Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Objective: The role of pulse pressure ’widening’ at older age, as a cardiovascular risk factor is still controversial. 24-hour ambulatory pulse pressure (PP) was previously expressed as a sum of two components: ’elastic’ PP (elPP) and 'stiffening’ PP (stPP) associated, respectively, with arterial stiffness at diastole and the change in stiffness during systole. We investigated the association of PP, elPP and stPP (’PP variables’) with mortality and composite cardiovascular (CV) events in different age classes. Design and method: Longitudinal population-based cohort study of adults from Europe, Asia, and South America with baseline observations, including 24-hour ambulatory BP. Age classes were age < 50, 50–60, 60–70, and > 70 year. Co-primary endpoints were total mortality and composite CV events. Hazard ratios (HRs) per 1-SD increase in the PP variables were calculated from multivariable adjusted Cox regression models. Results: The 11,848 participants from 13 cohorts (age 53 ± 16, 50% males) were followed up for 13.4 ± 6.9 years. A total of 2946 participants died (18.1 per 1000 person-years) and 2093 experienced a fatal or non-fatal cardiovascular event (12.9 per 1000 person-years). PP components were uncorrelated (r = -0.07), and the ratio stPP/elPP was 0.143. PP and elPP showed a curvilinear relationship with age reaching a nadir around middle-age, whereas stPP steadily increased from age 30 years onwards. In persons ?50 years of age, but not in those < 50 years, both PP and elPP were associated with increased risk for the primary endpoints. For total mortality and cardiovascular events hazard ratios for PP decreased from 50–60 years old participants to those aged > 70 years (P < 0.02); from 1.29[95%CI: 1.13–1.46] to 1.11[1.05–1.15], and from 1.40[1.24–1.58] to 1.16[1.10–1.23], respectively, and for elPP for cardiovascular events; from 1.29[1.14–1.45] to 1.16[1.09–1.23]. On the other hand, stPP was associated with increased risk for the primary endpoints in subjects 50 to 60 years of age but not in the older age groups. Conclusions: The age-related increase in PP variables is not reflected in a corresponding PP-associated increase in cardiovascular risk. Results support the view that normal ageing weakens the association of PP variables with CV risk.
The X-band Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy endstation at the Novosibirsk Free Electron Laser (NovoFEL) facility is capable for steady-state (CW) EPR and time-resolved (TR) continuous wave EPR experiments. Recently several upgrades in experimental hardware and software have been done, aiming to more productively use the time of experimental session and to increase the control of experimental parameters during the session. Firstly, we installed detectors with different time resolution for tracking radiation produced by NovoFEL. Secondly, on the basic of fsc2 program, we implemented a possibility of a simultaneous use of two oscilloscopes, configured at different timescale and/or sensitivity. Finally, we developed software for on-the-fly CW and TR experimental data viewing and treatment.
Photochemistry of Fe(III) hydroxocomplexes has a great interest because of possibility of hydroxyl radical formation at the primary photochemical step. This mechanism is based mainly on the analysis of the final products of photochemical reactions between light‐excited Fe(III) complexes and organic compounds. However, realization of an alternative mechanism of photolysis, based on the intermolecular electron transfer from organic molecules located in the second coordination sphere to the light‐excited complex could take place. To distinguish these mechanisms, the experiments on the nanosecond laser flash photolysis of Fe(OH) aq 2+ in water solutions (pH 3) with organic additives; namely nitrobenzene, N,N‐dimethylformamide, and phenol have been performed. And the formation of the organic radicals Ph(•OH)NO 2 , HCON(CH 2 •)(CH 3 ), and Ph(OH) 2 •, was observed, respectively. The rate constants of the formation and decay of the radicals coincide with those found in literature. The results support the formation of the hydroxyl radical upon the photolysis of Fe(OH) aq 2+.
Пðèвîäèòñÿ äåòàëüíîå îïèñàíèå ðàçðåçà ñðåäíåþðñêèõ òåððèãåííûõ îòëîæåíèé íà ð.ßðåíãå (Àðõàíãåëüñêàÿ îáëàñòü) - íîâîãî ìåñòîíàõîæäåíèÿ îñòàòêîâ ìîðñêèõ ðåïòèëèé

