Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
It has been shown that the dramatic increase in CBG concentration and the decrease in AFP concentration of the same degree occur in males and females during the third postnatal week.

The levels of corticosterone, corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG), and a-fetoprotein (AFP) were measured in the serum of developing rats. The considerable rise in corticosterone level was observed only during 4th postnatal week.

The data obtained in the study suggest that CBG may be responsible for the essential contribution to the developmental rise in glucocorticoid activity.
Erythromycin is an antibiotic that prolongs the QT-interval and causes Torsade de Pointes (TdP) by blocking the rapid delayed rectifying potassium current (I Kr ) without affecting either the slow delayed rectifying potassium current (I Ks ) or inward rectifying potassium current (I K1 ). Erythromycin exerts this effect in the range of 1.5 μM–100 μM. However, the mechanism of action underlying its cardiotoxic effect and its role in the induction of arrhythmias, especially in multicellular cardiac experimental models, remain unclear.

In this study the re-entry formation, conduction velocity, and maximum capture rate were investigated in a monolayer of human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes from a healthy donor and in a neonatal rat ventricular myocyte (NRVM) monolayer using the optical mapping method under erythromycin concentrations of 15, 30, and 45 μM.

In the monolayer of human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes, the conduction velocity (CV) varied up to 12±9% at concentrations of 15–45 μM as compared with that of the control, whereas the maximum capture rate (MCR) declined substantially up to 28±12% ( p < 0.05). In contrast, the tests on the NRVM monolayer showed no significant effect on the MCR. The results of the arrhythmogenicity test provided evidence for a 'window' of concentrations of the drug (15 to 30 μM) at which the probability of re-entry increased.
A numerical and experimental study of the spectral distribution of disturbances hotshot wind tunnel was performed.

Numerical simulation of disturbances evolution in the nozzle of the wind tunnel was carried out by solving 2D Navier-Stokes equations using the ANSYS Fluent program package. Experiments were carried out in the IT-302M high-enthalpy hotshot wind tunnel ITAM SB RAS.

It was found that disturbances are the superposition of fast acoustic waves propagating along axial direction and oblique slow acoustic waves which have less amplitude.
Today, there is a revolutionary development of microchannel systems. In such systems, it is extremely important to determine the two-phase flow regime, depending on the gas and liquid flow rates. The two-phase flow in the microchannel is affected by many factors, such as the parameters of the initial section, the geometry and dimensions of the channel, the properties of the channel surfaces and liquid.

In the present study, we have investigated a two-phase flow in a microchannel with a height of 50 μm and a width of 20 mm. It is shown that, with an increase in the size of the liquid nozzle, the film regimes are replaced by pulsating ones in the investigated range of gas and liquid flow rates. The characteristic frequencies of pulsations, their duration and delays are studied, depending on the superficial velocities of the gas and liquid.

It is shown that the duration of the pulsation is mainly influenced by the gas flow rate, and the delay between them – by the liquid flow rate.
The results of an experiment to determine the composition of selenium, nitrogen and sulfur-containing compounds in the vapor-gas phase above the surface of the autoclaved sample of the waste substance of the Ursk sulfide-containing gold mining waste (Kemerovo region)

with the addition of a cultured bacterium of the Bacillus mycoides species

are presented.
In this paper, we propose the algorithm for locating microseismic events by the method of directed summation of energy envelopes over a network of stations. The algorithm is based on a back projection technology, which allows visualizing the intensity of seismic emission by layer. A comparative stability and robustness analysis of the proposed method with the method using the semblance is carried out.
The model is developed and the boundary condition is approximated at the lower boundary of the channel. It is shown that a hydrophobic surface can significantly reduce the hydraulic resistance due to the occurrence of bubble layer. Moreover, at the slip ratio equal to 1 mm, the water flow rate in the channel with the height of 1 mm increases by 2.5 times.
Protein/ice interactions are investigated by a novel method based on measuring the characteristic features of X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of hexagonal ice (Ih).

