Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
The development of quantitative digital phenotyping methods for evaluation of wild potato (section Petota Dumort., genus Solanum L.) tuberization is required for annotation of genebank collections and selection of the suitable donor material for potato breeding. There are no available methods specifically designed for the quantitative analysis of wild potato tuber morphology.

The current study is devoted to evaluation of wild potato tubers' morphological characteristics using a digital image processing technique. For this purpose, the mobile application SeedSounter developed previously for grain analysis was specifically adapted for tuber phenotyping. The application estimates the number and shape of objects scattered on a standard sheet of white paper (i. e. A3 or A4). Twelve accessions from the VIR genebank collection belonging to nine Petota species were grown in pots protected with garden fabric during the growing season of cultivated potato (Novosibirsk region). Tubers were collected form plants of nine genotypes. Three genotypes did not produce tubers. The weight of tubers collected from each plant was measured. The tuber yield from each plant was analyzed using SeedCounter (http://wheatdb.org/seedcounter). The number of tubers per plant was counted; the following characteristics were extracted from the images of individual tubers: length, width, projected area, length to width ratio, сircularity, roundness, rugosity and solidity.

One-way ANOVA showed a significant effect of genotype on all measured characteristics. A pairwise comparison of nine Petota accessions using all measured parameters revealed statistically significant differences between 86 % of pairs. The overall tuber yield volume for each plant was calculated as a sum of volumes of individual tubers; tuber volume was calculated from its length to width ratio and projected area. A strong correlation between the evaluated tuber yield volume and yield weight was shown. We propose tuber yield volume as a characteristic for a general evaluation of tuberization for wild potato, implementing the four-step scale from 0 to 3. According to this characteristic, the twelve wild potato accessions studied could be divided into four groups with different tuberization abilities. The evaluated tuberization ability is partially in accordance with previously obtained VIR data. The results presented demonstrate the possibility to use SeedCounter for wild potato collections phenotyping.
We proposed the following heuristic decision-making rule: "IF {an excess of a protein relating to the nervous system is an experimentally known physiological marker of low pain sensitivity, fast postinjury recovery, or aggressive, risk/novelty-seeking, anestheticlike, or similar agonistic-intolerant behavior} AND IF {a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) causes overexpression of the gene encoding this protein} THEN {this SNP can be a SNP marker of the bias in dominance} WHILE {underexpression corresponds to subordination} AND vice versa." Using this decision-making rule, we analyzed 231 human genes of neuropeptidergic, non-neuropeptidergic, and neurotrophinergic systems that encode neurotrophic and growth factors, interleukins, neurotransmitters, receptors, transporters, and enzymes. These proteins are known as key factors of human social behavior. We analyzed all the 5052 SNPs within the 70 bp promoter region upstream of the position where the protein-coding transcript starts, which were retrieved from databases Ensembl and dbSNP using our previously created public Web service SNP_TATA_Comparator (beehive.bionet.nsc.ru/cgi-bin/mgs/tatascan/start.pl). This promoter region contains all the known TATA-binding protein (TBP)-binding sites. As a result, we found 556 and 552 candidate SNP markers of the human bias in dominance and subordination. On this basis, we determined that 231 human genes under study are subject to natural selection against underexpression (significance p < 0.0005), which equally supports the human bias in domination and subordination such as the norm of a reaction (plasticity) of the human social hierarchy. That is why, using mice as an animal model of human inheritance, we found that both domination and subordination biases are inherited from generation to generation from parents to offspring. Our results equally fit both sides of the century-old unsettled scientific debate on whether both aggressiveness and the social hierarchy among humans are caused by genetic inheritance (e.g., Freud and Lorenz) or by nongenetic social education from childhood to the oldest age (e.g., Berkowitz and Fromm).
