Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
200 nm partially strained HgTe films. This thickness is slightly larger than the estimated critical thickness of lattice relaxation leaving the film partially relaxed with the value of the energy gap close to zero. The reference fully strained 80 nm HgTe films previously shown to be fully gapped 3D topological insulators.

We show that illumination of HgTe films with monochromatic terahertz laser radiation results in a giant resonant photocurrent caused by the cyclotron resonance in the surface states. The resonant photocurrent is also detected in the reference fully strained 80 nm HgTe films. The conclusion is supported by magnetotransport experiments.

We show that the resonance positions in both types of films almost coincide demonstrating the existence of topologically protected surface states in thick HgTe films.
The method for simultaneous measurement of pressure and average mass flow rate in the dynamic recording mode in the conditions of the T-313 wind tunnel of ITAM SB RAS is presented. Experimental studies were carried out in the mode M = 2.04, Re1 = (15-25)·106, and T0 = 283 K. Measurement was carried out in the near field of a sonic boom. Distributions of average mass flow rate were measured using a constant-resistance thermoanemometer CTA-2016 (v.2).
SLAMF9 is a member of the signaling lymphocyte-activating molecule (SLAM) immunoreceptor family. The SLAM family receptors are expressed in a broad range of immune cells and play an important role in immunity. To date, SLAMF9 is the least studied member of this family. Its ligand, signaling properties, and cells on whose surface it is expressed are unknown. We generated hybridoma clones 6E11 and 7G5 secreting monoclonal antibodies specific to human SLAMF9. BALB/c mice were immunized with Escherichia coli-expressed purified SLAMF9 protein; splenocytes from these mice were fused with mouse myeloma cell line NS-1. Based on isotyping of the MAbs, clone 6E11 was referred to the IgG1 subclass, while 7G5 to IgG2b. The specificity of these MAbs was assessed by ELISA, immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry. According to the results of epitope analysis, clone 6E11 reacts with the C2-like domain, whereas 7G5 is specific to the V-like domain of the SLAMF9 molecule. The generated MAbs were demonstrated to be applicable in various immunochemical analyses. They may be useful tools in studies clarifying the expression and function of human SLAMF9.
The strong law of large numbers for linear combinations of functions of order statistics ($L$-statistics) based on weakly dependent random variables is proven. We also establish the Glivenko--Cantelli theorem for $ϕ$-mixing sequences of identically distributed random variables.
A search for a charged partner of the X(3872) in the decays B̄⁰→K⁻X⁺ or B⁺→K⁰X⁺, X⁺→π⁺π⁰J/ψ resulted in upper limits on the product branching fractions for these processes that are well below expectations for the case that the X(3872) is the neutral member of an isospin triplet.

We present results from a study of X(3872)→ππJ/ψ decays produced via exclusive B→KX(3872) decays. The analysis is based on a 711 fb⁻¹ data sample that contains 772×10⁶ BB̄ meson pairs collected at the Υ(4S) resonance in the Belle detector at the KEKB e⁺e⁻ collider. We examine possible Jᴾᴶ quantum number assignments for the X(3872) based on comparisons of angular correlations between final state particles in X(3872)→π⁺π⁻J/ψ decays with simulated data for Jᴾᴶ values of 1⁺⁺ and 2⁻⁺. We examine the influence of ρ-ω interference in the M(π⁺π⁻) spectrum.

We determine the mass to be M_X(3872)=(3871.85±0.27(stat)±0.19(syst)) MeV, a 90% confidence level upper limit on the natural width of Γ_X(3872)<1.2 MeV, the product branching fraction B(B⁺→K⁺X(3872))×B(X(3872)→π⁺π⁻J/ψ)=(8.63±0.82(stat)±0.52(syst))×10⁻⁶, and a ratio of branching fractions B(B⁰→K⁰X(3872))/B(B⁺→K⁺X(3872))=0.50±0.14(stat)±0.04(syst). The difference in mass between the X(3872)→π⁺π⁻J/ψ signals in B⁺ and B⁰ decays is ΔM_X(3872)=(-0.71±0.96(stat)±0.19(syst)) MeV.
Self-assembled monolayers of alkylthiolates on chromium-primed polycrystalline gold films are patterned using a Lloyd's mirror interferometer and etched using mercaptoethylamine in ethanol in a rapid process that does not require access to clean-room facilities. The use of a Cr adhesion layer facilitates the cleaning of specimens by immersion in piranha solution, enabling their repeated reuse without significant change in their absorbance spectra over two years.

