Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
The eleventh international annual scientific school-conference "Theory and numerical methods for solving inverse and ill-posed problems" will be held in August 26-September 4, 2019.It will be organized by Novosibirsk State University and Institute of Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Geophysics of the SB RAS.The first ten school-conferences, held from 2009 to 2018, showed the relevance and scientific significance of the chosen subject.Over the past years, researchers, graduate students and undergraduates from Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, as well as from China, USA, Germany, France, Italy, Japan, UK, Brazil, Malaysia took part in the school-conferences.For ten years, representatives of 78 universities, 134 research institutes and more than twenty companies (Total, Baker-Hughes, Schlumberger, Rosneft and others) participated actively at school-conferences.The scientific program of the school-conference usually consists of theory of inverse and ill-posed problems and regularization methods; numerical methods for solving inverse problems of acoustics, electrodynamics, geophysics, tomography, medicine, biology, finance and social processes.Several new sections are planned to be included to the program: high performance and parallel computing in intellectual big data analysis, machine learning and artificial intelligence, visualization, natureinspired algorithms.The importance of the conference topics is due to the active development of the theory and numerical methods for solving inverse and ill-posed problems and their applications.According to data for 2018, more than 10,000 articles of this area have been added to Scopus over the past three years.The use of modern achievements of fundamental mathematics (algebra, geometry, functional analysis, mathematical physics, computational mathematics), interdisciplinarity and diversity of applications is a characteristic feature of the theory and numerical methods for solving inverse problems. What are the inverse and ill-posed problems?First publications on the inverse and ill-posed problems appeared in the first half of the 20th century.These were investigations of physicists (inverse problems of quantum scattering theory, electrodynamics, and acoustics), geophysicists (inverse problems of electrical survey, seismics, and potential theory), astronomy, and other fields of natural science.With the appearance of powerful computers, the application area of
The scent of receptive females as a signal to reproduction stimulates male mice to olfactory search of a potential breeding partner. This searching behavior is coupled with infection risk due to bacterial contamination of the fecal and urine scent marks. We hypothesized that sniffing of female soiled bedding induced the migration of immuno‐competent cells into airways as a possible adaptation to breeding‐related infection. Using bronchoalveolar lavage in a study on mice, we found the number of leukocytes to be significantly higher in male mice that were provided new portions of soiled bedding daily from female cages, in comparison with male mice that were kept in isolation from female scent. The number of leukocytes in blood was equal in both groups. However, monocytes were fewer in number in male mice exposed to female scent than in male mice isolated from female mice. Scent‐induced migration of leukocytes was accompanied by typical behavioral (increased sniffing activity and aggressiveness) and morphological (increase preputial glands and seminal vesicles) responses to olfactory sexual stimulus.
Microalgae exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory effects.

In this study, we analyzed the toxicity of lipid fraction of different taxa of microalgae in female C57BL/6 mice. The number of red blood cells, white blood cells and subsets, hemoglobin, number, and functional activities of immature and mature immunocytes, biochemical parameters in blood serum, and kidney and liver extract were investigated.

It is shown that the lipid fraction of microalgae had no acute toxic effect on body weight, glucose blood levels, and hemopoiesis in mice. Some changes in the number of immature and mature lymphocytes, proliferative potential, Ig levels, cytokine production were determined. In vivo lipid fraction of microalgae caused changes in cytokine, protein, lipid, purine, aminotransferases, and sex hormone level in mice. Obtained data indicate that lipid fraction dietary administration in female C57BL/6 mice does not have a toxic effect on the animal.
The paper presents the analysis of the results of the Chinese higher education system reforming in the late 20th and early 21st century, shows the dynamics of the number of higher education institutions, the number of students and graduates. The structure of graduates in educational fields from 1995 to 2016 has been analyzed. The paper also presents the dynamics of funding of the China’s universities according to official statistics of China. The national educational reforms led to a rapid growth of the number of the universities and the number of students. Higher education has turned from the elite phenomenon to a mass one. Gross enrolment ratio in tertiary education had been increased in 9,5 times (from 1995 to 2016) and reached 42,7% in 2016. Now the Chinese government provides an extensive support to the students studying at foreign universities. It is worth mentioning that the percentage of students who had returned to China after studying abroad has been increased in three times from 28% in 1995 to 79% in 2016. The structure of graduates (according to educational fields) correlates with the needs of the growing Chinese economy: 34% of graduates have engineering professions. The largest rise of the number of graduates has been observed in economics and managerial specialties, as well as in pedagogy. The main contemporary result of the recent reforms is an international recognition of Chinese universities and a presence of the best of them in the top 100 of word university rankings.
An important problem of oil well diagnostics is to quickly determine changes in the amount of liquid entering the well (flow rate), and the ratio of the amount of water to the amount of liquid (water cut).

