Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
High spatial resolution thin CsI:Tl scintillator films was prepared by thermal deposition method for X-ray imaging applications.

We fabricated CsI:Tl scintillators ranging from 2 μm to 14 μm in thickness. We measured spacial resolution and light yield as a function of input photons energy (5-40 keV) and film thickness.

To improve spatial resolution of films carbon post-deposition treatments was performed.
The paper presents new experimental results on the simulation of supersonic underexpanded micro-jets by macro-jet in the range of moderate Reynolds numbers of air outflow from the nozzle. A correlation is shown between the variations in the Pitot pressure in the model micro-jet with variations in the length of the supersonic core of real the micro-jets. The results of experiments on the effect of humidity on the pulsation of mass flow rate in a micro-jet are presented.
Fucoxanthin is a natural carotenoid obtained from seaweed which exhibits antioxidant properties. This research aimed to assess whether fucoxanthin, immobilized on aluminum-silicon carrier particles, has a toxic effect on immune cells. The viability, proliferation, nitric oxide production and myeloperoxidase activity of thymocytes and splenocytes of mice in vitro were studied. It was shown that fucoxanthin, immobilized on aluminum-silicon carrier particles, increased the survival rate and proliferation of mature immunocytes (splenocytes) after 24 hours exposure and increased the survival rate of naïve immunocytes (thymocytes) when exposed for 120 hours. In terms of myeloperoxidase, the activity of the immune cells was not affected by fucoxanthin immobilized on the carrier particles. The obtained results indicated that fucoxanthin, immobilized on particles of an aluminum-silicon carrier, did not have a toxic effect on mouse immunocytes. Keywords: Cylindrotheca closterium, fucoxanthin, γ-aluminum oxide, polydimethylsiloxane, thymocytes, splenocytes, viability, proliferation, nitric oxide, myeloperoxidase activity
We have developed a universal method to form the reference signal for the stabilization of arbitrary atomic clocks based on Ramsey spectroscopy. Our approach uses an interrogation scheme of the atomic system with two different Ramsey periods and a specially constructed combined error signal (CES) computed by subtracting two error signals with the appropriate calibration factor. CES spectroscopy allows for perfect elimination of probe-induced light shifts and does not suffer from the effects of relaxation, time-dependent pulse fluctuations and phase-jump modulation errors and other imperfections of the interrogation procedure. The method is simpler than recently developed auto-balanced Ramsey spectroscopy techniques [Ch. Sanner, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 053602 (2018); V. I. Yudin, et al., Phys. Rev. Appl. 9, 054034 (2018)], because it uses a single error signal that feeds back on the clock frequency. CES universal technique can be applied to many applications of precision spectroscopy.
Deriving necessary and sufficient conditions for a scalar potential to be bounded from below (BFB) is a difficult task beyond the simplest cases. Recently, a set of BFB conditions was proposed for the $A_4$-invariant three-Higgs-doublet model (3HDM). However, that set of conditions relied on numerical scan, and a complete analytic proof was lacking. Here, we fill this gap. We prove that the conjectured BFB conditions are indeed necessary and sufficient within the neutral Higgs subspace. We bypass technically challenging direct algebraic computations with a novel technique that relies on an auxiliary function, which is related to the Higgs potential but which is easier to analyze. This technique may finally be sufficient to tackle the more involved case of the original Weinberg's 3HDM model.
Changes in the environment force populations of organisms to adapt to new conditions, either through phenotypic plasticity or through genetic or epigenetic changes. Signatures of selection, such as specific changes in the frequency of alleles and haplotypes, as well as the reduction or increase in genetic diversity, help to identify changes in the cattle genome in response to natural and artificial selection, as well as loci and genetic variants directly affecting adaptive and economically important traits. Advances in genetics and biotechnology enable a rapid transfer of unique genetic variants that have originated in local cattle breeds in the process of adaptation to local environments into the genomes of cosmopolitan high-performance breeds, in order to preserve their outstanding performance in new environments. It is also possible to use genomic selection approach to increase the frequency of already present adaptive alleles in cosmopolitan breeds. The review examines recent work on the origin and evolution of Turano-Mongolian cattle breeds, adaptation of Turano-Mongolian cattle to extreme environments, and summarizes available information on potential candidate genes for climate adaptation of Turano-Mongolian breeds, including cold resistance genes, immune response genes, and high-altitude adaptation genes. The authors conclude that the current literature data do not provide preference to one of the two possible scenarios of Turano-Mongolian breed origins: as a result of the domestication of a wild aurochs at East Asia or as a result of the migration of taurine proto-population from the Middle East. Turano-Mongolian breeds show a high degree of adaptation to extreme climatic conditions (cold, heat, lack of oxygen in the highlands) and parasites (mosquitoes, ticks, bacterial and viral infections). As a result of high-density genotyping and sequencing of genomes and transcriptomes, prospective candidate genes and genetic variants involved in adaptation to environmental factors have recently been identified.
