Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
The hybrid zone between chromosome races of the common shrew (Sorex araneus) provides an exceptional model to study the potential role of chromosome rearrangements in the initial steps of speciation. The Novosibirsk and Tomsk races differ by a series of Robertsonian fusions with monobrachial homology. They form a narrow hybrid zone and generate hybrids with both simple (chain of three chromosomes) and complex (chain of eight or nine) synaptic configurations. Using immunolocalisation of the meiotic proteins, we examined chromosome pairing and recombination in males from the hybrid zone. Homozygotes and simple heterozygotes for Robertsonian fusions showed a low frequency of synaptic aberrations (&lt; 10%). The carriers of complex synaptic configurations showed multiple pairing abnormalities, which might lead to reduced fertility. Recombination frequency in the proximal regions of most chromosomes of all karyotypes was much lower than in the other regions. The strong suppression of recombination in the pericentromeric regions and co-segregation of race specific chromosomes involved in the long chains would be expected to lead to linkage disequilibrium between genes located there. Genic differentiation, together with the high frequency of pairing aberrations in male carriers of the long chains, might contribute to maintenance of the narrow hybrid zone.
The incommensurately modulated twin structure of nyerereite Na1.64K0.36Ca(CO3)2 has been first determined in the (3 + 1)-dimensional symmetry group Cmcm(α00)00s with modulation vector q = 0.383a*. Unit-cell values are a = 5.062 (1), b = 8.790 (1), c = 12.744 (1) Å. Three orthorhombic components are related by threefold rotation about [001]. Discontinuous crenel functions are used to describe the occupation modulation of Ca and some CO3 groups. The strong displacive modulation of the O atoms in vertexes of such CO3 groups is described using x-harmonics in crenel intervals. The Na, K atoms occupy mixed sites whose occupation modulation is described in two ways using either complementary harmonic functions or crenels. The nyerereite structure has been compared both with the commensurately modulated structure of K-free Na2Ca(CO3)2 and with the widely known incommensurately modulated structure of γ-Na2CO3.
Despite the fact that a number of hydrocarbon fields have been discovered on the Yamal and Gydan Peninsula, including large gas fields, there is still no generalized regional model for geologists.

In connection with the appearance in recent years of new geological information (2D, 3D seismic, logging, drilling of well Gydanskaya № 130), the authors believe it makes sense to reinterpret seismic data using new information too.
The article precedes the republishing of the poem of the Harbin poet Alexei Achair (Gryzov; 1896–1960) “Cossacks”, completed by the author at the end of 1927. It was published twice in 1929 in hard-to-reach publications for the modern reader: in two issues of the collection “Free Siberia” (Prague) and in the newspaper “Russian Word” (Harbin).

The forgotten poem deserves attention as a case of early imitation of Marina Tsvetaeva’s poems, primarily the Pied Piper, and also as a detailed essay reflecting the regional mentality of the “storm and onslaught” period of the “Young Churaevka” circle. In addition, this is the largest in volume and the most significant in scale work of Air, the only poem published during his lifetime.

