Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Exclusive measurements of the quasifree pp→ppπ+π− reaction have been carried out at WASA@COSY by means of pd collisions at Tp=1.2 GeV. Total and differential cross sections have been extracted covering the energy region Tp=1.08–1.36 GeV, which is the region of N∗(1440) and Δ(1232)Δ(1232) resonance excitations.

Calculations describing these excitations by t-channel meson exchange are at variance with the measured differential cross sections and underpredict substantially the experimental total cross section.

An isotensor ΔN dibaryon resonance with I(JP)=2(1+) produced associatedly with a pion is able to overcome these deficiencies.
In this paper, we experimentally demonstrated excitation of terahertz vortex surface plasmon polaritons by end-fire coupling of radially-polarized annular beams with orbital angular momentum (the wavelength was 141 µ m, and the topological charges were ±3 and ±9) to a 70 mm long, simply connected axis-symmetric transmission line and their propagation to the end of the line and diffraction into a free wave possessing the same topological charge as the input beam. The diameter of the line exceeded greatly the radiation wavelength, and, in contrast to experiments with nanowires, no azimuthal electromagnetic modes existed. We observed that 18 plasmons, locally excited on the input face perimeter by a wave with topological charge of ±9, traveled rotating over the tapering cylindrical line and transformed into 18 lobes of the decoupled free wave. The evidence of the possibility of the transformation of a vortex beam into vortex plasmons and back into vortex beam with the conservation of the topological charge opens a way for the development of plasmonic communication lines with coding and decoding of information at the free-wave stage. Application of this technique to complex beams consisting of a combination of different vortex modes can be a technological base for the development of multiplex plasmonic communication lines in the terahertz range. Since wave characteristics are easier to record than plasmon characteristics, sorting of free waves by the topological charges can be used for demultiplexing combined plasmons in multiplex systems.
This paper presents a search for decays of the Higgs boson with a mass of 125 GeV into a pair of new pseudoscalar particles, $H\rightarrow aa$, where one $a$-boson decays into a $b$-quark pair and the other into a muon pair. The search uses 139 fb$^{-1}$ of proton-proton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV recorded between 2015 and 2018 by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC. A narrow dimuon resonance is searched for in the invariant mass spectrum between 16 GeV and 62 GeV. The largest excess of events above the Standard Model backgrounds is observed at a dimuon invariant mass of 52 GeV and corresponds to a local (global) significance of $3.3 \sigma$ ($1.7 \sigma$). Upper limits at 95% confidence level are placed on the branching ratio of the Higgs boson to the $bb\mu\mu$ final state, $\mathcal{B}(H\rightarrow aa\rightarrow bb\mu\mu)$, and are in the range $\text{(0.2-4.0)} \times 10^{-4}$, depending on the signal mass hypothesis.
The Data acquisition system consists of the signal recorder operating in a real-time mode, the synchronization system providing in-phase operation of multiple channels of the recording system and the communication modules interfacing with an operator PC via the Ethernet 10/100 channel.Recorder based on the ADC with the sampling frequency of 500 MHz and the amplitude resolution of 12 bits.Due to that the digital unit of the recorder is built on a PLD (Programmable Logic Device), the data acquisition system software includes the ability to modify data processing algorithms for the specific diagnostics (interferometry, laser scattering, spectroscopy, refractometry and others) in a real-time mode.The synchronization system consists of two main modules: the timer and the synchronization unit.The accuracy of binding the output data to the trigger pulse is determined by the sampling frequency of data acquisition system recorders.
Usually, photons are described by plane waves with a definite 4-momentum. In addition to plane-wave photons, "twisted photons" have recently entered the field of modern laser optics; these are coherent superpositions of plane waves with a defined projection hm of the orbital angular momentum onto the propagation axis, where m is an integer. In this Letter, we show that it is possible to produce high-energy twisted photons by Compton backscattering of twisted laser photons off ultrarelativistic electrons. Such photons may be of interest for experiments related to the excitation and disintegration of atoms and nuclei, and for studying the photoeffect and pair production off nuclei in previously unexplored experimental regimes.
In the present contribution the Encounter Theory (ET) (the prototype of the classical Collision Theory in rarefied gases) concepts for widely occurring diffusion assisted irreversible bulk reactions A + A ${\rightarrow}$ C and A + B ${\rightarrow}$ C in liquid solutions examined by the authors in the literature are analyzed and compared with each other for these different types of reactions. It is shown that for a particular case of equal initial concentrations $[A]_0=[B]_0$ in the reaction A + B ${\rightarrow}$ C, when the kinetics of both reactions A + A ${\rightarrow}$ C and A + B ${\rightarrow}$ C in the framework of formal chemical kinetics and ET are the same, the accumulation of macroscopic correlations breaking the concepts of independent encounters and leading to the Generalized Encounter Theory (GET) are drastically different. The influence of the force interaction and the decay of nonstable reactants on the time behavior the macroscopic correlations is also briefly discussed.
Seeded Self-modulation (SSM) has been demonstrated to transform a long proton bunch into many equidistant micro-bunches (e.g., the AWAKE case), which then resonantly excite strong wakefields. However, the wakefields in a uniform plasma suffer from a quick amplitude drop after reaching the peak. This is caused by a significant decrease of the wake phase velocity during self-modulation. A large number of protons slip out of focusing and decelerating regions and get lost, and thus cannot contribute to the wakefield growth. Previously suggested solutions incorporate a sharp or a linear plasma longitudinal density increase which can compensate the backward phase shift and therefore enhance the wakefields.

