Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
The crisis in a FC-72 liquid film moving under the action of a gas flow through a smooth heater was experimentally investigated. It is shown that with gas and liquid flow rates increases a critical heat flux is growth.
We report on the observation of magneto-oscillations of terahertz radiation induced photocurrent in HgTe/HgCdTe quantum wells of different widths, which are characterized by a Dirac-like, inverted, and normal parabolic band structure.

The photocurrent data are accompanied by measurements of photoresistance (photoconductivity), radiation transmission, as well as magnetotransport. We develop a microscopic model of a cyclotron-resonance assisted photogalvanic effect, which describes main experimental findings.

We demonstrate that the quantum oscillations of the photocurrent are caused by the crossing of Fermi level by Landau levels resulting in the oscillations of spin polarization and electron mobilities in spin subbands. Theory explains a photocurrent direction reversal with the variation of magnetic field observed in experiment. We describe the photoconductivity oscillations related with the thermal suppression of the Shubnikov--de Haas effect.
We present a study of the inclusive photon spectra from 5.9 million J/ψ decays collected with the KEDR detector at the VEPP-4M e+e− collider. We measure the branching fraction of radiative decay J/ψ → ηcγ, ηc width and mass. Our preliminary results are: M(ηc) = 2979.4±1.5±1.9 MeV/c2, Γ(ηc) = 27.8±5.1±3.3 MeV, Γ(J/ψ→ ηcγ) = (2.34±0.15±0.40)%.
During the detonation of charges of plastic explosives based on PETN and RDX, the spatial structure of the arising flow and the degree of compression of the matter behind the detonation front were obtained using the synchrotron radiation facilities. The experiments were carried out with charges of small diameters, which made it possible to control the symmetry of the undisturbed charge of the explosive and the flow behind the detonation front. In addition, the advanced detector was used to increase the frame rate by 4 times in comparison with the authors' earlier works.
A joint motion of thin liquid film and dry gas in a microchannel is investigated numerically at different values of initial concentration of the liquid vapor in the gas phase, taking into account the evaporation process. Major factors affecting the temperature distribution in the liquid and the gas phases are as follows: transfer of heat by liquid and gas flows, heat loses due to evaporation, diffusion heat exchange. Comparisons of the numerical results for the case of the dry gas and for the case of equilibrium concentration of vapor in the gas have been carried out. It is shown that use of dry gas enhances the heat dissipation from the heater. It is found out that not only intense evaporation occurs near the heating areas, but also in both cases vapor condensation takes place below the heater in streamwise direction.
Recent measurements of exclusive hadronic cross sections in $e^+e^-$ experiments

