Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Vitamin D3 Binding Protein (DBP) is a multifunctional glycoprotein whose main role is to transport vitamin D3 and its metabolites, but it also is the precursor of the macrophage activating factor (GcMAF). DBP is converted to GcMAF as a result of site-specific selective deglycosylation under the action of β-galactosidase and sialidase, localized on activated B and T cells, respectively. Nagalase is an enzyme that completely (rather than selectively) deglycosylates DBP so it cannot be converted to GcMAF, leading to immunodeficiency. Circulating DBP is composed of unmodified and O-glycosylated molecules with the glycosylation degree being dependent on the allelic variants of the gene encoding DBP.

GcMAF exerts its biological activity primarily as the capability of activating macrophages by enhancing their phagocytic function and producing ROS. Activation results in elevated expression of the specific macrophageal surface receptors involved in the recognition of tumor-associated antigens, as well as in the implementation of direct anticancer activity by inducing the apoptosis or necrosis of tumor cells.

Increased interest in GcMAF is associated with its potential to be used in the clinic as a new antitumor drug. Besides its anti-tumor activity, GcMAF exerts a potential against a number of viral and neurodegenerative diseases associated with increased activity of N -acetylgalactosaminidase (nagalase) in the blood serum of patients. The role of DBP in the resistance of organism against a number of diseases is supported by the increased risk of a variety of severe illnesses (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, colorectal cancer etc.) in patients deficient for GcMAF due to homozygosity for defective DBP alleles.
Using the eight time dependences for the decays Upsilon(4S)-> B0 B0bar -> fj fk with the dacay into a flavor-specific state fj = ell+- X before or after the decay into a CP eigenstate fk = c cbar KS,KL, as measured by the BABAR experiment

we determine the three CPT-sensitive parameters Re(z) and Im(z) in B0-B0bar mixing and |Abar/A| in B0 -> c cbar K0 decays

We find Im(z) = 0.010 +- 0.030 +- 0.013, Re(z) = -0.065 +- 0.028 +- 0.014, and |Abar/A| = 0.999 +- 0.023 +- 0.017, in agreement with CPT symmetry
Heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans are key components of cell microenvironment and fine structure of their polysaccharide HS chains plays an important role in cell-cell interactions, adhesion, migration and signaling. It is formed on non-template basis, so, structure and functional activity of HS biosynthetic machinery is crucial for correct HS biosynthesis and post-synthetic modification. To reveal cancer-related changes in transcriptional pattern of HS biosynthetic system, the expression of HS metabolism-involved genes (EXT1/2, NDST1/2, GLCE, 3OST1/HS3ST1, SULF1/2, HPSE) in human normal (fibroblasts, PNT2) and cancer (MCF7, LNCaP, PC3, DU145, H157, H647, A549, U2020, U87, HT116, KRC/Y) cell lines and breast, prostate, colon tumors was studied. Real-time RT-PCR and Western-blot analyses revealed specific transcriptional patterns and expression levels of HS biosynthetic system both in different cell lines in vitro and cancers in vivo. Balance between transcriptional activities of elongation- and post-synthetic modification- involved genes was suggested as most informative parameter for HS biosynthetic machinery characterization. Normal human fibroblasts showed elongation-oriented HS biosynthesis, while PNT2 prostate epithelial cells had modification-oriented one. However, cancer epithelial cells demonstrated common tendency to acquire fibroblast-like elongation-oriented mode of HS biosynthetic system. Surprisingly, aggressive metastatic cancer cells (U2020, DU145, KRC/Y) retained modification-oriented HS biosynthesis similar to normal PNT2 cells, possibly enabling the cells to keep like-to-normal cell surface glycosylation pattern to escape antimetastatic control. The obtained results show the cell type-specific changes of HS-biosynthetic machinery in cancer cells in vitro and tissue-specific changes in different cancers in vivo, supporting a close involvement of HS biosynthetic system in carcinogenesis.
This paper reports on development of an optical system for tomographic imaging in reacting flows. The measurement principle is based on registration of Stokes Raman scattering (rovibrational transitions for molecular nitrogen), when a transparent object is illuminated by a laser sheet. The method allows to retrieve local gas density and concentration.
. A fully non-linear problem on unsteady water waves generated by an impulsively moving obstacle is studied analytically. Our method involves reduction of the Euler equations to the integral-differential system for the wave elevation together with normal and tangential fluid velocities at a free surface. Exact model equations are derived in explicit form in a case where an isolated obstacle is presented by a totally submerged elliptic cylinder. A small-time asymptotic solution is constructed for a cylinder which starts with constant acceleration from rest. It is demonstrated that the leading-order solution terms describe several wave regimes such as the formation of non-stationary splash jets by vertical rising or vertical submersion of the obstacle; the generation of diverging waves is also observed.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are promising biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of various diseases. Quantitative PCR is the most frequently used method of measuring expression levels of miRNA. However, the lack of validated reference genes represents the main source of potential bias in results. It is normal practice to use small nuclear RNAs as reference genes; however, they often have variable expression. Researchers tend to prefer the most stable reference genes in each experiment. The review includes reference genes for the following tissue types: gliomas, lung cancer, melanoma, gastric cancer, liver cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer, thyroid cancer, ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, rectal cancer, blood tumors, and placental tissues.
The publication introduces into scientific circulation a review prepared in November 1924 by the order of the Soviet administration of the Chinese Eastern Railways (KVZhD) and the Soviet Embassy in China by the employee of the KVZhD Department M. Bolshov.The review is devoted to the settlement in the border region of China by the refugees from the Trans-Baikal region -the areas of the Argun river region and the Three Rivers territory, located outside the concession territory ("the exclusion zone") of the KVZhD.The review describes the specifics of the Russian colonization of the Chinese border territory, the scale of the refugees in the period of the civil war, the settlement structure, the management system and administrative and legal status of migrants, as well as the specifics of economic activities of the immigrants.
We have made the first observation of B(s)(0)→D(s)(*)+ D(s)(*)- decays using 23.6 fb(-1) of data recorded by the Belle experiment running on the Υ(5S) resonance.

