Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Fundamental studies of molecular and cellular mechanisms of cardiovascular disease pathogenesis are required to create more effective and safer methods of their therapy. The studies can be carried out only when model systems that fully recapitulate pathological phenotype seen in patients are used. Application of laboratory animals for cardiovascular disease modeling is limited because of physiological differences with humans. Since discovery of induced pluripotency generating induced pluripotent stem cells has become a breakthrough technology in human disease modeling. In this review, we discuss a progress that has been made in modeling inherited arrhythmias and cardiomyopathies, studying molecular mechanisms of the diseases, and searching for and testing drug compounds using patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes.
We study fermion-boson transitions.Our approach is based on the 3 × 3 subequations of Dirac and Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau equations, which link these equations.We demonstrate that free Dirac equation can be invertibly converted to spin-0 Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau equation in the presence of a neutrino field.We also show that in special external fields, upon assuming again existence of a neutrino (Weyl) spinor, the Dirac equation can be transformed reversibly to spin-0 Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau equation.We argue that such boson-fermions transitions are consistent with the main channel of pion decay.
We analyze the formation of localized structures in cavity-enhanced second-harmonic generation.

We focus on the phase-matched limit, and consider that fundamental and generated waves have opposite signs of group velocity dispersion. We show that these states form due to the locking of domain walls connecting two stable homogeneous states of the system, and undergo collapsed snaking.

We study the impact of temporal walk-off on the stability and dynamics of these localized states.
Here we explore the effect of the nature of organic ligands in rhenium cluster complexes [Re 6 Q 8 L 6 ] 4− (where Q=S or Se, and L=benzotriazole, 1,2,3‐triazole or 1,2,4‐triazole) on the biological properties of the complexes, in particular on the cellular toxicity, cellular internalization and localization.

Specifically, the study describes the synthesis and detailed characterization of the structure, luminescence and electrochemical properties of the four new Re 6 clusters with 1,2,3‐ and 1,2,4‐triazoles. Biological assays of these complexes are also discussed in addition to those with benzotriazole using cervical cancer (HeLa) and immortalized human fibroblasts (CRL‐4025) as model cell lines.

Our study demonstrates that the presence of hydrophobic and π‐bonding rich units such as the benzene ring in benzotriazole significantly enhances cellular internalization of rhenium clusters. These ligands facilitate binding of the clusters to DNA, which results in increased cytotoxicity of the complexes.
The study of sudden cardiac death (SCD) and its etiopathogenesis in cardiology practice remains one of the most pressing public health problems. In Western countries, SCD accounts for 20% of the total mortality and 50% of mortality associated with cardiovascular diseases. Considering the electrical instability in the myocardium as one of the main reasons for the development of life-threatening arrhythmias (ventricular tachycardia / ventricular fibrillation) and SCD, one should be aware of such provoking factors as ischemic heart disease, myocarditis, valvular heart disease, pharmacological influences, cardiomyopathy, and channelopathy. An increase or decrease in the duration of the QT interval, which reflects the work of ion channels, as well as ventricular depolarization and repolarization, increases the risk of SCD. The aim of this review was to study and analyze the available literature data on the relationship of molecular genetic markers with the duration of the QT interval. Currently, there is a number of genetic studies that allow to identify a large number of mutations and polymorphisms of known genes that affect the variability of the QT interval, showing their significance in risk stratification of sudden arrhythmic death and choosing the right tactics for managing, preventing, and treating patients, thus reducing the risk of SCD. The predictive value of genetic testing is the highest for long QT syndrome (LQTS), for which a gene-specific risk profile has been established, and lower for other channelopathies. A large amount of genetic data may be a promising approach to quantifying the risk of SCD, especially at a young age, which will be facilitated by further study of this problem.
The Russian System for Differential Correction and Monitoring (SDCM) is introduced. The current role of SDCM as a provider of positioning navigation and timing services is described.

It is shown that the next generation infrastructure for high-precision positioning can be based on SDCM.
The paper is devoted to comparison of multiple-objectives optimization algorithms in application to the problem of design optimization of a multiply fractured horizontal well (MFHW). The problem is stated either as a single-objective one, where only the income based on Net Present Value (NPV) is maximized, or as a multi-objective problem, where it is necessary to simultaneously find extremes of NPV, the post-fracture oil production and fracturing costs. Three popular stochastic optimization methods are considered: genetic algorithms (GA), simulated annealing (SA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO). Since PSO, SA and GA techniques employ different strategies and computational efforts, the comparison of their efficiency was carried out by testing on synthetic problems and then applied to the example of a MFHW in a low-permeable oil reservoir.
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a complex multifactorial neurodegenerative disease that constitutes the most common cause of irreversible blindness in the elderly in the developed countries. Incomplete knowledge about its pathogenesis prevents the search for effective methods of prevention and treatment of AMD, primarily of its 'dry' type which is by far the most common (90% of all AMD cases). In the recent years, AMD has become 'younger': late stages of the disease are now detected in relatively young people.

