Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Surface melting of tungsten under exposure to a pulsed electron beam was simulated numerically, the evaporation process taken into account. The calculation is based on the experimental time dependence of the total beam power.

The model of the tungsten heating process is based on solving the two-phase Stefan problem. The position of the phase boundary depends on discontinuous time- and space-nonlinear coefficients and boundary conditions. The aim of the study is to provide a detailed resolution of the heat flow deep into the material with a fine spatial grid step. As compared with the size of the tungsten plate, the heating depth is very small. The problem statement under consideration is multiscale. Further expansion of the model involves taking into account microcracks. Micro-cracks occur during the cooling process after exposure and affect the temperature of the tungsten surface during the subsequent heating process. The article presents a modeling of cracks of different geometries typical for this process.

The results of the calculations correlate with the experimental data obtained on the experimental test facility BETA at BINP SB RAS.
Objective : to investigate the association of the polymorphic marker Val158Met in the catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) gene with depression in an open population aged 25–44 years.

Patients and methods . A representative sample of the population living in Oktjabr'skij district of Novosibirsk aged 25– 44 years (427 men, median age – 34±0.4 years, response rate – 71%; 548 women, median age 35±0.4 years, response rate – 72%) was screened in 2013–2016 (budget framework № 0324- 2018-0001, Reg. № AAAA-A17-117112850280-2). In addition to the standard epidemiological examination, screening participants underwent psychological testing, which determined the level of depression. Study participants who underwent COMT Val158Met (rs4680) polymorphism genotyping were randomly assigned to a cohort of 224 men and 217 women. Pearson's χ2 test was used to test the statistical significance of differences between these groups; p≤0.05 was considered statistically significant in all types of analysis.

Results and discussion . In an open population aged 25–44 years, the prevalence of severe depression (SD) was 13.2%, moderate depression – 24.4%. SD was more prevalent in COMT G/G genotype carriers (61.8%), compared to A/A genotype carriers (38.2%; χ 2 =6.097; df=2, p=0.047); the G allele carriers also had a higher prevalence of SD (55.3%), compared to A allele carries (44.7%; χ 2 =5.408; df=1; p=0.02). SD was less prevalent among male COMT A/A genotype carriers (15.8%), compared to G/A genotype carriers (84.2%; χ 2 =4.603; df=1; p=0.032). SD was more prevalent in female G/G genotype carriers (65.5%), compared to A/A genotype carriers (34.5%; χ 2 =4.769; df=1; p=0.029). The G allele was more common among women with SD (58.2%) than the A allele (41.8%; χ 2 =6.658; df=2; p=0.01). In a logistic regression model, COMT Val/Val genotype in the studied population [Relative risk (RR) 1.594], as well as G (Val) allele in the studied population (RR=1.378) and women (RR=1.557), significantly increased the risk of depression. Conclusion. The data allows us to assume that COMT G/G polymorphism may be linked to a high depression level.
A comparative analysis of the results of two paired sociological studies of the Russian academic community in the Siberian Branch of the RAS (SB RAS) in 1992 – 1994 and 2015 – 2016 was carried out. The first study was realised at the institutes of the Novosibirsk Scientific Center (NSC SB RAS); the second again at the Research Institutes of the NSC SB RAS, as well as at the academic institutes of Tomsk, Irkutsk and Krasnoyarsk was carried out. The main method: in-depth structured interviews focused on the problems of (a) professional adaptation of “ordinary” scientists and (b) reactions of the institutes and laboratories to radical changes in state scientific policy. A comparative analysis showed that despite the different goals and results of implementing scientific policy in the early 1990s and in mid-2010s, the scientific community often demonstrates the same, in fact, “response to threats” expressed in the professional behavioral strategies. These strategies are conservative and situationally non-adaptive. Management of research institutes strives to maintain the “status quo”; they aim, if possible, not to change the structure of professional relations, the directions and subjects of researches. This testifies to the inert structure of academic science and science management, which aims to maintain the main organizational components that were laid down in the Soviet 1930s.
In the paper a model for description of a hydraulic fracture propagation in inhomogeneous poroelastic medium is proposed. Among advantages of the presented numerical algorithm, there are incorporation of the near-tip analysis into the general computational scheme, account for the rock failure criterion on the base of the cohesive zone model, possibility for analysis of fracture propagation in inhomogeneous reservoirs. The numerical convergence of the algorithm is verified and the agreement of our numerical results with known solutions is established. The influence of the inhomogeneity of the reservoir permeability to the fracture time evolution is also demonstrated.
This paper presents the study of the author's style of A.S. Pushkin based on the comparison of his poetic texts with the texts of contemporary poets.

