Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
With using mathematical modeling methods of creating a cloud of inert particles due to the breakthrough of a high-pressure chamber (HPC), as well as due to a jet of suspension of inert particles was studied.

The flow fields were described in the interaction of an inert cloud with a heterogeneous detonation wave.

The possibility of detonation weakening and failure in the channel were shown. The drawbacks of the obtained method of particle propagation were described.
In this article we print out preliminary results of an amplitude analysis of the $e^+e^-\to 4\pi$ process.

The amplitude analysis is performed using experimental data from the CMD-3 detector at the VEPP-2000 collider in the energy range 0.9--2.007 GeV.

In the study the dominance of the $e^+e^- \to \omega \pi^0 \to 4 \pi$ and $e^+e^- \to a_1(1260) \pi \to 4\pi$ amplitudes is proved, as well as sizable contributions of the $\rho^+\rho^-, \rho f_0(980), \rho \sigma$ and etc. states are observed. The obtained amplitude is used for the test of the isospin relations and hypothesis of conserved vector current (CVC).
The study of longitudinal fluxes of energy and particles is one of the most important fundamental problems in the physics of open magnetic traps. The solution to this problem is the key to the successful implementation of fusion power in linear magnetic systems. The plasma electrostatic ambipolar potential largely determines the physics of longitudinal transport of particles and energy.

In this work, we used the spectroscopic method CXRS (Charge eXchange Recombination Spectroscopy) to measure the plasma ion velocity distribution via the analysis of light emitted in this atomic process. The experiments were carried out in the gas dynamic trap (GDT), which is a linear plasma confinement system with an axially symmetric magnetic field configuration. We measured plasma potential and ion temperature of two plasma components: the main (hydrogen and deuterium) and the helium impurity. The paper presents the emission spectra of the lines H-α (656.28 nm) and He-I (667.8 nm).

This method was applied for the first time to measure the spatial profile of the ambipolar potential in an open magnetic trap.
We study a problem of energy-efficiently connecting a symmetric wireless communication network: given an n-vertex graph with edge weights, find a connected spanning subgraph of minimum cost, where the cost is determined by each vertex paying the heaviest edge incident to it in the subgraph. The problem is known to be NP-hard. Strengthening this hardness result, we show that even o(log n)-approximating the difference d between the optimal solution cost and a natural lower bound is NP-hard. Moreover, we show that under the exponential time hypothesis, there are no exact algorithms running in 2 o(n) time or in [Formula: see text] time for any computable function f. We also show that the special case of connecting c network components with minimum additional cost generally cannot be polynomial-time reduced to instances of size c O(1) unless the polynomial-time hierarchy collapses. On the positive side, we provide an algorithm that reconnects O(log n)-connected components with minimum additional cost in polynomial time. These algorithms are motivated by application scenarios of monitoring areas or where an existing sensor network may fall apart into several connected components because of sensor faults. In experiments, the algorithm outperforms CPLEX with known integer linear programming (ILP) formulations when n is sufficiently large compared with c. Summary of Contribution: Wireless sensor networks are used to monitor air pollution, water pollution, and machine health; in forest fire and landslide detection; and in natural disaster prevention. Sensors in wireless sensor networks are often battery-powered and disposable, so one may be interested in lowering the energy consumption of the sensors in order to achieve a long lifetime of the network. We study the min-power symmetric connectivity problem, which models the task of assigning transmission powers to sensors so as to achieve a connected communication network with minimum total power consumption. The problem is NP-hard. We provide perhaps the first parameterized complexity study of optimal and approximate solutions for the problem. Our algorithms work in polynomial time in the scenario where one has to reconnect a sensor network with n sensors and O(log n)-connected components by means of a minimum transmission power increase or if one can find transmission power lower bounds that already yield a network with O(log n)-connected components. In experiments, we show that, in this scenario, our algorithms outperform previously known exact algorithms based on ILP formulations.
The Gaching ore occurrence within the Maletoyvayam ore field is located in the southwestern part of Kamchatka volcanic belt. The ore occurrence belongs to high-sulfidation epithermal type. The sulfosalts of the fahlore-group (tennantite, tetrahedrites and goldfieldite) and enargite-groups (enargite, luzonite, famatinite) found in the gold mineralization of the Gaching ore occurrence. The presence of Cu-rich and Se-bearing fahlores as well as enargite-group sulfosalts in ores indicate a high oxygen volatility at temperature less than 250º during their formation.
The article presents a comparison of two methods of transferring single-layer graphene onto silicon substrates using poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and thermo-adhesive tape.

