Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Experimental results of observation of ethanol microjets flowing into a highly rarefied medium (vacuum) through a nozzle are presented. The investigation of the outflow process was carried out both horizontally and vertically in the direction of gravity, when the liquid was expelled from the source. The condition of keeping constant the residual background pressure in the vacuum chamber is much lower than the saturated vapour pressure of the working liquid at a given temperature of the blast. The possibility of simulation of complex processes of the flow of micro-liquids in a space with a given rarefied atmosphere on a compact vacuum gas-dynamic test bench is shown. It is found that the continuous efflux from a thin capillary or a hole of small diameter into a vacuum or a strongly rarefied gaseous medium differs significantly from the well-studied modes of efflux into a dense gaseous medium, as well as from the pulse modes of efflux into a vacuum. The paper describes the main features of the flow and the conditions of the instability emergence. It is shown that the long-term flow of a liquid microjet in a vacuum has a high degree of surface instability, with a large number of sudden changes in direction, structure and observed density. An explanation for the causes of microjet failure, caused mainly by a combination of capillary instability and intense evaporation of superheated liquid from the surface of the jet, is proposed. The formation of surface gas caverns causing explosive collapse of the microjet with ejection of vapor-liquid droplets is established.
A two-dimensional problem of a potential free-surface flow of an ideal incompressible fluid caused by a singular sink is considered. The sink is placed at the horizontal bottom of the channel.

By employing a conformal map, the problem is equivalently rewritten in the unit circle. After that, it is investigated by the Levi — Civita technique with the extraction of the singular part of the flow that corresponds to the sink. We derive a Nekrasov type equation that describes exactly the form of the free boundary. This equation is studied at first numerically and then by an exact mathematical technique.

It is shown that for the Froude number greater than some particular value, there exists a unique solution of the problem such that the free surface decreases monotonically when moving from the infinity to the sink. At the point over the sink, the free surface has a cusp.
Genome engineering has been tremendously affected by the appearance of the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9)-based approach. Initially discovered as an adaptive immune system for prokaryotes, the method has rapidly evolved over the last decade, overtaking multiple technical challenges and scientific tasks and becoming one of the most effective, reliable, and easy-to-use technologies for precise genomic manipulations.

Here we describe the largest, to the best of our knowledge, undesigned on-target deletion with a size of ~293 kb that occurred after the cytoplasmic injection of CRISPR/Cas9 system components into mouse zygotes and speculate about its origin.

We suppose that deletion occurred as a result of the truncation of one of the ends of a double-strand break during the repair.
The new experimental setup with copper-glass pulsating heat pipe has been constructed for investigation of the heat transfer problem. Pulsations of liquid slugs inside the heat pipe has been observed.

It is demonstrated that with increasing of temperature difference between evaporator and condenser heat flux which can be removed is also increases.
The results of a comparative study of samples of the garden pea ( Pisum sativum L .) by the main economically valuable traits are presented. The objects of the research were 13 breeding lines of peas of various morphotypes (leafy, semi-leafl ess, chameleon). The experiment was conducted in 2016–2018 on leached chernozems in the northern forest-steppe of Western Siberia. The study period was characterized by contrasting weather conditions. Uneven precipitation was noted in 2016, which was higher than the norm in May, but below normal in June. In May 2017, the temperature and precipitation corresponded to the long-term average norm. Abundant rainfall from the period of sowing (the fi rst ten-day period of May) to full ripeness (July) and low average daily air temperature in May characterized the vegetation period of 2018. The best results in short-stalk characteristics and lodging resistance were reached by the line of the semi-leafl ess morphotype Nord × Az-318 (57.5 cm) and Orel × Yamal (57.7 cm). An average positive correlation was established between the height of the plant and the number of pods (r = 0.48 ± 0.20). By the mass of 1000 seeds the best results were shown by leafy lines (188.4 g) and the chameleon morphotype (181.1 g). Between the mass of 1000 seeds and the number of seeds in a pod, an average negative correlation was established (r = –0.63 ± 0.25). In terms of the yield, the chameleon morphotype lines (TM-1552, TM-1504) proved the most productive. The average yield of this morphotype was 280.0 g/m2, leafy lines – 271.4 g/m2 and the lines of the semi-leafl ess morphotype – 254.1 g/m2. A correlation was established between the yield and the studied traits. The yield is moderately positively affected by the number of seeds in a pod (r = 0.55 ± 0.20) and the number of pods in a plant (r = 0.50 ± 0.22). A signifi cant yield advantage was not found between the studied breeding lines. For sustainable production of pea seeds, it is advisable to have a system of varieties of different morphotypes.
Custom-made highly dense FBG arrays with a spatial resolution of 1.2 mm were fabricated with the femtosecond point-by-point writing technology and optimized for LA applications.

