Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
With the help of ultrasound examination (ultrasound), it is possible to visualize the skin of patients with suspected localized scleroderma, as well as to objectively determine the stage of the disease and assess the effectiveness of therapy.

Three patients with linear, plaque forms of scleroderma, as well as lichen sclerosus, underwent skin ultrasound using a Skinscanner DUB TPM device with a 75 MHz transducer, 4 mm penetration, 21 m resolution in the area of lesions and in adjacent areas of healthy skin, using their ratio coefficient (RC) for comparative evaluation. The thickness of the epidermis and dermis, their echogenicity were determined.

With a linear form of scleroderma, an increase in the thickness of the epidermis in the area of the focus (RC 0.850.0125) and a decrease in its echogenicity (RC 1.580.46) were observed. The echogenicity of the dermis was significantly reduced in the lesion (RC 3.021.17). The dermis thickness was slightly less in the center of the lesion (RC 1.09), at the periphery of the lesion it was moderately increased (RC 0.86). In the plaque form of scleroderma, a decrease in the echogenicity of the epidermis was observed in the foci (RC 1.320.49); an increase in the thickness of the dermis (RC 0.790.16) and a decrease in its e echogenicity (RC 1.260.57). In 7 of 11 foci, a subepidermal hypoechoic band was visualized. With lichen sclerosis in the foci, an increase in the thickness of the epidermis (RC 0.420.12) and its acoustic density (RC 0.630.0793), a decrease in the thickness and echo density of the dermis (RC 1.320.00943 and RC 1.550.6, respectively). With different forms of LS, a different ultrasound picture was observed, depending on the stage and activity of the process. The changes identified during treatment reflect the effectiveness of the therapy and the rate of restoration of the skin structure during therapy.
The induction of transposition of ТЕ mdgl has been analysed at the different stages of spermatogenesis in isogenic lines of males № 2-2 и № 16 of Drosophila melanogaster exposed to Cold Shock (CSh) and Heat Shock (HSh).

We found that in response to CSh and HSh multiple transpositions of mobile elements mdgl occur in each stage of spermatogenesis.

It was found that meiosis was the most sensitive stage to CSh. Exposure to HSh caused the highest rate of transpositions in the meiosis and spermatogenesis stages.
Terahertz (THz) surface plasmons (SPs) can be effectively used in THz communication lines, information processing devices, spectroscopic measurements of submicron dielectric layers, and metal surface quality control. Such applications necessitate implementation of various optical schemes, including splitting of THz SPs on the guiding surface.

This work is the first experimental demonstration of the fact that a polyimide kapton film of submillimetre thickness can effectively split THz SPs. Measurements of the transmission and reflection coefficients of SPs on gold-ZnS layer plane structures using monochromatic radiation of the Novosibirsk free-electron laser (λ = 130 μm)

have shown good accordance with theoretical calculations.
We report the measurement of γγ→ηc(1S),ηc(2S)→η′π+π− with η′ decays to γρ and ηπ+π− using 941 fb−1 of data collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e+e− collider.

The ηc(1S) mass and width are measured to be M=[2984.6±0.7 (stat)±2.2 (syst)±0.3 (model)] MeV/c2 and Γ=[30.8+2.3−2.2 (stat)±2.5 (syst)±1.4 (model)] MeV, respectively. First observation of ηc(2S)→η′π+π− with a significance of 5.5σ including systematic error is obtained, and the ηc(2S) mass is measured to be M=[3635.1±3.7 (stat)±2.9 (syst)±0.4 (model)] MeV/c2.

The products of the two-photon decay width and branching fraction (B) of decays to η′π+π− are determined to be ΓγγΓγγB=[65.4±2.6 (stat)±7.8 (syst)] eV for ηc(1S) and [5.6+1.2−1.1 (stat)±1.1 (syst)] eV for ηc(2S). The cross sections for γγ→η′π+π− and η′f2(1270) are measured for the first time.
(1)H NMR signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) was observed for pyridine and pyridine-d5 at 9.4 T, a field that is orders of magnitude higher than what is typically utilized to achieve the conventional low-field SABRE effect.

