Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Objectives. To assess associations between mean age at death from cardiovascular disease (myocardial infarction, acute heart failure, ischemic heart disease and stroke) and sex, education, socio-professional status, marital status, region of residence at birth, month and season of birth and of death in dependence of climatic conditions.Design. A retrospective analysis of death certificates in two Siberian cities from 1971 to 1978 (Novosibirsk, south-western Siberia) and from 1968 to 1985 (Mirny, western Yakutia).Methods. Analysis of variance, test for seasonality.Results. A remarkable effect of birthplace on longevity was observed in Novosibirsk. West Russia-born decedents were older than their cause of-death-matched counterparts born in Siberia. In this city, men died at younger age in spring months compared to the rest of the year. In Mirny, an extreme northern town with a very harsh climate, the life span depended on the duration of living in this region prior to death.Conclusion. There was some difference among cardiovascular diagnoses and between the two cities. However, overall, the results offer some support for theories suggesting that early "imprinting" is responsible for the association between life span and region/season of birth.
The present work aimed to prepare Ni-Mo particles distributed within the MgO matrix. With this purpose in mind, a ternary Ni-Mo-Mg oxide system was synthesized by a sol-gel approach. The samples were studied by low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, X-ray diffraction analysis, and transmission electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Both the nickel and molybdenum species in the prepared samples were characterized by a fine and uniform distribution. The diffraction pattern of the ternary system was predominantly represented by the MgO reflections. The catalytic activity of the samples was tested in the decomposition of 1,2-dichloroethane used as a representative of the chlorinated organic wastes. The nanostructured carbon filaments resulting from the decomposition of the halogenated substrate were found to be characterized by a narrow diameter distribution, according to the transmission electron microscopy data, thus confirming the fine distribution of the active Ni-Mo particles. The results obviously show the advantages of the sol-gel technique for obtaining efficient catalysts.
Increasing amounts of data support a role for guanine quadruplex (G4) DNA and RNA structures in various cellular processes.

We stained different organisms with monoclonal antibody 1H6 specific for G4 DNA. Strikingly, immuno-electron microscopy showed exquisite specificity for heterochromatin. Polytene chromosomes from Drosophila salivary glands showed bands that co-localized with heterochromatin proteins HP1 and the SNF2 domain-containing protein SUUR. Staining was retained in SUUR knock-out mutants but lost upon overexpression of SUUR. Somatic cells in Macrostomum lignano were strongly labeled, but pluripotent stem cells labeled weakly. Similarly, germline stem cells in Drosophila ovaries were weakly labeled compared to most other cells.

The unexpected presence of G4 structures in heterochromatin and the difference in G4 staining between somatic cells and stem cells with germline DNA in ciliates, flatworms, flies and mammals point to a conserved role for G4 structures in nuclear organization and cellular differentiation.
The content of mRNA of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) genes in the kidney and heart of hypertensive ISIAH and normotensive WAG rats was measured by the real-time PCR. Statistically significant decrease of RAS gene mRNA was registered in the kidney of ISIAH rats, including Ren (by 45%), Аce (43%), АТ1А (34%), СОХ-2 (50%). In the myocardium АТ1А mRNA expression decreased by 28% while Ace mRNA expression increased by 80%. These results demonstrate the reduction of renal RAS basal activity in the hypertensive ISIAH rats, and this allows us to consider the ISIAH rat, as a low-renin hypertensive strain.In support of this viewpoint, in the ISIAH rats, a two-fold increase in the connective tissue sodium concentration as well as statistically significant plasma sodium increase (from 136±0,25 μmol/l in WAG to 139±0,3 μmol/l in the ISIAH rats) were found. Our conclusion backed by a tendency of the ISIAH plasma aldosterone level decrease giving in sum a classical picture of a low-renin hypertensive state in the ISIAH rats.It was suggested that the formation of low-renin arterial hypertension in the ISIAH rats may depend on changes in kidney ion channels function. In addition, renal NO system alterations could be also involved in the pathogenesis of arterial hypertension in the ISIAH rats.
The content of mRNA of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) genes in the kidney and heart of hypertensive ISIAH and normotensive WAG rats was measured by the real-time PCR.

