Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Charm meson oscillations are observed in a time-dependent analysis of the ratio of ${D}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ to ${D}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ decay rates, using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $3.0\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ recorded by the LHCb experiment. The measurements presented are sensitive to the phase-space averaged ratio of doubly Cabibbo-suppressed to Cabibbo-favored amplitudes ${r}_{D}^{K3\ensuremath{\pi}}$ and the product of the coherence factor ${R}_{D}^{K3\ensuremath{\pi}}$ and a charm mixing parameter ${y}_{K3\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$. The constraints measured are ${r}_{D}^{K3\ensuremath{\pi}}=(5.67\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.12)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$, which is the most precise determination to date, and ${R}_{D}^{K3\ensuremath{\pi}}{y}_{K3\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{'}}=(0.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.8)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$, which provides useful input for determinations of the CP-violating phase $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ in ${B}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}D{K}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$, $D\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{\ensuremath{\mp}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{\mp}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$ decays. The analysis also gives the most precise measurement of the ${D}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ branching fraction, and the first observation of ${D}^{0}$--${\overline{D}}^{0}$ oscillations in this decay mode, with a significance of 8.2 standard deviations.
Genome architecture plays a pivotal role in gene regulation. The use of high-throughput methods for chromatin profiling and 3-D interaction mapping provide rich experimental data sets describing genome organization and dynamics. These data challenge development of new models and algorithms connecting genome architecture with epigenetic marks. In this review, we describe how chromatin architecture could be reconstructed from epigenetic data using biophysical or statistical approaches. We discuss the applicability and limitations of these methods for understanding the mechanisms of chromatin organization. We also highlight the emergence of new predictive approaches for scoring effects of structural variations in human cells.
The difference in the angular distributions between beauty quarks and antiquarks, referred to as the charge asymmetry, is measured for the first time in bb pair production at a hadron collider. The data used correspond to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb(-1) collected at 7 TeV center-of-mass energy in proton-proton collisions with the LHCb detector. The measurement is performed in three regions of the invariant mass of the bb system. The results obtained are A(C)(bb))(40 105 GeV/c(2)) = 1.6 ± 1.7 ± 0.6%, where A(C)(bb)) is defined as the asymmetry in the difference in rapidity between jets formed from the beauty quark and antiquark, where in each case the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. The beauty jets are required to satisfy 2 20 GeV, and have an opening angle in the transverse plane Δ ϕ > 2.6 rad. These measurements are consistent with the predictions of the standard model.
This is a discrete analogue of the corresponding theorem for Riemann surfaces.

The Bass-Serre theory of coverings of graphs of groups is employed to get the main result.

If a graph X is a degree 2 (unramified) covering of a hyperelliptic graph of genus g >= 2, then X is gamma-hyperelliptic for some gamma <= [(g-1)/2].
The karyotypes of three species of Pyrgomorphidae grasshoppers were studied: Zonocerus elegans (Thunberg, 1815), Pyrgomorpha guentheri (Burr, 1899) and Atractomorpha lata (Mochulsky, 1866). Data on karyotypes of P. guentheri and Z. elegans are reported here for the first time. All species have karyotypes consisting of 19 acrocentric chromosomes in males and 20 acrocentric chromosomes in females (2n♂=19, NF=19; 2n♀=20, NF=20) and X0/XX sex determination system. A comparative analysis of the localization of C-heterochromatin, clusters of ribosomal DNA, and telomere repeats revealed inter-species diversity in these cytogenetic markers. These differences indicate that the karyotype divergence in the species studied is not associated with structural chromosome rearrangements, but with the evolution of repeated DNA sequences.
Macrogeographic patterns of polytene chromosomal banding sequences were studied in natural populations of the Holarctic species Chironomus plumosus. Of the 31 inversion sequences now known, 16 are endemic to the Palearctic, 7 are endemic to the Nearctic, and 8 are Holarctic sequences common to both zoogeographic zones. Differences in the sets of inversion sequences found on each continent, plus differing frequencies of Holarctic sequences, result in great overall divergence of karyotypes on the two continents. The karyotype of Nearctic C. plumosus differs from that of Palearctic populations primarily by the presence of a homozygous Nearctic sequence in arm A (n'plu A9), along with fixation (h'plu C2, h'plu E2, and h'plu F1), or high frequency (h'plu D2), of Holarctic sequences which are present but less frequent in the Palearctic. Although long continental isolation has led to great divergence of karyotypes on opposite sides of the Atlantic Ocean, all populations of C. plumosus show sufficient cytogenetic similarity to constitute a single Holarctic species.Key words: karyotype, inversion polymorphism, cytogenetic distances, Chironomus.
Sorex araneus, the Common shrew, is a species with more than 70 karyotypic races, many of which form parapatric hybrid zones, making it a model for studying chromosomal speciation. Hybrids between races have reduced fitness, but microsatellite markers have demonstrated considerable gene flow between them, calling into question whether the chromosomal barriers actually do contribute to genetic divergence.