In this paper, we propose a temperature-based proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controlling algorithm using highly dense fiber Bragg grating (FBG) arrays for laser ablation (LA) of ex vivo pancreatic tissues. In order to obtain proper PID gain values, finite element method-based iterative simulation of different PID gains was performed. Then, the proposed algorithm, with numerically derived PID gains, was experimentally validated. In the experiments, the point temperature was controlled at different distances from the laser fiber tip (6.0 mm, 7.2 mm, 8.4 mm, and 10.8 mm).

The obtained results report robust controlling and correlation between controlled distance and the resulting area of ablation. The results of the work encourage further investigation of FBG array application for LA control.
Adsorption heat transformation (AHT) is energy and environment saving technology that allows the effective utilization of renewable and waste heat with low-temperature potential. For the enhancement of AHT efficiency, properties of the working pair “adsorbent–adsorbate” have to be intelligently adapted to the operating conditions of the specific AHT cycle. In this work, the applicability of ATH technology in the Russian Federation (RF) was analyzed. For various geographic zones of the RF, the proper AHT application (cooling, heating, heat amplification, or storage) was selected depending on the zone climatic conditions. Data on the adsorption equilibrium for more than 40 “adsorbent–adsorbate” pairs collected from the literature were analyzed to select the most suitable pairs for the particular application/zone. Recommendations on AHT applications and the proper working pairs for the considered RF climatic zones are made.
three charmonium-like states so far reported in the 3.90-3.95 GeV/c^2 mass region

search for a charmonium-like state produced in the process gamma gamma --> omega J/psi in the 3.9-4.2 GeV/c^2 mass region

observe a significant enhancement, which is well-described by a resonant shape with mass M = (3915 +/- 3 +/- 2) MeV/c^2 and total width Gamma = (17 +/- 10 +/- 3) MeV. This enhancement may be related to one or more of the three charmonium-like states
Environmental issues and, above all, issues related to the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, such as coal bed methane, actualize the challenge of searching a variety of options for its disposal.

The difference in the macroeconomic, industrial, geological and infrastructural features determine the need to choose the most cost-effective option for using of methane emitted from the coal deposits.

Various economic ways to improve the profitability of production are viewed on the basis of the analysis of methane production project from Kuzbass coal deposits, Kemerovo region, Russia.
Macrostomum lignano is a free-living flatworm that is emerging as an attractive experimental animal for research on a broad range of biological questions. One feature setting it apart from other flatworms is the successful establishment of transgenesis methods, facilitated by a steady supply of eggs in the form of single-cell zygotes that can be readily manipulated. This, in combination with the transparency of the animal and its small size, creates practical advantages for imaging and fluorescence-activated cell sorting in studies related to stem cell biology and regeneration. M. lignano can regenerate most of its body parts, including the germline, thanks to the neoblasts, which represent the flatworm stem cell system. Interestingly, neoblasts seem to have a high capacity of cellular maintenance, as M. lignano can survive up to 210 Gy of γ-irradiation, and partially offset the negative consequence of ageing. As a non-self-fertilizing simultaneous hermaphrodite that reproduces in a sexual manner, M. lignano is also used to study sexual selection and other evolutionary aspects of sexual reproduction. Work over the past several years has led to the development of molecular resources and tools, including high-quality genome and transcriptome assemblies, transcriptional profiling of the germline and somatic neoblasts, gene knockdown, and in situ hybridization. The increasingly detailed characterization of this animal has also resulted in novel research questions, such as bio-adhesion based on its adhesion-release glands and genome evolution due to its recent whole-genome duplication.
In this paper, we use a fully coupled model for 3D planar fracture propagation within a poroelastic reservoir in order to analysis the non-symmetry of the fracture as it develops in a 3-layer reservoir with different compressive stresses in each layer.

We demonstrate that the fracture predominantly develops in the layer with the lower compressive stress until it gets arrested due to the equality of the total leakoff to the volume of pumped fluid.
Accurate analysis at the single-cell level has become a highly attractive tool for investigating cellular content.

An electroosmotic-driven microfluidic chip with arrays of 30-μm-diameter microwells was developed for single-cell electric lysis in the present study. The cellular occupancy in the microwells when the applied voltage was 5 V (82.4%) was slightly higher than that at an applied voltage of 10 V (81.8%). When the applied voltage was increased to 15 V, the cellular occupancy in the microwells dropped to 64.3%. More than 50% of the occupied microwells contain individual cells. The results of electric lysis experiments at the single-cell level indicate that the cells were gradually lysed as the DC voltage of 30 V was applied; the cell was fully lysed after 25 s.