An orientation of a graph is semi-transitive if it is acyclic, and for any directed path v 0 → v 1 → • • • → v k either there is no arc between v 0 and v k , or v i → v j is an arc for all 0 ≤ i < j ≤ k.An undirected graph is semitransitive if it admits a semi-transitive orientation.Semi-transitive graphs generalize several important classes of graphs and they are precisely the class of word-representable graphs studied extensively in the literature.Determining if a triangle-free graph is semi-transitive is an NP-hard problem.The existence of non-semi-transitive triangle-free graphs was established via Erdős' theorem by Halldórsson and the authors in 2011.However, no explicit examples of such graphs were known until recent work of the first author and Saito who have shown computationally that a certain subgraph on 16 vertices of the triangle-free Kneser graph K(8, 3) is not semi-transitive, and have raised the question on the existence of smaller triangle-free nonsemi-transitive graphs.In this paper we prove that the smallest trianglefree 4-chromatic graph on 11 vertices (the Grötzsch graph) and the smallest triangle-free 4-chromatic 4-regular graph on 12 vertices (the Chvátal graph) are not semi-transitive.Hence, the Grötzsch graph is the smallest trianglefree non-semi-transitive graph.We also prove the existence of semi-transitive 2 S. Kitaev and A.V. Pyatkin graphs of girth 4 with chromatic number 4 including a small one (the circulant graph C(13; 1, 5) on 13 vertices) and dense ones (Toft's graphs).Finally, we show that each 4-regular circulant graph (possibly containing triangles) is semi-transitive.
Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with an increased risk of brain atrophy, aging-related diseases, and mortality. We examined potential advanced brain aging in MDD patients, and whether this process is associated with clinical characteristics in a large multi-center international dataset. Methods We performed a mega-analysis by pooling brain measures derived from T1-weighted MRI scans from 29 samples worldwide. Normative brain aging was estimated by predicting chronological age (10-75 years) from 7 subcortical volumes, 34 cortical thickness and 34 surface area, lateral ventricles and total intracranial volume measures separately in 1,147 male and 1,386 female controls from the ENIGMA MDD working group. The learned model parameters were applied to 1,089 male controls and 1,167 depressed males, and 1,326 female controls and 2,044 depressed females to obtain independent unbiased brain-based age predictions. The difference between predicted “brain age” and chronological age was calculated to indicate brain predicted age difference (brain-PAD). Findings On average, MDD patients showed a higher brain-PAD of +0.90 (SE 0.21) years (Cohen’s d=0.12, 95% CI 0.06-0.17) compared to controls. Relative to controls, first-episode and currently depressed patients showed higher brain-PAD (+1.2 [0.3] years), and the largest effect was observed in those with late-onset depression (+1.7 [0.7] years). In addition, higher brain-PAD was associated with higher self-reported depressive symptomatology (b=0.05, p=0.004). Interpretation This highly powered collaborative effort showed subtle patterns of abnormal structural brain aging in MDD. Substantial within-group variance and overlap between groups were observed. Longitudinal studies of MDD and somatic health outcomes are needed to further assess the predictive value of these brain-PAD estimates. Funding This work was supported, in part, by NIH grants U54 EB020403 and R01 MH116147.
The unprecedented computing resource needs of the ATLAS experiment at LHC have motivated the Collaboration to become a leader in exploiting High Performance Computers (HPCs). To meet the requirements of HPCs, the PanDA system has been equipped with two new components; Pilot 2 and Harvester, that were designed with HPCs in mind. While Harvester is a resource-facing service which provides resource provisioning and workload shaping, Pilot 2 is responsible for payload execution on the resource. The presentation focuses on Pilot 2, which is a complete rewrite of the original PanDA Pilot used by ATLAS and other experiments for well over a decade. Pilot 2 has a flexible and adaptive design that allows for plugins to be defined with streamlined workflows. In particular, it has plugins for specific hardware infrastructures (HPC/GPU clusters) as well as for dedicated workflows defined by the needs of an experiment. Examples of dedicated HPC workflows are discussed in which the Pilot either uses an MPI application for processing fine-grained event level service under the control of the Harvester service or acts like an MPI application itself and runs a set of job in an assemble. In addition to describing the technical details of these workflows, results are shown from its deployment on Titan (OLCF) and other HPCs in ATLAS.
университет, Новосибирск, Россия ПОТОЧЕЧНАЯ ЗАПИСЬ ДЛИННЫХ ВБР ФЕМТОСЕКУНДНЫМ ИЗЛУЧЕНИЕМ ЧЕРЕЗ ПОЛИИМИДНУЮ ОБОЛОЧКУ Представлены результаты записи длинных (до 90 мм) ВБР (волоконных брэгговских решеток) фемтосекундным излучением без удаления защитного покрытия методом протяжки световода через феррулу.Измерены чувствительности записанных ВБР к изменению температуры и деформации.
A new highly proton-conductive anionic porphyrinylphosphonate-based MOF is reported.

