Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Purpose. In the course of archaeological research of Russian ostrogs (wooden fortresses) in Siberia, which belong to the end of the 16th – the first half of the 18th centuries, researchers come across remains of defensive fortifications, interpretation of which is rather complicated. Such remains include traces of continuous pile and column foundations of ostrog towers. The objective of this article is to identify all known structures of this type, determine essential elements of their construction and discover the functional purpose of such a foundation. Results. In the course of archаeological research, four towers with continuous pile and column foundation were discovered, namely, a south-western tower of Umrevinskii Ostrog, one of Tobolsk towers, a south-eastern tower and a north-western tower of Udinskii Ostrog. Information on discovery of towers with such a foundation in Mangazeya was not confirmed. The existence of such a foundation under the western tower of the Sosnovskii Ostrog remains disputable. One of such towers preserved its original foundation in the town of Bel’sk (Irkutsk region) till 1987. Three towers with continuous pile and column foundations were discovered in Krasnoyarskii Ostrog in written sources. Conclusion. It is determined that all towers were located on the slope or next to it, their dimensions were considerably smaller than average ones, while their depth and thickness of logs were equal and met the same parameters of the lath fence walls. Such towers were intended first for reducing a load on unstable grounds on the slopes and next to them at the expense of small sizes of towers and secondly for preventing uneven subsidence of the tower bases, which due to a small perimeter thereof can result in a considerable lurch and subsequent collapse or damage of the structural integrity of the building.
The first iodide cluster of molybdenum with the metal cage in the form of a tetragonal pyramid (Bu 4 N)[Mo 5 OI 13 ]·THF ( I ) and cocrystallizate (Bu 4 N){[Mo 5 OI 13 ] 0.9 [Mo 6 I 14 ]·THF ( II ) are synthesized for the first time by heating a LiI–I 2 –Mo mixture in a temperature range of 300–400°С followed by the extraction of the product.

Complexes I and II are studied by X-ray diffraction analysis (CIF files CCDC nos. 2063029 ( I ) and 2063030 ( II )). The molybdenum atoms in [Mo 5 OI 13 ] – form a square pyramid with Mo–Mo distances of 2.67 Å between the basal molybdenum atoms and the Mo–Mo distances equal to 2.72 Å between the apical and basal molybdenum atoms. The oxygen atom is coordinated to the pyramid base (Mo–μ 4 -O 2.10 Å).

The cluster anion [Mo 5 OI 13 ] – can be presented as the octahedral cluster anion [Mo 6 I 14 ] 2– in which the position of the {MoI} – fragment ( d 0 , 6e) is occupied by the isoelectronic oxygen atom ( s 2 p 4 , 6e). In the structure of compound II , the [Mo 5 OI 13 ] – and [Mo 6 I 14 ] 2– cluster anions occupy close atomic positions.
Within the framework of the density functional theory (DFT) and the hybrid functional B3LYP by means of the CRYSTAL17 program code, the wavenumbers and intensities of normal oscillations of MgCO3, CaCO3, ZnCO3, CdCO3 in the structure of calcite; CaMg(CO3)2, CdMg(CO3)2, CaMn(CO3)2, CaZn(CO3)2 in the structure of dolomite; BaMg(CO3)2 in the structure of the norsethite type; and CaCO3, SrCO3, BaCO3, and PbCO3 in the structure of aragonite were calculated. Infrared absorption and Raman spectra were compared with the known experimental data of synthetic and natural crystals. For lattice and intramolecular modes, linear dependences on the radius and mass of the metal cation are established. The obtained dependences have predictive power and can be used to study solid carbonate solutions. For trigonal and orthorhombic carbonates, the linear dependence of wavenumbers on the cation radius RM (or M–O distance) is established for the infrared in-plane bending mode: 786.2–65.88·RM and Raman in-plane stretching mode: 768.5–53.24·RM, with a correlation coefficient of 0.87.
Electronic configuration of chemically bound atoms at the surface, including adsorbed species, or in the bulk of a solid contains a set of natural traps for energy absorption provided by valence band transitions or plasmon oscillations. The core level excitation of any origin is generally coupled with those traps, forming a multichannel route for nonradiative energy dissipation.

Using an example of Pt and graphite-based materials, the study shows experimental tracing over these channels by means of elastic electron scattering and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

As a complement to the experimental data, calculations of the density of states provide information on chemical behavior and local geometry of the atoms in a sample.
The beam energy measurement system is of great importance and profit for both BEPC-II accelerator and BES-III detector.

