Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Binary uniformly packed in the narrow sense codes were introduced in 1971 by Semakov, Zinoviev and Zaitsev. Later more general definitions were proposed by Bassalygo, Zaitsev and Zinoviev (uniformly packed in the wide sense codes) and by Goethals and Tilborg (uniformly packed codes). We consider binary uniformly packed in the wide sense codes. These codes are well known for their remarkable properties and have been intensively studied. In this paper we give an upper bound on the number of distinct uniformly packed in the wide sense codes of length n with constant odd minimum distance d and fixed parameters of packing. In particular, we give nontrivial upper bounds on the numbers of Preparata codes with d = 5, primitive BCH codes with d equal to 5 or 7, Goethals codes with d = 7, et al. The result obtained generalizes the upper bound for the number of perfect codes with d = 3 that was derived by Avgustinovich in 1995.
A Schur ring over a finite group is said to be decomposable if it is the generalized wreath product of Schur rings over smaller groups.

In this paper we establish a sufficient condition for a decomposable Schur ring over the direct product of elementary abelian groups to be a CI-Schur ring.

By using this condition we offer short proofs for some known results on the CI-property for decomposable Schur rings over an elementary abelian group of rank at most 5.
Quantitative and qualitative analysis of chromosomal polymorphism in 19 natural populations of Ch.agilis had been performed. Most studied populations showed a medium level of chromosomal polymorphism: on average 45±3.0% of specimens are heterozygotes with 0.52±0.01 heterozygotic inversion per larvae. Besides inversions, B-chromosomes were found in two populations. The total number of banding sequences found in banding sequence pool of Ch.agilis is 16. Three banding sequences - p'agiB3, p'agiD3, p'agiF3 - are described for the first time.
The goal of this study is to develop algorithms and programs to compute wave travel times and directions at the nodes of a given 3D grid. We consider a velocity model that can be described analytically or presented by defining velocity values at the nodes of a 3D regular point grid. In the latter case, the velocity model is smoothed by a spatial low-pass filtering.

An algorithm of 3D shooting is developed. The algorithm can be used in case of a point source and more generally for an initial wave front position defined as a parametric surface Φ(θ, φ). In the latter case, the initial points of rays on this surface are not known beforehand. In the case of a source point, the ray direction is determined by the variables θ, φ. We consider equations for partial derivatives with respect to the variables θ, φ together with the differential ray system. The entire system is solved by a fifth-order Runge-Kutta method with step-size and precision control. With known derivatives at ray points we can use Newton's iterative method, which guarantees quadratic convergence. Moreover, with these derivatives we can calculate geometrical spreading and thus the amplitudes.

Different types of velocity structures such as homogeneous, gradient, etc. and different types of surface Φ(θ, φ) are considered. The results of numerical experiments are presented.
We report on our direct experimental observation of a new regime of operation of passively mode-locked fibre lasers

Spatio-temporal intensity and dispersive Fourier-transformation measurements enable us to capture such transient dynamics in real time

the laser oscillator generates pulsating solitons with extreme ratios of maximal to minimal intensities in each period of pulsations. The soliton spectra also experience large periodic broadening and compression
The system is described for the preliminary plasma creation in the GOL-PET facility. Currently, after this system was considerably reconstructed, it is based on a high-voltage discharge system with pulsed gas injection. The new system was studied on the subject of whether, with its help, it is possible to create preliminary plasma with different longitudinal and transverse density distributions. The results obtained are presented which seem to be encouraging.
The arising of the cavitation cavity behind the circular cylinder with aspect ratio 0.06 has been investigated using high-speed visualization.

High-speed imaging at a sampling rate up to 200 kHz and even higher for the local areas allowed the spatial structure and dynamics of gas-vapor cavities thoroughly to be studied. The time dependence of the volume of the cavitation cavity on time was obtained for all investigated regimes.

