Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Background: Gastritis and gastric cancer are the most common diseases in the Kazakh population. Polymorphisms in genes coding of cytokines have been played important role with gastric disease risk. The risk alleles of cytokines in patients with gastritis can predict the risk of developing gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate cytokine gene polymorphisms as risk factors for the development of gastritis in a case-control study with gastritis patients and healthy individuals from the Kazakh ethnic group, living in North Kazakhstan.

Materials and Methods: The polymerase chain reaction followed by direct sequencing were used for detection of two functional polymorphisms in the IL1 gene family, and TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assay Sets were applied for three potentially functional polymorphisms in the IL10 gene, and one in the TNFA promoter.

Results: Association analysis of studied allelic variants and the development of gastritis in H. pylori-positive patients showed that IL1B -31C/C, IL1B -511T/T and IL1RN -2/2 allelic variants were associated with development of gastritis (OR=1.8 (1.07-3.16), p=0.025; OR=1.7 (1.04-2.99), p=0.035, and OR=4.92 (2.45-9.85), p<0.001) respectively. Haplotype C-Т that combines both homozygous allelic variants of IL1B gene also had a statistically significant association with slightly higher OR (OR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.08-1.88). Conclusions: The data from the current study showed that the genotype IL-1B -511Т/-31C-IL1-RN-2 and H. pylori infection increase risk of gastritis in the Kazakh population. That genotype combination might be a factor increasing the risk of developing gastric cancer.
We report the first observation of Y(5S) -> Y(nS) pi0 pi0 decays. The neutral partner of the Zb+-(10610), the Zb0(10610) decaying to Y(2,3S) pi0, is observed for the first time with a 6.5 sigma significance using a Dalitz analysis of Y(5S) -> Y(2,3S) pi0 pi0 decays. The results are obtained with a 121.4 fb^-1 data sample collected with the Belle detector at the Y(5S) resonance at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e+e- collider.
The previously constructed ones. The fact that the previously known representations are not faithful for [Formula: see text] is verified.

In the present paper, a new representation of the virtual braid group [Formula: see text] into the automorphism group of free product of the free group and free abelian group is constructed. Using representations of [Formula: see text], a virtual link group is defined. Also representations of the welded braid group [Formula: see text] are constructed and the welded link group is defined.

This representation generalizes the previously constructed ones.
Neuronal tracing is a modern technology that is based on the expression of fluorescent proteins under the control of cell type-specific promoters. However, random genomic integration of the reporter construct often leads to incorrect spatial and temporal expression of the marker protein. Targeted integration (or knock-in) of the reporter coding sequence is supposed to provide better expression control by exploiting endogenous regulatory elements.

Here we describe the generation of two fluorescent reporter systems: EGFP under pan-neural marker class III β-tubulin ( Tubb3 ) promoter and mEos2 under serotonergic neuron specific tryptophan hydroxylase 2 ( Tph2 ) promoter. Differentiation of Tubb3-EGFP ES cells into neurons revealed that though Tubb3-positive cells express EGFP, its expression level is not sufficient for the neuronal tracing by routine fluorescent microscopy. Similarly, the expression levels of mEos2-TPH2 in differentiated ES cells was very low and could be detected only on mRNA level using PCR-based methods.

Our data shows that the use of endogenous regulatory elements to control transgene expression is not always beneficial compared to random genomic integration.
Huntington's disease (HD) is an incurable hereditary neurodegenerative disorder, which manifests itself as a loss of GABAergic medium spiny (GABA MS) neurons in the striatum and caused by an expansion of the CAG repeat in exon 1 of the huntingtin gene. There is no cure for HD, existing pharmaceutical can only relieve its symptoms.

Here, induced pluripotent stem cells were established from patients with low CAG repeat expansion in the huntingtin gene, and were then efficiently differentiated into GABA MS-like neurons (GMSLNs) under defined culture conditions. The generated HD GMSLNs recapitulated disease pathology in vitro, as evidenced by mutant huntingtin protein aggregation, increased number of lysosomes/autophagosomes, nuclear indentations, and enhanced neuronal death during cell aging. Moreover, store-operated channel (SOC) currents were detected in the differentiated neurons, and enhanced calcium entry was reproducibly demonstrated in all HD GMSLNs genotypes. Additionally, the quinazoline derivative, EVP4593, reduced the number of lysosomes/autophagosomes and SOC currents in HD GMSLNs and exerted neuroprotective effects during cell aging.

