Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
The high pressure limit of equilibrium in linear traps corresponds to the diamagnetic reduction of the confining field and the corresponding increase in the volume of flux tubes. In the gas-dynamic regime the axial losses from a flux tube are proportional to its cross-section in the mirror throat. Thus, the axial confinement time, which is proportional to the ratio of the flux-tube volume to its cross-section in the mirror throat, can grow significantly in the high-pressure limit.

In this paper the numerical model of the axially symmetric equilibrium based on the coupled Grad-Shafranov and transport equations is presented.

The results are in good agreement with the earlier analytical model [A.D. Beklemishev et al., Fusion Sci. Technol. 63(1T), 46 (2013)].
This work is focused on the characterization of a novel vanadium pentoxide catalysts on a glass-fiber support. The catalyst support consists of a non-porous glass-fiber fabric covered with an additional external surface layer of porous secondary support of SiO 2 . The vanadia active component is synthesized from vanadyl oxalate precursor by means of an impulse surface thermo-synthesis method. Such catalysts demonstrate high activity and appropriate selectivity in the reaction of H2S oxidation by oxygen into sulfur in the practically important temperature range below 200°C. According to the characterization data, the freshly prepared vanadia catalyst partially consists of mostly the amorphous and badly ordered vanadia with some part of the wellcrystallized V 2 O5 phase. Under the reaction conditions the main part of vanadia in the catalyst remains in the amorphous V 2 O 5 form, while the less part becomes reduces into of VO 2 and other vanadium oxides (such as VO, V 2 O 3 V 3 O 7 and V 4 O 9 ). Most probably, the crystallized V 2 O 5 in course of reaction is responsible for the deep oxidation of hydrogen sulphide into SO 2 , while the lower vanadium oxides promote the selective H2S oxidation into elemental sulfur.
We present the first comprehensive data for the early Ediacaran stage of evolution of the western active continental margin of the Siberian Craton (Yenisei Ridge).

U-Pb (SHRIMP-II SIMS) data for zircons from dikes of picrodolerites, quartz diorites, and leucocratic granites show that they were emplaced at 625 ± 5, 623 ± 8, and 626 ± 5 Ma, respectively, which indicates a narrow time window of Ediacaran magmatic events. The mafic tholeiitic rocks have OIB and E-MORB mantle components in their magmatic sources. Mineralogical and geochemical observations showed that the mantle-sourced mafic melts assimilated some crustal material, forming Th-enriched dikes of intermediate composition and K- and Rb-enriched felsic rocks.

The possible geodynamic conditions for the formation of these early Ediacaran dikes are shown and a geodynamic model is presented for the development of the Yenisei Ridge orogen from the late Cryogenian to the late Ediacaran.
The paper presents first results of investigations on processes take place in expander of mirror trap where sub-fusion plasma is confined.

It is shown that plasma parameters remain constant at magnetic field expansion ratio decreasing down to K = 30.

Potential drop in Debye layer near the end plate for expansion ratios K > 30 appeared to be much lower than electron temperature in the center of the mirror as well as characteristic energy of electrons trapped in the expander region.
Studying Parkinson's disease (PD), one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders worldwide, requires different model systems, including patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cell lines.

With the help of non-integrating episomal vectors the iPSC lines ICGi015-A and ICGi015-B were generated from blood mononuclear cells of PD patient, carrying three SNPs, associated with PD development. The obtained iPSC lines express pluripotency markers and demonstrate the ability to in vitro differentiate into the three germ layers.

These cell lines may be useful for studying molecular mechanisms of PD and for drug screening.
МУЛЬТИФОКАЛЬНЫЙ АТЕРОСКЛЕРОЗ У БОЛЬНЫХ ИШЕМИЧЕСКОЙ БОЛЕЗНЬЮ СЕРДЦА РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ВОЗРАСТНЫХ ГРУПП. КЛИНИКО-ГЕМОДИНАМИЧЕСКИЕ ПАРАЛЛЕЛИД. А. Яхонтов 1 , Ю
Previous studies indicated that tumor-specific alternative splicing is important in the regulation of gene expression and corresponding protein functions during cancer development. Multiple alternative splicing transcripts have been identified as progression markers, including generalized splicing abnormalities and tumor- and stage-specific events.