Achair reproduced the characteristic techniques of Tsvetaeva’s “big form” poetics and tried to put them at the service of the propaganda of Siberian regionalism. Along with Tsvetaeva, who determined the artistic structure of the poem, echoes of Soviet poetry (Khlebnikov, Mayakovsky, Selvinsky) are also heard, which makes the overall impression of the poem mosaic.
Золоторудные объекты в скарнах широко распространены в геологических структурах Восточной Тувы, но их промышленная оценка сопряжена со значительными трудностями из-за слабой изученности их минералого-геохимических особенностей. Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью расшифровки генезиса и условий образования золоторудных объектов, локализованных в скарнах. Цель: установление минералого-геохимических особенностей и условий формирования руд месторождения Барсучий в Северо-Восточной Туве. Методы: полевые исследования, детальные минералогические исследования с изучением рудной минерализации в полированных шлифах (аншлифах) с помощью сканирующего электронного микроскопа Tescan Vega 3 sbu с ЭДС Oxford Instruments X-act. Условия формирования минеральных ассоциаций определялись термобарогеохимическими методами. Результаты. Установлено, что золоторудная минерализация на месторождении Барсучий является постскарновой и имеет гидротермальный генезис, образуя прожилково-вкрапленное и прожилковое оруденение штокверкового типа в диоритах, контактовых (роговики, скарны) и гидротермально-метасоматических породах. Околорудные процессы на месторождении выражены в березитизации и лиственитизации кварцевых диоритов, скарнов и карбонатных пород. Отложение самородного золота происходило в две стадии. По составу продуктивных минеральных ассоциаций Барсучий отвечает золото-пирротин-пирит-халькопиритовому типу с калаверитом AuTe2, петцитом Ag3AuTe2, гесситом Ag2Te и минералами ряда теллуровисмутит-теллурантимон. Рудоотложение золота на месторождении происходило из водных растворов с хлоридами Na и K, содержащих CO2 и CH4, с солёностью 1,7−10,5 мас. % NaCl-экв. при изменении окислительно-восстановительного потенциала среды при вариациях f S2, f Se2, f Te2 и снижении температуры рудоносного флюида (первая продуктивная стадия – 360–280 °С, вторая – 320–240 °С). По минералого-геохимическим особенностям месторождение Барсучий относится к малосульфидной золото-сульфидно-кварцевой формации и близко к месторождениям золото-висмутового геохимического типа.
Over the past years, evidence has been accumulating for a fundamental role of protein-protein interactions between transcription factors in gene-specific transcription regulation. Many of these interactions run within composite elements containing binding sites for several factors.

We have selected 101 composite regulatory elements identified experimentally in the regulatory regions of 64 genes of vertebrates and of their viruses and briefly described them in a compilation. Of these, 82 composite elements are of the synergistic type and 19 of the antagonistic type. The nucleotide sequence and localization in the genes, the names and brief description of transcription factors, are provided for each composite element, including a representation of experimental data on its functioning. The compilation of composite elements is presented in the database COMPEL which is electronically accessible by anonymous ftp via internet.

Within the synergistic type composite elements, transcription factors bind to the corresponding sites simultaneously, thus cooperatively activating transcription. The factors, binding to their target sites within antagonistic type composite elements, produce opposing effects on transcription. Most of the composite elements (3/4) fall between -250 bp and the transcription start site. The distance between the binding sites within the composite elements described varies from complete overlapping to 80 bp.
The article discusses the main reasons of the poor public health in Russia. There are such unfavorable indicators of health: low life expectancy and birth rates, high morbidity and mortality (especially among people of working age).

In modern Russia the health of population is negatively affected by environmental factors, psycho-emotional stress because of economic crisis, and the low level of culture. But the main significant negative impact on health is provided by the underfunding of the health sector and inequality of Russian citizens in access to satisfactory health care. In the face of declining public health expenditure, people are forced to pay for medical services themselves. Therefore private expensive medicine supplants free medicine.

The public health expenditure should be at least 6.6 % of GDP (instead of 3.5 % nowadays) to achieve satisfactory level of the public health.
A scan of the threshold region of the process e + e − → τ + τ − with integrated luminosity about 140 pb −1 was performed with the BES-III detector at the BEPC-II collider

The beam energy was determined by the Compton backscattering method. To verify the measurement accuracy scans of the J /ψ and ψ ′ resonances were performed

in order to measure the τ-lepton mass
Within the semi-empirical model of detonation of monodisperse suspensions of micro and nano-sized aluminum particles, two-dimensional flows in channels are studied by numerical simulations. The problems of the propagation of detonation in a plane channel and a channel with a section of linear expansion are considered. The influence of the particle size on the detonation regimes is analyzed. Analysis of the formation of cellular detonation in a flat channel showed that the irregularity of cellular structures manifests itself in the nanometer range, which is due to an increase in the activation energy of the reduced reaction during the transition from diffusion to kinetic combustion of particles. In the expanding channel, the propagation of detonation is characterized by the formation of a system of transverse waves, the regularity of which is related both to the size of the particles and to the magnitude of the expansion angle. The maps of detonation modes are obtained depending on the parameters: the particle size, the expansion angle, and the width of the output channel.
Recent findings indicate that the microbiome can have a significant impact on the development of lung cancer by inducing inflammatory responses, causing dysbiosis and generating genome damage.