Our data is the first to demonstrate the direct link of nuclear morphology and SOC calcium deregulation to mutant huntingtin protein expression in iPSCs-derived neurons with disease-mimetic hallmarks, providing a valuable tool for identification of candidate anti-HD drugs. Our experiments demonstrated that EVP4593 may be a promising anti-HD drug.
Диверсификация экономики является одним из стратегических приоритетов российских регионов, при этом существующие подходы к измерению и интерпретации оценок многообразны и опираются на различные, порой противоречащие теоретические предположения.

Рассмотрены проблемы измерения экономической диверсификации региона. Сделан обзор основных индикаторов диверсификации, показаны возможности и ограничения их применения
Origin of the streaks is examined in the flat plate boundary layer at Mach 2. They arise due to the interaction of the weak shock waves with flow in vicinity of the flat plate leading edge.

The case of flat plate with blunted leading edge of 0.6 mm in radius is tested here.

The process is accompanied by significant increase of the pulsation amplitudes in the boundary layer. The effect for the sharp leading edge is not so visible. Results of the action of pair weak shock waves can be different and this finding is considered in the paper.
Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs) are a heterogeneous group of malignant lymphomas that can occur in both lymph nodes and extranodal sites. Bone marrow (BM) is the most common site of extranodal involvement in NHL. The objective of this study is to determine the unique profile of miRNA expression in BM affected by NHL, with the possibility of a differential diagnosis of NHL from reactive BM changes and acute leukemia (AL). A total of 180 cytological samples were obtained by sternal puncture and aspiration biopsy of BM from the posterior iliac spine. All the cases were patients before treatment initiation. The study groups were NHL cases (n = 59) and AL cases (acute lymphoblastic leukemia (n = 25) and acute myeloid leukemia (n = 49)); the control group consisted of patients with non-cancerous blood diseases (NCBDs) (n = 48). We demonstrated that expression levels of miRNA-124, miRNA-221, and miRNA-15a are statistically significantly downregulated, while the expression level of let-7a is statistically significantly upregulated more than 2-fold in BM in NHL compared to those in AL and NCBD. ROC analysis revealed that let-7a/miRNA-124 is a highly sensitive and specific biomarker for a differential diagnosis of BM changes in NHL from those in AL and NCBD. Therefore, we conclude that analysis of miRNA expression levels may be a promising tool for early diagnosis of NHL.
Skin fibroblasts from a patient with intellectual disability and ring chromosome 22 were reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to establish a clonal stem cell lines, IMGTi001-A (iTAF5-29) and IMGTi001-B (iTAF5-32).

Because of ring chromosome mitotic instability these cell lines show mosaic karyotypes with 46,XX,r(22) in >83% cells, 45,XX,-22 as minor class and sporadically cells with other karyotypes. Differentiation in derivatives of all three germ layers was shown in teratoma assay for IMGTi001-A, and in embryoid bodies for both cell lines.

