Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
The measurements of the metrological characteristics (amplitude, width, and shift in the magnetic field) of the dark pseudoresonance, which was proposed by Kazakov et al. [quant-ph/0506167] as the reference resonance for an atomic frequency standard, are reported.

It has been shown that the characteristics of the pseudoresonance are worse than those of the unsplit electromagnetically induced transparency resonance for the excitation scheme with the lin||lin polarization on the D1 line of the 87Rb atom.

It has been shown that the characteristics of the pseudoresonance are worse than those of the unsplit electromagnetically induced transparency resonance.
Light beam propagation through an anisotropic liquid crystal medium is numerically simulated. The Maxwell equations are solved by the FDTD method on computational grids with up to 6 · 108 nodes. Propagation of the fundamental mode HE11 of the fiber-optical light guide through a layer of a nematic liquid crystal filling a transverse gap in the optical fiber and containing a disclination. The behavior of the angular moment as a function of the layer thickness and disclination power is studied. System parameters that ensure the most effective generation of twisted light beams are found.
Triarylmethanols – the direct precursors of persistent trityl radicals – are racemic mixtures of chiral three‐bladed molecular propellers.

NOESY/EXSY experiments performed on two representative models

strongly support the two‐ring flip mechanism for the configurational interchange. Depending on the bulkiness of the aryl groups, they exhibit various tendencies to interconvert, and the half‐life of room‐temperature racemization varies between 8.4 h and 1.32 years.
It is found that nonlinear interaction of plasma wakefields driven by counterpropagating laser or particle beams can efficiently generate high-power electromagnetic radiation at the second harmonic of the plasma frequency.

Using a simple analytical theory and particle-in-cell simulations, we show that this phenomenon can be attractive for producing high-field (∼10 MV/cm) tunable terahertz radiation with a narrow line width.

For laser drivers produced by existing petawatt-class systems, this nonlinear process opens the way to the generation of gigawatt, multi-millijoule terahertz pulses which are not presently available for any other generating schemes.
Introduction of reporter groups at designed RNA sites is a widely accepted approach to gain information about the molecular environment of RNAs in their complexes with other biopolymers formed during various cellular processes. A general approach to obtain RNAs bearing diverse reporter groups at designed locations is based on site-specific insertion of groups containing primary aliphatic amine functions (amino linkers) with their subsequent selective derivatization by appropriate chemicals. This article is a brief review on methods for site-specific introduction of amino linkers in different RNAs. These methods comprise: (i) incorporation of a nucleoside carrying an amino-linker or a function that can be substituted with it into oligoribonucleotides in the course of their chemical synthesis; (ii) assembly of amino linker-containing RNAs from short synthetic fragments via their ligation; (iii) synthesis of amino linker-modified RNAs using T7 RNA polymerase; (iv) insertion of amino linkers into unmodified RNAs at functional groups of a certain type such as the 5'-phosphates and N7 of guanosine residues and (v) introduction of an amino linker into long highly structured RNAs exploiting an approach based on sequence-specific modification of nucleic acids. Particular reporter groups used for derivatization of amino linker-containing RNAs together with types of RNA derivatives obtained and fields of their application are presented.
The excitation function for the $pd\rightarrow$ $d p \pi^{0}$ reaction has been measured by WASA-at-COSY experiment with the aim of searching for $^{3}\hspace{-0.03cm}\mbox{He}$-$\eta$ mesic nuclei. The measurement in the vicinity of $\eta$ meson production was performed using a ramped proton beam. The data analysis and interpretation was carried out with the assumption that the $\eta$-mesic Helium decays via the formation of an intermediate N$^{*}$(1535) resonance. No direct signal of the $\eta$-mesic nucleus is observed in the excitation function. We determine a new improved upper limit for the total cross section for the bound state production and decay in the $pd\rightarrow$ $(^{3}\hspace{-0.03cm}\mbox{He}$-$\eta)_{bound} \rightarrow$ $d p \pi^{0}$ process. It varies between 13 nb to 24 nb for the bound state with width in the range $\Gamma \in (5,50)$ MeV.
We perform a measurement of the tau -> l gamma nu anti-nu (l = e, mu) branching fractions for a minimum photon energy of 10 MeV in the tau rest frame, using 431fb^-1 of e^+e^- collisions collected at the center-of-mass energy of the Upsilon(4S) resonance with the BaBar detector at the PEP-II storage rings. We find B(tau -> mu gamma nu anti-nu ) = (3.69pm0.03pm0.10)x10^-3, and B(tau -> e gamma nu anti-nu ) = (1.847pm0.015pm0.052)x10^-2, where the first quoted error is statistical, and the second is systematic. These results are substantially more precise than previous measurements.
Depressive disorder (DD) is a widespread mental disorder. Although DD is to some extent inherited, the genes contributing to the risk of this disorder and its genetic mechanisms remain poorly understood. A recent large-scale genome-wide association Chinese study revealed a strong association between the SIRT1 gene variants and DD.

