Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
The diffusion of single-walled carbon nanotubes was studied experimentally and by the molecular dynamics method. The experiments used the dynamic light scattering method.

Distributions and average values of diffusion coefficients of molecules of surfactants and nanotubes in nanofluids based on water were obtained. The effect of centrifugation on the size distribution of nanotubes has been studied. The diffusion of one-dimensional and three-dimensional models of nanotubes in water has been studied by the molecular dynamics method. The velocity autocorrelation functions of nanotubes of different lengths have been calculated.

It was found that these distributions, even at low concentrations of nanotubes, can have two maxima corresponding to tubes of different sizes. The presence of a negative region of these functions for small nanotubes has been established. The dependencies of the diffusion coefficient on the length are determined for both models used.
Aim To evaluate the relationship between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and echocardiographic (EchoCG) indicators of heart failure (HF) among adult population of the North region of Russia.

Material and methods The Know Your Heart transversal study was performed in 2015–2017 on a random sample of adult population of Arkhangelsk aged 35–69 years (n=2381). The exclusion criterion for this study was a concentration of hsCRP >10 mg/l. The group of subclinical inflammation included 686 participants with hsCRP ≥2.0 mg/l; the comparison group consisted of 1158 participants with hsCRP <2.0 mg/l. Analysis included cardiometabolic risk factors, EchoCG indexes of left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic function and biomarkers (NT-proBNP, hsTroponin Т, cystatin С). Linear and logistic regressions were used.

Results The group with hsCRP ≥2.0 mg/l had higher rates of arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, HF, and myocardial infarction in history than the comparison group. The hsCRP level was independently associated with waist circumference (β=0.379, p <0.001), male gender (β=–0.135, p<0.001), smoking (β=0.109, p<0.001), triglycerides (β=0.083, p<0.001), diastolic blood pressure (β=0.082, p<0.001), cystatin C (β=0.082, p<0.001), glycated hemoglobin (β=0.064, p=0.003), and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) (β=0.049, p=0.025). Independent predictors of subclinical inflammation included older age, smoking, abdominal obesity, elevated values of LDL (>3.0 mmol/l), triglycerides (>1.7 mmol/l), and cystatin C (>1.2 mg/l). hsCRP was independently negatively associated with LV ejection fraction, left atrial volume index, ratio of early to late LV diastolic filling velocity (p=0.003, p=0.002, p=0.005, respectively), which reflected the relationship of the increased content of hsCRP with impairment of LV systolic and diastolic function. A relationship between heart remodeling indexes and hsCRP concentration was shown. Conclusion In a sample of adult population from the North region of Russia, the hsCRP concentration was independently associated with cardiometabolic risk factors and structural and functional changes in the heart detected by EchoCG, which reflects a potential contribution of inflammation to heart remodeling and development of HF.
We consider the optical fiber channel modelled by the nonlinear Shrödinger equation with additive white Gaussian noise.

Using Feynman path-integral approach for the model with small dispersion we find the first nonzero corrections to the conditional probability density function and the channel capacity estimations at large signal-to-noise ratio.

We demonstrate that the correction to the channel capacity in small dimensionless dispersion parameter is quadratic and positive therefore increasing the earlier calculated capacity for a nondispersive nonlinear optical fiber channel in the intermediate power region. Also for small dispersion case we find the analytical expressions for simple correlators of the output signals in our noisy channel.
One of the most effective methods for gene-based mapping employs functional data analysis, which smoothes data using standard basis functions. The full functional linear model includes a functional representation of genotypes and their effects, while the beta-smooth only model smoothes the genotype effects only. Benefits and limitations of the beta-smooth only model should be studied before using it in practice.

Here we analytically compare the full and beta-smooth only models under various scenarios.

We show that when the full model employs two sets of basis functions equal in type and number, genotypes smoothing is eliminated from the model and it becomes analytically equivalent to the beta-smooth only model. If the basis functions differ only in type, genotypes smoothing is also eliminated from the full model, but the type of basis functions used for smoothing genotype effects becomes redefined. This leads to misinterpretation of the results and may reduce statistical power. When basis functions differ in number, no analytical comparison of the full and beta-smooth only models is possible. However, we show that the numbers of basis functions set unequal can become equal during the analysis and the full model becomes disadvantageous.
The effect of strain generated by elastic loading on photoisomerization rate

Comparison of thermal strain effects versus elastic loading strain effects

Thermal strain effect on photoisomerization rate is qualitatively different from elastic loading strain effect
A quantum mechanical model of two interacting electrons in graphene is considered. We concentrate on the case of zero total momentum of the pair. We show that the dynamics of the system is very unusual. Both stationary and time-dependent problems are considered. It is shown that the complete set of the wave functions with definite energy includes the new functions, previously overlooked. The time evolution of the wave packet, corresponding to the scattering problem setup, leads to the appearance of the localized state at large time. The asymptotics of this state is found analytically. We obtain the lower bound of the life time of this state, which is connected with the breakdown of the continuous model on the lattice scale. The estimate of this bound gives one a hope to observe the localized states in the experiment.
Experiments were made in rotation spectra of HCN and HBr molecules using a Novosibirsk terahertz free electron laser (NovoFEL) as a source of optical pulses and ultra-fast Schottky diode as detector.

