Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Bovidae, the largest family in Pecora infraorder, are characterized by a striking variability in diploid number of chromosomes between species and among individuals within a species. The bovid X chromosome is also remarkably variable, with several morphological types in the family.

Here we built a detailed chromosome map of musk ox (Ovibos moschatus), a relic species originating from Pleistocene megafauna, with dromedary and human probes using chromosome painting. We trace chromosomal rearrangements during Bovidae evolution by comparing species already studied by chromosome painting. Variations in the X chromosome structure of four bovid species nilgai bull (Boselaphus tragocamelus), saola (Pseudoryx nghetinhensis), gaur (Bos gaurus), and Kirk’s Dikdik (Madoqua kirkii) were further analyzed using 26 cattle BAC-clones.

The musk ox karyotype differs from the ancestral pecoran karyotype by six fusions, one fission, and three inversions. We discuss changes in pecoran ancestral karyotype in the light of new painting data. We found the duplication on the X in saola. We show main rearrangements leading to the formation of four types of bovid X: Bovinae type with derived cattle subtype formed by centromere reposition and Antilopinae type with Caprini subtype formed by inversion in XSB1.
Organic aerosol is formed in coal mines due to heat release and evaporation of organics from coal during the longwall operation. This frictional heating occurs when a metallic cutting bit strikes a rock. Thus formed organic aerosol can contribute significantly to the explosivity of methane/air atmosphere in coal mines. In this paper, the flammable limits for the methane–air mixtures with organic aerosol are determined. For this purpose, organic aerosol is synthesizes from the coal-tar pitch in a laboratory evaporation–nucleation flow chamber. Aerosol particles synthesized under laboratory conditions are aggregates consisting of small primary particles with the fractal-like dimension D f = 2.0 ± 0.1, which is close to D f = 2.1 ± 0.1 of coal mine aerosol. It is shown that the flammability of organic aerosol/methane mixture in air is in good agreement with the Le Chatelier additive principle. The lower ignition limit for the pure organic aerosol in air is 44 g/m 3 .
The distinction between the charged particle and antiparticle differential cross sections of high-energy bremsstrahlung in the electric field of a heavy atom is investigated.

The consideration is based on the quasiclassical approximation to the wave functions in the external field. The charge asymmetry (the ratio of the antisymmetric and symmetric parts of the differential cross section) arises due to the account for the first quasiclassical correction to the differential cross section. All evaluations are performed with the exact account of the atomic field.

We consider in detail the charge asymmetry for electrons and muons. For electrons, the nuclear size effect is not important while for muons this effect should be taken into account. For the longitudinal polarization of the initial charged particle, the account for the first quasiclassical correction to the differential cross section leads to the asymmetry in the cross section with respect to the replacement $\ensuremath{\varphi}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\varphi}$, where $\ensuremath{\varphi}$ is the azimuth angle between the photon momentum and the momentum of the final charged particle.
The Robertsonian translocations inherited from parents with a normal phenotype are often discovered through children with pathogenesis. The exact causes of pathologies in children with clinical manifestations are often unknown and vary greatly in the reported cases: uniparental disomy, de novo rearrangements, changes in methylation patterns and gene expression, including ribosomal genes.

Molecular-cytogenetic investigation of a clinical case of intellectual disability. GTG-banding, Ag-NOR staining, fluorescent in situ hybridization, PCR, real-time PCR.

