Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
The evolution of the electron escape probability from p -GaAs(Cs, O) to vacuum was measured under the transition from the state of negative to the state of positive electron affinity. The transition was induced by the deposition of excess cesium or oxygen on the p -GaAs(Cs, O) surface activated to the state of negative electron affinity. Under deposition of excess cesium, the escape probability was significantly lower as compared to excess oxygen, presumably, due to reflection and scattering of electrons on two-dimensional cesium metal clusters. Under Cs-induced transition, at positive values of affinity, a new peak was observed below the band gap in the photoemission quantum yield spectra. The peak stems, presumably, from: (i) the effective capture of sub-bandgap light in the structure, which consists of the heavily doped p + -GaAs epilayer grown on the semi-insulating GaAs substrate, due to diffuse backside reflection from the rough back surface of the substrate; (ii) absorption of the captured light near the emitting p + -GaAs surface due to the Franz-Keldysh effect in the strong surface electric field; (iii) emission of the electrons generated near the surface.
Precision measurements of the heat capacity of thulium 1-2-3 cuprate with oxygen concentrations x=6.92 and x=6.7 are made in the temperature range 6–300 K. After the lattice components of the heat capacity of the samples are subtracted off, a comparison of the results makes it possible to determine the contribution to the heat capacity due to the formation of the pseudogap phase for the sample with x=6.7. The temperature dependence of this contribution has an anomaly near the boundary of the transition from the pseudogap phase to the normal metallic phase. The experimental results correlate with the theoretical ideas about the rearrangement of the electronic structure upon the transition of the system to the pseudogap phase region.
Ring chromosome 18 is a rare chromosomal disorders that usually originate de novo and correlate with clinical manifestation: developmental delay as well as microcephaly, brain and ocular malformations, hypotonia and skeletal abnormalities.

We generate iPSC clonal cell line ICGi024-A with pluripotency properties which were demonstrated in vitro by three germ layer differentiation capacity.

ICGi024-A can be used for disease modeling and fundamental investigation of ring chromosome instability.
Cycle sets are known to give non-degenerate unitary solutions of the Yang--Baxter equation and linear cycle sets are enriched versions of these algebraic systems.

The paper explores the recently developed cohomology and extension theory for linear cycle sets. We derive a four term exact sequence relating 1-cocycles, second cohomology and certain groups of automorphisms arising from central extensions of linear cycle sets.

This is an analogue of a similar exact sequence for group extensions known due to Wells. We also compare the exact sequence for linear cycle sets with that for their underlying abelian groups and discuss generalities on dynamical 2-cocycles.
In this work we describe simulation and experimental studies of the possible reasons for the observed increase of the maximum gain in multi-GEM devices.

Two main hypotheses are analyzed: first, a diffusion-dominated charge spread reducing the density in individual holes, acting as independent amplifiers and therefore an increase of the discharge limit with the number of cascaded electrodes; second, the possibility that total avalanche charge before transition to a discharge (Raether limit) strongly depends on the field value

and is therefore much higher in cascaded than in single-stage systems.
In the present work, a combined method is considered for the production of a metal-matrix composite coating based on Ni and B4C.

The coating is created by consistently applied methods: cold spray and laser cladding. Main focus of this work aimed to microstructure of coatings, element content and morphology of laser tracks. At this stage, the authors focused on the interaction of the laser unit with the substance without affecting the layer-growing technology products.