We describe a fast, simple method for the fabrication of reusable, robust gold nanostructures over macroscopic (cm(2)) areas. A library of 200 different nanostructures was prepared and found to exhibit a range of optical behavior. Annealing yielded structures with a uniformly high degree of crystallinity that exhibited strong plasmon bands. Using a combinatorial approach, correlations were established between the preannealing morphologies (determined by the fabrication conditions) and the postannealing optical properties.

The refractive index sensitivity of gold nanostructures formed in this way was found to correlate closely with measurements reported for structures fabricated by other methods. Strong enhancements were observed in the Raman spectra of tetra-tert-butyl-substituted phthalocyanine. The shift in the position of the plasmon band after site-specific attachment of histidine-tagged green fluorescent protein (His-GFP) and bacteriochlorophyll a was measured for a range of nanostructured films. This approach offers a simple route to the production of durable, reusable, macroscopic arrays of gold nanostructures with precisely controllable morphologies.
In this note, residual finiteness of quandles is defined and investigated.

It is proved that free quandles and knot quandles of tame knots are residually finite and Hopfian. Residual finiteness of quandles arising from residually finite groups (conjugation, core and Alexander quandles) is established.

Further, residual finiteness of automorphism groups of some residually finite quandles is also discussed.
Multimodal ecoinformation analysis as an modern computative approach to geospatial investigation of biodiversity structure is performed on maximum entropy method for local populations of Iris glaucescens -rare species of vascular plants that is included in Red Book of Novosibirsk Oblast. The most informative environmental variables were ranged and examined in detail. According to obtained results, trio of the most important variables in the scale of 1/12 arc-degree (5.0 arc-minutes) global model, includes: 1) maximum average diurnal tempreature of surface air in the warmest period of an year (bio5) – 32.7%, annual mean temperature of surface air (bio1) – 11.2%, and maximum average diurnal tempreature of surface air in July (tmax7) – 9.0%. Three of the most important variables in the scale of 1/60 arc-degree (1.0 arc-minutes) regional model (Zone_18) are: maximum average diurnal tempreature of surface air in the warmest period of a year (bio5) -35.7%, maximum average diurnal tempreature of surface air in Juny (tmax6) – 23.1%, minimum average diurnal tempreature of surface air in October (tmin10) – 7,7%. Therefore, climatic variables that influense on the amount of heat in the warmest period of a year, may be taken into account as factors, limiting population size of I. glaucescens.
This article is an overview of literature data on the structure, properties, functions and genetic control of the enzyme malate dehydrogenase (MDH) in plants.

In most of the plant entities studied, this enzyme is highly polymorphic, which means that malate dehydrogenase has multiple molecular forms. It has been found that MDH polymorphism in each species is genetically determined by several loci with multiple alleles.

A readily identifiable phenotypic manifestation and a high activity of malate dehydrogenase in diverse organs and tissues make this enzyme a reliable and convenient genetic marker, which can effectively be used in special, ecological and population genetics.
Apatite-type lanthanum silicates (ATLS) materials have attracted interest in recent literature as solid electrolytes for SOFCs. The fabrication of an ATLS based fuel cell with the state-of-art electrodes (NiO/YSZ as anode and LSCF or LSM as cathode) can show degradation after long operation hours due to Si diffusion mainly towards the anode.

