Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Random distributed feedback owing to the Rayleigh backscattering in the fiber enables narrowband generation

We demonstrate a high-efficiency random lasing in a 850 m span of a phosphosilicate fiber

The laser demonstrates unique generation efficiency. Near the generation threshold, more than 2 W of output power is generated from only 0.5 W of pump power excess over the generation threshold. At high pump power, the quantum conversion efficiency defined as a ratio of generated and pump photons at the laser output exceeds 100%. It is explained by the fact that every pump photon is converted into the Stokes photon far from the output fiber end, while the Stokes photons have lower attenuation than the pump photons.
Chronic musculoskeletal pain affects all aspects of human life. However, mechanisms of its genetic control remain poorly understood. Genetic studies of pain are complicated by the high complexity and heterogeneity of pain phenotypes.

Here, we apply principal component analysis to reduce phenotype heterogeneity of chronic musculoskeletal pain at four locations: the back, neck/shoulder, hip, and knee. Using matrices of genetic covariances, we constructed four genetically independent phenotypes (GIPs) with the leading GIP (GIP1) explaining 78.4% of the genetic variance of the analyzed conditions, and GIP2–4 explain progressively less. We identified and replicated five GIP1-associated loci and one GIP2-associated locus and prioritized the most likely causal genes.

For GIP1, we showed enrichment with multiple nervous system-related terms and genetic correlations with anthropometric, sociodemographic, psychiatric/personality traits and osteoarthritis. We suggest that GIP1 represents a biopsychological component of chronic musculoskeletal pain, related to physiological and psychological aspects and reflecting pain perception and processing.
Multimodal ecoinformation analysis as an modern computative approach to geospatial investigation of biodiversity structure is performed on maximum entropy method for local populations of Iris glaucescens -rare species of vascular plants that is included in Red Book of Novosibirsk Oblast.

The most informative environmental variables were ranged and examined in detail. According to obtained results, trio of the most important variables in the scale of 1/12 arc-degree (5.0 arc-minutes) global model, includes: 1) maximum average diurnal tempreature of surface air in the warmest period of an year (bio5) – 32.7%, annual mean temperature of surface air (bio1) – 11.2%, and maximum average diurnal tempreature of surface air in July (tmax7) – 9.0%. Three of the most important variables in the scale of 1/60 arc-degree (1.0 arc-minutes) regional model (Zone_18) are: maximum average diurnal tempreature of surface air in the warmest period of a year (bio5) -35.7%, maximum average diurnal tempreature of surface air in Juny (tmax6) – 23.1%, minimum average diurnal tempreature of surface air in October (tmin10) – 7,7%.

Therefore, climatic variables that influense on the amount of heat in the warmest period of a year, may be taken into account as factors, limiting population size of I. glaucescens.
We consider the six dimensional N=(1,0) hypermultiplet model coupled to an external field of the Abelian vector multiplet in harmonic superspace approach. Using the superfield proper-time technique we find the divergent part of the effective action and derive the complete finite induced low-energy superfield effective action. This effective action depends on external field and contains in bosonic sector all the powers of the constant Maxwell field strength. The obtained result can be treated as the 6D, N=(1,0) supersymmetric Heisenberg-Euler type effective action.
In this work, a terahertz sensor based on a cross dipole frequency selective surface is analyzed and experimentally tested.

The sensing structure is optimized for operation at the fundamental band-stop resonance near 0.7 THz and characterized under normal and oblique incidence. The sensing performance as a function of the incidence angle and the wave polarization is evaluated with good agreement between simulations and measurements.

It is shown that a figure of merit for the proposed sensor can be enhanced from 0.2 up to 0.6 due to switching from normal to oblique excitation, which yields the maximum performance for TM polarization at the incidence angle of 70°. The presented results demonstrate a wide angle operation regime in THz sensing that opens up an alternative approach in improving capabilities of sensing devices.
In SABRE experiments at a high magnetic field, the spin order of molecular hydrogen is not just the singlet order

but a combination of singlet and central triplet ones

Additional proton pulse in some cases increases enhancement more than 10-fold
Over the last few years, we have experienced a renaissance of nonlinear optics in multimode fibers, driven by both fundamental and applied research. Multimode optical fibers (MMFs) offer a natural environment for investigating multidimensional systems and their complex collective dynamics. Indeed, numerous new nonlinear effects have recently been observed including, for instance, Kerr beam self-cleaning, mode-locking by spatiotemporal filtering, or multimode parametric wave mixing, to name a few [1] .

