Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Long-read sequencing technologies have opened up new avenues of research on the mosquito genome biology, enabling scientists to better understand the remarkable abilities of vectors for transmitting pathogens. Although new genome mapping technologies such as Hi-C scaffolding and optical mapping may significantly improve the quality of genomes, only cytogenetic mapping, with the help of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), connects genomic scaffolds to a particular chromosome and chromosome band. This mapping approach is important for creating and validating chromosome-scale genome assemblies for mosquitoes with repeat-rich genomes, which can potentially be misassembled. In this study, we describe a new gene-based physical mapping approach that was optimized using the newly assembled Aedes albopictus genome, which is enriched with transposable elements. To avoid amplification of the repetitive DNA, 15 protein-coding gene transcripts were used for the probe design. Instead of using genomic DNA, complementary DNA was utilized as a template for development of the PCR-amplified probes for FISH. All probes were successfully amplified and mapped to specific chromosome bands. The genome-unique probes allowed to perform unambiguous mapping of genomic scaffolds to chromosome regions. The method described in detail here can be used for physical genome mapping in other insects.
Interpreting the clinical significance of small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMCs) in prenatal diagnosis is still an urgent problem in genetic counselling regarding the fate of a pregnancy. We present a case of prenatal diagnosis of mosaic sSMC(10) in a foetus with a normal phenotype. Comprehensive cytogenomic analyses by array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), sSMC microdissection with next-generation sequencing (NGS) of microdissected library, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with locus-specific and telomere-specific DNA probes and quantitative real-time PCR revealed that sSMC(10) had a ring structure and was derived from the pericentromeric region of chromosome 10 with involvement of the 10p11.21-p11.1 and 10q11.21-q11.23 at 1.243 Mb and 7.173 Mb in size, respectively. We observed a difference in the length of sSMC(10) between NGS data of the DNA library derived from a single copy of sSMC(10), and aCGH results that may indicate instability and structural mosaicism for ring chromosomes in foetal cells. The presence of a 9 Mb euchromatin region in the analysed sSMC(10) did not lead to clinical manifestations, and a healthy girl was born at term. We suggest that the ring structure of sSMCs could influence sSMC manifestations and should be taken into account in genetic counselling during prenatal diagnosis.
The article presents materials of the excavations of Qin burials near the area of the Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang. To the west of its outer wall, a burial ground of nine large tombs has been excavated, which are dated to the age of the empire's formation, however the possibility of an earlier date is not excluded. The most interesting finds were reportedly from grave M1, which included bronze bells and ritual vessels, iron armament, jade scepters and disks, gold buckles, numerous metal figurines of people and animals, including gold and silver camels. This discovery made it possible to raise the question of the formation of a stable trade “highway”, later determined as the Great Silk Road, already in the late period of the Qin Dynasty (the last quarter of 3 rd century BC), but not under the rule of Han Emperor Wu-di (156–87 BC), as previously thought. Perhaps a high-ranking dignitary buried in grave M1 was chief administrator of this project, therefore he can be denoted as “Qin Zhang Qian”. One more golden trail leading from the depths of Asia to the Yellow River’s valley can be found in the nine golden buttons from grave M5, excavated at Taerpo, in the area of Xianyang, the ancient capital of the state of Qin. Some of the buttons were decorated by granulation, and it is highly likely that such technology could have penetrated into China from Western Asia. The materials obtained from these excavations once again illustrate how the Qin Empire, despite its short life and inglorious death, managed to lay many important pillars of future development.
Представлены результаты по исследованию формирования ТЛИППС при воздействии радиально-симметричного и астигматического гауссова пучка и различной скорости сканирования.

