Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
This paper reports on an experimental study of the gas (nitrogen) driven water rivulet flow regimes in the minichannel.

The width of the liquid nozzle is 10 mm, the height and width of minichannel are 1.61 ±0.02 mm and 30 mm correspondently. The new flow regime has been found by authors. Its occurrence is connected with influence of relatively large static wetting angle of water on the flow and comparably small height of the channel.

It was named 'rivulet bridge'. The paper presents a map of the various rivulet flow regimes, characterized by different geometry and different kinds of surface deformations at temperature 40°C.
We propose a calibration‐free method to determine the number of receptors per cell, as well as the direct and the reverse reaction rate constants for a single receptor. The method is based on the analysis of the temporal evolution of the cells mean fluorescent intensity measured by a flow cytometer during the ligand–receptor (antigen–antibody) binding under the conditions of their comparable concentrations. We developed the kinetic approach accounting both for the delay between the dilution and the measurement and for the practical duration of the measurement itself. The method was applied to determine thenumber of CD14 receptors on human blood mononuclear (granulocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes) cells of several donors. We also obtained the direct ( (5.6 ± 0.2) × 10 7 M −1 min −1 ) and reverse ( (1.3 ± 0.2) × 10 −2 min −1 ) rate constants of ligand–receptor interaction, and estimated the size of the binding site as b = 0.5 nm. The latter allows one to recalculate the rate constants for a different ligand, fluorescent label, medium viscosity, and/or temperature. The knowledge of the rate constants is essential for the calibration‐free determination of the number of receptors per cell from a single kinetic curve of the cells mean fluorescence intensity.
The failure of uncovered interest rate parity (UIP) is a well-known phenomenon of the last thirty years. UIP failure is more prominent in advanced economies than in emerging market economies. Typically, UIP estimation for an advanced economy generates a negative coefficient, meaning that a higher interest rate in advanced economy A will result in the appreciation of economy A's exchange rate. For emerging market economies, higher interest rates usually correspond to future depreciation, although this depreciation is not sufficient for UIP to hold. This paper shows that UIP holds in Russia better than in other emerging market economies when the UIP equation accounts for a constant risk premium. Consequently, there is no forward premium puzzle for Russian data for 2001–2014. To determine the results for Russia and to compare them with the results for other countries, we estimate UIP first for Russia and then for advanced and emerging market economies using seemingly unrelated regressions and panel data analysis. By comparing the profitability of static and dynamic carry trade strategies, we also confirm that in emerging market economies, risk premiums are often constant, whereas in advanced economies, risk premiums are almost always volatile. This may explain why UIP holds better in emerging market economies. It also enables us to formulate a hypothesis that macroeconomic policies of emerging market economies (e.g., the accumulation of large foreign exchange reserves) stabilize risk premiums.
Meiotic recombination is an important source of genetic variability. Studies on mammals demonstrate a substantial interspecies variation in overall recombination rate, which is dependent mainly on chromosome (2n) and chromosome arm number (FN). Bird karyotypes are very conservative with 2n being about 78–82 and FN being 80–90 in most species. However, some families such as Apodidae (swifts) and Falconidae (falcons) show a substantial karyotypic variation.

In this study, we describe the somatic and pachytene karyotypes of the male Common Swift (Apus apus) and the pachytene karyotype of the male Eurasian Hobby (Falco subbuteo) and estimate the overall number and distribution of recombination events along the chromosomes of these species. The somatic karyotype was examined in bone marrow cells. Pachytene chromosome spreads were prepared from spermatocytes of adult males. Synaptonemal complexes and mature recombination nodules were visualized with antibodies to SYCP3 and MLH1 proteins correspondingly.

