Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
The majority of Middle Paleolithic Caucasus archaeological sites are located in Southern Caucasus and along the Black Sea coast. In Northeastern Caucasus only a few exposed lithic assemblages were reported that demonstrate technical and typological characteristics typical for the Middle Paleolithic.

During the last decade more than 20 Paleolithic sites including several multilayered occupations in the Darvagchai and Rubas River basins have been discovered. The assemblages from Coastal Dagestan sites like Rubas-1 (layer 3), Darvagchai-zaliv-1 (complex 2), Chumus-Inic, Rubas-2–5 etc. should be associated with the Middle Paleolithic. Cultural bearing layers of the majority of the sites had been included in the pebble glomeration, dated to Late Khazar time (0,2–0,1 Ma). The techniques of parallel unifacial, radial and Levallois flaking are typical for the Middle Paleolithic complexes of Coastal Dagestan.

Comparison of Coastal Dagestan sites with other Caucasus Middle Paleolithic sites has revealed significant differences between them. However, during the early stages of occupations, Dagestan Middle Paleolithic sites share some similarities with the Zagros-Taurus Middle Paleolithic (together with South Caucasus sites). We conclude that the Dagestan Middle Paleolithic assemblages investigated represent a local variant of the Middle Eastern Middle Paleolithic.
The partition of graphs into "nice" subgraphs is a central algorithmic problem with strong ties to matching theory. We study the partitioning of undirected graphs into same‐size stars, a problem known to be NP‐complete even for the case of stars on three vertices.

We perform a thorough computational complexity study of the problem on subclasses of perfect graphs

and identify several polynomial‐time solvable cases, for example, on interval graphs and bipartite permutation graphs, and also NP‐complete cases, for example, on grid graphs and chordal graphs.
Currently, there are no efficacious, all-purpose antiviral medicines for the treatment of ocular surface infections caused by viruses. At the same time, type III interferons demonstrate high potency for histological barriers, such as the conjunctiva. Modification of protein molecules in native products can significantly improve their pharmacodynamic properties. Thus, it seems reasonable to develop antiviral medicines based on interferon lambda (IFN-λ1) and its pegylated form (PEG IFN-λ1). The aim of the study was to evaluate the in vitro cytotoxic effect of recombinant human IFN-λ1 and its pegylated form on Chang conjunctiva clone 1-5c-4 human conjunctival cells. Materials and methods: PEG IFN-λ1 was obtained by the electron beam immobilisation method. A normal human conjunctival cell line Chang conjunctiva clone 1-5c-4 was used for cell cultivation. The MTT test was used to assess the cytotoxic effect. Cell proliferative activity was studied by measuring microelectrode impedance. Ultrastructural changes were assessed by electron microscopy. Statistical processing was performed using the Statistica 10.0 software package. Results: IFN-λ1 (37 μg/mL) and PEG IFN-λ1 (42 μg/mL) had no significant cytotoxic effect on the human conjunctiva cell culture and the cell proliferative activity. The analysis of ultrastructural changes demonstrated that IFN-λ1 activated metabolic processes in the cells, and PEG IFN-λ1 promoted differentiation and keratinisation of epithelial cells and led to modification of the cell membrane. A ten-fold increase in IFN-λ1 and PEG IFN-λ1 concentration (to 370 μg/mL and 420 μg/mL, respectively) reduced the cell viability by 15–20% as compared to the intact control. Conclusions: the study results demonstrated that IFN-λ1 and PEG IFN-λ1 could be used as active pharmaceutical ingredients in the development of medicines for the treatment of conjunctival viral infections.
университет, Новосибирск, Россия ПОТОЧЕЧНАЯ ЗАПИСЬ ДЛИННЫХ ВБР ФЕМТОСЕКУНДНЫМ ИЗЛУЧЕНИЕМ ЧЕРЕЗ ПОЛИИМИДНУЮ ОБОЛОЧКУ

Представлены результаты записи длинных (до 90 мм) ВБР (волоконных брэгговских решеток) фемтосекундным излучением без удаления защитного покрытия методом протяжки световода через феррулу

