Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
During the COVID-19 pandemic, Small and medium-sized enterprises have been significantly affected. Domestic measures of state support, including tax incentives, have become an important support factor. The corresponding Resolution provided for the expansion of opportunities to support the implementation of regional support measures. We found that the choice of a model of behavior by the regional authorities in our case depended on the level of favorable regional environment for the development of SMEs, as well as the level of diversification of regional production. We carried out an initial comparison of the consequences of the implementation of different support models in three similar regions and predicted the impact of the implemented regional support model on the future development of SMEs. The costs of the region for additional support measures, calculated as the lost budget income, in terms of one employee employed in medium and small businesses, turned out to be very insignificant. We draw a conclusion about the high economic and political efficiency of support measures associated with reducing the tax burden. It can be said that the regions that did not expand the support measures provided for by Resolution № 409 at the expense of the regional package missed the chance to convert small funds in support of the population.
Chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (CIDNP) has emerged as a highly informative method to study spin-dependent radical reactions by analyzing enhanced NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) signals of their diamagnetic reaction products. In this way, one can probe the structure of elusive radical intermediates and determine their magnetic parameters.

A careful examination of experimental CIDNP data at variable magnetic fields shows that formation of hyperpolarized molecules in a coherent state is a ubiquitous though rarely discussed phenomenon. The presence of nuclear spin coherences commonly leads to subsequent polarization transfer among coupled spins in the diamagnetic products of radical recombination reaction that must be taken into account when analyzing the results of CIDNP experiments at low magnetic field. Moreover, such coherent polarization transfer can be efficiently exploited to polarize spins, which do not acquire CIDNP directly. Here we explain under what conditions such coherences can be generated, focusing on the key role of level anti-crossings in coherent polarization transfer, and provide experimental approaches to probing nuclear spin coherences and their time evolution.

We illustrate the theoretical consideration of the outlined coherent spin phenomena in CIDNP by examples, obtained for the dipeptide tryptophan–tryptophan.
The first data on P-T metamorphic conditions coupled with U-Pb monazite and zircon age obtained for the Neoarchean Kitoy granulite-gneiss terrane (SW Siberian Craton).

Alumina gneisses of the Kitoy terrane indicate two-staged metamorphic evolution. The first stage of regional metamorphism (M1) occurred at high-amphibolite facies conditions at T = 780–800 °C and P = 8–9 kbar. The second stage (M2) belongs to MT-HT/LP type of metamorphism with the wide temperature interval 600–750 °C and pressure 2–4 kbar. Two age peaks were established on the basis of U-Pb monazite and zircon dating in garnet-anthophyllite gneisses.

Both of them correspond to the Neoarchean age: the age of M1 falls into the interval of ca. 2489–2496 Ma, the age of M2 – ca. 2446–2456 Ma. The high-temperature metamorphism of the Kitoy block and nearly coeval granitoid magmatism can be an evidence for the Neoarchean collision in SW Siberian craton.
Background To secure pH homeostasis, the central respiratory network must permanently adapt its rhythmic motor drive to environment and behaviour. In neonates, it is commonly admitted that the retrotrapezoid/parafacial respiratory group of neurons of the ventral medulla plays the primary role in the respiratory response to acidosis, although the serotonergic system may also contribute to this response.

Methodology/Principal Findings Using en bloc medullary preparations from neonatal mice, we have shown for the first time that the respiratory response to acidosis is abolished after pre-treatment with the serotonin-transporter blocker fluoxetine (25–50 µM, 20 min), a commonly used antidepressant. Using mRNA in situ hybridization and immunohistology, we have also shown the expression of the serotonin transporter mRNA and serotonin-containing neurons in the vicinity of the RTN/pFRG of neonatal mice.