The aim of this study was to search for bacterial markers of squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). In the study, the taxonomic composition of the sputum microbiome of 40 men with untreated LUSC was compared with 40 healthy controls. Next Generation sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes was used to determine the taxonomic composition of the respiratory microbiome. There was no differences in alpha diversity between the LUSC and control groups. Meanwhile, differences in the structure of bacterial communities (β diversity) among patients and controls differed significantly in sputum samples (pseudo-F = 1.65; p = 0.026).

Only Streptococcus , Bacillus , Gemella and Haemophilus were found to be significantly increased in patients with LUSC compared to the control subjects, while 19 bacterial genera were significantly reduced, indicating a decrease in beta diversity in the microbiome of patients with LUSC. From our study, Streptococcus ( Streptococcus agalactiae ) emerges as the most likely LUSC biomarker, but more research is needed to confirm this assumption.
This article describes a fundamentally new method for obtaining gas hydrates, based on self-organization in a closed working section of the cyclic boiling-condensation process of the gas-hydrate generator.

A series of experiments was performed, which shows the effect of the water level on the work site on the hydrate formation process.

A special feature of this method is the high rate of hydrate formation at low energy costs and, as a consequence, the expected efficiency of new technologies built on its basis over analogues.
A search for electroweak production of supersymmetric particles is performed in two-lepton and three-lepton final states using recursive jigsaw reconstruction, a technique that assigns reconstructed objects to the most probable hemispheres of the decay trees, allowing one to construct tailored kinematic variables to separate the signal and background. The search uses data collected in 2015 and 2016 by the ATLAS experiment in $\sqrt{s}=13\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}$ proton-proton collisions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $36.1\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. Chargino-neutralino pair production, with decays via $W/Z$ bosons, is studied in final states involving leptons and jets and missing transverse momentum for scenarios with large and intermediate mass splittings between the parent particle and lightest supersymmetric particle, as well as for the scenario where this mass splitting is close to the mass of the $Z$ boson. The latter case is challenging since the vector bosons are produced with kinematic properties that are similar to those in Standard Model processes. Results are found to be compatible with the Standard Model expectations in the signal regions targeting large and intermediate mass splittings, and chargino-neutralino masses up to 600 GeV are excluded at 95% confidence level for a massless lightest supersymmetric particle. Excesses of data above the expected background are found in the signal regions targeting low mass splittings, and the largest local excess amounts to 3.0 standard deviations.
Native gold and PGM from NW Kuznetsk Alatau (NWKA) (South Siberia, Russia) have been investigated.

Applying the complex of advanced analytical, geo-chemical, and statistical techniques permits determination of motherlode types of noble mineralization (NM). For gold, it is mineralization of three types: 1 – the gold-sulfide-quartz type associated with dykes of the basic composition and fault-line zones (2), as well as the gold-skarn type (3). For PGM it is mineralization of the Ural-Alaskan (1) and the ophiolitic (2) types, as well as multicomponent alloys associated with layered intrusions (3).

The presence of rims and inclusions is indicative of postmagmatic transformations of the minerals. In the meantime, Au and PGM from NW Kuznetsk Alatau placers retain genetic traits of motherlodes.
Modes of evolution of stop codons in protein-coding genes, especially the conservation of UAA, have been debated for many years.

We reconstructed the evolution of stop codons in 40 groups of closely related prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes.

