Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
In this paper, classes of oil medium that ensure the methane hydrate self-preservation were identified. The following compounds and substances were studied: asphaltenes, resins, asphaltene-resin-paraffin deposits (ARPD), multiwall carbon nanotubes, meloxicam (C14H13N3O4S2), kinetic hydrate inhibitors (KHI) Luvicap 55W (copolymer of N-vinylcaprolactam and N-vinylpyrrolidone) and Luvicap EG (poly(N-vinylcaprolactam)), refined petroleum products (initial and waste) and 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (antioxidant fuel additive AO-29).

Isolated oil components had practically no effect on the decomposition process of methane hydrate. It was observed, that the presence of surface-active additives in refined petroleum products leads to suppression of the investigated effect (self-preservation).

It seems to be that in the case of used engine oils, the degree of manifestation of methane hydrate self-preservation effect depends on the duration of its operation (mileage). The obtained results can be the basis of recycling of ARPD and hazardous waste petroleum products in technologies for storage/transportation of natural gas.
Bumblebees of the subgenus Bombus s. str. dominate (or used to dominate) many north temperate pollinator assemblages and include most of the commercial bumblebee pollinator species. Several species are now in serious decline, so conservationists need to know precisely which ones are involved. The problem is that many Bombus s. str. species are cryptic, so that species identification from morphology may be impossible for some individuals and is frequently misleading according to recent molecular studies.

This is the first review of the entire subgenus to: (1) avoid fixed a priori assumptions concerning the limits of the problematic species; and (2) sample multiple sites from across the entire geographic ranges of all of the principal named taxa worldwide; and (3) fit an explicit model for how characters change within an evolutionary framework; and (4) apply explicit and consistent criteria within this evolutionary framework for recognising species. We analyse easily-obtained DNA (COI-barcode) data for 559 sequences from 279 localities in 33 countries using general mixed Yule-coalescent (GMYC) models, assuming only the morphologically distinctive species B. affinis Cresson, B. franklini (Frison), B. ignitus Smith and B. tunicatus Smith, and then recognise other comparable COI-barcode groups as putative species.

These species correspond to modified concepts of the taxa B. cryptarum (Fabricius), B. hypocrita Pérez, B. jacobsoni Skorikov, B. lantschouensis Vogt n. stat., B. longipennis Friese, B. lucorum (Linnaeus), B. magnus Vogt, B. minshanensis Bischoff n. stat., B. occidentalis Greene, B. patagiatus Nylander, B. sporadicus Nylander, B. terrestris (Linnaeus) and B. terricola Kirby (a total of 17 species). Seven lectotypes are designated. Our results allow us for the first time to diagnose all of the putative species throughout their global ranges and to map the extent of these geographic ranges.
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Experimental investigations of heat transfer from the heated wall to the two-phase bubbly flow were performed in vertical annular channel using air-water system.

The IR-thermography and miniature temperature sensors were used to measure heat transfer coefficients. The influence of bubbles on heat transfer is shown in comparison with the case of single phase flow.

The presence of bubbles in the flow leads to heat transfer intensification in the annular channel even for low void fractions.
The ability to use molecular hydrogen, H2, as a buffer gas in spin exchange optical pumping of noble gases enables the production of hydrogen gas containing a low percentile (5%) of hyperpolarized (HP) 129Xe as a tracer for in situ NMR spectroscopy of hydrogenation reactions.

It is demonstrated that the xenon chemical shift, observed in the porous space of Pt-containing alumina pellets, can be used to monitor the temperature changes under rapidly progressing, nonsteady-state conditions during start-up of the catalytic reaction.

