Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Tuberculosis (TB), with the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) as the causative agent, remains to be a serious world health problem. Traditional methods used for the study of Mtb in the lungs of TB patients do not provide information about the number and functional status of Mtb, especially if Mtb are located in alveolar macrophages. We have developed a technique to produce ex vivo cultures of cells from different parts of lung tissues surgically removed from patients with pulmonary TB and compared data on the number of cells with Mtb inferred by the proposed technique to the results of bacteriological and histological analyses used for examination of the resected lungs. The ex vivo cultures of cells obtained from the resected lungs of all patients were largely composed of CD14-positive alveolar macrophages, foamy or not, with or without Mtb. Lymphocytes, fibroblasts, neutrophils, and multinucleate Langhans giant cells were also observed. We found alveolar macrophages with Mtb in the ex vivo cultures of cells from the resected lungs of even those TB patients, whose sputum smears and lung tissues did not contain acid-fast Mtb or reveal growing Mtb colonies on dense medium. The detection of alveolar macrophages with Mtb in ex vivo culture as soon as 16–18 h after isolation of cells from the resected lungs of all TB patients suggests that the technique proposed for assessing the level of infection in alveolar macrophages of TB patients has higher sensitivity than do prolonged bacteriological or pathomorphological methods. The proposed technique allowed us to rapidly (in two days after surgery) determine the level of infection with Mtb in the cells of the resected lungs of TB patients and, by the presence or absence of Mtb colonies, including those with cording morphology, the functional status of the TB agent at the time of surgery.
We perform an examination of discontinuities of multiple production amplitudes, which are required for further development of the BFKL approach. It turns out that the discontinuities of 2 $\to$ 2 + n amplitudes obtained in the BFKL approach contradict to the BDS ansatz for amplitudes with maximal helicity violation in N = 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory with large number of colours starting with n = 2. Explicit expressions for the discontinuities of the 2 $\to$ 3 and 2 $\to$ 4 amplitudes in the invariant mass of pairs of produced gluons are obtained in the planar N=4 SYM in the next-to-leading logarithmic approximation. These expressions can be used for checking the conjectured duality between the light-like Wilson loops and the MHV amplitudes.
The project of heavy ion beam probe (HIBP) in Gas-Dynamic Trap (GDT) device is presented in the paper. HIBP will be placed at the midplane of GDT.

Beam of primary ions Xe+1 is produced by 4-electrode accelerating system and has the following parameters: current up to 7 mA, ion energy of 60-76 keV, size of 4 mm and angular spread at the level of 1/e about 4 mrad. Secondary ions Xe+2 are produced by primary beam ionization in plasma and enter the small aperture detector based on 30-degrees electrostatic energy analyzer.

It will measure electric potential in 8 positions along the plasma diameter simultaneously. Each detector channel provides potential measurement with accuracy of 10-50 V and spatial resolution of 2 cm at sampling rate up to 1 MHz.
Fasting is often used for obesity correction but the "refeeding syndrome" limits its efficiency, and molecular mechanisms underlying metabolic response to different food availability are under investigation. Sex was shown to affect hormonal and metabolic reactions to fasting/refeeding. The aim of this study was to evaluate hormonal and transcriptional responses to fasting and refeeding in male and female C57Bl/6J mice. Sex asymmetry was observed both at the hormonal and transcriptional levels. Fasting (24 h) induced increase in hepatic Fgf21 gene expression, which was associated with elevation of plasma FGF21 and adiponectin levels, and the upregulation of expression of hepatic (Pparα, Cpt1α) and muscle (Cpt1β, Ucp3) genes involved in fatty acid oxidation. These changes were more pronounced in females. Refeeding (6 h) evoked hyperinsulinemia and increased hepatic expression of gene related to lipogenesis (Fasn) only in males and hyperleptinemia and increase in Fgf21 gene expression in muscles and adipose tissues only in females. The results suggest that in mice, one of the molecular mechanisms underlying sex asymmetry in hepatic Pparα, Cpt1α, muscle Cpt1β, and Ucp3 expression during fasting is hepatic Fgf21 expression, and the reason for sex asymmetry in hepatic Fasn expression during refeeding is male-specific hyperinsulinemia.
Loss of coherence with increasing excitation amplitudes and spatial size modulation is a fundamental problem in designing Raman fiber lasers. While it is known that ramping up laser pump power increases the amplitude of stochastic excitations, such higher energy inputs can also lead to a transition from a linearly stable coherent laminar regime to a non-desirable disordered turbulent state.

