Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
An overview of the newly built neutral beam injection system is presented. This system is intended for creating a population of warm ions in the central cell of the recently developed GOL-NB facility.

The system includes two neutral beam injectors and appropriate power supply and control means.

Beam parameters are: energy 25 keV, total power 1.5 MW, pulse duration 5 ms.
A comparative study of the effect of a matrix based on porous aluminum oxide and a silicon organic polymer polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) (А 12 O 3 @PDMS) and a matrix complex with copper and zinc sorbed on its surface (Cu@Zn- А 12 O 3 @PDMS) on the functional properties of fibroblasts has been carried out. Material and methods. The effect of the Cu@Zn- А 12 O 3 @PDMS complex and the matrix on the cell proliferative potential (MTT test), apoptosis, necrosis and the production of stable nitric oxide (NO) metabolites were studied in an in vitro experiment with a human embryo fibroblast cell line (HEF-15). Results. The compared samples of Cu@Zn-A 12 O 3 @PDMS and A l2 O 3 @PDMS are similar in their physico-chemical properties. Study of HEF-15 functional potential indicates a higher level of cell proliferation and ability to produce NO after contact with the complex. There was no significant increase in apoptosis and necrosis of HEF-15 in the presence of samples of the complex and the carrier. Conclusion. The absence of a significant negative effect of the tested samples on the functional status of cells of the FEH-15 line (proliferation, apoptosis, necrosis, NO secretion) in vitro allows the use of the Cu@Zn-A 12 O 3 @PDMS complex for further analysis of its safety in experimental models of skin defects in animals.
The cross section for the process e + e -→ ωπ 0 → π 0 π 0 γ has been measured in the center-of-mass energy range 1.05-2.00GeV.The experiment has been performed at the e + e -collider VEPP-2000 with the SND detector.The measured e + e -→ ωπ 0 cross section above 1.4 GeV is the most accurate to date.Below 1.4 GeV our data are in good agreement with the previous SND and CMD-2 measurements.Data on the e + e -→ ωπ 0 cross section are well described by the Vector Meson Dominance (VMD) model with two excited ρ-like states.From the measured cross section we have extracted the γ * → ωπ 0 transition form factor.It has been found that the VMD model cannot describe simultaneously our data and data obtained from the ω → π 0 µ + µ - decay.We have also tested Conserved Vector Current (CVC) hypothesis comparing our results on the e + e -→ ωπ 0 cross section with data on the τ -→ ωπ -ν τ decay and have found that the CVC hypothesis works well within reached experimental accuracy of about 5%.
For fine particles moving in the gas different regimes of aerodynamic drag are distinguished depending on their sizes and dust to gas relative velocities. In the Epstein or free-molecular regime, the drag force depends on the projected area or cross-section of the body, and in the Stokes or transition regime, on its linear size. Finding the linear size and the projected area for nonspherical particles is a non-trivial task. To describe the mobility of some type of nonspherical particles - fluffy aggregates, considered as a set of spheres - monomers, the value D f called fractal dimension is often used. For such aggregates with fixed fractal dimension D 0 , several authors suggested the approximations of the linear size (called Smoluchowski radius R s ) and projected area PA as a function of N - the number of monomers in the aggregate. These authors validated their approximations on experimental data.

On the other hand, new direct numerical simulation (DNS) data on mobility of fractal aggregates have been obtained recently. In the paper we constructed new functions PA(D f ,N) and R s (D f , N) interpolating available from the literature approximations of PA(D f = D 0 ,N) and R s (D f = D 0 ,N) and minimizing the deviation from recent DNS data.

