Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Interaction of ultrashort laser pulses with transparent materials is a powerful technique of modification of material properties for various technological applications. The physics behind laser-induced modification phenomenon is rich and still far from complete understanding. We present an overview of our models developed to describe processes induced by ultrashort laser pulses inside and on the surface of bulk glass. The most sophisticated model consists of two parts. The first part solves Maxwell's equations supplemented by the rate and hydrodynamics equations for free electrons. The model resolves spatiotemporal dynamics of free-electron population and yields the absorbed energy map. The latter serves as an initial condition for thermoelastoplastic simulations of material redistribution. The simulations performed for a wide range of irradiation conditions have allowed to clarify timescales at which modification occurs after single laser pulses. Simulations of spectrum of laser light scattered by laser-generated plasma revealed considerable blueshifting which increases with pulse energy. To gain insight into temperature evolution of a glass material under the surface irradiation conditions, we employ a model based on the rate equation describing free electron generation coupled with the energy equations for electrons and lattice. Swift heating of electron and lattice subsystems to extremely high temperatures at fs timescale has been found at laser fluences exceeding the threshold fluence by 2-3 times that can result in efficient bremsstrahlung emission from the irradiation spot. The mechanisms of glass ablation with ultrashort laser pulses are discussed by comparing with the experimental data. Finally, a model is outlined, developed for multi-pulse irradiation regimes, which enables gaining insight into the roles of defects and heat accumulation.
Earlier reports revealed oxysterol metabolites of Opisthorchis spp. liver fluke origin conjugated with DNA bases, suggesting that the generation of these DNA-adducts may underlie the mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of the infection with these food-borne pathogens.

Here, we employed liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to investigate, compare and contrast spectrograms of soluble extracts from Fasciola hepatica adult worms from bile ducts of cattle with those from O. viverrini and O. felineus from experimentally infected hamsters.

F. hepatica and Opisthorchis spp. shared common compounds including oxysterol-like metabolites, bile acids and DNA-adducts, but the spectrometric profiles of F. hepatica included far fewer compounds than Opisthorchis species. These findings support the postulate that parasitic oxysterol-like metabolites could be related to carcinogenesis associated to infection and they point to a molecular basis for the differences among major groups of liver flukes concerning infection-induced malignancy.
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Г. О. Че бо тар 1 , С. В. Че бо тар 1, 2 , Д. О. Ба бен ко 2 , І. І. Моц ний 3 , А. Б. Щер бань 4 , Ю. М. Cи во лап 1 1 Півден ний біот ех но логічний центр в рос лин ництві Овідіопольська дорога, 3, Оде са, Украї на
Measurements of inclusive W and Z boson production cross-sections in pp collisions at $ \sqrt {s} = 7\,{\text{TeV}} $ using final states containing muons are presented. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 37 pb −1 collected with the LHCb detector.

The W and Z bosons are reconstructed from muons with a transverse momentum above 20 GeV/c and pseudorapidity between 2 . 0 and 4 . 5, and, in the case of the Z cross-section, a dimuon invariant mass between 60 and 120 GeV/c 2 . The cross-sections are measured to be 831 ± 9 ± 27 ± 29pb for W + , 656 ± 8 ± 19 ± 23 for W − and 76 . 7 ± 1 . 7 ± 3 . 3 ± 2 . 7pb for Z , where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second is systematic and the third is due to the luminosity. Differential cross-sections, W and Z cross-section ratios and the lepton charge asymmetry are also measured in the same kinematic region.

