Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
We have characterized the human cell line arised from the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) positive multiple myeloma aspirate subjected to the long-term cultivation. This cell line has acquired the ability to form free-floating spheres and to produce a xenograft upon transplantation into NOD/SCID mice. Cells from both in vitro culture and developed xenografts were investigated with a number of analytical approaches, including pathomorphological analysis, FISH analysis, and analysis of the surface antigens and of the VDJ locus rearrangement. The obtained results, as well as the confirmed presence of EBV, testify that both biological systems are derived from B-cells, which, in turn, is a progeny of the EBV-transformed B-cellular clone that supplanted the primordial multiple myeloma cells. Next we assessed whether cells that (i) were constantly present in vitro in the investigated cell line, (ii) were among the sphere-forming cells, and (iii) were capable of internalizing a fluorescent TAMRA-labeled DNA probe (TAMRA+ cells) belonged to one of the three types of undifferentiated bone marrow cells of a multiple myeloma patient: CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells, CD90+ mesenchymal stem cells, and clonotypic multiple myeloma cell. TAMRA+ cells were shown to constitute the fourth independent subpopulation of undifferentiated bone marrow cells of the multiple myeloma patient. We have demonstrated the formation of ectopic contacts between TAMRA+ cells and cells of other types in culture, in particular with CD90+ mesenchymal stem cells, followed by the transfer of some TAMRA+ cell material into the contacted cell.
A computational method, to predict the pKa values of the ionizable residues Asp, Glu, His, Tyr, and Lys of proteins, is presented here. Calculation of the electrostatic free-energy of the proteins is based on an efficient version of a continuum dielectric electrostatic model. The conformational flexibility of the protein is taken into account by carrying out molecular dynamics simulations of 10 ns in implicit water. The accuracy of the proposed method of calculation of pKa values is estimated from a test set of experimental pKa data for 297 ionizable residues from 34 proteins. The pKa-prediction test shows that, on average, 57, 86, and 95% of all predictions have an error lower than 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 pKa units, respectively. This work contributes to our general understanding of the importance of protein flexibility for an accurate computation of pKa, providing critical insight about the significance of the multiple neutral states of acid and histidine residues for pKa-prediction, and may spur significant progress in our effort to develop a fast and accurate electrostatic-based method for pKa-predictions of proteins as a function of pH.
Впервые изучены нуклеотидные последовательности ITS1 кластера генов рРНК марит черноморских трематод Cainocreadium flesi Korniychuk & Gaevskaya, 2000 от камбалы глоссы Platichthys flesus (депонированы в GenBank с номерами MG980645, MG980646), Cainocreadium sp. от морского налима Gaidropsarus mediterraneus (MG980643, MG980644, MK248037, MK248038) и Helicometra fasciata (Rud., 1819) от собачки-павлина Salaria pavo (MG980647, MG980648).

ITS1-последовательности черноморских трематод C. flesi и Cainocreadium sp. оказались идентичными, однако, ввиду морфологических отличий между этими гостальными морфами, видовой статус трематод от морского налима пока не определён.

