Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
The fact that repulsive Rutherford scattering casts a paraboloidal shadow is rarely exploited in introductory mechanics textbooks. Another rarely used construction in such textbooks is the Hamilton vector, a cousin of the more famous Laplace-Runge-Lenz vector. We will show how the latter (Hamilton's vector) can be used to explain and clarify the former (paraboloidal shadow).
We have numerically simulated quantum tomography of single-qubit and two-qubit quantum gates with qubits represented by mesoscopic ensembles containing random numbers of atoms. Such ensembles of strongly interacting atoms in the regime of Rydberg blockade are known as Rydberg superatoms. The stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) in the regime of Rydberg blockade is used for determining Rydberg excitation in the ensemble, required for the storage of quantum information in the collective state of the atomic ensemble and implementation of two-qubit gates. The optimized shapes of the STIRAP pulses are used to achieve high fidelity of the population transfer. Our simulations confirm the validity and high fidelity of single-qubit and two-qubit gates with Rydberg superatoms.
Spin relaxation has been at the core of many studies since the early days of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and the underlying theory worked out by its founding fathers. This BlochâRedfieldâAbraham relaxation theory has been recently reinvestigated (Bengs and Levitt,Â 2020) in the perspective of Lindblad theory of quantum Markovian master equations in order to account for situations where the widely used semi-classical relaxation theory breaks down.

In this article, we review the conventional approach of quantum mechanical theory of NMR relaxation and show that, under the usual assumptions, it is equivalent to the Lindblad formulation.

We also comment on the debate on semi-classical versus quantum versions of spectral density functions involved in relaxation.
Aim: To determine gender differences in the relationship between depression and self-rated health and awareness of measures for cardiovascular prevention in an open population of 25-4 years in Russia/Siberia (Novosibirsk). Methods: Under the screening based on the budgetary theme No. AAAA-A17-117112850280-2, a random representative sample of the male and female population who were residents in one of the districts in Novosibirsk was examined in 2013-2016 (n=975, 43.8% males, mean age 34.5±0.4 years). Selfassessment of health and awareness of preventive measures was assessed using the questionnaire "Knowledge and attitude to own health". Depression was assessed using the depression scale based on the adapted MMPI questionnaire. Results: There was a linear increase in the proportion of those who considered themselves "not entirely healthy" or "sick" with an increase in the level of depression in 25-34 and 35-44 years age groups of studied population. Women aged 35-44 years with a moderate level of depression are 15-20% more likely than men to report that they are “not entirely healthy” and “sick” and have health complaints (p <0.05). Men aged 25-34y with major depression were more likely to report negative self-esteem and health complaints but these differences were not statistically significant. In both age groups, with an increase in the level of depression by 20-40%, the proportion of people who “clearly did not take care of their health” among men and women increased. However, the presence of depression eliminate statistical gender differences. In the presence of depression, women are 16% more likely than men to consider it highly likely to develop a serious illness in the next 5-10 years, while they are 10% less likely to have regular health checks. Women were 4-12% more likely than men to doubt the possibilities of preventive medicine, regardless of the level of depression. Conclusions: As depression rises, self-rated health falls and confidence in the effectiveness of preventive measures among both sexes decreases. And while women are more likely to report pessimistic responses to health and prevention, the presence of high levels of depression deletes gender differences.
Midbrain raphe nuclei (MRNs) contain a large number of serotonergic neurons associated with the regulation of numerous types of psychoemotional states and physiological processes. The aim of this work was to study alterations of the MRN transcriptome in mice with prolonged positive or negative fighting experience and to identify key gene networks associated with the regulation of serotonergic system functioning. Numerous genes underwent alterations of transcription in the MRNs of male mice that either manifested aggression or experienced social defeat in daily agonistic interactions. The expression of the Tph2 gene encoding the rate-limiting enzyme of the serotonin synthesis pathway correlated with the expression of many genes, 31 of which were common between aggressive and defeated mice and were downregulated in the MRNs of mice of both experimental groups. Among these common differentially expressed genes (DEGs), there were genes associated with behavior, learning, memory, and synaptic signaling. These results suggested that, in the MRNs of the mice, the transcriptome changes associated with serotonergic regulation of various processes are similar between the two groups (aggressive and defeated). In the MRNs, more DEGs correlating with Tph2 expression were found in defeated mice than in the winners, which is probably a consequence of deeper Tph2 downregulation in the losers. It was shown for the first time that, in both groups of experimental mice, the changes in the transcription of genes controlling the synthesis and transport of serotonin directly correlate with the expression of genes Crh and Trh, which control the synthesis of corticotrophin- and thyrotropin-releasing hormones. Our findings indicate that CRH and TRH locally produced in MRNs are related to serotonergic regulation of brain processes during a chronic social conflict.
The results of three series of rocket measurements of mesospheric electric fields carried out under different geomagnetic conditions at polar and high middle latitudes are analysed.

