Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Heteroatom doping is a widely used method for the modification of the electronic and chemical properties of graphene. A low-pressure chemical vapor deposition technique (CVD) is used here to grow pure, nitrogen-doped and phosphorous-doped few-layer graphene films from methane, acetonitrile and methane-phosphine mixture, respectively. The electronic structure of the films transferred onto SiO2/Si wafers by wet etching of copper substrates is studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy using a synchrotron radiation source. Annealing in an ultra-high vacuum at ca. 773 K allows for the removal of impurities formed on the surface of films during the synthesis and transfer procedure and changes the chemical state of nitrogen in nitrogen-doped graphene. Core level XPS spectra detect a low n-type doping of graphene film when nitrogen or phosphorous atoms are incorporated in the lattice. The electrical sheet resistance increases in the order: graphene < P-graphene < N-graphene. This tendency is related to the density of defects evaluated from the ratio of intensities of Raman peaks, valence band XPS and NEXAFS spectroscopy data.
Gymnures are an ancient group of small insectivorous mammals and are characterized by a controversial taxonomic status and the lack of a description of karyotypes for certain species.

In this study, conventional cytogenetic techniques (Giemsa, CBG- and GTG-banding, Ag-NOR), CMA3-DAPI staining, and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with telomeric DNA probes were used to examine for the first time the karyotypes of lesser gymnures of group Hylomyssuillus Müller, 1840 from northern and southern Vietnam. All studied specimens had karyotypes with 2n=48, NFa=64. C-positive heterochromatic blocks existed in centromeric regions of 7 bi-armed autosomes and the submetacentric X chromosome. The Y chromosome is a C-positive and dot-like. The nucleolus organizer regions resided terminally on the short arms of 2 small bi-armed pairs. Positive signals at the telomeres of all chromosomes were revealed by FISH. CMA3-positive blocks were localized on the telomeric and pericentric regions of most bi-armed and acrocentric chromosomes.

Despite the large genetic distances between Hylomys Müller, 1840, lesser gymnures from H.suillus-group from northern and southern Vietnam have similar karyotypic characteristics.
Endonuclease III (Endo III or Nth) is one of the key enzymes responsible for initiating the base excision repair of oxidized or reduced pyrimidine bases in DNA. In this study, a thermodynamic analysis of structural rearrangements of the specific and nonspecific DNA-duplexes during their interaction with Endo III is performed based on stopped-flow kinetic data. 1,3-diaza-2-oxophenoxazine (tCO), a fluorescent analog of the natural nucleobase cytosine, is used to record multistep DNA binding and lesion recognition within a temperature range (5–37 °C). Standard Gibbs energy, enthalpy, and entropy of the specific steps are derived from kinetic data using Van’t Hoff plots. The data suggest that enthalpy-driven exothermic 5,6-dihydrouracil (DHU) recognition and desolvation-accompanied entropy-driven adjustment of the enzyme–substrate complex into a catalytically active state play equally important parts in the overall process. The roles of catalytically significant amino acids Lys120 and Asp138 in the DNA lesion recognition and catalysis are identified. Lys120 participates not only in the catalytic steps but also in the processes of local duplex distortion, whereas substitution Asp138Ala leads to a complete loss of the ability of Endo III to distort a DNA double chain during enzyme–DNA complex formation.
It is known that there are normal plane maps M 5 with minimum degree 5 such that the minimum degree-sum w(S 5 ) of 5-stars at 5-vertices is arbitrarily large. In 1940, Lebesgue showed that if an M 5 has no 4-stars of cyclic type (5, 6, 6, 5) centered at 5-vertices, then w(S 5 ) ≤ 68.

