Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Over the years influenza B virus (IBV) contribute annual disease and can lead to serious respiratory disease among humans. More attention should be paid to the mammalian adaptive processes of B viruses and development of vaccines against current influenza.

Because of preclinical trials of anti-influenza drugs are conducted mainly on mice, we developed adequate animal model using antigenically-relevant IBV strain for testing anti-influenza drugs and protective efficacy of flu vaccines. We serially passaged Victoria lineage (clade 1A) IBV 17 times in BALB/c mice. The adaptive amino acid substitutions were found in HA (T214I) and NA (D432N). By the electron microscopic examination, we showed spherical and elliptical shapes of IBV. Light microscopy showed that mouse-adapted B virus caused influenza pneumonia on day 6 post inoculation. We evaluated the illness pathogenicity, viral load and histopathological features of mouse-adapted IBV and estimated anti-influenza drugs and vaccine efficiency in vitro and in vivo.

Assessment of investigational anti-influenza drug oseltamivir ethoxisuccinate and flu vaccine Ultrix® revealed effectivity against our mouse-adapted influenza B virus.
Numerical models develop with development of computational technique, and this development can include either creation of new models, or modification, improvement of existing ones. Modifications can concern both mathematical part, for example, change of numerical schemes, parameterization of various physical processes, and technical part, for example, adaptation of algorithms for use on other computer systems or parallelization of algorithms.

The paper considers the issue of optimization of parallel computations for the ice and ocean model SibCIOM. Optimization consists in constructing a mesh partitioning for which the nodes are evenly distributed across the computational cores and the time spent on exchanges is minimal. The METIS package is used to implement such a mesh partitioning.

A conceptual description of the implementation of exchange processes for such partitioning is presented.
The large scale genome wide association studies (GWAS) have identified approximately 80 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) conferring susceptibility to type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, most of these loci have not been replicated in diverse populations and much genetic heterogeneity has been observed across ethnic groups. We tested 28 SNPs previously found to be associated with T2D by GWAS in a Mongolian sample of Northern China (497 diagnosed with T2D and 469 controls) for association with T2D and diabetes related quantitative traits. We replicated T2D association of 11 SNPs, namely, rs7578326 ( IRS1 ), rs1531343 ( HMGA2 ), rs8042680 ( PRC1 ), rs7578597 ( THADA ), rs1333051 ( CDKN2 ), rs6723108 ( TMEM163 ), rs163182 and rs2237897 ( KCNQ1 ), rs1387153 ( MTNR1B ), rs243021 ( BCL11A ), and rs10229583 ( PAX4 ) in our sample. Further, we showed that risk allele of the strongest T2D associated SNP in our sample, rs757832 ( IRS1 ), is associated with increased level of TG. We observed substantial difference of T2D risk allele frequency between the Mongolian sample and the 1000G Caucasian sample for a few SNPs, including rs6723108 ( TMEM163 ) whose risk allele reaches near fixation in the Mongolian sample. Further study of genetic architecture of these variants in susceptibility of T2D is needed to understand the role of these variants in heterogeneous populations.
Relevance. The spatial dimension of economic development is always in the focus of the political and research agenda. Regional disparities, along with different rates of the spread of the coronavirus pandemic and decentralization of restrictive measures, resulted in significant differences in Russian regions’ economic responses to the pandemic. The relevance of this study is determined by the need to investigate the reasons behind these regional discrepancies. Research objective. This study aims to analyze the economic consequences of the pandemic-related restrictions and the degree of the spatial heterogeneity of these effects in Russia. Data and methods. We rely on the Rosstat data to build the indicator of the level of economic activity in Russian regions in April-May 2020. We tested the hypothesis that developed regions, large cities and small businesses will suffer more, and considered the impact of the reduced demand in world markets. The significance of the factors was tested by using regression analysis. Results. The results of our analysis have shown that economic activity in the country decreased by almost 25% due to the lockdown measures, and in some regions, the decline in production output was more than twofold. The urban economy proved to be more resilient to the restrictive measures compared to the average business activity in the country. Due to its diversified structure, the urban system has a wider adaptive capacity and survived the first period of the lockdown with less losses. SMEs, due to their flexibility and entrepreneurial initiative, supported the economies of their regions. Larger and more developed regions, all other things being equal, suffered more from the pandemic. This influence, however, was offset by other factors, and the expected trend towards spatial convergence was not observed. Conclusions. While all the previous crises that Russia experienced in the post-Soviet period were accompanied by decreasing regional discrepancies, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the spatial differences, on the contrary, increased.
Three-dimensional modeling of air injection into a closed pipe region filled with liquid (water, liquid lead) is carried out at high pressure drops.