We describe a family case of a translocation rob (13; 14) and elevated rRNA expression in the proband with developmental delay and in his phenotypically normal mother. We show the loss of the p-arms of original chromosomes and the absence of NORs on the derived chromosome. The whole-chromosome uniparental disomy is excluded. The translocated chromosome in the proband was most likely inherited from the mother and did not come about de novo with normal chromosomes 13 and 14 being obtained from the father. The cause of the pathogenesis in the proband still remains unknown. We hypothesize that it could be caused by impaired imprinting manifesting in altered methylation levels of loci on the derivative chromosome.
We are concerned with a hydrodynamical model of layered structures at the presence of an electric current. We formulate a linearized stability problem for layered structures and prove that the solutions of this problem grow infinitely, which means the destruction of layered structures at the presence of the small-amplitude alternating electric current.
The Toba Caldera has been the site of several large explosive eruptions in the recent geological past, including the world's largest Pleistocene eruption 74,000 years ago. The major cause of this particular behaviour may be the subduction of the fluid-rich Investigator Fracture Zone directly beneath the continental crust of Sumatra and possible tear of the slab. Here we show a new seismic tomography model, which clearly reveals a complex multilevel plumbing system beneath Toba. Large amounts of volatiles originate in the subducting slab at a depth of ∼150 km, migrate upward and cause active melting in the mantle wedge. The volatile-rich basic magmas accumulate at the base of the crust in a ∼50,000 km(3) reservoir. The overheated volatiles continue ascending through the crust and cause melting of the upper crust rocks. This leads to the formation of a shallow crustal reservoir that is directly responsible for the supereruptions.
A test facility for experimental simulation of transient heat loads in ITER divertor with the use of high power electron beam is developed at the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics.

This report presents an experimental study of the absorption of the electron beam with an incident heat power flux of 10-50 GW/m2 on the area of about 2 cm2 of a tungsten target. The electron beam has duration of 0.1-0.3 ms and electron energy of 80-95 keV, Diagnostics for measuring of the beam parameters on the target are briefly discussed.

Results of measurement of the beam profile and calorimetry of beam energy deposited in tungsten sample at ELM-like heat load are presented.
Background.It is well-documented that (bio)chemical reaction capacity of raw potato starch depends on crystallinity, morphology and other chemical and physical properties of starch granules, and these properties are closely related to gene functions.Preparative yield, amylose/amylopectin content, and phosphorylation of potato tuber starch are starch-related traits studied at the genetic level.

In this paper, we perform a genome-wide association study using a 22K SNP potato array to identify for the first time genomic regions associated with starch granule morphology and to increase number of known genome loci associated with potato starch yield. Methods.A set of 90 potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) varieties from the ICG "GenAgro" collection (Novosibirsk, Russia) was harvested, 90 samples of raw tuber starch were obtained, and DNA samples were isolated from the skin of the tubers.Morphology of potato tuber starch
Russian Sign Language is a natural language that serves as a means of communication for people with hearing impairments. Currently, it is necessary to provide communication paths between hearing and deaf people, which requires the solution of several specific problems, one of which is gesture recognition. The paper presents a system for recognizing isolated static and dynamic gestures of the dactyl alphabet of the Russian Sign Language. The system is based on machine learning methods and is an LSTM with Mediapipe Hands as feature extractor. The network showed an F-measure value of 91% on test data.
Applying the Pancharatnam–Berry (PB) principle to half-wave plate (HWP) metasurfaces allows the manipulation of wavefronts along with the conversion of the handedness of circularly polarized incident waves by simply rotating the meta-atoms that compose the metasurface. PB metasurfaces (PBM) working in transmission mode with four or more layers have been demonstrated to reach levels of transmission efficiency near 100% but also have resulted in bulky structures. On the other hand, compact tri-layer ultrathin (λ/8) designs have reached levels near 90% but are more challenging than single- or bi-layer structures from a manufacturing viewpoint.

Here, we propose a compact ultrathin (<λ/13) transmissive PBM with only two layers (which significantly simplifies the fabrication process) achieving a transmission efficiency level of around 90%, focusing the wavefront of a circularly polarized incident wave and converting its handedness. The metasurface is composed of identical bi-layered H-shaped unit cells (meta-atoms) whose transmission phases are chosen by introducing different rotation angles to each unit cell according to a lens spatial phase profile.

The structure is analytically and numerically studied and experimentally measured, verifying an excellent behavior as an HWP PB metalens at 87 GHz.
Concept of photon neutralizer for large ITER like NBI system has been proposed.

