Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
The free-living marine flatworm Macrostomum lignano is a powerful model organism to study mechanisms of regeneration and stem cell regulation due to its convenient combination of biological and experimental properties, including the availability of transgenesis methods, which is unique among flatworm models. However, due to its relatively recent introduction in research, there are still many biological aspects of the animal that are not known. One of such questions is the influence of the culturing temperature on Macrostomum biology. Here we systematically investigated how different culturing temperatures affect the development time, reproduction rate, regeneration, heat shock response, and gene knockdown efficiency by RNA interference in M. lignano. We used marker transgenic lines of the flatworm to accurately measure the regeneration endpoint and to establish the stress response threshold for temperature shock. We found that compared to the culturing temperature of 20°C commonly used for M. lignano , elevated temperatures of 25°C-30°C substantially speed-up the development and regeneration time and increase reproduction rate without detectable negative consequences for the animal, while temperatures above 30°C elicit a heat shock response. We show that altering the temperature conditions can be used to shorten the time required to establish M. lignano cultures, store important lines and optimize the microinjection procedures for transgenesis. Our findings will help to optimize the design of experiments in M. lignano and thus facilitate future research in this model organism.
Polymorphism in molecular crystals is a remarkable property of Nature to create a wide range of various combinations of limited amount of components. Studies of the polymorphic crystals upon different types of external influence could be very useful in terms of analysis of molecular packing, nature and dynamics of the intermolecular interactions. When applied to pharmaceuticals, crystal structure may noticeably affect on stability, solubility, bioavailability, etc. which are essential for drug development. Sulfonyl urea derivatives represent a great example of compounds which are potentially inclined to conformational polymorphism. In particular generation drug chlorpropamide could be crystallized in a five different polymorphs. Chlorpropamide molecule is highly flexible in the crystal structure whereby we obtain various types of molecular conformations and their relative arrangements within the main structural forming motif – directed hydrogen bonded chains. Although polymorphic properties of chlorpropamide have been well-known for a decade there are still a lot of open questions regarding relative stability and crystallization conditions of the polymorphs as well as their behavior under extreme conditions such as cryogenic temperatures, hydrostatic pressure and mechanical stress. In order to follow dynamics of molecular fragments and to observe possible phase transitions on cooling and compression polarized Raman spectroscopy was used. Low temperature spectra were recorded in a wide temperature (5-300 K) range. The effect of hydrostatic pressure was studied using diamond anvil cell up to 5 – 5.5 GPa. Nanoindentation was applied to five polymorphs of chlorpropamide to examine and compare their mechanical properties. Experimental results were also supported by quantum-mechanical calculations. The research was supported by a grant for Russia-Slovenia collaboration BI-RU-12-13-038, a grant from RFBR and the Integration project 108 of the SB RAS.
Wide usage of biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) biosimilars in clinical practice has greatly increased the availability of biologic therapy for rheumatic patients. Nevertheless, not only economic expediency but efficacy and safety are the key principals of any treatment including biologic DMARDs. Objective . To investigate the efficacy and safety of switching from the original rituximab (MabThera®, "F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.", Switzerland) to its biosimilar (Acellbia®, "BIOCAD", Russia) by non-medical reasons in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Subjects and methods . 40 rheumatoid arthritis patients on basic therapy who had taken at least one course of original rituximab (MabThera®) 1000 mg twice in 2 weeks more than 6 months ago were included. They were switched to equal-dose biosimilar (Acellbia®) by non-medical reasons and were observed throughout the year. At 12, 24 weeks and one year after switching dynamics of the next parameters were evaluated: pain level according to visual analogue scale (VAS), tender joint count (TJC), swollen joint count (SJC), acute inflammatory and immunological markers, disease activity score (DAS28) calculated using erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28-ESR) or C-reactive protein (DAS28-CRP), health assessment questionnaire (HAQ) index and safety profile. Results . All the data are presented as median of indicator in the moment of measurement after switching therapy (Meperiod). In 12-week period TJC [(Me]_0=9.50, Me_12=6.0, p< 0.01) and SJC (Me_0=2,0, Me_12=1,0, p<0.01) were decreased with positive dynamics on the 24 and 48 weeks. Also, similar results were observed in the VAS pain level. DAS28 showed significant decreasing during observation: Me0=4.38, Me24=3.55, Meyear=3.49, p<0.01 for DAS28-ESR; and Me0=3.91, Me24=3.15, Meyear=3.03, p<0.01 for DAS28-CRP. Immunological markers were increased or stable during the first months after switching, but then they were significantly decreased: Me0=45.0 U/ml, Meyear=23.0 U/ml, p<0.01 for rheumatoid factor; and Me0=88.0 U/ml, Meyear=50.5 U/ml, p<0.01 for anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide. HAQ index was stabilized during 1 year: Me0=1.00, Meyear=0.75, p<0.01. Severe infusion reactions on Acellbia® were not observed, safety profile was similar to MabThera®. Conclusion . Our investigation revealed that non-medical switching from original rituximab (MabThera®, "F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.", Switzerland) to its biosimilar (Acellbia®, "BIOCAD", Russia) has no significant influence on the therapy efficacy and safety.
Several conjugates of metallophthalocyanines with deoxyribooligonucleotides were synthesized to investigate sequence-specific modification of DNA by them. Oligonucleotide parts of these conjugates were responsible for the recognition of selected complementary sequences on the DNA target. Metallophthalocyanines were able to induce the DNA modification: phthalocyanines of Zn(II) and Al(III) were active as photosensitizers in the generation of singlet oxygen (1)O(2), while phthalocyanine of Co(II) promoted DNA oxidation by molecular oxygen through the catalysis of formation of reactive oxygen species ((.)O(2) (-), H(2)O(2), OH). Irradiation of the reaction mixture containing either Zn(II)- or Al(III)-tetracarboxyphthalocyanine conjugates of oligonucleotide pd(TCTTCCCA) with light of > 340 nm wavelength (Hg lamp or He/Ne laser) resulted in the modification of the 22-nucleotide target d(TGAATGGGAAGAGGGTCAGGTT). A conjugate of Co(II)-tetracarboxyphthalocyanine with the oligonucleotide was found to modify the DNA target in the presence of O(2) and 2-mercaptoethanol or in the presence of H(2)O(2). Under both sensitized and catalyzed conditions, the nucleotides G(13)-G(15) were mainly modified, providing evidence that the reaction proceeded in the double-stranded oligonucleotide. These results suggest the possible use of phthalocyanine-oligonucleotide conjugates as novel artificial regulators of gene expression and therapeutic agents for treatment of cancer.
A comparison is made of elemental analyses of sediment samples (lake bottom sediments and sediments from the petroliferous Bazhenovka Formation) by five competitive methods (synchrotron radiation X‐ray fluorescence (SR‐XRF), INAA, ICP‐MS, AAS and traditional XRF). The object of this study was to identify the most suitable analytical techniques for applications in sedimentary geochemistry.