Single-cell electric lysis was demonstrated in the proposed microfluidic chip, which is suitable for high-throughput cell lysis.
The work is devoted to the investigation of helium and transport permeability of hollow microspherical membranes on the example of different types of glass microspheres. In the course of the studies, an experimental stand was prepared for obtaining sorption-desorption curves for various gases at specified pressures and temperatures. The technique of carrying out the experiment and processing the experimental data for purpose of determining the coefficient of helium permeability of the investigated type of hollow microspherical membranes has been worked out. Narrow fractions of microspheres measuring 50-63 μm in diameter are identified for two types of microspheres, MS-V-1L and MS-VP-A9, the values of the helium permeability coefficient of the material of the particle walls are determined in the temperature range from 20 to 150 °C. Work has also been carried out to determine the transport characteristics of the medium formed by microspheres of various types: the gas permeability coefficient, the propagation velocity of the pressure wave in the medium, the time of filling the adsorber with microspheres.
Семантика идиом с компонентами 気 ки и 心 кокоро и соматическими компонентами в современном японском языке Н. В. КутафьеваНовосибирский государственный университет Новосибирск, Россия Аннотация В данной работе на основе антропоцентрического подхода анализируются идиомы с компонентами 気 ки «дух, душа» и 心 кокоро «сердце, душа» и соматизмами 頭 атама «голова», 胸 мунэ «грудь», 腹 хара «живот».Цель работы -сравнить семантику идиом и описать их общие и специфические значения.У духа (души) отсутствует определенное местоположение в теле человека, данное значение могут передавать соматизмы, 頭 атама «голова», 胸 мунэ «грудь», 腹 хара «живот» как емкости для души.Семантика идиом с компонентом 気 ки «дух, душа» связана с личностным восприятием ситуации, с компонентом 心 кокоро «сердце» -с сердцем как вместилишем для души, с соматизмом 頭 атама «голова» -с мыслительным процессом, из чувств -со злостью, с соматизмом 胸 мунэ «грудь» -с состраданием, с соматизмом 腹 хара «живот» -с истинными помыслами, намерениями и чувствами, связанными с инстинктом самосохранения и эгоистическими чувствами.
A method for measuring the dependence of the brightness signal averaged over the image on the power of the incident radiation for measuring the transfer function of the camera and its linearization is proposed.

The experimental results of testing the Canon EOS 500D, AxioCam HS and ToupCam 14MP cameras obtained in this work

found that in specialized cameras the linearization of brightness signals is performed by the built-in software, and for household cameras it can be implemented by the proposed method.
The double-square-root (DSR) equation can be viewed as a Hamilton-Jacobi equation describing kinematics of downward data continuation in depth. It describes simultaneous propagation of source and receiver rays which allows computing reflection wave prestack traveltimes (for multiple sources) in a one run thus speeding up solution of the forward problem. Here we give and overview of different alternative forms of the DSR equation which allows stepping in two-way time and subsurface offset instead of depth. Different forms of the DSR equation are suitable for computing different types of waves including reflected, head and diving waves. We develop a WENO-RK numerical scheme for solving all mentioned forms of the DSR equation. Finally the extended exploding reflector concept can be used for computing prestack traveltimes while initiating the numerical solver as if a reflector was exploding in extended imaging space.
A challenge of understanding the mechanisms underlying cognition including neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders is mainly given by the potential severity of cognitive disorders for the quality of life and their prevalence. However, the field has been focused predominantly on protein coding variation until recently. Given the importance of tightly controlled gene expression for normal brain function, the goal of the study was to assess the functional variation including non-coding variation in human genome that is likely to play an important role in cognitive functions. To this end, we organized and utilized available genome-wide datasets from genomic, transcriptomic and association studies into a comprehensive data corpus. We focused on genomic regions that are enriched in regulatory activity-overlapping transcriptional factor binding regions and repurpose our data collection especially for identification of the regulatory SNPs (rSNPs) that showed associations both with allele-specific binding and allele-specific expression. We matched these rSNPs to the nearby and distant targeted genes and then selected the variants that could implicate the etiology of cognitive disorders according to Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS). Next, we use DeSeq 2.0 package to test the differences in the expression of the certain targeted genes between the controls and the patients that were diagnosed bipolar affective disorder and schizophrenia. Finally, we assess the potential biological role for identified drivers of cognition using DAVID and GeneMANIA.As a result, we selected fourteen regulatory SNPs locating within the loci, implicated from GWAS for cognitive disorders with six of the variants unreported previously. Grouping of the targeted genes according to biological functions revealed the involvement of processes such as 'posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression', 'neuron differentiation', 'neuron projection development', 'regulation of cell cycle process' and 'protein catabolic processes'. We identified four rSNP-targeted genes that showed differential expression between patient and control groups depending on brain region: NRAS-in schizophrenia cohort, CDC25B, DDX21 and NUCKS1-in bipolar disorder cohort.Overall, our findings are likely to provide the keys for unraveling the mechanisms that underlie cognitive functions including major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia etiopathogenesis.
Multifunctional gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) may serve as a scaffold to integrate diagnostic and therapeutic functions into one theranostic system, thereby simultaneously facilitating diagnosis and therapy and monitoring therapeutic responses. Herein, albumin-AuNP theranostic agents have been obtained by conjugation of an anticancer nucleotide trifluorothymidine (TFT) or a boron-neutron capture therapy drug undecahydro-closo-dodecaborate (B12H12) to bimodal human serum albumin (HSA) followed by reacting of the albumin conjugates with AuNPs. In vitro studies have revealed a stronger cytotoxicity by the AuNPs decorated with the TFT-tagged bimodal HSA than by the boronated albumin conjugates. Despite long circulation time, lack of the significant accumulation in the tumor was observed for the AuNP theranostic conjugates. Our unique labelling strategy allows for monitoring of spatial distribution of the AuNPs theranostic in vivo in real time with high sensitivity, thus reducing the number of animals required for testing and optimizing new nanosystems as chemotherapeutic agents and boron-neutron capture therapy drug candidates.
Raman lasing in multimode GRIN fibers is accompanied by sufficient improvement of the output beam quality in comparison with that for pump radiation, which offers opportunities to wavelength-agile fiber lasers of new type.

