Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Bronchial asthma is a multifactorial disease, with both environmental factors and genetic predisposal affecting its development. A number of gene associations have been obtained between polymorphisms of cytokine genes produced by different types of immune cells and asthma development. Interleukin-13 is involved in allergic inflammation, increased bronchial hypersensitivity, regulation of eosinophil levels and IgE production by B cells, thus making it promising for studying IL13 gene polymorphisms in bronchial asthma coupled to development of the disease. The aim of this study was to investigate possible association between asthma and IL13 rs1800925 polymorphism in the children of Caucasian origin in Eastern Siberia. Four groups of patients with asthma were examined (mean age 12.8±1.2 years): with a controlled (n = 95) and uncontrolled course (n = 107), with severe (n = 71) and moderate severity (n = 131) diseases. The control group consisted of healthy individuals: children (n = 33) and adults (n = 102). DNA was isolated with sorbent method; genotyping was carried out using RT-PCR using specific oligonucleotide primers and fluorescent TaqMan probes. The allele and genotype frequencies were compared by the χ-square test using an online calculator. The odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was performed to link genetic markers with pathological phenotypes. The CT IL13 rs1800925 genotype was shown to be associated with moderate asthma and cases of uncontrollable clinical course, whereas the TT genotype was associated with severe asthma. Thus, rs1800925 polymorphism of IL13 gene (the T* variant is known to be associated with increased IL-13 expression) may be associated with bronchial asthma in children. Our data are consistent with results of other authors. E.g., Liu Z. et al. revealed an association between rs1800925 IL13 and the risk of developing asthma in children, with CT and TT genotypes being more common in the patient group. Radhakrishnan A. et al., was studied rs1800925 IL13 in adult population of Malaysia and found that the T* allele frequency in the group of patients significantly exceeds the frequency of this allele in the control group. Thus, the results of our study showed that IL13 rs1800925 polymorphism is associated with bronchial asthma in children, especially, with level of its control and severity of the disease.
The genus Tettigonia includes 26 species distributed in the Palaearctic region. Though the Green Bush-crickets are widespread in Europe and common in a variety of habitats throughout the Palaearctic ecozone, the genus is still in need of scientific attention due to the presence of a multitude of poorly explored taxa. In the present study, we sought to clarify the evolutionary relationships of Green Bush-crickets and the composition of taxa occurring in the Western Palaearctic. Based on populations from 24 disjunct localities, the phylogeny of the group was estimated using sequences of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and the internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 (ITS1 and ITS2). Morphological and acoustic variation documented for the examined populations and taxa was interpreted in the context of phylogenetic relationships inferred from our genetic analyses. The trees generated in the present study supported the existence of three main lineages: "A"—composed of all sampled populations of Tettigonia viridissima and the Tettigonia vaucheriana complex, "B"—comprising Tettigonia caudata, Tettigonia uvarovi, and the Tettigonia armeniaca complex, and "C"—consisting of Tettigonia cantans. The present study provides the first phylogenetic foundation for reviewing the systematics of Tettigonia (currently classified mostly according to morphological characteristics), proposing seven new synonymies.
Currently, molecular parasitologists are searching for new agents against trematodiases. Redox metabolism is important for parasites as far as long-lived adult parasites inside a mammalian host are exposed to redox challenges. Antioxidants have been poorly studied as anthelmintic agents, in particular against the foodborne trematodes.

Study of in vitro anthelmintic activity of nonenzymatic natural and synthetic antioxidants of various chemical structures was performed using standard motility and mortality assays against juvenile and adult Opisthorchis felineus worms.

