Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Purpose. The article is devoted to the characteristics of a double-edged iron sword, which can be attributed to the unique phenomena of the early Iron Age of the Minusinsk Basin. Results. According to its morphological characteristics, the sword is an increased technological modification of the traditional Tagar dagger. The total length of the sword is 59.5 cm; the width of the lenticular blade in cross-section is about 7 cm. The handle with a volute-like pommel is separated from the blade by a narrow butterfly-shaped crosshair. The length of the hilt is 8 cm, which corresponds to the size of the hilts of most Scythian swords. This is a very small size, since in men the average palm width is about 12 cm. Probably, the rounded outlines of the pommel and narrow crosshairs allow, due to their shape, to hold the short handle of a heavy sword more tightly. Conclusion. According to the classification of O. I. Kura, Scythian swords with a narrow butterfly-shaped crosshair and volute-like pommel are included in Group III, Type II A2 dating from the end of the 5th – 4th centuries BC, which corresponds to the boundary between the Podgorny and Saragashen stages of the Tagar culture. The earliest form of sword hilts with typologically similar forms of crosshairs (kidney-shaped, heart-shaped, butterfly-shaped) with bar-shaped pommels appeared in the North Caucasus in the first half of the 7th century BC. On the territory of the Minusinsk Basin, most morphologically similar daggers are usually dated to the 6th – 4th centuries BC. Before the discovery of the Krasnoyarsk sword, long-bladed iron weapons were not known there. At the same time, swords of the Scythian time were found in the nearest regions of Altai and Kazakhstan. The later appearance of the technology for processing iron in the Minusinsk Basin makes it possible to consider the Krasnoyarsk sword an import item. According to another hypothesis, it belongs to the period of the late 3rd – 2nd centuries BC, when local craftsmen mastered the processing of iron and began to make massive quantities of weapons and tools from low-carbon steel. In doing so, they copied traditional archaic forms.
Eukaryotic genomes are organized in extended domains with distinct features intimately linking genome structure, replication pattern and chromatin state. Recently we identified a set of long late replicating euchromatic regions that are underreplicated in salivary gland polytene chromosomes of D. melanogaster.

Here we demonstrate that these underreplicated regions (URs) have a low density of P-element and piggyBac insertions compared to the genome average or neighboring regions. In contrast, Minos-based transposons show no paucity in URs but have a strong bias to testis-specific genes. We estimated the suppression level in 2,852 stocks carrying a single P-element by analysis of eye color determined by the mini-white marker gene and demonstrate that the proportion of suppressed transgenes in URs is more than three times higher than in the flanking regions or the genomic average. The suppressed transgenes reside in intergenic, genic or promoter regions of the annotated genes.

We speculate that the low insertion frequency of P-elements and piggyBacs in URs partially results from suppression of transgenes that potentially could prevent identification of transgenes due to complete suppression of the marker gene. In a similar manner, the proportion of suppressed transgenes is higher in loci replicating late or very late in Kc cells and these loci have a lower density of P-elements and piggyBac insertions. In transgenes with two marker genes suppression of mini-white gene in eye coincides with suppression of yellow gene in bristles. Our results suggest that the late replication domains have a high inactivation potential apparently linked to the silenced or closed chromatin state in these regions, and that such inactivation potential is largely maintained in different tissues.
Subwavelength hole array (HA) metasurfaces support the so-called extraordinary optical transmission (EOT) resonance that has already been exploited for sensing. In this work, we demonstrate the superior performance of a different resonant regime of HA metasurfaces called anomalous EOT, by doing a thorough numerical and experimental study of its ability in thin-film label-free sensing applications in the terahertz (THz) band. A comprehensive analysis using both the regular and anomalous EOT resonances is done by depositing thin layers of dielectric analyte slabs of different thicknesses on the structures in different scenarios. We carry out a detailed comparison and demonstrate that the best sensing performance is achieved when the structure operates in the anomalous EOT resonance and the analyte is deposited on the non-patterned side of the metasurface, improving by a factor between 2 and 3 the results of the EOT resonance in any of the considered scenarios. This can be explained by the comparatively narrower linewidth of the anomalous EOT resonance. The results presented expand the reach of subwavelength HAs for sensing applications by considering the anomalous EOT regime that is usually overlooked in the literature.
The plant hormone auxin controls many aspects of growth and development. It does so by changing the activity of AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR (ARF) proteins that recognize specific DNA elements in plant genes and switch gene expression on or off. A major question in plant biology is how these ARF proteins bind unique DNA sequences and thus select which genes are regulated by auxin.

Here, the authors systematically study the DNA architecture required for high-affinity binding of ARF proteins, and for auxin-dependent gene regulation in the plant Arabidopsis thaliana.

