Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
A method for automation of imago quantifying and fecundity assessment in Drosophila with the use of mobile devices running Android operating system is proposed. The traditional manual method of counting the progeny takes a long time and limits the opportunity of making large-scale experiments. Thus, the development of computerized methods that would allow us to automatically make a quantitative estimate of Drosophilamelanogaster fecundity is an urgent requirement. We offer a modification of the mobile application SeedCounter that analyzes images of objects placed on a standard sheet of paper for an automatic calculation of D. melanogaster offspring or quantification of adult flies in any other kind of experiment. The relative average error in estimates of the number of flies by mobile app is about 2% in comparison with the manual counting and the processing time is six times shorter. Study of the effects of imaging conditions on accuracy of flies counting showed that lighting conditions do not significantly affect this parameter, and higher accuracy can be achieved using high-resolution smartphone cameras (8 Mpx and more). These results indicate the high accuracy and efficiency of the method suggested.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
This paper compares the market equilibria in a differentiated industry under Cournot, Bertrand, and monopolistic competition.

This is accomplished in a one‐sector economy where consumers are endowed with separable preferences.

When firms are free to enter the market, monopolistically competitive firms charge lower prices than oligopolistic firms, while the mass of varieties provided by the market is smaller under the former than the latter. If the economy is sufficiently large, Cournot, Bertrand and Chamberlin solutions converge toward the same market outcome, which may be a competitive or a monopolistically competitive equilibrium, depending on the nature of preferences.
A search for physics beyond the standard model in the final state with two same-flavour leptons (electrons or muons) and two quarks produced in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV is presented. The data were recorded by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 2.3 inverse femtobarns.

The observed data are in good agreement with the standard model background prediction. The results of the measurement are interpreted in the framework of a recently proposed model in which a heavy Majorana neutrino, N(l), stems from a composite-fermion scenario.

Exclusion limits are set for the first time on the mass of the heavy composite Majorana neutrino, m[N(l)], and the compositeness scale Lambda. For the case m[N(l)] = Lambda, the existence of N(e) (N(mu)) is excluded for masses up to 4.60 (4.70) TeV at 95% confidence level.
To study the possibility of conducting an educational program "Primary and Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD)", aimed at increasing health literacy among followers of cardiology blogs on Instagram.

The methodology for conducting an educational program on Instagram included following items: the choice of agents of influence and the forms of engagement with audience; development of evaluation metric; carrying out the program; evaluation of the results obtained; defining a scaling strategy. The educational program was conducted daily from March 19 to March 30, 2020 on Instagram in following medical accounts. The format is publications of up to 4 thousand characters dedicated to informing people about primary and secondary prevention of CVD. The assessment of the results was carried out using descriptive statistics.

The social networking service Instagram can be used to conduct educational programs aimed at improving the health literacy of Russian people. It is necessary to further improve the methodology for conducting research in social networks, in order to select the most effective technologies in this topic.
The new manufacturing method for fabrication of Surface Nanoscale Axial Photonics (SNAP) structures has been developed. We showed experimentally that the bent fiber can achieve the nanometer-scale variation in the effective fiber radius sufficient for fabrication of SNAP microresonators. The advantage of the demonstrated method is in its simplicity, robustness, and mechanical tunability of the fabricated devices.
Cerebral organoids are three-dimensional cell-culture systems that represent a unique experimental model reconstructing early events of human neurogenesis in vitro in health and various pathologies. The most commonly used approach to studying the morphological parameters of organoids is immunohistochemical analysis; therefore, the three-dimensional cytoarchitecture of organoids, such as neural networks or asymmetric internal organization, is difficult to reconstruct using routine approaches. Immunohistochemical analysis of biological objects is a universal method in biological research. One of the key stages of this method is the production of cryo- or paraffin serial sections of samples, which is a very laborious and time-consuming process. In addition, slices represent only a tiny part of the object under study; three-dimensional reconstruction from the obtained serial images is an extremely complex process and often requires expensive special programs for image processing. Unfortunately, staining and microscopic examination of samples are difficult due to their low permeability and a high level of autofluorescence.

Tissue cleaning technologies combined with Light-Sheet microscopy allows these challenges to be overcome. CLARITY is one of the tissue preparation techniques that makes it possible to obtain opaque biological objects transparent while maintaining the integrity of their internal structures. This method is based on a special sample preparation, during which lipids are removed from cells and replaced with hydrogel compounds such as acrylamide, while proteins and nucleic acids remain intact.

CLARITY provides researchers with a unique opportunity to study three-dimensional biological structures while preserving their internal organization, including whole animals or embryos, individual organs and artificially grown organoids, in particular cerebral organoids. This protocol summarizes an optimization of CLARITY conditions for human brain organoids and the preparation of Light-Sheet microscopy samples.
In this work, we propose a concept of a coupled fiber laser exhibiting PT-symmetry properties.

