Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
In the article, the authors analyzed the stable trends in the development of export oil supplies from Russia. The purpose of this article is a short-term forecast of the export of Russian oil with differentiations in the areas of supply. Based on the trend modeling until 2025, a forecast of the total volume of oil exports was made with differentiation in the directions of the supply of liquid hydrocarbons. For each direction of supply, forecast confidence intervals are defined within the limits of which Russian oil exports may be found. The authors showed that export supplies of oil to the energy market of the Asia-Pacific region will increase annually and exports to the European market will decline. The article shows that in the structure of oil supplies from Russia, the main growth is accounted for by foreign countries. In 2018, oil supplies in this direction amounted to 239.6 million tons. At the same time, the share of oil supplies to the European market is annually reduced, reaching only 64% in 2018 (80% in 2011), which is associated with the redirection of oil exports to the Asia-Pacific oil market, primarily to China. In this region, the demand for Russian oil is provided by its higher quality and corresponding chemical composition.
AWAKE is a proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration experiment. % We show that the experimental setup briefly described here is ready for systematic study of the seeded self-modulation of the 400\,GeV proton bunch in the 10\,m-long rubidium plasma with density adjustable from 1 to 10$\times10^{14}$\,cm$^{-3}$. % We show that the short laser pulse used for ionization of the rubidium vapor propagates all the way along the column, suggesting full ionization of the vapor. % We show that ionization occurs along the proton bunch, at the laser time and that the plasma that follows affects the proton bunch. %
Experiments on laser flash photolysis (308 nm) of Fe(OH) 2+ (aq) complex in aqueous solution with addition of nitrobenzene

demonstrate the formation of hydroxyl radical in the primary photochemical process
Currently, a trend of decline in male fertility is observed all over the world. The study of this trend has not only of scientific, but also of socio-economic importance. Many countries conduct studies of male reproductive potential and search environmental and genetic causes of the mentioned phenomenon. Previously published studies have not included data on the Russian male population.

This work presents novel database “Reproductive Potential of the Male population of Russia” (RPM), which is almost the only source of such information about Russia. RPM was created using relational database management system MariaDB and is available at www.sysbio.ru/rpm . The database includes reproductive information of 1390 male volunteers from five large cities of Russia: Arkhangelsk, Novosibirsk, Kemerovo, Ulan-Ude and Yakutsk. The important feature of the developed database is the unique data of a multifactorial measurement of male fertility: spermatogenic, hormonal, metabolic and anthropological indices.

The scientists can use published information in their studies of male reproductive potential as data of some Russian regions and compare it with data from other countries. Also the published data can be used to identify markers of infertility and subfertility, as well as to study ethnic and regional trends in fertility variability and demographic risks in Russia.
Enhanced activity in low-temperature water-gas shift (LT-WGS) reaction of some ceramometal catalysts compared to conventional Cu–Zn–Al oxide catalyst was demonstrated. Porous ceramometals were synthesized from powdered CuAl alloys prepared by mechanical alloying with the addition of either CuAlexp powders produced by current spark explosion of Cu+Al wires or CuZnAl oxide obtained by coprecipitation. Their structural, microstructural, and textural characteristics were examined by means of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry, NMR, and adsorption methods, and catalytic properties were studied in the LT-WGS reaction. CuAlO/CuAl ceramometals were found to have mostly the egg-shell microstructure with the metallic cores (AlxCu1–x, Al2Cu, and Al4Cu9) and the oxide shell containing copper oxides and/or mixed oxides of copper and aluminum and, at same time, CuAlO/CuAl ceramometal with incorporated additives was found to create a more complicated microstructure. A large amount of X-ray amorphous oxides of copper and aluminum is typical for all composites. CuAl ceramometal was shown to be more active than the CuZnAl oxide catalyst in spite of a much lower specific surface area. The CuAl+CuZnAl catalyst consisting of prismatic granules showed a higher activity in comparison with CuZnAl oxide consisting of cylindrical granules. The activity of the composite granulated catalyst referred to its unit weight was more than 6-fold higher as compared to the oxide catalyst, while the activity per the surface area was found to be more than an order of magnitude higher due to much higher specific activity of small fraction and additively much lower diffusion limitation of granules.
Using high-speed video recording and the method of dual laser scanning the gas-liquid flow was investigated in a rectangular microchannel with an aspect ratio of 0.74 (cross section 269×362 μm). The T-mixer was used at the channel’s inlet for the two-phase flow formation. The peculiarity of this work is using a number of liquids (ethanol, distilled water, 40% aqueous ethanol) with different physical properties, including surface tension, viscosity, and density, with nitrogen. Experiments were carried out for the vertically upward and horizontal flow. Using laser scanning method the maps of flow patterns were obtained for all mixtures.
The slotted nozzles can be an alternative to Laval nozzles. The jets inflowing through the holes can be directed towards each other (opposing jets) or be focused at a single point on the axis (focused jets). It has been shown numerically and experimentally that it is necessary to consider the effect of viscosity for the numerical modeling of focused jets in order to predict the flow parameters on the channel surface. Nevertheless, the calculation accuracy based on the unsteady Euler equation is quite sufficient for averaged values in the output cross section.
This work presents the results from a study of the structure and transport properties of Ca-doped La2NiO4+δ. La2−xCaxNiO4+δ (x = 0–0.4) materials that were synthesized via combustion of organic-nitrate precursors and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), in situ XRD using synchrotron radiation, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and isotope exchange of oxygen with C18O2.

