Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Morphological remodeling of dendritic spines is critically involved in memory formation and depends on adhesion molecules. Serotonin receptors are also implicated in this remodeling, though the underlying mechanisms remain enigmatic.

Here, we uncovered a signaling pathway involving the adhesion molecule L1CAM (L1) and serotonin receptor 5-HT4 (5-HT4R, encoded by HTR4). Using Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) imaging, we demonstrated a physical interaction between 5-HT4R and L1, and found that 5-HT4R-L1 heterodimerization facilitates mitogen-activated protein kinase activation in a Gs-dependent manner. We also found that 5-HT4R-L1-mediated signaling is involved in G13-dependent modulation of cofilin-1 activity. In hippocampal neurons in vitro, the 5-HT4R-L1 pathway triggers maturation of dendritic spines.

Thus, the 5-HT4R-L1 signaling module represents a previously unknown molecular pathway regulating synaptic remodeling.
We consider the triple Higgs coupling for h(125) Higgs boson within the most general 2HDM.

At moderate values of parameters of model, allowing by modern data, noticeable deviation of this coupling from its SM value is improbable.

This deviation can be sizable only if some measurable parameters of the model are exotic.
A family of stable porous materials incorporating organic linkers and Cu(II) cations is reported.

Their pores can be altered systematically by elongation of the ligands allowing a strategy of selective pore extension along one dimension. The mechanism of rotation of the organic groups in the solid state has been analyzed by NMR spectroscopy and rotational rates and transition temperatures analyzed.

These materials show remarkable gas adsorption properties with high working capacities for CH4 (0.24 g g−1, 163 cm3 cm−3 at 298 K, 5–65 bar) for the most porous system. Significantly, we show that framework dynamics can be controlled by ligand design only, and this paves the way to understanding the role of molecular rotors within these materials.
Despite continuous advancements in systematic treatment of chronic pain there is still a subset of clinical conditions where the standard medical and surgical approaches are not uniformly effective [...].
For pedigree-based quantitative trait loci (QTL) association analysis, a range of methods utilizing within-family variation such as transmission-disequilibrium test (TDT)-based methods have been developed. In scenarios where stratification is not a concern, methods exploiting between-family variation in addition to within-family variation, such as the measured genotype (MG) approach, have greater power. Application of MG methods can be computationally demanding (especially for large pedigrees), making genomewide scans practically infeasible.

Here we suggest a novel approach for genomewide pedigree-based quantitative trait loci (QTL) association analysis: genomewide rapid association using mixed model and regression (GRAMMAR). The method first obtains residuals adjusted for family effects and subsequently analyzes the association between these residuals and genetic polymorphisms using rapid least-squares methods. At the final step, the selected polymorphisms may be followed up with the full measured genotype (MG) analysis.

In a simulation study, we compared type 1 error, power, and operational characteristics of the proposed method with those of MG and TDT-based approaches. For moderately heritable (30%) traits in human pedigrees the power of the GRAMMAR and the MG approaches is similar and is much higher than that of TDT-based approaches. When using tabulated thresholds, the proposed method is less powerful than MG for very high heritabilities and pedigrees including large sibships like those observed in livestock pedigrees. However, there is little or no difference in empirical power of MG and the proposed method. In any scenario, GRAMMAR is much faster than MG and enables rapid analysis of hundreds of thousands of markers.
The objective of this paper was to construct a numerical stochastic model of the spatial field of the average daily wind chill index on an irregular grid defined by the location of the weather stations. It is shown in the paper that the field in question was heterogeneous and non-Gaussian. A stochastic model based on the real data collected at the weather stations located in West Siberia and on the method of the inverse distribution function that sufficiently well reproduce different characteristics of the real field of the average daily wind chill index is proposed in this paper. I also discussed several questions related to the simulation of the field on a regular grid. In the future, my intention is to transform the model proposed to a model of the conditional spatio-temporal field defined on a regular grid that allows one to forecast the wind chill index.
The article deals with the results of a comprehensive study of the geothermal conditions of oil and gas bearing deposits in the western part of Yenisei-Khatanga regional trough.

