Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
A revision of mapping of main and alternative banding sequences in chromosome III (EF) has been made for 14 species of the Chironomusplumosus group. In total, new versions of mapping are presented for 18 banding sequences of arm E and 18 banding sequences of arm F.

A new way of tracing the origins of banding sequences in chromosome III of the Ch.plumosus group in comparison with basic banding sequences of the genus Chironomus is suggested.

The presented data indicate that h’pluE2 in arm E and p’borF2 in arm F are the closest to banding sequences of Ch.piger Strenzke, 1959 and thus should be considered the most ancient among banding sequences of chromosome III in the Ch.plumosus group. Phylogenetic relationships of banding sequences of chromosome III are discussed.
III-nitride heterostructures in the form of multilayered quantum wells (MQWs) or quantum dots (QDs) and interacting Ge QDs ("quantum molecules") are promising candidates for high-speed intersubband (ISB) optical devices relying on the quantum confinement of electrons.

Microstructural parameters (interatomic distances, coordination numbers, and Debye-Waller factors) were determined by means of EXAFS spectroscopy based on the Synchrotron Radiation, and the relationship between the variations in these parameters and the morphology of superlattices and symmetric assembles of QDs were established. The EXAFS technique has been used to study the local structure of thin hexagonal GaN/AlN MQWs grown by ammonia MBE at different temperatures.

It is shown that the heterointerface intermixing leads to a decrease in the Ga-Al interatomic distance and the Ga-Ga coordination number in MQWs. The degree of intermixing in the boundary layers rises from 30% to 40% with increase of the growth temperature from 795 to 895 °C. It was found that in the first phase of quantum molecules growth Ge atoms concentration is 25%. With further growth (deposition of the base layers) Ge concentration increases up to 35-45%, depending on the temperature (from 610 to 550 °C) of deposition.
We present an overview of modern visualization and measurement techniques (largely non-intrusive) applied to study cavitating flows. Potential and limitations of the modern non-intrusive techniques for two-phase dispersed flows diagnostics are discussed with a specific view on issues related to cavitation phenomena.

The literature survey is complemented with some recent papers on the application of various optical methods, the data processing procedures and error assessment

carried out over the last few years in the cavitation research facilities at the Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics SB RAS and Novosibirsk State University.
Basic approach of industrial economics is used as the starting point of the analysis.

Special coefficients of 'sustainability' and 'stability' of leadership, indicating companies' positions, are proposed to describe firms' market power. Empirical part is based on data provided by national rating agency Expert Ra for a long-term period from 2000 to 2011.

Comparison of national and regional markets enabled us to find out that generally the positions of Russian leading corporations are stable and sustainable. Market power of leading companies is rather significant, therefore at the national level, competition could hardly be intensive. More competitive structures are developed at regional level. Regional markets demonstrated more rapid response to crisis. At the same time, expansion of national and transnational corporations has great influence on regional markets' structures.
An overview on the underlying principles of the hybrid plasma wakefield acceleration scheme dubbed "Trojan Horse" acceleration is given.

The concept is based on laser-controlled release of electrons directly into a particle-beam-driven plasma blowout, paving the way for controlled, shapeable electron bunches with ultralow emittance and ultrahigh brightness. Combining the virtues of a low-ionization-threshold underdense photocathode with the GV/m-scale electric fields of a practically dephasing-free beam-driven plasma blowout, this constitutes a 4th generation electron acceleration scheme. It is applicable as a beam brightness transformer for electron bunches from LWFA and PWFA systems alike. At FACET, the proof-of-concept experiment "E-210: Trojan Horse Plasma Wakefield Acceleration" has recently been approved and is in preparation. At the same time, various LWFA facilities are currently considered to host experiments aiming at stabilizing and boosting the electron bunch output quality via a trojan horse afterburner stage.

