Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
GaAs thermal smoothing at temperatures T ≤ 650°C in the conditions close to equilibrium yields surfaces with atomically smooth terraces separated by steps of monatomic height. At higher temperatures T ≥ 700°C, surface smoothing is changed to roughening. In the present paper, possible reasons of surface roughening at elevated temperatures are studied by means of Monte Carlo simulation and compared with the experimental results on GaAs. It is proved that the thermodynamic roughening transition, which consists in spontaneous generation of atomic steps due to decrease in the step line tension down to zero, cannot explain the experiment because it should occur at temperatures T ∼ 1800 - 2000°C, i.e. much higher than in the experiment. Kinetic instabilities caused by deviations from equilibrium towards growth or sublimation are shown to cause GaAs roughening at elevated temperatures. The microscopic mechanisms of kinetic-driven roughening are discussed.
Проведены исследования межзонной фотопроводимости и фотолюминесценции в узкозонных волноводных структурах с квантовыми ямами на основе HgCdTe, дизайн которых предназначен для получения длинноволнового стимулированного излучения в условиях оптической накачки. В структурах n-типа времена релаксации фотопроводимости достигают нескольких микросекунд, что позволяет наблюдать стимулированное излучение на длине волны 10.2 мкм с низкой пороговой интенсивностью накачки &#126;100 Вт/см 2 при 20 K. В структурах p-типа, полученных отжигом для увеличения концентрации вакансий ртути, из-за резкого уменьшения времени жизни относительно безызлучательной рекомбинации Шокли-Рида-Холла не удается наблюдать даже спонтанное излучение из квантовых ям.
SND detector operates at the VEPP-2000 collider (BINP, Novosibirsk).

To improve events selection for physical analysis and facilitate online detector control we developed new data quality monitoring (DQM) system. The system includes online and reprocess control modules, automatic decision making scripts, interactive (web based) and program (python) access to various quality estimates. This access is implemented with node.js server with data in RDBMS MySQL.

We describe here general system logics, its components and some implementation details.
In this work we study the stability of horizontal shear flows of an ideal fluid in an open channel.

Stability conditions are derived in terms of the theory of generalized hyperbolicity of motion equations. To illustrate the criteria we give simple examples for stable and unstable flows. Then we derive a multilayered model that is an approximation of the original model and features a continuous piecewise linear velocity profile. We also formulate sufficient hyperbolicity conditions for the multilayered model.

We show that flows with monotonic convex profile are always stable, whereas flows with an inflexion point in the velocity profile might become unstable.
Using pp collision data corresponding to 1.0 fb(-1) integrated luminosity collected by the LHCb detector

two narrow states are observed in the Λ(b)(0)π(+)π(-) spectrum with masses 5911.97±0.12(stat)±0.02(syst)±0.66(Λ(b)(0) mass) MeV/c(2) and 5919.77±0.08(stat)±0.02(syst)±0.66(Λ(b)(0) mass) MeV/c(2). The significances of the observations are 5.2 and 10.2 standard deviations, respectively

