Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
One of the most interesting unsolved problems in cognitive ethology studies is associated with the interaction of hereditarily determined behavioral patterns and the skills based on individual and social experience, and with the ability to apply the results of this interaction to new situations. Human intellect may be characterized by outstanding versatility. Representatives of different animal species exhibit extremely complex forms of cognitive activity, but within very narrow domains. Cognitive behavior is based on a set of features, which include species-specific filtering of stimuli, innate tendency to form certain associative links and prohibit the formation of other, genetically determined set of stereotypes, early experience. Speciesspecific limitations shape specialized cognitive development in different species, including humans.
Chromosomal races of the common shrew differ in sets of metacentric chromosomes and on contact may produce hybrids with extraordinarily complex configurations at meiosis I that are associated with reduced fertility. There is an expectation that these may be some of the most extreme tension zones available for study and therefore are of interest as potential sites for reproductive isolation.

Here, we analyse one of these zones, between the Novosibirsk race (characterized by metacentrics go , hn , ik , jl , mp and qr ) and the Tomsk race (metacentrics gk , hi , jl and mn and acrocentrics o , p , q and r ), which form hybrids with a chain‐of‐nine (CIX) and a chain‐of‐three (CIII) configuration at meiosis I. At the Novosibirsk–Tomsk hybrid zone, the CIX chromosomes form clines of 8.53 km standardized width on average, whereas the cline for the CIII chromosomes was 52.83 km wide. The difference in these cline widths fits with the difference in meiotic errors expected with the CIX and CIII configuration, and we produce estimates of selection against hybrids with these types of configurations, which we relate to dispersal and age of the hybrid zone.

The hybrid zone is located at the isocline at 200 m altitude above sea level; this relationship between the races and altitude is suggested at both coarse and fine scales. This indicates adaptive differences between the races that may in turn have been promoted by the chromosome differences. Thus, the extreme chromosomal divergence between the Novosibirsk and Tomsk may be associated with genic differentiation, but it is still striking that, despite the large chromosomal differences, reproductive isolation between the Novosibirsk and Tomsk races has not occurred.
We report on the examination of several approaches to simulate computationally the unstable regime of a model Kaplan turbine operating at off-design load. Numerical simulations complemented by laboratory experiments have been performed for a 60:1 scaled-down laboratory turbine model using two Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) models (linear eddy viscosity model (LEVM), and a Reynolds stress model (RSM), including realizable , k-ω SST, and LRR), detached eddy simulation model (DES), and large eddy simulation model (LES). Unlike the LEVM, the RSM, DES, and LES reproduced the mean velocity components and the intensities of their fluctuations and pressure pulsations well. The underperformance of the LEVM is attributed to the high eddy viscosity as a consequence of an excessive production of the turbulent kinetic energy due to the models' inability to account for the turbulent stress anisotropy and the stress-stain phase lag, both naturally accounted for by the RSM. This led to a much larger modelled and a smaller resolved turbulent kinetic energy compared to those in the RSM.
The purpose of this study was to assess the capability of recombinant angiogenin isolated from Pichia pastoris yeasts to stimulate regenerative processes in the dermis of experimental animals.Wistar rats were administered with recombinant angiogenin intracutaneously. Morphological examination of the skin and the assessment of the proliferative activity of the epidermal cells were carried out. Additionally, cytokine production by human whole blood cells exposed to angiogenin was analyzed ex vivo.Administration of angiogenin stimulates collagen fiber formation and angiogenesis. This stimulation is tightly associated with an increase in the number of fibroblasts, an increased numerical density of dermal blood vessels and an increased density of collagen fibers; also, it activates the proliferation of basal cells. Angiogenin induces the production of MCP, IL-8, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10, TGF-β, and VEGF by blood cells.The results obtained indicate a broad spectrum of actions of recombinant angiogenin during regenerative processes in the basal layer of the dermis.
Objective: to study the association of the polymorphic genotypes of rs4680 in the catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) gene with vital exhaustion (VE) in a 45–64-year-old population. Patients and methods. A representative sample of a 45–64-year-old population (781 men and 869 women) was surveyed within screening IV of the international Health, Alcohol and Psychological Factors in Eastern Europe (HAPIEE) program and the WHO MONICA-psychosocial program in 2003-2005. All the study participants filled out a VE scale of the WHO MONICA-psychosocial program. COMT Val158Met (rs4680) polymorphism was genotyped. Pearson' χ 2 test was used to test the statistical significance of differences between these groups. The statistical significance level was taken to be p≤0.05 in all types of analysis. Results and discussion. Heterozygous G/A polymorphism in the COMT gene was most common in both the general population (48.6%) and men (44.4%) and women (51.5%). In the general population, the A/A genotype was more common in individuals with a high VE (HVE) level; in women and men, it was detected in 13.3 and 30.8% of cases, respectively. The G/G genotype prevailed in individuals with moderate VE in both the general population (31.1%) and women (29.7%) and men (33.3%). Conclusion. In the general population, the A/A genotype was found to be more common in individuals with HVE (18.6%), in women (13.3) and in men (30.8%).
The theoretical and numerical study of the periodic regimes of free flowing liquid film is carried out.