Aqueous solutions of four proteins and other solutes are studied using high-resolution synchrotron XRD. Two pharmaceutical proteins, recombinant human albumin and monoclonal antibody (both at 100 mg/mL), have a pronounced effect on the properties of ice crystals, reducing the size of the Ih crystalline domains and increasing the microstrain. Lysozyme (100 mg/mL) and an antifreeze protein (1 mg/mL) have much weaker impact on Ih. Neither of the proteins studied exhibit preferred interactions with specific crystalline faces of Ih.

It is proposed that the pharmaceutical proteins interact with ice crystals indirectly by accumulating in the quasi-liquid layer next to ice crystallization front, rather than directly, via a sorption on ice crystals. This is the first report, to the best of our knowledge, of major difference in the protein/ice interaction between non-antifreeze proteins. Another important finding is a detection of a second (minor) population of ice crystals, which is tentatively identified as a high-pressure form of ice, possibly IceIII or IceIX. This finding highlights a potential role of mechanical stresses in freeze-induced destabilization of proteins.
Oxidative stress contributes to numerous pathophysiological conditions such as development of cancer, neurodegenerative, and cardiovascular diseases. A variety of measurements of oxidative stress markers in biological systems have been developed; however, many of these methods are not specific, can produce artifacts, and do not directly detect the free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause oxidative stress. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is a unique tool that allows direct measurements of free radical species. Cyclic hydroxylamines are useful and convenient molecular probes that readily react with ROS to produce stable nitroxide radicals, which can be quantitatively measured by EPR. In this work, we critically review recent applications of various cyclic hydroxylamine spin probes in biology to study oxidative stress, their advantages, and the shortcomings. Recent Advances: In the past decade, a number of new cyclic hydroxylamine spin probes have been developed and their successful application for ROS measurement using EPR has been published. These new state-of-the-art methods provide improved selectivity and sensitivity for in vitro and in vivo studies.Although cyclic hydroxylamine spin probes EPR application has been previously described, there has been lack of translation of these new methods into biomedical research, limiting their widespread use. This work summarizes "best practice" in applications of cyclic hydroxylamine spin probes to assist with EPR studies of oxidative stress.Additional studies to advance hydroxylamine spin probes from the "basic science" to biomedical applications are needed and could lead to better understanding of pathological conditions associated with oxidative stress. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 1433-1443.
Aporrectodea rosea is a cosmopolitan earthworm species widespread in agricultural soils throughout the world.

In this paper, we present its complete mitochondrial genome, which is a circular molecule 15,086 bp long

and has gene content and arrangement typical for earthworm mtDNA.
The present study delivers a computational approach for the understanding of the mechanism of phase transitions between polymorphs of small organic molecules. By using state of the art periodic DFT calculations augmented with dispersion corrections and an external stress tensor together with gas-phase cluster calculations, we thoroughly explained the reversible phase transitions of three polymorphs of the model system, namely crystalline l-serine in the pressure range up to 8 GPa. This study has shown that at the macroscopic level the main driving force of the phase transitions is the decrease in the volume of the crystal unit cell, which contributes to the enthalpy difference between the two forms, but not to the difference in their internal crystal energies. At the microscopic level we suggest that hydrogen bond overstrain leads to a martensitic-like, cooperative, displacive phase transition with substantial experimental hysteresis, while no such overstrain was found for the "normal type", atom per atom, reconstructive phase transition. The predicted pressures for the phase transitions deducted by the minimum enthalpy criterion are in reasonable agreement with the observed ones. By delivering unambiguous explanations not provided by previous studies and probably not accessible to experiment, this work demonstrates the predictive and explanatory power of quantum chemistry, confirming its indispensable role in structural studies.
Роль Конституции в процессе реализации и обеспечения репродуктивных прав человека и гражданина в Российской Федерации Е. Ю
The nuclear envelope (NE) is a fundamental structure of eukaryotic cells with a dual role: it separates two distinct compartments, and enables communication between them via nuclear pore complexes (NPCs). Little is known about NPCs and NE structural organization in plants. We investigated the structure of NPCs from both sides of the NE in tobacco BY-2 cells. We detected structural differences between the NPCs of dividing and quiescent nuclei. Importantly, we also traced the organizational pattern of the NPCs, and observed non-random NPC distribution over the nuclear surface. Lastly, we observed an organized filamentous protein structure that underlies the inner nuclear membrane, and interconnects NPCs. The results are discussed within the context of the current understanding of NE structure and function in higher eukaryotes.
We show that rotating particles at the liquid–gas interface can be efficiently manipulated using the surface-wave analogue of optical lattices. Two orthogonal standing waves generate surface flows of counter-rotating half-wavelength unit cells, the liquid interface metamaterial, whose geometry is controlled by the wave phase shift.