We present the first experimental study of the formation of 0-π pulses in the far infrared region. Transformation of the shape of 0-π pulses was explored within a wide range of optical density.

Throughout the range of experimental conditions, the observed pulse shape is well described by the analytical formula of Grisp (Phys. Rev. A 1 (1970) 1604). The observed effect can be used for time-domain measurements of the oscillator strength of the absorption line.
The search for lipid-lowering drugs is important for clinical medicine. This review summarizes our research findings regarding the hypolipidemic activity of polysaccharides. There are several validated agents altering lipid levels which reduce the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular events. Nonetheless, for many people, the risk of such an event remains unacceptably high despite treatment with these agents. This situation has prompted the search for new therapies to reduce the residual cardiovascular risk. The lipid-lowering effect of β-glucans consumed with food was demonstrated in patients with atherosclerosis. The mechanism of the protective effect of β-glucans is poorly studied. The effects of β-glucans are mediated by Toll-like receptors, by dectin-1, and possibly by other receptors. Nevertheless, the mechanism of the protective action of β-glucan in lipemic mice has been studied insufficiently. This review will present up-to-date information regarding experimental hypolipidemic polysaccharide compounds that hold promise for medicine. Phagocyte-specific chitotriosidase in humans contributes to innate immune responses against chitin-containing fungi. This enzyme has been first described in patients with Gaucher disease and serves as an important diagnostic biomarker. It has been reported that, in mice, chitin particles of certain size are recognized by macrophages through Toll-like receptors, dectin-1, and to a lesser extent through mannose receptor.
Results of simultaneous liquid velocity and film thickness fields measurements in the three dimensional waves are presented. The three dimensional waves formed as a result of decay of the forced two dimensional waves were studied. Liquid velocity fields were reconstructed at different distance from the film surface with reference to the specific area of the wave. It was shown that flow in the three dimensional wave has complicated structure with existence of areas with backflow and transverse flows of opposite directions. Main areas of transverse flows existence are lying under main humps of three dimensional waves.
Despite many studies, the impact of chromosome rearrangements on gene flow between chromosome races of the common shrew (Sorex araneus Linnaeus, 1758) remains unclear. Interracial hybrids form meiotic chromosome complexes that are associated with reduced fertility. Nevertheless comprehensive investigations of autosomal and mitochondrial markers revealed weak or no barrier to gene flow between chromosomally divergent populations. In a narrow zone of contact between the Novosibirsk and Tomsk races hybrids are produced with extraordinarily complex configurations at meiosis I. Microsatellite markers have not revealed any barrier to gene flow, but the phenotypic differentiation between races is greater than may be expected if gene flow was unrestricted. To explore this contradiction we analyzed the distribution of the Y chromosome SNP markers within this hybrid zone. The Y chromosome variants in combination with race specific autosome complements allow backcrosses to be distinguished and their proportion among individuals within the hybrid zone to be evaluated. The balanced ratio of the Y variants observed among the pure race individuals as well as backcrosses reveals no male mediated barrier to gene flow. The impact of reproductive unfitness of backcrosses on gene flow is discussed as a possible mechanism of the preservation of race-specific morphology within the hybrid zone.
conventional FOPAs

WDM numerical characterisation of crosstalk growth in cascaded Raman-Assisted Fibre Optical Parametric Amplifiers

cascade of ten RA-FOPAs results in ~13dB lower crosstalk than the equivalent cascade of conventional FOPAs
This paper studies the integration of regional goods markets in Russia over the period 2001–19, analysing the law of one price.

The analysis involves all pairs of country's regions, which provides a comprehensive spatial pattern of market integration. The region pairs are classified as belonging to one of four groups: perfectly integrated, conditionally integrated, not integrated but tending towards integration (converging), and neither integrated nor tending towards integration.

