Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
The system is designed to cover all stages of the preliminary analysis – from the agricultural problem formulation to the provision of an analytical report, forecast or recommendation. Based on the knowledge generated by the system, a person who does not even have a special education in agriculture can make an adequate managerial decision. It is also proposed to use, in addition to the well-known models (imitation, optimization, and others), the concept of agent modeling, on which many modern foreign systems of predictive technologies in agriculture are based.

The architecture of an agrarian intelligent system is proposed, which forms the basis for a selflearning management decision support system. The system consists of the following set of modules and blocks: the space of agricultural tasks, the space of data sources, data storage, journals, the space of models, the documentation space of decision support, the task (as an element of space), formalization of user data, formation of an input data array for applying the model, the model output data, indicators, models, the access to journals, data selection, the active circuit of the agrarian intelligent system, nodes of the agrarian intelligent system.

In the future this system will be able to automate the mаnаgement of agricultural processes within the framework of the approach referred to as “Smart farming”. The ﬂ exibility of the system allows one to adapt it in order to solve the widest range of agricultural producer problems depending on the enterprise production specialization, climatic conditions of agricultural activities, the choice of cultivated crops and the level of intensiﬁ cation of agricultural technologies. The system is built as ﬂ exible and wide as possible in order to adapt to various requests, including those that may arise in the future, but have not yet been formulated at present.
Purpose of the work: to present a method for diagnosing the activity of inflammatory bowel diseases based on a combination of electrical and viscoelastic parameters of erythrocytes and the level of fecal calprotectin.

Materials and methods. We examined 109 patients (37.7±11.7 years) with IBD (50 with ulcerative colitis, 41 with Crohn’s disease, 18 patients with unclassified colitis), of which 36 patients were examined in dynamics for 0.5–1 years, and 53 surveyed comparison groups. Taking into account the observation in dynamics in 109 cases, the presence of exacerbation of IBD was established and in 36 cases — remission of the diseases. The electrical and viscoelastic parameters of erythrocytes were studied by dielectrophoresis. The level of fecal calprotectin was determined by ELISA (R-Biopharm, Germany).

Results. Differentiating values have been established for a number of erythrocyte parameters: average cell diameter, polarizability at a frequency of 106 Hz, the velocity of movement of cells towards electrodes, amplitude of erythrocyte deformation at a frequency of 106 Hz, the summarized indicators of rigidity, viscosity, electrical conductivity, position of the crossover frequency and the level of fecal calprotectin to distinguish patients with IBD in stages of exacerbation and remission. The proposed method for the combined use of erythrocyte parameters and the level of fecal calprotectin provided sufficient diagnostic accuracy: sensitivity 91.9%, specificity 93.1%, accuracy index 92.3%. The advantages of this approach are minimally invasiveness, high productivity, independence of the definition from the qualifications and experience of a specialist, low cost and labor intensity, and acceptability for the patient. This approach allows to establish the presence of exacerbation or remission, regardless of the nosological form of IBD. Conclusion. The combined use of electrical and viscoelastic parameters of erythrocytes and the level of fecal calprotectin is promising for determining the activity of the disease in patients with IBD.
This article is devoted to the study of the thermophysical properties of nanofluids with single-walled and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT). Their weight concentration varied from 0.05 to 0.2%. Nanofluids, based on ethylene glycol and water, were studied. Dispersants were also used.

The diffusion of CNT had been systematically investigated by the method of dynamic light scattering and their effective hydrodynamic dimensions were determined. The rheology and viscosity of all nanofluids were studied.

It is shown that nanofluids are either pseudoplastic or viscoplastic. Their rheology changes with increasing CNT concentration and temperature. However, in all cases, the viscosity of nanofluids with single-walled CNTs is significantly higher than that of nanofluids with multi-walled CNTs. In the last part, the electrical conductivity of all these nanofluids and the dispersants effect on it are investigated.
We analyse correspondence of a text to a simple probabilistic model. The model assumes that the words are selected independently from an infinite dictionary. The probability distribution correspond to the Zipf---Mandelbrot law.