Statistically significant decrease of RAS gene mRNA was registered in the kidney of ISIAH rats, including Ren (by 45%), Аce (43%), АТ1А (34%), СОХ-2 (50%). In the myocardium АТ1А mRNA expression decreased by 28% while Ace mRNA expression increased by 80%.

These results demonstrate the reduction of renal RAS basal activity in the hypertensive ISIAH rats, and this allows us to consider the ISIAH rat, as a low-renin hypertensive strain.In support of this viewpoint, in the ISIAH rats, a two-fold increase in the connective tissue sodium concentration as well as statistically significant plasma sodium increase (from 136±0,25 μmol/l in WAG to 139±0,3 μmol/l in the ISIAH rats) were found. Our conclusion backed by a tendency of the ISIAH plasma aldosterone level decrease giving in sum a classical picture of a low-renin hypertensive state in the ISIAH rats.It was suggested that the formation of low-renin arterial hypertension in the ISIAH rats may depend on changes in kidney ion channels function. In addition, renal NO system alterations could be also involved in the pathogenesis of arterial hypertension in the ISIAH rats.
The aim of this literature review is to consider the range of different integral characteristics and indices, by which it can be possible to evaluate impaired hemodynamics and cerebrospinal fluid dynamics in the central nervous system according to radiation introscopy, including ultrasound and phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging. Consideration is given to various volume-velocity and temporal parameters and the possibility of using the described characteristics to study joint blood and cerebrospinal fluid flows. Emphasis is laid on the analysis of the information provided by each of the indices and by the possibility of its clinical application. This expanded study of the interaction of fluids in the central nervous system will be able to give a better insight into the mechanisms involved in maintaining homeostasis in the brain.
Chemically Induced Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (CIDNP) is an efficient method of creating non-equilibrium polarization of nuclear spins by using chemical reactions, which have radical pairs as intermediates. The CIDNP effect originates from (i) electron spin-selective recombination of radical pairs and (ii) the dependence of the inter-system crossing rate in radical pairs on the state of magnetic nuclei. The CIDNP effect can be investigated by using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) methods. The gain from CIDNP is then two-fold: it allows one to obtain considerable amplification of NMR signals; in addition, it provides a very useful tool for investigating elusive radicals and radical pairs. While the mechanisms of the CIDNP effect in liquids are well established and understood, detailed analysis of solid-state CIDNP mechanisms still remains challenging; likewise a common theoretical frame for the description of CIDNP in both solids and liquids is missing. Difficulties in understanding the spin dynamics that lead to the CIDNP effect in the solid-state case are caused by the anisotropy of spin interactions, which increase the complexity of spin evolution. In this work, we propose to analyze CIDNP in terms of level crossing phenomena, namely, to attribute features in the CIDNP magnetic field dependence to Level Crossings (LCs) and Level Anti-Crossings (LACs) in a radical pair. This approach allows one to describe liquid-state CIDNP; the same holds for the solid-state case where anisotropic interactions play a significant role in CIDNP formation. In solids, features arise predominantly from LACs, since in most cases anisotropic couplings result in perturbations, which turn LCs into LACs. We have interpreted the CIDNP mechanisms in terms of the LC/LAC concept. This consideration allows one to find analytical expressions for a wide magnetic field range, where several different mechanisms are operative; furthermore, the LAC description gives a way to determine CIDNP sign rules. Thus, LCs/LACs provide a consistent description of CIDNP in both liquids and solids with the prospect of exploiting it for the analysis of short-lived radicals and for optimizing the polarization level.
Wilson's disease is an inherited disorder associated with copper accumulation in the liver, brain and other vital organs. Wilson's disease is caused by mutations in the ATP7B gene. Over 300 mutations of ATP7B have been described.

Despite the disease is autosomal recessive, the patient whose PBMCs were reprogrammed in the study harbours heterozygous mutation c.3207C > A (p.H1069Q). Detailed analysis of the ATP7B complete gene sequencing data has not revealed other known disease associated mutation.