This report presents a new statistical methodology, based on first passage statistics, that classifies lasing regimes in Raman fiber lasers, thereby leading to a fast and highly accurate identification of a strong instability leading to a laminar-turbulent phase transition through a self-consistently defined order parameter.

The results have been consistent across a wide range of pump power values, heralding a breakthrough in the non-invasive analysis of fiber laser dynamics.
Chromosomal localization of ribosomal RNA coding genes has been studied by using FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization) in 21 species from the genus Chironomus Meigen, 1803.

Analysis of the data has shown intra- and interspecific variation in number and location of 5.8S rDNA hybridization sites in 17 species from the subgenus Chironomus and 4 species from the subgenus Camptochironomus Kieffer, 1914. In the majority of studied species the location of rDNA sites coincided with the sites where active NORs (nucleolus organizer regions) were found. The number of hybridization sites in karyotypes of studied chironomids varied from 1 to 6. More than half of the species possessed only one NOR (12 out of 21). Two rDNA hybridization sites were found in karyotypes of five species, three - in two species, and five and six sites - in one species each. NORs were found in all chromosomal arms of species from the subgenus Chironomus with one of them always located on arm G. On the other hand, no hybridization sites were found on arm G in four studied species from the subgenus Camptochironomus. Two species from the subgenus Chironomus - Chironomusbalatonicus Devai, Wuelker & Scholl, 1983 and Chironomus "annularius" sensu Strenzke, 1959 - showed intraspecific variability in the number of hybridization signals.

Possible mechanisms of origin of variability in number and location of rRNA genes in the karyotypes of species from the genus Chironomus are discussed.
We demonstrate light pulse combining and pulse compression using a continuous-discrete nonlinear system implemented in a multi-core fiber (MCF).

It is shown that the pulses initially injected into all of the cores of a ring MCF are combined by nonlinearity into a small number of cores with simultaneous pulse compression. We demonstrate the combining of 77% of the energy into one core with pulse compression over 14× in a 20-core MCF. We also demonstrate that a suggested scheme is insensitive to the phase perturbations.

Nonlinear spatio-temporal pulse manipulation in multi-core fibers can be exploited for various applications, including pulse compression, switching, and combining.
This work is devoted to the results of an experimental study of the impact of n-wave on heat transfer in a boundary layer of a flat plate at the Mach number 2.

To generate N-wave into the flow, a roughness on the lower part of the nozzle of the test section of wind tunnel was used. As a result of the experiments, heat transfer data on the surface of a flat plate were obtained.

A double longitudinal structure is shown in the form of a defect in temperature change caused by the interaction of two vortices with the surface of a flat plate model. The paper shows comparisons of the obtained distributions of the surface temperature difference in the cross section of the plate with measurements using a pitot tube and a constant temperature anemometer
The Late Neoproterozoic U-Pb age for zircon of island-arc metadacites (691 8.8 million years) and basalts (572 6.5 million years) of the Kiselikhinskaya Formation of the Kutukasskaya Group was established for the first time. The manifestation of basaltic volcanism is associated with rift-related processes. The studies clarify the Late Precambrian stratigraphy of the Yenisei Ridge and the features of the evolution of the Sayan-Yenisei accretionary belt at the Neoproterozoic stage of its history. Folded-thrust structures of the junction zone of the Yenisei Ridge with the West Siberian Plate may be favorable in relation to the search for unconventional oil and gas traps.
The results of modeling a finite system of interacting two-dimensional electrons placed at zero temperature into an external parabolic potential well are presented. The structure of the 2D Wigner cluster is found. The distribution functions of interelectron distances and the coordination numbers of internal and external electrons are obtained. The ”string-zigzag” transition is analyzed. The low-temperature specific heat of the system is determined. An electronic Wigner crystal on a sphere is also considered.
Type 2 diabetes and osteoporosis are widespread diseases in the middle-aged and elderly people. Most studies of osteoporosis in patients with type 2 diabetes have been performed in women; meantime risk factors for lowering bone mineral density (BMD) in men have been little studied.

