Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
In the approach to the inverse problems, based on the sensitivity operators, the inverse problem is transformed into the family of quasi-linear operator equations. The sensitivity operator is constructed of the ensemble of the adjoint problem solutions corresponding to different adjoint problems source functions. Hence, from the theoretical point of view, sensitivity operator-based algorithms can be efficiently parallelized. The paper’s objective is to carry out the experimental study of the algorithm computation time for the different number of computation cores.
Background.Winter crops are the most productive component of agricultural biocenoses. In Russia, winter wheat suffers the greatest losses in winter, so a search for traits marking high or low winter hardiness in autumn-sown genotypes, including improved cultivars, is needed to assess their potential for overwintering. One of such markers of high winter hardiness is an increased lignin content in plant tissues. The terminal enzyme in the phenylpropanoid pathway of metabolism, wherein lignin components are formed, is cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD, EC 1.1.1.195). In plants, the CAD enzyme is one of the links in the aromatic metabolism, which generates, in addition to lignin, a number of aromatic compounds, such as lignans, aromatic glycosides, etc. Many of these compounds, like lignin, contain chromophore groups and are capable of autofluorescence. Correlations of the genotypes that incorporate CAD1-F with overwintering are studied in this work. Materials and methods.The winter bread wheat cultivars ‘Zitnica’ (Yugoslavia) and ‘Novosibirskaya 9’ (ICG SB RAS, Russia), contrasting in winter hardiness and CAD isozyme spectra, their hybrids, and 28 improved winter cultivars developed in Krasnodar were selected for the study. Fluorescence analysis of 28 winter wheat cultivars was also performed. Correlation coefficients between fluorescence and frost tolerance were calculated using the results of the analysis of 7 most contrasting cultivars. Conclusions. The tested winter bread wheat genotypes demonstrated the interplay between CAD1-F and successful overwintering: a correlation was found in the genotypes carrying the 00 CAD1-F allele with higher percentage of overwintered plants. This dependence was not observed in every season. The analysis of seedling sections for fluorescence can also be used for preliminary assessment of winter tolerance in winter bread wheat under laboratory conditions.
As the diffusion battery separates particles into several fractions according to their diffusivity, the total spectrum can be represented as the sum of spectra of fractions.

The algorithm of the analytical inversion of aerosol size distribution is proposed in this work. Analytical formulas are derived to calculate mean diameters for particles in different fractions using diffusion battery penetrations as input parameters. The spectra of fractions are approximated by lognormal functions. Two analytical solutions for the aerosol size distribution inversion problem are discussed. The sizing accuracy of analytical solutions is investigated, comparing them with the measurements through transmission electron microscopy using the laboratory-generated NaCl aerosol. To improve the peak resolution, the procedure of spectrum correction is applied.

The agreement is demonstrated to be within 10% accuracy. It is shown that in case of two-mode size distribution, the spectrum components are well resolved for rather distant peaks (modal diameters of 10 and 300 nm) and poorly resolved for nearby modes (50 and 300 nm). Finally, the peak resolution is experimentally verified for the laboratory-generated two-mode spectra of tungsten oxide–NaCl aerosol with the modal diameters of 10 and 60 nm, respectively. Both analytical solutions demonstrated good peak resolution.
The open-source code ADDA is based on the discrete dipole approximation (DDA) – a numerically exact method derived from the frequency-domain volume-integral Maxwell equation.

It can simulate interaction of electromagnetic fields (scattering and absorption) with finite 3D objects of arbitrary shape and composition. Besides standard sequential execution on CPU or GPU, ADDA can run on a multiprocessor distributed-memory system, parallelizing a single DDA calculation. This together with almost linear scaling of computational complexity with number of dipoles (discretization voxels) allows large system sizes and/or fine discretization levels. ADDA is written in C99 and is highly portable. It provides full control over the scattering geometry (particle morphology and orientation, incident beam) and allows one to calculate a wide variety of integral and angle-resolved quantities, including those related to point-dipole excitation. Moreover, ADDA can rigorously and efficiently account for plane homogeneous substrate near the particle, and employ rectangular-cuboid voxels. It also incorporates a range of state-of-the-art DDA improvements, increasing both the accuracy and computational speed of the method.

