Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
During the semicentennial history of Computer Science and Information Technologies, several thousands of computer languages have been created.The computer language universe includes languages for different purposes (programming, specification, modeling, etc.).In each of these branches of computer languages it is possible to track several approaches (imperative, declarative, object-oriented, etc.), disciplines of processing (sequential, non-deterministic, distributed, etc.), and formalized models, such as Turing machines or logic inference machines.Computer language paradigms are the basis for classification of the computer languages.They are based on joint attributes which allow us to differentiate branches in the computer language universe.

We have presented our computer-aided approach to the problem of computer language classification and paradigm identification in a recent paper Development of the Computer Language Classification Portal (Proc. of Ershov Informatics Conference PSI-2011, Lect.Not. in Comp.Sci., v.7162).In the present paper we discuss new developments of our project: (1) the pre-alpha version of the Portal is online, and (2) the reasoner is a model checking engine for a paraconsistent (inconsistencytolerant) description logic.
During a 2017 survey conducted in the Novosibirsk Region of Russia, about 600 specimens of Dolichopodidae were collected. Almost all 44 identified species are recorded for the first time in the Novosibirsk Region.
This work is devoted to the results of an experimental study of the impact of n-wave on heat transfer in a boundary layer of a flat plate at the Mach number 2. To generate N-wave into the flow, a roughness on the lower part of the nozzle of the test section of wind tunnel was used. As a result of the experiments, heat transfer data on the surface of a flat plate were obtained. A double longitudinal structure is shown in the form of a defect in temperature change caused by the interaction of two vortices with the surface of a flat plate model. The paper shows comparisons of the obtained distributions of the surface temperature difference in the cross section of the plate with measurements using a pitot tube and a constant temperature anemometer
We search for the decay B0s→γγ and measure the branching fraction for B0s→ϕγ using 121.4 fb−1 of data collected at the Υ(5S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e+e− collider.

The B0s→ϕγ branching fraction is measured to be (3.6±0.5(stat)±0.3(syst)±0.6(fs))×10−5, where fs is the fraction of B(*)s¯B(*)s in b¯b events.

Our result is in good agreement with the theoretical predictions as well as with a recent measurement from LHCb. We observe no statistically significant signal for the decay B0s→γγ and set a 90% confidence-level upper limit on its branching fraction at 3.1×10−6. This constitutes a significant improvement over the previous result.
The concept of the so-called computer capacity was proposed in 2012 and applied for analysis of processors of different kinds.

Here, we analyze the evolution of processors using the computer capacity as the main tool of analysis. Intel processors are used as the main example due to their high popularity and the accessibility of detailed description of all the technical characteristics.

It is shown that during the transition 'from old to new' the manufacturers change the parameters that affect the computer capacity. It allows us to predict the values of parameters of following processors.
On the basis of an unbiased structure prediction, it is shown that the stable form of NiSi under pressures of 100 and 200 GPa is the Pmmn structure. Furthermore, a new stable phase has been discovered: the deformed tetragonal CsCl-type structure with a = 2.174 Å and c = 2.69 Å at 400 GPa. Specifically, the sequence of high-pressure phase transitions is the following: the Pmmn structure below 213 GPa, the tetragonal CsCl type in the range 213–522 GPa, and cubic CsCl higher than 522 GPa. As the CsCl-type structure is considered as the model structure of the FeSi compound at the conditions of the Earth's core, this result implies restrictions on the Fe–Ni isomorphic miscibility in FeSi.
We report the karyotype characteristics including chromosome numbers of Saga campbelli campbelli, S. c. gracilis, and S. rammei using the following classical cytogenetic methods: C-banding, silver staining, and fluorochrome staining DAPI and CMA3.We also present FISH data showing the distribution of telomeric repeats and 18S rDNA on the chromosomes of these species and the results of similar studies cited in the literature on S. hellenica, S. natoliae, and S. rhodiensis.The five European Saga species exhibit a high rate of karyotype evolution.In addition to changes in chromosome number and morphology (by chromosomal inversion and/or chromosome fusion), interspecific autosomal differentiation involved changes in the distribution and quantity of constitutive heterochromatin and GC-rich regions, as well as the number and location of NORs.In the present study we focused on testing a hypothetical model of karyotype evolution in Saga, with particular reference to the cytogenetic mapping of rDNA and telomeric sequences.Variation in the distribution of rDNA and location of Ag-NORs are novel phylogenetic markers for the genus Saga.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are promising biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of various diseases. Quantitative PCR is the most frequently used method of measuring expression levels of miRNA. However, the lack of validated reference genes represents the main source of potential bias in results.