It is shown that in the three-dimensional calculation, the instability of the interphase surface in the form of ring waves of deformation on the upper surface of the projectile is significantly manifested.

When air is injected into water, the difference in the configuration of the interphase surface obtained in axisymmetric (two-dimensional) and three-dimensional calculations is insignificant. When injected into a liquid with a substantially higher density (liquid lead), this difference is especially pronounced in the compression phase of the gas projectile.
Objective: to study the prevalence of depression and anxiety and the pattern of sleep disorders in 45-69-year-old population with different levels of depression and anxiety in Russia (Siberia).

Patients and methods. A total of 4171 Novosibirsk dwellers were surveyed. Men and women were 42.4 and 57.6%, respectively. Depression and anxiety were assessed using the modified scales, such as Welsh's Depression (WD) and Bending's Anxiety (BA) Scales, the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, and the Jenkins Sleep Questionnaire (JSQ).

Results. Depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders are significantly common in the Russian/Siberian population aged 45–69 years. The frequency of high depression and anxiety levels were 20.4% (51.3% of the respondents had medium and high depression) and that of anxiety was 15.6% (61.8% of the respondents were found to have medium and high anxiety). The women were noted to have higher levels of depression (21.4%) and anxiety (17.8%) than the men (19 and 12.5%, respectively). No clear relationship was found between high depression levels and age. Apparently, the value of age after 45 years is reduced and the level of depression remains approximately the same in 45–69-year-olds. The study of the relationship between the level of anxiety and age established that it was absent in the older men aged 45–69 years and the women showed a U-distribution characterized by the maximum proportion of individuals with high and low anxiety levels in the 65–69-year age group. Impaired sleep quality and sleep duration were more common in women (24 and 62%) than in men (18 and 59%). There was a relationship between the high level of depression and the duration and quality of sleep: more than 40% of the respondents with high levels of depression had impaired sleep quality and 65% had impaired sleep duration. Conclusion. The high incidence of cardiovascular diseases in Siberia (Russia) is associated with the widespread of psychosocial risk factors, such as high anxiety and depression levels and sleep disorders. The survey has demonstrated that the population shows a high demand for preventing these conditions.
The first observation of the decay ${B}_{s}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\overline{D}}^{0}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ is reported. The analysis is based on a data sample, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $1.0\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of $pp$ collisions, collected with the LHCb detector.

The branching fraction relative to that of the topologically similar decay ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\overline{D}}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ is measured to be $\frac{\mathcal{B}({B}_{s}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\overline{D}}^{0}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+})}{\mathcal{B}({B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\overline{D}}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}})}=1.18\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05(\mathrm{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.12(\mathrm{syst})$.

In addition, the relative branching fraction of the decay ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\overline{D}}^{0}{K}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ is measured to be $\frac{\mathcal{B}({B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\overline{D}}^{0}{K}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}})}{\mathcal{B}({B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\overline{D}}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}})}=0.106\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.007(\mathrm{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.008(\mathrm{syst})$.
current lattice-based clocks (e.g., magnetic field shielding and light polarization)

We develop a method of spectroscopy that uses a weak static magnetic field to enable direct optical excitation of forbidden electric-dipole transitions. The simple experimental implementation of this method---a single clock laser combined with a dc magnetic field---relaxes stringent requirements

The power of this scheme is demonstrated using the important application of optical atomic clocks based on neutral atoms confined to an optical lattice. and could therefore expedite the realization of the extraordinary performance level predicted for these clocks. We estimate that a clock using alkaline-earth-like atoms such as Yb could achieve a fractional frequency uncertainty of well below for the metrologically preferred even isotopes.
Genomic diversity of anonymous regions across the genome, most probably including coding and noncoding amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs), was examined in 20 individuals of the blind mole–rat, Spalax galili, one of four allospecies of the Spalaxehrenbergi superspecies of blind subterranean mole–rats in Israel.

We compared 10 individuals from two nearby populations in Upper Galilee, separated by only a few dozen to hundreds of metres and living in two sharply contrasting ecologies: white chalk and rendzina soil with Sarcopterium spinosum and Majorana syriaca versus black volcanic basalt soil with Carlina hispanica-Psorelea bitominosa and Alhagi graecorum plant formations. The microsite tested ranged in an area of less than 10 000 m2. Out of 729 AFLP loci, 433 (59.4%) were polymorphic, with 211 soil unique alleles.

