Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
The equations considered in this article have the form in which the time derivative of the unknown function is expressed as a double integral over the space variables of a weighted quadratic expression of the sought function. The domain of integration is unbounded and does not depend on time but depends on the space variable.

We study the Cauchy problem in the function classes accompanying the equation with initial data on the positive half-line. In application to this problem, the convergence of the successive approximation method is justified. An estimate is given of the quality of the approximation depending on the number of the iterated solution.

It is proved that, on some finite time interval, the posed Cauchy problem has at most one solution in the accompanying function class. An existence theorem is proved in the same class.
The problem of the interaction of long-wave perturbations of an external flow with a shock wave formed in supersonic flow past a wedge was considered in this paper.

The formulas for the amplitudes of long-wave disturbances are obtained from the general analytical solution for the perturbation amplitudes. This data are compared with the results of numerical simulation. A method for such a separation is proposed and its approbation is carried out in a numerical experiment.

It is shown that pulsations of different modes can be separated from the total pulsation field of the incoming flow due to the different amplitude of the transformation of the perturbations of various type behind the shock wave.
We present the simple procedure of the vapor-phase bromination of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) at moderate temperatures. MWNTs with average diameter9±3 nm were treated with Br 2 vapors at 250 ° C to produce Br-functionalized product.

Transmission electron microscopy analysis was used to prove low damage of MWNT walls during bromination. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) were used to investigate chemical composition of the surface of initial and brominated nanotubes. Additional experiments with bromination of annealed low-defected MWNTs were performed giving Br content a low as 0.75 wt. % proving this hypothesis.

The experimental results show that the structure of MWNTs is not affected by the bromination process and the total amount of Br-containing surface functions reaches 2.5 wt. %. Electrophysical properties of initial and brominated MWNTs were investigated showing decrease of conductivity for functionalized sample. Possible mechanism of the vapor-phase bromination via surface defects and oxygen-containing functional groups was proposed according to data obtained.
The results of a search for electroweakino pair production $$pp \rightarrow \tilde{\chi }^\pm _1 \tilde{\chi }^0_2$$ pp→χ~1±χ~20 in which the chargino ( $$\tilde{\chi }^\pm _1$$ χ~1± ) decays into a W boson and the lightest neutralino ( $$\tilde{\chi }^0_1$$ χ~10 ), while the heavier neutralino ( $$\tilde{\chi }^0_2$$ χ~20 ) decays into the Standard Model 125 GeV Higgs boson and a second $$\tilde{\chi }^0_1$$ χ~10 are presented.

The signal selection requires a pair of b -tagged jets consistent with those from a Higgs boson decay, and either an electron or a muon from the W boson decay, together with missing transverse momentum from the corresponding neutrino and the stable neutralinos. The analysis is based on data corresponding to 139 $$\mathrm {fb}^{-1}$$ fb-1 of $$\sqrt{s}=13$$ s=13 TeV pp collisions provided by the Large Hadron Collider and recorded by the ATLAS detector.