At the conference we will describe the main features of current version of ADDA with special emphasis on nanoparticles and present several simulation examples.
The results of theoretical and experimental studies aimed at the creation of matter wave interferometers with Mg atoms are presented. Atom-optical interferometers based on the Ramsey-Bordé scheme are of great interest for the development of optical frequency standards. Ultracold Mg atoms are promising for the development of an optical frequency standard with relative uncertainty and long-term frequency instability at a level of 10 −17 − 10 −18 . A long-term frequency stability of 3·10 −15 is obtained at an averaging time τ = 10 3 s while stabilizing the frequency of a ‘clock’ laser at 457 nm ( 1 S 0 → 3 P 1 transition) to narrow Ramsey-Bordé resonances of Mg atoms cooled and localized in a magneto-optical trap. The measured frequency stability is determined by the stability of the measurement system based on an optical frequency comb stabilized to the optical frequency of a Yb:YAG/I 2 standard. We also present the results of theoretical studies aimed at the use of Mg atom interferometers based on Bragg diffraction for quantum sensing.
The Turkic peoples represent a diverse collection of ethnic groups defined by the Turkic languages. These groups have dispersed across a vast area, including Siberia, Northwest China, Central Asia, East Europe, the Caucasus, Anatolia, the Middle East, and Afghanistan. The origin and early dispersal history of the Turkic peoples is disputed, with candidates for their ancient homeland ranging from the Transcaspian steppe to Manchuria in Northeast Asia. Previous genetic studies have not identified a clear-cut unifying genetic signal for the Turkic peoples, which lends support for language replacement rather than demic diffusion as the model for the Turkic language's expansion. We addressed the genetic origin of 373 individuals from 22 Turkic-speaking populations, representing their current geographic range, by analyzing genome-wide high-density genotype data. In agreement with the elite dominance model of language expansion most of the Turkic peoples studied genetically resemble their geographic neighbors. However, western Turkic peoples sampled across West Eurasia shared an excess of long chromosomal tracts that are identical by descent (IBD) with populations from present-day South Siberia and Mongolia (SSM), an area where historians center a series of early Turkic and non-Turkic steppe polities. While SSM matching IBD tracts (> 1cM) are also observed in non-Turkic populations, Turkic peoples demonstrate a higher percentage of such tracts (p-values ≤ 0.01) compared to their non-Turkic neighbors. Finally, we used the ALDER method and inferred admixture dates (~9th–17th centuries) that overlap with the Turkic migrations of the 5th–16th centuries. Thus, our results indicate historical admixture among Turkic peoples, and the recent shared ancestry with modern populations in SSM supports one of the hypothesized homelands for their nomadic Turkic and related Mongolic ancestors.
Large-eddy simulations are performed to investigate the cavitating flow around two dimensional hydrofoil section with angle of attack of 9° and high Reynolds number of 1.3×10 6 . We use the Schnerr-Sauer model for accurate phase transitions modelling. Instantaneous velocity fields are compared successfully with PIV data using the methodology of conditional averaging to take into account only the liquid phase characteristics as in PIV. The presence of two frequencies in a spectrum corresponding to the full and partial cavity detachments is analysed.
The Septoriablotch of spring wheat leaves and ears is one of the most economically significant infections in the Siberian region. In the control systems of Septoriablotch the main ecologically safe element is resistant varieties, which are designed to slow down the pathogens reproduction rate and slow down or stop the development of the epiphytotic process.

The purpose of the work was to clarify the species composition of Septoriablotch pathogens for West Siberian regions and spring wheat varieties, to study the epiphytotic process of Septoriadifferentially on the leaves and ears of varieties, and to evaluate the activity of seed transmission of Parastagonospora nodorum. Studies were carried out in 2016–2018 according to generally accepted methods.