The vapor volume fraction, as expected, was found to increase with a decrease in cavitation number at higher flowrates. The feature of the separated cavitation cavity behind the cylinder is the complex structure consisting of the set of the flatted bubbles with a thin liquid interface between them. The collapse of the cavitation cavity proved to be always initiated only near one of the channel walls.
Molecular timescales estimate that early animal lineages diverged tens of millions of years before their earliest unequivocal fossil evidence. The Ediacaran macrobiota (~574 to 538 million years ago) are largely eschewed from this debate, primarily due to their extreme phylogenetic uncertainty, but remain germane. We characterize the development of Charnia masoni and establish the affinity of rangeomorphs, among the oldest and most enigmatic components of the Ediacaran macrobiota. We provide the first direct evidence for the internal interconnected nature of rangeomorphs and show that Charnia was constructed of repeated branches that derived successively from pre-existing branches. We find homology and rationalize morphogenesis between disparate rangeomorph taxa, before producing a phylogenetic analysis, resolving Charnia as a stem-eumetazoan and expanding the anatomical disparity of that group to include a long-extinct bodyplan. These data bring competing records of early animal evolution into closer agreement, reformulating our understanding of the evolutionary emergence of animal bodyplans.
We present a laboratory study on the instability of internal wave attractors in a trapezoidal fluid domain filled with uniformly stratified fluid.

Energy is injected into the system via standing-wave-type motion of a vertical wall. Attractors are found to be destroyed by parametric subharmonic instability via a triadic resonance which is shown to provide a very efficient energy pathway from long to short length scales.

This Letter provides an explanation of why attractors may be difficult or impossible to observe in natural systems subject to large amplitude forcing.
This work is devoted to the numerical analysis of stabilization of the incompressible viscoelastic polymer fluid flow in the channel with elliptical cross-section.

To describe the flow, mesoscopic rheological relations are used, and resolving non-stationary equations are derived. For solving them a special pseudo-spectral method is developed and implemented.

As time increases, under certain conditions on the parameters of flow the solution to the non-stationary problem stabilizes and converges to the one of three branches of the solution to the corresponding stationary problem. It is shown that the variation of the parameters describing polymer microstructure leads to the switch of stabilized solution between these branches. The work provides the results of simulation of the flow stabilization and the analysis of the threshold values of parameters at which the switching occurs.
Проанализировать предпосылки возникновения межгосударственных интеграционных объединений начиная с древнейших времён (союз греческих полисов) и завершая современным периодом (Евросоюз)

Проведён анализ взглядов исследователей. Методологической основой исследования являются теория политогенеза Р. Карнейро и обобщённый метод сходства и различия Бэкона-Милля
We report a search for the charmless hadronic decay ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\eta}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$ with a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $694\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ containing $753\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1{0}^{6}$ $B\overline{B}$ pairs. The data were collected by the Belle experiment running on the $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}(4S)$ resonance at the KEKB ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collider. We measure a branching fraction $\mathcal{B}({B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\eta}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0})=(4.{1}_{\ensuremath{-}1.5\ensuremath{-}0.7}^{+1.7+0.5})\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1{0}^{\ensuremath{-}7}$, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. Our measurement gives an upper limit of $\mathcal{B}({B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\eta}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0})<6.5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1{0}^{\ensuremath{-}7}$ at 90% confidence level. The signal has a significance of 3.0 standard deviations and constitutes the first evidence for this decay mode.
A simple model has been suggested for describing self-organization of localized charges and quantum scattering in undoped GaAs/AlGaAs structures with 2D electron or hole gas created by applying respective gate bias. It has been assumed that these metal / dielectric / undoped semiconductor structures exhibit predominant carrier scattering at localized surface charges which can be located at any point of the plane imitating the GaAs / dielectric interface.

The suggested model considers all these surface charges and respective image charges in metallic gate as a closed thermostated system. Electrostatic self-organization in this system has been studied numerically for thermodynamic equilibrium states using the Metropolis algorithm over a wide temperature range.

We show that at T > 100 K a simple formula derived from the theory of single-component 2D plasma yields virtually the same behavior of structural factor at small wave numbers as the one given by the Metropolis algorithm. The scattering times of gate-induced carriers are described with formulas in which the structural factor characterizes frozen disorder in the system. The main contribution in these formulas is due to behavior of the structural factor at small wave numbers. Calculation using these formulas for the case of disorder corresponding to infinite T has yielded 2–3 times lower scattering times than experimentally obtained ones. We have found that the theory agrees with experiment at disorder freezing temperatures T ≈ 1000 K for 2D electron gas specimen and T ≈ 700 K for 2D hole gas specimen. These figures are the upper estimates of freezing temperature for test structures since the model ignores all the disorder factors except temperature.
This work presents results of the investigation of structural and morphological features of epitaxial InSb layers in the AlAs matrix.

Our research group used transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The specimens were grown by molecular beam epitaxy and prepared in the cross section (110) and plan view foils (100). We used the method of geometric phase to analyze the distribution of misfit dislocation cores on the interface.