The aim of this study was to analyze the occurrence of heterozygote carriers and search for rare SNP variants of the SIRT1 gene in a cohort of DD patients as compared with a cohort of randomly selected members of the Russian population. The complete coding sequences of the SIRT1 gene from 1024 DNA samples from the general Russian population and from 244 samples from patients with DD were analyzed using targeted sequencing.

Four new genetic variants of the SIRT1 were discovered. While no significant differences in the allele frequencies were found between the DD patients and the general population, differences between the frequencies of homozygote carriers of specific alleles and occurrences of heterozygous were found to be significant for rs2236318 (P<0.0001), and, putatively, rs7896005 (P<0.05), and rs36107781 (P<0.05). The study found for the first time that two new SNPs (i.e., 10:69665829 and 10:69665971) along with recently reported ones (rs773025707 and rs34701705), are putatively associated with DD. The revealed DD-associated SIRT1 SNPs might confer susceptibility to this disorder in Russian population of European descent.
In the framework of the lattice dynamics method, the densities of the phonon states of tetrabutylammonium bromide ionic clathrate hydrate have been found.

Using the developed statistical-thermodynamic theory, the free energy curves have been constructed for a wide range of temperatures at different unit cell volumes

The dynamic stability of the hydrate is shown for a number of temperatures. and, based on the calculated data, the lines of thermal expansion of the hydrate have been constructed.
Glycobiology is an underexplored research area in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and glycans are relevant to many etiological mechanisms described in IBD. Alterations in N-glycans attached to the immunoglobulin G (IgG) Fc fragment can affect molecular structure and immunological function. Recent genome-wide association studies reveal pleiotropy between IBD and IgG glycosylation. This study aims to explore IgG glycan changes in ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD).IgG glycome composition in patients with UC (n = 507), CD (n = 287), and controls (n = 320) was analyzed by ultra performance liquid chromatography.Statistically significant differences in IgG glycome composition between patients with UC or CD, compared with controls, were observed. Both UC and CD were associated with significantly decreased IgG galactosylation (digalactosylation, UC: odds ratio [OR] = 0.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.5-0.9; P = 0.01; CD: OR = 0.41; CI, 0.3-0.6; P = 1.4 × 10) and significant decrease in the proportion of sialylated structures in CD (OR = 0.46, CI, 0.3-0.6, P = 8.4 × 10). Logistic regression models incorporating measured IgG glycan traits were able to distinguish UC and CD from controls (UC: P = 2.13 × 10 and CD: P = 2.20 × 10), with receiver-operator characteristic curves demonstrating better performance of the CD model (area under curve [AUC] = 0.77) over the UC model (AUC = 0.72) (P = 0.026). The ratio of the presence to absence of bisecting GlcNAc in monogalactosylated structures was increased in patients with UC undergoing colectomy compared with no colectomy (FDR-adjusted, P = 0.05).The observed differences indicate significantly increased inflammatory potential of IgG in IBD. Changes in IgG glycosylation may contribute to IBD pathogenesis and could alter monoclonal antibody therapeutic efficacy. IgG glycan profiles have translational potential as IBD biomarkers.
In this paper, we introduce a model for the speed scaling setting in the framework of explorable uncertainty. In the model, each job has a release time, a deadline and an unknown workload that can be revealed to the algorithm only after executing a query that induces a given additional job-dependent load. Alternatively, the job may be executed without any query, but in that case its workload is equal to a given upper bound. This assumption is motivated for instance in applications like code optimization, or file compression.