The ratios are determined to be $ {\sigma_{{{W^{ + }}\to {\mu^{ + }}\nu }}}/{\sigma_{{{W^{ - }}\to {\mu^{ - }}\overline \nu }}} = 1.27\pm 0.02\pm 0.01 $ and $ \left( {{\sigma_{{{W^{ + }}\to {\mu^{ + }}\nu }}} + {\sigma_{{{W^{ - }}\to {\mu^{ - }}\overline \nu }}}} \right)/{\sigma_{{Z \to \mu \mu }}} = 19.4\pm 0.5\pm 0.9 $ . The results are in general agreement with theoretical predictions, performed at next-to-next-to-leading order in QCD using recently calculated parton distribution functions.
Fluid mechanics is a branch of science dealing with the study of flows of continua under the action of external forces. It has a rich history and
Delbrück scattering is the elastic scattering of a photon in the Coulomb field of a nucleus via a virtual electron loop.

The contribution of this virtual subprocess to the emission of a photon in the collision of ultra-relativistic nuclei, Z1Z2→Z1Z2γ, is considered. We identify the incoming virtual photon as being generated by one of the relativistic nuclei involved in the binary collision and the scattered photon as being emitted in the process. The energy and angular distributions of the photons are calculated.

The discussed process has no infrared divergence. The total cross section obtained is 14 barn for Au–Au collisions at the RHIC collider and 50 barn for Pb–Pb collisions at the LHC collider. These cross sections are considerably larger than those for ordinary tree-level nuclear bremsstrahlung in the considered photon energy range, me⪡Eγ⪡meγ, where γ is the Lorentz factor of the nucleus. Finally, photon emission in electron–nucleus collisions, eZ→eZγ, is discussed in the context of the eRHIC option.
The biodiversity of bacterial communities along the Yenisei River at section c. 1800 km was studied using next-generation sequencing of 16S rRNA genes and common biodiversity indices. Overall, 3022 unique operational taxonomic units were identified.

Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria were the dominant phyla at all sampling sites. The highest alpha-diversity values were found in the middle section of the studied river.

The beta-diversity of bacterial assemblages in the river was related to the surrounding landscape (biome): three distinctly different bacterial assemblages occurred in sections of the river, situated in mountain taiga, plain taiga and in a region of permafrost, covered by forest-tundra and tundra. Tributaries arising from these different landscapes likely contributed substantially to the variations of Yenisei bacterial communities. In contrast to a prediction of the river continuum concept, the proportion of photoautotrophic Cyanobacteria in bacterial assemblages did not increase downstream, but peaked at the middle section.
Aim . To determine the impact of social support on the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) in an open population of 25-64 years in Russia/Siberia. Material and methods . As part of the III screening of the WHO MONICA-psychosocial program, a random representative sample of Novosibirsk population of both sexes aged 25-64 was examined (men: n=657, 44,3±0,4 years, response — 82,1%; women: n=689, 45,4±0,4 years, response — 72,5%). The screening survey program included: registration of socio-demographic data, definition of social support (ICC — indices of close contacts, SNI — social network index). The duration of the prospective observation of the participants was 16 years. First occurrences of MI were an endpoints of study. Results . We revealed that 62% of men and 56,8% of women had a low ICC (х 2 =22,603 df=2 P=0,0001). When distributed by age groups, the lowest ICC was observed in men in the 55-64 age group — 64,6% (х 2 =14,85 df=2 P=0,0001) and in 35-44 women — 60,6% (х 2 =3,917 df=2 P=0,141). Low SNI was among 43,5% of males and 33,9% of females (х 2 =21,546 df=2 P=0,0001). The lowest SNI among men was among the young age group of 25-34 years old — 50% (х 2 =15,894 df=3 P=0,001), for women — in the group of 35-44 years (39,4%) (х 2 =0,071 df=3 P=1). Over the 16-year observation period, Cox’s regression analysis showed an increase in the MI risk among persons with a low ICC index in men 5,2 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1,947-19,383; p<0,05) and women 4,9 times (95% CI 0,108-20,762; p<0,05). The risk of MI over a 16-year observation period in the single-factor Cox regression model was higher in individuals with a low SNI index, as among men OR=3,1 (95% CI 1,138-9,247; p<0,05) and among women, RR=2,9 (95% CI 1,040¬8,208; p<0,05). With the use of multivariate modeling, an increased risk of MI is found in people with low social support: among men with unfavorable family situation engaged in physical labor, and among women with a low level of education. Conclusion . Social support is a protective risk factor for MI in both men and women.
We study the nonhomogeneous boundary value problem for the Navier-Stokes equations of steady motion of a viscous incompressible fluid in arbitrary bounded multiply connected plane or axially-symmetric spatial domains.(For axially symmetric domains, data is assumed to be axially symmetric as well.)We prove that this problem has a solution under the sole necessary condition of zero total flux through the boundary.The problem was formulated by Jean Leray 80 years ago.The proof of the main result uses Bernoulli's law for a weak solution to the Euler equations.
Super-continuum generation in non-linear optical fibres pumped with ultra-short light pulses (within femtosecond to nanosecond range) is usually accompanied by decay of the pumping pulse into several (or a plurality) of super-continuum pulses with different energies. In time domain this corresponds to a super-continuum pulse train where intervals between pulses are of the same order as the pulse duration or longer. When pumped with nanosecond pulses the super-continuum pulses retain their integrity at nanosecond scale, that's why in this case super-continuum pulses can be characterised by such parameters as pulse energy, duration, etc.