Four types of vertical geothermal zonality are established, the characteristics of which depend on the geological evolution of different parts of the sedimentary basin.

The minimal geothermal gradients (1,80–2,2 0 C/100 m) are established there in the near edge zones with a small thickness of the sedimentary cover and the development of the infiltration system. The maximum gradients (3,2–3,4 0 С/100 m) are established in the zones of disjunctive tectonics, which had a significant heating effect on the geological section due to the ascending discharge of groundwater from deep-lying aquifers.
The work explores the three-dimensional structure of the near field of a quasi-two-dimensional turbulent jet. The jet stream forms at an outflow from the rectangular channel with aspect ratio B/h equal to 1:2.5 into the channel, formed by two plane-parallel plates. The experiments were carried out for a wide range of Re number from 2 000 to 20 000. The measurements were performed using Tomographic PIV method with high time resolution. It is shown that for the whole investigated range of Re number in the near-field of the quasi-two-dimensional jet, there are formed secondary flows, caused by the presence of longitudinal vortex structures in the flow.
Multiscale processes of self-organization of the flow and nonequilibrium heat and mass transfer during the separation of a binary mixture in a multiphase system formed by a structural packing and a counter-flow vapor-liquid flow are considered.The conditions for the appearance of large-scale convective flow during separation of the binary mixture of refrigerants R21-R114 in a distillation column with Koch 1Y structure packing are obtained.The physical properties of this mixture are similar to the properties of air component at cryogenic temperatures.
The article reviews the history of the founding of Novosibirsk State University in the context of the first years of Akademgorodok in Novosibirsk, the largest scientific center in the eastern part of Russia.

It describes the logic of the formation of a system for training researchers: physic and mathematic School – University – institutes of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

The main characteristics of the principle "education through research" are presented along with the current status of the University and plans for the future.
Aim. The goal of the study was to analyze the differential expression of lipid metabolism-related genes in the atherosclerotic plaques of different types in patients with coronary atherosclerosis.

Material and Methods. The study was performed on the specimens of atherosclerotic plaques in 45–65-year-old patients with coronary atherosclerosis with stable exertional angina functional class II-IV without acute coronary syndrome. Coronary atherosclerosis was verified by coronary angiography. Atherosclerotic plaque tissue was sampled intraoperatively when indicated. Whole-genome sequencing of ribonucleic acid (RNA) was performed using the TruSeq RNA Sample Preparation Kit (Illumina, USA). Results. We analyzed the differences in the expression of 12 genes including LDLR, APOB, PCSK9, LDLRAP1, LIPA, STAP1, ABCA1, APOA1, APOE, LPL, SCARB1 , and SREBF2 depending on the type of atherosclerotic plaques. The expression level of APOE gene was eight times higher in unstable atherosclerotic plaques of dystrophic-necrotic type ( p < 0.0001). The expression levels of LDLR and APOB genes were eight times higher in stable atherosclerotic plaques ( p < 0.0001). We did not find differences in the expression levels of the ABCG5, ABCG8, APOC3, CETP, CLPS, CYP7A1 , and PNPLA5 genes.

Conclusion. The study showed the differences in the activity of individual metabolism-related genes in the atherosclerotic plaques of different types in patients with coronary atherosclerosis. Obtained data may become the basis for the development of test systems aimed at predicting the development of atherosclerotic process and its complications.
Breath analysis has great potential for becoming an important clinical diagnosis method due to its friendly and non-invasive way of sample collection. Hundreds of endogenous trace gases (volatile organic compounds (VOCs)) are present in breath, representing different metabolic processes of the body. They are not only characteristic for a person, their age, sex, habit etc, but also specific to different kinds of diseases. VOCs, related to diseases could serve as biomarkers for clinical diagnostics and disease monitoring. However, due to the large amount of water contained in breath, an identification of specific VOCs is a real challenge.

