Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
The hippocampus is a crucial part of the limbic system involved both in cognitive processing and in the regulation of responses to stress. Adverse experiences early in life can disrupt hippocampal development and lead to impairment of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis response to subsequent stressors.

In our study, two types of early‐life stress were used: prolonged separation of pups from their mothers (for 3 hours/day, maternal separation, MS) and brief separation (for 15 minutes/day, handling, HD). In the first part of our study, we found that adult female mice (F0) who had experienced MS showed reduced locomotor activity and impairment of long‐term spatial and recognition memory. Analysis of various hippocampal regions showed that MS reduced the number of mature neurons in CA3 of females, which is perhaps a crucial hippocampal region for learning and memory; however, neurogenesis remained unchanged. In the second part, we measured maternal care in female mice with a history of early‐life stress (F0) as well as the behavior of their adult offspring (F1).

Our results indicated that MS reduced the level of maternal care in adult females (F0) toward their own progeny and caused sex‐specific changes in the social behavior of adult offspring (F1). In contrast to MS, HD had no influence on female behavior or hippocampal plasticity. Overall, our results suggest that prolonged MS early in life affects the adult behavior of F0 female mice and hippocampal neuronal plasticity, whereas the mothers' previous experience has effects on the behavior of their F1 offspring through disturbances of mother‐infant interactions.
Several neuroimaging studies have suggested that the low spatial frequency content in an emotional face mainly activates the amygdala, pulvinar, and superior colliculus especially with fearful faces1-3. These regions constitute the limbic structure in non-conscious perception of emotions and modulate cortical activity either directly or indirectly2. In contrast, the conscious representation of emotions is more pronounced in the anterior cingulate, prefrontal cortex, and somatosensory cortex for directing voluntary attention to details in faces3,4. Asperger's syndrome (AS)5,6 represents an atypical mental disturbance that affects sensory, affective and communicative abilities, without interfering with normal linguistic skills and intellectual ability. Several studies have found that functional deficits in the neural circuitry important for facial emotion recognition can partly explain social communication failure in patients with AS7-9. In order to clarify the interplay between conscious and non-conscious representations of emotional faces in AS, an EEG experimental protocol is designed with two tasks involving emotionality evaluation of either photograph or line-drawing faces. A pilot study is introduced for selecting face stimuli that minimize the differences in reaction times and scores assigned to facial emotions between the pretested patients with AS and IQ/gender-matched healthy controls. Information from the pretested patients was used to develop the scoring system used for the emotionality evaluation. Research into facial emotions and visual stimuli with different spatial frequency contents has reached discrepant findings depending on the demographic characteristics of participants and task demands2. The experimental protocol is intended to clarify deficits in patients with AS in processing emotional faces when compared with healthy controls by controlling for factors unrelated to recognition of facial emotions, such as task difficulty, IQ and gender.
Aging | doi:10.18632/aging.100404. Vladimir N. Anisimov, Maxim V. Egorov, Marina S. Krasilshchikova, Konstantin G. Lyamzaev, Vasily N. Manskikh, Mikhail P. Moshkin, Evgeny A. Novikov, Irina G. Popovich, Konstantin A. Rogovin, Irina G. Shabalina, Olga N. Shekarova, Maxim V. Skulachev, Tatiana V. Titova, Vladimir A. Vygodin, Mikhail Yu. Vyssokikh, Maria N. Yurova, Mark A. Zabezhinsky, Vladimir P. Skulachev
The paper is focused on light scattering by aggregates of optically soft particles with a size larger than the wavelength, in particular, blood platelets.

We conducted a systematic simulation of light scattering by dimers and larger aggregates of blood platelets, each modeled as oblate spheroids, using the discrete dipole approximation. Two-dimensional (2-D) light scattering patterns (LSPs) and internal fields showed that the multiple scattering between constituent particles can be neglected. Additionally, we derived conditions of the scattering angle and orientation of the dimer, under which the averaging of the 2-D LSPs over the azimuthal scattering angle washes out interference in the far field, resulting in averaged LSPs of the aggregate being equal to the sum of that for its constituents. We verified theoretical conclusions using the averaged LSPs of blood platelets measured with the scanning flow cytometer (SFC). Moreover, we obtained similar results for a model system of aggregates of polystyrene beads, studied both experimentally and theoretically.

Finally, we discussed the potential of discriminating platelet aggregates from monomers using the SFC.
Researchers define the political regime of Komuch as a democracy or a dictatorship that used democratic rhetoric as cover. In historiography, there are some different variants of the conflict events’ description and its interpretation.

