Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Overgrowth syndromes comprise a group of heterogeneous disorders characterised by excessive growth parameters, often in association with intellectual disability.

To identify new causes of human overgrowth, we have been undertaking trio-based exome sequencing studies in overgrowth patients and their unaffected parents. Prioritisation of functionally relevant genes with multiple unique de novo mutations revealed four mutations in protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) regulatory subunit B family genes protein phosphatase 2, regulatory Subunit B', beta (PPP2R5B); protein phosphatase 2, regulatory Subunit B', gamma (PPP2R5C); and protein phosphatase 2, regulatory Subunit B', delta (PPP2R5D). Analysis of exome-sequencing data from a follow-up series of overgrowth probands identified a further pathogenic mutation, bringing the total number of affected individuals to 5. We mapped the mutations onto the crystal structure of the PP2A holoenzyme complex to predict their molecular and functional consequences.

This observation in 3 related genes in 111 individuals with a similar phenotype is greatly in excess of the expected number, as determined from gene-specific de novo mutation rates (P = 1.43 × 10 -10 ). Heterozygotes shared similar phenotypic features including increased height, increased head circumference and intellectual disability. The mutations clustered within a region of nine amino acid residues in the aligned protein sequences (P = 1.6 × 10 -5 ). These studies suggest that the mutations may affect substrate binding, thus perturbing the ability of PP2A to dephosphorylate particular protein substrates.
Environmental factors and plant architectonics significantly determine its water regime, namely, the water content and its movement through the tissues forced by the difference in water potentials, turgor pressure in cells, etc. In turn, the cumulative water regime affects the functioning and growth of cells, photosynthesis, and, as a result, the plant’s growth. The leaf contributes to the formation of the water regime and characterizes the contour of the plant’s adaptive system. Nevertheless, the data on the contribution of leaves to the total resistance to water transport in the plant and the structure of the hydraulic resistance of the leaf itself is still contradictory. This paper presents the formulation and justification of the monocots leaf hydraulics model based on Darcy’s law. The model was tested in computational experiments in the Comsol 4.3b package on idealized geometric models of leaf blades. Simulations showed the dependence of water potential distribution in xylem vessels and leaf mesophyll on the permeability of these tissues and on microclimatic parameters around the leaf. The adequacy of the model parameters selected as a result of testing is discussed.
The development of 1D instability of a detonation wave is numerically simulated for a two-stage chemical model.

The shock-fitting approach is employed to track the leading detonation front. In order to determine its motion, the equation for the acceleration of the shock wave derived from the Rankine-Hugoniot conditions and the characteristic relations is integrated along with the reactive Euler equations. The fifth-order WENO scheme is used, time stepping is performed with the four-stage Runge-Kutta-Gill method.

It is shown that in a certain range of parameters of the problem (the degree of overdrive f, the dissociation energy Ed and the activation energy Ea), the Zeldovich-Neumann-Döring stationary solution is unstable with respect to 1D disturbances. The evolution of disturbances at later nonlinear stages is studied. Nonlinear saturation of the growth of disturbances leads to the formation of a stable limit cycle. When changing the parameters of the problem, the period doubling bifurcation can occur leading to the appearance of pulsations with two different maxima of the amplitude.
The paper presents the results of geological, geochemical and isotope-geochronological studies of subvolcanic rhyolites of the Western Gorny Altai and Rudny Altai which have related to two large volcanic systems, the Altai-Minusinsk and Altai-Salair, respectively. The results of U-Pb isotopic dating of zircons revealed two groups of ages ~410-405 and 390-381 million years. Isotope-geochemical characteristics of rhyolites show relatively high values of εNd(T) = +2,7...6,0 with relatively young values of model ages T(DM) = 851-966 Ma in the Rudny Altai and more ancient - up to 1266 Ma in the West Gorny Altai. Geochemical characteristics indicate that its composition is consistent with transitional field between within-plate and island-arc felsic magmas. The results obtained correspond to the two-stage evolution of volcanism and its migration from the continent to the ocean.
We described all \delta-derivations of semisimple f.-d. structurable algebras over algebraically closed field with characteritic is not equal 2,3,5.
Forced high-frequency vibrations of the airfoil surface part with the amplitude almost equal to the sound velocity can change significantly the lift force of the symmetric profile streamlined at zero angle of attack. The oscillation consists of two harmonics. The ratio of harmonics frequencies values is equal to 2. The present work shows that the aerodynamic properties depend significantly on the specific energy contribution of each frequency.
The emerging tasks of determining the features of bottom sediments, including the evolution of the seabed, require a significant improvement in the quality of data and methods for their processing. Marine seismic data has traditionally been perceived to be of high quality compared to land data. However, high quality is always a relative characteristic and is determined by the problem being solved. In a detailed study of complex processes, the interaction of waves with bottom sediments, as well as the processes of seabed evolution over short time intervals (not millions of years), we need very high accuracy of observations. If we also need significant volumes of research covering large areas, then a significant revision of questions about the quality of observations and methods of processing is required to improve the quality of data. The article provides an example of data obtained during high-precision marine surveys and containing a wide frequency range from hundreds of hertz to kilohertz. It is shown that these data, visually having a very high quality, have variations in wavelets at all analyzed frequencies. The corresponding variations reach tens of percent. The use of the method of factor decomposition in the spectral domain made it possible to significantly improve the quality of the data, reducing the variability of wavelets by several times.
Evolutionary history and taxonomic position for cryptic species may be clarified by using molecular and cytogenetic methods.

