Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Diffraction plays an exceptional role in DIS off heavy nuclei. First, diffraction into hard dijets is an unique probe of the unintegrated glue in the target. Second, because diffraction makes 50 per cent of total DIS off a heavy target, understanding diffraction in a saturation regime is crucial for a definition of saturated nuclear parton densities. After brief comments on the Nikolaev-Zakharov (NZ) pomeron-splitting mechanism for diffractive hard dijet production, I review an extension of the Nikolaev-Schafer-Schwiete (NSS) analysis of diffractive dijet production off nuclei to the definition of nuclear partons in the saturation regime. I emphasize the importance of intranuclear final state interactions for the parton momentum distributions.
We introduce and analyse a new model of a multiple access transmission system with a non-standard «minimal feedback» information.We assume that time is slotted and that arriving messages form a renewal process.At the beginning of any time slot n, each message present in the system makes a transmission attempt with a (common) probability pn that depends on the system information from the past.Given that Bn ≥ 1 messages make the attempt, each of them is successfully transmitted and leaves the system with probability qB n , independently of everything else, and stays in the system otherwise.Here {qi} is a sequence of probabilities such that qi 0 > 0 and qi = 0 for i > i0, for some i0 ≥ 1.We assume that, at any time slot n, the only information available from the past is whether i0 messages were successfully transmitted or not.We call this the «minimal feedback» (information).In particular, if i0 = 1 and q1 = 1, then this is the known «success-nonsuccess» feedback.A transmission algorithm, or protocol, is a rule that determines the probabilities {pn}.We analyse conditions for existence of algorithms that stabilise the dynamics of the system.We also estimate the rates of convergence to stability.The proposed protocols implement the idea of 'triple randomization' that develops the idea of 'double randomization' introduced earlier by Foss, Hajek and Turlikov (2016).
We present a measurement of the ratio of the B¯s⁰ meson lifetime, in the flavor-specific decay to Ds⁺π⁻, to that of the B¯⁰ meson. The pp collision data used correspond to an integrated luminosity of 1 fb(-1), collected with the LHCb detector, at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV. Combining our measured value of 1.010±0.010±0.008 for this ratio with the known B¯⁰ lifetime, we determine the flavor-specific B¯s⁰ lifetime to be τ(B¯s⁰ )=1.535±0.015±0.014 ps, where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. This is the most precise measurement to date, and is consistent with previous measurements and theoretical predictions.
Gray voles belong to the Arvicolidae family and, together with mouse and rat, to the vast Muroidea superfamily. All representatives of the genus Microtus look quite similar; a nonspecialist can see hardly any differences between them, except perhaps their slight variations in size and fur color. Voles are small rodents, with body sizes ranging between 80 and 145 mm, depending on species and sex. They have short tails (approximately one third their body length) with light gray to dark brown fur (Meyer and others 1996). They can be maintained in captivity relatively easily, and the conditions reported previously are suitable (Jackson 1997). The taxonomic status of different species of genus Microtus has been revised many times, and the exact status of some species of voles is still questionable. The relative rank of voles is complicated by the high morphological similarity of different representatives of gray voles, which led to misidentification of species using zoological criteria. The karyological approach shed more light on vole taxonomy and allowed identification of groups of species instead of a single polytypical species. This article describes the result of our efforts in mapping the genomes of 5 species of gray voles: M. arvalis, M. rossiaemeridionalis, M. kirgisorum, M. transcaspicus, and M. agrestis. Many revisions have been made to the status of Microtus arvalis (common vole). Initial, unsuccessful attempts to describe its chromosome set date back to the late 1930s, when Renaud first reported the correct number as 2n=46 (Renaud 1938). Additional research on the species has revealed many chromosome forms that had previously been considered subspecies. In 1965, the chromosome sets of voles were studied from subspecies M. arvalis duplicatus captured in the Leningrad region of Russia, and the diploid number was identified as 54, not 46, chromosomes (Meyer and others 1967). Later, sympatric sibling species were reported (Meyer and others
Skin burns and ulcers are considered hard-to-heal wounds due to their high infection risk. For this reason, designing new options for wound dressings is a growing need.

