Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
This paper examines the effect of mechanical activation on the amorphization of starch having different types of crystalline structure (A-type corn starch; B-type potato starch; and C-type tapioca starch).

Structural properties of the starches were studied by X-ray diffraction analysis. Mechanical activation in a planetary ball mill reduces the degree of crystallinity in proportion to pretreatment duration. Energy consumed to achieve complete amorphization of the starches having different types of crystalline structure was measured. The kinetic parameters of the process (the effective rate constants) were determined.

C-type tapioca starch was found to have the highest degree of crystallinity. The rate constant and the strongest decline in the crystallinity degree after mechanical activation change in the following series: C-type starch, A-type starch, and B-type starch.
For families of all theories of arbitrary given languages we describe ranks and degrees.

In particular, we characterize (non-)totally transcendental families.

We apply these characterizations for the families of all theories of given languages, with models of given finite or infinite cardinality.
Such diamonds are characterized by a complex growth history with stages of growth and dissolution and postgrowth processes of deformation and crushing. The nitrogen content in all studied crystals does not exceed 71 ppm and nitrogen is detected only as B-defects. The carbon isotope composition of diamonds varies widely from -26.5 to -6.7 ‰ of δ13С.

The specific features of the mineralogy of SiO2 inclusions in sublithospheric diamonds are described in this study. SiO2 inclusions associate with omphacitic clinopyroxenes, majoritic garnets, CaSiO3, jeffbenite and ferropericlase. All SiO2 inclusions are coesite, which is often accompanied by micro-blocks of kyanite.

These phases are suggested to represent the product of the retrograde transformation of the primary Al-stishovite. Significant internal stresses in the inclusions and deformations around them can be evidence of thise phase transformation. The heavier oxygen isotope composition of SiO2 inclusions in sublithospheric diamonds (up to 12.9 δ18O) indicates the crustal origin of their protoliths. The observed anti-correlation of δ18O of SiO2 inclusions and δ13C of their host diamonds reflects the processes of interaction of slab-derived melts with reduced mantle rocks at depths above 270 km.
Weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is a critical step of any cardiac surgical procedure and often requires pharmacologic intervention. Calcium ions are pivotal elements for the excitation-contraction coupling process of cardiac myocytes. Thus, calcium administration might be helpful during weaning from CPB.We describe a multicenter, placebo-controlled, double blind randomized clinical trial to assess the effect of calcium chloride on the need for inotropic support among adult patients during weaning from CPB. The experimental group (409 patients) will receive 15 mg/kg of calcium chloride. The control group (409 patients) will receive an equivalent volume of 0.9% sodium chloride. Both drugs will be administered intravenously as a bolus at the beginning of weaning from CPB.The primary outcome will be the need for inotropic support between termination of CPB and completion of surgery. Secondary outcomes will be: duration of inotropic support, vasoactive-inotropic score 30 min after transfer to intensive care unit and on postoperative day 1, plasma alpha-amylase on postoperative day 1, plasma Ca2+ concentration immediately before and 10-15 min after calcium chloride administration, non-fatal myocardial infarction, blood loss on postoperative day 1, need for transfusion of red blood cells, signs of myocardial ischemia on electrocardiogram after arrival to intensive care unit, all-cause mortality at 30 days or during hospital stay if this is longer than 30 days.This trial is designed to assess whether intravenous calcium chloride administration could reduce the need for inotropic support after cardiopulmonary bypass weaning among adults undergoing cardiac surgery.
Related DatabasesWeb of Science You must be logged in with an active subscription to view this.Article DataHistorySubmitted: 5 June 2020Accepted: 24 June 2021Published online: 14 September 2021Keywordsnonautonomous first-order hyperbolic systems, reflection boundary conditions, finite time stabilization, stabilization criteria, robustnessAMS Subject Headings35B40, 93D20, 93D40, 35L04, 37L15
We present improved measurements of the branching fractions for the decays B0 --> Ds+pi- and B0-bar --> Ds+K- using a data sample of 657x10^6 BB-bar events collected at the Y(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e+e- collider. The results are BF(B0 --> Ds+pi-) = (1.99 +/- 0.26 +/- 0.18)x10^-5 and BF(B0-bar --> Ds+K-) = (1.91 +/- 0.24 +/- 0.17)x10^-5, where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. Based on these results, we determine the ratio between amplitudes of the doubly Cabibbo suppressed decay B0 --> D+pi- and the Cabibbo favored decay B0 --> D-pi+, R_Dpi = [1.71 +/- 0.11(stat) +/- 0.09(syst) +/- 0.02(theo)]%, where the last term denotes the theory error.
Using data collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy $e^+e^-$ collider, we measure the energy dependence of the $e^+e^- \to h_b(nP)\pi^+\pi^-$ $(n=1,2)$ cross sections from thresholds up to $11.02\,$GeV. We find clear $\Upsilon(10860)$ and $\Upsilon(11020)$ peaks with little or no continuum contribution. We study the resonant substructure of the $\Upsilon(11020) \to h_b(nP)\pi^+\pi^-$ transitions and find evidence that they proceed entirely via the intermediate isovector states $Z_b(10610)$ and $Z_b(10650)$. The relative fraction of these states is loosely constrained by the current data: the hypothesis that only $Z_b(10610)$ is produced is excluded at the level of 3.3 standard deviations, while the hypothesis that only $Z_b(10650)$ is produced is not excluded at a significant level.
We previously showed that mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1 (plastoquinonyl-decyltriphenylphosphonium) at nanomolar concentrations is capable of preventing and slowing down some cerebral dysfunctions in accelerated-senescence OXYS rats. Here we
To study the mechanisms underlying developmental pattern formation in a tissue, one needs to analyze the dynamics of the regulators in time and space across the tissue of a specific architecture. This problem is essential for the developmental regulators (morphogens) that distribute over the tissues anisotropically, forming there maxima and gradients and guiding cellular processes in a dose-dependent manner.

