Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
The thermodynamic characteristics and magnetic properties of monoaxial chiral helimagnet have been investigated by using a combination of ab initio calculations and classical Monte Carlo simulations. Ab initio calculations make it possible to calculate the values of magnetic moments and exchange coupling parameters for crystal structure CrNb3S6 which show the presence of the antiferromagnetic nature of the interaction for magnetic Cr atoms. The Monte Carlo simulations with ab initio exchange coupling constants as input parameters allow us to calculated thermodynamic characteristics such as magnetization, heat capacity, and susceptibility. Calculated values of heat capacity and susceptibility make it possible to determine the phase transition temperature from paramagnetic to antiferromagnetic phase. The crossover to chiral soliton lattice in monoaxial chiral helimagnet is determined by the temperature dependence of magnetization under various external magnetic fields.
The transformation of the energy market and the development of its technologies radically change the industry and uncover new segments for competition. Scientific and technological progress is gradually changing the market structure and replacing petroleum products with other energy sources, creating new consumption sectors. However, the oil and gas industry still plays a major role in the energy and fuel balance of the world (almost 60% of global energy consumption is concentrated in the oil and gas sector). Due to the specifics of the petroleum sector, the companies tend to be large and have a significant direct and indirect influence on the oil industry as a whole.

In this article, the authors of the study compared Russian and international companies in the oil and gas sector and identified the distinctive features of each group. To reveal the main factors influencing financial performance, we construct models of the dependence of net profit on various macroeconomic, microeconomic, institutional, and additional factors. The basic panel data model is tested, taking into account fixed and random individual effects.

Results show that the profit of each major oil and gas company is affected by revenue, production costs, and tax deductions. The key interest rate set by the Central Bank of Russia is also important for the activities of oil and gas companies. A distinctive factor for petroleum corporations is the negative impact of financial leverage on the profits of domestic companies and the negative impact of investment in the environmental area for foreign companies. According to our forecasts, the total profit of the eight largest oil producers in Russia will decrease by 60% in 2020. Such forecasts are not very encouraging, but due to the current market situation, they are not surprising.
Исследованы методы формирования синтезированного изображения с увеличенной глубиной резкости из последовательности кадров, оперативно полученных при фокусировке на различную дальность с применением жидкостной оптики.

Разработан алгоритм, основанный на построении картосхемы дальностей путем анализа пирамиды контраста и взвешен-
Development of plant vascular tissues involves tissue identity specification, growth, pattern formation and cell-type differentiation. Although later developmental steps are understood in some detail, it is still largely unknown how the tissue is initially specified.

We used the early
The rationale for the present study is explained by a high spread of metabolic syndrome among the young population, living in an area equivalent to the Far North.

The study is aimed at the investigation of the association between a deletion allele of the polymorphism of deletion/insertion in the αIIbβ3 integrin gene and metabolic syndrome in young residents Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug – Ugra (Russia). The 758 young people aged 18-44 (mean age 36.62±5.12 years old) with metabolic syndrome and 77 healthy young people without metabolic disorders were examined.

The carriership of the allele I associated with the cardiovascular risk was revealed in 63% of the examined patients that had an increased risk of the development of metabolic disorders (OR 1.409, 95% CI 0.858-2.311, p=0.253). There was no significant difference between the native and non-native populations in the rate of occurrence of allele I (62.2% and 64.7%). Genotype II had significant association with arterial hypertension (OR 1.377, 95 % CI 0.912-2.080, p=0.073), obesity (OR 1.353, 95% CI 0.825-2.219, p=0.071), hypercholesterinemia (OR 1.386, 95% CI 0.977-1.966, p=0.115), hypertriglyceridemia (OR 1.232, 95% CI 0.889-1.706, p=0.097). It was established that the non-native population had a higher risk of the development of abdominal obesity, arterial hypertension, and hypercholesterinemia, unlike the native population that had a significantly higher risk of the development of triglyceridemia. The materials of the article can be useful for the evaluation of genetic predisposition to myocardial infarction, stroke, and thromboembolism, which will allow for timely indication of preventive measures.
Herein, the filling of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with sulfur is performed, and the magnetic properties of the formed nanomaterials are studied. Encapsulation of sulfur species results in the appearance of a specific magnetic ordering in the system due to the formation of nanoscopic grains composed of sulfur and residual catalytic Fe nanoparticles contained in the SWCNTs.

The magnetic character of the obtained 1D nanostructures is studied using superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer and a sequential ferromagnetic–antiferromagnetic ordering in the material is revealed. Magnetic and optical properties are strongly dependent on the synthesis protocols. A significant Raman intensity increase related to the encapsulated nanostructures is obtained when filling is performed at high‐pressure high‐temperature conditions.