It is normal practice to use small nuclear RNAs as reference genes; however, they often have variable expression. Researchers tend to prefer the most stable reference genes in each experiment.

The review includes reference genes for the following tissue types: gliomas, lung cancer, melanoma, gastric cancer, liver cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer, thyroid cancer, ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, rectal cancer, blood tumors, and placental tissues.
We use a relativistic ionization front to provide various initial transverse wakefield amplitudes for the self-modulation of a long proton bunch in plasma.

We show experimentally that, with sufficient initial amplitude [≥(4.1±0.4) MV/m], the phase of the modulation along the bunch is reproducible from event to event, with 3%-7% (of 2π) rms variations all along the bunch. The phase is not reproducible for lower initial amplitudes. We observe the transition between these two regimes.

Phase reproducibility is essential for deterministic external injection of particles to be accelerated.
Glycyrrhizin or glycyrrhizic acid (GA) - triterpene glycoside extracted from licorice root - has been intensively studied over the past decade and is considered to be a potential drug delivery system. Glycyrrhizin was found to enhance the therapeutic effect of various drugs; however the detailed mechanism of these effects is still unknown and attracts the attention of researchers.

In this work, we have made an attempt to clarify the mechanism of Glycyrrhizin activity on molecular and cellular level. The influence of GA on the functional properties of biomembranes was investigated via NMR spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) using human erythrocytes as a model system.

GA was shown to increase the permeability (about 60%) and to decrease elasticity modulus of cell membranes (by an order of magnitude) even in micromolar concentrations. Changes on the erythrocyte surface were also detected by AFM. These results could provide a new insight on the mechanism of bioavailability enhancement of some drugs in the presence of glycyrrhizin, as well as the mechanism of its own biological activity. The role of cholesterol-glycyrrhizin binding in the observed effects is also discussed.
The development of nuclear spins hyperpolarization, and the search for molecules that can be efficiently hyperpolarized is an active area in nuclear magnetic resonance. In this work we present a detailed study of SABRE SHEATH (signal amplification by reversible exchange in shield enabled alignment transfer to heteronuclei) experiments on 15 N2 -azobenzene. In SABRE SHEATH experiments the nuclear spins of the target are hyperpolarized through transfer of spin polarization from parahydrogen at ultralow fields during a reversible chemical process. Azobenzene exists in two isomers, trans and cis. We show that all nuclear spins in cis-azobenzene can be efficiently hyperpolarized by SABRE at suitable magnetic fields. Enhancement factors (relative to 9.4 T) reach up to 3000 for 15 N spins and up to 30 for the 1 H spins. We compare two approaches to observe either hyperpolarized magnetization of 15 N/1 H spins, or hyperpolarized singlet order of the 15 N spin pair. The results presented here will be useful for further experiments in which hyperpolarized cis-15 N2 -azobenzene is switched by light to trans-15 N2 -azobenzene for storing the produced hyperpolarization in the long-lived spin state of the 15 N pair of trans-15 N2 -azobenzene.
Darcy Law is not mandatory condition for calculation of fluid flow velocity. This Law may be able for one porous subject geometry and not be able for another one.

In the paper established clear formulas, which relate permeability with porosity and specific surface of pore and cracks.

