Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Aim of the study was to investigate the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in individuals with metabolically healthy and unhealthy obesity phenotypes (MHO and MUO) and evaluate the contribution of metabolic syndrome (MS) components to the 12-year risk of developing T2DM according to a prospective study.

Material and methods . The study included 1958 people with a BMI ≥30 kg/m² and no T2DM, from among those examined at the baseline screening in 2003– 2005 of the HAPPIE project. New cases of T2DM were diagnosed between 2003 and 2018 according to the register of diabetes mellitus and repeated screenings. The median follow-up period was 12.1 years. Were used to define MHO: criteria of the NCEPATP III, 2001 and IDF, 2005.

Conclusions . The incidence of first-­onset T2DM during 12 years in the MHO group by any used criteria is on 1.5 times lower than in the MUO group. In individuals with obesity, regardless of its phenotype, the most significant independent predictors of the risk of incident T2DM are AO and fasting hyperglycaemia. In individuals without AO, the risk of developing T2DM does not increase, even with an increase in the number of MS components. In the presence of AO, the risk of developing T2DM increases 2 times already with the appearance of any other component.
Tail asymptotics of the solution R to a fixed-point problem of the type R = D Q +∑ 1 N R m are derived under heavy-tailed conditions allowing both dependence between Q and N and the tails to be of the same order of magnitude. Similar results are derived for a K -class version with applications to multi-type branching processes and busy periods in multi-class queues.
Preliminary results of the SND experiment at the VEPP-2000 e+e− collider are presented.

Data corresponding to about 40 pb−1 of integrated luminosity were collected in the e+e− c.m. energy range from 1.05 to 2.00 GeV.

The cross sections for e+e− → ωπ0, π+π−4π0, , have been measured.
Previous cytological analysis of heterochromatic rearrangements has yielded significant insight into the location and genetic organization of genes mapping to the heterochromatin of chromosomes X, Y, and 2 of Drosophila melanogaster. These studies have greatly facilitated our understanding of the genetic organization of heterochromatic genes. In contrast, the 12 essential genes known to exist within the mitotic heterochromatin of chromosome 3 have remained only imprecisely mapped.

As a further step toward establishing a complete map of the heterochomatic genetic functions in Drosophila, we have characterized several rearrangements of chromosome 3 by using banding techniques at the level of mitotic chromosome. Most of the rearrangement breakpoints were located in the dull fluorescent regions h49, h51, and h58, suggesting that these regions correspond to heterochromatic hotspots for rearrangements.

We were able to construct a detailed cytogenetic map of chromosome 3 heterochromatin that includes all of the known vital genes. At least 7 genes of the left arm (from l(3)80Fd to l(3)80Fj) map to segment h49–h51, while the most distal genes (from l(3)80Fa to l(3)80Fc) lie within the h47–h49 portion. The two right arm essential genes, l(3)81Fa and l(3)81Fb, are both located within the distal h58 segment. Intriguingly, a major part of chromosome 3 heterochromatin was found to be 'empty,' in that it did not contain either known genes or known satellite DNAs.
Determine the effect of personal anxiety, sleep disorders on the 15-year risk of developing (RR) diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2 among men (M) 45-69 years in Russia / Siberia (Novosibirsk).

In 20032005 As part of the IV screening of the international epidemiological study HAPIEE, a representative sample of m 4569 years was examined (n=781 M, mean age-56.480.20 years, response 61.00%). The level of personal anxiety (PA) was assessed using the Spielberger scale (HPA high, MPA medium, LPA low). With the help of the scale Knowledge and attitude to ones health, the level of sleep disorders (SD) was assessed. The period of observation of the cohort was 15 years. To check the statistical significance of the differences between the groups, the Pearson 2test was used. For risk assessment, Cox-regression single-factor and multivariate regression proportional hazards model was used (Cox-regression).