Here we present the analysis of alternative splicing events on an example of glioblastoma cell culture samples using a set of computer tools in combination with database integration. The gene expression profiles of glioblastoma were obtained from cell culture samples of primary glioblastoma which were isolated and processed for RNA extraction. Transcriptome profiling of normal brain samples and glioblastoma were done by Illumina sequencing. The significant differentially expressed exon-level probes and their corresponding genes were identified using a combination of the splicing index method. We used a set of computer tools which were recently applied to analysis of gene expression in laboratory animals to study differential splicing events.

We found 69 transcripts that are differentially alternatively spliced. Three cancer-associated genes were considered in detail, in particular: APP (amyloid beta precursor protein), CASC4 (cancer susceptibility candidate 4) and TP53. Such alternative splicing opens new perspectives for cancer research.
This special issue is based on the results of a German-Russian-Ukrainian project supported by the Volkswa-genStiftung to analyze the biological mechanisms of co-morbid multifactorial diseases.One of the most urgent problems of modern medicine is related to the identification of molecular targets of drugs for the treatment of co-morbid diseases in humans.Achievements in various omics technologies have made it possible to study risks of diseases of interest at different molecular levels.Therefore, systems biology is developed to determine the effect of combined molecular pathways to build the causal link between genotype and phenotype.Such work showed that the diseases tend to exhibit co-morbidity if they share susceptibility genes.

In this project the focus is hypertension and bronchial asthma as an example of common co-morbid diseases.The project partner from Novosibirsk identified important genes that are involved in co-morbid links between asthma and hypertension by using text-and data-mining techniques.relevant targets have been prioritized using well-known methods (ToppGene and Endeavor) and a cross-talk centrality criterion, calculated by analysis of associative gene networks from ANDSystem.The clinical and genetic data for this project came from the project partner of Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences.The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the identified genes by using bioinformatics approach were studied in patients with isolated and co-morbid diseases.Furthermore, based on the clinical data and semi-automatic data mining approaches a new database was developed and implemented, which presents the positive and negative drug list for asthma and hypertension.Finally, Drevytska et al. present pilot experiments and results about experimentally confirmed functionality changes of the target which was predicted in silico (Saik et al.) to be associated with both asthma and hypertension.