We found a formation of the embedded epitaxial layer of solid solution InxAl1-xSbyAs1-y in the AlAs matrix during precipitation of In and Sb on the AlAs surface. The embedded layer had continuous area (wetting layer) and islands. The study revealed two types of islands in the epitaxial layer the first having coherent interfacing with the matrix lattice and the second a relaxed island. We estimated concentration of In, Sb in the solid solution by the indirect method. Every misfit dislocation was formed by two close 600-dislocations with the Burgers vectors like a /2 . The sum Burgers vector of the dislocation pair was in the plane of the interface.
Dual-frequency sub-Doppler spectroscopy (DF SDS) in vapor cells allows the detection of enhanced-absorption natural-line-width resonances.We investigate here the application of this spectroscopy technique into a Cs micro-fabricated cell. The dependence of the sub-Doppler resonance on the laser intensity is described. The influence of the cell temperature and the retroreflection mirror position was also studied. A preliminary laser beat-note between two 894 nm lasers, each stabilized using DF SDS, demonstrates an Allan deviation lower than 2 × 10 -12 at 1 s and at the level of 10 -12 at 10 2 . Main contributions to the short-term and mid-term stability budget are under study. Latest results will be reported at the conference.
Computational modeling based on data on the compositions of melt inclusions in chrome-spinelids using the COMAGMAT [12] and PETROLOG [11] programs indicates the similarity of the parent melt of meimechites [4] with the picritic magma of the Gulinsky massif.

Experimental data on the inclusions confirm this conclusion, showing the reliability of the actually calculated trends in the fractionation of ultrabasic melts. In general, the calculations showed that the crystallization of olivine from the high-magnesium pyrite melt occurred in the temperature range of 1510–1260 ° C, mainly at a pressure of 6–7 kbar. At the same time, the melt evolves and approaches its composition to olivine basalt, from which, starting from 1200 ° C, clinopyroxene mainly crystallizes with enrichment of the residual melt with alkalis, rare and rare-earth elements.

The similarity of the compositions of the parental melts for meimechites and Gulinsky pluton rocks and the proximity of P – T parameters of their evolution indicates a possible genetic relationship of these magmatic formations.
Understanding the population structure and mechanisms of taxa diversification is important for organisms responsible for the transmission of human diseases. Two vectors of West Nile virus, Culex pipiens pipiens and Cx. p. molestus , exhibit epidemiologically important behavioral and physiological differences, but the whole-genome divergence between them was unexplored.

In this study, we re-sequenced and compared the whole genomes of 40 individual mosquitoes from four locations in Eurasia and North America: the Republic of Belarus, the Kyrgyz Republic, and the United States of America. Principal Component, ADMIXTURE, and neighbor joining analyses of the nuclear genomes identified two intercontinental, monophyletic clusters of Cx. p. pipiens and Cx. p. molestus. The third cluster, having a polyphyletic origin, was formed by Cx. p. pipiens and Cx. quinquefasciatus from the USA. The level of genomic differentiation between the subspecies was uniform along chromosomes. The ADMIXTURE analysis determined signatures of admixture in all Cx. p. pipens populations but not in Cx. p. molestus populations. Comparison of mitochondrial genomes among the specimens showed a paraphyletic origin of the major haplogroups between the subspecies but a monophyletic structure between the continents.

Thus, our study identified that Cx. p. molestus and Cx. p. pipiens represent different evolutionary units with monophyletic origin that have undergone incipient ecological speciation.
The results of a high-resolution Raman scattering study of a diamond crystal with a high content of single substitutional nitrogen impurities (550 ppm) in the temperature range from 50 to 673 K are presented and compared with the data for defect-free diamond.

Analysis of the experimental data allows us to conclude that this broadening should be attributed to the defect-induced shortening of the Raman phonon lifetime.

It is established that the increase of the nitrogen concentration in diamond leads to the temperature-independent increase of the Raman line width. We believe that this mechanism is responsible for the increase of the Raman line width caused by most point-like defects in diamond. No pronounced effects of the nitrogen defects on the Raman line position and phonon anharmonicity are observed.
The stochastic molecular modeling method (SMM) of transport processes in rarefied gases developed by the authors is systematically discussed in this paper. It is shown that, it is possible to simulate the transport coefficients of rarefied gas with high accuracy, using a relatively small number of molecules. The data of modeling the thermal conductivity coefficient are presented for the first time. The second part of the paper is devoted to the generalization of the SMM method for modeling transport processes in confined conditions. To describe the dynamics of molecules in this case, the splitting of their evolution by processes is used: first, the movement of molecules in the configuration space is simulated, and then their dynamics in the velocity space is imitated. Anisotropy of viscosity and thermal conductivity in nanochannels has been established. The interaction of gas molecules with walls is described by specular or specular-diffuse reflection laws. Gas viscosity can be either greater than in the bulk or less, depending on the law of gas interaction with the channel walls.
Modern China is one of the fastest growing economies in the world. This success has been achieved thanks to the creation of technological enterprises and the widespread introduction of innovations aimed at increasing labor productivity and making efficient use of other factors of production. China is undergoing a transformation in its economic growth environment.

