Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Series of 2-pyridyl substituted [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5- a ]azines have been synthesized by reaction of cyanopyridines with N -aminoazinium mesitylenesulfonates under basic conditions. The reaction proceeds smoothly with pyridinium, 1,10-phenanthrolinium and 8-oxyquinolinium salts. In case of quinolinium and isoquinolinium salts dimers of corresponding N -imines were isolated. Pyrazinium- and pyridazinium- N -imines didn’t possess any reactivity toward cyanopyridines. DFT studies give high activation barriers for 4-cyanopyridine cycloaddition to quinolinium and pyrazinium- N -imnes as well as highly negative free energy of dimerisation for quinolinium and isoquinolinium- N -imnes.
This work is devoted to the systematization of the composition of xenogenic olivine from kimberlites as the main mineral composing the lithospheric mantle. Based on data on the composition of olivines from xenoliths and megacrysts from kimberlites, a general division into four types is proposed: olivines of ultrahigh-temperature (HTP-1), high-temperature (HTP-2) and low-temperature (LTP) peridotites, as well as olivines of low-chromium megacryst association (MCA). The separation scheme uses the CaO content as an indicator of the formation temperature and the Mg/(Mg + Fe) ratio as an indicator of the degree of enrichment in olivines. In contrast to Al, the Ca content in olivines from cratonic peridotites is high enough to use only EPMA when applying the proposed scheme. According to this scheme the study of more than 1500 individual olivine xenocrysts from a number of kimberlite bodies of the Siberian platform was made. It revealed three characteristic distributions of olivine types: without high-temperature differences (Obnazhennaya pipe), with significant development of HTP-2 (Olivinovaya and Vtorogodnitsa pipes), and with a significant development of HTP-1 (Dianga pipe). Only the latter type of distribution is characterized by the presence of a noticeable amount of megacryst association olivines. The study of other minor elements (TiO2 and NiO) in olivines allowed us to propose a model for the formation of high-temperature olivines of two different types due to the interaction of megacryst melt of various fractionation stages on depleted rocks of the lithospheric mantle. HTP-2 olivines arose upon exposure to a fractionated melt of the late stages of crystallization, and HTP-1 olivines appeared upon exposure to unfractionated (less enriched with incompatible components) megacryst melt at higher temperatures of the initial stage of crystallization.
In the colliders, the macroscopically large impact parameters give a substantial contribution to the standard cross section of the $e^+ e^- \to e^+ e^- \gamma$ process. These impact parameters may be much larger than the transverse sizes of the colliding bunches. It means that the standard cross section of this process has to be substantially modified. In the present paper such a beam-size effect is calculated for bremsstrahlung at Super$B$ factory developed in Italy. We find out that this effect reduces beam losses due to bremsstrahlung by about 40%.
In this paper, low-temperature solid-state processes of the dehydrogenation of ammonia borane (NH3BH3, AB) samples of different purity are compared under the conditions of isothermal heating at 100 °C, as well as in the course of thermal analysis which was also carried out at different rates of heating. The composition of boron-containing impurities was studied by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR FTIR) and 11B magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (11B MAS NMR). Accumulation in AB of three- and four-coordinated borate anions upon contact of hydride with air moisture is established. The apparent activation energies were calculated from thermal analysis data, and found to decrease from 174 to 163 kJ/mol as the AB purity decreased from 93% to 79%. This showed itself in a shortening of the induction period during the AB thermolysis under isothermal conditions. The prospects of using the thermal analysis for estimating NH3BH3 reactivity are discussed.
We investigate a promising approach to the energy scaling of mode-locked erbium fiber lasers. It consists in a special cavity design, comprised of a really long polarization maintaining (PM) part and a short non-PM part. Two separate fiber parts ensure the principle of space division for highly chirped dissipative soliton formation and NPE-based self-amplitude modulation effects. As a result, the pulse energy was increased up to 4 nJ with an estimated transform-limited pulse duration of 150 fs. It was also found that further energy scaling is limited by transition to a noise-like pulse generation regime. Numerical simulations revealed that this transition is associated with a contrast of the employed spectral filter and the amplifier noise level, which agrees well with the experiment.
The burner is based on a design by Turbomeca. The fuel is supplied through injection holes between the swirler blades to provide well-premixed combustion, or fed as a central jet from the swirler's centerbody to increase flame stability via a pilot flame.

