Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Viscous electric flow is expected to be dominant when electron-electron collisions occur more often than the impurity or phonon scattering events.

We report non-local electrical measurements in a mesoscopic size two-dimensional (2D) electron gas in a GaAs quantum well in a hydrodynamic regime. We use the different nonlocal transport geometries and compare the results with a theory

We observe a negative nonlocal resistance and attribute it to the formation of whirlpools in the electron flow. demonstrating the significance of hydrodynamics in mesoscopic samples.
There are experimental data that mixed anxiety/depression-like state induced by chronic social defeat stress is accompanied by development of anxiety and downregulation of serotonergic gene expression in the midbrain raphe nuclei of male mice. The paper aimed to study the effect of chronic lithium chloride (LiCl) on anxious behaviors and the expression of serotonergic genes ( Tph2 , Slc6a4 , Htr1a , Htr5b ) in the midbrain raphe nuclei of defeated mice. Slight anxiolytic effects of LiCl were found on the commucativeness in the partition test, and anxiogenic-like effects, estimated by the elevated plus-maze and social interactions tests. Chronic LiCl treatment induced overexpression of the serotonergic genes in the midbrain raphe nuclei of defeated mice. We can assume that effects of LiCl, rather anxiogenic, may be due to activation of serotonergic system induced by hyperexpression of serotonergic genes. Our findings will allow to understand the factors involved in the positive and side effects of lithium on anxiety and function of serotonergic genes which are involved into mechanisms of depression.
We consider the initial-boundary value problem governing unsteady motions of viscous compressible heat-conducting multifluids in a bounded three-dimensional domain.

The operator of the material derivative is assumed to be common for all components and defined by the average velocity of the multifluid, but in the remaining terms, the individual velocities are kept. Pressure is considered common and dependent on total density and temperature.

The existence of weak solutions of the initial-boundary value problem is proved without simplifying assumptions about the structure of viscosity matrices, except the standard physical requirements of positive definiteness.
The article is devoted to the technique of automated testing of NSUts – automatic assessment system for programming tasks developed at NSU. The main priority for this technique is to test both the old and the new versions of the application, so that the same or minimally modified tests could be executed on two versions of the system with different architectures. This could be useful while organizing the development process for other applications with a long life cycle. To test not only the server but also the client side of the web application, we suggest using tools like Selenium WebDriver to simulate user actions by sending commands to real browsers. We use the well-known Page Object design pattern to handle differences in HTML layout and functionality, and describe a number of ways to make developed tests less fragile and easily adapt those to work with the new version of the system. The article also describes the use of this technique to organize automated testing of the NSUts system and analyzes its effectiveness. The analysis shows that the estimated code coverage by these tests is quite high, and therefore the technique can be considered effective and applied to other similar web applications.
The reduction of harmful substances emission into the atmosphere is very important to create compact, energy-efficient catalytic units for afterburning volatile organic compounds. A key component of such units is the catalyst cartridge. The efficiency of its operation is provided by the supply of a gas flow with a uniform velocity field.

To solve the problem, the gas flow distributor and an aerodynamic stand for its testing were created. A set of air-flow blades was used to align the velocity profile before the catalyst cartridge. Also flow kinematics inside the cartridge was investigated via laser Doppler anemometry method.
It was found that high-affinity anti-DNA antibodies were one of the major components of the intrathecal IgG response in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients [Williamson et al., PNAS, 2001]. Recently we have shown that IgGs from the sera of MS patients are active in the hydrolysis of DNA. Here we have shown, for the first time, that average concentration of total proteins (132-fold), total IgGs (194-fold) and anti-DNA antibodies (200-fold) in the sera is significantly higher than that in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of fifteen MS patients. The relative activities of total protein from sera and CSFs varied remarkably from patient to patient. It was surprising that the specific DNase activity of the total protein of CSF reparations were 198-fold higher than the serum ones. Electrophoretically and immunologically homogeneous IgGs were obtained by sequential affinity chromatography of the CSF proteins on protein G-Sepharose and FPLC gel filtration. We present first evidence showing that IgGs from CSF not only bind but efficiently hydrolyze DNA and that average specific DNase activity of homogeneous antibodies from CSF is unpredictably ∼49-fold higher than that from the sera of the same MS patients. Some possible reasons of these findings are discussed. We suggest that DNase IgGs of CSF may promote important neuropathologic mechanisms in this chronic inflammatory disorder and MS pathogenesis development.
Recently, advances in computer technology and data recording and storage have made high-frequency financial data readily available to researchers. As a result, the volatility literature has steadily progressed toward the use of higher-frequency data. However, the move towards the use of higher-frequency financial data in the estimation of volatility of financial returns has resulted in the development of many realised volatility measures of asset return variability based on a variety of different assumptions and functional forms and thus making theoretical comparison and selection of the estimators for empirical applications very difficult if not impossible.

