Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
A multimode all-fiber Raman laser enabling cascaded generation of high-quality 1019-nm output beam at direct pumping by highly-multimode (M 2 >30) 940-nm laser diodes has been demonstrated.

The laser is made of a 100/140 graded-index fiber with special in-fiber Bragg gratings which secure sequential generation of the 1 st (976 nm) and 2 nd (1019 nm) Stokes orders. Comparing different 1019-nm cavity structures shows that the half-open cavity with one FBG and distributed feedback via random Rayleigh backscattering provides excellent quality (M 2 ∼1.3) with higher slope efficiency of pump-to-2 nd Stokes conversion than in the conventional 2-FBG cavity.

The maximum achieved slope efficiency amounts to about 40% at output powers of up to 12 W limited by the 3 rd Stokes generation.
In this paper, the influence of surface modification on the characteristics and properties of AlN thin films on Si and glass-ceramics substrates is investigated. The surface modification was made at various parameters of argon cluster ions.

By using XRD and Raman spectroscopy, it was shown that the obtained AlN films have a hexagonal structure with a characteristic direction of texturing along the c axis and slight deviations from it. A comparison of the AlN surface morphology obtained by atomic force microscopy before and after cluster processing was demonstrated. The optical properties, the quality of the boundaries, and the distribution map of the thickness of the functional layer of AlN were investigated by the methods of spectral and spatial resolution ellipsometry. By using the cross-sectional SEM, the direction of crystallite texturing was demonstrated. The influence of argon cluster ion bombardment on the stoichiometry of samples was analyzed by EDX spectroscopy.

This demonstrated that the cluster ions with low energy per atom (E/N = 10 eV/atom) have a high efficiency of surface smoothing. A decrease in the intensity of the Raman peaks and an increase in their full-width after bombardment with cluster ions were found, which may be caused by a change in the physicochemical state of the surface. The results obtained demonstrate the efficiency of the cluster ion smoothing of polycrystalline thin films for microelectronics, particularly when creating surface acoustic wave resonators.
A simple factorized form of high energy QCD amplitudes with gluon quantum numbers in the cross channels and negative signature is known to be violated in the next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic approximation (NNLLA). The violation is explained by contributions of three-Reggeon cuts. The contributions of the cuts to the elastic amplitudes and the consequent need to change the scheme of derivation of the BFKL equation in the NNLLA is discussed.
In this study, cytogenetic analysis of the metaphase chromosomes from imaginal discs of Aedes (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes-Aedes communis, Ae. punctor, Ae. intrudens, and Ae. rossicus-was performed. The patterns of C-banding and DAPI staining of the heteroсhromatin and the length of the chromosomes demonstrate species specificity.

In particular, the Ae. punctor chromosomes are the shortest compared with Ae. communis, Ae. intrudens, and Ae. rossicus, and they also carry additional C and DAPI bands in intercalary regions. The Ae. intrudens chromosomes are the longest, they have pericentromeric C bands, and they almost lack any DAPI bands near the centromere of chromosome 3 versus Ae. communis, which has the largest pericentromeric DAPI blocks in all three chromosome pairs. Ae. rossicus also possesses DAPI bands in the centromeric regions of all chromosomes, but their staining is weaker compared with those of Ae. communis. Therefore, the analysis of karyotypes is a tool for species-level identification of these mosquitoes.
Usage of the optimization algorithms for the service of requests for repair in certain examples.

The methodology for developing a model of an ecologically plastic variety of agricultural crops is based on an integrated approach and is built using the following mathematical and software-algorithmic methods: multifactorial correlation and cluster analyzes, calculating the integral assessment coefficient of samples depending on the share contributions of valuable traits, assessing the stability of genotypes by the value of the selection index methods of static and dynamic concept. The general provisions of the method are determined, the results of which make it possible to determine the criteria for a future variety, a complex of qualitative, quantitative, morph-physiological and technological characteristics. A database was created based on the results of field tests for 2018-2020. three varieties of spring wheat and four forms of spring triticale. The database contains digitized data of phenological observations and structural analysis of the studied samples for the period of research and serves to identify the relationships of characters, determine their contribution to productivity and retrospective analysis of breeding data. In accordance with the stages of modeling with the help of the developed software, the elements of the model of an ecologically plastic variety of spring triticale were determined by 14 features.