The structure was defined as orthorhombic (Fmmm) for x = 0 and tetragonal (I4/mmm) for x = 0.1–0.4. Changes that occurred in the unit cell parameters and volume as the temperature changed during heating were shown to be caused by the excess oxygen loss.

Typical for Ruddlesden–Popper phases, oxygen mobility and surface reactivity decreased as the Ca content was increased due to a reduction in the over-stoichiometric oxygen content with the exception of x = 0.1. This composition demonstrated its superior oxygen transport properties compared to La2NiO4+δ due to the enhanced oxygen mobility caused by structural features. Electrochemical data obtained showed relatively low polarization resistance for the electrodes with a low Ca content, which correlates well with oxygen transport properties.
In our research 20 benthic samples were collected from small rivers and streams from industrial and nature areas of Novosibirsk region. Benthic invertebrates were fixed at 75% ethanol and identified up to the family taxonomical level at the laboratory. Samples were dried up to stable weight, animals from each taxonomical group were placed at the conductive tape for further investigation.The analysis was carried out using the μXRF-SR according to the standard certified method at the experimental station "Elemental analysis" in the SCSTR (Budker INP SB RAS). Experimental conditions: excitation energy 21 keV, dimensions of the exciting radiation beam 0.5 mm in height and 10 mm in width of the sample. Measuring time for one point was 100 s. The contents of more than 20 elements, including essential Cl, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, and trace elements Ti, V, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Pb were determined. The concentration range for essential elements was 150-500000 ppm, for trace elements 0.3–15000 ppm. Scanning was done in two directions – the length and width of the sample animal. The profile of scanning was compared with photos from the electronic microscope. That gave us an opportunity to find out a specific locus of accumulation of some elements. Results obtained shown patchy spreading distribution of elements in the samples, that could be interpreted by various forms of chemical compounds, which included explored elements. For more complete result 3d scanning with the function of focused X-ray optics could be used.
Charge transport in amorphous oxide semiconductors is often described as the band transport affected by disorder in the form of random potential barriers (RB).Theoretical studies in the framework of this approach neglected so far the percolation nature of the phenomenon.

In this article, a recipe for theoretical description of charge transport in the RB model is formulated using percolation arguments.

Comparison with the results published so far evidences the superiority of the percolation approach.
The development of microcollimators for photon energy in the range of 30-200 keV was carried out.

A quasi-spherical or quasi-plane X-ray wave can be formed when the propagation vector of the collimator is locally parallel to the wave front, either near the X-ray focus or away from it. The method was tested to collimate the widespread beam from an X-ray generator. In the experiment, a flat nickel raster 1200 μm thick with tubes of 80 μm in diameter manufactured using LIGA technique, was used.