We improve this bound of 68 to 55

and give a construction of a (5, 6, 6, 5)-free M 5 with w(S 5 ) = 48.
The complex process of forming the information society is accompanied by new challenges, demands, public demands, dictating the need to revise the established ideas about the place, role and functions of participants of information communications. Socio-cultural transformations of the early XXI century foreground the problem of book and other mass media partnership in a changing information environment. Formed in the XIX-XX centuries «relative» relations undergo revision in the competition for readers (information consumers). New channels and means of information transmission displace the traditional media in the information services market and create new conditions affecting the public consciousness. Scientific discussions on these issues facilitate an exchange of views and reflection on new approaches to the analysis of emerging contradictions.
Temporal changes of seismic velocities may provide important information on the processes that occur inside the Earth. However, using body wave data with passive sources faces the problem of an uneven distribution of rays, which may cause artifacts with stronger amplitudes than the actual velocity changes in the Earth.

We propose an algorithm for the selection of similar data sets in different time periods that minimize the artifacts related to variable data distributions. In this study, we used the data of the Japan Meteorological Agency for several years before and after the M w 9.0 Tohoku‐Oki event that occurred on 11 March 2011. We performed careful testing using different synthetic models, showing that the selected data subsets allow detecting weak velocity changes with amplitudes above 0.2%.

The analysis of the experimental data revealed important features associated with the stress and deformation distributions after the megathrust event. In the upper crust, we found a large zone along the coast with significant P velocity increase likely caused by compression of crustal rocks. This zone was cut by several elongated anomalies with local velocity decrease coinciding with the limits of the maximum slip area. These anomalies possibly mark the areas of major ruptures and deformations after the Tohoku‐Oki earthquake. In the coupling zone at a depth of 40 km, we observe a velocity decrease in the area of the M w 7.7 aftershock representing strong fracturing in the focal zone. Beneath the volcanic arc, we observe significant (up to 0.5%) decrease of P velocity but less prominent S velocity changes.
In this paper we consider the palindromic width of free nilpotent groups.

In particular, we prove that the palindromic width of a finitely generated free nilpotent group is finite. We also prove that the palindromic width of a free abelian-by-nilpotent group is finite.
When a fragment of a Drosophila imaginal disc is cultured in growth permissive conditions, it either regenerates the missing structures or duplicates the pattern present in the fragment. This kind of pattern regulation is known to be epimorphic, i.e. the new pattern is generated by proliferation in a specialized tissue called the blastema. Pattern regulation is accompanied by the healing of the cut surfaces restoring the continuous epithelia. Wound healing has been considered to be the inductive signal to commence regenerative cell divisions. Although the general outlines of the proliferation dynamics in a regenerating imaginal disc blastema have been well studied, little is known about the mechanisms driving cells into the regenerative cell cycles.

In this study, we have investigated the role of Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) signaling in the wound healing and regeneration of a Drosophila wing imaginal disc. By utilizing in vivo and in vitro culturing of incised and fragmented discs, we have been able to visualize the dynamics in cellular architecture and gene expression involved in the healing and regeneration process.

Our results directly show that homotypic wound healing is not a prerequisite for regenerative cell divisions. We also show that JNK signaling participates in imaginal disc wound healing and is regulated by the physical dynamics of the process, as well as in recruiting cells into the regenerative cell cycles. A model describing the determination of blastema size is discussed.
Varicose veins of lower extremities (VVs) are a common multifactorial vascular disease. Genetic factors underlying VVs development remain largely unknown.

Here we report the first large-scale study of VVs performed on a freely available genetic data of 408,455 European-ancestry individuals. We identified 7 reliably associated loci that explain 10% of the SNP-based heritability, and prioritized the most likely causal genes CASZ1, PPP3R1, EBF1, STIM2 , and HFE . Genetic correlation analysis confirmed known epidemiological associations and found genetic overlap with various traits including fluid intelligence score, educational attainment, smoking, and pain.

