Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
The results of an experimental study of bubble diameters variation with distance from the point of gas injection in an upward bubble flow in an inclined flat channel are presented.

The measurements were carried out for a superficial fluid velocity of 0.51 m/s (Re=12400) and at various values of the gas flow rate ratio.

It is shown that at small values of the gas flow rate ratio ( β <2%), the coalescence of bubbles is practically absent, therefore the angle of inclination of the channel and the distance from the point of introduction of gas into the liquid flow do not affect the average diameter of gas bubbles.
In SABRE experiments at a high magnetic field, the spin order of molecular hydrogen is not just the singlet order, but a combination of singlet and central triplet ones. Additional proton pulse in some cases increases enhancement more than 10-fold.
The article deals with the fundamental and conjuncture factors of the oil market equilibrium. The purpose of the study is to identify new economic indicators that affect the global pricing model in the oil market, and determine the effectiveness of the existing cartel agreement.

The structure of net energy consumption, as well as features of demand for energy resources by regions of the world, is presented in the article. The study provides a comprehensive statistical analysis of the dynamics of changes in oil prices and production indicators of the largest oil producing countries in the world. The analysis highlights the factors of the oil market stabilization from the demand and supply side: production, technological and price factors.

Relative indicators, such as the level of technology development and drilling efficiency in the respective segments, were found to have the greatest impact on the stability of energy prices, and long-term price stabilization is possible only if the US oil industry participates in OPEC+ agreement.
In this paper we will present the results of Artin–Markov on braid groups by using the Gröbner–Shirshov basis. As a consequence we can reobtain the normal form of Artin–Markov–Ivanovsky as an easy corollary.
We present preliminary results of a latest measurement at Belle, the branching fraction of rare tau decay, τ⁻ → π⁻ ντ ℓ⁺ ℓ⁻ (ℓ = e or μ), using a 562 fb⁻¹ data set.

