Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Binary uniformly packed in the narrow sense codes were introduced in 1971 by Semakov, Zinoviev and Zaitsev. Later more general definitions were proposed by Bassalygo, Zaitsev and Zinoviev (uniformly packed in the wide sense codes) and by Goethals and Tilborg (uniformly packed codes).

We consider binary uniformly packed in the wide sense codes. These codes are well known for their remarkable properties and have been intensively studied. In this paper we give an upper bound on the number of distinct uniformly packed in the wide sense codes of length n with constant odd minimum distance d and fixed parameters of packing.

In particular, we give nontrivial upper bounds on the numbers of Preparata codes with d = 5, primitive BCH codes with d equal to 5 or 7, Goethals codes with d = 7, et al. The result obtained generalizes the upper bound for the number of perfect codes with d = 3 that was derived by Avgustinovich in 1995.
Some matrix detectors (CCD and CIS) have direct X-ray sensitivity and can operate as dispersionless spectrometers with a very large number of elements (106 and more). In the case of the impulse diffraction such detector can simultaneously record a significant number of independent events. In the reading the position and energy of the absorbed X-ray photon may be restored for each event. The mathematical processing of the received data with respect to the Bragg condition can theoretically lead to the coordinates of the events of one fixed energy and to form an analogue of powder diffraction patterns. In this case the registration can be performed on the "white" SR beam for a short time (up to 1 ns or less). The possibility of using of the 2000-element linear CCD ILX511 (Sony) as X-ray dispersionless spectrometer allowed to conduct simulation experiments to obtain diffraction patterns of graphite, boron nitride, boric acid and TNT-hexogen solid detonation products. SR beam from VEPP-3 storage ring was modulated by a mechanical chopper and statistics were provided by a multiple recording with on-line processing.
The hyperpolarization of nuclear spins is a game-changing technology that enables hitherto inaccessible applications for magnetic resonance in chemistry and biomedicine. Despite significant advances and discoveries in the past, however, the quest to establish efficient and effective hyperpolarization methods continues.

Here, we describe a new method that combines the advantages of direct parahydrogenation, high polarization (P), fast reaction, and low cost with the broad applicability of polarization transfer via proton exchange. We identified the system propargyl alcohol + pH2 → allyl alcohol to yield 1H polarization in excess of P ≈ 13% by using only 50% enriched pH2 at a pressure of ≈1 bar. The polarization was then successfully relayed via proton exchange from allyl alcohol to various target molecules.

The polarizations of water and alcohols (as target molecules) approached P ≈ 1% even at high molar concentrations of 100 mM. Lactate, glucose, and pyruvic acid were also polarized, but to a lesser extent. Several potential improvements of the methodology are discussed. Thus, the parahydrogen-induced hyperpolarization relayed via proton exchange (PHIP-X) is a promising approach to polarize numerous molecules which participate in proton exchange and support new applications for magnetic resonance.
Dissipative solitons (also known as auto-solitons) are stable, nonlinear, time-or space-localized solitary waves that occur due to the balance between energy excitation and dissipation.We review the theory of dissipative solitons applied to fiber laser systems.The discussion context includes the classical Ginzburg±Landau and Maxwell±Bloch equations and their modifications allowing the description of laser-cavity-produced waves.Practical examples of laser systems generating dissipative solitons are discussed.
The article focuses on the need to consider classical medieval texts not only as sources of historical information, but also as author's works subject to a certain methodology and using a variety of historiographical technologies and ideological schemes. The specific subject of the study is the two main sources on the history of the Eastern and Western Khitans (“Khitan Guo Chi” / “History of the Khitan state” and “Liao Shi” / “History of the [dynasty] Liao”), who created the largest state structures in the pre-Mongol period. “Khian Guo Zhi” is more of a history of the Khitan ethnos, whereas “Liao Shi” is a history of the dynasty, i.e., of the state construction. As a result, we have the maximum possible penetration in those days into the two most important topics-the people as a geopolitical actor and the state as a civilizational-state structure. Their authors carried out impressive synthetic work to prove certain postulates. These are, strictly speaking, not scientific approaches, but ideological, existing, moreover, often in the form of Philistine fabrications. These sources raise a particularly significant problem of the origin of the Khitan, their dynasty, civilizational affiliation of the Khitan, the Khitan determination of the place in a nomadic world, the specifics of socio-economic and social system of the state of Liao, Khitan influence on the social development of the far East and East Asian regions. In them, the Chinese civilizational paradigm was applied to the fullest extent possible, the essential worldview settings of classical Chinese historiography are traced: Sino-centrism, sedentary centrism, Han-fan dichotomies and culture – nature. As a result, these works had a significant impact on the development of the two most common approaches to studying the history of Khitan, which are considered as classical barbarians who constantly attacked China and for this purpose created their own quasi-state, but under the influence of Chinese civilization “grew” to the level of the traditional dynasty.
Zic3 regulates early embryonic patterning in vertebrates. Loss of Zic3 function is known to disrupt gastrulation, left-right patterning, and neurogenesis. However, molecular events downstream of this transcription factor are poorly characterized.