Finally, we observed causal effects of height, weight, both fat and fat-free mass, and plasma levels of MICB and CD209 proteins.
The effective actions for both local and global curved vortices are derived, based on the derivative expansion of the corresponding field theoretic actions of the nonrelativistic Abelian Higgs and Goldstone models. The role of excitations of the modulus and the phase of the scalar field and of the gauge field (the Bogolyubov-Anderson mode) emitted and reabsorbed by vortices is elucidated. In case of the local (gauge) magnetic vortex, they are necessary for cancellation of the long distance divergence when using the transverse form of the electric gauge field strength of the background field. In case of global vortex taking them into account results in the Greiter-Wilczek-Witten form of the effective action for the Goldstone mode. The expressions for transverse Magnus-like force and the vortex effective mass for both local and global vortices are found. The equations of motion of both type of vortices including the terms due to the field excitations are obtained and solved in cases of large and small contour displacements.
The relative rates of B-meson decays into $J/\psi$ and $\psi(2S)$ mesons are measured for the three decay modes in pp collisions recorded with the LHCb detector. The ratios of branching fractions ($\mathcal{B}$) are measured to be $\frac{\mathcal{B}(B^+ \to \psi(2S) K^+)}{\mathcal{B}(B^+ \to J/\psi K^+)} = 0.594 \pm 0.006 (stat) \pm 0.016 (syst) \pm 0.015 (R_{\psi})$, $\frac{\mathcal{B}(B^0 \to \psi(2S) K^{*0})}{\mathcal{B}(B^0 \to J/\psi K^{*0})} = 0.476 \pm 0.014 (stat) \pm 0.010 (syst) \pm 0.012\,(R_{\psi})$, $\frac{\mathcal{B}^{0}_{s}(B^0_s \to \psi(2S)\phi)}{\mathcal{B}(B^0_s \to J/\psi\phi)} = 0.489 \pm 0.026 (stat) \pm 0.021 (syst) \pm 0.012\,(R_{\psi})$ where the third uncertainty is from the ratio of the $\psi(2S)$ and $J/\psi$ branching fractions to $\mu\mu$.
Paraneoplastic syndromes diagnosed in 7–10% of patients with malignancies in general. PNS accompany bronchogenic lung, breast, ovarian, prostate, kidney and uterus cancers most often. Neoplastic process can cause by both the acute and the chronic inflammatory response with pathologic changes of the connective tissues and vascular in various organs and systems. Diagnosis of paraneoplastic syndromes is difficult often.

However, some signs should cause of rheumatologist the oncologic alertness, which were found in patients with rheumatic masks of neoplasms. Among such signs include: the occurrence of rheumatic diseases in an abnormal age; the absence of sexual dimorphism, is typical of many rheumatic diseases; the difference between the severity of clinical manifestations and the general condition of the patient with an index of inflammatory activity; the absence of separate clinical and laboratory signs typical one or another rheumatic disease; the appearance of new symptoms, not characteristic of the rheumatic diseases.

As a clinical example to illustrate the difficulty of diagnosis, this article describes a clinical case of adenocarcinoma of the prostate in 74-year-old men presenting as polymyalgia rheumatica.
The temperature fluctuations generated by viscous dissipation in an isotropic turbulent flow are studied using direct numerical simulation. It is shown that their scaling with Reynolds number is at odds with predictions from recent investigations.

The origin of the discrepancy is traced back to the anomalous scaling of the dissipation rate fluctuations. Phenomenological arguments are presented which explain the observed results.

The study shows that previously proposed models underpredict the variance of frictional temperature fluctuations by a factor proportional to the square of the Taylor-scale Reynolds number.
In the area under investigation the groundwaters have been identified with mineralization up to 63.3 g/L and various chemical composition and genesis. Despite the long interaction with the rock (150-160 ma) equilibrium with endogenous minerals (albite, microcline and anorthite) is practically not observed.

The results of thermodynamic calculations for a water-rock system in the Upper Jurassic deposits of the Arctic regions of Western Siberia are presented.