The measurements show a clear dependence of the vertical electric fields on geomagnetic activity at polar and high middle latitudes. The vertical electric fields in the lower mesosphere increase with the increase of geomagnetic indexes Kp and ∑Kp. The simultaneous increase of the vertical electric field strength and ion conductivity was observed in the mesosphere during geomagnetic disturbances. This striking phenomenon was displayed most clearly during the solar proton events of October, 1989 accompanied by very strong geomagnetic storm (Kp=8+).

A possible mechanism of generation of the vertical electric fields in the mesosphere caused by gravitational sedimentation of charged aerosol particles is discussed. Simultaneous existence in the mesosphere of both the negative and positive multiply charged aerosol particles of different sizes is assumed for explanation of the observed V/m vertical electric fields and their behaviour under geomagnetically disturbed conditions.
In the majority of colorectal cancer (CRC) cases, the genetic basis of predisposition remains unexplained. The goal of the study was to assess the regulatory SNPs (rSNPs) in the human genome and to reveal СRC drivers based on the available chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-Seq, ChIA-PET) and transcriptional profiling (RNA-Seq) data. We combined positional (locations within genome regulatory elements) and functional (associated with allele-specific binding and expression) criteria followed by an analysis using genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and minor allele frequency (MAF) datasets. DeSeq2 analysis through 70 CRC patients reinforced the regulatory potential. rSNPs (1,476) that were associated with significant (P < 0.01) allele-specific events resulting in thirty that exhibited a link with CRC according to the MAF and 27, with a risk of malignancy in general according to GWAS. Selected rSNPs may modify the expression of genes for tumor suppressors and the regulators of signaling pathways, including noncoding RNAs. However, the rSNPs from the most represented group affect the expression of genes related to splicing. Our findings strongly suggest that the identified variants might contribute to CRC susceptibility, which indicates that aberrant splicing is one of the key mechanisms for unraveling disease etiopathogenesis and provides useful inputs for interpreting how genotypic variation corresponds to phenotypic outcome.
In the present article, the heat transfer coefficient was determined experimentally when a subsonic jet flows onto a plate. The jet escaped from axisymmetric nozzles with a diameter of d = 290, 540, and 980 μm. The experiments were carried out at the speeds of V = 5, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 m/s in the Reynolds numbers range of 100 – 7000. The Nusselt number distribution was obtained for different distances between the nozzle and cooled surface.
Interpretation of Doppler-Shift spectroscopy measurement of neutral beams species content requires an assumption about distribution of populations of thin structure of excited state (hydrogen n=3). In the paper several effects caused mixing of sublevel population are discussed and correction factors for different models of thin structure population are calculated. Such mixing can lead to tens percent uncertainty of results of measurements of beam species content. A possible way for experimental verification of sublevel population mixing is proposed.
Despite the elimination of smallpox, orthopoxviruses continue to be a source of biological danger for humans, as cowpox and monkey pox viruses circulate in nature and the last virus can cause both sporadic cases of human diseases and outbreaks of smallpox-like infection. In addition, periodic vaccination is necessary for representatives of some professions (scientists studying pathogenic orthopoxviruses, medical personnel, etc.). Vaccination against smallpox virus with live vaccinia virus, which was widely used during the elimination of smallpox, induces the formation of long-term immunity in vaccinated people. However, providing a high level of protection, the vaccination is often accompanied by serious post-vaccination complications, the probability of which is particularly great for individuals with compromised immunity. In this regard, the development of preparations for the prevention and treatment of infections caused by orthopoxviruses remains important today. The aim of this study was to assess the immunogenicity in the mouse model of recombinant protein р35Δ12, designed previously on the base of the cowpox virus protein p35. It was previously shown that the protein р35Δ12 was recognized by fully human neutralizing anti-orthopoxviral antibody with high affinity. In this work, recombinant protein р35Δ12 produced in E. coli cells XL1-blue and purified by chromatography was used for two-time immunization of mice. Two weeks after the second immunization, blood samples were taken from mice and serum antibodies were analyzed. It was shown by ELISA and Western-blot analysis that immunized mice sera contained IgG antibodies specific to recombinant protein р35Δ12. Confocal microscopy showed that antibodies induced by the р35Δ12 protein were able to recognize Vero E6 cells infected with the LIVP-GFP vaccinia virus. In addition, the antibodies in the serum of immunized mice were able to neutralize the infectivity of the vaccinia virus LIVP-GFP in the plaque reduction neutralization test in vitro . These experiments have demonstrated promising properties of the р35Δ12 protein if it were used as a component of vaccine for prophylaxis of orthopoxvirus infections.
In this paper an endovascular measurement system used for intraoperative cerebral blood flow monitoring is described.