We study the problem of minimizing the overall energy consumption for executing all the jobs in their time windows. We also consider the related problem of minimizing the maximum speed used by the algorithm. We present lower and upper bounds for both the offline case, where all the jobs are known in advance, and the online case, where the jobs arrive over time.

We start with the single machine setting and we finally deal with the more general case where multiple identical parallel machines are available.
The hypothesis that the evolution of humans involved hybridization between diverged species has been actively debated in recent years. NUMTs are considered "mtDNA fossils", as they preserve sequences of ancient mtDNA and thus carry unique information about ancestral populations.

We present novel evidence in support of this hypothesis: the analysis of nuclear pseudogenes of mtDNA ("NUMTs"). Our comparison of a NUMT sequence shared by humans, chimpanzees, and gorillas with their mtDNAs implies that, around the time of divergence between humans and chimpanzees, our evolutionary history involved the interbreeding of individuals whose mtDNA had diverged as much as ~4.5 Myr prior. Additionally, analysis of two other NUMTs suggests that such events occurred repeatedly.

This large divergence suggests a distant interspecies hybridization. Our findings suggest a complex pattern of speciation in primate human ancestors and provide a potential explanation for the mosaic nature of fossil morphology found at the emergence of the hominin lineage.
Objectives of the TAIGA Astrophysical complex include the study of the flux of charged cosmic rays and diffuse gamma rays with energies above 100 TeV. This complex is located in the Tunka Valley about 50 km from Lake Baikal at the site of the Tunka-133 Cherenkov facility. TAIGA includes the TAIGA-HiSCORE wide-angle Cherenkov array, the network of Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (TAIGA-IACT), the Tunka-Grande and TAIGA-Muon scintillation arrays. In this work, we present the results of an analysis of the joint events of the Tunka-Grande scintillation array and TAIGA-HiSCORE and Tunka-133 Cherenkov facilities. The results verify sufficient accuracy of the scintillation experiment for the hybrid study of mass composition of cosmic rays and gamma-hadron separation.
Results of the studies into the effect of trap magmatism on the geochemistry of gases (free and dissolved in water) and their zoning within the boundaries of north-western regions of the Siberian Platform are reported.

The maximal paleotemperatures at the moment of trap intrusion reached 650 °C at the contact for the major productive horizons: Silurian (Devilish), Ordovician (Baikit), and Cambrian (Deltulino-Tanachinsky, Abakunsky, and Moktakonsky). Hydrocarbon gases in the free and water-dissolved phases were subjected to degradation in the most active form.

For instance, carbon dioxide dominates, with its content more than 90 vol. % and methane content up to 5 vol. % in intrusion-affected zone at a distance up to 100 m, while at a distance of 250 m CO 2 concentration decreases to 30 vol. %, and CH 4 concentration increases to 60-70 vol. %. No significant effect of the thickness of intrusion on gas composition was revealed.
We consider a compact hyperbolic tetrahedron of a general type. It is a convex hull of four points called vertices in the hyperbolic space [Formula: see text]. It can be determined by the set of six edge lengths up to isometry. For further considerations, we use the notion of edge matrix of the tetrahedron formed by hyperbolic cosines of its edge lengths. We establish necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a tetrahedron in [Formula: see text]. Then we find relations between their dihedral angles and edge lengths in the form of a cosine rule. Finally, we obtain exact integral formula expressing the volume of a hyperbolic tetrahedron in terms of the edge lengths. The latter volume formula can be regarded as a new version of classical Sforza’s formula for the volume of a tetrahedron but in terms of the edge matrix instead of the Gram matrix.
In this paper, the authors constructed a simulation model that allows economic assessment of environmental damage.

Using the example of sulfide-bearing wastes from a mining and processing plant in the Kemerovo region, the total damage caused to water and land natural resources in 2018 was calculated.