As a result of the theoretical analysis, a simple three-harmonic model was obtained. The obtained model allowed demonstrating the basic mechanisms of the periodic flow regime. Calculations on the full model, the Nepomnyashchy equation and three harmonic models are performed.

The results of the numerical solutions of the Nepomnyashchy equation and new model qualitatively consistent with the results of the solution of the full model are presented.
Modern Japan is resolutely turning towards creating a full-fledged multicultural society. Becoming aware of the depopulation crisis, many municipalities are actively working to attract foreigners. In combination with other measures of the Japanese government, teaching Japanese to foreigners of all levels ensures mutual understanding. The concept of “Plain Japanese” (PJL) implies the use of a simplified language with limited vocabulary and a set of elementary grammar. “Plain Japanese” was created as a means of providing information to foreigners, firstly for emergency situations, and secondly for everyday life. The scope of application of “Plain Japanese” over the past 25 years has expanded considerably. The leading role in the study of “Plain Japanese” belongs to the research team of Professor Iori Isao from Hitotsubashi University (Pref. Tokyo). Prof. Iori believes that “Plain Japanese” can perform the following key functions: 1. “Plain Japanese” as a state guarantee of “compensatory education”. Children of foreigners who grew up in Japan should also be able to socialize unhindered. “Plain Japanese” is suitable for this purpose as well as possible. 2. “Plain Japanese” as a language of communication in regional communities. In order for “Plain Japanese” to successfully perform the role of an intermediary language, not only foreigners should speak and study it, but also the Japanese who work with foreigners. 3. “Plain Japanese” as the initial level of the Japanese language across all regions. These are schools and Japanese courses for foreigners. To teach the initial level of the Japanese language in a very short time, it is necessary to considerably cut down the grammatical and lexical minimum compared to, for example, the school course of the Japanese language. At present, digital technologies have been created for translating texts to the European Congregation Campaign, research groups are being conducted, and educational literature is being produced by initiative groups.
This article presents the results of study of an Early Bronze ivory figurine from Tourist-2, using 3D-scanning with various technical parameters.

The aim of the study was to test the new non-invasive methods of structured light 3D-scanning, with an accurate assessment of morphometric characteristics. In addition, use-wear analysis was employed to evaluate the previously unknown features relating to function.

As a result, the original appearance of the figurine, the manufacturing technique, and iconographic characteristics were reconstructed. A series of transverse sections and the evaluation of the center of mass, combined with previously known features, suggest that the figurine was a personal ornament sewn onto clothing. For comparison, two flat anthropomorphic sculptures (a buckle made of burl, and a shale figurine) from the same burial complex were analyzed. Longitudinal sections suggest that, despite morphological and technological differences and the fact that various raw materials had been used, the iconographic style of all items is one and the same.
The Neotropical genus Eigenmannia is a fish group with unknown species diversity where representatives possess a broad range of chromosomal sex determining systems namely XY/XX, X₁X₂Y/X₁X₁X₂X₂, ZZ/ZW as well as homomorphic sex chromosomes.

To test the homology of two heteromorphic XY sex chromosome systems present in two sympatric populations, reciprocal cross-species FISH experiments were performed using probes derived by microdissection of X and Y chromosomes present in analyzed specimens of Eigenmannia virescens and Eigenmannia sp.2, respectively.

