Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
This work evaluates the effectiveness of the Two-Fluid Model (TFM) to simulate gas flows with dense particles by using a simplified Fluidized Bed as a test case. The overarching objective is to check the prediction accuracy of the TFM Model. This document includes the simulations performed using two drag models, namely Gidaspow and Syamlal-O'Brien, using Ansys Fluent 18.1. The bubble evolution as well as the time-averaged volume-fraction distributions have been compared with prior simulations conducted using MFIX, Barracuda and also with experimental data found in literature. Though the low computational requirements and capability to produce reasonable time-averaged results makes TFM a better choice for industrial applications, the low prediction accuracy for the instantaneous quantities often renders it unsuitable for more scientifically demanding studies. Hence, this work aims at a critical evaluation of the TFM model for the specified test problem.
This paper presents the study of the author’s style of A.S. Pushkin based on the comparison of his poetic texts with the texts of contemporary poets. The purpose of this study is to determine the features of the author’s style of A.S. Pushkin using machine learning methods. This paper describes the construction of several classifications based on different groups of features, as well as the classification based on a combined set of features from different groups. The quality of all constructed classifications is also analyzed; special attention is paid to the interpretation of the neural network solution and the identification of features of the author’s style.
We calculate impact factors for Reggeon-gluon transition in supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory with four supercharges at large number of colours Nc.

In the next-to-leading order impact factors are not uniquely defined and must accord with BFKL kernels and energy scales. We obtain the impact factor corresponding to the kernel and the energy evolution parameter, which is invariant under Moebius transformation in momentum space,

and show that it is also Moebius invariant up to terms taken into account in the BDS ansatz.
We report measurements of the decays B- -> Ds(*)+ K- l- nubar in a data sample containing 657x10^6 BBbar pairs collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e+e- collider.

We observe a signal with a significance of 6 sigma for the combined Ds and Ds* modes and find the first evidence of the B- -> Ds+ K- l- nubar decay with a significance of 3.4 sigma.

We measure the following branching fractions: BF(B- -> Ds+ K- l nubar) = (0.30 +/- 0.09(stat) +0.11 -0.08(syst)) x 10^-3 and BF(B- -> Ds*+ K- l- nubar) = (0.59 +/- 0.12(stat) +/- 0.15(syst)) x 10^-3 and set an upper limit BF(B- -> Ds*+ K- l- nubar) < 0.56 x 10^-3 at the 90% confidence level. We also present the first measurement of the Ds+K- invariant mass distribution in these decays, which is dominated by a prominent peak around 2.6 GeV/c^2.
This study investigated the relationship between two subspecies of the Citellophilus tesquorum flea, C. t. altaicus and C. t. sungaris, which are vectors of the bacterium Yersinia pestis that causes human plague across the vast territories of the Palearctic.

Adult fleas were collected from 16 localities and 11 populations in 2019 and 2020. Specimens were morphologically verified for subspecies status and analysed for mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) DNA, nuclear ribosomal cluster internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) and ITS2, and Wolbachia-infection status.

Our results demonstrated a genetic difference between C. t. altaicus and C. t. sungaris. According to mitochondrial data, the genetic distance between clades of C. t. altaicus and C. t. sungaris was comparable with the species divergence of the genus Callopsylla, which is closely related to Citellophilus. All studied populations of C. t. altaicus were Wolbachia-infected, whereas all studied populations of C. t. sungaris were symbiont-free. Data for ITS1 and ITS2 had much lower phylogenetic signals than mitochondrial data; however, diagnostic substitutions for C. t. altaicus and C. t. sungaris delimitation were also revealed. Analysis of a hardly accessible report on cross experiments allowed us to conclude the partial postzygotic isolation between these subspecies. Taken together, the molecular-genetic, geographical, morphological, and reproductive isolation findings verified that C. t. altaicus and C. t. sungaris subspecies could be considered as different species.
An infinite permutation is a linear order on the set N. We study the properties of infinite permutations generated by fixed points of some uniform binary morphisms, and find the formula for their complexity.
Molybdenum octahedral clusters, when incorporated into an appropriate polymer matrix, are considered as promising agents for a range of biological applications.