При воздействии астигматического гауссового пучка при сканировании с различной скоростью вдоль поверхности образца

Обнаружена линейная зависимость максимальной скорости сканирования от диаметра пучка при фиксированной частоте повторения импульсов в случае радиально-симметричного гауссова пучка.
Auxin plays a pivotal role in virtually every aspect of plant morphogenesis. It simultaneously orchestrates a diverse variety of processes such as cell wall biogenesis, transition through the cell cycle, or metabolism of a wide range of chemical substances. The coordination principles for such a complex orchestration are poorly understood at the systems level. Here, we perform an RNA-seq experiment to study the transcriptional response to auxin treatment within gene groups of different biological processes, molecular functions, or cell components in a quantitative fold-change-specific manner. We find for Arabidopsis thaliana roots treated with auxin for 6 h that (i) there are functional groups within which genes respond to auxin with a surprisingly similar fold changes and that (ii) these fold changes vary from one group to another. These findings make it tempting to conjecture the existence of some transcriptional logic orchestrating the coordinated expression of genes within functional groups in a fold-change-specific manner. To obtain some initial insight about this coordinated expression, we performed a motif enrichment analysis and found cis-regulatory elements TBX1-3, SBX, REG, and TCP/site2 as the candidates conferring fold-change-specific responses to auxin in Arabidopsis thaliana .
Фосс и Захари (2003) и Фосс, Пальмовски и Захари (2005) изучали вероятность достижения удаляющейся границы на интервале времени случайной длины случайным блужданием, распределение скачков которого имеет тяжелый хвост. Они предложили и развили новый подход, который позволил обобщить результаты Асмуссена (1998) на случай произвольных моментов остановки и широкого класса нелинейных границ и получить равномерные утверждения по всем моментам остановки. В данной работе рассмотрен один класс ветвящихся случайных блужданий с затуханием ветвления, для которого получены утверждения об асимптотике максимума значений ветвящегося случайного блуждания на интервале времени случайной (возможно, неограниченной) длины, а также равномерные утверждения по классу ограниченных случайных интервалов времени.
Native cattle breeds represent an important cultural heritage. They are a reservoir of genetic variation useful for properly responding to agriculture needs in the light of ongoing climate changes. Evolutionary processes that occur in response to extreme environmental conditions could also be better understood using adapted local populations. Herein, different evolutionary histories of the world northernmost native cattle breeds from Russia were investigated. They highlighted Kholmogory as a typical taurine cattle, whereas Yakut cattle separated from European taurines approximately 5,000 years ago and contain numerous ancestral and some novel genetic variants allowing their adaptation to harsh conditions of living above the Polar Circle. Scans for selection signatures pointed to several common gene pathways related to adaptation to harsh climates in both breeds. But genes affected by selection from these pathways were mostly different. A Yakut cattle breed-specific missense mutation in a highly conserved NRAP gene represents a unique example of a young amino acid residue convergent change shared with at least 16 species of hibernating/cold-adapted mammals from six distinct phylogenetic orders. This suggests a convergent evolution event along the mammalian phylogenetic tree and fast fixation in a single isolated cattle population exposed to a harsh climate.
A simple and general approach to the synthesis (from commercial precursors) of eight out of nine possible (benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methanols fluorinated on the benzene ring is reported.

Molecular and crystalline structures of most compounds were solved by X-ray diffraction analysis.

This made it possible to reveal the influence of the number and arrangement of fluorine atoms in the benzene cycle on the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds. It was found that the more fluorine atoms are present in a compound, the higher the dimensionality of the H-bonded structure is. Moreover, the presence of fluorine atoms in the synthesized compounds leads to the emergence of C–F…π interactions affecting crystal packing. The synthesized fluorinated (benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methanols may serve as excellent bench compounds for the synthesis of a systematic series of fluorine-containing derivatives to study structure–property correlations in various fields of research from medicine to materials science.
Exclusive measurements of the quasi-free pn→ppπ− and pp→ppπ0 reactions have been performed by means of pd collisions at Tp=1.2 GeV using the WASA detector setup at COSY. Total and differential cross sections have been obtained covering the energy region Tp=0.95–1.3GeV (s=2.3–2.46 GeV), which includes the regions of Δ(1232), ⁎N⁎(1440) and ⁎d⁎(2380) resonance excitations.