For a flash X-ray device with an explosive electron emission and an anode voltage of 150 kV, a quasi-collimated X-ray beam with an angular divergence of up to 2.8 degrees (FWHM) was formed.
A new method for model-independent measurement of the CKM angle β is proposed, that employs time-dependent analysis of flavour-tagged B 0 → D π + π − decays with D meson decays into CP-specific and K s 0 π + π − final states.

This method can be used to measure the angle β with future data from the BelleII and LHCb experiments

with the precision level of one degree.
NFC is a product of catalytic decomposition of light hydrocarbons. The main characteristic of NFC is high specific surface area (~150,000 m 2 /kg), which is significantly higher than that of carbon black (~50,000 m 2 /kg). Content of impurities in NFC is at the level of 1 wt %. Based on analysis of state diagram of Cr – C system, composition of charge and the upper temperature limit of carbide formation reaction for obtaining chromium carbide in powder state are determined.

Chromium carbide was prepared by reduction of chromium oxide Cr 2 O 3 with nanofibrous carbon (NFC) in induction furnace in argon atmosphere. Based on thermodynamic analysis, temperature of the onset of carbothermic reduction reaction of chromium oxide Cr 2 O 3 was determined at various CO pressures. Characteristics of chromium carbide were studied using X-ray diffraction analysis, pycnometric analysis, scanning electron microscopy using local energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX), lowtemperature nitrogen adsorption followed by determination of specific surface area by means of BET method, sedimentation analysis, synchronous thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry (TG/DSC).

The material obtained at optimal parameters is represented by a single phase – chromium carbide Cr 3 C 2 . Powder particles were predominantly aggregated. Average size of particles and aggregates equaled 6.5 μm within a wide range of size distribution. Specific surface value of the obtained samples was 2200 m 2 /kg. Oxidation of chromium carbide began at temperature of ~640 °C and practically ends at ~1000 °C. Optimum parameters of synthesis are provided by ratio of reagents according to carbide of Cr 3 C 2 composition stoichiometry at temperature of 1300 °С and holding time of 20 minutes. It is shown that for this process nanofibrous carbon is an effective reducing agent and that chromium oxide Cr 2 O 3 is almost completely reduced to carbide Cr 3 C 2 .
The use of CdII instead of ZnII under similar synthetic conditions resulted in the formation of 1D polymers, in contrast to molecular trinuclear complexes with LnIIIZn2 cores.

A series of heterometallic carboxylate 1D polymers was synthesized and structurally characterized. The luminescent emission and excitation spectra for 2–4 have been studied, the luminescence decay kinetics for 2 and 3 was measured. Magnetic properties of the complexes 3–5 and 7 have been studied. Magnetic properties of 4 and 7 were modelled using results of SA-CASSCF/SO-RASSI calculations and SINGLE_ANISO procedure.

All complexes 1–7 are isostructural. 4 and 7 exhibited the properties of field-induced single-molecule magnets in an applied external magnetic field. Based on the analysis of the magnetization relaxation and the results of ab initio calculations, it was found that relaxation in 4 predominantly occurred by the sum of the Raman and QTM mechanisms, and by the sum of the direct and Raman mechanisms in the case of 7.
The research on strain-, sex-, and stress-specific differences in structural and functional connectivity of the brain is important for elucidating various behavioral features and etiologies of psychiatric disorders. Socially impaired BTBR mice are considered a model of autism spectrum disorders. Here we present high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging data from the brain of 89 adolescent mice (C57BL/6J and BTBR) in axial, sagittal, and coronal views. The study [1] includes both females and males differed in early-life experience (normally reared or subjected to prolonged maternal separation: 3 h daily from postnatal day 2 to 15). The MRI data were obtained on a horizontal tomograph Biospec 117/16 instrument with a magnetic field strength of 11.7 T. Thus, multislice Turbo RARE T2-weighted images of the brain were captured in eight groups of mice. Altogether, these data allow to evaluate strain-, sex-, and stress-specific alterations in the volumes of various brain structures and to better understand the relation between brain structural differences and behavioral abnormalities.
Anax nigrofasciatus Oguma, 1915 is a large aeshnid species found in South, South East and East Asia. On 19 June 2021, its mature male was caught by E. Emelyanov in Nadezhdino District of Primorskiy Kray, Russia, at an artificial fire pond near the Sadko Garden Non-Commercial Fellowship (43.4171 N, 131.9327 E). This is the first record of this species in the Russian Federation, increasing the number of Odonata species currently known from Russia to 157.
Efficient aggregation-induced-phosphorescent-emission (AIPE) of an ionic Ir(iii) complex occurs when the counterion (PF6−) is exchanged specifically by ClO4−in aqueous media.