Among persons with the first occurrence of DM type 2, HPA at the screening was 59.50%, and 63.30% had SD. The combination of HPA and SD was significant among M with the first-onset diabetes mellitus. During the 15-year period, among M with HLA, the risk of developing type 2 diabetes was 1.60 times higher than without. Among people with SD, therisk of developing type 2 diabetes was 2.40 times higher than without. In Cox the proportional multifactor model, each variable had its own independent influence. HPA increased the RR DM of the 2nd type by 1.90 times, and SD by 2.80 times. It was established that a high level of PA and SD are independent predictors of type 2 diabetes, moreover, with SD, the risk of developing type 2 diabetes is higher than with a high level of PA.
The evolution of density and metric perturbations over a background with high-frequency oscillating curvature in $f(R)$ gravity is considered.

In addition to the usual Jeans-like instability new effects of the amplification of perturbations, associated with parametric resonance and antifriction phenomena, are found.
The heat transfer in a shear driven rivulet flow at isothermal conditions in a minichannel has been studied.

The experiments were conducted using the setup, specially designed for the shear driven rivulet flow. The effect of liquid flow rate and substrate temperature on the width of the rivulet was studied experimentally using Laser induced fluorescence technique (LIF). The temperature distribution for different time moments of the rivulet surface was measured by the FLIR infrared (IR) camera.

IR-measurements served to demonstrate that rivulet surface temperature is lower than substrate one due to liquid evaporation from the rivulet surface.
The shape and dynamics of the nonrelativistic gauge vortex string in the parity-broken media is considered, upon reducing the problem to finding the extremum of the Abelian Higgs model effective action with the fixed B-type helicity of the gauge field.

It is shown that in contrast with the case of the fixed A-type helicity, the static solution of the Ginzburg-Landau energy functional in the London limit is the helix with the specific relation between the curvature and torsion of the vortex line depending on the strength of the space parity violating contribution of the Lifshitz invariant.

A nonlinear dynamical equation is linearized in case of small oscillations around the helical contour, and the polarization and dispersion law of the propagated waves are obtained.
Native gold and PGM from NW Kuznetsk Alatau (NWKA) (South Siberia, Russia) have been investigated. Applying the complex of advanced analytical, geo-chemical, and statistical techniques permits determination of motherlode types of noble mineralization (NM). For gold, it is mineralization of three types: 1 – the gold-sulfide-quartz type associated with dykes of the basic composition and fault-line zones (2), as well as the gold-skarn type (3). For PGM it is mineralization of the Ural-Alaskan (1) and the ophiolitic (2) types, as well as multicomponent alloys associated with layered intrusions (3). The presence of rims and inclusions is indicative of postmagmatic transformations of the minerals. In the meantime, Au and PGM from NW Kuznetsk Alatau placers retain genetic traits of motherlodes.
Background: Tissue-engineered vascular grafts of small diameter have being widely used in coronary artery bypass grafting. However, the rate of settling of these grafts with endothelial cells is insufficient.

Aims:The aim of the study was to selucidate the adhesion of endothelial progenitor cells and mesenchymal stem cells to synthetic materials (polystyrol, polytetrafluoroethylene) preprocessed with extracellular matrix (gelatin, fibronectin, collagen) in vitro.Materials and methods: For the study,the endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) were isolated from the peripheral blood of patients with ischemic heart disease, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) — from bone marrow of Wistar rats. Commercial monoclonal antibodies for flow- cytometry were used to determine the phenotype of EPC. To isolate the early and late EPC from mononuclear cells of peripheral blood, cells were raised for 8 and 16 days on a gelatin or fibronectin based substrate. The commercial kits for enzyme linked immunoassay were applied to assess levels of cytokine production and nitric oxide by early and late EPC conditioned by gelatin or fibronectin on the 8th and 16th days of growth. To conduct the study the MSC were isolated from bone marrow of rats. To determine the attachment of adherent fraction of nucleated bone marrow cells, cell morphology, the adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation were evaluated. To assess migration of MSC in real time within 24 hours on the device Cell-IQ, we used «closure/wound healing» test. The commercial kits for enzyme linked immunoassay were applied to assess levels of cytokine production and nitric oxide by MSC; and components of the extracellular matrix (fibronectin, collagen I and type IV) ― to assess the increased adhesion of MSC to the polytetrafluoroethylene.