From these measurements the isoscalar single-pion production has been extracted, for which data existed so far only below Tp=1 GeV. We observe a substantial increase of this cross section around 1 GeV, which can be related to the Roper resonance ⁎N⁎(1440), the strength of which shows up isolated from the Δ resonance in the isoscalar (Nπ)I=0 invariant-mass spectrum.

No evidence for a decay of the dibaryon resonance ⁎d⁎(2380) into the isoscalar (NNπ)I=0 channel is found. An upper limit of 180 μb (90% C.L.) corresponding to a branching ratio of 9% has been deduced.
Antiviral activity of the new chemically synthesized compound NIOCH-14 (a derivative of tricyclodicarboxylic acid) in comparison with ST-246 (the condensed derivative of pyrroledione) was observed in experiments in vitro and in vivo using orthopoxviruses including highly pathogenic ones. After oral administration of NIOCH-14 to outbred ICR mice infected intranasally with 100 % lethal dose of ectromelia virus, it was shown that 50 % effective doses of NIOCH-14 and ST-246 did not significantly differ. The ‘therapeutic window’ varied from 1 day before infection to 6 days post-infection (p.i.) to achieve 100–60 % survival rate. The administration of NIOCH-14 and ST-246 to mice resulted in a significant reduction of ectromelia virus titres in organs examined as compared with the control and also reduced pathological changes in the lungs 6 days p.i. Oral administration of NIOCH-14 and ST-246 to ICR mice and marmots challenged with monkeypox virus as compared with the control resulted in a significant reduction of virus production in the lungs and the proportion of infected mice 7 days p.i. as well as the absence of disease in marmots. Significantly lower proportions of infected mice and virus production levels in the lungs as compared with the control were demonstrated in experiments after oral administration of NIOCH-14 and ST-246 to ICR mice and immunodeficient SCID mice challenged with variola virus 3 and 4 days p.i., respectively. The results obtained suggest good prospects for further study of the chemical compound NIOCH-14 to create a new smallpox drug on its basis.
This paper presents an experimental study of evaporation of a millimeter-sized sessile water droplet into open atmosphere in a wide range of the temperature difference (from 0 to 76 K) between the solid substrate and the atmosphere. The study was performed using two substrates made of copper. One of them had no coating and was polished to the root mean square roughness of about 20 nm. Another one was coated with a micrometer-thick film of single-walled carbon nanotubes. With the help of precise drop shape analysis system, the mode of droplet evaporation with pinned contact line was studied. No appreciable difference was detected in evaporation droplet dynamics between the two substrates for the substrate temperatures from 24 to 100 °C.
Notch is a key factor of a signaling cascade which regulates cell differentiation in all multicellular organisms. Numerous investigations have been directed mainly at studying the mechanism of Notch protein action; however, very little is known about the regulation of activity of the gene itself. Here, we provide the results of targeted 5′-end editing of the Drosophila Notch gene in its native environment and genetic and cytological effects of these changes. Using the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/CRISPR associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system in combination with homologous recombination, we obtained a founder fly stock in which a 4-kb fragment, including the 5′ nontranscribed region, the first exon, and a part of the first intron of Notch, was replaced by an attachment Phage (attP) site. Then, fly lines carrying a set of six deletions within the 5′untranscribed region of the gene were obtained by ΦC31-mediated integration of transgenic constructs. Part of these deletions does not affect gene activity, but their combinations with transgenic construct in the first intron of the gene cause defects in the Notch target tissues. At the polytene chromosome level we defined a DNA segment (~250 bp) in the Notch5′-nontranscribed region which when deleted leads to disappearance of the 3C6/C7 interband and elimination of CTC-Factor (CTCF) and Chromator (CHRIZ) insulator proteins in this region.
A new measuring electronics channel with FADC is proposed for the electromagnetic calorimeter of the SND detector, taking data at e+e− collider VEPP-2000.

