Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
A comparative study of the effect of a matrix based on porous aluminum oxide and a silicon organic polymer polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) (А 12 O 3 @PDMS) and a matrix complex with copper and zinc sorbed on its surface (Cu@Zn- А 12 O 3 @PDMS) on the functional properties of fibroblasts has been carried out.

Material and methods. The effect of the Cu@Zn- А 12 O 3 @PDMS complex and the matrix on the cell proliferative potential (MTT test), apoptosis, necrosis and the production of stable nitric oxide (NO) metabolites were studied in an in vitro experiment with a human embryo fibroblast cell line (HEF-15).

Results. The compared samples of Cu@Zn-A 12 O 3 @PDMS and A l2 O 3 @PDMS are similar in their physico-chemical properties. Study of HEF-15 functional potential indicates a higher level of cell proliferation and ability to produce NO after contact with the complex. There was no significant increase in apoptosis and necrosis of HEF-15 in the presence of samples of the complex and the carrier. Conclusion. The absence of a significant negative effect of the tested samples on the functional status of cells of the FEH-15 line (proliferation, apoptosis, necrosis, NO secretion) in vitro allows the use of the Cu@Zn-A 12 O 3 @PDMS complex for further analysis of its safety in experimental models of skin defects in animals.
The blood plasma and other intertissue fluids usually contain a certain amount of DNA, getting there due to a natural cell death in the organism. Cells of this organism can capture the extracellular DNA, whereupon it is delivered to various cell compartments. It is hypothesized that the extracellular DNA is involved in the transfer of genetic information and its fixation in the genome of recipient cell.The existence of an active flow of extracellular DNA into the cell is demonstrated using human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cells as a recipient culture. The qualitative state of the DNA fragments delivered to the main cell compartments (cytoplasm and interchromosomal fraction) was assessed. The extracellular DNA delivered to the cell is characterized quantitatively.It is demonstrated that the extracellular DNA fragments in several minutes reach the nuclear space, where they are processed so that their linear size increases from about 500 bp to 10,000 bp. The amount of free extracellular DNA fragments simultaneously present in the nuclear space may reach up to 2% of the haploid genome. Using individual DNA fragments with a known molecular weight and sequence as an extracellular DNA, it is found that these fragments degrade instantly in the culture liquid in the absence of a competitor DNA and are delivered into the cell as degradants. When adding a sufficient amount of competitor DNA, the initial undegraded molecules of the DNA fragments with the known molecular weight and sequence are detectable both in the cytoplasm and nuclear space only at the zero point of experiments. The labeled precursor alpha-dNTP*, added to culture medium, was undetectable inside the cell in all the experiments.
The difference in the crystal structure and growth kinetics of microtubes formed from l- and d-enantiomers of diphenylalanine dipeptide is investigated both experimentally and theoretically by computer simulation.

The microtubes of l- and d-enantiomers grown simultaneously and under identical experimental conditions possess different crystallographic space groups, have essential difference in sizes, and demonstrate different growth kinetics. Computer simulation by molecular mechanics methods revealed a fundamental difference in the interaction between structural units of microtubes of different chiralities.

A model describing chirality-dependent growth of microtubes is proposed.
Lipid-cholesterol interactions are responsible for different properties of biological membranes including those determining formation in the membrane of spatial inhomogeneities (lipid rafts).

To get new information on these interactions, electron spin echo (ESE) spectroscopy, which is a pulsed version of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), was applied to study 3β-doxyl-5α-cholestane (DCh), a spin-labeled analog of cholesterol, in phospholipid bilayer consisted of equimolecular mixture of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. DCh concentration in the bilayer was between 0.1 mol.% and 4 mol.%. For comparison, a reference system containing a spin-labeled 5-doxyl-stearic acid (5-DSA) instead of DCh was studied as well. The effects of 'instantaneous diffusion' in ESE decay and in echo-detected (ED) EPR spectra were explored for both systems.