Eighty two men from 50 to 75 years old, with duration of diabetes for at least one year, were included in the study. Individuals with known risk factors for secondary osteoporosis were not included. Twenty-three men with normal BMD having no diabetes or obesity were acted as control. The T-score at the lumbar spine, femoral neck and forearm of a non-dominant arm, as well as body composition parameters, were evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The levels of hormones that affect bone metabolism (parathyroid hormone, free testosterone, 25-OH vitamin D) were measured in blood serum by ELISA. Risk factors for reducing BMD were identified using multivariate regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.

In men with type 2 diabetes, low free testosterone is a risk factor for decreased BMD in the lumbar spine, and diabetes duration is a risk factor for decreased BMD in the forearm. The presence of obesity is associated with an increase in BMD in the femoral neck; a high HbA1c is associated with an increase in BMD in the forearm.
Three-dimensional modeling of air injection into a closed pipe region filled with liquid (water, liquid lead) is carried out at high pressure drops. It is shown that in the three-dimensional calculation, the instability of the interphase surface in the form of ring waves of deformation on the upper surface of the projectile is significantly manifested. When air is injected into water, the difference in the configuration of the interphase surface obtained in axisymmetric (two-dimensional) and three-dimensional calculations is insignificant. When injected into a liquid with a substantially higher density (liquid lead), this difference is especially pronounced in the compression phase of the gas projectile.
Creating a complete picture of the regulation of transcription seems to be an urgent task of modern biology. Regulation of transcription is a complex process carried out by transcription factors (TFs) and auxiliary proteins. Over the past decade, ChIP-Seq has become the most common experimental technology studying genome-wide interactions between TFs and DNA.

We assessed the transcriptional significance of cell line-specific features using regression analysis of ChIP-Seq datasets from the GTRD database and transcriptional start site (TSS) activities from the FANTOM5 expression atlas. For this purpose, we initially generated a large number of features that were defined as the presence or absence of TFs in different promoter regions around TSSs. Using feature selection and regression analysis, we identified sets of the most important TFs that affect expression activity of TSSs in human cell lines such as HepG2, K562 and HEK293.

We demonstrated that some TFs can be classified as repressors and activators depending on their location relative to TSS.
Experimental results demonstrating long-term stability of the operation of our atmospheric quantum cryptography setup using the BB84 protocol and polarization coding are presented.

It was shown that the "sifted" quantum key distribution rate and the quantum bit error rate in the key remained constant for 1 hour and were equal to 10 kbit/s and 6.5 %, respectively, at a distance between the transmitter and the receiver equal to 20 cm.