Promising agents have been found among both natural and synthetic compounds. The mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1 [10-(6′-plastoquinonyl)decyltriphenylphosphonium] in motility assays was as effective (half-maximal inhibitory concentration [IC50] 0.6–1.4 μM) as praziquantel (IC50 0.47–1.4 μM), and SkQ1 was significantly more effective than praziquantel in mortality assays. Moreover, extensive tegument damage of the adult fluke was revealed after SkQ1 treatment. Flavonoids manifested potency too, with IC50 values in a micromolar range (5.1–17.4 μM). Other natural and synthetic compounds tested against helminths were significantly less effective than praziquantel. Results of our study indicate that SkQ1 and flavonoids have high anthelmintic activities against the liver flukes. We propose that structure–activity relationship research might be worthwhile based on the structures of the most effective substances.
We studied the radiative muon decay $μ^+ \to e^+ν\barνγ$ by using for the first time an almost fully polarized muon source. We identified a large sample (~13000) of these decays in a total sample of 1.8x10^14 positive muon decays collected in the MEG experiment in the years 2009--2010 and measured the branching ratio B($μ^+ \to e^+ν\barνγ$) = (6.03+-0.14(stat.)+-0.53(sys.))x10^-8 for E_e > 45 MeV and E_γ > 40 MeV, consistent with the Standard Model prediction. The precise measurement of this decay mode provides a basic tool for the timing calibration, a normalization channel, and a strong quality check of the complete MEG experiment in the search for $μ^+ \to e^+γ$ process.
We experimentally investigate Andreev transport through a single junction between an s-wave indium superconductor and a thick film of a three-dimensional $Bi_2Te_3$ topological insulator. We study $Bi_2Te_3$ samples with different bulk and surface characteristics, where the presence of a topological surface state is confirmed by direct ARPES measurements. All the junctions demonstrate Andreev transport within the superconducting gap. For junctions with transparent $In-Bi_2Te_3$ interfaces we find a number of nearly periodic conductance oscillations, which are accompanied by zero-bias conductance anomaly. Both effects disappear above the superconducting transition or for resistive junctions. We propose a consistent interpretation of both effects as originating from proximity-induced superconducting correlations within the $Bi_2Te_3$ topological surface state.
The review focuses on the issue of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) in older patients and novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19). In accordance with the analyzed articles, comorbidity, pro-inflammatory state, diminished innate immune response, vascular dysfunction and tendency to thrombosis in people with T2D, contribute to a higher susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and a poor prognosis. The using of Subetta is possible in add-on therapy for older patients with transient hyperglycemia, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus in order to achieve carbohydrate metabolic compensation and improve the quality of life.
The article presents qualitative data on the study of the process of diffusion combustion during the outflow of a gas jet from a nozzle apparatus with a certain arrangement of nozzles. The nozzle apparatus is a round nozzle with a straight channel and a coaxially located annular slot.

In the experiments, hydrogen or methane was supplied through an annular slot, and the air was supplied through a central circular micro nozzle.

The main features of the diffusion combustion of hydrogen and methane during the outflow from the nozzle apparatus are revealed and a qualitative comparison of the processes is carried out. In both cases, at the initial stage, laminar combustion is observed near the nozzle exit and a breakthrough of the flame front occurs with the release of an incombustible mixture of combustible gas and air. At a high flow rate, the flame separates from the nozzle exit. The fundamental difference is that hydrogen exhibits significantly better combustion stabilization characteristics at the nozzle exit.
We solve a weakly supervised regression problem. Under "weakly" we understand that for some training points the labels are known, for some unknown, and for others uncertain due to the presence of random noise or other reasons such as lack of resources. The solution process requires to optimize a certain objective function (the loss function), which combines manifold regularization and low-rank matrix decomposition techniques. These low-rank approximations allow us to speed up all matrix calculations and reduce storage requirements. This is especially crucial for large datasets. Ensemble clustering is used for obtaining the co-association matrix, which we consider as the similarity matrix. The utilization of these techniques allows us to increase the quality and stability of the solution. In the numerical section, we applied the suggested method to artificial and real datasets using Monte-Carlo modeling.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a serious, incurable neurological disease. In 2009, the ANZgene studies detected the suggestive association of located upstream of CD40 gene in chromosome 20q13 (p = 1.3×10−7). Identification of the causal variant(s) in the CD40 locus leads to a better understanding of the mechanism underlying the development of autoimmune pathologies. We determined the genotypes of rs6074022, rs1883832, rs1535045, and rs11086996 in patients with MS (n = 1684) and in the control group (n = 879). Two SNPs were significantly associated with MS: rs6074022 (additive model C allele OR = 1.27, 95% CI = [1.12–1.45], p = 3×10−4) and rs1883832 (additive model T allele OR = 1.20, 95% CI = [1.05–1.38], p = 7×10−3). In the meta-analysis of our results and the results of four previous studies, we obtain the association p-value of 2.34×10−12, which confirmed the association between MS and rs6074022 at a genome-wide significant level. Next, we demonstrated that the model including rs6074022 only sufficiently described the association. From our analysis, we can speculate that the association between rs1883832 and MS was induced by LD, whereas rs6074022 was a marker in stronger LD with the functional variant or was the functional variant itself. Our results indicated that the functional variants were located in the upstream region of the gene CD40 and were in higher LD with rs6074022 than LD with rs1883832.
Simultaneous imaging of both positive and negative product ions is used to exclusively study photoion pair formation free from interference of competing fragmentation channels.

