi-GeV energy levels.
This work aims at identifying and describing the articulatory characteristics of the labial-labial and labial-dental consonant phonemes of the language of the Mennonite Germans of Siberia by distributive analysis and magnetic resonance imaging. The language of German Mennonites, referred to as Plautdietsch (self-designation Plotdich), or Mennonitenplatt, has a complex mixed character due to the history of its speakers. Through the centuries changing their place of residence, Mennonites, representatives of a special ethno-confessional community, now live in various countries of North and South America, European countries, and Russia. Of particular interest is the phonetic appearance of this language. For the first time, the description of its phonemic composition is carried out using the methods of experimental phonetics. The research material was collected from two native speakers (Neudachino, Novosibirsk region). Twenty tomograms were described and analyzed using the methodology of the Laboratory of Experimental Phonetic Research named after V. M. Nadelyaev, Institute of Philology, SB RAS. The tomography program comprised eleven word forms, with the target sound in the initial and final positions. The paper provides language material, with series of words in different phonetic contexts, a summary distribution table, and three tables describing the tomograms. Following N. S. Trubetskoy’s rules of phoneme selection, sound analysis identified five labial phonemes: noisy labial-labial mouth-bowed / p/ and / b/, noisy labial-dental mouth-slotted /v/ and /f/ and sonorous nasal-bowed /m/. Also, the analysis of MRI images determined the constitutive-differential features characteristic of the phonetic subsystem of labial consonantism of Plautdietsch.
The presence of awns on the ear is associated with a number of important plant properties, such as drought resistance, quality of the grain mass during processing, etc. The main manifestations of this trait are controlled by the B1 gene, which has recently been identified and encodes the C2H2 zinc finger transcription factor. Based on the previously identified SNPs in the promoter region of this gene, we constructed markers for dominant and recessive alleles which determine awnless and awned phenotypes, respectively. The markers were successful for use in targeting the respective alleles of the B1 gene in 176 varieties of common wheat, accessions of T. spelta L., as well as on F2/F3 hybrids from crosses between awned and awnless forms of T. aestivum. We first identified a new allele, b1mite, which has both an insert of a miniature Stowaway-like transposon, 261 bp in length, and 33 novel SNPs in the promoter region. Despite these changes, this allele had no effect on the awned phenotype. The possible mechanisms of the influence of the analyzed gene on phenotype are discussed.
In the last few decades, supramolecular chemistry has been at the forefront of chemical research, with the aim of understanding chemistry beyond the covalent bond. Since the long-range periodicity in crystals is a product of the directionally specific short-range intermolecular interactions that are responsible for molecular assembly, analysis of crystalline solids provides a primary means to investigate intermolecular interactions and recognition phenomena. This article discusses some areas of contemporary research involving supramolecular interactions in the solid state. The topics covered are: (1) an overview and historical review of halogen bonding; (2) exploring non-ambient conditions to investigate intermolecular interactions in crystals; (3) the role of intermolecular interactions in morphotropy, being the link between isostructurality and polymorphism; (4) strategic realisation of kinetic coordination polymers by exploiting multi-interactive linker molecules. The discussion touches upon many of the prerequisites for controlled preparation and characterization of crystalline materials.
We study, within QCD collinear factorization and including BFKL resummation at the next-to-leading order, the production of Mueller-Navelet jets at LHC with center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV.

The adopted jet vertices are calculated in the approximation of small aperture of the jet cone in the pseudorapidity-azimuthal angle plane. We consider several representations of the dijet cross section, differing only beyond the next-to-leading order, to calculate a few observables related with this process. We use various methods of optimization to fix the energy scales entering the perturbative calculation

and compare thereafter our results with the experimental data from the CMS collaboration.
To study the changes in protein composition of atherosclerotic plaques at different stages of their development in coronary atherosclerosis using proteomics.

The object of research consisted of homogenates of atherosclerotic plaques from coronary arteries at different stages of development, obtained from 15 patients. Plaque proteins were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis. The resultant protein spots were identified by the matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization method with peptide mass mapping.