The branching fraction of τ⁻ → π⁻ e⁺ e⁻ ντ is measured to be ℬ(τ⁻→π⁻ e⁺ e⁻ ντ) = (2.11 ± 0.19 ± 0.30) × 10⁻⁵, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. An upper limit is set on the branching fraction of τ⁻ → π⁻ μ⁺ μ⁻ ντ, ℬ(τ⁻→π⁻ μ⁺ μ⁻ ντ) < 1.06 × 10⁻⁵, at 90% confidence level.
Magnetotransport in two submicron-sized devices formed on the basis of GaAs/AlGaAs structures has been simulated using nonequilibrium Green functions. The effect of a perpendicular magnetic field on quantum transport in a quasi-one-dimensional quantum dot and in an Aharonov–Bohm interferometer has been analyzed in a single-particle approximation. Magnetic field oscillations of two-terminal conductance of the devices, equilibrium (persistent) current distributions and magnetic moment generated in the devices by persistent currents have been determined using numerical methods. Correlations between the magnetic moment, magnetic field oscillations of conductance and energy resonance in a specific magnetic field have been traced. Sufficiently regular conductance oscillations similar to Aharonov–Bohm ones have been revealed for a quasi-one-dimensional quantum dot at small magnetic fields (0.05–0.4 T). For a ring interferometer the contribution to the total equilibrium current and magnetic moment at a specific energy may change abruptly both in magnitude and in sign as a result of changing magnetic field within one Aharonov–Bohm oscillation. We show that the conductance of an interferometer is determined not by the number of modes propagating in the ring but rather by the effect of triangular quantum dots at the ring entrance that produce a strong reflection. The period of the calculated Aharonov–Bohm oscillations is in agreement with the measurement results for these devices.
Top quark production in the forward region in proton-proton collisions is observed for the first time. The $W+b$ final state with $W\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\nu}$ is reconstructed using muons with a transverse momentum, ${p}_{T}$, larger than 25 GeV in the pseudorapidity range $2.020\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$. The results are based on data corresponding to integrated luminosities of 1.0 and $2.0\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ collected at center-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV by LHCb. The inclusive top quark production cross sections in the fiducial region are $\ensuremath{\sigma}(\text{top})[7\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}]=239\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}53(\text{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}33(\text{syst})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}24(\text{theory})\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{fb},\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\sigma}(\text{top})[8\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}]=289\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}43(\text{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}40(\text{syst})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}29(\text{theory})\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{fb}.$These results, along with the observed differential yields and charge asymmetries, are in agreement with next-to-leading order standard model predictions.
Among breast cancer (BC) patients the outcomes of anticancer therapy vary dramatically due to the highly heterogeneous molecular characteristics of BC. Therefore, an extended panel of BC cell lines are required for in vitro and in vivo studies to find out new characteristic of carcinogenesis and metastasis. The purpose of this study was to develop patient-derived BC cell cultures and metastatic tumor models representing a tool for personal therapy and translational research.Breast cancer cells were prepared by optimizing technique from tumor samples. We used real-time RT-PCR, flow cytometry, western blotting, cytotoxicity assay, karyotyping and fluorescent and electron microscopy analyses to characterize the established cell lines. BC xenografts in scid mice were used for in vivo tumorigenicity studies.The technique of preparing primary cells was optimized and this resulted in a high output of viable and active proliferated cells of nine patient-derived breast cancer cell lines and one breast non-malignant cell line. High E-cadherine and EpCAM expression correlated positively with epithelial phenotype while high expression of N-cadherine and Vimentin were shown in cells with mesenchymal phenotype. All mesenchymal-like cell lines were high HER3-positive-up to 90%. More interesting than that, is that two cell lines under specific culturing conditions (pulsed hypoxia and conditioned media) progressively transformed from mesenchymal to epithelial phenotypes displaying the expression of respective molecular markers proving that the mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition occurred. Becoming epithelial, these cells have lost HER3 and decreased HER2 membrane receptors. Three of the established epithelial cancer cell lines were tumorigenic in SCID mice and the generated tumors exhibited lobules-like structures. Ultrastructure analysis revealed low-differentiate phenotype of tumorigenic cell lines. These cells were in near-triploid range with multiple chromosome rearrangements. Tumorigenic BrCCh4e cells, originated from the patient of four-course chemotherapy, initiated metastasis when they were grafted subcutaneous with colonization of mediastinum lymph nodes.The developed BC cells metastasizing to mediastinum lymph nodes are a relevant model for downstream applications. Moreover, our findings demonstrate that pulsed hypoxia induces transformation of primary fibroblastoid breast cancer cells to epithelial-like cells and both of these cultures-induced and original-don't show tumor initiating capacity.
Early diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is crucial to providing effective therapy and often hampered by unspecific clinical manifestations. Elevated levels of extracellular circulating DNA (cirDNA) in patients with autoimmune disease were found to be associated with etiopathogenesis. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the putative diagnostic use of cirDNA in RA and its association with disease activity. Blood samples were taken from 63 healthy subjects (HS) and 74 patients with RA. cirDNA was extracted from plasma and cell surface-bound cirDNA fractions (csbDNA). cirDNA concentration was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Rheumatoid factor was analyzed by immunonephelometry, whereas C-reactive protein and anticitrullinated protein/peptide antibodies (ACPA) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Plasma cirDNA was significantly elevated in patients with RA compared with HS (12.0 versus 8.4 ng/ml, p < 0.01). In contrast, nuclear csbDNA (n-csbDNA) was significantly decreased (24.0 versus 50.8 ng/ml, p < 0.01), whereas mitochondrial csbDNA (m-csbDNA) was elevated (1.44 × 106 copies/ml versus 0.58 × 106 copies/ml, p < 0.05) in RA. The combination of csbDNA (mitochondrial + nuclear) with ACPA reveals the best positive/negative likelihood ratios (LRs) for the discrimination RA from HS (LR+ 61.00, LR− 0.03) in contrast to ACPA (LR+ 9.00, LR− 0.19) or csbDNA (LR+ 8.00, LR− 0.18) alone. Nuclear and mitochondrial cirDNA levels in plasma and on the surface of blood cells are modulated in RA. Combination of cirDNA values with ACPA can improve the serological diagnosis of RA.
In this paper, we study stratified flows and internal waves in the fracture zones of the Mid Atlantic Ridge.