Recent progress in development of high-energy nanosecond mode-locked fibre master oscillators with ultra-long resonators enables creation, on the basis of such lasers, of all-fibre super-continuum generators with relatively high pulse energies.

In the present paper for the first time the results of investigations into such super-continuum generator with 40-muJ pulse energy are reported.
The effect of equilibrium contact angle on dynamics of dry spot spreading at disruption of a horizontal water layer heated locally from the substrate was studied using the high-speed Schlieren technique. Different methods of working surface processing were applied; this allowed variations of the equilibrium contact angle from 27±6° to 74±9° without a change in thermal properties of the system. It is found out that substrate wettability significantly affects the propagation velocity of dry spot and its final size. It is also found out that the velocity of contact line propagation is higher in the areas of substrate with a higher temperature.
In this paper, a qualitative as well quantitative assessment of the effect of the flowdiverter stent on the hemodynamics of the human brain circulation is carried out. Numerical simulation of a virtual stent deployment in cerebral vessels with an aneurysm for one clinical case of an actual patient has been performed. In the course of the numerical experiment, various models of blood rheology are used, which is in a good agreement with the experimental data. The calculations are carried out in the commercial software ANSYS 17.2. It is shown that after the stent installation the flow through the aneurysm neck reduces. The cerebral blood flow condition becomes closer toward the state of a healthy person. Changes in the magnitude of wall shear stress in the stent region are indicative of the possible recanalization of the aneurysm.
The presented study examines the problem of the reliability of experimental data, which is acute in the field of psychology and neurophysiology. The problem is related to the fact that the participation of a human subject in one experiment from a series of experiments can affect his behavior in the next experiment, cause undesirable distortions in the obtained experimental data and, as a result, lead to false conclusions.

Data obtained in a neurophysiological experiment on social interaction is used as the initial data.

It is shown that the test-retest method gives the most qualitative assessment of the reliability and this estimate is in good agreement with the results of calculating the reliability by the method of interclass correlation coefficients.
The basis was the materials of the latest investment projects, statistical collections and scientific and applied developments of China.

The paper presents an analysis of the economy and environmental management of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China. The study was done to present the real potential of the area to expand its cooperation with the regions of Siberia.