Here we present the PlantLayout pipeline for MATLAB software, which facilitates the computational studies of tissue patterning. With its help, one can build a structural model of a two-dimensional tissue, embed it into a mathematical model in ODEs, perform numerical simulations, and visualize the obtained results - everything on the same platform. PlantLayout allows studying the dynamics and the output of gene networks guided by the developmental regulator in specific cells. One of the obstacles that PlantLayout removes semi-automatically is the determination of the cell wall orientation which is relevant when cells in the tissue have a polarity. Additionally, PlantLayout allows automatically extracting other quantitative and qualitative features of the cells and the cell walls, which might help in the modeling of a developmental pattern, such as the length and the width of the cell walls, the set of the neighboring cells, cell volume and cell perimeter.

As a result, one can study the concentration dynamics of developmental regulators over the cell layout reconstructed from the real tissue. The gene networks could be different for different cell types. We demonstrate PlantLayout performance on the model of phytohormone auxin distribution over the plant root tip.
Localization of a set of chimeric GFP proteins in D. melanogaster spermatogenesis has been studied. In the collection used, the proteins with detectable germ-line expression frequently occur to be involved in mRNA maturation. According to the cellular localization, proteins fall into three groups, namely, the protein Rtc1, involved in splicing, displays an exclusively nuclear localization; the proteins Squid (splicing and mRNA transport), Pabp2 (polyadenylation), and Hrb98DE (splicing and mRNA transport) change their localization during germ-line development; and the protein Imp (mRNA localization) is located exclusively in the cytoplasm. The distribution of Rtc1, Squid and Hrb98DE in the spermatocyte nuclei is morphologically similar to the distribution of splicing bodies, the so-called splicing factor compartments. The proteins Imp and Hrb98DE at the stage of elongation are localized to a specialized structure in the caudal region of cyst; this region corresponds to the site of the highest synthetic activity in the cyst cells at this developmental stage.
This study is based on the full data sample of 711 fb−1 (772×106B¯B pairs) collected at the Υ(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB collider.