The measurements of flow structure and flame front are performed by using the stereo particle image velocimetry and OH planar laser-induced fluorescence methods. The measurements are performed for the atmospheric pressure without preheating and for 2 atm with the air preheated up to 500 K. The flow Reynolds numbers for the non-reacting flows at these two conditions are 1.5 × 103 and 1.0 × 103, respectively. The flame dynamics are analyzed based on a high-speed OH* chemiluminescence imaging.

It is found that the flame dynamics at elevated conditions are related with frequent events of flame lift-off and global extinction, followed by re-ignition. The analysis of flow structure via the proper orthogonal decomposition reveals the presence of two different types of coherent flow fluctuations, namely, longitudinal and transverse instability modes. The same procedure is applied to the chemiluminescence images for visualization of bulk movement of the flame front and similar spatial structures are observed. Thus, the longitudinal and transverse instability modes are found in all cases, but for the syngas at the elevated pressure and temperature the longitudinal mode is related to strong thermoacoustic fluctuations. Therefore, the present study demonstrates that a lean syngas flame can become unstable at elevated pressure and temperature conditions due to a greater flame propagation speed, which results in periodic events of flame flash-back, extinction and re-ignition. The reported data is also useful for the validation of numerical simulation codes for syngas flames.
We performed a genome-wide association (GWA) study in 434 sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) patients and 1939 controls from the United Kingdom, Germany and The Netherlands. The findings were replicated in an independent sample of 1109 sCJD and 2264 controls provided by a multinational consortium.

From the initial GWA analysis we selected 23 SNPs for further genotyping in 1109 sCJD cases from seven different countries. Five SNPs were significantly associated with sCJD after correction for multiple testing. Subsequently these five SNPs were genotyped in 2264 controls. The pooled analysis, including 1543 sCJD cases and 4203 controls, yielded two genome wide significant results: rs6107516 (p-value=7.62x10-9) a variant tagging the prion protein gene (PRNP); and rs6951643 (p-value=1.66x10-8) tagging the Glutamate Receptor Metabotropic 8 gene (GRM8). Next we analysed the data stratifying by country of origin combining samples from the pooled analysis with genotypes from the 1000 Genomes Project and imputed genotypes from the Rotterdam Study (Total n=12967). The meta-analysis of the results showed that rs6107516 (p-value=3.00x10-8) and rs6951643 (p-value=3.91x10-5) remained as the two most significantly associated SNPs. Pathway enrichment analyses performed with both Ingenuity Pathway Analysis and ALIGATOR postulates glutamate receptor signalling as one of the main pathways associated with sCJD.

Rs6951643 is located in an intronic region of GRM8, a gene that was additionally tagged by a cluster of 12 SNPs within our top100 ranked results. GRM8 encodes for mGluR8, a protein which belongs to the metabotropic glutamate receptor family, recently shown to be involved in the transduction of cellular signals triggered by the prion protein. In summary, we have detected GRM8 as a novel, non-PRNP, genome-wide significant marker associated with heightened disease risk, providing additional evidence supporting a role of glutamate receptors in sCJD pathogenesis.
We report preliminary results on the measurement of the cross sections of the processes e+e− → K+K−π+π− and e+e− → ϕη in the c.m.energy range from 1.5 GeV to 2 GeV with the CMD-3 detector.