The results of measurements carried out in the 39th and 40th cruises of RV Akademik Sergey Vavilov in the autumn of 2014 and 2015 are presented. Hydrophysical properties of the near-bottom flows are studied experimentally on the basis of CTD- and LADCP profiling. Theoretical analysis involves mathematical formulation of stratified fluid flow which uses CTD-data obtained from field observation in the Vema Fracture Zone region.

Spectral properties and kinematic characteristics of internal waves are calculated by finite element method.
We report a new measurement of the exclusive ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}^{(*)\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}{D}^{*\ensuremath{\mp}}$ cross sections as a function of the center-of-mass energy from the ${D}^{(*)\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}{D}^{*\ensuremath{\mp}}$ threshold through $\sqrt{s}=6.0\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$, using the initial-state radiation technique. The analysis is based on a data sample collected with the Belle detector with an integrated luminosity of $951\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. The accuracy of the cross section measurement is increased by a factor of 2 over the first Belle study. We perform the first angular analysis of the ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}^{*\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}{D}^{*\ensuremath{\mp}}$ process and decompose this exclusive cross section into three components corresponding to the ${D}^{*}$ helicities.
Pits had been destined for fermenting fish, and contained offerings, such as corpses of animals (fox, hare, wolverine, dog), stone and bone artifacts, and flat-bottomed clay vessels. On the basis of these finds, the Baraba culture was described.

AMS radiocarbon dating was applied to seven samples from Tartas-1, an Early Neolithic site in the Baraba forest-steppe, southwestern Siberia: four from pit 938, one from pit 990, and two from structure 6. A series of dates generated at the Curt Engelhorn Center for Archaeometry in Mannheim, Germany, for the Neolithic materials from Tartas-1 mostly fall within the 7th millennium, and the same applies to the dates relating to the Neolithic site of Vengerovo-2. The dates for structure 6 from Tartas-1 were generated at the Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS in Novosibirsk as well, agreeing with those from the Mannheim Center (for two samples, the results being virtually identical).

The results of the AMS radiocarbon analysis support the previous conclusion regarding the date of the complex — 7th millennium BC. In sum, the data obtained confirm the correctness of dating the Early Neolithic complex from Tartas-1 to the 7th millennium BC. The Baraba culture is also dated to this time.
The present status of the fully-relativistic nonperturbative calculations of the fundamental atomic processes with twisted electrons is presented.

In particular, the elastic (Mott) scattering, the radiative recombination, and for the very first time, the Bremsstrahlung processes are considered. The electron-ion interaction is accounted for in a nonperturbative manner, that allows obtaining reliable results for heavy systems. We investigate the influence of the 'twistedness' of the incoming electron on the angular and polarization properties of the emitted electrons and photons for the elastic and inelastic scattering, respectively.

It is found that these properties exhibit a strong dependence on the opening angle of the vortex electron beam in all processes considered.
To examine the imprinted Dlk1-Dio3 locus in pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) cell/fibroblast hybrid cells.

Gtl2, Rian, and Mirg mRNA expression in mouse pluripotent ES cell/fibroblast hybrid cells was examined by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Pyrosequencing and bisulfate sequencing were used to determine the DNA methylation level of the Dlk1-Dio3 locus imprinting control region. The selected hybrid clones had a near-tetraploid karyotype and were highly pluripotent judging from their capacity to generate chimeric embryos and adult chimeras.

Our data clearly demonstrate that Gtl2, Rian, and Mirg, which are imprinted genes within the Dlk1-Dio3 locus, are active in all examined ES cell/fibroblast hybrid clones. In spite of interclonal variability, the expression of the imprinted genes is comparable to that of ES cells and fibroblasts. Quantitative analysis of the DNA methylation status of the intergenic differentially methylated region (IG DMR) within the Dlk1-Dio3 locus by pyrosequencing and bisulfite sequencing clearly showed that the DNA methylation status of the imprinted region in the tested hybrid clones was comparable to that of both ES cells and fibroblasts. Reprogramming process in a hybrid cell system is achieved without marked alteration of the imprinted Dlk1-Dio3 locus.
Magma-mingling and melt modification between granitic pipes and host diorite