We count sequentially the numbers of different words in the text and get the process of the numbers of different words. Then we estimate Zipf---Mandelbrot law parameters using the same sequence and construct an estimate of the expectation of the number of different words in the text. Then we subtract the corresponding values of the estimate from the sequence and normalize along the coordinate axes, obtaining a random process on a segment from 0 to 1. We develop and implement an algorithm for approximate calculation of eigenvalues of the covariance function of the limit Gaussian process, and then an algorithm for calculating the probability distribution of the integral of the square of this process.

We prove that this process (the empirical text bridge) converges weakly in the uniform metric on $C (0,1)$ to a centered Gaussian process with continuous a.s. paths. We use the algorithm to analyze uniformity of texts in English, French, Russian and Chinese.
Atka is a subduction-related volcanic island located in the central part of Aleutian Arc. The northeastern part of this island forms the Atka Volcanic Complex (AVC), which is built as a relict shield volcano of a circular shape overlain by several active and extinct volcanic vents of different ages. During the past few decades, two active volcanoes within AVC—Korovin and Kliuchef—demonstrated mostly phreatic eruptions and intensive fumarolic activity. We have created the first tomographic model of the crust beneath AVC with the use of data of eight permanent stations of the Alaskan Volcanological Observatory operated in the time period from 2004 to 2017 that included arrival times of the P and S waves from local seismicity. Based on a series of checkerboard tests, we have demonstrated fair vertical and horizontal resolution of the model down to ~6 km depth. Beneath the Korovin and Kliuchef volcanoes, we have revealed two isolated anomalies of high Vp/Vs with values exceeding 2, which represent separate magma chambers that are responsible for magmatic eruptions of these two volcanoes. In shallow layers down to 2–3 km deep, we observe an alternation of zones with low and high values of the Vp/Vs ratio, which are likely associated with the circulation of meteoric fluids in the uppermost crust. Moderately high Vp/Vs anomalies indicate zones of meteoric water penetration down to the ground. On the other hand, the very low values of Vp/Vs reaching 1.5 depict the areas where meteoric water reached the hot magma reservoir and transformed into steam. On the surface, these zones coincide with the distributions of fumaroles. The outflow of these steam currents from active vents of Korovin and Kliuchef led to episodic phreatic eruptions, sometimes synchronous.
A proper vertex-colouring of a graph is acyclic if there are no 2-coloured cycles. It is known that every planar graph is acyclically 5-colourable, and that there are planar graphs with acyclic chromatic number χa = 5 and girth g = 4.

It is proved here that a planar graph satisfies χa ⩽ 4 if g ⩾ 5 and χa ⩽ 3 if g ⩾ 7.

A planar graph satisfies χa ⩽ 4 if g ⩾ 5 and χa ⩽ 3 if g ⩾ 7.
The computer modelling results for Kuonamka source rock evolution in catagenesis are represented for the area of North Tunguska petroleum region for pre-igneous period. Petroleum generation hotbeds are determined. Petroleum resources indirect assessment is made for Kuonamka source rock for pre-igneous period.
Pre-reforming of propane was studied over an industrial nickel-chromium catalyst under pressures of 1 and 5 bar, at a low steam to carbon molar ratio of 1, in the temperature range of 220–380 °C and at flow rates of 4000 and 12,000 h−1.

A genetic algorithm was applied to search for kinetic parameters better fitting experimental results in such a wide range of experimental conditions. Power law and Langmuir–Hinshelwood kinetics were considered.