The system is based on a Volcano ComboMap Pressure and Flow System extended with analogue-to-digital converter and PC laptop. A series of measurements performed in patients with cerebrovascular pathologies allows us to introduce "velocity-pressure" and "flow rate-energy flow rate" diagrams as important characteristics of the blood flow.

The measurement system presented here can be used as an additional instrument in neurosurgery for assessment and monitoring of the operation procedure. Clinical data obtained with the system are used for construction of mathematical models and patient-specific simulations. The monitoring of the blood flow parameters during endovascular interventions was approved by the Ethics Committee at the Meshalkin Novosibirsk Research Institute of Circulation Pathology and included in certain surgical protocols for pre-, intra- and postoperative examinations.
ПОТЕНЦИАЛЬНЫЕ БИОХИМИЧЕСКИЕ МАРКЕРЫ ХРОНИЧЕСКОГО БРОНХИТА И БРОНХИАЛЬНОЙ АСТМЫ. СОВРЕМЕННОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫЕвгений Алексеевич КУРТУКОВ, Юлия Игоревна РАГИНО НИИ терапии и профилактической медициныфилиал ФИЦ Институт цитологии и генетики СО РАН
A new method was developed for statistical analysis of ensembles of instantaneous velocity fields measured by PIV in liquid (continuous phase) to determine the distribution of the vapor phase in cavitating flow. The method is based on two main principles: the absence of tracers used for PIV measurements in vapor, and the statistical independence of individual measurements. This allowed establishing an exponential dependence of repeatability of the vapor phase at a certain point of a cavitating flow. Compliance with this theoretical law was verified using the Pearson chi-square test. All theoretical distributions were divided into several groups depending on the time-averaged local vapor content calculated over the entire ensemble of realizations and the probability of a single event. As a result, dimensions of the stationary part of an attached cavity and the place of detachments of cloud cavities from the hydrofoil surface were determined using the new method of statistical analysis for an unsteady cloud cavitation regime.
The living cell DNA is under permanent attack of a variety of exogenous and endogenous damaging factors.Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is main pathway which removes a wide variety of bulky DNA adducts formed by UV light, electrophilic environmental mutagens, and chemotherapeutic agents.NER process in mammalian cells consistently leads to the very specific excision of damaged DNA fragments 24-32 nucleotides in length.The following DNA repair synthesis and DNA ligation restore intact DNA helix.The main set of the genes inactivated in NER-deficient higher eukaryotic cells was identified; about 30 proteins are involved in the specific multi-subunit complexes responsible for NER process.The specific NER feature is wide substrate specificity and great difference of damages elimination efficiencies.A key limiting step in NER is damage recognition and verification.One of the advanced and upcoming approaches to NER process investigation is based on the application of model DNAs -artificial DNA structures, which are analogs of substrate or intermediates of the repair process.This article reviews our current knowledge concerning the model DNA design, synthesis and application as a tool for the NER process comprehensive study.
Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью разработки альтернативных водородным технологий переработки тяжелого нефтяного сырья для вовлечения последнего в структуру нефтепереработки и увеличения глубины переработки остатков (мазут, гудрон) с повышением выхода светлых дистиллятов и минимизацией выхода побочных продуктов.

