Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Immiscible liquid–liquid flows in microchannels are used extensively in various chemical and biological lab-on-a-chip systems when it is very important to predict the expected flow pattern for a variety of fluids and channel geometries. Commonly, biological and other complex liquids express non-Newtonian properties in a dispersed phase. Features and behavior of such systems are not clear to date. In this paper, immiscible liquid–liquid flow in a T-shaped microchannel was studied by means of high-speed visualization, with an aim to reveal the shear-thinning effect on the flow patterns and slug-flow features. Three shear-thinning and three Newtonian fluids were used as dispersed phases, while Newtonian castor oil was a continuous phase. For the first time, the influence of the non-Newtonian dispersed phase on the transition from segmented to continuous flow is shown and quantitatively described. Flow-pattern maps were constructed using nondimensional complex We0.4·Oh0.6 depicting similarity in the continuous-to-segmented flow transition line. Using available experimental data, the proposed nondimensional complex is shown to be effectively applied for flow-pattern map construction when the continuous phase exhibits non-Newtonian properties as well. The models to evaluate an effective dynamic viscosity of a shear-thinning fluid are discussed. The most appropriate model of average-shear-rate estimation based on bulk velocity was chosen and applied to evaluate an effective dynamic viscosity of a shear-thinning fluid. For a slug flow, it was found that in the case of shear-thinning dispersed phase at low flow rates of both phases, a jetting regime of slug formation was established, leading to a dramatic increase in slug length.
The relaxational kinetics of the photoemission from the Cs/GaAs and GaAs(Cs,O) surfaces at elevated temperatures is studied. It was found that heating to moderate temperatures of about 150°C leads to substantial changes in the amplitude and shape of the Cs coverage dependences of the photoemission current, along with the changes of its relaxational kinetics after the cesium deposition. After the oxygen exposure on the GaAs(Cs,O) surface, a photoemission relaxational increase is observed due to changes in the affinity. The temperature dependences of the amplitude and decay time of the relaxational kinetics on the Cs/GaAs and GaAs(Cs,O) surfaces were obtained.
The interaction of terephthalonitrile ( 1 ) dianion ( 1 2 – ) with benzonitrile ( 2 ) or m ‐tolunitrile ( 3 ) provides 4,4'‐dicyanobiphenyl ( 4 ) or 4,4'‐dicyano‐2‐methylbiphenyl ( 5 ), respectively. This result shows that dianion 1 2 – serves as a reagent for p‐ cyanophenylation of aromatic nitriles.

Based on experimental data, such as the chemical trapping of the 4,4'‐dicyanobiphenyl precursor 4‐cyano‐1‐( p ‐cyanophenyl)cyclohexa‐2,5‐dienyl anion ( 7 ) and the failure to obtain biphenyl 4 through the interaction of independently generated radical anions (RAs) 1 · – and 2 · – , as well as on the results of quantum‐chemical calculations, a mechanism is suggested that includes a charge‐transfer complex (CTC) between 1 2 – and the aromatic nitrile as the key intermediate. The formation of this CTC is followed either by an intracomplex electron transfer (ET) and recombination of terephthalonitrile and aromatic nitrile RAs within an unequilibrated RA pair, or by synchronous ET and bonding of the ipso‐ carbon atom of terephthalonitrile with the p‐ carbon atom of the aromatic nitrile.

The synthetic significance of p‐ cyanophenylation of arenecarbonitriles by dianion 1 2 – is illustrated by the high yield of biphenyl product 4 (approx. 90 %) as well as by the possibility of a one‐pot synthesis of 4‐butyl‐4'‐cyanobiphenyl and 4‐butyl‐4'‐cyano‐2‐methylbiphenyl by successive treatment of dianion 1 2 – with nitrile 2 or 3 and butyl bromide.
We propose a modification of the conventional perturbation-based approach of fiber nonlinearity compensation that enables straight-forward implementation at the receiver and meets feasible complexity requirements. We have developed a model based on perturbation analysis of an inverse Manakov problem, where we use the received signal as the initial condition and solve Manakov equations in the reversed direction, effectively implementing a perturbative digital backward propagation enhanced by machine learning techniques. To determine model coefficients we employ machine learning methods using a training set of transmitted symbols. The proposed approach allowed us to achieve 0.5 dB and 0.2 dB Q 2 -factor improvement for 2000 km transmission of 11 × 256 Gbit/s DP-16QAM signal compared to chromatic dispersion equalization and one step per span two samples per symbol digital back-propagation technique, respectively. We quantify the trade-off between performance and complexity.
Исследуется плоский сильный разрыв в полимерной жидкости в рамках реологической модели Виноградова-Покровского.

Приводятся соотношения на сильном разрыве. Обосновано существование разрывных стационарных решений задачи без поворота вектора скорости на разрыве и с поворотом (вращательный разрыв).