These functions are designed for global simulations of protoplanetary discs dynamics and planet formation, but can be used in different applications.
In this paper, we propose a temperature-based proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controlling algorithm using highly dense fiber Bragg grating (FBG) arrays for laser ablation (LA) of ex vivo pancreatic tissues. Custom-made highly dense FBG arrays with a spatial resolution of 1.2 mm were fabricated with the femtosecond point-by-point writing technology and optimized for LA applications. In order to obtain proper PID gain values, finite element method-based iterative simulation of different PID gains was performed. Then, the proposed algorithm, with numerically derived PID gains, was experimentally validated. In the experiments, the point temperature was controlled at different distances from the laser fiber tip (6.0 mm, 7.2 mm, 8.4 mm, and 10.8 mm). The obtained results report robust controlling and correlation between controlled distance and the resulting area of ablation. The results of the work encourage further investigation of FBG array application for LA control.
Rayleigh-Gans-Debye (RGD) and Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin (WKB) approximations

analytically and numerically in the framework of the approximations and the rigorous Lorentz–Mie theory

improved the existing spectral characterization method for spheres extending the applicability range to particles with a higher refractive index
The dynamics of water confined in a microporous metal–organic framework was investigated by 1H fast field-cycling nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxometry, exploring time scales ranging between 10 μs and 0.1 ns in the 25–80 °C temperature interval.

The data were interpreted within a dynamic model where molecules bind to the surface hopping among preferential binding sites. The bound molecules are also subject to local faster reorientations. Numerical analysis of the data allowed the characteristic times associated with hops and local anisotropic reorientations to be determined together with their activation energies, as derived through Arrhenius fits. 1H magic-angle spinning NMR was used to quantify the water loading level and to obtain evidence on the presence of bound water molecules as required by the dynamic model, whereas molecular simulations were conducted to obtain complementary information on relevant properties, such as the porosity of the matrix, the water binding sites, self-diffusion, and interaction energies in the confined space.

The values of the activation energies, 16 ± 2 and 4.5 ± 0.5 kJ/mol, respectively, were rationalized within the model.
A new algorithm for data bank homology search is proposed. The principal advantages of the new algorithm are: (i) linear computation complexity; (ii) low memory requirements; and (iii) high sensitivity to the presence of local region homology. The algorithm first calculates indicative matrices of k-tuple ‘realization’ in the query sequence and then searches for an appropriate number of matching k-tuples within a narrow range in database sequences. It does not require k-tuple coordinates tabulation and in-memory placement for database sequences. The algorithm is implemented in a program for execution on PC-compatible computers and tested on PIR and GenBank databases with good results. A few modifications designed to improve the selectivity are also discussed. As an application example, the search for homology of the mouse homeotic protein HOX 3.1 is given.
Molecular magnets Cu(hfac)2LR exhibit an unusual type of photoinduced magnetostructural switching in exchange-coupled copper(II)-nitroxide clusters. Such photoswitching from strongly coupled to weakly coupled spin state (SS → WS) was recently found to be ultrafast, thus enhancing the interest in these systems and the scope of their potential applications. However, to date such SS → WS photoswitching was demonstrated only at cryogenic temperatures, being limited by the absence of suitable SS states and short relaxation times at T > 100 K. In this work we selected model compound Cu(hfac)2Liso-Pr residing in the mixed SS/WS state at room temperature and investigated it using femtosecond optical spectroscopy. Photoinduced spin dynamics was detected, and an ultrafast SS → WS photoswitching was for the first time demonstrated at room temperature, constituting an important milestone in the development of copper(II)-nitroxide molecular magnets for practical purposes.
In this study we demonstrated that exposure of Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) to terahertz (THz) radiation resulted in a change in the activities of the tdcABCDEFGR and matA–F genes (signs of cell aggregation), gene yjjQ (signs of suppression of cell motility), dicABCF , FtsZ , and minCDE genes (signs of suppression of cell division), sfmACDHF genes (signs of adhesin synthesis), yjbEFGH and gfcA genes (signs of cell envelope stabilization). Moreover, THz radiation induced E. coli csg operon genes of amyloid biosynthesis. Electron microscopy revealed that the irradiated bacteria underwent increased aggregation; 20% of them formed bundle-like structures consisting of two to four pili clumped together. This could be the result of changes in the adhesive properties of the pili. We also found aberrations in cell wall structure in the middle part of the bacterial cell; these aberrations impaired the cell at the initial stages of division and resulted in accumulation of long rod-like cells. Overall, THz radiation was shown to have adverse effects on bacterial populations resulting in cells with abnormal morphology.
The optical properties of ordered arrays of silicon nanopillars (Si NPs) were investigated.