As a result, a rapid, highly selective "turn-on" phosphorescent response to ClO4−is observed in aqueous media.
The method is simpler than recently developed auto-balanced Ramsey spectroscopy techniques [Ch. Sanner, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 053602 (2018); V. I. Yudin, et al., Phys. Rev. Appl. 9, 054034 (2018)]

We have developed a universal method to form the reference signal for the stabilization of arbitrary atomic clocks based on Ramsey spectroscopy. Our approach uses an interrogation scheme of the atomic system with two different Ramsey periods and a specially constructed combined error signal (CES) computed by subtracting two error signals with the appropriate calibration factor.

CES spectroscopy allows for perfect elimination of probe-induced light shifts and does not suffer from the effects of relaxation, time-dependent pulse fluctuations and phase-jump modulation errors and other imperfections of the interrogation procedure. CES universal technique can be applied to many applications of precision spectroscopy.
The characteristics of horizontal displacements in fault zones of the Altai-Sayan mountain region are revealed with use of the earthquake focal mechanisms data. Left-lateral strike-slips are characteristic for the Bogdo, Southern Tannuol and Sayan-Tuva faults, and for the eastern part of the Bollnay fault. Right-lateral strikeslip is characteristic for the Koktokay fault.
Ðîññèÿ СЕНСОРНАЯ СИСТЕМА НА ОСНОВЕ ВОЛОКОННО-ОПТИЧЕСКИХ БРЭГГОВСКИХ РЕШЕТОК

Реализована волоконно-оптическая сенсорная система на основе анализатора спектра. Разработано устройство опроса волоконных брэгговских сенсоров на основе узкополосного перестраиваемого эрбиевого лазера

Погрешность определения температуры не превышает 0,5 °С
Genetic modifications of the oncolytic vaccinia virus (VV) improve selective tumor cell infection and death, as well as activation of antitumor immunity.

We have engineered a double recombinant VV, coding human GM-CSF, and apoptosis-inducing protein apoptin (VV-GMCSF-Apo) for comparing with the earlier constructed double recombinant VV-GMCSF-Lact, coding another apoptosis-inducing protein, lactaptin, which activated different cell death pathways than apoptin. We showed that both these recombinant VVs more considerably activated a set of critical apoptosis markers in infected cells than the recombinant VV coding GM-CSF alone (VV-GMCSF-dGF): these were phosphatidylserine externalization, caspase-3 and caspase-7 activation, DNA fragmentation, and upregulation of proapoptotic protein BAX. However, only VV-GMCSF-Lact efficiently decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential of infected cancer cells. Investigating immunogenic cell death markers in cancer cells infected with recombinant VVs, we demonstrated that all tested recombinant VVs were efficient in calreticulin and HSP70 externalization, decrease of cellular HMGB1, and ATP secretion.