Genetic polymorphism was significantly higher on the ecologically more xeric and stressful chalky rendzina soil than on the neighbouring mesic basalt soil. This is a remarkable pattern for a mammal that can disperse each generation between tens to hundreds of metres. These results cannot be explained by migration (which causes homogenization) or by chance (which will exclude sharp genomic soil divergence). Natural selection is the only evolutionary adaptive force that can cause genetic divergence across the genome matching the sharp microscale ecological contrast.
Анализ экспрессии гена Q, контролирующего основные признаки, по которым человек вел отбор у пшениц (род Triticum L.) в процессе доместикации и селекции

показал, что формирование морфологии колоса возделываемых видов пшениц действительно зависит от уровня экспрессии этого гена

На основании результатов работы установлено, что кроме нарушения в позиции 329 Q белка на его функцию и морфологию колоса пшениц также оказывают влияние другие факторы и гены
In the field season of 2021, the studies at the Ust-Tartas-2 site were completed. They were based on geophysical monitoring; excavations were carried out using the method of continuous opening of the object area. In five years, 2250 sq. m have been unearthed. A sanctuary of the Early Neolithic Baraba culture had a system of pits, ditch, joint pits which among other things contained art objects, and pits intended for keeping and fermenting fish.

Seventy nine burials have been studied (seven of the Artyn culture of the Final Neolithic, two of the Ust-Tartas culture of the Early Metal Age, fifty seven of the Odino culture of the Early and Advanced Bronze Age, eight of the Krotovo culture of the Advanced Bronze Age, one of the Iron Age, and four of unidentified time). During the excavations of 2021, the cultural layer revealed pottery fragments, various artifacts made of stone, clay, and bone, and two metal tools. Several utility pits with animal and fish bones also contained fragments of pottery mostly belonging to the Pit-Comb historical and cultural community of the Early Metal Age, as well as pottery of the Bronze Age, and Late and Early Neolithic. Two burials (No. 78 and 79) have been investigated; their location indicated the Odinov culture as the time of their creation. In the northwestern part of excavations, an object (No. 21) consisting of three oppositely directed (to the south, west and north) elongated oval pits, connected at the bases by one pit, has been discovered. Fish bones were in the southern and western pits.

There are two interpretations of functional purpose of the object: 1) arched ditch bounding the Odinov part of the burial ground with a fish smokery cutting into it; 2) three-chamber fish smokery. A particularly significant find of the field season was a bone sculpture of elk’s head, which did not clearly belong to any specific complex. According to the predominance of the pit-comb pottery of the Early Bronze Age in the cultural horizon, the sculpture may be related to this period.
This problem has a wide range of technical applications, ranging from the simulation of emergency modes of liquid-metal nuclear reactor operation to the depressurization of underwater gas pipelines, the operation of ship equipment systems, etc.

The paper is devoted to numerical simulation of the regimes of pulse outflow of various gases (air and argon) into a vertical pipe, filled with a liquid of different density (water and Rose alloy), implemented in the OpenFoam package.

The satisfactory agreement of the results of numerical simulation with experimental data has been obtained.
The frequency was chosen to monitor the absorption line of the molecular gas CO in the local transparency window of the atmosphere.

In this paper, we propose a design of a narrow-band quasi-optical filter with a central frequency ν = 806 GHz (λ = 372 μm) suitable for the implementation of the undersampling technique in terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. The filter is designed as the Fabry-Perot etalon based on a polypropylene film with frequencyselective surfaces (FFS) on both sides consisting of square slots in a sprayed aluminum layer. Through numerical simulation of the transmission of the proposed structure, we defined that the optimum ratio of the width of the metal bridge a to the pitch g of the FSS lies in the vicinity of a/g = 0.5.

For g less than half of the operating wavelength λ, the FWHM of the filter is less than 4%, which is sufficient for the implementation of the undersampling method in terahertz time-domain spectroscopy.
Air quality monitoring systems differ in composition and accuracy of observations and their temporal and spatial coverage. A monitoring system’s performance can be assessed by evaluating the accuracy of the emission sources identified by its data. In the considered inverse modeling approach, a source identification problem is transformed to a quasi-linear operator equation with the sensitivity operator. The sensitivity operator is composed of the sensitivity functions evaluated on the adjoint ensemble members. The members correspond to the measurement data element aggregates. Such ensemble construction allows working in a unified way with heterogeneous measurement data in a single-operator equation. The quasi-linear structure of the resulting operator equation allows both solving and predicting solutions of the inverse problem. Numerical experiments for the Baikal region scenario were carried out to compare different types of inverse problem solution accuracy estimates. In the considered scenario, the projection to the orthogonal complement of the sensitivity operator’s kernel allowed predicting the source identification results with the best accuracy compared to the other estimate types. Our contribution is the development and testing of a sensitivity-operator-based set of tools for analyzing heterogeneous air quality monitoring systems. We propose them for assessing and optimizing observational systems and experiments.
The upper bounds for the large deviation probabilities of a critical Galton--Watson process are derived under various conditions on the offspring distribution.KeywordsGalton--Watson processmartingaleDoob inequalityCramèr's conditionChebyshev inequality
We report on the first observation of B̄0→D1(2430)0ω, B̄0→D1(2420)0ω and B̄0→D2*(2460)0ω decays and determination of their rates as well as the fractions of longitudinal polarizations of the ω for these decays. We also discuss improved measurements of the B→DD*s0(2317) branching fractions with a search for isospin partners of the D*s0(2317)+ state, Z0 and Z++. These measurements use a data sample containing 772 million BB̄ events collected at the ϒ(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e+e− collider.
Data are presented on detailed sampling of the surface and pore waters of soda Lake Doroninskoye (Eastern Transbaikalia, Russia). Particular attention has been paid to the possible REE precipitation species from both water types.