Here we demonstrate that by placing active magnetic spinners inside such metamaterials, one makes a powerful tool which allows manipulation and self-assembly of spinners, turning them into vehicles capable of transporting matter and information between autonomous metamaterial unit cells. We discuss forces acting on a spinner carried by a nonuniform flow and show how the forces confine spinners to orbit inside the same-sign vortex cells of the wave-driven flow.

Reversing the spin, we move the spinner into an adjacent cell. By changing the spinning frequency or the wave amplitude, one can precisely control the spinner orbit. Multiple spinners within a unit cell self-organize into stable patterns, e.g., triangles or squares, orbiting around the center of the cell. Spinners having different frequencies can also be confined, such that the higher-frequency spinner occupies the inner orbit and the lower-frequency one circles on the outer orbit, while the orbital motions of both spinners are synchronized.
We give an overview of the activity in studying photoprocesses on a tensor-polarized deuterium target, which is carried out at the VEPP–3 electron storage ring.

Recent experimental results on tensor asymmetries in two-body deuteron photodisintegration at the photon energy up to 500 MeV, and in coherent pion photoproduction on deuteron are presented. Plans to upgrade the facility and future experiments are discussed.

Further progress is connected with the installation of a tagging system for almost-real photons. This would allow us to extend the measurements of polarization observables in photonuclear reactions on deuteron up to a photon energy of 1.5 GeV and permit to perform double polarized experiments – with linear polarized photon beams and tensor/vector polarized deuterium targets.
In this review we integrate results of long term experimental study on ant "language" and intelligence which were fully based on fundamental ideas of Information Theory, such as the Shannon entropy, the Kolmogorov complexity, and the Shannon's equation connecting the length of a message (l) and its frequency (p), i.e., l = –log p for rational communication systems.

This approach enabled us to obtain the following important results on ants' communication and intelligence: (i) to reveal "distant homing" in ants, that is, their ability to transfer information about remote events; (ii) to estimate the rate of information transmission; (iii) to reveal that ants are able to grasp regularities and to use them for "compression" of information; (iv) to reveal that ants are able to transfer to each other the information about the number of objects; (v) to discover that ants can add and subtract small numbers.

