Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Abundant multiphase solid inclusions (MSI) were found in garnet in an ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) paragneiss from the Kokchetav complex, Kazakhstan. The MSI are composed of mineral associations that include rock-forming and accessory minerals, which crystallized during exhumation. We present experimental and analytical protocols for how such inclusions can be homogenized to glass and analysed for major and trace elements. After homogenization we identified two types of glass. One type is present in garnet porphyroblasts in the melanocratic part of the sample and represents a high-pressure melt formed close to peak conditions of >45 kbar, 1000°C. These inclusions are characterized by high concentrations of light rare earth elements (LREE), Th and U. Extraction of these melts resulted in a pronounced depletion of the Kokchetav gneisses in those elements. Measured partition coefficients of large ion lithophile elements (LILE) between phengite inclusions and melt inclusions are DRb = 1·9–2·5, DBa = 1·1–6·9 and DCs = 0·6–0·8, resulting in limited depletion of these elements during partial melting in the presence of phengite. The Nb concentration in melts (27 ppm) is about double that in the restite (15 ppm), indicating slightly incompatible behaviour during UHP anatexis, despite the presence of residual accessory rutile and phengite. A second type of inclusion occurs in garnet from the leucocratic part of the rock and represents a late-stage melt formed during exhumation at 650–750°C and crustal pressures. These inclusions are characterized by low LREE and Nb and high U. Zircon domains formed during high-temperature melting are characterized by high Ti content (100–300 ppm) and unfractionated Th/U (0·4–0·8), whereas the low-temperature domains display low Ti (10 ppm) and Th/U (0·08). The composition of UHP melts with moderate enrichment in LILE, no depletion in Nb and extreme enrichment in LREE and Th is remarkably different from the trace element signature of arc basalts, arguing against involvement of this type of melting in the generation of arc crust. The composition of the UHP melt inclusions is similar to that of melt inclusions from HP crustal xenoliths from Pamir and also to some shoshonites from Tibet. UHP anatexis, as observed in the Kokchetav massif, might be related to the formation of shoshonitic alkaline igneous rocks, which are common in collisional settings.
This paper describes a new multipurpose event generator, ESEPP, which has been developed for the Monte Carlo simulation of unpolarized elastic scattering of charged leptons on protons. The generator takes into account the lowest-order QED radiative corrections to the Rosenbluth cross section including first-order bremsstrahlung without using the soft-photon or ultrarelativistic approximations. ESEPP can be useful for several significant ongoing and planned experiments.
Physical systems with co-existence and interplay of processes featuring distinct spatio-temporal scales are found in various research areas ranging from studies of brain activity to astrophysics. Complexity of such systems makes their theoretical and experimental analysis technically and conceptually challenging.

Here, we discover that radiation of partially mode-locked fibre lasers, while being stochastic and intermittent on short time scale, exhibits periodicity and long scale correlations over slow evolution from one round trip to another. The evolution mapping of intensity auto-correlation function allows us to reveal variety of spatio-temporal coherent structures and to experimentally study their symbiotic co-existence with stochastic radiation. Our measurements of interactions of noisy pulses over a time scale of thousands of non-linear lengths demonstrate that they have features of incoherent temporal solitons.

Real-time measurements of spatio-temporal intensity dynamics are set to bring new insight into rich underlying nonlinear physics of practical active- and passive-cavity photonic systems.
In this work, we investigate variations of surface potentials along a single gallium phosphide (GaP) nanowire (NW) synthesized with a mixed crystal phase along the growth direction. GaP NWs synthesized with both wurtzite (WZ) and zincblende (ZB) phases were studied.

The measurements were performed on a standard Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) set-up equipped with Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (KPFM) module in PeakForce Tapping Mode. KPFM Measurements from two structures were analyzed.

Variations of surface potentials were observed in a single GaP NW with WZ/ZB segments. An average difference in surface potential was 55 ± 11 mV. This is explained by different crystal structures along the NW. The work expands the understanding of crystal structure-dependent electrical transport properties of GaP NWs.
The impact of uneven heating on a satellite structure in low Earth orbit has been considered using the example of 3U CubeSat.

