Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Cardiac hypertrophy accompanies many forms of cardiovascular diseases. The mechanisms behind the development and regulation of cardiac hypertrophy in the human setting are poorly understood, which can be partially attributed to the lack of a human cardiomyocyte-based preclinical test system recapitulating features of diseased myocardium. The objective of our study is to determine whether human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hESC-CMs) subjected to mechanical stretch can be used as an adequate in vitro model for studying molecular mechanisms of cardiac hypertrophy. We show that hESC-CMs subjected to cyclic stretch, which mimics mechanical overload, exhibit essential features of a hypertrophic state on structural, functional, and gene expression levels. The presented hESC-CM stretch approach provides insight into molecular mechanisms behind mechanotransduction and cardiac hypertrophy and lays groundwork for the development of pharmacological approaches as well as for discovering potential circulating biomarkers of cardiac dysfunction.
This work has shown spin selectivity in electron transfer (ET) of diastereomers of (R,S)-naproxen-(S)-N-methylpyrrolidine and (R,S)-naproxen-(S)-tryptophan dyads. Photoinduced ET in these dyads is interesting because of the still unexplained phenomenon of stereoselectivity in the drug activity of enantiomers.

The chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (CIDNP) enhancement coefficients of (R,S)-diastereomers are double those of the (S,S)-analogue. The difference in HFI values for diastereomers has been confirmed by a comparison of CIDNP experimental enhancement coefficients with those calculated. Additionally, the dependence of the CIDNP enhancement coefficients on diastereomer concentration has been observed for the naproxen-N-methylpyrrolidine dyad. The possibility of dyad dimer formation has been demonstrated by using high-resolution X-ray and NMR spectroscopy techniques.

Therefore, CIDNP reflects the difference in magnetoresonance parameters (hyperfine interaction constants (HFIs), g-factor difference) and lifetimes of the paramagnetic forms of (R,S)- and (S,S)-diastereomers. This has been explained by the participation of ET in homo-(R,S-R,S or S,S-S,S) and hetero-(R,S-S,S) dimers of dyads. In this case, the effectivity of ET, and consequently, CIDNP, is supposed to be different for (R,S)- and (S,S)-homodimers, heterodimers, and monomers.
Different generation modes of all-positive-dispersion all-fibre Yb laser mode-locked due to effect of non-linear polarization evolution are investigated.

For the first time we realized in the same laser both generation of single picoseconds pulse train and a newly observed lasing regime where generated are picosecond wave-packets, each being a train of femtosecond sub-pulses. Using both experimental results and numerical modeling we discuss in detail the mechanisms of laser mode-locking and switching of generation regimes and show a strong dependence of output laser characteristics on configuration of polarization controllers.

A good qualitative agreement between experimental results and numerical modeling is demonstrated.
Aim of the study was to evaluate the serum concentrations of three marker lysosomal hydrolases (cathepsin D, acid phosphatase (AP) and acid DNase (aDNAase)) in women with coronary heart disease (CHD) depending on the level of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone (T), age and find if those parameters associated with anthropometric parameters, glycemia, insulinemia and HOMA-IR index, biomarkers of atherosclerosis.

The study included 285 women aged 35–65 years (median age was 54.4 years (25% and 75% percentiles — 43.2 and 61.3 years, respectively) who had had myocardial infarction no earlier than 30 days before the examination. Patients were divided into the following age groups: 35–55 and 56–65 years (first and second age groups, respectively), and into groups according to the levels of sex hormones: FSH ≥ and <30 mIU/mL and testosterone ≥ and <3 nmol/L.

Results of comparative and correlation analyzes demonstrates that in women 35–65 years old with FSH ≥30 mIU/mL, the levels of cathepsin D are higher (p<0.05) than in patients with FSH <30 mIU/mL, and in women 35–55 years old, the content of AP was also higher (p=0.025). Associations of a high level of androgen with lysosomal hyperenzymemia were demonstrated only in the second age group, where at a level of T ≥3 nmol/L, higher values of all three lysosomal enzymes were recorded. Multivariate analysis in both age groups is confirmed direct impact of periand postmenopausal periods on the levels of lysosomal enzymemia and, accordingly, a negative effect on the state of lysosomal membranes. Thus, FSH levels directly determined the concentrations of AP and cardiotropic cathepsin D. The levels of aDNAase in women with CHD of 56–65 years of age were positively correlated with indicators that determine insulin-glucose homeostasis: glycemia (p<0.001), HOMA-IR index (p<0.001). Such associations of three marker lysosomal enzymes demonstrate the primary contribution of FSH ≥30 mIU/mL to an increase in the concentration of lysosomal hydrolases in women with CHD35–65 years old and the correlation of aDNAase with the processes triggered by insulin resistance.
The effective gating of topological insulators is demonstrated, through the coupling of molecules to their surface. By using electric fields, they allow for dynamic control of the interface charge state by adding or removing single electrons. This process creates a robust transconductance bistability resembling a single-electron transistor. These findings make hybrid molecule/topological interfaces functional elements while at the same time pushing miniaturization to its ultimate limit. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
For the numerical solution of the Navier-Stokes equations, written in an integral form, an implicit of finite-volume algorithm is proposed, which is a generalization of previously proposed differences schemes.