The research identified features of the territorial and climatic conditions, a high level of development of transport infrastructure, high rates of development of industrial production and the service sector and, as a result, an increase in the standard of living. Also in the paper were marked bottlenecks, problems and areas of integration of mutually beneficial cooperation in the current conditions of expansion of Russian-Chinese relations.
Transfer of genetic material from tetraploid species, Triticum timopheevii Zhuk, resistant to diseases into common wheat Triticum aestivum L. has been carried out.Six common wheat cultivars were used.The process of hybrid forms stabilization have been studied in details; identification of Triticum timopheevii genetic material in genome of introgressive lines (2n = 42) resistant to leaf rust (Puccinia triticina Erikss.) has been carried out.Donors of rust resistance have been developed and the genetic control of the character has been studied.The resistance of obtained lines has been shown to be due to Lr genes, nonallelic to effective Lr genes from world collection.
The studies on CpG islands (CGI) and Alu elements functions, evolution, and distribution in the genome started since the discovery in nineteen eighties (1981, 1986, correspondingly). Their highly skewed genome wide distribution implies the non-random retrotransposition pattern. Besides CGIs in gene promoters, CGIs clusters were observed in the homeobox gene regions and in the macrosatellites, but the whole picture of their distribution specifics was not grasped. Attempts to identify any causative features upon their (genome wide) distribution, such as the DNA context mediated preferred insertion sites of Alu repeats, have been made to ascribe their clusters location. Recent emergence of high resolution 3D map of human genome allowed segregating the genome into the large scale chromatin domains of naturally observable nuclear subcompartments, or Topologically Associated Domains (TADs), designated by spatial chromatin distribution. We utilized the chromatin map to elucidate relations between large scale chromatin state and CpG rich elements landscape. In the course of analysis it was confirmed that genes, Alu and CGI clusters maintain obvious, albeit different in strength, preference for open chromatin. For the first time it was clearly shown that the clusters density of the Alu and CGIs monotonically depend on the chromatin accessibility rate. In particular, the highest density of these elements is found in A1 euchromatin regions characterized by a high density of small length genes replicating in the early S-phase. It implies that these elements mediate (CGIs) or are a side element (Alus) of chromatin accessibility. We elucidated that both methylated and non-methylated CGIs display the affinity to chromatin accessibility. As a part of comparative genomics section, we elucidated that the dog's genome non-canonical structure, outstanding in mammals for its high CGIs abundance compared to gene number, is explained by the presence of dense tandem CGI extended hotspots (500 kb on average) in subtelomeric and pericentromeric regions with highly skewed CG content, and not by CGIs global distribution pattern shift. The study underlines the close association of CG-rich elements distribution with the newly introduced large scale chromatin state map, proposing a refined standpoint on interrelation of aforementioned genome elements and the chromatin state. To our expertise, the TAD-associated partition model employed in the study is likely the most substantial one regarding CpG rich clusters distribution among the whole genome chromatin/isochores maps available.
The propagation length of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) increases with wavelength, which makes it possible to use radiation from the far-infrared and terahertz ranges to create communication devices employing SPPs as carriers of information.

In this paper, we consider methods for implementing the multiplex transmission of information along cylindrical conductors using a combination of SPPs with orbital angular momentum

and present experimental setups for the experiments on the Novosibirsk free electron laser.
A number of modifications to traditional techniques are suggested in order to overcome problems that frequently arise when growing crystals from solution.

These improvements, and their combination, help to avoid problems such as poor nucleation, the spontaneous precipitation of many poor-quality small powder-like crystals, crystals adhering to the crystallization vessel or to each other, and chemical degradation of the solution. The proposed techniques can be used to crystallize desirable metastable polymorphs reliably. None of the suggested methods demands the usage of any special or expensive equipment, or specific skills, and they can be implemented in the chemistry curriculum even at secondary school level.

Examples are given for the crystallization of small organic molecules such as carboxylic acids, amino acids, pharmaceuticals etc., but the same techniques are applicable to other classes of compound.
The method of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticle synthesis by co-precipitation, modification by 3-aminopropylsilane and conjugation with pH-(low)-insertion peptide (pHLIP) is reported. The characterization of nanoparticles by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental and thermogravimetric analyses as well as dynamic light scattering and z-potential measurements is provided. The effect of nanoparticles on the viability of mouse and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells is tested by flow cytometry. The experimental details of nanoparticle administration to tumor-bearing mice, magnetic resonance imaging scanning as well as subsequent tumor sample collection and their processing for transmission electron microscopy, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, histological and immunohistochemical analyses are described. Biodistribution of the nanoparticles in mice and blood serum analysis data for experimental animals are given. The data are useful for an experiment workflow design and for the development of theranostic systems based on magnetic nanoparticles.
A plane cathode composed of close-packed hexagonal LaB6 (lanthanum hexaboride) segments is described.