Groups of differentially expressed proteins, in which the amounts of proteins differed more than twofold (p < 0.05), were identified in pools of homogenates of atherosclerotic plaques at three stages of development. The amounts of the following proteins were increased in stable atherosclerotic plaques at the stage of lipidosis and fibrosis: vimentin, tropomyosin β-chain, actin, keratin, tubulin β-chain, microfibril-associated glycoprotein 4, serum amyloid P-component, and annexin 5. In plaques at the stage of fibrosis and calcification, the amounts of mimecan and fibrinogen were increased. In unstable atherosclerotic plaque of the necrotic-dystrophic type, the amounts of human serum albumin, mimecan, fibrinogen, serum amyloid P-component and annexin were increased.This proteomic study identifies the proteins present in atherosclerotic plaques of coronary arteries by comparing their proteomes at three different stages of plaque development during coronary atherosclerosis.
We study experimentally the propagation of internal waves in two different three-dimensional (3D) geometries, with a special emphasis on the refractive focusing due to the 3D reflection of obliquely incident internal waves on a slope. Both studies are initiated by ray tracing calculations to determine the appropriate experimental parameters. First, we consider a 3D geometry, the classical set-up to get simple, 2D parallelogram-shaped attractors in which waves are forced in a direction perpendicular to a sloping bottom. Here, however, the forcing is of reduced extent in along-slope, transverse direction. We show how the refractive focusing mechanism explains the formation of attractors over the whole width of the tank, even away from the forcing region. Direct numerical simulations confirm the dynamics,emphasize the role of boundary conditions and reveal the phase shifting in the transversal direction. Second, we consider a long and narrow tank having an inclined bottom, to simply reproduce a canal. In this case, the energy is injected in a direction parallel to the slope. Interestingly, the wave energy ends up forming 2D internal wave attractors in planes that are transverse to the initial propagation direction. This focusing mechanism prevents indefinite transmission of most of the internal wave energy along the canal.
The production of recombinant human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (hG-CSF) for therapeutic purposes relies on its expression in selected clones of transfected mammalian cells. Alternatively, this protein can be produced by targeted secretion in the milk of transgenic goats. Thus, the aim of this study was to produce founder transgenic goats expressing hG-CSF and to propagate a transgenic production herd. After DNA microinjection of in vivo-produced pronuclear embryos was performed, two founders were obtained (one male and one female, named 10 M and 12 F, respectively). The mean level of hG-CSF secreted in the milk from the 12 F goat, which was measured during a period of induced lactation, was 620.92 ± 179.93 μg/ml. In addition, the recombinant protein presented in vitro biological activity on differentiation of human umbilical stem cells to neutrophil granulocyte series. A total of nine kids (six from 10 M and three from 12 F) that carried the hG-CSF transgene were generated by outbreeding of the founders. In summary, we produced two transgenic goats with a stably integrated hG-CSF gene that were capable of secreting recombinant hG-CSF from the lactating mammary gland without causing any harm to the animals' health. Additionally, the founders proved to be fertile and capable of transmitting the hG-CSF gene to first generation progeny of each line. Additional investigations of the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of the 10 M and 12 F lines are warranted.
By applying the Poincaré—Birkhoff—Witt property and the Gröbner—Shirshov bases technique

we find the linear basis of the associative universal enveloping algebra in the sense of Ginzburg and Kapranov of a pair of compatible Lie brackets

We state that the growth rate of this universal enveloping over [Formula: see text]-dimensional compatible Lie algebra equals [Formula: see text]
The process e+ e- -> phi -> K+ K- has been studied with the CMD-2 detector using about 542 000 events detected in the center-of-mass energy range from 1.01 to 1.034 GeV. The systematic error of the cross section is estimated to be 2.2%. The phi(1020) meson parameters in the phi -> K+K- decay channel have been measured: sigma_0(phi-> K+K-) = 2016 +- 8 +- 44 nb, m(phi) = 1019.441 +- 0.008 +- 0.080 MeV/c2, Gamma(phi) = 4.24 +- 0.02 +- 0.03 MeV, B(e+e-)B(K+K-) = (14.27 +- 0.05 +- 0.31)*10(-5).
A new algorithm for data bank homology search is proposed.

The algorithm first calculates indicative matrices of k-tuple 'realization' in the query sequence and then searches for an appropriate number of matching k-tuples within a narrow range in database sequences. It does not require k-tuple coordinates tabulation and in-memory placement for database sequences. The algorithm is implemented in a program for execution on PC-compatible computers and tested on PIR and GenBank databases with good results. A few modifications designed to improve the selectivity are also discussed.