The reference system showed good agreement with the theoretical prediction for the model of spin labels of randomly distributed orientations, but the DCh system demonstrated remarkably smaller effects. The results were explained by assuming that neighboring DCh molecules are oriented in a correlative way. However, this correlation does not imply the formation of clusters of cholesterol molecules, because conventional continuous wave EPR spectra did not show the typical broadening due to aggregation of spin labels and the observed ESE decay was not faster than in the reference system. So the obtained data evidence that cholesterol molecules at low concentrations in biological membranes can interact via large distances of several nanometers which results in their orientational self-ordering.
There is much scholarly research about the impact of popular culture messages regarding fatness on people, but there is limited study on peopleâ€™s attitudes to those fat-shaming messages. Roxane Gayâ€™s Hunger: A Memoir of (My) Body is a memoir of her own body, traumatic journey, and fatness. This article looks through this memoir to find out Roxane Gayâ€™s attitude towards these messages in showing how people accept, react, and subvert these messages. This study will present this memoir as a manifestation of the prevailing negative representations of fat people in popular culture and how Gay, before and after being fat, responds to those fat-shaming messages produced by popular culture. This article, under the umbrella of Fat Studies, will discuss how Gay, because of her fatness, has been treated as other and marginalized in popular culture and how she presents herself as a proponent of Fat Studies. This research, discussing Gay's attitude to popular culture messages regarding fatness, willshow how Gay, through this memoir, protests against fat-shaming messages and how she becomes the voice of every fat person.
Accurate recognition of regulatory elements in promoters is an essential prerequisite for understanding the mechanisms of gene regulation at the level of transcription. Composite regulatory elements represent a particular type of such transcriptional regulatory elements consisting of pairs of individual DNA motifs. In contrast to the present approach, most available recognition techniques are based purely on statistical evaluation of the occurrence of single motifs. Such methods are limited in application, since the accuracy of recognition is greatly dependent on the size and quality of the sequence dataset. Methods that exploit available knowledge and have broad applicability are evidently needed. We developed a novel method to identify composite regulatory elements in promoters using a library of known examples. In depth investigation of regularities encoded in known composite elements allowed us to introduce a new characteristic measure and to improve the specificity compared with other methods. Tests on an established benchmark and real genomic data show that our method outperforms other available methods based either on known examples or statistical evaluations. In addition to better recognition, a practical advantage of this method is first the ability to detect a high number of different types of composite elements, and second direct biological interpretation of the identified results. The program is available at http://gnaweb.helmholtz-hzi.de/cgi-bin/MCatch/MatrixCatch.pl and includes an option to extend the provided library by user supplied data. The novel algorithm for the identification of composite regulatory elements presented in this paper was proved to be superior to existing methods. Its application to tissue specific promoters identified several highly specific composite elements with relevance to their biological function. This approach together with other methods will further advance the understanding of transcriptional regulation of genes.
Pronghorn (Antilocapridae, 2n = 58) and saola (Bovidae, 2n = 50) are members of Pecora, a highly diversified group of even-toed hoofed mammals. Karyotypes of these species were not involved in chromosome painting studies despite their intriguing phylogenetic positions in Pecora. To trace the chromosome evolution during very fast radiation of main families from the common Pecoran ancestor, high-resolution comparative chromosome maps of pronghorn and saola with human (HSA) and dromedary camel (CDR) painting probes were established. The human and dromedary camel painting probes revealed 50 and 64 conserved segments respectively in the pronghorn genome, while 51 and 63 conserved segments respectively in the saola genome. Integrative analysis with published comparative maps showed that inversions in chromosomes homologous to CDR19/35/19 (HSA 10/20/10), CDR12/34/12 (HSA12/22/12/22), CDR10/33/10 (HSA 11) are present in representatives of all five living Pecoran families. The pronghorn karyotype could have formed from a putative 2n = 58 Pecoran ancestral karyotype by one fission and one fusion and that the saola karyotype differs from the presumed 2n = 60 bovid ancestral karyotype (2n = 60) by five fusions. The establishment of high-resolution comparative maps for pronghorn and saola has shed some new insights into the putative ancestral karyotype, chromosomal evolution and phylogenic relationships in Pecora. No cytogenetic signature rearrangements were found that could unite the Antilocapridae with Giraffidae or with any other Pecoran families. Our data on the saola support a separate position of Pseudorigyna subtribe rather than its affinity to either Bovina or Bubalina, but the saola phylogenetic position within Bovidae remains unresolved.
In the Devonian the Minusa Intermountain Trough (Basin) of Siberia represented a rift structure that was filled with rocks which now occur as strata-like bodies interpreted to be of volcanic origin.The character of the mafic rocks including their upper contacts and geochronological dating, using Rb/Sr, 40 Ar/ 39 Ar, and U/Pb methods, suggests their sill or subvolcanic nature.Porphyry and dolerite sills and basalt formed later (385-405 Mya) than felsic and andesitic volcanic rocks (402-448 Mya).Because these bodies were earlier considered as volcanic flows, it is important to revise the geological succession of the Devonian formations dominated by mafic igneous rocks.
Using ethylmethansulphonate the chemical mutagenesis of the pea laboratory line SGE was performed. During analysis of 425 families (2069 plants) of Мsub2/sub progeny 45 putative mutants were selected, among them 30 mutants forming ineffective nodules (Fixsup–/sup phenotype), 13 mutantsunable to form nodules (Nodsup–/sup phenotype), and 2 mutants forming a few nodules (Nodsup+/–/sup phenotype). For 1 Nodsup–/sup and 5 Fixsup–/sup mutants monogenic inheritance and recessive phenotype manifestation were demonstrated. For Fixsup– /supmutant SGEFixsup–/sup–9 an additional mutation leading to Nodsup+/–/sup phenotype was shown. Complementation analysis showed that the mutant phenotype of the SGEFixspan style="font-size:11px"sup-/sup - /span5 line is caused by a mutation in the sym33 gene, of theSGEFixsup–/sup–6 linein the sym40 gene, of the SGEFixsup–/sup–7 line in the sym27 gene, and of the SGEFixsup–/sup–8 linein the sym25 gene.
Endothelial dysfunction (ED), intima-media thickness (IMT), and atherosclerotic plaques (ASPs) of the carotid arteries (CAs) are considered mutually associated markers of subclinical and clinical atherosclerosis. How true this statement is for older age groups remains unclear. Aim . To study the relationship of flow-dependent vasodilation (FDV) with CA IMT and ASPs in a population sample over 58 years old. Material and methods. The study was carried out in a population sample of men and women aged 58-82 years (Novosibirsk, HAPIEE project, n=788, 424 women). CA ultrasound was performed to assess IMT and ASPs. Endothelial function was assessed by postocclusive hyperemia ultrasound test; an increase in brachial artery initial diameter (FDV%) <10% was regarded as ED. Results . The average IMT in men was 0,95 mm (SD 0,18) and was significantly higher than in women: 0,88 mm (SD 0,17), p<0,001. The average FDV% values in men were 2,7% (SD 7,32), while in women — 3,2% (SD 7,19) and did not differ significantly by sex. The incidence of ED was 88,2% in men and 85,8% in women. There was no a significant linear relationship between FDV and IMT neither in men (β=-1,76, SD 2,25, p=0,436), nor in women (β=-2,19, SD 2,15, p=0,309). Also, there were no differences in average IMT and ASP frequency in the groups with and without ED among men and women. When divided into age groups, ED was associated with an increase in IMT only in women aged <78 versus women without ED (p=0,047). Conclusion . In the population sample of 58-82 years old, mutual associations of subclinical markers of atherosclerosis (ED, IMT, ASP of CAs) have not been confirmed. Only in women aged <78 years, ED was associated with an increase in IMT. The results obtained indicate that the treatment approaches proposed for young and middle-aged people may be less effective in old and senile age.
Neuroticism is a personality trait, which is an important risk factor for psychiatric disorders. Recent genome-wide studies reported about 600 genes potentially influencing neuroticism. Little is known about the mechanisms of their action.