We studied phenotypic clines across two hybrid zones with especially complex heterozygotes. Hybrids between the Novosibirsk and Tomsk races produce chains of nine and three chromosomes at meiosis, and hybrids between the Moscow and Seliger races produce chains of eleven. Our goal was to determine whether phenotypes show evidence of reduced gene flow at hybrid zones. We used maximum likelihood to fit tanh cline models to geometric shape data and found that phenotypic clines in skulls and mandibles across these zones had similar centers and widths as chromosomal clines.

The amount of phenotypic differentiation across the zones is greater than expected if it were dissipating due to unrestricted gene flow given the amount of time since contact, but it is less than expected to have accumulated from drift during allopatric separation in glacial refugia. Only if heritability is very low, Ne very high, and the time spent in allopatry very short, will the differences we observe be large enough to match the expectation of drift. Our results therefore suggest that phenotypic differentiation has been lost through gene flow since post-glacial secondary contact, but not as quickly as would be expected if there was free gene flow across the hybrid zones. The chromosomal tension zones are confirmed to be partial barriers that prevent differentiated races from becoming phenotypically homogenous.
The width of the ${f}_{1}(1285)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ decay is calculated in the vector meson dominance model.

The result depends on the relative phase between two coupling constants describing ${f}_{1}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\rho}}^{0}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ decay. Direct ${f}_{1}$ production in ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collisions is discussed, and the ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{f}_{1}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{a}_{0}\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\eta}\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\pi}$ cross section is calculated.

The width $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}({f}_{1}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}})$ is estimated to be $\ensuremath{\simeq}0.07--0.19\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{eV}$. Charge asymmetry in the ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\eta}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ reaction due to interference between ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{f}_{1}$ and ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\eta}{\ensuremath{\rho}}^{0}$ amplitudes is studied.
The all‐phosphorus analogue of benzene, stabilized as middle deck in triple‐decker complexes, is a promising building block for the formation of graphene‐like sheet structures.

The reaction of [(CpMo) 2 (μ,η 6 :η 6 ‐P 6 )] ( 1 ) with CuX (X=Br, I) leads to self‐assembly into unprecedented 2D networks of [{(CpMo) 2 P 6 }(CuBr) 4 ] n ( 2 ) and [{(CpMo) 2 P 6 }(CuI) 2 ] n ( 3 ). X‐ray structural analyses show a unique deformation of the previously planar cyclo ‐P 6 ligand. This includes bending of one P atom in an envelope conformation as well as a bisallylic distortion. Both polymers were furthermore analyzed by 31 P{ 1 H} magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopy, revealing signals corresponding to six non‐equivalent phosphorus sites. A peak assignment is achieved by 2D correlation spectra as well as by DFT chemical shift computations.

Despite this, 2 and 3 form planar layers.
Synthetic and natural polymeric esters find applications in transport and construction sectors, where fire safety is an important concern. One polymer that is widely used is poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), which almost completely undergoes thermal decomposition into methyl methacrylate (its monomer) CH2=C(CH3)−C(=O)−O−CH3 (MMA) at ∼250–300∘C.

In order to analyze the high-temperature gas-phase oxidation of PMMA, and thereby predict its fire behavior (such as burning rate, temperature of the material, and heat fluxes) with less computational effort, a compact kinetic model for the oxidation of its primary decomposition product, MMA, is most essential. This is accomplished in the present work by obtaining a reduced mechanism for MMA oxidation from a detailed mechanism from the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories group.To extend the available data base for model validation and present validation data at atmospheric pressure conditions, for the first time, (i) detailed measurements of species profiles have been performed in stoichiometric laminar flat flames using flame sampling molecular beam mass spectrometry (MBMS) technique and (ii) laminar burning velocities have been obtained using the heat flux method for various unburnt mixture temperatures.

Evaluating the model against these data sets point to the need to revise the kinetic model, which is achieved by adopting rate constants of key reactions among analogous molecules from recent literature. The updated compact kinetic model is able to predict the major species in the flat flame as well as the burning velocity of MMA satisfactorily. The final 'short MMA mechanism' consists of 88 species and 1084 reactions.
We report synthesis of 15N-3-19F-pyridine via Zincke salt formation with overall 35% yield and 84% 15N isotopic purity.

Hyperpolarization studies of signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) and SABRE in SHield Enables Alignment Transfer to Heteronuclei (SABRE-SHEATH) were performed to investigate the mechanism of polarization transfer from parahydrogen-derived hydride protons to 19F nucleus in millitesla and microtesla magnetic-field regimes in 15N-3-19F-pyridine and 14N-3-19F-pyridine.