This work describes the one-pot synthesis, morphology and cellular toxicity of nano-sized polystyrene beads doped with luminescent cluster complexes [{Mo6X8}(NO3)6]2− (X = Cl, Br or I). Specifically, the particles were obtained by free radical dispersion copolymerisation of styrene and methacrylic acid or 4-vinylpyridine in the presence of the cluster complexes.

The effects of the cluster loading in the reaction mixture on both the content of the final material and number-average molar mass of the copolymers were evaluated.
Russell is a logical framework for the specification and implementation of deductive systems.It is a high-level language with respect to Metamath language [7], so inherently it uses a Metamath foundations, i.e. it doesn't rely on any particular formal calculus, but rather is a pure logical framework.The main difference with Metamath is in the proof language and approach to syntax: the proofs have a declarative form, i.e. consist of actual expressions, which are used in proofs, while syntactic grammar rules are separated from the meaningful rules of inference.Russell is implemented in c++14 and is distributed under GPL v3 license.The repository contains translators from Metamath to Russell and back.Original Metamath theorem base (almost 30 000 theorems) can be translated to Russell, verified, translated back to Metamath and verified with the original Metamath verifier.Russell can be
There has recently been a dramatic renewal of interest in the subjects of hadron spectroscopy and charm physics. This renaissance has been driven in part by the discovery of a plethora of charmonium-like $XYZ$ states at BESIII and $B$ factories, and the observation of an intriguing proton-antiproton threshold enhancement and the possibly related $X(1835)$ meson state at BESIII, as well as the threshold measurements of charm mesons and charm baryons. We present a detailed survey of the important topics in tau-charm physics and hadron physics that can be further explored at BESIII over the remaining lifetime of BEPCII operation. This survey will help in the optimization of the data-taking plan over the coming years, and provides physics motivation for the possible upgrade of BEPCII to higher luminosity.
We start with conditions on parameters of graphs and colorings that are necessary for their existence. Next we observe known constructions of perfect colorings

propose some new ones giving new parameters

deduce which parameters of colorings are covered by these constructions and give tables of admissible parameters of $2$-colorings in Hamming graphs $H(n,q)$ for small $n$ and $q$. Using the connection with perfect colorings, we construct an orthogonal array OA(2048,7,4,5)
Regular operation of the VEPP-2000 electron-positron collider started at the end of 2010 and about 60 pb−1 were collected so far by the CMD-3 detector in the whole available c.m. energy range from 0.32 GeV to 2.0 GeV. One of the main goals of the experiments at VEPP-2000 is a sub-percent measurement of the e+e− → π+π− cross-section. Here we present the overview of the data analysis techniques and the preliminary results of this measurement.
Auxin response factors (ARFs), together with auxin/indole acetic acid proteins (Aux/IAAs), are transcription factors that play key roles in regulating auxin-responsive transcription in plants. Current models for auxin signaling predict that auxin response is dependent on ARF-Aux/IAA interactions mediated by the related protein-protein interaction domain (i.e., referred to as the CTD) found in the ARF and Aux/IAA C-terminal regions. When auxin concentrations in a cell are low, ARF activators residing on the promoters of auxin response genes are thought to be inactive because of the association with dominant Aux/IAA repressors. When auxin concentrations are elevated, the Aux/IAA repressors are recruited to auxin receptors and degraded via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Destruction of the Aux/IAA repressors allows the ARF activators to function in derepressing/activating auxin response genes. While this auxin signaling pathway is simple and attractive, it is unclear whether auxin-regulated gene expression is solely dependent on ARF-Aux/IAA interactions.