We consider a system operated via Raman gain. The scheme comprises two identical fiber loops (ring cavities) connected by means of two fiber couplers with variable phase shift between them.

We show that by changing the phase shift one can switch between generation regimes, realizing either PT-symmetric or PT-broken solution. Furthermore, the paper investigates some peculiarities of the system such as power oscillations and the role of nonlinear phase shift in fiber rings.
Theory predicts that the multiple-mirror magnetic field should not significantly decelerate and weaken the collisional low-temperature arc plasma.

New experimental results on magnetic compression and transport of low-temperature arc plasma at ∼3 m distance are presented. The magnetic compression ratio of the plasma stream varied from 5 to 60 at the initial plasma diameter about 5 cm. In the experiments, the transport efficiency of the plasma stream in the multiple-mirror configuration of the solenoid was compared with the same in a uniform solenoidal field.

As the result, the plasma with (1–4)×1020 m−3 density at the axis was obtained at ∼3 m distance from the arc plasma source. The experiments simulated the baseline scenario of GOL-NB filling by the start plasma. Finally, the experiments described in the paper validated the decisions made for the GOL-NB start plasma source.
We consider the coefficient inverse problem for the first-order hyperbolic system, which describes the propagation of the 2D acoustic waves in a heterogeneous medium. We recover both the denstity of the medium and the speed of sound by using a finite number of data measurements. We use the second-order MUSCL-Hancock scheme to solve the direct and adjoint problems, and apply optimization scheme to the coefficient inverse problem. The obtained functional is minimized by using the gradient-based approach. We consider different variations of the method in order to obtain the better accuracy and stability of the appoach and present the results of numerical experiments.
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a complex multifactorial neurodegenerative disease that constitutes the most common cause of irreversible blindness in the elderly in the developed countries. Incomplete knowledge about its pathogenesis prevents the search for effective methods of prevention and treatment of AMD, primarily of its "dry" type which is by far the most common (90% of all AMD cases). In the recent years, AMD has become "younger": late stages of the disease are now detected in relatively young people. It is known that AMD pathogenesis-according to the age-related structural and functional changes in the retina-is linked with inflammation, hypoxia, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and an impairment of neurotrophic support, but the mechanisms that trigger the conversion of normal age-related changes to the pathological process as well as the reason for early AMD development remain unclear. In the adult mammalian retina, de novo neurogenesis is very limited. Therefore, the structural and functional features that arise during its maturation and formation can exert long-term effects on further ontogenesis of this tissue. The aim of this review was to discuss possible contributions of the changes/disturbances in retinal neurogenesis to the early development of AMD.
A number of new chiral bispidines containing monoterpenoid fragments have been obtained. The bispidines were studied as ligands for Ni-catalyzed addition of diethylzinc to chalcones. The conditions for chromatographic analysis by HPLC-UV were developed, in which the peaks of the enantiomers of all synthesized chiral products were separated, which made it possible to determine the enantiomeric excess of the resulting mixture. It was demonstrated that bispidine-monoterpenoid conjugates can be used as the ligands for diethylzinc addition to chalcone C=C double bond but not as inducers of chirality. Besides products of ethylation, formation of products of formal hydrogenation of the chalcone C=C double bond was observed in all cases. Note, that this formation of hydrogenation products in significant amounts in the presence of such catalytic systems was found for the first time. A tentative scheme explaining the formation of all products was proposed.
The results of investigation of the transverse flow inhomogeneity effect on the natural and controlled disturbance development in 3D supersonic boundary layer are considered. The transition curves were measured on a model of a smooth swept wing and on a swept wing with roughness elements of two configurations. The influence of periodic surface roughness on the growth of natural pulsations (without using a discharge) in the boundary layer is determined. In experiments with artificial disturbances it is found that the periodic modulation of mean flow can lead to stabilization of controlled disturbances in supersonic boundary layer on a swept wing. It was found out that the weak flow inhomogeneity can influence the effectiveness of the active/passive technology of supersonic boundary layer transition control, including the surface microroughness on a swept wing.
Nonlinear Fourier transform (NFT) based transmission technique relies on the integrability of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE). However, the lossless NLSE is not directly applicable for the description of light evolution in fibre links with lumped amplification such as Erbium-doped fibre amplifier (EDFA) because of the nonuniform loss and gain evolution. In this case, the path-averaged model is usually applied as an approximation of the true NLSE model including the fibre loss. However, the inaccuracy of the lossless path-average model, even though being small, can also result in a notable performance degradation in NFT-based transmission systems. In this paper, we extend the theoretical approach, which was first proposed for solitons in EDFA systems, to the case of NFT-based systems to constructively diminish the aforementioned performance penalty. Based on the quantitative analysis of distortions due to the use of path-average model, we optimise the signal launch and detection points to minimise the models mismatch. Without loss of generality, we demonstrate how this approach works for the NFT systems that use continuous NFT spectrum modulation (vanishing signals) and NFT main spectrum modulation (periodic signals). Through numerical modelling, we quantify the corresponding improvements in system performance.
Adipose tissue is considered one of the endocrine organs in the body because of its ability to synthesize and release a large number of hormones, cytokines, and growth and vasoactive factors that influence a variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes, such as vascular tone, inflammation, vascular smooth muscle cell migration, endothelial function, and vascular redox state. Moreover, genetic factors substantially contribute to the risk of obesity.