The outer surface of isolated metaphase chromosomes has been investigated by a method of thermally activated tritium labelling. We show that both chromosomal proteins and DNA are tritium-labelled. Fractionation of the chromosomal proteins reveals that scaffold proteins are the most labelled in condensed and EDTA-decondensed chromosomes. Exposition of some scaffold proteins on the outer surface of metaphase chromosomes is suggested.
We introduce a novel approach for determination of volume and shape of individual blood platelets modeled as an oblate spheroid from angle-resolved light scattering with flow-cytometric technique. The light-scattering profiles (LSPs) of individual platelets were measured with the scanning flow cytometer and the platelet characteristics were determined from the solution of the inverse light-scattering problem using the precomputed database of theoretical LSPs. We revealed a phenomenon of parameter compensation, which is partly explained in the framework of anomalous diffraction approximation. To overcome this problem, additional a priori information on the platelet refractive index was used. It allowed us to determine the size of each platelet with subdiffraction precision and independent of the particular value of the platelet aspect ratio. The shape (spheroidal aspect ratio) distributions of platelets showed substantial differences between native and activated by 10 μM adenosine diphosphate samples. We expect that the new approach may find use in hematological analyzers for accurate measurement of platelet volume distribution and for determination of the platelet activation efficiency.
Eigenmodes and dispersion curves in different configurations of synthetic photonic lattices are studied numerically. Eigenmodes localized on borders between areas with different optical potential are found. Stability of these eigenmodes against potential disturbances of different type is studied.
A sol-gel technique was applied to prepare the two-component oxide system Cu-Mg-O, where MgO plays the role of oxide matrix, and CuO is an active chemical looping component. The prepared samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, and X-ray diffraction analysis. The reduction behavior of the Cu-Mg-O system was examined in nine consecutive reduction/oxidation cycles. The presence of the MgO matrix was shown to affect the ability of CuO towards reduction and re-oxidation significantly. During the first reduction/oxidation cycle, the main characteristics of the oxide system (particle size, crystallization degree, etc.) undergo noticeable changes. Starting from the third cycle, the system exhibits a stable operation, providing the uptake of similar hydrogen amounts within the same temperature range. Based on the obtained results, the two-component Cu-Mg-O system can be considered as a prospective chemical looping agent.
The phenomenon of a remarkable conservation of the X chromosome in eutherian mammals has been first described by Susumu Ohno in 1964. A notable exception is the cetartiodactyl X chromosome, which varies widely in morphology and G-banding pattern between species. It is hypothesized that this sex chromosome has undergone multiple rearrangements that changed the centromere position and the order of syntenic segments over the last 80 million years of Cetartiodactyla speciation. To investigate its evolution we have selected 26 evolutionarily conserved bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones from the cattle CHORI-240 library evenly distributed along the cattle X chromosome. High-resolution BAC maps of the X chromosome on a representative range of cetartiodactyl species from different branches: pig (Suidae), alpaca (Camelidae), gray whale (Cetacea), hippopotamus (Hippopotamidae), Java mouse-deer (Tragulidae), pronghorn (Antilocapridae), Siberian musk deer (Moschidae), and giraffe (Giraffidae) were obtained by fluorescent in situ hybridization. To trace the X chromosome evolution during fast radiation in specious families, we performed mapping in several cervids (moose, Siberian roe deer, fallow deer, and Pere David's deer) and bovid (muskox, goat, sheep, sable antelope, and cattle) species. We have identified three major conserved synteny blocks and rearrangements in different cetartiodactyl lineages and found that the recently described phenomenon of the evolutionary new centromere emergence has taken place in the X chromosome evolution of Cetartiodactyla at least five times. We propose the structure of the putative ancestral cetartiodactyl X chromosome by reconstructing the order of syntenic segments and centromere position for key groups.
Influence of perturbation frequency on mixing flow velocity and the varying flow structure in T-shape microchannels are investigated using laser induced fluorescence.