The subterranean rodent, the Alay mole vole
During the field works in the summer of 2018, in the Lena River delta on the Sardakh-Sisse Island, prints of leaf flora belonging to species of broad and small-leaved deciduous trees were found. The prints found by us are confined to the layer of ferruginous sandstones at the base of the section. The following taxa established: Platanus sp., Alnus sp., Fagus sp., Salix sp. In addition, a fossilized fruit belonging to Magnolia sp.

The findings allow to conclude that there are mixed forests in the early-middle Miocene in this region, consisting of coniferous, small- and broad-leaved deciduous species of trees and shrubs.
The physical modelling of elastic waves reflected from the boundary between the water and the model of low-velocity azimuthally anisotropic medium was carried out. The model of anisotropic medium was made using 3D printer. The results of experiments showed that the reflection coefficients are practically independent from the azimuth at the angles of incidence less than 25°. At larger angles of incidence, the azimuthal dependence of the reflection coefficients is observed, which is most pronounced at azimuths from 45° to 75°. The results of measurements in the layering direction are in good agreement with the theoretical reflection coefficients for the boundary of isotropic media.
Collective effects in the diffusive motion of aqueous systems consisting of 10,000 particles (pure water, He and Ar aqueous solutions) are studied, by using the molecular dynamics simulation. The two-particle correlation function DP(t), which is the average scalar product of the displacement vectors of two molecules initially separated by distances lying in certain narrow intervals, is calculated. The calculations were carried out for water molecules and for atoms of rare gases. The presence of He and Ar atoms in 3%-solutions is shown to weakly affect the form of the DP(t) function for water molecules. For He and Ar atoms in aqueous solutions, as well as in the cases of water molecules and Ar atoms in pure liquids, the corresponding correlation functions are found to have a plateau. For a system composed of 1,000 Ar atoms and 9,000 water molecules, no homogeneous liquid solution is obtained even at high pressures.
A combination of the searches for pair-produced vector-like partners of the top and bottom quarks in various decay channels ($T$$\rightarrow$$Zt/Wb/Ht$, $B$$\rightarrow$$Zb/Wt/Hb$) is performed using 36.1 fb$^{-1}$ of $pp$ collision data at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider.

The observed data are found to be in good agreement with the Standard Model background prediction in all individual searches. Therefore, combined 95% confidence-level upper limits are set on the production cross-section for a range of vector-like quark scenarios, significantly improving upon the reach of the individual searches. Model-independent limits are set assuming the vector-like quarks decay to Standard Model particles.