Since normalized emittance and brightness can be improved by many orders of magnitude, the scheme is an ideal candidate for light sources such as free-electron-lasers and those based on Thomson scattering and betatron radiation alike.
The article describes the history of the development of the All-Russian classifier of economic activities (OKVED), as well as the dynamics of tax revenues from the oil and gas complex in the consolidated budget of Russia. The analysis of revenues to the consolidated budget in the context of economic activities for 2019 is carried out. The article describes the income from the oil and gas complex to the consolidated budget in the context of taxes at the following levels: federal, regional, and local.
Domestication has led to similar changes in morphology and behavior in several animal species, raising the question whether similarities between different domestication events also exist at the molecular level.

We used mRNA sequencing to analyze genome-wide gene expression patterns in brain frontal cortex in three pairs of domesticated and wild species (dogs and wolves, pigs and wild boars, and domesticated and wild rabbits). We compared the expression differences with those between domesticated guinea pigs and a distant wild relative (Cavia aperea) as well as between two lines of rats selected for tameness or aggression towards humans.

There were few gene expression differences between domesticated and wild dogs, pigs, and rabbits (30–75 genes (less than 1%) of expressed genes were differentially expressed), while guinea pigs and C. aperea differed more strongly. Almost no overlap was found between the genes with differential expression in the different domestication events. In addition, joint analyses of all domesticated and wild samples provided only suggestive evidence for the existence of a small group of genes that changed their expression in a similar fashion in different domesticated species. The most extreme of these shared expression changes include up-regulation in domesticates of SOX6 and PROM1, two modulators of brain development. There was almost no overlap between gene expression in domesticated animals and the tame and aggressive rats. However, two of the genes with the strongest expression differences between the rats (DLL3 and DHDH) were located in a genomic region associated with tameness and aggression, suggesting a role in influencing tameness. In summary, the majority of brain gene expression changes in domesticated animals are specific to the given domestication event, suggesting that the causative variants of behavioral domestication traits may likewise be different.
We use numerical simulations of the reactive Euler equations to analyse the nonlinear stability of steady-state one-dimensional solutions for gaseous detonations in the presence of both momentum and heat losses. Our results point to a possible stabilization mechanism for the low-velocity detonations in such systems. The mechanism stems from the existence of a one-parameter family of solutions found in Semenko et al. ( Shock Waves , vol. 26 (2), 2016, pp. 141–160).
Работа посвящена изучению алгоритма гармонического поиска
It is shown that S N H approach opens new possibilities in the synthesis of polyfunctional nitronyl and imino nitroxides.

It is found that the interaction of 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-4,5-dihydro-1Himidazol-3-oxide-1-oxyl lithium salt Li1 with 3,6-diaryl-1,2,4-triazines leads to formation of the corresponding triazines bearing nitronyl nitroxide or imino nitroxide substituent at position 5 of the heterocycle.The reaction of Li1 with pyridazine-N-oxide gives rise to nitroxide with buten-3-ynyl substituent 5. Spin-labeled 5 could be readily transformed by the use of 1,3-dipolar and nucleophilic addition reactions, as well as oxidative coupling, that gives a large group of new paramagnets: 2-(1H-pyrazol-5-yl)vinyl-, 2-ethynylcyclopropyl-, 2-(3-(ethoxycarbonyl) isoxazol-5-yl)vinyl-, 1-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)but-3-ynyl-substituted nitronyl nitroxide and a diradical -2,2′-((1E,7E)-octa-1,7-dien-3,5-diyne-1,8-diyl)bis(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-3oxide-1-oxyl).

The new nitroxides were characterized by X-ray single crystal data, ESR and static magnetic susceptibility measurements.
The paper presents new exact solutions of equations derived earlier. Three of them describe unsteady motions of a polymer solution near the stagnation point. A class of partially invariant solutions with a wide functional arbitrariness is found. An invariant solution of the stationary problem in which the solid boundary is a logarithmic curve is constructed.
Crystals on the move: If they are subjected to a strong light stimulus, crystals of the cobalt coordination compound [Co(NH3)5(NO2)]Cl(NO3) undergo sudden jumps and leap over distances 102–105 times their own size to release the strain that accumulates in their interior.