The cross sections of these processes agree with BaBar results and have better accuracy.
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic and relapsing inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract with complex etiology and no strategies for complete cure. IBD are often complicated by mental disorders like anxiety and depression, indicating substantial shifts in the gut-brain axis. However, the mechanisms connecting IBD to mental diseases are still under debate. Here we use Muc2 mutant mouse model of chronic colitis to uncouple the effects of the intestinal microbiota on host behavior from chronic inflammation in the gut. Muc2 mutant male mice exhibit high exploratory activity, reduced anxiety-related behaviors, impaired sensorimotor gating, and altered social preference towards males and females. Microbial transfer to wild-type mice via littermate co-housing shows that colitis-associated microbiota rather than inflammation per se defines behavioral features in Muc2 colitis model. Metagenomic profiling and combination of antibiotic treatments revealed that bacterial species Akkermansia muciniphila is associated with the behavioral phenotype in mutants, and that its intestinal abundance correlates with social preference towards males. Metabolomic analysis together with pharmacological inhibition of Gly and NMDA receptors helped us to determine that brain glycine is responsible for the behavioral phenotype in Muc2 mice. Blood and brain metabolic profiles suggest that microbiota-dependent changes in choline metabolism might be involved in regulation of central glycine neurotransmission. Taken together, our data demonstrates that colitis-associated microbiota controls anxiety, sensorimotor gating and social behavior via metabolic regulation of the brain glycinergic system, providing new venues to combat neurological complications of IBD.
Scintillation properties of (Zn0.9Pb0.1)(W0.9Mo0.1)O4 and (Zn0.9Cd0.1)(W0.9Mo0.1)O4 mixed crystals with doping of Eu, Sm, Pr, Ce, Sc, Yt and Nb are studied. Measurements of their light yields relative to pure ZnWO4} at room temperature, decay times and energy resolutions at 662 keV are presented. Emission spectra are obtained with 239Pu source of alpha particles.
We show experimentally and numerically new transient lasing regime between stable single-pulse generation and noise-like generation. We characterize qualitatively all three regimes of single pulse generation per round-trip of all-normal-dispersion fiber lasers mode-locked due to effect of nonlinear polarization evolution. We study spectral and temporal features of pulses produced in all three regimes as well as compressibility of such pulses. Simple criteria are proposed to identify lasing regime in experiment.
We carried out a directed crystallization of a melt of the following composition (in mol. %): Fe 31.79, Cu 15.94, Ni 1.70, S 50.20, Sn 0.05, As 0.04, Pt, Pd, Rh, Ru, Ag, Au, Se, Te, Bi, and Sb by 0.03. The obtained cylindrical sample consisted of monosulfide solid solution (mss), nonstoichometric isocubanite (icb*), and three modifications of intermediate solid solution (iss1, iss2, iss3) crystallized from the melt. The simultaneous formation of two types of liquids separated during cooling of the parent sulfide melt was revealed. In the first, concentrations of noble metals associated with Bi, Sb, and Te were found. The second is related to Cu and was found to contain a large amount of S in addition to Bi and Sb. We established the main types of inclusions formed during fractional crystallization of Pt-bearing sulfide melt. It was shown that noble metals are concentrated in inclusions in the form of RuS2, PdTe2, (Pt,Pd)Te2, PtRhAsS, and Ag2Se, doped with Ag, Cu, and Pd, in mss and in the form of PtAs2; Au-doped with Ag, Cu, and Pd; Ag2Te; and Pd(Bi,Sb)xTe1−x in icb* and iss. As solid solutions in the base metal sulfides, Rh is present in mss, Sn in iss.
A method of analytical and numerical calculation of the absorption coefficient of laser radiation was proposed and tested based on the results of a simplified experimental cutting setup. The results are compared with available theoretical predictions and experimental data the literature forecasts in a wide range of angles of inclination. A significant difference between the absorption coefficients for mild steel used in the theory and reconstructed from experimental data. The obtained absorption coefficient can be used for further modeling of laser material processing technologies.
Hybrid materials were produced by mixing CuPcR 4 with acidified single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and characterised by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Thin films of pristine CuPcR 4 and SWCNT/CuPcR 4 were prepared by spin coating onto gold-coated glass slides and applied as active layers to detect pentachlorophenol (PCP), 2-chlorophenol, diuron and simazine in water utilizing Total Internal Reflection Ellipsometry (TIRE) as an optical detection method. Different concentrations in water ranging from 0.5 to 20 μg/L have been examined in the current work. It is revealed that the shifts in Δ(λ) spectra of SWCNT/CuPcR 4 films were evidently larger than those produced by the pristine CuPcR 4 films, indicating largely improved films’ sensitivity of the hybrid films.
Since the chromosome number and sex determination do not vary in this genus, the above markers were used in a detailed comparison of the cytogenetic features of species of Isophya.