To calculate these parameters, thermodynamic measurements (temperature, pressure) can be used at the wellhead and downhole of the well, as well as garlands at the wellhead of sensors 10-20 meters long, with a frequency of 1 meter, for more information. The article presents a comparative analysis of algorithms for determining these parameters based on the solution of the inverse problem.

The results of numerical calculations are presented.
Steroid sapogenin diosgenin is of significant interest due to its biological activity and synthetic application. A consecutive one-pot reaction of diosgenin, oxalyl chloride, arylacetylenes, and phenylhydrazine give rise to steroidal 1,3,5-trisubstituted pyrazoles (isolated yield 46-60%) when the Stephens-Castro reaction and heterocyclization steps were carried out by heating in benzene. When the cyclization step of alkyndione with phenylhydrazine was performed in 2-methoxyethanol at room temperature, steroidal α,β-alkynyl (E)- and (Z)-hydrazones were isolated along with 1,3,5-trisubstituted pyrazole and the isomeric 2,3,5-trisubstituted pyrazole. The consecutive reaction of diosgenin, oxalyl chloride, phenylacetylene and benzoic acid hydrazides efficiently forms steroidal 1-benzoyl-5-hydroxy-3-phenylpyrazolines. The structure of new compounds was unambiguously corroborated by comprehensive NMR spectroscopy, mass-spectrometry, and X-ray structure analyses. Performing the heterocyclization step of ynedione with hydrazine monohydrate in 2-methoxyethanol allowed the synthesis of 5-phenyl substituted steroidal pyrazole, which was found to exhibit high anti-inflammatory activity, comparable to that of diclofenac sodium, a commercial pain reliever. It was shown by molecular docking that the new derivatives are incorporated into the binding site of the protein Keap1 Kelch-domain by their alkynylhydrazone or pyrazole substituent with the formation of more non-covalent bonds and have higher affinity than the initial spirostene core.
The paper is devoted to an experimental and theoretical study of effect of small angle of attack on disturbances evolution and laminar-turbulent transition in a supersonic boundary layer on swept wing at Mach number M=2.

The experiments are conducted at the low nose supersonic wind tunnel T-325 of ITAM. Model is a symmetrical wing with a 45° sweep angle, a 3 percent-thick circular-arc airfoil. The transition location is determined using a hot-wire anemometer. Calculations on the effect of small angles of attack on the development of perturbations are made in the framework of the linear theory of stability.

Confirmed monotonous growth of the transition Reynolds numbers with increasing of angle of attack from -2° to 2.5°. The experimental data on the influence of the angle of attack on the disturbances evolution in the supersonic boundary layer on the swept wing model are obtained. A good qualitative correspondence of theoretical and experimental data are obtained.
Below is data on the microbial diversity in bottom sediments and microbial mats in water bodies within the Kurai Mercury Province (Ulagan District, Aktash village, Gorny Altai). A database on the geochemical features of water bodies in the study area is presented.

Data was obtained using 16 s rRNA amplicon directed metagenomic sequencing on Illumina MiSeq.