It is shown that coating has deformed particles of nickel and the significantly decreased content of ceramic particles B4C after cold spray. After laser cladding there are no boundaries between nickel and dramatically changes in ceramic particles.
The article analyzes key parameters (age, terms of office, ranks according to the "Table of Ranks", education, ratio of the military to civilians) of the top-level managers in Siberia from the early 19th to 1917.A total of 214 administrators became heads of provinces and "oblasts" in the region during the period from 1822 to the February revolution.Most of them were Major Generals and Active State Councillors (68 % of the total number).After M.M. Speransky's inspection of Siberia no cases of total corruption were registered among the Siberian governors, due to the gendarme supervision, strict control of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, establishment of operational communications with governmental structures, inspections.Almost all heads of territorial and administrative units of Asian Russia were aged between 50 and 55.The share of the military reduced; the majority of the future heads of territories were educated at the civilian institutions of higher education, for the most part at the universities.With few exceptions, most of them were Orthodox Christians, married, nobles with small or no estates, for whom the fixed official salaries were major source of income.In the extreme situation (revolution of 1905-1907) the officials lost "PR campaigns" to the opposition and revolutionary elements.By 1917, the personnel policy concerning the regional top officials had begun to falter.
The article discusses the regulations governing climate policies of countries. The fundamental differences between agreements with the aim of reducing environmental degradation are described. Since CO2 emissions are determined by the volume of energy consumption, the article presents an analysis of energy consumption in the context of macroregions
We consider a model nondispersive nonlinear optical fiber channel with additive Gaussian noise at large SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) in the intermediate power region. Using Feynman path-integral technique we find the optimal input signal distribution maximizing the channel's per-sample mutual information. The finding of the optimal input signal distribution allows us to improve previously known estimates for the channel capacity. We show that in the intermediate power regime the per-sample mutual information for the optimal input signal distribution is greater than the per-sample mutual information for the Gaussian and half-Gaussian input signal distributions.
Hearing loss (HL) is one of the most common sensorineural disorders and several dozen genes contribute to its pathogenesis. Establishing a genetic diagnosis of HL is of great importance for clinical evaluation of deaf patients and for estimating recurrence risks for their families. Efforts to identify genes responsible for HL have been challenged by high genetic heterogeneity and different ethnic-specific prevalence of inherited deafness.

Here we present the utility of whole exome sequencing (WES) for identifying candidate causal variants for previously unexplained nonsyndromic HL of seven patients from four unrelated Altaian families (the Altai Republic, South Siberia). The WES analysis revealed homozygous missense mutations in three genes associated with HL. Mutation c.2168A>G (SLC26A4) was found in one family, a novel mutation c.1111G>C (OTOF) was revealed in another family, and mutation c.5254G>A (RAI1) was found in two families. Sanger sequencing was applied for screening of identified variants in an ethnically diverse cohort of other patients with HL (n = 116) and in Altaian controls (n = 120).

Identified variants were found only in patients of Altaian ethnicity (n = 93). Several lines of evidences support the association of homozygosity for discovered variants c.5254G>A (RAI1), c.1111C>G (OTOF), and c.2168A>G (SLC26A4) with HL in Altaian patients. Local prevalence of identified variants implies possible founder effect in significant number of HL cases in indigenous population of the Altai region. Notably, this is the first reported instance of patients with RAI1 missense mutation whose HL is not accompanied by specific traits typical for Smith-Magenis syndrome. Presumed association of RAI1 gene variant c.5254G>A with isolated HL needs to be proved by further experimental studies.
Recent experiments on the injection of kiloampere electron beams into a magnetized plasma at the GOL-PET facility have shown that the power of sub-terahertz radiation escaping from the plasma along the magnetic field increases by more than an order of magnitude if strong transverse density gradients are preliminarily created in the plasma.

In this paper, the influence of transverse in homogeneities of plasma density on the efficiency of electromagnetic radiation generation near the harmonics of the plasma frequency is studied using particle-in-cell simulations. Simulations performed for the real relative density of the beam and the real spatial scales of the in homogeneity show that the beam instability develops only in the density wells, and the small transverse size of its localization comparable with the wavelength contributes to a more efficient conversion of unstable oscillations into electromagnetic ones.

Despite the fact that radiation at the plasma frequency is blocked across the leading magnetic field, it can leave the generation region with the decrease of the plasma density in the longitudinal direction.
We study bottomonium production in association with an η meson in e⁺e⁻ annihilations near the Υ(5S), at a centre-of-mass energy of √s=10.866 GeV.