Results: The results demonstrated that endothelial progenitor cells adhere to both gelatin and fibronectin and confirmed the influence of these extracellular matrix components on the cytokine levels produced by early and late endothelial cells. The combination of fibronectin with type I or IV collagen or the combination of thereof promotes the adhesion to polytetrafluoroethylene and colonization of the graft.Conclusions: Preprocessing of synthetic material (polystyrene, polytetrafluoroethylene) enhances adhesion and growth of EPC and MSC which can be implemented when creating tissue-engineered vascular grafts for small diameter coronary artery bypass grafting with specified conditions of settlement by the cells involved in neointima formation.
This contribution is a documentation of recent advances in the chemistry of chalcogenide polynuclear transition metal complexes coordinated with mono- and di-phosphines functionalized with hydroxo groups.

A survey of complexes containing tris(hydroxymethyl)phosphine (THP) is presented. The influence of the alkyl chain in bidentate phosphines, bearing the P–(CH 2 ) x –OH arms, is also analyzed.

Finally, isolation and structure elucidation of the complexes with HP(OH) 2 , P(OH) 3 , As(OH) 3 , PhP(OH) 2 , stabilized by coordination to Ni(0) and Pd(0) centers embedded into chalcogenide clusters, is discussed.
This work is aimed to the investigation of the influence of a slots depth on disturbances in a hypersonic boundary layer. Experimental investigations of the influence of the surface consist of streamwise slots on development of second mode disturbances in the hypersonic boundary layer are conducted on the sharp cone at Mach number M∞ = 5.9. The experiments show that second mode disturbances are dumped on surfaces with slots. Numerical simulation of an interaction of the ultrasonic acoustic wave with surfaces with slots, which are used in experiments, are performed. The optimum slots depth is found.
Purpose. To analyze the frequency, terms and risk factors of late IOL dislocation. Material and methods. A retrospective cohort study was conducted based on archival data of 70 787 cases of the senile cataracts phacoemulsifications performed in 2002–2019 years. Statistical processing of the results and Kaplan–Meier analysis were performed using the SPSS 11.0 program (STATA). Results. 320 patients in the study group were treated for late IOL dislocation at various postoperative periods. The average age of the patients was 76.2±12.5 years at the moment of reconstruction procedure. The periods from the moment of IOL implantation to its dislocation varied from 4 months to 17.58 years, the average term was 6.95±3.67 years. IOL reposition was performed in 272 cases (85.0%) and IOL change – in 48 cases (15.0%). The leading risk factor was pseudoexfoliation syndrome detected in 239 patients (74.7%). Among other factors there was high myopia (72 patients; 22.5%), in 78 cases there were the surgery procedures between cataract surgery and IOL dislocation: glaucoma surgeries – 27 cases (8.4%), vitreal surgeries – 9 cases (2.8%), laser discission of secondary cataract – 42 cases (13.1%). The cumulative 5-, 10-, 15-, and 18- year risk of late IOL dislocation was estimated using Kaplan–Meier analysis. Conclusion. The dynamics of the number of reconstructive operations at late IOL dislocations has a tendency to increase. The average term from the IOL implantation to its dislocation was 6,95±3,67 years. The leading risk factor was pseudoexfoliation syndrome. The cumulative 5-, 10-, 15-, and 18-year risk of late IOL dislocation was 0.2; 0.7; 1.15; and 1.4%, respectively. Key words: intraocular lens, dislocation, phacoemulcification.
The type of film flow whereby the fluid flows in the form of many streamlets is typically called a rivulet flow. Whereas an individual streamlet bounded by two contact lines is called a rivulet. Special attention has been paid to rivulet flows because of their practical value for a variety of devices in power engineering and chemical technology, such as absorbers, distillation columns, evaporators, and heat exchangers for the liquefaction of natural gas.

In the present paper the waves in vertical rivulet are investigated analytically. The Kapitza-Shkadov model is used to describe the wavy rivulet flow since it was well proven in the study of nonlinear waves in falling liquid films over a wide range of Reynolds numbers. The equations of the wavy rivulet flow are derived on the basis of the weighed residual method. These equations turn out to be the projections of the Shkadov's model equations on system of basis functions, constructed in special way.

