Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Nowadays the number of electronic devices has increased as well as their complexity. At the same time only few people are reading user guides for these devices. Moreover, in certain cases even no guides are provided by the manufacturer. Therefore there is a large number of cases when people use such devices incorrectly. This issue could be possibly solved with a system automatically recognizing the type of the device. Such system could provide all necessary user information about that device. This article suggests one of possible implementations of such device type recognition system. It recognizes type of device in an unsupevised way and shows main characteristics and user guides for the recognized gadget. Our approach for constructing such system relies on machine learning methods since greedy search for an object pattern is not efficient, as it was found out by recent scholarly works. Moreover, automatic object patterns classifiers show higher performance in this task and allow to scale the system to various kinds of input data. The algorithms that we are using for object classification are based on feature extraction from an graphical representation of the object look. This representation is usually proposed in an digital photography format. We consider our study as the first work towards automated defining characteristics of a device based on its graphical representation.
Apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonucleases play an important role in DNA repair and initiation of AP site elimination. One of the most topical problems in the field of DNA repair is to understand the mechanism of the enzymatic process involving the human enzyme APE1 that provides recognition of AP sites and efficient cleavage of the 5'-phosphodiester bond.

In this study, a thermodynamic analysis of the interaction between APE1 and a DNA substrate containing a stable AP site analog lacking the C1' hydroxyl group (F site) was performed. Based on stopped-flow kinetic data at different temperatures, the steps of DNA binding, catalysis, and DNA product release were characterized. The changes in the standard Gibbs energy, enthalpy, and entropy of sequential specific steps of the repair process were determined.

The thermodynamic analysis of the data suggests that the initial step of the DNA substrate binding includes formation of non-specific contacts between the enzyme binding surface and DNA, as well as insertion of the amino acid residues Arg177 and Met270 into the duplex, which results in the removal of 'crystalline' water molecules from DNA grooves. The second binding step involves the F site flipping-out process and formation of specific contacts between the enzyme active site and the everted 5'-phosphate-2'-deoxyribose residue. It was shown that non-specific interactions between the binding surfaces of the enzyme and DNA provide the main contribution into the thermodynamic parameters of the DNA product release step.
For the treatment of cancer, inhibitors of the reparation systems are needed. One of the specific targets is the enzyme tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (TDP1). Inhibition of this enzyme can increase the sensitivity of tumor cells to drugs used to treat cancer. Earlier, the substance KS-389 was obtained, which in in vitro experiments showed a synergistic effect against glioblastoma cells when was administrated together with temozolomide.

In this work we developed a HPLC-MS/MS method for the quantittion of the agent KS-389 in mice whole blood. A calibration curve was obtained in a concentration range of 2-2000 ng/ml. Using the developed method, a preliminary pharmacokinetics study of the substance was carried out.

When administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 5 mg/kg, a dosage form based on tween-80 provided better bioavailability compared to oral administration. The maximum concentration of KS-389 of about 450 ng/ml was observed 1.5-2 hours after administration. The full clearance of the agent was 6 hours after the administration showing normal pattern of the pharmacokinetics.
The Spherical Neutral Detector (SND) is an experiment for e+e− annihilation study at low energies 0.2−2 GeV. The light quark anti−quark bound states are the main subject of study at these energies. They express themselves as resonances in the e+e− hadronic cross sections. Hadronic cross sections could be recalculated to hadronic vacuum polarization (HVP). The Standard Model predictions today are limited by HVP which is not calculable with modern QCD theory.

In this talk we present the review of the hadronic cross sections measurements at SND and new measurements: e+e− → π+π−, π0γ, π+π−π0, ωπ0, K+K−η, η, KsKLπ0, π+π−π0η, ωπ0η e.t.c.
Magnetically doped topological insulators may produce novel states of electronic matter, where for instance the quantum anomalous Hall effect state can be realized. Pivotal to this goal is a microscopic control over the magnetic state, defined by the local electronic structure of the dopants and their interactions. We report on the magnetic coupling among Mn or Co atoms adsorbed on the surface of the topological insulator Bi2Te3. Our findings uncover the mechanisms of the exchange coupling between magnetic atoms coupled to the topological surface state in strong topological insulators. The combination of x-ray magnetic circular dichroism and ab initio calculations reveals that the sign of the magnetic coupling at short adatom–adatom distances is opposite for Mn with respect to Co. For both elements, the magnetic exchange reverses its sign at a critical distance between magnetic adatoms, as a result of the interplay between superexchange, double exchange and Ruderman–Kittel–Kasuya–Yoshida interactions.
Microvesicles release by neoplastic cells were found in blood and carrying a large number of tumor distinctive molecules, like miRNA/mRNA, proteins. Considering extensive surface of blood cells we wonder if exosomes are circulated exclusively in plasma or could be associated with surface of blood cells.