We report the first observation of B0→X(3872)(K+π−) and evidence for B+→X(3872)(K0π+). We measure the product of branching fractions for the former to be B(B0→X(3872)(K+π−))×B(X(3872)→J/ψπ+π−)=(7.9±1.3(stat)±0.4(syst))×10−6 and find that B0→X(3872)K∗(892)0 does not dominate the B0→X(3872)K+π− decay mode. We also measure B(B+→X(3872)(K0π+))×B(X(3872)→J/ψπ+π−)=(10.6±3.0(stat)±0.9(syst))×10−6.
Recently a classification of contactly-nonequivalent three-dimensional linearly degenerate equations of the second order was presented by E.V. Ferapontov and J. Moss. The equations are Lax-integrable. In our paper we prove that all these equations are connected with each other by appropriate Bäcklund transformations.
We present a 3-D model of P and S velocities beneath El Hierro Island, constructed using the traveltime data of more than 13 000 local earthquakes recorded by the Instituto Geográfico Nacional (IGN, Spain) in the period from 2011 July to 2012 September.

The velocity models were performed using the LOTOS code for iterative passive source tomography. The results of inversion were thoroughly verified using different resolution and robustness tests.

The results reveal that the majority of the onshore area of El Hierro is associated with a high-velocity anomaly observed down to 10–12-km depth. This anomaly is interpreted as the accumulation of solid igneous rocks erupted during the last 1 Myr and intrusive magmatic bodies. Below this high-velocity pattern, we observe a low-velocity anomaly, interpreted as a batch of magma coming from the mantle located beneath El Hierro. The boundary between the low- and high-velocity anomalies is marked by a prominent seismicity cluster, thought to represent anomalous stresses due to the interaction of the batch of magma with crust material. The areas of recent eruptions, Orchilla and La Restinga, are associated with low-velocity anomalies surrounding the main high-velocity block. These eruptions took place around the island where the crust is much weaker than the onshore area and where the melted material cannot penetrate.
We consider the extension of the Standard Model with an extra scalar S which decays can be responsible for the diphoton excess with invariant mass ~ 750 GeV observed at the 13 TeV LHC run.

Two scenarios of S production are considered: gluon fusion through a loop of heavy isosinglet quark(s) and photon fusion through a loop of heavy isosinglet leptons.

In the second case many heavy leptons are needed or/and they should have large electric charges in order to reproduce experimental data on σpp→sx·Br(S → γγ)
We report recent results on τ lepton physics obtained with the Belle detector.

They include a search for lepton-flavor-violating decays τ → lhh′, a high-precision measurement of the τ lepton lifetime and a study of the hadronic decays with the [Formula: see text] in the final state.
Docking and quantum-chemical methods have been used for screening of drug-like compounds from the own database of the Voronezh State University to find inhibitors the SARS-CoV-2 main protease, an important enzyme of the coronavirus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. Using the SOL program more than 42000 3D molecular structures were docked into the active site of the main protease, and more than 1000 ligands with most negative values of the SOL score were selected for further processing. For all these top ligands, the protein-ligand binding enthalpy has been calculated using the PM7 semiempirical quantum-chemical method with the COSMO implicit solvent model. 20 ligands with the most negative SOL scores and the most negative binding enthalpies have been selected for further experimental testing. The latter has been made by measurements of the inhibitory activity against the main protease and suppression of SARS-CoV-2 replication in a cell culture. The inhibitory activity \of the compounds was determined using a synthetic fluorescently labeled peptide substrate including the proteolysis site of the main protease. The antiviral activity was tested against SARS-CoV-2 virus in the Vero cell culture. Eight compounds showed inhibitory activity against the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 in the submicromolar and micromolar ranges of the IC50 values. Three compounds suppressed coronavirus replication in the cell culture at the micromolar range of EC50 values and had low cytotoxicity. The found chemically diverse inhibitors can be used for optimization in order to obtain a leader compound, the basis of new direct-acting antiviral drugs against the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus.
Transition form factors γ* → γf2 (1270) and γ* → γa2 (1320) and corresponding e+e− → γ* → f2γ and e+e− → γ* → a2γ cross sections are considered up to high energies.