We found the mismatch between 15N and 19F magnetic-field hyperpolarization profiles in the microtesla regime indicating that the spontaneous hyperpolarization process likely happens directly from parahydrogen-derived hydride protons to 19F nucleus without spin-relaying via 15N site. In the case of SABRE magnetic-field regime (millitesla magnetic-field range), we found that magnetic-field profiles for 1H and 19F hyperpolarization are very similar and 19F polarization levels are significantly lower than 1H SABRE polarization levels and lower than 19F SABRE-SHEATH (i.e., obtained at microtesla magnetic field) polarization levels. Our findings support the hypothesis that in millitesla magnetic-field regime, the process of 19F nuclei hyperpolarization is relayed via protons of the substrate and therefore is very inefficient. These findings are important in the context of improvement of the hyperpolarization hardware and rational design of the hyperpolarized molecular probes.
In China, rock art is spread mainly in the border regions – carvings and engravings in the north of the country and paintings in the south. Before the beginning of the 21st century, research books and albums of petroglyphs were published in four administrative units at provincial level in the north-west of the county: Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Xinjiang and Qinghai. Petroglyphs of Inner Mongolia were studied and published by Gai Shanlin, Liang Zhenhua and N. Dalengurib. The earliest and the latest books by Gai Shanlin available to us (published in 1985 and 2002 respectively) were entirely devoted to the interpretation of rock carvings and searches for their analogies. All four monographs on Ningxia rock art – by Zhou Xinghua, Li Xiangshi and Zhu Cunshi, Xu Cheng and Wei Zhong were published almost simultaneously, at the beginning of the 1990s. Ancient rock art of Xinjiang was published in albums by Zhao Yangfeng, Wang Linshan and Wang Bo and in books by Wang Binghua and Su Beihai. The monograph by Tang Huisheng and Zhang Wenhua was devoted to the description of Qinghai petroglyphs and the problems of their interpretation. The album of photos “The Rock Arts of China” is a kind of a guide to the main rock art sites known by 1993 in all the Chinese provinces. Generally, it can be stated that modern Chinese scientific rock art research was born in the first half of the 1980s, when the first articles on rock carvings started to appear in Chinese archaeological periodicals and flourished in the second half of the 1980s and the 1990s, when quite a number of monographs were published.
One of the limitations in obtaining the genetic diversity of doubled haploid (DH) lines via anther culture is the development of families of regenerants, and each family represents a clone. This work examines the results of studying this phenomenon in anther culture of alloplasmic (H. vulgare)–T. aestivum and euplasmic lines with 1RS.1BL and 7DL-7Ai translocations and hybrids between them. Parameters of androgenesis such as the number of embryo-like structures, the total number of regenerants, and the number of green regenerants per 100 anthers varied depending on the genotype. In all genotypes from embryo-like structures, predominant development of families of plantlets rather than single plantlets was found. The source of family plantlets was polyembryos. About 75% of families consisted of regenerants at the same fertility level. On average, 37.74%4% of the R0 plants were fertile. The sister DH lines of three hybrid combinations were formed from seeds of R1 plants (2n = 42) with high fertility and in the presence of wheat–alien translocations. After four years of breeding trials, the sister DH lines of three families with fungal disease resistance increased yield, and some parameters of grain quality exceeding the controls were identified as promising for breeding.
Standardization of conditions under which insects are kept is of great importance when studying their physiology and researchers do their best to maintain it. Nevertheless, sometimes an obvious side effect of some unaccounted factor affecting insects’ reproduction can be revealed even under thoroughly controlled laboratory conditions. We faced such a phenomenon when studying the fertility level in two wild type Drosophila melanogaster strains. For fertility analysis, 50 newly emerged females and 50 males of each strain under study were transferred to fresh medium daily within 10 days. We found out that fertility of both strains was stable on days 2–10 after the oviposition onset in one experiment, while in another one it was significantly decreased during days 5–10. When compared to publicly available meteorological data, these changes in the fertility level demonstrated a strong association with one weather factor: barometric pressure. Thus, we conclude that changes in atmospheric pressure can be considered a factor affecting insects reproduction and discuss a possible mechanism of their influence on fertility.
Long-term space travel simulation experiments enabled to discover different aspects of human metabolism such as the complexity of NaCl salt balance. Detailed proteomics data were collected during the Mars105 isolation experiment enabling a deeper insight into the molecular processes involved. We studied the abundance of about two thousand proteins extracted from urine samples of six volunteers collected weekly during a 105-day isolation experiment under controlled dietary conditions including progressive reduction of salt consumption. Machine learning using Self Organizing maps (SOM) in combination with different analysis tools was applied to describe the time trajectories of protein abundance in urine. The method enables a personalized and intuitive view on the physiological state of the volunteers. The abundance of more than one half of the proteins measured clearly changes in the course of the experiment. The trajectory splits roughly into three time ranges, an early (week 1-6), an intermediate (week 7-11) and a late one (week 12-15). Regulatory modes associated with distinct biological processes were identified using previous knowledge by applying enrichment and pathway flow analysis. Early protein activation modes can be related to immune response and inflammatory processes, activation at intermediate times to developmental and proliferative processes and late activations to stress and responses to chemicals. The protein abundance profiles support previous results about alternative mechanisms of salt storage in an osmotically inactive form. We hypothesize that reduced NaCl consumption of about 6 g/day presumably will reduce or even prevent the activation of inflammatory processes observed in the early time range of isolation. SOM machine learning in combination with analysis methods of class discovery and functional annotation enable the straightforward analysis of complex proteomics data sets generated by means of mass spectrometry.
The present report is devoted to analysis of results obtained with modern molecular and molecular-cytogenetic methods in studies of karyotype and genome organization in various animal species. Perspectives of their application for the study of karyotype and genome organization in plants are considered and discussed.
A metallic wire embedded in the dielectric substrate leads to frustration of the total internal reflection at the interface between dielectric and free space.