Microvesicles circulating in blood of healthy women (HW) and breast cancer patients (BCP) were studied. Blood was fractionated into plasma and cellular fractions; in order to release cell surface bound material, blood cells were treated as it was described for cell-surface-bound (CSB) cirDNA (Tamkovich, 2005). Exosomes were pelleted at 100,000 g from 0.1 μm filtered supernatants obtained by plasma and CSB eluates centrifugation at 17,000 g, resuspended in PBS and stored in aliquots at −80 °C. Size distribution of the microparticles was characterized by TEM (Jeol, Japan), anti CD-63, CD-24, CD-9 antibodies (BD Biosciences, USA) were used as exosome markers, protein concentration was measured by NanoOrange Protein Quantitation kit (Molecular Probes, USA), total RNA and miRNA were isolated by mirVana kit, 28S rRNA were quantified by RT-qPCR after reverse transcription with 6-mer random primers, miRNA using TaqMan Small RNA Assays kit (Applied Biosystems, USA). DNA was isolated using "DNA Isolation Kit" (BioSilicaLtd, Russia) and measured by TaqMan multiplex real-time PCR for LINE1 and α-satellite repeats (Bryzgunova, 2011).

Results: TEM with immunogold labeling demonstrate presence of exosomes in 30–100 nm membrane-wrapped particles isolated from both plasma and CSB eluates. TEM, NanoOrange and 28S rRNA RT-qPCR data demonstrate that CSB exosomes constitutes 2/3 of total blood exosomes. Exosomes ranged 50–70 nm prevail in blood of BCP, whereas 30–50 nm exosomes in blood of HW. Exosomal DNA is less than 0.3% of cell-free blood DNA. RNA integrity and specific quantity checked by Bioanalyzer (Agilent Technologies, USA) do not differ in cell-free and CSB exosomes. Preliminary data demonstrate overpresentation of cancer-specific miRNA (miR-103, miR-191, miR-195) in exosomes bound with erythrocyte's as compared with exosomes bound with leukocytes or circulating in plasma. Exosomal DNA obviously do not have any diagnostic value in contrast to RNA. CSB exosomes represent valuable source of material for small-invasive cancer diagnostics.
New nitronyl nitroxides, namely, 2-(4,5-dimethylimidazol-2-yl)- and 2-(4,5-dichloroimidazol-2-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-3-oxide-1-oxyl, were prepared in crystalline form. According to single-crystal X-ray data, intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonds are formed between NH groups of the imidazole cycles and O atoms of the nitroxide moieties. The intermolecular H-bonds contribute to the alignment of molecules into chains along the a-axis; this alignment causes short intrachain contacts between O and C atoms carrying spin density of opposite signs. Such an arrangement of nitroxides induces ferromagnetic intrachain interactions (J ≈ 10 cm−1) between neighboring radicals.
Understanding the population structure and mechanisms of taxa diversification is important for organisms responsible for the transmission of human diseases. Two vectors of West Nile virus, Culex pipiens pipiens and Cx. p. molestus , exhibit epidemiologically important behavioral and physiological differences, but the whole-genome divergence between them was unexplored. In this study, we re-sequenced and compared the whole genomes of 40 individual mosquitoes from four locations in Eurasia and North America: the Republic of Belarus, the Kyrgyz Republic, and the United States of America. Principal Component, ADMIXTURE, and neighbor joining analyses of the nuclear genomes identified two intercontinental, monophyletic clusters of Cx. p. pipiens and Cx. p. molestus. The third cluster, having a polyphyletic origin, was formed by Cx. p. pipiens and Cx. quinquefasciatus from the USA. The level of genomic differentiation between the subspecies was uniform along chromosomes. The ADMIXTURE analysis determined signatures of admixture in all Cx. p. pipens populations but not in Cx. p. molestus populations. Comparison of mitochondrial genomes among the specimens showed a paraphyletic origin of the major haplogroups between the subspecies but a monophyletic structure between the continents. Thus, our study identified that Cx. p. molestus and Cx. p. pipiens represent different evolutionary units with monophyletic origin that have undergone incipient ecological speciation.
Formic acid (FA) can easily be decomposed, affording molecular hydrogen through a controllable catalytic process, thus attaining great importance as a convenient hydrogen carrier for hydrogen energetics. Supported gold nanoparticles are considered to be among the most promising catalysts for such applications. However, questions remain regarding the influence of the catalyst support on the reaction selectivity. In this study, we have examined the catalytic activity of typical gold catalysts, such as Au/TiO2, Au/SiO2, and Au/Al2O3 in decomposition of FA, and then compared it with the catalytic activity of corresponding supports. The performance of each catalyst and support was evaluated using a gas-flow packed-bed reactor. It is shown that the target reaction, FA → H2 + CO2, is provided by the presence of gold nanoparticles, whereas the concurrent, undesirable pathway, such as FA → H2O + CO, results exclusively from the acid-base behavior of supports.
The stability of the new antifiloviral agent AS-358 consisting of borneol and 3-(piperidin-1-yl)propanoic acid, was studied in the blood and blood plasma of rats in vitro. It was found that in both matrices stabilized by EDTA or heparin, the compound is rapidly hydrolyzed at the ester bond. When sodium fluoride was added, the decomposition of the compound was significantly slowed down.

