Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
We connect topological changes that can occur in $3$-space via surgery, with black hole formation, the formation of wormholes and new generalizations of these phenomena, including relationships between quantum entanglement and wormhole formation.

By considering the initial manifold as the $3$-dimensional spatial section of spacetime, we describe the changes of topology occurring in these processes by determining the resulting $3$-manifold and its fundamental group. As these global changes are induced by local processes, we use the local form of Morse functions to provide an algebraic formulation of their temporal evolution and propose a potential energy function which, in some cases, could give rise to the local forces related to surgery.

We further show how this topological perspective gives new insight for natural phenomena exhibiting surgery, in all dimensions, while emphasizing the $3$-dimensional case, which describes cosmic phenomena. This work makes new bridges between topology and natural sciences and creates a platform for exploring geometrical physics.
The goal of this paper is to evaluate some general trends of species range shifts in the steppe areas of the south-eastern West Siberian Plain. Two sets of distribution data of grasshoppers are compared: (1) for the first half of 20 th century and (2) for 1972 – 2019. A series of digital maps was generated by Map Info. Shifts of species distribution patterns are discussed. All grasshopper species may be split into three groups: (1) acridids without evident changes in their distribution; (2) species with local range boundaries shifted northwards and northeastwards; new colonies of such forms are usually found in the northern steppe and even in the forest-steppe and/or on the right side of the Ob River; (3) grasshoppers which became rare. Among them is the Siberian grasshopper, the very common pest in the first half of the 20 th century. Some changes into grasshopper distribution may be associated with global warming, but others can be explained by regional and local variations in human activities. Extension, intensification, and changes of human activities may result in continuous elimination of some local populations. This means that the general strategy of management of acridid assemblages and populations should incorporate both data and technologies concerning rare species populations and new approaches to pest control and monitoring.
We develop a concept of atomic clocks where the blackbody radiation shift and its fluctuations can be suppressed by 1--3 orders of magnitude independent of the environmental temperature. The suppression is based on the fact that in a system with two accessible clock transitions (with frequencies ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{1}$ and ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{2}$) which are exposed to the same thermal environment, there exists a ``synthetic'' frequency ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\mathrm{syn}}$ $\ensuremath{\propto}$ (${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{1}\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{12}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{2}$) largely immune to the blackbody radiation shift. For example, in the case of $^{171}\mathrm{Yb}^{+}$ it is possible to create a synthetic-frequency-based clock in which the fractional blackbody radiation shift can be suppressed to the level of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}18}$ in a broad interval near room temperature ($300\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}15\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{K}$). We also propose a realization of our method with the use of an optical frequency comb generator stabilized to both frequencies ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{1}$ and ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{2}$, where the frequency ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\mathrm{syn}}$ is generated as one of the components of the comb spectrum.
Q-band electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) data conclusively demonstrate that the iron and cobalt centers in the solid solution [Fe(bpp)2]0.97[Co(terpy)2]0.03[BF4]2 (bpp = 2,6-dipyrazol-1-ylpyridine) undergo allosteric spin-state switching during light-induced excited-spin-state trapping (LIESST) at 20 K and thermal relaxation around 80 K. EPR of [Cu(terpy)2]2+ and [Cu(bpp)2]2+, doped into the same host lattice, also indicates expansion of the copper coordination sphere during LIESST excitation.
Heterologous primers designed for cat gene mapping were used in this study.

Fifty-three genes were mapped in the American mink genome using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based analysis of a Chinese hamster–American mink somatic cell hybrid panel. PCR products amplified with primers corresponding to these four markers were partly sequenced and verified using BLAST.