The comparison of antitumor activity against advanced MDA-MB-231 tumor revealed that both recombinants VV-GMCSF-Lact and VV-GMCSF-Apo efficiently delay tumor growth. Our results demonstrate that the composition of GM-CSF and apoptosis-inducing proteins in the VV genome is very efficient tool for specific killing of cancer cells and for activation of antitumor immunity.
In this paper, a theory of quandle rings is proposed for quandles analogous to the classical theory of group rings for groups, and interconnections between quandles and associated quandle rings are explored.
In this research we consider free vibrations of laminated beams in terms of three-dimensional linear theory of elasticity. Analytic solutions for natural frequencies of laminated beams are obtained by using an asymptotic splitting method. The results were compared with classical Euler“Bernoulli beam theory and Timoshenko beam theory.
We study photoluminescence (PL) in the 1.5-1.6 μm wavelength region from dislocation-rich Si layers grown using the oxidized Si surfaces. The obtained excitation dependences of the PL intensities are interpreted on the base of a model of the electronic structure that consists of the shallow dislocation-induced conduction sub-band and deep levels located about 0.3 eV above the valence band edge. At low temperature and low excitation conditions the dependences are described well by mean of the Shockley-Read-Hall statistics for the carrier recombination via deep states. The PL data at high excitation conditions suggest that the dominating process that limits the increase in the excess carrier concentration is Auger recombination in which one of three carriers involved into the recombination event is from the deep states. A blue shift of the dislocation-related PL peak with increasing excitation intensity is observed, which is associated with changes in the occupancy of the deep states.
A joint motion of thin liquid film and dry gas in a microchannel is investigated numerically at different values of initial concentration of the liquid vapor in the gas phase, taking into account the evaporation process.

Major factors affecting the temperature distribution in the liquid and the gas phases are as follows: transfer of heat by liquid and gas flows, heat loses due to evaporation, diffusion heat exchange. Comparisons of the numerical results for the case of the dry gas and for the case of equilibrium concentration of vapor in the gas have been carried out.

It is shown that use of dry gas enhances the heat dissipation from the heater. It is found out that not only intense evaporation occurs near the heating areas, but also in both cases vapor condensation takes place below the heater in streamwise direction.
We report the recent results on quarkonium (-like) states by the Belle experiment.

A new charged charmonium-like state Zc(4200)+ decaying to J/ψπ+ is observed with a significance of 6.2σ. The mass and width of the Zc(4200)+ are 4196−29−13+31+17 MeV/c2 and 370−70−132+70+70 MeV, respectively; the preferred assignment of the quantum numbers is JP=1+. We also report the first observation of the e+e−→ω[π+π−π0]χbJ(J=1,2) processes at a center-of-mass energy of 10.867 GeV.

In the π+π−π0 invariant mass spectrum, significant non-ω signals are also observed.
Phase composition of iron silicide nanocrystals (NCs) in the course of formation by solid phase epitaxy (SPE) method, and embedding into silicon was studied.

It was found that SPE of 0.4-nm-thick Fe film at 630 °C resulted in formation of small (less than 29.5 nm) and big (more than 42.6 nm) NCs. The former contained only β-FeSi2 phase and the latter consisted of β-FeSi2 and ε-FeSi phases. Annealing of these NCs at 750 °C for 90 min led to transformation of β-FeSi2 and ε-FeSi into α-FeSi2 NCs. However, when the as-grown NCs have been covered with silicon layer with thickness of 25–380 nm at 750 °C, they turned into β-FeSi2 NC.

Epitaxial relationship and crystal lattice deformation obtained for β-FeSi2 NCs covered by Si layer is favorable for indirect to direct band gap transition.
Recent results of a high-statistics τ lepton studies at B factories are reported. Reviewed are the measurements of Michel parameters in leptonic and radiative leptonic τ decays at Belle, as well as the measurement of the branching fractions of the radiative leptonic τ decays at BABAR . Searches for CP symmetry violation in hadronic decays with $ \mathop K\nolimits_S^0 $ are also briefly discussed.
Several models of the birthplace of life have long been proposed and discussed. However, those discussions are chaotic. To test the birthplace models, we introduce nine requirements that must be met for the emergence of life. These requirements are: (1) energy source (ionizing radiation and thermal energy), (2) supplies of nutrients such as phosphorus and potassium, (3) supplies of main life constituent elements (C, H, O, and N), (4) condensed reducing gas, (5) dry wet cycle, (6) Na poor water, (7) clean lacustrine environment, (8) diversified surface environment, and (9) cyclic nature. Based on these nine requirements, most proposed birthplaces, such as the mid-oceanic ridge hydrothermal system, do not meet the requirements for life to emerge. The only possible site is a nuclear geyser system. Under the Hadean surface environment, sites satisfying the nine requirements are extremely limited because it is significantly difficult to meet the nine requirements, including extrinsic conditions. This difficulty to fulfill all the requirements indicates that only one site is the birthplace of life on Hadean Earth.