По четырём позициям ITS1-последовательности черноморских Cainocreadium отличались от аналогичных последовательностей, описанных у церкарий близкородственного средиземноморского вида, C. labracis. Пять инсерций-делеций и 38 нуклеотидных замен отличают ITS1-последовательности черноморских Cainocreadium от аналогичных последовательностей представителей ещё одного средиземноморского вида этого рода, C. dentecis. ITS1-последовательности черноморских и средиземноморских образцов H. fasciata также различаются: выявлено пять нуклеотидных замен и 11 инсерций-делеций.
Rheumatoid polyarthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease with autoantibodies, including antibodies to citrullant antigens and proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α and IL-6, which are involved in the induction of chronic synovitis, bone erosion, followed by deformity. Immunopathogenesis is based on the mechanisms of the breakdown of immune tolerance to its own antigens, which is characterized by an increase in the activity of T-effector cells, causing RA symptomatology. At the same time, against the background of such increased activity of effector lymphocytes, a decrease in the activity of a number of regulatory cells, including regulatory T-cells (Treg) and myeloid suppressor cells, is recorded. There is reason to say that it is the change in the activity of suppressor cells that is the leading element in RA pathogenesis. That is why only periods of weakening (remission) of RA are spoken of. According to the more powerful female immune system compared to the male one, the risk of developing RA in women is thrice as high, this risk decreases during breastfeeding and grows during pregnancy as well as after menopause in proportion to the level of sex hormones. It is believed that 50 % of the risk of developing RA depends on the conditions and lifestyle, while the remaining 50 % is dependent on genetic predisposition. That is why, RA fits the main idea of postgenomic predictive-preventive personalized medicine that is to give a chance to those who would like to reduce his/her risk of diseases by bringing his/her conditions and lifestyle in line with the data on his/her genome sequenced. This is very important, since doctors consider RA as one of the most frequent causes of disability. Using the Web service SNP_TATA_Z-tester (http://beehive.bionet.nsc.ru/cgi-bin/mgs/tatascan_fox/start.pl), 227 variants of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the human gene promoters were studied. As a result, 43 candidate SNP markers for RA that can alter the affinity of the TATA-binding protein (TBP) for the promoters of these genes were predicted.
The organic matter of the Vendian (Neoproterozoic) Khatyspyt Formation was investigated. The new data obtained from the GS and GS-MS analyses include: high UCM humps andheightened peaks of steranes and terpanes against the backdrop of C27+ alkanes on chromatograms of saturated hydrocarbons fractions of five samples; predominance of С21-С26 in n-alkanes distribution; the presence of 12- and 13-monomethylalkanes on chromatograms and demethylatedterpanes on filtered chromatograms (m/z 191 and 177). Besides, dispersed bitumens with biodegraded hydrocarbons have been for the first time identified in carbonate and carbonate-siliceous rocks of the Khatyspyt Formation. Also 8,14-sekohopanes resistant to biodegradation and gammacerane were established. The revealed features of the composition and distribution of hydrocarbons showed that their source was the autochthonous (syngeneic) organic matter of the Khatyspyt Formation,one of the potential hydrocarbon source rock of Northeastern Siberia. The composition and content of bitumen are found to be controlled by the inputs of primary organisms (eukaryotes and prokaryotes)which lived in Vendian seas, by changing redox conditions of sediment deposition and transformation, as well as by relatively little effect of temperature and high degree of biological oxidation in hypergenesis. The patterns of bitumen distribution throughout the section show, that besides the overlying deposits,their accumulations canbe discoveredin the Khatyspyt Formation.
Multiscale approaches for integrating submodels of various levels of biological organization into a single model became the major tool of systems biology.

In this paper, we have constructed and simulated a set of multiscale models of spatially distributed microbial communities and study an influence of unevenly distributed environmental factors on the genetic diversity and evolution of the community members. Haploid Evolutionary Constructor software http://evol-constructor.bionet.nsc.ru/ was expanded by adding the tool for the spatial modeling of a microbial community (1D, 2D and 3D versions). A set of the models of spatially distributed communities was built to demonstrate that the spatial distribution of cells affects both intensity of selection and evolution rate.

In spatially heterogeneous communities, the change in the direction of the environmental flow might be reflected in local irregular population dynamics, while the genetic structure of populations (frequencies of the alleles) remains stable. Furthermore, in spatially heterogeneous communities, the chemotaxis might dramatically affect the evolution of community members.
TAIGA array addresses gamma-ray astronomy at energies from a few TeV to several PeV as well as cosmic ray physics from 100 TeV to several EeV.

A 1 km 2 TAIGA setup will consist of 120 wide-angle detectors of the Cherenkov timing array TAIGA-HiSCORE and three imaging air Cherenkov telescopes with the field of view diameter of 9.6°. In this paper, first experimental results of the first operation stage are presented: signal detection from two gamma-ray sources, the Crab Nebula and Markarian 421, by the first IACT in stand-alone mode. The detected signal is shown to be in agreement with the Monte Carlo expectation.