Ñðåäè íàõîäîê ïðåîáëàäàþò ïîñòêðàíèàëüíûå ýëåìåíòû ñêåëåòà íåñêîëüêèõ îñîáåé ïëåçèîçàâðà Muraenosaurus
This research extends existing experimental data for CA tissues [1, 2] and presents the preliminary results of numerical calculations. Experiments were performed to measure aneurysm wall stiffness and the data obtained was analyzed. To reconstruct the geometry of the CAs, DICOM images of real patients with aneurysms and ITK Snap [3] were used. In addition, numerical calculations were performed in ANSYS (commercial software, License of Lavrentyev Institute of Hydrodynamics). The results of these numerical calculations show a high level of agreement with experimental data from previous literature.
The article spans the growth of journalism as a profession, analyzes the process of its institutionalization in Europe, the USA and in Russia at the turn of the 19th – 20th centuries. The focus of the article is the genesis and development of professional organizations associated with internal corporate professional reflection. The journalism as a profession was established and recognized by society and the professional community almost simultaneously in European countries, in the USA, and in Russia, in the late 19th – early 20th centuries. At the same period significant changes shocked the economic, political and social spheres of these countries. Strengthening the activities of trade unions, the spontaneous struggle of workers for their rights led almost everywhere to an increase in wages and a decrease in the length of the working day. Technical innovations improved the process of collecting and disseminating information. All these above-mentioned factors encouraged the rapid development of the mass press. Publishers and journalists faced a major challenge since society demands for journalism, as one of the most public professions, at that time was extremely high, but journalists and professional community did not meet them well. The article studies the goals and functions declared by public professional journalistic organizations. As a result of investigation the author identifies several types among these institutions: organizations that maintained and broadcasted ethical and professional standards; organizations that fought for the rights of members of the corporation; organizations that provided financial support to members of the corporation; organizations that provided training for journalists; organizations that solved commercial, business problems through the intercorporate cooperation, protection of commercial interests in relations with the state. Organizations from different countries gave priority to various aspects of journalistic activity. Whereas the first European professional journalism organizations usually joined forces of the editors, journalists, and publishers to solve ethical and social problems, in the United States commercial interests and professional ethics came to the fore, so the fight for the rights and struggle for freedom of speech were far less important. The experience of journalists of the “Progressive Era” and the “Muckrakers” indicates that this is primarily due to the characteristics of political system and traditions of the country. In Russia, the process of institutionalization of corporate relations developed in accordance with global trends, but, unlike them, under state control. The main functions of professional associations were supporting members financially, establishing and codifying ethical standards.
We observe a large negative magnetoresistance and a decrease of resistivity with increasing temperature, known as the Gurzhi effect, in a bilayer electron (BL) system formed by a wide GaAs quantum well. A hydrodynamic model for the single fluid transport parameters in narrow channels is employed and successfully describes our experimental findings. We find that the electron-electron scattering in the bilayer is more intensive in comparison with a single-band well (SW). The hydrodynamic assumption implies a strong dependence on boundary conditions, which can be characterized by slip length, describing the behavior of a liquid near the edge. Our results reveal that slip length in a BL is shorter than in a SW, and that the BL system goes deeper into the hydrodynamic regime. This is in agreement with the model proposed where the slip length is of the order of the electron-electron mean free path.
Taking advantage of the high acceptance and axial symmetry of the WASA-at-COSY detector, and the high polarization degree of the proton beam of COSY, the reaction p[over →]p→ppη has been measured close to threshold to explore the analyzing power A_{y}. The angular distribution of A_{y} is determined with the precision improved by more than 1 order of magnitude with respect to previous results, allowing a first accurate comparison with theoretical predictions. The determined analyzing power is consistent with zero for an excess energy of Q=15 MeV, signaling s-wave production with no evidence for higher partial waves. At Q=72 MeV the data reveal strong interference of Ps and Pp partial waves and cancellation of (Pp)^{2} and Ss^{*}Sd contributions. These results rule out the presently available theoretical predictions for the production mechanism of the η meson.
Tissue protection from oxidative stress by antioxidants is of vital importance for cellular metabolism. The lens mostly consists of fiber cells lacking nuclei and organelles, having minimal metabolic activity; therefore, the defense of the lens tissue from the oxidative stress strongly relies on metabolites. Protein-free extracts from lenses and gills of freshwater fish,
Al 2 O 3 :Eu 3+ nanophosphors were prepared by laser vaporization method in a flowing mixture of Ar/He and O 2 .