This damage amounted to 659.7 million rubles. The authors also made a forecast estimate, according to which the environmental damage in 2030 will amount to 950 million rubles. This forecast can be realized in case of failure to take any measures to eliminate or reduce the negative impact on the environment.
A series of micro-disperse Ni-Mo alloys with the sponge-like structure was prepared by a simultaneous precipitation method followed by sintering of the sediment in H2 atmosphere at 800 °C. According to XRD data, the formation of single-phase solid solution Ni1-xMox took place for the samples with Mo content of 0.6-8.3 wt.%. Synthesized samples were studied in a process of the catalytic CVD of C2H4Cl2 at 550-700 °C. In situ kinetic studies of carbon deposition process were carried out in a flow gravimetric setup equipped with McBain balances. An interaction of Ni-Mo alloys with C2H4Cl2 is accompanied by their rapid disintegration with formation of disperse active particles catalyzing the growth of carbon nanomaterials (CNM). The strong boosting effect of Mo on the catalytic performance of Ni was revealed. The maximum yield of CNM product (8.3 wt.% Mo, 600 °C, 120 min) was as high as 45 g/gM. The study on effect of the reaction temperature on the CNM yield allowed one to define an optimal temperature regime. The impact of Mo concentration upon the morphology, structural features and textural properties of the produced carbon fibers was investigated by means of SEM, TEM, Raman spectroscopy and low-temperature nitrogen adsorption. The role of chemisorbed chlorine species in a pulse-to-pulse regime of the segmented carbon filaments formation was discussed.
Mathematical model is formulated for description of thermophysical processes at laser welding of metal plates for the case when modifying nanoparticles of refractory compounds (nanopowder inoculators -NPI) are introduced into the weld pool.Specially prepared nanoparticles of refractory compounds serve here as crystallization centers, i.e. in fact they are exogenous inoculants on which surface clusters are grouped.This can be used to control the melt crystallization process and formation of its structure, and, therefore, properties of the weld seam.As an example, calculation results of the butt welding of aluminum alloy and steel plates are presented.The results of calculation and experimental data comparison are shown.
This paper provides a brief overview of the existing definitions of a stiff system of differential equations.

Further, on the example of the accepted scheme of chemical transformations of the catalytic isomerization process of the pentane-hexane fraction, the stiffness of the system of differential equations was studied. In the course of the work, a method for studying the direct kinetic problem for stiffness is presented. In the Matlab software, the results of solving a system of differential equations by five methods (solvers) were compared.

The given method can be tried for solving other problems of chemical kinetics.
Plants show remarkable regenerative abilities, allowing them to recover from wounds and organ loss. This regenerative capacity is controlled in part by auxin, the most promiscuous plant hormone controlling organogenesis and tissue patterning.

We show that stem cell death diverges the auxin flow, much like rocks in a stream, resulting in an auxin accumulation in the tissues surrounding the wound. We demonstrate that within these tissues, wound-induced expression of the plant-specific transcription factor ERF115 works synergistically with the change in auxin accumulation, thereby specifying stem cell identity in the cells surrounding the damaged stem cells.

This gain of stem cell identity drives formative divisions, allowing replacement of the lost stem cells and thus successful regeneration.
The Cover Feature shows a representation of a future electric vehicle powered by Li-ion batteries with transition-metal polysulfide electrodes driven on a road. Polysulfide electrodes have an unusual operation mechanism featuring anionic redox processes in disulfide groups (S−S)2−. The main redox reaction is schematically drawn on the hand wheel. As an example, a fragment of the VS4 structure is displayed on the control panel. The yellow balls are S atoms connected in pairs and the blue balls are V atoms. The mountains at the backdrop are “filled” with fragments of TaS3 and NbS3 microstructures symbolizing the vast opportunities that the rich polysulfide family offers for energy conversion and storage. More information can be found in the Concept by Grayfer et al. on page 4805 in Issue 24, 2017 (DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201701709).
The advantages and disadvantages of existing approaches to the synthesis of oligodeoxyribonucleotides (ODN) are discussed focusing on large-scale methods. The liquid phase and solid supported synthesis and the synthesis on soluble polymers are discussed.

Different problems concerning the methods and implementation of the ODN synthesis are outlined depending on goals of using target oligomers.
local treatment of metastases is an integral part of colon cancer treatment. However, there is not enough data on the efficacy of surgical resection of metastases in patients with a BRAF gene mutation to recommend this approach in routine practice.

