Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
recently discovered in ionic liquids

We for the first time demonstrate that nanoscale structural anomalies

are more general and ubiquitous phenomena, occurring also in various organic glass-formers with alkyl chains of the proper length
Heparan sulfates (HS) are key components of mammalian cells surface and extracellular matrix. Structure and composition of HS, generated by HS biosynthetic system through non-template driven process, are significantly altered in cancer tissues.

Transcriptional patterns of HS-metabolic enzymes (EXT1, EXT2, NDST1, NDST2, GLCE, 3OST1/HS3ST1, SULF1, SULF2, HPSE) were determined in normal, benign and cancer human prostate tissues and cell lines (PNT2, LNCaP, PC3, DU145). Stability of the HS-metabolic system patterns under the pressure of external or internal stimuli was studied. Ectopic GLCE over-expression resulted in transcriptional activation of HS biosynthetic machinery in both cell lines.

Overall impairment of transcriptional activity of HS metabolic machinery was detected in benign prostate hyperplasia, while both significant decrease in the transcriptional activity and changes in the expression patterns of HS metabolism-involved genes were shown in prostate tumours. Prostate cancer cell lines possessed specific transcriptional patterns of HS metabolism-involved genes; however expression activity of the system was similar to that of normal prostate PNT2 cells. HS metabolic system was able to dynamically react to different external or internal stimuli in cell type-dependent manner. LNCaP cells were sensitive to the external stimuli, whereas PC3 cells almost did not respond to the treatments. These findings demonstrate impairment of HS metabolic system in prostate tumours in vivo but not in prostate cancer cells in vitro, and suggest that as a potential microenvironmental biomarker for prostate cancer diagnostics and treatment.
A novel coupled-line-free wideband bandpass/bandstop filter configuration is designed and tested. The filter is based on a reentrant structure with unequal dielectric constants for the internal and external fillings. The general TEM circuit model, in terms of the two-port series connection, is presented for the proposed filters, and then, it is used to determine its electrical parameters. The experimental prototype was fabricated using conventional printed circuit board technology.

As a result, additional symmetrical transmission zeros are generated in the lower and upper stop bands of the bandpass filter; this leads to an elliptic function response and improvement of the pass band and selectivity. Similar conclusions are made about the bandstop filter in terms of the return loss. The measured S-parameters show acceptable agreement with the analytical and full-wave simulations, showing promising potential for different applications.
Although ageing populations are increasingly residing in cities, it is unknown whether depression inequalities are moderated by urbanicity degree.

Harmonised cross-sectional data on 97 826 adults aged ≥50 years from eight cohorts were used. Prevalence ratios (PRs) were calculated for probable depression, depressed affect and depressive symptom severity by gender, marital status and education within each cohort, and combined using random-effects meta-analysis. Using a subsample of 73 123 adults from six cohorts with available data on population density, we tested moderating effects measured by the number of residents per square kilometre.

The pooled PRs for probable depression by female gender, unmarried or non-cohabitating status and low education were 1.48 (95% CI 1.28 to 1.72), 1.44 (95% CI 1.29 to 1.61) and 1.29 (95% CI 1.18 to 1.41), respectively. PRs for depressed affect and high symptom severity were broadly similar. Except for one Dutch cohort with findings in an unexpected direction, there was no evidence that population density modified depressive symptom inequalities. Despite cross-cohort variation in gender, marital status and educational inequalities in depressive symptoms, there was weak evidence that these inequalities differed by levels of population density.
We report measurements of B→χ(c1)γK and χ(c2)γK decays using 772×10(6) BB[over ¯] events collected at the Υ(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e(+)e(-) collider.

Evidence of a new resonance in the χ(c1)γ final state is found with a statistical significance of 3.8σ. This state has a mass of 3823.1±1.8(stat)±0.7(syst) MeV/c(2), a value that is consistent with theoretical expectations for the previously unseen 1(3)D(2) cc[over ¯] meson.

