Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Frequent discordant phylogenies inferred from different loci, as well as the presence of sufficiently diverged gene variants within a single species isolate are indicative of potentially frequent non-monophyly in the genus Pinus.Interspecies hybridisation and incomplete lineage sorting have been suggested as possible explanations for the observed phylogenetic discrepancies.However, there is no direct evidence to support any of the proposed scenarios for the Eurasian five-needle pines.We used natural hybrids between Pinus sibirica and P. pumila, as well as their parental species, as a model to reproduce the scenario of non-monophyly in the subgenus Strobus.Three non-linked nuclear DNA loci (LEA, AGP6 and 4CL) were applied to detect introgressive alleles and to genetically discriminate the studied species.Comparative sequence analyses revealed two clusters of species-specific alleles for each of the markers, characteristic for either P. sibirica or P. pumila.No hybrid-specific alleles were found.We also found no hybrids with a genotype characteristic of only one of the parental species for all three loci.On average, the hybrids were characterised by an equal ratio of alleles from the P. sibirica and P. pumila clusters.We reveal that some trees of pure species originating from allopatric locations have non-specific loci that can be a result of genetic exchange between these species in the distant past or incomplete lineage sorting.
The article raises the problem of visual poetics in the Old Believer literature. The author analyzes the texts of Baroque rhetoric and sermons created on the Vyg during the 18 th century, including the works written by the Vyg leaders Andrei Denisov and Andrei Borisov. The author argues that focalization in the Old Believer literary culture is linked to general poetic attitudes. The Baroque Poetics implied the intensive inclusion of the illustrative material in the texts. Visual metaphors were meant to clarify the writer's idea, and simultaneously execute a didactic function. The author shows that visual images and metaphors used in the texts written at the beginning of the 18 th century helped to create an idealized image of the world, which itself was based on the structure- forming constants of the Baroque worldview. The excerpts from baroque rhetoric reflected the ideas common for the Baroque culture, such as the contrasting nature of the world, the world as a labyrinth, “vanitas vanitatum”, “life is a dream” etc. The usage of emblem is considered to be an example of the implementation of conceptual metaphors. The author displays how through the visualization techniques Andrei Denisov constructs the ideal image of Vyg as a place of spiritual asceticism. Details of the real-life and landscape are included in the utopian discourse, which encompasses the topic of paradise as well. Different symbols such as honey, bees, gold, sunshine, rose and others are used. The article discusses the first detailed description of the elephant in Russian literature, included in the allegorical context of Andrei Denisov’s preaching. At the end of the 18 th century, Andrei Borisov started emphasizing the author’s personality. Naturalistically accurate descriptions of the author’s condition focus attention on his viewpoint and also serve as an expression of the didactic thoughts. The detailed analysis of the unique example of ekphrasis from Andrei Borisov’s work, a description of the portrait of Catherine the Second by D. Levitsky, is provided.
Serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine or 5‐ HT ) is an important neurotransmitter regulating a wide range of physiological and pathological functions via activation of heterogeneously expressed 5‐ HT receptors. Besides the important role of 5‐ HT receptors in the pathogenesis of depressive disorders and in their clinical medications, underlying mechanisms are far from being completely understood.

This review focuses on possible cross talk between two serotonin receptors, 5‐ HT 1A and the 5‐ HT 7 . Although these receptors are highly co‐expressed in brain regions implicated in depression, and most agonists developed for the 5‐ HT 1A or 5‐ HT 7 receptors have cross‐reactivity, their functional interaction has not been yet established. It has been recently shown that 5‐ HT 1A and 5‐ HT 7 receptors form homo‐ and heterodimers both in vitro and in vivo .

From the functional point of view, heterodimerization has been shown to play an important role in regulation of receptor‐mediated signaling and internalization, suggesting the implication of heterodimerization in the development and maintenance of depression. Interaction between these receptors is also of clinical interest, because both receptors represent an important pharmacological target for the treatment of depression and anxiety.
This work is devoted to determining of transport characteristics of a granular medium in an adsorber by the example of hollow glass microspheres and a composite sorbent on their basis.

To carry out the research a special experimental stand was constructed to determine the transport characteristics for various gases at given pressure and temperature values in the adsorber. The technique of experiment and processing of experimental data for the purpose of determining transport characteristics of granular medium has been worked out.