This system is intended to raise detection efficiency of the low-speed anti-neutrons, produced in e+e−→n anti-n reaction.

The proposed channel provides time resolution of about 1 ns.
Habitable Trinity is a new concept for a habitable environment proposed by Dohm and Maruyama (2015). This concept indicates that the coexistence of an atmosphere, an ocean, and a landmass, accompanied by a continuous circulation of material among these three components driven by the Sun, is one of the minimum requirements for life to emerge and evolve.

Because a life body consists of carbon (mainly from the atmosphere), oxygen (mainly from an ocean), hydrogen (mainly from an ocean), nitrogen (mainly from the atmosphere), and various nutrients (supplied from a landmass), the presence of water alone is not a sufficient condition.

The Habitable Trinity concept can also be applied to other planets such as Mars, Europa, and Titan, and even exoplanets, as a useful index in the quest for life-containing planetary bodies.
This study presented a method of Korean speaking education using Google Expeditions, which can complement the reality of Korean language education in Russia. The following factors have been considered to introduce Google Expeditions to the class. First, the teacher should handle Google Expeditions skillfully and cope with unexpected situations so that there is no disruption in the course of the class. Second, students should integrate well with existing teaching methods so that they don't feel rejection towards Google Expeditions (new technologies). Third, the strength of Google Expeditions should have a positive impact on the educational effect. To design education using virtual reality, 'the essential principles of virtual reality education' (the principle of interaction, the principle of practicality and the principle of preparation) were adopted. The 'Multimedia-based Courseware Design Strategies' (Goal, Teaching Content, Personalization, Judgment of what is right or wrong, Feedback, Closing) were adopted to design classes with software for curriculum. The content of the class was 'Sejong Korean Conversation 1,' a textbook written by a professional organization. Based on these three factors, the ways to teach Korean speaking using Google Expeditions were explored and examples were presented.
We study a turbulent jet generated by a fluidic oscillator using Large-eddy simulations in a range of Reynolds numbers Re d = 3000−30000. The device represents Φ-shaped configuration providing a strongly unsteady flow due to periodic oscillations based on the Coanda effect. Several simulation results are presented for a mesh convergence study, the analysis of the time-averaged statistics as well as the oscillation frequency against Re d .
This work is devoted to the experimental study of the diffusion of single-walled carbon nanotubes in liquids. The mass concentration of nanotubes varied from 0.00001 to 0.15. As the base fluid, water is used with the addition of two different surfactants: polyvinylpyrroli-done and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate. The concentration of surfactant is two times the concentration of nanotubes. The measurements are performed using the dynamic light scattering method. The diffusion and sizes of surfactant molecules have been preliminary studied. The diffusion coefficient of carbon nanotubes are investigated. Using these data the size distributions of nanotubes are obtained. The dependence of diffusion coefficients on the concentration of carbon nanotubes is examined.
Results of the evaluation of petroleum-bearing potential of Yamal's Cretaceous deposits based on the study of water-gas equilibria are presented. It has been established that the "water-gas" system within them has a complex and unequal pattern. Hydrocarbon accumulations serve as "relics" of antecedent hydrogeological epochs, with groundwater being the most mobile component of this system.

The sediments composition is therefore subjected to a slow directional change aimed at establishing an equilibrium, which subsequently results in a qualitatively new state of their geochemical framework. The hydrogeochemical analysis and the water-gas equilibria modeling results have shown that the prospects are significantly lower for new discoveries in SW Yamal.

Most of the studied area is characterized by very favorable conditions for persistent preservation of oil and gas accumulations. In northern and central regions of Yamal, there is a slight shift in the water – gas system phase equilibrium, suggesting a potential for discovery of new oil/gas pools and significant hydrocarbon reserves within them. The analysis confirmed the presence of earlier discovered hydrocarbon pools within the studied fields and enabled prediction of new thirteen accumulations.
Light absorption due to transitions between the edge and two-dimensional (2D) states of a 2D topological insulator (TI) is considered in the Volkov-Pankratov model.