These states are interpreted as the orbitally excited Λ(b)(0) baryons, Λ(b)(*0)(5912) and Λ(b)(*0)(5920)
We present optical photometric observations of SN 2018aoq from 2 to 100 days after explosion, and 7 spectra at epochs from 11 to 71 days. The light curves and spectra are typical for SNe II-P. As previously reported, SN 2018aoq appears to be of intermediate brightness between subluminous and normal SNe II-P. SN 2018aoq was discovered in Seyfert galaxy NGC 4151, for which the distance is uncertain. We utilised the Expanding Photosphere Method using three sets of filter combinations and velocities derived from the absorption minima of FeII lines and obtained a distance of 20.0 +-1.6 Mpc. The Standard Candle Method applied to SN 2018aoq yields a distance of 16.6 +-1.1 Mpc. Both values are consistent with the distance measurements for NGC 4151 based on geometric method.
In a number of models Dark Matter (DM) consists of particles similar to those in SM.I suggest simple method for the search of Dark Matter particles and some related particles which allows to measure reliably their masses and spins in a wide class of such models for Dark Matter.
"Experiments for studying crystalline materials under extreme conditions are a powerful tool for investigating ""structure-property"" relationships. They also give information on the behavior of hydrogen bonds and are important both for materials science and crystal engineering. In addition, many processes in the living organisms are also related to mechanical stress. One of the most interesting tasks is to identify factors which influence the stability of a structure, or a part of the structure, at high pressure. Experiments on the systematic study of compounds in a wide range of pressures allow us to accumulate data that can be used to solve this problem. For a more complete picture, the mixed crystals of the selected compound are studied. Investigation of mixed crystals and cocrystals of interest can be compared with the crystals of individual compounds. We have chosen the structure of L-serine - L-ascorbic acid to be compared with those of L-serine and L-ascorbic acids for such a study. Phase transitions were previously reported to be induced by increasing pressure in both L-serine [1] and L-ascorbic acid [2]; moreover, the structure of L-serine was followed at multiple pressures by single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction[3]. L-serine – L-ascorbic acid co-crystal was studied in the pressure range 0-5.4 GPa (at multiple points at every 0.5-0.7 GPa) by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. A phase transition has been detected and some rearrangement in the network of hydrogen bonds was observed. The high pressure data were compared with those for the individual structures of the L-serine and L-ascorbic acid. This work was supported by RFBR (grants 12–03-31541, 14-03-31866, 13-03-92704, 14-03-00902 ), Ministry of Science and Education of Russia and Russian Academy of Sciences."
On the basis of recent results, we propose a model for DNA polymerase translocation along DNA. Human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase is taken as an example.

According to the model, movement of the enzyme is the result of transition of the enzyme‐bound DNA from the A‐ to B‐form which is accompanied by lengthening of DNA within the binding channel. The driving force of this transition is the increase in water accessibility to the DNA‐binding cleft after dNTP binding. dNTP hydrolysis proceeding during the following chemical step supplies the energy for the reverse B → A transition of DNA.

Translocation is considered to be an integral part of the stage of conformational change preceding catalysis and can be described as a worm‐like movement of DNA within the DNA‐binding cleft.
The thermodynamic properties of the carbon dioxide clathrate hydrate as well as hexagonal ice Ih have been calculated using Quasiharmonic Lattice Dynamic framework in connection with Molecular Dynamic methods in order to show the existence of the self-preservation effect in the carbon dioxide hydrates.

The statistical thermodynamics theory has been applied to calculate the thermal expansion coefficients for hydrate and ice systems.

The calculations clearly show that because the thermal expansion of the hydrate phase is limited by the thermal expansion of ice it is possible to keep the hydrate in a stable region within the phase diagram. The differences in thermal expansion should lead to the self-preservation effect with the application of additional pressure on the hydrate phase. This effect allows using the self-preservation effect for the storage and transportation of gas in the hydrate form.
Background. Barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) and oat ( Avena sativa L.) are grain crops belonging to one of the main sources of food and forage in the Russian Federation. They contain proteins, various groups of vitamins, fats, carbohydrates, β-glucans, minerals and different bioloactive compounds, including anthocyanins. Recently, much attention has been given to anthocyanins due to their various valuable properties. Therefore, the grain of barley and oat is a potentially promising economic product and a component of functional nutrition. The aim of this work was to estimate the content of anthocyanins in barley and oat accessions with different pigmentation of kernels and lemma. Materials and methods. 32 barley and 11 oat accessions were studied by spectrophotometry. Anthocyanins were extracted from barley and oat kernels with a 1% HCl solution in methanol. Results and discussion. As a result of the study, accessions and varieties with the highest content of anthocyanins were identified: for barley these are k-15904 (China), k-19906 (Mongolia), k-18709 (Japan), k-18723, k-18729 (Canada), k-17725 (Turkey) belonging to var. violaceum ; k-29568 (Japan) – var. densoviolaceum ; k-8690 (Ethiopia) – var. griseinigrum ; k-28205 (Germany) – var. nudidubium ; and for oat these are k-15527 ( A. ayssinica Hochst. var. braunii Koern., Ethiopia) and k-15245 ( A. strigosa Schreb. subsp. brevis var. tephera Mordv. ex Sold. et Rod., Poland). Conclusion. The obtained results demonstrated that the VIR collection includes accessions with potential value for the development of varieties with an increased anthocyanin content, which can be used as functional food products.
The results of the cluster analysis showed that all the regions classified as the Arctic zone of Russia can be identified as resource regions. Identification was based on such factors as the role of the mining sectors in the region's economy, the share of mineral extraction tax and employment in the extractive industries, especially in oil and gas sector. Econometric analysis built on panel data showed that the production of energy resources in the Arctic regions directly affects the level of socio-economic development of the Arctic regions. At the same time, it is important to take into account that these regions are characterized by a single-industry type of economy, which does not allow for comprehensive innovative development of various sectors of the region's economy. As a result, the "resource curse" of the regions of the Arctic zone of Russia was revealed. This includes significant challenges and threats to the sustainable development of the Arctic regions.
The Arbarastakh ultramafic carbonatite complex is located in the southwestern part of the Siberian Craton and contains ore-bearing carbonatites and phoscorites with Zr-Nb-REE mineralization.

