Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Will-be-set-by-IN-TECH one cannot consider as correct because of anisotropy of the atomic surroundings.The remark about fluorescence as two-step process mentioned above refers equally to the papers.To rigorous description of the vector nature of the atomic dipole moment it is necessary to take into account the atomic angular degrees of freedom, that is degeneracy of atomic levels.As far as we know, it was done only in the papers (Arnoldus & George, 1987; 1988a;b).In the papers the steady-state fluorescence of the atom near an axial symmetrical surface was theoretically investigated and influence of the surface was expressed in terms of electric field correlation function.

The purpose of the chapter is to present the correct description of deexcitation dynamics of a degenerate two-level atom in the vicinity of arbitrary body.We start with a quantum mechanical expression for the atomic deexcitation probability expressed in terms of the normal correlation function of the atomic dipole moment operator and the antinormal correlation function of the electric field strength operator.Then the antinormal correlation function is expressed in terms of the field susceptibility by use of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem.The atomic dipole moment operator as well as the atomic density matrix operator is expressed in terms of irreducible tensor operators.Finally, it is shown that the atomic deexcitation rate at the instant immediately after pulse excitation is proportional to a linear combination of the products of the so-called atomic polarization moments, population and alignment, and anisotropic relaxation matrix.To find out deexcitation dynamics, a master equation for atomic density matrix is derived from an evolution equation for the total density matrix describing both atom and field.A consistent system of linear first-order ordinary differential equations for the atomic polarization moments is obtained from the master equation.Components of the anisotropic relaxation matrix describing the consistent system are expressed in terms of the field susceptibility tensor.Symmetries of the anisotropic relaxation matrix are found.

It is shown that atomic deexcitation in general is multi-exponential.The simple exponential decay of the excited energy level takes place only if its total angular momentum is less then one.Deexcitation dynamics is considered in more detail for the case when the total angular momenta of the upper and lower levels are equal to 1 and 0 respectively.It is shown that in this case deexitation dynamics also may be exponential at certain polarizations of the exciting light.In conclusion, an intriguing issue that is why the simple model of classical oscillating dipole for description of fluorescence is in good agreement with observational evidence(Amos &
Endothelial and smooth muscle cells are considered promising resources for regenerative medicine and cell replacement therapy. It has been shown that both types of cells are heterogeneous depending on the type of vessels and organs in which they are located. Therefore, isolation of endothelial and smooth muscle cells from tissues relevant to the area of research is necessary for the adequate study of specific pathologies. However, sources of specialized human endothelial and smooth muscle cells are limited, and the search for new sources is still relevant.

The main goal of our study is to demonstrate that functional endothelial and smooth muscle cells can be obtained from an available source—post-surgically discarded cardiac tissue from the right atrial appendage and right ventricular myocardium. Heterogeneous primary cell cultures were enzymatically isolated from cardiac explants and then grown in specific endothelial and smooth muscle growth media on collagen IV-coated surfaces. The population of endothelial cells was further enriched by immunomagnetic sorting for CD31, and the culture thus obtained was characterized by immunocytochemistry, ultrastructural analysis and in vitro functional tests. The angiogenic potency of the cells was examined by injecting them, along with Matrigel, into immunodeficient mice. Cells were also seeded on characterized polycaprolactone/chitosan membranes with subsequent analysis of cell proliferation and function.

Endothelial cells isolated from cardiac explants expressed CD31, VE-cadherin and VEGFR2 and showed typical properties, namely, cytoplasmic Weibel-Palade bodies, metabolism of acetylated low-density lipoproteins, formation of capillary-like structures in Matrigel, and production of extracellular matrix and angiogenic cytokines. Isolated smooth muscle cells expressed extracellular matrix components as well as α-actin and myosin heavy chain. Vascular cells derived from cardiac explants demonstrated the ability to stimulate angiogenesis in vivo. Endothelial cells proliferated most effectively on membranes made of polycaprolactone and chitosan blended in a 25:75 ratio, neutralized by a mixture of alkaline and ethanol. Endothelial and smooth muscle cells retained their functional properties when seeded on the blended membranes. We established endothelial and smooth muscle cell cultures from human right atrial appendage and right ventricle post-operative explants. The isolated cells revealed angiogenic potential and may be a promising source of patient-specific cells for regenerative medicine.
Since the human genome was sequenced in draft, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis has become one of the keynote fields of bioinformatics.