We find no other narrow resonance and set upper limits on the branching fractions of the X(3872)→χ(c1)γ and χ(c2)γ decays.
One of the essential themes in modern catalysis is that of bridging the gap between its homogeneous and heterogeneous counterparts to combine their individual advantages and overcome shortcomings. One more incentive can now be added to the list, namely the ability of transition metal complexes to provide strong nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signal enhancement upon their use in homogeneous hydrogenations of unsaturated compounds with parahydrogen in solution. The addition of both H atoms of a parahydrogen molecule to the same substrate, a prerequisite for such effects, is implemented naturally with metal complexes that operate via the formation of a dihydride intermediate, but not with most heterogeneous catalysts. Despite that, it has been demonstrated in recent years that various types of heterogeneous catalysts are able to perform the required pairwise H 2 addition at least to some extent. This has opened a major gateway for developing highly sensitive and informative tools for mechanistic studies of heterogeneous hydrogenations and other processes involving H 2 . Besides, production of catalyst-free fluids with NMR signals enhanced by 3-4 orders of magnitude is essential for modern applications of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including biomedical research and practice. The ongoing efforts to design heterogeneous catalysts which can implement the homogeneous (pairwise) hydrogenation mechanism are reported.
Low energy $p\bar{p}$ interaction is considered taking into account the polarization of both particles.

The corresponding cross sections are calculated using the Nijmegen nucleon-antinucleon optical potential. Then they are applied to the analysis of the polarization buildup which is due to the interaction of stored antiprotons with polarized protons of a hydrogen target.

It is shown that, at realistic parameters of a storage ring and a target, the filtering mechanism may provide a noticeable polarization in a time comparable with the beam lifetime.
Six bio-sorbents were used to remove uranium from simulated radioactive solutions UO2(NO3)2. Three types of peats, Polytrichium moss, Eichhórnia crássipes water plant and Cladonia stellaris lichen were used. About 2.7mg of uranium per 1g of sorbent was found in the peat samples after their interaction with UO2(NO3)2 solution (uranium initial concentration was 26mg/L, pH 4.4) during 24hours. Polytrichium moss, Cladonia stellaris lichen and Eichhórnia crássipes water plant were less effective: 2.3, 2.1 and 0.6mg of uranium per g of the sorbent respectively. The sorption on the peats is described by Freundlich isotherm. Numerous spherical compounds containing uranium 10 nanometers in diameter were found in the newly formed biotic sediments on the Polytrichium moss after the experiment.
At the detonation of condensed explosives, on the profile of electric conductivity is observed the area of high values, which is usually associated with the chemical reaction zone.

The new interpretation of experimental data on the electrical conductivity allows one to diagnose the influence of the grain size on the charge structure and the reaction zone in the whole range of densities investigated. The reliability of the proposed hypotheses are investigated by the methods of statistical analysis. The level of confidence shows the consistency.