The calculations showed that the thermal deformation of CubeSat structure in orbit caused a deviation between normals to opposite small satellite sides of about 0.03°.

Such a deviation is commensurate with the required satellite pointing accuracy approximately 0.1° necessary for satellite laser communication. It means that to solve similar problems in the CubeSat designing that require such or better CubeSat pointing accuracy, it is necessary to take into account the expected satellite structure thermal deformation.
Electrophysical characteristics of a low–frequency (100 kHz) low–pressure (10–100 Pa) argon inductive discharge with ferrite cores have been investigated for discharge currents of 1–50 A, discharge chamber diameter of 230 mm.

The dependencies of electric field strength on the argon pressure and discharge current were measured. Radial profiles of electron density and temperature were determined with double electric probes. Experimental results were compared with numerical results obtained by a self-consistent kinetic model of the low-frequency ICP, based on the simultaneous solution of a non-local Boltzmann equation for electron energy distribution function and balance equations for the metastable argon atoms density and gas temperature.

Comparison of numerical and experimental results is presented.
Nimorazole belongs to the imidazole-based family of antibiotics to fight against anaerobic bacteria. Moreover, nimorazole is now in Phase 3 clinical trial in Europe for potential use as a hypoxia radiosensitizer for treatment of head and neck cancers.

We envision the use of [
Characteristics of wild peas and their habitats at the periphery of the range are interesting with respect to their potential importance for pre-breeding programs aimed at selection for different environmental conditions. However, wild pea diversity in peripheral regions is insufficiently represented in the existing germplasm collections. In such regions, wild pea populations are rare, small in size and suffer from climatic change and land exploitation, hence their focused search is strongly desirable. A two-week-long expedition to Iran in May 2017 revealed two small populations of the wild pea (Pisum sativum subsp. elatius) in the Zagros Mts, in Aligudarz and Khorramabad Districts of Lorestan Province, Iran, at elevations of 1841 and 1971 m a.s.l., respectively. Their habitats are briefly described. Two pea accessions derived from them, CE9 and CE10, were characterised for some visible and molecular characters. These peas appeared to belong to the evolutionary lineage B, recognised by us earlier in P sativum as opposed to the so-called lineage AC. They contain a unique non-conservative substitution in subtype 5 of histone H1 and turned to be most related to some wild pea accessions originating from southern and south-eastern Turkey and Golan Heights. Scarce information available on wild pea occurrence in Iran suggests their existence in the south-western principal slope of Zagros Mts and southern principal slopes of Elborz and Kopet Dagh Mts. It was found that wild peas representing the evolutionary lineage B produce poorly open and poorly coloured flowers (as reported by us earlier) only in the greenhouse conditions but normally pigmented and open flowers in the wild and mesh houses at open air in Israel. Some issues of pea taxonomy are discussed.
DNA repair capacity in cells of naked mole rat (Hgl), a species known for its longevity and resistance to cancer, is still poorly characterized.Here, using the whole-cell extracts (WCEs) of Hgl, mouse and human cells, we studied the interrelation between DNA synthesis on the substrates of base excision repair and the activity of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) responsible for the transfer of the ADP-ribose moieties onto different targets.The level of PAR synthesis was more than ten-fold higher in human WCE as compared to rodent WCEs, while the efficiency of DNA synthesis was comparable.Under conditions of PAR synthesis, the efficiency of DNA synthesis was only slightly enhanced in all extracts and in mouse WCEs unusual products of the primer elongation were detected.The results obtained with WCEs, recombinant proteins and recently found ability of PARPs to attach the ADP-ribose moieties to DNA allowed us to attribute these products to primer mono(ADPribosyl)ation (MARylation) at the 5ʹ-terminal phosphate by PARP3 during the DNA synthesis.PARP1/PARP2 can then transfer the ADP-ribose moieties onto initial ADP-ribose.Our results suggest that MARylation/PARylation of DNA in the extracts depends on the ratios between PARPs and can be controlled by DNA-binding proteins.
This paper discusses the experience of developing a web resource intended to study argumentation in popular science discourse. Such type of argumentation is, on the one hand, the main mean of achieving a communicative goal and, on the other hand, often not expressed in explicit form.