On the other hand, from the application perspective, MMFs are expected to provide interesting novel solutions for high power delivery and increased transmission capacity. Significant work is now in progress to exploit the recently discovered dynamics, and improve the performances of different technologies such as laser endoscopy, nonlinear imaging, and fiber-based laser sources [2] , [3] .

In addition, the recent development of advanced measurement techniques, permitting to capture the full spatiotemporal nature of the multimode phenomena has also attracted a strong research interest [4] .
There are many methods that can be used to incorporate concepts of crystallography into the learning experiences of students, whether they are in elementary school, at university or part of the public at large. It is not always critical that those who teach crystallography have immediate access to diffraction equipment to be able to introduce the concepts of symmetry, packing or molecular structure in an age- and audience-appropriate manner.

Crystallography can be used as a tool for teaching general chemistry concepts as well as general research techniques without ever having a student determine a crystal structure. Thus, methods for younger students to perform crystal growth experiments of simple inorganic salts, organic compounds and even metals are presented. For settings where crystallographic instrumentation is accessible (proximally or remotely), students can be involved in all steps of the process, from crystal growth, to data collection, through structure solution and refinement, to final publication. Several approaches based on the presentations in the MS92 Microsymposium at the IUCr 23rd Congress and General Assembly are reported.

The topics cover methods for introducing crystallography to undergraduate students as part of a core chemistry curriculum; a successful short-course workshop intended to bootstrap researchers who rely on crystallography for their work; and efforts to bring crystallography to secondary school children and non-science majors. In addition to these workshops, demonstrations and long-format courses, open-format crystallographic databases and three-dimensional printed models as tools that can be used to excite target audiences and inspire them to pursue a deeper understanding of crystallography are described.
Aim . Analyse available literature data about the possibility of coronavirus infection with and the severity of the course of infection in various animal species in order to evaluate the significance of this possibility in the context of preservation of the well‐being of both wild and domestic animals. Discussion . SARS‐CoV‐2 is thought to have originated from bat CoV. The virus enters the cell by binding to the ACE2 receptor, the affinity for which differs depending on the animal species. Infected animals show viral RNA and may show clinical symptoms. It is known that the virus originated from some animals, while others may be carriers. Moreover, it can be that wild as well as domestic and farm animals are in close contact with humans. Therefore, it is advisable to conduct a study of the degree of threat to humans associated with the persistence of the virus in animal communities. Conclusion . There is ample literature on the possibility of infection in various animals. However, it is not enough to fully understand how significant is the role that animals can play in the spread of coronavirus infection among humans and how much harm it can bring to themselves.
Propagation of an extraordinary electromagnetic wave in the vicinity of electron cyclotron resonance surface in an open linear trap is studied analytically, taking into account inhomogeneity of the magnetic field in paraxial approximation. Ray trajectories are derived from a reduced dispersion equation that makes it possible to avoid the difficulty associated with a transition from large propagation angles to the case of strictly longitudinal propagation. Our approach is based on the theory, originally developed by Zvonkov and Timofeev [Sov. J. Plasma Phys. 14, 743 (1988)], who used the paraxial approximation for the magnetic field strength, but did not consider the slope of the magnetic field lines, which led to considerable error, as has been recently noted by Gospodchikov and Smolyakova [Plasma Phys. Rep. 37, 768–774 (2011)]. We have found ray trajectories in analytic form and demonstrated that the inhomogeneity of both the magnetic field strength and the field direction can qualitatively change the picture of wave propagation and significantly affect the efficiency of electron cyclotron heating of a plasma in a linear magnetic trap. Analysis of the ray trajectories has revealed a criterion for the resonance point on the axis of the trap to be an attractor for the ray trajectories. It is also shown that a family of ray trajectories can still reach the resonance point on the axis if the latter generally repels the ray trajectories. As an example, results of general theory are applied to the electron cyclotron resonance heating experiment which is under preparation on the gas dynamic trap in the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics [Shalashov et al., Phys. Plasmas 19, 052503 (2012)].
A series of new analogs of combretastatin A-4 (CA-4, 1) with the A or B-ring replaced by a 3-oxo-2,3-dihydrofurocoumarin or a furocoumarin residue have been designed and synthesized by employing a cross-coupling approach. All the compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity with respect to model cancer cell lines (CEM-13, MT-4, U-937) using conventional MTT assays. Structure-activity relationship analysis reveals that compounds 2, 3, 6–8 in which the (Z)-styryl substituent was connected to the 2-position of the 3-oxo-2,3-dihydrofurocoumarin core, demonstrated increased potency compared to 3-(Z)-styrylfurocoumarins 4, 5, 9–11. The methoxy-, hydroxyl- and formyl- substitution on the aromatic ring of the (Z)-styryl moiety seems to play an important role in this class of compounds. Compounds 2 and 3 showed the best potency against the CEM-13 cell lines, with CTD50 values ranging from 4.9 to 5.1 μM. In comparison with CA-4, all synthesized compounds presented moderate cytotoxic activity to the T-cellular human leucosis cells MT-4 and lymphoblastoid leukemia cells CEM-13, but most of them were active in the human monocyte cell lines U-937.
While we are familiar enough with the portraits proposed by the chroniclers of the crusaders and Muslims, the first generally being accompanied with praise and halos, the second "demonized," we know very little about the image of the Byzantines, though they were widely represented in the chronicles, because most of the armies chose to travel overland and had to go through Byzantium.