The purpose of this study is to determine the features of the author's style of A.S. Pushkin using machine learning methods. This paper describes the construction of several classifications based on different groups of features, as well as the classification based on a combined set of features from different groups.

The quality of all constructed classifications is also analyzed; special attention is paid to the interpretation of the neural network solution and the identification of features of the author's style.
In the present work, a thermodynamic analysis of the interaction between endonuclease VIII (Endo VIII) and model DNA substrates containing damaged nucleotides, such as 5,6-dihydrouridine and 2-hydroxymethyl-3-hydroxytetrahydrofuran (F-site), was performed.

The changes in the fluorescence intensity of the 1,3-diaza-2-oxophenoxazine (tC°) residue located in the complementary chain opposite to the specific site were recorded in the course of the enzyme-substrate interaction. The kinetics was analyzed by the stopped-flow method at different temperatures. The changes of standard Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, and entropy of sequential steps of DNA substrate binding, as well as activation enthalpy and entropy for the transition complex formation of the catalytic stage, were calculated.

The comparison of the kinetic and thermodynamic data characterizing the conformational transitions of enzyme and DNA in the course of their interaction made it possible to specify the nature of the molecular processes occurring at the stages of substrate binding, recognition of the damaged base, and its removal from DNA.
Uncontrolled hypertension is a major cardiovascular risk factor.

We examined uncontrolled hypertension and differences in treatment regimens between a high-risk country, Russia, and low-risk Norway to gain better understanding of the underlying factors.
Patterns of the nonequilibrium phase transitions during propagation of an adiabatic wave phase transition in metastable refrigerants R141b, R113 and pentane C5H12 were experimentally established.