The web resource is built around a corpus of 2256 articles, distributed over 13 subcorpora. The annotation model, which is based on the ontology of argumentation and D. Walton's argumentation schemes for presumptive reasoning, underlies the argument annotation of the corpus. The distinctive features of the argument annotation model are the introduction of weighting characteristics into text markup through assessing the persuasiveness of the argumentation, as well as highlighting argumentative indicators visually. The paper considers a scenario of argument annotation of texts, which allows constructing an argumentative graph based on the typical reasoning schemes. The scenario includes a number of procedures that enable the annotator to check the quality of the text markup and assess the persuasiveness of the argumentation.

The authors have annotated 162 texts, using the developed web resource, and as a result, identified the most frequent schemes of argumentation (Example Inference, Cause to Effect Inference, Expert Opinion Inference), as well as described some specific indicators of frequent schemes. Based on the above-mentioned outcomes, the authors listed the indicators of the most frequent schemes of argumentation and made some recommendations for annotators about identifying the main thesis.
The dynamics of the gauge vortex with arbitrary form of a contour is considered in the framework of the nonrelativistic Abelian Higgs model, including the possibility of the gauge field interaction with the fermion asymmetric background. The equations for the time derivatives of the curvature and the torsion of the vortex contour generalizing the Betchov-Da Rios equations in hydrodynamics, are obtained. They are applied to study the conservation of helicity of the gauge field forming the vortex, twist, and writhe numbers of the vortex contour. It is shown that the conservation of helicity is broken when both terms in the equation of the vortex motion are present, first due to the exchange of excitations of the phase and modulus of the scalar field and the second one due to the coupling of the gauge field forming the vortex, with the fermion asymmetric background.
Introduction. Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Well-known cardiovascular risk scales underestimate the possibility of the onset of cardiovascular complications and do not take into account the peculiarities of inflammatory rheumatic diseases. To improve risk stratification and timely prevention, it is necessary to study the risk factors associated with damage to the cardiovascular system in AS. Objective. To study the risk factors associated with carotid atherosclerotic lesions in ankylosing spondylitis. Material and Methods. The study included 32 male patients with AS who underwent a general clinical examination. In these patients, traditional factors of cardiovascular risk were identified; the activity and functional status of the disease were determined. To identify atherosclerotic lesions of the carotid arteries, Doppler ultrasound was used to measure carotid intima-media thickness and to identify atherosclerotic plaques. Results. The carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in the group was 0.9 mm [0.7; 1.2]; the median age was 38.2 years [32.0; 43.5]. With the application of age and sex norms, an increase in CIMT was observed in 80.6% of patients. The correlation analysis of the structure of traditional risk factors demonstrated the significant associations of CIMT with age ( r = 0.609, р < 0.0001), body mass index ( r = 0.439, p = 0.013), glucose level ( r = 0.528, p = 0.002), triglycerides ( r = 0.458, p = 0.010), and total cholesterol ( r = 0.398, p = 0.027). High rates of smoking (6 out of 16 against 14 out of 16, χ 2 = 7.888, p = 0.009) and arterial hypertension (4 out of 16 against 10 out of 16, χ 2 = 7.630, p = 0.009) were found mostly in the group with increased CIMT. No significant differences and relationships of CIMT with disease activity indicators and antirheumatic therapy were revealed. Significant relationships were found between the atherosclerotic lesions of the carotid arteries in patients with AS with the duration of the disease ( r = 0.370, p = 0.041) and functional status assessed using the BASFI index ( r = 0.507, p = 0.004). Conclusions . The study revealed a high prevalence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors among patients with AS, as well as the significant associations of the duration of the disease and the degree of functional impairment with the formation of carotid atherosclerotic lesions. The results of the study suggest that a more thorough assessment of CVD risk, as well as the use of additional objective criteria, are necessary for patients with AS.
Se propone a continuación una revisión estratigráfica del Criogénico terminal, el Ediacárico y el Cámbrico temprano en la Platafora Siberiana. Todas las unidades estratigráficas neoproterozoicas tardías llenan la cuenca remanente de Sayan. El registro sedimentario se adscribe al grupo Criogénico terminal y Ediacárico de Oselok y a la formación inferior cámbrica Ust’-Tagul. Se pueden subdividir en miembros a partir de su característico contenido en Dickinsonia.
The influence of the surface modification of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) with nitrogen-containing compounds on the performance of 40 wt% Pt/MWCNT catalysts in the oxygen electroreduction reaction (ORR)