The raw sequence data used for analysis is available in NCBI under the Sequence Read Archive (SRA) with BioProject No. PRJNA670076 and SRA accession numbers SRX9316205, SRX9316207, SRX9316208, SRX9316209.
Using the shadow photography (SP) method and the interferometric method (IPI), a two-phase gas-droplet flow was experimentally investigated when the spent transmission oil was sprayed by a jet of superheated steam. In a wide range of operating parameters, data on the dispersed composition of the steam-fuel jet have been obtained. The dependences of droplet sizes in the flow on the studied regime parameters have been established.
Formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase (Fpg) removes abundant pre-mutagenic 8-oxoguanine (oxoG) bases from DNA through nucleophilic attack of its N-terminal proline at C1' of the damaged nucleotide. Since oxoG efficiently pairs with both C and A, Fpg must excise oxoG from pairs with C but not with A, otherwise a mutation occurs. The crystal structures of several Fpg-DNA complexes have been solved, yet no structure with A opposite the lesion is available.Here we use molecular dynamic simulation to model interactions in the pre-catalytic complex of Lactococcus lactis Fpg with DNA containing oxoG opposite C or A, the latter in either syn or anti conformation. The catalytic dyad, Pro1-Glu2, was modeled in all four possible protonation states. Only one transition was observed in the experimental reaction rate pH dependence plots, and Glu2 kept the same set of interactions regardless of its protonation state, suggesting that it does not limit the reaction rate. The adenine base opposite oxoG was highly distorting for the adjacent nucleotides: in the more stable syn models it formed non-canonical bonds with out-of-register nucleotides in both the damaged and the complementary strand, whereas in the anti models the adenine either formed non-canonical bonds or was expelled into the major groove. The side chains of Arg109 and Phe111 that Fpg inserts into DNA to maintain its kinked conformation tended to withdraw from their positions if A was opposite to the lesion. The region showing the largest differences in the dynamics between oxoG:C and oxoG:A substrates was unexpectedly remote from the active site, located near the linker joining the two domains of Fpg. This region was also highly conserved among 124 analyzed Fpg sequences. Three sites trapping water molecules through multiple bonds were identified on the protein-DNA interface, apparently helping to maintain enzyme-induced DNA distortion and participating in oxoG recognition.Overall, the discrimination against A opposite to the lesion seems to be due to incorrect DNA distortion around the lesion-containing base pair and, possibly, to gross movement of protein domains connected by the linker.
It is shown that in recent years there have been negative trends in border trade, leading to its reduction.

Therefore, Russian regions bordering with China should transform into separate objects of regional policy, while also forming a legislative framework for border interaction in all its main spheres: trade, humanitarian cooperation, science and education, and others. In border cooperation with China, special emphasis should be placed on cooperation in the innovation sphere, as well as on improving the quality of exported goods and services and promoting infrastructure projects.

Border trade between the regions of Russia and China is built mainly on trade and export of labour resources from China to Russia, as well as China's receipt of additional sales channels for the confidently growing sales markets for consumer goods and sources of raw materials and primary products. The interaction of Russian regions with neighbouring provinces on the border with China not only preserves the raw material orientation of these regions, but also hinders the development and strengthening of the manufacturing industry in the structure of their regional economies, since border interaction for Russian regions immobilizes those stages of value-added production observed in the very first stages. In general, for the Chinese provinces there is a similar problem associated with such exports to border regions that have common borders with Russia, which does not contribute to the diversification and structural development of the regional economies of the Chinese provinces. That is why building an effective mechanism for border interaction between Russia and China is a strategically important issue for both countries.
The dual role of the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) as both a xenosensor and a regulator of endogenous energy metabolism (lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis) has recently gained acceptance.

Here, we investigated the effects of 4-[(4R,6R)-4,6-diphenyl-1,3-dioxan-2-yl]-N,N-dimethylaniline (transpDMA), an effective CAR activator, on the gluconeogenic genes phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) in rat livers.The effects of transpDMA were investigated in normal and high-fat diet-fed Wistar rats using real-time PCR, Western blotting, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays (ChIP), glucose tolerance test and insulin tolerance test.