It is known that AMD pathogenesis-according to the age-related structural and functional changes in the retina-is linked with inflammation, hypoxia, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and an impairment of neurotrophic support, but the mechanisms that trigger the conversion of normal age-related changes to the pathological process as well as the reason for early AMD development remain unclear. In the adult mammalian retina, de novo neurogenesis is very limited. Therefore, the structural and functional features that arise during its maturation and formation can exert long-term effects on further ontogenesis of this tissue.

The aim of this review was to discuss possible contributions of the changes/disturbances in retinal neurogenesis to the early development of AMD.
We report on a search in ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ annihilations for new ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$-like particles produced in association with a $\ensuremath{\tau}$-lepton pair. These objects, with a similar mass and similar decay modes to ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$ mesons, could provide an explanation for the non-asymptotic behavior of the pion-photon transition form factor observed by the BABAR Collaboration. No significant signal is observed, and limits on the production cross section at the level of 73 fb or 370 fb, depending on the model parameters, are determined at 90% confidence level. These upper limits lie below the cross section values needed to explain the BABAR form factor data.
GeO2/Ge/InxGa1−xAs heterostructures grown on (100) GaAs substrates were studied using Raman spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy.

Both nearly pseudomorphic tensile-strained and nearly completely relaxed Ge films were grown and studied. The maximum tensile strain for Ge films with a thickness of ≈7 nm reaches 2.25%.

PL data confirm the conclusions that the band gap offset of Ge/InxGa1−xAs is sensitive to the polarity of the bonds at the interface, and also to a parameter of x and the relaxation of strain. Depending on these parameters, the Ge/InxGa1−xAs may be type-I or type-II heterostructures.
The paper elaborates on and develops the concept of “position”. Drawing on the examples from the history of science and philosophy from G. Galileo to the works of the Moscow Methodological Circle in the second half of the 60s - early 70s of the 19th century the author considers the cultural phenomenon of positional thinking. Special attention is paid to the philosophy of I.G. Fichte. An assumption is made and substantiated that Fichte’s dialectics is a model of specifically positional thinking and provides a basis for determining the objective content of the concept of “position”. The paper also describes the context of the emergence of positional schemes, their specific structure and use in the works of MMK as a normative-logical apparatus, an alternative to formal logic. It also outlines the area of topical problems associated with the concept of “position”.
A review on the development of cosmology for a diverse audience is presented. The first historical part is devoted to the works done half a century ago with an emphasize to those performed in Russia (or more precisely, in the Soviet Union). Then the recent data on the cosmic microwave background raditation is discussed and the impact of these data on the neutrino mass and the number of neutrino species is considered. The latter is compared with the results obtained from the big bang nucleosynthesis. Next, a short description and history of the cosmological inflation is presented. The basics of the standard cosmological model and the problems of dark matter and dark energy are considered at the end of the fist section entitled “Progress”. In the next short section, “Problems”, one can find a list of the unsolved cosmological and astrophysical problems, which is by no means fully comprehensive. The last supershort section contains a few words about the perspectives of future development.
The PreProcessor of the ATLAS Level-1 Calorimeter Trigger prepares the analogue trigger signals sent from the ATLAS calorimeters by digitising, synchronising, and calibrating them to reconstruct transverse energy deposits, which are then used in further processing to identify event features. During the first long shutdown of the LHC from 2013 to 2014, the central components of the PreProcessor, the Multichip Modules, were replaced by upgraded versions that feature modern ADC and FPGA technology to ensure optimal performance in the high pile-up environment of LHC Run 2. This paper describes the features of the new Multichip Modules along with the improvements to the signal processing achieved.
The paper presents an educational version of the tomography algorithm BASIC TOMO, which is aimed at demonstration of the role of different controlling parameters in inversion. The algorithm uses a simplified approximation of rays with straight lines and a model parameterization with the use of rectangular cells. The tomography procedure is reduced to solving a system of linear equations, which is performed using the LSQR method. This study presents several exercises showing the role of different factors in inversion, such as grid spacing, smoothing, ray configuration, and noise in the data. The calculations are performed for different types of synthetic models. All the results can be easily reproduced using the appended version of the BASIC TOMO code.
The abundance of mammalian long intergenic non-coding RNA (lincRNA) genes is high, yet their functions remain largely unknown. One possible way to study this important question is to use large-scale comparisons of various characteristics of lincRNA with those of protein-coding genes for which a large body of functional information is available.