The role of permeability plays a ratio between of a cube of porosity and quadrat of pores and cracks specific surface.
Simulation the dynamics of gas-solid mixtures is crucial in many applications: chemical reactor design, evolution of circumstellar discs, etc. Such mixtures where gas is a carrier phase and solid grains are dispersed phase can be simulated as interpenetrating continuum media. The characteristic parameter of this problem is relaxation time between gas and dust velocities. In many applications this parameter varies significantly during the simulation (from small to unity). Moreover, the drag force can be non-linearly dependent on solids to gas relative velocity. These factors place high requirements on the numerical methods for such problems. We propose a novel non-iterative algorithm for Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics for computing gas-solid mixtures with exchange momentum between phases. Forces (except drag force) are approximated explicitly, while drag force is linearized and velocity relaxation time is approximated explicitly while relative velocity is approximated implicitly. The algorithm was tested on dynamical problems for dusty gas mixtures. It was shown that in the developed algorithm for stiff nonlinear drag we can use temporal and spatial resolution independent of drag parameters.
Analysis of the functional nature of mutations can be based on comparisons of their manifestation in organisms with a deletion or duplication of a particular chromosome segment.

With the use of reciprocal translocation T(16;17)43H, it is feasible to produce mice with tertiary trisomy of the proximal region of chromosome 17. The mutations on chromosome 17 we tested included brachyury (T), hairpin tail (Thp), kinky (Fuki), quaking (qk), tufted (tf), as well as tct (t complex tail interaction), and tcl (t complex lethal) that are specific to t haplotypes. The set of dominant and recessive mutations was assigned to two groups: one obligatory, manifesting itself in the phenotype independently of the number of normal alleles in di- and trisomics, and the other facultative, phenotypically manifesting itself depending upon the dosage of mutant alleles.

A model was derived from analysis of the interaction of the T and Thp mutations with t haplotypes. It seeks to explain the morphogenetic effects of the mutations observed in mice of different genotypes. The tir gene is postulated to reside on chromosome 17 within its framework. It is suggested that the gene dosage ratio at the tir and tct loci determines tail length.
This article presents an analysis of the historical role of Nestorian Christianity in China. Also, it considers new archaeological and epigraphic materials from the Nestorian burial grounds of the Yuan dynasty (the territory of the modern Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region). Despite some interest in spreading the teachings of the “Syrian Church” in Central and East Asia (the most famous example is the famous book “In Search of a Fictional Kingdom” by L. N. Gumilev) Russian science lacks publications related to the tangible Nestorians heritage located in the territory of modern China during its heyday (the Tang and Yuan dynasties). This paper is partially dedicated to partially filling this gap introducing brief data on the Wangmulian, Aolunsumu and Muhuerso-Buerga burial grounds. In addition, the authors paid attention to the interesting set of terms that the Chinese used in relation to the new religion.
Domestication and selective breeding has resulted in over 1000 extant cattle breeds. Many of these breeds do not excel in important traits but are adapted to local environments. These adaptations are a valuable source of genetic material for efforts to improve commercial breeds. As a step toward this goal we identified candidate regions to be under selection in genomes of nine Russian native cattle breeds adapted to survive in harsh climates. After comparing our data to other breeds of European and Asian origins we found known and novel candidate genes that could potentially be related to domestication, economically important traits and environmental adaptations in cattle. The Russian cattle breed genomes contained regions under putative selection with genes that may be related to adaptations to harsh environments (e.g., AQP5 , RAD50 , and RETREG1 ). We found genomic signatures of selective sweeps near key genes related to economically important traits, such as the milk production (e.g., DGAT1 , ABCG2 ), growth (e.g., XKR4 ), and reproduction (e.g., CSF2 ). Our data point to candidate genes which should be included in future studies attempting to identify genes to improve the extant breeds and facilitate generation of commercial breeds that fit better into the environments of Russia and other countries with similar climates.
Such fluids have non-symmetrical stress tensor and exhibit micro-rotations.

In this paper we derive equations of micropolar fluid with variable concentration of polar particles.

