Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
The system for insertion of a laser beam into the vacuum chamber of high-energy storage ring is described. The main part of the system is the high-vacuum viewport for the IR radiation, based on ZnSe or GaAs crystals. The design of the viewports is presented.
The article examines the issue of the basis and such conditions of pre-contractual liability of a medical organization, such as wrongfulness and guilt. As a result of the analysis, it is concluded that the guilt and unlawfulness of a medical organization, when it is brought to pre-contractual liability, are supplemented by a condition of bad faith, which may complement guilt or wrongfulness or not be applied at all. In cases where the norms of the law are violated, an additional characterization of the behavior of a medical organization as unfair is not required.
We obtain asymptotic accuracy of the poissonisation in the innite occupancy scheme.

Some of the results are obtained for integervalued random variables having a regularly varying distribution.
The Russian fox-farm experiment is an unusually long-running and well-controlled study designed to replicate wolf-to-dog domestication. As such, it offers an unprecedented window onto the neural mechanisms governing the evolution of behavior. Here we report adaptations to gray matter morphology resulting from selection for tameness vs. aggressive response toward humans. Contrasting with prior work in other domesticated species, tame foxes did not show reduced brain volume. Rather, gray matter volume in both the tame and aggressive strains was increased relative to foxes bred without selection on behavior. Furthermore, tame- and aggressive-enlarged regions overlapped substantially, including portions of motor, somatosensory, and prefrontal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, and cerebellum. We also observed differential morphological covariation across distributed gray matter networks. In one prefrontal-hypothalamic network, this covariation differentiated the tame and aggressive foxes together from the conventional strain. These findings indicate that selection for opposite behaviors can influence brain morphology in a similar way.
Aggressiveness is a hereditary behavioral pattern that forms a social hierarchy and affects the individual social rank and accordingly quality and duration of life. Thus, genome-wide studies of human aggressiveness are important. Nonetheless, the aggressiveness-related genome-wide studies have been conducted on animals rather than humans. Recently, in our genome-wide study, we uncovered natural selection against underexpression of human aggressiveness-related genes and proved it using F1 hybrid mice. Simultaneously, this natural selection equally supports two opposing traits in humans (dominance and subordination) as if self-domestication could have happened with its disruptive natural selection.

Because there is still not enough scientific evidence that this could happen, here, we verified this natural selection pattern using quantitative PCR and two outbred rat lines (70 generations of artificial selection for aggressiveness or tameness, hereinafter: domestication). We chose seven genes-Cacna2d3, Gad2, Gria2, Mapk1, Nos1, Pomc, and Syn1-over- or underexpression of which corresponds to aggressive or domesticated behavior (in humans or mice) that has the same direction as natural selection. Comparing aggressive male rats with domesticated ones, we found that these genes are overexpressed statistically significantly in the hypothalamus (as a universal behavior regulator), not in the periaqueductal gray, where there was no aggressiveness-related expression of the genes in males.

Database STRING showed statistically significant associations of the human genes homologous to these rat genes with long-term depression, circadian entrainment, Alzheimer's disease, and the central nervous system disorders during chronic IL-6 overexpression. This finding more likely supports positive perspectives of further studies on self-domestication syndromes.
Triarylmethyl (TAM) radicals are widely used in Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy as spin labels and in EPR imaging as spin probes for in vivo oxymetry. One of the key advantages of TAMs is extremely narrow EPR line, especially in case of deuterated analogues (~5 μT). Another advantage is their slow spin relaxation even at physiological temperatures allowing, in particular, application of pulsed dipolar EPR methods for distance measurements in biomolecules. In this paper a large series of TAM radicals and their deuterated analogues is synthesized, and corresponding spectroscopic parameters including 13C hyperfine constants are obtained for the first time. The negligible dependence of 13C hyperfine constants on solvent, as well as on structure and number of substituents at para-C atoms of aromatic rings, has been found. In addition, we have demonstrated that 13C signals at natural abundance can be employed for successful room-temperature distance measurements using Pulsed Electron Double Resonance (PELDOR or DEER).
Оценка влияния крупных инфраструктурных проектов на развитие регионов