Here we use the zebrafish as a model to study the developmental role of Zic3 in vivo, by applying a combination of two powerful genomics approaches – ChIP-seq and microarray. Analysis of gastrula stage embryos uncovered a number of novel candidate target genes. A similar analysis in zic3-expressing cells obtained by FACS at segmentation stage revealed a dramatic shift in Zic3 binding site locations. We demonstrate cis-regulation of several of these target genes by Zic3 using in vivo enhancer assay. Analysis of Zic3 binding sites revealed a distribution biased towards distal intergenic regions.

This demonstrated that Zic3 regulation of developmental genes is achieved predominantly through long distance regulatory mechanism and revealed that developmental transitions could be accompanied by dramatic changes in regulatory landscape.
This paper is a review of currently available data concerning interactions of tRNAs with the eukaryotic ribosome at various stages of translation. These data include the results obtained by means of cryo-electron microscopy and X-ray crystallography applied to various model ribosomal complexes, site-directed cross-linking with the use of tRNA derivatives bearing chemically or photochemically reactive groups in the CCA-terminal fragment and chemical probing of 28S rRNA in the region of the peptidyl transferase center. Similarities and differences in the interactions of tRNAs with prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes are discussed with concomitant consideration of the extent of resemblance between molecular mechanisms of translation in eukaryotes and bacteria.
We describe experimental and theoretical premises of a powerful cancer therapy based on the combination of three approaches. These include (I) in situ vaccination (intratumoral injections of CpG oligonucleotides and anti-OX40 antibody); (II) chronometric or metronomic low-dose cyclophosphamide (CMLD CP)-based chemotherapy; (III) cancer stem cell-eradicating therapy referred to as Karanahan (from the Sanskrit kāraṇa ["source"] + han ["to kill"]).In murine models, the first two approaches are particularly potent in targeting immunogenic tumors for destruction. In situ vaccination activates a fully fledged anticancer immune response via an intricate network of ligand-receptor-cytokine interactions. CMLD CP-based chemotherapy primarily targets the suppressive tumor microenvironment and activates tumor-infiltrating effectors. In contrast, Karanahan technology, being aimed at replicative machinery of tumor cells (both stem-like and committed), does not depend on tumor immunogenicity. With this technology, mice engrafted with ascites and/or solid tumors can be successfully cured. There is a significant degree of mechanistic and therapeutic overlap between these three approaches. For instance, the similarities shared between in situ vaccination and Karanahan technology include the therapeutic procedure, the cell target [antigen-presenting cells (APC) and dendritic cells (DC)], and the use of DNA-based preparations (CpG and DNAmix). Features shared between CMLD CP-based chemotherapy and Karanahan technology are the timing and the dose of the cytostatic drug administration, which lead to tumor regression.The following keywords were used to search PubMed for the latest research reporting successful eradication of transplantable cancers in animal models that relied on approaches distinct from those used in the Karanahan technology: eradication of malignancy, cure cancer, complete tumor regression, permanently eradicating advanced mouse tumor, metronomic chemotherapy, in situ vaccination, immunotherapy, and others.We hypothesize, therefore, that very potent anticancer activity can be achieved once these three therapeutic modalities are combined into a single approach. This multimodal approach is theoretically curative for any type of cancer that depends on the presence of tumor-inducing cancer stem cells, provided that the active therapeutic components are efficiently delivered into the tumor and the specific biological features of a given patient's tumor are properly addressed. We expect this multimodal approach to be primarily applicable to late-stage or terminal cancer patients who have exhausted all treatment options as well as patients with inoperable tumors.
The experimental and numerical simulations of the conditions causing the intensive erosion and expected to be realized infusion reactor were carried out. The influence of relevant pulsed heat loads to tungsten was simulated using a powerful electron beam source in BINP. The mechanical destruction, melting and splashing of the material were observed. The laboratory experiments are accompanied by computational ones. Computational experiment allowed to quantitatively describe the overheating near the cracks, caused by parallel to surface cracks.
Compared to other methods that use a background image