It is shown that the QCD asymptotics of the amplitudes of the e+e− → γ* → f2γ and e+e− → γ* → a2γ reactions can be reached only by taking into account a compensation of contributions of ρ(770), ω(782) with contributions of their radial excitations. Recent BABAR measurement of the e+e− → f2γ → π+π−γ cross section at 10.58 GeV gives hope for detailed investigation of the γ*(s) → f2γ and γ*(s) → a2γ transition form factors at high energy region. Recent Belle data on the γ*(Q2)γ → f2 transition up to Q2 = 30 GeV2 are taken into account.

Recent BABAR measurement of the e+e− → f2γ → π+π−γ cross section at 10.58 GeV gives hope for detailed investigation of the γ*(s) → f2γ and γ*(s) → a2γ transition form factors at high energy region.
Sturgeons seem to be frozen in time. The archaic characteristics of this ancient fish lineage place it in a key phylogenetic position at the base of the ~30,000 modern teleost fish species. Moreover, sturgeons are notoriously polyploid, providing unique opportunities to investigate the evolution of polyploid genomes.

We assembled a high-quality chromosome-level reference genome for the sterlet, Acipenser ruthenus. Our analysis revealed a very low protein evolution rate that is at least as slow as in other deep branches of the vertebrate tree, such as that of the coelacanth.

We uncovered a whole-genome duplication that occurred in the Jurassic, early in the evolution of the entire sturgeon lineage. Following this polyploidization, the rediploidization of the genome included the loss of whole chromosomes in a segmental deduplication process. While known adaptive processes helped conserve a high degree of structural and functional tetraploidy over more than 180 million years, the reduction of redundancy of the polyploid genome seems to have been remarkably random.
The psychopathological features of patients with excoriated acne are analysed.

An integrative anxiety test among 43 patients (mean age 24.7±7.1 years) demonstrated borderline values and a high level of personal anxiety in 46.5% of cases; assessment according to the Beck Depression Inventory revealed subdepression among 25.6% and depression among 13.9% of patients; the Global Severity Index (GSI) of the Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL-90-R) was in the zone of elevated and high values among 31.1% of patients.

The greatest deviations from the norm were observed in the areas of interpersonal sensitivity among 34.9% of patients; dev phobic anxiety – 30.2%; paranoia – 30.2%; while somatisation of complaints was observed among 27.9% of patients. The obsessive-compulsive subscale exceeded normative values among 21% of patients.
Experimental data on the evolution of artificial controlled travelling disturbances in a three-dimensional supersonic boundary layer on a 45° swept wing at Mach number 2.0 is presented. Artificial disturbances were introduced in the boundary layer using a periodical glow discharge with a frequency of 20 kHz. Pulsations of the boundary layer were measured with a constant-temperature hot-wire anemometer and the probe moved parallel and not parallel to the leading edge of the model. In both cases spatial-temporal and spectral-wave characteristics of the wave train development were obtained and quantitatively compared with each other. This paper discusses the suitability of the method for measuring fluctuations fields when the probe is moving not parallel to the leading edge of the model.
Nowadays, a variety of data-compressors (or archivers) is available, each of which has its merits, and it is impossible to single out the best ones. Thus, one faces the problem of choosing the best method to compress a given file, and this problem is more important the larger is the file. It seems natural to try all the compressors and then choose the one that gives the shortest compressed file, then transfer (or store) the index number of the best compressor (it requires log m bits, if m is the number of compressors available) and the compressed file. The only problem is the time, which essentially increases due to the need to compress the file m times (in order to find the best compressor).

We suggest a method of data compression whose performance is close to optimal, but for which the extra time needed is relatively small: the ratio of this extra time and the total time of calculation can be limited, in an asymptotic manner, by an arbitrary positive constant. In short, the main idea of the suggested approach is as follows: in order to find the best, try all the data compressors, but, when doing so, use for compression only a small part of the file. Then apply the best data compressors to the whole file.