This paper is devoted to the problem of the image of the Byzantines in the chronicles of the First Crusade.

Research shows that the Byzantines are represented as Christians, but of an inferior rank to that of the crusaders who benefited from a special status: if conflicts between the two occur, the latter are always right and are assisted by God against the Byzantines.
The performance of catalytic membrane reactors (CMRs) depends on the specific details of interactions at different levels between catalytic and separation parts. A clear understanding of decisive factors affecting their operational parameters can be provided via mathematical simulations.

In the present paper, main results of numerical studies of ethanol steam reforming, followed by downstream hydrogen permeation through an asymmetric supported membrane, are reported. The membrane module consists of a thin selective layer supported on a substrate with graded porous structure. One-dimensional isothermal reaction–transport model for the CMR has been developed, and its validation has been carried out by using performance data from a lab-scale reactor with a disk-shaped membrane.

Simulations demonstrate the model’s capabilities to analyze local concentrations gradients, as required to provide accurate estimates of the relationship between structure–property–performance. It was shown that transport properties of multilayer asymmetric membranes are highly related to the structural properties of each single layer.
The paper considers the mechanisms of the development of large-scale instability in counter-current gas-liquid flow in complex channel systems of the structured packing, contributing to deterioration of the separation efficiency for a gas mixture.

The paper discusses the contribution of the gravity-induced convective flows and capillary-gravity flooding to the development of the maldistribution of the fluid velocity and concentration fields in the distillation columns filled with Koch 1Y and Mellapak 500Y structured packings.