This article provides an empirical review on the performance of estimators of quadratic variation/integrated variance based on high-frequency data to aid their application in empirical analysis.

The result of the review shows that no single estimator works best in all situations; however, the more sophisticated realised measures, in particular the TSRV and KRV, are superior to the other estimators in terms of their estimation accuracy in the presence of market microstructure noise.
A series of new analogs of combretastatin A-4 (CA-4, 1) with the A or B-ring replaced by a 3-oxo-2,3-dihydrofurocoumarin or a furocoumarin residue have been designed and synthesized by employing a cross-coupling approach.

All the compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity with respect to model cancer cell lines (CEM-13, MT-4, U-937) using conventional MTT assays. Structure-activity relationship analysis reveals that compounds 2, 3, 6–8 in which the (Z)-styryl substituent was connected to the 2-position of the 3-oxo-2,3-dihydrofurocoumarin core, demonstrated increased potency compared to 3-(Z)-styrylfurocoumarins 4, 5, 9–11. The methoxy-, hydroxyl- and formyl- substitution on the aromatic ring of the (Z)-styryl moiety seems to play an important role in this class of compounds.

Compounds 2 and 3 showed the best potency against the CEM-13 cell lines, with CTD50 values ranging from 4.9 to 5.1 μM. In comparison with CA-4, all synthesized compounds presented moderate cytotoxic activity to the T-cellular human leucosis cells MT-4 and lymphoblastoid leukemia cells CEM-13, but most of them were active in the human monocyte cell lines U-937.
ПОТЕНЦИАЛЬНЫЕ БИОХИМИЧЕСКИЕ МАРКЕРЫ ХРОНИЧЕСКОГО БРОНХИТА И БРОНХИАЛЬНОЙ АСТМЫ. СОВРЕМЕННОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ
Wave steepness is presented as an extension and a valuable add-on to the conventional set of sea state parameters retrieved from satellite altimetry data.

Following physical model based on recent advances of weak turbulence theory wave steepness is estimated from directly measured spatial gradient of wave height.In this way the method works with altimetry trajectories rather than with point-wise data.Moreover, in contrast to widely used parametric models this approach provides us with instantaneous values of wave steepness and period.The approach is verified via comparison against buoy and satellite data including crossover points for standard 1 second data of Ku-band altimeters.

Relevance of single-track estimates of wave steepness (period) is shown for wave climate studies and confirmed by a simple probabilistic model.High quality of the physical model and robustness of the parametric ones are examined in terms of global wave statistics.Prospects and relevance of both approaches in the ocean wave climate studies are discussed.
The study of proportional electroluminescence in two-phase argon is relevant in the field of noble-gas liquid detectors for dark matter search and low-energy neutrino experiments.

In this work, we continued to study proportional electroluminescence (EL) in two-phase argon doped with a minor (9 ppm) admixture of nitrogen, in the VUV, UV and visible spectral ranges.