We have developed an integrated database-tools system, rSNP_Guide (http://wwwmgs.bionet.nsc.ru/mgs/systems/rsnp/), devoted to prediction of transcription factor (TF) binding sites, alterations of which could be associated with disease phenotype. By inputting data on alterations in DNA sequence and in DNA binding pattern of an unknown TF, rSNP_Guide searches for a known TF with alterations in the recognition score calculated on the basis of TF site's sequence and consistent with the input alterations in DNA binding to the unknown TF.

Our system has been tested on many relationships between known TF sites and diseases, as well as on site-directed mutagenesis data. Experimental verification of rSNP_Guide system was made on functionally important SNPs in human TDO2and mouse K-ras genes. Additional examples of analysis are reported involving variants in the human γA-globin (HBG1), hsp70(HSPA1A), and Factor IX (F9) gene promoters.
Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью расширения российской ресурсной базы Дальнего Востока. Изучение осадочных бассейнов и их углеводородного потенциала, разработка новых технологий прогноза традиционных и нетрадиционных месторождений углеводородного сырья остается приоритетным направлением Российской АН на многие годы. Оценка обогащенности пород органическим веществом и его генерационного потенциала поможет в работах по бассейновому моделированию. Настоящие исследования нужны также для: уточнения обстановок накопления органического вещества; реконструкции ландшафтов и биологического мира в кайнозое.

Методы: сопоставление данных пиролиза и изотопного анализа органического вещества и характеристик углеводородов-биомаркеров, полученных с помощью хромато-масс-спектрометрии в насыщенной и ароматической фракциях битумоидов, оценка источников, диагенетических обстановок и катагенетической преобразованности органического вещества.

Результаты. Органическое вещество исследованных образцов имеет признаки как террагенного (гумусового), так и аквагенного (сапропелевого) типов. Изотопный состав углерода органического вещества, распределение н-алканов, наличие каурана, биерана, филлокладанов (биомаркеров высших растений Podocarpaceae и Araucareaceae) в насыщенной фракции битумоидов, ретена (биомаркера хвойных растений) в ароматической фракции свидетельствуют о террагенной природе органического вещества. Вместе с тем в большинстве образцов характеристики ароматической фракции соответствуют аквагенному органическому веществу: низкие концентрации фенантренов, высокие – моно- и триароматических стероидов, распределение метилдибензотиофенов, вероятное присутствие длинноцепочечных алкилнафталинов – биомаркеров озерных водорослей Gloeocapsomorpha prisca и Botryococcus braunii.
Existence, uniqueness and stability of kinetic and entropy solutions to the boundary value problem associated with the Kolmogorov-type, genuinely nonlinear, degenerate hyperbolic–parabolic (ultra-parabolic) equation with a smooth source term is established.

Our proofs rely on the use of kinetic equations and the compensated compactness method for genuinely nonlinear balance laws.

In addition, we consider the case when the source term contains a small positive parameter and collapses to the Dirac delta-function, as this parameter tends to zero. In this case, the limiting passage from the original equation with the smooth source to the impulsive ultra-parabolic equation is investigated and the formal limit is rigorously justified.
The purpose of the study is to determine the main semantic variations of the mythological archetype of voice in the oral tradition, subsequently embedded in the socio-cultural and linguistic mentality. The scientific novelty of the study lies in conducting a comprehensive analysis of the voice archetype that has not been undertaken before and providing a description of its semiotic capabilities at an early stage of the formation of a mythological paradigm that responds to the topical issue of language and thought. As a result of the study, the following semantic variations have been identified in the voice archetype: the transfer of voice acoustic properties on natural phenomena (god’s word is thunder, his weapon is lightning, his breath is the wind) and the reflection of the heavenly elements in the human speech, i.e. the power of incantations; personification of voice (speech) as of gods of eloquence and prayers; the transfer of voice semantics into the field of divine knowledge with the acquisition of constitutive power; voice abstraction (voice as an opinion, voice of conscience, rumour).
Two-phase gas-liquid flow in microchannels occurs in a variety of modern industrial applications.