Измерены чувствительности записанных ВБР к изменению температуры и деформации
The phenological synchrony between the emergence of overwintering herbivorous insects and the budding of host plants is considered a crucial factor in the population dynamics of herbivores. However, the mechanisms driving the interactions between the host plant, herbivores, and their pathogens are often obscure. In the current study, an artificially induced phenological asynchrony was used to investigate how the asynchrony between silver birch Betula pendula and gypsy moth Lymantria dispar affects the immunity of the insect to bacteria, its susceptibility to the entomopathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis , and the diversity in its midgut microbiota. The lysozyme‐like activity in both the midgut and hemolymph plasma and the nonspecific esterase activity and antimicrobial peptide gene expression in the midgut were studied in both noninfected and B. thuringiensis‐ infected larvae. Our results provide the first evidence that phenologically asynchronous larvae are less susceptible to B. thuringiensis infection than phenologically synchronous larvae, and our results show that these effects are related to the high basic levels and B. thuringiensis ‐induced levels of lysozyme‐like activities. Moreover, a 16S rRNA analysis revealed that dramatic decreases in the diversity of the larval gut bacterial consortia occurred under the effect of asynchrony. Larvae infected with B. thuringiensis presented decreased microbiota diversity if the larvae were reared synchronously with the host plant but not if they were reared asynchronously. Our study demonstrates the significant effect of phenological asynchrony on innate immunity‐mediated interactions between herbivores and entomopathogenic bacteria and highlights the role of nonpathogenic gut bacteria in these interactions.
Unlike the original optical scheme of the scanning flow cytometer that measures an angle‐resolved scattering corresponding in general to S 11 element of the light‐scattering matrix

We instrumentally, theoretically, and experimentally demonstrate a new approach for characterization of nonspherical individual particles from light scattering. The modernized instrument allows us to measure the polarized light‐scattering profile of individual particles simultaneously. Theoretically, the polarized profile is expressed by the combination of a few light‐scattering matrix elements. This approach supports us with additional independent data to characterize a particle with a complex shape and an internal structure.

Applicability of the new method was demonstrated from analysis of polymer bispheres. The bisphere characteristics, sizes, and refractive indices of each sphere composing the bisphere were successfully retrieved from the solution of the inverse light‐scattering problem. The solution provides determination of the Eulerian angles, which describe the orientation of the bispheres relative to the direction of the incident laser beam and detecting polarizer of the optical system. Both the ordinary and polarized profiles show a perfect agreement with T ‐matrix simulation resulting to 50‐nm precision for sizing of bispheres.
Plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC)-mediated protection against cytopathic virus infection involves various molecular, cellular, tissue-scale, and organism-scale events. In order to better understand such multiscale interactions, we have implemented a systems immunology approach focusing on the analysis of the structure, dynamics and operating principles of virus-host interactions which constrain the initial spread of the pathogen. Using high-resolution experimental data sets coming from the well-described mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) model, we first calibrated basic modules including MHV infection of its primary target cells, i.e. pDCs and macrophages (Mφs). These basic building blocks were used to generate and validate an integrative mathematical model for in vivo infection dynamics. Parameter estimation for the system indicated that on a per capita basis, one infected pDC secretes sufficient type I IFN to protect 103 to 104 Mφs from cytopathic viral infection. This extremely high protective capacity of pDCs secures the spleen's capability to function as a 'sink' for the virus produced in peripheral organs such as the liver. Furthermore, our results suggest that the pDC population in spleen ensures a robust protection against virus variants which substantially down-modulate IFN secretion. However, the ability of pDCs to protect against severe disease caused by virus variants exhibiting an enhanced liver tropism and higher replication rates appears to be rather limited. Taken together, this systems immunology analysis suggests that antiviral therapy against cytopathic viruses should primarily limit viral replication within peripheral target organs.
Composite solid electrolytes (1 − x)CsNO2-xND, where ND are nanodiamonds, including those after liquid-phase and gas-phase oxidation and reduction functionalization, were prepared, and their properties investigated by XRD, analysis of BET nitrogen adsorption isotherms, IR spectroscopy and impedance spectroscopy. The electrical conductivity of composites (1 − x)CsNO2-xND obeys the Arrhenius dependence and has a maximum at x = 0.95 regardless of the ND pretreatment. It was found that the conductivity depends on the mode of functionalization of the ND surface, as well as on the processing time. The electrical conductivity of composites with ND, processed by the gas-phase method, is 1.5–2.6 times higher than that of composites with initial ND, in which the conductivity is 2 orders of magnitude higher than that of pure cesium nitrate. Thus, the possibility of using ND as an effective heterogeneous additive for the preparation of composite solid electrolytes, including cesium nitrite, has been demonstrated for the first time.
Contemporary pragmatics seems to be a distinct area of investigation, bringing together different, often conflicting theories and putting them under the same name; this makes it difficult to develop pragmatics on the whole, as an integral part of linguistics. Presumably, the cause of it lies in an unreasonably high degree of abstractness that is characteristic of the investigative area outlined by the founders of semiotics, primarily by Charles Pierce and Charles Morris.