Note that there are many situations where it may be necessary to find the best data compressor out of a given set. In such a case, it is often done by comparing compressors empirically. One of the goals of this work is to turn such a selection process into a part of the data compression method, automating and optimizing it.
The subject of the study is axisymmetric channel with a hemispherical bottom. The compressed air flows into the channel through the holes located on the surface of the hemispherical bottom. The ratio of all holes area to the outlet area of the channel is equal to 0.25.

The experimental and numerical study of jets intersecting at a single point is performed. The countermoving jets and the focused jets are investigated. The distribution of pressure over the surface of the channel and the total pressure at the output of the channel are obtained.

The main experimental result is as follows: the total pressure recovery coefficient for the focused jets is twice more than that for the countermoving jets.
We present a measurement of form-factor-independent angular observables in the decay ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{*}(892{)}^{0}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$.

The analysis is based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $1.0\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, collected by the LHCb experiment in $pp$ collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV. Four observables are measured in six bins of the dimuon invariant mass squared ${q}^{2}$ in the range $0.1<{q}^{2}<19.0\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{GeV}}^{2}/{c}^{4}$.

Agreement with recent theoretical predictions of the standard model is found for 23 of the 24 measurements. A local discrepancy, corresponding to 3.7 Gaussian standard deviations is observed in one ${q}^{2}$ bin for one of the observables. Considering the 24 measurements as independent, the probability to observe such a discrepancy, or larger, in one is 0.5%.
The efficacy in 1H Overhauser dynamic nuclear polarization in liquids at ultralow magnetic field (ULF, B0 = 92 ± 0.8 µT) and polarization field (Bp = 1-10 mT) was studied for a broad variety of 26 different spin probes. Among others, piperidine, pyrrolidine, and pyrroline radicals specifically synthesized for this study, along with some well-established commercially available nitroxides, were investigated. Isotope-substituted variants, some sterically shielded reduction-resistant nitroxides, and some biradicals were included in the measurements. The maximal achievable enhancement, Emax, and the radio frequency power, P1/2, needed for reaching Emax/2 were measured. Physico-chemical features such as molecular weight, spectral linewidth, heterocyclic structure, different types of substituents, deuteration, and 15N-labeling as well as the difference between monoradicals and biradicals were investigated. For the unmodified nitroxide radicals, the Emax values correlate with the molecular weight. The P1/2 values correlate with the spectral linewidth and are additionally influenced by the type of substituents neighboring the nitroxide group. The nitroxide biradicals with high intramolecular spin-spin coupling show low performance. Nitroxides enriched with 15N and/or 2H afford significantly higher |Emax| and require lower power to do so, compared to their unmodified counterparts containing at natural abundance predominantly 14N and 1H. The results allow for a correlation of chemical features with physical hyperpolarization-related properties and indicate that small nitroxides with narrow spectral lines have clear advantages for the use in Overhauser dynamic nuclear polarization experiments. Perdeuteration and 15N-labeling can be used to additionally boost the spin probe performance.
The novel giant Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteriophage PaBG was isolated from a water sample of the ultrafreshwater Lake Baikal. We report the complete genome sequence of this Myoviridae bacteriophage, comprising 258,139 bp of double-stranded DNA containing 308 predicted open reading frames.
Proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration has been demonstrated in simulations to be capable of accelerating particles to the energy frontier in a single stage, but its potential is hindered by the fact that currently available proton bunches are orders of magnitude longer than the plasma wavelength. Fortunately, proton micro-bunching allows driving plasma waves resonantly. In this paper, we propose using a hollow plasma channel for multiple proton bunch driven plasma wakefield acceleration and demonstrate that it enables the operation in the nonlinear regime and resonant excitation of strong plasma waves. This new regime also involves beneficial features of hollow channels for the accelerated beam (such as emittance preservation and uniform accelerating field) and long buckets of stable deceleration for the drive beam. The regime is attained at a proper ratio among plasma skin depth, driver radius, hollow channel radius, and micro-bunch period.