Theoretical dependences of the secret quantum key generation rate on a quantum channel transmission coefficient for single-photon detectors, which were used in this experiment, and for new detectors with a reduced level of dark pulses are given.
The article is devoted to the choice of a clear and concise form for presenting the results of analise and comparing programming languages and systems, convenient for assessing the expressive power of languages and the complexity of implementing systems. The formalization is adapted to the paradigm analysis of the definitions of programming languages and the selection of practical criteria for decomposition of programs. The semantic decomposition of the definitions of languages and systems as part of the analysis of programming paradigms was chosen as the main ap-proach. Such a choice makes it possible to single out autonomously developed typical program components that can be adapted to the design of various information systems. Many works on methods for developing software systems depend on the practicality of approaches to decomposition of programs debugged using programming systems. The solution to this problem is useful when studying programming methods, studying the history of programming languages, for comparing programming paradigms, the potential of used circuits and models, assessing the novelty level of created programming languages, and also when choosing criteria for program decomposition. In addition, their existence allows us to form a teaching methodology for developing the components of information systems. Along the way, the distance in conceptual complexity between programming and programming system development is shown.
In this study, we assembled a complete mitochondrial genome of the Acanthobdella peledina sample from the Pitea River, Sweden. Thirty-six genes of the mitogenome sequence were identified, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 ribosomal genes (12S and 16S), 21 transport RNA genes, and 1 control region. The complete mitogenome is 14,640 bp long and A + T biased (70.59%).
Dry eye syndrome is an eye disorder affecting many people at an old age. Because dry eye syndrome is accelerated by aging, a useful approach to the prevention of this syndrome may be an intervention into the aging process. Previously, we showed that the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1 delays manifestations of aging and inhibits the development of age-related diseases including dry eye syndrome. Nevertheless, the link between SkQ1's effects and its suppression of age-related changes in the lacrimal gland remains unclear.

Here we demonstrated that dietary supplementation with SkQ1 (250 nmol/[kg body weight] daily) starting at age 1.5 months significantly alleviated the pathological changes in lacrimal glands of Wistar rats by age 24 months. By this age, lacrimal glands underwent dramatic deterioration of the ultrastructure that was indicative of irreversible disturbances in these glands' functioning. In contrast, in SkQ1-treated rats, the ultrastructure of the lacrimal gland was similar to that in much younger rats. Morphometric analysis of electron-microscopic specimens of lacrimal glands revealed the presence of numerous secretory granules in acinar cells and a significant increase in the number of operating intercalary ducts.

Our results confirm that dietary supplementation with SkQ1 is a promising approach to healthy ageing and to prevention of aberrations in the lacrimal gland that underlie dry eye syndrome.
This article is devoted to the search for conditions for optimal operation of a microhydroturbine model. The experiments were carried out in air medium. Velocity fields were measured in the outlet cone of a hydraulic turbine using an LDA system. It was shown that by modeling the flow in the air, using the integral swirl parameter S, it is possible to quickly determine the optimal regime of operation of the turbine for the given parameters of the water resource.
Integrative bioinformatics approaches serve as background for Next-Generation Sequencing-driven analysis for gene regulation studies [1,2].The BGRS conference series on bioinformatics proceeds annually since 1998 under the joint steerage of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences and Novosibirsk State University [7,8].

Here we collated a number of cancer gene expression studies [3,4], as well as database development reports [5,6].

Overall focus of the conference was on the analysis of gene expression regulation in a genome on systems level such as gene networks and systems biology models [9].
The derivation of stable multipotent trophoblast stem (TS) cell lines from preimplantation, and early postimplantation mouse embryos has been reported previously. FGF4, and its receptor FGFR2, have been identified as embryonic signaling factors responsible for the maintenance of the undifferentiated state of multipotent TS cells.

Here we report the derivation of stable TS-like cell lines from the vole M. rossiaemeridionalis, in the absence of FGF4 and heparin. Vole TS-like cells are similar to murine TS cells with respect to their morphology, transcription factor gene expression and differentiation in vitro into derivatives of the trophectoderm lineage, and with respect to their ability to invade and erode host tissues, forming haemorrhagic tumours after subcutaneous injection into nude mice.