Using UK Biobank-based GWAS summary statistics, we performed a gene-based association analysis using four sets of within-gene variants, each set possessing specific protein-coding properties. To guard against the influence of strong GWAS signals outside the gene, we used a specially designed procedure called 'polygene pruning'.

As a result, we identified 190 genes associated with neuroticism due to the effect of within-gene variants rather than strong GWAS signals outside the gene. Thirty eight of these genes are new. Within all genes identified, we distinguished two slightly overlapping groups obtained from using protein-coding and non-coding variants. Many genes in the former group included potentially pathogenic variants. For some genes in the latter group, we found evidence of pleiotropy with gene expression. Using a bioinformatics analysis, we prioritized the neuroticism genes and showed that the genes that contribute to neuroticism through their within-gene variants are the most appropriate candidate genes.
This review fills an apparent gap existing in the literature by providing an overview of the readily available terpenes and existing catalytic protocols for preparation of terpene-derived amines. To address the role of solid catalysts in amination of terpenes the same reactions with homogeneous counterparts are also discussed. Such catalysts can be considered as a benchmark, which solid catalysts should match. Although catalytic systems based on transition metal complexes have been developed for synthesis of amines to a larger extent, there is an apparent need to reduce the production costs. Subsequently, homogenous systems based on cheaper metals operating by nucleophilic substitution (e.g., Ni, Co, Cu, Fe) with a possibility of easy recycling, as well as metal nanoparticles (e.g., Pd, Au) supported on amphoteric oxides should be developed. These catalysts will allow synthesis of amine derivatives of terpenes which have a broad range of applications as specialty chemicals (e.g., pesticides, surfactants, etc.) and pharmaceuticals. The review will be useful in selection and design of appropriate solid materials with tailored properties as efficient catalysts for amination of terpenes.
The innate immune system is the first to respond to invading pathogens. It is responsible for invader recognition, immune-cell recruitment, adaptive-immunity activation, and regulation of inflammation intensity. Previously, two single-nucleotide polymorphisms of innate-immunity genes - rs5743708 (Arg753Gln) of the TLR2 gene and rs8177374 (Ser180Leu) of the TIRAP gene - have been shown to be associated with both pneumonia and tuberculosis in humans, but the data are contradictory among different ethnic groups. It has also been reported that rs10902158 at the PKP3-SIGGIR-TMEM16J genetic locus belongs to a haplotype race-specifically associated with tuberculosis. Meanwhile, a gradient of its frequency is observed in Asia.