This work shows that repeats of ARF recognition sites are critical for function, and reveals the molecular basis for the distinct activities of different repeat structures.
The analysis of experimental data on the simultaneous measurement of the thickness and temperature fields in the flowing heated liquid film at Re = 15 is presented. It is shown that increasing heat flux results in more expressed rivulet formation in the lower part of the heater (differential thicknesses in the rivulet and interrivulet area increases from 0.04 mm to 0.11 mm). It was found that the wave amplitude increase in the region where waves interact with the thermocapillary structures.
The present paper reports an application of optical methods, namely PIV, background-oriented-schlieren (BOS) and high-magnification imaging with background illumination to study of dynamics and breakup of 10-100 μm size droplets in continuous supersonic flow terminated by a normal shock wave. Flow diagnostics was performed by means of BOS and PIV. Shadow photography allowed to specify velocity ranges for different droplet sizes and to visualize droplets dynamics and breakup modes. Features of the experimental setup and certain details of implemented measurement system are considered. Results of velocity measurements and droplets behavior, including deformation and breakup, are presented and analysis of experimental conditions and dimensionless parameters affecting the droplets behavior is performed. Distinctive features of deformation and breakup processes of submillimeter scale droplets are revealed.
The present paper studies the generation mechanism of terahertz (THz) radiation from tightly focused femtosecond laser pulses in a gas medium. We measured the angular radiation pattern under different focusing conditions and observed that, with the deepening of focus, the angular radiation pattern changes and optical-to-THz conversion efficiency increases. The analysis of the observed phenomena led to the assumption that the dipole radiation prevails in most cases despite the existing conception regarding the dominating role of the quadrupole mechanism of radiation. Based on these assumptions, the transient photocurrent theory of the phenomenon presented in this paper was developed by us and used for the numerical fit of the experimental data.
Synthesis of nanoparticles has been realized by thermal decomposition of complex organometallic compounds in the detonation front of explosives, where the temperature reaches several thousand degrees. The low concentration of metals in the total mass of the charge leads to the formation of single non-agglomerated nanoparticles deposited on detonation carbon. Depending on the conditions, the rounded nanosized particles of Ni, Ag, Au and Pd are formed according to the data of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy.
The unsteady behaviour of this regime is well reproduced based on the flame dynamics.

We perform Large-eddy simulations of a non-premixed swirling flame in a model of a combustion chamber with a swirling air bulk flow at Re = 15000 and a central pilot low-velocity jet with methane using the Flamelet-generated manifold model.

The distribution of turbulent kinetic energy suggests the presence of intensive vortical structures typical of high-swirl flows similar to the precessing vortex core.
Identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL) and candidate genes that affect growth intensity is a prerequisite for the marker-assisted selection for economically important traits. The number of QTL studies on sheep is relatively small in comparison to those on cattle and pigs. Current QTL Sheep database (Sheep QTLdb) contains information on 1658 QTL for 225 different traits. A few genes and markers associated with growth, carcass and meat productivity traits have been reported. The information about QTLs from the Sheep QTLdb cannot be directly used in marker assisted selection due to the lack of essential information such as effective and reference alleles, the effect direction, etc., and requires manual curation and validation. In this study we performed comprehensive search for QTLs focusing on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with growth and meat traits in sheep. Using 15 different keywords combinations we found 152 papers (including duplicates). Next, all the found papers were manually curated by two researches and filtered by the relevance. We selected the most relevant papers that led to the final list of 17 publications. From these 17 papers we extracted information about associated genes and QTLs (SNPs). We extracted information about associated SNPs with all available information (effect sizes, effective and reference alleles etc). In total we found information about 156 SNP-trait associations (123 unique SNPs). Also we made the list of 164 unique genes associated with growth, carcass and meat productivity traits. As the result we made the database which contains information about 156 SNP-trait associations (123 unique SNPs) and list of 165 associated genes. The updated information is freely available at https://github.com/Defrag1236/Ovines_2018. This information can be useful for further association studies and preliminary estimation of genetic variability for economically important traits in different breeds.
P-type and N-type photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensors were established in the laboratory to discuss the correlation between characteristic substances and photoactive material properties through the photogenerated charge carrier transport mechanism. Four types of human esophageal cancer cells (ECCs) were analyzed without requiring additional bias voltage. Photoelectrical characteristics were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–vis reflectance spectroscopy, and photocurrent response analyses. Results showed that smaller photocurrent was measured in cases with advanced cancer stages. Glutathione (L-glutathione reduced, GSH) and Glutathione disulfide (GSSG) in cancer cells carry out redox reactions during carrier separation, which changes the photocurrent. The sensor can identify ECC stages with a certain level of photoelectrochemical response. The detection error can be optimized by adjusting the number of cells, and the detection time of about 5 min allowed repeated measurement.
Earlier it was shown that male mice of the DD/He strain were highly susceptible to ortho-aminoasotoluene (OAT) induced hepatocarcinogenesis, and resistant to spontaneous liver tumor development as compared to the СС57BR/Mv strain.