At the same time, groundwaters are in equilibrium with clay minerals and micas, such as: Caand Na-montmorillonites, kaolinite, paragonite, margarite, illite, muscovite and Mg-chlorite. The establishment of a balance of groundwater with primary aluminosilicate minerals is also affected by interactions with carbonate minerals. The differences in composition of groundwater in equilibrium with certain aluminosilicates and carbonates indicate that the mineral changes are formed from a solution of a strictly defined chemical composition in an appropriate geochemical environment.
Oxacalix[6]arene vanadium complexes have been employed for the ROP of cyclic esters and ethylene polymerization.
Modern high luminosity e + e -factories, like Belle II at SuperKEKB or planned Super Charm-Tau factory require fast calorimeters to cope with severe background conditions.The prototype of the fast electromagnetic calorimeter based on pure CsI scintillation crystals, wavelength shifters with the novel nanostructured organosilicon luminophores, and avalanche photodiodes Hamamatsu S8664-55 is discussed.The results of the tests of the basic element of the calorimeter are reported.
A new approach to the treatment of cancer is suggested, based on the innate overproduction of hydrogen peroxide in cancer cells. Hydrogen peroxide serves as a prodrug in the presence of transition metal ions, such as iron delivered by ferrocene. Under the effect of ferrocene, hydrogen peroxide is split into hydroxyl anions and highly reactive hydroxyl radicals. The latter cause oxidative DNA damage, which induces apoptosis, leading to elimination of cancer cells. Tamoxifen, a drug that interacts with oestrogen receptors, was used as a carrier to deliver ferrocene to breast cancer cells. For this aim tamoxifen conjugated to ferrocene (Tam-Fer) was synthesized. We have shown that the frequency of apoptotic events in MCF-7 breast cancer cells treated with Tam-Fer is significantly higher than in cells treated with tamoxifen or ferrocene separately. The increase of apoptosis correlates well with the rise in generation of reactive oxygen species in cancer cells. These results show that the hydrogen peroxide overproduced in tumour cells can serve as a prodrug for the treatment of cancer.
A model is proposed for describing the self-organization of localized charges and quantum scattering in undoped GaAs/AlGaAs structures in which a two-dimensional gas of electrons or holes is created by the corresponding gate voltage. We assume that in such a metal-dielectric-undoped semiconductor structure carrier scattering on surface charges localized at the interface between GaAs and the dielectric dominates.

Proposed model considers these charges and the corresponding image charges in the metal gate as a closed system in a thermostat. The electrostatic self-organization for this system in thermodynamic equilibrium is studied numerically using the Metropolis algorithm in a wide temperature range.

It is shown that, at T > 100 K, a simple formula derived from the theory of two-dimensional one-component plasma gives almost the same behavior of the structural factor at low wave numbers as the Monte Carlo calculation. The scattering times of gate-induced carriers are described by formulas in which the structural factor characterizes the frozen disorder in the given system. In these formulas, the behavior of the structural factor at small wave numbers is decisive. A calculation using these formulas with disorder corresponding to infinite T gives two to three times shorter scattering times than in the corresponding experiments. We found that the theory is consistent with experiment at a freezing point of disorder T ≈ 1000 K for a sample with a two-dimensional electron gas and T ≈ 700 K for a sample with a two-dimensional hole gas. The found values are an upper estimate of the freezing temperature in the studied structures, since the model ignores sources of disorder other than temperature.
Background. Long coevolution of prey and predator species of mammals creates specific mechanisms of their interaction, e. g. preys innate behavior aversive to the predator odor. However, little is known about genetic responses in the prey organism. We assessed genome instability of the bone marrow cells in mice affected by the cats odor influence, and proposed pathway of such action. Materials and methods. CBA mouse males were exposed to volatiles from adult cat urine for 2 or 24 hours. To estimate the genetic effect, ana-telophase method of chromosome aberration analysis and comet assay were used. The level of corticosterone was also measured after the exposure for 30 or 60 minutes. Results. The exposure to cats urine volatiles for 2 hours induced damage of DNA in bone marrow cells of the mouse males as was shown by the DNA comet analysis. The exposure for 24 hours elevated the frequency of chromosome aberrations in mitotically dividing cells at ana-telophase stage. No significant changes were found in the level of corticosterone in the peripheral blood. Conclusion. We have shown that volatile chemosignals from predators urine induce genomic instability in bone marrow cells of a prey. The hormonal pathway of such influence is still unknown. Intraorganismic paths leading to genome damage are discussed as well as far consequences of discovered effects.
The research topic is the increasing process of electricity generation based on renewable energy sources (RES) in the Russian Federation and its regions.

