Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
VRN genes, determining wheat sensitivity to vernalization, are the main genetic system that defines the duration of the entire growing period and the durations of the main organogenesis phases. To date, several alleles have been described for VRN-1 loci, and allele-specific primers have been developed that allow rapid identification of allelic spectra in common wheat varieties and lines. The unequal influence of different alleles of VRN-1 loci on the duration of the growing period has also been shown; however, there is little information on the effect of the combination of different alleles on heading time.

In developing genotypes having different alleles of dominant VRN genes on the base of the same genetic background, it is necessary to study the genetic effects of VRN genes on the duration of the growing season and the individual developmental phases, as well as on productivity. Most varieties presently grown in Russia carry the dominant alleles of two VRN-1 genes: Vrn-A1a and Vrn-B1a or Vrn-B1c ; thus, the task was to create lines combining the dominant alleles of Vrn-A1a with Vrn-B1a and Vrn-B1c against the genetic background of the winter variety Bezostaya 1 (Bez1 Vrn-A1a / Vrn-B1a and Bez1 Vrn-A1a / Vrn-B1c ). Homozygous plants were isolated in the F2 generation by using known allele-specific primers for the Vrn-A1 and Vrn-B1 loci.

The durations of the tillering–first node period, which is the key stage determining growing duration, and the period from shoots to heading were significantly reduced in lines with a combination of two dominant alleles of VRN-1 loci compared to isogenic lines of Bezostaya 1 with the dominant alleles Vrn-B1a and Vrn-B1c . The duration of these developmental phases also decreased in the obtained lines as compared to the isogenic line containing the dominant Vrn-A1a allele, but the differences were not significant. No substantial differences were found in the duration of other growing phases in lines with two dominant alleles of the VRN-1 loci as compared to isogenic lines of Bezostaya 1.
In the base excision repair pathway, the initiating enzymes, DNA glycosylases, remove damaged bases and form long-living complexes with the abasic DNA product, but can be displaced by AP endonucleases. However, many nuclear proteins can move along DNA, either actively (such as DNA or RNA polymerases) or by passive one-dimensional diffusion. In most cases, it is not clear whether this movement is disturbed by other bound proteins or how collisions with moving proteins affect the bound proteins, including DNA glycosylases.

We have used a two-substrate system to study the displacement of human OGG1 and NEIL1 DNA glycosylases by DNA polymerases in both elongation and diffusion mode and by D4, a passively diffusing subunit of a viral DNA polymerase.

The OGG1-DNA product complex was disrupted by DNA polymerase β (POLβ) in both elongation and diffusion mode, Klenow fragment (KF) in the elongation mode and by D4. NEIL1, which has a shorter half-life on DNA, was displaced more efficiently. Hence, both possibly specific interactions with POLβ and nonspecific collisions (KF, D4) can displace DNA glycosylases from DNA. The protein movement along DNA was blocked by very tightly bound Cas9 RNA-targeted nuclease, providing an upper limit on the efficiency of obstacle clearance.
Using the production reactions $pd\to {}^3\mbox{He}\omega$ and $pp\to pp\omega$, the Dalitz plot distribution for the $\omega \to \pi^+ \pi^- \pi^0$ decay is studied with the WASA detector at COSY, based on a combined data sample of $ (4.408\pm 0.042) \times 10^4$ events.

The Dalitz plot density is parametrised by a product of the $P$-wave phase space and a polynomial expansion in the normalised polar Dalitz plot variables $Z$ and $\phi$.

For the first time, a deviation from pure $P$-wave phase space is observed with a significance of $4.1\sigma$. The deviation is parametrised by a linear term $1+2\alpha Z$, with $\alpha$ determined to be $+0.147\pm0.036$, consistent with the expectations of $\rho$-meson-type final-state interactions of the $P$-wave pion pairs.
The self-modulation instability is a key effect that makes possible the usage of nowadays proton beams as drivers for plasma wakefield acceleration.

Development of the instability in uniform plasmas and in plasmas with a small density up-step is numerically studied with the focus at nonlinear stages of beam evolution.