The karyotype of the Common Swift consists of three metacentric, three submetacentric and two telocentric macrochromosomes and 31 telocentric microchromosomes (2n = 78; FN = 90). It differs from the karyotypes of related Apodidae species described previously. The karyotype of the Eurasian Hobby contains one metacentric and 13 telocentric macrochromosomes and one metacentric and ten telocentric microchromosomes (2n = 50; FN = 54) and is similar to that described previously in 2n, but differs for macrochromosome morphology. Despite an about 40% difference in 2n and FN, these species have almost the same number of recombination nodules per genome: 51.4 ± 4.3 in the swift and 51.1 ± 6.7 in the hobby. The distribution of the recombination nodules along the macrochromosomes was extremely polarized in the Common Swift and was rather even in the Eurasian Hobby. This study adds two more species to the short list of birds in which the number and distribution of recombination nodules have been examined. Our data confirm that recombination rate in birds is substantially higher than that in mammals, but shows rather a low interspecies variability. Even a substantial reduction in chromosome number does not lead to any substantial decrease in recombination rate. More data from different taxa are required to draw statistically supported conclusions about the evolution of recombination in birds.
Conventional lamprophyres were considered along with rarer alkali minettes, meta-lamprophyres, lamproschists, appinites and para-lamproites.

The process includes three basic steps, a macroscopic study of the formation, petrographic microscopy and lastly whole-rock and trace element analyses of the samples. Fourteen Greek lamprophyric rocks with distinct characteristics were used.

This study aims to help non-expert geologists in locating, classifying and analyzing lamprophyres, the exotic and complex rocks.
A model of synthetic gas hydrates in a mixture of quartz pellets is considered using by tetrahydrofuran solution based on distilled water. The analysis of the NMR-characteristics of tetrahydrofuran hydrate in clayed sand is performed. The stages of hydrate dissociation excluding water contribution are established and it is shown that the NMR-relaxometry method is sensitive to the clay content. The obtained results allow us to more detailed study the processes of hydrate formation in real reservoir rocks and their physical characteristics.
The paper summarizes the requirements and describes an experimental setup that allows us to study the dynamics of the concentration of intracellular sodium in the endothelium of the cornea.
The conditional mutations in D. melanogaster are produced by gamma-irradiation, maintained in laboratory cultures, and inherited as gene mutations. However, their manifestation differs from the conventional mutations by several specific features.

A particular procedure for mutation recovery determines what these genotypes will be. An overwhelming number of mutations are conditional dominant lethals. The viable mutation carriers display a drastically decreased fertility. Early zygotic lethality is inherited according to parental type (maternal or paternal). The carriers of conditional mutations give the offspring with a high rate of monstrosities. The possibility for the offspring to form monstrosities is inherited according to a parental (maternal or paternal) type. The level of fertility of conditional mutants is altered by chromosomal rearrangements. The chromosomal rearrangements themselves cause a decrease in fertility. Lethality of the progenies produced by the parents carrying rearrangements is inherited according to a parental (maternal or paternal) type.

The results allow for a set of logical arguments in favor of that 1) the genome has a specialized system of genes (ontogenes) that control the course of individual development; 2) unlike a classical gene, acting according to the scheme DNA à RNA à protein, the ontogene implements the regulation according to the scheme DNA à RNA; and 3) the course of individual development is programmed by double-strand RNAs produced by ontogenes in germline cells.
The article presents the investigation results on the relationship between machine tool industry, intellectual property and gross domestic product. In this paper, we considered data from developed countries, BRIC countries, South Korea and Malaysia.

It is concluded that the machine tool industry along with the intellectual property is a clear indicator of economic development. For economic growth and enlargement of the gross domestic product, it is important to develop industry and machine tool construction. For Russia's transition to an innovative way, it is necessary to develop the industrial production.
The lifetime of the τ lepton is measured using the process e+e−→τ+τ−, where both τ leptons decay to 3πντ.

The result for the mean lifetime, based on 711 fb−1 of data collected with the Belle detector at the Υ(4S) resonance and 60 MeV below, is τ=(290.17±0.53(stat)±0.33(syst))×10−15 s.

The first measurement of the lifetime difference between τ+ and τ− is performed. The upper limit on the relative lifetime difference between positive and negative τ leptons is |Δτ|/τ<7.0×10−3 at 90% C.L.
To confirm the association between sudden cardiac death (SCD) and single nucleotide polymorphisms rs7164665, rs71461059, rs74765750, rs6762529, identified in own genome-wide associative study as new molecular genetic markers of SCD.