In future, gamma-ray signal will be detected by a larger number of TAIGA telescopes as well as the TAIGA-HiSCORE array, that is, in combined operation mode.
In plasma wakefield accelerators, the wave excited in the plasma eventually breaks and leaves behind slowly changing fields and currents that perturb the ion density background. We study this process numerically using the example of a Facility for Advanced aCcelerator Experimental Tests (FACET) experiment where the wave is excited by an electron bunch in the bubble regime in a radially bounded plasma. Four physical effects underlie the dynamics of ions: (1) attraction of ions toward the axis by the fields of the driver and the wave, resulting in formation of a density peak, (2) generation of ion-acoustic solitons following the decay of the density peak, (3) positive plasma charging after wave breaking, leading to acceleration of some ions in the radial direction, and (4) plasma pinching by the current generated during the wave-breaking. The interplay of these effects results in the formation of various radial density profiles, which are difficult to produce in any other way.
Providing several functionalities to a single material is an emerging challenge with many industrial prospects in materials sciences. Self-assembled organic-inorganic hybrid materials endowed with emission properties are part of these new materials. While the inorganic moieties provide emissivity, the organic part confers nanostructuration and processability.

Here we describe how columnar arrangements can be obtained by assembling, via electrostatic interactions, isometric anionic inorganic nanoemitters, namely [Re6Se8(CN)6]4-, with imidazolium counter cations bearing triphenylene units.

The resulting hybrids combine the emission of both components and energy transfer has been evidenced between both entities. Hole charge mobilities of the hybrid organic-inorganic columnar mesophases were also evaluated by the space charge limited current (SCLC) method.
In this work we study a 4D Qflow scanning protocol used in medical magnetic resonance imaging. Post-processing of the DICOM images acquired from the MR scanner allows one to reconstruct time-dependent three-dimensional velocity field. We show that with MR velocimetry it is possible to determine whether it exists and study the swirling (helical) characteristics of the flow in a tube modelling a blood flow in circulation vessels.
The differential decay rates of the processes $J/\psi\to p\bar{p}\pi^{0}$ and $J/\psi\to p\bar{p}\eta$ close to the $p\bar{p}$ threshold are calculated with the help of the $N\bar{N}$ optical potential. The same calculations are made for the decays of $\psi(2S)$. We use the potential which has been suggested to fit the cross sections of $N\bar{N}$ scattering together with $N\bar{N}$ and six pion production in $e^{+}e^{-}$ annihilation close to the $p\bar{p}$ threshold. The $p\bar{p}$ invariant mass spectra is in agreement with the available experimental data. The anisotropy of the angular distributions, which appears due to the tensor forces in the $N\bar{N}$ interaction, is predicted close to the $p\bar{p}$ threshold. This anisotropy is large enough to be investigated experimentally. Such measurements would allow one to check the accuracy of the model of $N\bar{N}$ interaction.
The Cover Feature illustrates heterogeneous hydrogenation of cyclopropane with parahydrogen over Rh/TiO2 catalyst. Several spin states of propane with high level of proton nuclear spin polarization (i.e. hyperpolarized) are produced, and these hyperpolarized spin states can be used for MRI applications. The NMR-invisible spin states (symbolized as the black hole) may potentially retain a hyperpolarized state for a very long time. More information can be found in the Communication by O. G. Salnikov et al. on page 2621 in Issue 20, 2018 (DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800690).
Aims To use Mendelian randomization to assess whether alcohol intake was causally associated with cognitive function. Design Mendelian randomization using a genetic variant related to alcohol intake (ADH1B rs1229984) was used to obtain unbiased estimates of the association between alcohol intake and cognitive performance. Setting Europe. Participants More than 34 000 adults. Measurements Any versus no alcohol intake and units of intake in the previous week was measured by questionnaire. Cognitive function was assessed in terms of immediate and delayed word recall, verbal fluency and processing speed. Findings Having consumed any versus no alcohol was associated with higher scores by 0.17 standard deviations (SD) [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.15, 0.20] for immediate recall, 0.17 SD (95% CI = 0.14, 0.19) for delayed recall, 0.17 SD (95% CI = 0.14, 0.19) for verbal fluency and 0.12 SD (95% CI = 0.09, 0.15) for processing speed. The minor allele of rs1229984 was associated with reduced odds of consuming any alcohol (odds ratio = 0.87; 95% CI = 0.80, 0.95; P = 0.001; R2 = 0.1%; F-statistic = 47). In Mendelian randomization analysis, the minor allele was not associated with any cognitive test score, and instrumental variable analysis suggested no causal association between alcohol consumption and cognition: −0.74 SD (95% CI = −1.88, 0.41) for immediate recall, −1.09 SD (95% CI = −2.38, 0.21) for delayed recall, −0.63 SD (95% CI = −1.78, 0.53) for verbal fluency and −0.16 SD (95% CI = −1.29, 0.97) for processing speed. Conclusions The Mendelian randomization analysis did not provide strong evidence of a causal association between alcohol consumption and cognitive ability.
The calculations were based on tomographic inversion of P and S arrival time data recorded by 19 stations using the local earthquake tomography code LOTOS. We performed thorough analysis of the results based on synthetic tests in each of the time periods that allow real‐time variations in structure to be distinguished from artifacts caused by changes in the observation system configurations.