No statistically significant evidence of an excess of events above the Standard Model expectation is found. Limits are set on the direct production of the electroweakinos in simplified models, assuming pure wino cross-sections. Masses of $$\tilde{\chi }^{\pm }_{1}/\tilde{\chi }^{0}_{2}$$ χ~1±/χ~20 up to 740 GeV are excluded at 95% confidence level for a massless $$\tilde{\chi }^{0}_{1}$$ χ~10 .
The problem of the interaction of long-wave perturbations of an external flow with a shock wave formed in supersonic flow past a wedge was considered in this paper. The formulas for the amplitudes of long-wave disturbances are obtained from the general analytical solution for the perturbation amplitudes. This data are compared with the results of numerical simulation. It is shown that pulsations of different modes can be separated from the total pulsation field of the incoming flow due to the different amplitude of the transformation of the perturbations of various type behind the shock wave. A method for such a separation is proposed and its approbation is carried out in a numerical experiment.
We use the open-source code nek5000 to assess the accuracy of high-order spectral element large-eddy simulations (LES) of a turbulent channel flow depending on the spatial resolution compared to the direct numerical simulation (DNS). The Reynolds number Re = 6800 is considered based on the bulk velocity and half-width of the channel. The filtered governing equations are closed with the dynamic Smagorinsky model for subgrid stresses and heat flux. The results show very good agreement between LES and DNS for time-averaged velocity and temperature profiles and their fluctuations. Even the coarse LES grid which contains around 30 times less points than the DNS one provided predictions of the friction velocity within 2.0% accuracy interval.
Altai collision system of Hercynides was formed in Late Paleozoic as a result of oblique collision of Siberian continent and Kazakhstan composed terrane [Vladimirov et al., 2003; 2008; Xiao et al., 2010]. At the late stages of its evolution (time interval from 310–300 to 280–270 Ma) the huge different mafic and felsic magmatism occurred at the territory (Fig. 1) [Vladimirov et al., 2008; Khromykh et al., 2011, 2013, 2014, 2016; Kotler et al., 2015; Sokolova et al., 2016]. It is evident about increased thermal gradient in lithosphere and about significant role of mantle and active manifestation of mantle-crust interactions. Some magmatic complexes may be considered as indicators of mantle-crust interaction processes.
The estimation of the influence of external conditions on marker enzymes phenotypic classes ratios in agamospermous sugar beet progenies has been carried out.

It has been shown that different ways of flowering sugar beet plant branches isolation lead to different ratios of marker enzyme phenotypes in a developing agamospermous seed progeny.

The obtained data are an additional confirmation of the hypothesis about the presence of differential chromosomes polyteny and its dependence on external conditions.
We report a study of the decay ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}D{K}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ followed by $D\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$, where $D$ indicates ${D}^{0}$ or ${\overline{D}}^{0}$. We reconstruct the $D{K}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ state in a phase space corresponding to $D{K}^{*}(892{)}^{0}$. The $CP$-violating angle ${\ensuremath{\phi}}_{3}$ affects its decay rate via the interference between $b\ensuremath{\rightarrow}u$ and $b\ensuremath{\rightarrow}c$ transitions.

The result is obtained from a $711\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ data sample that contains $772\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}B\overline{B}$ pairs collected at the $\ensuremath{\Upsilon}(4S)$ resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collider.

We measure the ratio ${\mathcal{R}}_{D{K}^{*0}}\ensuremath{\equiv}\ensuremath{\Gamma}({B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}[{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{]}_{D}{K}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}})/\ensuremath{\Gamma}({B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}[{K}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{]}_{D}{K}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}})$ to be $({4.5}_{\ensuremath{-}5.0\ensuremath{-}1.8}^{+5.6+2.8})\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$, and set an upper limit of ${\mathcal{R}}_{D{K}^{*0}}<0.16$ at the 95% credible interval.
The phytohormone auxin regulates virtually every developmental process in land plants. This regulation is mediated via de-repression of DNA-binding auxin response factors (ARFs). ARFs bind TGTC-containing auxin response cis-elements (AuxREs), but there is growing evidence that additional cis-elements occur in auxin-responsive regulatory regions. The repertoire of auxin-related cis-elements and their involvement in different modes of auxin response are not yet known. Here we analyze the enrichment of nucleotide hexamers in upstream regions of auxin-responsive genes associated with auxin up- or down-regulation, with early or late response, ARF-binding domains, and with different chromatin states. Intriguingly, hexamers potentially bound by basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) and basic leucine zipper (bZIP) factors as well as a family of A/T-rich hexamers are more highly enriched in auxin-responsive regions than canonical TGTC-containing AuxREs. We classify and annotate the whole spectrum of enriched hexamers and discuss their patterns of enrichment related to different modes of auxin response.
This article is devoted to study the swirling flow with the formation of the precessing vortex core (PVC) in the cone of the model of the draft tube of the hydraulic turbine. The experiments were carried out on the aerodynamic set-up both in stationary and in transient regimes of operation of the hydraulic turbine. The hydraulic turbine operating conditions were varied by continuously changing the flow rate at a constant rotor speed. The formation of the PVC in the flow and the maximum level of pressure pulsations in the regime modeling the partial load regime of a turbine are revealed. The boundaries of the occurrence of the PVC effect are determined with varying rotor speed and air flow rate. It was found that the dependence of the PVC lifetime in transition regimes correlate with the transition time. It was shown that the velocity profiles in transient conditions change quasistatically between the operation regime with partial loading of the turbine and the regime of the highest efficiency of the turbine.
A source of epithermal neutrons based on a vacuum-insulated tandem accelerator and a lithium target is developed for the technique of boron neutron capture therapy.