Here we show that auxin can affect the expression of auxin response genes in a manner that is independent of the ARF activator CTD.

auxin can affect the expression of auxin response genes in a manner that is independent of the ARF activator CTD.
A search for the process e + e − → D *0 (2007) has been performed with the CMD-3 detector at the VEPP-2000 e + e − -collider. Two main decay modes of the D *0 (2007) decay, D 0 π 0 and D 0 γ, followed by D 0 → K + π − π + π − are used in this analysis. With an integrated luminosity of 3.7 pb −1 collected at the center-of-mass energy E c.m. =2006.62 MeV our preliminary upper limit is B D* 0 → e + e − <1.6× 10 −6 at 90%C.L.
Ce 0.5 Zr 0.5 O 2 mixed oxides were prepared in a flow reactor in supercritical isopropanol with acetylacetone as a complexing agent. Variation of the nature of the Zr salt and the temperature of synthesis affected the phase composition, morphology and specific surface area of oxides.

X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy studies revealed formation of metastable t” and t’ phases. Oxides are comprised of agglomerates with sizes depending on the synthesis parameters. Loading NiO decreases the specific surface area without affecting X-ray particle sizes of supports. Such sintering was the most pronounced for a support with the highest specific surface area, which resulted in the lowest surface content of Ni as estimated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and in the formation of flattened NiO particles partially embedded into the support.

The catalytic activity and stability of these samples in the dry reforming of methane were determined by the surface concentration of Ni and the morphology of its particle controlled by the metal-support interaction, which also depends on the type of catalyst pretreatment. Samples based on ceria-zirconia oxides prepared under these conditions provide a higher specific catalytic activity as compared with the traditional Pechini route, which makes them promising for the practical application.
The AlN phase transition on the (0001) Al 2 O 3 surface was investigated. It was experimentally estimated that the AlN formation rate as a function of temperature has a different character in two temperature regions. In the region of relatively low temperatures ( T < 1210 K), the AlN formation rate is limited by chemical reactions. At higher temperatures ( T > 1210 K), the formation of an ordered AlN phase is determined by a continuous two-dimensional phase transition within the filled AlN-lattice-gas cells formed on the sapphire surface. A three-parameter isotherm is proposed to describe the process. The observed phase transition in the AlN lattice gas is a continuous phase transition or a second-order transition.
Differences in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes between mother and foetus is considered as an important factor in prenatal embryo development, whereas the impact of such dissimilarity on the phenotype of the mature progeny is unclear.

Transplantation of two-cell mouse embryos into recipient females of the different MHC (H2) genotypes was used as an approach to simulate three variants of the immunogenic mother-foetus interaction... The study was performed on the specific pathogen-free mouse, inbred strains C57BL/6J, NOD SCID and BALB/c... For statistical analyses, ANCOVA, post hoc least significant difference (LSD) test, Student's t-test, Spearman rank correlations and χ2 test were performed.

Our experimental data demonstrate that the transfer of inbred embryos to surrogate mothers of the different genotypes is a prospective experimental model for the study of epigenetic effects of the immunogenetic interactions between mother and foetus... In particular, immunocompetence of the surrogate mother along with genetic distance of her MHC alleles to the transferred embryos have a significant impact on offspring development.
A plane cathode composed of close-packed hexagonal LaB6 (lanthanum hexaboride) segments is described. The 6 cm diameter circular cathode is heated by radiation from a graphite foil flat spiral. The cathode along with a hollow copper anode is used for the arc discharge plasma production in a newly developed linear plasma device. A separately powered coil located around the anode is used to change the magnetic field strength and geometry in the anode region. Different discharge regimes were realized using this coil.
A study of indirect CP violation in D0 mesons through the determination of the parameter AΓ is presented using a data sample of pp collisions, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb(-1), collected with the LHCb detector and recorded at the center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV at the LHC. The parameter AΓ is the asymmetry of the effective lifetimes measured in decays of D0 and D0 mesons to the CP eigenstates K- K+ and π- π+. Fits to the data sample yield AΓ(KK)=(-0.35±0.62±0.12)×10(-3) and AΓ(ππ)=(0.33±1.06±0.14)×10(-3), where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. The results represent the world's best measurements of these quantities. They show no difference in AΓ between the two final states and no indication of CP violation.
Chemical reduction of [1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4‐ c ][1,2,5]thiadiazole ( 2 ) with 1,1,2,2‐tetrakis(dimethylamino)ethene ( 3 ) leads to the [ 3 ] 2+ [ 1 2 ] 2– salt ( 4 ) whose X‐ray crystal structure reveals diamagnetic π‐dimers of the [1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4‐ c ][1,2,5]thiadiazolidyl radical anion ( 1 ). The interplanar separation of 324.5 pm in the [ 1 2 ] 2– dimers is significantly shorter than the sum of the isotropic van der Waals radii of two S atoms of 348–358 pm. CASSCF calculations suggest that the largest contributor to the singlet ground state of these π‐dimers is the closed‐shell electronic configuration, although a noticeable contribution from a configuration with a singlet biradical character was also found. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Alkali metal promoters have been widely employed for preparation of heterogeneous catalysts used in many industrially important reactions. However, the fundamentals of their effects are usually difficult to access.