Resonance enhanced multi-photon excitation allows us to interrogate potential energy surfaces for vastly differing molecular geometries. 3D imaging provides complete fragment information. We applied the technique to HCl as a benchmark.

Identified the gateway state leading to photoion pairs. The approach can easily be applied to any molecule exhibiting a potential with an attractive part at large internuclear distances.
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of blindness in developed countries, and the molecular pathogenesis of AMD is poorly understood. A large body of evidence has corroborated the key role of neurotrophins in development, proliferation, differentiation, and survival of retinal cells. Neurotrophin deprivation has been proposed to contribute to retinal-cell death associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Little is known about the expression of the immature form of neurotrophins (proneurotrophins) and their mature form [e.g., nerve growth factor (proNGF and mNGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (proBDNF and mBDNF)] in the retina during physiological aging and against the background of AMD. In addition, cell-specific localization of proteins NGF and BDNF in the retina during AMD development is not clear.

Here, we evaluated contributions of the age-related alterations in the neurotrophin system to the development of AMD-like retinopathy in OXYS rats. Male OXYS rats at preclinical (20 days), early (3 months), and late (18 months) stages of the disease and age-matched male Wistar rats (as controls) were used. We performed immunohistochemical localization of NGF, BDNF, and their receptors TrkA, TrkB, and p75NTR by fluorescence microscopy in retinal sections from OXYS and Wistar rats. We found increased NGF staining in Muller cells in 18-month-old OXYS rats (progressive stage of retinopathy). In contrast, we observed only subtle changes in the labeling of mature BDNF (mBDNF) and TrkB during the development of AMD-like retinopathy in OXYS rats. Using colocalization with vimentin and NeuN, we detected a difference in the cell type–specific localization of mBDNF between OXYS and Wistar rats. We showed that the mBDNF protein was located in Muller cells in OXYS rats, whereas in the Wistar retina, mBDNF immunoreactivity was detected in Muller cells and ganglion cells. During the development of AMD-like retinopathy, proBDNF dominated over mBDNF during increasing cell loss in the OXYS retina.

These data indicate that alterations in the balance of neurotrophic factors in the retina are involved in the development of AMD-like retinopathy in OXYS rats and confirm their participation in the pathogenesis of AMD in humans.
The article raises the problem of visual poetics in the Old Believer literature. The Baroque Poetics implied the intensive inclusion of the illustrative material in the texts. Visual metaphors were meant to clarify the writer's idea, and simultaneously execute a didactic function.