The generated iPSC lines maintained the original genotype, expressed pluripotency markers, had normal karyotype and demonstrated the ability to differentiate into derivatives of the three germ layers.
Nowadays, infrared thermography (IRT) attracts attention as an efficient tool for adsorption-desorption studies of porous materials [1][2][3][4], especially, of silica gels and zeolites.These studies help to optimize the gas purification and separation processes [4], and to improve monitoring and controlling fire and explosion hazards in the industry [3].The fundamental problem, which should be solved here, is to obtain a further insight into the physics of processes occurring on the surface of materials with a developed inner structure, that, in turn, is important for applications to catalysis.Until recently, experimental thermographic investigation of adsorption boiled down to obtaining the temperature profiles, which appeared and moved along or across adsorbent bed.Meanwhile, information about the real processes, which occur within a single particle, is needed to simulate properly the heat and mass transfer in such media.The aim of this work is the solution for the last problem.The particles were placed in a glass filter funnel (figure 1a), in which the gas mixture was fed at the bottom via digital flow controller of the textural characteristics analyzer "Termosorb" (Russia).The applied technology has allowed us to quantify the adsorption-desorption characteristics of separate particles of different solid adsorbents.Spatial (angular) resolution of a standard lens of an infrared camera permits to detect the temperature variation in an extended adsorbent bed, but usually it is not designed to study a single particle or separate particles in the bed.For this functionality, we made a special laboratory setup, which was equipped with an additional quartz lens and permitted to resolve separate particles (figure 1b).Figure 2 shows typical thermograms of the particles in the adsorption mode (left) and desorption mode (right).Here are shown some control points at which the temperature was measured for the quantitative description of the processes.The checkpoints indicated near pellets were used in high-sensitive regimes to compensate an excessive background level associated with the reflection of infrared radiation from the structural.It is found that the adsorption and desorption processes on the particles occur in different ways depending on the flow velocity of the adsorbate and the particle size.The comparative experimental examples for the adsorption characteristics for values of flow of the water vapor-nitrogen mixture of 1 ml/s and 0.5 ml/s are shown in figure 3.In particular, the particle size reduction at low-flow experiments results in the shift of the temperature curve maximum to shorter times.a b
Pentahexagonal annuli are closed chains consisting of regular pentagons and hexagons. Such configurations can be easily recognized in various complex designs, in particular, in molecular carbon constructions. Results of computer enumeration of annuli without overlapping on the plane are presented for up to 18 pentagons and hexagons. We determine how many annuli have certain properties for a fixed number of pentagons. In particular, we consider symmetry, pentagon separation (the least ring-distance between pentagons), uniformity of pentagon distribution, and pentagonal thickness (the size of maximal connected part of pentagons) of annuli. Pictures of all annuli with the number of pentagons and hexagons up to 17 are presented (more than 1300 diagrams).
This paper is devoted to the development of positivity and monotonisity preserving linear spline techniques, namely, techniques which are based on ideas applied in the field of high order TVD (Total Variation Diminishing) methods for numerical solving compressible flow equations.

Third and fifth degrees polynomial splines are constructed. Third degree splines include two variants, namely, monotonisity preserving and positivity preserving splines. These splines may be considered as modifications of classical cubic spline and may be identical to this spline for "good" data. These splines get shape preserviation at the cost of reducing smoothness till C^1. To restore C^2smoothness fifth degree polynomial splines are considered, which are constructed as a sum of base cubic shape preserving splines and fifth degree terms, which are chosen to provide continuity of the spline second derivative.

These C^2fifth degree polynomial splines are observed to preserve monotonisity or positivity for all considered data with these properties.
Y-box-binding protein 1 (YB-1) is a multifunctional positively charged protein that interacts with DNA or RNA and poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR). YB-1 is poly(ADP-ribosyl)ated and stimulates poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) activity. PAR synthesis activity of PARP1 is known to be facilitated by co-factors such as Mg2+.

Here, we studied the mechanism of YB-1-dependent PAR synthesis by PARP1 in vitro using biochemical and atomic force microscopy assays.