As design we used case-control study. The SCD group was formed using the SCD criteria of the European Society of Cardiology (n=438, average age 53,2±9,1 years, male — 72,7%, women — 28,3%). The control group (n=435, average age 53,2±8,9 years, men — 70,0%, women — 30,0%) was selected by gender and age for the SCD group from the DNA bank of the international projects MONICA and HAPIEE. DNA was isolated by phenol-chloroform extraction from myocardial tissue in the SCD group and venous blood in the control group. Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction followed by analysis of estriction fragment length polymorphism. The results are statistically processed using the SPSS 16.0 software package.

No carriers of the rare allele A of the single nucleotide polymorphism rs74765750 were found in the SCD group and the control group. No statistically significant differences were found between the SCD group and the control group relating to frequencies of genotypes and alleles of single nucleotide polymorphisms rs7164665 and rs71461059. In the age group older than 50 years, the proportion of carriers of the heterozygous CT genotype of the single nucleotide polymorphism rs6762529 in the SCD group is statistically significantly lower compared to the control group (CT vs CC+TT: OR=0,686, 95% CI 0,483-0,967 p=0,035). The CT genotype of the single nucleotide polymorphism rs6762529 is associated with a protective effect on SCD for people over 50 years of age. The association with single nucleotide polymorphisms rs7164665, rs71461059, rs74765750 with SCD has not been confirmed.
This work describes the nearly complete genome sequence of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strain NDV/Novosibirsk/garganey/27/2014, which was isolated from a wild garganey in western Siberia, Russia.