The correlation for prediction of the gas and liquid capacity factors corresponding to the packing flooding is proposed based on the experimental data.
The concept of permanent-magnet variable-period undulator (VPU) was proposed several years ago and has found few implementations so far. The VPUs have some advantages as compared with conventional undulators, e.g., a wider range of radiation wavelength tuning and the option to increase the number of poles for shorter periods. Both these advantages will be realized in the VPU under development now at Budker INP. In this paper, we present the results of 2D and 3D magnetic field simulations and discuss some design features of this VPU.
To evaluate the clinical symptoms in pancreatic cancer patients (PCa) and compare some biochemical blood serum parameters in patients with different pathology of the pancreas (PCa, acute (OP) and chronic pancreatitis (CP)). During a one-time clinical research on the type of “series of cases” 130 patients were examined (42 patients with OP, 81 – CP and 7 patients with PCa). The diagnosis of PCa, OP, CP was verified by clinical and instrumental methods. Glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride and bilirubin serum levels were determined by ELISA. The mean age of patients with PCa was 63.6 ± 4.9 years, morbidity duration of PCa – 3.5 ± 1.1 months. Among patients with PCa, 83.3% of people – smoked, 16.7% – smoked every day. Half of the respondents PCa patients noted that over the last year they did not drink alcohol; 16.7% of people – drank alcohol several times a year, and 33.3% of patients consumed alcohol 1–2 times a month. BMI of PCa patients was equal to 26.3 ± 3.5 kg/m2, in OP patients – 23.8 ± 1.0 kg/m2, in CP patients – 26.3 ± 0.6 kg/m2, p > 0.05. In this case, 85.7% of PCa patients noted a significant decrease in body weight (11.7 ± 6.0 kg) for 3–4 months after the onset of symptoms. There was no pain in 42.8% of PCa patients, and frequent pain noted only in 28.6% of persons. Among CP patients, frequent and persistent pain noted in 65.5% of patients and among OP patients in 48.6% of cases. All PCa patients experienced pain in the right upper quadrant. Pain was of low intensity in 75% of cases and moderate in 25% of cases. Elimination of pain was observed in half of the PCa patients, and 1/4 of patients continued to experience pain. Episodes of nausea and vomiting noted in 25% of PCa patients. Bloated feeling in the stomach and overflow were noted in 42.8% of the all surveyed PCa persons. The level of glucose in PCa patients exceeded the normal limits and was significantly higher compared to that in OP and CP patients (8.5 ± 1.4 mmol/L, 5.4 ± 0.3 and 5.1 ± 0.1 mmol/L, respectively, p 0.05). However, the total cholesterol in CP patients was significantly higher than that in PCa and OP patients (5.8 ± 0.1, 5.0 ± 0.6 and 4.1 ± 0.2 mmol/L, p < 0.05). In PCa patients, the elevated levels of some markers of cholestasis and hepatocyte injury were also found: ALP – 185.0 ± 12.7 IU/L, ALT – 108.4 ± 33.5 IU/L, AST – 85.3 ± 31.5 IU/L, amylase – 44.9 ± 14.9 IU/L, fibrinogen – 2696.6 ± 398.6 g/L. The combination of nonspecific clinical signs (pain, dyspepsia) with biochemical markers of biliary pathology and endocrine pancreatic insufficiency – of PCa patients demonstrates the obligatoriness of differential diagnostic pancreatic and biliary pathology in their earlier stages.
This paper deals with computer simulations of laser welding of plates made of dissimilar metals using a composite intermediate insert. They are performed with the previously developed 3D numerical model implemented with the collocations and least squares method. The use of the composite insert when welding dissimilar alloys prevents the formation of brittle intermetallic phases that adversely affect the strength of the joint. Based on the proposed mathematical model, the features of butt-welding of titanium and stainless steel plates and aluminum and titanium plates are investigated. The rational thermal conditions of laser welding and the geometric parameters of the welds are determined.
The Novosibirsk free electron laser is the first multi-turn energy-recovery linear accelerator with three separate laser systems (the terahertz, far-infrared and mid-infrared ones). The facility is well equipped with optical elements and instrumentation available to Russian and foreign users. In this paper, we describe in brief the workstations of the facility and survey selected recent experiments using intense monochromatic terahertz laser radiation, which can be tuned from 90 to 240 μm.
This paper is devoted to experimental investigation of the interaction between the pair of precessing vortices in a tangential vortex chamber. The test section was the tangential vortex chamber with a cylindrical working area. The liquid was tangentially fed into the chamber through 12 rectangular nozzles. The swirl parameter varied in the range 0 ÷ 6.6, and the Reynolds number varied within 6000 ÷ 52000. On the basis of visualization materials the dependence of the precession frequency of the system of two vortices was obtained. For the quantitative investigation the optical methods of laser Doppler anemometry (LDA) and the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) were used. Information about vortices and recirculation zones was obtained from the optical measurements.
Less winterhardy variety of soft winter wheat Novosibirskaya 2 was compared with more winter-hardy ones Novosibirskaya 3, Novosibirskaya 40 and Krasnoobskaya ozimaya.