Herein, we unravel mechanistic and kinetic aspects of the role of alkali metals in CO
Self-assembly reactions of Na2WO4, SeO2/SeO32–, and [Mo2O2(μ-S)2(H2O)6]2+ give, depending on the pH value, two new large polyoxometalate complexes: i.e., [(γ-Se2W14O52)3(Mo2O2(μ-S)2(H2O)2)6]24– (1) isolated at pH 3.5 and [(γ-Se2W14O52)4(WO3(H2O))8(W2O5)2(W4O12)2(Mo2O2(μ-S)2(H2O)2)4(Mo2O2(μ-S)2(SeO3))4]36– (2) isolated at pH 2.

Both compounds were characterized in the solid state by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, EDX, elemental analysis, TGA, and FT-IR and in solution by ESI-MS and NMR.
The composites of betulin diacetate and betulin dipropionate with aerosil were obtained by mechanochemical methods.The physico-chemical properties of the composites were studied.The composites are characterized by increased concentration of betulin diacetate and betulin dipropionate at dissolution in water.
Family of "breathing crystals" is the polymer-chain complexes of Cu(hfac)2 with nitroxides. The polymer chains consist of one-, two- or three-spin clusters. The "breathing crystals" experience simultaneous magnetic and Jahn-Teller type structural phase transitions with change of total cluster spin and drastic change of bond lengths (ca. 10-12%).

For the first time the intra-cluster magnetic couplings in "breathing crystals" have been calculated both by band structure methods GGA + U and hybrid DFT (B3LYP and PBE0) for the isolated exchange clusters. The temperature dependence of the magnetic coupling constant was calculated for two polymer-chain compounds of the "breathing crystal" family - C21H19CuF12N4O6 with the chains containing two-spin clusters and C22H21CuF12N4O6 with the chains of alternating three-spin clusters and one-spin sites. It was found that adding a Hubbard-like parameter not only to the copper 3d electrons but also to the oxygen 2p electrons (GGA + Ud + Up approach) results in an improved description of exchange coupling in the "breathing crystal" compounds.