The system is based on measuring the energies of Compton back-scattered photons. Many advanced techniques and precise instruments are employed to realize the highly accurate measurement of positron/electron beam energy. During five year's running period, in order to meet the requirement of data taking and improve the capacity of measurement itself, the upgradation of system is continued, which involve the component reformation of laser and optics subsystem, replacement of view-port of the laser to vacuum insertion subsystem, the purchase of electric cooling system for high purity germanium detector, and the improvement of data acquisition and processing subsystem.

The upgrading of system guarantees the smooth and efficient measuring of beam energy at BEPC-II and accommodates the accurate offline energy values for further physics analysis at BES-III.
A study of mixing and indirect CP violation in D0 mesons through the determination of the parameters y_CP and A_\Gamma\ is presented. The parameter y_CP is the deviation from unity of the ratio of effective lifetimes measured in D0 decays to the CP eigenstate K+K- with respect to decays to the Cabibbo favoured mode K-\pi+. The result measured using data collected by LHCb in 2010, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 29 pb^-1, is y_CP = (5.5+/-6.3_{stat}+/-4.1_{syst}) x 10^-3. The parameter A_\Gamma\ is the asymmetry of effective lifetimes measured in decays of D0 and anti-D0 mesons to K+K-. The result is A_\Gamma\ = (-5.9+/-5.9_{stat}+/-2.1_{syst}) x 10^-3. A data-driven technique is used to correct for lifetime-biasing effects.
We report the measurement of $e^+e^- \to D^+_sD^*_{s2}(2573)^-+c.c.$ via initial-state radiation using a data sample of an integrated luminosity of 921.9 fb$^{-1}$ collected with the Belle detector at the $\Upsilon(4S)$ and nearby.

We find evidence for an enhancement with a 3.4$\sigma$ significance in the invariant mass of $D^+_sD^*_{s2}(2573)^- +c.c.$ The measured mass and width are $(4619.8^{+8.9}_{-8.0}({\rm stat.})\pm2.3({\rm syst.}))~{\rm MeV}/c^{2}$ and $(47.0^{+31.3}_{-14.8}({\rm stat.})\pm4.6({\rm syst.}))~{\rm MeV}$, respectively.

The mass, width, and quantum numbers of this enhancement are consistent with the charmonium-like state at 4626 MeV/$c^2$ recently reported by Belle in $e^+e^-\to D^+_sD_{s1}(2536)^-+c.c.$ The product of the $e^+e^-\to D^+_sD^*_{s2}(2573)^-+c.c.$ cross section and the branching fraction of $D^*_{s2}(2573)^-\to{\bar D}^0K^-$ is measured from $D^+_sD^*_{s2}(2573)^-$ threshold to 5.6 GeV.
In peripheral tissues, immune protection critically depends on the activity of tissue resident macrophages, which makes our understanding of the biology of these cells of great significance. Until recently, human macrophage studies were largely based on the analysis of monocyte-derived macrophages that differ from tissue resident macrophages by many characteristics. To model tissue resident macrophages, methods of generating macrophages from pluripotent stem cells have been developed. However, the immunological properties of macrophages derived from pluripotent stem cells remain under-investigated. In this study, we aimed to perform the multifarious immunological characteristics of macrophages generated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iMϕs), including an analysis of their phenotype, secretory and antibacterial activities, as well as their comparison with macrophages derived from blood monocytes and infected lung tissue. We report that iMϕs displayed the morphology and the CD11b+CD45+CD14+ phenotype typical for mononuclear phagocytes. The cells co-expressed markers known to be associated with classically (CD80, CD86, CCR5) and alternatively (CD163 and CD206) activated macrophages, with a bias toward a higher expression of the latter. iMϕs secreted pro-inflammatory (IL-6, CXCL8, CCL2, CCL4, CXCL1, CXCL10) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10, IL-1RA, CCL22) cytokines with a high IL-10/IL-12p70 index (>20). iMϕs were phagocytic and restricted Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth in vitro by >75%. iMϕs differed from blood monocytes/macrophages by a lower expression level of HLA-DR and the CD14+CD16int phenotype and shared several phenotypic characteristics with lung macrophages. In response to LPS, iMϕs up-regulated HLA-DR and produced TNF-α. IFN-γ increased iMϕ reactivity to LPS, but did not increase iMϕ mycobactericidal capacity. The results characterize iMϕs as differentiated but low-activated/low-polarized "naïve-like" macrophages that are capable of mounting inflammatory and antibacterial responses when exposed to inflammatory stimuli or pathogens. iMϕs represent a valuable model for studying antibacterial responses of tissue resident macrophages and for developing approaches to modulating macrophage activity.
Record high differential efficiency (53.2%) and full optical efficiency (48%) for a multimode diode-pumped Yb:KYW laser have been achieved.