Приведены примеры численных стационарных решений.
In a thermonuclear reactor plasma interacts with the divertor walls in the form of periodic heat pulses as well as constant heat load. As a result, residual plastic deformations and mechanical stresses can occur, which cause destruction of the divertor material. However, these residual deformations and stresses can be relieved under the influence of constant flux of plasma and the consequential high temperature of the material. The goal of this work was the study of residual stresses dynamics in a heated material. Residual deformations and stresses were measured using X-ray diffractometry. The measurements were conducted on tungsten samples that were irradiated with an electron beam on the BETA facility with the purpose of simulating plasma heat loads. Synchrotron radiation scattering station "Anomalous scattering" on the beam line 2 of VEPP-3 was used to measure diffractograms from which scattering angle – sample tilt angle dependencies were obtained. The experimental data was used for calculation of deformation and stress tensor components. To compare heat load and residual stress profiles the measurements were conducted with spatial resolution. Synchrotron radiation scattering station "Diffraction movie" was used for measuring the dynamics of residual stresses during heating. As a result of these experiments scattering angle – temperature dependencies were obtained. Residual stresses relaxation was measured, the result has met our expectations.
Using a data sample of $980\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ annihilation data taken with the Belle detector operating at the KEKB asymmetric-energy ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collider

we report the results of a study of the decays of the ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}_{c}^{0}$ charmed baryon into hadronic final states. We report the most precise measurements to date of the relative branching fractions of the ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}_{c}^{0}$ into ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$, ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$, ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Xi}}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$, and ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Xi}}}^{0}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$, as well as the first measurements of the branching fractions of the ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}_{c}^{0}$ into ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Xi}}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\overline{K}}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$, ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Xi}}}^{0}{\overline{K}}^{0}$, and $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}{\overline{K}}^{0}{\overline{K}}^{0}$, all with respect to the ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ decay. In addition, we investigate the resonant substructure of these modes

Finally, we present a limit on the branching fraction for the decay ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}_{c}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}}^{+}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$
A search for new charged massive gauge bosons, W′, is performed with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Data were collected in proton–proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of s=13 TeV and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb−1. This analysis searches for W′ bosons in the W′→tb¯ decay channel in final states with an electron or muon plus jets. The search covers resonance masses between 0.5 and 5.0 TeV and considers right-handed W′ bosons. No significant deviation from the Standard Model (SM) expectation is observed and upper limits are set on the W′→tb¯ cross section times branching ratio and the W′ boson effective couplings as a function of the W′ boson mass. For right-handed W′ bosons with coupling to the SM particles equal to the SM weak coupling constant, masses below 3.15 TeV are excluded at the 95% confidence level. This search is also combined with a previously published ATLAS result for W′→tb¯ in the fully hadronic final state. Using the combined searches, right-handed W′ bosons with masses below 3.25 TeV are excluded at the 95% confidence level.
The article is devoted to the review and analysis of varietal resources of soft spring wheat cultivated in the conditions of Western Siberia. For 2020, 261 varieties of this crop are included into the State Register of the Russian Federation, including 97 varieties (36.8 %) created by breeders of 15 institutions in the West Siberian region. In the Omsk region, depending on the climatic zone, the largest areas are occupied by the following varieties: mid-early – Omskaya 36 (242.16 thousand hectares), Pamyati Azieva (59.94 thousand hectares), Boevchanka (48.27 thousand hectares), Novosibirskaya 31 (36.3 thousand hectares); mid-season – Omskaya 38 (82.91 thousand hectares), OmGAU 90 (52.84 thousand hectares), Sigma (49.99 thousand hectares), Altaiskaya zhnitsa (35.2 thousand hectares); mid-late – Uralosibirskaya (145.72 thousand hectares), Melodiya (59.53 thousand hectares), Omskaya 28 (57.41 thousand hectares), Pavlogradka (67.31 thousand hectares), Element 22 (65.87 thousand hectares), Omskaya 35 (41.7 thousand ha). The joint creation of varieties with scientists from the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences made it possible to use, along with collection samples and selection varieties, alloplasmatic introgressive lines of soft wheat carrying the cytoplasm of the cultivated barley Hordeumvulgare L. As the result, there have been developed Sigma, Uralosibirskaya 2, Ishimskaya 11 and Sakmara varieties with a high level of resistance to stem and leaf rust and a medium level to powdery mildew. Due to the massive increase of the leaf and stem rust, varieties with a high level of resistance to these pathogens have been created and recommended for cultivation – Omskaya 38, Sigma, Uralosibirskaya, Uralosibirskaya 2 and Element 22. In the main grain-growing soil-climatic territories of the Omsk region, 15 droughts have been recorded over the past 45 years. Thus, a method for in vitro testing of drought resistance has been developed. Varieties with increased drought resistance and high level of stem rust resistance (Omskaya 37, Omskaya 38, Uralosibirskaya and Omskaya 42) in drought-specific and epiphytotic 2020 exceeded the standard varieties by 0.90-1.74 t / ha in yield. Of special interest among new varieties are Omskaya 42, Uralosibirskaya 2, OmGAU 100, Stolypinskaya 2, Lider 80 and Omskaya 44. It is concluded that close cooperation with Institutes of the Russian Academy of Sciences and other scientific institutions is necessary in order to create varieties that combine increased productivity with resistance to unfavorable biotic and abiotic environmental factors.
The effect of weak axisymmetric magnetic and/or electrostatic perturbations on the equilibrium of a non-neutral plasma in a Malmberg-Penning trap is analyzed. A semi-analytic solution for the potential variations inside the trap is found in a paraxial limit of the perturbations for the case of global thermal equilibrium. The fraction of magnetically and electrostatically trapped particles is calculated for a bi-Maxwellian distribution function.
Automatic brain tumor segmentation from CT or MRI scans is one of the crucial problems among other directions and domains where daily clinical workflow requires to put a lot of efforts while studying patients with various pathologies.In this paper, we report the results of the research project "Brain Tumor Segmentation" organized in conjunction with the Federal Neurosurgical Center.Several state-of-the-art tumor segmentation algorithms were applied to a set of 100 MRI scans of meningioma, neurinoma and glioma patients -manually annotated by up to three raters -and to 100 comparable scans obtained using the automated tumor multi-region segmentation.Quantitative evaluations revealed a considerable agreement between the human raters in segmenting various tumor subregions (Dice scores in the range 85-90%).We found that different algorithms worked best for different sub-regions, but no single algorithm ranked in the top for all subregions simultaneously.
A comprehensive and efficient environment and data monitoring system is a vital part of any HEP experiment.