Standard proton MR imaging was successfully applied to provide in situ evaluation of conversion for the catalyst used in this work.
The Coregonus lavaretus (Linnaeus, 1758) complex is a morphologically and genetically diverse group of whitefish. Its taxonomic structure has been controversial for almost a century. At least 25 forms of C. lavaretus have been described in Siberia, but there is still no consensus on their intraspecific structure and taxonomy. Coregonus lavaretus pidschian (Gmelin, 1789) was described as a subspecies of C. lavaretus. Recently, it was assumed that this subspecies is also a complex. The purpose of this study was to compare the distributions of pidschian-like whitefish haplotypes in two basins of large Siberian rivers, Yenisei and Lena, and to assess the gene flow between basins of these rivers, which were connected after the last glaciation. The sequence of the following mitochondrial DNA genes, 16S rRNA (partial), tRNA-Leu (full), NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (full), tRNA-Ile (full), and tRNA-Gln (partial), were used for the inference of intraspecific genetic structure of C. l. pidschian. Whitefish haplotypes were clustered into two groups according to their distribution between two large Siberian river basins; however, there were shared haplotypes indicating events of migration and hybridization, which could occur when Bolshoi Yenisei and Lena river systems were connected after the last glaciation (the Late Pleistocene).
Lagrangian particle tracking Shake-the-box (STB) method (Schanz et al., 2016) acquires the 3D positions of tracer particles from the temporal sequences of their 2D projection images even for rather high seeding densities. Approximation of tracks by analytical functions (Gesemann, 2015) provides an accurate evaluation of tracers' local velocity and acceleration.

The present paper describes a grid-free least-squares method for the gradients and pressure evaluation based on irregularly scattered LPT data with random noise minimization.

This data, which is obtained on non-regular grid, can be used to estimate local pressure fluctuations based on the Navier-Stokes equation.
This Letter describes plasma discharges with a high temperature of bulk electrons in the axially symmetric high-mirror-ratio (R=35) open magnetic system gas dynamic trap (GDT) in the Budker Institute (Novosibirsk). According to Thomson scattering measurements, the on-axis electron temperature averaged over a number of sequential shots is 660±50 eV with the plasma density being 0.7×10^{19} m^{-3}; in few shots, electron temperature exceeds 900 eV. This corresponds to at least a threefold increase with respect to previous experiments both at GDT and at other comparable machines, thus, demonstrating the highest quasistationary (about 1 ms) electron temperature achieved in open traps. The breakthrough is made possible by application of a new 0.7 MW/54.5 GHz electron cyclotron resonance heating system in addition to standard 5 MW heating by neutral beams, and application of a radial electric field to mitigate the flute instability.
We perform Large-eddy simulations (LES) of an annular swirling turbulent jet. The swirl parameter is considered within the range S = 0.3−0.6. The Reynolds number based on the bulk velocity and outer pipe diameter is 8900 while the outer to inner diameter ratio is 2. We obtain different flow regimes without and with the vortex breakdown occurring for S = 0.4. Coherent vortical structures for each regime are indentified using the azimuthal Fourier decomposition and the Proper orthogonal decomposition (POD).

The turbulent kinetic energy accumulates in the first POD modes with the azimuthal number m = 1.
Fossil record of Earth describing the last 500 million years is characterized by evolution discontinuity as well as recurring global extinctions of some species and their replacement by new types, the causes of which are still debate. We developed a model of evolutionary self-development of a large ecosystem. This model of biota evolution based on the universal laws of living systems functioning: reproduction, dependence of reproduction efficiency and mortality on biota density, mutational variability in the process of reproduction and selection of the most adapted individuals. We have shown that global extinctions and phases of rapid growth and biodiversity stasis can be a reflection of the emergence of bistability in a self-organizing system, which is the Earth’s biota. Bistability was found to be characteristic only for ecosystems with predominant sexual reproduction. The reason for the transition from one state to another is the selection of the most adapted individuals. That is, we explain the characteristics of the Earth’s fossil record during the last 500 million years by the internal laws of Earth’s ecosystem functioning, which appeared at a certain stage of evolution as a result of the emergence of life forms with an increased adaptive diversification associated with sexual dimorphism.
Self-Organizing Maps 124GeomRandom (Nechaeva, 2009) packages and tested on a number of physical domains.

In order to support this alternative approach to mesh generation, a Theorem of Correspondence is proved, that states that goals of traditional PDE approach to construction of adaptive meshes from the considered class are equivalent to the goals of learning for Self Organizing Maps.

