Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
F-polynomials for virtual knots were defined by Kaur, Prabhakar and Vesnin in 2018 using flat virtual knot invariants. These polynomials naturally generalize Kauffman’s affine index polynomial and use smoothing in the classical crossing of a virtual knot diagram. In this paper, we introduce weight functions for ordered orientable virtual and flat virtual links. A flat virtual link is an equivalence class of virtual links with respect to a local symmetry changing a type of classical crossing in a diagram. By considering three types of smoothing in classical crossings of a virtual link diagram and suitable weight functions, there is provided a recurrent construction for new invariants. It is demonstrated by explicit examples that newly defined polynomial invariants are stronger than F-polynomials.
Instulator proteins are central to domain organization and gene regulation in the genome.

We used ectopic tethering of CHROMATOR (CHRIZ/CHRO) and dCTCF to pre-defined regions of the genome to dissect the influence of these proteins on local chromatin organization, to analyze their interaction with other key chromatin proteins and to evaluate the effects on transcription and replication. Specifically, using UAS-GAL4DBD system, CHRO and dCTCF were artificially recruited into highly compacted polytene chromosome bands that share the features of silent chromatin type known as intercalary heterochromatin (IH). This led to local chromatin decondensation, formation of novel DHSes and recruitment of several 'open chromatin' proteins. CHRO tethering resulted in the recruitment of CP190 and Z4 (PZG), whereas dCTCF tethering attracted CHRO, CP190, and Z4.

Importantly, formation of a local stretch of open chromatin did not result in the reactivation of silent marker genes yellow and mini-white immediately adjacent to the targeting region (UAS), nor did RNA polII become recruited into this chromatin. The decompacted region retained late replicated, similarly to the wild-type untargeted region.
We propose a method for scientific terms extraction from the texts in Russian based on weakly supervised learning. This approach doesn't require a large amount of hand-labeled data. To implement this method we collected a list of terms in a semi-automatic way and then annotated texts of scientific articles with these terms. These texts we used to train a model. Then we used predictions of this model on another part of the text collection to extend the train set. The second model was trained on both text collections: annotated with a dictionary and by a second model. Obtained results showed that giving additional data, annotated even in an automatic way, improves the quality of scientific terms extraction.
A new test facility for experimental simulation of transient heat load expected in the ITER divertor during unmitigated events is developed. Application of a long-pulse (0.1–0.3 ms) wide-aperture (up to 2 cm2) electron beam as a heating device provides powerful energy loads at a tungsten target with FHF> 250 MJ m−2 s−0.5. Dynamics of tungsten particles in the ablation plume is investigated with a novel for PSI experiments small-angle laser light scattering technique. The threshold of intense droplet generation and dynamics of particles sizes are estimated.
At present motor transport is one of the key components of the formation of a long-term policy of sustainable economic development. Analysis of the structure of energy consumption in motor transport is necessary for better understanding of the factors that affect the increase in the share of renewable energy sources in transport and the effectiveness of specific support measures for the transition to vehicles with minimal or no greenhouse gas emissions. Models of pooled regression, regression with random and fixed effects were built in order to reveal the influence of the chosen factors on the share of renewable energy and electricity in the structure of energy consumption by vehicles. The results of evaluation for 31 European countries in the 2005-2017 showed that the criterion, which allows identifying groups of countries, is the volume of environmental transport taxes per vehicle unit. Countries with higher taxation volumes has such influencing factors as Corruption Perceptions Index, Energy productivity, Total environmental taxes per capita and Employment in high- and medium-high technology manufacturing sectors and knowledge-intensive service sectors. Consumption in countries with lower tax differentiation is influenced by index of research intensity, Corruption Perceptions Index and Shares of environmental and labour taxes.
The early Paleozoic Terskey Suture zone, located in the southern part of the Northern Tien Shan domain in Kyrgyzstan, comprises tectonic slivers of dismembered ophiolites and associated primitive volcanics and deep-marine sediments.