Simultaneously, the magnetic susceptibility gets strongly reduced for high‐pressure filling, which is related to the escape of iron particles from the nanotube interior, and the magnetic properties of the material are governed by a weak ferromagnetic ordering of Fe–S structures remained inside SWCNTs. Sulfur encapsulation provides the new route for controlling the magnetic properties in 1D nanomaterials that pave the way for advanced magneto‐optical applications.
Modern degradation of Arctic permafrost promotes changes in tundra landscapes and leads to degradation of ice wedge polygons, which are the most widespread landforms of Arctic wetlands. Status assessment of polygon degradation is important for various environmental studies.

We have applied the geographic information systems’ (GIS) analysis of data from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) to accurately assess the status of ice wedge polygon degradation on Samoylov Island. We used several modern models of polygon degradation for revealing polygon types, which obviously correspond to different stages of degradation. Manual methods of mapping and a high spatial resolution of used UAV data allowed for a high degree of accuracy in the identification of all land units.

The study revealed the following: 41.79% of the first terrace surface was composed of non-degraded polygonal tundra; 18.37% was composed of polygons, which had signs of thermokarst activity and corresponded to various stages of degradation in the models; and 39.84% was composed of collapsed polygons, slopes, valleys, and water bodies, excluding ponds of individual polygons. This study characterizes the current status of polygonal tundra degradation of the first terrace surface on Samoylov Island. Our assessment reflects the landscape condition of the first terrace surface of Samoylov Island, which is the typical island of the southern part of the Lena Delta. Moreover, the study illustrates the potential of UAV data GIS analysis for highly accurate investigations of Arctic landscape changes.
The article deals with the issues of integrated development of subsoil resources taking into account the actual problems facing the Russian oil and gas complex.

The key factors determining the need for integrated development of subsoil resources have been systematized and investigated.

These factors are the change of the hydrocarbon resource base quality, the improvement of the depletion degree of basic (unique and major) oil fields, the increase in the number of small and smallest oil fields discovered and introduced into development, the increased capital intensity and the riskiness of geological exploration, and the territorial location of new subsoil use facilities.
The effect of nitrogen doped bamboo-like carbon nanotubes (N–CNTs) on the properties of supported platinum (0.2 and 1 wt %) catalysts in formic acid decomposition for hydrogen production was studied. It was shown that both impregnation and homogeneous precipitation routes led to the formation of electron-deficient platinum stabilized by pyridinic nitrogen sites of the N–CNTs. The electron-deficient platinum species strongly enhanced the activity and selectivity of the Pt/N–CNTs catalysts when compared to the catalysts containing mainly metallic platinum nanoparticles. A comparison of bamboo-like N–CNTs and herring-bone nitrogen doped carbon nanofibers (N–CNFs) as the catalyst support allowed us to conclude that the catalytic properties of supported platinum are determined by its locally one-type interaction with pyridinic nitrogen sites of the N–CNTs or N–CNFs irrespective of substantial structural differences between nanotubes and nanofibers.
A “caster’s cache” discovered at Tartas-1 cemetery in the Baraba forest-steppe is described and compared with other similar fi nds. Caches are very rare in Siberia. Because descriptions are incomplete, their total number is unknown. The Tartas-1 cache was found in a rectangular pit close to Late Krotovo (Cherno-Ozerye) burials. The infi ll of the pit contained a mandible, part of a scapula and an incisor of a horse, a rib fragment and fragments of cranium of a cow, and potsherds from at least three vessels. The cache consisted of fi fteen items: a whetstone, a bone arrowhead, two copper ingots, a fragment of a bracelet with spiral end, a bronze needle, six fl uted cylindrical beads, and three bronze knife-like pendants. Parallels to each artifact are discussed. Especially noteworthy are standard copper ingots used for storing and transporting metal during trade operations. Evidently, metal items in this cache were laid in for future use in manufacture or trade. The cache might as well have been ritual. All its items are typical of Late Krotovo (Cherno-Ozerye) culture of early or mid-2nd millennium BC.
The nano oxides (TeO) x (Mo,V,Nb) 5 O 14 with so-called M1 structure are highly attractive objects due to unsurpassed catalytic properties.

In situ X-ray powder diffraction method with high time resolution (0.4 seconds per diffraction pattern) was applied to study the structure stability and the mechanism of phase transformation under heating in the reductive conditions.

It was shown that M1 structure gradually transforms into the rutile-type (Mo,V,Nb)O 2 phase without intermediate phases and/or amorphisation at temperatures >480°C in a reductive media. The process is initiated by tellurium reduction and its sublimation to the gas phase.
The notion of the Jacobian group of graph (also known as Picard group, sandpile group, critical group) was independently given by many authors.This is a very important algebraic invariant of a finite graph.In particular, the order of the Jacobian group coincides with the number of spanning trees for a graph.The latter number is known for the simplest families of graphs such as Wheel, Fan, Prism, Ladder and Möbius ladder graphs.At the same time the structure of the Jacobian group is known only in several cases.