Here we compare power scaling and brightness enhancement capabilities of Raman laser based on multimode GRIN-fiber of 62.5/125 um core/cladding diameters pumped by ∼700 W multimode source with beam quality M 2 ∼10, performed in two different cavity configurations: 1) linear cavity based on two fiber Bragg gratings and 2) half-open cavity with one FBG and random distributed feedback via Rayleigh backscattering along the GRIN fiber.
This paper presents an apatite U–Pb and geochemistry archive for exposed plutons and metamorphic rocks of the Kyrgyz South Tian Shan (STS) within the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. Apatite U–Pb dates and trace-element geochemistry are provided for 17 samples from late Carboniferous–early Permian I-type granites in the Terktinsky complex and A-type granites in the Kokshaal Range; early Devonian granites in the Kembel complex; Cryogenian granitoids and tuffs from the Middle Tian Shan and gneisses from the Atbashi metamorphic complex. These samples form a comprehensive selection of igneous and metamorphic rocks within the cores of Mesozoic basement highs that supplied detritus to adjacent basins such as the Tarim, Ferghana and Yarkand-Ferghana Basins. Generally, the granitoid samples preserve primary igneous apatite U–Pb ages that are within uncertainty of previously published zircon U–Pb dates. The apatites from the Atbashi metamorphic complex record anomalous Ordovician dates with large uncertainties that are interpreted as mixing ages between Cryogenian protolith formation and Carboniferous metamorphism. Principal component analysis discriminates apatite samples from the different bedrock terranes in the Kyrgyz STS based on their geochemical fingerprint and categorizes the samples with respect to an extensive apatite geochemical archive. The combined apatite-zircon archive provides a novel framework for provenance studies on the Meso–Cenozoic sedimentary history of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt.
The development of new accelerators has given a new impetus to the development of new drugs and treatment technologies using boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). We analyzed the current status and future directions of BNCT for cancer treatment, as well as the main issues related to its introduction.

This review highlights the principles of BNCT and the key milestones in its development: new boron delivery drugs and different types of charged particle accelerators are described; several important aspects of BNCT implementation are discussed.

BCNT could be used alone or in combination with chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and it is evaluated in light of the outlined issues. For the speedy implementation of BCNT in medical practice, it is necessary to develop more selective boron delivery agents and to generate an epithermal neutron beam with definite characteristics. Pharmacological companies and research laboratories should have access to accelerators for large‐scale screening of new, more specific boron delivery agents.
The exhaustive classification of stationary incompressible flows with constant total pressure of ideal infinitely electrically conducting fluid is given. By introduction of curvilinear coordinates based on streamlines and magnetic lines of the flow the system of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) equations is reduced to a nonlinear vector wave equation extended by the incompressibility condition in a form of a generalized Cauchy integral. For flows with constant total pressure the wave equation is explicitly integrated, whereas the incompressibility condition is reduced to a scalar equation for functions, depending on different sets of variables. The central difficulty of the investigation is the separation of variables in the scalar equation, and integration of the resulting overdetermined systems of nonlinear partially differential equations. The canonical representatives of all possible types of solutions together with equivalence transformations, that extend the canonical set to the whole amount of solutions are represented.