The paper elicits the questions concerning the borderlines of pragmatics, and analyzes some ways of resolving these questions. The paper suggests that pragmatics is one unified field, and the branches within it – as having stemmed from different strategies applied to specify the under-defined field. Each step of the way was began with conceiving some theoretical opacity, followed by posing the corresponding question, searching for an answer, and reaching the most appropriate solution. Since pragmatic phenomena are rather complicated, the process of further specification seems to be step-like. It presumably starts with primary questions about the borderlines, and then passes over to more specific notions and theories.

This means that considering the borderlines of pragmatics is inseparable from considering its scope; one cannot speak about the former without taking into account the latter because every scientific borderline is inevitably drawn along some conceptual traces of previous research. Therefore, the question about the scope is also important, but only as far as it is substantial for discussing the borderlines. No doubt, the scope of pragmatics needs a more detailed analysis; so, it is necessary to study the links between different research areas in pragmatics.
We describe a precise measurement of the ratio of the (e+ p) to (e− p) elastic scattering cross sections. This comparison is sensitive to the effect of two-photon exchange contributions which may be the cause for inconsistent extractions of the proton form factors obtained using different methods. The experiment was performed at storage ring VEPP–3, Novosibirsk at energies of positron/electron beams of 1.0 and 1.6 GeV with electron/positron scattering angles θ = 65÷105° for the first case and 15÷25° and 55÷75° for the second case. Details of the experiment and the preliminary results are presented.
Charm and charmonium physics have gained renewed interest in the past decade. Recent spectroscopic observations strongly motivate these studies. Among the several possible reactions, measurements in proton-antiproton annihilation play an important role, complementary to the studies performed at B-factories. The fixed target PANDA experiment at FAIR (Darmstadt, Germany) will investigate fundamental questions of hadron and nuclear physics in the interactions of antiprotons with nucleons and nuclei. With reaction rates as large as 2*10^7 interactions/s, and a mass resolution 20 times better as compared with the most recent B-factories, PANDA is in a privileged position to successfully perform the measurement of the width of narrow states, such as the X(3872). PANDA will investigate also high spin particles, whose observation was forbidden at B-factories, i.e. F-wave charmonium states. In this report extrapolations on cross sections and rates with PANDA are given.
The structure of confined vortex flow generated by a rotating lid in a closed container with polygonal cross-section geometry (eight, six and five angles) has been investigated numerically for different height/radius aspect ratios h from 3.0 to 4.5 and for Reynold numbers ranging from 1500 to 3000. The critical Reynolds numbers at which the flow becomes unsteady were determined numerically by STAR-CCM+ computational fluid dynamics software for pentagonal and hexagonal cross-section configurations. The obtained results were compared with the flow structure in the closed cylindrical container. The boundary of a nonstationarity in polygonal containers is found to shift to the region of smaller aspect ratio and smaller Reynolds numbers with a decrease in the number of angles in the cross-section of the container relative to the boundary in a cylindrical container. It is additionally established that the structure of the flow in the near-axis region remains similar to the vortex structure in the cylinder, therefore the shape of the container does not influence the near-axis region.