The obtained results showed that the neural network approach provides us a highly parallelizable technique (Nechaeva, 2005) for automatic construction of qualitative adaptive meshes and possesses the following properties: (1) due to the self organizing principles the algorithm transforms the mesh automatically, starting with arbitrary initial nodes positions, and does not require to fix the boundary nodes beforehand;(2) stochastic nature of the algorithm enables us to illuminate any limitations on the mesh density function; (3) internal parallelism of the method allows us to parallelize the mesh construction process, taking into account the requirements on the parallel implementation of a problem to be solved on the mesh; (4) the method uses the same algorithms for different dimensionalities of a physical domain that proves the universality of the proposed method.
Topological insulators interacting with magnetic impurities have been reported to host several unconventional effects. These phenomena are described within the framework of gapping Dirac quasiparticles due to broken time-reversal symmetry. However, the overwhelming majority of studies demonstrate the presence of a finite density of states near the Dirac point even once Topological insulators become magnetic.

Here, we map the response of topological states to magnetic impurities at the atomic scale.

We demonstrate that magnetic order and gapless states can coexist. We show how this is the result of the delicate balance between two opposite trends, i.e. gap opening and emergence of a Dirac node impurity band, both induced by the magnetic dopants. Our results evidence a more intricate and rich scenario with respect to the once generally assumed, showing how different electronic and magnetic states may be generated and controlled in this fascinating class of materials.
Db/db mice (carrying a mutation in the gene encoding leptin receptor) show autophagy suppression. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of autophagy inducer trehalose on liver and heart autophagy in db/db mice and to study inflammation dysregulation and the suitability of chitinases' expression levels as diabetes markers. Thirty-eight male db/db mice and C57/BL mice (control) were used. The db/db model manifested inflammation symptoms: overexpression of TNF-α in the spleen and underexpression of IL-10 in the liver and spleen (cytokine imbalance). Simultaneously, we revealed decreased expression of chitotriosidase (CHIT1) and acid mammalian chitinase (CHIA) in the liver of db/db mice. CHIA expression in db/db mice is significantly lower only in the spleen. Trehalose treatment significantly reduced blood glucose concentration and glycated hemoglobin. Treatment of db/db mice by trehalose was followed by increased autophagy induction in the heart and liver (increased autolysosomes volume density studied by morphometric electron-microscopic method). Trehalose exerted beneficial cardiac effects possibly via increased lipophagy (uptake of lipid droplets). The autophagy activation by trehalose had several positive effects on the heart and liver of db/db mice; therefore, lipophagy activation seems to be a promising therapy for diabetes.
This work is devoted to the phenomenon of levitation of liquid microdroplets above hot liquid interfaces.

The droplets levitate due to air-vapour upward flow from the liquid surface and grow in time due to condensation.