In this work we present a technique of water suppression from breath samples, that enables us to identify several trace gases in breath, e.g., methane, isoprene, acetone, aldehyde, carbon monoxide, etc, using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. In the current state, the technique reduces the water concentration by a factor of 2500. Sample preparation and data acquisition take about 25 min, which is clinically relevant. In this article we demonstrate the working principle of the water reduction technique.

Further, with specific examples we demonstrate that water elimination from breath samples does not hamper the concentration of trace gases in breath. Preliminary experiments with real breath also indicate that the concentrations of methane, acetone and isoprene remain the same during the sample preparation.
This work aims at studying thermal expansion of ice Ih based gas hydrates that play important role in self-preservation effect of classical gas hydrates. Linear thermal expansion of ice Ih based hydrogen hydrates are calculated using a very effective statistical thermodynamic model of gas hydrates developed by the authors of this work. Molecular structures of all studied systems are obtained by MD simulations, and all parameters required by the model are obtained by using Quasiharmonic Lattice Dynamic approach. In accordance with our calculations, introduction of hydrogen into the system not only significantly affects the unit cell parameter of ice, but also increases linear thermal expansion and makes it comparable to the classical gas hydrates such as CH 4 , CO 2 , etc.
By Monte Carlo method we study peculiarities of scattering of short laser pulses in the water media with reflection from the underlying and water-air boundaries. The results of numerical modeling show that the ring-shaped structures of light may appear in the water layers.
It is well known that the plants are capable to hyperaccumulation but despite their extensive use for water cleaning in environment, the essence of this phenomenon remains unclear. This paper is focused on the development of methodology for the determination of peptides binding forms of the metal in plants on the example of cadmium and water hyacinth. The suggested approach is based on the analytes extraction followed by their HPLC separation with UV and element-selective detection, and at last amino acids and sulfide groups determination in the isolated fractions containing cadmium, and for this, the optimal parameters for the interfacing of microcolumn chromatograph and ICP-OES spectrometer have been developed. It has been shown as a result that cadmium-containing compounds can be attributed to peptides similar to phytochelatins. This approach provides an information concerning the nature of the compounds responsible for the act of detoxification during bioaccumulation process.
For the Routing Open Shop problem with unit execution times, the first algorithm with parameterized complexity is designed for constructing an optimal schedule.Its running time is bounded by a function (P ol(|V |) + f (m, g)) • |I|, where P ol(|V |) is a polynomial of the number of network nodes, f (m, g) is a function of the number of machines and the number of job locations, and |I| is the input length in its compact encoding.
We present results from a study of $X(3872)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\pi}J/\ensuremath{\psi}$ decays produced via exclusive $B\ensuremath{\rightarrow}KX(3872)$ decays. We determine the mass to be ${M}_{X(3872)}=(3871.85\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.27(\mathrm{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.19(\mathrm{syst}))\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}$, a 90% confidence level upper limit on the natural width of ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{X(3872)}<1.2\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}$, the product branching fraction $\mathcal{B}({B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{+}X(3872))\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\mathcal{B}(X(3872)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}J/\ensuremath{\psi})=(8.63\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.82(\mathrm{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.52(\mathrm{syst}))\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$, and a ratio of branching fractions $\mathcal{B}({B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{0}X(3872))/\mathcal{B}({B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{+}X(3872))=0.50\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.14(\mathrm{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.04(\mathrm{syst})$. The difference in mass between the $X(3872)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}J/\ensuremath{\psi}$ signals in ${B}^{+}$ and ${B}^{0}$ decays is $\ensuremath{\Delta}{M}_{X(3872)}=(\ensuremath{-}0.71\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.96(\mathrm{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.19(\mathrm{syst}))\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}$. A search for a charged partner of the $X(3872)$ in the decays ${\overline{B}}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{X}^{+}$ or ${B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{0}{X}^{+}$, ${X}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}J/\ensuremath{\psi}$ resulted in upper limits on the product branching fractions for these processes that are well below expectations for the case that the $X(3872)$ is the neutral member of an isospin triplet. In addition, we examine possible ${J}^{PC}$ quantum number assignments for the $X(3872)$ based on comparisons of angular correlations between final state particles in $X(3872)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}J/\ensuremath{\psi}$ decays with simulated data for ${J}^{PC}$ values of ${1}^{++}$ and ${2}^{\ensuremath{-}+}$. We examine the influence of $\ensuremath{\rho}$-$\ensuremath{\omega}$ interference in the $M({\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}})$ spectrum. The analysis is based on a $711\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ data sample that contains $772\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}$ $B\overline{B}$ meson pairs collected at the $\ensuremath{\Upsilon}(4S)$ resonance in the Belle detector at the KEKB ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collider.
Triarylmethyl (trityl, TAM) based spin labels represent a promising alternative to nitroxides for EPR distance measurements in biomolecules.