In this paper, we propose a new plasma density profile, which can further boost the wakefield amplitude by 30%.

More importantly, almost 24% of protons initially located along one plasma period survive in a micro-bunch after modulation. The underlying physics is discussed.
Se propone a continuación una revisión estratigráfica del Criogénico terminal, el Ediacárico y el Cámbrico temprano en la Platafora Siberiana. Todas las unidades estratigráficas neoproterozoicas tardías llenan la cuenca remanente de Sayan.

El registro sedimentario se adscribe al grupo Criogénico terminal y Ediacárico de Oselok y a la formación inferior cámbrica Ust’-Tagul.

Se pueden subdividir en miembros a partir de su característico contenido en Dickinsonia.
The distribution patterns of the X0/XX and neo-XY/neo-XX chromosome races, subraces, and "hybrids" between subraces of the grasshopper P. sapporensis were analyzed.The origin of the observed variation is Robertsonian translocations between a sex chromosome and an autosome, and chromosome rearrangements.The fixation levels of inversions varied depending on geographic regions.No hybrid population is known implying that a strong reproductive isolation system exists in hybrids between the different chromosomal races.The probable reasons for the purity of X0 and neo-XY chromosome races and high chromosome polymorphism in contact zones between chromosomal subraces are discussed.The presence of isolating barriers between chromosome races indicates a review of the taxonomic structure of P. sapporensis is required.It is proposed to divide P. sapporensis into two sibling species, which differ in the chromosome mechanisms of the sex determination system.The analysis of the distribution of chromosomal races and subraces of P. sapporensis allows a reconstruction of the history of this species in the Okhotsk sea region.
S2 cells are one of the most widely used Drosophila melanogaster cell lines for molecular dissection of mitosis using RNA interference (RNAi). However, a detailed and complete description of S2 cell mitosis at the ultrastructural level is still missing. Here, we analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) a random sample of 144 cells undergoing mitosis, focusing on intracellular membrane and microtubule (MT) behavior. This unbiased approach allowed us to discover that S2 cells exhibit a characteristic behavior of intracellular membranes, involving the formation of a quadruple nuclear membrane in early prometaphase and its disassembly during late prometaphase. After nuclear envelope disassembly, the mitotic apparatus becomes encased by a discontinuous network of ER membranes that associate with mitochondria preventing their diffusion into the spindle area. We also observed a peculiar metaphase spindle organization. We found that kinetochores with attached k-fibers are almost invariably associated with lateral MT bundles that can be either interpolar bundles or k-fibers connected to a different kinetochore. This spindle organization is likely to favor chromosome alignment at metaphase and subsequent segregation during anaphase. In summary, we describe several previously unknown features of membrane and microtubule organization during S2 cell mitosis. The genetic determinants of these mitotic features of can now be investigated using an RNAi-based approach, which is particularly easy and efficient in S2 cells
In this work, a terahertz sensor based on a cross dipole frequency selective surface is analyzed and experimentally tested. The sensing structure is optimized for operation at the fundamental band-stop resonance near 0.7 THz and characterized under normal and oblique incidence. The sensing performance as a function of the incidence angle and the wave polarization is evaluated with good agreement between simulations and measurements. It is shown that a figure of merit for the proposed sensor can be enhanced from 0.2 up to 0.6 due to switching from normal to oblique excitation, which yields the maximum performance for TM polarization at the incidence angle of 70°. The presented results demonstrate a wide angle operation regime in THz sensing that opens up an alternative approach in improving capabilities of sensing devices.
The composition of clinopyroxenes is indicative for chemical and physical properties of mantle substrates.

In this study, we present the results of Raman spectroscopy examination of clinopyroxene inclusions in natural diamonds (n = 51) and clinopyroxenes from mantle xenoliths of peridotites and eclogites from kimberlites (n = 28). The chemical composition of studied clinopyroxenes shows wide variations indicating their origin in different mantle lithologies. All clinopyroxenes have intense Raman modes corresponding to metal-oxygen translation (~300–500 cm−1), stretching vibrations of bridging O-Si-Obr (ν11~670 cm−1), and nonbridging atoms O-Si-Onbr (ν16~1000 cm−1).

