Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Hyaluronan (HA), the major glycosaminoglycan of the interstitial matrix, is heterogeneously distributed within the kidney. Using real-time RT-PCR, we tested the assumption that renal HA may be involved in the long-term effect of vasopressin on water reabsorption. The expression of the genes encoding hyaluronan synthase-2 (Has2), hyaluronidase-1 and hyaluronidase-2 (Hyal1 and Hyal2) was studied in the kidneys of Wistar Albino Glaxo (WAG) and homozygous vasopressin-deficient Brattleboro rats treated with the V2 receptor-selective vasopressin analogue dDAVP (100 μg (kg body wt)(-1), i.p., twice a day for 2 days). The Has2 mRNA content was the highest in the kidney papilla of the hydrated WAG and control Brattleboro rats, devoid of vasopressin. In WAG rats, dDAVP induced a considerable decrease in Has2 mRNA content in the papilla, with less pronounced changes in the cortex. The changes elicited by dDAVP in Brattleboro rats tended to be the same as in WAG rats, but weaker. In contrast to Has2, dDAVP treatment caused a significant increase in the Hyal1 and Hyal2 mRNA content in the renal papilla of WAG and Brattleboro rats. In rats of both strains, there was a good fit between Hyal1 and Hyal2 transcriptional levels and changes in hyaluronidase activity in the renal tissue. It is suggested that vasopressin is able to inhibit the synthesis of HA and concomitantly promote its degradation in the interstitium of the renal papilla, thereby facilitating water flow between elements of the renal countercurrent system. The implications for this effect are discussed in the context of the data in the literature.
Tumour resistance to a wide range of drugs (multiple drug resistant, MDR) acquired after intensive chemotherapy is considered to be the main obstacle of the curative treatment of cancer patients. Recent work has shown that oncolytic viruses demonstrated prominent potential for effective treatment of diverse cancers.

Here, we evaluated whether genetically modified vaccinia virus (LIVP-GFP) may be effective in treatment of cancers displaying MDR phenotype. LIVP-GFP replication, transgene expression and cytopathic effects were analysed in human cervical carcinomas KB-3-1 (MDR−), KB-8-5 (MDR+) and in murine melanoma B-16 (MDR−), murine lymphosarcomas RLS and RLS-40 (MDR+). To investigate the efficacy of this therapy in vivo, we treated immunocompetent mice bearing murine lymphosarcoma RLS-40 (MDR+) (6- to 8-week-old female CBA mice; n = 10/group) or melanoma B-16 (MDR−) (6- to 8-week-old female C57Bl mice; n = 6/group) with LIVP-GFP (5 × 107 PFU of virus in 0.1 mL of IMDM immediately and 4 days after tumour implantation).

We demonstrated that LIVP-GFP replication was effective in human cervical carcinomas KB-3-1 (MDR−) and KB-8-5 (MDR+) and in murine melanoma B-16 (MDR−), whereas active viral production was not detected in murine lymphosarcomas RLS and RLS-40 (MDR+). Additionally, it was found that in tumour models in immunocompetent mice under the optimized regimen intratumoural injections of LIVP-GFP significantly inhibited melanoma B16 (33 % of mice were with complete response after 90 days) and RLS-40 tumour growth (fourfold increase in tumour doubling time) as well as metastasis. The anti-tumour activity of LIVP-GFP is a result of direct oncolysis of tumour cells in case of melanoma B-16 because the virus effectively replicates and destroys these cells, and virus-mediated activation of the host immune system followed by immunologically mediated destruction of of tumour cells in case of lymphosarcoma RLS-40. Thus, the recombinant vaccinia virus LIVP-GFP is able to inhibit the growth of malignant cells with the MDR phenotype and tumour metastasis when administered in the early stages of tumour development.
Cyanuric triazide reacts with several transition metal precursors, extruding one equivalent of N2 and reducing the putative diazidotriazeneylnitrene species by two electrons, which rearranges to N-(1'H-[1,5'-bitetrazol]-5-yl)methanediiminate (biTzI2-) dianionic ligand, which ligates the metal and dimerizes, and is isolated from pyridine as [M(biTzI)]2Py6 (M = Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, Ni).