In the Lake Songkul area, early-middle Cambrian pillow basalts are crosscut by the Songkultau intrusion of coarse-grained gneissose quartz diorites and tonalites with geochemical characteristics typical for high-SiO2 adakites (SiO2 >56 wt.%, Al2O3 >15 wt.%, Na2O >3.5 wt.% and high Sr/Y and La/Yb ratios). The Songkultau granitoids have positive initial εNd (+3.8 to +6.4) and εHf (+12.3 to +13.5) values indicating derivation from sources with MORB-like isotopic signature. Volcanic formations, surrounding the Songkultau intrusion, have geochemical affinities varying from ocean floor to island arc series.

This rock assemblage is interpreted as a relic of an early–middle Cambrian primitive arc where the adakite-like granitoids were derived from partial melting of young and hot subducted oceanic crust. An age of 505 Ma, obtained for the Songkultau intrusion, shows that hot subduction under the Northern Tien Shan continued until middle Cambrian. The primitive arc complexes were obducted onto the Northern Tien Shan domain, where the Andean type continental magmatic arc developed in Cambrian and Ordovician. Formation of the Andean type arc was accompanied by uplift, erosion and deposition of coarse clastic sediments. A depositional age of ca. 470 Ma, obtained for the gravellites in the Lake Songkul area, is in agreement with the timing of deposition for lower Ordovician conglomerates elsewhere in the Northern Tien Shan, and corresponds to the main phase of the Andean type magmatism. The Songkultau adakites in association with surrounding ocean floor and island arc formations constitute a relic of a primitive Cambrian arc and represent a juvenile domain of substantial size identified so far within the predominantly crustal-derived terranes of Tien Shan. On a regional scale this primitive arc can be compared with juvenile Cambrian arcs of Kazakhstan, Gorny Altai and Mongolia.
Crystallization of diamond in the Mg-Si-C system has been studied at 7.5 GPa and 1800 °C with the Mg-Si compositions spanning the range from Mg-C to Si-C end-systems.

The crystallized diamonds are studied by a suite of optical spectroscopy techniques and the major characteristics of their defect-and-impurity structure are revealed.

It is found that as Si content of the system increases from 0 to 2 wt %, the degree of the graphite-to-diamond conversion increases from about 50 to 100% and remains at about this level up to 20 wt % Si. A further increase in Si content of the system leads to a decrease in the graphite-to-diamond conversion degree down to complete termination of diamond synthesis at Si content >50 wt %. Depending on the Si content crystallization of diamond, joint crystallization of diamond and silicon carbide and crystallization of silicon carbide only are found to take place. The cubic growth of diamond, typical of the Mg-C system, transforms to the cube-octahedron upon adding 1 wt % Si and then to the octahedron at a Si content of 2 wt % and higher. The correlations between the Si content of the Mg-Si-C system and the properties of the produced diamond crystals are established.
The article analyzes homo dignus («a worthy person») as a theoretical, constitutional and legal concept; secular and theological approaches to understanding human dignity, differences between the Roman concept of «dignitas» and the theological concept of «image of God» («imago Dei»); the problem of constitutional-legal and wider legal regulation of human dignity in the domestic and international context is investigated.

The article uses methods of discursive and comparative legal analysis, the method of constitutional design, specific historical and formal legal methods of analysis.

It is concluded that a complex constitutional legal institution of the personhood dignity has been gradually forming in Russia. This institution is a constitutional and legal innovation in the structure of the foundations of the legal status of a person and citizen.
Anecdotal evidence for the efficacy of oncolytic virotherapy exists for this strain.

We report here the complete genome sequence of Sendai virus Moscow strain. The RNA genome of the Moscow strain is 15,384 nucleotides in length.

The RNA genome differs from the nearest strain, BB1, by 18 nucleotides and 11 amino acids.
The suppression of superconductivity in disordered systems is a fundamental problem of condensed matter physics.

Here we investigate the superconducting niobium-titanium-nitride (Nb_{1-x}Ti_{x}N) thin films grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD) where disorder is controlled by the slight tuning of the ALD process parameters.