Moreover, vole TS-like cells carry an inactive paternal X chromosome, indicating that they have undergone imprinted X inactivation, which is characteristic of the trophoblast lineage. Our results indicate that an alternative signaling pathway may be responsible for the establishment and stable proliferation of vole TS-like cells.
In the base excision repair pathway, the initiating enzymes, DNA glycosylases, remove damaged bases and form long-living complexes with the abasic DNA product, but can be displaced by AP endonucleases. However, many nuclear proteins can move along DNA, either actively (such as DNA or RNA polymerases) or by passive one-dimensional diffusion. In most cases, it is not clear whether this movement is disturbed by other bound proteins or how collisions with moving proteins affect the bound proteins, including DNA glycosylases. We have used a two-substrate system to study the displacement of human OGG1 and NEIL1 DNA glycosylases by DNA polymerases in both elongation and diffusion mode and by D4, a passively diffusing subunit of a viral DNA polymerase. The OGG1-DNA product complex was disrupted by DNA polymerase β (POLβ) in both elongation and diffusion mode, Klenow fragment (KF) in the elongation mode and by D4. NEIL1, which has a shorter half-life on DNA, was displaced more efficiently. Hence, both possibly specific interactions with POLβ and nonspecific collisions (KF, D4) can displace DNA glycosylases from DNA. The protein movement along DNA was blocked by very tightly bound Cas9 RNA-targeted nuclease, providing an upper limit on the efficiency of obstacle clearance.
The article concludes that the category “dignity at workplace” should become crucial for the analysis of the legal status of workers and its implementation in the labor relationship. The preservation and implementation of dignity at workplace have objective features connected with the initially “hostile” environment to dignity and the specifics of its structure. The article concludes that there is a double meaning of dignity for the legal status of employees. On the one hand, dignity as an existential value forms the basis of the legal status, and the specificity of its structure (self-respect and respect by employer; employee autonomy; self-affirmation; self-realization) is a metaphysical justification of his rights and obligations. On the other hand, as a universal moral value, dignity is the ultimate goal of the implementation of the legal status, it is a criterion for assessing labor relations.
As the most abundant protein with a variety of physiological functions, human serum albumin (HSA) has been used extensively for the delivery and improvement of therapeutic molecules. Thiolactone chemistry provides a powerful tool to prepare albumin-based multimodal imaging probes and agents for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). For this purpose, boron containing 4,4-Difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY) dye was designed and synthesized. BODIPY dyes are photostable neutral derivatives of 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene. These are widely used as chemosensors, laser materials and molecular probes. At the same time, BODIPY dyes, like most other fluorophores, have small or moderate Stokes shifts. Large Stokes shifts are preferred for fluorophores because of higher sensitivity of such probes and sensors. We succeeded in performing an annulation of pyrrole ring with coumarin heterocyclic system and achieved a remarkable difference in absorption and emission maximum of obtained fluorophore up to 100 nm. Moreover, this BODIPY dye was equipped with a linker arm and was functionalized with a maleimide residue specifically reactive towards thiol groups of proteins. The released sulfhydryl groups of the homocysteine functional handle in thiolactone modified HSA was labeled with BODIPY dye to prepare a labeled albumin-BODIPY dye conjugate confirmed by MALDI-TOF-MS, UV-vis and fluorescent emission spectra. The cytotoxicity of HSA conjugate was evaluated by MTT assay in cell lines MCF-7 and T98G. This is the basis for a novel BODIPY dye -albumin theranostic for BNCT. These results provide further impetus to develop derivatives of HSA for delivery of boron to cancer cells.
Establishment of small animal models of Ebola virus (EBOV) infection is important both for the study of genetic determinants involved in the complex pathology of EBOV disease and for the preliminary screening of antivirals, production of therapeutic heterologic immunoglobulins, and experimental vaccine development. Since the wild-type EBOV is avirulent in rodents, the adaptation series of passages in these animals are required for the virulence/lethality to emerge in these models. Here, we provide an overview of our several adaptation series in guinea pigs, which resulted in the establishment of guinea pig-adapted EBOV (GPA-EBOV) variants different in their characteristics, while uniformly lethal for the infected animals, and compare the virologic, genetic, pathomorphologic, and immunologic findings with those obtained in the adaptation experiments of the other research groups.