While X and Y paint probes hybridized to species-specific sex chromosomes, in reciprocal cross-FISH both probes hybridized exclusively to autosomes. The result suggests multiple independent origins of the XY systems in the analyzed populations.
We describe a new intermediate complexity model (PlaSim-ESM-ICMMG-v.1.0) constructed by coupling the Planet Simulator [1-2] with ocean and sea-ice models.

We demonstrate the results of climate simulation using PlaSim-ICMMG-v.1.0 considering global fields of surface air temperature, precipitation, sea surface temperature, and ocean circulation, and make comparisons with the results obtained using the original PlaSim version.

PlaSim-ICMMG-v.1.0 reproduces the main features of the climate system reasonably well and demonstrates that it is useful for climate system modeling. Due to the rapid warming in the Arctic, there are major challenges associated with the mechanisms that regulate the dynamics of weather in the mid-latitudes. The new earth's system model of intermediate complexity PlaSim-ICMMG-v.1.0 can be used to deal with these challenges.
Many MRI contrast agents formed with the parahydrogen‐induced polarization (PHIP) technique exhibit biocompatible profiles. In the context of respiratory imaging with inhalable molecular contrast agents, the development of nonflammable contrast agents would nonetheless be highly beneficial for the biomedical translation of this sensitive, high‐throughput and affordable hyperpolarization technique. To this end, we assess the hydrogenation kinetics, the polarization levels and the lifetimes of PHIP hyperpolarized products (acids, ethers and esters) at various degrees of fluorine substitution. The results highlight important trends as a function of molecular structure that are instrumental for the design of new, safe contrast agents for in vivo imaging applications of the PHIP technique, with an emphasis on the highly volatile group of ethers used as inhalable anesthetics.
The current state of the Russian and foreign regulatory framework for off-label prescription of medicines is presented in the article. The existing problems of this specific drug therapy and possible solutions are described. Unfortunately, there are some gaps in the Russian legislation regarding the off-label medication use. Based on the clinical reality, in some cases, the “off-label” drugs prescription can be justified by the clinical condition of the patient, the lack of alternative approved drugs, and the availability of published scientific data that create the prerequisites for the effectiveness of this approach. When off-label drug prescribing as a forced measure, the doctor must provide a rationale for this prescription in the medical documentation, the conclusion of the consultation (with the participation of relevant specialists and the clinical pharmacologist) or the medical commission (with the participation of the administration representative), and the written informed consent of the patient or his legal representative. This information should be actively communicated to doctors in order to increase their legal literacy and prevent possible negative and legal consequences.
Radio detection of air showers produced by ultra-high energy cosmic rays is a cost-effective technique for the next generation of sparse arrays. The performance of this technique strongly depends on the environmental background, which has different constituents, namely anthropogenic radio frequency interference, synchrotron galactic radiation and others. These components have recognizable features, which can help for background suppression. A powerful method for handling this is the application of convolution neural networks with a specific architecture called autoencoder. By suppressing unwanted signatures, the autoencoder keeps the signal-like ones. We have successfully developed and trained an autoencoder, which is now applied to the data from Tunka-Rex. We show the procedures of the training and optimization of the network including benchmarks of different architectures. Using the autoencoder, we improved the standard analysis of Tunka-Rex in order to lower the threshold of the detection. This enables the reconstructing of sub-threshold events with energies lower than 0.1 EeV with satisfactory angular and energy resolutions.
基于包含772×10^6 BB̄事件的711 fb⁻¹数据样本，报告B→φφK衰变中的分支比和CP破坏不对称性测量。

数据在KEKB不对称能量e⁺e⁻对撞机的Belle探测器上记录，位于Υ(4S)共振处。测量B⁺→φφK⁺和B⁰→φφK⁰的分支比及CP破坏不对称性，分别在η_c阈值以下和η_c区域内。