At the same time treatment of the isolated clusters by a large basis hybrid DFT with high computational cost provides a similar quality fit of the experimental magneto-chemical data as that for the GGA + Ud + Up band structure calculation scheme. Our calculations also showed that in spite of the abrupt transformation of the magnetic coupling constant under the phase transition, the band gap in the "breathing crystals" remains about the same value with temperature decrease.
Broadband wavelength tuneability can ensure a new level of versatility for laser systems and extend areas of their applications. Principle limitations of achieving wide tuning wavelength ranges are generally defined by the spectral bandwidth of the gain and traditional tuneability techniques, relying on electrically controlled or bulk filters, reducing laser efficiency and generation stability. In this work, we present nearly 90 nm tuneability in ultrafast Tm-doped fibre laser within the span from 1873 to 1962 nm by implementing variable feedback for efficient control of the excitation level of the active medium and, hence, the gain spectrum. The highest laser efficiency is observed with 20% feedback, generating 580-fs soliton pulses at 1877 nm central wavelength with 1.5 nJ output pulse energy. By combining the nonlinear Shrodinger equation and population inversion rate equations for the gain medium, the developed numerical model helps to unveil nonlinear pulse evolution under the influence of dynamically varying gain spectrum. The resulting laser system presents a compact and straightforward approach to achieve laser generation with a broad range tuneability of wavelength and operation regimes, which is not impaired by the limitations on laser stability or power performance and can be translated to other wavelength ranges.
Results of experimental studies of the round air microjet interaction with a coaxial hydrogen jet at its combustion for supersonic speed jets efflux are presented in this work. It is revealed that combustion of the coaxial hydrogen jet with growth of its speed efflux is accompanied by all scenarios, observed at study of the round and plane hydrogen microjets diffusion combustion. However, “bottleneck flame region” undergoes considerable geometrical deformations because of specifics of a flame of a coaxial jet. It is shown that “bottleneck flame region” is transformed from Y-shaped to spherical shape in the activity of growth of a coaxial jet speed efflux. It is found that a round air microjet interaction with a coaxial hydrogen jet at its combustion is accompanied by several new phenomena: existence of cone-shaped area a coaxial jet combustion near a nozzle exit; existence of small-scale supersonic cells on a resultant flame; absence of the hydrogen combustion efflux from combustion region of a coaxial jet near nozzle exit; flame-out from combustion region of a coaxial jet near nozzle exit that leads to hydrogen ignition downstream, its intensive combustion and sharp acoustic noise occurrence; existence of a turbulent flame, to its separation from a nozzle exit and transition to supersonic combustion of a resultant jet.
Study of the relationship between the structural and functional organization of proteins and their coding genes is necessary for an understanding of the evolution of molecular systems and can provide new knowledge for many applications for designing proteins with improved medical and biological properties. It is well known that the functional properties of proteins are determined by their functional sites. Functional sites are usually represented by a small number of amino acid residues that are distantly located from each other in the amino acid sequence. They are highly conserved within their functional group and vary significantly in structure between such groups. According to this facts analysis of the general properties of the structural organization of the functional sites at the protein level and, at the level of exon-intron structure of the coding gene is still an actual problem. One approach to this analysis is the projection of amino acid residue positions of the functional sites along with the exon boundaries to the gene structure. In this paper, we examined the discontinuity of the functional sites in the exon-intron structure of genes and the distribution of lengths and phases of the functional site encoding exons in vertebrate genes. We have shown that the DNA fragments coding the functional sites were in the same exons, or in close exons. The observed tendency to cluster the exons that code functional sites which could be considered as the unit of protein evolution. We studied the characteristics of the structure of the exon boundaries that code, and do not code, functional sites in 11 Metazoa species. This is accompanied by a reduced frequency of intercodon gaps (phase 0) in exons encoding the amino acid residue functional site, which may be evidence of the existence of evolutionary limitations to the exon shuffling. These results characterize the features of the coding exon-intron structure that affect the functionality of the encoded protein and allow a better understanding of the emergence of biological diversity.
Pioneering works on multimode fiber transmission [1,2], dated 40 years ago, predicted the existence of multimode solitons, providing conditions for the temporal trapping of the input optical modes to form a spatiotemporal soliton [3-5]. Only recently [6-8], multimode solitons were experimentally investigated in graded-index multimode fibers (GRIN), unveiling the complexity of a new, uncharted field.

In our work, we experimentally and numerically investigated the propagation of ultrashort pulses over long distances of GRIN fiber.

We discovered a new class of spatiotemporal solitons with surprising properties: basically single-mode, they cannot be described by the variational theory; their pulsewidth and energy are independent of the input pulse duration, and appear to depend only on the fiber dispersive parameters and, therefore, the wavelength. The new solitons are promising for the delivery of high-energy laser beams, for high-power spatiotemporal mode-locked multimode fiber lasers, and for high-bit rate multimode fiber networks.
Nous parlerons ici de création dans les deux acceptions du terme – processus et résultat : d'une part présenter les étapes du projet pour éviter aux autres de rencontres les mêmes embûches, d'autant plus qu'il s'agit du premier dictionnaire de ce genre créé grâce à Internet, d'autre part exposer les premiers résultats de l'analyse du matériel collecté et les perspectives de son étude dans différents domaines de la linguistique.