The first quantitative kinematic analysis of this phenomenon is reported.

The observed effect could be employed for actuation on the macroscopic scale. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
The dikes of the Vyun deposit and the Shumniy occurrence intruding Mesozoic terrigenous rocks of the Kular–Nera and Polousniy–Debin terranes were examined in detail. The dikes had diverse mineralogical and petrographic compositions including trachybasalts, andesites, trachyandesites, dacites, and granodiorites.

We present the results of geostructural, mineralogic–petrographic, geochemical, and U–Pb geochronological investigations of mafic, intermediate, and felsic igneous rocks from dikes in the Yana–Kolyma gold belt of the Verkhoyansk–Kolyma folded area (northeastern Asia). The rocks showed significant similarities in distributions of REE, and their concentrations of most HFSEs were close to the intermediate ones between ocean islands basalts and enriched middle ocean ridge basalts.

We propose that the subduction that was ongoing during the collision of the Kolyma–Omolon superterrane with Siberia led to melting in the asthenospheric wedge and in the lithosphere, which formed a mixed source for the dike systems from both an enriched and a depleted mantle source. The U–Pb SHRIMP-II dates obtained for the dikes corresponded to the Late Jurassic interval of 151–145 Ma. We present a geodynamic model for the northeastern margin of the Siberian Craton for the Tithonian age of the Late Jurassic.
Large-eddy simulations are performed to investigate the cavitating flow around two dimensional hydrofoil section with angle of attack of 9° and high Reynolds number of 1.3×10 6 .

We use the Schnerr-Sauer model for accurate phase transitions modelling. Instantaneous velocity fields are compared successfully with PIV data using the methodology of conditional averaging to take into account only the liquid phase characteristics as in PIV.

The presence of two frequencies in a spectrum corresponding to the full and partial cavity detachments is analysed.
The postnatal period is important for brain development and behavioral programming. Here, we hypothesized that females’ stressful experience early in life can lead to disruption of mother–offspring interactions with their own progeny.

The objective of this study was to assess the effects of mothers’ stressful experience, early‐life stress, or both on the behavior of adult male mice. In this study, female mice were allowed to raise their pups either without exposure to stress (normal rearing conditions, NC) or with exposure to maternal separation (3 hr/day, maternal separation, MS). Adult F1 female mice who had experienced MS (stressed mothers, SM) or had been reared normally (undisturbed mothers, UM) were used for generating F2 offspring, which was then exposed (or not exposed) to early‐life stress. We assessed anxiety‐like behavior, exploratory activity, locomotor activity, aggression, and cognition in four groups of adult F2 males (UM+NC, UM+MS, SM+NC, and SM+MS).

We found that SM+MS males become more aggressive if agonistic contact is long enough; these results point to a change in their social coping strategy. Moreover, these aggressive males tended to show better long‐term spatial memory. Overall, our findings suggest that mothers’ early‐life experience may have important implications for the adult behavior of their offspring.
Wolbachia is an endosymbiont prevalent among different arthropoda and in some Nematoda species. The bacteria ads across the populations of host species via induction of reproductive abnormalities: cytoplasmic incompatability, parthenogenesis, feminization, and male killing.

we estimated the level of cytoplasmic incompatability in Drosophila melanogaster caused by three most prevalent Wolbachia genotypes, namely wmel, wmelCS и wmelCS2.

wmel and wmelCS genotypes were shown to cause mild cytoplasmic incompatibility ( 10 %), while wmelCS Wolbachia were unable to do so. Possible mechanisms of sustainability of Wolbachia in the populations of Drosophila melanogaster are discussed.
The radiative decay Lambda_b -> Lambda gamma is observed for the first time using a data sample of proton-proton collisions corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.7 1/fb collected by the LHCb experiment at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV.