The scattering by a gold cylinder is studied in order to exploit the light for hidden objects optical diagnostics. The p-wave incidenting by the angle close to total reflection with the frequency near plasmonic resonance is treated by the modified boundary elements method. The magnetic and electric fields at the interface are calculated.

The scattering diagrams are found in near and far field.
The effect of an optical pulsed discharge created by CO2-laser with an average power of 1.8 kW on the aerodynamic drag of a model in a supersonic air flow is experimentally investigated. Experiments were carried out in a supersonic wind tunnel MAU-M (diameter of the nozzle outlet dc = 50 mm) on the modes M = 1,36, Re1 = 1.4–3.8*107 1/m. To ensure a stable optical breakdown, a jet of argon gas was introduced into the focusing region of the laser beam.

As a result, a decrease in the aerodynamic drag force was obtained. It is shown, that the increasing of the laser pulses repetition frequency leads to the decreasing in the aerodynamic drag force. The maximum decrease was 15% at a maximum frequency f = 90 kHz.
Interpretation of the oil well electrics data on the basis of geophysical and hydrodynamic compatibility model was carried out with materials from the Russkinsky and the Tevlinsko-Russkinsky oil fields of Western Siberia.

Coupled geomechanic and fluid flow analysis is applied to reduce ambiguity of the solution of the inverse problem and to increase reliability of oil reservoir parameters definition. Input parameters of joint model were determined from data of geophysical study of borehole and core analysis.

The object of research is the Jurassic oil collector which has a complex structure of penetration zone.
A novel and convenient approach for the solid-phase 5'-functionalization of oligonucleotides is proposed in this article. The approach is based on the activation of free 5'-hydroxyl of polymer support-bound protected oligonucleotides by N,N'-disuccinimidyl carbonate followed by interaction with amino-containing ligands. Novel amino-containing derivatives of closo-dodecaborate, estrone, cholesterol, and α-tocopherol were specially prepared. A wide range of oligonucleotide conjugates bearing closo-dodecaborate, short peptide, pyrene, lipophilic residues (cholesterol, α-tocopherol, folate, estrone), aliphatic diamines, and propargylamine were synthesized and characterized to demonstrate the versatility of the approach.

The developed method is suitable for the conjugate synthesis of oligonucleotides of different types (ribo-, deoxyribo-, 2'-O-methylribo-, and others).
Резюме.Впервые описаны сообщества Orthoptera в бассейне р.Карасук.Выявлено обитание 50 видов прямокрылых.Среди них представлены как потенциальные
During past three decades, extensive investigations have been performed on magnetism of the intermetallic compounds RMn 2 X 2 (R: rare earth, X: Si or Ge) which are characterized by a layered arrangement of R, Mn and X atoms.

The magnetic properties of these compounds are governed by
The AWAKE Collaboration has been formed in order to demonstrate proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration for the first time. This acceleration technique could lead to future colliders of high energy but of a much reduced length when compared to proposed linear accelerators. The CERN SPS proton beam in the CNGS facility will be injected into a 10 m plasma cell where the long proton bunches will be modulated into significantly shorter micro-bunches. These micro-bunches will then initiate a strong wakefield in the plasma with peak fields above 1 GV/m that will be harnessed to accelerate a bunch of electrons from about 20 MeV to the GeV scale within a few meters. The experimental program is based on detailed numerical simulations of beam and plasma interactions. The main accelerator components, the experimental area and infrastructure required as well as the plasma cell and the diagnostic equipment are discussed in detail. First protons to the experiment are expected at the end of 2016 and this will be followed by an initial three-four years experimental program. The experiment will inform future larger-scale tests of proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration and applications to high energy colliders.