Electron Beam Lithography (EBL) followed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Reactive Ion Etching (ICP-RIE) was used for Si NPs fabrication. Si NPs were chemically and electrically passivated through the deposition of TiONx nanolayer. The silicon nanopillars were characterized by using scanned electron microscopy (SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM).

We demonstrate that a various colors can be obtained by exploiting the resonant light scattering properties of individual Si NP. In addition the low temperature photoluminescence from Si NPs was investigated. The peak photoluminescence energy was observed at 0.83 μm and 1.14 μm. Raman scattering enhancement was found too.
Experimental research on behavior of rolled tungsten plates under intense transient heat loads generated by a powerful (a total power of up to 7 MW) long-pulse (0.1–0.3 ms) electron beam with full irradiation area of 2 cm2 was carried out.

Imaging of the sample by the fast CCD cameras in the NIR range and with illumination by the 532 nm continuous-wave laser was applied for in-situ surface diagnostics during exposure. In these experiments tungsten plates were exposed to heat loads 0.5–1 MJ/m2 with a heat flux factor (Fhf) close to and above the melting threshold of tungsten at initial room temperature.

Crack formation and crack propagation under the surface layer were observed during multiple exposures. Overheated areas with excessive temperature over surrounding surface of about 500 K were found on severely damaged samples more than 5 ms after beam ending. The application of laser illumination enables to detect areas of intense tungsten melting near crack edges and crack intersections.
We report results on time-dependent $CP$ asymmetries in $B\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}^{*\ensuremath{\mp}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$ decays based on a data sample containing $657\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}$ $B\overline{B}$ pairs collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collider at the $\ensuremath{\Upsilon}(4S)$ resonance.

We use a partial reconstruction technique, wherein signal $B\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}^{*\ensuremath{\mp}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$ events are identified using information only from the fast pion from the $B$ decay and the slow pion from the subsequent decay of the ${D}^{*\ensuremath{\mp}}$, where the former (latter) corresponds to ${D}^{*+}({D}^{*\ensuremath{-}})$ final states.

We obtain $CP$ violation parameters ${S}^{+}=+0.061\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.018\text{ }(\mathrm{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.012\text{ }(\mathrm{syst})$ and ${S}^{\ensuremath{-}}=+0.031\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.019\text{ }(\mathrm{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.015\text{ }(\mathrm{syst})$.
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Endogenous hot spots of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are tightly linked with transcription patterns and cancer genomics 1,2 . There are nine hot spots of DSBs located in human rDNA units 3–6 . Here we describe that the profiles of these hot spots coincide with the profiles of γ-H2AX or H2AX, strongly suggesting a high level of in vivo breakage inside rDNA genes. The data were confirmed by microscopic observation of the largest γ-H2AX foci inside nucleoli in interphase chromosomes. In metaphase chromosomes, we observed that only some portion of rDNA clusters possess γ-H2AX foci and that all γ-H2AX foci co-localize with UBF-1 binding sites, which strongly suggests that only active rDNA units possess the hot spots of DSBs. Both γ-H2AX and UBF-1 are epigenetically inherited and thus indicate the rDNA units that were active in the previous cell cycle. These results have implications for diverse fields, including epigenetics and cancer genomics.
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 2 (PARP2) participates in base excision repair (BER) alongside PARP1, but its functions are still under study.

Here, we characterize binding affinities of PARP2 for other BER proteins (PARP1, APE1, Polβ, and XRCC1) and oligomerization states of the homo- and hetero-associated complexes using fluorescence-based and light scattering techniques. To compare PARP2 and PARP1 in the efficiency of PAR synthesis, in the absence and presence of protein partners, the size of PARP2 PARylated in various reaction conditions was measured.