Reagent scope, product analysis, and quantum chemical calculations were combined to elucidate the mechanism of formation

as a two-electron reduction preceding ligand rearrangement.
The article deals with the issues of execution of the obligation to pay taxes and fees. The subject of the tax obligation is only money, based on the concept of 'tax' and the fact that the tax is one of the sources of the budget, which is a form of formation and expenditure of funds. The features of monetary obligation as a type of public-legal obligations are distinguished.

The conditions of execution of the tax duty are analyzed. Discusses the problem of a tax debt in the liquidation of the organization, the time to enforce which the tax authority has expired.

This problem leads to the need to apply to the arbitration court to recognize the tax debt as hopeless for collection and exclusion of the relevant record from the personal account of the taxpayer, which in turn leads to an increase in the period of liquidation and additional financial security. It is proposed to transfer to the tax authority the powers to write off and exclude tax debts, the period for compulsory collection of which has expired, in an administrative procedure.
The aim of the study was to explore the association between sudden cardiac death (SCD) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs34554140, rs6670279, and rs6874185 from the list of potential molecular genetic markers of SCD, obtained in our earlier genome-wide allelotyping on pooled DNA samples.Materials and Methods.The study is based on the case-control principle.The SCD group included 438 deceased residents of Novosibirsk (average age -53.2±9.1 years; men -72.7%, women -28.3%) with the main postmortem diagnoses of acute circulatory failure or acute coronary failure, which met the criteria of SCD established by the European Society of Cardiology.The control group included 435 live subjects enrolled in the international projects HAPIEE and MONICA (average age -53.2±8.9 years; men -70.0%, women -30.0%).DNA was isolated by phenol-chloroform extraction from the myocardial tissue in the SCD group and from the venous blood in the control group.Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction with subsequent analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphism in a polyacrylamide gel.Results.The frequencies of the genotypes of SNPs rs34554140, rs6670279, and rs6874185 in the control group correspond to those predicted by the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (c 2 =0.98, 0.009, 3.39, respectively).The AA genotype of rs34554140 is associated with an increased risk of SCD (p=0.002;OR=1.85; 95% CI 1.26-2.71).The AT genotype has a protective effect against SCD (p=0.001;OR=0.53; 95% CI 0.36-0.78).In subgroups separated by gender and age, the differences persist in the subgroups of men, women, and individuals under 50 years old (p0.05).Conclusion.The association of single nucleotide polymorphisms rs34554140 and rs6670279 with SCD was confirmed.In contrast, no association of rs6874185 with SCD was detected.
The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 2,873 new measurements from 758 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as supersymmetric particles, heavy bosons, axions, dark photons, etc. Particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Higgs Boson Physics, Supersymmetry, Grand Unified Theories, Neutrino Mixing, Dark Energy, Dark Matter, Cosmology, Particle Detectors, Colliders, Probability and Statistics. Among the 118 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised, including a new review on Neutrinos in Cosmology.Starting with this edition, the Review is divided into two volumes. Volume 1 includes the Summary Tables and all review articles. Volume 2 consists of the Particle Listings. Review articles that were previously part of the Listings are now included in volume 1.The complete Review (both volumes) is published online on the website of the Particle Data Group (http://pdg.lbl.gov) and in a journal. Volume 1 is available in print as the PDG Book. A Particle Physics Booklet with the Summary Tables and essential tables, figures, and equations from selected review articles is also available.The 2018 edition of the Review of Particle Physics should be cited as: M. Tanabashi et al. (Particle Data Group), Phys. Rev. D 98, 030001 (2018).
Such data are in demand now, because they, most likely, may explain the dramatic disagreement of proton electromagnetic form factors measurements in the polarization transfer experiments at TJNAF with previous unpolarized measurements using a Rosenbluth separation technique.

Experiment was performed recently at VEPP-3 storage ring at the energy of positron/electron beams of 1.6 GeV and at e + /e -scattering angles around 20 • and 65 • .