The use of proposed concept allows beam neutralization with significantly lower requirements concerning optical radiation quality in comparison with resonance schemes

also there is no need for complicated stabilization and tuning system.
The evolution of surface band bending and the probabilities of electron emission in a vacuum are studied under cesium and oxygen deposition on atomically flat and rough As-rich and Ga-rich GaAs (001) surfaces by means of photoreflectance spectroscopy and photoemission quantum-yield spectroscopy. On the rough surface, as compared to the flat one, the suppression of non-monotonic Cs-induced band bending variations is observed, along with the overall band bending increase. Multiple repeated activations of the GaAs (001) surface by cesium and oxygen followed by vacuum anneals led to an increase in the root-mean-square roughness from Rq ˜ 0.1-0.2 nm up to ˜ 3 nm. As a result, the probability of electron escape into vacuum decreased by half.
New lipid conjugates of DNA and RNA incorporating one to four [(4-dodecylphenyl)sulfonyl]phosphoramidate or (hexadecylsulfonyl)phosphoramidate groups at internucleotidic positions near the 3′ or 5′-end were synthesized and characterized.

Low cytotoxicity of the conjugates and their ability to be taken up into cells without transfection agents were demonstrated. Lipid-conjugated siRNAs targeting repulsive guidance molecules a (RGMa) have shown a comparable gene silencing activity in PK-59 cells to unmodified control siRNA when delivered into the cells via Lipofectamine mediated transfection.
The channeling of laser pulses in waveguides filled with a rare plasma is one of promising techniques of laser wakefield acceleration. A solid-state capillary can precisely guide tightly focused pulses. Regardless of the material of the capillary, its walls behave like a plasma under the influence of a high-intensity laser pulse. Therefore, the waveguide modes in the capillaries have a universal structure, which depends only on the shape of the cross-section. Due to the large ratio of the capillary radius to the laser wavelength, the modes in circular capillaries differ from the classical TE and TM modes. The attenuation length for such modes is two orders of magnitude longer than that obtained from the classical formula, and the incident pulse of the proper radius can transfer up to 98% of its initial energy to the fundamental mode. However, finding eigenmodes in capillaries of arbitrary cross-section is a complex mathematical problem that remains to be solved.
A new Wenlockian zircon U–Pb age (~426 Ma) of the Overmaraat-Gol nepheline syenite (foyaite, juvite) pluton in the SW Lake Hovsgol area (Northern Mongolia) prompts a long history of alkaline magmatism in the western Central Asian Orogenic Belt, exceeding the duration of the Devonian and Permian–Triassic events. The LILE and HFSE patterns of pluton samples analyzed by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and inductively coupled plasma (ICP-MS) methods indicate intrusion in a complex tectonic setting during interaction of a mantle plume with accretionary-collisional complexes that previously formed on the active continental margin. As a result, the parent magma had a heterogeneous source with mixed mantle (PREMA and EM) and crustal components. This source composition is consistent with Nd–Sr isotope ratios of the Overmaraat-Gol alkaline rocks, from −0.1 to −1.2 εNd(t) and from ~0.706 to 0.707 87Sr/86Sr(t).
The first of its kind study of the effect of the organic linker length and reaction temperature on aggregation reactions leading to organometallic–organic hybrid polymers is presented.
The paper considers the issues of accounting and reflection in multi-agent systems of the influence of the information environment, information flows on agent behavior and the assessment of consequences, including environmental ones, of decisions made by them at various stages of large-scale infrastructure projects. The information space is a priori a multidimensional dynamic environment that is continuously updated and transformed, sometimes under the primacy of the interests of individual agents or influence groups, and much less frequently from the standpoint of ensuring the viability of the economic system as a whole.