The aim of this paper is to determine the structure of the Jacobian group of the Möbius ladder and Prism graphs.
The article provides a summary of the author's research of a number of conflicts between peasant old-timers of Tomsk province and immigrants of the late XIX — early XX centuries. It was in this region where the majority of immigrants, who changed the face of Siberia, resettled. The documents dated back to 1880s included information about violent clashes between locals and peasants who moved from European part of Russia.

The scientific novelty of the study is that it utilized social research methods to study those phenomena. Seeing a conflict as a function (and not as a disfunction) of the society, the author found major differences between clashes at the end of the XIX century and at the beginning of the XX century.

The clashes at the end of the XIX century involved conflicting interests that could not be neglected without causing damage to the development of the country. It prompted the authorities to create a system for regulating resettlement and mitigate any conflicts. The clashes at the beginning of the XX century were caused by the contradictions of the system itself, and did not lead to any substantial changes.
Three polymorphs of tolbutamide (IL, II, and III) were studied using single-crystal X-ray diffraction, from 100 K to room temperature (forms II and III) and to 350 K (form I), and differential scanning calorimetry.

The reversible transformation, IL ⇔ IH, was found to be of the single-crystal to single-crystal type and the structure of the high-temperature form (IH) was solved and refined. The structure of IH differs from that of IL only in the conformation of the molecule, with molecular arrangements being practically unchanged (isostructural conformational transformation). The transition takes place at 313 K with no sign of hysteresis. The volume change, ΔV/V, across the reversible transformation IL ⇔ IH was calculated and compared to those for the other conformational transformations.

Two types of conformational polymorphic transformations (irreversible reconstructive and reversible isostructural) in tolbutamide and chlorpropamide were compared.
We previously showed that monoterpenoid (1R,2R,6S)-3-methyl-6-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-3-ene-1,2-diol 1 alleviates motor manifestations of Parkinson's disease in animal models.

In the present study, we designed and synthesized monoepoxides of (1R,2R,6S)-3-methyl-6-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-3-ene-1,2-diol 1 and evaluated their biological activity in the MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease. We also assessed the ability of these compounds to penetrate the blood–brain barrier (BBB). According to these data, we chose epoxide 4, which potently restored the locomotor activity in MPTP-treated mice and efficiently penetrated the BBB, to further explore its potential mechanism of action. Epoxide 4 was found to robustly promote the survival of cultured dopamine neurons, protect dopamine neurons against toxin-induced degeneration, and trigger the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascade in cells of neuronal origin. Meanwhile, neither the survival-promoting effect nor MAPK activation was observed in non-neuronal cells treated with epoxide 4.

In the MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease, compound 4 increased the density of dopamine neuron fibers in the striatum, which can highlight its potential to stimulate striatal reinnervation and thus halt disease progression. Taken together, these data indicate that epoxide 4 can be a promising compound for further development, not only as a symptomatic but also as a neuroprotective and neurorestorative drug for Parkinson's disease.
Astrocytes and microglia are the first cells to react to neurodegeneration, e.g., in Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, the data on changes in glial support during the most common (sporadic) type of the disease are sparse. Using senescence-accelerated OXYS rats, which simulate key characteristics of sporadic AD, and Wistar rats (parental normal strain, control), we investigated hippocampal neurogenesis and glial changes during AD-like pathology. Using immunohistochemistry, we showed that the early stage of the pathology is accompanied by a lower intensity of neurogenesis and decreased astrocyte density in the dentate gyrus. The progressive stage is concurrent with reactive astrogliosis and microglia activation, as confirmed by increased cell densities and by the acquisition of cell-specific gene expression profiles, according to transcriptome sequencing data. Besides, here, we continued to analyze the anti-AD effects of prolonged supplementation with mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1. The antioxidant did not affect neurogenesis, partly normalized the gene expression profile of astrocytes and microglia, and shifted the resting/activated microglia ratio toward a decrease in the activated-cell density. In summary, both astrocytes and microglia are more vulnerable to AD-associated neurodegeneration in the CA3 area than in other hippocampal areas; SkQ1 had an anti-inflammatory effect and is a promising modality for AD prevention and treatment.
The presented paper contains a description of approaches to simulate processes, observed during leakage in the steam generator of the reactor with liquid metal coolant.

These approaches have been implemented in thermal hydraulic code HYDRA-IBRAE/LM. To calculate motion of gas bubbles in liquid metal flow and heat transfer of gas bubbles with metal, different relations are used in HYDRA-IBRAE/LM code. The code contains models of chemical interaction between water and sodium for modelling of tube rupture in sodium cooled fast reactors. Modelling of the experiments has been made using HYDRA-IBRAE/LM code.