Research into the biochemical effects of molecules secreted by visceral adipocytes as well as their molecular genetic characteristics is actively conducted around the world mostly in relation to pathologies of the cardiovascular system, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes mellitus.

Adipokines could be developed into biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic targets in different diseases. This review describes the relevance of secretory activity molecules of visceral adipocytes in cardiovascular disease associated abdominal obesity.
A promising new approach to the treatment of viral infections and genetic diseases associated with damaged or foreign nucleic acids in the body is gene therapy, i.e., the use of antisense oligonucleotides, ribozymes, deoxyribozymes, siRNA, plasmid DNA, etc. (therapeutic nucleic acids). Selective recognition of target nucleic acids by these compounds based on highly specific complementary interaction can minimize negative side effects, which occur with currently used low molecular weight drugs. To apply a new generation of therapeutic agents in medical practice, it is necessary to solve the problem of their delivery into cells. Silicon-containing nanoparticles are considered as promising carriers for this purpose due to their biocompatibility, low toxicity, ability to biodegradation and excretion from the body, as well as the simplicity of the synthesis and modification. Silicon-containing nanoparticles are divided into two broad categories: solid (nonporous) and mesoporous silicon nanoparticles (MSN). This review gives a brief overview of the creation of mesoporous, multilayer, and other silicon-based nanoparticles. The publications concerning solid silicon-organic nanoparticles capable of binding and delivering nucleic acids into cells are discussed in more detail with emphasis on methods for their synthesis. The review covers publications over the past 15 years, which describe the classical Stöber method, the microemulsion method, modification of commercial silica nanoparticles, and other strategies.
The differential cross-section as a function of rapidity has been measured for the exclusive production of J/ψ and ψ(2S) mesons in proton–proton collisions at TeV, using data collected by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 930 pb−1. The cross-sections times branching fractions to two muons having pseudorapidities between 2.0 and 4.5 are measured to be
The measurement is based on data with an integrated luminosity of 35 pb$^{-1}$ collected at the VEPP-2000 $e^+e^-$-collider.

The $e^+e^-	o K^+K^-$ cross section is measured in the center-of-mass energy range $1.05-2.00$ GeV at the SND detector.

The obtained results are consistent with the previous most accurate data obtained in the BABAR experiment and have a comparable accuracy.
The deleterious effects of a disrupted copper metabolism are illustrated by hereditary diseases caused by mutations in the genes coding for the copper transporters ATP7A and ATP7B. Menkes disease, involving ATP7A, is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder of copper deficiency. Mutations in ATP7B lead to Wilson disease, which is characterized by a predominantly hepatic copper accumulation. The low incidence and the phenotypic variability of human copper toxicosis hamper identification of causal genes or modifier genes involved in the disease pathogenesis. The Labrador retriever was recently characterized as a new canine model for copper toxicosis. Purebred dogs have reduced genetic variability, which facilitates identification of genes involved in complex heritable traits that might influence phenotype in both humans and dogs.

We performed a genome-wide association study in 235 Labrador retrievers and identified two chromosome regions containing ATP7A and ATP7B that were associated with variation in hepatic copper levels. DNA sequence analysis identified missense mutations in each gene. Confocal microscopy indicated that aberrant copper metabolism upon expression of the ATP7B variant occurred because of mis-localization of the protein in the endoplasmic reticulum. Dermal fibroblasts derived from ATP7A:p.Thr327Ile dogs showed copper accumulation and delayed excretion.