Conclusions These results reveal that the serotonergic system plays a pivotal role in pH homeostasis. Although obtained in vitro in neonatal mice, they suggest that drugs targeting the serotonergic system should be used with caution in infants, pregnant women and breastfeeding mothers.
The transition from laminar to turbulent fluid motion occurring at large Reynolds numbers is generally associated with the instability of the laminar flow. On the other hand, since the turbulent flow characteristically appears in the form of spatially localized structures (e.g., eddies) filling the flow field, a tendency to occupy such a structured state of the flow cannot be ruled out as a driving force for turbulent transition. To examine this possibility, we propose a simple analytical model that treats the flow as a collection of localized spatial structures, each of which consists of elementary cells in which the behavior of the particles (atoms or molecules) is uncorrelated. This allows us to introduce the Reynolds number, associating it with the ratio between the total phase volume for the system and that for the elementary cell. Using the principle of maximum entropy to calculate the most probable size distribution of the localized structures, we show that as the Reynolds number increases, the elementary cells group into the localized structures, which successfully explains turbulent transition and some other general properties of turbulent flows. An important feature of the present model is that a bridge between the spatial-statistical description of the flow and hydrodynamic equations is established. We show that the basic assumptions underlying the model, i.e., that the particles are indistinguishable and elementary volumes of phase space exist in which the state of the particles is uncertain, are involved in the derivation of the Navier-Stokes equation. Taking into account that the model captures essential features of turbulent flows, this suggests that the driving force for the turbulent transition is basically the same as in the present model, i.e., the tendency of the system to occupy a statistically dominant state plays a key role. The instability of the flow at high Reynolds numbers can then be a mechanism to initiate structural rearrangement of the flow to find this state.
The study of an intermediate mass Higgs boson, via the process gamma-gamma -> H -> bbbar from an initiallypolarized J_z = 0 state, has been advocated as an important feasible goal of a future photon linear collider. The crucial argument was the m_b^2/s suppression of the background process gamma-gamma (J_z = 0) -> bbbar.

We critically review the contribution of the radiative background processes (in which the m_b^2/s suppression is absent) to the quasi-two-jet-like events with at least one, but preferably two, tagged energetic b jets. Within a complete study of the radiative processes, we find that a sizeable background contribution can come from the helicity-violating gamma-gamma (J_z = 0) -> bbbar process accompanied by soft gluon emission. These latter radiative corrections contain a new type of double logarithmic (DL) terms. We clarify the physical nature of these novel DL corrections.

Despite the fact that the one-loop DL terms are comparable or even larger than the Born term, fortunately we find that the calculation of the cross section in the two-loop approximation is sufficient for a reliable evaluation of the background to the Higgs signal.
As far as the authors are aware, at present there is no specialized database on negative ions in the scientific literature and Internet.

The purpose of the work is to expand the electronic database "Electronic structure of atoms" with the information on the negative ions of various chemical elements. The collection and analysis of information on atomic systems can be represented in a tabular or graphical representation.

It is convenient to have accurate and extensive data on the spectra of elements in the form of tables, while the graphical form is good for cognitive understanding of the electronic structure of atomic systems.
We study numerically the properties of (statistically) homogeneous soliton gas depending on soliton density (proportional to number of solitons per unit length) and soliton velocities, in the framework of the focusing one-dimensional Nonlinear Schr{"o}dinger (NLS) equation.

In order to model such gas we use N-soliton solutions (N-SS) with $N\sim 100$, which we generate with specific implementation of the dressing method combined with 100-digits arithmetics. We examine the major statistical characteristics, in particular the kinetic and potential energies, the kurtosis, the wave-action spectrum and the probability density function (PDF) of wave intensity.

We show that in the case of small soliton density the kinetic and potential energies, as well as the kurtosis, are very well described by the analytical relations derived without taking into account soliton interactions. With increasing soliton density and velocities, soliton interactions enhance, and we observe increasing deviations from these relations leading to increased absolute values for all of these three characteristics. The wave-action spectrum is smooth, decays close to exponentially at large wavenumbers and widens with increasing soliton density and velocities. The PDF of wave intensity deviates from the exponential (Rayleigh) PDF drastically for rarefied soliton gas, transforming much closer to it at densities corresponding to essential interaction between the solitons. Rogue waves emerging in soliton gas are multi-soliton collisions, and yet some of them have spatial profiles very similar to those of the Peregrine solutions of different orders. We present example of three-soliton collision, for which even the temporal behavior of the maximal amplitude is very well approximated by the Peregrine solution of the second order.
Major adverse cardiovascular events are closely associated with 24-hour blood pressure (BP).