To our knowledge, human iPSC lines with ring chromosome are described for the first time.
In this paper, a pulsed wire method (PWM) for magnetic measurements was described. Experimental setup was developed and assembled. The results of measurements on superconductive 38-pole 0.75 T undulator are given. Two different wires were used – 200 µm and 140 µm diameter. For 140 µm the calibration curve was obtained, wire position sensor has high sensitivity – 0.28 V/μm. A dispersion correction algorithm was applied to the raw data from sensor and corrected signals were given. The results and further works are being discussed.
Biologically active substances are in the focus of pharmaceutical and chemical research. Serotonin, one of the most common neurotransmitters, is widely studied in relation to its effect on humans from cellular to neurological levels. Although serotonin plays a key role in some biological processes, its chemistry and crystallography are not sufficiently understood. The aim of the present study was to crystallize serotonin adipate and creatinine sulfate monohydrate, determine their crystal structures, and analyze them in a comparison with other previously known serotonin crystal structures. Special attention was paid to the interrelation between the molecular conformation and crystalline environment. This issue was addressed using crystallographic and computational chemistry (DFT-D, MD) approaches. In our research was shown that the crystal structure of the creatinine sulfate complex significantly differs from what was previously determined. The conformation of serotonin in the new structure differs from serotonin conformations in all other known complexes, as well as from the most stable conformation, predicted by the adiabatic conformational analysis using quantum chemical calculations (DFT, MP) in different phases. This work has explicitly shown the influence of different interactions on serotonin molecular conformation in the crystalline state, described from a crystallographic and theoretical point of view. It has been previously demonstrated that salt formation in the presence of different anions produces variation in pharmacological, therapeutic and physic-chemical properties. This study has shown that alterations of the anion affects the molecular geometry of the bioactive substance and invite further investigation to rationalize the geometry changes. The work was supported by the RFBR Grants No.14-03-31866, 13-03-92704, Russian Ministry of Science and Education and RAS, Siberian Supercomputer Center SB RAS Integration Grant No.130, Edinburgh Compute and Data Facility
Personalized nutrition is of increasing interest to individuals actively monitoring their health. The relations between the duration of diet intervention and the effects on gut microbiota have yet to be elucidated.

Here we examined the associations of short-term dietary changes, long-term dietary habits and lifestyle with gut microbiota. Stool samples from 248 citizen-science volunteers were collected before and after a self-reported 2-week personalized diet intervention, then analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing.

Considerable correlations between long-term dietary habits and gut community structure were detected. A higher intake of vegetables and fruits was associated with increased levels of butyrate-producing Clostridiales and higher community richness. A paired comparison of the metagenomes before and after the 2-week intervention showed that even a brief, uncontrolled intervention produced profound changes in community structure: resulting in decreased levels of Bacteroidaceae, Porphyromonadaceae and Rikenellaceae families and decreased alpha-diversity coupled with an increase of Methanobrevibacter, Bifidobacterium, Clostridium and butyrate-producing Lachnospiraceae- as well as the prevalence of a permatype (a bootstrapping-based variation of enterotype) associated with a higher diversity of diet. The response of microbiota to the intervention was dependent on the initial microbiota state. These findings pave the way for the development of an individualized diet.
Most of eukaryotic DNA is embedded into nucleosome arrays formed by DNA wrapped around a core histone octamer. Nucleosome is a fundamental repeating unit of chromatin guarding access to the genetic information. Here, I will discuss two facets of nucleosome in eukaryotic gene control. On the one hand, nucleosome acts as a regulatory unit, which controls gene switches through a set of post-translational modifications occurring on histone tails. On the other hand, global configuration of nucleosome arrays with respect to nucleosome positioning, spacing and turnover acts as a tuning parameter for all genomic functions. A "histone code" hypothesis extents the Jacob-Monod model for eukaryotic gene control; however, when considering factors capable of reconfiguring entire nucleosome array, such as ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers, this model becomes limited. Global changes in nucleosome arrays will be sensed by every gene, yet the transcriptional responses might be specific and appear as gene targeted events. What determines such specificity is unclear, but it's likely to depend on initial gene settings, such as availability of transcription factors, and on configuration of new nucleosome array state.
The objective of this study was to investigate the precocious sexual maturation in stoat females.