Septorialeaf and ear blotch of spring wheat is widespread in West Siberia and the Trans-Urals, causing a decrease in yield by up to 50 % or more with the deterioration in grain quality. The causative agents of the disease are P. nodorum, Septoria tritici, and P. avenaef. sp. triticae, and the species ratio varied across the regions and varieties, and within plant organs. In Novosibirsk Region, P. nodorumcompletely dominated; S. triticiwas 13.8 times less common; and P. avenae f. sp. triticaewas a singleton. In Tyumen Region, the dominance of P. nodorumwas disrupted in some geographic locations by S. triticiand P. avenaef. sp. triticae. In Altai Krai, P. nodorumpredominated at all points studied; S. tritici and P. avenaef. sp. triticaewere found everywhere, but 5.6 and 8.6 times less often, respectively. The study of spring wheat varieties of different origins has not revealed any samples immune to Septoriablotch. A differen tiated manifestation of resistance to Septorialeaf and ear disease has been established. Some varieties show complex resistance, combining reduced susceptibility to Septorialeaf and ear disease. Seed infection with P. nodorumin the regions of Siberia reached 7 thresholds and was largely (52.5 %) determined by the August weather conditions. The study of the collection of spring wheat varieties from three Siberian regions has revealed the following trend. Transmission of P. nodorumwith the seeds of varieties was the most active (7.6 %) in Novosibirsk Region and somewhat weaker in Omsk Region (5.7 %). The most favorable phytosanitary situation was in Kurgan Region, where varieties transmitted P. nodorumto a low degree (2.1 %), below the threshold.
Buckypapers (BPs) with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are very promising for a lot of applications, in which their high conductance, strength and small weight are required. In this work, isotropic BPs were prepared using the solution-based deposition that includes the single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) dispersion and the dispersion filtration from a solvent. To increase the BP conductivity, the orientation of the SWCNT bundles composing BPs and a following iodine doping were applied. The method of extrusion through the narrow (300 µm) gap was used for the SWCNT orientation. The temperature dependences of conductance for isotropic, oriented and doped BPs were studied to understand the effect of CNT alignment and the mechanism of transport through SWCNT BPs. It was shown that bundle orientation increases the BP conductivity from ~10 3 S × cm -1 to ~10 4 S × cm -1 , and iodine doping of oriented samples additionally increase the conductivity by an order. The fluctuation – assisted tunneling between CNT bundles was used to describe the mechanism of low temperature conductivity.
Aim To evaluate changes in left ventricular (LV) systolic function by LV myocardial global longitudinal strain (GLS) and global strain rate (GSR) in patients with arterial hypertension (AH) and based on the effectiveness of blood pressure (BP) control in a Russian population sample of individuals older than 55 years.Materials and methods This cross-sectional study was a population-based cohort study (HAPIEE, Novosibirsk). LV myocardial GLS and GSR were studied by echocardiography in a random sample (n=1004, 55-84 years). Statistical analysis was performed with multivariate models of logistic regression.Results AH prevalence in the study sample was 78.4 %. Mean GLS was 19.1 % (SD, 4.07), which was less for men than for women (p=0.001). Mean GSR was 0.86 s-1 (SD, 0.19) and was not different between men and women. In individuals with AH, the GLS absolute value was lower than in normotensive people (18.8 %; SD, 4.04 vs. 20.2 %; SD, 4.03, p˂0.001); these differences remained irrespective of the age, gender, body weight index (BWI) (p=0.027), and LV mass index (p=0.05). When people with AH were divided into groups, the lowest GLS absolute values were observed among "ineffectively treated" or not receiving any therapy individuals (p<0.001 vs. normotensive group). AH 1.6 times increased the risk of LV GLS decrease. In individuals with AH, the GSR absolute value was lower than in normotensive people (- 0.85 s-1 (SD, 0.19) vs.- 0.92 s-1 (SD, 0.18), p<0.001); this difference remained in multivariate models. The lowest GSR absolute values were observed in the "ineffectively treated" group irrespective of the gender, age, and BWI (p=0.036 vs. normotensive group). AH doubled the risk of LV GSR decrease, which could be partially explained by the contribution of BWI and myocardial mass index.Conclusion In this population sample, LV GLS and GSR were independently associated with AH. The lowest GLS and GSR values were observed for ineffectively treated" individuals with AH, which may reflect an early decline of LV systolic function with inadequate control of AH.
Leishmaniasis is a prevalent tropical disease caused by more than 20 Leishmania species (Protozoa, Kinetoplastida and Trypanosomatidae). Among different clinical forms of the disease, cutaneous leishmaniasis is the most common form, with an annual 0.6-1 million new cases reported worldwide. This disease's standard treatment is pentavalent antimonial (SbV) that have been used successfully since the first half of the 20th century as a first-line drug. However, treatment failure is an increasing problem that is persistently reported from endemic areas. It is important to define and standardize tests for drug resistance in cutaneous leishmaniasis. SbV must be reduced to its trivalent active form (SbIII). This reduction occurs within the host macrophage, and the resultant SbIIIenters amastigotes via the aquaglyceroporin1 (AQP1) membrane carrier. Overexpression of AQP1 results in hypersensitivity of the parasites to SbIII, but resistant phenotypes accompany reduced expression, inactivation mutations, or deletion of AQP1.