The NDV strain was classified as belonging to class II of genotype I and was identified as having recent common ancestry with isolates from wild and domestic birds in China and South Korea.
One of the core symptoms of major depression in human is anhedonia.For that reason, one of the main requirements towards experimental depression models is that they be able to demonstrate anhedonia in animals, that have been exposed to stressful events, and other behavioral changes attributable to a depression-like state.However, the results presented in the literature are contradictory: sweet solution intake, which is considered as a parameter of hedonic/anhedonic behavior in animals, responds quite differently to stressful situations in that it is either unaffected or increased or decreased.Different experimental designs used for the study of anhedonia in male mice exposed to chronic social defeat stress were tried to understand the reasons for so contradictory responses.Anhedonia appears as an abrupt reduction in sweet solution consumption in stressed animals and by failure to attain recovery after deprivation.However, it was also demonstrated that sucrose solution intake and preference strongly depend on the experimental context; that the possible critical factor may be prior acquaintance with the hedonic stimulus -or the lack whereof.Analysis of literature data and ours allowed us to conclude that the lack of a significant decrease in sweet solution intake in stressed animals is no evidence of lack of depression.Furthermore this decrease is evidence of anhedonia only provided other symptoms of depression are present.Hedonic consumable intake can be decreased over various diseases, in particular, a high level of anxiety, pathological aggression or depression.
A number of particles in a multiplying medium under rather general conditions is asymptotically exponential with respect to time t with the parameter λ, i.e., with the index of power λ ⁢ t {\lambda t} . If the medium is random, then the parameter λ is the random variable. To estimate the temporal asymptotics of the mean particles number (via the medium realizations), it is possible to average the exponential function via the corresponding distribution. Assuming that this distribution is Gaussian, the super-exponential estimate of the mean particle number could be obtained and expressed by the exponent with the index of power t ⁢ E ⁢ λ + t 2 ⁢ D ⁢ λ 2 {t{\rm E}\lambda+t^{2}{\rm D}\frac{\lambda}{2}} . The application of this new formula to investigation of the COVID-19 pandemic is performed.
Nanostructured SnO(x) films were obtained by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The morphology, structure, and optical properties of obtained films annealed in the temperature range of 200 °C–1000 °C were studied. The reflection high-energy electron diffraction during the film deposition by the MBE method and the x-ray phase analysis showed that the initial films are in the polycrystalline phase. A single orthorhombic SnO 2 phase was obtained for the first time after annealing the SnO(x) film in the air at a temperature of about 500 °C. The sharp change in the optical constants near the temperature of 500 °C was established using ellipsometry. The pronounced absorption edge appears in the short-wave region at temperatures above 500 °C and it disappears at lower temperatures. The film thickness changed non-monotonically during the annealing in the air. At first, it grows from 45 nm to 65 nm (active oxidation to 500 °C), and then (above 600 °C) it begins to decrease. The annealing at temperatures of 500 °C–1000 °C leads to the film compaction, since the film thickness decreases to 50 nm, but the refractive index increases by 10%–15%. Optical constants track the progress of film phase and morphological changes.
ЭТАПЫ ОСВОЕНИЯ НАВЫКОВ ТАЙЦЗИЦЮАНЬ И УРОВНИ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ДВИЖЕНИЯМИ ЧЕЛОВЕКАА. В. Мурашова, С. А. Комиссаров (Новосибирск, Россия), Лю Дэпэй (Гуанчжоу, Китай), Б
Volatile components in diamonds, associated garnet (pyrope), and olivine from two extremely rare xenoliths of diamondiferous peridotites recovered from the Udachnaya kimberlite pipe in Yakutia, Russia, were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) using a Focus DSQ II Series Single Quadrupole GC–MS (Thermo Scientific, USA). These xenoliths are pyrope lherzolite and pyrope dunite based upon compositions of coexisting minerals. Unlike the pyrope lherzolite, which contained pyrope with moderate calcium (Ca)-component content (about 15 mol%), the dunite contained subcalcic chromium (Cr)-pyrope with low Ca-component content (less than 10 mol%). All investigated minerals contained dominating hydrocarbons and their derivatives represented by aliphatic (paraffins, olefins), cyclic (naphthenes, arenes), oxygenated (alcohols, ethers), and heterocyclic (dioxanes, furans) hydrocarbons; nitrogenated, chlorinated, and sulfonated compounds; carbon dioxide (CO2); and water (H2O). The relative concentration (rel%) of total hydrocarbon was 79.7 rel% for diamonds, 69.1 rel% for garnet, and 92.6 rel% for olivine, with a general amount of components ranging from 161 to 206. New data on volatiles in diamonds, associated garnet, and olivine suggest the presence of a wide spectrum of hydrocarbons along with nitrogen (N2), CO2, and H2O in some upper mantle areas.
We consider a model of two parties' competition organized as a Stackelberg game. The parties open their facilities intending to maximize profit from serving the customers that behave following a binary rule. The set of customers is unknown to the party which opens its facilities first and is called the Leader. Instead, a finite list of possible scenarios specifying this set is provided to the Leader. One of the scenarios is to be realized in the future before the second party, called the Follower, would make their own decision. The scenarios are supplied with known probabilities of realization, and the Leader aims to maximize both the probability to get a profit not less than a specific value, called a guaranteed profit, and the value of a guaranteed profit itself. We formulate the Leader's problem as a bi-objective bi-level mathematical program. To approximate the set of efficient solutions of this problem, we develop an ε-constraint method where a branch-and-bound algorithm solves a sequence of bi-level problems with a single objective. Based on the properties of feasible solutions of a bi-level program and mathematical programming techniques, we developed three upper bound procedures for the branch-and-bound method mentioned. In numerical experiments, we compare these procedures with each other. Besides that, we discuss relations of the model under investigation and the stochastic competitive location model with uncertain profit values.
The classification, up to isomorphism, of all self-embedding monomial power permutations of Hamming Steiner triple systems of order n=2^m-1 for small m, m < 23, is given. As far as we know, for m in {5,7,11,13,17,19}, all given self-embeddings in closed surfaces are new. Moreover, they are cyclic for all m and nonorientable at least for all m < 21. For any non prime m, the nonexistence of such self-embeddings in a closed surface is proven.
The computer modelling results for Kuonamka source rock evolution in catagenesis are represented for the area of North Tunguska petroleum region for pre-igneous period.

Petroleum generation hotbeds are determined.