The continuity of the transferred coating and the quality of the graphene film after the transfer stage were investigated. An analysis of the contaminants formed during the transfer of the graphene surface is carried out.

It is shown that when using PMMA for transfer, heating of the samples leads to their damage due to thermal expansion and the formation of indelible impurities on the surface.
We present a simple physically based quantitative model of blood platelet shape and its evolution during agonist-induced activation. The model is based on the consideration of two major cytoskeletal elements: the marginal band of microtubules and the submembrane cortex.

Mathematically, we consider the problem of minimization of surface area constrained to confine the marginal band and a certain cellular volume. For resting platelets, the marginal band appears as a peripheral ring, allowing for the analytical solution of the minimization problem. Upon activation, the marginal band coils out of plane and forms 3D convoluted structure. We show that its shape is well approximated by an overcurved circle, a mathematical concept of closed curve with constant excessive curvature. Possible mechanisms leading to such marginal band coiling are discussed, resulting in simple parametric expression for the marginal band shape during platelet activation. The excessive curvature of marginal band is a convenient state variable which tracks the progress of activation. The cell surface is determined using numerical optimization.

The shapes are strictly mathematically defined by only three parameters and show good agreement with literature data. They can be utilized in simulation of platelets interaction with different physical fields, e.g. for the description of hydrodynamic and mechanical properties of platelets, leading to better understanding of platelets margination and adhesion and thrombus formation in blood flow. It would also facilitate precise characterization of platelets in clinical diagnosis, where a novel optical model is needed for the correct solution of inverse light-scattering problem.
// Natalia A. Stefanova 1 , Natalia A. Muraleva 1 , Elena E. Korbolina 1 , Elena Kiseleva 1 , Kseniya Yi. Maksimova 3 , Nataliya G. Kolosova 1, 2, 4 1 Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk, Russia 2 Institute of Mitoengineering, Moscow, Russia 3 Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia 4 Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia Correspondence to: Nataliya G. Kolosova, e-mail: kolosova@bionet.nsc.ru Keywords: Alzheimer's disease, amyloid β, tau, synaptic losses, neurodegeneration, mitochondria, OXYS rats Received: October 21, 2014 Accepted: November 15, 2014 Published: December 24, 2014 ABSTRACT The amyloid cascade hypothesis posits that deposition of the amyloid β (Aβ) peptide in the brain is a key event in the initiation of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Nonetheless, it now seems increasingly unlikely that amyloid toxicity is the cause of sporadic AD, which leads to cognitive decline. Here, using accelerated-senescence nontransgenic OXYS rats, we confirmed that aggregation of Aβ is a later event in AD-like pathology. We showed that an age-dependent increase in the levels of Aβ 1–42 and extracellular Aβ deposits in the brain of OXYS rats occur later than do synaptic losses, neuronal cell death, mitochondrial structural abnormalities, and hyperphosphorylation of the tau protein. We identified the variants of the genes that are strongly associated with the risk of either late-onset or early-onset AD, including App, Apoe4, Bace1, Psen1, Psen2, and Picalm . We found that in OXYS rats nonsynonymous SNPs were located only in the genes Casp3 and Sorl1 . Thus, we present proof that OXYS rats may be a model of sporadic AD. It is possible that multiple age-associated pathological processes may precede the toxic amyloid accumulation, which in turn triggers the final stage of the sporadic form of AD and becomes a hallmark event of the disease.
We consider one-point commuting difference operators of rank one.The coefficients of these operators depend on a functional parameter, shift operators being included only with positive degrees.We study these operators in the case of hyperelliptic spectral curve when the marked point coincides with the branch point.We construct examples of operators with polynomial and trigonometric coefficients.Moreover, difference operators with polynomial coefficients can be embedded in the differential ones with polynomial coefficients.This construction provides a new way of constructing commutative subalgebras in the first Weyl algebra. If two difference operatorsL k
Pulse generation often requires a stabilized cavity and its corresponding mode structure for initial phase-locking. Contrastingly, modeless cavity-free random lasers provide new possibilities for high quantum efficiency lasing that could potentially be widely tunable spectrally and temporally. Pulse generation in random lasers, however, has remained elusive since the discovery of modeless gain lasing.