'Moon-Glade' Background Oriented Schlieren method for measuring liquid surface deformations was used. The method is based on the analysis of the background dots pattern images reflected from the liquid surface. The background pattern is a transparent polyester film with dots, which is located at a certain distance above the liquid.

The studies of the free surface deformations caused by the buoyancy effect are carried out. It is shown that the measurement by this method is limited by the radius of the curvature of the free surface, but the range of measured values can be increased by reducing the distance from the background dots pattern to the liquid.
In this work we present the new mathematical models and the results of numerical studies of cell death processes – apoptosis and necrosis – in ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction and Alzheimer's disease. General questions of aseptic inflammation modeling are considered on the example of dynamics of inflammation factors during wound healing. New minimal mathematical models of apoptosis regulators and tumor markers p53–Mdm2–microRNA network dynamics are presented. In the framework of adopted models, we have considered some actual therapeutic strategies.
Human apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease APE1 catalyses the hydrolysis of phosphodiester bonds on the 5' side of an AP-site (in the base excision repair pathway) and of some damaged nucleotides (in the nucleotide incision repair pathway). The range of substrate specificity includes structurally unrelated damaged nucleotides. Here, to examine the mechanism of broad substrate specificity of APE1, we performed pulsed electron-electron double resonance (PELDOR) spectroscopy and pre-steady-state kinetic analysis with Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) detection of DNA conformational changes during DNA binding and lesion recognition. Equilibrium PELDOR and kinetic FRET data revealed that DNA binding by APE1 leads to noticeable damage-dependent bending of a DNA duplex. Molecular dynamics simulations showed that the damaged nucleotide is everted from the DNA helix and placed into the enzyme's binding pocket, which is formed by Asn-174, Asn-212, Asn-229, Ala-230, Phe-266 and Trp-280. Nevertheless, no damage-specific contacts were detected between these amino acid residues in the active site of the enzyme and model damaged substrates containing 1,N6-ethenoadenosine, α-adenosine, 5,6-dihydrouridine or F-site. These data suggest that the substrate specificity of APE1 is controlled by the ability of a damaged nucleotide to flip out from the DNA duplex in response to an enzyme-induced DNA distortion.
We report here the complete genome sequence of Sendai virus Moscow strain. Anecdotal evidence for the efficacy of oncolytic virotherapy exists for this strain. The RNA genome of the Moscow strain is 15,384 nucleotides in length and differs from the nearest strain, BB1, by 18 nucleotides and 11 amino acids.
The a-SiO x :H thin films were deposited by the gas-jet electron beam plasma chemical vapor deposition method with different stoichiometry (x=0.15-1.0) for different SiH 4 flow rates. The concentration of hydrogen in the films increases with the growth rate in ranges from 1.5 to 4.8 at.%. Further annealing leads to the effusion of hydrogen from the structure of the material and the compression of the structure, which leads to a reduction in the thickness for all films.

