Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
In the present paper considered is the problem of the numerical simulation of Francis turbine runner fatigue failure caused by fluid-structure interaction. The unsteady 3D flow is modeled simultaneously in the spiral chamber, each wicket gate and runner channels and in the draft tube using the Euler equations. Based on the unsteady runner loadings at each time step stresses in the whole runner are calculated using the elastic equilibrium equations solved with boundary element method. Set of static stress-strain states provides quasi-dynamics of runner cyclic loading. It is assumed that equivalent stresses in the runner are below the critical value after which irreversible plastic processes happen in the runner material. Therefore runner is subjected to the fatigue damage caused by high-cycle fatigue, in which the loads are generally low compared with the limit stress of the material. As a consequence, the stress state around the crack front can be fully characterized by linear elastic fracture mechanics. The place of runner cracking is determined as a point with maximal amplitude of stress oscillations. Stress pulsations amplitude is used to estimate the number of cycles until the moment of fatigue failure, number of loading cycles and oscillation frequency are used to calculate runner service time. Example of the real Francis runner which has encountered premature fatigue failure as a result of incorrect durability estimation is used to verify the developed numerical model.
Dark photons and mirror matter are well-motivated dark matter candidates. It is possible that both of them arose during the compactification and symmetry breaking scenario of the heterotic $E_8\times E_8$ string theory and are related to each other. In this case, dark photons can become a natural portal into the mirror world. Unfortunately, the expected magnitude of the induced interactions of ordinary matter with mirror matter is too small to be of phenomenological interest.
ICGi021-A and ICGi022-A iPSC lines were obtained by reprogramming PBMCs of two healthy women of the Siberian population using episomal non-integrating vectors expressing Yamanaka factors.

iPSC lines expressed pluripotency markers, had a normal karyotype and demonstrated the ability to differentiate into derivatives of the three germ layers. Clinical exome sequencing data of the original biosamples of the donors are available in the NCBI SRA database.

The generated cell lines are useful as "healthy" control in biomedical studies.
Localized electric fields induce diamond crystallization from carbonates under P - T conditions of Earth’s mantle.
The article investigates the problem of the so-called portraiture of personages presented in the terracotta army of the First Qin emperor. The results of analytical work of foreign colleagues were explored (namely, on restoration of the full spectrum of paints on the surface of the clay figures, or comparative studies of the forms of terracotta soldiers’ ears because this part of the human face is absolutely unique and therefore used in modern forensic practice for identification purposes). On the base of visual analyses of the material that could be obtained, taking into account the serial production of the big details (torsos, feet, heads) for assembling of the whole figures, as well as traces of the different instruments on faces of these figures, and after personal experience in working with elastic materials such as clay, the authors proposed a hypothesis that the reconstruction of face details (ears, noses, eyebrows, mustaches, etc.) which complete the assemblage was of the same type of serial mass production. Occasional or intentional deformation of face details in the process of their fixation, supplemented with elements such as coiffures and accentuated sections of face hair served as a basis for visible diversity in the clay soldiers and officials. However, we cannot say much about the personal characteristics of the real representatives of Qin society. We see only a reproduction of the appropriate image, but not the distinct person in the emperor’s army or court. The observations received indicate sheer haste and even negligence in the work of the craftsmen during the final stages of constructing this enormous funeral complex that never reached the level of the preliminary plans.
The true meaning of the image of the goddess Venus, its role and place in the philosophical poem of Lucretius, reveals itself through a comparative analysis of the word usage in Lucretius and contemporary Roman poetry (and prose) taken in the context of philosophical and religious quest of Roman writers of the first century BC.

All 31 cases of using the name Venus in Lucretius are analyzed.

New arguments are being advanced in favor of Cl. Beltrão da Rosa and M. Eichler’s apprehension of the ‘De rerum natura’ as a poem in the genre of physical theology stricto sensu. Cf. Varr. De Rer. Div. Fr. 8, 2–5 Cardauns.
Based on seismic data from existing seismic networks in Kyrgyzstan

we have constructed new crustal models of seismic velocity and attenuation for P and S waves beneath the Kyrgyz Tien Shan. With data from more than 6,000 events recorded by the international KNET network, the most detailed structures were detected in the central‐northern part of the study region, where the Kazakh Shield collides with the northern Tien Shan. The independently computed 3‐D distributions of P and S wave attenuation show features that are consistent with the main structural elements.