calculation of the leading-order hadronic contribution

to the muon anomalous magnetic moment are reviewed
There have been presented the results of a comparative estimation of recombinants developed on the basis of two commercial varieties (‘Sibirskaya 17’ and ‘Novosibirskaya 31’) hybridized with ‘Thatcher Lr19’ and ‘Thatcher Lr24’. Recombinants were evaluated in the field conditions in 2016, 2017 and 2020. The purpose of the current study was to identify the effect of translocations from Thinopyrum elongatum on the manifestation of productivity elements in recombinants of spring bread wheat developed on the basis of two commercial varieties. The analysis of the genetic composition of the Puccinia triticina populations in Western and Eastern Siberia did not identify genes which were virulent to resistance genes Lr19, Lr24, Lr28, Lr41, Lr47, Lr45 LrSp, Lr6Agi 1 and Lr6Agi 2. The recombinants developed on the basis of the variety ‘Sibirskaya 17’ (the variety productivity was 398.3 g/m 2 , grain weight per head was 1.35 g, 1000-grain weight was 37.8 g) were characterized by the severity of the main agronomically valuable traits at the level of the recipient variety, or significantly lower (productivity was 271.5–327.8 g/m 2 , grain weight per head was 1.03–1.16 g, 1000-grain weight was 32.5–36.4 g). The recombinants carrying translocations (the length of the period ‘sprouts-heading’ was 44.4 and 44.5 days, grain weight per head was 1.20 and 1.24 g) developed on the basis of the variety ‘Novosibirskaya 31’ (with 42.4 days, 1.02 g) have demonstrated a significant increase in the length of the period ‘sprouts-heading’ and grain weight per head in comparison with the recombinants without translocations (41.6 and 43.6 days, 0.99 and 1.10 g). On average over 3 years, 12 recombinants hybridized from the combination ‘Novosibirskaya 31 x Thatcher Lr19’ produced higher yields (355.6–427.5 g/m 2 ) than those of the recipient variety (301.5 g/m 2 ), both with (6 pcs.), and without (6 pcs.) a translocation.
To verify the type of diabetes mellitus (DM) remains an extremely important problem in endocrinology, as along with types 1 and 2 DM there are rarer hereditary types of DM, including maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY). The latter is a genetic type of DM, which is characterized by an autosomal dominant inheritance. Eleven types of MODY (MODY 1 to MODY13) are identified; each is associated with mutations in the certain gene: HNF4A, GCK, HNF1A, PDX1, HNF1B, NEUROD1, KLF11, CEL, PAX4, INS, BLK, KCNJ11 and ABCC8. A molecular genetic testing for suspected MODY is conducted to verify the diagnosis and to define a subtype of MODY, patient management tactics, to predict the outcome of the disease and its complications in relation to the found subtype of MODY. It is also important to seek mutation causing MODY in terms of the early detection of MODY in the first-degree relatives of a proband, appropriate therapy of the disease, and prevention of its complications.Верификация типа сахарного диабета (СД) остается крайне важным вопросом в эндокринологии, так как наряду с 1-м и 2-м типами СД существуют более редкие наследственные формы СД, в том числе MODY. MODY (maturity onset diabetes of the young) - генетически обусловленная форма СД, характеризующаяся аутосомно-доминантным типом наследования. Выявлено 11 подтипов MODY (MODY1-MODY13), каждый из которых ассоциирован с мутациями в определенном гене: HNF4A, GCK, HNF1A, PDX1, HNF1B, NEUROD1, KLF11, CEL, PAX4, INS, BLK, KCNJ11 и ABCC8. Молекулярно-генетическое исследование при подозрении на MODY проводится с целью верификации диагноза и определения подтипа MODY, а также для определения врачебной тактики ведения пациента, прогнозирования исхода заболевания и его осложнений в зависимости от выявленного подтипа MODY. Поиск мутации, вызвавшей развитие MODY, также важен с точки зрения раннего выявления MODY у ближайших родственников пробанда и проведения соответствующей терапии заболевания и профилактики его осложнений.
Three-dimensional metric models of real physical objects are actively used when solving various tasks in the process of a person's professional activity. In the construction industry, 3D modeling helps to capture all life cycles of buildings from engineering surveys to design, operation and demolition work. Three-dimensional models allow quickly performing all the necessary measurements in a computer environment, provide the ability to build two-dimensional drawings and make changes to design documentation. Among all types of three-dimensional models, there are separately those that allow storing various attributive information about an object in addition to geometric information, significantly automate the process of many engineering calculations using a three-dimensional model and provide the ability to automatically create various types of documentation. These types of three-dimensional models are called building information models (BIM). The most appropriate method is laser scanning as a data source for creating BIM. The technique of three-dimensional modeling based on laser scanning data is discussed. The advantages of BIM over simple three-dimensional models created in specialized software for processing laser scanning data and computer-aided design systems are analyzed.
Hydrogen bonds between ions are identified by the first deuteron quadrupole coupling constants (DQCCs) for protic ionic liquids (PILs), measured by solid-state NMR spectroscopy. In their Communication on page 14310 ff. D. I. Kolokolov, R. Ludwig, et al. show that this NMR parameter is a sensitive probe of the doubly ionic hydrogen bonds present in PILs. The picture shows the NMR spectra as bridges symbolizing the doubly ionic hydrogen bonds between oppositely charged ions in PILs and mimicking the rocky mountains in the background.
An adult male house musk shrew with an XXY sex chromosome constitution was found in a laboratory-bred colony.

Maternal origin of the additional X chromosome was demonstrated.

The external appearance of the animal was normal, but the testes were small and displayed a high density of interstitial cells. The seminiferous tubules were narrow and contained only Sertoli cells.
The reactions of cis-1,2-bis(hydroxylamino)cyclohexane and 2,3-bis(hydroxylamino)-2,3dimethylbutane with polyelectrophilic carbonyl compounds in ethanol were studied.

It has been shown that such reactions result in the formation of predominantly five-membered heterocyclic rings with one or two nitrogen atoms. A nitronylnitroxide radical of 2-imidazoline type bearing a 1,3-dicarbonyl function was synthesized.
In this paper discusses the current situation in Russia and the world in the field of development of sign languages translation system. The main problems are formulated, and ways to solve them are given. One of the most important unresolved tasks is the task of recognizing the gestures of the deaf. To effectively solve it, an approach based on the development of bio-inspired neural networks is proposed. The architecture of a bio-inspired neural network, including four types of neurons, is described. New simpler MT neuron model proposed.
The effect of mechanical processing of copper foil on the single-layer graphene growth is studied.

The deformation of the foil in the annealed and unannealed state is carried out by rolling between rollers with varying degrees of roughness.