The results of this paper are useful for the explosion physics, for the industrial production of nanodiamonds, for the miniaturization of explosive devices.
The Klyuchevskoy Volcanic Group is a cluster of the world's most active subduction volcanoes, situated on the Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia. The volcanoes lie in an unusual off‐arc position within the Central Kamchatka Depression (CKD), a large sedimentary basin whose origin is not fully understood. Many gaps also remain in the knowledge of the crustal magmatic plumbing system of these volcanoes. We conducted an ambient noise surface wave tomography, to image the 3‐D shear wave velocity structure of the Klyuchevskoy Volcanic Group and CKD within the surrounding region. Vertical component cross correlations of the continuous seismic noise are used to measure interstation Rayleigh wave group and phase traveltimes. We perform a two‐step surface wave tomography to model the 3‐D Vsv velocity structure. For each inversion stage we use a transdimensional Bayesian Monte Carlo approach, with coupled uncertainty propagation. This ensures that our model provides a reliable 3‐D velocity image of the upper 15 km of the crust, as well as a robust assessment of the uncertainty in the observed structure. Beneath the active volcanoes, we image small slow velocity anomalies at depths of 2–5 km but find no evidence for magma storage regions deeper than 5 km—noting the 15 km depth limit of the model. We also map two clearly defined sedimentary layers within the CKD, revealing an extensive 8 km deep sedimentary accumulation. This volume of sediments is consistent with the possibility that the CKD was formed as an Eocene‐Pliocene fore‐arc regime, rather than by recent (<2 Ma) back‐arc extension.
The article focuses on the study of military metaphors which are relevant to the modern Russian and French political (specifically presidential) discourse. In modern linguistics there are two main approaches to studying metaphors: semantic (where metaphor is regarded as a linguistic phenomenon) and cognitive, where it is interpreted as a certain way of constructing the reality. The methodological basis of our research is the theory of metaphorical modeling, which is a synthesis of structural, semantic and cognitive approaches. This article represents a comparative analysis of military metaphors (which are archetypal for political communication) used in the speeches of four presidents of Russia and France of the early 21st century – D. A. Medvedev, N. Sarkozy, V. V. Putin and F. Hollande, and based on the corpora of texts that are examples of political discourse monologues (inaugural, congratulatory, welcoming speeches, etc.). In this study, military metaphors are nominations in which there are signs of military action in the form of opposition to an «enemy» and the use of weapons. The analysis took into account substantive and verbal structural metaphors realizing the conceptual model «Russian / French reality – the ongoing war»; the study also considered extralinguistic factors that influenced the creation of political texts. Text selection took into consideration the degree of importance and relevance of the domestic and foreign policy issues covered in them. The analysis showed that the frequency of military metaphors usage is not identical not only in the speech of different politicians, but also in the discourse of different societies, and demonstrated individual and national specificity of the military metaphors functioning in the political leaders discourse, which was directly related to the topical “agenda” for a country. Thus, it turned out that the French presidents resort to «militant» (in metaphorical terms) discourse more than the two Russian heads of state; the greatest frequency of military metaphors is demonstrated in F. Hollande’s speeches.
Such a magnetic setup is applicable to superconducting devices where magnetic tapering cannot be arranged mechanically.

A scheme to generate wide-bandwidth radiation using a step-wise tapered undulator with a segmented structure is proposed. The radiation from a segmented undulator is described analytically and derivations with numerical simulations are verified. In addition, a start-to-end simulation of an optical beamline is performed and issues related to the longitudinally distributed radiation source and its image upon focusing on the sample are addressed.