Here we report coherent pulse generation with modeless random lasers based on the unique polarization selectivity and broadband saturable absorption of monolayer graphene. Simultaneous temporal compression of cavity-free pulses are observed with such a polarization modulation, along with a broadly-tunable pulsewidth across two orders of magnitude down to 900 ps, a broadly-tunable repetition rate across three orders of magnitude up to 3 MHz, and a singly-polarized pulse train at 41 dB extinction ratio, about an order of magnitude larger than conventional pulsed fiber lasers.

Moreover, our graphene-based pulse formation also demonstrates robust pulse-to-pulse stability and wide-wavelength operation due to the cavity-less feature. Such a graphene-based architecture not only provides a tunable pulsed random laser for fiber-optic sensing, speckle-free imaging, and laser-material processing, but also a new way for the non-random CW fiber lasers to generate widely tunable and singly-polarized pulses.
The Phormidium sp. strain SL48-SHIP genome was obtained from metagenomics sequencing of the microbial mat of Salt Lake No. 48

The sequenced and annotated genome is 4,384,607 bp and encodes 3,807 genes
Phytophthora infestans Mont. de Bary is the main oomycete pathogen of cultivated crops in the family Solanaceae, especially potato (Solanum tuberosum). Because potato is the fourth most cultivated crop worldwide, its annual losses from late blight are tremendous. Studies of the basic mechanisms of interaction between potato and the late blight pathogen not only expand the fundamental knowledge in this area, but also open up new possibilities for regulating these interactions in order to increase resistance to the pathogen.

The interaction of potato and the late blight pathogen can be considered from a genetic point of view, and it is interesting to consider both the response of the potato to the colonization process by P. infestans and the change in gene activity in late blight during plant infection. We can also investigate this process by changing the profile of secondary metabolites of the host and the pathogen. In addition to fundamental work in this area, applied work in the form of the development of new preparations for protecting potatoes is of no less importance. This review briefly describes the main stages of studies of potato resistance to late blight, starting almost from the first works. Much attention is paid to key works on changing the profile of secondary metabolites phytoalexins. A separate section is devoted to the description of both qualitative and quantitative characteristics of potato resistance to the late blight pathogen: their contribution to overall resistance, gene mapping, and regulation capabilities. Both types of traits are important for potato breeding: quantitative resistance due to R-genes is quickly overcome by the pathogen, while quantitative trait loci make it possible to create varieties with almost absolute resistance due to the pyramid of effective genes. The latest approaches in molecular biology make it possible to study translatomic profiles, which makes it possible to look at the interaction of potatoes and the late blight pathogen at a different angle.

It has been shown that the process of potato colonization affects not only the activity of various genes and the profile of secondary metabolites: proteins-markers of the response to infection from potatoes have also been identified: they are pathogen-bound proteins and plastid carbonic anhydrase. On the part of P. infestans, fungal cellulose synthase proteins and haustorium-specific membrane protein were markers of infection. Thus, the review contains information on the most relevant complex studies of the genetic mechanisms of potato resistance to late blight.
The work presents for the first time a comparative study of mode-locked figure-8 laser, in which two independently pumped active media are located either in the same or in different cavity loops.