For microspheres of type MS-V-2L, MS-VP, MS-VP-A9 and composite sorbent based on microspheres MS-VP-A9 were determined the gas permeability of the granular medium, the propagation velocity of the pressure wave in a granular medium, the time of filling with gas of the adsorber containing microspheres or the composite sorbent.
Purpose: Exosomal proteases are important in regulation of molecular signaling from growth factor receptors and adhesion molecules and also the regulation of cell motility and protein folding. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of ADAM10, ADAM17 and 20S proteasomes in exosomes isolated from colorectal cancer patients (CRCPs) in relation with clinical and histopathological parameters. Methods: Blood plasma exosomes of 60 CRCPs at stage T2-4N0-2M0-1 and 10 control subjects (CSs) with colorectal polyps were isolated using ultrafiltration in combination with ultracentrifugation. The level of tetraspanin-associated (ADAM20 and ADAM17) and tetraspanin-non-associated (20S proteasome) proteases were evaluated by flow cytometry and western blot analysis. Results: The ADAM10-/ ADAM17- population predominated in plasma exosomes of CRCPs and the level of ADAM10+ exosomes was significantly higher in exosomes of CSs compared with CRCPs. No difference was found between subpopulations of ADAM10/ADAM17 exosomes and level of exosomal 20S proteasomes in terms of sex, age and tumor grade. Simultaneous decrease of ADAM10+/ADAM17-subpopulation of exosomes and level of exosomal 20S proteasomes in patients with metastatic CRC was observed compared with patients with non-metastatic CRC. The level of ADAM17+ exosomes significantly reduced in exosomes of CRCPs with metabolic syndrome compared to CRCPs without metabolic syndrome( 3.97±0.71 (%) vs. 13.04±1.34 (%), respectively (p<0.05). A decrease in the 20S proteasomes level in plasma exosomes was revealed in CRCPs with metabolic syndrome compared with CRCPs without metabolic disorders ( 1.90±0.25 (r.u.) vs. 2.92±0.42 (r.u.) respectively( (p<0.05). Conclusion: According to findings of this study, it seems that exosomal proteases can be promising molecular predictors of hematogenous metastasis in patients with non-metastatic CRC. Further studies on subpopulation composition of exosomes CRCPs are need for elucidating the role of tetraspanin-associated and tetraspanin-non-associated exosomal proteases in CRC development and progression.
On the X chromosomes of the sheep, goat, Chinese muntjac, water deer, and roe deer, we have identified the regions which were homologous to the short arm of the cattle X chromosome by heterologous chromosome in situ suppression hybridization with the cattle X chromosome short arm specific DNA library probes generated by microdissection and TOPO-DOP-PCR amplification. Despite the chromosome rearrangements during karyotype evolution in pecorans, these homologous regions were each detected as one block on the X chromosomes of the above species.
The problem of continuation of the solution of a three-dimensional parabolic equation with data given on a time-like surface is investigated. Two numerical methods for solving the continuation problem are compared: the finite-difference scheme inversion and the solution of inverse problem by gradient method. The functional gradient formula is obtained. The results of numerical calculations are presented.
The influence of a wavy wall on the position of a laminar-turbulent transition on a flat plate at M = 5.95 is studied in this paper. The transition position was determined from the distribution of heat fluxes on the surface of the model.
We report the phonon spectra of core/shell CdSe/CdS nanoplatelets with different shell thicknesses studied using Raman scattering. The nanoplatelets are rectangular colloidal nanocrystals, with thicknesses of core and shell layers of a few nanometers. The Raman spectra show features corresponding to the dominating longitudinal optical (LO) and surface optical (SO) phonon modes of the CdSe core in CdS shell located in the frequency regions of 200-210 and 250-290 cm -1 , respectively. As the shell thickness increases, the phonon modes reveal a frequency shift and a change in intensity. The frequency shift associated with a change in the stress state in the core and shell, as well as with confinement effects is discussed. The phonon mode intensities are determined by the thickness of the shell and the proximity to resonant Raman scattering conditions.
We test the predictions of the theory of weak wave turbulence by performing numerical simulations of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation (GPE) and the associated wave-kinetic equation (WKE). We consider an initial state localized in Fourier space, and we confront the solutions of the WKE obtained numerically with GPE data for both the wave-action spectrum and the probability density functions (PDFs) of the Fourier mode intensities. We find that the temporal evolution of the GPE data is accurately predicted by the WKE, with no adjustable parameters, for about two nonlinear kinetic times. Qualitative agreement between the GPE and the WKE persists also for longer times with some quantitative deviations that may be attributed to the combination of a breakdown of the theoretical assumptions underlying the WKE as well as numerical issues. Furthermore, we study how the wave statistics evolves toward Gaussianity in a timescale of the order of the kinetic time. The excellent agreement between direct numerical simulations of the GPE and the WKE provides a solid foundation to the theory of weak wave turbulence.