The proposed optimal parameters of the model will increase the efficiency of selection of economically valuable genotypes and targeted selection for adaptability to the conditions of the region to create new high-yielding varieties of spring triticale.
Start The compared study of the properties of liquid-phase and electric explosion alumina nanoparticles was made. The X-ray diffraction analysis demonstrated that these nanoparticles remain in amorphous and semi-amorphous states. The complete structural information of Al 2 O 3 nanoparticles was obtained as a result of the full-profile refinement of their model phase parameters. The parameters of the unit cells, spatial distribution of atoms, and occupancy of nodes were also determined.The data of IR spectra of surface OH groups and adsorbed CO revealed that the surface imperfection of an electric explosive sample is lower than that obtained using the liquid-phase method. Using photoluminescent spectroscopy, impurities of Cr 3+ , Mn 4+ and Ti 3+ in the octahedral oxygen coordination and Fe 3+ in the tetrahedral oxygen coordination were detected. It was observed that the concentration of these impurities was significantly higher in the electric explosion sample. Using UV-Vis DR spectroscopy, it was found that the liquid-phase sample was amorphous, and the electric explosive sample was well crystallized and most probably consisted of 2D and 3D nanostructures.
The paper describes experimental results on generation of heterogeneous flows with nanoparticles in a short-duration wind tunnel. A piston reactor is used as a settling chamber. Nanoparticles of carbon, silicon carbide, and silicon are synthesized in the reactor by the method of adiabatic compression. A method of obtaining particles coated by carbon is described. A supersonic flow generated by this method can be used for studying gas dynamics of flows containing nanoparticles.
Numerical simulation of the outflow of a coolant with supercritical initial parameters at a butt-break of high-pressure pipeline is carried out.

The results of calculation of the outflow dynamics on a PV-diagram, as well as the pressure evolution are presented.