The results indicate that the UAA codons are maintained by purifying selection in all domains of life. In contrast, positive selection appears to drive switches from UAG to other stop codons in prokaryotes but not in eukaryotes. Changes in stop codons are significantly associated with increased substitution frequency immediately downstream of the stop. These positions are otherwise more strongly conserved in evolution compared to sites farther downstream, suggesting that such substitutions are compensatory. Although GC content has a major impact on stop codon frequencies, its contribution to the decreased frequency of UAA differs between bacteria and archaea, presumably, due to differences in their translation termination mechanisms.
We overview recent advances in the spatio-temporal nonlinear dynamics of optical pulses propagating in multimode optical fibers.

The Kerr effect leads to spatial beam self-cleaning in a graded-index multimode optical fiber, followed by sideband series generation spanning multiple octaves. Effectively single mode supercontinuum spanning from the visible to the mid-infrared was also demonstrated. Enhancement of Kerr beam self-cleaning was observed in active fiber with quasi-step index profile.

Moreover, mutual self-cleaning was recently reported for both the fundamental and the second harmonic beams in optically poled multimode fibers with cubic and quadratic nonlinearity.
Using 605 fb−1 of data collected at the Υ(4S) resonance we present a measurement of the inclusive radiative B-meson decay channel, B→Xsγ. For the lower photon energy thresholds of 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, and 2.0 GeV, as defined in the rest frame of the B meson, we measure the partial branching fraction and the mean and variance of the photon energy spectrum. At the 1.7 GeV threshold we obtain the partial branching fraction BF(B→Xsγ)=(3.45±0.15±0.40)×10−4, where the errors are statistical and systematic.Received 8 July 2009DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.241801©2009 American Physical Society
Results from thermochronological studies have multiple applications to various problems in tectonics and landform evolution. However, up to now a lack of thermochronological data from the northeastern Fennoscandian Shield has complicated the interpretation of tectonothermal evolution of the region.

Here, we use both new and previously published multimineral 40 Ar/ 39 Ar data (amphibole, mica, and feldspar) on the various Precambrian magmatic and metamorphic complexes to reconstruct the thermal history of NE Fennoscandia within the Kola Peninsula area in the interval 1900–360 Ma. Using the apatite fission track method as well as a numerical model of the heating‐cooling process of northeastern Fennoscandia's upper crust, we have reconstructed its thermal evolution for the interval 360–0 Ma.

According to our model, since Lapland‐Kola orogenesis (1930–1905 Ma) northeastern Fennoscandia experienced a quasi‐monotonous cooling with the average rate of ~0.15 °C/Myr, which is equal to an exhumation rate of ~1–2 m/Myr. New apatite fission track data and time‐temperature modeling reveal a 'hidden' endogenous thermal event in the NE Fennoscandia that took place between 360 and 300 Ma. This we attribute to an elevated geothermal gradient due to Baltica's drift over the African large low shear‐wave velocity province in the lowest mantle and/or thermal blanketing by insulating Devonian‐Carboniferous sedimentary/volcanic cover. Our model is further supported by evidence of Late Devonian‐Carboniferous rifting in the East and South‐Western Barents Basin, as well as various 360–300 Ma magmatic events within SW Fennoscandia and the Baltic countries.
There are only a dozen representations of fish in parietal art in the world. The one in the Fish Shelter is said to be the oldest of all. This fish figure is so rare and precious that it was almost cut up and sold. This engraving is complex to understand, many details leave researchers perplexed.

A new survey campaign, the first in 30 years, was conducted between 2016 and 2019 to obtain a very detailed geometric model of the shelter, fish and other archaeological evidence present. Just for fish engraving, the photogrammetric model has a resolution of 16 polygons per square millimeter, which enables us to digitally investigate every detail. For this article, we will show how we use Grasshopper, a parametric software well known in architecture, to create two types of maps: a depth map and an incidence map.

These two pieces of information are essential to understand how the engraving was made.
Application of microdissected DNA libraries and DNA probes in numerous and various modern molecular cytogenetic studies showed them as an efficient and reliable tool in the analysis of chromosome reorganization during karyotypic evolution and in the diagnosis of human chromosome pathology. An important advantage of DNA probe generation by metaphase chromosome microdissection followed by sequence-independent polymerase chain reaction in comparison with the method of DNA probe generation using chromosome sorting is the possibility of DNA probe preparation from chromosomes of an individual sample without cell line establishment for the production of a large number of metaphase chromosomes. One of the main requirements for successful application of this technique is a possibility for identification of the chromosome of interest during its dissection and collection of its material from metaphase plates spread on the coverslip.