A large-scale project for the construction of a transcontinental highway (TKS) through the Bering Strait was chosen as the object of study. The article provides a fairly detailed description of the groups of agents involved in the decision-making process, as well as the elements of the information space that are significant for an agent at certain stages of its activity. To model the influence of the information space on decision-making processes by agents of different hierarchy levels (business entities, managerial entities, etc.), algorithms and special procedures have been developed.
Exploration of the Arctic region is actual task that affects political and economic interests of several country. The knowledge of the lithosphere deep structure beneath the Arctic Ocean is necessary to reconstruct the stages of the regional geological evolution, which, in turn, provides important information for exploration of new mineral deposits and to understand their origin. Although the Arctic attracts much attention, the scientific investigations there advance quite slowly. The harsh climatic conditions and large expenses slow down realization of the fieldwork in high latitude areas. Therefore, scientists from over the world looks for new technologies, which could optimize and reduce the costs of the fieldworks that aimed at investigation of the geological structure beneath the Arctic Ocean.

The main task of the Project is to develop the methodology of long-term multidisciplinary geophysical observations that are meant to study structure of the crust and offshore seismicity in the Polar Regions. To this proposes, the observation systems have to be adopted to the conditions of the deep sea covered by paleocrystic floes and should take into account drift of the ice floes. In the framework of the Project, the prototypes of such observation systems will be developed and tested in the natural conditions on ice of the Arctic Ocean and in other water reservoirs. Here, instead of standard methods, we propose performing complicated, but more efficient experiments with deployment of various geophysical equipment of the ice floes. The drift of the ice floes will provide the movement of the instruments above study area and thus will improve data coverage. The observation systems of the passive seismological and magnetotelluric sounding methods supplemented by the electromagnetic sounding method with innovative controlled source will be designed for installation on top of the drifted ice floes.

The practical implementation of this set of the methods will be significantly less expensive than currently used technologies of active seismic survey, for example.
The article will analyze the work of the colloquiums of novelists, scholars and professors of law schools in Europe and Asia, conducted in the late 20th and early 21st centuries

and their impact on the process of studying Roman law in the modern period

It is concluded that colloquiums were an important factor in the development of international cooperation and the international institution of civil society
Oxidation process of bituminous coal, anthracite, and coke obtained after pyrolytic treatment of the corresponding fuels (bituminous coal and anthracite) modified with activating additives in the form of Cu(NO 3 ) 2 and Fe(NO 3 ) 2 in the amount of 5 wt% was studied. Application of the additives was carried out by incipient wetness impregnation method with preliminary dissolution of the additive in a water-alcohol solution with a volume ratio of C 2 H 5 OH/H 2 O=50/50. Additionally modified samples were subjected to thermal treatment at a temperature corresponding to the decomposition of the considered metal nitrates (about 220 °C) to ensure close contact between additives (metal oxides) and carbon materials. Oxidation process was performed by thermogravimetric analysis at a heating rate of 10 °C/min in the temperature range 45-1000 °C at atmospheric pressure. It has been established that application of activating additives in the form of metal oxides and their precursors helps to reduce the initial temperature of intense oxidation (Δt i = 15-80 °C) and to shift the process to the low-temperature region as a whole. Mass spectrometric analysis was used to determine the qualitative composition of the gas-phase oxidation products. Decrease in the initial temperature of intense oxidation contributed to a decrease in the intensity of NO x release in the region of high temperature oxidation of the carbon residue.
It is shown that in the next-to-leading approximation of N=4 SUSY the BFKL equation for two-gluon composite states in the adjoint representation of the gauge group can be reduced to a form which is invariant under Moebius transformation in the momentum space. The corresponding similarity transformation of its integral kernel is constructed in an explicit way.
unpolarized elastic scattering of charged leptons on protons, Rosenbluth cross section, soft-photon or ultrarelativistic approximations

new multipurpose event generator ESEPP, Monte Carlo simulation, lowest-order QED radiative corrections, first-order bremsstrahlung

useful for several significant ongoing and planned experiments
Intraverbal operant (i.e. intraverbal behavior) in B.F. Skinner’s concept is a class of verbal reactions that includes understanding what is read, holding conversations and answering questions, and also thoughts and memories. Intraverbals are the foundation for learning simple communications, developing academic skills and acquiring professional ones. Many persons with autism spectrum disorder experience considerable difficulties with intraverbal behavior, and there still is no technique that could teach them how to use it fully and functionally.