The obtained results show that information theory is not only excellent mathematical theory, but many of its results may be considered as Nature laws.
Aim. The aim of work was to study the existing environmental risk factors for overweight and obesity in preschool and primary school children living in Novosibirsk. Material and Methods. The study included 56 patients who visited a pediatrician or endocrinologist in Clinic of New Medical Technology Center, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine. We used the individual food preference questionnaire developed based on the most common foods affecting body weight gain according to data of World Health Organization (WHO). Physical inactivity was assessment using a questionnaire developed based on the materials the International Physical Activity Prevalence Study. Children were divided into groups according consumption of carbohydrates: group 1 comprised children with excess consumption of carbohydrates; children of group 2 consumed normal amount of carbohydrates. The examined children included 21 children with normal body weight (10 boys and 11 girls with the average age of 7.19 ± 0.56 years); 35 children were overweight/obese (15 boys and 20 girls with the average age of 7.37 ± 0.35 years). A group of children with sleep time less than eight hours was assigned depending on sleep duration assessment. Results and discussion. The study included 56 children including 21 patients with normal body weight (37.5%), seven overweight children (12.5%), and 28 obese children (50%). The following significant differences were found between groups of obese and control children: physical inactivity was detected in 71.4% out of 35 obese children and in 23.8% of children in control group (p < 0.005, χ 2 = 10.12). Sleep duration less than eight hours was observed in 34.3% of obese children and in 4.7% of healthy children (p < 0.01). Excessive consumption of carbohydrates was observed in 65.7% of obese children and in 19% of children with normal weight (p < 0.001). Intake of complex carbohydrates was approximately the same in both groups. Conclusion. We identified the following risk factors for overweight and obesity in our study: (1) factors contributing to obesity were physical inactivity, excessive consumption of carbohydrates, and impaired sleep-wakefulness pattern due to decrease in sleep time at night less than eight hours; (2) consumption of recommended amounts of fresh fruits and berries was protective against overweight and obesity.
In order to produce transgenic goats with hG-CSF, a total of 24 adult Saanen and 48 adult undefined breed goats were used as donors and recipients, respectively.

Donors were estrus-synchronized with vaginal sponges and superovulated by a treatment with 200 mg FSH given twice daily in decreasing doses over 3 days starting 48 h before sponge removal. Ovulation was induced by injecting 100µg GnRH 36 h after sponge removal. The recipients also received an estrus synchronization treatment. Donors were mated with fertile Saanen bucks and, approximately 72 h after sponge removal, zygotes were recovered surgically by flushing oviducts. The recovered zygotes were briefly centrifuged to a reliable visualization of the pronuclei. The DNA construct containing hG-CSF gene flanked by goat and bovine alphas1-casein sequences was injected into pronuclei of 129 zygotes. The microinjected embryos (3-6 per female) were transferred to 27 recipients.

Ten recipients became pregnant and 12 kids were born. One transgenic male founder was identified in the group of kids. This is the first report of a birth of a transgenic goat in Latin America.
Background Polycomb-group genes ( PcG ) encode proteins that maintain homeotic ( Hox ) gene repression throughout development. Conversely, trithorax-group ( trxG ) genes encode positive factors required for maintenance of long term Hox gene activation. Both kinds of factors bind chromatin regions called maintenance elements (ME). Our previous work has shown that corto , which codes for a chromodomain protein, and dsp1 , which codes for an HMGB protein, belong to a class of genes called the Enhancers of trithorax and Polycomb ( ETP ) that interact with both PcG and trxG . Moreover, dsp1 interacts with the Hox gene Scr , the DSP1 protein is present on a Scr ME in S2 cells but not in embryos. To understand better the role of ETP , we addressed genetic and molecular interactions between corto and dsp1 . Results We show that Corto and DSP1 proteins co-localize at 91 sites on polytene chromosomes and co-immunoprecipitate in embryos. They interact directly through the DSP1 HMG-boxes and the amino-part of Corto, which contains a chromodomain. In order to search for a common target, we performed a genetic interaction analysis. We observed that corto mutants suppressed dsp1 1 sex comb phenotypes and enhanced Antp Scx phenotypes, suggesting that corto and dsp1 are simultaneously involved in the regulation of Scr . Using chromatin immunoprecipitation of the Scr ME, we found that Corto was present on this ME both in Drosophila S2 cells and in embryos, whereas DSP1 was present only in S2 cells. Conclusion Our results reveal that the proteins Corto and DSP1 are differently recruited to a Scr ME depending on whether the ME is active, as seen in S2 cells, or inactive, as in most embryonic cells. The presence of a given combination of ETPs on an ME would control the recruitment of either PcG or TrxG complexes, propagating the silenced or active state.
A highly superlinear in radiation intensity photoconductance induced by terahertz laser radiation with moderate intensities has been observed in quantum point contacts made of GaAs quantum wells operating in the deep tunneling regime. For very low values of the normalized dark conductance $G_{\rm dark}/ G_0 \approx 10^{-6}$, with the conductance quantum $G_0=2e^2/h$, the photoconductance scales exponentially with the radiation intensity, so that already at $ 100 \text{ mW}/\text{cm}^2$ it increases by almost four orders of magnitude. This effect is observed for a radiation electric field oriented along the source drain direction. We provide model considerations of the effect and attribute it to the variation of the tunneling barrier height by the radiation field made possible by local diffraction effects. We also demonstrate that cyclotron resonance due to an external magnetic field manifests itself in the photoconductance completely suppressing the photoresponse.
Highly coherent frequency-entangled photons at telecom band are critical in quantum information protocols and quantum tele-communication. Photon pairs generated by spontaneous parametric down-conversion in nonlinear crystals or modulation instability in optical fibers exhibit random fluctuations.