It was shown that propane conversion proceeded more efficiently at low pressure (1 atm) and temperatures above 350 °C. It was shown that only Langmuir–Hinshelwood type kinetics correctly described the experimental data and could be used to simulate the process of propane pre-reforming and predict propane conversion under the given reaction conditions. The significance of Langmuir–Hinshelwood kinetics increases under high pressure and temperatures below 350 °C.
Efficient teaching and learning modern methods of molecular biology and population genetics in a two-week study course for high school students needs an attractive subject. We chose phylogeography of the domestic cat as the subject of our project because 1) everybody likes cats; 2) cats are polymorphic for several coat color mutations, which can be easily detected by street survey or in the photographs; 3) samples for DNA extraction are easy to collect without posing ethical and biosafety problems; 4) rich background information of geographical distribution of coat color alleles and variation in mtDNA is available; 5) phylogeography of cat population in Russia is poorly studied and therefore new data collected in this large territory may shed a light on the global cat distribution and on the origin of the fancy breeds.

During the project students studied coat color and mitotype distribution across Russian random bred cats. The basics of field (observations of natural cat populations, hair collection), formal (inheritance of coat colors), mathematical population (allele frequency distributions and their comparisons, building phylogenetic trees, multidimensional scaling), and molecular (DNA extraction and amplification, quality control of DNA sequencing data) genetics were covered. We scored coat color phenotypes in 1182 cats and sequenced mtDNA control region from hair samples of 38 cats from 18 geographical sites.

Analysis of coat color alleles frequencies and mitotype distribution confirmed relative homogeneity of gene pools of Russian cat populations, indicating their recent origin. We found several unique mitotypes and demonstrated that OL1 mitotype, previously found only in Siberian fancy breed, was present in random bred cats from several Russian cities. This contributes to the discussion on the origin of the Siberian breed of cats, and supports the view that Siberians is a recent breed created in the 1980s by breeding of selected representatives of the random bred population.
Emerging evidence suggests that obesity impacts brain physiology at multiple levels. Here we aimed to clarify the relationship between obesity and brain structure using structural MRI (n = 6420) and genetic data (n = 3907) from the ENIGMA Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) working group. Obesity (BMI > 30) was significantly associated with cortical and subcortical abnormalities in both mass-univariate and multivariate pattern recognition analyses independent of MDD diagnosis. The most pronounced effects were found for associations between obesity and lower temporo-frontal cortical thickness (maximum Cohen´s d (left fusiform gyrus) = −0.33). The observed regional distribution and effect size of cortical thickness reductions in obesity revealed considerable similarities with corresponding patterns of lower cortical thickness in previously published studies of neuropsychiatric disorders. A higher polygenic risk score for obesity significantly correlated with lower occipital surface area. In addition, a significant age-by-obesity interaction on cortical thickness emerged driven by lower thickness in older participants. Our findings suggest a neurobiological interaction between obesity and brain structure under physiological and pathological brain conditions.
Besides an antigen-presenting function and ability to induce antitumor immune responses, dendritic cells (DCs) possess a direct tumoricidal activity. We previously reported that monocyte-derived IFNα-induced DCs (IFN-DCs) of glioblastoma multiforme patients express low levels of membrane TNFα molecule (mTNFα) and have impaired TNFα/TNF-R1-mediated cytotoxicity against immortalized tumor cell line HEp-2. However, whether the observed defect could affect killer activity of glioma patient DCs against autologous tumor cells remained unclear. Here, we show that donor IFN-DCs possess cytotoxic activity against glioblastoma cell lines derived from a primary tumor culture. Granule-mediated and TNFα/TNF-R1-dependent pathways were established as the main mechanisms underlying cytotoxic activity of IFN-DCs. Glioblastoma patient IFN-DCs showed lower cytotoxicity against autologous glioblastoma cells sensitive to TNFα/TNFR1-mediated lysis, which was associated with low TNFα mRNA expression and high TACE/ADAM-17 enzyme activity. Recombinant IL-2 (rIL-2) and human double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) increased 1.5-fold cytotoxic activity of patient IFN-DCs against autologous glioblastoma cells. dsDNA, but not rIL-2, enhanced the expression of TNFα mRNA and decreased expression and activity of TACE/ADAM-17 enzyme. In addition, dsDNA and rIL-2 stimulated the expression of perforin and granzyme B (in the presence of dsDNA), suggesting the possibility of enhancing DC cytotoxicity against autologous glioblastoma cells via various mechanisms.
Three decades after the prediction of charge-vortex duality in the critical vicinity of the two-dimensional superconductor-insulator transition (SIT), one of the fundamental implications of this duality-the charge Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) transition that should occur on the insulating side of the SIT-has remained unobserved. The dual picture of the process points to the existence of a superinsulating state endowed with zero conductance at finite temperature.