The peak position of the stretching vibration mode (ν11) for the studied clinopyroxenes varies in a wide range (23 cm−1) and generally correlates with their chemical composition and reflects the diopside-jadeite heterovalent isomorphism. These correlations may be used for rough estimation of these compounds using the non-destructive Raman spectroscopy technique.
Massive open online courses (MOOCs) have attracted a great deal of interest in recent years as a new learning technology. Since MOOCs inception, only limited research has been carried out to address how learners perceive success in MOOCs after course completion.

The aim of this study was to investigate the perceived benefits as the measurement of learning success. Narrative interviews were conducted with 30 Russian-speaking learners who completed at least one MOOC in full. By employing text analysis of interview transcripts, we revealed the authentic voices of participants and gained deeper understanding of learners' perceived benefits based on retrospective reflection.

The findings of the study indicate that after finishing MOOCs, learners have received tangible and intangible benefits that in general justified their expectations. University-affiliated students, as well as working professionals, recognized the complementarity of MOOCs, but their assessments were limited to educational tracks. We discovered that taking MOOCs often coincided with the time when an individual was planning to change career, education, or life tracks. The results of the study and their implications are further discussed, together with practical suggestions for MOOC providers.
The conversion of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) into derivatives with a well‐defined shape and composition is considered a reliable way to produce efficient catalysts and energy capacitors at the nanometer scale. Yet, approaches based on conventional melting of MOFs provide the derivatives such as amorphous carbon, metal oxides, or metallic nanoclusters with an appropriate morphology.

Here ultrafast melting of MOFs is utilized by femtosecond laser pulses to produce a new generation of derivatives with complex morphology and enhanced nonlinear optical response. It is revealed that such a nonequilibrium process allows conversion of interpenetrated 3D MOFs comprising flexible ligands into well‐organized spheres with a metal oxide dendrite core and amorphous organic shell. The ability to produce such derivatives with a complex morphology is directly dependent on the electronic structure, crystal density, ligand flexibility, and morphology of initial MOFs.

An enhanced second harmonic generation and three‐photon luminescence are also demonstrated due to the resonant interaction of 100–1000 nm spherical derivatives with light. The results obtained are in the favor of new approaches for melting special types of MOFs for nonlinear nanophotonics.
The article presents results of studying the elemental composition and manufacturing technology of turquoise jewelry found in barrow 1 of the Ak-Dag I burial ground of the early Scythian time.

Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used to determine the elemental composition of the mineral. A traceological study of the artifacts considered was based on the proven methodology of experimental-traceological analysis. As a result of experimental and technological research, we conclude that the process of manufacturing occurred in three stages. Initially, the formation of the main planes of the workpieces and grinding of the ends took place. At the second stage the artifacts were drilled, the starting points of drilling were located at the narrow ends of the items. The traces of work that are visible on the artifacts indicate the use of easel, high-speed drilling. At the third stage the artifacts were processed with a fine-grained abrasive, as a result of which the final products were given a smoothed shape.

In general, the production technology of the artifacts considered can be described as relatively perfect. There were closest analogues of the products from the Ak-Dag I site found in the same region. A similar method of inclined drilling was also used by the Scythians of Altai on their stone products.
Quantization is one of the most popular and widely used methods of speeding up a neural network. At the moment, the standard is 8-bit uniform quantization. Nevertheless, the use of uniform low-bit quantization (4- and 6-bit quantization) has significant advantages in speed and resource requirements for inference.

We present our quantization algorithm that offers advantages when using uniform low-bit quantization. It is faster than quantization-aware training from scratch and more accurate than methods aimed only at selecting thresholds and reducing noise from quantization.

We also investigated quantization noise in neural networks for low-bit quantization and concluded that quantization noise is not always a good metric for quantization quality.
Chemotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ) is an essential part of anticancer therapy of various malignant tumours; however, its long-term effects on patients’ health and life quality need to be further investigated.

Here, we studied the effects of TMZ and/or companion drug dexamethasone (DXM) on the locomotor activity and cartilage structure of elderly Wistar rats (n = 40).

Taken together, the results demonstrate that long-term treatment with TMZ results in a significant decrease in locomotor activity of elderly Wistar rats and the reorganisation of their knee joint cartilage structure, while DXM treatment attenuates those effects. So, use of DXM or chondroprotective drugs might be beneficial to maintain quality of life for TMZ-treated cancer patients.
Eggshell waste is among the most abundant waste materials coming from food processing technologies. Despite the unique properties that both its components (eggshell, ES, and eggshell membrane, ESM) possess, it is very often discarded without further use.