The expression of the gluconeogenic enzymes PEPCK and G6Pase was repressed by transpDMA treatment under fasting conditions. Long-term CAR activation by transpDMA significantly reduced fasting blood glucose levels and improved glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity in high-fat diet-fed rats. The metabolic benefits of CAR activation by transpDMA may have resulted from the inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenic genes. ChIP assays demonstrated that transpDMA prevented the binding of forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) to insulin response sequences in the PEPCK and G6Pase gene promoters in rat livers. Moreover, transpDMA-activated CAR inhibited hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α (HNF4α) transactivation by competing with HNF4α for binding to the specific binding element (DR1-site) in the gluconeogenic gene promoters.Our results provide evidence to support the conclusion that transpDMA inhibits the gluconeogenic genes PEPCK and G6Pase through suppression of HNF4α and FOXO1 transcriptional activity.
Using a sample of $771.6\times10^{6}$ $\Upsilon(4S)$ decays collected by the Belle experiment at the KEKB $e^{+}e^{-}$ collider

we observe, for the first time, the transition $\Upsilon(4S)\rightarrow\eta h_{b}(1P)$ with the branching fraction $\mathcal{B}[\Upsilon(4S)\rightarrow\eta h_{b}(1P)]=(2.18\pm0.11\pm0.18)\times10^{-3}$ and we measure the $h_{b}(1P)$ mass $M_{h_{b}(1P)}=(9899.3\pm0.4\pm1.0)\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}/c^{2}$, corresponding to the hyperfine (HF) splitting $\Delta M_{\mathrm{HF}}(1P)=(0.6\pm0.4\pm1.0)\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}/c^{2}$. Using the transition $h_{b}(1P)\rightarrow\gamma\eta_{b}(1S)$

we measure the $\eta_{b}(1S)$ mass $M_{\eta_{b}(1S)}=(9400.7\pm1.7\pm1.6)\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}/c^{2}$, corresponding to $\Delta M_{\mathrm{HF}}(1S)=(59.6\pm1.7\pm1.6)\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}/c^{2}$, the $\eta_{b}(1S)$ width $\Gamma_{\eta_{b}(1S)}=(8_{-5}^{+6}\pm5)\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}/c^{2}$ and the branching fraction $\mathcal{B}[h_{b}(1P)\rightarrow\gamma\eta_{b}(1S)]=(56\pm8\pm4)%$
A simple factorized form of high energy QCD amplitudes with gluon quantum numbers in the cross channels and negative signature is known to be violated in the next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic approximation (NNLLA).

The violation is explained by contributions of three-Reggeon cuts.

The contributions of the cuts to the elastic amplitudes and the consequent need to change the scheme of derivation of the BFKL equation in the NNLLA is discussed.
Recently Belle observed two charged bottomonium-like states, Z b (10610) and Z b (10650), that are produced in the ϒ(5S) → Z ± b π ∓ transitions and that decay to ϒ(nS)π ± (n = 1, 2, 3) and h b (mP)π ± (m = 1, 2) channels.

We review status and new results on Z b resonances, that include the observation of the Z b → B ( * ) B * decays and an evidence for the neutral member of the Z b isotriplet.