Luminescence properties of Al 2 O 3 :Eu 3+ nanophosphors are predominantly determined by Eu 3+ ions red emission with inhomogeneously broadened bands in the region of 550-750 nm corresponding to 5 D 0 → 7 F J transitions of Eu 3+ (J = 0 - 4). Hypersensitive electric dipole transition 5 D 0 → 7 F 2 dominates in the spectrum and is responsible for the red emission. The effect of crystallite size on luminescence properties of Al 2 O 3 :Eu 3+ nanocrystals was observed. It was shown that the introduction of oxygen during the synthesis improves the luminescence performance.

The obtained chromaticity coordinates and high absolute QY (~ 14%) indicate the possibility of using red nanophosphors based on Al 2 O 3 :Eu 3+ .
A vacuum insulated tandem accelerator was used to study the effect of blistering on the neutron yield under 2-MeV proton bombardment of lithium target. The target is a thin lithium layer evaporated onto an efficiently cooled copper substrate.

Targets with lithium thickness from 1 to 84 µm were irradiated by protons up to fluence of 6.3 1020 cm−2 which was significantly greater than the blistering threshold. The state of the targets surface was observed using long-distance microscope, video camera, infrared camera. The neutron dose was measured by dosimeters, the neutron flux density was measured by neutron detector. After irradiation, the targets were analyzed on Raman spectrometer, single crystal diffractometer, electron microscope, scanning profilometer, scanning electron microscope, atomic emission spectrometer.

The article describes the experiment, presents the results obtained and notes their significance in the enhancement of a target for the neutron source used in boron neutron capture therapy.
Traditional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy relies on the versatile chemical information conveyed by spectra. To complement conventional NMR, Laplace NMR explores diffusion and relaxation phenomena to reveal details on molecular motions.

Under a broad concept of ultrafast multidimensional Laplace NMR, here we introduce an ultrafast diffusion-relaxation correlation experiment enhancing the resolution and information content of corresponding 1D experiments as well as reducing the experiment time by one to two orders of magnitude or more as compared with its conventional 2D counterpart.