In this paper we describe the software web-based framework which is currently used by the CMD-3 Collaboration at the VEPP-2000 Collider and partially by the Muon g-2 experiment at Fermilab to monitor the status of data acquisition and the quality of data taken by the experiments. The system is designed to meet typical requirements and cover various use-cases of DAQ applications, starting from the central configuration, slow control data monitoring, data quality monitoring, user-oriented visualization, control of the hardware and DAQ processes, etc. Being an intermediate middleware between the front-end electronics and the DAQ applications the system is focused to provide a high-level coherent view for shifters and experts for robust operations. In particular, it is used to integrate various experiment dependent monitoring modules and tools into a unified Web oriented portal with appropriate access control policy.

The paper describes the design and overall architecture of the system, recent developments and the most important aspects of the framework implementation.
The most effective method of treating allergic diseases, aimed not at relieving symptoms, but at eliminating the cause of the disease, is allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT). To reduce the risk of side effects and improve the delivery of allergens to the mucosa, various delivery systems, such as liposomes, dendrimers, nanoparticles, etc., can be used.

To date, there are data on the creation of delivery systems based on glycyrrhizic acid (GA) and its derivatives, but such a delivery system has not been used for allergen-specific therapy until now.

At the same time, it is known that GA has an anti-inflammatory effect, shifts the balance towards Th1, and increases the number of Treg cells, which means that in the future it can enhance the anti-allergic effect of AIT and reduce the risk of unwanted side effects. Thus, the study of the immunomodulatory effect of supramolecular complexes (micelles) of GA with extracts of allergens seems to be very promising for the development of new drugs for AIT.
An approach for numerical simulation of 3D hydraulic turbine flows in transient operating regimes is presented.

The method is based on a coupled solution of incompressible RANS equations, runner rotation equation, and water hammer equations. The issue of setting appropriate boundary conditions is considered in detail.

As an illustration, the simulation results for runaway process are presented. The evolution of vortex structure and its effect on computed runaway traces are analyzed.
The thermal roughening of epitaxial GaAs film surface is studied under anneals at temperatures 700-775 °C in the presence of a saturated Ga-As melt. Surface roughening consists in the formation of spiral "inverted pyramids" on the initially flat surface due to the step-flow sublimation induced by screw dislocations. The observed roughening indicates that, despite the presence of As and Ga vapors provided by the melt, the annealing conditions are shifted from equilibrium towards sublimation.
The paper presents results of the cold spraying of aluminum bronze coatings on substrates profiled with WC/Ni tracks obtained by laser cladding. Reinforcing cermet frames shaped as grids with varied mesh sizes were clad on stainless steel substrates using a CO2 laser machine "Siberia" (ITAM SB RAS, Russia). As a result, surfaces/substrates with heterogeneous shape, composition, and mechanical properties were obtained. Aluminum bronze coatings were deposited from 5lF-NS powder (Oerlikon Metco, Switzerland) on those substrates using cold spraying equipment (ITAM SB RAS). Data of profiling, microstructure diagnostics, EDS analysis, and mechanical tests of obtained composites is reported. Surface relief of the sprayed coatings dependence on substrate structure has been demonstrated.
Current view on a relationship between particle pollution, morbidity and mortality of lung carcinoma were discussed in the article. Published epidemiological, clinical and laboratory studies suggest particle pollution, especially metal containing particulate matter (PM), to be a risk factor for lung carcinoma occurrence. PM-associated injury of epithelial cell genome and epigenetic lesions are an important part of pathogenesis of lung carcinoma. Systemic research findings and formalized reports could improve our knowledge on lung cancer pathogenesis and could be used in clinical practice for risk assessment, early detection and prognosis of lung cancer and improvement in treatment efficacy.
The present paper presents the results of micro-PTV technique application to velocity fields measurements in plug flow of immiscible liquids in T-shaped straight and curved microchannels.