Petroleum resources indirect assessment is made for Kuonamka source rock for pre-igneous period.
Post-translational modifications diversify protein functions and dynamically coordinate their signalling networks, influencing most aspects of cell physiology. Nevertheless, their genetic regulation or influence on complex traits is not fully understood. Here, we compare the genetic regulation of the same PTM of two proteins – glycosylation of transferrin and immunoglobulin G (IgG). By performing genome-wide association analysis of transferrin glycosylation, we identify 10 significantly associated loci, 9 of which were not reported previously. Comparing these with IgG glycosylation-associated genes, we note protein-specific associations with genes encoding glycosylation enzymes (transferrin - MGAT5 , ST3GAL4 , B3GAT1 ; IgG - MGAT3 , ST6GAL1 ), as well as shared associations ( FUT6 , FUT8 ). Colocalisation analyses of the latter suggest that different causal variants in the FUT genes regulate fucosylation of the two proteins. Glycosylation of these proteins is thus genetically regulated by both shared and protein-specific mechanisms.
In most cases modern distributed computer systems (computer clusters and MPP systems) have hierarchical organization and non-uniform communication channels between elementary machines (computer nodes, processors or processor cores). Execution time of parallel programs significantly depends on how they map to computer system (on what elementary machines parallel processes are assigned and what channels for inter-process communications are used). The general problem of mapping a parallel program into a distributed computer system is a well known NP-hard problem and several heuristics have been proposed to approximate its optimal solution. In this paper an algorithm for mapping parallel programs into hierarchical distributed computer systems based on task graph partitioning is proposed. The software tool for mapping MPI applications into multicore computer clusters is considered. The quality of this algorithm with the NAS Parallel Benchmarks is evaluated.
The aim of this work was to assess the potential of the optical methods for studying erythrocytes (Er) and blood serum (BS) of patients with colorectal cancer (CC). A total of 26 persons (52 + 8 years old) with CC (histologically – adenocarcinoma) in the T1–2 stage (the 1st group consisting of 10 patients) and in the terminal stage T3–4 (the 2nd group involving 16 patients) were examined. The metastases (in the liver area) were detected in 6 patients; the remaining patients had no metastases. The degree of lymph node involvement in most patients was not determined, the ten corresponding N1. The control group consisted of 16 healthy people (50 + 6 years old).

Electric and viscoelastic Er parameters were investigated by dielectrophoresis, their membrane structure – by TLC and gas chromatography. The optical properties of BS were studied by the methods of ellipsometry. The reaction of the monoclonal antibody CD 24 with BS antigens of CC patients was studied by spectroscopic ellipsometry close to the conditions of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) (ProteOn XPR36 (BioRad).

We observed significant differences in Er parameters, associated with the CC stage. Given in the 2nd group (T3–4) summarized rigidity, viscosity, electrical conductivity, the relative polarizability, indexes of aggregation and destruction were significantly higher than those in the 1st (T1–2) and in the control group (p < 0.001–0.05). At the same time the patients of the 2nd group had marked disturbances of Er deformability, leading to the development of microcirculatory disorders and tissue hypoxia with the expressed deficit of intracellular macroergs. We observed high levels of cholesterol fraction, oleic, stearic acids, high index of cholesterol/phospholipids (PHL) and low levels of total lipids, easily oxidable PHL, arachidonic acid, omega-3 index in Er membranes in the 2nd group in comparison with those in the 1st group of patients (p < 0.0001–0.03). Scanning ellipsometry showed marked heterogeneity in thickness and composition, the abundance of discontinuities in thin films of BS of patients in the 2nd group compared to the 1st one (p < 0.001). Increasing the refractive index in combination with the reduction in film thickness as CC stage was weighting has been observed (p < 0.01–0,⧹.05). The concentration of the antigens to the CD24 in the BS of patients (obtained by SPR) in the terminal stages of CC was higher than that in the T1–2 (p < 0.001). We revealed correlations between Er parameters, BS ellipsometry characteristics and biochemical parameters, which reflected the interaction between these components depending on the CC stage. Identified microcirculatory disturbances probably aggravate the course of CC and, therefore, require additional therapeutic effects. Differences in Er and BS parameters associated with the stage of CC, give hope for the development of new diagnostic methods at the early stages of the disease.