The work is aimed at investigation of dynamic and structural characteristics of the self-sustained evaporation front in freon R21 under the conditions of free convection. The results demonstrate the presence of two typical zones in the diagram of dependence of front propagation velocity on heating surface overheating. Formation of small-scaled fast growing disturbances was detected at the interface. The diagram of stability of evaporation front interface, built by the Landau theory, was proposed. The obtained experimental data were analyzed from the standpoint of instability development at intense evaporation. It is shown that development of interface instability for perturbation scales of about layer thickness corresponds to the area of more intense evaporation.
Aim. To study the association of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs556621 (G>T) with the development of stroke in patients of the East Siberian population with cardiovascular pathology and risk factors. Material and methods. The study involved 260 patients with stroke (157 men and 103 women) and 272 patients of the control group (170 men and 102 women). The following cardiovascular pathology and risk factors were present in the patients of the main group: arterial hypertension, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardias, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis of the brachiocephalic arteries, disorders of the hemostatic system. All patients underwent clinical, instrumental and molecular genetic examination. Statistical processing of the material was carried out using the set of application programs Statistica for Windows 7.0, Excel and SPSS 22. Results. As a result of the study, no statistically significant associations of genotypes and alleles of the rs1800801 polymorphism (C>T) with stroke were found in any of the analyzed groups and subgroups. Conclusion. SNP rs1800801 (C>T) does not have a significant effect on the development of stroke in people of the East Siberian population, regardless of the preceding cardiovascular pathology and risk factors.
We studied the position and motion of poles of Lorenz-Mie (LM) coefficients, responsible for LM resonances, in the space of complex parameters: the size, the refractive index of the sphere, and the refractive index of the host medium. We performed a comprehensive theoretical analysis and classified all resonances according to their asymptotic behavior and origin. In particular, we proved a few lemmas concerning the logarithmic derivatives of Riccati-Bessel functions and used them to prove the absence of LM poles in some areas of the complex plane (depending on the host medium). We also performed extensive numerical calculations of pole trajectories, which fully confirm all theoretical predictions and provide additional details in the intermediate range of size parameters.
Aim . To assess the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in young adults aged 25-44 years with early coronary artery disease (CAD) and abdominal obesity (AO) in Novosibirsk. Methods. A random sample of subjects aged 25-44 years residing Novosibirsk underwent population screening. 1,457 people were examined (653 men and 804 women). The epidemiological diagnosis of CAD was established based on the validated epidemiological (according to the Rose Angina Questionnaire) and clinical (ECG decoded according to the Minnesota code) criteria. Early CAD was detected in 49 people who then were assigned into 4 subgroups: 1) obese subjects with CAD -24 people, 2) non-obese subjects with CAD - 25 people, 3) age- and sex-matched obese controls without CAD - 44 people, 4) age- and sex-matched non-obese controls without CAD - 30 people. The prevalence of the following CVD risk factors was assessed: smoking, increased body mass index (BMI), increased waist circumference (WC), the presence of arterial hypertension (AH), physical inactivity, elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), nonhigh density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), triglycerides (TG) in blood. Results. BMI, LDL-C and non-HDL-C increase 1.3-fold in obese subjects with CAD along with 1.9-fold increase in TG levels as compared to non-obese subjects with CAD. Obese men with CAD had BMI, non-HDL-C, and TG levels 1.3, 1.5, and 2.6 times higher respectively, compared with non-obese men with CAD. BMI, LDL-C levels, non-HDL-C levels and the presence of AH increased 5.2-, 1.6-, 1.6-, and 4.7-fold, respectively, in obese subjects with CAD compared with non-obese subjects with CAD. Obese men with CAD reported a 4.4- and 6.2-fold increase in the prevalence of increased BMI and the presence of AH, respectively, than non-obese men with CAD. The examined individuals revealed an independent direct association of the relative risk of CAD as a comorbidity of AH (OR = 3.368, CI 1.057-10.728, p = 0.040). In addition, men demonstrated an association with elevated levels of LDL-C (OR = 1.019, CI 1.000-1.039, p = 0.049) and non-HDL-C (OR = 1.019, CI 1.000-1.038, p = 0.049) in blood. Conclusion. AH, elevated levels of LDL-C, non-HDL-C and TG are considered as significant risk factors in obese people under 45 years of age (mainly in men) with early CAD.
Eigenmodes and dispersion curves in different configurations of synthetic photonic lattices are studied numerically.