Based on the modal composition, textural features, and chemical compositions of minerals, the phoscorites from Arbarastakh can be subdivided into two groups: FOS 1 and FOS 2. FOS 1 contains the primary minerals olivine, magnetite with isomorphic Ti impurities, phlogopite replaced by tetraferriphlogopite along the rims, and apatite poorly enriched in REE. Baddeleyite predominates among the accessory minerals in FOS 1. Zirconolite enriched with REE and Nb and pyrochlore are found in smaller quantities. FOS 2 has a similar mineral composition but contains much less olivine, magnetite is enriched in Mg, and the phlogopite is enriched in Ba and Al. Of the accessory minerals, pyrochlore predominates and is enriched in Ta, Th, and U; baddeleyite is subordinate and enriched in Nb.

Chemical and textural differences suggest that the phoscorites were formed by the sequential introduction of different portions of the melt. The melt that formed the FOS 1 was enriched in Zr and REE relative to the FOS 2 melt; the melt that formed the FOS 2 was enriched in Al, Ba, Nb, Ta, Th, U, and, to a lesser extent, Sr.
A search for the rare decay $D^0 \to μ^+ μ^-$is performed using a data sample, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 0.9 fb$^{-1}$, of $pp$ collisions collected at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV by the LHCb experiment.

The observed number of events is consistent with the background expectations

and corresponds to an upper limit of \mbox{${\cal B}(D^0 \to μ^+ μ^-) < 6.2(7.6) \times 10^{-9}$} at \mbox{90%} \mbox{(95%)} confidence level. This result represents an improvement of more than a factor twenty with respect to previous measurements.
During the last few decades, phytoremediation process has attracted much attention because of the growing concerns about the deteriorating quality of soil caused by anthropogenic activities.

Here, a tandem phytoremediation/biorefinery process was proposed as a way to turn phytoremediation into a viable commercial method by producing valuable chemicals in addition to cleaned soil. Two agricultural plants (Sinapis alba and Helianthus annuus) were grown in moderately contaminated soil with ca. 100 ppm of Ni and further degraded by a fungal lignin degrader-Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Several parameters have been studied, including the viability of plants, biomass yield, and their accumulating and remediating potentials. Further, downstream processing showed that up to 80% of Ni can be easily extracted from contaminated biomass by aqueous extraction at mild conditions.

Finally, it was demonstrated that the growth of plants on the contaminated soil could be degraded by P. chrysosporium, and the effect of nickel and biomass pretreatment on the solid-state fermentation was studied. The proposed and studied methodology in this work could pave the way for successful commercialization of the phytoremediation process in the near future.
The available data demonstrate that even in universal metabolic pathways, some species-specific regulatory features of structural genes are present. For instance, in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway (ABP), genes may be regulated by ABP-specific regulatory factors, and their expression levels may be strongly associated with anthocyanin pigmentation, or they may be expressed independently of pigmentation.