The results are based on the 121.4 fb⁻¹ data sample collected by the Belle experiment at the asymmetric-energy KEKB collider. Only the η meson is reconstructed and the missing-mass spectrum of η candidates is investigated.

We observe the e⁺e⁻→ηΥ_J(1D) process and find evidence for the e⁺e⁻→ηΥ(2S) process, while no significant signals of Υ(1S), h_b(1P), nor h_b(2P) are found. Cross sections for the studied processes are reported.
Synthetic photonic lattices provide unique capabilities to realize theoretical concepts emerging in different fields of wave physics via the utilization of powerful photonic technologies. Here we observe experimentally Anderson localization for optical pulses in time domain, using a photonic mesh lattice composed of coupled fiber loops. We introduce a random potential through programmed electro-optic pulse phase modulation, and identify the localization features associated with varying degree of disorder. Furthermore, we present a practical approach to control the band-gap width in photonic lattices by varying the coupling between the fiber loops, and reveal that the strongest degree of localization is limited and increases in lattices with wider band-gaps. Importantly, this opens a possibility to enhance or reduce the effect of disorder and associated localization of optical pulses.
A peculiar branch of biophotonics is a measurement, visualisation and quantitative analysis of infrared (IR) radiation emitted from living object surfaces. Focal plane array (FPA)-based IR cameras make it possible to realize in medicine the so called interventional infrared thermal diagnostics. An integrated technique aimed at the advancement of this new approach in biomedical science and practice is described in the paper. The assembled system includes a high-performance short-wave (2.45-3.05 μm) or long-wave (8-14 μm) IR camera, two laser Doppler flowmeters (LDF) and additional equipment and complementary facilities implementing the monitoring of human cardiovascular status. All these means operate synchronously. It is first ascertained the relationship between infrared thermography (IRT) and LDF data in humans in regard to their systemic cardiovascular reactivity. Blood supply real-time dynamics in a narcotized patient is first visualized and quantitatively represented during surgery in order to observe how the general hyperoxia influences thermoregulatory mechanisms; an abrupt increase in temperature of the upper limb is observed using IRT. It is outlined that the IRT-based integrated technique may act as a take-off runway leading to elaboration of informative new methods directly applicable to medicine and biomedical sciences.
Exclusive measurements of the quasifree pp→ppπ+π− reaction have been carried out at WASA@COSY by means of pd collisions at Tp=1.2 GeV. Total and differential cross sections have been extracted covering the energy region Tp=1.08–1.36 GeV, which is the region of N∗(1440) and Δ(1232)Δ(1232) resonance excitations. Calculations describing these excitations by t-channel meson exchange are at variance with the measured differential cross sections and underpredict substantially the experimental total cross section. An isotensor ΔN dibaryon resonance with I(JP)=2(1+) produced associatedly with a pion is able to overcome these deficiencies.Received 14 March 2018Revised 19 April 2018DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.052001© 2018 American Physical SocietyPhysics Subject Headings (PhySH)Research AreasParticle decaysParticle phenomenaParticle productionPhysical SystemsBaryonsHadronsParticles & FieldsNuclear Physics
Stability of the flute-like electrostatic Drift-Cyclotron Loss-Cone and Double-Humped modes in a mirror trap is critically revisited. The isotopic effect is taken into account as well as the anisotropy of warm ions used to stabilise these modes.