Unlike PARP1, PARP2 forms more dynamic complexes with common protein partners, and their stability is effectively modulated by DNA intermediates. Apparent binding affinity constants determined for homo- and hetero-oligomerized PARP1 and PARP2 provide evidence that the major form of PARP2 at excessive PARP1 level is their heterocomplex. Autoregulation of PAR elongation at high PARP and NAD+ concentrations is stronger for PARP2 than for PARP1, and the activity of PARP2 is more effectively inhibited by XRCC1. Moreover, the activity of both PARP1 and PARP2 is suppressed upon their heteroPARylation. Taken together, our findings suggest that PARP2 can function differently in BER, promoting XRCC1-dependent repair (similarly to PARP1) or an alternative XRCC1-independent mechanism via hetero-oligomerization with PARP1.
Tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C) coatings have been prepared on silicon substrates by the pulsed cathodic arc source. For the limitation of the heat flux of the carbon plasma to the sample, the diaphragm of 27 mm diameter has been used. The deposition process has been carried out at three different distances between the arc source and the substrate: 150, 215 and 265 mm. The properties of ta-C coatings have been studied by Raman spectroscopy and dynamic nanoindentation techniques. The analysis of Raman spectra parameters has revealed that the concentration of ordered aromatic rings in Csp2 cluster decreases with distance between the arc source and the substrate while the concentration of chain groups increases. Nanoindentation has shown the decrease in nanohardness and Young's modulus with the distance. Nanohardness value falls from 21 GPa to 16 GPa and Young's modulus value goes down from 197 GPa to 177 GPa. So, it's possible to control the formation of ta-C coatings structure by changing distance between the pulsed cathodic arc source and the substrate.
BACKGROUND:Determine the effect of personal anxiety, sleep disorders on the 15-year risk of developing (RR) diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2 among men (M) 45-69 years in Russia / Siberia (Novosibirsk). METHODS:In 20032005 As part of the IV screening of the international epidemiological study HAPIEE, a representative sample of m 4569 years was examined (n=781 M, mean age-56.480.20 years, response 61.00%). The level of personal anxiety (PA) was assessed using the Spielberger scale (HPA high, MPA medium, LPA low). With the help of the scale Knowledge and attitude to ones health, the level of sleep disorders (SD) was assessed. The period of observation of the cohort was 15 years. To check the statistical significance of the differences between the groups, the Pearson 2test was used. For risk assessment, Cox-regression single-factor and multivariate regression proportional hazards model was used (Cox-regression). RESULTS:Among persons with the first occurrence of DM type 2, HPA at the screening was 59.50%, and 63.30% had SD. The combination of HPA and SD was significant among M with the first-onset diabetes mellitus. During the 15-year period, among M with HLA, the risk of developing type 2 diabetes was 1.60 times higher than without. Among people with SD, therisk of developing type 2 diabetes was 2.40 times higher than without. In Cox the proportional multifactor model, each variable had its own independent influence. HPA increased the RR DM of the 2nd type by 1.90 times, and SD by 2.80 times. CONCLUSION:It was established that a high level of PA and SD are independent predictors of type 2 diabetes, moreover, with SD, the risk of developing type 2 diabetes is higher than with a high level of PA.
The paper studies the structural, phase and fractographic features of mechanically synthesized non-equilibrium Cu-Co alloys characterized by limited solubility.The components are taken in three different proportions.Mechanical alloying was carried out by high-pressure torsion related to severe plastic deformation methods.As a result of mechanical alloying, the investigated system of components initially insoluble below 800 C, according to the equilibrium phase diagram, undergoes structural and phase changes consisting in the formation of non-equilibrium solid solutions.With an increase in the proportion of cobalt in the original mixture, the proportion of this element in the solid solution increases after mechanical alloying.This, in turn, affects the appearance of the fracture surface; namely, it changes from brittle-ductile fracture first to brittle fracture and then to mixed one, corresponding to an earlier stage of deformation-induced mechanical alloying.
Antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutases, catalases, and glutathione peroxidases are known to represent critical defence mechanisms for preventing oxidative modifications of DNA, proteins, and lipids.