We study highly chirped analytical solutions of the cubic-quintic Ginzburg-Landau equation with the gain saturation. Based on the analysis, we propose the analytical method of estimating the stable generation area in a long fiber laser. The results allow us to predict the stable generation in long-cavity fiber lasers without performing full mathematical modeling.
In this paper we would like to present a fully probabilistic symmetric block ciphering algorithm that can work on a distributed computer system. This fact allows to multiply the amount of processed information, so the algorithm becomes applicable in BigData.
We present a new method to effectively select objects which may be low-mass active black holes (BHs) at galaxy centers using high-cadence optical imaging data, and our first spectroscopic identification of an active 2.7x10^6 Msun BH at z=0.164. This active BH was originally selected due to its rapid optical variability, from a few hours to a day, based on Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam~(HSC) g-band imaging data taken with 1-hour cadence. Broad and narrow H-alpha and many other emission lines are detected in our optical spectra taken with Subaru FOCAS, and the BH mass is measured via the broad H-alpha emission line width (1,880 km s^{-1}) and luminosity (4.2x10^{40} erg s^{-1}) after careful correction for the atmospheric absorption around 7,580-7,720A. We measure the Eddington ratio to be as low as 0.05, considerably smaller than those in a previous SDSS sample with similar BH mass and redshift, which indicates one of the strong potentials of our Subaru survey. The g-r color and morphology of the extended component indicate that the host galaxy is a star-forming galaxy. We also show effectiveness of our variability selection for low-mass active BHs.
We measure the branching fraction and time-dependent CP-violating asymmetry for B0→J/ψπ0 decays using a data sample of 711 fb−1 collected on the Υ(4S) resonance by the Belle experiment running at the KEKB e+e− collider. The branching fraction is measured to be B(B0→J/ψπ0)=[1.62±0.11(stat)±0.06(syst)]×10−5, which is the most precise measurement to date. The measured CP asymmetry parameters are S=−0.59±0.19(stat)±0.03(syst) and A=−0.15±0.14(stat)+0.04−0.03(syst). The mixing-induced CP asymmetry (S) differs from the case of no CP violation by 3.0 standard deviations, and the direct CP asymmetry (A) is consistent with zero.Received 29 September 2018DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.98.112008Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP3.Published by the American Physical SocietyPhysics Subject Headings (PhySH)CP violationPropertiesSymmetriesDiscrete symmetriesCP symmetryCP violationPhysical SystemsBottom mesonsPropertiesCP violationParticles & Fields
By numerical simulations with the semi-empirical model of detonation of bidisperse suspensions of microsized aluminum particles in channels were studied.

The influence of the particle size on the detonation regimes and is analyzed. Analysis of fields of maximum pressure to describe changes of the flow fields were done.