All properties of the Z b states are consistent with their molecular interpretation.
We present the results of geostructural, mineralogic–petrographic, geochemical, and U–Pb geochronological investigations of mafic, intermediate, and felsic igneous rocks from dikes in the Yana–Kolyma gold belt of the Verkhoyansk–Kolyma folded area (northeastern Asia). The dikes of the Vyun deposit and the Shumniy occurrence intruding Mesozoic terrigenous rocks of the Kular–Nera and Polousniy–Debin terranes were examined in detail. The dikes had diverse mineralogical and petrographic compositions including trachybasalts, andesites, trachyandesites, dacites, and granodiorites. The rocks showed significant similarities in distributions of REE, and their concentrations of most HFSEs were close to the intermediate ones between ocean islands basalts and enriched middle ocean ridge basalts. We propose that the subduction that was ongoing during the collision of the Kolyma–Omolon superterrane with Siberia led to melting in the asthenospheric wedge and in the lithosphere, which formed a mixed source for the dike systems from both an enriched and a depleted mantle source. The U–Pb SHRIMP-II dates obtained for the dikes corresponded to the Late Jurassic interval of 151–145 Ma. We present a geodynamic model for the northeastern margin of the Siberian Craton for the Tithonian age of the Late Jurassic.
We report measurements of the production cross sections of charged pions, kaons, and protons as a function of fractional energy, the event-shape variable called thrust, and the transverse momentum with respect to the thrust axis. These measurements access the transverse momenta created in the fragmentation process, which are of critical importance to the understanding of any transverse-momentum-dependent distribution and fragmentation functions. The low transverse-momentum part of the cross sections can be well described by Gaussians in transverse momentum as is generally assumed but the fractional-energy dependence is nontrivial and different hadron types have varying Gaussian widths. The width of these Gaussians decreases with thrust and shows an initially rising, then decreasing fractional-energy dependence. The widths for pions and kaons are comparable within uncertainties, while those for protons are significantly narrower. These single-hadron cross sections and Gaussian widths are obtained from a $558\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ data sample collected at the $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}(4S)$ resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collider.
Gene networks that provide the regulation of physiological processes are the basic feature of organisms. Information regarding the regulation of gene expression and signal transduction pathways is increasing rapidly. However, the information is hard to formalize and systematize. Ways and means for automated visualization of the gene networks based on their formalized description are needed.

The object-oriented database GeneNet and the software for its automated visualization have been developed. The main principles of a formalized description of the gene network have been worked out. Antiviral response and erythropoiesis are provided as examples to show how this is achieved. The GeneNet graphical user interface written in Java provides automated generation of the gene network diagrams and allows visualization and exploration of the GeneNet database through the Internet. A system of filters allows the selection of particular components of the network for visualization.

The GeneNet database and its graphical user interface are available at http://wwwmgs.bionet.nsc.ru/systems/MGL/GeneNet/
Hydraulic fracturing is a technology that is widely used in the development of oil and gas formations. Given that the fracture closure has a strong impact on production, quantifying the resulting fracture conductivity is critical for optimizing treatment design. The goal of this paper is to better understand the influence of the closing stress on the fracture conductivity when the proppant distribution is heterogeneous. In addition to the spatial proppant distribution, the conductivity of the propped fracture is affected by proppant deformation and embedment. Numerical results indicate that compressibility of proppant can significantly change the residual fracture aperture and, consequently, production performance in oil and gas reservoirs
Aim. To identify associations of mtDNA polymorphisms with sudden cardiac death. Materials and Methods. DNA was isolated from the cardiac tissue excised during the autopsy from individuals who died from sudden cardiac death (n = 260). The frequencies of the most common European mtDNA haplogroups (H, U, T and J) were determined using restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. In addition, we performed a comparative analysis using previously published data on mtDNA polymorphisms in the West Siberian population. Results. The distribution of mtDNA haplogroups in the patients who died from sudden cardiac death was similar as in the general population: 40% for haplogroup H, 23% for haplogroup U, 12% for haplogroup T and 6.5% for haplogroup J. We found no significant differences regarding the frequency of mtDNA haplogroups in individuals who died from sudden cardiac death and the population level. Conclusion. We discovered no associations of H, U, T, and J mtDNA haplogroups with sudden cardiac death. These results indicate the necessity of a detailed analysis of mitochondrial genome to determine mtDNA variants associated with sudden cardiac death.
Degenerative-dystrophic changes in the spine have general nature, which leads to changes in the balance parameters and consequently, other elements of the musculoskeletal systems.

This article is devoted to analysis of the literature data

based on which we conclude that changes in the sagittal balance in elderly and senile patients as the restabilization stage still remain unexpected.