It was found that the diameter of droplets linearly increases with time. The maximum possible and minimum possible droplet sizes were measured depending on the substrate temperature.
For every variety of algebras over a field, there is a natural definition of a corresponding variety of dialgebras (Loday-type algebras). In particular, Lie dialgebras are equivalent to Leibniz algebras. We use an approach based on the notion of an operad to study the problem of finding special identities for dialgebras. It is proved that all polylinear special identities for dialgebras can be obtained from special identities for corresponding algebras by means of a simple procedure. A particular case of this result confirms the conjecture by Bremner, Felipe, and Sánchez-Ortega [M.R. Bremner, R. Felipe, and J. Sánchez-Ortega, Jordan triple disystems, Comput. Math. Appl. 63 (2012), pp. 1039–1055].
Heat exchangers used in heating systems usually operate under conditions of variable flow rates and temperatures of heat carriers. However, the theory for calculating the variable modes of operation of such devices is based on the use of constant parameters of heat exchangers. At the same time it is clear that the parameter of the heat exchanger can be affected by all quantities that determine the change of the heat transfer coefficient. In addition, the groups of heat exchangers with a tied supply of heat, i.e. with redistribution of the heat flow in a variable mode of operation, are used. A new method for calculating the variable modes of operation of heat points with a tied heat supply has been developed. The method of mathematical modeling defines the dependencies that determine the change in the heat exchanger parameters in variable operating modes. The obtained expressions can be used to configure programmable regulators which will allow the correction of inefficient modes of operation of the heating system.
The $e^+ e^- \to K^0_{S}K^0_{L}$ cross section has been measured in the center-of-mass energy range 1004--1060 MeV at 25 energy points using $6.1 \times 10^5$ events with $K^0_{S}\to π^+π^-$ decay. The analysis is based on 5.9 pb$^{-1}$ of an integrated luminosity collected with the CMD-3 detector at the VEPP-2000 $e^+ e^-$ collider. To obtain $ϕ(1020)$ meson parameters the measured cross section is approximated according to the Vector Meson Dominance model as a sum of the $ρ, ω, ϕ$-like amplitudes and their excitations. This is the most precise measurement of the $e^+ e^- \to K^0_{S}K^0_{L}$ cross section with a 1.8\% systematic uncertainty.
Replenishment of mineral resources, especially gold and rare metals, is critical for progress in the mining and metallurgical industry of Eastern Kazakhstan. To substantiate the scientific background for mineral exploration, we study microinclusions in minerals from gold and rare-metal fields, as well as trace-element patterns in ores and their hosts that may mark gold and rare-metal mineralization. The revealed compositions of gold-bearing sulfide ores and a number of typical minerals (magnetite, goethite, arsenopyrite, antimonite, gold and silver) and elements (Fe, Mn, Cu, Pb, Zn, As, and Sb) can serve as exploration guides. The analyzed samples contain rare micrometer lead (alamosite, kentrolite, melanotekite, cotunnite) and nickel (bunsenite, trevorite, gersdorffite) phases and accessory cassiterite, wolframite, scheelite, and microlite. The ores bear native gold (with Ag and Pt impurities) amenable to concentration by gravity and flotation methods. Multistage rare-metal pegmatite mineralization can be predicted from the presence of mineral assemblages including cleavelandite, muscovite, lepidolite, spodumene, pollucite, tantalite, microlite, etc. and such elements as Ta, Nb, Be, Li, Cs, and Sn. Pegmatite veins bear diverse Ta minerals (columbite, tantalite-columbite, manganotantalite, ixiolite, and microlite) that accumulated rare metals late during the evolution of the pegmatite magmatic system. The discovered mineralogical and geochemical criteria are useful for exploration purposes.
To determine the gender differentiation and dynamics for 22 years of psychosocial factors (PSF) of the risk of cardiovascular disease among the population aged 25-64 years in Russia / Siberia (Novosibirsk).

Representative samples of the population of the city of Novosibirsk under the program of the World Health Organization "MONICA-MOPSY" in 1994-1995 were examined. III screening (men - 657, women - 870, 25-64 years old); IV screening project HAPIEE in 2003-2005 (men - 576, women - 1074, 45-64 years old) and V screening in 2013-2016. (men - 427, women - 548, 25-44 years old). We used Spielberger tests, MONICA-MOPSY tests, the Breckman - Sim test, the "Knowledge and attitude to your health" questionnaire.

In an open population of 25-64 years old, high levels of anxiety (T), depression (D), life exhaustion (LM), and hostility (B) were higher in women than in men. In the group of 55-64 years over 10 years, women have increased personality T, decreased D and LM. Over 22 years, in the group of 25-34 years, men and women decreased T and MI, but D and B increased, while women decreased T, LM and B and D. grew. Low and high close contact indices were higher among men. A low index of social ties prevailed in men, and a high index in women. High levels of stress in the family were more common in women, and at work - in men. For 10 years, the level of stress in the family and at work in men has decreased. Sleep disorders in the population in all age groups were more often in women. It was found that women have significantly higher PSF than men, with the exception of stress at work. The decrease in PSF in women and men in the dynamics
Recent Belle results on various hadronic transitions among bottomonia are presented. We observe transitions with the η and η′ meson at the ϒ(4 S ). Bottomonium production together with the η meson is also reported at the ϒ(10860). We study π + π − π 0 transitions at the ϒ(10860) and ϒ(11020).
Background Drosophila Merlin, the homolog of the human Neurofibromatosis 2 ( NF2 ) gene, is important for the regulation of cell proliferation and receptor endocytosis. Male flies carrying a Mer 3 allele, a missense mutation (Met 177 →Ile) in the Merlin gene, are viable but sterile; however, the cause of sterility is unknown. Results Testis examination reveals that hemizygous Mer 3 mutant males have small seminal vesicles that contain only a few immotile sperm. By cytological and electron microscopy analyses of the Mer 3 , Mer 4 (Gln 170 →stop), and control testes at various stages of spermatogenesis, we show that Merlin mutations affect meiotic cytokinesis of spermatocytes, cyst polarization and nuclear shaping during spermatid elongation, and spermatid individualization. We also demonstrate that the lethality and sterility phenotype of the Mer 4 mutant is rescued by the introduction of a wild-type Merlin gene. Immunostaining demonstrates that the Merlin protein is redistributed to the area associated with the microtubules of the central spindle in telophase and its staining is less in the region of the contractile ring during meiotic cytokinesis. At the onion stage, Merlin is concentrated in the Nebenkern of spermatids, and this mitochondrial localization is maintained throughout sperm formation. Also, Merlin exhibits punctate staining in the acrosomal region of mature sperm. Conclusion Merlin mutations affect spermatogenesis at multiple stages. The Merlin protein is dynamically redistributed during meiosis of spermatocytes and is concentrated in the Nebenkern of spermatids. Our results demonstrated for the first time the mitochondrial localization of Merlin and suggest that Merlin may play a role in mitochondria formation and function during spermatogenesis.
Pathogenetic mechanisms of Scheuermann's disease development are presented basing of previously obtained data on genetic dependence of this pathology.