Geology and Geochemistry analysis

Petrology of Basalt in Earth science context
At variance with the theoretical and experimental studies on the DFI [1, 2], where the amplification was distributed along the fiber

We have considered an unidirectional all normal dispersion ring resonator with two lumped amplifying sections separated by two passive nonlinear dispersive fibers. Just before each amplifying section is located a spectral filter. The two filters differ by having the transmittance profile respectively blue- and red-detuned relatively to the amplifiers central frequency. The detuned spectral filters provide the necessary periodic zigzag modulation of the spectral losses needed to trigger the DFI. Propagation in the fibers has been modeled using the generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation and the lumped amplification by a saturable gain term with spectral bandwidth typical of rare-earth amplifiers.

The CW operation of the laser is unstable and the growth of spectral sidebands results in a temporal modulation of the field temporal profile leading to the formation of a pulse train with repetition rate corresponding to the instability frequency around 0.1 THz and pulse duration of about 3 ps.
The plasmodium of Physarum polycephalum has long been considered a model system for syncytically growing cells, but important details of the DNA replication apparatus, such as the DNA polymerase E and other replication factors, have not been detected.

In this study, a new variation of photoaffinity labelling and immunoblotting was used to detect DNA polymerases and other factors in nuclear extracts of P. polycaphalum. Proteins were specifically cross-l inked with photoreactive arylazido-dCMP residues incorporated during extension of template-primer DNA. The DNA synthesized in situ was labelled. After nucleolytic removal of protruding DNA, the proteins were separated by SDS-gel electrophoresis, electroblotted on membranes and subjected to autoradiography.

The a,s,eand -like DNA polymerases were labelled, as were histones and replication-factor-like proteins. Cytoplasmic extracts were devoid of these species. Abundant proliferating-cell nuclear antigen and replication protein A large subunit were labelled and found to be of unusual mass. A number of subunits of purified DNA polymerase holoenzymes were labelled. In contrast, only the DNA-polymerizing subunits could be labelled in nuclear extracts. Higher-order complexes in the nuclear extract may make subunits inaccessible to photo-cross-linking. Complex formation is promoted by -poly(~-malate), a plasmodium-specific putative storage and carrier molecule that supports DNA replication in the synchronized nuclei. Percoll, a polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated colloidal silica, partially disrupted these complexes. A 200 kDa fragment of DNA polymerase E and a 135 kDa -like DNA polymerase did not participate in the complexes, suggesting functions unlike those of the other polymerases. DNA polymerase molecules were intact during proliferation of plasmodia, but were nicked before their clearance from the nuclei at growth arrest.
The aim of the paper is the construction and numerical solution of stochastic differential equations whose trajectories are located on a given smooth manifold with probability 1. Second order cylindrical surfaces, i.e., elliptic, hyperbolic, and parabolic cylinders serve as examples of such manifolds for the tree-dimensional space (the phase space is two-dimensional). Classes of stochastic differential equations are constructed for these surfaces and linear equations with multiplicative noise are marked in these classes. The results of modelling were used to estimate the deviations of numerical solutions from the manifold. A comparative analysis of considered examples was carried out for accuracy of eight numerical solution methods for stochastic differential equations.
The article presents the results of internal consistency and internal structure analysis on a sample of 184 subjects of the four most widely used questionnaires of tolerance / intolerance to ambiguity: the Intolerance to Ambiguity Scale (IAS) by S. Badner, Multiple Stimulus Types Ambiguity Tolerance Scale (MSTAT-I and MSTAT-II) D. McLane and the Tolerance-intolerance of ambiguity new questionnaire (TAN) by T. V. Kornilova.

Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the five-factor model of MSTAT-I, the other models were not confirmed on our data. Exploratory factor analysis revealed unsatisfactory internal structure of the IAS, TAN, MSTAT-II.