The branching fractions are measured to be B(B(s)(0)→D(s)+ D(s)-)=(1.03(-0.32-0.25)(+0.39+0.26))%, B(B(s)(0)→D(s)(*±) D(s)(∓))=(2.75(-0.71)(+0.83)±0.69)%, and B(B(s)(0)→D(s)*+ D(s)*-)=(3.08(-1.04-0.86)(+1.22+0.85))%; the sum is B[B(s)(0)→D(s)(*)+ D(s)(*)-]=(6.85(-1.30-1.80)(+1.53+1.79))%. Assuming B(s)(0)→D(s)(*)+ D(s)(*)- saturates decays to CP-even final states, the branching fraction determines the ratio ΔΓ(s)/cosφ, where ΔΓ(s) is the difference in widths between the two B(s)-B(s) mass eigenstates, and φ is a CP-violating weak phase.

Taking CP violation to be negligibly small, we obtain ΔΓ(s)/Γ(s)=0.147(-0.030)(+0.036)(stat)(-0.041)(+0.042)(syst), where Γ(s) is the mean decay width.
Fluid dynamics is one of the cornerstones of modern physics and has recently found applications in the transport of electrons in solids. In most solids electron transport is dominated by extrinsic factors, such as sample geometry and scattering from impurities. However in the hydrodynamic regime Coulomb interactions transform the electron motion from independent particles to the collective motion of a viscous `electron fluid'.

Here we eliminate all unknown parameters by fabricating samples with smooth sidewalls to achieve the perfect slip boundary condition, which has been elusive both in molecular fluids and electronic systems. We engineer the device geometry to create viscous dissipation and reveal the true intrinsic hydrodynamic properties of a 2D system.

We observe a clear transition from ballistic to hydrodynamic electron motion, driven by both temperature and magnetic field. We directly measure the viscosity and electron-electron scattering lifetime (the Fermi quasiparticle lifetime) over a wide temperature range without fitting parameters, and show they have a strong dependence on electron density that cannot be explained by conventional theories based on the Random Phase Approximation.
For several processes at colliding beams, macroscopically large impact parameters give an essential contribution to the standard cross section. These impact parameters may be much larger than the transverse sizes of the colliding bunches. In that case, the standard calculations have to be essentially modified. The corresponding formulas for such a beam-size effect were given 20 years ago without taking into account correlations of particle coordinates in the beams. In the present paper we derive formulas necessary to take into account quantitatively the effect of particle correlations in the spectrum of bremsstrahlung as well as in pair production. Our results are quite different from those obtained in recent papers [V. N. Baier and V. M. Katkov, Phys. Rev. D 66, 053009 (2002); V. N. Baier and V. M. Katkov, hep-ph/0305304.]. We point out the origin of this difference.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a common cardiovascular disease. However, effective methods of its therapy have not been developed so far. To date patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes are supposed to be a useful tool for studying HCM molecular mechanisms and to help find new approaches to HCM therapy.