We demonstrate that the method allows one to distinguish identical molecules in different physical environments and provides chemical resolution missing in NMR spectra. Although the sensitivity of the new method is reduced due to spatial encoding, the single-scan approach enables one to use hyperpolarized substances to boost the sensitivity by several orders of magnitude, significantly enhancing the overall sensitivity of multidimensional Laplace NMR.
. We present a seismic attenuation model for the crust beneath the Cenozoic basaltic field of Harrat Lunayyir (western Saudi Arabia), where a strong seismic swarm occurred in 2009. The tomography inversion uses the envelope shape of the S wave seismograms from over 300 strong events (M < 3.5). The resulting attenuation structures appear to be consistent with the distribution of seismic velocities. The obtained 3-D attenuation model distinguishes the low-attenuation zones down to 5 km depth corresponding to the rigid basaltic cover. At greater depths, we detect a high-attenuation anomaly coinciding with the main seismicity cluster. We propose that this zone corresponds to the upper part of the conduit area ascending from deeper magma sources. According to the distributions of local events, fluids and melts from this conduit appear to reach a depth of ∼2 km, but were not able to reach the surface and cause the eruption in 2009.
For pedigree-based quantitative trait loci (QTL) association analysis, a range of methods utilizing within-family variation such as transmission-disequilibrium test (TDT)-based methods have been developed. In scenarios where stratification is not a concern, methods exploiting between-family variation in addition to within-family variation, such as the measured genotype (MG) approach, have greater power. Application of MG methods can be computationally demanding (especially for large pedigrees), making genomewide scans practically infeasible. Here we suggest a novel approach for genomewide pedigree-based quantitative trait loci (QTL) association analysis: genomewide rapid association using mixed model and regression (GRAMMAR). The method first obtains residuals adjusted for family effects and subsequently analyzes the association between these residuals and genetic polymorphisms using rapid least-squares methods. At the final step, the selected polymorphisms may be followed up with the full measured genotype (MG) analysis. In a simulation study, we compared type 1 error, power, and operational characteristics of the proposed method with those of MG and TDT-based approaches. For moderately heritable (30%) traits in human pedigrees the power of the GRAMMAR and the MG approaches is similar and is much higher than that of TDT-based approaches. When using tabulated thresholds, the proposed method is less powerful than MG for very high heritabilities and pedigrees including large sibships like those observed in livestock pedigrees. However, there is little or no difference in empirical power of MG and the proposed method. In any scenario, GRAMMAR is much faster than MG and enables rapid analysis of hundreds of thousands of markers.
We sequenced genomes from a ∼7,000 year old early farmer from Stuttgart in Germany, an ∼8,000 year old hunter-gatherer from Luxembourg, and seven ∼8,000 year old hunter-gatherers from southern Sweden. We analyzed these data together with other ancient genomes and 2,345 contemporary humans to show that the great majority of present-day Europeans derive from at least three highly differentiated populations: West European Hunter-Gatherers (WHG), who contributed ancestry to all Europeans but not to Near Easterners; Ancient North Eurasians (ANE), who were most closely related to Upper Paleolithic Siberians and contributed to both Europeans and Near Easterners; and Early European Farmers (EEF), who were mainly of Near Eastern origin but also harbored WHG-related ancestry. We model these populations’ deep relationships and show that EEF had ∼44% ancestry from a “Basal Eurasian” lineage that split prior to the diversification of all other non-African lineages.
Theoretical description of light scattering by single particles is a well-developed field, but most of it applies to particles located in vacuum or non-absorbing host medium. Although the case of absorbing host medium has also been discussed in literature, a complete description and unambiguous definition of scattering quantities are still lacking. Similar situation is for simulation methods – some computer codes exist, but their choice is very limited, compared to the case of vacuum.

Here we describe the extension of the popular open-source code ADDA to support the absorbing host medium. It is based on the discrete dipole approximation and is, thus, applicable to particles with arbitrary shape and internal structure. We performed test simulations for spheres and compared them with that using the Lorenz-Mie theory.

Moreover, we developed a unified description of the energy budget for scattering by a particle in a weakly absorbing host medium, relating all existing local (expressed as volume integrals over scatterer volume) and far-field scattering quantities.
We observe that fullerene graphs are one-skeletons of polyhedra, which can be realized with all dihedral angles equal to π /2 in a hyperbolic 3-dimensional space. One of the most important invariants of such a polyhedron is its volume. We are referring this volume as a hyperbolic volume of a fullerene. It is known that some topological indices of graphs of chemical compounds serve as strong descriptors and correlate with chemical properties.

We demonstrate that hyperbolic volume of fullerenes correlates with few important topological indices and so, hyperbolic volume can serve as a chemical descriptor too.