We observe the smooth crossover from the disorder-driven superconductor-normal metal transition (often reffered to as fermionic mechanism) to the case where bosonic mechanism dominates and increasing disorder leads to formation of metal with Cooper pairing. We show that, in moderately disordered films, the transition to zero-resistance state occurs in a full agreement with the conventional theories of superconducting fluctuations and Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition. However, the critically disordered films violate this accord showing low-temperature features possibly indicating the Bose metal phase. We show that it is the interrelation between film's sheet resistance in the maximum, R_{max}, of the resistive curve R(T) and R_q = h/4e^2 that distinguishes between these two behaviors. We reveal the characteristic features in magnetoresistance of the critically disordered films with R_{max} > R_q
The largest radiative corrections to the cross section of electron-proton scattering at high energies are associated with emission of photons, real and virtual, by electron. They contain large logarithms coming from soft and collinear photons. Cancellation of the contributions of the soft photons to virtual and real corrections is well known. Less known is the fact that the contributions of the photons collinear to scattered electrons are also canceled for the most of experiments. On the contrary, contributions of the photons collinear to initial electrons as a rule are not canceled. It is shown, however, that these contributions are canceled for the experimental set up suggested by A.A. Vorobev for measurement of proton radius.
B chromosomes (Bs) or supernumerary chromosomes are extra chromosomes in the species karyotype that can vary in their copy number. Bs are widespread. Usually, the Bs of specimens collected from natural populations are involved in studies.

We applied another approach analyzing the Bs in animals of laboratory cultures. In this study, three species of the Macrostomum genus that underwent a recent whole-genome duplication (WGD) were involved. In laboratory lines of M. lignano and M. janickei, the frequency of Bs was less than 1%, while in the laboratory culture of M. mirumnovem, it was nearer 30%. Their number in specimens of the culture varied from 1 to 14. Mosaicism on Bs was discovered in parts of these animals. We analyzed the distribution of Bs among the worms of the laboratory cultures during long-term cultivation, the transmission rates of Bs in the progeny obtained from crosses of worms with different numbers of Bs, and from self-fertilized isolated worms. The DNA content of the Bs in M. mirumnovem was analyzed with the chromosomal in situ suppression (CISS) hybridization of microdissected DNA probes derived from A chromosomes (As).

Bs mainly consisted of repetitive DNA. The cytogenetic analysis also revealed the divergence and high variation in large metacentric chromosomes (LMs) containing numerous regions enriched for repeats. The possible mechanisms of the appearance and evolution of Bs and LMs in species of the Macrostomum genus were also discussed.
It is demonstrated that large volumes of granites were formed due to the oblique collision of the Kara microcontinent and the Siberian paleocontinent.

We present new structural, petrographic, geochemical and geochronological data for the late Paleozoic–early Mesozoic granites and associated igneous rocks of the Taimyr Peninsula. Based on U-Th-Pb isotope data for zircons, we identify syncollisional (315–282 Ma) and postcollisional (264–248 Ma) varieties, which differ not only in age but also in petrochemical and geochemical features.

It is also shown that as the postcollisional magmatism was coming to an end, Siberian plume magmatism manifested in the Kara orogen and was represented by basalts and dolerites of the trap formation (251–249 Ma), but also by differentiated and individual intrusions of monzonites, quartz monzonites and syenites (Early–Middle Triassic) with a mixed crustal-mantle source. We present a geodynamic model for the formation of the Kara orogen and discuss the relationship between collisional and trap magmatism.
Providing several functionalities to a single material is an emerging challenge with many industrial prospects in materials sciences. Self-assembled organic-inorganic hybrid materials endowed with emission properties are part of these new materials. While the inorganic moieties provide emissivity, the organic part confers nanostructuration and processability. Here we describe how columnar arrangements can be obtained by assembling, via electrostatic interactions, isometric anionic inorganic nanoemitters, namely [Re6Se8(CN)6]4-, with imidazolium counter cations bearing triphenylene units. The resulting hybrids combine the emission of both components and energy transfer has been evidenced between both entities. Hole charge mobilities of the hybrid organic-inorganic columnar mesophases were also evaluated by the space charge limited current (SCLC) method.
Microinclusions of high-density fluids (HDFs) were studied in coated diamonds from the Udachnaya kimberlite pipe (Siberian craton, Russia). The presence of C-centers in the coats testifies to their formation shortly before kimberlite eruption, whereas the cores have much longer mantle residence in chemically different mantle substrates, i.e., peridotite-type (P-type) and eclogite-type (E-type). The carbon isotope composition indicates an isotopically homogeneous carbon source for coats and a heterogeneous source for cores. Microinclusions in the coats belong to two groups: high-Mg carbonatitic and low-Mg carbonatitic to silicic. A relationship was found between high-Mg carbonatitic HDFs and peridotitic host rocks and between low-Mg carbonatitic to silicic and eclogites. The composition of high-Mg carbonatitic HDFs with a “planed” trace-element pattern can evolve to low-Mg carbonatitic to silicic during percolation through different mantle rocks. The compositional variations of microinclusions in the coats reflect this evolution.
To study transforming growth factors – beta 1,2,3 (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, TGF-β3) in intraocular aqueous humor (AH) of patients with the advanced stage of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG).