We confirmed the effect of enhancement of the EL yield, as well as the presence of non-VUV component in addition to that of VUV, in proportional electroluminescence in two-phase Ar. On the other hand, the contribution of non-VUV component determined here within the model of N2 emission in the UV, turned out to be insufficient to explain the EL yield enhancement effect. Accordingly, the problem of proportional electroluminescence in two-phase Ar remains unresolved.
The results of an experimental study of the flow structure in the near zone of an annular swirling jet are presented. The data were obtained using a two-component laser-Doppler anemometer for the annular jets with a swirl angle of 0–60°. The results of measurements of the average velocity and pulsations in the near jet region (up to 5 diameters of the outer ring) are presented. Based on the analysis performed, it is shown that formation of an internal toroidal vortex near the nozzle plays an important role in the flow dynamics and the process of annular jet mixing. Formation of a stationary toroidal vortex outside the ring is also noted. These structures determine the flow in the near zone of the jet. With the studied Reynolds numbers, this character of the flow in the near zone leads to an increase in the mixing rate, high degree of turbulence, and an increase in the jet ejection capacity.
The Hadean surface was mainly covered by three kinds of rock: komatiite, KREEP basalt, and anorthosite, which were remarkably different from those on the modern Earth. Water–rock interactions between these rocks and water provided a highly reducing environment and formed secondary minerals on the rock surface that are important for producing metallo-enzymes for the emergence of primordial life. Previous studies suggest a correlation with active sites of metallo-enzymes and sulfide minerals based on an affinity with their structure, but they do not discuss the origins of metallic elements contained in these minerals, which are critical to understand where primordial life was born.

Secondary minerals formed through water–rock interactions of komatiite in a nuclear geyser system are investigated, followed by a discussion of the relationship between active sites of metallo-enzymes and secondary minerals. Instead of komatiite, we used serpentinite collected from Hakuba Happo area, Nagano Prefecture in central-north Japan, which is thought to be one of the Hadean modern analogues for the birthplace of life. Several minor minerals were found, including magnetite, chromite, pyrite, and pentlandite, in addition to the major serpentine minerals. In addition, what kinds of minor mineral would be obtained from water–rock interactions of these rocks is estimated using a thermo-dynamic calculation.

Pentlandite is not been mentioned in previous studies as a candidate for supplying important metallic elements to form metallo-enzymes in previous studies. It also acts as a catalyst for hydrogen generation, because it closely resembles the structural features of an active site of hydrogenases. Nickel-iron sulfide, pentlandite, is considered to be one of the important minerals for the origin of life. KREEP basalt contains large amounts of iron, and it could be useful for producing metallo-enzymes, especially for ferredoxins, an electron transfer enzymes associated with the emergence of primordial life.
China’s strong economic growth is undoubtedly due to a set of government initiatives, among which the priority projects are the reform of the higher education system. Since the 80s of the last century, the state has paid special attention to the training of scientific personnel. Thanks to far-sighted state planning and strong budget financing, China has created a competitive national system of postgraduate professional education almost from scratch. As a result, if only 9 postgraduate students were trained in 1978, then in 1985 – already 17004, in 1998 – 47077, and in 2018 – 604368. The number of doctorates degrees awarded from 2005 to 2018 more than doubled: from 27,677 to 60,700. The important factors in the formation of the system of postgraduate education is the promulgation of national laws and regulations governing this area of educational activity, a well-built mechanism for managing the work of postgraduate studies and a strict system to control all stages of the educational process for masters and doctoral students. Therefore, this article focuses on the organization of the learning process in Chinese universities and academic institutes, as well as the management mechanism of the national system of training scientific personnel. In addition, according to the data of China's Ministry of education, official statistical information, publications that are publicly available on the Chinese Internet, as well as scientific articles published in major publications around the world, it is shown how the number of universities and academic institutions that train masters and doctoral students, as well as the number of students, admission and graduation of specialists have changed over the past ten years.
Aim: to evaluate the association of a complex of cardiovascular risk factors and genetic markers with the development of high albuminuria among patients with arterial hypertension in the population of Mountain Shoriya, taking into account ethnicity. Materials and methods. A clinical epidemiological study of a compactly residing population in remote areas of Mountain Shoria was carried out. 1409 people were examined [901 people - representatives of the indigenous nationality (Shorians), 508 people - representatives of non-indigenous nationality (90% of them are Caucasians)]. Hypertension was diagnosed according to the National Guidelines of the Russian Society of Cardiology/the Russian Medical Society on Arterial Hypertension (2010). All patients underwent clinical, laboratory and instrumental investigation. To study the state of the kidneys, the concentration (the presence of elevated levels) of albumin (albuminuria) in the morning portion of urine by an immunoturbidimetric method was analyzed. Polymorphisms of genes ACE (I/D, rs4340), АGT (c.803T>C, rs699), AGTR1 (А1166С, rs5186), ADRB1 (с.145A>G, Ser49Gly, rs1801252), ADRA2B (I/D, rs28365031), MTHFR (c.677С>Т, Ala222Val, rs1801133) and NOS3 (VNTR, 4b/4a) were tested using PCR. Results. In the group of shors with arterial hypertension, high albuminuria was associated with polymorphisms of the ACE genes (OR=2.05), ADRA2B (OR=6.00), elevated triglyceride level (OR=2.86), decreased index of cholesterol of high density lipoproteins (OR=5.57) and increased index of low density lipoproteins (OR=2.49); in the new population - with polymorphisms of the AGTR1 genes (OR=8.66), ADRA2B (OR=6.53), MTHFR (OR=7.16), obesity (OR=2.72), and abdominal obesity (OR=3.14). Conclusion. The primary predictors determining the development of high albuminuria among patients with arterial hypertension in both ethnic groups were genetic ones. In addition to them, non-genetic risk factors also contributed to the development of this organ damage to the kidneys: age and lipid metabolism disorders in representatives of indigenous nationality; age and abdominal obesity in the examined patients non-indigenous nationality.
On the basis of a comprehensive analysis of geological and geophysical materials