Using non-integrating episomal vectors, we generated an iPSC line from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of an HCM patient carrying a heterozygous p.N515del mutation in MYBPC3.

The iPSC line expressed pluripotency markers, gave rise to derivatives of three germ layers during spontaneous differentiation, had normal karyotype, and retained the patient-specific mutation.
We study the radiation build-up in laminar and turbulent generation regimes in quasi-CW Raman fiber laser.

We found the resulted spectral shape and generation type is defined by the total spectral broadening/narrowing balance over laser cavity round-trip, which is substantially different in different regimes starting from first round-trips of the radiation build-up.

In turbulent regime, the steady-state is reached only after a few round-trips, while in the laminar regime the laser approaches the equilibrium spectrum shape asymptotically.
This article is devoted to the search for conditions for optimal operation of a microhydroturbine model.

The experiments were carried out in air medium. Velocity fields were measured in the outlet cone of a hydraulic turbine using an LDA system.

It was shown that by modeling the flow in the air, using the integral swirl parameter S, it is possible to quickly determine the optimal regime of operation of the turbine for the given parameters of the water resource.
Aim . To study the prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) according to epidemiological criteria in the Novosibirsk population of 25-45 years, to identify its associations with lipid and non-lipid risk factors. Material and methods . Cross-sectional survey of the Novosibirsk population aged 25-45 was carried out. The study included 650 people (268 men and 382 women). The epidemiological diagnosis of CAD (“Certain CAD” — CCAD, “Possible CHD” — PCAD) was made according to epidemiological (according to Rose questionnaire) and clinical functional (ECG recording with the Minnesota code) criteria. Blood levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, cholesterol of low and high density lipoproteins (LDL-Ch, HDL-Ch) were determined. Blood pressure were measured (SBP, DBP), the presence of arterial hypertension (AH), body mass index and the smoking status were assessed. Results . CCAD was detected in 3,8% people, including in 2,6% men and in 4,7% women. PCAD was detected in 6,1% people, including 78% men and 5,0% women. The results of univariate analysis showed that the relative risk of PCAD in the population is higher in people with low HDL-Ch (OR 2,136), in smokers (OR 1,925) and in AH subjects (OR 2,235). The results of logistic regression analysis showed that the relative risk of PCHD in the population, independently of other factors, is associated with lower level of HDL-Ch (OR 0,180) and higher SBP (OR 1,026). The relative risk of CCAD developing in the female population is higher in women with low HDL-Ch (OR 3,800) and in AH women (OR 4,572). Conclusion . In the Novosibirsk population of 25-45 years, CAD, determined by epidemiological criteria, independently of lipid and non-lipid risk factors, is associated with AH presence and reduced HDL-Ch.
We study numerically the nonlinear stage of modulational instability (MI) of cnoidal waves, in the framework of the focusing one-dimensional Nonlinear Schrodinger (NLS) equation. Cnoidal waves are the exact periodic solutions of the NLS equation and can be represented as a lattice of overlapping solitons. MI of these lattices lead to development of "integrable turbulence" [Zakharov V.E., Stud. Appl. Math. 122, 219-234 (2009)]. We study the major characteristics of the turbulence for dn-branch of cnoidal waves and demonstrate how these characteristics depend on the degree of "overlapping" between the solitons within the cnoidal wave. Integrable turbulence, that develops from MI of dn-branch of cnoidal waves, asymptotically approaches to it's stationary state in oscillatory way. During this process kinetic and potential energies oscillate around their asymptotic values. The amplitudes of these oscillations decay with time as t^{-a}, 1
. The evolution of large amplitude internal waves propagating towards the shore and more specifically the run up phase over the "swash" zone is considered. The mathematical model describing the generation, interaction, and decaying of solitary internal waves of the second mode in the interlayer is proposed. The exact solution specifying the shape of solitary waves symmetric with respect to the unperturbed interface is constructed. It is shown that, taking into account the friction on interfaces in the mathematical model, it is possible to describe adequately the change in the phase and amplitude characteristics of two solitary waves moving towards each other before and after their interaction. It is demonstrated that propagation of large amplitude solitary internal waves of depression over a shelf could be simulated in laboratory experiments by internal symmetric solitary waves of the second mode.
The Oligocene–Miocene Maykop Group sediments, mainly composed of illite–smectite, store mercury in strongly variable concentrations from 10 to 920 μg/kg.