The study included an examination of 56 patients with advanced stage of POAG which comprised the main group. The diagnosis of POAG was confirmed based on ophthalmological examination. The control group consisted of 30 patients with uncomplicated cataract. TGF-β isoforms concentrations were detected by flow fluorimetry using Bio-Plex Pro™ TGF-β 3-plex Assay and double-beam laser analyzer Bio-Plex 200, Bio-Rad, USA. Three isoforms of TGF-β (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, TGF-β3) were simultaneously detected in AH.

The study revealed a significant increase of TGF-β isoforms concentrations in AH of the advanced POAG compared to AH of the group with uncomplicated cataract: TGF-β1 (3.1 times higher), TGF-β2 (1.4 times) and TGF-β3 (6.9 times). The following direct significant correlations were found: between TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 (r=0.41, p<0.03), between TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 (r=0.83, p<0.004), and between TGF-β2 and TGF-β3 (r=0.35, p<0.04). We determined a simultaneous increase of concentrations of the studied representatives of super-family transforming growth factors, which have an anti-inflammatory activity, potential to stimulate proliferation, cellular growth, synthesis of proteins of extracellular matrix, etc. These results prove their importance in the POAG pathogenesis.
We measure the quantum capacitance and probe thus directly the electronic density of states of the high mobility, Dirac type two-dimensional electron system, which forms on the surface of strained HgTe. Here we show that observed magnetocapacitance oscillations probe---in contrast to magnetotransport---primarily the top surface. Capacitance measurements constitute thus a powerful tool to probe only one topological surface and to reconstruct its Landau level spectrum for different positions of the Fermi energy.
The paper is devoted to the study of AP-CVD synthesis of graphene on a copper substrate. In this work, the effect of hydrogen concentration in the synthesis gas mixture on the growth of a graphene coating is studied experimentally. Two series of experiments with methane concentrations of 0.02% and 0.05% are presented. It is shown that a change in concentration of hydrogen has a nonmonotonic effect on the degree of substrate covering with graphene. This indicates that hydrogen is involved in several competing processes. One of these processes is stabilization of the edges of growing graphene domains. Another is etching of the forming graphene structures and reduction of hydrocarbon radicals on the copper substrate surface and in the bulk. It is shown that an increase in methane concentration leads to an increase in the rate of graphene crystal growth. To preserve the kinetics of graphene domain growth, it is necessary to reduce the H 2 /CH 4 coefficient in the working mixture.
The development of technologies for the accelerated formation or decomposition of gas hydrates is an urgent topic. This will make it possible to utilize a gas, including associated petroleum one, into a hydrate state for its further use or to produce natural gas from hydrate-saturated sediments. In this work, the effect of water content in wide range (0.7–50 mass%) and the size of quartz sand particles (porous medium; <50 μm, 125–160 μm and unsifted sand) on the formation of methane and methane-propane hydrates at close conditions (subcooling value) has been studied. High-pressure differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray computed tomography techniques were employed to analyze the hydrate formation process and pore sizes, respectively. The exponential growth of water to hydrate conversion with a decrease in the water content due to the rise of water–gas surface available for hydrate formation was revealed. Sieving the quartz sand resulted in a significant increase in water to hydrate conversion (59% for original sand compared to more than 90% for sieved sand). It was supposed that water suction due to the capillary forces influences both methane and methane-propane hydrates formation as well with latent hydrate forming up to 60% either without a detectable heat flow or during the ice melting. This emphasizes the importance of being developed for water–gas (ice–gas) interface to effectively transform water into the hydrate state. In any case, the ice melting (presence of thawing water) may allow a higher conversion degree. Varying the water content and the sand grain size allows to control the degree of water to hydrate conversion and subcooling achieved before the hydrate formation. Taking into account experimental error, the equilibrium conditions of hydrates formation do not change in all studied cases. The data obtained can be useful in developing a method for obtaining hydrates under static conditions.