The aim of this work was to assess the effect of selection for the genotypes of the above-mentioned SNPs on the gene pools of populations living in harsh climatic conditions that contribute to the development of infectious lung diseases. We estimated the prevalence of these variants in white and Asian (Chukchis and Yakuts) population samples from Northern Asia and among patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).

Carriage of the rs5743708 A allele was found to predispose to severe CAP (odds ratio 2.77, p = 0.021), whereas the GG/CT genotype of rs5743708/rs8177374 proved to be protective against it (odds ratio 0.478, p = 0.022) in white patients. No association of rs10902158 with CAP (total or severe) was found among whites. Stratification of CAP by causative pathogen may help eliminate the current discrepancies between different studies. No significant difference in rs5743708 or rs8177374 was found between adolescent and long-lived white samples. Carriage of the alleles studied is probably not associated with predisposition to longevity among whites in Siberia. Both white and Asian populations studied were different from Western European and East Asian populations in the variants' prevalence. The frequency of the rs8177374 T (Ser180Leu) variant was significantly higher in the Chukchi sample (p = 0, χ2 = 63.22) relative to the East Asian populations. This result may confirm the hypothesis about the selection of this allele in the course of human migration into areas with unfavorable climatic conditions.
Recent progress in the design, synthesis and characterization of chalcogen-nitrogen π-heterocycles, mostly 1,2,5-chalcogenadiazoles (chalcogen: S, Se and Te) and their fused derivatives, possessing positive electron affinity is discussed together with their use in preparation of charge-transfer complexes and radical-anion salts—candidate building blocks of molecule-based electrical and magnetic functional materials.
Structured arrays of liquid microdroplets levitating over the surface of hot liquid have been observed in several recent experimental works, however the nature of this phenomenon is still not completely understood.

In the present paper, we study the peculiarities of formation and evolution of a structured monolayer consisting of several thousands of microdroplets levitating over the water film heated from below.

It was found that with the increase of the substrate temperature, the number of droplets in the monolayer increases to a certain value, after which the number practically does not change. The size of the monolayer increases linearly with temperature from approximately 1 mm to 3 mm. The average distance between the microdroplets increases with the substrate temperature, with the droplet size, and also with the distance from the center of the monolayer.
the problem formulated by Bardakov in the list of unsolved problems in virtual knot theory and combinatorial knot theory by Fenn et al.

construct a representation of the flat virtual braid group on strands by automorphisms of the free group with generators which does not preserve the forbidden relations in the flat virtual braid group

This representation gives a positive answer to the problem. Also we find the set of normal generators of the groups which play an important role in the study of the kernel of the representation.
We investigated the spin coherence of high-mobility two-dimensional electron gases confined in multilayer GaAs quantum wells. The dynamics of the spin polarization was optically studied using pump-probe techniques: time-resolved Kerr rotation and resonant spin amplification. For double and triple quantum wells doped beyond the metal-to-insulator transition, the spin-orbit interaction was tailored by the sample parameters of structural symmetry (Rashba constant), width and electron density (Dresselhaus linear and cubic constants) which allows us to attain long dephasing times in the nanoseconds range. The determination of the scales: transport scattering time, single-electron scattering time, electron-electron scattering time, and spin polarization decay time further supports the possibility of using n-doped multilayer systems for developing spintronic devices.
We derive a dispersive model of shear shallow water flows which takes into account a non-uniform horizontal velocity. This model generalizes the Green–Naghdi model to the case of shear flows.

Besides the classical dispersion term in the Green–Naghdi model related to the acceleration of the free surface, it also contains a new dispersion parameter related to the flow structure. This parameter is related to the second moment of the velocity fluctuation with respect to the vertical coordinate. The distinction between shearing and turbulence based on the scale of variation of the velocity fluctuation is proposed. In particular, an equation for the turbulence generation is derived.

Solitary waves for this model are obtained in explicit form. Comparison of solitary wave profiles with experimental ones is also performed. The agreement is very good apart from the small region near the top of the wave.
Experimental data on the nonlinear wave train development in 3D supersonic boundary layer over swept wing and experimental investigation of wave train development in spanwise modulated boundary layer on flat plate and swept wing at Mach number 2 and 2.5 are presented.

Artificial disturbances in the boundary layer were excited by periodical glow discharge mainly at 10 and 20 kHz.

It was found, that some disturbance excitation downstream cannot be explained by linear stability theory. It was obtained that receptivity of supersonic boundary layer to the surface excited controlled pulsations and the wave train development essentially depends on the Mach number.