This research on the effectiveness of various types of prompts in educational trainings was aimed at optimizing teaching intraverbal behavior to children with ASD. The study analyzed how children develop the skill of answering questions in the context of textual and echoic prompts. The experiment with two subjects, children of different sexes aged 8 and 17 years diagnosed with ASD, revealed that textual prompts were more effective.

The difference in the effectiveness between textual and echoic prompts proved to be more significant for questions with several or many correct answers than in the case with simple questions having only one correct answer.
We discuss various experiments on e+e− → hadrons performed at the VEPP-2000 (the CMD-3 and SND detectors) and VEPP-4M (the KEDR detector) colliders in Novosibirsk.
Many research groups have developed various types of tissue-engineered cardiac constructs. However, the immunological properties of such artificial tissues are not yet fully understood. Previously, we developed microfiber scaffolds carrying human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CM).

In this work, we evaluated the ability of these tissue-engineered constructs to activate the expression of CD28 and CTLA-4 proteins on T lymphocytes, which are early markers of the immune response. For this purpose, electrospun PLA microfiber scaffolds were seeded with hiPSC-CM and cultured for 2 weeks. Allogeneic mononuclear cells were then co-cultured for 48 h with three groups of samples: bare scaffolds, pure cardiomyocyte culture and tissue-engineered constructs, followed by analysis of CD28/CTLA-4 expression on T lymphocytes using flow cytometry.

PLA scaffolds and concanavalin A stimulation (positive control) statistically significantly increased CD28 expression on CD4+ T cells (up to 61.3% and 66.3%) CD8+ T cells (up to 17.8% and 21.7%). CD28/CTLA-4 expression was not increased when T lymphocytes were co-cultured with cardiac tissue-engineered constructs and iPSC-CM monolayers. Thus, iPSC-CM in monolayers and on PLA microfiber scaffolds did not induce T cell activation, which suggests that such cardiac constructs would not be a cause of rejection after implantation.
The food-borne liver fluke Opisthorchis felineus is an epidemiologically important species and the causative agent of opisthorchiasis across an extensive territory of Eurasia. For decades, treatment of opisthorchiasis has been based on praziquantel. Tribendimidine could be an alternative drug that has been successfully tested for Opisthorchis viverrini and Clonorchis sinensis infections.

We aimed to assess tribendimidine effects in comparison with praziquantel in vivo and in vitro against the liver fluke Opisthorchis felineus. In this study we (i) calculated half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) by motility tests against O. felineus adults and newly excysted metacercarie after tribendimidine treatment in vitro; (ii) determined whether tribendimidine and PZQ effects on adult liver flukes are dependent on or mediated by white blood cells; and (iii) tested in vivo the anthelmintic activity of tribendimidine on juvenile and adult worms.

We found that the efficiency of tribendimidine in vitro was similar (IC50 = 0.23 μM for newly excysted metacercariae and 0.19 μM for adult worms) to that of praziquantel (IC50 0.98 μM for newly excysted metacercariae and 0.47 μM for adult worms). The treatment of adult worms in vivo with praziquantel or tribendimidine at 400 mg/kg resulted in a 76% and 77.2% reduction, respectively, in the worm burden during chronic infection. The differences between WBR values after PZQ and TBN treatment were not significant, thus tribendimidine was as effective as praziquantel against O. felineus liver flukes. Given the broad-spectrum activity of tribendimidine and efficacy against O. felineus, this drug may be a promising candidate for the treatment of opisthorchiasis felinea and other liver fluke infections.