The data processing algorithms are described; the procedure for velocity circulation assessment was proposed and applied to measure velocity circulation in aqueous plugs at different flow rates.

The comparison with micro-PIV technique application results is performed.
Precise editing of the genes of plant organisms with complex genomes has long been a difficult task. The CRISPR/Cas technology developed in the last decade has become one of the preferred tools for site-directed mutagenesis of plant genes and has quickly replaced the ZFN and TALEN systems. However, while the CRISPR/Cas system has proven to be an effective tool for modifying the genome of diploid species, its application to organisms such as cereals with complex and, in the case of common wheat, polyploid genomes is complicated by a number of obstacles. This review summarizes the main results obtained using the CRISPR/Cas system in such economically valuable cereals as common wheat Triticum aestivum L., barley Hordeum vulgare L., and maize Zea mays L., the genome structure of which increases the probability of the emergence of non-target mutations and reduces the specificity of editing. Every year the number of methodological publications on the directed mutagenesis of these crops, aimed at optimizing and improving the performance of the CRISPR/Cas system, increases exponentially, and the editing efficiency reaches 100% for maize and barley. The experimental articles are mainly aimed at improving the economically important traits of plants, such as improved yields, nutritional value and resistance to diseases and herbicides. Plant improvement is also associated with editing genes that affect pollination control, which is used in hybrid breeding. This creates the prerequisites for the creation of new maize, barley and wheat varieties, and for the saturation of existing ones with the necessary properties.
Experimental analysis of deformation of steel 09G2S under creep conditions has been carried out to determine the optimal modes of high temperature forming of steel shells. The efficient temperature range in terms of saving of the plasticity resource was defined. The material parameters including scalar damage parameters have been determined by taking into account the description of the deformation of a material under non-stationary loading conditions. A satisfactory description of the unsteady creep processes of the material 09G2S in the temperature range from 700 to 800°C has been received.
The development of the human brain is a complex multi-stage process including the formation of various types of neural cells and their interactions. Many fundamental mechanisms of neurogenesis have been established due to the studying of model animals. However, significant differences in the brain structure compared to other animals do not allow considering all aspects of the human brain formation, which could play the main role in the development of unique cognitive abilities for human.

Four years ago, Lancaster’s group elaborated human pluripotent stem cell-derived three-dimensional cerebral organoid technology, which opened a unique opportunity for researchers to model early stages of human neurogenesis in vitro. Cerebral organoids closely remodel many endogenous brain regions with specific cell composition like ventricular zone with radial glia, choroid plexus, and cortical plate with upper and deeper-layer neurons. Moreover, human brain development includes interactions between different brain regions. Generation of hybrid three-dimensional cerebral organoids with different brain region identity allows remodeling some of them, including long-distance neuronal migration or formation of major axonal tracts.

In this review, we consider the technology of obtaining human pluripotent stem cell-derived three-dimensional cerebral organoids with different modifications and with different brain region identity. In addition, we discuss successful implementation of this technology in fundamental and applied research like modeling of different neurodevelopmental disorders and drug screening. Finally, we regard existing problems and prospects for development of human pluripotent stem cell-derived three-dimensional cerebral organoid technology.
We measure the production cross sections for e+e- -> Upsilon(1S)pi+pi-, Upsilon(2S)pi+pi-, and Upsilon(3S)pi+pi- as a function of sqrt{s} between 10.83 GeV and 11.02 GeV. The data consists of 8.1 fb^-1 collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB e+e- collider. We observe enhanced production in all three final states that does not agree well with the conventional Upsilon(10860) lineshape. A fit using a Breit-Wigner resonance shape yields a peak mass of [10888.4 +2.7/-2.6 (stat) +- 1.2 (syst)] MeV/c^2 and a width of [30.7 +8.3/-7.0 (stat) +- 3.1 (syst)] MeV/c^2.