A dataset of orthologous ABP genes (Chs, Chi, F3h, F3'h, Dfr, Ans) from monocot and dicot plant species that have distinct gene regulation patterns and different types of pollination was constructed to test whether these factors affect the evolution of the genes. Using a maximum likelihood approach, we demonstrated that although the whole set of the ABP genes is under purifying selection, with greater selection acting on the upstream genes than on the downstream genes, genes from distinct groups of plant species experienced different strengths of selective pressure.

The selective pressure on the genes was higher in dicots than in monocots (F3h and further downstream genes) and in pollinator-dependent plants than in pollinator-independent species (Chi and further downstream genes), suggesting an important role of pollination type in the evolution of the anthocyanin biosynthesis gene network. Contrasting effects of the regulation patterns on evolution were detected for the F3h and Dfr genes, with greater selective pressure on the F3h gene in plant species where the gene expression was not strongly associated with pigmentation and greater selective pressure on Dfr in plant species where the gene expression was associated with pigmentation. We demonstrated the effects of pollination type and patterns of regulation on the evolution of the ABP genes, but the evolution of some of the genes could not be explained in the framework of these factors, such as the weaker selective pressure acting on Chs in species that attract pollinators or the stronger selective pressure on F3h in plant species where the gene expression was not associated with pigmentation. The observations suggest that additional factors could affect the evolution of these genes. One such factor could be an effect of gene duplication with further division of functions among gene copies and relaxed selective pressure acting on them. Additional tests with an appropriate dataset combining data on duplicated gene sequences and their functions in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway are required to test this hypothesis.
The February-March Plenum of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of the Bolsheviks entered the history of not only the party but also the country as a whole marking the beginning of large-scale state terror against all sectors of society.Tensions in the upper echelons of power inevitably shifted to the regional level.Events on the ground had to confirm the readiness of the regional leadership to implement the most stringent directives of the Center.This publication, based on an analysis of the transcript of the three-day Plenary Meeting of the West Siberian Regional Committee of the Party in the second half of March 1937 is designed to answer questions about how capable regional managers turned out to be.Considering the state of the party's organizations in the region, the level of educational and professional characteristics, the experience of the nomenclature's activity, the author concludes that the regional cadres were disoriented by the new requirements for the election of the party and Soviet bodies.The leader of the party R.I. Eiche, who could not overcome the inertia and routine of the positions of local leaders on key issues of party, state and economic activities, also experienced a state of nervousness and uncertainty.The debate on the relationship in the management work of the principles of professional competence and "Bolshevik vigilance" also remained unfinished.
In Drosophila polytene chromosomes, most late-replicating regions remain underreplicated. A loss-of-function mutant of the suppressor of underreplication [ Su(UR) ] gene suppresses underreplication (UR), whereas extra copies of this gene enhance the level and number of regions showing UR.

By combining DNA microarray analysis with manipulation of the number of Su(UR) gene copies, we achieved genomic-scale molecular identification of 1,036 genes that are arranged in clusters located in 52 UR chromosomal regions.