Extremely high Hg levels (98–920 μg/kg) coupled with abnormal mercury-to-total organic carbon (TOC) ratios (Hg/TOC = 109 to 3000 μg/kg/wt%; TOC = 0.2 wt% to 1.2 wt%) were measured in the Middle Maykop marine shales that were deposited in the deepwater Indol–Kuban Basin under anoxic conditions. The Middle Maykop shales contain up to 70% of total mercury in sulfide form. In heavy mineral fractions, abundant Hg-bearing pyrite (with up to 4810 µg/kg Hg in hand-picked concentrates) is accompanied by sporadic cinnabar. Relative to the Middle Maykop sediments, the Upper Maykop shales have much lower Hg concentrations and Hg/TOC ratios: 10 to 63 μg/kg (34 μg/kg on average) and 7.7 to 137 μg/kg/wt% (39 μg/kg/wt% on average), respectively.

Mercury sequestration is inferred to occur mostly by binding in sulfide hosts in the Middle Maykop anoxic deep-sea sediments and in organic matter, Fe3+-(oxy)hydroxides, and clay particles in the Upper Maykop shales which were deposited in a more oxygenated environment. Mercury inputs to the marine shales during Maykopian sedimentation were possibly associated with local Oligocene–Lower Miocene volcanic activity in the Caucasus Continental Collision Zone. At the same time, the mode of Hg binding in sediments was controlled by redox conditions which changed from anoxic to disoxic and suboxic at the Middle-to-Upper Maykop transition.
EDITORIAL article Front. Genet., 28 July 2020Sec. Computational Genomics Volume 11 - 2020 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2020.00625
After gamma-ray treatment of pea seeds, a mutation tendril-less2 (tl2) was obtained. In heterozygote, it transforms tendrils into a narrow leaflets, resembling an action of the classic mutation tl.

In contrast to tl, the novel mutation, when homozygous, does not affect leaf development but supresses pigmentation of petals.

It is suggested that both genes (Tl and TI2), responsible for transformation of leaves into an organ of climbing, have common origin from a gene controlling anthocyanine synthesis
The free-living flatworm Macrostomum lignano is used as a model in a range of research fields—including aging, bioadhesion, stem cells, and sexual selection—culminating in the establishment of genome assemblies and transgenics. However, the Macrostomum community has run into a roadblock following the discovery of an unusual genome organization in M. lignano, which could now impair the development of additional resources and tools. Briefly, M. lignano has undergone a whole-genome duplication, followed by rediploidization into a 2n = 8 karyotype (distinct from the canonical 2n = 6 karyotype in the genus). Although this karyotype appears visually diploid, it is in fact a hidden tetraploid (with rarer 2n = 9 and 2n = 10 individuals being pentaploid and hexaploid, respectively). Here, we report on a phylogenetically informed search for close relatives of M. lignano, aimed at uncovering alternative Macrostomum models with the canonical karyotype and a simple genome organization. We taxonomically describe three new species: the first, Macrostomum janickei n. sp., is the closest known relative of M. lignano and shares its derived genome organization; the second, Macrostomum mirumnovem n. sp., has an even more unusual genome organization, with a highly variable karyotype based on a 2n = 9 base pattern; and the third, Macrostomum cliftonensis n. sp., does not only show the canonical 2n = 6 karyotype, but also performs well under standard laboratory culture conditions and fulfills many other requirements. M. cliftonensis is a viable candidate for replacing M. lignano as the primary Macrostomum model, being outcrossing and having an estimated haploid genome size of only 231 Mbp.
In this work we employ mean field stability theory (MFST) to predict the onset of the precessing vortex core (PVC) in the draft tube of Francis turbines. MFST is based on the linear stability analysis of the mean field of turbulent flows. Recent work shows that MFST very accurately predicts the formation of coherent structures in turbulent shear flows, such as the PVC. MFST may further reveal the flow regions that are most susceptible to flow actuation to suppress the PVC, which is of great practical relevance. In this work, MFST is accompanied by a data-driven approach to predict the linear growth rate of the PVC based on pointwise wall pressure measurements. The method is based on statistical evaluation of the probability density function of the PVC amplitude at limit cycle. It makes use of the intense noise induced by the background turbulence, which is expected to be a major driver of hydrodynamic instabilities. The empirical and analytic results are compared to phase-locked LDV measurements conducted inside the draft tube at various operating conditions, to assess the quantitative accuracy of the approach. The methodologies outlined in this work will be of relevance for future design of hydro turbines to run stable over a wide range of operating conditions.
Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells have been produced just for a few species among order Carnivora: snow leopard, Bengal tiger, serval, jaguar, cat, dog, ferret, and American mink.