A 2 MeV stationary proton beam with a current of up to 5 mA was obtained in the accelerator. With a view of increasing the current, the transport of a beam of negative hydrogen ions from the ion source to the accelerator is studied using a wire scanner OWS-30 (D-Pace, Canada) and a movable diaphragm. Dependences of the ion beam profile and the current on the residual gas pressure are measured and the influence of the space charge is detected. We measured the phase portrait of the beam in the radial and azimuth directions and discovered the effect produced by the aberrations of the focusing magnetic lens. We also gaged the value of the normalized beam emittance.

The change in beam focusing mode and the introduction of optical diagnostics of the beam position in the diaphragm of the first accelerating electrode made it possible to significantly improve the stability of the accelerator operation at high current of the proton beam, up to 6.7 mA.
We observe that fullerene graphs are one-skeletons of polyhedra, which can be realized with all dihedral angles equal to π /2 in a hyperbolic 3-dimensional space. One of the most important invariants of such a polyhedron is its volume. We are referring this volume as a hyperbolic volume of a fullerene. It is known that some topological indices of graphs of chemical compounds serve as strong descriptors and correlate with chemical properties. We demonstrate that hyperbolic volume of fullerenes correlates with few important topological indices and so, hyperbolic volume can serve as a chemical descriptor too. The correlation between hyperbolic volume of fullerene and its Wiener index suggested few conjectures on volumes of hyperbolic polyhedra. These conjectures are confirmed for the initial list of fullerenes.
A new model of TU game is introduced and studied. Here apart from the characteristic function, two additional functions are used: relations between the players and the probability of coalition formation.

We suggest and study the sufficient properties of the probability function to transform it into a probability measure. The generalized Shapley's value is defined for a new class of games by analogy with the original Shapley approach.

For the games under study, we give the axiomatization of value functions. It unambiguously characterizes the (generalized) Shapley's value.
Varicose veins of the lower limbs are one of the most common and wide-spread pathology all around the world. What triggers the specific changes in a vein wall still remains unclear as well as what happens in the layers of the vein wall after the disease starts.

The aim of the article is to analyze published data and results of researches on epidemiology, genetics, cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying varicose veins pathogenesis. Comprehensive assessment of the epidemiological data on the prevalence of varicose veins and risk factors, of the findings from genetic studies, of data on molecular-cell interactions as well as results of various surgical interventions in patients with varicose veins.

It is now commonly accepted that vein wall changes in patients with varicose veins result from vein-specific inflammation. This process includes leukocytes adhesion to venous endothelium with their subsequent migration into the vein wall and surrounding tissues. Activated leukocytes express a number of molecules that lead to vein wall remodeling and dilation. shows that remodeling is a reversible process that can be stopped and reversed by different stimuli including some chemical substances. For the first time in the literature, the authors assume that varicose veins can be successfully cured pharmacologically with no surgical interventions needed.
Dendritic cells (DCs) are known to contribute to the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) through presentation of cartilage glycoprotein, production of proinflammatory cytokines and activation of Th1/Th17 responses. DCs are a heterogeneous population and can be divided into groups: myeloid (mDCs) and plasmacytoid (pDCs). DCs can induce both immune response and tolerance.