The step parameters providing the strongest established wakefield are found, and the mechanism of stable bunch train formation is identified.
We consider within QCD collinear factorization the process p + p → jet + jet + X, where two forward high-pT jets are produced with a large separation in rapidity Δy (Mueller-Navelet jets [1]). The hard part of the reaction receives large higher-order corrections ∼ αns (Δy)n, which can be accounted for in the BFKL approach. We calculate cross section and azimuthal decorrelation, using the next-to-leading order jet vertices, in the small-cone approximation [2].
A study of the charge conjugation and parity ($CP$) properties of the interaction between the Higgs boson and top quarks is presented. Higgs bosons are identified via the diphoton decay channel ($H\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma}$), and their production in association with a top quark pair ($t\overline{t}H$) or single top quark ($tH$) is studied. The analysis uses $139\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of proton--proton collision data recorded at a center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=13\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}$ with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Assuming a $CP$-even coupling, the $t\overline{t}H$ process is observed with a significance of 5.2 standard deviations. The measured cross section times $H\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ branching ratio is ${1.64}_{\ensuremath{-}0.36}^{+0.38}(\text{stat}{)}_{\ensuremath{-}0.14}^{+0.17}(\text{sys})\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{fb}$, and the measured rate for $t\overline{t}H$ is ${1.43}_{\ensuremath{-}0.31}^{+0.33}(\text{stat}{)}_{\ensuremath{-}0.15}^{+0.21}(\text{sys})$ times the Standard Model expectation. The $tH$ production process is not observed and an upper limit on its rate of 12 times the Standard Model expectation is set. A $CP$-mixing angle greater (less) than 43 $(\ensuremath{-}43)\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$ is excluded at 95% confidence level.
In the present paper pressure disturbances influence on parallel flow of immiscible liquids, viz. castor oil and paraffin oil, in a T-shaped microchannel with 320 um hydraulic diameter is studied experimentally.

Pressure disturbances with sinusoidal and meander wave shape were applied at different frequencies and pulse ratio to the flow of carrying phase, dispersed phase or both of them simultaneously. A parameter taking into account signal amplitude and frequency was introduced for flow map construction. Slug length and velocity was measured for all regimes studied.

It was shown that pressure disturbances can lead to the transition to the slug flow.
Hermaphroditic animals face the fundamental evolutionary optimization problem of allocating their resources to their male vs. female reproductive function (e.g. testes and sperm vs. ovaries and eggs), and this optimal sex allocation can be affected by both pre- and post-copulatory sexual selection. For example, local sperm competition (LSC) - the competition between related sperm for the fertilization of a partner's ova - occurs in small mating groups and can favour a female-biased sex allocation, because, under LSC, investment into sperm production is predicted to show diminishing fitness returns.

Here, we test whether higher testis investment increases an individual's paternity success under sperm competition, and whether the strength of this effect diminishes when LSC is stronger, as predicted by sex allocation theory. We created two subsets of individuals of the simultaneously hermaphroditic flatworm Macrostomum lignano - by sampling worms from either the highest or lowest quartile of the testis investment distribution - and estimated their paternity success in group sizes of either three (strong LSC) or eight individuals (weak LSC). Specifically, using transgenic focal individuals expressing a dominant green-fluorescent protein marker, we showed that worms with high testis investment sired 22% more offspring relative to those with low investment, corroborating previous findings in M. lignano and other species.