Using high-speed video recording, laser scanning and method LIF the characteristics of upward gas-liquid flow in rectangular microchannels with inlet T-mixer are considered. Experiments were carried out for the flow of water-nitrogen in microchannels with cross section 42×280 μm and 720×1500 μm.

Statistical characteristics of gas-liquid flow and distributions of the phases in cross-section of a microchannel, with hydraulic diameter less than the capillary constant, were identified in a wide range of liquid and gas flow rates.
The present review deals with the stages of creation, methods of calculation, and the use of a genetic risk score for coronary heart disease in various populations. The concept of risk factors is generally recognized on the basis of the results of epidemiological studies in the 20th century; according to this concept, the high prevalence of diseases of the circulatory system is due to lifestyle characteristics and associated risk factors. An important and relevant task for the healthcare system is to identify the population segments most susceptible to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The level of individual risk of an unfavorable cardiovascular prognosis is determined by genetic factors in addition to lifestyle factors.
RF drivers with various geometry of external antenna, Faraday shield and magnets at the rear flange were examined.

The production of negative hydrogen ions in the radio-frequency driven long-pulsed source with external antenna is studied. H- beam extraction through the single emission aperture was performed in the source pure-hydrogen mode with no external seed of alkali additives.

H- beam with ion emission current density up to 5 mA/cm2 and energy up to 75 keV was regularly obtained in the 1 s pulses of the pure-hydrogen mode. The regular temporal increase of H- ion production due to deposition of impurities on the plasma grid surface was recorded. The H- emission current density increased up to 9 mA/cm2 in this case.
Aim To evaluate changes in left ventricular (LV) systolic function by LV myocardial global longitudinal strain (GLS) and global strain rate (GSR) in patients with arterial hypertension (AH) and based on the effectiveness of blood pressure (BP) control in a Russian population sample of individuals older than 55 years.

Materials and methods This cross-sectional study was a population-based cohort study (HAPIEE, Novosibirsk). LV myocardial GLS and GSR were studied by echocardiography in a random sample (n=1004, 55-84 years). Statistical analysis was performed with multivariate models of logistic regression.

Conclusion In this population sample, LV GLS and GSR were independently associated with AH. The lowest GLS and GSR values were observed for ineffectively treated individuals with AH, which may reflect an early decline of LV systolic function with inadequate control of AH.
We develop the integral approach for the analysis of nonlocal ductile damage in metals. The starting point is the previously proposed phenomenological model of finite strain plasticity. The original damage model is delocalized by the averaging operator, applied to damage-related quantities like porosity and continuity. Depending on the implemented delocalization procedure, at least one internal length parameter in introduced into the formulation. As a result, the damage localization is controlled by the presence of length-like parameters, thus regularizing the boundary value problem. Owing to the regularization, numerically robust and physically sound simulations of crack initiation and propagation are possible. Unphysical localization of strain and damage into a zero thickness layer is effectively prevented. From the theoretical standpoint, the basic properties of the new material model are analysed. Model’s thermodynamic consistency, objectivity, and w-invariance are established. Efficient numerical algorithms are proposed. To test the robustness of the integral-based approach, low-order meshless smoothed particle simulations are carried out. As a demonstration problem, we simulate crack initiation and propagation in a compact tension specimen. The resulting force-displacement curves, apparent fracture toughness, energy dissipation, and patterns of damage distribution provide insight into the mechanical phenomena, captured by the framework. The impact of the modelling assumptions on the predicted structural strength is clarified: Isotropic and anisotropic averaging is discussed; the delocalization is applied on various configurations; continuity is introduced as a dual damage variable to minimize the unrealistic diffusion of damage.
Gai Shanlin (盖山林), of Manchu origin, was a native of Xingtang County
The article is devoted to the peculiarities of regional development in Russia. Particular attention is paid to the newest period after the crisis of 2008-2009. It is noted that over the past about 10 years, the indicators of GRP dynamics have sharply decreased in the overwhelming majority of the RF regions. At the same time, a considerable number of regions are demonstrating high dynamics these days, significantly exceeding the national average.