We initiated a retrospective multicenter study to assess the incidence of BRAF gene mutations in patients with metastatic colon cancer and to study the efficacy of metastasectomy in this group of patients. we selected all patients who underwent surgical resection of metastases in various sites from the database of patients with BRAF gene mutations created as a result of a multicenter retrospective study with participation of 7 clinics in the Russian Federation. All 57 patients with RAS gene mutations and 43 patients with wild‑type RAS and BRAF genes who also underwent surgical resection of metastases at any stage of treatment were selected from the register of the Chemotherapy Department No. 2 of the NMRC of Oncology named after N. N. Blokhin for comparative analysis. Disease‑free survival and overall survival were used as primary efficacy criteria.

prognosis of patients with a BRAF gene mutation after surgical resection of metastases is worse than in patients with a different mutation phenotype. Nevertheless, literature data, as well as the results of our study, confirm the possibility of performing metastasectomy with careful selection of patients.
Simultaneous imaging of both positive and negative product ions is used to exclusively study photoion pair formation free from interference of competing fragmentation channels. Resonance enhanced multi-photon excitation allows us to interrogate potential energy surfaces for vastly differing molecular geometries. 3D imaging provides complete fragment information. We applied the technique to HCl as a benchmark and identified the gateway state leading to photoion pairs. The approach can easily be applied to any molecule exhibiting a potential with an attractive part at large internuclear distances.
The behaviour of magnetite Fe3O4 at high pressure has been tackled quite extensively in recent years in an effort to elucidate the magnetic-electronic state and structural characteristics of the high-pressure phase [1]. Maghemite (γ-Fe2O3), the fully oxidised structural analogue of magnetite Fe3O4, is both of geophysical significance and of crucial importance to the magnetic read-write recording industries.

In this study the behaviour of a well-characterised sample of maghemite, in which there is evidence of vacancy ordering [2], has been investigated under quasi-hydrostatic conditions in a diamond-anvil cell at pressures up to ∼30 GPa using synchrotron X-ray diffraction (beamline XRD1, ELETTRA). In maghemite iron is trivalent in the spinel lattice and a preponderance of ordered or disordered vacancies (perhaps partially occupied by impurity atoms) occurs, to ensure charge compensation. Our sample has vacancies in an ordered array as deduced from the superstructure peaks in the diffraction pattern [2].

The original ordered vacancy structure is maintained upon pressurising to ∼17 GPa. This is also the onset transformation pressure from maghemite to a new structural phase, ascribed to hematite (α-Fe2O3). Maghemite (and vacancy superstructure) phase signatures coexist with the new structural phase up to ∼25GPa. Radical changes occur to the original maghemite vacancy superstructure in this regime of phase coexistence. The transformation to the new structural phase of Fe2O3 is completed at ∼27 GPa. This is similar to the transition pressures reported in a previous Fe Mossbauer pressure study of well crystallized maghemite [3] and for annealed bulk γ-Fe2O3 [4]. The pressure-induced transformation is irreversible and upon decompression the high pressure phase is preserved to ambient conditions. The bulk modulus for the maghemite and the hematite high pressure phase have been extracted from the P-V data.
Organic aerosol is formed in coal mines due to heat release and evaporation of organics from coal during the longwall operation. This frictional heating occurs when a metallic cutting bit strikes a rock. Thus formed organic aerosol can contribute significantly to the explosivity of methane/air atmosphere in coal mines.

In this paper, the flammable limits for the methane–air mixtures with organic aerosol are determined. For this purpose, organic aerosol is synthesizes from the coal-tar pitch in a laboratory evaporation–nucleation flow chamber. Aerosol particles synthesized under laboratory conditions are aggregates consisting of small primary particles with the fractal-like dimension D f = 2.0 ± 0.1, which is close to D f = 2.1 ± 0.1 of coal mine aerosol.

It is shown that the flammability of organic aerosol/methane mixture in air is in good agreement with the Le Chatelier additive principle. The lower ignition limit for the pure organic aerosol in air is 44 g/m 3 .