However, the strength of this effect was not significantly modulated by the experienced group size, contrasting theoretical expectations of more strongly diminishing fitness returns under strong LSC. We discuss the possible implications for the evolutionary maintenance of hermaphroditism in M. lignano.
Mobile devices are frequently used for educational purposes considering their high availability and portability. However, educational abilities of mobile devices are quite limited due to the lack of proper IDE applications. Most Android integrated development environments for C++ are lacking code completion and real-time code analysis, while others provide these features at unacceptable speeds. Therefore, we decided to develop a next-generation mobile C++ IDE that will not only have these features, but will also provide them at real-time speeds. This will make mobile devices more suitable for learning C++ and will provide students with an opportunity to leave their laptops at home and to learn C++ in different situations, where usage of laptop is not convent. In this paper, we describe the software porting technology applied to Clang compiler and other required tools and propose the method to speed up compilation, code completion and code analysis in our IDE. We also propose UI optimization methods. We also describe a regular expression-based heuristic algorithm for precompiled header generation that has small processor time and RAM requirements. The efficiency of the algorithm is tested on different educational code examples. Our experiments show that our IDE is the only one at the moment, that can keep code completion real-time in all usage scenarios. The performance gain is 300 % average, when STL is used, reaching 3350 % when Boost library is involved. There is a small performance loss when C is used, but it is not significant, as the performance is still acceptable for real-time usage.
The study was conducted during the 2017–2018 period using the method of anonymous questionnaire. In total, 838 4-year-students from medical, pediatric, dental and medical-prophylactic departments participated in the study. Two questionnaires were used for the survey: an adapted version of the standard UNAIDS questionnaire and that based on V. V. Boyko’s methodology of diagnosing communicative tolerance. It is found that medical students do not condemn HIV-infected people, nor believe that people with a positive HIV status necessarily behave immorally, thus deserving this disease. Medical students show a high level of professional communicative tolerance and readiness to help these patients, although being afraid of getting the infection during medical manipulations. At the same time, a low level of awareness concerning a number of legal issues regarding HIV-infected patients has been established.
Karanahan, a cancer treatment technology aimed at eradicating tumor-initiating stem cells, has already proven effective in 7 tumor models.

Karanahan comprises the following procedures: (1) collecting surgical specimens, (2) determining the duration of the DNA repair process in tumor cells exposed to a cross-linking cytostatic agent, and (3) determining the time point, when cells, including tumor-initiating stem cells, are synchronized in the certain phase of the cell cycle after triple exposure to the cytostatic, becoming vulnerable for the terminal treatment, which is supposed to completely eliminate the rest of survived tumor-initiating stem cells. Determining these basic tumor properties allows to design the schedule for the administration of a cross-linking cytostatic and a complex composite DNA preparation. Breast tumor specimens were obtained from patients, and basic tumor properties essential for conducting Karanahan therapy were determined. Technical details of handling surgical specimens for determining the essential Karanahan parameters (tumor volume, cell number, cell proliferation status, etc) have been worked out. The terminally ill patient, who was undergoing palliative treatment and whose tumor specimen matched the required criteria, received a complete course of Karanahan.

Being conducted in accordance with the schedule designed, Karanahan results in the large-scale apoptosis of tumor cells with elimination of tumor-initiating stem cells. We report the first use of Karanahan in patients diagnosed with breast cancer. The results of the treatment conducted indicate that Karanahan technology has a therapeutic potency and can be used as a breast cancer treatment option.
Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary is one of the main pathogens in the agricultural sector. The most affected are the Solanaceae species, with the potato (Solanum tuberosum) and the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) being of great agricultural importance. Ornamental Solanaceae can also host the pests Petunia spp., Calibrachoa spp., as well as the wild species Solanum dulcamara, Solanum sarrachoides, etc. Annual crop losses caused by this pathogen are highly significant. Although the interaction between P. infestans and the potato has been investigated for a long time, further studies are still needed. This review summarises the basic approaches in the fight against the late blight over the past 20 years and includes four sections devoted to methods of control: (1) fungicides; (2) R-gene-based resistance of potato species; (3) RNA interference approaches; (4) other approaches to control P. infestans. Based on the latest advances, we have provided a description of the significant advantages and disadvantages of each approach.
Dark Matter (DM) density is reduced if entropy production takes place after DM particles abundance is frozen out in the early universe. We study a possibility of such reduction due to entropy production in the electroweak phase transition (EWPT). We compare scenarios of entropy production in the standard model (SM) and its simplest extension, the two-Higgs doublet model (2HDM). Assuming the EWPT is of second order in the SM scenario and the first order in the 2HDM, we calculate the entropy release in these scenarios and the corresponding dilution of preexisting DM density in the early universe. We find the effect of dilution in EWPT significant for confrontation with observations of any form of possible DM (including primordial black holes (PBHs)), which is frozen out, decoupled, frozen in, or formed before EWPT.
Hyperpolarization-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging can be used to study biomolecular processes in the body, but typically requires nuclei such as
Embryo and oocyte cryopreservation is a widely used technology for cryopreservation of genetic resources. One challenging limitation of this technology is the cell damage during freezing associated with the intracellular lipid droplets.