X-ray diffraction measurements showed that the as-deposited films crystallized to form nc-Si about 4-8 nm in size after annealing at 1000°C.
This article revises the peculiarities of Amir Timur's army tactical peculiarities, as well as their influence on the development of martial art of the Muslim East.

It is established that Timur effectively used the mobilization potential of his state. The sedentary population of Chorasa and Transoxiana formed the infantry archery units who were taught to fight under cover of large standing shields - chapars. At the same time, loyal nomad tribes were the source of horse cavalry for the Timur's army. The base of battle formation was represented by a tactical "skeleton" formed of forced kanbuls, powerful advance guard and a reserve (that included elite warriors).

Such battle formation allowed Timur to effectively face outflanking and frontal attacks of the enemy. Besides, such battle formation also fit for quick shift from defense to massive counterattack, performed by advance guard and kanbuls projected towards the enemy. The vulnerability of weakened flank corps was partially compensated by using infantry archery units with support of dismounted archers. As a rule, massive archery attack stopped the enemy's attack and provided for counterattack. The organizational and tactical autonomy of kul corps, which could embattle independently even if there was a front breakthrough or encirclement, played an important role. Dismounted, enshielded warriors of the corps could repulse the attacks until the deblocking unit approaches. A fast-moving reserve under Timur's personal command could be used for both repulsing an attack and augmenting the advancing troops.
Изучение палимпсестов является важным направлением в исследованиях наскального искусства, т. к. позволяет получить информацию об относительной датировке изображений, перекрывающих друг друга. В некоторых случаях можно датировать целые стилистические традиции, распространенные на определенной территории. Палимпсест пункта Цагаан-Салаа IV (Монгольский Алтай) является одной из самых сложных многофигурных композиций комплекса местонахождений наскального искусства Бага-Ойгур и Цагаан-Салаа. На этой плоскости представлены фигуры, относящиеся к разным стилистическим традициям.

Нашей задачей было по возможности точно реконструировать последовательность создания наскальных изображений этого палимпсеста. В ходе исследования были применены методы трасологического и сравнительно-стилистического анализа, документирование осуществлялось по методу фотограмметрии, результаты наблюдений при помощи микроскопа фиксировались в полевых условиях в технике прорисовки на прозрачную пленку.

Удалось установить общую последовательность выполнения петроглифов многофигурной композиции Цагаан-Салаа IV. Для тех изображений, которые перекрывают друг друга, была установлена внутренняя относительная хронология.
Burn injury and its consequences are an important medical and social problem, given the high mortality and disability rates. The leading cause of death in patients with extensive and deep burns is burn septicotoxemia.

The material was the heart muscle of the anterior, posterior and lateral walls of the left ventricle of those who died from burn disease during septicotoxemia. The control group included cases of male mortality as a result of 'acute coronary death'. The study of the ultrastructure of endotheliocytes of blood capillaries of the myocardium has been carried out.

Ultrastructural analysis of endotheliocytes of blood capillaries of the myocardium showed that in burn septicotoxemia, intracellular degradation processes are observed in the form of swelling of the cytoplasm and organelles, a decrease in the concentration of vesicular structures, as well as activation of autophagy due to the appearance of autophagosomes and autolysosomes in the cytoplasm. Activation of autophagy should be considered as a naturally developing compensatory reaction aimed at preserving the cellular pool of endotheliocytes of the blood capillaries of the myocardium in response to the alterative effect caused by burn septicotoxemia. The obtained data can serve as a justification for the manifestation of left ventricular contractile insufficiency, which is a consequence of endothelial dysfunction and microcirculatory disorders in the myocardium in burn septicotoxemia.
The adoption of powerful software tools and computational methods from the software industry by the scientific research community has resulted in a renewed interest in integrative, large-scale biological simulations. These typically involve the development of computational platforms to combine diverse, process-specific models into a coherent whole. The OpenWorm Foundation is an independent research organization working towards an integrative simulation of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans , with the aim of providing a powerful new tool to understand how the organism's behaviour arises from its fundamental biology. In this perspective, we give an overview of the history and philosophy of OpenWorm, descriptions of the constituent sub-projects and corresponding open-science management practices, and discuss current achievements of the project and future directions. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Connectome to behaviour: modelling C. elegans at cellular resolution’.
It is known that antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutases, catalases, and glutathione peroxidases represent critical defense mechanisms preventing oxidative modifications of DNA, proteins, and lipids.