A singlet $T$ is excluded for masses below 1.31 TeV and a singlet $B$ is excluded for masses below 1.22 TeV. Assuming a weak isospin $(T,B)$ doublet and $|V_{Tb}| \ll |V_{tB}|$, $T$ and $B$ masses below 1.37 TeV are excluded.
Possible existence of baryo-dense (BD) stars and antistars, which might be created in the very early Universe in the frameworks of a slightly modified Affleck--Dine scenario of baryogenesis is studied. We discuss phenomenology, observational manifestations, and bounds on such antistars and show that they are allowed to be abundant in the Galaxy. New constraints on the possible number of compact antimatter objects are derived. We point out that explosion of an antistar as a type Ia supernova produces a remnant with relatively low annihilation signal. Another important conclusion is the strong reduction of the annihilation flux from antistars in the gaseous disk of the Galaxy due to the high velocities of BD stars in general, and antistars in particular. The contemporary observational data do not exclude significant amount of antimatter in the Galaxy (and in other galaxies) in the form of the BD stars with relatively low mass.
The research was carried out in order to study the effect of autumn vegetation conditions on the growth, development and overwintering of winter wheat and rye depending on different sowing dates. The work was performed in 2016–2019 in the conditions of the forest-steppe of the Ob region. The research material included the varieties of tetraploid winter rye Vlada and Tetra short and winter wheat varieties Novosibirskaya 40 and Novosibirskaya 3. Sowing was carried out on three dates: 1st – 23 August, 2nd – 31 August and 3rd – 7 September under bare fallow. The choice of the optimal sowing time creates favorable conditions for the growth and development of winter crops and their preparation for further overwintering. According to the studies, it was noted that the intensity of autumn shoot formation and plant growth to a greater extent depends on the duration of the autumn growing season. A decrease in the plant growth rate and formation of tillering shoots from the first sowing date to the third date was associated with a decrease in the sum of effective temperatures. When sowing on a later date, the sum of effective temperatures varied in the range of 90–197° over the years. Under these conditions, overwintering rate of winter rye remained at the level of 94–100%, while in winter wheat it decreased to 40%. The best option, which ensured the stability of winter resistance, was the second sowing date (August 31) with a sum of effective temperatures of 250-300°, whereby the plants formed 3–4 tillering shoots and the plant height reached 18–25 cm. Winter rye outperforms winter wheat in autumn growth rate, shoot formation and in the vegetation cone development.
Using 980.6 $\rm fb^{-1}$ of data collected with the Belle detector operating at the KEKB asymmetric-energy $e^+e^-$ collider, we present a measurement of the branching fraction of the singly Cabibbo-suppressed decay $Λ_c^+ \to p ω$. A clear $Λ_c^+$ signal is observed for $Λ_c^+ \to p ω$ with a statistical significance of 9.1 standard deviations, and we measure the ratio of branching fractions ${\cal B}(Λ_c^+ \to p ω)/{\cal B}(Λ_c^+ \to p K^- π^+) = (1.32 \pm 0.12 (\rm stat) \pm 0.10 (\rm syst))\times 10^{-2}$, from which we infer the branching fraction ${\cal B}(Λ_c^+ \to p ω) = (8.27 \pm 0.75 (\rm stat) \pm 0.62 (\rm syst) \pm 0.42 (\rm ref))\times 10^{-4}$. The first quoted uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic, and the third from the reference mode $Λ_c^+ \to p K^- π^+$.
Retrotransposons comprise a substantial fraction of eukaryotic genomes, reaching the highest proportions in plants. Therefore, identification and annotation of retrotransposons is an important task in studying the regulation and evolution of plant genomes. The majority of computational tools for mining transposable elements (TEs) are designed for subsequent genome repeat masking, often leaving aside the element lineage classification and its protein domain composition. Additionally, studies focused on the diversity and evolution of a particular group of retrotransposons often require substantial customization efforts from researchers to adapt existing software to their needs.

Here, we developed a computational pipeline to mine sequences of protein-coding retrotransposons based on the sequences of their conserved protein domains-DARTS (Domain-Associated Retrotransposon Search). Using the most abundant group of TEs in plants-long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons (LTR-RTs)-we show that DARTS has radically higher sensitivity for LTR-RT identification compared to the widely accepted tool LTRharvest. DARTS can be easily customized for specific user needs.