In the resulting images corresponding to the period before the eruption, the summit area is characterized by higher values of both P and S velocities and moderate values of the Vp / Vs ratio. This may correspond to the rigid igneous rocks composing the body of the volcano that lack significant liquid content. In the second episode corresponding to the time of the eruption, the P velocity remained high, whereas the S velocity became very low. The anticorrelation of P and S anomalies in the summit area produced a Vp / Vs ratio as high as 2.2, which is seen down to 2–3 km depth. This indicates presence of mobile phase at shallow depth beneath the volcano, which can be either in the form of partial melt or fluid‐saturated rocks.
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is not considered as cause of serious disease in humans. But, recent data make it clear that, under particular circumstances, it is indeed possible for NDV to cause severe human respiratory disease. Newcastle Disease infection has been reported in many bird species. Cormorants that inhabit at the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are mainly represented by Great Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis), which is distributed mainly on the Qinghai Lake area. Cormorants are considered as one of the main NDV-reservoir. We conducted the study for the presence of antibodies to Newcastle disease virus by hemagglutination inhibition test in yolks. We got 50% of seropositive yolks to Newcastle disease virus. These results show that NDV circulates in the Qinghai Lake population of cormorants. We first used the technique of detection of antibodies to Newcastle disease virus in the egg yolk for study the circulation of the virus in cormorants and demonstrated its effectiveness. We should carefully monitor cases of pneumonia in the population of people living around the lake and assess the causes of the disease.
Chemotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ) is an essential part of anticancer therapy of various malignant tumours; however, its long-term effects on patients’ health and life quality need to be further investigated. Here, we studied the effects of TMZ and/or companion drug dexamethasone (DXM) on the locomotor activity and cartilage structure of elderly Wistar rats (n = 40). Long-term TMZ treatment selectively inhibited the horizontal, but not vertical locomotor activity of the rats (6.7-fold, p < 0.01) and resulted in delamination of the superficial epiphyseal cartilage of the femoral epiphysis of knee joints, a 2-fold decrease in mean thickness of epiphyseal cartilage (p < 0.001), and changes in the proliferative and maturation cartilage zones ratio. The simultaneous use of DXM attenuated TMZ-induced changes in cartilage thickness and integrity and compensated the decrease in horizontal locomotor activity of experimental animals. Nevertheless, combined TMZ/DXM treatment still significantly affected the structure of proximal tibial, but not distal femoral epiphysis of knee joints of the rats. These changes were accompanied by the increased content of total glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and their partial re-localisation from chondrocytes into tissue matrix, as well as the decrease in sulfated GAGs content in both compartments. Taken together, the results demonstrate that long-term treatment with TMZ results in a significant decrease in locomotor activity of elderly Wistar rats and the reorganisation of their knee joint cartilage structure, while DXM treatment attenuates those effects. So, use of DXM or chondroprotective drugs might be beneficial to maintain quality of life for TMZ-treated cancer patients.
Tris(2,3,5,6-tetrathiaaryl)methyl cations, which were generated from the corresponding triarylmethanols in the presence of strong acids, underwent reaction with nucleophiles to give trityl radicals, as the product of a one-electron reduction of the carbocation. Depending on the nature of the nucleophile, the only byproducts were either diamagnetic quinone methides or asymmetrical monosubstituted trityl radicals.