Herewith, we report synthesis and comparative study of series of model DNA duplexes, 5′-spin-labeled with TAMs and nitroxides. We have found that the accuracy (width) of distance distributions obtained by double electron–electron resonance (DEER/PELDOR) strongly depends on the type of radical. Replacement of both nitroxides by TAMs in the same spin-labeled duplex allows narrowing of the distance distributions by a factor of 3. Replacement of one nitroxide by TAM (orthogonal labeling) leads to a less pronounced narrowing but at the same time gains sensitivity in DEER experiment due to efficient pumping on the narrow EPR line of TAM. Distance distributions in nitroxide/nitroxide pairs are influenced by the structure of the linker: the use of a short amine-based linker improves the accuracy by a factor of 2. At the same time, a negligible dependence on the linker length is found for the distribution width in TAM/TAM pairs. Molecular dynamics calculations indicate greater conformational disorder of nitroxide labels compared to TAM ones, thus rationalizing the experimentally observed trends.

Thereby, we conclude that double spin-labeling using TAMs allows obtaining narrower spin–spin distance distributions and potentially more precise distances between labeling sites compared to traditional nitroxides.
In this paper, we analyze the bending of light by galaxies or clusters of galaxies in the presence of the Λ term.

Using Friedmann–Robertson–Walker (FRW) coordinates, which are used for the description of actual observations,