Thermodynamic modeling at 25 °C and 1 bar total pressure was performed with the 'HCh' code using a free-energy minimization algorithm. We modeled the heterophase 43-component system; both individual minerals and ideal solid solutions of the REE and numerous dissolved species were incorporated into the model. According to the calculations, redox conditions in the lake waters are established by the sulfur species.

The main result is that the surface water is slightly supersaturated with respect to CaCO3-REE (65%) and F-apatite-REE (35%) solid solutions, as well as bastnäsite Ce0,5La0,25Nd0,2Pr0,05CO3F. A trend of the HREE predominance in the solution during the process of early diagenesis has been confirmed. Nevertheless, the thermodynamic model does not entirely explain the REE fractionation in pore waters (pore solutions are enriched in the LREEs in situ but are drastically depleted according to the thermodynamic model). The results of this study suggest that further considerations about solid solutions should be taken into account to model and understand exact REE fractionation during water-rock interaction in salt lakes.
This monograph details recent achievements in turbulence theory, experiments and computations relevant to heat and mass transfer.

Containing over 90 papers presented at the International Syposium on Turbulence, Heat and Mass Transfer, held in Lisbon, Portugal in 1994, this book covers topics from turbulence structure to computation of complex flows.

It will serve as an invaluable reference for anyone conducting research in this important field.
This article describes an energy increase of the pulses generated from all-fiber Erbium master oscillator with a ring hybrid cavity.

The energy is significantly increased up to 3.5 nJ with a cavity lengthening with a stable highly chirped dissipative soliton (HCDS) generation regime.

Pump direction change leads to a generation of noise-like pulses with 5.5 nJ energy.
In the present paper, we study structural aspects of certain quotients of braid groups and virtual braid groups.

In particular, we construct and study linear representations B n → GL n ⁢ ( n - 1 ) / 2 ⁢ ( Z ⁢ [ t ± 1 ] ) B_{n}→GL_{n(n-1)/2}(Z[t^{±1}]) , VB n → GL n ⁢ ( n - 1 ) / 2 ⁢ ( Z ⁢ [ t ± 1 , t 1 ± 1 , t 2 ± 1 , … , t n - 1 ± 1 ] ) VB_{n}→GL_{n(n-1)/2}(Z[t^{±1},t_{1}^{±1},t_{2}^{±1},…,t_{n-1}^{±1}]) which are connected with the famous Lawrence–Bigelow–Krammer representation. It turns out that these representations induce faithful representations of the crystallographic groups B n / P n ′ B_{n}/P_{n}^{′} , VB n / VP n ′ VB_{n}/VP_{n}^{′} , respectively.

Using these representations we study certain properties of the groups B n / P n ′ B_{n}/P_{n}^{′} , VB n / VP n ′ VB_{n}/VP_{n}^{′} . Moreover, we construct new representations and decompositions of the universal braid groups UB n UB_{n} .
The differential diagnosis of cognitive impairments is of great importance in mental disorders detectable in general medical practice. Objective: to study whether Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination — Revised (ACE-R) may be used in these patients. Patients and methods. The study was conducted in two steps at somatic hospitals and city polyclinics. It enrolled 130patients (36 men and 94 women) with anxiety-depression spectrum disorders (ADSD), mild cognitive disorders (MCD) and a concurrence of these conditions. The authors used the following psychometric scales: the hospital anxiety and depression scale; the mini-mental state examination; the frontal assessment battery; ACE-R; ten words learning test. The psychometric characteristics of ACE-R and the possibilities of its use were estimated to detect MCD. The differences in the spectrum of cognitive impairments were analyzed in patients with different types of ADSD. Results. ACE-R is shown to be an effective neuropsychological tool for the primary diagnosis, detection, and evaluation of MCD in the general medical network. The results of ACE-R use indicate that the spectrum of cognitive impairments has substantial differences in patients with different types of non-psychotic disorders.