The author analyzes the texts of Baroque rhetoric and sermons created on the Vyg during the 18 th century, including the works written by the Vyg leaders Andrei Denisov and Andrei Borisov. The usage of emblem is considered to be an example of the implementation of conceptual metaphors. The author displays how through the visualization techniques Andrei Denisov constructs the ideal image of Vyg as a place of spiritual asceticism. Details of the real-life and landscape are included in the utopian discourse, which encompasses the topic of paradise as well. Different symbols such as honey, bees, gold, sunshine, rose and others are used. The article discusses the first detailed description of the elephant in Russian literature, included in the allegorical context of Andrei Denisov’s preaching. At the end of the 18 th century, Andrei Borisov started emphasizing the author’s personality. Naturalistically accurate descriptions of the author’s condition focus attention on his viewpoint and also serve as an expression of the didactic thoughts. The detailed analysis of the unique example of ekphrasis from Andrei Borisov’s work, a description of the portrait of Catherine the Second by D. Levitsky, is provided.

The author argues that focalization in the Old Believer literary culture is linked to general poetic attitudes. The author shows that visual images and metaphors used in the texts written at the beginning of the 18 th century helped to create an idealized image of the world, which itself was based on the structure- forming constants of the Baroque worldview. The excerpts from baroque rhetoric reflected the ideas common for the Baroque culture, such as the contrasting nature of the world, the world as a labyrinth, “vanitas vanitatum”, “life is a dream” etc.
Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP), a technique that significantly enhances NMR signals, is experiencing a renaissance owing to enormous methodological developments. In the heart of DNP is a polarization transfer mechanism that endows nuclei with much larger electronic spin polarization. Polarization transfer via the Overhauser effect (OE) is traditionally known to be operative only in liquids and conducting solids. Very recently, surprisingly strong OE-DNP in insulating solids has been reported, with a DNP efficiency that increases with the magnetic field strength. Here we offer an explanation for these perplexing observations using a combination of molecular dynamics and spin dynamics simulations. Our approach elucidates the underlying molecular stochastic motion, provides cross-relaxation rates, explains the observed sign of the NMR enhancement, and estimates the role of nuclear spin diffusion. The presented theoretical description opens the door for rational design of novel polarizing agents for OE-DNP in insulating solids.
Background Understanding the influence of genetic variants on DNA methylation is fundamental for the interpretation of epigenomic data in the context of disease. There is a need for systematic approaches not only for determining methylation quantitative trait loci (methQTL) but also for discriminating general from cell-type-specific effects. Results Here, we present a two-step computational framework MAGAR , which fully supports identification of methQTLs from matched genotyping and DNA methylation data, and additionally the identification of quantitative cell-type-specific methQTL effects. In a pilot analysis, we apply MAGAR on data in four tissues (ileum, rectum, T-cells, B-cells) from healthy individuals and demonstrate the discrimination of common from cell-type-specific methQTLs. We experimentally validate both types of methQTLs in an independent dataset comprising additional cell types and tissues. Finally, we validate selected methQTLs ( PON1 , ZNF155 , NRG2 ) by ultra-deep local sequencing. In line with previous reports, we find cell-type-specific methQTLs to be preferentially located in enhancer elements. Conclusions Our analysis demonstrates that a systematic analysis of methQTLs provides important new insights on the influences of genetic variants to cell-type-specific epigenomic variation.
Dendritic cells (DCs) control immune responses by modulating T and B cells towards effector or tolerogenic responses.

In this study, we evaluated the effects of different immunosuppressive molecules on the phenotypic and functional characteristics of primary dendritic cells from C57BL/6 and CBA mice. DCs were derived from bone marrow cells in the presence of rmGM-CSF and rmIL-4. DCs were then treated with different types of immunosuppressive molecules (rmIL-10, rmTGF-β, and BAY 11-7082) and cocultured with syngeneic splenocytes. The amount of CD4+CD25hiFoxP3+ Tregs, IL-10 expression, and proliferation were evaluated.