In the present work we have made a comparative investigation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), liver X-receptor (LXR) and retinoic X-receptor (RXR) mRNA levels in liver as well as concentrations of corticosterone, glucose, lipids and insulin in blood of male DD/He and СС57BR/Mv mice. Using the multiplex RT-PCR method it was found that PPAR-α, PPAR-γ, RXR-α and RXR-β mRNA content was essentially decreased in the liver of DD mice as compared to mice of the СС57BR strain. No significant interstrain differences of LXR-α and LXR-β mRNA content were found. In DD mice there was more then the 3-fold decrease of blood content of corticosterone, which is involved in PPAR and RXR regulation. DD mice demonstrated a significant decrease in blood serum glucose and insulin concentrations as well as higher reactivity to insulin as compared with СС57BR mice. Elevated blood total cholesterol and cholesterol HDL level were found in DD mice whereas triglyceride content was basically the same in both mouse strains.

It is known that glucocorticoids, PPAR and RXR play crucial role in transcription regulation of inflammation response. Therefore our data allow to suggest that decreased corticosterone level in blood, PPAR and RXR mRNA content in liver of the DD strain may lead to induction of inflammation by OAT exposure, resulting in a high incidence of tumorigenesis in this strain.
Для анализа процессов, происходящих в многофазном потоке в скважине во время добычи углеводородов, были разработаны физические и численные модели.

Представлено детальное описание системы уравнений, ее численной реализации, способов расчета свойств флюида и фазовых переходов в нем, а также замыкающих соотношений для расчета трения и теплообмена в двухфазном потоке. Реализованные модели позволяют моделировать как стационарное распределение параметров по стволу скважины во время добычи, так и нестационарные процессы, реализующиеся, например, при изменении частоты вращения вала насоса во время добычи нефти. Разработанные подходы были внедрены в программное средство DataFlow для анализа гидродинамики многофазных течений углеводородов с учетом теплообмена с породами, окружающими скважину, и фазовых переходов во флюиде.

С использованием программного пакета были проведены тестовые расчеты, демонстрирующие работоспособность предложенных и реализованных моделей.
The paper describes a frequency synthesizer for expanding applications and improving the accuracy of a laser device for measuring ultra-small displacements. Such devices are used to measure Earth’s crust deformations. The specified device allows measuring the increment of lengths based on 25 m in two mutually orthogonal directions. Year-round use of such device in an observatory tunnel inside a mountain, such as, for example, in the Talaya Observatory near Lake Baikal, allows for detailed recording of Earth’s crust deformations by studying the long-term and relatively short-term components of these vibrations.

The device contains two lasers tied to each other in frequency with a frequency difference defined from the outside. The binding is carried out by a phase locked loop system, and a reference sample oscillator forms the external frequency. For some applications, the highest accuracy of the frequency tuning of the reference oscillator is required, which is achieved only by using a frequency synthesizer specially designed for this purpose. The paper describes the main circuit solutions for this synthesizer and the results of its use as part of the specified high-precision laser gauge of displacements and deformations of Earth’s crust.

The main use of these results consists in registering a nonstandard change in the deformations, which can serve as a precursor of earthquakes, which causes the highest relevance of these studies.
Sequence-specific targeting of disease-associated RNAs by new types of chemically modified antisense oligonucleotides with improved physicochemical and biological properties is still in high demand.

miRNA-addressing mesyl phosphoramidate oligonucleotides represent prospective therapeutics since they reveal good bioavailability in tumor tissue, potent and long-lasting antitumor effect, high targeted specificity associated with reactivation of tumor suppressor proteins, and physiological safety.
Host innate immunity is one of the factors that determines the resistance of insects to their entomopathogens. In the research reported here we studied whether or not phenoloxidase (PO), a key enzyme in the melanogenesis component of humoral immunity of insects, plays a role in the protection of Lymantria dispar larvae from infection by L. dispar multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus.

We studied two types of viral infection: overt and covert. The following lines of investigation were tested: i) the intravital individual estimation of baseline PO activity in haemolymph plasma followed by virus challenging; ii) the specific inhibition of PO activity in vivo by peroral treatment of infected larvae with phenylthiourea (PTU), a competitive inhibitor of PO; iii) the evaluation of PO activity in the haemolymph plasma after larval starvation. Starvation is a stress that activates the covert infection to an overt form.