The characteristics of the laser and methods for improving its efficiency using a distributed Bragg reflector tapered diode laser (DBR TDL) are discussed.
The approach is based on the solution of the classical kinetic equation for carriers with accounting for the quantum interband excitation.

We study the photogalvanic effect caused by a simultaneous action of circular-polarized interband and linearly-polarized intraband illuminations. It is found that, in such conditions, the steady photocurrent appears. The effect originates from the valley-selective pumping by the circular light, the trigonal asymmetry of the valleys together with the even asymmetry of the linearly-polarized light, that produces a polar in-plane asymmetry of the electron and hole distribution functions, leading to the photocurrent.
AP endonuclease 1 (APE1) is a crucial enzyme of the base excision repair pathway (BER) in human cells. APE1 recognizes apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites and makes a nick in the phosphodiester backbone 5' to them.

The conformational dynamics and presteady-state kinetics of wild-type APE1 and its active site mutant, Y171F-P173L-N174K, have been studied. To observe conformational transitions occurring in the APE1 molecule during the catalytic cycle, we detected intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence of the enzyme under single turnover conditions. DNA duplexes containing a natural AP site, its tetrahydrofuran analogue, or a 2'-deoxyguanosine residue in the same position were used as specific substrates or ligands. The stopped-flow experiments have revealed high flexibility of the APE1 molecule and the complexity of the catalytic process. The fluorescent traces indicate that wild-type APE1 undergoes at least four conformational transitions during the processing of abasic sites in DNA. In contrast, nonspecific interactions of APE1 with undamaged DNA can be described by a two-step kinetic scheme. Rate and equilibrium constants were extracted from the stopped-flow and fluorescence titration data for all substrates, ligands, and products.

A replacement of three residues at the enzymatic active site including the replacement of tyrosine 171 with phenylalanine in the enzyme active site resulted in a 2 x 10(4)-fold decrease in the reaction rate and reduced binding affinity. Our data indicate the important role of conformational changes in APE1 for substrate recognition and catalysis.
The sensing performance of a subwavelength one-dimensional linear rectangular gold grating platform with the attenuate total reflection (Otto) coupling technique for gas detection has been numerically studied in the THz range.

Grating parameters optimal for exciting surface plasmon resonances with maximum efficiency were found. Dispersion analysis of surface waves confirmed correctness of reflection spectrum simulations. The fundamental and 1st order modes of deep grooves demonstrated a very high sensitivity to a small refractive index change, up to 1.5 THz/RIU (in the frequency domain) and 557 deg/RIU (in the angular domain), with a refractive index detection limit of the sensor of 7 ·10-3 RIU and 1.5 ·10−7 RIU, respectively.

As compared with the fundamental modes, the high-order modes showed greater FOM values (up to 810 1/RIU for the 1st order) due to the sharpness of their resonances. These sensing characteristics are very promising for creating THz sensors based on subwavelength gratings.
It is shown that the rate of corrections to the hydrogen atom and harmonic oscillator energy levels due to the profound quantum gravitational effect of space–time dimension running/reduction coincides well with those obtained by means of minimum-length-deformed quantum mechanics.

The rate of corrections is pretty much the same within the accuracy with which we can judge the quantum gravitational corrections at all.