The objective of this work is to investigate the properties of poly (ε-caprolactone)/poly (vinyl-pyrrolidone) (PCL/PVP) microfibers produced via electrospinning along with sorbents loaded with Argovit™ silver nanoparticles (Ag-Si/Al2O3) as constituent components for composite wound dressings. The physicochemical properties of the fibers and sorbents were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The mechanical properties of the fibers were also evaluated.

The results of this work showed that the tested fibrous scaffolds have melting temperatures suitable for wound dressings design (58–60 °C). In addition, they demonstrated to be stable even after seven days in physiological solution, showing no macroscopic damage due to PVP release at the microscopic scale. Pelletized sorbents with the higher particle size demonstrated to have the best water uptake capabilities. Both, fibers and sorbents showed antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomona aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and the fungus Candida albicans. The best physicochemical properties were obtained with a scaffold produced with a PCL/PVP ratio of 85:15, this polymeric scaffold demonstrated the most antimicrobial activity without affecting the cell viability of human fibroblast. Pelletized Ag/Si-Al2O3-3 sorbent possessed the best water uptake capability and the higher antimicrobial activity, over time between all the sorbents tested. The combination of PCL/PVP 85:15 microfibers with the chosen Ag/Si-Al2O3-3 sorbent will be used in the following work for creation of wound dressings possessing exudate retention, biocompatibility and antimicrobial activity.
Many earthworm species demonstrate significant cryptic diversity, with several highly diverged mitochondrial lineages found within most of the taxa studied to date. The status of differences between these lineages on the nuclear level is still unclear. Because of widespread polyploidy in earthworms, most studies were limited to two nuclear loci, the ribosomal and the histone clusters.

Here we attempted to elucidate the status of a set of genetic lineages within Eisenia nordenskioldi nordenskioldi, an earthworm species from Northern Asia with high intraspecific diversity. We performed RNA-seq on an IonTorrent platform for five specimens of this species belonging to five genetic lineages, as well as two outgroups from the family Lumbricidae, the congenetic E. andrei, and Lumbricus rubellus.We de novo assembled transcriptomes and constructed datasets of genes present in all seven specimens using broad (ProteinOrtho; 809 genes) and narrow (HaMStR; 203 genes) ortholog assignment.

The majority of orthologs had identical amino acid sequences in all studied specimens, which we believe was due to strong bias towards the most conserved genes. However, for the rest of genes the differences among the lineages were lower than those between them and the congeneric E. andrei. Both datasets yielded phylogenetic trees with the same topology. E. n. nordenskioldi was found to be monophyletic. The differences on the genetic level had no concordance with geography, implying complex history of dispersal.We found that genetic lineages of E. n. nordenskioldi are genetically distinct on nuclear level and probably diverged long ago. Current data implies that they might even represent distinct species within the E. nordenskioldi species complex.
We calculate the quark part of the kernel of the generalized nonforward BFKL equation at nonzero momentum transfer t in the next-to-leading logarithmic approximation. Along with the quark contribution to the gluon Regge trajectory, this part includes pieces coming from the quark-antiquark production and from the quark contribution to the radiative corrections in one-gluon production in Reggeon-Reggeon collisions. The results obtained can be used for an arbitrary representation of the color group in the t channel. Using the results for the adjoint representation, we demonstrate explicitly the fulfillment of the ``bootstrap'' condition for the gluon Reggeization in the next-to-leading logarithmic approximation in the part concerning the quark contribution.
Although each trait has its own dynamics DA in ontogeny, usually DA increases in the period of sexual maturation.Uncoordinated development of the sides in this period seems to associate with an increase in intensity of developmental processes.Our study argues that sexual dimorphism of continuous traits appears at the later developmental stages.This finding is consistent with Geodakian's evolutionary theory of sex.

We analyzed Microtus oeconomus material collected for 25 years (1982-1992, 1994-2005, 2009, 2010).Directional asymmetry (DA) was demonstrated for teeth morphotypes, adrenal and kidney weights, and for length of the hind paw as well.DA may be formed both at early and later development stages and is not dependent on environmental factors and population density dynamics.