As a result, DARTS returns a set of structurally annotated nucleotide and amino acid sequences which can be readily used in subsequent comparative and phylogenetic analyses. DARTS may facilitate researchers interested in the discovery and detailed analysis of the diversity and evolution of retrotransposons, LTR-RTs, and other protein-coding TEs.
We report a study of the decay ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}D{K}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ followed by $D\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$, where $D$ indicates ${D}^{0}$ or ${\overline{D}}^{0}$. We reconstruct the $D{K}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ state in a phase space corresponding to $D{K}^{*}(892{)}^{0}$. The $CP$-violating angle ${\ensuremath{\phi}}_{3}$ affects its decay rate via the interference between $b\ensuremath{\rightarrow}u$ and $b\ensuremath{\rightarrow}c$ transitions. The result is obtained from a $711\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ data sample that contains $772\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}B\overline{B}$ pairs collected at the $\ensuremath{\Upsilon}(4S)$ resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collider. We measure the ratio ${\mathcal{R}}_{D{K}^{*0}}\ensuremath{\equiv}\ensuremath{\Gamma}({B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}[{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{]}_{D}{K}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}})/\ensuremath{\Gamma}({B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}[{K}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{]}_{D}{K}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}})$ to be $({4.5}_{\ensuremath{-}5.0\ensuremath{-}1.8}^{+5.6+2.8})\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$, and set an upper limit of ${\mathcal{R}}_{D{K}^{*0}}<0.16$ at the 95% credible interval.
Currently there are world-wide efforts to improve the accuracy of this calculation to match the expected precision of the new experiment at Fermilab to measure muon (g-2), now taking data. The best precision is still achieved by integrating the measured total cross-section of $e^+e^- \to hadrons$. The calculation is strongly dominated by low-energy data, in particular, by data at $\sqrt{s}<2$ GeV.

The energy scan of the whole energy range was performed in 2011-2013 and, after detector and collider upgrade and increase in luminosity by factor 2-3, in 2017-2019. The total luminosity integral collected so far is 250 pb$^{-1}$.

The CMD-3 results provide an important input for calculation of the hadronic contribution to the muon anomalous magnetic moment. Other interesting topics of the CMD-3 physics program include a study of hadron cross-sections at the nucleon-antinucleon threshold and a search for two-photon production of C-even resonances.
emerging tension between the direct astronomical measurements at low redshifts and cosmological parameters deduced from the Planck measurements of the CMB anisotropies

if the dark matter consists of two fractions, stable part being dominant and a smaller unstable fraction

The latter constitutes ~10 per cent at the recombination epoch if decays by now
In the present work a variation of schlieren technique increasing its sensitivity and usability is described.

New self-adjustable adaptive transparencies (cutoffs) based on bleaching effect are suggested. The transparencies are thin layers made of translucent substance which are placed in the focal plane of the receiving lens of a shlieren system. To implement the technique laser light sources have to be used.

It was shown the transparencies have low response time (10-20 µs) allowing significantly reduce liability of the system to vibrations. Such adaptive visualizing transparencies (AVT) have an increased sensitivity and usability and enable one to obtain a quantitative data.
The redox properties of heterometallic anionic (CO) 13 ] -, [Os 3 Co(CO) 13 ] -and neutral Cp * MOs 3 (CO) 10 (µ-H)(µ-Cl) (M = Rh, Ir) clusters were studied by electrochemical methods at platinum, glassed carbon and dropping mercury electrodes in acetonitrile and dichloromethane solutions.