Forty-nine of these loci were localized into expected chromosome regions according to Zoo-FISH data, whereas four loci—ALPL, CDC20, ERF-2, and Fc(Mv)23617—were mapped out of expected conserved regions. The results showed the homology to be more than 90% between mink and human or cat counterparts. At present, the gene map of American mink has expanded to 127 loci.
Duration from sowing to flowering is of critical importance for crop adaptation. Breeding for the optimal flowering time is one of the major factors, which confer maximal yields in a given environment. The timing of flowering is modulated primarily by responsiveness to photoperiod and temperature, and there are large differences in sensitivity among genotypes. In most spring wheat cultivars the duration of the vegetative period is strongly influenced by genes controlling photoperiod response. In this paper we report the photoperiod responses of a set of 'Chinese Spring' substitution and partial deletion lines of homoeologous group 2 chromosomes studied under natural short days. We confirmed the presence of dominant genes Ppd1 and Ppd2 on chromosomes 2D and 2B, respectively, and compared the effects of Ppd1 and Ppd2 for daylength response. The photoperiodic responses of partial chromosome deletion lines of 'Chinese Spring' allowed us to map Ppd2 physically between breakpoints 0.27 and 0.53 of the short arm of chromosome 2B. This result is consistent with the finding of a possible location of Ppd2 based on molecular marker studies. A dosage effect of the dominant gene Ppd2 was shown.
It is impossible to dispute the fact that China has had an enormous influence on the culture of the entire Korean Peninsula. The writing system, the thoughts of Chinese philosophers, paper, the xylography method and the idea of a movable type – all this came to the peninsula long before the founding of the Joseon State. China was not only the overlord of Joseon, but also a kind of cultural donor. Of course, under such conditions, the Joseon authorities considered contacts with this region as the most important area of foreign policy and trade. In addition, a significant part of various kinds of literature — from Confucian writings to treatises on medicine was acquired in China for further circulation in Joseon. Due to the constant need for official and commercial communication between states, it was impossible to go without knowledge of a spoken language. For this purpose, the textbook titled “Nogeoldae” (lit. “Elder brother from China”) was created. Using the Goryeo merchant’s trip to China (in later editions this became the Joseon merchant) as the key example, the main situations accompanying such trips were examined in the form of dialogues. With the help of this manual it was possible to learn the phrases necessary for communication in the courtyard, conducting trade negotiations, participating in banquets, communicating with a doctor, and so on. The exceptional practical benefit ensured that this manual underwent several systematic reprints, as well as translation into Manchurian, Mongolian and Japanese languages. “Nogeoldae” is a unique written source on the history of the development of both the northern dialect of the Chinese language and Korean in the late Middle Ages and Early Modern times.
Based on previous LHCb results of the fragmentation fraction ratio

The product of the differential production cross-section and the branching fraction of the decay is measured as a function of the beauty hadron transverse momentum, pT, and rapidity, y. The kinematic region of the measurements is pT < 20 GeV/c and 2.0 < y < 4.5. The measurements use a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3fb−1 collected by the LHCb detector in pp collisions at centre-of-mass energies in 2011 and in 2012.

the branching fraction of the decay is measured to be
Recent climatic disasters (dzudzs) and uncontrolled massive breeding endangered valuable genetic resources of Mongolian goats labored by five thousand years of evolution in extremes of Altai mountains and Gobi deserts. Meanwhile, Mongolian goats has never been characterized by genomic data.

We used Illumina Goat SNP50 to investigate phylogenic relationships and genetic risks in 5 local Mongolian populations: Erchim (N=37) from geographically remote Darkhat Valley in the northern mountains, Ulgii Red (N=35) and Dorgon (N=28) from the western mountain region, Buural (N=34) from the western steppe and mountain areas and Gobi Gurvan Saikhan (N=33) from semi-arid steppe area in the South Gobi region.

ROH analyses, estimated populations sizes and Fst values showed South Gobi and Darkhat Valley goats to be of a high risk of inbreeding that however appear to be of distinct origin (artificial selection vs geographical isolation). Indices of genetic differentiations between Mongolian goats were relatively low compared to European breeds. Meanwhile, we suggest direct comparison is not fully appropriate given that Mongolian breeds were not subjected to intense selection. Darkhat Valley goats were clearly differentiated from other Mongolian breeds according to various types of analyses. Phylogenetic relationships within XXX breeds of the rest of the world plotted Mongolian goats between some Russian (Altai, Orenburg) and Chinese populations (Nanjiang and Qinggeli). Thus, present study (i) highlights demographic history Mongolian goats and (ii)provides unified SNP-data called for support decisions in conservational genetics. Finally, our work (iii) raises a question of how exactly these data should be compared to make objective choices.
Chromodomain-containing Gypsy LTR retrotransposons or chromoviruses are widely distributed among eukaryotes and have been found in plants, fungi and vertebrates. The previous comprehensive survey of chromoviruses from mosses (Bryophyta) suggested that genomes of non-seed plants contain the clade which is closely related to the retrotransposons from fungi. The origin, distribution and evolutionary history of this clade remained unclear mainly due to the absence of information concerning the diversity and distribution of LTR retrotransposons in other groups of non-seed plants as well as in fungal genomes.