It is shown that the flow rate weakly depends on temperature at its low values (up to 0, 9 Tc). In the second region (from 0, 9 Tc to Tc), the coolant boiling occurs inside the channel, which leads to a sharp drop in the flow rate with increasing temperature. And the third area (above Tc) is typical for the gas coolant outflow, in which the density strongly depends on pressure and temperature.
III-nitride heterostructures in the form of multilayered quantum wells (MQWs) or quantum dots (QDs) and interacting Ge QDs ("quantum molecules") are promising candidates for high-speed intersubband (ISB) optical devices relying on the quantum confinement of electrons. Microstructural parameters (interatomic distances, coordination numbers, and Debye-Waller factors) were determined by means of EXAFS spectroscopy based on the Synchrotron Radiation, and the relationship between the variations in these parameters and the morphology of superlattices and symmetric assembles of QDs were established. The EXAFS technique has been used to study the local structure of thin hexagonal GaN/AlN MQWs grown by ammonia MBE at different temperatures. It is shown that the heterointerface intermixing leads to a decrease in the Ga-Al interatomic distance and the Ga-Ga coordination number in MQWs. The degree of intermixing in the boundary layers rises from 30% to 40% with increase of the growth temperature from 795 to 895 °C. It was found that in the first phase of quantum molecules growth Ge atoms concentration is 25%. With further growth (deposition of the base layers) Ge concentration increases up to 35-45%, depending on the temperature (from 610 to 550 °C) of deposition.
Bleuse et al. (EuroPar 2018) introduced a general model for interference-aware scheduling in large scale parallel platforms. They considered two different types of communications: the flows induced by data exchanges during computations and the flows related to Input/Output operations. Rather than taking into account these communications explicitly, they restrict the possible allocations of a job by external topological constraints. In their work, jobs are considered to be rigid: a job requires a specific number of machines in order to be executed. Here, we first adopt the same framework for the platform and the aforementioned topological constraints. We show that there is no polynomial time approximation algorithm under the rigid setting with ratio smaller than 3/2, unless P = NP. Then, we focus on the malleable setting. We show that in the proportional-malleable setting, where the work of every job remains constant independently of the number of machines on which it is executed, the scheduling problem remains NPhard even in the uniform case, where the maximum number of machines is the same for all the jobs. Then, we propose a 2-approximation algorithm for this case. Furthermore, we present an approximation algorithm solving the more general case where the maximum number of machines is job-dependent and the work of the jobs is increasing with respect to the number of used machines, due to the communication overhead.
The present work is devoted to the study of fluid equations of state in nanoporous media. The modelling is carried out in the framework of the molecular dynamics method using the potential of hard spheres. The dependences of the compressibility factor on packing fraction are studied for various characteristic pore sizes, porosities, and types of grains packing of a porous medium. It is shown that for all cases considered, deviations of the obtained equations of state from the Carnahan-Starling equation of state are insignificant. These deviations may be due to the presence of restricted zones in a porous medium inaccessible to fluid molecules that is also discussed in the work.
Plasma outflow through helically corrugated mirrors is influenced by its E × B rotation due to friction between the trapped and passing particles. If the relative velocity of these populations exceeds the thermal velocity, the onset of the two-stream instability will make the friction effective even in weakly-collisional plasmas.

This regime can be achieved by plasma biasing. The momentum transfer between the plasma and the magnetic corrugation is accompanied by radial drifts and currents.

The radial pinch effect is shown to be proportional to the axial pressure gradient that is created by the helical mirror. However, it can be directed either to or from the axis, depending on the symmetry of the helix and the sign of biasing. Equations of the transport model are presented and analyzed.
Exclusive J/ψ and ψ(2S) vector meson production has been observed in the dimuon channel using the LHCb detector. The cross-section times branching fractions to two muons with pseudorapidities between 2.0 and 4.5 are measured to be
The article examines the case of integration of an intellectually gifted adolescent with autism spectrum disorder in a general education school. It provides results of the applied behavioral analysis aimed at developing general learning skills. The child, diagnosed with Asperger’s syndrome at early school age, encountered difficulties related to the inability to study effectively at school in spite of the clear evidence of intellectual giftedness (including such motivational and instrumental preconditions as high levels of cognitive interest, verbal and abstract reasoning, and educability). The article reflects on the risks and advantages of the developmental work with the “twice exceptional” adolescent following an individual behavioral plan. Based on the results of the study, the article outlines the possible ways of forming the learning behavior skills: learning activity-based, communicative and organizational. The article discusses the necessity of further support of the “twice exceptional” adolescent based on an integrated approach with regard to the special learning needs of the intellectually gifted adolescent.
The high-power Free Electron Laser (FEL) based on a multi-turn microtron-recuperator is currently operating in Novosibirsk [1].

The radiation is transported to all user stations using one transportation system, referred to as the 'radiation optical channel'. To ensure radiation transportation to the required user station, this optical channel contains a set of special mechanical units (mirrors and shutters).

The radiation of the FEL is used for carrying out experiments in different areas of physics, biology, and chemistry. The states of all these units determine the track of radiation propagation from its source to the required user station.
As is well known, at high supersonic speeds, both vortex disturbances of the first mode and acoustic disturbances of the second mode are unstable. The more unstable disturbances of the second mode can be stabilized using sound-absorbing porous coatings. At the same time, such coatings have a destabilizing effect on the disturbances of the first mode. Surface cooling is one of the factors potentially capable of preventing such a destabilization.