It is shown that the NALM2 configuration (both active media in the same cavity loop) delivers both higher average and peak radiation power. Flexibility of NALM/NALM2 technologies is further demonstrated for implementation of algorithmic electronically driven control over radiation mode-locking regimes.

Also discussed are the results of experimental testing of electronic methods relying on NALM/NALM2 technologies for setting desired generation regimes.
Aim. There is evidence that central aortic blood pressure (BP) is more associated with left ventricular myocardial hypertrophy than brachial BP. The purpose of this work is to compare the association of brachial and central aortic BP with electrocardiographic parameters of left ventricular hypertrophy in the general population of Novosibirsk. Material and methods . We examined 327 people: 155 men and 172 women aged 25-44 years from a representative sample from the general population of Novosibirsk. The study program included anthropometry, BP measurement, electrocardiography, biochemical blood analysis. Radial artery applanation tonometry and pulse wave analysis were performed using the SphygmoCor system. Left ventricular hypertrophy was determined by electrocardiographic parameters. Results. In the general population of Novosibirsk, central aortic BP is more associated with left ventricular myocardial hypertrophy than brachial BP. Central pulse pressure, in contrast to brachial BP, is significantly associated with the R+S index (p=0,0085), as well as RI (p=0,0038) and RaVL (p=0,0039) wave amplitude. Central systolic aortic BP, in contrast to brachial systolic BP, is significantly associated with RI (p=0,042) and RaVL (p=0,029) wave amplitudes. Amplification parameters of central aortic BP, regardless of brachial BP, are associated with indices of left ventricular hypertrophy. Pulse pressure amplification in groups with or without left ventricular hypertrophy, standardized for age, gender, height, waist circumference, heart rate, triglyceride levels, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood glucose, and brachial pulse pressure, was 13,3 mm Hg and 12,5 mm Hg, respectively (p=0,035). Conclusion. The results of this study substantiate the relevance of the practical use of central aortic BP parameters in addition to the office measurement of brachial BP.
based on a recently appeared technological platform of synthetic photonic lattices (SPL)

In this work we propose a new physical realization of optical neural network (ONN) based on a recently appeared technological platform of synthetic photonic lattices (SPL), and demonstrate its capabilities for deep learning. The system operates with time series of optical pulses with ability to easily control their parameters and possesses the architecture that well suits the ONN paradigm.

We have also shown that such an ONN can be potentially utilized for signal processing in optical communication lines for signal distortion compensation.
The Russian Federation is among countries with high cardiovascular risk. Hypercholesterolemia is a leading risk factor for the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. To achieve low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) targets, such approaches as lifestyle changes and pharmacological correction, based on the use of statins, are applied. At the same time, a significant proportion of the population has moderate hypercholesterolemia and is characterized by low or moderate cardiovascular risk.

Innovative nutritional strategies have been developed to manage dyslipidemia. They were based either on changing some 'risky' food components or on encouraging the consumption of 'healthy' functional foods and/or nutraceuticals. Nutraceuticals (registered as food supplements in Russia) is an innovative way to help control LDL-C at low and moderate risk individuals without lipid-lowering drugs and as nutritive support for the cholesterol-lowering diet. Red yeast rice (RYR) based preparations have been already developed and available at the moment. RYR based preparations can be considered in patients with low and moderate cardiovascular risk, who have not reached the target level of LDL-C and have no indications for statin therapy or have statin intolerance. RYR based preparations contains a statin-like substance monacolin K in a dose of 3 mg. In randomized clinical trials, it was proved that the use of high-quality RYR nutraceutical leads to a decrease in LDL-C by an average of 20% without increasing the risk of side effects like for statins.