Hence, in this study, a phylogenetic analysis using barcode gene COXII and kDNA minicircle and expression analysis of AQP1 were performed in treatment failure isolates to assess the isolates' molecular characteristics and to verify possible association with drug response. Samples in this study were collected from patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis referred to the Diagnosis Laboratory Center in Isfahan Province, Iran, from October 2017 to December 2019. Among them, five isolates (code numbers 1-5) were categorized as treatment failures. The PCR amplification of barcode gene COXII and kDNA minicircle were done and subsequently analyzed using MEGA (10.0.5) to perform phylogenetics analysis of Treatment failures (TF) and Treatment response (TR) samples. Relative quantification of the AQP1 gene expression of TF and TR samples was assessed by real-time PCR.

All samples were classified as L. major. No amplification failure was observed in the cases of barcode gene COXII and kDNA minicircle amplification. Having excluded the sequences with complete homology using maximum parsimony with the Bootstrap 500 method, four major groups were detected to perform phylogenetic analysis using COXII. The phylogenetic analysis using the barcode target of minicircle showed that all five treatment failure isolates were grouped in a separate sub-clade. We concluded that the barcode gene COXII and the minicircle kDNA were suitable for identification, differentiation and phylogenetic analysis in treatment failure clinical isolates of Leishmania major. Also, AQP1 gene expression analyses showed that treatment failure isolates had less expression than TR isolates. The isolate with TF and overexpression of the AQP1 gene of other molecular mechanisms such as overexpression of ATP-binding cassette may be involved in the TR, such as overexpression of ATP-binding cassette which requires further research.
Spring bread wheat is the staple crop in Western Siberia and Kazakhstan, a significant portion of which goes for export. Wheat breeding with a high level of zinc in wheat grain is the most cost-effective and environmentally friendly way to address zinc deficiency in the diet.

The purpose of this work was to evaluate the contribution of the factors 'location' and 'genotype' in the variability of zinc content in wheat grain, and to identify the best varieties as sources of this trait for breeding. The research on screening zinc content in the wheat grain of 49 spring bread wheat varieties from the KazakhstanSiberia Spring Wheat Trial (KASIB) nursery was carried out at 4 sites in Russia (Chelyabinsk, Omsk, Tyumen, Novosibirsk) and 2 sites in Kazakhstan (Karabalyk and Shortandy) in 2017–2018. The content of zinc in wheat grain was evaluated at the Ionomic Facility of University of Nottingham in the framework of the EU project European Plant Phenotyping Network-2020.

The analysis of variance showed that the main contribution into the general phenotypic variation of the studied trait, 38.7 %, was made by the factor 'location' due to different contents of zinc and moisture in the soil of trial sites; the effect of the factor 'year' was 13.5 %, and the effect of the factor 'genotype' was 8.0 %. The most favorable environmental conditions for accumulation of zinc in wheat grain were observed in the Omsk region. In Omsk, the average zinc content in all studied varieties was 50.4 mg/kg, with 63.7 mg/kg in the best variety 'OmGAU 100'. These values are higher than the target values of the international program Harvest Plus. 'Novosibirskaya 16' (49.4 mg/kg), 'Silach' (48.4 mg/kg), 'Line 4-10-16' (47.2 mg/kg), 'Element 22' (46.3 mg/kg) and 'Lutescens 248/01' (46.0 mg/kg) were identified as being the best varieties. Significant possibilities for the production of wheat grain with high zinc content, which is in demand for the production of bread and pastry products with functional properties, were identified in the Western Siberian region.
When analyzing a 1D time series, it is traditional to represent it as the sum of the trend, cyclical components and noise. The trend is seen as an external influence. However, the impact can be not only additive, but also multiplicative. In this case, not only the level changes, but also the amplitude of the cyclic components.