To have a deep understanding of the problem the article considers a particular topic – a conflict of Samara Central council of residential quarters and Samara Town Council. In summer 1917, Samara residential quarters emerged, and in spring 1918 they came into conflict with Soviet regime. Samara Central council was organized. After anti-Bolshevist take-over, the Central council of residential quarters got a subsidy from Samara Town Council and the rights to temporary perform some of its functions, but claimed to participate in making decisions on wider range of problems, actively interacted with government and military institutions. Towards the end of July – beginning of August 1918, Samara Town Council limited interference of quarters organizations in its work. Komuch flabbily resisted, then supported the Town Council. The Central council of residential quarters lost the subsidy and self-occupied premises, polled 0,5 votes during city elections, and left the political arena.

Society and government referred the Central council of residential quarters to the democratic organizations, evaluating its position, but not lawfulness of its work and legitimacy of its origin.The author comes to the conclusion that Komuch was not able to develop a clear position concerning the place of voluntary organizations in the government structure, was a hybrid political regime (dictablanda), functioning without any distinct regulatory grounds.
Personal-possessive 1st and 2nd person singular noun affixes in the Surgut dialect of the Khanty language, as well as 1st person plural noun affixes (irregular in various dialects) with singular objects are represented by several allomorphs: 1SG.SG ‒ =əм / =эм / =ам; 2SG.SG ‒ =əн / =э (=эн) / =а; 1PL.SG ‒ (?)=əв / =эв / =ив / =ув / =ав. When the personal-possessive affixes are attached, vowel alternation occurs in several roots. The choice of specific allomorphs and the presence or absence of alternation depends on the root vowels. In roots with short vowels, there is no alternation, and affixes with lower vowels are used: =ам (1SG.SG) and =а (1SG.SG). When the personal-possessive affixes are attached to roots with long vowels, lower vowels are replaced by corresponding upper vowels. After roots with long upper vowels, =эм (1SG.SG) and =э (2SG.SG) affix variants are used, and no alternation occurs, because vowels can no longer be ‘moved’ upwards. After stems with long non-upper vowels, the =əм (1SG.SG) and =əн (2SG.SG) affixes are used, and alternation takes place in the root. This is not true for some specific cases: in roots with long middle vowels, these processes may occur according to the upper vowel model, or the lower vowel model; for example, the lexeme вӧӈ ‘son-in-law’, which contains a short vowel, can be followed by affixes with the vowel э, typical for roots with long upper vowels. Our research is based on field materials collected in the Surgut District, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, or Yugra, in 2017‒2019. The audio records were segmented and annotated in the Praat software. Acoustic analysis and further statistical analysis of our data was performed on the basis of Emu-SDMS corpus system and R language.
Preferred formulation of the problem in two space dimensions are described for solving the three fundamental equations of mechanics (conservation of mass, conservation of momentum, and conservation of energy). Models of the behavior of materials provide the closure to the three fundamentals equations for applications to problems in compressible fluid flow and solid mechanics. Models of fracture and damage are described. A caloric model of the equation of state is proposed to describe thermodynamic properties of solid materials with the phase transitions. Two-dimensional problems of a high-velocity impact of a space nuclear propulsion system reactor are solved. High-velocity impact problems of destruction of reactor are solved for the two cases: 1) at its crash landing on the Earth surface (the impact velocity being up to 400 m/s); 2) at its impact (with velocity up to 16 km/s) with the space debris fragments.
The paper examines the role of universities in city development under the Triple Helix model through case studies of Russian and British cities. The cases of Bristol and Sheffield illustrate that the implementation of the Triple Helix model can be achieved through different approaches. In Bristol, universities reached beyond their campuses to create a ground for cooperation with partners. In Sheffield, there was a platform for interaction with partners using the brand of a top university. Meanwhile, the examples of Tomsk and Novosibirsk provide some evidence for the growing importance of universities in the innovative urban economy. The comparative analysis provides recommendations for Russian universities, whose application of the Triple Helix model is prevented by the lack of experience in developing an effective marketing strategy and weak interactions between research and enterprises.
The Robertsonian translocations inherited from parents with a normal phenotype are often discovered through children with pathogenesis. The exact causes of pathologies in children with clinical manifestations are often unknown and vary greatly in the reported cases: uniparental disomy, de novo rearrangements, changes in methylation patterns and gene expression, including ribosomal genes. Molecular-cytogenetic investigation of a clinical case of intellectual disability. GTG-banding, Ag-NOR staining, fluorescent in situ hybridization, PCR, real-time PCR. We describe a family case of a translocation rob (13; 14) and elevated rRNA expression in the proband with developmental delay and in his phenotypically normal mother. We show the loss of the p-arms of original chromosomes and the absence of NORs on the derived chromosome. The whole-chromosome uniparental disomy is excluded. The translocated chromosome in the proband was most likely inherited from the mother and did not come about de novo with normal chromosomes 13 and 14 being obtained from the father. The cause of the pathogenesis in the proband still remains unknown. We hypothesize that it could be caused by impaired imprinting manifesting in altered methylation levels of loci on the derivative chromosome.
Эта статья содержит также изложение предыдущих работ, выполненных с 1980 г., включая первые топологические идеи в пространстве квазиимпульсов.