In this work, we report a "layer-by-layer anodic electrodes" fabrication by means of spin coating and physical spraying. The overall aim of this work is the successful fabrication of such a layered structure including suitable blocking layers towards the inhibition of Si interdiffusion from the apatite electrolyte to the anode.

The results showed that the deposition of 3 layers of LFSO/GDC (3μm), NiO/GDC (4μm) and the final NiO/YSZ anode layer provided a stable half-cell, with no solid state reaction occurring among the electrodes and no Si diffusion observed towards the anode after thermal treatment at 800°C for 120h.
The magnetotransport properties of massless Dirac fermions in a gapless HgTe quantum well are investigated. In samples with narrow channels, a large negative magnetoresistance with a Lorentzian profile is observed, which is interpreted as a manifestation of electron viscosity due to an electron-electron interaction. A comparison of experiment with theory yields the shear stress relaxation time of the Dirac fermions caused by electron-electron scattering.Received 7 April 2021Revised 12 July 2021Accepted 15 July 2021DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.3.L032031Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.Published by the American Physical SocietyPhysics Subject Headings (PhySH)Research AreasElectrical conductivityElectron relaxationMagnetotransportMesoscopicsTransport phenomenaPhysical SystemsDirac semimetalMetalsQuantum wellsTwo-dimensional electron gasTwo-dimensional electron systemCondensed Matter, Materials & Applied Physics
Despite some interest in spreading the teachings of the 'Syrian Church' in Central and East Asia (the most famous example is the famous book 'In Search of a Fictional Kingdom' by L. N. Gumilev) Russian science lacks publications related to the tangible Nestorians heritage located in the territory of modern China during its heyday (the Tang and Yuan dynasties).

This article presents an analysis of the historical role of Nestorian Christianity in China. Also, it considers new archaeological and epigraphic materials from the Nestorian burial grounds of the Yuan dynasty (the territory of the modern Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region). This paper is partially dedicated to partially filling this gap introducing brief data on the Wangmulian, Aolunsumu and Muhuerso-Buerga burial grounds.

In addition, the authors paid attention to the interesting set of terms that the Chinese used in relation to the new religion.
A residual disorder in the gate system is the main problem on the way to create artificial graphene based on two-dimensional electron gas. The disorder can be significantly screened/reduced due to the many-body effects.

To analyse the screening/disorder problem we consider AlGaAs/GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure with two metallic gates. We demonstrate that the design least susceptible to the disorder corresponds to the weak coupling regime (opposite to tight binding) which is realised via a system of quantum anti-dots.

The most relevant type of disorder is the area disorder which is a random variation of areas of quantum anti-dots. The area disorder results in the formation of puddles. Other types of disorder, the position disorder and the shape disorder, are practically irrelevant. The formation/importance of puddles dramatically depends on the parameters of the nanopatterned heterostructure. A variation of the parameters by 20–30% can change the relative amplitude of puddles by orders of magnitude. Based on this analysis we formulate criteria for the acceptable design of the heterostructure aimed at the creation of the artificial graphene.
In this paper, we introduce a new property of two‐dimensional integrable hydrodynamic chains—existence of infinitely many local three‐dimensional conservation laws for pairs of integrable two‐dimensional commuting flows. Infinitely many local three‐dimensional conservation laws for the Benney commuting hydrodynamic chains are constructed. As a by‐product, we established a new method for computation of local conservation laws for three‐dimensional integrable systems. The Mikhalëv equation and the dispersionless limit of the Kadomtsev‐Petviashvili equation are investigated. All known local and infinitely many new quasilocal three‐dimensional conservation laws are presented. Also four‐dimensional conservation laws are considered for couples of three‐dimensional integrable quasilinear systems and for triplets of corresponding hydrodynamic chains.
Ag–CeO2 catalysts (20 mol % Ag) were synthesized using different techniques (co-precipitation, impregnation, and impregnation of pre-reduced ceria), characterized by XRD, N2 sorption, TEM, H2-TPR methods, and probed in room-temperature p-nitrophenol reduction into p-aminophenol in aqueous solution at atmospheric pressure.