Over 35 fur colours have been described in American mink ( Neovison vison ), only six of which have been previously linked to specific genes. Moyle fur colour belongs to a wide group of brownish colours that are highly similar to each other, which complicates selection and breeding procedures. We performed whole genome sequencing for two American minks with Moyle ( m/m ) and Violet ( a/a m/m /p/p ) phenotypes. We identified two frame-shift mutations in the gene encoding Ras-related protein-38 ( RAB38 ), which regulates the trafficking of tyrosinase-containing vesicles to maturing melanosomes. The results highlight the role of RAB38 in the biogenesis of melanosomes and melanin and the genetic mechanism contributing to hair colour variety and intensity. These data are also useful for tracking economically valuable fur traits in mink breeding programmes.
Copy Number Variation (CNV) of the human CNTN6 gene (encoding the contactin-6 protein), caused by deletions or duplications, is responsible for severe neurodevelopmental impairments, often in combination with facial dysmorphias. Conversely, deleterious point mutations of this gene do not show any clinical phenotypes. The aim of this study is to generate mice carrying large deletions, duplications and inversions involving the Cntn6 gene as a new experimental model to study CNV of the human CNTN6 locus. To generate large chromosomal rearrangements on mouse chromosome 6, we applied CRISPR/Cas9 technology in zygotes. Two guide RNAs (gRNAs) (flanking a DNA fragment of 1137 Mb) together with Cas9 mRNA and single-stranded DNA oligonucleotides (ssODN) were microinjected into the cytoplasm of 599 zygotes of F1 (C57BL x CBA) mice, and 256 of them were transplanted into oviducts of CD-1 females. As a result, we observed the birth of 41 viable F0 offspring. Genotyping of these mice was performed by PCR analysis and sequencing of PCR products. Among the 41 F0 offspring, we identified seven mice with deletions, two animals carrying duplications of the gene and four carrying inversions. Interestingly, two F0 offspring had both deletions and duplications. It is important to note that while three of seven deletion carriers showed expected sequences at the new joint sites, in another three, we identified an absence of 1–10 nucleotides at the CRISPR/Cas9 cut sites, and in one animal, 103 bp were missing, presumably due to error-prone non-homologous end joining. In addition, we detected the absence of 5 and 13 nucleotides at these sites in two F0 duplication carriers. Similar sequence changes at CRISPR/Cas9 cut sites were observed at the right and left boundaries of inversions. Thus, megabase-scale deletions, duplications and inversions were identified in 11 F0 offspring among 41 analyzed, i.e., approximately 25% efficiency. All genetically modified F0 offspring were viable and able to transmit these large chromosomal rearrangements to the next generation. Using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, we created mice carrying megabase-scale deletions, duplications, and inversions involving the full-sized Cntn6 gene. These mice became founders of new mouse lines, which may be more appropriate experimental models of CNV in the human 3p26.3 region than Сntn6 knockout mice.
The innovation and resource factor of economic development has been studied actively, since the middle of the 20th century. The problem of taking into account the innovative factor in regression analysis is urgent now. Several empirical indicators correspond to the innovation factor, but they cannot fully reflect the meaning of innovation used in theoretical models. There is a need to choose the indicator that would least distort the essence of the scientific and technical progress.

We use panel regressions and data about Russian regions for 2014-2018.

It was shown, that that the resource factor has a positive effect on economic growth, and the innovation factor is insignificant.