To illustrate the derived equations, we consider a pressure driven flow between two parallel planes.
Y-box-binding protein 1 (YB-1) is a multifunctional cellular factor overexpressed in tumors resistant to chemotherapy. An intrinsically disordered structure together with a high positive charge peculiar to YB-1 allows this protein to function in almost all cellular events related to nucleic acids including RNA, DNA and poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR).

In the present study we show that YB-1 acts as a potent poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) cofactor that can reduce the efficiency of PARP1 inhibitors. Similarly to that of histones or polyamines, stimulatory effect of YB-1 on the activity of PARP1 was significantly higher than the activator potential of Mg2+ and was independent of the presence of EDTA. The C-terminal domain of YB-1 proved to be indispensable for PARP1 stimulation.

We also found that functional interactions of YB-1 and PARP1 can be mediated and regulated by poly(ADP-ribose).
The main characteristics of coherent bremsstrahlung (CBS) for the Beijing Electron-Positron Collider are calculated. At this collider dNγ similar 3 × 108 dEγ/Eγ photons of CBS will be emitted for a single collision of the beams in the energy range Eγ240 eV. It seems that CBS can be a potential tool for optimizing collisions and measuring beam parameters. Indeed, the bunch length σz can be found from the CBS spectrum because critical energy Ec ∝ 1/σz; the horizontal transverse bunch size σx is related to dNγ ∝ 1/σ2x. In addition, CBS may be very useful for a fast control over an impact parameter R between the colliding bunch axes.
The work is devoted to the mathematical construction of the human bronchial tree, calculating the flow of gas in the lungs and modelling the deposition of drops of medicinal aerosols in the human bronchial tree.

Analytically built a symmetrical human bronchial tree. To calculate the flow of gas in the lungs and the deposition of aerosols, the method of phasing out the flow in one branch of the bronchial tree is used. Three-dimensional numerical calculations of air flow and aerosol droplets in human lungs were carried out.

It is shown that the number of past drops depends (except for the flow, size of drops) on the duration of inhalation.
Polyethylene and polymethylmethacrylate were irradiated with intense beam of high-energy electrons or with 'white' beam of synchrotron radiation with different doses. Results of changes in structure after irradiation ex situ and in situ during heating up to melting point for polyethylene are presented using synchrotron radiation X-Ray diffraction. Measurements were performed using SR from the VEPP-3 storage ring.
Ausgehend von [Cp*2Sm] konnten die Polyarsenide [(Cp*2Sm)2(μ-η2:η2-As2)] und [(Cp*2Sm)4As8], das größte molekulare Polyarsenid der f-Elemente, erhalten werden. Das Bild zeigt die Bildung der Polyarsenide As22− und As84− aus elementaren As0-Nanopartikeln (oben) und die Entstehung von As22− aus gelbem Arsen (As4) (unten). Details sind in der Zuschrift von P. W. Roesky und Mitarbeitern auf S. 4430 beschrieben.
The arrays formation of submicron- and micron-sized SiGe and Ge dielectric particles on the Si and SiO2 surfaces, which occur due to solid-state dewetting, is investigated.

The shape of the particles and their spatial distribution turned out to be strongly dependent on the crystallographic Si surface orientation, the amount of deposited Ge and the Ge deposition rate, as well as on the presence of a SiO2 film on the Si surface.