Цель: исследовать процесс каталитического парового крекинга гудрона западно-сибирской нефти в присутствии дисперсных катализаторов на основе различных металлов. Объекты: каталитический паровой крекинг – термокаталитический процесс облагораживания тяжелого нефтяного сырья в присутствии воды. Методы. Для оценки эффективности катализаторов на основе различных металлов использовали совокупность физико-химических показателей: фракционный состав жидких продуктов каталитического парового крекинга (ASTM D716991-1–1), содержание S, соотношение H:C (HCNS-О анализ), плотность и кинематическую вязкость (ASTM D7042) жидких продуктов.

Результаты. Установлены особенности парового каталитического крекинга гудрона при 450 °C в присутствии дисперсных катализаторов на основе различных металлов (при концентрации металла в исходной эмульсии 0,5 мас. %). Выявлено, что применение Mo-содержащего дисперсного катализатора приводит к увеличению соотношения H:C (до 1,56) в жидких продуктах по сравнению с паровым крекингом без катализатора (1,32), также происходит снижение содержания серы в жидких продуктах (на 0,22 мас. %), что свидетельствует об увеличении глубины взаимодействия воды и сырья при использовании дисперсного катализатора. В случае использования дисперсного катализатора на основе железа отмечено увеличение выхода светлых фракций (29,3 мас. %), поскольку данный катализатор характеризуются высокой активностью в процессах окислительного крекинга. Остальные дисперсные катализаторы на основе Ni, Al, и Co не превосходят Mo- и Fe-содержащие катализаторы по выходу и качеству жидких продуктов облагораживания. Вязкость продуктов облагораживания снижается по сравнению с исходным гудроном приблизительно в 90 раз.
Horizontal transfer (HT) is a complex phenomenon usually used as an explanation of phylogenetic inconsistence, which cannot be interpreted in terms of vertical evolution. Most examples of HT of eukaryotic genes involve transposable elements. An intriguing feature of HT is that its frequency differs among transposable elements classes. Although HT is well known for DNA transposons and long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons, non-LTR retrotransposons rarely undergo HT, and their phylogenies are largely congruent to those of their hosts. Previously, we described HT of CR1-like non-LTR retrotransposons between butterflies (Maculinea) and moths (Bombyx), which occurred less than 5 million years ago (Novikova O, Sliwinska E, Fet V, Settele J, Blinov A, Woyciechowski M. 2007. CR1 clade of non-LTR retrotransposons from Maculinea butterflies (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae): evidence for recent horizontal transmission. BMC Evol Biol. 7:93).

In this study, we continued to explore the diversity of CR1 non-LTR retrotransposons among lepidopterans providing additional evidences to support HT hypothesis. We also hypothesized that DNA transposons could be involved in HT of non-LTR retrotransposons. Thus, we performed analysis of one of the groups of DNA transposons, mariner-like DNA elements, as potential vectors for HT of non-LTR retrotransposons.