We report the experiment on a precise comparison of (e + p) and (e -p) elastic scattering cross sections, which gives a direct experimental evidence for the two-photon exchange contribution to this reaction. The preliminary results for the cross sections ratio R = σ (e + p)/σ (e -p) are presented.
Актуальность исследованияпродиктована необходимостью разработки математических моделей СВЧ-нагрева и МВ-сушки влажных материалов для получения технологически оптимальных и экономически выгодных режимов. Настоящая публикация является продолжением статей тех же авторов в «Известия Томского политехнического университета. Инжиниринг георесурсов», в которой с помощью математического моделирования подробно был изучен процесс на первой и второй стадиях сушки – стадии прогрева, когда теплообмен между поверхностью влажного тела и окружающей средой осуществляется за счет радиации и конвекции, а СВЧ-энергия поглощается поверхностным слоем из-за малой её глубины проникновения, а также стадии постоянной скорости сушки.

Построены асимптотические решения этой нелинейной задачи для малых и больших значений безразмерного времени, востребованные инженерной практикой, как для параметрического анализа, так и для проведения оперативных расчетов. Подход, связанный с рассмотрением третьей стадии – стадии падающей скорости сушки, основан на установлении базового уравнения сушки, которое обеспечивает взаимосвязь между теплообменом и влагообменом с помощью критерия Ребиндера. Цель: постановка задачитретьего этапа СВЧ-сушки влажного материала – этапа падающей скорости сушки– и реализация теоретического решения по определению распределения температурного поля по толщине слоя ивеличины скорости сушки. Объектом исследования является плоский слойвлажного материала – уголь, песок,древесина и др. капиллярно-пористые массивы, на которые воздействует СВЧ-излучение. Такие материалы обладают высокой диэлектрической проницаемостью и как следствие весьма эффективно поглощают СВЧ-излучение, которое почти на 100 % преобразуется в тепловую энергию. Методы исследованиясвязаны с математическим моделированием, в основе которых лежат уравнения электродинамики Максвелла и тепловлагопереноса А.В. Лыкова. В данной статье при оценке параметров тепловлагопереноса учет теплообмена ведется более детально, нежели массообмена. Также одной из особенностей данной задачи электромагнитной сушкиявляется рассмотрение материалов с малой глубиной поглощения, в силу чего в системе уравнений для нагрева источниковый член находится в граничном условии.

В результате исследованийбыли определены температура и влагосодержание подсушиваемого тела в режиме падающей скорости сушки, получены расчетные соотношения аналитического характера для малых и больших параметров времени.
The aim of this paper is to present a few versions of the Riemann-Hurwitz formula for a regular branched covering of graphs.By a graph, we mean a finite connected multigraph.The genus of a graph is defined as the rank of the first homology group.We consider a finite group acting on a graph, possibly with fixed and invertible edges, and the respective factor graph.Then, the obtained Riemann-Hurwitz formula relates genus of the graph with genus of the factor graph and orders of the vertex and edge stabilisers.
Cancer genomes accumulate nucleotide sequence variations that number in the tens of thousands per genome. A prominent fraction of these mutations is thought to arise as a consequence of the off-target activity of DNA/RNA editing cytosine deaminases. These enzymes, collectively called activation induced deaminase (AID)/APOBECs, deaminate cytosines located within defined DNA sequence contexts. The resulting changes of the original C:G pair in these contexts (mutational signatures) provide indirect evidence for the participation of specific cytosine deaminases in a given cancer type. The conventional method used for the analysis of mutable motifs is the consensus approach.

Here, for the first time, we have adopted the frequently used weight matrix (sequence profile) approach for the analysis of mutagenesis and provide evidence for this method being a more precise descriptor of mutations than the sequence consensus approach.

We confirm that while mutational footprints of APOBEC1, APOBEC3A, APOBEC3B, and APOBEC3G are prominent in many cancers, mutable motifs characteristic of the action of the humoral immune response somatic hypermutation enzyme, AID, are the most widespread feature of somatic mutation spectra attributable to deaminases in cancer genomes. Overall, the weight matrix approach reveals that somatic mutations are significantly associated with at least one AID/APOBEC mutable motif in all studied cancers.
The paper is focused on study of non-stationary piecewise-linear processes on Poisson point flows with independent identically distributed random variables at support points.

An approach to calculate the correlation function of the process on the base of the total probability formula is considered. A general expression for the correlation function of a non-stationary process is obtained. Particular cases are considered.