Herein, we report a protocol for the large-scale synthesis of the Finland trityl

which has the advantage of high overall yield and reproducibility.
The article analyzes the theoretical and methodological basis for assessing the economic growth of a company, identifies the entities and principles that influence it.

Based on the study of modern strategic concepts of growth, a computational model was set up - the sustainable growth model SGR. The calculated values are compared with the real growth of the companies of the oil and gas complex of the Russian Federation in a retrospective analysis for 2012–2017.

Conclusions about the applicability of the concept when making strategic decisions in the current market conditions. The significance of this model was checked and a vector was set for further study.
The presented dataset provides a normative high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) macromolecular proton fraction (MPF) map of the healthy rat brain in vivo and source images used for its reconstruction. The images were acquired using the protocol described elsewhere (Naumova, et al. High-resolution three-dimensional macromolecular proton fraction mapping for quantitative neuroanatomical imaging of the rodent brain in ultra-high magnetic fields. Neuroimage (2016) doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.09.036). The map was reconstructed from three source images with different contrast weightings (proton density, T1, and magnetization transfer) using the single-point algorithm with a synthetic reference image. Source images were acquired from a living animal on an 11.7 T small animal MRI scanner with isotropic spatial resolution of 170 µm3 and total acquisition time about 1.5 h. The 3D dataset can be used for multiple purposes including interactive viewing of rat brain anatomy, measurements of reference MPF values in various brain structures, and development of image processing techniques for the rodent brain segmentation. It also can serve as a gold standard image for implementation and optimization of rodent brain MRI protocols.
Axionlike particles (ALPs) are predicted in many extensions of the standard model, and their masses can naturally be well below the electroweak scale. In the presence of couplings to electroweak bosons, these particles could be emitted in flavor-changing B meson decays.

We report herein a search for an ALP, a, in the reaction B^{±}→K^{±}a, a→γγ using data collected by the BABAR experiment at SLAC.

No significant signal is observed, and 90% confidence level upper limits on the ALP coupling to electroweak bosons are derived as a function of ALP mass, improving current constraints by several orders of magnitude in the range 0.175 GeV
Hemozoin is the pigment produced by some blood-feeding parasites. It demonstrates high diagnostic and therapeutic potential.

In this work the formation of co-called hemozoin 'knobs' – the bile duct ectasia filled up by hemozoin pigment - in Opisthorhis felineus infected hamster liver has been observed. The O. felineus infected liver was examined by histological analysis and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The pigment hemozoin was identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and high resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analysis. Hemozoin crystals were characterised by high resolution transmission electron microscopy. Hemozoin crystals produced by O. felineus have average length 403 nm and the length-to-width ratio equals 2.0. The regurgitation of hemozoin from parasitic fluke during infection leads to formation of bile duct ectasia. The active release of hemozoin from O. felineus during in vitro incubation has also been evidenced.

It has been shown that the hemozoin knobs can be detected by magnetic resonance imaging. In the paper for the first time the characterisation of hemozoin pigment extracted from liver fluke O. felineus has been conducted. The role of hemozoin in the modification of immune response by opisthorchiasis is assumed.
The hydrogen reduction of Mn1.7Ga1.3O4+δ proceeds in two steps. In the first step, excess oxygen is removed, Mn1.7Ga1.3O4+δ → Mn1.7Ga1.3O4. In the second step, Mn3+ cations are reduced to Mn2+ in the spinel structure and formation of MnO, Mn1.7Ga1.3O4 → Mn2Ga1O4 + MnO.
We consider a problem of finding the maximum attainable energy at a cyclotron as an exercise in the introductory relativity course and comment on some subtle points of the solution.