Based on data from the Ministry of Education of China, official statistics, publications that are publicly available on the Chinese Internet, and scientific articles published in leading world publications, the article shows how the number of universities training undergraduates and doctoral students, the number and structure of students in various specialties have changed over the past decade.

As an important force of technological progress, which is the key to transforming a country’s economy, it is human capital, and its foundation is high-quality education. Moreover, one of the main priorities of the Chinese Government is to build the “national scientific force” in the hope that China will make breakthroughs in advanced economic fields. Therefore, the development of the system of postgraduate professional education, including the training of undergraduates and doctoral students, is a top priority. The Chinese Government plays a primary role in establishing a competitive national system of postgraduate education. The article presents the modern project of national scientific training system reform.
In the present study, water is considered as a dynamic network between molecules at distances not exceeding 3.2 angstroms.

The instantaneous configurations obtained by using the molecular dynamics method have been sequentially analyzed, the mutual orientation of each molecule with its neighboring molecules has been studied and the interaction energy of each pair of neighbor molecules has been calculated.

The majority of mutual orientation angles between molecules lie in the interval [10, 30] degrees. It has been shown that more than 85% of the molecular pairs in each instantaneous configuration form H-bonds and the H-bond network includes all water molecules in the temperature range 233-293 K. The number of H-bonds fluctuates near the mean value and increases with decreasing temperature, and the energy of the vast majority of such bonds is much higher than the thermal energy. The interaction energy of 80% of the H-bonding molecular pairs lies in the interval [-7; -4] kcal/mol. The interaction energy of pairs that do not satisfy the H-bond angle criterion lies in the interval [-5; 4] kcal/mol, and the number of such bonds does not exceed 15% and decreases with decreasing temperature. For the first time it was found that in each instantaneous configuration the H-bond network contains built-in nanometric structural heterogeneities formed by shorter H-bonds. The fraction of molecules involved in the structural heterogeneities increases from 40% to 60% with a temperature decrease from 293 K to 233 K. These heterogeneities have a finite lifetime, but are constantly present in the water. The number of large heterogeneities (containing more than 20 molecules) increases with decreasing temperature, and the number of small structural heterogeneities (less than 20) decreases.
The paper offers a detailed interpretation of the proem of Parmenides’ great Poem. The subjects discussed include the relationship Parmenides could possibly have with the Orphic movement (particularly the Derveni cosmology), the identity of the hero of the poem and the goddess that reveals him the truth, the topographic peculiarities of his heavenly travel, some technical questions, etc.

In general, my intention is to demonstrate that the rich cultural and literary context of the proem decisively contributes to a clearer understanding of philosophical ideas, for the first time expressed by Parmenides.
The kernel of the BFKL equation for non-zero momentum transfer is found at next-to-leading order.

It is presented in various forms depending on the regularization of the infrared singularities in "virtual" and "real" parts of the kernel.

The infrared safety of the total kernel is demonstrated and a form free from the singularities is suggested.
The human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines, ICGi009-A, ICGi009-B, ICGi013-A and ICGi013-B, were generated from skin fibroblasts of two siblings with intellectual disability. Both patients were carriers of CNTN6 gene microdeletion (Kashevarova et al., 2014). iPSC lines have normal karyotype, express pluripotency markers, are able to differentiate in vitro into derivatives of all three germ layers and represent a unique tool to study neurodevelopmental disorders.
The review presents recommendations for pre-hospital management of traumatic haemorrhagic shock (PHMTHS), details of its performance, criteria for evaluation of efficacy and results of application. The main principles of PHMTHS developed during military activity of armed forces of the USA and their allies in Iraq and Afghanistan were: controlled hypotension, early infusion of tranexamic acid and the priority of blood loss replacement via transfusion. PHMTHS performed according to the stated principles leads to a significant decrease in the number of lethal outcome cases. This offers prospects for application of similar tactics of pre-hospital management in civilian medicine.