The results of the modelling with determined main factors are presented in the article.
We report a systematic study of relaxation dynamics of hyperpolarized (HP) propane and HP propane-d6 prepared by heterogeneous pairwise parahydrogen (pH2) addition to propylene and propylene-d6, respectively. Long-lived spin states (LLSs) created for these molecules at a low magnetic field of 0.0475 T were employed for this study. The parahydrogen-induced overpopulation of a HP propane LLS decays exponentially with a time constant (TLLS) approximately threefold greater than the corresponding T1 values. Both TLLS and T1 increase linearly with propane pressure in the range of 1 atm (the most biomedically relevant conditions for pulmonary MRI) to 5 atm. The TLLS value of HP propane gas at 1 atm is ∼3 s. Deuteration of the substrate (propylene-d6) yields HP propane-d6 gas with TLLS values approximately 20% shorter than those of HP fully protonated propane gas, indicating that deuteration does not benefit the lifetime of the LLS HP state. The use of pH2 or Xe/N2 buffering gas during heterogeneous hydrogenation reaction [leading to production of pure HP propane (100:0, i.e., no buffering gas) versus a 43:57 mixture of HP propane gas with buffering gas] results in (i) no significant changes in T1, (ii) decrease of TLLS values (by 35 ± 7 and 8 ± 7%, respectively); and (iii) an increase of the polarization levels of HP propane gas with a propane concentration decrease (by 1.6 ± 0.1-fold and 1.4 ± 0.1-fold, respectively, despite the decrease in TLLS, which leads to disproportionately greater polarization losses during HP gas transport). Moreover, we demonstrate the feasibility of HP propane cryocollection (which can be potentially useful for preparing larger amounts of concentrated HP propane, when buffering gas is employed), and TLLS of liquefied HP propane reaches 14.7 s, which is greater than the TLLS value of HP propane gas at any pressure studied. Finally, we have explored the utility of using a partial spin-lock induced crossing (SLIC) radio-frequency (RF) pulse sequence for converting the overpopulated LLS into observable 1H nuclear magnetization at a low magnetic field. We find that (i) the bulk of the overpopulated LLS is retained even when the optimal or near-optimal values of SLIC pulse duration are employed, and (ii) the overpopulated LLS of propane is also relatively immune to strong RF pulses, thereby indicating that LLS is highly suitable as a spin-polarization reservoir in the context of NMR/MRI detection applications. The presented findings may be useful for improving the levels of polarization of HP propane produced by HET-PHIP via the use of an inert buffer gas; increasing the lifetime of the HP state during preparation and storage; and developing efficient approaches for ultrafast MR imaging of HP propane in the context of biomedical applications of HP propane gas, including its potential use as an inhalable contrast agent.
Currently, LoRa technology is one of the most promising technologies in satellite Internet of Things. Particularly those based on satellite constellations in low Earth orbit, including the CubeSat nanosatellite constellations. However, the LoRa specification does not contain clear criteria for the applicability of the LoRa modulation under strong Doppler effect conditions caused by the very high speed of satellites. This is especially true in the case of the dynamic Doppler effect when the Doppler frequency shift changes rapidly with time.

This paper presents the results of laboratory testing and outdoor experiments conducted to determine the feasibility of the LoRa modulation in CubeSat radio communication systems. Additionally, possible restrictions associated with the Doppler effect were explored.

The experiments showed that the LoRa modulation has very high immunity to the Doppler effect. This immunity allows for the use of LoRa modulation in satellite radio communications in orbits above 550 km without any restrictions associated with the Doppler effect. In lower orbits, the dynamic Doppler effect leads to the destruction of the satellite-to-Earth radio channel when using the LoRa modulation mode with a maximum spreading factor ofSF = 12. This destruction occurs when the satellite is flying directly above the ground station, resulting in reduced duration of the radio communication session. The reduction in the duration of a communication session increases with decreasing orbit altitude and reaches about one minute in an ultra-low orbit 200 km high.
Thermocapillary breakdown of thin (0.3 - 0.7 mm) horizontal layers of liquid (ethanol) when heated from a localized hot spot was investigated experimentally. The effect of layer thickness on the breakdown dynamics was studied.

Visualization and control of the liquid layer were carried out using schlieren and confocal techniques. Main steps of the breakdown process were determined with the help of both systems.

Evolution of the layer thickness in the center of substrate was observed and the critical thickness of the layer was measured using confocal sensor.
The aim of this article is systematization of the constraints impeding the intensification of the use of PPP as a mechanism of socio-economic development of Russian regions. Issues of interpretation and definition of PPP, questions of methodical and personnel support of the process of investment projects promotion to implementation on the principles of PPP, a number of organizational and legal aspects were raised.

It is proposed to use a game approach to operationalize the process of potential participants of PPP agreements strategies coordination.