We applied the iPS cell derivation protocol to the ringed seal ( Phoca hispida ) fibroblasts. The resulting cell line had the expression of pluripotency marker gene Rex1 . Differentiation in embryoid body-like structures allowed us to register expression of AFP , endoderm marker, and Cdx2 , trophectoderm marker, but not neuronal (ectoderm) markers. The cells readily differentiated into adipocytes and osteocytes, mesoderm cell types of origin. Transcriptome analysis allowed us to conclude that the cell line does not resemble human pluripotent cells, and, therefore, most probably are not pluripotent.

Thus, we produced ringed seal multipotent stem cell line capable of differentiation into adipo- and osteocytes.
The paper presents the results of breeding work (1996-2017) on creation of the highly adaptive, polyvitaminic variety of sea-buckthorn Yakhontovaya. The variety testing was carried out in typical climatic conditions of the forest-steppe of Priobye of Novosibirsk region on medium-textured medium-humus medium-loamy leached chernozem. The sea-buckthorn variety Yakhontovaya was obtained as a result of free pollination from a selected form of the Katun population and was passed for the state variety testing in 2004. The plant is characterized by high adaptive capacity, winter hardiness, stable yield (> 8 t/ha), and wiltresistance. Berries are only slightly damaged by seabuckthorn fly (Rhagoletis batava obscuriosa Kol.) . They have a late term of ripening with dry separation from branches. Due to the high content of sugars, carotenoids and good technological properties, berries are suitable for processing, freezing and fresh consumption. The berry pulp may contain oils up to 4.2%, carotenoids 45.5 mg%, sugars 7.9%, vitamin C 222.7 mg%. A distinctive feature of the variety is the compactness of the crown, which provides for the high density of the yield (1.32 kg/m3) and the possibility of using compact space for planting in the garden of 1.5 (1.2) x 4.0 (3.0) m. The high coefficient of productivity (36 g/10cm) makes it possible to recommend the Yakhontovaya variety for semi-mechanical harvesting – selective cutting of branches with berries. According to the assessment results of distinctiveness, homogeneity and stability, the variety was included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements in 2013. According to the results of the state variety testing in 2017, the variety Yakhontovaya was acknowledged as suitable for cultivation in the West Siberian region.
Hybrid organic/inorganic interfaces have been widely reported to host emergent properties that go beyond those of their single constituents. Coupling molecules to the recently discovered topological insulators, which possess a linearly dispersing and spin-momentum--locked Dirac fermions, may offer a promising platform towards new functionalities.

Here, we report a scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy study of the prototypical interface between MnPc molecules and a Bi$_2$Te$_3$ surface. MnPc is found to bind stably to the substrate through its central Mn atom. The adsorption process is only accompanied with a minor charge transfer across the interface, resulting in a moderately n-doped Bi$_2$Te$_3$ surface.

More remarkably, topological states remain completely unaffected by the presence of the molecules, as evidenced by the absence of scattering patterns around adsorption sites. Interestingly, we show that, while the HOMO and LUMO orbitals closely resembles those of MnPc in the gas phase, a new hybrid states emerges through interaction with the substrate. Our results pave the way towards hybrid organic--topological insulator heterostructures, which may unveil a broad range of exciting and unknown phenomena.