Using the integral form of equations allowed to ensure its conservatism, and the technology of splitting — the economy of the algorithm.

The numerical test of the algorithm on the exact solution, in problems about the viscosity flow in the cavern with a moving lid and the current of the heated walls of the channel, confirmed the sufficient accuracy of the algorithm and its effectiveness. The work is presented in the issue of the memory of Prof. Yu.Ya. Belov
General features of spontaneous baryogenesis are studied. The relation between the time derivative of the (pseudo) Goldstone field and the baryonic chemical potential is revisited. It is shown that this relation essentially depends upon the representation chosen for the fermionic fields with nonzero baryonic number (quarks). The calculations of the cosmological baryon asymmetry are based on the kinetic equation generalized to the case of nonstationary background. The effects of the finite interval of the integration over time are also taken into consideration. All these effects combined lead to a noticeable deviation of the magnitude of the baryon asymmetry from the canonical results.
The motion of atoms in a dark magneto-optical lattice is considered. This lattice is formed by a non-uniformly polarized laser field in the presence of a static magnetic field. Cold atoms are localized in the vicinity of points where dark states are not destroyed by a magnetic field. As a result, the optical interaction tends to zero (dark or grey lattices). Depending on the field configuration such a lattice can exhibit one-dimensional (1D) or two-dimensional (2D) periodicity. It is shown that in 1D and 2D dark magneto-optical lattices the effects connected with the Bose statistics of particles can be observed under temperatures 10-5-10-6 K and densities 1011-1012 cm-3, i.e. those that are usual for current experiments on laser cooling.
This paper presents a multiple suppression algorithm based on the decomposition of seismic data into wave packets. The algorithm is based on high-resolution Radon transform and Gaussian wave packets transform. High-resolution Radon transform allows you to separate single and multiple reflected waves due to the increased resolution of the transformation in comparison with the standard approach. Having selected multiples in the Radon region, the task is set to correctly subtract them from the original seismic record. Decomposition into Gaussian wave packets allows adaptive subtraction of multiple reflected waves from a seismic record, including those in interference zones, without losing the target signal. The algorithm was tested on synthetic and real data. Testing shows effective multiple attenuation comparable to those used in seismic data processing software.
The work deals with the experimental study of the aerodynamic structure of a swirling flow in the isothermal model of two-stage vortex combustion chamber.

Data on flow visualization are presented for two patterns of flow swirling. Time-averaged profiles of the axial and tangential velocity components are obtained with the help of laser-Doppler anemometer.

In the case of flow co-swirling between two stages of the working section, instability of a secondary flow in the form of precessing vortex was distinguished. For the regime with counter flow swirling, effective mixing of the swirl flows was found; this was reflected by formation of the flow with uniform distribution of axial velocity over the cross-section.
Recently a two-step process has been proposed for the double-pionic fusion to deuterium pn(I=0)→dπ+π−. Its calculation is solely based on total cross section data for the two sequential single-pion production steps pn(I=0)→ppπ− followed by pp→dπ+.

Though this sequential process was aimed to explain the dibaryon resonance ⁎d⁎(2380) peak in double-pionic fusion, we demonstrate that this is not the case.

It rather fits to a possible broad bump at 2.31 GeV in the energy dependence of the pn→dπ0π0 reaction, which was recently interpreted as a consequence of dibaryonic excitations in isoscalar single-pion production.
The experimental results on the ratios of branching fractions R(D)=B(B[over ¯]→Dτ^{-}ν[over ¯]_{τ})/B(B[over ¯]→Dℓ^{-}ν[over ¯]_{ℓ}) and R(D^{*})=B(B[over ¯]→D^{*}τ^{-}ν[over ¯]_{τ})/B(B[over ¯]→D^{*}ℓ^{-}ν[over ¯]_{ℓ}), where ℓ denotes an electron or a muon, show a long-standing discrepancy with the standard model predictions, and might hint at a violation of lepton flavor universality. We report a new simultaneous measurement of R(D) and R(D^{*}), based on a data sample containing 772×10^{6} BB[over ¯] events recorded at the ϒ(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB e^{+}e^{-} collider. In this analysis the tag-side B meson is reconstructed in a semileptonic decay mode and the signal-side τ is reconstructed in a purely leptonic decay. The measured values are R(D)=0.307±0.037±0.016 and R(D^{*})=0.283±0.018±0.014, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic. These results are in agreement with the standard model predictions within 0.2, 1.1, and 0.8 standard deviations for R(D), R(D^{*}), and their combination, respectively. This work constitutes the most precise measurements of R(D) and R(D^{*}) performed to date as well as the first result for R(D) based on a semileptonic tagging method.
With the help of advanced optical system having high spatial and time resolution

the dynamics of microbubbles was investigated during nucleate boiling of subcooled water flow in a mini-channel under localized heating from the wall. The data on the bubble dynamics was successfully generalized using available correlations from the literature. Data on the critical heat flux was obtained for different channel heights.