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A comparison is made of elemental analyses of sediment samples (lake bottom sediments and sediments from the petroliferous Bazhenovka Formation) by five competitive methods (synchrotron radiation X‐ray fluorescence (SR‐XRF), INAA, ICP‐MS, AAS and traditional XRF). The object of this study was to identify the most suitable analytical techniques for applications in sedimentary geochemistry. Advantages and shortcomings of the five techniques were considered with respect to applications related to studies of palaeo‐climate changes recorded in sedimentary cores from Lake Baikal and the geochemical stratigraphy of the Bazhenovka Formation, which is rich in organic material. We have concluded that SR‐XRF was the best technique for producing extensive analytical data series, from the point of view of its speed, ease of application, cost, non‐destructive nature and sensitivity, which allowed for the simultaneous determination of more than twenty elements of geochemical interest in small samples of sediments. An additional benefit of the method was demonstrated when used for the independent certification of geological reference materials. International reference samples BIL‐1 and SDO‐1 were certified by means of this method without use of reference materials. Analyses were based on the physics of the theory of energy transport.
To examine the imprinted Dlk1-Dio3 locus in pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) cell/fibroblast hybrid cells.Gtl2, Rian, and Mirg mRNA expression in mouse pluripotent ES cell/fibroblast hybrid cells was examined by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Pyrosequencing and bisulfate sequencing were used to determine the DNA methylation level of the Dlk1-Dio3 locus imprinting control region.The selected hybrid clones had a near-tetraploid karyotype and were highly pluripotent judging from their capacity to generate chimeric embryos and adult chimeras. Our data clearly demonstrate that Gtl2, Rian, and Mirg, which are imprinted genes within the Dlk1-Dio3 locus, are active in all examined ES cell/fibroblast hybrid clones. In spite of interclonal variability, the expression of the imprinted genes is comparable to that of ES cells and fibroblasts. Quantitative analysis of the DNA methylation status of the intergenic differentially methylated region (IG DMR) within the Dlk1-Dio3 locus by pyrosequencing and bisulfite sequencing clearly showed that the DNA methylation status of the imprinted region in the tested hybrid clones was comparable to that of both ES cells and fibroblasts.Reprogramming process in a hybrid cell system is achieved without marked alteration of the imprinted Dlk1-Dio3 locus.
Pronounced thermochromism of copper(ii)–nitroxide based molecular magnets is explained.
Diamond is a material of immense technological importance and an ancient signifier for wealth and societal status. In geology, diamond forms as part of the deep carbon cycle and typically displays a highly ordered cubic crystal structure. Impact diamonds, however, often exhibit structural disorder in the form of complex combinations of cubic and hexagonal stacking motifs. The structural characterization of such diamonds remains a challenge.

Here, impact diamonds from the Popigai crater were characterized with a range of techniques. Using the MCDIFFaX approach for analysing X-ray diffraction data, hexagonality indices up to 40% were found. The effects of increasing amounts of hexagonal stacking on the Raman spectra of diamond were investigated computationally and found to be in excellent agreement with trends in the experimental spectra. Electron microscopy revealed nanoscale twinning within the cubic diamond structure.

Our analyses lead us to propose a systematic protocol for assigning specific hexagonality attributes to the mineral designated as lonsdaleite among natural and synthetic samples.
We descibed all alternative algebras with invertible derivations (the analogue of Bergen-Herstein-Lanski's Theorem)

and proved the analogue of Moens's Theorem.
We study nonlinear self-imaging dynamics in graded-index multimode optical fibers. Side-scattering of light that accompanies the propagation of intense femtosecond pulses permits us to directly measure the self-imaging period.
The in vitro binding of 2000‐fold purified rat liver glucocorticoid—receptor complexes to functionally differing homologous DNA fractions has been studied. The effectiveness of receptor binding to the transcriptionally active DNA, isolated from rat liver 4 h after cortisol administration, increased by 1.6–1.8‐fold with simultaneous reduction in receptor affinity for the hardly extractable DNA fraction. The analogous DNA fractions from control animals did not differ in ability to bind the receptor. This suggests that sites of high affinity for the receptor are directly involved in the in vivo process of hormonal transcription activation.
Real-time or quantitative loop-mediated isothermal amplification (qLAMP) is a promising technique for the accurate detection of pathogens in organisms and the environment.

Here we present a comparative study of the performance of six fluorescent intercalating dyes—SYTO-9, SYTO-13, SYTO-82, SYBR Green I, SYBR Gold, EvaGreen—in three different qLAMP model systems. SYTO-9 and SYTO-82, which had the best results, were used for additional enzyme and template titration studies.