A time-dependent analysis of the Bs -> phi gamma decay rate is performed to determine the CP-violating observables S and C, and the mixing-induced observable Adelta. The measurement is based on a sample of pp collision data recorded with the LHCb detector, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3 1/fb at center-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV.

Its branching fraction is measured to be B(Lambda_b -> Lambda gamma) = (7.1 +- 1.5 +- 0.6 +- 0.7) 10^{-6}, where the quoted uncertainties are statistical, systematic and systematic from external inputs, respectively. The measured values are S= 0.43 +- 0.30 +- 0.11, C= 0.11 +- 0.29 +- 0.11, Adelta = -0.67 +0.37 -0.41 +- 0.17, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. The results are consistent with the Standard Model predictions.
The method for the computation of the conditional probability density function for the nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation with additive noise is developed. We present in a constructive form the conditional probability density function in the limit of small noise and analytically derive it in a weakly nonlinear case. The general theory results are illustrated using fiber-optic communications as a particular, albeit practically very important, example.
Breathing solitons are nonlinear waves in which the energy concentrates in a localized and oscillatory fashion. Similarly to stationary solitons, breathers in dissipative systems can form stable bound states displaying molecule‐like dynamics, which are frequently called breather molecules. So far, the experimental observation of optical breather molecules and the real‐time detection of their dynamics are limited to diatomic molecules, that is, bound states of only two breathers.

In this work, the observation of different types of breather complexes in a mode‐locked fiber laser: multibreather molecules, and molecular complexes originating from the binding of two breather‐pair molecules or a breather pair molecule and a single breather is reported. Numerical simulations of the laser model support the experimental findings.

The intermolecular temporal separation of the molecular complexes attains several hundreds of picoseconds, which is more than an order of magnitude larger than that of their stationary soliton counterparts and is a signature of long‐range interactions. Moreover, nonequilibrium dynamics of breathing solitons are also observed, including breather collisions and annihilation. This work opens the possibility of studying the dynamics of many‐body systems in which breathers are the elementary constituents.
The main problems of establishment a slow growth in vitro collection of citrus and other tree crops cultivars are high degree of fungal contamination of bud explants and low growth potential of shoots.

In this regard, the aim of current research is to assess the efficiency of decontamination procedure and the possibility of tissue culture initiation and slow growth conservation of valuable lemon cultivars. The best results of surface sterilization were obtained using immersion solutions of 0.3 % Veltolen – 25 minutes or 10 % Domestos – 25–30 minutes. In these treatments, 27.7–33.0 % of aseptic explants were obtained, respectively. However, after the third subculture, the yield of aseptic viable explants decreased till 10 % as a result of secondary contamination by endophytic fungi. The addition of biocide (“Gavrish”) in a nutrient medium at a concentration of 1 ml/l helped to increase the yield of aseptic viable explants till 50 %. However, after the third subculture the photosynthetic activity and the pigments content as well as growth rate decreased. Plants dropped yellowish leaves and eventually died. Thus, 37.35 % of plantlets survived after 8 months of conservation, and only 14.6 % survived after 10 months. Even after the third month of conservation significant decrease in the viability index and the coefficient of photosynthetic activity occurred in plants. Chlorophyll a in leaves decreased from 1.59 to 1.14 mg/g during 12 months in vitro conservation. The similar tendency observed on clorophyll b and carotenoids content. The experiments were carried out for 5 years using different lemon cultivars and other citrus varieties and cultivars.

Thus, micropropagation and slow growth in vitro conservation of valuable lemon cultivars are still problematic and requires new technical solutions due to the low growth potential of plantlets raised from the mature buds that is consistent with the data of other researchers.
A brief review of the recent astronomical data, indicating that the universe is abundantly populated by heavy black holes (BH), is presented. Conventional astrophysics and cosmology cannot explain such a high population of BHs. A mechanism of the paper of 1963 is described, which at least qualitatively explained the observational data. In particular, the prediction that massive primordial BHs can be cosmological dark matter “particles” is discussed.
First imlementation of blockchain technology was appeared in 2008, and 12 years later more than 2000 different implementations of it have appeared.After deep analysis we found that approaches for development blockchain technologies is fragmented, there are no common system of concepts and general model of technology.