On average, a region is found to be perfectly and conditionally integrated with 48.7% of other regions and tending towards integration with 3.3% of them. Comparisons of the European and Asian parts of Russia and other considerations suggest that geographical reasons explain the pattern obtained only partially. Apparently, idiosyncratic features of regional markets play a main role in non-integration.
It is shown that the ALICE data on the K 0 S K + correlation in Pb-Pb interactions together with the data on the γγ → ηπ 0 and φ → ηπ 0 γ reactions could be simultaneously described when a 0 (980) has no constituent qq¯ component at all. Besides, the validity of the Gaussian assumption is kept.
We study new skein invariants of links based on a procedure where we first apply a given skein relation only to crossings of distinct components, so as to produce collections of unlinked knots. We then evaluate the resulting knots using the given invariant. A skein invariant can be computed on each link solely by the use of skein relations and a set of initial conditions. The new procedure, remarkably, leads to generalizations of the known skein invariants. We make skein invariants of classical links, [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], based on the invariants of knots, [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], denoting the regular isotopy version of the Homflypt polynomial, the Kauffman polynomial and the Dubrovnik polynomial. We provide skein theoretic proofs of the well-definedness of these invariants. These invariants are also reformulated into summations of the generating invariants ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]) on sublinks of a given link [Formula: see text], obtained by partitioning [Formula: see text] into collections of sublinks. These summations exhibit the tight and surprising relationship between our generalized skein-theoretic procedure and the structure of sublinks of a given link.
Light beam propagation through an anisotropic liquid crystal medium is numerically simulated.

The Maxwell equations are solved by the FDTD method on computational grids with up to 6 · 108 nodes. Propagation of the fundamental mode HE11 of the fiber-optical light guide through a layer of a nematic liquid crystal filling a transverse gap in the optical fiber and containing a disclination.

The behavior of the angular moment as a function of the layer thickness and disclination power is studied. System parameters that ensure the most effective generation of twisted light beams are found.
This paper tests and evaluates the algorithm for surface-consistent compensation of seismic amplitudes.

The algorithm is based on factorial decomposition and is implemented in matrix form. The matrix view links all seismic observations to accurately identify variations associated with discontinuities in the upper section. The algorithm was tested on synthetic data containing about 10.5 million observations.

Testing shows the possibility of applying the method to large amounts of data with high accuracy.
A full quantum treatment of coherent population trapping (CPT) is given for a system of resonantly coupled atoms and electromagnetic field. We develop a regular analytical method of the construction of generalized dark states (GDS). It turns out that GDS do exist for all optical transitions Fg → Fe, including bright transitions F → F + 1 and F'' → F'' with F'' a half-integer, for which the CPT effect is absent in a classical field. We propose an idea to use an optically thick medium with a transition F'' → F'' with F'' ⩾ 3/2 a half-integer as a "quantum filter", which transmits only a quantum light with limited number of photons. Such a quantum filter can be used as a deterministic source of Fock's state of light.
A two-dimensional problem of a potential free-surface flow of an ideal incompressible fluid caused by a singular sink is considered. The sink is placed at the horizontal bottom of the channel. By employing a conformal map, the problem is equivalently rewritten in the unit circle. After that, it is investigated by the Levi — Civita technique with the extraction of the singular part of the flow that corresponds to the sink. We derive a Nekrasov type equation that describes exactly the form of the free boundary. This equation is studied at first numerically and then by an exact mathematical technique. It is shown that for the Froude number greater than some particular value, there exists a unique solution of the problem such that the free surface decreases monotonically when moving from the infinity to the sink. At the point over the sink, the free surface has a cusp.
The formation of the coherent vortical structures in the form of thin pancakes is studied for three-dimensional flows at the high Reynolds regime when, in the leading order, the development of such structures can be described within the 3D Euler equations for ideal incompressible fluids. Numerically and analytically on the base of the vortex line representation we show that compression of such structures and respectively increase of their amplitudes are possible due to the compressibility of the continuously distributed vortex lines. It is demonstrated that this growth can be considered as analog of breaking for the divergence-free vorticity field. At high amplitudes this process has a self-similar behavior connected the maximal vorticity and the pancake width by the Kolmogorov type relation ωmax ∝ l-2/3. The role of such structures in the Kolmogorov spectrum formation is also discussed.
Sufficient boron-10 isotope (10B) accumulation by tumor cells is one of the main requirements for successful boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). The inability of the clinically registered 10B-containing borophenylalanine (BPA) to maintain a high boron tumor concentration during neutron irradiation after a single injection has been partially solved by its continuous infusion; however, its lack of persistence has driven the development of new compounds that overcome the imperfections of BPA. We propose using elemental boron nanoparticles (eBNPs) synthesized by cascade ultrasonic dispersion and destruction of elemental boron microparticles and stabilized with hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) as a core component of a novel boron drug for BNCT. These HEC particles are stable in aqueous media and show no apparent influence on U251, U87, and T98G human glioma cell proliferation without neutron beam irradiation. In BNCT experiments, cells incubated with eBNPs or BPA at an equivalent concentration of 40 µg 10B/mL for 24 h or control cells without boron were irradiated at an accelerator-based neutron source with a total fluence of thermal and epithermal neutrons of 2.685, 5.370, or 8.055 × 1012/cm2. The eBNPs significantly reduced colony-forming capacity in all studied cells during BNCT compared to BPA, verified by cell-survival curves fit to the linear-quadratic model and calculated radiobiological parameters, though the effect of both compounds differed depending on the cell line. The results of our study warrant further tumor targeting-oriented modifications of synthesized nanoparticles and subsequent in vivo BNCT experiments.
Alloploidization resulting from remote (interspecific or intergeneric) hybridization is one of the main factors in plant evolution, leading to the formation of new species. Triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack, 1889) is the first artificial species created by crossing wheat (Triticum spp.) and rye (Secale cereale Linnaeus, 1753) and has a great potential as a grain and forage crop. Remote hybridization is a stress factor that causes a rapid reorganization of the parental genomes in hybrid progeny ("genomic shock") and is accompanied by abnormalities in the chromosome set of hybrids. The formation of the hybrid genome and its subsequent stabilization are directly related to the normalization of meiosis and the correct chromosome segregation.