This magnetic field configuration allows to broaden the undulator harmonic spectrum by two orders of magnitude, providing 1 keV bandwidth with spectral flux density exceeding 10 16 photons s −1 mm −2 (0.1% bandwidth) −1 at 5 keV on the sample. The resulting radiation with broadband spectrum and flat-top shape may be exploited at a multipurpose beamline for scanning over the spectrum at time scales of 10–100 ms.
Polytene chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster are a convenient model for studying interphase chromosomes of eukaryotes. They are giant in size in comparison with diploid cell chromosomes and have a pattern of cross stripes resulting from the ordered chromatid arrangement. Each region of polytene chromosomes has a unique banding pattern. Using the model of four chromatin types that reveals domains of varying compaction degrees, we were able to correlate the physical and cytological maps of some polytene chromosome regions and to show the main properties of genetic and molecular organization of bands and interbands, that we describe in this review. On the molecular map of the genome, the interbands correspond to decompacted aquamarine chromatin and 5’ ends of ubiquitously active genes. Gray bands contain lazurite and malachite chromatin, intermediate in the level of compaction, and, mainly, coding parts of genes. Dense black transcriptionally inactive bands are enriched in ruby chromatin. Localization of several dozens of interbands on the genome molecular map allowed us to study in detail their architecture according to the data of whole genome projects. The distribution of proteins and regulatory elements of the genome in the promoter regions of genes localized in the interbands shows that these parts of interbands are probably responsible for the formation of open chromatin that is visualized in polytene chromosomes as interbands. Thus, the permanent genetic activity of interbands and gray bands and the inactivity of genes in black bands are the basis of the universal banding pattern in the chromosomes of all Drosophila tissues. The smallest fourth chromosome of Drosophila with an atypical protein composition of chromatin is a special case. Using the model of four chromatin states and fluorescent in situ hybridization, its cytological map was refined and the genomic coordinates of all bands and interbands were determined. It was shown that, in spite of the peculiarities of this chromosome, its band organization in general corresponds to the rest of the genome. Extremely long genes of different Drosophila chromosomes do not fit the common scheme, since they can occupy a series of alternating bands and interbands (up to nine chromosomal structures) formed by parts of these genes.
In this study, we examined the in vivo toxicity of the liposomes F consisting of 1,26-bis(cholest-5-en-3-yloxycarbonylamino)-7,11,16,20-tetraazahexacosan tetrahydrochloride, lipid-helper 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine and folate lipoconjugate (O-{2-[rac-2,3-di(tetradecyloxy)prop-1-yloxycarbonyl]aminoethyl}-O’-[2-(pteroyl-L-glutam-5-yl)aminoethyl]octadecaethyleneglycol) and investigated the antitumor effect of combined antitumor therapy consisting of MDR1-targeted siMDR/F complexes and conventional polychemotherapy using tumor xenograft initiated in immunodeficient mice. Detailed analysis of acute and chronic toxicity of this liposomal formulation in healthy C57BL/6J mice demonstrated that formulation F and parent formulation L (without folate lipoconjugate) have no acute and chronic toxicity in mice. The study of the biodistribution of siMDR/F lipoplexes in SCID mice with xenograft tumors formed by tumor cells differing in the expression level of folate receptors showed that the accumulation in various types of tumors strongly depends on the abandons of folate receptors in tumor cells and effective accumulation occurs only in tumors formed by cells with the highest FR levels. Investigating the effects of combined therapy including anti-MDR1 siRNA/F complexes and polychemotherapy on a multidrug-resistant KB-8-5 tumor xenograft in SCID mice demonstrated that siMDR/F increases the efficiency of polychemotherapy: the treatment leads to pronounced inhibition of tumor growth, reduced necrosis and inflammation, and stimulates apoptosis in KB-8-5 tumor tissue. At the same time, it does not induce liver toxicity in tumor-bearing mice. These data confirm that folate-containing liposome F mediated the extremely efficient delivery of siRNA in FR-expressing tumors in vivo and ensured the safety and effectiveness of its action.
Numerical simulation of the outflow of a coolant with supercritical initial parameters at a butt-break of high-pressure pipeline is carried out. The results of calculation of the outflow dynamics on a PV-diagram, as well as the pressure evolution are presented. It is shown that the flow rate weakly depends on temperature at its low values (up to 0, 9 Tc). In the second region (from 0, 9 Tc to Tc), the coolant boiling occurs inside the channel, which leads to a sharp drop in the flow rate with increasing temperature. And the third area (above Tc) is typical for the gas coolant outflow, in which the density strongly depends on pressure and temperature.
The paper provides a brief overview of recent computational studies of flow and heat transfer control by rotary oscillations of an infinite circular cylinder at a relatively broad set of imposed frequencies and amplitudes [1, 2]. A study for a previously unreachable high subcritical Reynolds number Re = 1.4 × 105 showed that the efficiency of this control method increases with Re concerning the issue of drag and lift reduction. High-frequency oscillations even lead to around 90 % reduction of the drag. However, the benefits for heat transfer enhancement is not that obvious as the bulk Nusselt number shows only small variations. At the same time its angular distribution around the cylinder becomes much more homogeneous due to oscillations which practically can prevent local overheats.
To study associations of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes (T2D) with ophthalmic diseases in a population sample of men and women from middle to old age (Novosibirsk).

The population cohort was initially studied in 2003-2005 (n=9360, 45-69 years old, Novosibirsk, the Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial factors in Eastern Europe (HAPIEE) project). At the second survey (2015-2017) in a random subsample (n=1011), the following ophthalmic diseases were identified: hypertensive retinopathy (HR), diabetic retinopathy (DR), cataract, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), optic disc abnormalities, etc.