Shared genes associated with the development of hypertension and asthma are identified, such as ADRB2, TNF, NOS, and many others.Top 100 prioritized genes were found to exhibit significant positive dynamics in the frequency of mentioning them in scientific publications, suggesting increasing interest in the studies of these genes.It has been established that SNPs associated with comorbidity differs from SNPs associated with isolated asthma and hypertension.Molecular links of comorbidity of asthma and hypertension may be due to genes TLR4, CAT, ANG.This new database is presented in Shoshi et al.A web-based implementation of this database allows the access to this information via internet.
Using our previously published Web service SNP_TATA_Comparator, we conducted a genome-wide study of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within core promoters of 68 human rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-related genes. Using 603 SNPs within 25 genes clinically associated with RA-comorbid disorders, we predicted 84 and 70 candidate SNP markers for overexpression and underexpression of these genes, respectively, among which 58 and 96 candidate SNP markers, respectively, can relieve and worsen RA as if there is a neutral drift toward susceptibility to RA. Similarly, we predicted natural selection toward susceptibility to RA for 8 immunostimulatory genes (e.g., IL9R ) and 10 genes most often associated with RA (e.g., NPY ). On the contrary, using 25 immunosuppressive genes, we predicted 70 and 109 candidate SNP markers aggravating and relieving RA, respectively (e.g., IL1R2 and TGFB2 ), suggesting that natural selection can simultaneously additionally yield resistance to RA. We concluded that disruptive natural selection of human immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive genes is concurrently elevating and reducing the risk of RA, respectively. So, we hypothesize that RA in human could be a self-domestication syndrome referring to evolution patterns in domestic animals. We tested this hypothesis by means of public RNA-Seq data on 1740 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of pets vs. wild animals (e.g., dogs vs. wolves). The number of DEGs in the domestic animals corresponding to worsened RA condition in humans was significantly larger than that in the related wild animals (10 vs. 3). Moreover, much less DEGs in the domestic animals were accordant to relieved RA condition in humans than those in the wild animals (1 vs. 8 genes). This indicates that the anthropogenic environment, in contrast to a natural one, affects gene expression across the whole genome (e.g., immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive genes) in a manner that likely contributes to RA. The difference in gene numbers is statistically significant as confirmed by binomial distribution ( p &lt; 0.01), Pearson’s χ 2 ( p &lt; 0.01), and Fisher’s exact test ( p &lt; 0.05). This allows us to propose RA as a candidate symptom within a self-domestication syndrome. Such syndrome might be considered as a human’s payment with health for the benefits received during evolution.
We have analysed changes in the oxidation state of SiO x films produced by pulsed laser deposition in a background gas with different partial pressures of oxygen. The optical properties of the films in IR range are shown to be close to those of SiO 2 while the total oxidation degree is considerably less than 2. It is suggested that the film consists of oxidized and unoxidized regions due to preferential oxidation of the periphery of the silicon ablation plume during expansion. These regions are overlapping in the film if the laser beam is scanned on the target.
We discuss some recent results illustrating the role of input wave-front shaping, propagation dynamics and output beam diagnostics in order to observe spatial beam cleaning in nonlinear multimode fibers and amplifiers.
In this article, we report the influence of oxygen concentration in the transition-metal solvent-catalyst on the crystallization processes, morphology, and defect-and-impurity content of diamond crystals. In a series of experiments, the concentration of oxygen (CO) in the growth system was varied by adding Fe2O3 to the charge, and the other parameters and conditions of the growth were constant: Ni7Fe3 solvent-catalyst, P = 6.0 GPa, T = 1400 °C, and duration of 40 h. It is found that on increasing CO in the growth system from 0 to 10 wt %, the crystallization of diamond proceeds through the following stages: single crystal → block crystal → spontaneous crystals → aggregate of block crystals and twin crystals. At CO ≥ 5 wt %, diamond crystallizes jointly with wustite (FeO) and metastable graphite. The oxygen solubility in the iron–nickel melt is estimated at about 2 wt %. With increasing oxygen content in the system, the range of nitrogen concentrations in diamonds crystallized in one experiment significantly broadens with the maximum nitrogen concentrations being increased from 200−250 ppm in the experiment without O additives to 1100–1200 ppm in the experiment with 10 wt % O added. The established joint growth of diamond and wustite suggests possible crystallization of natural diamonds in the Fe–Ni–O–C system over a wide range of oxygen concentrations up to 10 wt %.
Experimental analysis of deformation of steel 09G2S under creep conditions has been carried out to determine the optimal modes of high temperature forming of steel shells.

The material parameters including scalar damage parameters have been determined by taking into account the description of the deformation of a material under non-stationary loading conditions.

The efficient temperature range in terms of saving of the plasticity resource was defined. A satisfactory description of the unsteady creep processes of the material 09G2S in the temperature range from 700 to 800°C has been received.
We show that emerging tension between the direct astronomical measurements at low redshifts and cosmological parameters deduced from the Planck measurements of the CMB anisotropies can be alleviated if the dark matter consists of two fractions, stable part being dominant and a smaller unstable fraction. The latter constitutes $\sim 10$ per cent at the recombination epoch if decays by now.
In this paper we study scattering phase functions in water-drop clouds for various distributions of droplet size and various conditions of glory, rainbow and corona formation, and discuss the hypothesis proposed by A. N. Nevzorov that a considerable amount of water in cold clouds can exist in a specific phase state with the refractive index ≈ 1.8 (so called A-water).

Polarization and angular distributions are studied by the Monte Carlo method for radiation reflected by cloud layers with drops of water or hypothetical A-water taking into account multiple scattering.