In the PCA-Seq method, a generalization of SSA, it is possible to pre-standardize fragments of a time series to solve this problem. The algorithm is applied to the Anderson series – a sign alternating version of the well-known Wolf series, reflecting the 22-year Hale cycle.

The processing of the series by the PCA-Seq method revealed clear oscillations fluctuations of almost constant amplitude with an average period of 21.9 years, and it was found that the correlation of these oscillations with the time axis for 300 years does not differ significantly from zero. This confirms the hypothesis of the existence of 22-year oscillations in solar activity even at its minima, like the Maunder minimum.
The article introduces single findings of bronze armament objects that were gathered in the course of an expeditionary journey during 1840–1843 on the territory of the Irtysh region (within the limits of southern steppe regions of Western Siberia, Altai Steppes and Eastern Kazakhstan) by a famous Russian scientist, botanist, officer of Saint Petersburg Botanical Gardens Alexander Gustav von Schrenck.

The archaeological objects gathered by the explorer are presently stored in the collection of the Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography of RAS in Saint Petersburg. They include various objects of armament and accessories of horse harness. The archaeological objects considered in the article are armament objects of close and hand-to-hand combats of ancient nomads. They are analyzed and classified on formal grounds according to the previously developed scientific methodology. The collection features a bronze spearhead with a bilobated feather and conical plug, a bronze dagger with a guard and a top and two bronze plug chisels with tetrahedral and circular peen and elongated butt ends. We provide some comments on chronology and the territory where similar objects were found in the sites of the Early Iron Age in Eurasian Steppe. Our classification is based on analogues of the objects studied, which were found at several archaeological sites on the contiguous territories of Southern Siberia and Central Asia. We also made certain assumptions on the cultural identity of the findings of the bronze armament objects of close and hand-to-hand combats which we analyzed.

Having considered the analogues, we refer the objects of the ancient bronze weapon studied as a part of the museum collection and stored there, which were gathered on the territory of the Irtysh Region in the middle of the 19th century by A. G. von Schrenck, to the complex of battlefield assets of the ancient Eurasian Steppe nomads of Scythian times. The analysis provided and our introduction of these materials expands the range of available sources on armament and military science of the ancient nomadic population gathered by A. G. von Schrenck in several regions of Northern and Central Asia.
The study was devoted to the study of the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia (hyper-Chol) and hypercholesterolemia of low density lipoproteins (hyper-LDL-C) against the background of abdominal obesity (AO) in a population aged 25–44 years in Novosibirsk. Material and methods . A crosssectional survey of the population aged 25–44 years in Novosibirsk (Russia) was carried out. 1415 people were examined, including 670 men (47.3 %) and 745 women (52.7 %), pregnant women or being on maternity leave were not included in the study). All subjects were assessed for the presence of AO, hyper-Chol and hyper-LDL-C. Results . Individuals with AO had higher average values of total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol. The prevalence of hyper-Chol in individuals with AO was 1.3 times higher and hyper-LDL-C – 1.2 times higher than in individuals without AO. In women with AO, the prevalence of hyper-Chol was 1.2 times higher and hyper-LDL-C – 1.3 times higher than in women without AO. In men with AO, the prevalence of hyper-Chol was 1.4 times higher and hyper-LDL-C – 1.2 times higher than in men without AO. When conducting logistic regression analysis, it was found that in a young population under 45 years of age, abdominal obesity was significantly associated with the presence of atherogenic hypercholesterolemia in both sexes. In men, significant associations of AO with both hyper-Chol and hyper-LDL-C were noted, in women – only with hyper-LDL-C. Conclusions . A population study of young people (25–44 years old) revealed associations of atherogenic hypercholesterolemia with abdominal obesity.