seismogeological models of sedimentary complexes in the South Kara oil-and-gas province (OGP) and in the North Kara potential oil-and-gas province (POGP) were constructed

The conclusion is drawn that the South-Kara OGA is the northern end of the West Siberian oil-and-gas province and the Jurassic and Cretaceous deposits are of the greatest interest here. North-Kara POGP is the continuation of the Barents Sea province and Triassic and Jurassic rocks have the biggest petroleum potential. On most of the POGP, the main prospects of oil production are associated with the Neoproterozoic-Paleozoic sedimentary complex.
This article examines correspondence between Baron P. P. Shafirov and Prince A. D. Menshikov from the spring of 1716 to the summer of 1717. These letters reveal the details of Peter I’s stay in Copenhagen, different German cities, and the Netherlands during his second European voyage. As one of the leaders of the Russian foreign ministry and a close companion of the tsar, Shafirov was at the centre of many of the political and domestic events that occurred during this tour. Like the majority of those surrounding the tsar, the baron unofficially informed A. D. Menshikov of all business requiring attention, since Menshikov was in charge of managing the Russian state during Peter’s absence. Published here for the first time, Shafirov’s letters come down to us in the form of copies made in Menshikov’s chancellery in February 1723: these are kept in fond 198 (A. D. Menshikov) of RGADA (Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts). The information in these letters is multisided. Firstly, one finds important military and political reports. While these historical narratives are rather well-known, Shafirov provides additional interesting details. Secondly, these letters are of interest because they provide news about the movement of Peter I and his wife, Tsarina Yekaterina Alekseevna, around Europe. Of particular note are the baron’s reports about the tsar’s serious illness in Amsterdam during the winter of 1716-17. The epistles also clarify the dates and routes that the tsar took, allow us to look at the climate in the countries where he stayed, and provide details about transport and communication links. Thirdly, and rather indirectly, the correspondence helps us to reconstruct the nature of the relationship between Shafirov and Menshikov and their families. All of these reasons make Shafirov’s letters a valuable historical source. Their significance is fully revealed when analysed alongside analogous documentation connected with Peter the Great’s second tour of Europe and the Great Northern War in general.
The photoelectron processes in a p -GaN(Cs) photocathode with the effective negative electron affinity were studied experimentally within the 90–295 K temperature range. It was found that the photocathode illumination at the photon energies, which are below the energy gap of the p -GaN layer, increases the band bending at a semiconductor surface due to the photoemission from surface states.
Neurotrophic factors, as well as their receptors are key players in the formation and development of the central nervous system. Like the sculptor’s incisor, they form the neural networks and circuits of the future organism. The neurotrophic growth factor receptor p75ngfr interacts with sortilin, serves as a receptor for proform of neurotrophic factors and exhibits a proapoptotic effect in developing neurons—dorsal root ganglia neurons and brainstem norepinephrine neurons. p75ngfr is highly expressed in Locus Coeruleus norepinephrine neurons.