Linearizing these equations results in the dispersion relations for plane waves. The stability criterion for rivulet flows is deduced, and the analysis of dispersion relations depending on dimensionless parameters is carried out.
Real-time or quantitative loop-mediated isothermal amplification (qLAMP) is a promising technique for the accurate detection of pathogens in organisms and the environment. Here we present a comparative study of the performance of six fluorescent intercalating dyes—SYTO-9, SYTO-13, SYTO-82, SYBR Green I, SYBR Gold, EvaGreen—in three different qLAMP model systems. SYTO-9 and SYTO-82, which had the best results, were used for additional enzyme and template titration studies. SYTO-82 demonstrated the best combination of time-to-threshold (Tt) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).
A bstract The relative production rate of $ B_s^0 $ and B 0 mesons is determined with the hadronic decays $ B_s^0\to D_s^{-}{\pi^{+}} $ and B 0 → D − K + . The measurement uses data corresponding to 1.0 fb −1 of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of $ \sqrt{s}=7 $ TeV recorded in the forward region with the LHCb experiment. The ratio of production rates, f s /f d , is measured to be 0 . 238 ± 0 . 004 ± 0 . 015 ± 0 . 021, where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic, and the third theoretical. This is combined with a previous LHCb measurement to obtain f s /f d = 0 . 256 ± 0 . 020. The dependence of f s /f d on the transverse momentum and pseudorapidity of the B meson is determined using the decays $ B_s^0\to D_s^{-}{\pi^{+}} $ and B 0 → D − π + . There is evidence for a decrease with increasing transverse momentum, whereas the ratio remains constant as a function of pseudorapidity. In addition, the ratio of branching fractions of the decays B 0 → D − K + and B 0 → D − π + is measured to be 0 . 0822 ± 0 . 0011 (stat) ± 0 . 0025 (syst).
Based on density functional theory and the crystal structure prediction methods, USPEX and AIRSS, stable intermediate compounds in the Ni-X (X = B, C, and N) systems and their structures were determined in the pressure range of 0-400 GPa. It was found that in the Ni-B system, in addition to the known ambient-pressure phases, the new nickel boride, Ni2B3-Immm, stabilizes above 202 GPa. In the Ni-C system, Ni3C-Pnma was shown to be the only stable nickel carbide which stabilizes above 53 GPa. In the Ni-N system, four new phases, Ni6N-R3̄, Ni3N-Cmcm, Ni7N3-Pbca, and NiN2-Pa3̄, were predicted. For the new predicted phases enriched by a light-element, Ni2B3-Immm and NiN2-Pa3̄, mechanical and electronic properties have been studied.
The tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is an RNA-containing enveloped virus, which poses a major threat to the well-being and health of humans.

In this study, we describe an approach to the inactivation of TBEV, which involves the degradation of viral RNA by artificial ribonucleases (aRNases, small organic compounds that exhibit ribonuclease activity in vitro). We demonstrate that the incubation of TBEV with aRNases lead to the total inactivation of the virus as indicated by the plaque formation assay data, but retain the viral immunogenic properties, as shown by the ELISA data.

We propose that a possible mechanism of TBEV inactivation with aRNase, which includes: i) formation of local breaks in the lipid membrane of the virus caused by aRNase, ii) penetration of aRNase into the viral capsid, iii) degradation of genomic RNA by aRNase. These data suggest that the proposed approach can be used in the production of killed-virus vaccine.
Fibre lasers have been shown to manifest a laminar-to-turbulent transition when increasing its pump power.

In order to study the dynamical complexity of this transition we use advanced statistical tools of time-series analysis. We apply ordinal analysis and the horizontal visibility graph to the experimentally measured laser output intensity.

This reveal the presence of temporal correlations during the transition from the laminar to the turbulent lasing regimes. Both methods allow us to unveil coherent structures with well defined time-scales and strong correlations both, in the timing of the laser pulses and in their peak intensities.
The theoretical analysis of basic phenomena at plasma processing of the agglomerated powders, in context of hollow microspherical particles production, was fulfilled.