The amino acid substitution ATP7B:p.Arg1453Gln was associated with copper accumulation, whereas the amino acid substitution ATP7A:p.Thr327Ile partly protected against copper accumulation. We identified the Labrador retriever as the first natural, non-rodent model for ATP7B-associated copper toxicosis. Attenuation of copper accumulation by the ATP7A mutation sheds an interesting light on the interplay of copper transporters in body copper homeostasis and warrants a thorough investigation of ATP7A as a modifier gene in copper-metabolism disorders. The identification of two new functional variants in ATP7A and ATP7B contributes to the biological understanding of protein function, with relevance for future development of therapy.
РАДИОБИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ЭФФЕКТЫ ПУЧКА УСКОРИТЕЛЬНОГО ИСТОЧНИКА НЕЙТРОНОВ В ИНСТИТУТЕ ЯДЕРНОЙ ФИЗИКИ ИМ. Г.И. БУДКЕРА СО РАН

Каныгин В.В. 1 , Кичигин А
It was found that DNA alkylation at the N-7 guanine with the bulky alkylating reagent, N,N,N'-tri-(beta-chloroethyl)-N'-(p-formylphenyl)propylene diamine-1,3 (TFP) is much diminished when DNA is double-stranded. We report here an application of this reaction for probing the hairpin structure in the palindrome-containing single-stranded (ss) DNA fragment of 377 bases prepared from the Eco-RI-BaMHI fragment of plasmid pBR322. 5'-Labeled ss fragment was modified with TFP and cleaved by piperidine hydrolysis at the alkylated guanine residues according to the Maxam-Gilbert procedure. Guanines in the hairpin formed by palindrome of 9 bp were protected from TFP action, while dimethyl sulfate modified all guanines.
Scientific publications provide valuable information into cutting-edge scientific advances, but efficient processing of increasing amounts of data is a time-consuming task. Text collections for these tasks exist for the English language and are actively used by the scientific community, but at present, such datasets in Russian are not publicly available.

In this paper, several modifications of methods for the Russian language are proposed. It also includes the results of experiments comparing a keyword extraction method, vocabulary method, and some methods based on neural networks. In this paper, we present a corpus of scientific texts in Russian, RuSERRC. This dataset consists of 1600 unlabeled documents and 80 labeled with entities and semantic relations (6 relation types were considered).

The dataset and models are available at https://github.com/iis-research-team. We hope they can be useful for research purposes and development of information extraction systems.
Two e+e− colliders, VEPP-4M and VEPP2000, are taking data at the Budker INP in Novosibirsk, Russia. KEDR detector at the VEPP-4M collider continues deliver precision measurements of the charmonium family.

Two energy scans of a center-of-mass energy range from 1 GeV to 2 GeV has been performed by the VEPP2000 collider with an integrated luminosity of about 35 pb−1, collected by each of the CMD-3 and SND detectors.

Results of the ψ(2S ) and ψ(3770) study are presented. This paper reports the latest results from VEPP-2000 obtained by the CMD-3 collaboration.
ABSTRACT The in vitro cellular models are promising tools for studying normal and pathological conditions. One of their important applications is the development of genetically engineered biosensor systems to investigate the processes occurring in living cells in real time. Today, there are fluorescence protein based sensory systems for detecting various substances in living cells (for example, hydrogen peroxide, ATP, Ca 2+ etc.) or for detecting processes such as endoplasmic reticulum stress. Such systems help to study mechanisms underlying the pathogenic processes and diseases and for screening potential therapeutic compounds. It is also necessary to develop new tools for processing and analysis of obtained microimages. Here we present our web-application CellCountCV for automation of microscopy cell images analysis which is based on fully-convolutional deep neural networks. This approach can efficiently deal with non-convex overlapping objects, that are virtually inseparable with conventional image processing methods. The cell counts predicted with CellCountCV were very close to expert estimates (the average error rate was < 4%). CellCountCV was used to analyse large series of microscopy images obtained in experimental studies and it was able to demonstrate the endoplasmic reticulum stress development and to catch the dose-dependent effect of tunicamycin.
October 2015 marks the 160 th anniversary of the birth of Ivan V. Michurin. As a scientist and plant breeder, he made a significant improvement of many fruit and berry plants, and flowers. He developed methods of plant breeding, especially regarding long-distance hybridisation of fruit plants, and promoted gardening to the north and east of Russia. He introduced some new berry species, such as Actinidia and black chokeberry, and was the first in Russia to use dwarf and semi dwarf stocks of apples. Michurin initiated the mass movement of gardeners and horticulture experimenters in USSR who changed and significantly extended the assortment and areas of fruit and berries cultivation in the country. He not only brought together a representative collection of species and varieties of fruit, berry and flower plants from around the world, but also used them in breeding by hybridization, including interspecific. He created some new artificial interspecific hybrids such as Cerapadus (cherry and bird cherry tree hybrid), and others. Michurin created 132 cultivars. Eleven of them are not only cultivated, but are also included in “The State Register of Protected Plant Breeding of the Russian Federation”.