This made it possible to develop and validate a method for the quantitative determination of the agent in whole rat blood. Analysis was performed by HPLC-MS/MS method using reverse phase chromatography.

The developed method was used for a preliminary study of the pharmacokinetics of the agent AS-358 after its oral administration to rats, and it was shown that the concentration of AS-358 in the blood of animals reached 550 ng/ml after 1 hour, despite its instability in blood. Analogues of the agent which contain ether linker have been synthesized and their metabolic stability has been shown.
The development of new revolutionary technologies for directed gene editing has made it possible to thoroughly model and study NgAgo human diseases at the cellular and molecular levels.

Gene editing tools like ZFN, TALEN, CRISPRbased systems, NgAgo and SGN can introduce different modifications.In gene sequences and regulate gene expression in different types of cells including induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).These tools can be successfully used for Huntington's disease (HD) modeling, for example, to generate isogenic cell lines bearing different numbers of CAG repeats or to correct the mutation causing the disease.

This review presents common genome editing technologies and summarizes the progress made in using them in HD and other hereditary diseases.Furthermore, we will discuss prospects and limitations of genome editing in understanding HD pathology.
Significance The plant hormone auxin controls many aspects of growth and development. It does so by changing the activity of AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR (ARF) proteins that recognize specific DNA elements in plant genes and switch gene expression on or off. A major question in plant biology is how these ARF proteins bind unique DNA sequences and thus select which genes are regulated by auxin. Here, the authors systematically study the DNA architecture required for high-affinity binding of ARF proteins, and for auxin-dependent gene regulation in the plant Arabidopsis thaliana . This work shows that repeats of ARF recognition sites are critical for function, and reveals the molecular basis for the distinct activities of different repeat structures.
The nucleotide excision repair (NER) is one of the main repair systems present in the cells of living organisms. It is responsible for the removal of a wide range of bulky DNA lesions.

We succeeded in developing a method for assessing the efficiency of NER in the cell (ex vivo), which is a method based on the recovery of TagRFP fluorescent protein production through repair of the damage that blocks the expression of the appropriate gene. Our constructed plasmids containing bulky nFlu or nAnt lesions near the tagrfp gene promoter were shown to undergo repair in eukaryotic cells (HEK 293T) and that they can be used to analyze the efficiency of NER ex vivo.