was investigated using a rotating disk electrode (RDE) at 10–35 °C in 0.1 M HClO4 as electrolyte in electrochemical cell, and in a hydrogen–oxygen polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) at 82 °C. The catalysts were characterized by low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, XPS, TEM, gas-phase CO titration, electrooxidation of the adsorbed CO monolayer, and cyclic voltammetry.

It was shown that the modification of MWCNT with melamine–formaldehyde resin leads to the surface nitrogen concentration up to 8.3 at.% (CNT-MF sample). The 40 wt% Pt/CNT-MF catalyst with 0.1 mg cm−2 Pt loading on the cathode showed a good performance in PEMFC (~ 0.61 W cm−2) and a high utilization ratio (0.84) of Pt in membrane electrode assembly as compared to Pt/CNT catalyst (~ 0.37 W cm−2 and utilization of 0.29). The higher power density of nitrogen-modified catalysts was ascribed to a higher utilization of Pt in the electrode layer.
IgGs from patients with multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) purified on MBP-Sepharose in contrast to canonical proteases hydrolyze effectively only myelin basic protein (MBP), but not many other tested proteins.

Here we have shown for the first time that anti-MBP SLE IgGs hydrolyze nonspecific tri- and tetrapeptides with an extreme low efficiency and cannot effectively hydrolyze longer 20-mer nonspecific oligopeptides corresponding to antigenic determinants (AGDs) of HIV-1 integrase. At the same time, anti-MBP SLE IgGs efficiently hydrolyze oligopeptides corresponding to AGDs of MBP. All sites of IgG-mediated proteolysis of 21-and 25-mer encephalytogenic oligopeptides corresponding to two known AGDs of MBP were found by a combination of reverse-phase chromatography, TLC, and MALDI spectrometry. Several clustered major, moderate, and minor sites of cleavage were revealed in the case of 21- and 25-mer oligopeptides.

The active sites of anti-MBP abzymes are localised on their light chains, while heavy chains are responsible for the affinity of protein substrates. Interactions of intact globular proteins with both light and heavy chains of abzymes provide high affinity to MBP and specificity of this protein hydrolysis. The affinity of anti-MBP abzymes for intact MBP is approximately 1000-fold higher than for the oligopeptides. The data suggest that all oligopeptides interact mainly with the light chains of different monoclonal abzymes of total pool of IgGs, which possesses a lower affinity for substrates, and therefore, depending on the oligopeptide sequences, their hydrolysis may be less specific than globular protein and can occur in several sites.
In present the elasticity and plasticity are absolutely different models of solids, which are not relate to each other. The experimental observations show, that the plasticity arrives and localizes on the surfaces of structures, which contain solid samples. The transition in special state, where a small part of solid volume is in plastic state, while the main part of volume is in elastic state not be describe by classical continuum Cauchy and Poisson model. This classical model requires two alternative states. Either is elastic state in the all volume or plastic one for all elementary volume too.

However, the structured model of space gives us a possibility to describe this complicate state. In this paper shown that the sliding surfaces divided to each other by distances equal to the average sizes of microstructures, in the contrary of classical plasticity, where they have not characteristic distance.