Here, we report the observation of the charge BKT transition on the insulating side of the SIT in 10 nm thick NbTiN films, identified by the BKT critical behavior of the temperature and magnetic field dependent resistance, and map out the magnetic-field dependence of the critical temperature of the charge BKT transition.

Finally, we ascertain the effects of the finite electrostatic screening length and its divergence at the magnetic field-tuned approach to the superconductor-insulator transition.
The basic problems of the previous generations of the mirror traps, like MHD and kinetic stability and longitudinal thermal conductivity, were successfully solved, making it possible to reach temperatures much higher than it was supposed by the sceptics in early 2000-s. This paper sums up the experiments on magnetic mirrors in the Budker INP and their contribution to the next-step linear machine efforts. Current program of the linear machines for fusion exploits both experimentally verified and recently proposed methods of the longitudinal particle and energy loss suppression. Linear machine with improved enough longitudinal confinement is suitable for fusion with advanced fuels. Ways of the suppression are verified at GDT (gas-dynamic), GOL-NB (multiple-mirror), SMOLA (helical) and CAT (diamagnetic) devices. Next-generation GDMT project includes all the discussed ideas.
Schumann resonance transients which propagate around the globe can potentially generate a correlated background in widely separated gravitational-wave detectors. We show that due to the distribution of lightning hotspots around the globe, these transients have characteristic time lags, and this feature can be useful to further suppress such a background, especially in searches of the stochastic gravitational-wave background. A brief review of the corresponding literature on Schumann resonances and lightnings is also given.
The Russian punctuation is a system of signs with its own functions and its own formal organization, different from the organization of alphabetic characters, numbers and other written signs of the Russian language. In terms of formal organization, punctuation marks differ from two-dimension characters in geometry and in onedimensionality or even zero-dimensionality.

In terms of function, they are used as signs of articulation and organization of the text (as the metatext by A. Wierzbicka). Punctuation marks are located between graphic (linguistic-visual) and paragraphic (nonlinguistic visual) systems of writing. They perform their function in combination with the system of spaces (word space, arbitrary line end, empty part of the page, empty page) and paragraph tools.

The punctuation is similar in function to road signs and computer text markup but unlike them punctuation marks are situated on the line alternately with the main objects of the writing.
The black kite Milvus migrans is a common bird of prey demonstrating remarkable ecological plasticity. It inhabits a variety of habitats and is an increasingly synanthropic species. The black kite is widespread in Eurasia, Africa, Australia and adjacent islands. Palearctic kites migrate to Africa, India and China in winter, but kites of Africa and Australia are partly sedentary and partly seasonal migrants. The wide range and high mobility are the reasons of a complex population structure of the black kite. Commonly five to seven M. migrans subspecies are distinguished, each of which is widespread over extensive areas and has more or less an apparent phenotype. Recently, studies of genetic differences between black kite populations started to emerge. On the grounds of earlier studies of mitochondrial and nuclear genes of this species, we check whether there is a genetic support for separation of the black kite subspecies. Recent studies of some mitochondrial loci substantiate the recognition of at least the European (M. m. migrans), Asian (M. m. lineatus and M. m. govinda), African (M. m. aegyptius and M. m. parasitus), and Australian (M. m. affinis) black kite subspecies. Furthermore, the mitochondrial haplotype difference suggests that the African yellow-billed kite, including M. m. aegyptius and M. m. parasitus, should be a separate species as already proposed, or even two separate species.
Grammatical category of quantity is absent in the Japanese language but there are many different grammatical, lexical, derivational and morphological modes of expression of quantity.