In addition to emissive peaks for the hydrogen spins at the ortho positions of the pyridine substrate (both free and bound to the metal center), absorptive signals are observed from hyperpolarized orthohydrogen and Ir-complex dihydride. Real-time kinetics studies show that the polarization build-up rates for these three species are in close agreement with their respective (1)H T1 relaxation rates at 9.4 T. Experiments utilizing pyridine-d5 as the substrate exhibited larger enhancements as well as partial H/D exchange for the hydrogen atom in the ortho position of pyridine and concomitant formation of HD molecules.

The results suggest that the mechanism of the substrate polarization involves cross-relaxation with hyperpolarized species in a manner similar to the spin-polarization induced nuclear Overhauser effect. While the mechanism of polarization enhancement does not explicitly require chemical exchange of hydrogen atoms of parahydrogen and the substrate, the partial chemical modification of the substrate via hydrogen exchange means that SABRE under these conditions cannot rigorously be referred to as a non-hydrogenative parahydrogen induced polarization process.
In (2) Planetary Formation Theory and Origin of Earth, we simply review previous researches of planetary formation theory, and introduce newly proposed Tandem model to explain the formation of the solar system with new factor. Then, we introduce the ABEL model as another new theory to explain how the Earth was formed. This model can explain long unsolved enigma of the origin of earth’s water and solid earth. In (4) Origin of the Earth’s life, after we review previous researches for the birthplace of life, we propose nine requirements that must be met at the birthplace of life.

In (3) Origin of a habitable planet: carbon cycle, we try to explain the significance to unravel the carbon cycle through earth’s history. And we propose new concept of carbon cycle from atmosphere to mantle through earth’s history from the birth of earth to present day. In addition, based on accretionary complex geology centering on Ocean Plate Stratigraphy (OPS), we propose carbon compensation depth (CCD) works as the function of pCO2 through time, which is significantly new method to approach environmental evolution of the earth. In (4) Origin of the Earth’s life, we introduce an ideal site to emerge life is Natural geyser system on the Hadean primordial continent, which produce material circulation system to synthesize life by the combination between natural nuclear reactor and geyser. In (5) Evolution of the Earth’ life, we pick up 20 biggest events in the history for the earth and life, to understand more essential and significant events to study the history of earth and life.

In (6) Towards the establishment of Astrobiology, we propose the working hypothesis to push forward the present Astrobiology research. Astrobiology is the research field to unravel when, how, and where in the universe life was born. To tackle with such a big question, fundamental requirements must be clarified. The conditions to evolve to a habitable planet, which we propose here, is comprised of three groups; (1) planetary requirements to be life emerging planet, (2) nine requirements for the birthplace, and (3) requirements to evolve into planet with civilization. Totally 40 requirements are picked up, and each condition must be satisfied in sequence as listed. It means the emergence of life is not easy. The order and number of requirements that must be satisfied make life very difficult even to appear, suggesting the planet with civilization might be quite rare in our Galaxy.
Trichogin is a natural peptide endowed with antimicrobial and antitumor activity. A member of the peptaibol family, trichogin possesses a C‐terminal amino alcohol. In the past, this moiety was substituted for a methyl ester for synthetic purposes and it was observed that this apparently slight modification caused significant changes in the peptide bioactivity. With the aim of understanding the reasons behind such observations, a detailed spectroscopic study on a number of trichogin analogues has been performed. Herein, data obtained from synchrotron radiation circular dichroism, NMR spectroscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy in organic solvents at cryogenic temperatures are compared with those independently acquired by means of EPR spectroscopy at 80 K. It is unambiguously revealed that the presence of a reversible, temperature‐driven, screw‐sense interconversion from a right‐ to left‐handed helix is determined by the C‐terminal capping moiety. Data demonstrate, for the first time, the key role of a C‐terminal methyl ester in promoting peptide screw‐sense inversion.
The rarely identified influenza A viruses of the H15 hemagglutinin subtype have been isolated exclusively in Australia.