Evolutionary significance of the DA is to increase both short-term individual fitness and long-term population adaptive capacity.Developmental approach to the study of morphological and functional asymmetries in animals opens new possibilities for the study of evolutionary processes.
В.С. ДИЕВ Новосибирский государственный университет, Институт философии и права СО РАН
The regularities of changes in the stress-strain state of coal in rock mass depending on the main mining geological and engineering factors are identified.

Using these factors, it is possible to find the optimal support parameters in specific conditions to increase the stability of preparatory mine workings.

The degree of influence of mining and engineering conditions of exploitation on displacements in marginal rocks with various types of support in excavation workings is investigated.
The study of vertebrate genome evolution is currently facing a revolution, brought about by next generation sequencing technologies that allow researchers to produce nearly complete and error-free genome assemblies. Novel approaches however do not always provide a direct link with information on vertebrate genome evolution gained from cytogenetic approaches.

Sequencing of DNA from single isolated chromosomes (ChromSeq) is an elegant approach to determine the chromosome content and assign genome assemblies to chromosomes, thus bridging the gap between cytogenetics and genomics. The aim of this paper is to describe how ChromSeq can support the study of vertebrate genome evolution and how it can help link cytogenetic and genomic data.

We show key examples of ChromSeq application in the refinement of vertebrate genome assemblies and in the study of vertebrate chromosome and karyotype evolution. We also provide a general overview of the approach and a concrete example of genome refinement using this method in the species
Sussemionus is an extinct subgenus of Equus first characterized and delineated in 2010. The almost complete mitochondrial genome is available only for a single specimen of Sussemionus – a 40,000 years old E. ovodovi from Proskuryakova cave (Khakassia, Russia). Our studies of ancient horses from Denisova cave (Altai, Russia) revealed mitochondrial DNA of this species in a 32,000 years old sample. Using alignments to multiple mitochondrial genomes of non-caballine equids, we recovered 100% complete mitochondrial genome of E. ovodovi for the first time. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrates close relationship between this individual and the one previously described in Khakassia.
A new general protocol for synthesis of fused 1,2,3-dithiazoles by the reaction of cyclic oximes with S₂Cl₂ and pyridine in acetonitrile has been developed. The target 1,2,3-dithiazoles fused with various carbocycles, such as indene, naphthalenone, cyclohexadienone, cyclopentadiene, and benzoannulene, were selectively obtained in low to high yields. In most cases, the hetero ring-closure was accompanied by chlorination of the carbocyclic moieties. With naphthalenone derivatives, a novel dithiazole rearrangement (15→13) featuring unexpected movement of the dithiazole ring from α- to β-position, with respect to keto group, was discovered.

Molecular structure of 4-chloro-5H-naphtho[1,2-d][1,2,3]dithiazol-5-one 13 was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Electrochemical properties of 13 were studied by cyclic voltammetry and a complex behavior was observed, most likely including hydrodechlorination at a low potential.
This paper attempts to analyze the existing environmental issues in the Russian Federation with the help of macroeconomic indicators, with special emphases being placed on the Human Development Index (HDI). The work presents the algorithm of HDI calculation, examines its advantages and disadvantages and describes the possibility to reflect the environmental situation with the help of HDI.

Scientific novelty of the study is the proposed method of computing HDI taking into account the situation in the field of waste management (earlier, macro indicators with environmental adjustment took into account only water and air pollution).

Inclusion of waste accumulation parameter tends to decrease most regional HDIs in comparison with their traditional values, which underlines the gravity and relevance of waste challenges in the Russian Federation. The article highlights the shortcomings of the Russian environmental waste policy, and proposes the ways to stimulate the reduction of waste generation and accumulation.
Market relations require dairy producers to provide consumers with new dairy-based foods enriched with vegetable supplements. Mixed milk-based products, enriched with plant and animal products, allow you to prepare a new type of lunch with a new composition.

The article presents the possibility of obtaining dairy products with stevia extract and the results of the study of organoleptic, physical and chemical properties of the finished product.