Experiments were carried out in a wide range of initial temperatures and pressures in a transparent cylindrical channel. Visualization of liquids decay was performed using high-speed video camera.
We report a measurement of exclusive e+e−→D(*)+sD(*)−s cross sections as a function of center-of-mass energy near the D(*)+sD(*)−s threshold with initial-state radiation. The analysis is based on a data sample collected with the Belle detector with an integrated luminosity of 967 fb−1.Received 19 November 2010DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.83.011101© 2011 The American Physical Society
Supplementary Table S2. SMR-HEIDI results for 8q24.21 locus between back pain and other complex traits. Column headers of Tables S2: Secondary Trait Name: Name of complex trait Dataset: Name of dataset (UKB Neale's lab or UKB Gene Atlas) Index_SNP: RsID of SNP used as target in SMR-HEID analysis Proxy_SNP: RsID of top SNP in the selected locus - SNP presented in both GWAS data with minimum P-values in back pain GWAS r(proxy_SNP,index_SNP): linkage disequilibrium coefficient between index and proxy SNP beta_SMR: Beta SMR for proxy SNP p_SMR: P-value of beta SMR qFDR-BH SMR: P-value of beta SMR after Bonferroni correction p_HEIDI: P-value of HEIDI test n_HEIDI: Number of SNPs used in HEIDI test SNPs_HEIDI: List of rsID of SNPs used in HEIDI test Supplementary Table S3. SMR-HEIDI results for 8q24.21 locus between back pain and expression of genes. Column headers of Tables S3: Secondary Trait Name: Name of complex trait Tissue: Name of the tissue from which the samples were taken to study gene expression Gene_name: Gene name corresponding to the transcript name Transcript Name: Transcript name (ID) Dataset: Name of dataset (CEDAR, GTEx_v6) beta_SMR: Beta SMR for proxy SNP p_SMR: P-value of beta SMR qFDR-BH SMR: P-value of beta SMR after Bonferroni correction p_HEIDI: P-value of HEIDI test n_HEIDI: Number of SNPs used in HEIDI test SNPs_HEIDI: List of rsID of SNPs used in HEIDI test Part of the article: Williams FMK et al. "Sequence variation at 8q24.21 and risk of back pain"
This work is devoted to the study of the phenomenon of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) in Au nanocluster arrays using optical reflection spectroscopy.Arrays of nanoclusters having the shape of a cylinder, the diameter and period of which vary in the range of 30-150 and 130-200 nm, respectively, were manufactured on Si and Si / SiO 2 substrates by electron beam lithography.From a comparison of experimental reflection spectra with numerically calculated by finite difference time domain method (FDTD), the structural parameters of the model of plasmon nanostructures, used later for the calculation of absorption spectra of plasmon structures, were determined.The LSPR frequencies were determined by the maximum of the absorption spectra.This study revealed a strong dependence of the LSPR frequency position on the size of nanoclusters, the distance between nanoclusters, and the thickness of the SiO 2 layer in the nanometer range.Particular attention was paid to the observation of the reflection spectra of the formation of a transverse plasmon mode propagating along the surface of the substrate and polarized perpendicular to the surface.We associate the excitation of this mode with the scattering of the electromagnetic field on neighboring nanoclusters.The proposed method provides the possibility of rapid determination of the frequency position of the LSPR in the optical reflection spectra, which is especially important in the case of opaque substrates (including Si and Si / SiO 2 substrates), for which the measurement of optical absorption is impossible.A wide range of potential applications for metallic nanostructures with well-controlled plasmon properties includes surface-enhanced infrared absorption, photoluminescence, and Raman scattering, as well as signal transmission in silicon Photonics.
Gorely is an active volcano located 75 km from Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Kamchatka. In 2010–2015, it exhibited strong activity expressed by anomalously high gas emission. In 2013–2014, we deployed a temporary network consisting of 20 temporary seismic stations that operated for one year. We selected 333 events with 1613 P-wave and 2421 S-wave arrival times to build the first tomographic model of this volcano. The seismic model was carefully verified using a series of synthetic tests. Our tomographic model provides a mechanism for volatile feeding of Gorely. An unexpected feature of the model was low Vp/Vs ratios; below 1.4 in some parts. One reason for such low Vp/Vs ratios is gas contamination due to magma degassing. In the central part of the model, directly underneath the Gorely crater, we observe a 2.5 km wide and 1.5 km thick seismic anomaly with a very high Vp/Vs ratio of up to 2. This may represent a magma reservoir with a high melt and/or volatile content. The upper limit of this anomaly, 2.5 km below the surface, may indicate the degassing level, which coincides with the most intense seismicity. Below this reservoir, we observe another columnar high Vp/Vs ratio anomaly. This can be interpreted as a conduit bringing magma and fluids from deeper sources.
Flow boiling in microchannel heat sinks is significantly influenced by capillary forces and by boundary constrains affecting the flow pattern and the heat transfer.

In the present work, some characteristics of flow boiling heat transfer are explained using measurements of statistical parameters of gas-liquid two-phase flow in a rectangular microchannel. Such statistical characteristics of the flow as length distributions of elongated bubbles and liquid plugs, and also velocity distribution of the elongated bubbles are determined by dual laser scanning of the horizontal adiabatic nitrogen-water flow in a microchannel with the cross-section of 370×217 μm. Pressure gradients in gas-liquid flow are measured, and the results found well matching the predictions that account for capillary pressure on the gas-liquid interface. Heat transfer coefficients are measured for a horizontal copper microchannel heat sink with refrigerant R-21 as the working fluid. The heat sink contains 21 channels with cross section dimensions 930×335-μm. Distribution of local heat transfer coefficients along the length and the width of the microchannel plate is measured in the range of heat fluxes from 14 to 63 kW/m2; vapour quality was varied within 0.05-0.8, and pressure was about 1.6 bar.