The present study focused on the evolution of the karyotype in 21 taxa of the genus Isophya, which was done by mapping the location on the chromosomes of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) coding genes using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with an 18S rDNA probe and using silver staining (AgNO3) to evaluate the activity of major rDNA clusters. The species analyzed were placed into three groups based on the location of rDNA on their chromosomes.

These groupings partly correspond to the morphological groupings proposed in earlier studies. One long pair of autosomes frequently carried rDNA in all the Isophya species and probably is a plesiomorphic character for these taxa. The cytogenetic mapping revealed great variability among Isophya species in the chromosomal location of major rDNA clusters. Our results suggest that the observed variation in the number of rDNA clusters can be an important species-group specific phylogenetic marker. Analysis of 18S rDNA hybridization signals showed that the evolutionary dynamics of rDNA in this genus is remarkably high and accompanied by changes in the structure of chromosomes bearing rDNA at an inter-and intra-specific level.
The paper presents the first results of studying the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility in the basalts from Hooker Island, associated with the direction of the melt movement, the location of the eruption centers and the morphology of magmatic bodies. The established features of the primary magnetic fabrics correspond to the trap mechanism of formation of the volcanic province of the Franz Josef Land Archipelago and are a reflection of the simultaneous action of numerous small eruption centers. Previously obtained conclusions about the long, during the Early Jurassic - Early Cretaceous, multi-stage history of magmatism are not confirmed.
Depressive disorder (DD) is a widespread mental disorder. Although DD is to some extent inherited, the genes contributing to the risk of this disorder and its genetic mechanisms remain poorly understood. A recent large-scale genome-wide association Chinese study revealed a strong association between the SIRT1 gene variants and DD. The aim of this study was to analyze the occurrence of heterozygote carriers and search for rare SNP variants of the SIRT1 gene in a cohort of DD patients as compared with a cohort of randomly selected members of the Russian population. The complete coding sequences of the SIRT1 gene from 1024 DNA samples from the general Russian population and from 244 samples from patients with DD were analyzed using targeted sequencing. Four new genetic variants of the SIRT1 were discovered. While no significant differences in the allele frequencies were found between the DD patients and the general population, differences between the frequencies of homozygote carriers of specific alleles and occurrences of heterozygous were found to be significant for rs2236318 (P<0.0001), and, putatively, rs7896005 (P<0.05), and rs36107781 (P<0.05). The study found for the first time that two new SNPs (i.e., 10:69665829 and 10:69665971) along with recently reported ones (rs773025707 and rs34701705), are putatively associated with DD. The revealed DD-associated SIRT1 SNPs might confer susceptibility to this disorder in Russian population of European descent.
It is known, that the physicochemical properties of materials are defined directly by features of the structure and morphology.Studying of atomic structure and nanostructure of such small objects is an actual problem.X-ray diffraction method can be used for this purpose.Anisotropic broadening of the diffraction peaks, redistribution of the intensities or appearance of diffuse scattering can appear for nanomaterials.Standard X-ray diffraction techniques are often not applicable in this case.These tasks can be solved by the Debye Function Analysis (DFA) method, based on Debye scattering equation (DSE).It is full-profile method which is applicable for any an arbitrary atoms collection, and therefore can be used for crystalline objects, non-crystalline materials or nanostructures.Possibilities of modelling diffraction patterns by the DFA by our software [1] will be shown for specific examples of various nanocrystalline materials.It is public-domain software available on the website: www.sourceforge.net/projects/dianna.
Nonlinear effects responsible for elongation of the plasma wave period are numerically studied with the emphasis on two-dimensionality of the wave.