B⁺→φφK⁺在η_c阈值以下的分支比为[3.43⁺⁰·⁴⁸₋₀·₄₆(stat)±0.22(syst)]×10⁻⁶，CP破坏不对称性为-0.02±0.11(stat)±0.01(syst)；B⁰→φφK⁰的分支比为[3.02⁺⁰·⁷⁵₋₀·₆₆(stat)±0.20(syst)]×10⁻⁶；B⁺→φφK⁺在η_c区域内的CP破坏不对称性为+0.12±0.12(stat)±0.01(syst)。
Asthma and hypertension are complex diseases coinciding more frequently than expected by chance. Unraveling the mechanisms of comorbidity of asthma and hypertension is necessary for choosing the most appropriate treatment plan for patients with this comorbidity. Since both diseases have a strong genetic component

in this article we aimed to find and study genes simultaneously associated with asthma and hypertension. We identified 330 shared genes and found that they form six modules on the interaction network. A strong overlap between genes associated with asthma and hypertension was found on the level of eQTL regulated genes and between targets of drugs relevant for asthma and hypertension.

This suggests that the phenomenon of comorbidity of asthma and hypertension may be explained by altered genetic regulation or result from drug side effects. In this work we also demonstrate that not only drug indications but also contraindications provide an important source of molecular evidence helpful to uncover disease mechanisms. These findings give a clue to the possible mechanisms of comorbidity and highlight the direction for future research.
Ag–CeO2 catalysts (20 mol % Ag) were synthesized using different techniques (co-precipitation, impregnation, and impregnation of pre-reduced ceria), characterized by XRD, N2 sorption, TEM, H2-TPR methods, and probed in room-temperature p-nitrophenol reduction into p-aminophenol in aqueous solution at atmospheric pressure. The catalyst preparation method was found to determine the textural characteristics, the oxidation state and distribution of silver and, hence, the catalytic activity in the p-nitrophenol reduction. The impregnation technique was the most favorable for the formation over the ceria surface of highly dispersed silver species that are active in the p-nitrophenol reduction (the first-order rate constant k = 0.656 min−1).
With the full data sample of $772 \times 10^6$ $B{\bar B}$ pairs recorded by the Belle detector at the KEKB electron-positron collider

the decay $\bar{B} \rightarrow D^* \tau^- \bar{\nu}_\tau$ is studied with the hadronic $\tau$ decays $\tau^- \rightarrow \pi^- \nu_\tau$ and $\tau^- \rightarrow \rho^- \nu_\tau$. The $\tau$ polarization $P_\tau(D^*)$ in two-body hadronic $\tau$ decays is measured, as well as the ratio of the branching fractions $R(D^{*}) = \mathcal{B}(\bar {B} \rightarrow D^* \tau^- \bar{\nu}_\tau) / \mathcal{B}(\bar{B} \rightarrow D^* \ell^- \bar{\nu}_\ell)$, where $\ell^-$ denotes an electron or a muon

Our results, $P_\tau(D^*) = -0.38 \pm 0.51 {\rm (stat)} ^{+0.21}_{-0.16} {\rm (syst)}$ and $R(D^*) = 0.270 \pm 0.035{\rm (stat)} ^{+0.028}_{-0.025}{\rm (syst)}$, are consistent with the theoretical predictions of the Standard Model. The polarization values of $P_\tau(D^*) > +0.5$ are excluded at the 90\% confidence level
Human genome sequencing has resulted in a great body of data, including a stunningly large number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with unknown phenotypic manifestations. Identification and comprehensive analysis of regulatory SNPs in human gene promoters will help quantify the effects of these SNPs on human health.

Based on our experimental and computer-aided study of SNPs in TATA boxes and the use of literature data, we have derived an equation for TBP/TATA equilibrium binding in three successive steps: TATA-binding protein (TBP) sliding along DNA due to their nonspecific affinity for each other ↔ recognition of the TATA box ↔ stabilization of the TBP/TATA complex. Using this equation, we have analyzed TATA boxes containing SNPs associated with human diseases and made in silico predictions of changes in TBP/TATA affinity. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA)-based experimental study performed under the most standardized conditions demonstrates that the experimentally measured values are highly correlated with the predicted values: the coefficient of linear correlation, r, was 0.822 at a significance level of α<10−7 for equilibrium KD values, (-ln KD), and 0.785 at a significance level of α<10−3 for changes in equilibrium KD (δ) due to SNPs in the TATA boxes ().