We determined outcome-driven thresholds for 24-hour mean arterial pressure (MAP), a BP index estimated by oscillometric devices. We assessed the association of major adverse cardiovascular events with 24-hour MAP, systolic BP (SBP), and diastolic BP (DBP) in a population-based cohort (n=11 596). Statistics included multivariable Cox regression and the generalized R
We present a measurement of form-factor-independent angular observables in the decay ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{*}(892{)}^{0}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$. The analysis is based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $1.0\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, collected by the LHCb experiment in $pp$ collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV. Four observables are measured in six bins of the dimuon invariant mass squared ${q}^{2}$ in the range $0.1<{q}^{2}<19.0\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{GeV}}^{2}/{c}^{4}$. Agreement with recent theoretical predictions of the standard model is found for 23 of the 24 measurements. A local discrepancy, corresponding to 3.7 Gaussian standard deviations is observed in one ${q}^{2}$ bin for one of the observables. Considering the 24 measurements as independent, the probability to observe such a discrepancy, or larger, in one is 0.5%.
The results of field experiments show that acoustic noise can be used to diagnose the technical state of pipeline supports. The accumulating amplitude spectra of acoustic noise recorded on the pipe surface, allows you to determine frequency and shape of flexural standing waves formed in it. A sharp increase of number of such waves in the studied frequency range and the appearance of antinodes at the pipe fixing points indicate a possible instability of the investigated section of the pipeline.
The importance of the study is due to the increasing role of the public pages of “VKontakte” in making daily agenda, in particular, related to urban life. New practices of “network communication” are the result of the development of the information infrastructure of the modern city-dwellers. The article “includes” urban and rural public pages to the current research agenda. It shows what place this phenomenon occupies on the conditional media map. The outcomes of the research contain identifying their prevalence in Novosibirsk and presenting quantitative indicators of audience in the most popular social network in Siberia. The article discusses, which theory is most suitable and effective regarding this “platformed” manifestation of sociality and what research topics may be covered by a more detailed analysis of these unorganized local media practices, reflecting social, including political, reality.
We experimentally study spatio-temporal generation of extreme events in the radiation of NPE mode-locked fibre laser generating noise-like pulses. We show that new pulses starts from high-intensity spatio-temporal structure which consist of mainly 3 subsequent pulses which are both separated over fast and slow evolution time. Statistical analysis of the noise-like pulse evolution over round-trips shows that the pulse width and intensity varies with a period of around 85 round-trips which does not change from pulse to pulse. The intensity probability density function has a heavy tail originated only from events of pulse formation.
To perform comparative analysis of the results of surgical treatment of patients with intervertebral disc herniation of different age groups.

The results of treatment of 2,448 patients (1,307 men and 1,141 women) with lumbar intervertebral disc herniation were analyzed. Out of them, 393 (16 %) people were elderly and senile patients with a mean age of 66 years. Evaluation of the treatment results in patients with herniated intervertebral discs was carried out in two groups: Group I – young and middle-aged patients; and Group II – elderly and senile patients. Mandatory preoperative evaluation included clinical and neurological examination, radiation diagnostic methods (X-ray, CT, CT-myelography, MRI), and survey using scales and questionnaires (VAS, ODI, CCI).

No difference was found between the clinical outcomes of surgical treatment of herniated intervertebral discs in patients of different age groups during a 5-year follow-up period. Elderly and senile age is a predictor of a higher frequency of early and intraoperative complications, an increase in the surgery duration and in the volume of intraoperative blood loss. Obesity and concomitant somatic pathology do not affect the clinical outcomes of surgical treatment and the cumulative index of repeated operations in patients with herniated discs of the lumbar spine.
К ВОПРОСУ ОБ АКСИОЛОГИЧЕСКОМ АСПЕКТЕ ПСИХОЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКОГО МЕТОДАКузьмина Мария Александровна
The article considers the results of the Russian universities’ and scientific institutions’ activities on the intellectual property market in Russia and abroad. The authors provide the various statistic data for complete and accurate analysis of the functioning of Russian universities and scientific institution as the subjects of intellectual property. The analysis of international experience shows that by the beginning of the XXI century, the intellectual property as a commercial product becomes the determining factor in the world leadership. However, Russia has a modest position on this market.

The article examines the current factors influencing the educational and scientific institutions’ activities on the formation and replication of intellectual property, and identifies the scientific and educational institutions’ potential opportunities to develop the international intellectual property market.

The intellectual products which have a considerable potential are not promoted on the market, therefore they do not manage to be competitive. The article makes the case for developing methods and means that will stimulate the creation and promotion of existing and future intellectual products on the market. In conclusion, the article outlines the main areas of work for the development of intellectual property market in the Russian Federation to overcome the monopoly of Western countries and China on the scientific production and high technologies market.
Among the most interesting predictions in two-dimensional materials with a Dirac cone is the existence of the zeroth Landau level (LL), equally filled by electrons and holes with opposite chirality. The gapless edge states with helical spin structure emerge from Zeeman splitting at the LL filling factor $\nu=0$ gapped quantum Hall state. We present observations of a giant nonlocal four-terminal transport in zero-gap HgTe quantum wells at the $\nu=0$ quantum Hall state. Our experiment clearly demonstrates the existence of the robust helical edge state in a system with single valley Dirac cone materials.
Throughout the world, bioenergy crops are grown to replace fossil resources and reduce greenhouse gas emission. Miscanthus is one of the bioenergetic plants that is widely cultivated in countries with optimal hydrothermal conditions. There is little research on the specifics of Miscanthus spp. cultivation in the continental climate.