A comparative analysis of the time dependence of fluorescent cells accumulation after transfection with nFlu- and nAnt-DNA revealed that there are differences in how efficient their repair by the NER system of HEK 293T cells can be. The method can be used to assess the cell repair status and the repair efficiency of different structural damages.
Reverse transcriptases (RTs) are a standard tool in both fundamental studies and diagnostics. RTs should possess elevated temperature optimum, high thermal stability, processivity and tolerance to contaminants. Here, we constructed a set of chimeric RTs, based on the combination of the Moloney murine leukaemia virus (M‐MuLV) RT and either of two DNA‐binding domains: the DNA‐binding domain of the DNA ligase from Pyrococcus abyssi or the DNA‐binding Sto7d protein from Sulfolobus tokodaii . The processivity and efficiency of cDNA synthesis of the chimeric RT with Sto7d at the C‐end are increased several fold. The attachment of Sto7d enhances the tolerance of M‐MuLV RT to the most common amplification inhibitors: NaCl, urea, guanidinium chloride, formamide, components of human whole blood and human blood plasma. Thus, fusing M‐MuLV RT with an additional domain results in more robust and efficient RTs.
In Central Yakutia, cultivating of Fragaria × ananassa varieties involves high risk of frost-killing. To create winter-resistant cultivars of garden strawberry there was performed open pollination under the conditions of redundant pollen background of local wild strawberry F. mandshurica Staudt. Most seedlings grown from the achenes thus developed retain specific characters of F. × ananassa. The stock of selected seedlings was established. Creation of the varieties adapted to the local growing conditions proves the selection technique to be successful.
The antagonism of Agouti protein (AP) and Agouti-related protein on melanocortin receptors suggests an inhibitory role in the regulation of steroidogenesis. However, we have previously demonstrated that ectopic AP overexpression increased restraint-induced corticosterone release and adrenal reactivity to ACTH in mice. A high steroidogenic response to ACTH may be a consequence of a stimulatory AP action on the adenylate cyclase (AC) and/or intracellular steroidogenic enzymes. The aim of the present study was to estimate the effect of ectopic AP overexpression on the activity of AC and steroidogenic intracellular enzymes.ACTH and forskolin were used for AC stimulation, and dibutyryl cAMP and progesterone were used for stimulation of intracellular steroidogenic enzymes in isolated adrenal cells in male C57Bl/6J mice of two Agouti genotypes: A(y)/a (ectopic AP overexpression) and a/a (absence of AP in all tissues).ACTH and forskolin increased cAMP accumulation to the same extent in both A(y)/a and a/a mouse adrenal cells (P<0.001; ANOVA), but resulted in higher corticosterone production in A(y)/a mice (P<0.001 for ACTH and P<0.01 for forskolin; ANOVA). Dibutyryl cAMP- and progesterone-induced corticosterone production was higher in A(y)/a mice than in a/a mice (P<0.001 for dibutyryl cAMP and P<0.01 for progesterone; ANOVA).Ectopic AP overexpression increased stimulated corticosterone production and intracellular steroidogenic enzyme reactivity to cAMP without an effect on AC activity.
Glucocorticoids (GC) are crucial regulators of homeostasis and function. Despite its negative side effects, glucocorticoid therapy in neonates is widely used antenatally for accelerating fetal lung maturation in cases of preterm birth. GC action is mediated via glucocorticoid receptors — ligand-activated transcription factors. Cell death and viability in the neonatal brain are regulated by many factors, but the glucocorticoid receptor signalling is high above them. The present work studies the changes in the expression of genes for apoptosis regulators with Bcl-2 homology (BH) domains (Bcl-xL, Bax, Bim, Bok, Bid) in the neonatal rat hippocampus after dexamethasone (DEX) and CpdA administration. CpdA is a dissociative ligand — glucocorticoid receptor modulator — that shifts glucocorticoid receptor (GR) activity toward transrepression. Ligands administration to P2 pups caused different patterns of timeline changes in the expression of the studied genes. We observed the first increase in the mRNA level of the genes which have glucocorticoid response element (GRE) (Bcl-xL, Bim) in their promoter 30 min after DEX administration. Activated GR action on cells in the neonatal hippocampus is complex and long-lasting; it could also contain receptor homo- and hetero-dimerisation. Using rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells as a test system, we assessed GR-GR and GR-MR (mineralocorticoid receptor) dimerisation with proximity ligation assay (PLA) assay separately in the nucleus and cytoplasm after DEX and CpdA administration. An increase in GR-GR dimers in the cell nucleus was observed only after DEX administration. In the cell cytoplasm, we observed a gradual (DEX more than CpdA) increase in the number of both GR-GR and GR-MR dimers.
The difference in the angular distributions between beauty quarks and antiquarks, referred to as the charge asymmetry, is measured for the first time in bb pair production at a hadron collider.