SYTO-82 demonstrated the best combination of time-to-threshold (Tt) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).
This article presents the results of study of an Early Bronze ivory figurine from Tourist-2, using 3D-scanning with various technical parameters. The aim of the study was to test the new non-invasive methods of structured light 3D-scanning, with an accurate assessment of morphometric characteristics. In addition, use-wear analysis was employed to evaluate the previously unknown features relating to function. As a result, the original appearance of the figurine, the manufacturing technique, and iconographic characteristics were reconstructed. A series of transverse sections and the evaluation of the center of mass, combined with previously known features, suggest that the figurine was a personal ornament sewn onto clothing. For comparison, two flat anthropomorphic sculptures (a buckle made of burl, and a shale figurine) from the same burial complex were analyzed. Longitudinal sections suggest that, despite morphological and technological differences and the fact that various raw materials had been used, the iconographic style of all items is one and the same.
Based on the generalized Cayley transform

a family of conservative one-step schemes of the sixth order of accuracy for the Zakharov-Shabat system is constructed. The exponential integrator is a special case. Schemes based on rational approximation

allow the use of fast algorithms to solve the initial problem for a large number of values of the spectral parameter.
Interpretation of CP violation measurements using charmonium decays, in both the ¯¯¯B0 and ¯¯¯B0s systems, can be subject to changes due to "penguin" type diagrams. These effects can be investigated using measurements of the Cabibbo-suppressed ¯¯¯B0→J/ψπ+π− decays. The final state composition of this channel is investigated using a 1.0 fb−1 sample of data produced in 7 TeV pp collisions at the LHC and collected by the LHCb experiment. A modified Dalitz-plot analysis is performed using both the invariant mass spectra and the decay angular distributions. An improved measurement of the ¯¯¯B0→J/ψπ+π− branching fraction of (3.97±0.09±0.11±0.16)×10−5 is reported where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second is systematic, and the third is due to the uncertainty of the branching fraction of the decay B−→J/ψK− used as a normalization channel. Significant production of f0(500) and ρ(770) resonances is found in the substructure of the J/ψπ+π− final state, and this indicates that they are viable final states for CP violation studies. In contrast evidence for the f0(980) resonance is not found. This allows us to establish the first upper limit on the branching fraction product B(¯¯¯B0→J/ψf0(980))×B(f0(980)→π+π−)<1.1×10−6, leading to an upper limit on the absolute value of the mixing angle of the f0(980) with the f0(500) of less than 31°, both at 90% confidence level.10 MoreReceived 22 January 2013DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.87.052001This article is available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.© 2013 CERN, for the LHCb Collaboration
This review is devoted to a brief discussion of the book 'Rock Art in East Asia', published in 2019. The general structure of the book is presented. The review reveals principles of preparing and summarizing data on the rock art of the regions comprising East and South-East Asia, set forth by the editors of the volume.

The high quality of the work based on this approach concerning singular sites such as those in Korea, Japan and the Russian Far East is noted. At the same time, a critical analysis of the book's shortcomings caused by the chosen scheme of description of the material when an attempt to describe a region rich in rock art sites inevitably leads to hasty tongue twisters, is given. For example, some chapters have minimum References or none at all.

In summary, the reviewed book is a useful reference edition, though descriptions of certain sites or groups of sites from the regions of Mongolia and China adjacent to Central and South-East Asia, rich in rock art given in it should be treated with extreme caution.
The Green–Naghdi system is used to model highly nonlinear weakly dispersive waves propagating at the surface of a shallow layer of a perfect fluid. The system has three associated conservation laws which describe the conservation of mass, momentum, and energy due to the surface wave motion. In addition, the system features a fourth conservation law which is the main focus of this note. It will be shown how this fourth conservation law can be interpreted in terms of a concrete kinematic quantity connected to the evolution of the tangent velocity at the free surface. The equation for the tangent velocity is first derived for the full Euler equations in both two and three dimensional flows, and in both cases, it gives rise to an approximate balance law in the Green–Naghdi theory which turns out to be identical to the fourth conservation law for this system. It is also shown that the conservation equation for the tangent velocity at the free surface appears as an endpoint case of a more general conservation equation for tangent velocities along material surfaces in the body of the fluid.
The potential of K[P3C2R2] (R = (t)Bu, Mes) as building blocks in metallo-supramolecular chemistry was investigated and self-assembly processes with Cu(i) halides resulted in the formation of a large variety of unprecedented one-, two- and even three-dimensional aggregates. The 3D networks showed an interesting topological similarity to allotropes of carbon: diamond and the theoretically proposed polybenzene. Furthermore, the negative charge of the phospholyl ligand favoured the generation of cationic CuaXb (a > b, X = Cl, Br, I) assemblies, a challenging area within the well-studied coordination chemistry of CuX units. In addition, the 1D strands were also characterized in solution, revealing the presence of oligomeric units.
Study on mass transfer in cells under different factors is of great significance for improving the output capacity of direct methanol fuel cells.

The influence of flow-field orientations on mass transfer in anode interdigitated channels of a liquid-feed direct methanol fuel cell is experimentally studied. The cell is at an angle of 30°, 60°, and 90° in the clockwise and counterclockwise direction, and characteristics of carbon dioxide bubbles and methanol solution flow are observed since the two-phase flow is directly related to the supply of reactants and discharge of products.