The prevalence of HR signs in persons with and without hypertension (HTN) was 81 and 46%, respectively (p<0,001). This association persisted regardless of other factors (odds ratio, 2,27 (95% confidence interval: 1,78-4,17). The prevalence of AMD, cataract and DR increased in HTN, but associations were largely explained by metabolic factors in multivariate models. People with T2D more often than without T2D had signs of DR (9,3 vs 0,4%, p<0,001), AMD (22 vs 17%, p=0,042) and glaucoma (14 vs 7%, p=0,001). Associations of T2D with DR and glaucoma persisted regardless of other factors. Individuals with carotid atherosclerosis (CA) were 1,6 times more likely to have HR than those without CA when adjusted for sex, age, and smoking (p=0,013). In the surveyed population sample of mainly elderly people, a number of associations between cardiometabolic and common ophthalmic diseases were revealed. The identified comorbidities may have important therapeutic and prophylactic applications in an aging population.
We experimentally demonstrate the spatial self-cleaning of a highly multimode optical beam, in the process of second-harmonic generation in a quadratic nonlinear potassium titanyl phosphate crystal.

As the beam energy grows larger, the output beam from the crystal evolves from a highly speckled intensity pattern into a single, bell-shaped spot, sitting on a low energy background.

We demonstrate that quadratic beam cleanup is accompanied by significant self-focusing of the fundamental beam, for both positive and negative signs of the linear phase mismatch close to the phase-matching condition.
At present, vascular surgery using small diameter synthetic grafts is associated with a higher incidence of complications (thrombosis, restenosis, intimal hyperplasia) than in operations using autologous vessels. However, the occurrence of concomitant pathology, reoperations and multifocal vascular disease limit the use of autologous vein and arteries. The important factor providing a long-term patency is the presence of vascular cells, which produce biologically active substance and provide mechanical properties.

Aim. Selection of the optimal scaffold for creating cell-seeded tissue-engineering vessels. Materials and methods. Endothelial (EC) and smooth muscle cells (SMC) derived from human myocardium were seeded on different surfaces: decellularized homo￾arteriа, хenopericardium, polytetrafl uoroethylene (PTFE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polycaprolactone (PCL) and polylactide-co-glycolide (PLGA).

Results. Synthetic biodegradable materials polycaprolactone and polylactide-co-glycolide provide cell adhesion. The cells cultured on the polycaprolactone and polylactide-co￾glycolide scaffolds retain their functional properties: viability and proliferative properties, maintain specifi c endothelial antigens and synthesis of extracellular matrix. Conclusion. Synthetic biodegradable polycaprolactone and polylactide-co-glycolide electrospun scaffolds can be used for creation of cell-fi lled vascular prostheses.
To search for causal mutations in candidate genes responsible for the development of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in men who died under the age of 45.

The SCD group (n=37) was formed using the criteria the World Health Organization and the European Society of Cardiology. Autopsy material was collected from men who died suddenly outside medical institutions and underwent forensic medical examination according to the standard protocol. Autopsy revealed no morphological changes that could explain sudden death. The mean age was 32,4±6,4 years. Genomic DNA was isolated from myocardial tissue using phenol-chloroform extraction. Clinical exome sequencing was performed. At first, we analyzed the results of sequencing of 24 genes, mutations in which lead to cardiovascular diseases associated with an increased risk of SCD: KCNQ1, KCNH2, SCN5A, AKAP9, ANK2, CACNA1C, CALM1, CALM2, CAV3, KCNE1, KNCJNE2, KCNE2, SCN4B, SNTA1, MYH2, APOB, KCNA5, TGFB3, NEB , PDX1, FLNC, PLEC, KCND3.

Of 37 samples, we revealed 13 probable pathogenic missense mutations in 9 samples (24,3%). Of 13 probable pathogenic variants, 5 were new. This pilot study provides following conclusions: it is necessary to continue molecular autopsy research in Russia; to increase the effectiveness of detecting causal mutations, it is necessary to reduce the age of patients with SCD included in the study; studying the families of deceased; cooperation of experienced specialists — forensic pathologist, laboratory geneticist, cardiologist.
We demonstrated how the nonlinear Fourier transform based on the Zakharov-Shabat spectral problem can be used to characterise coherent structures in dissipative systems.

We consider as a particular, albeit important practical example model equation that is widely used to analyse laser radiation and demonstrate that dissipative solitons can be described by a limited number of degrees of freedom { discrete eigenvalues.

Our approach can be applied for signal processing in a number of optical systems, from lasers to micro-resonators.