We present first evidence showing that some electrophoretically homogeneous IgGs from the sera of patients with schizophrenia (36.4%) and their Fab and F(ab)2 fragments as well as from healthy donors (33.3%) possess catalase activity. The relative catalase activity of IgGs from the sera of individual schizophrenia patients (and healthy donors) significantly varied from patient to patient, but the activity of IgGs from healthy donors is on average 15.8-fold lower than that for schizophrenia patients. After extensive dialysis of purified IgGs against EDTA chelating metal ions, the relative catalase activity of IgGs decreases on average approximately 2.5–3.7-fold; all IgGs possess metal-dependent and independent catalase activity. The addition of external Me2+ ions to dialyzed and non-dialyzed IgGs leads to a significant increase in their activity. The best activator of dialyzed and non-dialyzed IgGs is Co2+, the activation by Cu2+, Mn2+, and Ni2+ ions were rare and always lower than by Co2+. Every IgG preparation demonstrates several individual sets of very well expressed pH optima in the pH range from 4.0 to 9.5.

These data speak for the individual repertoire of catalase IgGs in every person and an extreme diversity of abzymes in their pH optima and activation by different metal ions. Catalase activity of human IgGs could probably also play a major role in the protection of organisms from oxidative stress and toxic compounds.
We prove that every planar graph with maximum degree ∆ is strong edge (2∆ -1)-colorable if its girth is at least 40⌊ ∆ 2 ⌋ + 1.

The bound 2∆ -1 is reached at any graph that has two adjacent vertices of degree ∆.
The plasma wakefield amplitudes which could be achieved via the modulation of a long proton bunch are investigated.

We find that in the limit of long bunches compared to the plasma wavelength, the strength of the accelerating fields is directly proportional to the number of particles in the drive bunch and inversely proportional to the square of the transverse bunch size. The scaling laws were tested and verified in detailed simulations using parameters of existing proton accelerators.

Large electric fields were achieved, reaching 1 GV/m for LHC bunches. Energy gains for test electrons beyond 6 TeV were found in this case.
At present, personalized diets, which take into account consumer genetic characteristics, are growing popular. Nutrigenetics studies the effect of gene variations on metabolism and nutrigenomics, which branches off further and investigates how nutrients and food compounds affect genes. Presently, genetic nutrition is growing in demand, as it contributes to the prevention and/or rehabilitation of non-communicable diseases, both monogenic and polygenic.

This work deals with the mutations affecting the assimilation of metabolites, contributing to nutrigenetic studies. We searched for the genes responsible for eating preferences which allow for the tailoring of personalized diets. In this work, we showed single-nucleotide polymorphisms in genes—missense mutations that change the functions of coded proteins, resulting in a particular eating preferences or a disease. We studied the genes influencing food preferences—particularly those responsible for fats and carbohydrates absorption, food intolerance, metabolism of vitamins, taste sensations, oxidation of xenobiotics, eating preferences and food addiction.

As a result, 34 genes were identified that affect eating preferences. Significant shortcomings were found in the methods/programs for developing personalized diets that are used today, and the weaknesses were revealed in the development of nutrigenetics (inconsistency of data on SNP genes, ignoring population genetics data, difficult information to understand consumer, etc.). Taking into account all the shortcomings, an approximate model was proposed in the review for selecting an appropriate personalized diet. In the future, it is planned to develop the proposed model for the compilation of individual diets.