Based on this assumption, in the present work, the linear theory of stability is used to consider the combined effect of a sound-absorbing coating and surface cooling.

The linear stability of the boundary layer at high supersonic Mach numbers on a flat plate with a cooled porous surface is studied.
The possibility of experimental simulation of supersonic jets expansion from spacecraft nozzles on compact experimental installations with a comparatively low capacity of vacuum pumping systems is considered. The experience of the Novosibirsk State University on the use of various variants of simulation of gas-dynamic jets is expounded. Examples of measurements of supersonic jets that flow from supersonic nozzles to vacuum and into a highly rarefied medium are presented. The results of spectral luminescence measurements excited by a focused electron beam, longitudinal and transverse density profiles of jets using modern scanning techniques, as well as photographic images of jets using a modulated electron beam technique are considered. The possibilities and peculiarities of each registration method are discussed.
Background The rapid growth of scientific literature has rendered the task of finding relevant information one of the critical problems in almost any research. Search engines, like Google Scholar, Web of Knowledge, PubMed, Scopus, and others, are highly effective in document search; however, they do not allow knowledge extraction. In contrast to the search engines, text-mining systems provide extraction of knowledge with representations in the form of semantic networks. Of particular interest are tools performing a full cycle of knowledge management and engineering, including automated retrieval, integration, and representation of knowledge in the form of semantic networks, their visualization, and analysis. STRING, Pathway Studio, MetaCore, and others are well-known examples of such products. Previously, we developed the Associative Network Discovery System (ANDSystem), which also implements such a cycle. However, the drawback of these systems is dependence on the employed ontologies describing the subject area, which limits their functionality in searching information based on user-specified queries. Results The ANDDigest system is a new web-based module of the ANDSystem tool, permitting searching within PubMed by using dictionaries from the ANDSystem tool and sets of user-defined keywords. ANDDigest allows performing the search based on complex queries simultaneously, taking into account many types of objects from the ANDSystem’s ontology. The system has a user-friendly interface, providing sorting, visualization, and filtering of the found information, including mapping of mentioned objects in text, linking to external databases, sorting of data by publication date, citations number, journal H-indices, etc. The system provides data on trends for identified entities based on dynamics of interest according to the frequency of their mentions in PubMed by years. Conclusions The main feature of ANDDigest is its functionality, serving as a specialized search for information about multiple associative relationships of objects from the ANDSystem’s ontology vocabularies, taking into account user-specified keywords. The tool can be applied to the interpretation of experimental genetics data, the search for associations between molecular genetics objects, and the preparation of scientific and analytical reviews. It is presently available at https://anddigest.sysbio.ru/ .
We report electrical and magneto transport measurements in mesoscopic size, two-dimensional (2D) electron gas in a GaAs quantum well.

Remarkably, we find that the probe configuration and sample geometry strongly affects the temperature evolution of local resistance.