Computational results make it possible to develop procedures for analysis of microphysical structure of clouds and confirmation or disproof of the existence of A-water.
Background: Earlier we discovered transactivation of the HIV-1 and hepatitis B virus (HBV) in human cells by 30-300 ppt dioxin, a xenobiotic with extremely long serum half-life in humans. Also, upregulation of cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in human cells was shown by 10 ppq dioxin whereas current its background level in general population is ∼4 ppt. So, human viruses were suggested novel target genes of cellular dioxin receptor (AhR/Arnt) complex. The complex was known as binding to dioxin-responsive elements (DRE) within mammalian genes, and amount of DREs determine level of target gene activation.

Methods: Productions of infectious HIV-1 in MT4 cells, HCMV in THP-1 cells, and HBV in HepG2 cells were determined using plaque assay. Viral DNAs were determined by hybridization and PCR. A computational search for viral DRE was performed by SITECON, a tool for detecting transcription factor binding site alignments/site recognition.

Results: A total of 13 bona fide DRE, all including the substitution intolerant core sequence (5'-GCGTG-3') and SITECON-selected adjacent variable sequences were used here to detect the above properties for the DRE site, and conformational similarity score threshold of 0.95 was utilized to rank identified DRE. It was found that regulatory region of HCMV genes encoding IE gp/UL37 has 5 DRE, 1.65 kb/UL36 – 6 DRE, pp65 – 7 DRE, pp71 – 7 DRE, and pp150 –10 DRE. Wile juxtaposing DRE contents with experimental results, the most susceptible candidate virus to be augmented with body burden dioxin is that one possessing at least similar to HCMV amount of DRE. SITECON recognized several cancer-associated human viruses possessing multiple DREs in their promoters. Thus Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) promoters L1A and L1 each contain 16 DRE, and gene of EBV R1 145K - 11 DRE. Genes encoding some major proteins of herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 have from 7 to 8 promoter DRE. Conclusion: The above support the concept, and provide evidence that sub-nanomolar dioxin is able to activate DRE-containing viruses. Mechanistic data obtained allow searching for inhibitors of viremia and virally-driven malignancies among antagonist ligands of cytosolic Ah receptor, and modifiers of AhR/Arnt complex binding to viral DRE.
We show that the electron spin polarization generated by an electrical current may have its direction controlled and magnitude amplified by periodic optical excitation. The electrical and optical spin control methods were combined and implemented in a two-dimensional electron gas. By Kerr rotation in an external transverse magnetic field, we demonstrate unexpected long-lived coherent spin oscillations of the current-induced signal in a system with large spin-orbit interaction. Using a single linearly polarized pulse for spin manipulation and detection, we found a strong dependence on the pulse optical power and sample temperature indicating the relevance of the hole spin in the electron spin initialization. The signal was mapped in a Hall bar as function of the position relative to the injection contact. Finally, the presence of an in-plane spin polarization was directly verified by rotating the experimental geometry.
The reaction of the Pn ligand complex [Cp*Fe(η5-P5)] (1: Cp* = η5-C5Me5)

with CuCl in the presence of 4,4′-bipyridine or 1,2-di(4-pyridyl)ethylene

leads to the formation of three unprecedented neutral 2D organometallic–organic hybrid networks.
Back pain (BP) is a common condition of major social importance and poorly understood pathogenesis.

Combining data from the UK Biobank and CHARGE consortium cohorts allowed us to perform a very large genome-wide association study (total N = 509,070) and examine the genetic correlation and pleiotropy between BP and its clinical and psychosocial risk factors.