All of these experiments did not show a relationship between PO activity in haemolymph plasma of L. dispar larvae and larval susceptibility to baculovirus. Moreover, starvation-induced activation of covert viral infection to an overt form occurred in 70 percent of virus-carrying larvae against the background of a dramatic increase of PO activity in haemolymph plasma in the insects studied. Our conclusion is that in L. dispar larvae PO activity is not a predictor of host resistance to baculovirus.
Objective: Glioma is a highly invasive tumor, frequently disposed in essential areas of the brain, which makes its surgical excision extremely difficult; meanwhile adjuvant therapy remains quite ineffective. Methods: In the current report, a new therapeutic approach in curing malignant neoplasms has been performed on the U87 human glioblastoma model. This approach, termed "Karanahan", is aimed at the eradication of cancer stem cells (CSCs), which were recently shown to be capable of internalizing fragments of extracellular double-stranded DNA. After being internalized, these fragments interfere in the process of repairing interstrand cross-links caused by exposure to appropriate cytostatics, and such an interference results either in elimination of CSCs or in the loss of their tumorigenic potency. Implementation of the approach requires a scheduled administration of cytostatic and complex composite double-stranded DNA preparation. Results: U87 cells treated in vitro in accordance with the Karanahan approach completely lost their tumorigenicity and produced no grafts upon intracerebral transplantation into immunodeficient mice. In SCID mice with developed subcutaneous grafts, the treatment resulted in reliable slowing down of tumor growth rate (P < 0.05). In the experiment with intracerebral transplantation of U87 cells followed by surgical excision of the developed graft and subsequent therapeutic treatment, the Karanahan approach was shown to reliably slow down the tumor growth rate and increase the median survival of the mice twofold relative to the control. Conclusions: The effectiveness of the Karanahan approach has been demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo in treating developed subcutaneous grafts as well as orthotopic grafts after surgical excision of the tumor.
A new Python-based Particle-In-Cell code is presented. The code uses leapfrog particle pusher. The important feature of our code is that all the particles are pushed at once, thus the code is vectorized to improve performance. Electric field is given by Poisson equation with Least squares solver. The code involves collision simulation by PIC-MC method.

Both large-scale (MPI) and fine-grain parallelization are being used. The implementation is based on the efficient NumPy library in Python language with the help of Dask package to improve Numpy performance. GPU implementation involves PyCUDA and the performance with Intel Xeon processors and Intel Xeon Phi accelerators is supported by high-performance Intel Python.
Tumors of the jaws may represent different human disorders and frequently associate with pathologic bone fractures. In this report, we analyzed two affected siblings from a family of Russian origin, with a history of dental tumors of the jaws, in correspondence to original clinical diagnosis of cementoma consistent with gigantiform cementoma (GC, OMIM: 137575). Whole exome sequencing revealed the heterozygous missense mutation c.1067G > A (p.Cys356Tyr) in ANO5 gene in these patients. To date, autosomal-dominant mutations have been described in the ANO5 gene for gnathodiaphyseal dysplasia (GDD, OMIM: 166260) and multiple recessive mutations have been described in the gene for muscle dystrophies (OMIM: 613319, 611307); the same amino acid (Cys) at the position 356 is mutated in GDD. These genetic data and similar clinical phenotypes demonstrate that the GC and GDD likely represent the same type of bone pathology. Our data illustrate the significance of mutations in single amino-acid position for particular bone tissue pathology. Modifying role of genetic variations in another gene on the severity of the monogenic trait pathology is also suggested. Finally, we propose the model explaining the tissue-specific manifestation of clinically distant bone and muscle diseases linked to mutations in one gene.
Calibration of the absolute energy scale at high-energy photon (gamma-gamma, gamma-electron) colliders is discussed. The luminosity spectrum at photon colliders is broad and has a rather sharp high-energy edge, which can be used, for example, to measure the mass of the Higgs boson in the process gamma-gamma to H or masses of charged scalars by observing the cross-section threshold.

In addition to the precise knowledge of the edge energy of the luminosity spectrum, it is even more important to have a way to calibrate the absolute energy scale of the detector. At first sight, Compton scattering itself provides a unique way to determine the beam energies and produce particles of known energies that could be used for detector calibration. The energy scale is given by the electron mass m_e and laser photon energy \omega_0. However, this does not work at realistic photon colliders due to large nonlinear effects in Compton scattering at the conversion region (\xi^2 \sim 0.3).

It is argued that the process gamma-electron to eZ_0 provides the best way to calibrate the energy scale of the detector, where the energy scale is given by m_Z.
The vacuum polarization in an external gravitational field due to one loop electron-positron pair and one loop millicharged fermion-antifermion pair is studied.

Considering the propagation of electromagnetic (EM) radiation and gravitational waves (GWs) in an expanding universe, it is shown that by taking into account QED effects in curved spacetime. We apply these results to the case of the GW170817 event detected by LIGO.

the propagation velocity of photons is superluminal and can exceed that of gravitons. If the EM radiation and GWs are emitted either simultaneously or with a time difference from the same source, it is shown that the EM radiation while propagating with superluminal velocity, would be detected either in advance or in delay with respect to GW depending on the ratio of millicharged fermion relative charge to mass /m.