Tolerogenic factors were found to have different effects on DCs C57Bl/6 mice. In C57Bl/6 mice, BAY 11-7082 alone had no effect on the expression of DC maturation molecules (CD80, CD86). Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), alone and in combination with BAY 11-7082, reduced the expression of these molecules. Cocultivation of DCs with splenocytes in the presence of TGF-β and BAY 11-7082 favored regulatory T cell (CD4+CD25hiFoxP3+) differentiation and disfavored differentiation of CD4+ T cells producing IL-10. In CBA mice, we found that rmIL-10 and rmTGF-β have a weak effect on maturation of DCs and their functional properties to induce Treg cells and IL-10 production. These results indicate that TGF-β and IL-10 have different effects on the phenotypic and functional characteristics of DCs and that the NF-κB inhibitor, BAY 11-7082, has no synergistic effect on these treatments. In mice with an opposite nature of the immune response, the effects of immunoregulatory cytokines (IL-10 and TGF-b) differ on maturation of dendritic cells.
Regulation of eukaryotic gene transcription is controlled by specific proteins transcription factors. Transcription factors bind certain regions of genomic DNA (binding sites or motives). Common action of two or more transcription factors is widespread mechanism of transcription factor action. Hence, the term ‘composite element’ implied two closely located and frequently occurred in genomic DNA motives. Composite elements are partitioned onto those with two overlapped motifs, or with these two motifs separated with a spacer. Currently, the chromatin immunoprecipitation high throughput approach ChIP-seq is used to locate binding sites for a certain “anchor” transcription factor in vivo in genomic scale. Thus, the search of composite elements with the help of ChIP-seq whole-genome transcription factor binding profiles is the actual bioinformatics issue. But existing approaches for prediction of composite elements on the basis of ChIP-seq data either omit an overlap of motifs (but require only a single ChIP-seq dataset) or consider an overlap of motifs (but require additional ChIP-seq data for a partner motif). But, ChIP-seq experiments are very expensive. In the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, MCOT program has been recently developed. It performs search of motifs taking into account their overlaps based on a single ChIP-seq dataset. MCOT is a console application and does not have many user friendly functions like data preparation and report generation. This work presents a web service WebMCOT for prediction of co-occurred DNA motifs in ChIP-seq data. WebMCOT consists of three parts: client, server, and worker. Software tools list, architecture and web interface are presented.
We consider the plasma-vacuum interface problem in ideal incompressible magneto-hydrodynamics. Unlike the classical statement when the vacuum magnetic field obeys the div-curl system of pre-Maxwell dynamics, to better understand the influence of the electric field in vacuum we do not neglect the displacement current in the vacuum region and consider the Maxwell equations for electric and magnetic fields. Under the necessary and sufficient stability condition for a planar interface found earlier by Trakhinin, we prove an energy a priori estimate for the linearized constant coefficient problem. The process of derivation of this estimate is based on various methods, including a secondary symmetrization of the vacuum Maxwell equations, the derivation of a hyperbolic evolutionary equation for the interface function and the construction of a degenerate Kreiss-type symmetrizer for an elliptic-hyperbolic problem for the total pressure.
We discuss links in thickened surfaces. We define the Khovanov–Lipshitz–Sarkar stable homotopy type and the Steenrod square for the homotopical Khovanov homology of links in thickened surfaces with genus [Formula: see text]. A surface means a closed oriented surface unless otherwise stated. Of course, a surface may or may not be the sphere. A thickened surface means a product manifold of a surface and the interval. A link in a thickened surface (respectively, a 3-manifold) means a submanifold of a thickened surface (respectively, a 3-manifold) which is diffeomorphic to a disjoint collection of circles. Our Khovanov–Lipshitz–Sarkar stable homotopy type and our Steenrod square of links in thickened surfaces with genus [Formula: see text] are stronger than the homotopical Khovanov homology of links in thickened surfaces with genus [Formula: see text]. It is the first meaningful Khovanov–Lipshitz–Sarkar stable homotopy type of links in 3-manifolds other than the 3-sphere. We point out that our theory has a different feature in the torus case.
It is shown that a mechanism of PBH formation from high-baryon bubbles with log-normal mass spectrum

naturally leads to the central mass of the PBH distribution close to ten solar masses independently of the model details

This result is in good agreement with observations