Restructuring of the flow field occurred within the saturation parameter near 40 – 50%. In bidisperse mixture of comparable size particles change of the flow fields didn`t occur.
In TAIGA Observatory (Tunka Advanced Instrument for cosmic ray physics and Gamma-ray Astronomy) we are commissioning the first Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescope (IACT). The telescope has an alt-azimuth mount and 17-bit shaft encoder for each axis, stepper motors are used for axis control. For the pointing calibration of the telescope a CCD-camera is installed on the dish of the telescope and its position allows to capture simultaneously both the Cherenkov camera with LEDs and the sky with observed source. Since October 2017, the telescope has been operating in tracking mode. In this work the TAIGAIACT telescope pointing calibration approach and first results of the tracking operations are described.
The article presents an overview of foreign and domestic studies aimed to study the role of elemental imbalance in the development of cardiovascular pathology. The pathogenetically significant mechanisms of the influence of diselementosis on the development of atherosclerotic changes in the walls of blood vessels are discussed. Particular attention is paid to such elements as iron, copper, zinc, selenium, cadmium.
A search for vectorlike quarks is presented, which targets their decay into a $Z$ boson and a third-generation Standard Model quark. In the case of a vectorlike quark $T$ ($B$) with charge $+2/3e$ ($\ensuremath{-}1/3e$), the decay searched for is $T\ensuremath{\rightarrow}Zt$ ($B\ensuremath{\rightarrow}Zb$). Data for this analysis were taken during 2015 and 2016 with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider and correspond to an integrated luminosity of $36.1\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}$. The final state used is characterized by the presence of $b$-tagged jets, as well as a $Z$ boson with high transverse momentum, which is reconstructed from a pair of opposite-sign same-flavor leptons. Pair and single production of vectorlike quarks are both taken into account and are each searched for using optimized dileptonic exclusive and trileptonic inclusive event selections. In these selections, the high scalar sum of jet transverse momenta, the presence of high-transverse-momentum large-radius jets, as well as---in the case of the single-production selections---the presence of forward jets are used. No significant excess over the background-only hypothesis is found and exclusion limits at 95% confidence level allow masses of vectorlike quarks of ${m}_{T}>1030\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$ (${m}_{T}>1210\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$) and ${m}_{B}>1010\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$ (${m}_{B}>1140\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$) in the singlet (doublet) model. In the case of 100% branching ratio for $T\ensuremath{\rightarrow}Zt$ ($B\ensuremath{\rightarrow}Zb$), the limits are ${m}_{T}>1340\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$ (${m}_{B}>1220\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$). Limits at 95% confidence level are also set on the coupling to Standard Model quarks for given vectorlike quark masses.
In the first part of the paper we revisit the well-known Lions — Magenes Trace Theorem (1961) and, naturally, extend regularity results for the trace and lift operators onto the anisotropic case. As a byproduct, we build a generalization of the Kruzhkov — Korolev Trace Theorem for the first-order Sobolev Spaces (1985).

In the second part of the paper we observe the nonhomogeneous Dirichlet, Neumann, and Robin problems for p-elliptic equations. The well-posedness theory for these problems can be successfully constructed using isotropic theory, and the corresponding results are outlined in the paper.

Clearly, in such a unilateral approach, the anisotropic features are ignored and the results are far beyond the critical regularity. In the paper, the refinement of the trace theorem is done by the constructed extension.
The interfacial wave structure of the liquid film in both upward and downward annular gas-liquid flows in an 11.7 mm pipe were investigated using the Brightness Based Laser Induced Fluorescence technique (BBLIF). Film thickness measurements were carried out with high spatial and temporal resolution between 330 and 430 mm from the inlet, where the properties of disturbance waves are almost stabilised. Using a tracking algorithm to detect disturbance waves, a full characterisation in terms of their velocity, frequency, longitudinal size and spacing was carried out. Direct comparison between both flow orientations while testing the same flow conditions shows that although the flow orientation does not affect the velocity of disturbance waves, the fraction of film surface occupied by the disturbance waves is smaller in upwards flow. Thus, more liquid travels in the base film in upwards flow, which is consistent with the base film thickness measurements. These observations, together with qualitatively different behaviour of ripple wave velocity in upwards and downwards flows, studied using 2D Fourier analysis, indicate that the role of gravity is much more important on the base film than on disturbance waves. This supposedly occurs due to a local decrease in the interfacial shear stress on the base film surface because of the resistance of the disturbance waves to the gas stream in upward flow.
A synthetic photonic lattice (SPL) is a re-configurable test-bed for studying the dynamics of one-dimensional mesh lattices including the photonic implementations of discrete time quantum walks. Unlike other realizations of photonic lattices, SPL possesses easy and fast control of lattice parameters. Here we consider disordered SPL where the coupling ratio between the two fiber loops realizing the lattice is random but does not change between the round trips. We obtain a new analytical result for the localization length (inverse Lyapunov exponent) for a practical case of weak coupling disorder. We also numerically study the dynamics of the pulse train circulating within the loops and observe that despite delocalization transition at the band center the pulse spreading is arrested even at small values of the disorder.
The evolution of density and metric perturbations over a background with high-frequency oscillating curvature in $f(R)$ gravity is considered. In addition to the usual Jeans-like instability new effects of the amplification of perturbations, associated with parametric resonance and antifriction phenomena, are found.