Here we report the isolation of an H15N4 influenza A virus (A/teal/Chany/7119/2008) in Western Siberia, Russia. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the internal genes of the A/teal/Chany/7119/2008 strain belong to the Eurasian clade and that the H15 and N4 genes were introduced into the gene pool of circulating endemic avian influenza viruses through reassortment events.

Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the internal genes of the A/teal/Chany/7119/2008 strain belong to the Eurasian clade and that the H15 and N4 genes were introduced into the gene pool of circulating endemic avian influenza viruses through reassortment events.
We identify five phases in the formation of M&A from the beginning until the newest developments when economic sanctions were imposed.

The paper summarizes the results of empirical analysis of mergers and acquisitions (M&A) of Russian companies over the period 1995-2013.To capture the time series behaviour of M&A processes, we fit an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model.We further analysed co-integration of M&A processes in Russia and US, China, and Germany.

The results indicate German and Chinese M&A series have a long-term influence on Russian series, while no significant causal links were evidenced in the dataset between US and Russian series.
The serotonin transporter plays an important role in serotonergic neuromodulation. It is known that polymorphisms in the serotonin transporter gene are linked to the dysregulation of emotions. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the impact of variation in the gene encoding serotonin transporter polymorphism on oscillatory dynamics during inhibition of planned movement in the stop signal paradigm. During performance the stop signal paradigm, electroencephalograms (EEGs) were recorded in 90 healthy Caucasian children (39 girls) from 7 to 12 years. Buccal epithelium probes were taken from all participants. The La, Lg, and S alleles of serotonin transporter-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) polymorphism were detected in the DNA samples using PCR. LaLa genotype carriers did not differ from LaS\LgS and LgS\LgLg\SS carriers in a number of successful inhibitions of a prepotent response. Carriers of LaLa exhibit higher alpha and beta event-related spectral perturbations (ERSP) in parietal and occipital cortices after the presentation of signal of inhibition of movement than LaS\LgS and LgS\LgLg\SS carriers. Results are consistent with current literature and confirm that S allele carriers are more predisposed to disturbances in cognitive control.
The impact of fs and ns pulses on indium and sulfur doped gallium selenide crystals with four and five different doping concentrations, respectively, has been studied in comparison with that of undoped GaSe. The inconsistence of the visual criterion of the damage threshold determination has been demonstrated. The multiphoton absorption and thermal effect have been identified as key factors limiting fs and ns pulse pump intensities, respectively. High advantages in the limit pump intensity as up to 50% for optimally indium-doped crystal and up to 4.5 times for optimally sulfur-doped crystal have been demonstrated under fs pulses expose.
We consider the well known NP-hard teacher/class timetabling problem.

Variable neighborhood search and tabu search heuristics are developed based on idea of the Formulation Space Search approach. Two types of solution representation are used in the heuristics. For each representation we consider two families of neighborhoods. The first family uses swapping of time periods for teacher (class) timetable. The second family bases on the idea of large Kernighan-Lin neighborhoods.

Computation results for difficult random test instances show high efficiency of the proposed approach.
This paper reports on the investigation of combustion features of synthesis gas/air and methane/air flames in a model gas turbine combustor with swirling flow via numerical simulation. This combustor developed for experimental investigation of flow, heat transfer and combustion. For synthesis gas combustion ratio of hydrogen and carbon monoxide was 1:1. The equivalence ratio Φ in both cases was 1.5. The combustor contains systems for water- and air-cooling that provides reasonable temperature value of combustor walls in operating mode. The methane/air flame has the lifted V-shape and synthesis gas/air flame has the columnar tubular flame. In practical, the V-shape flames are more often used. To provide more practical combustion regimes for synthesis gas/air mixture it is necessary to increase the fuel-oxidant mixing efficiency in the premixer of the combustor.
The assumption that chronic mechanical stress in brain cells stemming from intracranial hypertension, arterial hypertension, or mechanical injury is a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases was put forward in the 1990s and has since been supported. However, the molecular mechanisms that underlie the way from cell exposure to mechanical stress to disturbances in synaptic plasticity followed by changes in behavior, cognition, and memory are still poorly understood.