Growth plates, intervertebral discs, vertebral body tissue (surgical material) from 25 patients of 12–14 years old with Scheuermann's disease of Grade II–III were examined. In-depth morphohystochemical, biochemical, and ultrastructural analyses were used to study glycosaminoglycans, oxidation-reduction enzymes, alkaline and acid phosphatase, RNA, DNA, and qualitative and quantitative composition of glycosaminoglycans.

The starter of the spine kyphotic deformity is a disturbance of proteoglycan molecule synthesis and conformation in ventral growth plates of vertebral bodies. The structural change in proteoglycans, which perform barrier-trophic, informational, and antiinvasive functions results in a decreased mitotic and proliferative activity of chondroblasts. The spine kyphotic deformity develops in association with an active osteogenesis.
Получены двусторонние неравенства для среднего времени выхода из интервала для случайного блуждания с нулевым и отрицательным сносом. Библиография: 13 наименований.
In December 2019, the first cases of pneumonia of unknown etiology were found in Wuhan (China). Later, the pneumonia was associated with a new coronavirus; in February 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) gave the name COVID-19 to the new disease, while the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) gave the name SARS-CoV-2 to the virus causing it.

By March 11, 2020, when the virus had spread to 114 countries, the number of diagnosed patients had reached 118 thousand and the number of deaths was 4000, the WHO declared the outbreak of the disease a pandemic.

In this review, we summarize the relevant information about the origin and spread of SARS-CoV-2, its epidemiology and diagnostics, and the clinical course and treatment of COVID-19.
MiRNAs of blood and urine have been shown to represent a convenient source of biomarkers for prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis and assessment of the therapy effectiveness due to their high stability and representation and the low invasiveness of sample collection. Here, we studied the influence of radical prostatectomy (RP) on the expression of 12 cell-free miRNAs previously shown as potential markers of PCa (i.e., miR-19b, miR-22, miR-92a, miR-378, miR-425, miR-30e, miR-31, miR-125b, miR-200b, miR-205, miR-375 and miR-660). The relative expression of the miRNAs combined into 31 paired ratios was evaluated in the urine extracellular vesicles (EVs), clarified urine (CU) and blood plasma of healthy donors, pre- and post-RP samples of PCa patients. Nineteen miRNA ratios based on combinations of ten of the miRNAs (miR-19b, miR-30e, miR-31, miR-125b, miR-200b, miR-205, miR-375, miR-378, miR-425, and miR-660) were altered by RP. The comparative expression analysis of the cell-free miRNA ratios between healthy donors and PCa patients revealed miR-125b/miR-30e and miR-375/miR-30e as potential markers for evaluating therapeutic efficacy. MiR-378/miR-19b, miR-425/miR-19b, miR-200/miR-30e, miR-660/miR-30e, and miR-205/miR-30e had minor prognostic value but could be used to increase the steadiness of the diagnostic system. The urine EVs had the highest potential as a source of markers.