Fifty two patients with early RA (duration of the disease up to 12 months) were included in the study. All patients fullfield ACR/EULAR criteria (2010) and received methotrexate, leflunomide, sulfasalazine or their combination. Fifty five patients with osteoarthritis (OA) used as a control group. Analysis of the content of the B-lymphocytes, myeloid and plasmacytoid DCs was carried out by flow cytometry. B-lymphocytes, subtypes of peripheral blood DCs were characterized by the following phenotypes: myeloid DCs (CD3-CD14-CD19-HLA-DR + CD11c + CD123-), plasmacytoid DCs (CD3-CD14-CD19-HLA-DR + CD11c-CD123 +), B-lymphocytes (CD19 +). Analyses were performed before treatment and after 3 and 6 months.

The data obtained confirm the determining role of myeloid DC and B lymphocytes in maintaining systemic inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis. In addition, these cells are a target of DMARDs therapy and a predictor of a good clinical response.
Using analytical theory and particle-in-cell simulations, we study two mechanisms of electromagnetic emission which can result in enhanced radiation of electromagnetic waves near the plasma frequency and its second harmonic in laboratory beam-plasma experiments at the GOL-3T open trap. The first mechanism works in a thin rippled density plasma with the thickness comparable with the radiation wavelength while the second one is based on the linear mode conversion and requires large plasma sizes in comparison with the typical wavelength of plasma oscillations.
When a metal plate is subjected to a strong shock impact, its free surface emits a flow of particles of different sizes (shock-wave "dusting"). Traditionally, the process of dusting is investigated by the methods of pulsed x-ray or piezoelectric sensor or via an optical technique. The particle size ranges from a few microns to hundreds of microns. The flow is assumed to include also finer particles, which cannot be detected with the existing methods yet. On the accelerator complex VEPP-3-VEPP-4 at the BINP there are two experiment stations for research on fast processes, including explosion ones. The stations enable measurement of both passed radiation (absorption) and small-angle x-ray scattering on synchrotron radiation (SR). Radiation is detected with a precision high-speed detector DIMEX. The detector has an internal memory of 32 frames, which enables recording of the dynamics of the process (shooting of movies) with intervals of 250 ns to 2 μs. Flows of nano- and microparticles from free surfaces of various materials (copper and tin) have been examined. Microparticle flows were emitted from grooves of 50-200 μs in size and joints (gaps) between metal parts. With the soft x-ray spectrum of SR one can explore the dynamics of a single microjet of micron size. The dynamics of density distribution along micro jets were determined. Under a shock wave (∼ 60 GPa) acting on tin disks, flows of microparticles from a smooth surface were recorded.
Understanding the population structure and mechanisms of taxa diversification is important for organisms responsible for the transmission of human diseases. Two vectors of West Nile virus, Culex pipiens pipiens and Cx. p. molestus, exhibit epidemiologically important behavioral and physiological differences, but the whole-genome divergence between them was unexplored.

The goal of this study is to better understand the level of genomic differentiation and population structures of Cx. p. pipiens and Cx. p. molestus from different continents. We sequenced and compared the whole genomes of 40 individual mosquitoes from two locations in Eurasia and two in North America. Principal Component, ADMIXTURE, and neighbor joining analyses of the nuclear genomes identified two major intercontinental, monophyletic clusters of Cx. p. pipiens and Cx. p. molestus. The level of genomic differentiation between the subspecies was uniform along chromosomes. The ADMIXTURE analysis determined signatures of admixture in Cx. p. pipens populations but not in Cx. p. molestus populations. Comparison of mitochondrial genomes among the specimens showed a paraphyletic origin of the major haplogroups between the subspecies but a monophyletic structure between the continents.

Thus, our study identified that Cx. p. molestus and Cx. p. pipiens represent different evolutionary units with monophyletic origin that have undergone incipient ecological speciation.
From December 2011 to May 2014, about 5 fb−1 of data were taken with the BESIII detector at center-of-mass energies between 3.810 GeV and 4.600 GeV to study the charmonium-like states and higher excited charmonium states.

The time-integrated luminosity of the collected data sample is measured to a precision of 1% by analyzing events produced by the large-angle Bhabha scattering process.
A review of foreign studies on the relationship between these constructs is given.