In present study we preformed in silico analysis of chromodomain-containing LTR retrotransposons in 25 diverse fungi and a number of plant species including spikemoss Selaginella moellendorffii (Lycopodiophyta) coupled with an experimental survey of chromodomain-containing Gypsy LTR retrotransposons from diverse non-seed vascular plants (lycophytes, ferns, and horsetails). Our mining of Gypsy LTR retrotransposons in genomic sequences allowed identification of numerous families which have not been described previously in fungi.

Two new well-supported clades, Galahad and Mordred, as well as several other previously unknown lineages of chromodomain-containing Gypsy LTR retrotransposons were described based on the results of PCR-mediated survey of LTR retrotransposon fragments from ferns, horsetails and lycophytes. It appeared that one of the clades, namely Tcn1 clade, was present in basidiomycetes and non-seed plants including mosses (Bryophyta) and lycophytes (genus Selaginella). The interkingdom distribution is not typical for chromodomain-containing LTR retrotransposons clades which are usually very specific for a particular taxonomic group. Tcn1-like LTR retrotransposons from fungi and non-seed plants demonstrated high similarity to each other which can be explained by strong selective constraints and the 'retained' genes theory or by horizontal transmission.
The development of special autoclaves with automatic temperature control (Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry) had enabled reproduction of Lake Baikal tectonically active zone typical conditions (80°C, 5 MPa).

This article describes in details the equipment developed and demonstrates some results obtained using the equipment. In series of thermobaric experiments on the cultivation of bottom sediment microbial communities, we have determined the microbial community potential to transform organic matter via the formation of dibenzothiophenes, tri- and monoaromatic steroids as well as petroleum biomarkers (retene and gammacerene).

The particular bottom sediment geochemical environment associated with hydrocarbon discharge imply the composition of microbial communities and, hence, the organic matter transformation degree as well as a compound spectrum resulting from the destruction of organic matter under thermobaric conditions. The presence of microorganisms with an unusual metabolism suggests the promising potential for such studies both in application to Lake Baikal and worldwide.
We present a measurement of multiple Coulomb scattering of 1 to 6 GeV/c electrons in thin (50–140 μm) silicon targets. The data were obtained with the EUDET telescope Aconite at DESY and are compared to parametrisations as used in the Geant4 software package. We find good agreement between data and simulation in the scattering distribution width but large deviations in the shape of the distribution. In order to achieve a better description of the shape, a new scattering model based on a Student's t distribution is developed and compared to the data.
интерполяции классическими параболическими сплайнами (схема Субботина) с периодическими краевыми условиями

рассматривается пример последовательности геометрических сеток данных

константа Лебега интерполяции классическими параболическими сплайнами не является ограниченной, т. е. интерполяционный процесс может расходиться
We propose pulse sequences for Reaction Yield Detected Magnetic Resonance (RYDMR), which are based on refocusing the zero-quantum coherences in radical pairs by non-selective microwave pulses and using the population of a radical pair singlet spin state as an observable. The new experiments are analogues of existing EPR experiments such as the primary echo, Carr-Purcell, ESEEM, stimulated echo and Mims ENDOR. All pulse sequences are supported by analytical results and numerical calculations. The pulse sequences can be used for more efficient and highly detailed characterization of intermediates of chemical reactions and charge carriers in organic semiconductors.
In this study, molecular dynamic simulations of high-velocity impact of a spherical 3C-SiC cluster, with a wide range of velocities (from 100 to 2600 m/s) and with a rigid wall, were performed.