The aim of this work was to cytogenetically characterize triticale (× Triticosecale rimpaui Wittmack, 1899, AABBDDRR) obtained by crossing Triticum aestivum Linnaeus, 1753. Triple Dirk D × Secale cereale L. Korotkostebel'naya 69 in F3-F6 generations of hybrids, and to trace the process of genetic stabilization of hybrid genomes. Also, a comparative analysis of the nucleotide sequences of the centromeric histone CENH3 genes was performed in wheat-rye allopolyploids of various ploidy as well as their parental forms.

In the hybrid genomes of octoploid triticale an increased expression of the rye CENH3 variants was detected. The octoploid triticale plants contain complete chromosome sets of the parental subgenomes maintaining the chromosome balance and meiotic stability. For three generations the percentage of aneuploids in the progeny of such plants has been gradually decreasing, and they maintain a complete set of the paternal rye chromosomes. However, the emergence of hexaploid and new aneuploid plants in F5 and F6 generations indicates that stabilization of the hybrid genome is not complete yet. This conclusion was confirmed by the analysis of morphological features in hybrid plants: the progeny of one plant having the whole chromosome sets of parental subgenomes showed significant morphological variations in awn length and spike density. Thus, we expect that the results of our karyotyping of octoploid triticales obtained by crossing hexaploid wheat to diploid rye supplemented by comparative analysis of CENH3 sequences will be applicable to targeted breeding of stable octo- and hexaploid hybrids.
The QCD/HQET matching coefficient for the heavy-quark field is calculated up to four loops. It must be finite; this requirement produces analytical results for some terms in the four-loop on-shell heavy-quark field renormalization constant which were previously only known numerically.

The effect of a nonzero lighter-flavor mass is calculated up to three loops. A class of on-shell integrals with two masses is analyzed in detail.

By specifying our result to QED, we obtain the relation between the electron field and the Bloch--Nordsieck field with four-loop accuracy.
High-pressure X-ray diffraction was first used to find and solve the structures of high-pressure polymorphs.

The challenge today is to find some universal laws and rules of high-pressure transformations

Katrusiak [Acta Cryst. (2019), B75, 918–926] suggests such possible laws and rules.
The Metropolis Monte Carlo (MMC) method is used to extract reaction kinetics from a given equilibrium distribution of states of a complex system. The approach is illustrated by the folding/unfolding reaction for two proteins: a model β-hairpin and α-helical protein α_{3}D. For the β-hairpin, the free energy surfaces (FESs) and free energy profiles (FEPs) are employed as the equilibrium distributions of states, playing a role of the potentials of mean force to determine the acceptance probabilities of new states in the MMC simulations.

Based on the FESs and PESs for a set of temperatures that were simulated with the molecular dynamics (MD) method, the MMC simulations are performed to extract folding/unfolding rates. For α_{3}D protein, whose equilibrium folding/unfolding was studied with the single-molecule FRET method [Chung et al., J. Phys. Chem. A 115, 3642 (2011)1089-563910.1021/jp1009669], the FRET-efficiency histograms at different denaturant concentrations were used as the equilibrium distributions of protein states.

It has been found that the rate constants and first-passage time (FPT) distributions obtained in the MMC simulations change with temperature in good agreement with those from the MD simulations. It has been found that the rate constants for folding and unfolding obtained in the MMC simulations change with denaturant concentration in reasonable agreement with the constants that were extracted from the photon trajectories on the basis of theoretical models. The simulated FPT distributions are single-exponential, which is consistent with the assumption of two-state kinetics that was made in the theoretical models. The promising feature of the present approach is that it is based solely on the equilibrium distributions of states, without introducing any additional parameters to perform simulations, which suggests its applicability to other complex systems.