We exploit a Raman spectroscopy to investigate the freezing of cumulus-oocyte complexes, mature oocytes and early embryos of a domestic cat. All these cells are rich in lipids. The degree of lipid unsaturation, lipid phase transition from liquid-like disordered to solid-like ordered state (main transition) and triglyceride polymorphic state are studied.

For all cells examined, the average degree of lipid unsaturation is estimated about 1.3 (with ±20 % deviation) double bonds per acyl chain. The onset of the main lipid phase transition occurs in a temperature range from −10 to +4 °C and does not depend significantly on the cell type. It is found that lipid droplets in cumulus-oocyte complexes undergo an abrupt lipid crystallization, which not completely correlate with the ordering of lipid molecule acyl chains. In the case of mature oocytes and early embryos obtained in vitro from cumulus-oocyte complexes, the lipid phase transition is broadened. In frozen state lipid droplets inside the cumulus-oocyte complexes have higher content of triglyceride polymorphic β and β′ phases (∼66%) than it is estimated for the mature oocytes and the early embryos (∼50%). For the first time, to our knowledge, temperature evolution of lipid droplets phase state is examined. Raman spectroscopy is proved as a prospective tool for in situ monitoring of lipid phase state in single embryo/oocyte during freezing.
Results of numerical computations of supersonic flow patterns in axisymmetric inlets with the internal compression of the airstream captured by them are presented. The simplest inlets in the form of conical funnels were under consideration. The characteristic feature of supersonic flows in these inlets is the formation of an initial longitudinally-curved shock wave with intensity increasing downstream and toward the flow axis, which is finalized by the generation of a triple-shock configuration including the initial incident shock wave, a central Mach disk, and a reflected shock wave.

Conditions of forming these flows were investigated depending on the freestream Mach number, angle of the internal cone wall, and relative cross-sectional area of the inlet throat. A range of the freestream Mach number M = 2-12 was covered. There were determined the throat area required for the inlet starting and that minimal throat area at which the supersonic inflow into the started inlet still possible. An analysis of starting conditions of some axisymmetric inlets of internal compression tested at M = 7.5-11.5 in hot-shot wind tunnels was fulfilled. Firstly, data of these inlets tests were compared with data of numerical computations of flows in them carried out with the use of the pseudo-unsteady method for simulation of inviscid, laminar, and turbulent flows. Secondly, there was solved a problem on evolution of the unsteady turbulent flow forming in a common process of starting a hot-shot wind tunnel and a funnel-shaped inlet tested in it.
Temperature and optical power density dependences of the photovoltage at a p-GaN(Cs) photocathode surface were measured in the temperature range 90–295 K.

The study demonstrated that band bending at the p-GaN(Cs) photocathode surface can be reduced by ∼ 0.5 eV without modifying the surface atomic structure.

The surface photovoltage impact on the p-GaN(Cs) photocathode quantum efficiency and photoelectron energy distributions was analyzed.
The Aim: To determine gender differences in the dynamic of job stress indicators in an open population of 25-64 years over a long-term period - 29 years in Russia / Siberia (Novosibirsk).

Methods: Within the framework of the screening in 1988-89 under the WHO MONICA-psychosocial (MOPSY) program (n=1676, 49.5% males, mean age 44.1±0.4 years), in 2003-2005 under the international project HAPIEE (n=1650, 34.9% males, mean age 54.25±0.2 years), in 2013-2016 (n=975, 43.8% males, mean age 34.5±0,4 years) and 2016-2017 (n=663, 41.3% males, mean age 51.95±0.32 years) within the framework of the budgetary theme No. AAAA-A17-117112850280-2, random representative samples of men and women in one of districts in Novosibirsk were examined. Job stress indicators were assessed using the Karasek’s scale adopted by MONICA-MOPSY.