This paper provides an analysis of the lexical mode of expression of quantitative meanings and their semantics with the help of onomatopoeic (giongo) and mimetic (gitaigo) words in the Japanese language.

Based on the analysis, we have distinguished the following semantic groups: mimetic words A) existence of some (large or small) quantity (things, phenomena and people), B) degree of change of quantity; and onomatopoeic words A) single sound, B) repetitive sounds.
A measurement of the number of J/ψ events collected with the BESIII detector in 2009 and 2012 is performed using inclusive decays of the J/ψ. The number of J/ψ events taken in 2009 is recalculated to be (223.7 ± 1.4) × 106, which is in good agreement with the previous measurement, but with significantly improved precision due to improvements in the BESIII software.

The number of J/ψ events taken in 2012 is determined to be (1086.9 ± 6.0) × 106.

In total, the number of J/ψ events collected with the BESIII detector is measured to be (1310.6 ± 7.0) × 106, where the uncertainty is dominated by systematic effects and the statistical uncertainty is negligible.
To test the hypothesis that inaccurate DNA synthesis by mammalian DNA polymerase eta (pol eta) contributes to somatic hypermutation (SHM) of Ig genes

we measured the error specificity of mouse pol eta during synthesis of each strand of a mouse Ig kappa light chain transgene. We then compared the results to the base substitution specificity of SHM of this same gene in the mouse. The in vitro and in vivo base substitution spectra shared a number of common features.

A highly significant correlation was observed for overall substitutions at A-T pairs but not for substitutions at G-C pairs. Sixteen mutational hotspots at A-T pairs observed in vivo were also found in spectra generated by mouse pol eta in vitro. The correlation was strongest for errors made by pol eta during synthesis of the non-transcribed strand, but it was also observed for synthesis of the transcribed strand. These facts, and the distribution of substitutions generated in vivo, support the hypothesis that pol eta contributes to SHM of Ig genes at A-T pairs via short patches of low fidelity DNA synthesis of both strands, but with a preference for the non-transcribed strand.
Based on the works of the main theorists of metamodernism R. Akker and T. Vermeulen, the author of the article focuses on the reception of post-irony, which due to the oscillation (fluctuation of sense) blurs the line between irony and seriousness. Being a universal culture phenomenon, post-irony as means of deconstruction has penetrated various types of art and has dominated certain sectors of the modern media space.

The article studies the methods of deconstructing the image of the hero in journalistic texts of the 21st century from the metamodernism perspective. Based on the examples of two genres of modern journalism – newspaper obituary and interview – the author identifies the main rhetorical devices of deconstruction, which mainly rely on post-irony.
We report the first measurement of the $T$-odd moments in the decay ${D}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}_{S}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$ from a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $966\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ collected by the Belle experiment at the KEKB asymmetric-energy ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collider.

From these moments we determine the $CP$-violation-sensitive asymmetry ${a}_{CP}^{T\text{-odd}}=[\ensuremath{-}0.28\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.38(\mathrm{stat}.{)}_{\ensuremath{-}0.76}^{+0.23}(\mathrm{syst}.)]\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$, which is consistent with no $CP$ violation.

In addition, we perform ${a}_{CP}^{T\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{odd}}$ measurements in different regions of the ${D}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}_{S}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$ phase space; these are also consistent with no $CP$ violation.
In this article we present the algorithms of the automated analysis of metrical, strophic and concordance characteristics of Russian poetic texts, realized in the form of processing software of the poetic texts, which can be an important learning tool for philologists in comprehensive analysis of the poems.

The results of the such of analysis will allow to expand essentially the possibilities of the philologists who study as the listed levels of verses, as their semantic and pragmatic characteristics, and also to free the philologists from routine work, to expand the range of analyzed works by reducing the dependence of the quality of the comparative analysis on the personal knowledge of the researcher, and also to apply the different methods of intellectual analysis of data.