Advantages and shortcomings of the five techniques were considered with respect to applications related to studies of palaeo‐climate changes recorded in sedimentary cores from Lake Baikal and the geochemical stratigraphy of the Bazhenovka Formation, which is rich in organic material.

We have concluded that SR‐XRF was the best technique for producing extensive analytical data series, from the point of view of its speed, ease of application, cost, non‐destructive nature and sensitivity, which allowed for the simultaneous determination of more than twenty elements of geochemical interest in small samples of sediments. An additional benefit of the method was demonstrated when used for the independent certification of geological reference materials. International reference samples BIL‐1 and SDO‐1 were certified by means of this method without use of reference materials. Analyses were based on the physics of the theory of energy transport.
Parahydrogen is NMR silent. SABRE-SHEATH (signal amplification by reversible exchange–shield enables alignment transfer to heteronuclei) hyperpolarization is a known technique.

We report on a robust and low-cost parahydrogen generator design employing liquid nitrogen as a coolant. The core of the generator consists of catalyst-filled spiral copper tubing, which can be pressurized to 35 atm. Parahydrogen quantification was performed on the fly via benchtop NMR spectroscopy to monitor the signal from residual orthohydrogen. This real-time quantification approach was also used to evaluate catalyst activation at up to 1.0 standard liter per minute flow rate.