Our results demonstrate multiple HTs between Maculinea and Bombyx genera. Although we did not find strong evidence for our hypothesis of the involvement of DNA transposons in HT of non-LTR retrotransposons, we demonstrated that recurrent and/or simultaneous flow of TEs took place between distantly related moths and butterflies.
Growing evidence suggests that increased arginase activity affects vital bioprocesses in various systems and universally mediates the pathogenesis of numerous metabolic diseases. The adverse effects of arginase are associated with a severe decline in L-arginine bioavailability, which leads to nitric oxide synthase substrate insufficiency, uncoupling, and, eventually, to superoxide anion generation and substantial reduction of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. In cooperation, it contributes to chronic oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction, which might lead to hypertension and atherosclerosis. Recent preclinical investigations point to arginase as a promising therapeutic target in ameliorating metabolic and vascular dysfunctions.

In the present study, adult rats with inherited stress-induced arterial hypertension (ISIAH) were used as a model of hypertension. Wistar rats served as normotensive controls. Experimental animals were intraperitoneally administered for seven days with non-proteinogenic amino acid L-norvaline (30 mg/kg/day), which is a potent arginase inhibitor, or with the vehicle. Blood pressure (BP), body weight, and diuresis were monitored. The changes in blood and urine levels of creatinine, urea, and NO metabolites were analyzed.

We observed a significant decline in BP and induced diuresis in ISIAH rats following the treatment. The same procedure did not affect the BP of control animals. Remarkably, the treatment had no influence upon glomerular filtration rate in two experimental groups, just like the daily excretion of creatinine and urea. Conversely, NO metabolites levels were amplified in normotonic but not in hypertensive rats following the treatment. The data indicate that L-norvaline is a potential antihypertensive agent, and deserves to be clinically investigated. Moreover, we suggest that changes in blood and urine are causally related to the effect of L-norvaline upon the BP regulation.
The indigenous inhabitants of Siberia live in some of the harshest environments on earth, experiencing extended periods of severe cold temperatures, dramatic variation in photoperiod, and limited and highly variable food resources. While the successful long-term settlement of this area by humans required multiple behavioral and cultural innovations, the nature of the underlying genetic changes has generally remained elusive.

In this study, we used a three-part approach to identify putative targets of positive natural selection in Siberians. We first performed selection scans on whole exome and genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism array data from multiple Siberian populations. We then annotated candidates in the tails of the empirical distributions, focusing on candidates with evidence linking them to biological processes and phenotypes previously identified as relevant to adaptation in circumpolar groups. The top candidates were then genotyped in additional populations to determine their spatial allele frequency distributions and associations with climate variables.

Our analysis reveals missense mutations in three genes involved in lipid metabolism (PLA2G2A, PLIN1, and ANGPTL8) that exhibit genomic and spatial patterns consistent with selection for cold climate and/or diet. These variants are unified by their connection to brown adipose tissue and may help to explain previously observed physiological differences in Siberians such as low serum lipid levels and increased basal metabolic rate. These results support the hypothesis that indigenous Siberians have genetically adapted to their local environment by selection on multiple genes.
Aim of the study was to create a method for assessing the probabilistic time of development of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in patients with a confirmed diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).

The work was carried out on the basis of the Regional Vascular Center No. 1 (Novosibirsk). A retrospective analysis of the data of 115 patients diagnosed with AMI in combination with verified type 2 DM who were hospitalized in the period from 2018 to 2019 was performed. In all patients included in the study, clinical and demographic, anamnestic, physical, functional, and laboratory data were assessed in accordance with the federal standard for the diagnosis and treatment of this pathology. The nature and duration of the course, drug therapy for diabetes mellitus were assessed according to medical documents and databases. Further, a regression model was built for assessing the probabilistic time of development of AMI in patients with type 2 DM.

The study demonstrates the high predictive ability of the author's approach for determining the individual predicted time for the development of AMI in a patient with type 2 DM. The introduction of the developed method into real clinical practice will make it possible to personally manage type 2 DM patients and to reduce the individual risk of such a formidable cardiovascular complication as myocardial infarction.