A prominent feature of mammalian protein-coding genes is the high evolutionary conservation of the exon-intron structure. Comparative analysis of putative intron positions in lincRNA genes from various mammalian genomes

suggests that some lincRNA introns have been conserved for over 100 million years, thus the primary and/or secondary structure of these molecules is likely to be functionally important.
The formation of the periodic structures based on Si-materials by electron beam lithography technique has been studied. We have investigated lithography processes such as designing, exposition, development, etching end others. The developed technique allows forming close-packed arrays of elements and holes in the nanometre range. This can be used to produce two-dimensional photonic crystals (2D PhCs) with emitting micro cavities (missing holes) with lateral size parameters within an accuracy of about 2% in the Si (100) substrate and in silicon-on-insulator structures. Such accuracy is expected to be sufficient for obtaining the cavities-coupling radiation interference from large areas of 2D PhCs.
The natural variation of starch phosphate content in potatoes has been previously reported. It is known that, in contrast to raw starch, commercially phosphorylated starch is more stable at high temperatures and shear rates and has higher water capacity. The genetic improvement of phosphate content in potato starch by selection or engineering would allow the production of phosphorylated starch in a natural, environmentally friendly way without chemicals. The aim of the current research is to identify genomic SNPs associated with starch phosphorylation by carrying out a genome-wide association study in potatoes. A total of 90 S. tuberosum L. varieties were used for phenotyping and genotyping. The phosphorus content of starch in 90 potato cultivars was measured and then statistically analysed. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the third and eighth principal components appeared to be sensitive to variation in phosphorus content (p = 0.0005 and p = 0.002, respectively). PC3 showed the correlation of starch phosphorus content with allelic variations responsible for higher phosphorylation levels, found in four varieties. Similarly, PC8 indicated that hybrid 785/8–5 carried an allele associated with high phosphorus content, while the Impala and Red Scarlet varieties carried alleles for low phosphorus content. Genotyping was carried out using an Illumina 22 K SNP potato array. A total of 15,214 scorable SNPs (71.7% success rate) was revealed. GWAS mapping plots were obtained using TASSEL based on several statistical models, including general linear models (GLMs), with and without accounting for population structure, as well as MLM. A total of 17 significant SNPs was identified for phosphorus content in potato starch, 14 of which are assigned to 8 genomic regions on chromosomes 1, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, and 11. Most of the SNPs identified belong to protein coding regions; however, their allelic variation was not associated with changes in protein structure or function. A total of 8 novel genomic regions possibly associated with starch phosphorylation on potato chromosomes 1, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, and 11 was revealed. Further validation of the SNPs identified and the analysis of the surrounding genomic regions for candidate genes will allow better understanding of starch phosphorylation biochemistry. The most indicative SNPs may be useful for developing diagnostic markers to accelerate the breeding of potatoes with predetermined levels of starch phosphorylation.
An equilibrium problem of the Kirchhoff–Love plate containing a nonhomogeneous inclusion is considered. It is assumed that elastic properties of the inclusion depend on a small parameter characterizing the width of the inclusion ε as εN with N<1. The passage to the limit as the parameter ε tends to zero is justified, and an asymptotic model of a plate containing a thin inhomogeneous hard inclusion is constructed. It is shown that there exists two types of thin inclusions: rigid inclusion (N<−1) and elastic inclusion (N=−1). The inhomogeneity disappears in the case of N∈(−1,1).
Knowing the band structure of materials is one of the prerequisites to understanding their properties. Therefore, angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) has become a highly demanded experimental tool to investigate the band structure. However, especially in thin film materials with a layered structure and several capping layers, access to the electronic structure by ARPES is limited. Therefore, several alternative methods to obtain the required information have been suggested.

Here we directly invert the results by cyclotron resonance experiments to obtain the band structure of a two-dimensional (2D) material. This procedure is applied to the mercury telluride quantum well with a critical thickness which is characterized by a 2D electron gas with linear dispersion relations.