Eigenmodes localized on borders between areas with different optical potential are found.

Stability of these eigenmodes against potential disturbances of different type is studied.
One of the greatest achievements of genetics in the 20th century is D.K. Belyaev's discovery of destabilizing selection during the domestication of animals and that this selection affects only gene expression regulation (not gene structure) and influences systems of neuroendocrine control of ontogenesis in a stressful environment. Among the experimental data generalized by Belyaev's discovery, there are also findings about accelerated extinction of testes' hormonal function and disrupted seasonality of reproduction of domesticated foxes in comparison with their wild congeners. To date, Belyaev's discovery has already been repeatedly confirmed, for example, by independent observations during deer domestication, during the use of rats as laboratory animals, after the reintroduction of endangered species such as Przewalski's horse, and during the creation of a Siberian reserve population of the Siberian grouse when it had reached an endangered status in natural habitats. A genome-wide comparison among humans, several domestic animals, and some of their wild congeners has given rise to the concept of self-domestication syndrome, which includes autism spectrum disorders.

In our previous study, we created a bioinformatic model of human self-domestication syndrome using differentially expressed genes (DEGs; of domestic animals versus their wild congeners) orthologous to the human genes (mainly, nervous-system genes) whose changes in expression affect reproductive potential, i. e., growth of the number of humans in the absence of restrictions caused by limiting factors. Here, we applied this model to 68 human genes whose changes in expression alter the reproductive health of women and men and to 3080 DEGs of domestic versus wild animals.

As a result, in domestic animals, we identified 16 and 4 DEGs, the expression changes of which are codirected with changes in the expression of the human orthologous genes decreasing and increasing human reproductive potential, respectively. The wild animals had 9 and 11 such DEGs, respectively. This difference between domestic and wild animals was significant according to Pearson's χ2 test (p < 0.05) and Fisher's exact test (p < 0.05). We discuss the results from the standpoint of restoration of endangered animal species whose natural habitats are subject to an anthropogenic impact.
Both aggressive and aggression-deprived (AD) species represent pathologic cases intensely addressed in psychiatry and substance abuse disciplines. Previously, we reported that AD mice displayed a higher aggressive behavior score than the aggressive group, implying the manifestation of a withdrawal effect.

We employed an animal model of chronic social conflicts, curated in our lab for more than 30 years. In the study, we pursued the task of evaluating key events in the dorsal striatum transcriptome of aggression experienced mice and AD species compared to controls using RNA-Seq profiling. Aggressive species were subjected to repeated social conflict encounters (fights) with regular positive (winners) experience in the course of 20 consecutive days (A20 group). This led to a profoundly shifted transcriptome expression profile relative to the control group, outlined by more than 1000 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). RNA-Seq cluster analysis revealed that elevated cyclic AMP (cAMP) signaling cascade and associated genes comprising 170 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in aggressive (A20) species were accompanied by a downturn in the majority of other metabolic/signaling gene networks (839 DEGs) via the activation of transcriptional repressor DEGs. Fourteen days of a consecutive fighting deprivation period (AD group) featured the basic restoration of the normal (control) transcriptome expression profile yielding only 62 DEGs against the control. Notably, we observed a network of 12 coordinated DEG Transcription Factor (TF) activators from 62 DEGs in total that were distinctly altered in AD compared to control group, underlining the distinct transcription programs featuring AD group, partly retained from the aggressive encounters and not restored to normal in 14 days. We found circadian clock TFs among them, reported previously as a withdrawal effect factor.

We conclude that the aggressive phenotype selection with positive reward effect (winning) manifests an addiction model featuring a distinct opioid-related withdrawal effect in AD group. Along with reporting profound transcriptome alteration in A20 group and gaining some insight on its specifics, we outline specific TF activator gene networks associated with transcriptional repression in affected species compared to controls, outlining Nr1d1 as a primary candidate, thus offering putative therapeutic targets in opioid-induced withdrawal treatment.
A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
The two-temperature model of the outflow from a vessel with initial supercritical parameters of medium has been realized. The model uses thermodynamic non-equilibrium relaxation approach to describe phase transitions. Based on a new asymptotic model for computing the relaxation time, the outflow of water with supercritical initial pressure and super- and subcritical temperatures has been calculated.
The effect of palladium dispersion and nature of the support on catalytic performance in hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to aniline was studied.

It was shown that the type of the support and modification of palladium with phosphorus make it possible to stabilize highly dispersed (1.5-2 nm) palladium particles in the metallic state,

thus increasing the efficiency of new catalysts.
We report results of experiments performed with the KEDR detector at the VEPP-4M e + e - collider. They include final results for the mass and other parameters of the J/ψ, ψ(2S) and ψ(3770) and J/ψ → γη c branching fraction determination.
A factorization hypothesis is tested by examining a form factor of the ωπ production in hadronic B 0 → D ∗± ωπ ∓ decays. The form factor is compared to that from available τ -lepton as well as e + e − data using the conserved vector current hypothesis.

The difference of normalizations of form factor shapes from B and τ ( e + e − ) data indicates the important role of the large N c limit in QCD. Moreover, the growth of the difference between the form factors with the ωπ invariant mass is related to the perturbative QCD corrections of factorization.

The current precision of B data does not allow one to find any evidence of corrections to factorization. A promising study could be performed with the Belle II and LHCb data sets.