The data used correspond to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb(-1) collected at 7 TeV center-of-mass energy in proton-proton collisions with the LHCb detector. The measurement is performed in three regions of the invariant mass of the bb system. The beauty jets are required to satisfy 2 20 GeV, and have an opening angle in the transverse plane Δ ϕ > 2.6 rad.

The results obtained are A(C)(bb))(40 105 GeV/c(2)) = 1.6 ± 1.7 ± 0.6%, where A(C)(bb)) is defined as the asymmetry in the difference in rapidity between jets formed from the beauty quark and antiquark, where in each case the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. These measurements are consistent with the predictions of the standard model.
The observed deviations of laser properties from sample to sample are compared to other works.

Three samples of vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser diodes (VCSEL) designed by Vixar Inc. are studied. The central wavelength of the lasers is about 894.6 nm (D1 line of cesium). The threshold currents of laser generation are measured. The laser injection current is modulated at microwave frequency about 4.596 GHz that is a half of Cs ground-state hyperfine splitting frequency. Dependence of phase modulation index of laser radiation on microwave power is determined. A particular attention is paid to observation of additional optical frequencies (ghost modes) in the laser spectra, having the same polarization as the main spectral sidebands. Also, asymmetry of the spectra caused by a residual amplitude modulation is measured.

This effect can harm metrological characteristics of various quantum devices where VSCELs are nowadays used. The optimal regimes of laser performance to avoid generation of the ghost modes are found. The results can be important for creation of various VCSEL-based quantum devices (atomic clocks, magnetometers).
The sea-buckthorn variety Yakhontovaya was obtained as a result of free pollination from a selected form of the Katun population

The paper presents the results of breeding work (1996-2017) on creation of the highly adaptive, polyvitaminic variety of sea-buckthorn Yakhontovaya. The variety testing was carried out in typical climatic conditions of the forest-steppe of Priobye of Novosibirsk region on medium-textured medium-humus medium-loamy leached chernozem.

The plant is characterized by high adaptive capacity, winter hardiness, stable yield (> 8 t/ha), and wiltresistance. Berries are only slightly damaged by seabuckthorn fly. They have a late term of ripening with dry separation from branches. Due to the high content of sugars, carotenoids and good technological properties, berries are suitable for processing, freezing and fresh consumption. The berry pulp may contain oils up to 4.2%, carotenoids 45.5 mg%, sugars 7.9%, vitamin C 222.7 mg%. A distinctive feature is the compactness of the crown, which provides for the high density of the yield and the possibility of using compact space for planting. The high coefficient of productivity makes it possible to recommend the variety for semi-mechanical harvesting. According to the assessment results, the variety was included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements in 2013 and acknowledged as suitable for cultivation in the West Siberian region in 2017.
The following salts have been synthesized and structurally characterized: Na2[IrF6]·2H2O (C2/m, a = 6.6327(4), b = 10.0740(6), c = 5.9283(5) Å, β = 122.3880(10)°) and Na3[IrF6]·2H2O (R-3, a = 7.5963(3), b = 7.5963(3), c = 9.8056(4) Å) (for the first time) by single-crystal X-ray diffraction; the unit cell parameters of a tetragonal phase (P42/mnm, a = 5.005(2), c = 10.074(4) Å) of the stable α-Na2[IrF6] were determined for the first time; and the unit cell parameters of β-Na2[IrF6] (P321, a = 9.332(4), c = 5.136(2) Å) and Na3[IrF6] (P21/n, a = 5.567(4), b = 5.778(4), c = 8.017(2) Å, β = 90.41(2)°) were determined using powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). The data of the thermal stability was obtained by differential thermal analysis (DTA) for all substances. The presence of Na3[IrF6]·H2O monohydrate is predicted. H2[IrF6] was prepared in a solution and was demonstrated to behave as a strong dibasic acid.