Here we review (1) the current knowledge of molecular mechanisms regulating local translation and the actin cytoskeleton state at an activated synapse, where they play a key role in the formation of various sorts of synaptic plasticity and long-term memory, and (2) possible pathways of mechanical stress intervention. The roles of the mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling pathway; the RNA-binding FMRP protein; the CYFIP1 protein, interacting with FMRP; the family of small GTPases; and the WAVE regulatory complex in the regulation of translation initiation and actin cytoskeleton rearrangements in dendritic spines of the activated synapse are discussed.

Evidence is provided that chronic mechanical stress may result in aberrant activation of mTOR signaling and the WAVE regulatory complex via the YAP/TAZ system, the key sensor of mechanical signals, and influence the associated pathways regulating the formation of F actin filaments and the dendritic spine structure. These consequences may be a risk factor for various neurological conditions, including autistic spectrum disorders and epileptic encephalopathy. In further consideration of the role of the local translation system in the development of neuropsychic and neurodegenerative diseases, an original hypothesis was put forward that one of the possible causes of synaptopathies is impaired proteome stability associated with mTOR hyperactivity and formation of complex dynamic modes of de novo protein synthesis in response to synapse-stimulating factors, including chronic mechanical stress.
The article is devoted to the review and analysis of varietal resources of soft spring wheat cultivated in the conditions of Western Siberia. For 2020, 261 varieties of this crop are included into the State Register of the Russian Federation, including 97 varieties (36.8 %) created by breeders of 15 institutions in the West Siberian region.

The joint creation of varieties with scientists from the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences made it possible to use, along with collection samples and selection varieties, alloplasmatic introgressive lines of soft wheat carrying the cytoplasm of the cultivated barley Hordeumvulgare L. Thus, a method for in vitro testing of drought resistance has been developed.