The external disturbances of flow are created excitation system based on the piezoelectric actuator.

Several increases in mixing efficiency were common to all regimes, but also some different features, were observed. For the stationary vortex flow regime, we obtained a decrease in mixing efficiency of 10% at a frequency of 650Hz. For the stationary asymmetric vortex flow regime, the mixing efficiency increases by 33% and 23% for the frequencies 500Hz and 800 Hz, respectively. For Re=400 and Re=300, the flow structures without disturbance are virtually identical; however, in the case of external influence for the quasiperiodic unsteady flow regime, the mixing efficiency decreases by 22% and 29% at distances of 1 and 5 calibres, respectively, for frequency of 1000 Hz.
A counter-intuitive disappearance of the giant terahertz photoconductance of a quantum point contact (QPC) under increase in the photon energy, which was discovered experimentally (Otteneder et al., Phys. Rev. Applied 10 (2018) 014015) and studied by the numerical calculations of the photon-stimulated transport (O.A. Tkachenko et al., JETP Lett. 108 (2018) 396)

is explained here by using qualitative considerations about the momentum conservation upon absorption of terahertz photons. The spectra of photon-stimulated transmission through a smooth one-dimensional barrier are calculated on the basis of the perturbation theory.

These calculations also predict the spectral maxima for optical transitions from the Fermi level to the top of the potential barrier. Within the proposed physical picture, the widths of the spectral maxima are estimated, and the evolution of the shape of the spectra with a change in the position of the Fermi level is qualitatively explained.
The electronic structure of a molecular quantum ring (stacks of 40-unit cyclic porphyrin polymers) is characterized via scanning tunneling microscopy and scanning tunneling spectroscopy. Our measurements access the energetic and spatial distribution of the electronic states and, utilizing a combination of density functional theory and tight-binding calculations, we interpret the experimentally obtained electronic structure in terms of coherent quantum states confined around the circumference of the π-conjugated macrocycle. These findings demonstrate that large (53 nm circumference) cyclic porphyrin polymers have the potential to act as molecular quantum rings.
It is found that nonlinear interaction of plasma wakefields driven by counterpropagating laser or particle beams can efficiently generate high-power electromagnetic radiation at the second harmonic of the plasma frequency. Using a simple analytical theory and particle-in-cell simulations, we show that this phenomenon can be attractive for producing high-field (∼10 MV/cm) tunable terahertz radiation with a narrow line width. For laser drivers produced by existing petawatt-class systems, this nonlinear process opens the way to the generation of gigawatt, multi-millijoule terahertz pulses which are not presently available for any other generating schemes.
any types of atomic clocks using the Ramsey spectroscopy