Substantial discrepancy in maximum bubble diameters was observed for the same experimental conditions. However, the growth rate for different bubbles within first 0.1 ms of their life time is almost the same. A considerable effect of the channel height on the critical heat flux was found.
The results of experimental and theoretical modeling of free-convection flows in the melt of the plume conduit and in the mushroom-shaped head are presented. It was shown that the plumes with the mushroom-shaped heads can be responsible for the batholith formation. The main parameters of such plumes are estimated.
Problems and their solutions of the Fifth International Students' Olympiad in cryptography NSUCRYPTO'2018 are presented. We consider problems related to attacks on ciphers and hash functions, Boolean functions, quantum circuits, Enigma, etc.

We discuss several open problems on orthogonal arrays, Sylvester matrices and disjunct matrices.

The problem of existing an invertible Sylvester matrix whose inverse is again a Sylvester matrix was completely solved during the Olympiad.
Animal domestications have led to a shared spectrum of striking behavioral and morphological changes. To recapitulate this process, silver foxes have been selectively bred for tame and aggressive behaviors for over 50 generations at the Institute for Cytology and Genetics in Novosibirsk, Russia. To understand the genetic basis and molecular mechanisms underlying the phenotypic changes, we profiled gene expression level and coding SNP allele frequencies in two brain tissues from 12 aggressive and 12 tame foxes. Expression analysis revealed 146 genes in prefrontal cortex and 33 genes in basal forebrain that were differentially expressed (5% FDR). These candidates include genes in key pathways known to be critical to neurological processing, including the serotonin and glutamate receptor pathways. In addition, 295 of the 31,000 exonic SNPs show significant allele frequency differences between tame and aggressive population (1% FDR), including genes with a role in neural crest cell fate determination.
The possibility of physics beyond the standard model is studied. The requirement of finiteness of the zero point energy density and pressure or the requirement of the Lorentz invariance of the zero point stress-energy tensor in Minkowski space-time, implies regularization sum rules on the number of degrees of freedom and mass of fundamental particles spectrum. The consequences of these sum rules on the existence of particles beyond the standard model is studied. If these sum rules are to be satisfied, it is shown that some simple and minimal extensions of the standard model such as the two Higgs doublet model, right handed neutrinos, mirror symmetry can not be complete extensions in their current forms. The only exception is unbroken supersymmetry and maybe broken supersymmetry. A comparison between different regularization schemes is also done. It is shown that while all considered regularization schemes give a Lorentz invariant expression for the zero point stress-energy tensor in Minkowski space, their physical interpretations are quite different.
Lie symmetry analysis is applied to study the non-linear rotating shallow-water equations.

The 9-dimensional Lie algebra of point symmetries admitted by the model is found. It is shown that the rotating shallow-water equations can be transformed to the classical shallow-water model. The derived symmetries are used to generate new exact solutions of the rotating shallow-water equations. The symmetry reduction method is also used to obtain some invariant solutions of the model.

In particular, a new class of time-periodic solutions with quasi-closed particle trajectories is constructed and studied. Examples of these solutions are presented with a brief physical interpretation.
Motility is a key adaptation factor in scarce marine environments inhabited by bacteria. The question of how a capacity for adaptive migrations influences the success of a microbial population in various conditions is a challenge addressed in this study.

We employed the agent-based model of competition of motile and sedentary microbial populations in a confined aquatic environment supplied with a periodic batch nutrient source to assess the fitness of both. Such factors as nutrient concentration in a batch, batch period, mortality type and energetic costs of migration were considered to determine the conditions favouring different strategies: Nomad of a motile population and Settler of a sedentary one.

The modelling results demonstrate that dynamic and nutrient-scarce environments favour motile populations, whereas nutrient-rich and stagnant environments promote sedentary microorganisms. Energetic costs of migration determine whether or not the Nomad strategy of the motile population is successful, though it also depends on such conditions as nutrient availability. Even without penalties for migration, under certain conditions, the sedentary Settler population dominates in the ecosystem. It is achieved by decreasing the local nutrient availability near the nutrient source, as motile populations relying on a local optimizing strategy tend to follow benign conditions and fail, enduring stress associated with crossing the valleys of suboptimal nutrient availability.
Lactoferrin (LF) is a Fe 3+ ‐binding glycoprotein, first recognized in milk and then in other human epithelial secretions and barrier fluids. Many different functions have been attributed to LF, including protection from iron‐induced lipid peroxidation, immunomodulation and cell growth regulation, DNA binding, and transcriptional activation. Its physiological role is still unclear, but it has been suggested to be responsible for primary defense against microbial and viral infection.