In the present study, we developed and applied a technique for generation of microdissected DNA probes in the case when chromosome identification during microdissection appeared to be impossible. The technique was used for generation of two sets of Whole Chromosome Paints (WCPs) from all chromosomes of two species of free-living flatworms in the genus Macrostomum, M. mirumnovem and M. cliftonensis. The single-copy chromosome technique including separate collection of all chromosomes from one metaphase plate allowed us to generate WCPs that painted specifically the original chromosome by Chromosome In Situ Suppression Hybridization (CISS-Hybridization). CISS-Hybridization allowed identifying the original chromosome(s) used for DNA probe generation. Pooled WCPs derived from homologous chromosomes increased the intensity and specificity of chromosome painting provided by CISS-Hybridization.

In the result, the obtained DNA probes appeared to be good enough for application in our studies devoted to analysis of karyotypic evolution in the genus Macrostomum and for analysis of chromosome rearrangements among the worms of laboratory cultures of M. mirumnovem.
The article presents a clinical case of a 63-year-old patient with anemia with chronic atrophic gastritis and treatment failure with iron preparations. Using the example of this observation, the errors that occur during the diagnosis and management of patients with autoimmune (corpus atrophic) gastritis (AIG) are analyzed. At the same time, the pathogenesis of AIG and the relationship with Helicobacter pylori ( H. pyloi ) infection are being discussed. The problem of timely diagnosis of AIG and the benefi ts of non-invasive methods for assessing the functional state of the stomach are becoming relevant.
A Gaussian model of a vortex tangle is used to calculate the energy spectrum E(k) of a three-dimensional random velocity field induced by chaotic vortex lines.

It is proposed that the lines have a random-walk structure (Brownian line) with different Hausdorff dimension HD.

It is shown that for a fractal vortex line characterized by HD the energy spectrum has the form E(k)∼kHD−2 for large k and the universal form E(k)∼k2 for small k. The characteristics at short distances from a vortex line are similar to a smooth line.
Nodal and Activin are morphogens of the TGFbeta superfamily of signaling molecules that direct differential cell fate decisions in a dose- and distance-dependent manner. During early embryonic development the Nodal/Activin pathway is responsible for the specification of mesoderm, endoderm, node, and mesendoderm. In contradiction to this drive towards cellular differentiation, the pathway also plays important roles in the maintenance of self-renewal and pluripotency in embryonic and epiblast stem cells. The molecular basis behind stem cell interpretation of Nodal/Activin signaling gradients and the undertaking of disparate cell fate decisions remains poorly understood. Here, we show that any perturbation of endogenous signaling levels in mouse embryonic stem cells leads to their exit from self-renewal towards divergent differentiation programs. Increasing Nodal signals above basal levels by direct stimulation with Activin promotes differentiation towards the mesendodermal lineages while repression of signaling with the specific Nodal/Activin receptor inhibitor SB431542 induces trophectodermal differentiation. To address how quantitative Nodal/Activin signals are translated qualitatively into distinct cell fates decisions, we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation of phospho-Smad2, the primary downstream transcriptional factor of the Nodal/Activin pathway, followed by massively parallel sequencing, and show that phospho-Smad2 binds to and regulates distinct subsets of target genes in a dose-dependent manner. Crucially, Nodal/Activin signaling directly controls the Oct4 master regulator of pluripotency by graded phospho-Smad2 binding in the promoter region. Hence stem cells interpret and carry out differential Nodal/Activin signaling instructions via a corresponding gradient of Smad2 phosphorylation that selectively titrates self-renewal against alternative differentiation programs by direct regulation of distinct target gene subsets and Oct4 expression.