The catalyst preparation method was found to determine the textural characteristics, the oxidation state and distribution of silver and, hence, the catalytic activity in the p-nitrophenol reduction. The impregnation technique was the most favorable for the formation over the ceria surface of highly dispersed silver species that are active in the p-nitrophenol reduction (the first-order rate constant k = 0.656 min−1).
The free-living flatworm Macrostomum lignano is used as a model in a range of research fields—including aging, bioadhesion, stem cells, and sexual selection—culminating in the establishment of genome assemblies and transgenics. However, the Macrostomum community has run into a roadblock following the discovery of an unusual genome organization in M. lignano, which could now impair the development of additional resources and tools. Briefly, M. lignano has undergone a whole-genome duplication, followed by rediploidization into a 2n = 8 karyotype (distinct from the canonical 2n = 6 karyotype in the genus). Although this karyotype appears visually diploid, it is in fact a hidden tetraploid (with rarer 2n = 9 and 2n = 10 individuals being pentaploid and hexaploid, respectively).

Here, we report on a phylogenetically informed search for close relatives of M. lignano, aimed at uncovering alternative Macrostomum models with the canonical karyotype and a simple genome organization.

We taxonomically describe three new species: the first, Macrostomum janickei n. sp., is the closest known relative of M. lignano and shares its derived genome organization; the second, Macrostomum mirumnovem n. sp., has an even more unusual genome organization, with a highly variable karyotype based on a 2n = 9 base pattern; and the third, Macrostomum cliftonensis n. sp., does not only show the canonical 2n = 6 karyotype, but also performs well under standard laboratory culture conditions and fulfills many other requirements. M. cliftonensis is a viable candidate for replacing M. lignano as the primary Macrostomum model, being outcrossing and having an estimated haploid genome size of only 231 Mbp.
The paper presents the results of the numerical simulation of the supersonic (M ∞ = 7) flow around the cylinder with the front gas-permeable porous insert at different angles of attack.

The numerical simulation involves the comparative analysis of a number of skeleton models of high-porous cellular materials of the front insert: from the set of coaxial rings of different diameters, and the set of hollow spheres with different spatial resolution.

The calculated data of the drag coefficient have been compared with the wind tunnel experiment results.
Geological, mineralogical, petrochemical and geochronological data are considered for the Khairkhan dunite-troctolite-gabbro massif in the Lake zone of Western Mongolia. The massif intrude the Lower Cambrian molasse stratum and intruded by the Middle Cambrian diorite-plagiogranite bodies (507 Ma).

Mineralogical, petrographic and geochemical data show typical suprasubduction characteristics: high An component of plagioclases with increased iron content of olivines, high whole-rock alumina content, low contents of titanium and alkalis, Ta, Nb, Zr and Hf minima. The layered series is characterized by a layers of orbicular gabbros, which can be considered as gabbro-gabbro mingling. At the same time, high-temperature viscous-plastic deformations are characteristic of the layered series, which cover the entire volume of the intrusion.

These observations, together with geological and geochronological data related to the melting of the suprasubduction mantle in the Cambrian-Ordovician time, allow treating the Khairkhan massif as an example of syncollisional stratified gabbroids.
The Dalitz plot distribution of ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\overline{D}}^{0}{K}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ decays is studied using a data sample corresponding to $3.0\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of $pp$ collision data recorded by the LHCb experiment during 2011 and 2012.

The data are described by an amplitude model that contains contributions from intermediate ${K}^{*}(892{)}^{0}$, ${K}^{*}(1410{)}^{0}$, ${K}_{2}^{*}(1430{)}^{0}$ and ${D}_{2}^{*}(2460{)}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ resonances. The model also contains components to describe broad structures, including the ${K}_{0}^{*}(1430{)}^{0}$ and ${D}_{0}^{*}(2400{)}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ resonances, in the $K\ensuremath{\pi}$ S-wave and the $D\ensuremath{\pi}$ S- and P-waves.