However, in contrast to an Mg2+-dependent reaction, the activation of PARP1 by YB-1 is accompanied by overall up-regulation of protein PARylation and shortening of the PAR polymer. Therefore, YB-1 and cation co-factors stimulated PAR synthesis in divergent ways. PARP1 autoPARylation in the presence of YB-1 as well as trans-PARylation of YB-1 are greatly affected by the type of damaged DNA, suggesting that PARP1 activation depends on the formation of a PARP1–YB-1–DNA ternary complex. An unstructured C-terminal part of YB-1 involved in an interaction with PAR behaves similarly to full-length YB-1, indicating that both DNA and PAR binding are involved in the stimulation of PARP1 activity by YB-1. Thus, YB-1 is likely linked to the regulation of PARylation events in cells via an interaction with PAR and damaged DNA.
Reaction of Na7H[Nb6O19]·15H2O with NaVO3·2H2O at 220 °C in the presence of NaHCO3 gives new bicapped α-Keggin vanadododecaniobate [VNb12O40{NbO(CO3)}2]13-, isolated and structurally characterized as Na9H4[VNb12O40{NbO(CO3)}2]·37H2O (1).

According to 51V NMR and ESI-MS data, this anion equilibrates in solution with [VNb12O40]15- and oligomeric species that result from dissociation of the {NbO(CO3)}+ fragments. In the presence of potassium, the same reaction gives [VxNb24O76]n- (x = 4, n = 12 (2a); x = 3, n = 17 (2b)).

The anions with x = 3 and 4 cocrystallize together, but exist as separate entities both in solid and in solution according to 51V MAS NMR and ESI-MS data.
A source of epithermal neutrons based on a vacuum-insulated tandem accelerator and a lithium target is developed for the technique of boron neutron capture therapy. A 2 MeV stationary proton beam with a current of up to 5 mA was obtained in the accelerator. With a view of increasing the current, the transport of a beam of negative hydrogen ions from the ion source to the accelerator is studied using a wire scanner OWS-30 (D-Pace, Canada) and a movable diaphragm. Dependences of the ion beam profile and the current on the residual gas pressure are measured and the influence of the space charge is detected. We measured the phase portrait of the beam in the radial and azimuth directions and discovered the effect produced by the aberrations of the focusing magnetic lens. We also gaged the value of the normalized beam emittance. The change in beam focusing mode and the introduction of optical diagnostics of the beam position in the diaphragm of the first accelerating electrode made it possible to significantly improve the stability of the accelerator operation at high current of the proton beam, up to 6.7 mA.
The paper considers the possibility of active monitoring of volcanic structures based on the simulation of vibroseismic transmission using the dynamical theory of elasticity.

A solution method, a parallel algorithm, and a program system based on a finite-difference approach together with CFS-PML method of absorbing boundaries are developed. Different variations of a magmatic stratovolcano approximate model are considered, comparative numerical calculations are carried out. The calculated wave field inside the volcanic structure has a compound structure depending on the geometry of studied objects and their rheological characteristics.

Based on the studies, it may be concluded that monitoring of the considered type of volcanoes using precision vibroseismic sources and seismic observation systems is possible. A variant of vibroseismic monitoring of Elbrus volcano using the observation system in the tunnel of the Baksan Neutrino Observatory is proposed.
In the last 20 years, multilayer optics for x-ray and EUV applications have revolutionized the measurement capabilities and the experimental set ups of synchrotron beamlines. Rigaku Innovative Technologies (formerly Osmic) has pioneered these technologies by designing, engineering and manufacturing of distinctive multilayer coatings.

We control our production of specified internal roughness on the atomic level while creating layered materials of defined thickness. These multilayers have d-spacings, synonymous for layer-pair thickness, which we can produce uniform, laterally graded, depth graded or even a combination of both gradients. We guarantee our specifications and we have a wide range of metrology technology in house, enabling us to keep our promised specifications and to expand the technical boundaries in our field of applications. Our core capabilities are the detailed knowledge of distinctive multilayer coating technology including the mounting and alignment of optics. We do direct coating on prefigured substrates or, mostly for applications in analytical laboratories, bonding of thin substrates to flat or curved backings. Having delivered thousands of multilayer structures to the analytical scientific market, we are able to design and engineer multilayers on the basis of numerical and analytical simulations of thickness, roughness, required densities and other optical parameters.