Such a convergence of results makes the concept of space–time dimension running more appreciable. As a remarkable distinction, the energy shift due to dimension reduction has the opposite sign as compared with the correction obtained by means of minimum-length-modified quantum mechanics. Therefore, the sign of total quantum gravitational correction remains somewhat obscure.
The publication contains materials from the three Late Bronze mounds. They are located in close proximity to the railway and highway, which affected the shape of the mounds and stone structures. Four graves were discovered in the excavation area of mound 2 at the Sagayskaya protoka 7 burial ground. Grave 1 with ceramic vessels and bronze items provided the greatest amount of finds: temple rings, two finger rings, small buttons that adorned the funeral costume as well as an awl and a whetstone. Next to the grave pit, a dog was buried. No human remains were found in graves 2 and 3, but there were grave goods similar to those found in grave 1. Two burial mounds were excavated at Askiz 17. In the center of the kerb of kurgan 2, a disturbed grave 1 was found. Judging by the available remains, it was a burial of an adult with offered meat food and a vessel. Clothes and headwear were decorated with a bronze plaque and buttons. Outside the kerb, there was a stone box in which an infant was buried (grave 2). The grave kit included a vessel, an astragalus of a sheep, a bronze knife and an ornament in the form of a small clasp. The barrow of mound 3 covered two kerbs. Grave 1 was located in the center of kerb 1, it was looted. At the northern wall of kerb 2, the grave was not disturbed. The deceased was accompanied by a vessel and meat food. The grave good kit contained bronze ornaments: a large plaque, 6 rings, 4 signet rings, a bracelet, and buttons. Both burial grounds are tentatively dated to the 10th -9th centuries BC, which corresponds to the III (Lugavskoe) stage of the Bronze Age in the periodization of archaeological cultures in the Minusinsk Basin.
Since 1980, in the post-smallpox vaccination era the human population has become increasingly susceptible compared to a generation ago to not only the variola (smallpox) virus, but also other zoonotic orthopoxviruses. The need for safer vaccines against orthopoxviruses is even greater now. The Lister vaccine strain (LIVP) of vaccinia virus was used as a parental virus for generating a recombinant 1421ABJCN clone defective in five virulence genes encoding hemagglutinin (A56R), the IFN--binding protein (B8R), thymidine kinase (J2R), the complement-binding protein (C3L), and the Bcl-2-like inhibitor of apoptosis (N1L). We found that disruption of these loci does not affect replication in mammalian cell cultures. The isogenic recombinant strain 1421ABJCN exhibits a reduced inflammatory response and attenuated neurovirulence relative to LIVP. Virus titers of 1421ABJCN were 3 lg lower versus the parent VACV LIVP when administered by the intracerebral route in new-born mice. In a subcutaneous mouse model, 1421ABJCN displayed levels of VACV-neutralizing antibodies comparable to those of LIVP and conferred protective immunity against lethal challenge by the ectromelia virus. The VACV mutant holds promise as a safe live vaccine strain for preventing smallpox and other orthopoxvirus infections.
We report on the reorientation dynamics of small spin probe 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-1-oxyl (TEMPO) in cis-1,4-poly(isoprene) (cis-1,4-PIP10k) from electron spin resonance (ESR) and the free volume of cis-1,4-PIP10k from positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) in relation to the high-frequency relaxations of cis-1,4-PIP10k using light scattering (LS) as well as to the slow and fast processes from broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) and neutron scattering (NS).

The hyperfine coupling constant, 2Azz′(T), and the correlation times, τc(T), of cis-1,4-PIP10k/TEMPO system as a function of temperature exhibit several regions of the distinct spin probe TEMPO dynamics over a wide temperature range from 100 K up to 350 K.

The characteristic ESR temperatures of changes in the spin probe dynamics in cis-1,4-PIP10k/TEMPO system are closely related to the characteristic PALS ones reflecting changes in the free volume expansion from PALS measurement. Finally, the time scales of the slow and fast dynamics of TEMPO in cis-1,4-PIP10k are compared with all of the six known slow and fast relaxation modes from BDS, LS and NS techniques with the aim to discuss the controlling factors of the spin probe reorientation mobility in polymer, oligomer and small molecular organic glass-formers.
C-banding patterns in Japanese grasshoppers belonging to the subfamily Podisminae : Podisma sapporensis Shiraki (2n _??_=23, NF=23), Parapodisma subastris Huang, Parapodisma tenryuensis Kobayashi, Parapodisma yamato Tominaga et Storozhenko, Parapodisma mikado (I. Bolivar), Fruhstorferiola okinawaensis (Shiraki) (2n _??_=21, NF =21), and Sinopodisma punctata Mistshenko (2n _??_ = 21, all chromosomes are two-armed) were studied. Cytogenetic similarities and differences between particular species are discussed using the C-banding method.
Рассмотрено влияние топологических размеров матрицы переключаемых конденсаторов на погрешность дифференциальной нелинейности АЦП последовательного приближения в составе многоканальных микросхем и систем на кристалле.