As a natural sweetener, stevia extract gives a special sweet taste to yogurt products, as well as not only sweetens the product, but also makes it easier to absorb. This means that the stevia plant has not only tasty properties, but also easily digestible nutrients. Natural product made during the preparation of lactic acid products is a unique type of raw material with useful, highly digestible dietary properties. After all, natural milk contains a source of nutrients: immunoglobulins, hormones, growth factors, enzymes and other biologically active substances. Lactic acid product with stevia extract provides a sweet taste, a healthy type of food that does not lag behind in quality.
TIM29 is a mitochondrial inner membrane protein that interacts with the protein import complex TIM22. TIM29 was shown to stabilize the TIM22 complex but its biological function remains largely unknown. Until recently, it was classified as one of the Domain of Unknown Function (DUF) genes, with a conserved protein domain DUF2366 of unclear function.

Since characterizing DUF genes can provide novel biological insight, we used previously established transcriptional profiles of the germline and stem cells of the flatworm Macrostomum lignano to probe conserved DUFs for their potential role in germline biology, stem cell function, regeneration, and development.

Here, we demonstrate that DUF2366/TIM29 knockdown in M. lignano has very limited effect during the normal homeostatic condition but prevents worms from adapting to a highly proliferative state required for regeneration.
Das größte f-Element-Polystibid [(Cp*2Sm)4Sb8], wurde von P. W. Roesky und Mitarbeitern ausgehend von kleinen Sb0-Nanopartikeln oder von Sb-Amalgam synthetisiert.

Im zweiten Fall konnten, wie in ihrer Zuschrift auf S. 6015 beschrieben, beispiellose Sm/Sb/Hg-Zwischenstufen isoliert werden, die Einblicke in den Bildungsmechanismus von Polystibiden geben. Die Reaktion der kleinen Sb0-Nanopartikel mit [Cp*2Sm] führte dagegen direkt zum Polystibid [(Cp*2Sm)4Sb8].

Das größte f-Element-Polystibid [(Cp*2Sm)4Sb8], wurde von P. W. Roesky und Mitarbeitern ausgehend von kleinen Sb0-Nanopartikeln oder von Sb-Amalgam synthetisiert. Im zweiten Fall konnten, wie in ihrer Zuschrift auf S. 6015 beschrieben, beispiellose Sm/Sb/Hg-Zwischenstufen isoliert werden, die Einblicke in den Bildungsmechanismus von Polystibiden geben. Die Reaktion der kleinen Sb0-Nanopartikel mit [Cp*2Sm] führte dagegen direkt zum Polystibid [(Cp*2Sm)4Sb8]. Fluoreszenzsonden Biophysik Biosynthese
The growth mechanism of a single gas bubble in a highly viscous volatile-saturated magmatic melt during its rapid decompression is investigated.

A new analytical solution of the problem is shown. It correctly describes the bubble growth dynamics in a wide range of supersaturations achieved as a result of decompression and at all stages of the process including the transitional one. Accounting for this stage is extremely important if we consider highly-viscous magmatic melts.

It is shown that after some time bubble growth is determined solely by diffusion, and the process has a self-similar character.
Two gaps in the literature arise on the relationship between social cohesion and depressive disorders. Firstly, there is a lack of studies comparing countries with diverse communal bonds and population-level differences in depression. Secondly, most work on explanatory mechanisms has overwhelmingly focussed on social network and social support pathways.

We compared the prospective association between perceived neighbourhood social cohesion and depressive symptoms among older adults in England, the Czech Republic, Poland and Russia; and examined whether psychological and health behavioural pathways mediated this association. Harmonized data on 26,081 adults from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), and the Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial factors In Eastern Europe (HAPIEE) studies were analysed. Prospective associations between perceived neighbourhood social cohesion at baseline and depressive symptoms at follow-up were assessed using multivariable negative binomial regression. The psychological (through control of life, and control at home) and health behavioural (through smoking and drinking) pathways were tested using path analysis.