This review article aims to summarize the recent reports utilizing eggshell waste for very diverse purposes, stressing the need to use a mechanochemical approach to broaden its applications. The mechanochemical treatment of eggshell is capable of producing the nanoscale material which can be further used for bioceramics synthesis, dehalogenation processes, wastewater treatment, preparation of hydrophobic filters, lithium-ion batteries, dental materials, and in the building industry as cement.

The most studied field with regards to the potential use of eggshell waste is catalysis. Upon proper treatment, it can be used for turning waste oils into biodiesel and moreover, the catalytic effect of eggshell-based material in organic synthesis is also very beneficial. In inorganic chemistry, the eggshell membrane is very often used as a templating agent for nanoparticles production. Such composites are suitable for application in photocatalysis. These bionanocomposites are also capable of heavy metal ions reduction and can be also used for the ozonation process. The eggshell and its membrane are applicable in electrochemistry as well. Due to the high protein content and the presence of functional groups on the surface, ESM can be easily converted to a high-performance electrode material. Finally, both ES and ESM are suitable for medical applications, as the former can be used as an inexpensive Ca 2+ source for the development of medications, particles for drug delivery, organic matrix/mineral nanocomposites as potential tissue scaffolds, food supplements and the latter for the treatment of joint diseases, in reparative medicine and vascular graft producing.
We report a study of the decay D^{0}→K_{S}^{0}K_{S}^{0} using 921 fb^{-1} of data collected at or near the ϒ(4S) and ϒ(5S) resonances with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric energy e^{+}e^{-} collider. The measured time-integrated CP asymmetry is A_{CP}(D^{0}→K_{S}^{0}K_{S}^{0})=(-0.02±1.53±0.02±0.17)%, and the branching fraction is B(D^{0}→K_{S}^{0}K_{S}^{0})=(1.321±0.023±0.036±0.044)×10^{-4}, where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second is systematic, and the third is due to the normalization mode (D^{0}→K_{S}^{0}π^{0}). These results are significantly more precise than previous measurements available for this mode. The A_{CP} measurement is consistent with the standard model expectation.
There is a new effect that can limit the lifetime of a weakly nonlinear wakefield in a radially bounded plasma. If the drive beam is narrow, some of the plasma electrons fall out of the collective motion and leave the plasma radially, forming a negatively charged halo around it. These electrons repeatedly return to the plasma under the action of the charge separation field, interact with the plasma wave and cause its damping. The lowest-energy halo electrons take the energy from the wave more efficiently, because their trajectories are bent by the plasma wave towards the regions of the strongest acceleration. For correct accounting of the wave damping in simulations, it is necessary and sufficient to take the simulation window twice as wide as the plasma.
We study the relation between Poisson algebras and representations of Lie conformal algebras. We establish a setting for the calculation of a Gr\"obner--Shirshov basis in a module over an associative conformal algebra and apply this technique to Poisson algebras considered as conformal modules over appropriate associative envelopes of current Lie conformal algebras. As a result, we obtain a setting for the calculation of a Gr\"obner--Shirshov basis in a Poisson algebra.
Waterbody methane emissions per area are negatively correlated with the size of the emitting waterbody. Thus, ponds, defined here as having an area smaller than 8 · 10 4 m 2 , contribute out of proportion to the aquatic methane budget compared to the total area they cover and compared to other waterbodies. However, methane concentrations in and methane emissions from ponds show more spatial variability than larger waterbodies. We need to better understand this variability to improve upscaling estimates of freshwater methane emissions. In this regard, the Arctic permafrost landscape is an important region, which, besides carbon-rich soils, features a high pond density and is exposed to above-average climatic warming.

We studied 41 polygonal-tundra ponds in the Lena River Delta, northeast Siberia. We collected water samples at different locations and depths in each pond and determined methane concentrations using gas chromatography. Additionally, we collected information on the key properties of the ponds to identify drivers of surface water methane concentrations.

The ponds can be categorized into three geomorphological types with distinct differences in drivers of methane concentrations: polygonal-center ponds, ice-wedge ponds and larger merged polygonal ponds. All ponds are supersaturated in methane, but ice-wedge ponds exhibit the highest surface water concentrations. We find that ice-wedge ponds feature a strong stratification due to consistently low bottom temperatures. This causes surface concentrations to mainly depend on wind speed and on the amount of methane that has accumulated in the hypolimnion. In polygonal-center ponds, high methane surface concentrations are mostly determined by a small water depth. Apart from the influence of water depth on mixing speed, water depth controls the overgrown fraction, the fraction of the pond covered by vascular plants. The plants provide labile substrate to the methane-producing microbes. This link can also be seen in merged polygonal ponds, which furthermore show the strongest dependence on area as well as an anticorrelation to energy input indicating that stratification influences the surface water methane concentrations in larger ponds. Overall, our findings underpin the strong variability of methane concentrations in ponds. No single driver could explain a significant part of the variability over all pond types suggesting that more complex upscaling methods such as process-based modeling are needed.