Даны рекомендации, позволяющие оптимизировать номиналы единичных конденсаторов емкостной матрицы и оценить размеры блока АЦП на ранних стадиях
We report on the experimental search for the bound state of an η meson and He3 nucleus performed using the WASA-at-COSY detector setup.

In order to search for the η-mesic nucleus decay, the pd→3He2γ and pd→3He6γ channels have been analysed. These reactions manifest the direct decay of the η meson bound in a He3 nucleus. This non-mesonic decay channel has been considered for the first time.

When taking into account only statistical errors, the obtained excitation functions reveal a slight indication for a possible bound state signal corresponding to a 3He-η nucleus width Γ above 20 MeV and binding energy Bs between 0 and 15 MeV. However, the determined cross sections are consistent with zero in the range of the systematic uncertainty. Therefore, as final result we estimate only the upper limit for the cross section of the η-mesic He3 nucleus formation followed by the η meson decay which varies between 2 nb and 15 nb depending on possible bound state parameters.
Macrobicyclic iron(II) tris-dioximate with two inherent amino groups undergoes electrophilic addition with 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione and phenanthrene-9,10-dione to give a cage complexes with extended ribbed substituents.These clathrochelates have been characterized using single crystal XRD, multinuclear NMR and other spectral techniques.They have been found to undergo the ligand-centered redox processes; the obtained phenanthrolinecontaining iron(II) cage complex is proposed as a potent chelating clathrochelate ligand.
The Project aims at developing a geophysical observation system on drifting ice floes with the purpose of studying the lithosphere structure in the Arctic Regions. Exploration of the Arctic region is actual task that affects political and economic interests of several country. The knowledge of the lithosphere deep structure beneath the Arctic Ocean is necessary to reconstruct the stages of the regional geological evolution, which, in turn, provides important information for exploration of new mineral deposits and to understand their origin. Although the Arctic attracts much attention, the scientific investigations there advance quite slowly. The harsh climatic conditions and large expenses slow down realization of the fieldwork in high latitude areas. Therefore, scientists from over the world looks for new technologies, which could optimize and reduce the costs of the fieldworks that aimed at investigation of the geological structure beneath the Arctic Ocean. The main task of the Project is to develop the methodology of long-term multidisciplinary geophysical observations that are meant to study structure of the crust and offshore seismicity in the Polar Regions. To this proposes, the observation systems have to be adopted to the conditions of the deep sea covered by paleocrystic floes and should take into account drift of the ice floes. In the framework of the Project, the prototypes of such observation systems will be developed and tested in the natural conditions on ice of the Arctic Ocean and in other water reservoirs. Here, instead of standard methods, we propose performing complicated, but more efficient experiments with deployment of various geophysical equipment of the ice floes. The drift of the ice floes will provide the movement of the instruments above study area and thus will improve data coverage. The observation systems of the passive seismological and magnetotelluric sounding methods supplemented by the electromagnetic sounding method with innovative controlled source will be designed for installation on top of the drifted ice floes. The practical implementation of this set of the methods will be significantly less expensive than currently used technologies of active seismic survey, for example.
Results of theoretical researches of the saturated absorption resonance shape in a method of the probing field on V-type of transitions are represented.

It is shown that in case of opposite circulary polarized optical fields the resonance is shown in the form of cross, and its form strongly depends on relaxation constants of levels and it can be represented as in the form of a dip, and absorption peak. Thus the peak form has exclusively coherent character. Atomic transitions are offered, on which observation of the given effect is possible.
The paramagnetic cuboidal clusters [Mo3(GaBr)(μ3-S)4(diphos)3Br3] (diphos = dppe, dmpe) were synthesized by the reduction of triangular clusters [Mo3S4(diphos)3Br3]Br with elemental Ga.
contrary to other bird species and most other animals, all examined songbird lineages contain a different number of chromosomes in the somatic and germline genomes

examined songbird lineages, discovered germ cells have an additional germline-restricted chromosome (GRC), GRCs contain highly duplicated genetic material represented by repetitive elements and sequences homologous to unique regions of the somatic genome

GRC was formed as an additional parasitic microchromosome in the songbird ancestor about 35 million years ago and subsequently underwent significant changes in size and genetic content, becoming an important component of the germline genome