Results show that the velocities of the carbon dioxide bubbles decrease as the channel rotates closer to the horizontal direction. The voltage decreases as the rotation angles increase.
Results from different facilities for plasma-surface interaction (PSI) studies are compared and their relevance to each other and conditions of ITER transient events are discussed. For PSI studies different types of devices were used including open traps, tokamaks, linear plasma machines including quasi-stationary plasma accelerators, electron beams and lasers.

The same damage thresholds were demonstrated with different techniques. At energy loads corresponding to ITER transient events (edge localized modes (ELMs), disruptions, etc.) only macroscopic erosion mechanisms are important. They are cracking, droplet formation and macroscopic mass losses of the target.

Cracking occurs during cooling stage after irradiations. Details of plasma stream parameters are of secondary importance for cracks formation; only target temperature plays a role. Macroscopic mass losses strongly correspond with melting of a thin surface layer and heat loads play a key role for melting. Heat flux defines the targets surface erosion.
In the article on the basis of the cluster, 20 oil and gas regions of Russia are allocated for which the level of pipeline provision is calculated.

The group with a low level of transport security included mainly the regions of Eastern Siberia and the Far East.

On the example of the ESPO and the 'Power of Siberia' it is shown that the construction of pipelines favorably affects the socio-economic development of regions along the routes.
The commutation characteristics of TPI-type pseudospark switches, depending on the parameters of trigger circuits, are studied. An influence of the trigger pulse rise time on the pseudosparks time jitter is explored. It has been shown that the pseudospark switches can be triggered on a pre-ionization electrode with a cathode and a grid, simultaneously grounded. The double and the triple gapped deuterium and hydrogen switches were explored. The time jitter values of 1-2 ns on the deuterium switches triggered on the pre-ionization electrode have been achieved.
The analysis of factors affecting economic growth in different countries is fundamental for forecasting and strategic development of the economy. The increasing dependence of the world economy on the volatile conjuncture of world energy markets exacerbates the discussion about the role of resource dependence in economic development. At the same time, sustainable development is one of the priority goals in development models of many countries.

To achieve the purpose of the study a panel data analysis method was used. The sample consists of 41 countries, which are the net exporters of hydrocarbons, for the period 1990–2018. Countries are classified by macro-regions.

The authors confirmed that the influence of resource dependence factors is not significant for some hydrocarbons exporting countries. However, the growth of the economy of most countries is significantly dependent on factors of sustainable growth. Resource-dependent countries need diversification of their economies and government revenues. Given the trends of low-carbon development and improvement of climate policies, the accelerated dynamics of the development of 'green' energy is essential.
The stratifi ed site of Obishir-5 is one of the most important Final Pleistocene to Early Holocene sites in western Central Asia.

In the Early Holocene component (10,700–8200 cal BP) of this site (layers 2 and 3), we discovered one of the oldest and largest assemblages of soft stone ornaments known from the region. It includes 5 items: three oval, sub-triangular, and sub-rectangular pendants, one“labret”-like ornament, and one ornament blank. All specimens come from stratifi ed and well-dated contexts. As a result of the petrographic, experimental, use-wear, and technological analysis, we reconstructed the chaîne opératoire of these artifacts. To produce them, local raw materials (talcite and serpentinite) were transported from a source located 4.5 km away from the site. Small pebbles, shatters, and spalls split from nodules were used as blanks. The surface of the blank was fi rst prepared using grinders and burins, then biconical drilling and polishing were used to fi nish the artifact.

Our results point to an established tradition of personal ornament production from soft stone in western Central Asia during the Early Holocene. Comparison of these nonutilitarian artifacts with those from other Final Pleistocene to Early Holocene archaeological complexes across Central Asia, the Middle East, and the Near East suggests that personal ornament manufacture may be an important hallmark of social developments across a broad geographic region.
Using the original approach that utilizes statistical thermodynamic theory that has been developed in our group the phase p-T diagram and hydrate phase composition have been calculated for “CO 2 + H 2 + H 2 O”. Depending on the CO 2 content in the gas phase two hydrates types can be formed: CS-I and CS-II. It has been found that increasing CO 2 content in the gas phase drastically reduces hydrate formation pressure and in the same time reduces hydrogen uptake by the hydrate. While pure H 2 hydrates have CS-II structure, addition of more than 2 mol.% of CO 2 into the gas phase makes CS-I hydrate structure more stable, that displays worse maximum hydrogen content. These results could be helpful for practical use of hydrates for efficient CO 2 utilization and H 2 transportation.