For flow boiling of R-21 refrigerant, contributions of nucleate boiling and forced convection are comparable. This allows us to examine the heat transfer mechanism for these complex conditions.
Microalgae, as a source of numerous biologically active substances, are promising candidates for the development of novel biologically active supplements. An important aspect determining the possibility of using microalgae involves the absence of adverse effects on the organs and systems of the human and animal body. At the development stage, special attention should be paid to the safety of microalgae for biomedical use in terms of the absence of significant negative effects on the haematopoiesis and the functional status of immune cells.

In this regard, the present study investigates the effect of oil extracts obtained from five microalgae species on haematopoietic parameters, the number and functional activity of spleen and thymus cells, as well as on immunoglobulin levels in the blood serum of laboratory animals.

According to the obtained results, Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) and Cylindrotheca closterium (C. closterium) extracts decrease the number of leukocytes in the peripheral blood. Coelastrella sp., C. closterium, and Porphyridium purpureum (P. purpureum) increase the proportion of neutrophils. P. purpureum was found to initiate an increase in the proportion of eosinophils. Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis (A. platensis) and C. closterium produce a decrease in the proportion of monocytes. C. closterium and P. purpureum induce a reduction in the proportion of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of laboratory mice. All microalgae extracts had no effect on erythropoiesis and haemoglobin. In addition, all microalgae extracts were found to reduce splenocyte proliferation, while their effect on thymocyte proliferation depended on the microalgae type. In the mice serum, Coelastrella sp. microalgae extract increases IgG levels, while P. purpureum and C. vulgaris decrease IgM and IgA levels, respectively.
Gene expression profiling data contains more information than is routinely extracted with standard approaches. Here we present Fold-change-Specific Enrichment Analysis (FSEA), a new method for functional annotation of differentially expressed genes from transcriptome data with respect to their fold changes. FSEA identifies GO terms, which are shared by the group of genes with a similar magnitude of response, and assesses these changes. GO terms found by FSEA are fold-change-specifically (e.g. weakly, moderately or strongly) affected by a stimulus under investigation. We demonstrate that many responses to abiotic factors, mutations, treatments and diseases occur in a fold-change-specific manner. FSEA analyses suggest that there are two prevailing responses of functionally-related gene groups, either weak or strong. Notably, some of the fold-change-specific GO terms are invisible by classical algorithms for functional gene enrichment, SEA and GSEA. These are GO terms not enriched compared to the genome background but strictly regulated by a factor within specific fold-change intervals. FSEA analysis of a cancer-related transcriptome suggested that the gene groups with a tightly coordinated response can be the valuable source to search for possible regulators, markers and therapeutic targets in oncogenic processes. Availability and Implementation: FSEA is implemented as the FoldGO Bioconductor R package and a web-server https://webfsgor.sysbio.cytogen.ru/ .
It has been recently demonstrated that multimode solitons are unstable objects which evolve, in the range of hundreds of nonlinearity lengths, into stable single-mode solitons carried by the fundamental mode. We show experimentally and by numerical simulations that femtosecond multimode solitons composed by non-degenerate modes have unique properties: when propagating in graded-index fibers, their pulsewidth and energy do not depend on the input pulsewidth, but only on input coupling conditions and linear dispersive properties of the fiber, hence on their wavelength. Because of these properties, spatiotemporal solitons composed by non-degenerate modes with pulsewidths longer than a few hundreds of femtoseconds cannot be generated in graded-index fibers.
This article suggests ways to quickly assess the state of labor protection and ecology by calculating a number of indicators of industrial risk based on the information available in the modules for assessing labor protection by indicators of industrial risk. In addition, this paper compares the matrix methods of risk assessment in the coordinate system 'probability of an event or consequences of an event' of prevention and assessment of occupational risks for employees used in domestic and foreign practice in the occupational safety management system.