The masses and widths of the ${D}_{0}^{*}(2400{)}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ and ${D}_{2}^{*}(2460{)}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ resonances are measured, as are the complex amplitudes and fit fractions for all components included in the amplitude model. The model obtained will be an integral part of a future determination of the angle $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa quark mixing matrix using ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}D{K}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ decays.
The influence of crystallization differentiation on the compositional changes in melt of the mushroom-shaped plume head has been clarified.

According to our calculations,

crystallization differentiation produces residual melt composition approaching the composition of the normal granites.
We established equilibrium and motion equations for media with internal structure, characterized by integral geometry parameters. These equations are linear differential equations of the infinite order. Besides usual elastic waves, there are many waves with sufficiently lower velocities without bottom limit. Corresponding dispersion equations have both real and imaginary roots. Complex roots represent parametric resonances (catastrophes). This model of structured continuum describes intermediate states between statics and dynamics. It means that the equilibrium equations are valid for large scales, while the dynamic equations are valid in small ones.
Sufficient knowledge of molecular and genetic interactions, which comprise the entire basis of the functioning of living systems, is one of the necessary requirements for successfully answering almost any research question in the field of biology and medicine. To date, more than 24 million scientific papers can be found in PubMed, with many of them containing descriptions of a wide range of biological processes. The analysis of such tremendous amounts of data requires the use of automated text-mining approaches. Although a handful of tools have recently been developed to meet this need, none of them provide error-free extraction of highly detailed information.

The ANDSystem package was developed for the reconstruction and analysis of molecular genetic networks based on an automated text-mining technique. It provides a detailed description of the various types of interactions between genes, proteins, microRNA's, metabolites, cellular components, pathways and diseases, taking into account the specificity of cell lines and organisms.

Although the accuracy of ANDSystem is comparable to other well known text-mining tools, such as Pathway Studio and STRING, it outperforms them in having the ability to identify an increased number of interaction types. The use of ANDSystem, in combination with Pathway Studio and STRING, can improve the quality of the automated reconstruction of molecular and genetic networks. ANDSystem should provide a useful tool for researchers working in a number of different fields, including biology, biotechnology, pharmacology and medicine.
We assume that current state of the Universe can be described by the Inert Doublet Model, containing two scalar doublets, one of which is responsible for EWSB and masses of particles and the second one having no couplings to fermions and being responsible for dark matter. We consider possible evolutions of the Universe to this state during cooling down of the Universe after inflation. We found that in the past Universe could pass through phase states having no DM candidate. In the evolution via such states in addition to a possible EWSB phase transition (2-nd order) the Universe sustained one 1-st order phase transition or two phase transitions of the 2-nd order.
Understanding the distribution of human genetic variation is an important foundation for research into the genetics of common diseases. Some of the alleles that modify common disease risk are themselves likely to be common and, thus, amenable to identification using gene-association methods. A problem with this approach is that the large sample sizes required for sufficient statistical power to detect alleles with moderate effect make gene-association studies susceptible to false-positive findings as the result of population stratification [1, 2]. Such type I errors can be eliminated by using either family-based association tests or methods that sufficiently adjust for population stratification [3–5]. These methods require the availability of genetic markers that can detect and, thus, control for sources of genetic stratification among populations. In an effort to investigate population stratification and identify appropriate marker panels, we have analysed 11,555 single nucleotide polymorphisms in 203 individuals from 12 diverse human populations. Individuals in each population cluster to the exclusion of individuals from other populations using two clustering methods. Higher-order branching and clustering of the populations are consistent with the geographic origins of populations and with previously published genetic analyses. These data provide a valuable resource for the definition of marker panels to detect and control for population stratification in population-based gene identification studies. Using three US resident populations (European-American, African-American and Puerto Rican), we demonstrate how such studies can proceed, quantifying proportional ancestry levels and detecting significant admixture structure in each of these populations.