We confirmed oestrus and successful mating in newborn stoats; and documented ovulation, preimplantation embryo development, embryonic diapause and implantation during first nine months of life. A total of 100 embryos at different stages of development were flushed from the oviducts and uterine horns obtained from female stoats (Mustela erminea) between day 26 and day 251 after birth. At same time points, the ovaries were fixed, sectioned and analysed for the presence of follicles and corpora lutea.
Aim . To evaluate the results of a three-year follow-up of patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) and quality of life (QOL) dynamics after pulmonary thromboendarterectomy (PTE). Material and methods . The study included 125 patients with CTEPH aged 49,7± 11,9 years. Three-year follow-up included the recording of adverse cardiovascular events, surgeries, death during the period from the end of hospitalization and up to three years. The SF-36 questionnaire was used to assess physical and mental wellbeing before and three years after PTE. Multivariate linear regression was used to assess the factors affecting QOL in the long-term postoperative period. Results . During a three-year follow-up, adverse cardiovascular events was recorded in 1,9% of patients. One patient underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery and one patient — cholecystectomy. Reoperative PTE was not carried out. The overall three-year survival rate was 90,4%.At baseline, patients with CTEPH had a low level of physical and mental well-being (<40 points). Three years after the operation, these parameters significantly increased (p<0,05), but did not exceed 50 points. Multivariate linear regression revealed an unfavorable effect of early postoperative residual pulmonary hypertension on the physical health three years after PTE. Other factors (age, sex, body weight, comorbidity, hospital acquired complications) did not affect the physical and emotional aspects of QOL. Conclusion . Three-year survival rate in patients with CTEPH after PTE was 90,4%. During the follow-up period, no recurrent thromboembolic events were recorded. Adverse cardiovascular events were recorded in 1,9% of patients. Three years after surgery, the physical and mental health increased in comparison with preoperative values, but did not exceed 50 points on the SF-36 questionnaire. The physical aspect of QOL after surgery is affected by early postoperative residual pulmonary hypertension.
The isospin asymmetries of B → K (∗) μ + μ − decays and the partial branching fractions of B 0 → K 0 μ + μ − and B + → K ∗+ μ + μ − are measured as a function of the di-muon mass squared q 2 using an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb −1 collected with the LHCb detector.

The B → Kμ + μ − isospin asymmetry integrated over q 2 is negative, deviating from zero with over 4 σ significance. The B → K ∗ μ + μ − decay measurements are consistent with the Standard Model prediction of negligible isospin asymmetry. The observation of the decay B 0 → K S μ + μ − is reported with 5.7 σ significance.

Assuming that the branching fraction of B 0 → K 0 μ + μ − is twice that of B 0 → K S μ + μ − , the branching fractions of B 0 → K 0 μ + μ − and B → K ∗+ μ + μ − are found to be (0 . 31 −0.06 ) × 10 −6 and (1 . 16 ± 0 . 19) × 10 −6 , respectively.
This work investigates a concept of coupled fiber lasers exhibiting PT-symmetry and a PT-transition between PTsymmetric and PT-broken lasing states.

We consider a system operated via Raman gain comprising two fiber loops (ring cavities) connected to each other by means of two fiber couplers with adjustable phase shift between them. We make theoretical and numerical description of the proposed coupled fiber lasers starting with the simple discrete matrix model taking into account coupling, phase delays, gain (which is assumed to be saturated), losses and nonlinear phase shift. Further on we adopt more sophisticated model based on Nonlinear Schrödinger equation for PT fiber laser. Taking into account quasi-CW polychromatic radiation with typical spectral bandwidth of fiber Raman lasers, chromatic dispersion and Kerr nonlinearity.

By changing the phase shift or/and amplification (loss) in fiber loops, one can switch between generation regimes, realizing either PTsymmetric or PT-broken solution. In the PT-symmetric lasing regime, equal powers are generated in both cavities despite only active one is pumped. We show how the PT-transition is affected by self-phase modulation inside the fiber cavity and investigate requirements that should be met in order to observe PT-transition experimentally despite Kerr effect that violates exact symmetry conditions. In particular, we show that PT-transition may be observable only near lasing threshold. We demonstrate both PT-symmetric and PT-broken lasing in a fiber laser.
Mechanisms that ensure repair of double-stranded DNA breaks play a key role in the integration of foreign DNA into the genome of transgenic organisms. After pronuclear microinjection, exogenous DNA is usually found in the form of concatemer consisting of multiple co-integrated transgene copies. Here we investigated contribution of various DSB repair pathways to the concatemer formation. We injected a pool of linear DNA molecules carrying unique barcodes at both ends into mouse zygotes and obtained 10 transgenic embryos with transgene copy number ranging from 1 to 300 copies. Sequencing of the barcodes allowed us to assign relative positions to the copies in concatemers and to detect recombination events that happened during integration. Cumulative analysis of approximately 1000 integrated copies revealed that more than 80% of copies underwent recombination when their linear ends were processed by SDSA or DSBR. We also observed evidence of double Holliday junction (dHJ) formation and crossing-over during the formation of concatemers. Additionally, sequencing of indels between copies showed that at least 10% of the DNA molecules introduced into the zygote are ligated by non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). Our barcoding approach documents high activity of homologous recombination after exogenous DNA injection in mouse zygote.
The data presented in this article are related to the research article entitled 'Structure and electrochemical characterization of SnOx/[email protected] composites formed by pulsed ion beam irradiation' (Korusenko et al., 2019).