The IAS subscales showed low internal consistency, the Tolerance-intolerance of ambiguity new questionnaire scale showed satisfactory internal consistency and the MSTAT-I and MSTAT-II scales showed high internal consistency. The results of the study are discussed.
There are differences in number and localization of nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) in genomes. In mammalian genomes, NORs are located on autosomes, which are often situated on short arms of acrocentric chromosomes and more rarely in telomeric, pericentromeric, or interstitial regions. In this work, we report the unique case of active NORs located on gonоsomes of a eutherian mammal, the Javan mouse-deer (Tragulus javanicus). We have investigated the position of NORs by FISH experiments with ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences (18S, 5.8S, and 28S) and show the presence of a single NOR site on the X and Y chromosomes. The NOR is localized interstitially on the p-arm of the X chromosome in close proximity with prominent C-positive heterochromatin blocks and in the pericentromeric area of mostly heterochromatic Y. The NOR sites are active on both the X and Y chromosomes in the studied individual and surrounded by GC enriched heterochromatin. We hypothesize that the surrounding heterochromatin might have played a role in the transfer of NORs from autosomes to sex chromosomes during the karyotype evolution of the Javan mouse-deer.
Contrary to previous studies even the presence of high K 2 O (up to 7.5 wt.%) did not stabilize the hexagonal structure during cooling. The cooling rates in our experiments were much higher than those at natural magmatic or hydrothermal systems

In this study we present Raman spectroscopy data obtained from a naturally occurring orthorhombic nyerereite (Na,K) 2 Ca(CO 3 ) 2 from the Oldoinyo Lengai volcano (Tanzania) at ambient and high temperature. Nyerereite was heated up to 300 °C, 400 °C and 500 °C, and is believed to have been transformed at high temperatures to hexagonal β‐ and γ‐phases similar to zemkorite, (Na,K) 2 Ca(CO 3 ) 2 . In situ measurements show that none of the high‐temperature hexagonal phases are quenchable, even at very high cooling rates (up to 50–80 °C/min)

There are no major differences in the chemical composition of natural nyerereite and zemkorite. However, Raman spectra reveal significant differences between the nyerereite at ambient temperature and the phases obtained in the course of all our high‐temperature experiments. Therefore hexagonal zemkorite is not likely to survive within natural systems as it transforms to nyerereite at ambient conditions. Thus, we do not expect to find zemkorite in any magmatic, metasomatic or hydrothermal rocks exposed at the Earth's surface
These measurements are based on $471\times 10^6$ $B\overline{B}$ pairs recorded with the $BABAR$ detector at the SLAC asymmetric $B$ Factory PEP-II.

We determine the branching fraction ratios $R^{(*)}_{\pi^+\pi^-} = \mathcal{B}(\overline{B} \to D^{(*)} \pi^+\pi^- \ell^- \overline{\nu})/\mathcal{B}(\overline{B} \to D^{(*)} \ell^-\overline{\nu})$ using events in which the second $B$ meson is fully reconstructed.

We find $R_{\pi^+\pi^-} = 0.067 \pm 0.010 \pm 0.008$ and $R^*_{\pi^+\pi^-} = 0.019 \pm 0.005 \pm 0.004$, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. Based on these results, we estimate that $\overline{B} \to D^{(*)}\pi\pi\ell^-\overline{\nu}$ decays, where $\pi$ denotes both a $\pi^\pm$ and $\pi^0$ meson, account for up to half the difference between the measured inclusive semileptonic branching fraction to charm hadrons and the corresponding sum of previously measured exclusive branching fractions.
An experimental study of the dynamics of the Taylor vapor bubble in water and in an aqueous solution of lithium bromide at vapor saturation pressure was carried out. The Taylor bubble was formed after boiling-up of the overheated degassed liquid in 16 mm diameter tube. The study has shown that the dynamics of the vapor cavity during boiling up leads to a qualitative difference from the dynamics of the vapor bubble in a large volume. There are also qualitative differences in the nature of motion of the vapor bubble and that of the gas bubble. This is due to the fact that the mass of the gas bubble and the temperature of the liquid do not change during the rise near the bubble, whereas the mass of the vapor bubble and the temperature of the vapor in the bubble and the liquid near the bubble can vary significantly due to evaporation of the liquid and steam condensation. This is due to the change of bubble height and level of fluid in the tube. The liquid level in the tube depends on the height of the bubbles, but the height of the liquid level in the tube depends on the volume of the bubbles.