The correlation between hyperbolic volume of fullerene and its Wiener index suggested few conjectures on volumes of hyperbolic polyhedra. These conjectures are confirmed for the initial list of fullerenes.
The Novosibirsk Free Electron Laser (NovoFEL) facility is able to produce high-power tunable terahertz (THz) laser radiation in quasi-continuous mode. The ability to control/shape this THz radiation is required in a number of user experiments. In this work we propose a modulation approach suitable for free electron lasers based on recuperation design. It allows for generating THz macropulses of a desirable length, down to several microseconds (limited by a quality factor of FEL optical resonator). Using this approach, macropulses in the time window from several microseconds to several hundred microseconds have been shown for three possible frequency ranges: mid-infrared (~1100 cm−1), far-infrared (~200 cm−1) and THz (~40 cm−1). In each case, the observed rise and decay of the macropulse have been measured and interpreted. The advantage of using short macropulses at the maximum peak power available has been demonstrated with the time-resolved Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy.
Previously obtained conclusions about the long, during the Early Jurassic - Early Cretaceous, multi-stage history of magmatism

studying the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility in the basalts from Hooker Island, associated with the direction of the melt movement, the location of the eruption centers and the morphology of magmatic bodies

The established features of the primary magnetic fabrics correspond to the trap mechanism of formation of the volcanic province of the Franz Josef Land Archipelago and are a reflection of the simultaneous action of numerous small eruption centers. Previously obtained conclusions about the long, during the Early Jurassic - Early Cretaceous, multi-stage history of magmatism are not confirmed
An unprecedented intramolecular As-As coupling, induced by divalent samarium, is depicted on the cover. These are the first complexes of the lanthanides featuring an open chain-like polyarsenide structure. The coupling takes place within the coordination sphere of polyarsenide transition metal complexes. More information can be found in the Full Paper by S. N. Konchenko, M. Scheer, P. W. Roesky, et al. on page 7890.
At first sight, arguments for and against the notion of relativistic mass look like a notorious intra-Lilliputian quarrel between Big-Endians (those who broke their eggs at the larger end) and Little-Endians. However, upon closer inspection we discover that the relativistic mass notion is alien to the spirit of modern physics to a much greater extent than it seems. To demonstrate an abyss between the modern approach and archaic notions, in this paper we explore how the concept of mass is introduced in modern physics. This modern approach reveals a deep cohomological origin of mass.
In the 40s of the last century, Karhunen and Loève proposed a method for processing of one-dimensional numeric time series by converting it into a multidimensional by shifts. In fact, a one-dimensional number series was decomposed into several orthogonal time series. This method has many times been independently developed and applied in practice under various names (EOF, SSA, Caterpillar, etc.). Nowadays, the name SSA (the Singular Spectral Analysis) is most often used. It turned out that it is universal, applicable to any time series without requiring stationary assumptions, automatically decomposes time series into a trend, cyclic components and noise. By the beginning of the 1980s Takens showed that for a dynamical system such a method makes it possible to obtain an attractor from observing only one of these variables, thereby bringing the method to a powerful theoretical basis. In the same years, the practical benefits of phase portraits became clear. In particular, it was used in the analysis and forecast of the animal abundance dynamics. In this paper we propose to extend SSA to one-dimensional sequence of any type elements, including numbers, symbols, figures, etc., and, as a special case, to molecular sequence. Technically, the problem is solved almost the same algorithm as the SSA. The sequence is cut by a sliding window into fragments of a given length. Between all fragments, the matrix of Euclidean distances is calculated. This is always possible. For example, the square root from the Hamming distance between fragments is the Euclidean distance. For the resulting matrix, the principal components are calculated by the principal-coordinate method (PCo). Instead of a distance matrix one can use a matrix of any similarity/dissimilarity indexes and apply methods of multidimensional scaling (MDS). The result will always be PCs in some Euclidean space. We called this method PCA-Seq. It is certainly an exploratory method, as its particular case SSA. For any sequence, including molecular, PCA-Seq without any additional assumptions allows to get its principal components in a numerical form and visualize them in the form of phase portraits. Long-term experience of SSA application for numerical data gives all reasons to believe that PCA-Seq will be not less useful in the analysis of non-numerical data, especially in hypothesizing. PCA-Seq is implemented in the freely distributed Jacobi 4 package ( http://mrherrn.github.io/JACOBI4/ ).