This article presents the effect of irradiation by pulsed ion beam (PIB) irradiation at various modes on the structure multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and composites based on MWCNTs and tin oxide as well as cycling performance of these composites.

The article also presents the results of the analysis of the structure of the electrodes, obtained on the basis of the initial and irradiated composites.
In this work we present experimental data on measuring distributions of small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) during cast trinitrotoluene (TNT) detonation of 30 and 40 mm in diameter.

The work was carried out at the SYRAFEEMA (Synchrotron Radiation Facility for Exploring Energetic Materials) station at accelerator complex VEPP-4M (Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics).

Dynamics of average size of condensed carbon nanoparticle increases has been restored from experimental SAXS data. We observe minimal size of particles of order of 2 nm directly behind the detonation front. Later, the average size of carbon nanoparticles increases within 4-12 μs and reach values of 6 nm.
Burnt deposits are an important source of information on ancient lifestyles, providing the possibility of reconstructing the size, intensity of use, and functions of fi replaces at prehistoric settlements, and to assess fuel sources.

We outline the results of a multidisciplinary study of fi replaces and their contexts at Surungur—a stratifi ed site in the Fergana Valley, in southern Kyrgyzstan. Sixteen samples from ash lenses and intermediate deposits were studied by rock-magnetism, gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and X-ray fl uorescence (XRF).

The rock-magnetic analysis suggests that the origin of all samples from ash lenses was anthropogenic. Types of fuel were reconstructed. At the initial stage (Early Holocene), the encompassing deposits likely resulted from short-term occupation, and fuel consisted of wood and grass/ dung. In the Middle Holocene, occupation became more long-term, as evidenced by maximal heating temperatures and high concentration of fi replaces. During the Late Holocene, habitation intensity on the platform under the stone ledge remained the same, but heating was less intense. Wood and grass/dung were used as fuel at all stages, suggesting that wood was available in the region throughout the Holocene.
This work summarizes results of synchrotron radiation (SR) studies of the real/defect structure of nanocrystalline/nanocomposite oxide materials, which determines their functional properties in hydrogen energy field as catalysts and mixed ionic electronic conductors (cathodes and anodes of solid oxide fuel cells, oxygen separation membranes). For nanocrystalline ceria-zirconia mixed oxide prepared via modified Pechini route using ethanol solution of reagents, a high spatial uniformity of cations distribution between domains along with the oxygen sublattice deficiency revealed by full-profile Rietveld refinement of SR diffraction data provide structure disordering enhancing oxygen mobility. For PrNi0.5Co0.5O3–δ – Ce0.9Y0.1O2–δ nanocomposite extensive transfer of Pr cations into fluorite domains generates a new path of fast oxygen diffusion along chains of Pr3+ – Pr4+ cations as directly proved by analysis of the unit cell relaxation after changing pO2 in perfect agreement with data obtained by oxygen isotope heteroexchange.
A numerical simulation of the flow of air around micro or nanoparticles was carried out. The results of calculating the drag coefficient for various diameters of the free-stream Mach number are presented. For particles with a diameter of 10 and 100 μm, the influence of flow turbulence was taken into account. The calculated dependences obtained are compared with empirical formulas.