It was established that redox transformations of these heterometallic clusters results in the elimination of M-containing (М = Fe, Co, Rh, Ir) fragments and the formation of homometallic trinuclear osmium clusters, which undergoes further electrochemical reactions.
Background. The first-generation trk inhibitors, larotrectinib and entrectinib, were approved by the u.s. Food and drug administration (Fda) for the treatment of advanced solid tumors harboring NTRK gene fusions in November 2018 and in august 2019, respectively. The purpose of the study was to present upto-date data on the structure and functions of ntrk genes, the frequency of occurrence of rearrangements with their participation, the consequences of their occurrence at the cellular level, methods of detecting such rearrangements, as well as targeted drugs used in the presence of chimeric NTRK genes. Material and methods. A systemic literature search was conducted in pubmed ncbi, Web of science, scopus databases. Results. The products of NTRK genes are receptors for neurotrophins, and their high expression is normally observed only in a narrow range of tissue types. Intrachromosomal or interchromosomal rearrangements lead to a significant increase in the level of expression of the chimeric gene regulated by the strong promoter of the partner gene. The high transcriptional activity of such a gene, along with the constant activation of the kinase activity of the protein product, leads to the activation of metabolic pathways responsible for cell escape from apoptosis and disruption of the regulation of the cell cycle. The occurrence of chimeric NTRK genes varies between different types of tumors, with the highest (up to 90 %) in rare cancers (secretory carcinoma of the breast, secretory carcinoma of the salivary glands, congenital mesoblastic nephroma, children’s fibrosarcoma). Larotrectinib and entrectinib are highly effective targeted drugs in suppressing the growth of a tumor carrying NTRK rearrangements, regardless of the type of tumor. In this regard, the introduction of new high-precision methods for the detection of chimeric NTRK genes, as well as the study of the mechanisms of the development of resistance with the assumption of ways to overcome it, seems relevant. Conclusion. Rearrangements of NTRK genes are quite common in various types of oncology and are an effective target for modern targeted drugs.
Background: Constant blood flow despite changes in blood pressure, a phenomenon called autoregulation, has been demonstrated for various organ systems. We hypothesized that by changing hydrostatic pressures in peripheral arteries, we can establish these limits of autoregulation in peripheral arteries based on local pulse wave velocity (PWV). Methods: Electrocardiogram and plethysmograph waveforms were recorded at the left and right index fingers in 18 healthy volunteers. Each subject changed their left arm position, keeping the right arm stationary. Pulse arrival times (PAT) at both fingers were measured and used to calculate PWV. We calculated ΔPAT (ΔPWV), the differences between the left and right PATs (PWVs), and compared them to the respective calculated blood pressure at the left index fingertip to derive the limits of autoregulation. Results: ΔPAT decreased and ΔPWV increased exponentially at low blood pressures in the fingertip up to a blood pressure of 70 mmHg, after which changes in ΔPAT and ΔPWV were minimal. The empirically chosen 20 mmHg window (75-95 mmHg) was confirmed to be within the autoregulatory limit (slope = 0.097, p = 0.56). ΔPAT and ΔPWV within a 20 mmHg moving window were not significantly different from the respective data points within the control 75-95 mmHg window when the pressure at the fingertip was between 56 and 110 mmHg for ΔPAT and between 57 and 112 mmHg for ΔPWV. Conclusions: Changes in hydrostatic pressure due to changes in arm position significantly affect peripheral arterial stiffness as assessed by ΔPAT and ΔPWV, allowing us to estimate peripheral autoregulation limits based on PWV.
We studied yeast cells in physiological solution during freezing by Raman microspectroscopy technique. The purpose was to find out the origin of a sharp peak near ~3430 cm^-1 in Raman spectrum of frozen mammalian cells, observed earlier (J. Dong et al, Biophys. J., 99 (2010) 2453), which presumably could be used as an indicator of intracellar ice appearance. We have shown that this line (actually doublet of 3408 and 3425 cm^-1) corresponds to Raman spectrum of hydrohalite (NaCl-2H2O), which is formed as the result of the eutectic crystallization of the liquid solution around the cells. We also show that the spatial distribution of hydrohalite in the sample significantly depends on the cooling rate. At lower cooling rate (1°C/min), products of eutectic crystallization form layer on the cell surface which thickness varies for different cells and can reach ~1 μm in thickness. At higher cooling rate (20°C/min), the hydrohalite distribution appears more homogeneous, in the sample, and the eutectic crystallization layer around the cells was estimated to be less than ~20 nm. These experimental results are consistent with scenarios predicted by the two-factor hypothesis for freezing induced cell injury. This work demonstrates a potential of Raman microspectroscopy to study peculiarities of the eutectic crystallization around single cells in vivo with the high spatial resolution.