. We present the first 3-D model of seismic P and S velocities in the crust and uppermost mantle beneath the Gulf of Aqaba and surrounding areas based on the results of passive travel time tomography. The tomographic inversion was performed based on travel time data from ∼ 9000 regional earthquakes provided by the Egyptian National Seismological Network (ENSN), and this was complemented with data from the International Seismological Centre (ISC). The resulting P and S velocity patterns were generally consistent with each other at all depths. Beneath the northern part of the Red Sea, we observed a strong high-velocity anomaly with abrupt limits that coincide with the coastal lines. This finding may indicate the oceanic nature of the crust in the Red Sea, and it does not support the concept of gradual stretching of the continental crust. According to our results, in the middle and lower crust, the seismic anomalies beneath the Gulf of Aqaba seem to delineate a sinistral shift (∼ 100 km) in the opposite flanks of the fault zone, which is consistent with other estimates of the left-lateral displacement in the southern part of the Dead Sea Transform fault. However, no displacement structures were visible in the uppermost lithospheric mantle.
Background: According to current data, an effective Ebola virus vaccine should induce both humoral and T-cell immunity. In this work, we focused our efforts on methods for delivering artificial T-cell immunogen in the form of a DNA vaccine, using generation 4 polyamidoamine dendrimers (PAMAM G4) and a polyglucin:spermidine conjugate (PG). Methods: Optimal conditions were selected for obtaining complexes of previously developed DNA vaccines with cationic polymers. The sizes, mobility and surface charge of the complexes with PG and PAMAM 4G have been determined. The immunogenicity of the obtained vaccine constructs was investigated in BALB/c mice. Results: It was shown that packaging of DNA vaccine constructs both in the PG envelope and the PAMAM 4G envelope results in an increase in their immunogenicity as compared with the group of mice immunized with the of vector plasmid pcDNA3.1 (a negative control). The highest T-cell responses were shown in mice immunized with complexes of DNA vaccines with PG and these responses significantly exceeded those in the groups of animals immunized with both the combination of naked DNAs and the combination DNAs coated with PAMAM 4G. In the group of animals immunized with complexes of the DNA vaccines with PAMAM 4G, no statistical differences were found in the ability to induce T-cell responses, as compared with the group of mice immunized with the combination of naked DNAs. Conclusions: The PG conjugate can be considered as a promising and safe means to deliver DNA-based vaccines. The use of PAMAM requires further optimization.
In the paper we discuss a biomechanical model of microcirculation and transcapillary metabolism and present a mathematical model of metabolic processes occurring in microcirculation level. We conside the following interrelated processes: the flow of blood (a non-Newtonian fluid) in capillaries; filtration and reabsorption of fluid through the wall of the arterial capillary into the surrounding tissue and from this one back to the venous capillary; the movement of fluid in the interstices, the exchange of substances between the interstitial fluid and tissue cells, drainage into the lymphatic capillaries. Biological tissue is modeled as a porous, resilient, isotropic matrix or frame saturated with a fluid of the same type. It is believed that the liquid is contained in the pores of the matrix. The study of microcirculation allows you to better understand the complex interlinked processes of metabolism in the body, identify the causes of pathologies and suggest possible treatment interstitium.
The effect of colchicine on phenotypic classes ratio of the enzyme locus controlling alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH1) in sugar beet agamospermous progenies was analysed. The obtained data are indicative of the thing that colchicine causes polytenization of homological chromosome regions carrying marker locus Adh1 alleles. Theoretical calculation of the formation of egg cells frequencies and those of further development of cells entering embryogenesis without fertilization, also the diminution calculation of excessive chromosome regions carrying marker locus alleles have been made. The coincidence of theoretical and experimental ratios of phenotypic classes indicates the existence of post-meiotic apozygotic combinatory process in plants.
A search is presented for the four-body decay ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}pp\overline{p}\overline{p}$ in a sample of 471 million $B\overline{B}$ pairs collected with the BABAR detector, operated at the SLAC PEP-II asymmetric-energy ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collider. The center-of-mass energy is 10.58 GeV.