Parahydrogen fraction >48% was obtained at 77 K with three nearly identical generators using paramagnetic hydrated iron oxide catalysts. The reported inexpensive device can be employed for a wide range of studies employing parahydrogen as a source of nuclear spin hyperpolarization. We demonstrate the utility of this parahydrogen generator for hyperpolarization of concentrated sodium [1-13C]pyruvate. The reported pilot optimization yielded 13C signal enhancement of over 14,000-fold at a clinically relevant magnetic field of 1 T corresponding to approximately 1.2% 13C polarization.
The free-living flatworm Macrostomum lignano is a hidden tetraploid. Its genome was formed by a recent whole genome duplication followed by chromosome fusions.

Comparison of MLI1 with metacentrics was performed by painting with microdissected DNA probes and fluorescent in situ hybridization of unique DNA fragments. Abnormal karyotypes found in the inbred DV1/10 subline were analyzed, and structurally rearranged chromosomes were described with the painting technique, suggesting the mechanism of their origin.

The revealed chromosomal rearrangements generate additional diversity, opening the way toward massive loss of duplicated genes from a duplicated genome. Our findings suggest that the karyotype of M. lignano is in the early stage of genome diploidization after whole genome duplication, and further studies on M. lignano and closely related species can address many questions about karyotype evolution in animals.
Based on the analysis of civil and tax legislation and the practice of its application, an idea of the relationship between these industries in various ways of termination of a legal entity (voluntary and compulsory liquidation, invalidation of a legal entity and exclusion of an organization from the Unified state register of legal entities) is formed.

It is proposed to consider the termination of a legal entity as a General institution for special methods of termination.

It is concluded that it is necessary to notify the organization's stakeholders in advance through digital technologies about the upcoming exclusion of a legal entity; to take measures to collect tax debts before excluding an organization from the state register; before forming a list of organizations for exclusion, charge the tax authorities to conduct an analysis of the real state of the taxpayer. It is the tax authority that carries out compulsory liquidation and exclusion from the register, which has a huge impact on the state of subjects of civil turnover.
We previously showed that mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1 (plastoquinonyl-decyltriphenylphosphonium) at nanomolar concentrations is capable of preventing and slowing down some cerebral dysfunctions in accelerated-senescence OXYS rats.

Here we
We report a measurement of the ratio ${\cal R}(D^*) = {\cal B}(\bar{B}^0 \rightarrow D^{*+} \tau^- \bar{\nu}_{\tau})/{\cal B}(\bar{B}^0 \rightarrow D^{*+} \ell^- \bar{\nu}_{\ell})$, where $\ell$ denotes an electron or a muon. The results are based on a data sample containing $772\times10^6$ $B\bar{B}$ pairs recorded at the $\Upsilon(4S)$ resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB $e^+ e^-$ collider. We select a sample of $B^0 \bar{B}^0$ pairs by reconstructing both $B$ mesons in semileptonic decays to $D^{*\mp} \ell^{\pm}$. We measure ${\cal R}(D^*)= 0.302 \pm 0.030({\rm stat)} \pm 0.011({\rm syst)}$, which is within $1.6 \sigma$ of the Standard Model theoretical expectation, where the standard deviation $\sigma$ includes systematic uncertainties. We use this measurement to constrain several scenarios of new physics in a model-independent approach.
The ideas of neurodiversity are more and more popular today and could be considered at different levels of analysis. At first, neurodiversity is the original idea that the characteristics of an individual`s brain structure affect the features of his way of thinking and behavior. Secondly, it is the neurodiversity paradigm. Its proponents believe that many psychiatric diagnoses are socially constructed. The neurodifferent brain is considered not as a pathology, but as a feature that causes problems only because of the cruelty and inappropriateness of the world of neurotypical. The paradigm is especially widely used by individuals with ASD. Researchers note logical contradictions in the paradigm. It is a socio-cultural construct which is demanded by modern society and mass culture. Different movements against oppression are spreading to ever wider contexts. The media image of individuals with ASD is associated with the demand for traits of individualism, specificity, distinction and non-systemic in modern society. Consequently, the media create a romanticized image of the autistic, which leads to the popularity of the paradigm of neurodiversity. Finally, active supporters of the neurodiversity paradigm are representatives of a specific culture that has a special language, symbols, identity, values, communicative preferences, etc. Analyzing features and manifestations of this community, author comes to the conclusion that the culture of neurodiversity is opposed to the dominant one. There is a paradox: the paradigm of neurodiversity is in line with trends of modernity, while the neurodiversity culture acts as a counterculture.
The problem of atherosclerosis, which forms the pathological basis of coronary artery disease (CAD), is one of the most discussed ones in development of cardiovascular diseases. This chronic inflammatory disease involves interactions between different cells, and an atherosclerotic plaque is a complex immunological environment.