The analysis of the final structure shows that no structural phase transformation occurred in the material, despite the high pressure during the collision process.
Эволюция курильниц в контексте развития ароматической культуры в Китае Е
E-mail: purtov@kinetics.nsc.ruReceived November 30, 2011, Accepted February 4, 2012The influence of magnetic fields on chemical processes has long been the subject of interest to researchers. Forthis time numerous investigations show that commonly the effect of a magnetic field on chemical reactions isinsignificant with impact less than 10 percent. However, there are some papers that point to the observation ofexternal magnetic field effect on chemical and biochemical systems actually having a significant impact on thereactions. Thus, of great interest is an active search for rather simple but realistic models, that are based onphysically explicit assumptions and able to account for a strong effect of low magnetic fields. The present worktheoretically deals with two models explaining how an applied weak magnetic field might influence the steadystate of a non-equilibrium chemical system. It is assumed that external magnetic field can have effect on therates of radical reactions occurring in a system. This, in turn, leads to bifurcation of the nonequilibriumstationary state and, thus, to a drastic change in the properties of chemical systems (temperature and reagentconcentration).Key Words : Radicals, Magnetic effects, Nonlinear phenomenaIntroductionThe influence of magnetic fields on chemical processeshas long been the subject of interest to researchers. For thistime physically clear notions have been formed of the factthat though the energy of magnetic interactions is small,under certain conditions relatively weak magnetic fields cannoticeably affect the rates of chemical reactions with theparticipation of paramagnetic particles.
The expression level of each gene is controlled by its regulatory regions, which determine the precise regulation in a tissue-specific manner, according to the developmental stage of the body and the necessity of a response to external stimuli. Nucleotide substitutions in regulatory gene regions may modify the affinity of transcription factors to their specific DNA binding sites, affecting the transcription rates of genes. In our previous research, we found that genes controlling the sensory perception of smell and genes involved in antigen processing and presentation were overrepresented significantly among genes with high SNP contents in their promoter regions. The goal of our study was to reveal functional features of human genes containing extremely small numbers of SNPs in promoter regions. Two functional groups were found to be overrepresented among genes whose promoters did not contain SNPs: (1) genes involved in gene-specific transcription and (2) genes controlling chromatin organization. We revealed that the 5'-regulatory regions of genes encoding transcription factors and chromatin-modifying proteins were characterized by reduced genetic variability. One important exception from this rule refers to genes encoding transcription factors with zinc-coordinating DNA-binding domains (DBDs), which underwent extensive expansion in vertebrates, particularly, in primate evolution. Hence, we obtained new evidence for evolutionary forces shaping variability in 5'-regulatory regions of genes.
The majority of physical education in the system of technical education and the systemic role of the physics course in the structure of technical training are noted. A number of problems and vulnerabilities in the practice of teaching physics were analyzed.

The article substantiates the inclusion of a complex of methodological knowledge in the traditional work program in physics. The structure of this complex is proposed. A comparative analysis of the proposed approach to the formation of the course content is carried out.

It is shown that the structure of the physical picture of the world can be represented in the form of two interrelated blocks: the scientific paradigm and scientific knowledge. The multi-level content of each block is revealed. The article develops the structure and defines the content of the methodological educational complex of physical science, proposed for inclusion in the content of the physics course for the specialties of the technical bachelor's degree.
In this paper, we discuss a chemically inert elastically deformable rock with allowance for only changes in the stress and the pore pressure: the chemistry of a porous fluid does not directly affect deformation [1].

In such a situation, chemical effects affect a change in the pore pressure and in the rock deformation.

This theory has been applied for mathematical modeling of the solvent and solute transport through a semi-permeable shale.
These observations agreed well with the previous studies of quantum Hall states on GaAs QWs and graphene.

We investigated quantum Hall states in an inverted HgTe quantum well (QW) close to the critical thickness using transconductance fluctuation (TF) measurements.

We attribute the emergence of those TFs to the localization and charging of the heavy holes located in the side maxima of the valence band.
In contrast to most similar studies, the impacting droplets were entrained from film surface by the gas stream.

The measurements provide film thickness data, resolved in both longitudinal and transverse coordinates and in time together with the images of droplets above the interface and images of gas bubbles entrapped by liquid film. The parameters of impacting droplets were measured together with the local liquid film thickness.

Two main scenarios of droplet-film interaction, based on type of film perturbation, are identified; the parameter identifying which scenario occurs is identified as the angle of impingement. At large angles an asymmetric crater appears on film surface; at shallow angles a long, narrow furrow appears. The most significant difference between the two scenarios is related to possible impact outcome: craters may lead to creation secondary droplets, whereas furrows are accompanied by entrapment of gas bubbles into the liquid film. In addition, occurrence of partial survival of impacting droplet is reported.
We experimentally demonstrate that spatial beam self-cleaning can be highly efficient when obtained with a few-mode excitation in graded-index multimode optical fibers. By using 160 ps long, highly chirped (6 nm bandwidth at -3dB) optical pulses at 1562 nm, we demonstrate a one-decade reduction of the power threshold for spatial beam self-cleaning, with respect to previous experiments using pulses with laser wavelengths at 1030-1064 nm. Self-cleaned beams remain spatio-temporally stable for more than a decade of their peak power variation. The impact of input pulse temporal duration is also studied.