These regions overlap extensively (96%) but are not completely identical with late-replicating regions of mitotically dividing Kc cells in culture. Reanalysis of published gene expression profiles revealed that genomic regions defined by replication properties include clusters of coordinately expressed genes. Genomic regions that are UR in polytene chromosomes and late replicated in Kc cell chromosomes show a particularly common association with transcriptional territories that are expressed in testis/males but not ovary/females or embryos. An attractive hypothesis for future testing is that factors involved in replication control, such as SU(UR), may interact physically with those involved in epigenetic silencing of transcription territories.
The polymorphic fungus Candida albicans (C. albicans) can live as an aggressive pathogen and cause many diseases in hosts, for which no effective vaccine exists. The secreted aspartyl proteinase 2 (Sap2) plays a protective role in systemically infected BALB/c mice. Protective cellular immune responses can be preferentially induced when antigens are displayed on small particles. Therefore, the emphasis is placed on developing new phage vaccine to inhibit C. albicans infection. In this study, the ability of the hybrid phage displaying the epitope SLAQVKYTSASSI and recombinant protein of Sap2 (rSap2) for inducing immune protective responses against C. albicans infection was evaluated by lymphoproliferative assay, to gather cytokine and antibody measurements in BALB/c mice. Our results showed that, strong cellular and humoral immune responses were induced in a mouse model immunized with hybrid phage or rSap2. Furthermore, the protection against lethal challenge with C. albicans was observed in mice vaccinated hybrid phage without adjuvant. These findings demonstrate that the hybrid phage displaying the epitope SLAQVKYTSASSI might be a potential vaccine against C. albicans infections.
Ion motion in plasma wakefield accelerators can cause temporal increase of the longitudinal electric field shortly before the wave breaks.

The increase is caused by re-distribution of the wave energy in transverse direction

and may be important for correct interpretation of experimental results and acceleration of high-quality beams.
Broadband terahertz polarizers based on one-dimensional metal grids on carrying thin-film polymeric substrates of different thicknesses were manufactured by photolithography and investigated with terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS).

Polarizers patterned on 4 µm polypropylene (PP) showed the best maximum power transmission >98%. Two 4-μm-PP polarizers assembled as a tandem structure exhibited minimum power transmission 10000:1 which exceeded the dynamic range of THz-TDS. The developed polarizers were used to investigate polarization characteristics of the THz-TDS system.
Фотовозбуждение молекул сопровождается рядом быстропротекающих процессов, таких как внутримолекулярное перераспределение колебательной энергии, внутренняя конверсия (переход между электронными состояниями) и диссоциация.Эти процессы часто происходят на временах порядка пикосекунд и короче, поэтому для детального их исследования требуется фемтосекундное разрешение.Большой интерес представляет исследование фотопроцессов, протекающих в молекулах, содержащих амино-и замещенные ами-ногруппы, которые входят в состав большого количества молекул, представляющих практический интерес, таких как аминокислоты, органические красители и т. д.

В качестве модельной системы мы выбрали молекулу триэтиламина (ТЭА).

Целью настоящей работы было исследование внутримолекулярных процессов перераспределения энергии
Organization of a cloud of micro-droplets of condensate into an ordered hexagonal structure levitating over a heated layer of liquid (the so called micro-droplet cluster) has been observed in several recent experimental works, however the nature of this phenomenon is still not completely understood.

In the present paper the micro-droplet cluster is studied on a test section with relatively large heating area, under the condition when the liquid layer ruptures and dry spots form on the heater.

It has been found, that the micro-droplets can levitate not only over the heated liquid surface, but also over a dry surface of the heater, following the rupture of the liquid layer. The micro-droplets can move over the dry surface as far as 3 mm away from the contact line, and can exist for up to 3.5 seconds after the rupture.
This search focuses on the range $15\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}\ensuremath{\le}{m}_{a}\ensuremath{\le}30\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$, where the decay products are collimated; it is complementary to a previous search in the same final state targeting the range $20\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}\ensuremath{\le}{m}_{a}\ensuremath{\le}60\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$, where the decay products are well separated.

This paper describes a search for beyond the Standard Model decays of the Higgs boson into a pair of new spin-0 particles subsequently decaying into $b$-quark pairs, $H\ensuremath{\rightarrow}aa\ensuremath{\rightarrow}(b\overline{b})(b\overline{b})$, using proton-proton collision data collected by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider at center-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s}=13\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}$. A novel strategy for the identification of the $a\ensuremath{\rightarrow}b\overline{b}$ decays is deployed to enhance the efficiency for topologies with small separation angles. The search is performed with $36\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of integrated luminosity collected in 2015 and 2016.

sets upper limits on the production cross section of $H\ensuremath{\rightarrow}aa\ensuremath{\rightarrow}(b\overline{b})(b\overline{b})$, where the Higgs boson is produced in association with a $Z$ boson.