Modern quantitative methods increase the understanding of the pathophysiological processes responsible for progression of atherosclerotic plaques. Flow cytometry is a powerful modern method that allows for a complex and simultaneous cell analysis.

This review is devoted to studies on atherosclerosis and CAD performed using flow cytometry.
Domestication and selective breeding has resulted in over 1000 extant cattle breeds. Many of these breeds do not excel in important traits but are adapted to local environments. These adaptations are a valuable source of genetic material for efforts to improve commercial breeds.

As a step toward this goal we identified candidate regions to be under selection in genomes of nine Russian native cattle breeds adapted to survive in harsh climates. After comparing our data to other breeds of European and Asian origins we found known and novel candidate genes that could potentially be related to domestication, economically important traits and environmental adaptations in cattle.

The Russian cattle breed genomes contained regions under putative selection with genes that may be related to adaptations to harsh environments (e.g., AQP5 , RAD50 , and RETREG1 ). We found genomic signatures of selective sweeps near key genes related to economically important traits, such as the milk production (e.g., DGAT1 , ABCG2 ), growth (e.g., XKR4 ), and reproduction (e.g., CSF2 ). Our data point to candidate genes which should be included in future studies attempting to identify genes to improve the extant breeds and facilitate generation of commercial breeds that fit better into the environments of Russia and other countries with similar climates.
The effect of an optical pulsed discharge created by CO2-laser with an average power of 1.8 kW on the aerodynamic drag of a model in a supersonic air flow is experimentally investigated. Experiments were carried out in a supersonic wind tunnel MAU-M (diameter of the nozzle outlet dc = 50 mm) on the modes M = 1,36, Re1 = 1.4–3.8*107 1/m. To ensure a stable optical breakdown, a jet of argon gas was introduced into the focusing region of the laser beam. As a result, a decrease in the aerodynamic drag force was obtained. It is shown, that the increasing of the laser pulses repetition frequency leads to the decreasing in the aerodynamic drag force. The maximum decrease was 15% at a maximum frequency f = 90 kHz.
Extending previous work on the formation and the evaporation of black holes in conformal gravity, in the present paper we study the gravitational collapse of a spherically symmetric and electrically charged thin shell of radiation. The process creates a singularity-free black hole. Assuming that in the evaporation process the charge $Q$ is constant, the final product of the evaporation is an extremal remnant with $M=Q$, which is reached in an infinite amount of time. We also discuss the issue of singularity and thermodynamics of black holes in Weyl's conformal gravity.
The paper studies the peculiarities of energy efficiency increase in national economy and decrease of carbon dioxide emission for CIS countries.

The conditions that allow achieving parameters of sustainable development are determined according to indexes of GDP energy intensity and carbon intensity. Focusing on the indexes of GDP energy intensity and carbon intensity dynamics as well as on carbon intensity of energy production, a real movement towards implementation of program conditions presented by international organizations is analyzed, namely, economic conversion to the model of sustainable development. At determining dependencies linear models are preferred to non-linear ones, with the explanation of reasons in each particular case.

The examples demonstrate both the presence of significant differences between 12 countries and the lack of fatality in these differences. Attention to success of these countries may help to understand the advantages of conversion to the model of sustainable development and also it helps to decrease demands in terms of costs for this conversion.
The paper is devoted to numerical simulation of the regimes of pulse outflow of various gases (air and argon) into a vertical pipe, filled with a liquid of different density (water and Rose alloy), implemented in the OpenFoam package. This problem has a wide range of technical applications, ranging from the simulation of emergency modes of liquid-metal nuclear reactor operation to the depressurization of underwater gas pipelines, the operation of ship equipment systems, etc. The satisfactory agreement of the results of numerical simulation with experimental data has been obtained.
We consider one-loop self-energy and vacuum polarization radiative corrections to the shift of atomic energy level due to finite nuclear size.