From a fit to the distribution of the energy-substituted mass ${m}_{\mathrm{ES}}$,

the branching fraction $\mathcal{B}({B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}pp\overline{p}\overline{p})=(1.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}7}$ is extracted, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. The significance of the signal, including the systematic uncertainty, is 2.9 standard deviations. The upper limit on the branching fraction is determined to be $2.0\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{-7}$ at 90% confidence level.
Objective and reliable noninvasive medical diagnostics of a large variety of diseases is still a dream.

As a step in the direction of realization, a spectroscopic breath study of cerebral palsy (CP) was performed. Principal component analysis revealed data clustering for a healthy group and CP individuals was observed, with a P ‐value below 10 −5 . Learning algorithms resulted in 91% accuracy in distinguishing the groups. With the help of manual analysis of absorption spectral features of breath samples, two volatile organic compounds were identified that demonstrate significant deviations in the groups. These represent two esters of propionic acid (PPAE). A transportation scheme was hypothesized that links the gut where propionic acid (PPA) and PPAE are produced, the brain of CP patients, through which PPA and PPAE transmit, and the lungs where PPAE releases.

The results show a possibility to detect one more brain‐related disorder via breath, in this case CP.
Objective: to study the effect of sleep duration on the 16-year risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in an open population of men aged 45–64 years living in Novosibirsk.

Patients and methods. In 2003–2005 during the IV screening (HAPIEE project), a representative sample of men aged 45–69 years (n=781; mean age – 56.48±0.2 years, response rate – 61%) was examined. A standard clinical and epidemiological examination was carried out: sleep duration was assessed using the Jenkins scale, the level of state-trait anxiety (STA) – using the Spielberger self-assessment scale, depression, life exhaustion, family and workplace stress – with MONICA-MOPSY scales. Social support was assessed with Berkman–Syme Social Network Index. The cohort was followed up for 16 years.

Conclusion. Short and very short sleep duration could be defined as a major risk factor of DM.
We describe the relationship between different parameters of the initial word and its image obtained by application of a uniform marked morphism. The functions described include the subword complexity, frequency of factors, and the recurrence function. The relations obtained for the image of a word can be used also for the image of a factorial language. Using induction, we give a full description of the involved functions of the fixed point of the morphism considered.
We search for the charmless ${B}^{0}$ decay with final state particles $p\overline{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ using the full data sample that contains $772\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1{0}^{6}B\overline{B}$ pairs collected at the $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}(4S)$ resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collider. This decay is predicted to proceed predominantly via the $b\ensuremath{\rightarrow}s\ensuremath{\gamma}$ radiative penguin process with a high energy photon. No significant signal is found. We set an upper limit of $6.5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1{0}^{\ensuremath{-}7}$ for the branching fraction of ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}p\overline{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ at the 90% confidence level.
The global miniaturization leads to microchannels flows be perspective for novel cooling technologies. The problem of the drag reduction occurs in such systems. The two-dimensional Poiseuille flow in microchannel with Navier slip condition is considered. The presence of bubbles with 1 μm size on hydrophobic parts on the bottom wall of the channel is assumed for the problem. The calculations of the liquid flow rate and velocity depending on the slip length at the bottom wall have been done.
Platelet lysate contained a wide range of bioactive molecules involved in cell proliferation, migration. The paper analyzes the possibility of using platelet lysate for the treatment of non-healing ulcers. The levels of bioactive molecules were determined by ELISA in platelet lysate. Efficacy of treatment with platelet lysate patients with diabetic foot ulcers, ulcers in patients with peripheral arterial disease and venous insufficiency were analyzed on wound surface area, total epithelialization. Twice injection of platelet lysate with an interval of 5-7 days possess to wound surface area closure on Day 180 at 96% in patients with diabetic foot ulcers, while in patients with peripheral arterial disease and venous insufficiency ulcers wound closure was less. Platelet lysate from patients with non-healing ulcers contained growth factor, cytokine, components of the extracellular matrix, and nitric oxide. Between levels of bioactive molecules in platelet lysate and outcome were found significant correlation. The obtained results indicate that platelet lysate possesses wound healing activity.