The efficiency of using the software proposed by the authors for the occupational health and safety management system based on a specific task from the modules 'Personnel', 'Events', 'Equipment' and 'Ecology', consisting of four main modules, is proved. Work on identifying harmful factors of accidents during the extraction, use and transportation of raw materials at industrial enterprises and assessing compliance with the requirements of the standards of the Republic of Kazakhstan should be carried out continuously.

The main goal of the labor protection service is to create safe working conditions for employees at industrial enterprises, as well as to prevent occupational diseases of employees. In this regard, a system of accounting, analysis and assessment of the state of labor protection, as well as labor safety management, should work.
To resolve a prevailing nomenclatorial confusion present in the genus Aciagrion, A. tillyardi Laidlaw, 1919 is placed in synonymy of A. approximans (Selys, 1876).The neotype of "Pseudagrion approximans", a male specimen from Khasi Hills preserved in Coll.Selys Longchamps at RBINS, is designated to replace the lost holotype, which was an incomplete specimen of unknown provenance.Secondary sources suggest that Selys Longchamps himself had compared the present neotype specimen with the holotype.
In this paper presents the elements of blocked media deforming theory. It means that these media have a specific surface and (related with it) average distance from one crack (pore) to another one.

This way requires the creation a new model of continuum, which is contains the integral geometry of pore space. The equations of motion and equilibrium are equations of the infinite order due to infinite numbers of freedom degrees.

Along the usual seismic waves, these equations describe very slow waves, not bounded below and, besides of it, they predict the instable solutions, due to parametric resonances in structures bodies. The number of instable solutions corresponds to seismological Gutenberg-Richter law. The dispersion of an average size of structure produces both the fast catastrophes (small dispersion) and slow catastrophes (high dispersion).
Objective: To establish associations of arterial hypertension (AH) prevalence and hostility (H) levels in open urban population in males aged 25–64 years. Design and method: A cross-sectional epidemiology study was conducted on representative sample, formed randomly from voting lists of males aged 25–64 years from one of Tyumen administrative districts in the amount of 1,000 people, including 250 individuals in each of four decades of life. The response was 85.0%. The study analysis included AH prevalence according to unified assessment criteria and the prevalence of low, medium and high levels of H according to the WHO MONICA-Psychosocial questionnaire. Statistical processing of study data was carried out using IBM SPSS Statistics 21.0. software applications for medical information. Pearson chi-square test was used in assessing statistical significance of differences between groups. Results: In open urban male population aged 25–64 years, age-standardized indicator of H level was 70.0%, with predominance of high H level (average H level - 23.7%, high H level - 46.6%). In younger age groups, statistically insignificant tendency to increase average and high levels of H regarding to general population indicators and indicators of elder age groups was revealed. AH prevalence was 48.7% in males aged 25–64. With the age increase, AH prevalence rose significantly escalating during transition from the third to the fourth and the fourth to the fifth decades of life (20.3–55.3%, p < 0.001; 55.3–68.8%, p < 0.01; respectively, in 25–34, 35–44 and 45–54 age groups). Statistically significant differences of AH prevalence with general population indicator were found in age groups of 25–34, 45–54 and 55–64 years. Statistically significant patterns regarding H levels and their associations with AH were established in open urban population. In groups with presence of AH, high level of H was significantly oftener, and its average level was significantly rarer. Conclusions: Thus, epidemiological criteria of psychosocial risk factors, including H, identified using standardized questionnaire methods, should be used during routine preventive examinations of male population and selection of workable people with cardiovascular diseases, who need in-depth and preventive medical examination.