Analytic expressions for vacuum polarization corrections are derived. For the self-energy of ${p}_{1/2}$ and ${p}_{3/2}$ states in addition to already known terms we derive next-to-leading nonlogarithmic $Z\ensuremath{\alpha}$ terms.

Together with contributions obtained earlier the terms derived in the present work give explicit analytic expressions for ${s}_{1/2}$ and ${p}_{1/2}$ corrections which agree with results of previous numerical calculations up to $Z=100$ $(Z$ is the nuclear charge number). We also show that the finite-nuclear-size radiative correction for a ${p}_{3/2}$ state is not small compared to the similar correction for a ${p}_{1/2}$ state at least for small Z.
In this paper presents the elements of blocked media deforming theory. It means that these media have a specific surface and (related with it) average distance from one crack (pore) to another one. This way requires the creation a new model of continuum, which is contains the integral geometry of pore space. The equations of motion and equilibrium are equations of the infinite order due to infinite numbers of freedom degrees. Along the usual seismic waves, these equations describe very slow waves, not bounded below and, besides of it, they predict the instable solutions, due to parametric resonances in structures bodies. The number of instable solutions corresponds to seismological Gutenberg-Richter law. The dispersion of an average size of structure produces both the fast catastrophes (small dispersion) and slow catastrophes (high dispersion).
Sulphide-bearing mill wastes of the Ursk Ore Processing Plant situated in the Kemerovo region (Russia) were investigated in the 2013 – 2015.

Multipurpose studies of the Ursk mining tailings allowed to determine the composition of the wastes pore waters, acid mine drainages and affected groundwater. Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) was used to trace the geoelectric zoning of the wastes, expressed as a consistent change of the electrical resistivity from zone to zone.

Layers with low resistivity indicate areas with pore spaces filled by highly mineralized solutions with high concentrations of Cu, Zn, Cd, As, and Sb up to 12 g/L in total.
7,8-Dihydro-8-oxoguanine (oxoG) is the most abundant oxidative DNA lesion with dual coding properties. It forms both Watson–Crick (anti)oxoG:(anti)C and Hoogsteen (syn)oxoG:(anti)A base pairs without a significant distortion of a B-DNA helix. DNA polymerases bypass oxoG but the accuracy of nucleotide incorporation opposite the lesion varies depending on the polymerase-specific interactions with the templating oxoG and incoming nucleotides. High-fidelity replicative DNA polymerases read oxoG as a cognate base for A while treating oxoG:C as a mismatch. The mutagenic effects of oxoG in the cell are alleviated by specific systems for DNA repair and nucleotide pool sanitization, preventing mutagenesis from both direct DNA oxidation and oxodGMP incorporation. DNA translesion synthesis could provide an additional protective mechanism against oxoG mutagenesis in cells. Several human DNA polymerases of the X- and Y-families efficiently and accurately incorporate nucleotides opposite oxoG. In this review, we address the mutagenic potential of oxoG in cells and discuss the structural basis for oxoG bypass by different DNA polymerases and the mechanisms of the recognition of oxoG by DNA glycosylases and dNTP hydrolases.
Many MRI contrast agents formed with the parahydrogen‐induced polarization (PHIP) technique exhibit biocompatible profiles. In the context of respiratory imaging with inhalable molecular contrast agents, the development of nonflammable contrast agents would nonetheless be highly beneficial for the biomedical translation of this sensitive, high‐throughput and affordable hyperpolarization technique.

To this end, we assess the hydrogenation kinetics, the polarization levels and the lifetimes of PHIP hyperpolarized products (acids, ethers and esters) at various degrees of fluorine substitution.

The results highlight important trends as a function of molecular structure that are instrumental for the design of new, safe contrast agents for in vivo imaging applications of the PHIP technique, with an emphasis on the highly volatile group of ethers used as inhalable anesthetics.