Therefore, an important task for developing further methods of CNS gene therapy is the development of tools and molecular methods for suppressing p75ngfr expression in norepinephrine neurons. For this purpose, we’ve developed improved dCas9 vectors with Suntag system to suppress gene expression and enhance methylation of CpG islands. We used 10 times repetitive GCN peptide that were fused to dCas9. Single chain antibody against GCN peptide was fused to KRAB repressor or Dnmt3a catalytic domain. Expression specificity was achieved by using a promoter consisting of 8 repeated phox2a/2b binding sites. In this work, we’ve tested a set of guide RNAs targeting p75ngfr cpg island in the promoter.

Usage of Suntag system led us to the conclusion that topological orientation and length of the final complex could influence on p75ngfr antisense transcript expression, and that sequence was established in the rat P3 brainstem.
A recombinant analogue of lactaptin (RL2), a new potential anticancer molecule, induces apoptosis in cultured tumor cells. The tumor suppression efficacy of RL2 was shown against mouse hepatoma-1 cells and MDA-MB-231 human breast adenocarcinoma cells. The RL2-based therapeutic drug lactaptin is distributed evenly throughout the organism, which reduces its antitumor efficacy.

In the current study, we obtained a genetic construct that allows production of the recombinant fusion protein T3-RL2, consisting of RL2 and T3 peptide (YTYDPWLIFPAN), in E. coli cells. T3 peptide was selected from a phage peptide library as a result of two screenings: in vitro using MDA-MB-231 cell culture and in vivo using a mouse xenograft model of breast cancer MDA-MB-231. It was shown that the displayed peptide T3 provides binding and internalization of phage particles by MDA-MB-231 cells and their specific accumulation in MDA-MB-231 tumor tissue. In addition, based on the nucleotide sequences coding RL2 and the known tumor-targeting peptide iRGD, we obtained genetic constructs that provide synthesis of fusion proteins RL2-iRGD and RL-iRGD-His. We studied the cytotoxic activity of fusion proteins T3-RL2, RL2-iRGD and RL-iRGD-His in vitro using MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 human adenocarcinoma cells.

The in vitro results showed that the fusion proteins inhibit proliferation of both cell cultures, and their cytotoxic activity is higher than that of RL2. In vivo experiments on the study of the antitumor efficacy of the obtained fusion proteins demonstrated that T3-RL2 protein significantly inhibits MDA-MB-231 tumor growth in a xenograft model compared with RL2, while the antitumor effect of RL2-iRGD and RL-iRGD-His proteins is comparable to the effect of RL2.
Experimental simulation of the inhomogeneity of the incident flow localized in time and space on a bluff tear-drop airfoil is carried out. It is shown that in the region outside the aerodynamic wake of the tear-drop airfoil, the presence of inhomogeneity leads to an increase in the amplitudes of velocity fluctuations in a wide frequency range. In the region inside the wake, the presence of inhomogeneity leads to the suppression of velocity fluctuations at the frequency of vortex shedding by a factor of 2–3 in amplitude. The intensification of fluctuations at frequencies above the main one was also noted, and there was no effect on fluctuations at lower frequencies.