The high‐attenuation areas correspond to folded areas of the northern Tien Shan, whereas the partitions of the stable Kazakh Shield and the Issyk Kul block match with the low‐attenuation areas. The velocity model reveals some structures that help to determine the details of the collision processes in the northern Tien Shan. In the upper crust, we observe the alternation of several higher‐ and lower‐velocity anomalies that likely represent the interaction of brittle and ductile crustal layers of the collided Kazakh and Tien Shan plates. In deeper sections, both P and S wave velocity models show a prominent low‐velocity anomaly just beneath the northern boundary of Tien Shan. We propose that this anomaly represents an anomalous crustal thickening at the point of underthrusting of the Kazakh Plate beneath Tien Shan.
Computer simulation of physicochemical equilibria and evasion-invasion processes in the water-gas system enables modeling gas saturation degree variability and the physical nature of gaseous diffusion redistribution at the hydrocarbon accumulation – formation waters interface and in the transition zone from hydrocarbon accumulation to the peripheral waters. Aquifers with waters characterized by low (< 0.2) to maximum saturation (0.8-1.0) with gases have been established within Cretaceous, Jurassic and Paleozoic deposits of the West Siberian sedimentary basin (WSSB), along with an increase in the saturation degree of formation waters with gases as the occurrence depth of reservoir intervals increases, and a relationship between gas saturation of formation waters and their total gas saturation value. All waters with total gas saturation exceeding 1.8 L/L become ultimately saturated with gases (Kg = 1.0), providing thereby theoretical prerequisites for the formation of hydrocarbon accumulations. The zone of Kg values spanning from 0.8 to 1.0 is associated with major gas condensate accumulations, while less saturated waters – with oil accumulations. The simulation results allow to assess the current state of the petroleum system of the West Siberian sedimentary basin, its part or a separate horizon within its limits, and to substantiate forecasts of its oil and gas potential at regional, zonal or local levels. The application of modeling techniques to water-gas equilibrium enables significant improvement of the reliability of oil and gas reserves assessment and largely contributes to the solution of problems with respect to searches of skipped accumulations in multi-reservoir fields during their further exploration.
Terahertz (THz) radiation was proposed recently for use in various applications, including medical imaging and security scanners. However, there are concerns regarding the possible biological effects of non-ionising electromagnetic radiation in the THz range on cells. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are extremely sensitive to environmental stimuli and we therefore utilised this cell model to investigate the non-thermal effects of THz irradiation. We studied DNA damage and transcriptome responses in hESCs exposed to narrow-band THz radiation (2.3 THz) under strict temperature control. The transcription of approximately 1% of genes was subtly increased following THz irradiation. Functional annotation enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed 15 functional classes, which were mostly related to mitochondria. Terahertz irradiation did not induce the formation of γH2AX foci or structural chromosomal aberrations in hESCs. We did not observe any effect on the mitotic index or morphology of the hESCs following THz exposure.
We present the calculation of the impact factor for the photon to quark, antiquark and gluon transition within Balitsky's shock-wave formalism. We also rederive the impact factor for photon to quark and antiquark transition. These results provide the necessary building blocks for further phenomenological studies of inclusive diffractive deep inelastic scattering as well as for two and three jets diffractive production which go beyond approximations discussed in the literature.
New results of study of e+e− annihilation to hadrons at low energies at BABAR are presented. The the cross sections for the π+π−π0π0, π+π−η final states and several exclusive hadronic modes with kaons are measured using the initial-state-radiation technique.
A precise characterization of the incoming proton bunch parameters is required to accurately simulate the self-modulation process in the Advanced Wakefield Experiment (AWAKE). This paper presents an analysis of the parameters of the incoming proton bunches used in the later stages of the AWAKE Run 1 data-taking period. The transverse structure of the bunch is observed at multiple positions along the beamline using scintillating or optical transition radiation screens. The parameters of a model that describes the bunch transverse dimensions and divergence are fitted to represent the observed data using Bayesian inference. The analysis is tested on simulated data and then applied to the experimental data.
In this paper we focus on the second unit of multipass amplification of the cryogenic diode-pumped high power laser system operating at 1 kHz repetition rate.

Thermal fields in the cooling system of the amplifier were calculated and compared with experimental data. Numerical algorithm based on 3+1D heat transfer equation is proposed.

The results of modeling are discussed and analyzed.
An application of sensitivity operator-based algorithms to an inverse modeling scenario of urban air quality is presented. A source identification problem and a concentration field continuation problem are solved and analyzed. The analysis of the sensitivity operator allows one to obtain a preliminary estimate of the source identification problem solution.
The differential gluon structure function of the proton introduced by Fadin, Kuraev, and Lipatov in 1975 is used in many applications of small-x QCD.

We report here ready-to-use parametrizations from the κ-factorization phenomenology of the experimental data on the small-x proton structure function. These parametrizations are based partly on the available Dokshitzer-Gribov-Lipatov-Altarelli-Parisi (DGLAP) evolution fits to parton distribution functions and on realistic extrapolations into a soft region.