The research was carried out in 2016-2018 inthe established experimental plot in the foreststeppe of Priobye, theObregion. The predecessor was bare fallow. The planting dates were August 20, September 1, September 10. Weather conditions of the autumn growing season, during which the accumulation of sugars occurs, differed significantly depending on the year of study and the sowing dates.

The amount of accumulated sugars varied depending on the growing conditions and genotypic characteristics of varieties. The highest amount of sugars was accumulated by all varieties during the third term of planting, the lowest amount – during the second term. Lower air temperatures contributed to the increase in the amount of sugars, even when the duration of their accumulation period was shortened, which can be explained by a change in carbohydrate balance in crops when the accumulation of sugars is greater than their consumption for crop respiration. The genotype plays an important role in the carbohydrate metabolism of plants. In more winter-hardy varieties (Novosibirskaya 40, Novosibirskaya 3), the change in the amount of accumulated sugars in contrasting conditions ranged insignificantly (the coefficient of variation was 9.1 and 8.7%, respectively). At the same time, plants of the less winter-hardy variety of Novosibirskaya 2 showed a significantly greater variation in the sugar content under similar conditions (the coefficient of variation 24.7%). Cooler conditions of a later term of sowing contributed to the greatest amount of accumulated sugars. Varietal differences also determined changes in carbohydrate balance.
We prove that every planar graph with maximum degree ∆ is strong edge (2∆ -1)-colorable if its girth is at least 40⌊ ∆ 2 ⌋ + 1.The bound 2∆ -1 is reached at any graph that has two adjacent vertices of degree ∆.
Self-appraisal is a process that leads to the formation of self-esteem, which contributes to subjective well-being and mental health. Neuroimaging studies link self-esteem with the activity of the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ), posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), anterior insula (AIns), and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. It is not known, however, how the process of self-appraisal itself is mediated by the brain and how different nodes of the self-appraisal network interact with each other.

In this study, we used multilevel mediation analysis of functional MRI data recorded during the trait adjective judgment task, treating the emotional valence of adjectives as the predictor, behavioral response as the dependent variable, and brain activity as the mediator.

The mediation effect was revealed in the rTPJ. Dynamic causal modeling showed that positive self-descriptions trigger communication within the network, with the rTPJ exerting the strongest excitatory output and MPFC receiving the strongest excitatory input. rAIns receives the strongest inhibitory input and sends exclusively inhibitory connections to other regions pointing out to its role in the processing of negative self-descriptions. Analysis of individual differences showed that in some individuals, self-appraisal is mostly driven by the endorsement of positive self-descriptions and is accompanied by increased activation and communication between rTPJ, MPFC, and PCC. In others, self-appraisal is driven by the rejection of negative self-descriptions and is accompanied by increased activation of rAIns and inhibition of PCC and MPFC. Membership of these groups was predicted by different personality variables. This evidence uncovers different mechanisms of positive self-bias, which may contribute to different facets of self-esteem and are associated with different personality profiles.
A series of new heterometallic compounds have been obtained by the co-crystallization of Cu(II) methoxy-substituted β-diketonates and Pb(II) hexafluoroacetylacetonate (hfac) from organic solvents.

Their crystal structures were established by X-ray analysis. It is shown that the formation of heterometallic compounds proceeds with geometrical isomerization of the initial copper complexes, which can be controlled by varying terminal substituents in the ligand. Due to the ability of copper complexes to isomerize, the structure of the resulting heterocomplexes can be flexibly and purposefully changed from polymeric to discrete molecular forms.

The study of the thermal properties shows that all the reported compounds are volatile and can be re-sublimed in a vacuum, with their composition and structure being retained.