We present evidence that different subfractions of purified human milk LF possess five different enzyme activities: DNase, RNase, ATPase, phosphatase, and malto‐oligosaccharide hydrolysis. LF is the predominant source of these activities in human milk. Some of its catalytically active subfractions are cytotoxic and induce apoptosis.

The discovery that LF possesses these activities may help to elucidate its many physiological functions, including its protective role against microbial and viral infection.
Status of several projects under development in Budker INP with GEM-based detectors for synchrotron radiation imaging and particle tracking is reviewed. These are namely: the detector for imaging of explosions(DIMEX) at SR beam, the detector for WAXS studies at SR beam (OD4), the triple-GEM detectors for the tagging system of KEDR experiment at VEPP-4M collider and the triple-GEM detectors for the tagging system of Deuteron experiment at VEPP-3 storage ring.
Two variants of differential phase-shift keying with π and π/2 shifts are compared theoretically. The expressions are derived for dispersion averaged over all the realisations of the bit sequence. It is shown that in the presence of strong optical filtering the π/2 scheme yields less dispersion of pulses and much better Q-factor in agreement with the experiment. The inequality is confirmed by numerical calculation.
Aim of the study was to investigate the associations of metabolic, behavioral, socio-economic risk factors and some molecular genetic markers with the risk of cardiovascular death (CVD) in persons with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) aged 45–69 years. Material and methods . The analysis included survey data from 681 participants with T2DM. The baseline survey was carried out within the framework of the HAPIEE project. The observation period lasted from 2003– 2005 to December 31, 2018 and averaged 14.7 ± 0.7 years. Persons who at the time of the baseline examination had an indication of a previous myocardial infarction and/or cerebral stroke were excluded from the analysis. The causes of CVD were determined according to the code International Classification of Diseases 10th revision – I (0–99). Within the framework of the study, 2 groups were formed: the main group, which included persons with T2DM who «developed fatal CV events» 2 207 people (107 men and 100 women) and a comparison group – persons with T2DM who «did not develop fatal CV events» for observation period – 474 people (177 men and 297 women). Indicators of anthropometry, blood pressure, socio-demographic data, some biochemical parameters and molecular genetic markers were determined. To analyze the association of the studied factors with the risk of CVD, multivariate stepwise Cox regression analysis was used. Results. The risk factors for CVD common for men and women were determined: age, increased SBP, current smoking, non-working status, fasting blood plasma glucose ≥ 7.5 mmol/L. For men, significant risk factors for CVD were also – heart rate ≥ 75 per minute, lonely status; for women – verified diabetes before the baseline examination. Carriage of the heterozygous AG genotype against the AA + GG rs2464196 HNF1A is associated with a reduced risk of fatal CV events in men, OR = 0.488 (95 % CI 0.254–0.941). Carriage of the heterozygous genotype AC rs11212617 ATM is associated with an increased risk of fatal CV events in both sexes. OR = 1.561 (95 % CI = 1.022–2.384). Conclusion . In men and women with T2DM over a 15-year follow-up, associations were found between the risk of fatal CV events with the level of both «traditional» and «diabetes-related» risk factors, as well as with the HNF1A rs2464196 and ATM rs11212617.
We present an analytic model for bolometric light curves which are powered by the interaction between supernova ejecta and a dense circumstellar medium. This model is aimed at modeling Type IIn supernovae to determine the properties of their supernova ejecta and circumstellar medium.

Our model is not restricted to the case of steady mass loss and can be applied broadly. We only consider the case in which the optical depth of the unshocked circumstellar medium is not high enough to affect the light curves. We derive the luminosity evolution based on an analytic solution for the evolution of a dense shell created by the interaction.

We compare our model bolometric light curves to observed bolometric light curves of three Type IIn supernovae (2005ip, 2006jd, 2010jl) and show that our model can constrain their supernova ejecta and circumstellar medium properties. Our analytic model is supported by numerical light curves from the same initial conditions.
We report on the first observation of B̄0→D1(2430)0ω, B̄0→D1(2420)0ω and B̄0→D2*(2460)0ω decays and determination of their rates as well as the fractions of longitudinal polarizations of the ω for these decays. We also discuss improved measurements of the B→DD*s0(2317) branching fractions with a search for isospin partners of the D*s0(2317)+ state, Z0 and Z++.

These measurements use a data sample containing 772 million BB̄ events collected at the ϒ(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e+e− collider.