With the use of the obtained theoretical solutions for the first time the key similarity criteria were derived that allow to formulate the requirements to plasma flow, characteristics of agglomerate and its material as well as condition of quenching of the formed hollow microdroplet

which realization provides the formation of hollow microsphere with necessary characteristics, in particular, of maximal diameter and minimum thickness of shell.
Predicting promoter activity of DNA fragment is an important task for computational biology. Approaches using physical properties of DNA to predict bacterial promoters have recently gained a lot of attention. To select an adequate set of physical properties for training a classifier, various characteristics of DNA molecule should be taken into consideration.

Here, we present a systematic approach that allows us to select less correlated properties for classification by means of both correlation and cophenetic coefficients as well as concordance matrices. To prove this concept, we have developed the first classifier that uses not only sequence and static physical properties of DNA fragment, but also dynamic properties of DNA open states.

Therefore, the best performing models with accuracy values up to 90% for all types of sequences were obtained. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that the classifier can serve as a reliable tool enabling promoter DNA fragments to be distinguished from promoter islands despite the similarity of their nucleotide sequences.
Gene duplication is an important mechanistic antecedent to the evolution of new genes and novel biochemical functions.

In an attempt to assess the contribution of gene duplication to genome evolution in archaea and bacteria, clusters of related genes that appear to have expanded subsequent to the diversification of the major prokaryotic lineages (lineage-specific expansions) were analyzed. Analysis of 21 completely sequenced prokaryotic genomes shows that lineage-specific expansions comprise a substantial fraction (∼5%–33%) of their coding capacities. The presence or absence of clusters and their related genes was used as the basis for the construction of a similarity graph for completely sequenced prokaryotic genomes.

A positive correlation exists between the fraction of the genes taken up by lineage-specific expansions and the total number of genes in a genome. Consistent with the notion that lineage-specific expansions are made up of relatively recently duplicated genes, >90% of the detected clusters consists of only two to four genes. The more common smaller clusters tend to include genes with higher pairwise similarity (as reflected by average score density) than larger clusters. Regardless of size, cluster members tend to be located more closely on bacterial chromosomes than expected by chance, which could reflect a history of tandem gene duplication. In addition to the small clusters, almost all genomes also contain rare large clusters of size ≥20. Several examples of the potential adaptive significance of these large clusters are explored. The topology of the resulting graph seems to reflect a combined effect of common ancestry, horizontal transfer, and lineage-specific gene loss.
Drive particle beams in linear or weakly nonlinear regimes of the plasma wakefield accelerator quickly reach a radial equilibrium with the wakefield, which is described in detail for the first time.

The equilibrium beam state and self-consistent wakefields are obtained by combining analytical relationships, numerical integration, and first-principle simulations.

In the equilibrium state, the beam density is strongly peaked near the axis, the beam radius is constant along the beam, and longitudinal variation of the focusing strength is balanced by varying beam emittance. The transverse momentum distribution of beam particles depends on the observation radius and is neither separable, nor Gaussian.
Aim. To identify the impact of gender differences in family stress on the risk profle of arterial hypertension (AH) in the general population aged 25–64 years in Russia / Siberia. Methods. A random representative sample of the Novosibirsk population of both sexes aged 25–64 (men: n = 657, 44.3±0.4 years, response rate – 82.1%; women: n = 689, 45.4±0.4 years, response rate ‒ 72.5%) was screened in the WHO “MONICApsychosocial program” in 1994. The screening program included the collection of social and demographic data and assessment of family stress. 229 new cases of arterial hypertension in women and 46 cases in men have been determined within the 16-year follow-up. Results. Men (31.5%) had higher level of family stress in the general population aged 25–64, than women (20.9%). In the 16-year period, the risk of hypertension was higher in men (HR = 2.24) than women (HR = 1.39) exposed to family stress. After the adjustment to the social status and age, the risk of developing hypertension remained higher in men than in women (RR = 1.9 vs. HR = 1.37, respectively). Divorced and widowed men had the highest risk of arterial hypertension compared to women aged 45–54 years (HR = 12.7 vs. HR = 10.6 vs. HR = 2.86, respectively). Conclusion. Family stress is more common in men than in women. Risk of arterial hypertension is higher in men than in women who experienced family stress.
Анализ когерентных структур в осесимметричной и шевронной струях