We develop an universal method to significantly suppress probe-induced shifts

The frequency shifts can be suppressed considerably below a fractional level of 10−18 practically for any optical atomic clocks
Positioning of mRNA 3’ of the A site codon was studied with the use of short mRNA analogues carrying a UUU triplet at the 5’-termini and a perfluorophenylazide group at either the N7 atom of the guanosine or the C5 atom of the uridine 3’ of the triplet. Modified nucleotides were directed to positions +7, +9 or +12 with respect to the first nucleotide of the P site codon by tRNAPhe cognate to the UUU triplet targeted to the P site. Mild UV-irradiation resulted in cross-linking of the mRNA analogues to the 18S rRNA and to 40S proteins, the yield of cross-linking depending on the nature of the mRNA nucleotide bearing the modified group and its position on the ribosome. In addition, the yield of cross-linking to the 18S rRNA decreased strongly when the modified nucleotide was moved from position +7 to position +12. All the mRNA analogues cross-linked to the 18S rRNA nucleotides that had been found earlier at the decoding site, namely, to the invariant dinucleotide A1824/A1825 and the variable A1823 in the 3’-minidomain of the 18S rRNA, and also to the invariant nucleotide C1698 in the 3’-minidomain and the conserved region 605-620 in the apical region of helix 18 in the 5’-domain. The results indicate that (i) the mRNA makes a sharp turn between positions +6 and +7, (ii) the triplet immediately 3’ of the A site codon neighbors the 18S rRNA and proteins, and (iii) the codon 3’ of the triplet mentioned is surrounded mainly by proteins.
We consider the initial-boundary value problem governing unsteady motions of viscous compressible heat-conducting multifluids in a bounded three-dimensional domain. The operator of the material derivative is assumed to be common for all components and defined by the average velocity of the multifluid, but in the remaining terms, the individual velocities are kept. Pressure is considered common and dependent on total density and temperature. The existence of weak solutions of the initial-boundary value problem is proved without simplifying assumptions about the structure of viscosity matrices, except the standard physical requirements of positive definiteness.
The development of highly efficient technologies in genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics, as well as new technologies in agriculture has led to an “information explosion” in plant biology and crop production, including potato production. Only a small part of the information reaches formalized databases (for example, Uniprot, NCBI Gene, BioGRID, IntAct, etc.). One of the main sources of reliable biological data is the scientific literature. The well-known PubMed database contains more than 18 thousand abstracts of articles on potato. The effective use of knowledge presented in such a number of non-formalized documents in natural language requires the use of modern intellectual methods of analysis. However, in the literature, there is no evidence of a widespread use of intelligent methods for automatically extracting knowledge from scientific publications on cultures such as potatoes. Earlier we developed the SOLANUM TUBEROSUM knowledge base (http://www-bionet.sysbio.cytogen. ru/and/plant/). Integrated into the knowledge base information about the molecular genetic mechanisms underlying the selection of significant traits helps to accelerate the identification of candidate genes for the breeding characteristics of potatoes and the development of diagnostic markers for breeding. The article searches for new potential participants of the molecular genetic mechanisms of resistance to adverse factors in plants. Prioritizing candidate genes has shown that the PHYA, GF14, CNIH1, RCI1A, ABI5, CPK1, RGS1, NHL3, GRF8, and CYP21-4 genes are the most promising for further testing of their relationships with resistance to adverse factors. As a result of the analysis, it was shown that the molecular genetic relationships responsible for the formation of significant agricultural traits are complex and include many direct and indirect interactions. The construction of associative gene networks and their analysis using the SOLANUM TUBEROSUM knowledge base is the basis for searching for target genes for targeted mutagenesis and marker-oriented selection of potato varieties with valuable agricultural characteristics.
A molecular dynamics simulation approach was applied for the prediction of the thermal stability of oligonucleotide duplexes. It was shown that the enthalpy of the DNA/DNA complex formation could be calculated using this approach. We have studied the influence of various simulation parameters on the secondary structure and the hybridization enthalpy value of Dickerson–Drew dodecamer. The optimal simulation parameters for the most reliable prediction of the enthalpy values were determined. The thermodynamic parameters (enthalpy and entropy changes) of a duplex formation were obtained experimentally for 305 oligonucleotides of various lengths and GC-content. The resulting database was studied with molecular dynamics (MD) simulation using the optimized simulation parameters. Gibbs free energy changes and the melting temperatures were evaluated using the experimental correlation between enthalpy and entropy changes of the duplex formation and the enthalpy values calculated by the MD simulation. The average errors in the predictions of enthalpy, the Gibbs free energy change, and the melting temperature of oligonucleotide complexes were 11%, 10%, and 4.4 °C, respectively. We have shown that the molecular dynamics simulation gives a possibility to calculate the thermal stability of native DNA/DNA complexes a priori with an unexpectedly high accuracy.
A problem of modeling radiation patterns of wave sources in two-dimensional acoustic tomography is considered. Each source has its own radiation patterns, and their modeling will be used to improve the solvability of inverse problems of recovering the acoustic parameters of human soft tissues and come closer to building a digital twin of acoustic tomography.