В статье полное многообразие собственных функций основного состояния для чисто магнитного 2D-оператора Паули рассматривается как побочный продукт новой редукции, найденной авторами несколько лет назад для алгебро-геометрических обратных спектральных данных (т.е. римановых поверхностей и дивизоров). Эта редукция ассоциирована с $(2+1)$-солитонной иерархией, содержащей 2D-аналог известной "системы Бюргерса".

Нулевой 2D-уровень "неспектральных" функций Блоха-Флоке дает дискретные точки дополнительного спектра аналогично "граничным состояниям" конечнозонных 1D-потенциалов в зонах.
Deformable cell model is developed to study pattern formation and to simulate plant tissue growth. Each cell represents a polygon with a number of vertices connected by springs. Some cells in the tissue can grow and divide, other cells are differentiated and do not grow or divide but remain deformable. The model is used to investigate formation of self-similar structures which reproduce the same cell organization during their growth. In numerical experiments we observed that self-similar solutions can exist for a rather precise choice of plant structure and mechanical properties of cell walls. We test the model for simulation of apical meristems functioning which represent self-similar cell structures in plants. At the next stage of modelling, auxin distribution is introduced by means of diffusion and polar transport mechanisms. The existence of steady auxin distribution in a growing root is investigated. Single as well as multiple auxin maxima have been observed in model solutions.
Charge symmetry breaking (CSB) observables are a suitable experimental tool to examine effects induced by quark masses on the nuclear level. Previous high precision data from TRIUMF and IUCF are currently used to develop a consistent description of CSB within the framework of chiral perturbation theory. In this work the experimental studies on the reaction dd→He4π0 have been extended towards higher excess energies in order to provide information on the contribution of p-waves in the final state. For this, an exclusive measurement has been carried out at a beam momentum of pd=1.2GeV/c using the WASA-at-COSY facility. The total cross section amounts to σtot=(118±18stat±13sys±8ext)pb and first data on the differential cross section are consistent with s-wave pion production.
The adrenals are known as an important link in pathogenesis of arterial hypertensive disease. The study was directed to the adrenal transcriptome analysis in ISIAH rats with stress-sensitive arterial hypertension and predominant involvement in pathogenesis of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and sympathoadrenal systems.

The RNA-Seq approach was used to perform the comparative adrenal transcriptome profiling in hypertensive ISIAH and normotensive WAG rats. Multiple differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to different biological processes and metabolic pathways were detected.

The discussion of the results helped to prioritize the several DEGs as the promising candidates for further studies of the genetic background underlying the stress-sensitive hypertension development in the ISIAH rats. Two of these were transcription factor genes (Nr4a3 and Ppard), which may be related to the predominant activation of the sympathetic-adrenal medullary axis in ISIAH rats. The other genes are known as associated with hypertension and were defined in the current study as DEGs making the most significant contribution to the inter-strain differences. Four of them (Avpr1a, Hsd11b2, Agt, Ephx2) may provoke the hypertension development, and Mpo may contribute to insulin resistance and inflammation in the ISIAH rats. The study strongly highlighted the complex nature of the pathogenesis of stress-sensitive hypertension. The data obtained may be useful for identifying the common molecular determinants in different animal models of arterial hypertension, which may be potentially used as therapeutic targets for pharmacological intervention.
A half-century after the discovery of the superconductor-insulator transition (SIT), one of the fundamental predictions of the theory, the charge Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) transition that is expected to occur at the insulating side of the SIT, has remained unobserved. The charge BKT transition is a phenomenon dual to the vortex BKT transition, which is at the heart of the very existence of two-dimensional superconductivity as a zero-resistance state appearing at finite temperatures. The dual picture points to the possibility of the existence of a superinsulating state endowed with zero conductance at finite temperature. Here, we report the observation of the charge BKT transition on the insulating side of the SIT, identified by the critical behavior of the resistance. We find that the critical temperature of the charge BKT transition depends on the magnetic field exhibiting first the fast growth and then passing through the maximum at fields much less than the upper critical field. Finally, we ascertain the effects of the finite electrostatic screening length and its divergence at the magnetic field-tuned approach to the superconductor-insulator transition.
On the one hand, the widespread use of electron microprobe analysis in the version of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and, on the other hand, the comparability of the metrological characteristics of the EDS and wavelength dispersive spectrometry (WDS) in the case of determining the major components of minerals are a favourable background for investigating the possibility of using SEM-EDS for chemical dating of uranium mineralization.