This technology gives us the possibility to produce just as one example multilayers with a period of 15 Angstroms, a reflectivity of much better than 30% and an energy resolution of better than 0.4%. We also have coatings and multilayer structures for substrates up to 1400 mm length and 400 mm width. The number of chemically different coatings we are able to perform is very broad. This is starting with the classical W/Si through Mo/B4C to a lot of other material combinations. We also design and produce dual wavelength multilayers, narrowand broad-bandwidth multilayers for energy ranges from 40ev to 40 keV. Please see figure (1) for further details. Here we have shown our calculated values for two different multilayer sandwiches. Further material will be shown. Our actual production quality will also be presented.
In this work, we used a reference population of newborns and sampled dried blood spots on Guthrie cards of 2,739 individual samples to determine the reference intervals for TRECs and KRECs values, in order to diagnose primary immunodeficiency by means of neonatal screening. The median absolute values for TRECs and KRECs were 195 (CI95%: 185-206) and 185 (CI95%: 176-197) copies per μl, respectively; the normalized value for TRECs was 2780 (CI95%: 2690-2840), and for KRECs, 2790 (CI95%: 2700-2900) copies per 2 × 10 5 copies of the albumin gene or 10 5 cells. The reference interval was calculated for 99 and 99.9 percentiles of total TRECs and KRECs individual values. Due to asymmetric distribution of data, the outliers were filtered off, using the Tukey’s criterion applied after logarithmic transformation of the data. When analyzing absolute values for TREC/KREC (per μL of blood), no “drop-down” TRECs values were identified; for KRECs, 18 experimental values were excluded from further analysis (from 9.8 to 13.5). The outlying values were not identified among the normalized values of TRECs/KRECs. The obtained reference values for TRECs and KRECs (at the 0.1 percentile level) were, respectively, 458 and 32 per 10 5 cells, or 23 and 17 per μl of blood samples from neonates.
Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are appreciable players in gene expression regulation in human cells. The canonical function of box C/D and box H/ACA snoRNAs is posttranscriptional modification of ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), namely, 2′-O-methylation and pseudouridylation, respectively. A series of independent studies demonstrated that snoRNAs, as well as other noncoding RNAs, serve as the source of various short regulatory RNAs.

Some snoRNAs and their fragments can also participate in the regulation of alternative splicing and posttranscriptional modification of mRNA.

Alterations in snoRNA expression in human cells can affect numerous vital cellular processes. SnoRNA level in human cells, blood serum, and plasma presents a promising target for diagnostics and treatment of human pathologies. Here we discuss the relation between snoRNAs and oncological, neurodegenerative, and viral diseases and also describe changes in snoRNA level in response to artificial stress and some drugs.
The thermal behaviour of Ag2[PtCl4] and Ag2[PtCl6] complex salts in inert and reducing atmospheres has been studied.

The thermolysis of compounds in a helium atmosphere is shown to occur in two stages. At the first stage, the complexes decompose in the temperature range of 350-500 °C with the formation of platinum and silver chloride and the release of chlorine gas. At the second stage, silver chloride is sublimated in the temperature range of 700-900 °C, while metallic platinum remains in the solid phase. In contrast to the thermolysis of Ag2[PtCl6], the thermal decomposition of Ag2[PtCl4] at 350 °C is accompanied by significant heat release, which is associated with disproportionation of the initial salt to Ag2[PtCl6], silver chloride, and platinum metal. It is confirmed by DSC measurements, DFT calculations of a suggested reaction, and XRD. The thermolysis of Ag2[PtCl4] and Ag2[PtCl6] compounds is shown to occur in a hydrogen atmosphere in two poorly separable steps. The compounds are decomposed within 170-350 °C, and silver and platinum are reduced to a metallic state, while a metastable single-phase solid solution of Ag0.67Pt0.33 is formed.

The catalytic activity of the resulting nanoalloy Ag0.67Pt0.33 is studied in the reaction of CO total (TOX) and preferential (PROX) oxidation. Ag0.67Pt0.33 enhanced Pt nano-powder activity in CO TOX, but was not selective in CO PROX.