It is concluded that close cooperation with Institutes of the Russian Academy of Sciences and other scientific institutions is necessary in order to create varieties that combine increased productivity with resistance to unfavorable biotic and abiotic environmental factors.
This paper addresses the main problems in assessing the stratigraphy of superimpositions in rock art. When a petroglyph is overlain by one or several others, this may provide important information not only about single images but also about entire stylistic traditions. Existing methods used for evaluating the relative chronology of the parts of petroglyphic palimpsests are discussed, and a new approach is proposed, combining high-resolution three-dimensional visualization at the macro-level with traceological analysis. We focus on the characteristics of the pecked surface in the area outside the palimpsest and that in the overlap zone. The comparison of these parts makes it possible to reveal the traceologically informative features in the palimpsest areas, indicating the sequence of superimposed petroglyphs. This approach is instantiated by the analysis of one of the palimpsests in the Shalabolino rock gallery, the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Images representing various stylistic traditions are found in complicated stratigraphic relations. The sequence of three main fi gures (bear, bull, and elk) in this multilayered composition has been reconstructed. The results of the analysis cannot be used as an argument for attributing these petroglyphs to vastly different chronological periods. Rather, they provide new information relevant to the debate around the age of the Angara and Minusinsk petroglyphic styles in the Minusinsk Basin.
The 2020 coronavirus infection pandemic has potentiated a large number of studies in the world on the etiopathogenesis, clinical and morphological manifestations of COVID-2019 infection. This review presents biochemical, molecular genetic and clinical aspects of COVID-2019.
Generation of transgenic organisms by pronuclear microinjection has become a routine procedure. However, while the process of DNA integration in the genome is well understood, we still do not know much about the recombination between transgene molecules that happens in the first moments after DNA injection. Most of the time, injected molecules are joined together in head-to-tail tandem repeats-the so-called concatemers. In this review, we focused on the possible concatenation mechanisms and how they could be studied with genetic reporters tracking individual copies in concatemers. We also discuss various features of concatemers, including palindromic junctions and repeat-induced gene silencing (RIGS). Finally, we speculate how cooperation of DNA repair pathways creates a multicopy concatenated insert.
The adrenals are known as an important link in pathogenesis of arterial hypertensive disease. The study was directed to the adrenal transcriptome analysis in ISIAH rats with stress-sensitive arterial hypertension and predominant involvement in pathogenesis of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and sympathoadrenal systems. The RNA-Seq approach was used to perform the comparative adrenal transcriptome profiling in hypertensive ISIAH and normotensive WAG rats. Multiple differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to different biological processes and metabolic pathways were detected. The discussion of the results helped to prioritize the several DEGs as the promising candidates for further studies of the genetic background underlying the stress-sensitive hypertension development in the ISIAH rats. Two of these were transcription factor genes (Nr4a3 and Ppard), which may be related to the predominant activation of the sympathetic-adrenal medullary axis in ISIAH rats. The other genes are known as associated with hypertension and were defined in the current study as DEGs making the most significant contribution to the inter-strain differences. Four of them (Avpr1a, Hsd11b2, Agt, Ephx2) may provoke the hypertension development, and Mpo may contribute to insulin resistance and inflammation in the ISIAH rats. The study strongly highlighted the complex nature of the pathogenesis of stress-sensitive hypertension. The data obtained may be useful for identifying the common molecular determinants in different animal models of arterial hypertension, which may be potentially used as therapeutic targets for pharmacological intervention.
The high-power Free Electron Laser (FEL) based on a multi-turn microtron-recuperator is currently operating in Novosibirsk [1]. The radiation of the FEL is used for carrying out experiments in different areas of physics, biology, and chemistry. The radiation is transported to all user stations using one transportation system, referred to as the "radiation optical channel". To ensure radiation transportation to the required user station, this optical channel contains a set of special mechanical units (mirrors and shutters). The states of all these units determine the track of radiation propagation from its source to the required user station.
The article shows the results of calculations necessary for testing to approve the space qualified electric field probe used in outer space.

A special electric field probe calibration setup was developed and manufactured, which allows testing a space qualified electric field probe in the entire measurement range (from ± 0.1 to ± 200 kV/m) under low (-80 °C) and high (+72 °C) temperatures and at reduced pressure of 1.3 · 10 -3 Pa (10 -5 torr).

Metrological tests of the probes batch, calibrated by the space qualified electric field probe calibrator, performed at the verification equipment under normal conditions, showed that the maximum error of the electric field probe does not exceed 15% in the entire measurements range which will increase the accuracy of determining the satellite surface charging parameters and help in designing modern spacecrafts.
Within a framework of mechanics of multiphase media a mathematical model of the dynamics of a helium and water vapor mixture flowing through a bed of composite adsorbent, based on microspheres and aluminum oxide, is derived.

It is shown how to coincide the flow in porous media of adsorber and gas diffusion in a cylindrical granule of adsorbent taking into account helium adsorption by microspheres and water vapor by a porous surface of an adsorbent.
Non-heme iron(II) complexes are widespread synthetic enzyme models, capable of conducting selective C–H oxidation with H2O2 in the presence of carboxylic acid additives. In the last years, structurally similar manganese(II) complexes have been shown to catalyze C–H oxidation with similarly high selectivity, and with much higher efficiency.

In this mini-review, recent catalytic and mechanistic data on the selective C–H oxygenations with H2O2 in the presence of manganese complexes are overviewed.

A distinctive feature of catalyst systems of the type Mn complex/H2O2/carboxylic is the existence of two alternative reaction pathways (as found for the oxidation of cumenes), one leading to the formation of alcohol, and the other to ester. The mechanisms of formation of the alcohol and the ester are briefly discussed.