Using the method of direct simulation, it is shown numerically that the correlation function of the process has a point of inflection.
In this study we present Raman spectroscopy data obtained from a naturally occurring orthorhombic nyerereite (Na,K) 2 Ca(CO 3 ) 2 from the Oldoinyo Lengai volcano (Tanzania) at ambient and high temperature. Nyerereite was heated up to 300 °C, 400 °C and 500 °C, and is believed to have been transformed at high temperatures to hexagonal β‐ and γ‐phases similar to zemkorite, (Na,K) 2 Ca(CO 3 ) 2 . There are no major differences in the chemical composition of natural nyerereite and zemkorite. However, Raman spectra reveal significant differences between the nyerereite at ambient temperature and the phases obtained in the course of all our high‐temperature experiments. In situ measurements show that none of the high‐temperature hexagonal phases are quenchable, even at very high cooling rates (up to 50–80 °C/min), and they transform to nyerereite at ambient temperature. Contrary to previous studies even the presence of high K 2 O (up to 7.5 wt.%) did not stabilize the hexagonal structure during cooling. The cooling rates in our experiments were much higher than those at natural magmatic or hydrothermal systems; therefore hexagonal zemkorite is not likely to survive within natural systems as it transforms to nyerereite at ambient conditions. Thus, we do not expect to find zemkorite in any magmatic, metasomatic or hydrothermal rocks exposed at the Earth's surface. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A tamoxifen–homocysteine conjugate provides a tool to prepare a multifunctionalized albumin theranostic

preparation of multifunctionalized albumin theranostic using tamoxifen–homocysteine conjugate

with a significant cytotoxicity on the malignant cells
The donor has a heterozygous mutation in the VPS13B gene, which manifests in her child as Cohen syndrome. It is a Golgi pathology, characterized by postnatal microcephaly and delayed growth and mental development. However, the process underlying pathological changes leading to the onset of the disease is still unknown.

The human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines, iCS-MAF1-1 and iCS-MAF1-11, were generated from fibroblasts.

The use of iPSC will allow describing the early stages of neurogenesis, which is undoubtedly relevant for identifying key stages of development, at which phenotypic manifestations of mutations in the VPS13B gene are found.
Alkali metal promoters have been widely employed for preparation of heterogeneous catalysts used in many industrially important reactions. However, the fundamentals of their effects are usually difficult to access. Herein, we unravel mechanistic and kinetic aspects of the role of alkali metals in CO
The purpose of this study is to show the patterns of distribution of disseminated sulfide in layered rocks based on the numerous geochemical and mineralogical data obtained for eight boreholes of the Norilsk intrusion (southern part of the Norilsk 1 deposit).

There is a common trend of sulfide liquid fractionation in the Main Ore Horizon, which is composed of picritic and taxite (or olivine) gabbro-dolerites: the Ni/Cu in both rock types decreases down all sections, indicating an increase in the degree of fractionation of the sulfide liquid from top to bottom. On the contrary, the Ni/Fe ratios in pentlandite increase in this direction due to an increase in sulfur fugacity. However, picrite and taxite/olivine gabbro-dolerites are very distinctly separated by Ni/Cu values: these values are >1 in picritic gabbro-dolerite while they are always <1 in taxite/olivine gabbro-dolerite. These rock types are distinguished by sulfide assemblages. The first includes troilite, Fe-rich pentlandite, chalcopyrite, cubanite, talnahite, bornite and copper (low sulfur association); the second one is composed of monoclinic pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, Ni-rich pentlandite and pyrite (high sulfur association).