Carbonaceous-siliceous formations of the Dabanzhalga suite are widespread in carbonate deposits of the Lower Paleozoic in the Oka structural-formational zone of the East Sayan and represent deep-water deposits of the back-arc basin. All varieties of carbonaceous-siliceous rocks of the Dabanzhalga suite are characterized by increased U, Au, Ag, Pt, Pd, Mo, V, P, Cu. Their amounts are 5–10 times higher than those for other black shale deposits of the Eastern Sayan. Uranium forms its minerals – uraninite and brannerite, in association with carbonaceous matter and sulfides, and is also part of anhydrous phosphates – xenotime, monazite. The paper presents data on the composition and dating of brannerite and uraninite in samples of carbonaceous-siliceous shale sampled at three sites: Uber-Zhadoy, Deed-Khara-Zhalga and Erye-Khara-Zhalga.

The obtained estimates of the isochronous dates of uraninite and brannerite grains for these areas are 523±26, 506±10, and 511±17 Ma, respectively. It was shown that these dates could be compared with the age of metamorphism at the Sukhoi Log deposit, estimated using modern methods of isotope geochronology. It should be noted that the average estimates of the dates of uraninite and brannerite in all studied areas of the Dabanzhalga suite are lower than the corresponding estimates of the isochronous date, which is probably due to the partial loss of radiogenic lead. For the Uber-Zhadoy site, a comparison of the EDS and WDS data was carried out, and it was shown that when using the EDS data, there is an underestimation of the Pb content in uraninite, and, as a consequence, an underestimation of the age of uraninite.
On the basis of linear approximation of parameters of mixture additional relations describing interphase interactions are obtained for classical model of ideal and viscous gas and dispersed phase of spherical particles.
There is a growing body of evidence that interventions like cognitive training or exercises prior to the manifestation of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) symptoms may decelerate cognitive decline. Nonetheless, evidence of prevention or a delay of dementia is still insufficient. Using OXYS rats as a suitable model of sporadic AD and Wistar rats as a control, we examined effects of cognitive training in the Morris water maze on neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus in presymptomatic (young rats) and symptomatic (adult rats) periods of development of AD signs. Four weeks after the cognitive training, we immunohistochemically estimated densities of quiescent and amplifying neuronal progenitors, neuronal-lineage cells (neuroblasts and immature and mature neurons), and astrocytes in young and adult rats, and the amyloid precursor protein and amyloid-β in adult rats. Reference memory was defective in OXYS rats. The cognitive training did not affect neuronal-lineage cells’ density in either rat strain either at the young or adult age, but activated neuronal progenitors in young rats and increased astrocyte density and downregulated amyloid-β in adult OXYS rats. Thus, to activate adult neurogenesis, cognitive training should be started before first neurodegenerative changes, whereas cognitive training accompanying amyloid-β accumulation affects only astrocytic support.
The tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is an RNA-containing enveloped virus, which poses a major threat to the well-being and health of humans.In this study, we describe an approach to the inactivation of TBEV, which involves the degradation of viral RNA by artificial ribonucleases (aRNases, small organic compounds that exhibit ribonuclease activity in vitro).We demonstrate that the incubation of TBEV with aRNases lead to the total inactivation of the virus as indicated by the plaque formation assay data, but retain the viral immunogenic properties, as shown by the ELISA data.We propose that a possible mechanism of TBEV inactivation with aRNase, which includes: i) formation of local breaks in the lipid membrane of the virus caused by aRNase, ii) penetration of aRNase into the viral capsid, iii) degradation of genomic RNA by aRNase.These data suggest that the proposed approach can be used in the production of killed-virus vaccine.
previously published upper limits on lepton flavor and lepton number violating tau decays

using 671 fb^{-1} of data collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e+e- collider to search for tau decays into a lepton (ell = electron or muon) and two charged mesons (h,h' = pi^\pm or K^\pm)

obtain 90% C.L. upper limits on the branching fractions in the range (4.4-8.8)x10^{-8} for tau -> ehh', and (3.3-16)x10^{-8} for tau -> muhh' processes, improving upon previously published upper limits by factors between 1.6 to 8.8
Venous thromboembolic complications (VTE) are an actual problem for all surgical specialties, and neurosurgery was no exception. Data on the incidence of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism vary over a wide range: from 0 to 34 % and from 0 to 3.8 %, respectively. According to some estimates, VTE are in second place among the causes of postoperative mortality in neurosurgery, which makes the study of this topic relevant and undoubtedly important for improving the quality of care for patients.

The article provides an overview of modern scientific literature, relevant data on the frequency of occurrence of VTE.

The issues of pathogenesis, risk stratification and methods for the prevention of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism are highlighted.
The laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA) of electrons in capillaries and gas jets followed by inverse Compton scattering of high intensity femtosecond laser pulses is discussed. The drive and scattered pulses will be produced by the two-channel multi-terawatt laser system developed in ILP SB RAS.