We attribute all transport properties to the presence of hydrodynamic effects. Experimental results confirm the theoretically predicted significance of viscous flow in mesoscopic devices.
We investigate theoretically the near-wall region in elastic turbulence of a dilute polymer solution in the limit of large Weissenberg number. As has been established experimentally, elastic turbulence possesses a boundary layer where the fluid velocity field can be approximated by a steady shear flow with relatively small fluctuations on the top of it. Assuming that at the bottom of the boundary layer the dissolved polymers can be considered as passive objects, we examine analytically and numerically the statistics of the polymer conformation, which is highly non-uniform in the wall-normal direction. Next, imposing the condition that the passive regime terminates at the border of the boundary layer, we obtain an estimate for the ratio of the mean flow to the magnitude of the flow fluctuations. This ratio is determined by the polymer concentration, the radius of gyration of polymers and their length in the fully extended state. The results of our asymptotic analysis reproduce the qualitative features of elastic turbulence at finite Weissenberg numbers.
Purpose of the work: to present a method for diagnosing the activity of inflammatory bowel diseases based on a combination of electrical and viscoelastic parameters of erythrocytes and the level of fecal calprotectin. Materials and methods. We examined 109 patients (37.7±11.7 years) with IBD (50 with ulcerative colitis, 41 with Crohn’s disease, 18 patients with unclassified colitis), of which 36 patients were examined in dynamics for 0.5–1 years, and 53 surveyed comparison groups. Taking into account the observation in dynamics in 109 cases, the presence of exacerbation of IBD was established and in 36 cases — remission of the diseases. The electrical and viscoelastic parameters of erythrocytes were studied by dielectrophoresis. The level of fecal calprotectin was determined by ELISA (R-Biopharm, Germany). Results. Differentiating values have been established for a number of erythrocyte parameters: average cell diameter, polarizability at a frequency of 106 Hz, the velocity of movement of cells towards electrodes, amplitude of erythrocyte deformation at a frequency of 106 Hz, the summarized indicators of rigidity, viscosity, electrical conductivity, position of the crossover frequency and the level of fecal calprotectin to distinguish patients with IBD in stages of exacerbation and remission. The proposed method for the combined use of erythrocyte parameters and the level of fecal calprotectin provided sufficient diagnostic accuracy: sensitivity 91.9%, specificity 93.1%, accuracy index 92.3%. The advantages of this approach are minimally invasiveness, high productivity, independence of the definition from the qualifications and experience of a specialist, low cost and labor intensity, and acceptability for the patient. This approach allows to establish the presence of exacerbation or remission, regardless of the nosological form of IBD. Conclusion. The combined use of electrical and viscoelastic parameters of erythrocytes and the level of fecal calprotectin is promising for determining the activity of the disease in patients with IBD.
Aging populations face diminishing quality of life due to increased disease and morbidity. These challenges call for longevity research to focus on understanding the pathways controlling healthspan.

We use the data from the UK Biobank (UKB) cohort and observe that the risks of major chronic diseases increased exponentially and double every eight years, i.e., at a rate compatible with the Gompertz mortality law. Assuming that aging drives the acceleration in morbidity rates, we build a risk model to predict the age at the end of healthspan depending on age, gender, and genetic background. Using the sub-population of 300,447 British individuals as a discovery cohort, we identify 12 loci associated with healthspan at the whole-genome significance level.

We find strong genetic correlations between healthspan and all-cause mortality, life-history, and lifestyle traits. We thereby conclude that the healthspan offers a promising new way to interrogate the genetics of human longevity.
Although a great deal of information exists on the association between month of birth and risk of cancer death,1–3 no data are available from Siberia where a harsh climate might be expected to amplify associations reported from more temperate zones.

All death certificates for people who died during the period 1971–1978 in the city of Novosibirsk, southwestern Siberia, were reviewed for any mention of lung cancer. The following information was collected on all decedents: age, sex, region and month of birth, and month of death. A total of 376 male decedents of Siberian origin were included in the analysis. For computing the expected values, data on month-of-birth distribution of sex- and age-matched general population were obtained from the 1989 census data for Novosibirsk. The periodic regression (cosinor) analysis, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and goodness-of-fit statistics were applied.

When observed/expected death ratios were graphed by date of birth, the data demonstrated a near-sinusoidal distribution with an evident peak in August–September. The age at death as a function of month of birth also displays a marked seasonal pattern. Overall, according to the cosine function, peak is displaced by approximately 180° compared with the incidence curve such that men who were born in March die 2.9 years older than their September-born counterparts. Although there are clear sinusoidally modeled associations with birth month, no evident relationship is found between month of death and either the death rate or age at death from lung cancer. The seasonal pattern for age at death is also confirmed in a sample of 54 decedents of both sexes in Mirny. No periodic association is found for a number of other death causes. There is also no evident birth month periodicity for Novosibirsk women dying of lung cancer.