We present the evidence showing that small fractions of electrophoretically homogeneous immunoglobulin G (IgGs) from the sera of healthy humans and their Fab and F(ab)2 fragments oxidize 3,3′-diaminobenzidine through a peroxidase activity in the presence of H2O2 and through an oxidoreductase activity in the absence of H2O2. During purification on protein G-Sepharose and gel filtration, the polyclonal IgGs partially lose the Me2+ ions. After extensive dialysis of purified Abs against agents chelating metal ions, the relative peroxidase activity decreased dependently of IgG analyzed from 100 to ~10–85%, while oxidoreductase activity from 100 to 14–83%. Addition of external metal ions to dialyzed and non-dialyzed IgGs leads to a significant increase in their activity. Chromatography of the IgGs on Chelex non-charged with Cu2+ ions results in the adsorption of a small IgG fraction bound with metal ions (~5%), while Chelex charged with Cu2+ ions bind additionally ~38% of the total IgGs. Separation of Abs on both sorbents results in IgG separation to many different subfractions demonstrating various affinities to the chelating resin and different levels of the specific oxidoreductase and peroxidase activities. In the presence of external Cu2+ ions, the specific peroxidase activity of several IgG subfractions achieves 20–27 % as compared with horseradish peroxidase (HRP, taken for 100%). The oxidoreductase activity of these fractions is ~4–6-fold higher than that for HRP.

Peroxidase and oxidoreductase activities of human IgGs could also play an important role in the protection of organisms from oxidative stress and toxic compounds.
We show that Kerr beam self-cleaning results from parametric mode mixing instabilities that generate a number of nonlinearly interacting modes with randomized phases---optical wave turbulence, followed by a direct and inverse cascade towards high mode numbers and condensation into the fundamental mode, respectively. This optical self-organization effect is an analogue to wave condensation that is well known in hydrodynamic 2D turbulence.
The article studies the conflict between secular and church authorities over the collection of extracts from ancient manuscripts and early printed books that were found by the defenders of the Old Belief in order to prove a violation of the tradition of the Russian Church as a result of the reform of the rite and liturgical practice. Quotes from the Holy Scripture, patristic tradition, and writings of church writers constituted the “canon of sacred texts” for the Old Believers, which was, in their opinion, equivalent to the Holy Scripture. Fragments of texts systematized according to the subjects were copied and distributed as manuscripts. By the importance of the problem to overcome schism secular and church authorities joined forces to solve it. This was especially evident in the activities of the Moscow Council of Russian Orthodox Church in 1681–1682. An analysis of the Council Decree allowed us to conclude that in the Proposal to the Council Feodor III Alexeyevich very precisely outlined the jeopardy of the “canon of sacred texts”. The monarch expressed worry of secular authorities about the distribution of manuscripts that increased the influence of Old Believers. In the Response of the Council, it was decided to stop the spread of “false letters” and do it together with the secular authorities. The article draws attention to the fact that the result of efforts of secular authorities was the execution of some Old Believers’ leaders. The church also did not stand aside and published Uvet Duhovnyi. The article shows, what position the author took with respect to the “canon of sacred texts” and how it reflected in his text. It is concluded that Archbishop Afanasy tried to convince readers that the Old Believer`s manuscripts, “bogomerzkie pisanye tetradki” (heretical handwritten notes), which contained extracts from the Holy Scripture and patristic tradition, had nothing in common with the true meaning of sources. Consequently, they could not argue the deviation of the reformers from the tradition of the Russian Church. The Archbishop Afanasy insisted that only “madness” could explain the doctrine of the defenders of the Old Belief.
The feasibility of generating surface plasmon polaritons carrying orbital angular momentum ("vortex plasmons") on cylindrical conductors by an end-fire coupling technique in the spectral range from 8.5 to 141 μm (~ 2-40 THz) is considered.

The front face of the cylinder is illuminated by Bessel beams formed using binary spiral phase axicons, or annual vortex beams formed in the focal plane of an additional lens. Graphs are constructed that reveal the relationship between the waveguide parameters (conductor diameter, which is equal to the diameter of the illuminating beam, and the "twist" angle of the plasmon) and the axicon parameters (the ratio of the axicon period to the radiation wavelength) for the above wavelengths and topological charges of the beams ranging from 1 to 9.

The results obtained indicate the possibility of conducting experiments in the long-wavelength range for modeling a plasmon multiplex communication channel.