The limitation on the wakefield amplitude imposed by detuning of the wave and the driver is found.
In this paper we propose the algorithm of automated definition of the genre type and semantic characteristics of poetic texts in Russian. We formulated the approaches to the construction of a joint ("two-dimensional") classifier of genre types and stylistic colouring of poetic texts, based on the definition of interdependence of the type of genre and stylistic colouring of the text. On the basis of these approaches the principles of formation of the training samples for the algorithms for the definition of styles and genre types were analyzed. The computational experiments with a corpus of texts of the Lyceum lyrics of A.S.Pushkin were implemented, which showed good results in determining the stylistic colouring of poetic texts and sufficient results in determining the genres. The proposed algorithms can be used for automation of the complex analysis of Russian poetic texts, significantly facilitating the work of the expert in determining their styles and genres by providing appropriate recommendations.
New non-conjugated functionalized 2,5-dihydroimidazole-type bi-and trinitroxyl radicals are described.

The synthesis of which was based on a nucleophilic substitution reaction between 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine or 2,4-dichloro-6-methoxy-1,3,5-triazine and spiro-fused 2,5-dihydroimidazole-type monoradicals bearing both a p-hydroxyaryl moiety at the C-4 atom of the heterocycle and a residue at the fourth position of the cyclohexane ring.

The model tris-nitroxide with an unsubstituted cyclohexane unit was structurally characterized in the solid state.
The efficacy in 1H Overhauser dynamic nuclear polarization in liquids at ultralow magnetic field (ULF, B0 = 92 ± 0.8 µT) and polarization field (Bp = 1-10 mT) was studied for a broad variety of 26 different spin probes. Among others, piperidine, pyrrolidine, and pyrroline radicals specifically synthesized for this study, along with some well-established commercially available nitroxides, were investigated. Isotope-substituted variants, some sterically shielded reduction-resistant nitroxides, and some biradicals were included in the measurements.

The maximal achievable enhancement, Emax, and the radio frequency power, P1/2, needed for reaching Emax/2 were measured. Physico-chemical features such as molecular weight, spectral linewidth, heterocyclic structure, different types of substituents, deuteration, and 15N-labeling as well as the difference between monoradicals and biradicals were investigated.

For the unmodified nitroxide radicals, the Emax values correlate with the molecular weight. The P1/2 values correlate with the spectral linewidth and are additionally influenced by the type of substituents neighboring the nitroxide group. The nitroxide biradicals with high intramolecular spin-spin coupling show low performance. Nitroxides enriched with 15N and/or 2H afford significantly higher |Emax| and require lower power to do so, compared to their unmodified counterparts containing at natural abundance predominantly 14N and 1H. The results allow for a correlation of chemical features with physical hyperpolarization-related properties and indicate that small nitroxides with narrow spectral lines have clear advantages for the use in Overhauser dynamic nuclear polarization experiments. Perdeuteration and 15N-labeling can be used to additionally boost the spin probe performance.
The new method of optically detected ESR (OD ESR) of radical-ion pairs has been used to study fast radical-cation reactions in non-polar liquid solutions.

Dimeric radical-cations have been observed to occur within the time of geminate recombination with radical-ions; their generation rate has been determined.

The spectral line broadening with increasing acceptor concentration has been associated with ion-molecular charge transfer; the rate of this process has also been determined.
This article is focused on the intrusion and formation of combined dykes. Two main groups of conventionally magmatic mingling are distinguished: (1) plutonic bodies, and (2) combined dykes. The first group is represented by small basite inclusions that are uniformly scattered in granitoid bodies, and includes elongated swarms and tails of small bodies. The second group includes composite dykes with the indicators of mechanical mingling of basic and acid melts. Despite the similarities in the structural and textural features and the indicators of mechanical mingling of melts, these two groups are characterized by clearly different proportions of the volumes of contrasting melts and differ in the duration of formation, place of melt mingling, and tectonic setting. None of the available models was able to explain the occurrence of magmatic mingling structures in individual dykes.

In our study, the mingling mechanisms of contrasting melts are discussed using the data on the geological objects located in West Sangilen, an area of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). The general and specific parameters of combined dikes of the Saizyral and Tavyt‐ Dag sites are considered.

The models of shear dilatation and dispersion are proposed for explaining the mechanisms of magmatic mingling in combined dykes.