As an application example, the search for homology of the mouse homeotic protein HOX 3.1 is given.
We present observation of ultra-narrow spectral modes in the generation of the random fiber laser by using a technique of optical heterodyning in real-time. We found that such modes have a spectral width below 3 MHz. The modes are spatially extended over the whole cavity and remain for tens of roundtrip times.
Background Anopheles coluzzii and Anopheles arabiensis belong to the Anopheles gambiae complex and are among the major malaria vectors in sub-Saharan Africa. However, chromosome-level reference genome assemblies are still lacking for these medically important mosquito species. Findings In this study, we produced de novo chromosome-level genome assemblies for A. coluzzii and A. arabiensis using the long-read Oxford Nanopore sequencing technology and the Hi-C scaffolding approach. We obtained 273.4 and 256.8 Mb of the total assemblies for A. coluzzii and A. arabiensis, respectively. Each assembly consists of 3 chromosome-scale scaffolds (X, 2, 3), complete mitochondrion, and unordered contigs identified as autosomal pericentromeric DNA, X pericentromeric DNA, and Y sequences. Comparison of these assemblies with the existing assemblies for these species demonstrated that we obtained improved reference-quality genomes. The new assemblies allowed us to identify genomic coordinates for the breakpoint regions of fixed and polymorphic chromosomal inversions in A. coluzzii and A. arabiensis. Conclusion The new chromosome-level assemblies will facilitate functional and population genomic studies in A. coluzzii and A. arabiensis. The presented assembly pipeline will accelerate progress toward creating high-quality genome references for other disease vectors.
The interaction between the dark/mirror sector and the ordinary sector is considered, where the two sectors interact with each other by sharing the same QCD axion field. This feature makes the mixing between ordinary and dark/mirror photons in ordinary and dark electromagnetic fields possible. Perturbative solutions of the equations of motion describing the evolution of fields in ordinary and dark external magnetic fields are found. User-friendly quantities such as transition probability rates and Stokes parameters are derived. Possible astrophysical and cosmological applications of this model are suggested.
Summary Serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine or 5‐ HT ) is an important neurotransmitter regulating a wide range of physiological and pathological functions via activation of heterogeneously expressed 5‐ HT receptors. Besides the important role of 5‐ HT receptors in the pathogenesis of depressive disorders and in their clinical medications, underlying mechanisms are far from being completely understood. This review focuses on possible cross talk between two serotonin receptors, 5‐ HT 1A and the 5‐ HT 7 . Although these receptors are highly co‐expressed in brain regions implicated in depression, and most agonists developed for the 5‐ HT 1A or 5‐ HT 7 receptors have cross‐reactivity, their functional interaction has not been yet established. It has been recently shown that 5‐ HT 1A and 5‐ HT 7 receptors form homo‐ and heterodimers both in vitro and in vivo . From the functional point of view, heterodimerization has been shown to play an important role in regulation of receptor‐mediated signaling and internalization, suggesting the implication of heterodimerization in the development and maintenance of depression. Interaction between these receptors is also of clinical interest, because both receptors represent an important pharmacological target for the treatment of depression and anxiety.
A special aspect of parameter identification in finite‐strain elasto‐plasticity is considered. Namely, we analyze the impact of the measurement errors on the resulting set of material parameters.

In order to define the sensitivity of parameters with respect to the measurement errors, a mechanics‐based distance between two sets of parameters is introduced. Using this distance function, we assess the reliability of certain parameter identification procedures. The assessment involves introduction of artificial noise to the experimental data; the noise can be both correlated and uncorrelated. An analytical procedure to speed up Monte Carlo simulations is presented.

As a result, a simple tool for estimating the robustness of parameter identification is obtained. The efficiency of the approach is illustrated using a model of finite‐strain viscoplasticity, which accounts for combined isotropic and kinematic hardening. It is shown that dealing with correlated measurement errors, most stable identification results are obtained for non‐diagonal weighting matrix. At the same time, there is a conflict between the stability and accuracy.
The discovery of the position effect variegation phenomenon and the subsequent comprehensive analysis of its molecular mechanisms led to understanding that the local chromatin composition has a dramatic effect on gene activity. To study this effect in a high-throughput mode and at the genome-wide level, the Thousands of Reporters Integrated in Parallel (TRIP) approach based on the usage of barcoded reporter gene constructs was recently developed. Here we describe the construction and quality checks of high-diversity barcoded plasmid libraries supposed to be used for high-throughput analysis of chromatin position effects in Drosophila cells. First, we highlight the critical parameters that should be considered in the generation of barcoded plasmid libraries and introduce a simple method to assess the diversity of random sequences (barcodes) of synthetic oligonucleotides using PCR amplification followed by Sanger sequencing. Second, we compare the conventional restriction-ligation method with the Gibson assembly approach for cloning barcodes into the same plasmid vector. Third, we provide optimized parameters for the construction of barcoded plasmid libraries, such as the vector : insert ratio in the Gibson assembly reaction and the voltage used for electroporation of bacterial cells with ligation products. We also compare different approaches to check the quality of barcoded plasmid libraries. Finally, we briefly describe alternative approaches that can be used for the generation of such libraries. Importantly, all improvements and modifications of the techniques described here can be applied to a wide range of experiments involving barcoded plasmid libraries.
A method for phosphors solid-phase synthesis under high pressure is proposed. Using the method, phosphors based on rare earth garnets were synthesized at a temperature considerably lower (1300 °C) than the temperature of the synthesis by conventional method (above 1650 °C). Using organic, inorganic ligaments and synthesized phosphors, remote phosphors were created. The chromaticity coordinates of created LEDs on the base of blue LEDs and remote phosphors fall into the bin of white and green colours. Luminous efficiency reaches 140 lm/W.