The x dependence of the determined function varies strongly with Q² and does not exhibit simple Regge properties. Nonetheless, the hard-to-soft diffusion is found to give rise to a viable approximation of the proton structure function by the soft and hard Regge components with specific intercepts.
We report on the increase of the Young's modulus (E) of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) grown multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) upon high temperature heat treatment. The post heat-treatment at 2200–2800ºC in a controlled atmosphere results in a considerable improvement of the microstructure, chemical stability and electro-physical properties of the nanotubes. The Young's modulus of MWNTs of different diameters was measured by the deflection of a single tube suspended across the hole of silicon nitride membrane and loaded by an atomic force microscope tip. Contrary to previous reports, a strong increase of E was feasible due to the improved growth conditions of pristine carbon nanotubes and to the improved heat treatment conditions. However, the elastic modulus of CVD grown MWNTs still shows strong diameter dependence resulting from the remaining structural inhomogeneities in large diameter nanotubes.
Leaves of Poaceae have a unique morphological feature: they consist of a proximal sheath and a distal blade separated by a ligular region. The sheath provides structural support and protects young developing leaves, whereas the main function of the blade is photosynthesis. The auricles allow the blade to tilt back for optimal photosynthesis and determine the angle of a leaf, whereas the ligule protects the stem from the entry of water, microorganisms, and pests. Liguleless variants have an upright leaf blade that wraps around the culm. Research on liguleless mutants of maize and other cereals has led to identification of genes that are involved in leaf patterning and differentiation.

We characterized an induced liguleless mutant (LM) of Aegilops tauschii Coss., a donor of genome D of bread wheat Triticum aestivum L.. The liguleless phenotype of LM is under dominant monogenic control (Lgt). To determine precise position of Lgt on the Ae. tauschii genetic map, highly saturated genetic maps were constructed containing 887 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers derived via diversity arrays technology (DArT)seq. The Lgt gene was mapped to chromosome 5DS. Taking into account coordinates of the SNP markers, flanking Lgt, on the pseudomolecule 5D, a chromosomal region that contains this gene was determined, and a list of candidate genes was identified.

Morphological features of the LM phenotype suggest that Lgt participates in the control of leaf development, mainly, in leaf proximal-distal patterning, and its dominant mutation causes abnormal ligular region but does not affect reproductive development.Here we report characterization of a liguleless Ae. tauschii mutant, whose phenotype is under control of a dominant mutation of Lgt. The dominant mode of inheritance of the liguleless trait in a Triticeae species is reported for the first time. The position of the Lgt locus on chromosome 5DS allowed us to identify a list of candidate genes. This list does not contain Ae. tauschii orthologs of any well-characterized cereal genes whose mutations cause liguleless phenotypes. Thus, the characterized Lgt mutant represents a new model for further investigation of plant leaf patterning and differentiation.
In recent decades, various polysaccharides isolated from algae, mushrooms, yeast, and higher plants have attracted serious attention in the area of nutrition and medicine. The reasons include their low toxicity, rare negative side effects, relatively low price, and broad spectrum of therapeutic actions.

The two most and best-studied polysaccharides are mannan and glucan.

This review focused on their biological properties.
We propose a hyperbolic system of first-order equations that approximates the 1D Nwogu model of the shallow water theory for non-hydrostatic unsteady flows. Solitary waves in the framework of these models are constructed and studied. The evolution of solitary waves on a mildly sloping beach is considered. We show that the solution of the hyperbolic system practically coincides with the corresponding solution of the Nwogu dispersive equations. Steep forced water waves generated by a harmonically oscillating rectangular tank are studied both experimentally and numerically. A comparison of the solutions of the modified Green–Naghdi and Nwogu equations with the obtained experimental data is made.
Nanoantenna-assisted plasmonic enhancement of IR absorption and Raman scattering was employed for studying the vibrational modes in organic molecules.

Ultrathin cobalt phthalocyanine films (3 nm) were deposited on Au nanoantenna arrays with specified structural parameters. The deposited organic films reveal the enhancement of both Raman scattering and IR absorption vibrational modes.