The aim of the study was a preliminary assessment of the possibility of Miscanthus cultivation in Siberia. The production process of Miscanthus sacchariflorus cv. Soranovsky (The State Register of Breeding Achievements, patent No. 6931 dated 06/06/2013) was assessed under conditions of the Central Forest-Steppe of Novosibirsk Ob (Novosibirsk Province, agro-gray soil, the experimental base of the Siberian Research Institute of Plant Cultivation and Breeding). During the formation of Miscanthus long-term stands (1-4 years), the aboveground biomass averaged 13 t/ha, the belowground biomass 17 t/ha. The total N, P and K removal with biomass of stems and leaves was 51, 6, and 49 kg/ha, and with stems it was only 23, 3, and 26 kg/ha, respectively. Accumulation of N, P and K in the belowground biomass was 130, 10, and 126 kg/ha, respectively.

Therefore, our experiment did not show any depletion of biophilic elements in soil during a four-year growth of miscanthus. Rough estimates have shown the presence of objective prerequisites for the atmospheric carbon sequestration in the fractions of the soil organic matter. During the first year of Miscanthus vegetation, at least 300 kg/ha of carbon accumulated in the mobile fractions of the soil organic matter; an increase in the C/N ratio in the belowground biomass of Miscanthus up to 74 vs. 20 in the initial soil was accompanied by a significant decrease in the mineralization rate of newly incoming plant residues. The parameters of the production process of Miscanthus sacchariflorus cv. Soranovsky on agro-gray soil in the Central Forest-Steppe of Novosibirsk Ob region correspond to the growth characteristics of M. sacchariflorus cultivated in other regions of the world on different soil types. We conclude that cultivation of M. sacchariflorus in Siberia is ecologically and commercially reasonable.
Catalytic depolymerization of birch-wood organosolv lignin was studied in supercritical ethanol at 260 ºC.

Three different acid-basic materials namely sepiolite, zeolite ZSM-5 supported on Al 2 O 3 and Sibunit graphite-like mesoporous carbon promoted via oxidation were tested as catalysts. Moreover, Ru-containing catalysts based on these supports were studied.

Among the catalysts without ruthenium, Sibunit matherial was found to produce highest yield of liquid products due to the highest amount of surface acid sites. Precipitating Ru significantly increases the activity of all three supports. Using Ru-containingSibunit catalyst in lignin depolymerization process allows to avoid coke formation, increases the amount of aromatic monomers and the total yield of liquid products up to 76 %. The yield obtained in best catalytic experiment is more then twice higher compared to the process without any catalyst.
It is shown that the mechanism of the gas molecules transfer through the lipid bilayer can be connected with the kink-solitons. They are appeared in the lipid bilayer as a result of structural changes in biomembranes. The analytical model describing the behavior of kink-solitons in the finite hydrocarbon chain is presented. The kink-solitons are formed during the folding of the erythrocyte as it moves along the microcapillaries. The equation of the kink-soliton motion is derived. This equation is numerically solved. It is shown that kink-solitons can appear in both saturated and unsaturated alkyl chains. In unsaturated chains, the soliton is "smeared out," CH2−groups vibrate around C=C bonds with a significant amplitude, taking away part of the soliton's energy. The transport of gas molecules by kink-solitons in unsaturated chains is hindered in comparison with saturated hydrocarbon chains. When the mechanical stress field changes, a sharp change in membrane permeability occurs.
Proton nuclear magnetic resonance is a type of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), which is widely used to detect hydrogen containing liquids, like water or hydrocarbons.

The use of the Earth's magnetic field allows remote detection of fluids sub surface without generating an independent magnetic field that is expensive and complex enough to apply. An important feature of NMR in the Earth's field is that the signals produced by snow and ice are generally unobservable under experimental conditions created for liquid water prospecting.

The characteristics of the RF response are associated with the molecular environment of the nuclei. This allows detecting NMR signals of water in pores of various size.
In RYDMR, magnetic resonance spectra of radical pairs (RPs) are indirectly detected by monitoring their recombination yield. Such a detection method is significantly more sensitive than conventional electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), but design of appropriate pulse sequences for RYDMR requires additional effort because of a different observable.

In this work various schemes for generating spin-echo like signals and detecting them by RYDMR are treated. Specifically, we consider refocusing of zero-quantum coherences (ZQCs) and single-quantum coherences (SQCs) by selective as well as by non-selective pulses and formulate a general analytical approach to pulsed RYDMR, which makes an efficient use of the product operator formalism.

We anticipate that these results are of importance for RYDMR studies of elusive paramagnetic particles, notably, in organic semiconductors.