The Dirac-like band structure in this material could be mapped both on the electron and on the hole side of the band diagram. In this material, purely linear dispersion of the holelike carriers is in contrast to detectable quadratic corrections for the electrons.
Understanding the genetic basis of frost tolerance (FT) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is essential for preventing yield losses caused by frost due to cellular damage, dehydration and reduced metabolism. FT is a complex trait regulated by a number of genes and several gene families. Availability of the wheat genomic sequence opens new opportunities for exploring candidate genes diversity for FT.

Therefore, the objectives of this study were to identity SNPs and insertion-deletion (indels) in genes known to be involved in frost tolerance and to perform association genetics analysis of respective SNPs and indels on FT. Here we report on the sequence analysis of 19 candidate genes for FT in wheat assembled using the Chinese Spring IWGSC RefSeq v1.0. A set of 65 primer pairs for the genes mentioned above from a previous study was BLASTed against the IWGSC RefSeq resulting in the identification of 39 primer combinations covering the full length of 19 genes.

Out of these, the tandem duplicated C-repeat binding factors (CBF), i.e. CBF-A3, CBF-A5, CBF-A10, CBF-A13, CBF-A14, CBF-A15, CBF-A18, the vernalisation response gene VRN-A1, VRN-B3, the photoperiod response genes PPD-B1 and PPD-D1 revealed association to FT in 235 wheat cultivars. Within six genes (CBF-A3, CBF-A15, VRN-A1, VRN-B3, PPD-B1 and PPD-D1) amino acid (AA) substitutions in important protein domains were identified. The amino acid substitution effect in VRN-A1 on FT was confirmed and new AA substitutions in CBF-A3, CBF-A15, VRN-B3, PPD-B1 and PPD-D1 located at highly conserved sites were detected. Since these results rely on phenotypic data obtained at five locations in 2 years, detection of significant associations of FT to AA changes in CBF-A3, CBF-A15, VRN-A1, VRN-B3, PPD-B1 and PPD-D1 may be exploited in marker assisted breeding for frost tolerance in winter wheat. This work demonstrates the usefulness of the IWGSC RefSeq in specific primer development for highly conserved gene families in hexaploid wheat and, that a candidate gene association genetics approach based on the sequence data is an efficient tool to identify new alleles of genes important for the response to abiotic stress in wheat.
High temperature annealing of thick (40–100 nm) Ge layers deposited on Si(100) at ∼400 °C leads to the formation of continuous films prior to their transformation into porous-like films due to dewetting. The evolution of Si-Ge composition, lattice strain, and surface morphology caused by dewetting is analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, Raman, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopies. The Raman data reveal that the transformation from the continuous to porous film proceeds through strong Si-Ge interdiffusion, reducing the Ge content from 60% to about 20%, and changing the stress from compressive to tensile. We expect that Ge atoms migrate into the Si substrate occupying interstitial sites and providing thereby the compensation of the lattice mismatch. Annealing generates only one type of radiative recombination centers in SiGe resulting in a PL peak located at about 0.7 and 0.8 eV for continuous and porous film areas, respectively. Since annealing leads to the propagation of threading dislocations through the SiGe/Si interface, we can tentatively associate the observed PL peak to the well-known dislocation-related D1 band.
Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is a unique method for studying structure and dynamics of nucleic acid complexes. It is widely used for the investigation of conformational properties of native N...
Aim . To determine glucose levels and the prevalence of hyperglycemia, as a component of metabolic syndrome (MS), among men of an open population of 25-64 years of Siberian city.

Material and methods . The study of the prevalence of MS and its components was carried out following a cardiological screening of men aged 25-64 years of Western Siberia city (Tyumen). In order to conduct a single-step epidemiological study using the 'random numbers' method, a representative sample of 1000 people was formed among men 25-34, 35-44, 45-54, 55-64 years of Tyumen, the response was 85,2%. Hyperglycemia was taken into account according to the criteria of the metabolic syndrome by NCEPATPIII (2004), IDF (2005), Russian Society of Cardiology (RSC) (2009). The distribution of quantitative parameters in the population was assessed using a percentile analysis.

Results . An average glucose level was established for men of 25-64 years old in Tyumen (4,9±0,8 mmol/l). In participants of 35-44 and 55-64 years, a significant increase in glucose levels was determined. The prevalence of hyperglycemia was 174% according to the same NCEPATP, IDF assessment criteria, 77% — according to the RSC criteria. A consistent age-related trend in the prevalence of hyperglycemia was formed in 3 decades of 25-54 years diapason. Conclusion . The presented regional features of glucose levels and the prevalence of hyperglycemia should be taken into account when developing a strategy for the prevention of cardiovascular and other non-infectious diseases in Siberian cities.