It is shown that the formed single-layer graphene coating on the foil deformed in the unannealed state has a larger number of defects, which is associated with the heterogeneity of the copper texture formed upon annealing. In the case of rolling the copper foil after the annealing stage, the quality of graphene coatings only slightly deteriorates in the deformed areas of foil.
An analysis is reported of singlet-triplet conversion in molecular hydrogen dissolved in solution together with organometallic complexes used in experiments with parahydrogen (the H2 molecule in its nuclear singlet spin state). We demonstrate that this conversion, which gives rise to formation of orthohydrogen (the H2 molecule in its nuclear triplet spin state), is a remarkably efficient process that strongly reduces the resulting NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) signal enhancement, here of 15N nuclei polarized at high fields using suitable NMR pulse sequences. We make use of a simple improvement of traditional pulse sequences, utilizing a single pulse on the proton channel that gives rise to an additional strong increase of the signal. Furthermore, analysis of the enhancement as a function of the pulse length allows one to estimate the actual population of the spin states of H2. We are also able to demonstrate that the spin conversion process in H2 is strongly affected by the concentration of 15N nuclei. This observation allows us to explain the dependence of the 15N signal enhancement on the abundance of 15N isotopes.
The point spread function (PSF) plays an important role in methods such as single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). This function is most often approximated using the Gaussian distribution, as a convenient to use function. In this work a geometric model was developed that allows to estimate the intensity distribution of the gamma quantum flux from a point source after passing through the collimator. When developing this model, it was noticed that the approximation of the PSF by the Gaussian function is not always qualitative. So, for example, at distances of 200-300 mm to the source, the approximation by the Gaussian function can be called accurate, in contrast to other cases. Also, a software package based on the Monte Carlo method was developed, which makes it possible to obtain images of a spot from a point source by SPECT. Only a small discrepancy was found between the Monte Carlo spot size and the geometric model data. These discrepancies are related taking into account the distance between the collimator and the detector.
In this work, we have created a new experimental setup for studying heat transfer from a local heat source.

The boiling heat transfer on the local heaters with a diameter of 5 and 1 mm has been investigated.

It is shown that on the finned surfaces the overheating relative to the saturation temperature in comparison with a smooth surface decreases up to three times for the heater with a diameter of 5 mm. There is up to two times increase in heat transfer coefficient on finned surfaces as compared to the smooth ones. For finned surfaces on the heater with a diameter of 1 mm the surface overheating relative to the saturation temperature decreases in four times. More than three times increase is observed for the heat transfer coefficient on finned surfaces as compared to the smooth ones.
Light scattering is one of the most important elementary processes in near-field optics. We build up the Born series for scattering by dielectric bodies with sharp boundaries. The Green's function for a two-dimensional homogeneous dielectric cylinder is obtained. As an example, the formulas are derived for a scattered field of two parallel cylinders. The polar diagram is shown to agree with the numerical calculation by the known methods of discrete dipoles and boundary elements.
In the article we give an appreciation of Edward Nelson's multifaceted contribution to mathematics, and particularly to foundational theories of infinitesimals.
The Cover Feature illustrates heterogeneous hydrogenation of cyclopropane with parahydrogen over Rh/TiO2 catalyst.

Several spin states of propane with high level of proton nuclear spin polarization (i.e. hyperpolarized) are produced, and these hyperpolarized spin states can be used for MRI applications.

The NMR-invisible spin states (symbolized as the black hole) may potentially retain a hyperpolarized state for a very long time.
Karyotypes of less than 10% of bird species are known.

Using immunolocalization of the synaptonemal complex, the core structure of meiotic chromosomes at the pachytene stage, and centromere proteins we described male pachytene karyotypes of seventeen species of birds. This method enables higher resolution than the conventional analyses of metaphase chromosomes.

All passerine species examined have highly conservative karyotypes, 2n=80-82 with seven pairs of macrochromosomes and 33-34 pairs of microchromosomes. In all of them but not in the Common cuckoo we revealed single copies of the germline restricted chromosomes varying in size and morphology even between closely related species. This indicates a fast evolution of this additional chromosome. The interspecies differences concern the sizes of the macrochromosomes, morphology of the microchromosomes and sizes of the centromeres. The pachytene cells of the Gouldian finch, Brambling and Common linnet contained heteromorphic synaptonemal complexes indicating heterozygosity for inversions or centromere shifts. The European pied flycatcher, Gouldian finch and Domestic canary have extended centromeres in several macro- and microchromosomes.
In conditions of monochromatic excitation (λexc=337.1), the spectral dependence of the efficiency of fluorescence quenching αλ of humic acids samples by Cd2+ and Cu2+ ions was studied.