It has been demonstrated that the SNPs associated with increased risk of human diseases such as α-, β- and δ-thalassemia, myocardial infarction and thrombophlebitis, changes in immune response, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, lung cancer and hemophilia B Leyden cause 2–4-fold changes in TBP/TATA affinity in most cases. The results obtained strongly suggest that the TBP/TATA equilibrium binding equation derived can be used for analysis of TATA-box sequences and identification of SNPs with a potential of being functionally important.
The Gamma Factory (GF) is an ambitious proposal, currently explored within the CERN Physics Beyond Colliders program, for a source of photons with energies up to ≈400 MeV and photon fluxes (up to ≈10 17 photons s −1 ) exceeding those of the currently available gamma sources by orders of magnitude.

The high‐energy (secondary) photons are produced via resonant scattering of the primary laser photons by highly relativistic partially‐stripped ions circulating in the accelerator. The secondary photons are emitted in a narrow cone and the energy of the beam can be monochromatized, down to 10 −3 –10 −6 level, via collimation, at the expense of the photon flux.

This paper surveys the new opportunities that may be afforded by the GF in nuclear physics and related fields.
Using the cubic Ginzburg-Landau equation as an example, we demonstrate how the inverse scattering transform can be applied to characterize coherent structures in dissipative nonlinear systems. Using this approach one can reduce the number of the effective degrees of freedom in the system when the dynamic is dominated by the coherent structures, even if they are embedded in the dispersive waves and demonstrate unstable behavior.
Study of the levels of climatic comfort in localities of the rare species Calvatia gigantea from Agaricales of Basidiomycota is performed using multimodal ecoinformative approach with maximum entropy method. For numerically exact and correct assessment of the level of climate suitability, we propose recalculate the scale of probalility finding of a species into a new scale of climate suitability, with the next intervals: low suitable (1–3 points), ambivalent (4–6 points), and genuine suitable (7–9 points). Also there are two transit zones between these intervals. It has been astablished that local populations of the species in Altai territorial group differ significantly in levels of climatic comfort (3.2, 5.4, and 6.2 points). Local population near Sharangol in Khentei territorial cluster (Central Mongolia) gets 4.0 points of climate comfort, and local population in Khingan Mountains (Eastern Mongolia) gets 7.3 points, the best result in the set studied. The ecotypification of localities was carried out, according to which all the studied populations of C. gigantea are assigned to different ecotypes, since each studied locality is characterized by the unique climatic spectrum and the specific variable of the first rank.
In plasma wakefield accelerators, the wave excited in the plasma eventually breaks and leaves behind slowly changing fields and currents that perturb the ion density background.

We study this process numerically using the example of a Facility for Advanced aCcelerator Experimental Tests (FACET) experiment where the wave is excited by an electron bunch in the bubble regime in a radially bounded plasma.

Four physical effects underlie the dynamics of ions: (1) attraction of ions toward the axis by the fields of the driver and the wave, resulting in formation of a density peak, (2) generation of ion-acoustic solitons following the decay of the density peak, (3) positive plasma charging after wave breaking, leading to acceleration of some ions in the radial direction, and (4) plasma pinching by the current generated during the wave-breaking. The interplay of these effects results in the formation of various radial density profiles, which are difficult to produce in any other way.
A finite group G is called a DCI-group if every two isomorphic Cayley digraphs over G are Cayley isomorphic, i.e. their connection sets are conjugate by a group automorphism. We prove that the group C4×Cp2, where p is a prime, is a DCI-group if and only if p≠2.
The sensory contact model allows forming different psycho-pathological states (anxious depression, catalepsy, social withdrawal, pathological aggression, cognition disturbances, anhedonia, addictive states etc.) produced by repeated agonistic interactions in male mice

and investigating the therapeutic and preventive properties of any drug as well as its efficiency under simulated clinical conditions. This approach can be useful for a better understanding of the drugs' action in different stages of disease development in individuals.

It is suggested that this behavioral approach and pharmacological designs may be applied for the screening of novel psychotropic drugs.
A model for the development of dirofilaria larvae in blood-sucking mosquitoes was developed for the city population in Tomsk.

The main parameters of the model for the period 2009–2019 were determined.