Revised NEO Personality Inventory [Orel, Senin, 2004] and the New Questionnaire of Tolerance of Uncertainty [Kornilova, 2010] was used in order to test the relationship between personality traits and tolerance of uncertainty, intolerance of uncertainty and interpersonal intolerance of uncertainty.

The paper presents the preliminary results of testing the relationship of tolerance of uncertainty, intolerance of uncertainty and interpersonal intolerance of uncertainty and personality traits on a sample of 87 people.
New nanoporous carbon-SiO2 composite materials were synthesized from organic raw materials (rice shells)

their electrochemical properties were investigated by cyclic voltammetry in liquid electrolytes (6 M KOH or 1 M H2SO4)

A correlation between specific capacitance and specific surface area was observed. Due to high specific capacitance of 90 F/g the carbon materials under study may be regarded as promising electrode materials for electrochemical supercapacitors.
Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (Tdp1) is a DNA repair enzyme that mends topoisomerase 1-mediated DNA damage. Tdp1 is a current inhibition target for the development of improved anticancer treatments, as its inhibition may enhance the therapeutic effect of topoisomerase 1 poisons.

Here, we report a study on the development of a novel class of Tdp1 inhibitors that is based on the octahydro-2H-chromene scaffold. Inhibition and binding assays revealed that these compounds are potent inhibitors of Tdp1, with IC50 and KD values in the low micromolar concentration range. Molecular modelling predicted plausible conformations of the active ligands, blocking access to the enzymatic machinery of Tdp1.

Our results thus help establish a structural-activity relationship for octahydro-2H-chromene-based Tdp1 inhibitors, which will be useful for future Tdp1 inhibitor development work.
The set of equations which describes a non-steady 3D flow of non-isothermal liquid film in the presence of thermocapillary effect is deduced in the long-wave approach. The used model is applicable for moderate Reynolds's numbers Re∼10 and does not imply in advance set the profile of temperature in a film. The linear analysis of a stability of a film in relation to perturbations in spanwise direction is carried out and dispersion relations are gained. Nonlinear development of instability is investigated numerically in cases of 2D and 3D flow and appearance of quasistationary rivulet structure. Influence of dimensionless parameteres on characteristic scales of rivulet structures is revealed.
The literature review presents the results of studies carried out in the world over the past years, devoted to the study of factors and markers of oxidative stress in the development of therapeutic diseases, especially cardiovascular diseases.

The article describes the results of studies using enzyme immunoassay of such biomarkers of oxidative stress as glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, oxidatively modified low density lipoproteins, carbonylated proteins, as well as the general antioxidant capacity of the blood.
The method of stochastic molecular modeling, developed by the authors for calculating the transport coefficients of rarefied gas in a free medium, is generalized to describe transport processes in confined conditions.

The phase trajectories of the studied molecular system are simulated stochastically, and the simulation of the dynamics of the molecule is split into processes. First, its shift in the configuration space is realized, and then a possible collision with other molecules is played out. The calculation of all observables, in particular, the transport coefficients is carried out by averaging over an ensemble of independent phase trajectories. The interaction of gas molecules with the boundary is described by mirror or mirror-diffuse laws. The efficiency of the algorithm is demonstrated by calculating the selfdiffusion coefficient of argon in the nanochannel. The accuracy of modeling is investigated, its dependence on the number of particles and phase trajectories used for averaging.

The viscosity of rarefied gases in the nanochannel has been systematically studied. It is shown that it is non-isotropic, and its difference along and across the channel is determined by the interaction of gas molecules with the channel walls. By changing the material of the walls, it is possible to significantly change the viscosity of the gas, and it can be several times greater than in volume, or less. The indicated anisotropy of viscosity is recorded not only in nano-, but also in microchannels.
We report the genome sequence of an avian influenza virus (AIV) subtype H8N8, isolated in Russia.

The genome analysis shows that all genes belong to AIV Eurasian lineages.

The PB2 gene was similar to a Mongolian low-pathogenic (LP) AIV H7N1 and a Chinese high-pathogenic (HP) AIV H5N2.