The article examines the conditions under which some Russian regions have achieved high growth rates of GRP.

It is shown that primary economic growth is achieved only if the region’s rate of accumulation is higher than the one of Russian Federation; or is similar to the average for Russia, and the capital cost per unit of output is noticeably lower.
Coefficient functions of the operator product expansion of correlators of HQET heavy--light quark currents are calculated up operators of dimension 4 up to to 3 loops.
Y-box-binding protein 1 (YB-1) is a multifunctional positively charged protein that interacts with DNA or RNA and poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR). YB-1 is poly(ADP-ribosyl)ated and stimulates poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) activity. Here, we studied the mechanism of YB-1-dependent PAR synthesis by PARP1 in vitro using biochemical and atomic force microscopy assays. PAR synthesis activity of PARP1 is known to be facilitated by co-factors such as Mg2+. However, in contrast to an Mg2+-dependent reaction, the activation of PARP1 by YB-1 is accompanied by overall up-regulation of protein PARylation and shortening of the PAR polymer. Therefore, YB-1 and cation co-factors stimulated PAR synthesis in divergent ways. PARP1 autoPARylation in the presence of YB-1 as well as trans-PARylation of YB-1 are greatly affected by the type of damaged DNA, suggesting that PARP1 activation depends on the formation of a PARP1–YB-1–DNA ternary complex. An unstructured C-terminal part of YB-1 involved in an interaction with PAR behaves similarly to full-length YB-1, indicating that both DNA and PAR binding are involved in the stimulation of PARP1 activity by YB-1. Thus, YB-1 is likely linked to the regulation of PARylation events in cells via an interaction with PAR and damaged DNA.
The Vuoriyarvi Devonian alkaline–ultramafic complex (northwest Russia) contains magnesiocarbonatites with rare earth mineralization localized in the Petyayan-Vara area. High concentrations of rare earth elements are found in two types of these rocks: (a) ancylite-dominant magnesiocarbonatites with ancylite–baryte–strontianite–calcite–quartz (±late Ca–Fe–Mg carbonates) ore assemblage, i.e., “ancylite ores”; (b) breccias of magnesiocarbonatites with a quartz–bastnäsite matrix (±late Ca–Fe–Mg carbonates), i.e., “bastnäsite ores.”

We studied fluid inclusions in quartz and late-stage Ca–Fe–Mg carbonates from these ore assemblages.

Fluid inclusion data show that ore-related mineralization was formed in several stages. We propose the following TX evolution scheme for ore-related processes: (1) the formation of ancylite ores began under the influence of highly concentrated (>50 wt.%) sulphate fluids (with thenardite and anhydrite predominant in the daughter phases of inclusions) at a temperature above300–350 °C; (2) the completion of the formation of ancylite ores and their auto-metasomatic alteration occurred under the influence of concentrated (40–45 wt.%) carbonate fluids (shortite and synchysite–Ce in fluid inclusions) at a temperature above 250–275 °C; (3) bastnäsite ores deposited from low-concentrated (20–30 wt.%) hydrocarbonate–chloride fluids (halite, nahcolite, and/or gaylussite in fluid inclusions) at a temperature of 190–250 °C or higher. Later hydrothermal mineralization was related to the low-concentration hydrocarbonate–chloride fluids (<15 wt.% NaCl-equ.) at 150–200 °C. The presented data show the specific features of the mineral and fluid evolution of ore-related late-stage hydrothermal rare earth element (REE) mineralization of the Vuoriyarvi alkaline–ultramafic complex.
A panel of cytokines and growth factors, mediating low-grade inflammation and fibrosis, was assessed in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and different patterns of chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Patients with long-term T2D (N = 130) were classified into four groups: no signs of CKD; estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 without albuminuria; albuminuria and eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2; albuminuria and eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Thirty healthy subjects were acted as control. Twenty-seven cytokines and growth factors were assessed in serum by multiplex bead array assay. Serum hs-CRP, urinary nephrin, podocine, and WFDC2 were measured by ELISA.