In this article we want to propose the general universal model and system of concepts for the blockchain technology irrespective of differenced of some implementations.Our approach is based on a technical analysis of the popular blockchains.

The results of this work can be used by architects of new blockchains implementstions, by researchers to achieve theirs goals and also in educational process.
Phylogenetic analysis is one of the useful tools available for revealing the evolution of life on the Earth; however, it has difficulty in principle distinguishing old and new genomes just by comparing phylogenomic trees.

To overcome this difficulty, a new method is introduced which utilizes the Earth's history derived from geologic information to trace genomic evolution. This idea is inspired by Darwin's natural selection, and explains how living organisms change with the environment. In other words, life's genome does not change if the environment remains the same. A key is the birthplace of life on Hadean Earth, which is thought to be an ultra-reducing environment with H2 produced in abundance through serpentinization. OD1 is a potential microbe that has survived on the Earth since the Hadean. Its habitat, Hakuba-Happo in Japan, is a unique serpentinite-hosted hydrothermal system on land, and it has avoided evolution by remaining in a super-reducing environment from the Hadean to the present. OD1 is regarded as a “living fossil” of the Hadean microbe. Ultra-reducing environments have disappeared over the Earth's history. How has OD1 survived since the Hadean to the present? A possible scenario is proposed based on Plate Tectonics.

OD1 habitats have gone through the following transitions: (1) super-reducing environment in a natural nuclear geyser on a primordial continent in the Hadean; (2) serpentinite-hosted hydrothermal system along a mid-oceanic ridge transform fault during the Archean-Proterozoic; (3) subduction-accretion and escape from oxygenated Phanerozoic ocean floor; and, (4) jacked up by growth of accretionary complexes and taking refuge in a hydrothermal system above a volcanic front. OD1 habitats have been reduced with geological age as free oxygen has increased in the surface environment. OD1 may be a “living microfossil” of the Hadean, making its way continuously through ultra-reducing environments on a tightrope.
DNase autoantibodies (Abs) can be found in the blood of patients with several autoimmune diseases, while the blood of healthy donors or patients with diseases with insignificant disturbances of the immune status does not contain the DNase Abs.

Here we have analysed for the first time the DNase activity in the patients with diseases caused by several bacterial infections. Several rigid criteria have been applied to show that the DNase activity is an intrinsic property of IgGs from the sera of patients with bacterial diseases but not from healthy donors.

The relative activity of IgGs has been shown to vary extensively between the diseases analysed and from patient to patient, but most of the preparations had detectable levels of the DNase activity. On average, the catalytic activities were significantly lower than in patients with autoimmune pathologies and increased in the following order: streptococcal infection (erysipelas) < urogenital chlamydiosis associated with arthritis (Reiter's disease) < meningococcal meningitis < shigellosis < suppurative surgical infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus < suppurative surgical infections caused by epidermal staphylococci < urogenital ureaplasmosis associated with reactive arthritis. While intact IgGs possessed this catalytic activity, separated light chains of polyclonal Abs appeared to be even more active in the hydrolysis of DNA.
The model of compressible fluid flow in elastic porous medium is derived within the theory of hyperbolic thermodynamically compatible systems of conservation laws that provides a formulation of mathematically and physically well-posed governing equations of physical processes.

A numerical technique for solving an initial-boundary value problem of the single compressible fluid flow through elastic porous medium is presented. Numerical method is based on the WENO–Runge–Kutta algorithm. For the boundary flux evaluation the characteristic decomposition and linearized boundary conditions are used.

A two-dimensional problem of the fluid inflow into the saturated porous rectangular domain from its left boundary is studied numerically.