A two-stage magma injection with different ore specializations is supposed for picritic and taxite/olivine gabbro-dolerites.
Methylotrophic yeasts have been used as the platform for expression of heterologous proteins since the 1980’s. They are highly productive and allow producing eukaryotic proteins with an acceptable glycosylation level. The first Pichia pastoris-based system for expression of recombinant protein was developed on the basis of the treeexudate-derived strain obtained in the US southwest. Being distributed free of charge for scientific purposes, this system has become popular around the world. As methylotrophic yeasts were classified in accordance with biomolecular markers, strains used for production of recombinant protein were reclassified as Komagataella phaffii. Although patent legislation suggests free access to these yeasts, they have been distributed on a contract basis. Whereas their status for commercial use is undetermined, the search for alternative stains for expression of recombinant protein continues. Strains of other species of methylotrophic yeasts have been adapted, among which the genus Ogataearepresentatives prevail. Despite the phylogenetic gap between the genus Ogataeaand the genus Komagataellarepresentatives, it turned out possible to use classic vectors and promoters for expression of recombinant protein in all cases. There exist expression systems based on other strains of the genus Komagataellaas well as the genus Candida. The potential of these microorganisms for genetic engineering is far from exhausted. Both improvement of existing expression systems and development of new ones on the basis of strains obtained from nature are advantageous. Historically, strains obtained on the southwest of the USA were used as expression systems up to 2009. Currently, expression systems based on strains obtained in Thailand are gaining popularity. Since this group of microorganisms is widely represented around the world both in nature and in urban environments, it may reasonably be expected that new expression systems for recombinant proteins based on strains obtained in other regions of the globe will appear.
Mounting evidence points to a role for endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cell signaling, including in the control of cell proliferation, differentiation, and fate. However, the function of ROS and their molecular regulation in embryonic mouse neural progenitor cells (eNPCs) has not yet been clarified.

Here, we describe that physiological ROS are required for appropriate timing of neurogenesis in the developing telencephalon in vivo and in cultured NPCs, and that the tumor suppressor p53 plays a key role in the regulation of ROS-dependent neurogenesis. p53 loss of function leads to elevated ROS and early neurogenesis, while restoration of p53 and antioxidant treatment partially reverse the phenotype associated with premature neurogenesis. Furthermore, we describe that the expression of a number of neurogenic and oxidative stress genes relies on p53 and that both p53 and ROS-dependent induction of neurogenesis depend on PI3 kinase/phospho-Akt signaling.

Our results suggest that p53 fine-tunes endogenous ROS levels to ensure the appropriate timing of neurogenesis in eNPCs. This may also have implications for the generation of tumors of neurodevelopmental origin.
the known Koval model

A new one-dimensional kinematic model of viscous fingers growth is proposed. This model is based on the assumption of an intermediate layer formation. The shear instability of the flow is developed in this layer due to intensive mixing of liquids of different viscosities. The thickness of the intermediate layer between outer ones is determined by the velocity difference in the layers.

The results of the calculation of the growth rate of the fingers in the framework of this model are in a good agreement with the calculations carried out on the basis of more general two-dimensional equations as well as with the known Koval model.
Charoitite is a unique rock in the alkaline-carbonatite Murun Complex, Eastern Siberia, Russia with an occurrence of many rare minerals.

Here we report a comprehensive summary on mineralogy, major and trace element characteristics of the Ca-(K)-(Na) silicate minerals from charoitites, including charoite, tinaksite, tokkoite, pectolite, fedorite, miserite, agrellite, frankamenite, and hydroxyapophyllite-(K). All these minerals belong to Ca-(K)-(Na) silicates. The content of Al, Fe, and Mg in these silicates is insignificant, though the presence of pyroxene, amphibole, and K-feldspar shows that these elements were present in the system. The high and variable concentration of water, CO2 and F in the majority of the minerals indicates a hydrous- and volatile-rich environment of crystallization. The trace element data show that rare Ca-(K)-(Na) silicate minerals of charoitites are characterized by relatively low content (typically < 0.1 wt%) of trace elements such as Nb, Ta, Th, U, Zr and Rb. The majority of trace elements likely acted not as structural components defining mineral structures, but as trace impurities. The REE distribution patterns show that LREE enrichment and HREE depletion are characteristic for most of the Ca-(K)-(Na) silicates in charoitite, whereas tokkoite and coarse-grained tinaksite could show HREE enrichment. The REE patterns are characterized by the absence of any significant Eu anomaly, indicating the absence of Eu2+ and significant plagioclase fractionation.

The initial purple/lilac color of charoite related to Mn can be changed to brown or white color, by weathering and oxidation processes that were associated with the loss of K and Na but retained the trace elements including Mn. The fractionation of trace elements between minerals of charoitites is consistent with their typical geochemical properties and the main reason for the mineralogical diversity of charoitites likely was the limited degree of solid solutions in Ca-(K)-(Na) minerals.