Low cohesion predicted a higher number of depressive symptoms at follow-up among English (b = 0.106, p = 0.001), Czech (b=0.203, p < 0.001), Polish (0.115, p < 0.001) and Russian adults (b = 0.087, p < 0.001). Indirect effects via psychological mechanisms were strong and explained 64% (Poland), 82% (Russia), 84% (England) and 95% (Czech Republic) of the total indirect effects from low cohesion to elevated symptoms in these populations. Indirect effects via health behaviours were much weaker by comparison. Prospective associations between low social cohesion and increased depressive symptoms were largely congruent among older adults from England and three Central and Eastern European countries. These associations operated via a psychological, but not a health behavioural, pathway among ageing adults living in diverse parts of Europe.
Higher harmonic internal waves are generated at wave intersections and critical points of oscillating bodies, with higher amplitudes at steeper slopes and amplitude increase due to focusing for axisymmetric bodies. The horizontal structure of the $n$th harmonic corresponds to multipole order ${2}^{n}$.
7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) is one of the major DNA lesions formed by reactive oxygen species that can result in transversion mutations following replication if left unrepaired. In human cells, the effects of 8-oxoG are counteracted by OGG1, a DNA glycosylase that catalyzes excision of 8-oxoguanine base followed by a much slower beta-elimination reaction at the 3'-side of the resulting abasic site. Many features of OGG1 mechanism, including its low beta-elimination activity and high specificity for a cytosine base opposite the lesion, remain poorly explained despite the availability of structural information.

In this study, we analyzed the substrate specificity and the catalytic mechanism of OGG1 acting on various DNA substrates using stopped-flow kinetics with fluorescence detection. Combining data on intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence to detect conformational transitions in the enzyme molecule and 2-aminopurine reporter fluorescence to follow DNA dynamics, we defined three pre-excision steps and assigned them to the processes of (i) initial encounter with eversion of the damaged base, (ii) insertion of several enzyme residues into DNA, and (iii) enzyme isomerization to the catalytically competent form. The individual rate constants were derived for all reaction stages.

Of all conformational changes, we identified the insertion step as mostly responsible for the opposite base specificity of OGG1 toward 8-oxoG:C as compared with 8-oxoG:T, 8-oxoG:G, and 8-oxoG:A. We also investigated the kinetic mechanism of OGG1 stimulation by 8-bromoguanine and showed that this compound affects the rate of beta-elimination rather than pre-excision dynamics of DNA and the enzyme.
We present both the experimental and theoretical investigation of a non-trivial electron Landau levels shift in magnetic field in wide $\sim$20\,nm HgTe quantum wells: Landau levels split under magnetic fields but become degenerate again when magnetic field increases. We reproduced this behavior qualitatively within an isotropic 6-band Kane model, then using semiclassical calculations we showed this behavior is due to the mixing of the conduction band with total spin 3/2 with the next well subband with spin 1/2 which reduces the average vertical spin from 3/2 to around 1. This change of the average spin changes the Berry phase explaining the evolution of Landau levels under magnetic field.
The process $e^+e^- \to \pi^+\pi^-2\pi^0\gamma$ is investigated by means of the initial-state radiation technique, where a photon is emitted from the incoming electron or positron.

Using $454.3 \rm{fb}^{-1}$ of data collected around a center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s} = 10.58 \rm{GeV}$ by the BaBar experiment at SLAC, approximately 150000 signal events are obtained. The corresponding non-radiative cross section is measured with a relative uncertainty of $3.6\%$ in the energy region around $1.5 \rm{GeV}$, surpassing all existing measurements in precision.

Using this new result, the channel's contribution to the leading order hadronic vacuum polarization contribution to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon is calculated as $(g_\mu^{\pi^+\pi^-2\pi^0}-2)/2 = (17.9 \pm 0.1_\mathrm{stat} \pm 0.6_\mathrm{syst}) \times 10^{-10}$ in the energy range $0.85\rm{GeV} < E_\mathrm{CM} < 1.8\rm{GeV}$. In the same energy range, the impact on the running of the fine structure constant at the $Z^0$-pole is determined as $\Delta\alpha^{\pi^+\pi^-2\pi^0}(M^2_\mathrm{Z}) = (4.44 \pm 0.02_\mathrm{stat} \pm 0.14_\mathrm{syst}) \times 10^{-4}$. Furthermore, intermediate resonances are studied and especially the cross section of the process $e^+e^- \to \omega\pi^0 \to \pi^+\pi^-2\pi^0$ is measured.