The 6 cm diameter circular cathode is heated by radiation from a graphite foil flat spiral. The cathode along with a hollow copper anode is used for the arc discharge plasma production in a newly developed linear plasma device. A separately powered coil located around the anode is used to change the magnetic field strength and geometry in the anode region.

Different discharge regimes were realized using this coil.
The main publications concerning diversity and distribution of these insects over the steppes are analyzed.

The main aims of this paper are to reveal general patterns of Orthoptera distribution in the Eurasian steppes, to evaluate long-term trends of changes in distribution of taxa and populations, and to estimate the potential for population changes relative to human activity and global warming trends. The populations' distribution of Orthoptera is also analyzed. The population distribution of three species locusts (Locusta migratoria, Calliptamus italicus, Dociostaurus maroccanus) is also discussed. Some notable changes of their populations' distribution and dynamics are characterized. The situation with rare Orthoptera is estimated.

The fauna of the Eurasian steppes includes more than 440 species of Orthoptera. The general distribution of grasshoppers and their kin in the Eurasian steppes reflects their common associations with different grasslands. The species richness increases from the relatively cold forest-steppes to the semi-deserts with their warm summer. There are some endemic or subendemic taxa, including the tribe Onconotini (Tettigoniidae). The populations of native Orthoptera extend through all the herbaceous landscapes. Under these conditions, the interrelating of colonies of each species may result in great abundance. Retrospective and prospective of the steppe fauna of Orthoptera are discussed.
A study of the inclusive production of a pair of hadrons (a "dihadron" system), having high transverse momenta and separated by a large interval of rapidity, is presented. This process has much in common with the widely discussed Mueller–Navelet jet production and can be also used to access the BFKL dynamics at proton colliders.

Large contributions enhanced by logarithms of energy can be resummed in perturbation theory within the BFKL formalism in the next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy.

The experimental study of dihadron production would provide with an additional clear channel to test the BFKL dynamics. The first theoretical predictions for cross sections and azimuthal angle correlations of the two hadrons produced with LHC kinematics are presented.
It is shown that relativistic effects strongly modify the equilibrium of nonneutral plasmas even if the linear velocity of plasma rotation in crossed electric and magnetic fields is small as compared to the speed of light.

The change is especially pronounced for the fast rigid-rotor equilibrium, when the frequency of the azimuthal rotation is close to the cyclotron frequency, and the radial density profile becomes approximately parabolic rather than stepwise as predicted by the nonrelativistic theory.

It is argued that such effects could be detected in experiments similar to those performed by Theiss et al. [Phys.Rev. Lett.135, 1436(1975)]. The relativistic modification of the Brillouin density limit is also addressed.
Представлена математическая модель динамики асептического воспаления, адекватность которой подтверждается качественным и количественным согласием с лабораторными данными о динамике факторов воспаления в центральной зоне раневого повреждения.Показано
The paper presents the experience of modeling supersonic jets of rarefied gases expanding into a vacuum or highly rarefied medium of any given gas composition, as well as interacting flows from nozzle blocks on experimental installations developed at Novosibirsk State University.

Examples of visualization of complex sparse flows, results of measurements by electron-beam spectroscopy and molecular-beam mass spectrometry of the density and flows composition under different flow conditions are given.

The obtained experimental data validation problems and natural conditions modeling possibilities on small-sized laboratory installations, model and real flows conditions and parameters of similarity are discussed.