The energy of plastic transition is very small, because the main part of volume is elastic body. This description means the smooth transition from elasticity to plasticity in vicinity of sliding surfaces.
This paper uses Covasim, an agent-based model (ABM) of COVID-19, to evaluate and scenarios of epidemic spread in New York State (USA), the UK, and the Novosibirsk region (Russia). Epidemiological parameters such as contagiousness (virus transmission rate), initial number of infected people, and probability of being tested depend on the region's demographic and geographical features, the containment measures introduced; they are calibrated to data about COVID-19 spread in the region of interest. At the first stage of our study, epidemiological data (numbers of people tested, diagnoses, critical cases, hospitalizations, and deaths) for each of the mentioned regions were analyzed. The data were characterized in terms of seasonality, stationarity, and dependency spaces, and were extrapolated using machine learning techniques to specify unknown epidemiological parameters of the model. At the second stage, the Optuna optimizer based on the tree Parzen estimation method for objective function minimization was applied to determine the model's unknown parameters. The model was validated with the historical data of 2020. The modeled results of COVID-19 spread in New York State, the UK and the Novosibirsk region have demonstrated that if the level of testing and containment measures is preserved, the number of positive cases in New York State and the Novosibirsk region will remain the same during March of 2021, while in the UK it will reduce. Due to the features of the data for the Novosibirsk region (two datasets are characterized as stationary series with probability of 1), the forecast precision is relatively high for the number of hospitalizations, but is lower for new cases of COVID-19.
Autophagy is a dynamic cellular process involved in the turnover of proteins, protein complexes, and organelles through lysosomal degradation. It is particularly important in neurons, which do not have a proliferative option for cellular repair. Autophagy has been shown to be suppressed in the striatum of a transgenic mouse model of Parkinson’s disease. Cystatin C is one of the potent regulators of autophagy. Changes in the expression and secretion of cystatin C in the brain have been shown in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, and in some animal models of neurodegeneration, thus proving a protective function of cystatin C. It has been suggested that cystatin C plays the primary role in amyloidogenesis and shows promise as a therapeutic agent for neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases). Cystatin C colocalizes with the amyloid β-protein in the brain during Alzheimer’s disease. Controlled expression of a cystatin C peptide has been proposed as a new approach to therapy for Alzheimer’s disease. In Parkinson’s disease, serum cystatin C levels can predict disease severity and cognitive dysfunction, although the exact involvement of cystatin C remains unclear.

The aim: to study the role of cystatin C in neurodegeneration and evaluate the results in relation to the mechanism of autophagy. In our study on humans, a higher concentration of cystatin C was noted in cerebrospinal fluid than in serum; much lower concentrations were observed in other biological fluids (intraocular fluid, bile, and sweat). In elderly persons (61–80 years old compared to practically healthy people at 40–60 years of age), we revealed increased cystatin C levels both in serum and intraocular fluid. In an experiment on C57Bl/6J mice, cystatin C concentration was significantly higher in brain tissue than in the liver and spleen: an indication of an important function of this cysteine protease inhibitor in the brain. Using a transgenic mouse model of Parkinson’s disease (5 months old), we demonstrated a significant increase in osmotic susceptibility of brain lysosomes, depending on autophagy, while in a murine model of Alzheimer’s disease, this parameter did not differ from that in the appropriate control.
Rationale: Lung cancer is the leader in high mortality rates among other malignancies. This is largely due to the asymptomatic course of the disease and, as a consequence, to its late diagnosis. To optimize the oncology service of the Novosibirsk region in terms of diagnosis, treatment, follow-up and management of this patient category, it seems prudent to study the epidemiological characteristics of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with consideration of its histologic types.

Aim: To perform the survival analysis in patients with squamous cell lung cancer (SCLC) and adenocarcinoma of the lung (ACL) depending on their age, sex and disease stage. Materials and methods: We analyzed medical files of patients diagnosed with SCLC (n = 3007) and ACL (n = 3049) who were treated in the Novosibirsk Regional Oncologic Dispensary from 2015 to 2019. The study included 4758 men and 1298 women (mean age, 68 years; men 66.8 years, women 69.1 years).

Conclusion: The analysis of survival of the patients with SCLC and ACL in the Novosibirsk region has shown that the disease stage and age significantly impact the median survival. These are the characteristic features of the general morbidity and mortality from NSCLC.