To extend the possibility of implementing surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) for biological applications, the detection and analysis of the steroid hormone cortisol was demonstrated.
Background The naked caryopsis character in barley is a domestication-associated trait defined by loss-of-function of the NUD gene. The functional NUD gene encodes an Apetala 2/Ethylene-Response Factor (AP2/ERF) controlling the formation of a cementing layer between pericarp and both lemma and palea. The downstream genes regulated by the NUD transcription factor and molecular mechanism of a cementing layer formation are still not sufficiently described. A naturally occurring 17-kb deletion in the nud locus is associated with the emergence of naked barley. Naked barley has been traditionally used for food and nowadays is considered as a dietary component for functional nutrition. Results In the present study, we demonstrate that targeted knockout of the NUD gene using RNA-guided Cas9 endonuclease leads to the phenotype conversion from hulled to naked barley. Using in vivo pre-testing systems, highly effective guide RNAs targeting the first exon of the NUD gene were selected. Expression cassettes harboring the cas9 and guide RNA genes were used to transform barley cv. Golden Promise via Agrobacterium -mediated DNA transfer. The recessive naked grain phenotype was observed in 57% of primary transformants, which indicates a frequent occurrence of homozygous or biallelic mutations. T-DNA-free homozygous lines with independently generated mutations in the NUD gene were obtained in the T1 generation. At homozygous state, all obtained mutations including one- and two-amino acid losses with the translational reading frame being retained invariably caused the naked grain phenotype. Conclusions The hulled and naked barley isogenic lines generated are a perfect experimental model for further studies on pleiotropic consequences of nud mutations on overall plant performance under particular consideration of yield-determining traits. Due to the high β-glucan content of its grains, naked barley is considered as being of particular dietary value. The possibility to convert hulled into naked barley cultivars by targeted mutagenesis allows breeders to extend the potential utilization of barley by the provision of functional food.
Strains of red fox ( Vulpes vulpes ) with markedly different behavioural phenotypes have been developed in the famous long-term selective breeding programme known as the Russian farm-fox experiment. Here we sequenced and assembled the red fox genome and re-sequenced a subset of foxes from the tame, aggressive and conventional farm-bred populations to identify genomic regions associated with the response to selection for behaviour. Analysis of the re-sequenced genomes identified 103 regions with either significantly decreased heterozygosity in one of the three populations or increased divergence between the populations. A strong positional candidate gene for tame behaviour was highlighted: SorCS1 , which encodes the main trafficking protein for AMPA glutamate receptors and neurexins and suggests a role for synaptic plasticity in fox domestication. Other regions identified as likely to have been under selection in foxes include genes implicated in human neurological disorders, mouse behaviour and dog domestication. The fox represents a powerful model for the genetic analysis of affiliative and aggressive behaviours that can benefit genetic studies of behaviour in dogs and other mammals, including humans.
We present a search for a neutral, long-lived particle L that is produced in e+ e- collisions and decays at a significant distance from the e+ e- interaction point into various flavor combinations of two oppositely charged tracks. The analysis uses an e+ e- data sample with a luminosity of 489.1 fb(-1) collected by the BABAR detector at the ϒ(4S), ϒ(3S), and ϒ(2S) resonances and just below the ϒ(4S). Fitting the two-track mass distribution in search of a signal peak, we do not observe a significant signal, and set 90% confidence level upper limits on the product of the L production cross section, branching fraction, and reconstruction efficiency for six possible two-body L decay modes as a function of the L mass. The efficiency is given for each final state as a function of the mass, lifetime, and transverse momentum of the candidate, allowing application of the upper limits to any production model. In addition, upper limits are provided on the branching fraction B(B→XsL), where Xs is a strange hadronic system.
A conceptual design of the 'Structural Diagnostics' diffraction beamline 1-2 for 'SKIF' synchrotron radiation facility (Koltsovo, Novosibirsk area, Russia) is presented. The beamline will be dedicated to various diffraction techniques (powder X-ray diffraction, single-crystal X-ray diffraction and SAXS).

All the techniques will be implemented in in situ and operando modes to enable real-time monitoring of chemical, physical, or engineering processes. The paper describes scientific scope of the beamline, basic X-ray optical scheme and equipment that will be available at the end-stations.

Results of simulations and ray tracing aimed at the optimization of the instrumental resolution and flux are also given.
Topological insulators interacting with magnetic impurities have been reported to host several unconventional effects. These phenomena are described within the framework of gapping Dirac quasiparticles due to broken time-reversal symmetry. However, the overwhelming majority of studies demonstrate the presence of a finite density of states near the Dirac point even once Topological insulators become magnetic. Here, we map the response of topological states to magnetic impurities at the atomic scale. We demonstrate that magnetic order and gapless states can coexist. We show how this is the result of the delicate balance between two opposite trends, i.e. gap opening and emergence of a Dirac node impurity band, both induced by the magnetic dopants. Our results evidence a more intricate and rich scenario with respect to the once generally assumed, showing how different electronic and magnetic states may be generated and controlled in this fascinating class of materials.
For a number of explosives (trinitrotoluene, pentaerythritol tetranitrate, benzotrifuroxan)

introducing carbon nanotubes into high explosives (HEs) by adding a small amount (up to 1% by mass) of single-walled carbon nanotubes TUBALL COAT_E H2O (CNTs) produced by OCSiAl

it was possible to achieve the appearance of conductivity, reduce the sensitivity of explosives to static electricity, increase safety of HEs during production and application and reduce the number of accidents