Results: About 40% of male and female population in 1988 reported a change in occupation in the previous 12 years. The highest proportion of such persons was observed in the younger age groups and significant gender differences were also found there. By 2016-17, the proportion of those who changed their specialty decreased but gender differences were not determined. In 2016-17, the proportion of men and women who enjoy their job increased slightly compared to 1988, but the gender difference was insignificant.
Motivation Computational identification of promoters is notoriously difficult as human genes often have unique promoter sequences that provide regulation of transcription and interaction with transcription initiation complex. While there are many attempts to develop computational promoter identification methods, we have no reliable tool to analyze long genomic sequences. Results In this work, we further develop our deep learning approach that was relatively successful to discriminate short promoter and non-promoter sequences. Instead of focusing on the classification accuracy, in this work we predict the exact positions of the transcription start site inside the genomic sequences testing every possible location. We studied human promoters to find effective regions for discrimination and built corresponding deep learning models. These models use adaptively constructed negative set, which iteratively improves the model’s discriminative ability. Our method significantly outperforms the previously developed promoter prediction programs by considerably reducing the number of false-positive predictions. We have achieved error-per-1000-bp rate of 0.02 and have 0.31 errors per correct prediction, which is significantly better than the results of other human promoter predictors. Availability and implementation The developed method is available as a web server at http://www.cbrc.kaust.edu.sa/PromID/.
The work is devoted to the study of Diophantine equation, numbers k, m, u are nonnegative integers, number k is odd, and the right hand side 4t of the equation is suciently small positive integer.We give a complete description of solutions of the Diophantine equation.
Recently, we analyzed genome-wide protein binding data for the Drosophila cell lines S2, Kc, BG3 and Cl.8 (modENCODE Consortium) and identified a set of 12 proteins enriched in the regions corresponding to interbands of salivary gland polytene chromosomes. Using these data, we developed a bioinformatic pipeline that partitioned the Drosophila genome into four chromatin types that we hereby refer to as aquamarine, lazurite, malachite and ruby.
The discrete dipole approximation (DDA) is a general volume-discretization method for simulating optical properties of arbitrary particles. We employ the formulation of the DDA with rectangular-cuboid dipoles (voxels) and analyze it in the limit of very small thicknesses of both dipole and scatterer. Taking the limit of zero thickness greatly simplifies the theoretical formulation, resulting in the Rayleigh-Debye-Gans approximation combined with the boundary conditions at the plane interface. This can also be computed in the framework of the DDA, for which we developed a specialized modification of the open-source code ADDA. We also proved that the scattering quantities computed with the standard (3D) code are independent of number of dipoles along the particle thickness, when the latter is sufficiently small. This justifies the usage of dipole monolayers for practical simulations, including those for finite-width metasurfaces.
The sensory contact model allows forming different psycho-pathological states (anxious depression, catalepsy, social withdrawal, pathological aggression, cognition disturbances, anhedonia, addictive states etc.) produced by repeated agonistic interactions in male mice and investigating the therapeutic and preventive properties of any drug as well as its efficiency under simulated clinical conditions. This approach can be useful for a better understanding of the drugs’ action in different stages of disease development in individuals. It is suggested that this behavioral approach and pharmacological designs may be applied for the screening of novel psychotropic drugs.
Three-dimensional non-stationary modeling of liquid dielectric droplets on a wettable surface in an electric field is performed. The distribution of the electric field is calculated by solving the equation for the electric field potential. The lattice Boltzmann method is employed to describe the hydrodynamic processes with gravitational, electrostatic, and capillary forces. A hemispherical droplet is placed on the surface of the lower electrode. Two variants of the droplet behaviour are observed. The droplet can acquire its equilibrium shape after several oscillations or elongate unlimitedly up to its destruction.