It is shown that the transitions are allowed only for the in-plane electric field orthogonal to the TI edge.

It is found that the absorption is accompanied by pure spin photocurrent along the TI edge. A possibility of spin current measurement using polarized luminescence from 2D TI quantum dots is discussed.
The one-dimensional focusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) on an unstable condensate background is the fundamental physical model that can be applied to study the development of modulation instability (MI) and formation of rogue waves. The complete integrability of the NLSE via inverse scattering transform enables the decomposition of the initial conditions into elementary nonlinear modes: breathers and continuous spectrum waves. The small localized condensate perturbations (SLCP) that grow as a result of MI have been of fundamental interest in nonlinear physics for many years. Here, we demonstrate that Kuznetsov-Ma and superregular NLSE breathers play the key role in the dynamics of a wide class of SLCP. During the nonlinear stage of MI development, collisions of these breathers lead to the formation of rogue waves. We present new scenarios of rogue wave formation for randomly distributed breathers as well as for artificially prepared initial conditions. For the latter case, we present an analytical description based on the exact expressions found for the space-phase shifts that breathers acquire after collisions with each other. Finally, the presence of Kuznetsov-Ma and superregular breathers in arbitrary-type condensate perturbations is demonstrated by solving the Zakharov-Shabat eigenvalue problem with high numerical accuracy.
A case of chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) in a 48-year-old man is reported. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a Philadelphia-negative CML with an acquired small supernumerary marker chromosome (SMC) 11 as the sole abnormality.

The derivative chromosome 11 was studied in detail using molecular cytogenetic methods; fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using centromere- and region-specific probes for chromosome 11, microdissection, micro-comparative genomic hybridization (micro-CGH) and the recently developed multicolour banding (MCB) technique.

The acquired SMC was determined to be a ring chromosome that can be described as r(11)(:p11.2-->q13.1:q14:).
Existing methods used for evaluating the relative chronology of the parts of petroglyphic palimpsests are discussed

a new approach is proposed, combining high-resolution three-dimensional visualization at the macro-level with traceological analysis. We focus on the characteristics of the pecked surface in the area outside the palimpsest and that in the overlap zone. The comparison of these parts makes it possible to reveal the traceologically informative features in the palimpsest areas, indicating the sequence of superimposed petroglyphs. This approach is instantiated by the analysis of one of the palimpsests in the Shalabolino rock gallery, the Krasnoyarsk Territory

The results of the analysis cannot be used as an argument for attributing these petroglyphs to vastly different chronological periods. Rather, they provide new information relevant to the debate around the age of the Angara and Minusinsk petroglyphic styles in the Minusinsk Basin
The development of the human brain is a complex multi-stage process including the formation of various types of neural cells and their interactions. Many fundamental mechanisms of neurogenesis have been established due to the studying of model animals. However, significant differences in the brain structure compared to other animals do not allow considering all aspects of the human brain formation, which could play the main role in the development of unique cognitive abilities for human. Four years ago, Lancaster’s group elaborated human pluripotent stem cell-derived three-dimensional cerebral organoid technology, which opened a unique opportunity for researchers to model early stages of human neurogenesis in vitro. Cerebral organoids closely remodel many endogenous brain regions with specific cell composition like ventricular zone with radial glia, choroid plexus, and cortical plate with upper and deeper-layer neurons. Moreover, human brain development includes interactions between different brain regions. Generation of hybrid three-dimensional cerebral organoids with different brain region identity allows remodeling some of them, including long-distance neuronal migration or formation of major axonal tracts. In this review, we consider the technology of obtaining human pluripotent stem cell-derived three-dimensional cerebral organoids with different modifications and with different brain region identity. In addition, we discuss successful implementation of this technology in fundamental and applied research like modeling of different neurodevelopmental disorders and drug screening. Finally, we regard existing problems and prospects for development of human pluripotent stem cell-derived threedimensional cerebral organoid technology.