This paper aims to develop a methodology for modeling new RES technologies in the initial period of their dissemination. Its application allows to estimate the scale of energy generation in the regions from the standpoint of national economy efficiency. The research methodology includes the application of parametric analysis in the framework of interregional input-output model of optimization with detailed energy sector. Its essence is to increase step by step the cost of a new RES technology in the competitive environment of traditional technologies until it leaves the optimal plan. The parametric process involves finding the threshold values of the RES technology cost in the region, passing by which the technology changes its intensity (efficiency) dramatically. A comparative retrospective analysis of RES technologies spreading in the country and regions is carried out. It is shown the importance of taking into account the installed capacity utilization factor when modeling technologies. Formal procedures for embedding it in energy technologies of the model are described.

The trajectories of integrated effects from spreading of renewable energy technologies, obtained as a result of parametric analysis, can be ranked by region and used for selective investment policy on the part of the state. It should be aimed at supporting the development of energy on RES primarily in those regions where the maximum integral effect is obtained.
In this paper, we propose a method for the rejection of the background from the superposition of signals from different, almost simultaneously occurring events in the calorimeter for the COMET experiment. The basic idea is to use the chi-squared distribution obtained from fitting the recorded shape of the signal with an average waveform. The elaborated method is applied for the reconstruction of events with overlapping signals from the electron and radiative capture of neutrons by the 175 Lu nucleus, as well as overlapping signals from two electrons born as a result of the decay of muons in the bound state with an aluminum nucleus with impulses causing a “false” signal of the μ – e conversion. The method showed a good ability to separate events, meanwhile, the separation time is significantly less than the FWHM of the pulse shape.
We report photoluminescence investigations of heavily doped AlxGa1-xN:Si films grown by molecular beam epitaxy on sapphire substrates.

The wide intensive defect-related band dominates in the photoluminescence spectra of AlxGa1-xN:Si films with the Al content higher than 0.38 covering the whole visible spectral range. This band is attributed to donor-acceptor and free electron-acceptor transitions involving the same acceptor.

The acceptor ionization energy of about 1.87 eV for heavily doped AlN:Si was obtained, decrease of Al content leads to decrease of the acceptor ionization energy. The donor was assigned to the Si atom on the Ga/Al site; the acceptor might be (0/-) transition level of the CN or (2-/3-) transition level of the VAl.
It is well known that psychoemotional disorders may be accompanied by decreased sociability in humans. It has been shown that repeated social defeats in 10 daily agonistic interactions in male mice led to development of the expressed level of anxiety and to reduction of communication estimated in the elevated plus-maze and partition tests, respectively. In the social interactions test, sociable behavior toward unfamiliar partner and exploratory activity were dramatically decreased in defeated male mice. Avoidance of approaching partner was significantly increased. Demonstration of self-grooming behavior was increased in defeated males. Chronic diazepam treatment (0.5 mg/kg, i.p., 2 weeks) led to significant decrease of anxiety level estimated in the elevated plus maze test and to improvement of communication in the partition test. In the social interaction test diazepam completely restored the level of sociability and exploratory activity and reduced avoidance behavior of approaching partner. Diazepam did not affect self-grooming demonstration. It is concluded that main factor which provokes decrease in communication in defeated male mice is the high level of anxiety. Similarity between changes in social behavior in defeated mice and symptoms of autism in humans is discussed. It is supposed that this behavioral approach may be useful for studying the molecular mechanisms of autistic spectrum disorders, developing under chronic negative social experiences.