Evaluation of dietary supplements and functional foods should necessarily include not only evidence of beneficial effects with respect to effects on the lipid profile and atherosclerosis, but also proven good tolerability. The manufacturing standard for these products is also important, guaranteeing component standardization and quality. RYR analogues should guarantee the absence of mycotoxin in their composition. In Russia, programs are needed for the primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases with effects on hypercholesterolemia at the population level.
The clinical case of the successful use of the myocardial cytoprotector trimetazidine as a universal anti-ischemic agent in a patient with hemodynamic angina due to myocardial bridging is described. The pathogenetic rationale for this prescription is presented.
Gene expression regulation at the transcriptome, genome, cell, and tissue levels is a complex phenomenon

demanding the development of bioinformatics tools
Terahertz (THz) radiation was proposed recently for use in various applications, including medical imaging and security scanners. However, there are concerns regarding the possible biological effects of non-ionising electromagnetic radiation in the THz range on cells.

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are extremely sensitive to environmental stimuli and we therefore utilised this cell model to investigate the non-thermal effects of THz irradiation. We studied DNA damage and transcriptome responses in hESCs exposed to narrow-band THz radiation (2.3 THz) under strict temperature control.

The transcription of approximately 1% of genes was subtly increased following THz irradiation. Functional annotation enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed 15 functional classes, which were mostly related to mitochondria. Terahertz irradiation did not induce the formation of γH2AX foci or structural chromosomal aberrations in hESCs. We did not observe any effect on the mitotic index or morphology of the hESCs following THz exposure.
The heat transfer during impact, evaporation and dynamics of the water drop on the heated thin constantan foil have been studied. The function of diameter versus time is constructed.
Aim of work is to study the compositional features of fatty acids (FA) of erythrocyte membranes in patients with diff erent localization of the tumor in colorectal cancer (CRC).

Materials and methods . Using a chromatography-mass spectrometric system (GC/MS) Agilent 7000B based on three quadrupoles (USA), the composition of erythrocyte (Er) membranes of 129 patients with CRC was studied: (average age 63.2±9.4 years, of which 68 men and 61 women; 25 with proximal, 98 with distal tumor localization) and 35 people in the comparison group.

Results . A greater degree of decrease in the levels of saturated, monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs), and, conversely, an increase in the levels of polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) in patients with distal tumor localization compared to healthy ones, was established than the same ratio in the pair "proximal localization of tumor RCC — healthy". A greater degree of increase in the level of omega-3 PUFAs was noted than omega-6, which aff ected the ratio n-6 / n-3, which was signifi cantly reduced in cancer patients, to a greater extent with distal tumor localization. The most signifi cant for distinguishing tumors located in diff erent parts of the intestine were: saturated fatty acids — myristic C14:0 (p<0,001) and pentadecanoic C15:0 (p=0,012), omega-3 a-linolenic (C18:3; n-3) (p=0,02), whose levels were signifi cantly higher and, conversely, most of the omega-6 PUFAs (C18:2 n-6, C20:3 n-6, C20:4 n-6) and one omega-3 PUFAs — C22:6 n-3 (p<0,05), whose levels were signifi cantly lower with proximal localization of the tumor than with distal. Conclusion . The results obtained indicate the importance of taking into account the localization of the tumor in patients with CRC when conducti ng studies of metabolic profiles.
We revisit, starting from the first principles, the calculation of scattering cross sections in theories with violation of the Lorentz invariance. Our approach takes into account all information about the Lagrangian of the theory and is applicable to the case of Lorentz violation by higher-dimension operators. As an illustration, we consider spinor electrodynamics with Lorentz violating operators of dimension four and six that preserve $CPT$, parity, and rotational invariance in a preferred frame. We derive the Feynman rules and formulas for the sums over polarizations in this model and use them to compute the probabilities of several astrophysically relevant processes. We calculate the rates of photon decay and vacuum Cherenkov radiation along with the cross sections of electron-positron pair production on background radiation and in the Coulomb field. The latter process is essential for detection of photon-induced air showers in the atmosphere.