Possible applications of various surface morphologies with metasurface properties are discussed.
This article considers a short but very eventful chronological interval, including a demonstration organized by the opposition in honor of the tenth anniversary of the October Revolution and the decision to expel its leaders, G.E. Zinoviev and L.D. Trotsky, first from the Central Committee and then from the ranks of the Party.The main research focus is on Trotsky, because the series of crushing defeats, coupled with countless criticisms from various members of the majority faction, is a clear example of the rapid disavowal of opponent's role in a political confrontation.In order to make sense of this flow of mutual insinuations one has to draw upon and compare the individual elements of the three typologies of oblivion: "selective" and "repressive" oblivion by A. Assman, categories of the repressive erasure in the Paul Connerton system and finally "sins of Suggestibility and Bias" from D. Schacter's theory.As a source base the author used the stenographic report of the Joint Plenum of the Central Committee and Central Committee of the VKP(b) on October 21-23, polemical speeches of the opposition and majority faction, including those in the "Pravda" newspaper and "Bolshevik" magazine, grotesque depictions of the opposition in issues of "Krokodil", and the correspondence of various Party members.The author concludes that Trotsky's expulsion from the VKP(b) was the culmination of a transition from "selective" oblivion, i.e., the natural process of selective remembrance of past events, to "repressive" oblivion: the denial and falsification of "inconvenient" episodes and the use of flexible interpretations.
We investigate the fundamental problem of the nonlinear wavefield scattering data corrections in response to a perturbation of initial condition using inverse scattering transform theory. We present a complete theoretical linear perturbation framework to evaluate first-order corrections of the full set of the scattering data within the integrable one-dimensional focusing nonlinear Schr\"odinger (NLSE) equation. The general scattering data portrait reveals nonlinear coherent structures - solitons - playing the key role in the wavefield evolution. Applying the developed theory to a classic box-shaped wavefield we solve the derived equations analytically for a single Fourier mode acting as a perturbation to the initial condition, thus, leading to the sensitivity closed-form expressions for basic soliton characteristics, i.e. the amplitude, velocity, phase and its position. With the appropriate statistical averaging we model the soliton noise-induced effects resulting in compact relations for standard deviations of soliton parameters. Relying on a concept of a virtual soliton eigenvalue we derive the probability of a soliton emergence or the opposite due to noise and illustrate these theoretical predictions with direct numerical simulations of the NLSE evolution. The presented framework can be generalised to other integrable systems and wavefield patterns.
Remote sensing using hyperspectral cameras is an important technology for non-destructive monitoring of plant pigment composition, which is closely related to their physiological state or infection with pathogens. The paper presents the experience of using Specim IQ, a mobile hyperspectral camera, to study common root rot (the pathogen is the fungus Bipolaris sorokiniana Shoem.) affecting the seedlings of four wheat varieties and to analyze the pulp of potato tubers of 82 lines and varieties. Spectral characteristics were obtained for seedlings and the most informative spectral features (indices) for root rot detection were determined based on the data obtained. Seedlings of control variants in the visible part of the spectrum show an increase in reflectance with a small peak in the green area (about 550 nm), then a decrease due to light absorption by plant pigments with an extremum at a wavelength of about 680 nm. Analysis of histograms of vegetation index values demonstrated that the TVI and MCARI indices are the most informative for detecting the pathogen on wheat seedlings according to hyperspectral survey data. For potato samples, regions of the spectrum were found that correspond to local maxima and minima of reflection. It was shown that the spectra of potato varieties have the greatest differences within wavelength ranges of 900-1000 nm and 400-450 nm, which in the former case may be associated with the level of water content, and in the latter, with the formation of melanin in the tubers. It was shown that according to the characteristics of the spectrum, the samples studied are divided into three groups, each characterized by increased or reduced intensity levels for the specified parts of the spectrum. In addition, minima in the reflection spectra corresponding to chlorophyll a were found for a number of varieties. The results demonstrate the capabilities of the Specim IQ camera for conducting hyperspectral analyses of plant objects.
Scholar’s and mythological historical narratives coexist independently, but now they have been increasingly confused. To find ways to compare them and highlight the properties which distinguish them, we turn to P. Ricoeur's concept of triple mimesis. Narratives are cognitive tools, so they are almost omnipresent. Since there is nothing in the narrative that would distinguish one type from another, it is necessary to pay attention to how they function, to the ways of representing reality that use different types of narratives. For this, the article uses the concept of P. Ricoeur's mimetic circle, which takes into account not only the narrative dimension itself, but also its “depth”, the degree of approximation to reality.