We identified and replicated 3 BP-associated loci, including one novel region implicating SPOCK2 / CHST3 genes. We provide evidence for pleiotropic effects of genetic factors underlying BP, height, and intervertebral disk problems. We also identified independent genetic correlations between BP and depression symptoms, neuroticism, sleep disturbance, overweight, and smoking. A significant enrichment for genes involved in the central nervous system and skeletal tissue development was observed. The study of pleiotropy and genetic correlations, supported by the pathway analysis, suggests at least 2 strong molecular axes of BP genesis, one related to structural/anatomical factors such as intervertebral disk problems and anthropometrics, and another related to the psychological component of pain perception and pain processing. These findings corroborate with the current biopsychosocial model as a paradigm for BP. Overall, the results demonstrate BP to have an extremely complex genetic architecture that overlaps with the genetic predisposition to its biopsychosocial risk factors. The work sheds light on pathways of relevance in the prevention and management of low BP.
The performance improvement of rib-waveguide electro-optic (EO) polymer modulators resulting from the inclusion of high permittivity dielectric strips is considered. For this study, we take into account the heterogeneous nature of the poling of the electro-optic polymer by the electrode structure, the dispersion of the RF wave due to the material dispersion in the waveguide, and the finite conductivity of the electrodes. It is shown that the insertion of additional insulating strips with high dielectric permittivity (such as MgO) considerably enhances (from 120% to 280%) the efficiency of EO tuning. Furthermore, this efficiency grows with increasing modulation frequency, yielding a 2.0 V half-wave voltage at 100 GHz, when DH-80 EO polymer is used.
Due to their high solubility and stability, neonicotinoid insecticides are able to accumulate in water bodies, affecting aquatic organisms. The aims of this study were to evaluate resistance (LC50) of Anopheles messeae s.l. (Anopheles messeae and An. daciae) to the neonicotinoid imidacloprid and to search for genetic markers associated with insecticide resistance. The LC50 values of these species in the collections during 2017 and 2018 were indistinguishable and were in the range of 0.027–0.051 mg/l. In general, the LC50 values of the mosquitoes were comparable with values of other mosquito species of the Anopheles and Culex genera.

Gene polymorphisms of the variations in intron lengths and the presence of restriction sites in introns that were potentially associated with the metabolism of insecticides were studied. Polymorphisms of the studied genes in the pair of closely related species considered overlapped, but allele frequencies were different. Part of the genetic variants arose due to insertions of repetitive elements of the genome.

Two variants of the cytochrome P450 gene Cyp6AG1 in An. daciae were associated with increased resistance to imidacloprid. Possible side effects of selection on insecticide resistance in blood-sucking mosquitoes are discussed.
A search for vectorlike quarks is presented, which targets their decay into a $Z$ boson and a third-generation Standard Model quark. In the case of a vectorlike quark $T$ ($B$) with charge $+2/3e$ ($\ensuremath{-}1/3e$), the decay searched for is $T\ensuremath{\rightarrow}Zt$ ($B\ensuremath{\rightarrow}Zb$).

Data for this analysis were taken during 2015 and 2016 with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider and correspond to an integrated luminosity of $36.1\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}$. The final state used is characterized by the presence of $b$-tagged jets, as well as a $Z$ boson with high transverse momentum, which is reconstructed from a pair of opposite-sign same-flavor leptons. Pair and single production of vectorlike quarks are both taken into account and are each searched for using optimized dileptonic exclusive and trileptonic inclusive event selections. In these selections, the high scalar sum of jet transverse momenta, the presence of high-transverse-momentum large-radius jets, as well as---in the case of the single-production selections---the presence of forward jets are used.

No significant excess over the background-only hypothesis is found and exclusion limits at 95% confidence level allow masses of vectorlike quarks of ${m}_{T}>1030\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$ (${m}_{T}>1210\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$) and ${m}_{B}>1010\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$ (${m}_{B}>1140\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$) in the singlet (doublet) model. In the case of 100% branching ratio for $T\ensuremath{\rightarrow}Zt$ ($B\ensuremath{\rightarrow}Zb$), the limits are ${m}_{T}>1340\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$ (${m}_{B}>1220\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$). Limits at 95% confidence level are also set on the coupling to Standard Model quarks for given vectorlike quark masses.
General questions of aseptic inflammation modeling are considered on the example of dynamics of inflammation factors during wound healing.

In this work we present the new mathematical models and the results of numerical studies of cell death processes – apoptosis and necrosis – in ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction and Alzheimer's disease. New minimal mathematical models of apoptosis regulators and tumor markers p53–Mdm2–microRNA network dynamics are presented.

In the framework of adopted models, we have considered some actual therapeutic strategies.