Patients with T2D showed elevated IL-1Ra, IL-6, IL-17A, G-CSF, IP-10, MIP-1α, and bFGF levels; concentrations of IL-4, IL-12, IL-15, INF-γ, and VEGF were decreased. IL-6, IL-17A, G-CSF, MIP-1α, and bFGF correlated negatively with eGFR; IL-10 and VEGF demonstrated negative associations with WFDC2; no relationships with podocyte markers were found. Adjusted IL-17A and MIP-1α were predictors of non-albuminuric CKD, IL-13 predicted albuminuria with preserved renal function, meanwhile, IL-6 and hsCRP were predictors of albuminuria with eGFR decline. Therefore, albuminuric and non-albuminuric CKD in T2D patients are associated with different pro-inflammatory shifts in the panel of circulating cytokines.
The article discusses the main reasons of the poor public health in Russia.There are such unfavorable indicators of health: low life expectancy and birth rates, high morbidity and mortality (especially among people of working age).In modern Russia the health of population is negatively affected by environmental factors, psycho-emotional stress because of economic crisis, and the low level of culture.But the main significant negative impact on health is provided by the underfunding of the health sector and inequality of Russian citizens in access to satisfactory health care.In the face of declining public health expenditure, people are forced to pay for medical services themselves.Therefore private expensive medicine supplants free medicine.The public health expenditure should be at least 6.6 % of GDP (instead of 3.5 % nowadays) to achieve satisfactory level of the public health.
В. М. Рынков ВРЕМЕННОЕ ОБЛАСТНОЕ ПРАВИТЕЛЬСТВО УРАЛА: СООТНОШЕНИЕ РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫХ И ОБЩЕРОССИЙСКИХ ФАКТОРОВ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ (август
We have clarified that a topological insulator, Bi2Te2Se, shows two surface states with gigantic Rashba-type spin-splitting located at a binding energy deeper than the topological surface state. The magnitude of the Rashba parameter, as well as the momentum splitting, is found to be large enough to realize a number of nanometer-sized spintronic devices. This novel finding paves the way to studies of gigantic Rashba systems that are suitable for future spintronic applications.
Sussemionus is an extinct subgenus of Equus first characterized and delineated in 2010. The almost complete mitochondrial genome is available only for a single specimen of Sussemionus – a 40,000 years old E. ovodovi from Proskuryakova cave (Khakassia, Russia).

Our studies of ancient horses from Denisova cave (Altai, Russia) revealed mitochondrial DNA of this species in a 32,000 years old sample. Using alignments to multiple mitochondrial genomes of non-caballine equids, we recovered 100% complete mitochondrial genome of E. ovodovi for the first time.

Phylogenetic analysis demonstrates close relationship between this individual and the one previously described in Khakassia.
Статья посвящена рассмотрению деятельности органов военного судопроизводства в частях русской регулярной армии, дислоцированных в Сибири в XVIII в.

Выявлены особенности функционирования этих органов в процессе рассмотрения дел обвиняемых и вынесения приговоров.

Установлено, что вышестоящие инстанции (командование Сибирского корпуса, генерал-аудиторская экспедиция Военной коллегии) зачастую смягчали приговоры, выносимые полковыми судами тех воинских частей, где служили обвиняемые.В ряде случаев дисциплинарную ответственность за проступки своих подчиненных также несли их командиры, в некоторых эпизодах к участию в процедурах следствия и суда подключались гражданские власти.
The paper presents the results of an experimental study of the Couette-Taylor flow fluctuations in a ring channel with oppositely rotating multicylinder rotors. Experiments were carried out using water-glycerine solutions as a working fluid. The rotation resistance moment and its pulsations were investigated, using the system for measuring the torque resistance of rotation of rotors, made in the form of a digital dynamometer based on a tension sensor. The investigations made it possible to establish that the classic dependence of the appearance of Taylor vortices is observed in the slit flow of a multicylinder system rotating oppositely. It was shown that in the range of Reynolds numbers Re = (100 – 500), pulsations of dissipative processes with variable frequency and amplitude up to 10% of the mean value of rotation resistance are observed.