we demonstrate that the cosmological constant does not practically influence the lensing effect.
In the present paper we experimentally demonstrate a generation in a short Raman fiber laser having 10 000 different longitudinal modes only. We design the laser using 12 meters of commercially available fiber. Contrary to the recently demonstrated single longitudinal mode DFB Raman laser and short DBR Raman laser, in the laser under study the number of modes is high enough for efficient nonlinear interactions. Experimentally measured time dynamics reveals the presence of mode correlations in the radiation: the measured extreme events lasts for more than 10 round-trips.
This article discusses the most significant characteristics of the modernization process. Modernization is the process of acquiring and consolidating the high status of the country in the modern era. The status of the country is expressed in its high international economic, geopolitical, social and cultural competitiveness. The modern era is a historical period when the competitiveness of the country was determined, first of all, by the relative level of its industrial development. Accordingly, industrialization should be recognized as the main content of modernization. Secondary parameters of modernization, its additional prerequisites are the processes of urbanization, bureaucratization, massification, scientific and technical development and the development of military power.
The decay $B_c^+ \to \psi(2S)\pi^+$ with $\psi(2S) \to \mu^+\mu^-$ is observed with a significance of $5.2\,\sigma$ using $pp$ collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $1.0\,\invfb$ collected by the LHCb experiment. The branching fraction of $B_c^+ \to \psi(2S)\pi^+$ decays relative to that of the $B_c^+ \to J/\psi\pi^+$ mode is measured to be \begin{equation*} \frac{\mathcal{B}(B_c^+ \to \psi(2S)\pi^+)}{\mathcal{B}(B_c^+ \to J/\psi\pi^+)} = 0.250 \pm 0.068 \,\text{stat} \pm 0.014 \,\text{\syst} \pm 0.006 \,(\mathcal{B}). \end{equation*} The last term is the uncertainty on the ratio $\mathcal{B}(\psi(2S) \to \mu^+\mu^-)/\mathcal{B}(J/\psi \to \mu^+\mu^-)$.
Production of welded bimetallic structures of titanium and steel using a laser beam is a very urgent and important task in the shipbuilding, airspace and power engineering. Laser welding using an intermediate insert is one of the ways to solve this problem. In this paper, we present the results of experimental studies of formation of the structure and properties of composite insert, obtained by explosion welding, after its application at laser welding steel with titanium. A study of a four-layer composite insert obtained by explosion welding showed that it has no brittle intermetallic phases and defects in the form of cracks and pores. The boundaries between the plates to be welded in the composite insert have a characteristic wavy structure with narrow zones of mutual diffusion penetration of elements of the adjacent metals. It is established that the strength of the composite insert is comparable with the maximum strength of Grade 4 alloy, and the destruction of the product during the tensile tests in most cases occurred along the weakest component of the composite insert, i.e. the copper layer, whose strength was significantly increased due to the hardening that took place in the explosion welding.
In the article the four-level model of the image of the author of publicistic text is considered. There are metatext, its structure and semantics are analyzed.

The authors analyze the formation of meanings at the level of actual, conceptual and implicit information. The authors identify the main functions of metatext in the column genre: coherence, differentiation of subject-speech narrative plans, characterization of words and utterances as signals of an epoch or social situation, modeling of the author’s image, etc. “Textotyping” is considered as special function of metatext. The authors also distinguish different types of metatext, including hidden metatext and metatext and fictitious metatext. A sample of metatext analysis of media production is shown.

The article proves the connection of metalanguage behavior with the semantic structure of the text. The article analyzes the speech mask and metatext behavior as a component of the author’s image.
A model of a human sigmoid sinus was studied using magnetic resonance imaging.MRI images were obtained in three transverse and two longitudinal sections at different levels.The findings indicate that, at the exit of the cranial cavity, this venous vascular structure forms a flow pattern with highly pronounced longitudinal vortices.Thereat, the flow rotation is formed by the complex asymmetric shape of the conduit.
Motivation: It is known that the physico-chemical characteristics of proteins underlying specific folding of the polypeptide chain and the protein function are evolutionary conserved. Detection of such characteristics while analyzing homologous sequences would expand essentially the knowledge on protein function, structure, and evolution. These characteristics are maintained constant, in particular, by co-ordinated substitutions. In this process, the destabilizing effect of a substitution may be compensated by another substitution at a different position within the same protein, making the overall change in this protein characteristic insignificant. Consequently, the patterns of co-ordinated substitutions contain important information on conserved physico-chemical properties of proteins, requiring their investigation and development of the corresponding methods and software for correlation analysis of protein sequences available to a wide range of users. Results: A software package for analyzing correlated amino acid substitutions at different positions within aligned protein sequences was developed. The approach implies searching for evolutionary conserved physico-chemical characteristics of proteins based on the information on the pairwise correlations of amino acid substitutions at different protein positions. The software was applied to analyze DNA-binding domains of the homeodomain class. As a result, two conservative physico-chemical characteristics preserved due to the co-ordinated substitutions at certain groups of positions in the protein sequence. Possible functional roles of these characteristics are discussed. Availability: The program package is available at http://wwwmgs.bionet.nsc.ru/programs/CRASP/ Contact: ada@bionet.nsc.ru * To whom correspondence should be addressed.