The difference of αλ dependencies for these ions was established. In the spectral range 350 - 650 nm, changes of the αλ for Cd2+ ion are markedly different from the magnitude for changes αλ, which occur for ion Cu2+. The interpretation of mismatch dependences obtained αλ ions Cd2+ and Cu2+ is carried out within the concept of the availability of different sites, due to the difference in ionic radii (0.108 nm and 0.08 nm for Cd2+ and Cu2+, respectively).
Self-organization of a cloud of liquid micro-droplets into an ordered two-dimensional array, levitating over a heated layer of liquid due to upward vapor flow, has been observed in several recent experimental works. In the present paper, the levitating micro-droplet array is studied under the condition when the liquid layer ruptures and a dry spot form on the heater. It has been found, that when the levitating micro-droplets are moving from wetted heater area to dry heater area and passing over the contact line, the micro-droplets levitation height is drastically increased, which is indicative of the intensive evaporation occurring in the region of the contact line.
The reproducibility of results obtained with rodent models depends on the genetic purity of the strain and the stability of the environment. However, another potential factor is changes in the gut microbiota due to the transmission of mother's bacteria during embryo transfer.

In this study, we demonstrate the transmission of the microbiota and immune cell blood phenotype to the offspring of 2 strains, C57BL/6JNskrc and BALB/cJNskrc, from surrogate dams of different genotypes. Interstrain embryo transfer resulted in a change in the number of
In this article we print out preliminary results of an amplitude analysis of the $e^+e^-\to 4\pi$ process. The amplitude analysis is performed using experimental data from the CMD-3 detector at the VEPP-2000 collider in the energy range 0.9--2.007 GeV. In the study the dominance of the $e^+e^- \to \omega \pi^0 \to 4 \pi$ and $e^+e^- \to a_1(1260) \pi \to 4\pi$ amplitudes is proved, as well as sizable contributions of the $\rho^+\rho^-, \rho f_0(980), \rho \sigma$ and etc. states are observed. The obtained amplitude is used for the test of the isospin relations and hypothesis of conserved vector current (CVC).
Dimuonium (the bound system of two muons, the ${\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$-atom system) has not been observed yet.

In this paper we discuss the electromagnetic production of dimuonium at RHIC and LHC in relativistic heavy ion collisions. The production of parastates is analyzed in the equivalent photon approximation. For the treatment of orthostates, we develop a three-photon formalism.

We determine the production rates at RHIC and LHC with an accuracy of a few percent and discuss problems related to the observation of dimuonium.
This paper analyzes the problems of designing enterprise systems for solving problems with several sections and types of accounting. The particular problem of the interaction of the operational and accounting circuits is solved by the example of work with tolling raw materials.

The necessity of creating a model for the interaction of different subsystems that ensure the correctness of work with transactions at the level of business logic is indicated.

An appropriate model is proposed that allows design integration solutions based on several subsystems with a description of the exchange of transactional data.
Structured arrays of liquid microdroplets levitating over the surface of hot liquid have been observed in several recent experimental works, however the nature of this phenomenon is still not completely understood. In the present paper, we study the peculiarities of formation and evolution of a structured monolayer consisting of several thousands of microdroplets levitating over the water film heated from below. It was found that with the increase of the substrate temperature, the number of droplets in the monolayer increases to a certain value, after which the number practically does not change. The size of the monolayer increases linearly with temperature from approximately 1 mm to 3 mm. The average distance between the microdroplets increases with the substrate temperature, with the droplet size, and also with the distance from the center of the monolayer.
Plastids and mitochondria have their own small genomes which do not undergo meiotic recombination and may have evolutionary fate different from each other and nuclear genome, thus highlighting interesting phenomena in plant evolution. We for the first time sequenced mitochondrial genomes of pea ( Pisum L.), in 38 accessions mostly representing diverse wild germplasm from all over pea geographical range. Six structural types of pea mitochondrial genome were revealed. From the same accessions, plastid genomes were sequenced. Bayesian phylogenetic trees based on the plastid and mitochondrial genomes were compared. The topologies of these trees were highly discordant implying not less than six events of hybridisation of diverged wild peas in the past, with plastids and mitochondria differently inherited by the descendants. Such discordant inheritance of organelles is supposed to have been driven by plastid-nuclear incompatibility, known to be widespread in pea wide crosses and apparently shaping the organellar phylogenies. The topology of a phylogenetic tree based on the nucleotide sequence of a nuclear gene His5 coding for a histone H1 subtype corresponds to the current taxonomy and resembles that based on the plastid genome. Wild peas ( Pisum sativum subsp. elatius s.l.) inhabiting Southern Europe were shown to be of hybrid origin resulting from crosses of peas similar to those presently inhabiting south-east and north-east Mediterranean in broad sense.
The article deals with the issues of integrated development of subsoil resources taking into account the actual problems facing the Russian oil and gas complex. The key factors determining the need for integrated development of subsoil resources have been systematized and investigated. These factors are the change of the hydrocarbon resource base quality, the improvement of the depletion degree of basic (unique and major) oil fields, the increase in the number of small and smallest oil fields discovered and introduced into development, the increased capital intensity and the riskiness of geological exploration, and the territorial location of new subsoil use facilities.