Here, we demonstrate highly stable frequency-entangled photons based on parametric instability in an active fiber ring cavity, where periodic modulation of dispersion excites parametric resonance, and the characteristic wave number is selected by the periodic modulation of resonator. Background-free autocorrelation of single-shot spectra reveals that spectra of parametric instability sidebands possess high coherence. The quantum properties are tested by the Hanbury Brown-Twiss measurement and Hong-Ou-Mandel interference.

We conform the frequency-entanglement of two parametric instability sidebands by a spatial quantum beating with a fringe visibility of 97.9%. Our results prove that the parametric instability in active fiber cavity is effective to generate highly coherent frequency-entangled photon pairs, which would facilitate subsequent quantum applications.
The present contribution sums up the main activities related to celebrations of the IYCr in Novosibirsk (Russia). I give a general overview of crystallographic research and education in Novosibirsk at the Russian Academy of Sciences and at the Novosibirsk State University, to explain which basis we have for organizing various activities for children and for general public.

I shall, in particular, describe the program of continuous crystallographic education starting from nursery to the university, including crystal growth courses and competitions, research projects involving children, festivals, public lectures, various competitions and exhibitions. A special attention will be paid to the activity of school-children from the French school, who have translated all the posters prepared by J.-L. Hodeau from French into Russian. The group has visited Grenoble and presented their work there, and participated also in the IYCr Opening Ceremony.

Other activities include International Workshops and Conferences for students and young scientists, as well as an OpenLab in cooperation with STOE (Darmstadt).
The free-living marine flatworm Macrostomum lignano is a powerful model organism for use in studying mechanisms of regeneration and stem cell regulation due to its combination of biological and experimental properties, including the availability of transgenesis methods, which is unique among flatworm models. However, due to its relatively recent introduction in research, many aspects of this animal's biology remain unknown. One such question is the influence of culture temperature on Macrostomum biology. We systematically investigated how different culture temperatures affect development time, reproduction rate, regeneration, heat shock response, and gene knockdown efficiency by RNA interference (RNAi) in M. lignano. We used marker transgenic lines to accurately measure the regeneration endpoint, and to establish the stress response threshold for temperature shock. We found that compared to the culture temperature of 20 °C commonly used for M. lignano, temperatures of 25 °C–30 °C substantially increase the speed of development and regeneration, lead to faster manifestation of RNAi phenotypes, and increase reproduction rate without detectable negative consequences for the animal, while temperatures above 30 °C elicit a heat shock response. We show that altering temperature conditions can be used to reduce the time required to establish M. lignano cultures, perform RNAi experiments, store important lines, and optimize microinjection procedures for transgenesis. These findings will help to optimize the design of experiments in M. lignano, and thus facilitate future research using this model organism.