The problem is considered as a control problem of the right side for the velocities by spatial variables. Two statements are investigated—control by time or space functions. A numerical solution method is implemented.

The results of numerical calculations are presented.
Experimental simulation of rhodochrosite-involving decarbonation reactions resulting in the formation of spessartine and CO2-fluid was performed in a wide range of pressures (P) and temperatures (T) corresponding to a hot subduction P-T path. Experiments were carried out using a multi-anvil high-pressure apparatus of a “split-sphere” type (BARS) in an MnCO3–SiO2–Al2O3 system (3.0–7.5 GPa, 850–1250 °C and 40–100 h.) with a specially designed high-pressure hematite buffered cell. It was experimentally demonstrated that decarbonation in the MnCO3–SiO2–Al2O3 system occurred at 870 ± 20 °C (3.0 GPa), 1070 ± 20 °C (6.3 GPa), and 1170 ± 20 °C (7.5 GPa). Main Raman spectroscopic modes of the synthesized spessartine were 349–350 (R), 552(υ2), and 906–907 (υ1) cm−1. As evidenced by mass spectrometry (IRMS) analysis, the fluid composition corresponded to pure CO2. It has been experimentally shown that rhodochrosite consumption to form spessartine + CO2 can occur at conditions close to those of a hot subduction P-T path but are 300–350 °C lower than pyrope + CO2 formation parameters at constant pressures. We suppose that the presence of rhodocrosite in the subducting slab, even as solid solution with Mg,Ca-carbonates, would result in a decrease of the decarbonation temperatures. Rhodochrosite decarbonation is an important reaction to explain the relationship between Mn-rich garnets and diamonds with subduction/crustal isotopic signature.
The result of numerical simulation of a flat channel with a back-facing step in the presence of tabs by the RANS method is presented.

The Reynolds number, calculated by the step height and the average flow rate velocity, was Re = 5000. The data obtained made it possible to analyze the dynamics of interaction between the separated flow behind a tab and the region of the main separation behind a step.

Tabs have the greatest influence on the area in close proximity to the step.
The development of power plants focuses on increasing the parameters of water coolants up to a supercritical level. Depressurization of the unit circuits with such a coolant leads to emergency situations. Their scenarios can change significantly with the variation of initial pressure and temperature before the start of depressurization. When the pressure drops from the supercritical single-phase region of the initial thermodynamic parameters of the coolant, either the liquid boils up, or the vapor is condensed. Because of the rapid pressure decrease, the phase transition can be non-equilibrium that must be taken into account in the simulation. In the present study, an axisymmetric problem of the outflow of a water coolant from the pipe butt-end is considered. The equations of continuity, momentum and energy for a two-phase homogeneous mixture are solved numerically. The vapor and liquid properties are calculated using the TTSE software package (The Tabular Taylor Series Expansion Method). On the basis of the computer complex LCPFCT (The Flux-Corrected Transport Algorithm) the program code was developed for solving numerous problems on the depressurization of vessels or pipelines, containing superheated water or gas under high pressure. Different variants of outflow in the external model atmosphere and generation of waves are analyzed. The calculated data on the interaction of pressure waves with a barrier are calculated. To describe phase transitions, an asymptotic relaxation model of nonequilibrium evaporation and condensation has been created and tested.
We report a search for B0 decays into invisible final states using a data sample of 657×106 B¯¯¯B pairs collected at the Υ(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB e+e− collider.

The signal is identified by fully reconstructing a hadronic decay of the accompanying B meson and requiring no other particles in the event.

No significant signal is observed, and we obtain an upper limit of 1.3×10−4 at the 90% confidence level for the branching fraction of invisible B0 decay.