The artwork presents the view through the channel coated with dimethylammonium (DMA) counterions and uncoordinated oxygen atoms of phosphonate groups, responsible for high proton conductivity of the new material.

This property is depicted by the airplane which takes off from the 'runway' formed by DMA cations. More information can be found in the Communication by Y. Y. Enakieva et al. on page 10552.
The main problems of establishment a slow growth in vitro collection of citrus and other tree crops cultivars are high degree of fungal contamination of bud explants and low growth potential of shoots. In this regard, the aim of current research is to assess the efficiency of decontamination procedure and the possibility of tissue culture initiation and slow growth conservation of valuable lemon cultivars. The best results of surface sterilization were obtained using immersion solutions of 0.3 % Veltolen – 25 minutes or 10 % Domestos – 25–30 minutes. In these treatments, 27.7–33.0 % of aseptic explants were obtained, respectively. However, after the third subculture, the yield of aseptic viable explants decreased till 10 % as a result of secondary contamination by endophytic fungi. The addition of biocide (“Gavrish”) in a nutrient medium at a concentration of 1 ml/l helped to increase the yield of aseptic viable explants till 50 %. However, after the third subculture the photosynthetic activity and the pigments content as well as growth rate decreased. Plants dropped yellowish leaves and eventually died. Thus, 37.35 % of plantlets survived after 8 months of conservation, and only 14.6 % survived after 10 months. Even after the third month of conservation significant decrease in the viability index and the coefficient of photosynthetic activity occurred in plants. Chlorophyll a in leaves decreased from 1.59 to 1.14 mg/g during 12 months in vitro conservation. The similar tendency observed on clorophyll b and carotenoids content. The experiments were carried out for 5 years using different lemon cultivars and other citrus varieties and cultivars. Thus, micropropagation and slow growth in vitro conservation of valuable lemon cultivars are still problematic and requires new technical solutions due to the low growth potential of plantlets raised from the mature buds that is consistent with the data of other researchers.
Endonuclease III (Endo III or Nth) is one of the key enzymes responsible for initiating the base excision repair of oxidized or reduced pyrimidine bases in DNA.

In this study, a thermodynamic analysis of structural rearrangements of the specific and nonspecific DNA-duplexes during their interaction with Endo III is performed based on stopped-flow kinetic data. 1,3-diaza-2-oxophenoxazine (tCO), a fluorescent analog of the natural nucleobase cytosine, is used to record multistep DNA binding and lesion recognition within a temperature range (5–37 °C). Standard Gibbs energy, enthalpy, and entropy of the specific steps are derived from kinetic data using Van’t Hoff plots.

The data suggest that enthalpy-driven exothermic 5,6-dihydrouracil (DHU) recognition and desolvation-accompanied entropy-driven adjustment of the enzyme–substrate complex into a catalytically active state play equally important parts in the overall process. The roles of catalytically significant amino acids Lys120 and Asp138 in the DNA lesion recognition and catalysis are identified. Lys120 participates not only in the catalytic steps but also in the processes of local duplex distortion, whereas substitution Asp138Ala leads to a complete loss of the ability of Endo III to distort a DNA double chain during enzyme–DNA complex formation.
An overview is given of the current status of the theory and observations of the acceleration of the expansion of the observable part of the Universe. Contents 1. Historical Introduction 2. Friedmann equations and cosmological acceleration 3. Vacuum energy problem 4. Data in favor of cosmological acceleration 5.Data on supernovae and baryon acoustic oscillations 5.1 Cosmography primer: distances in the Universe; 5.2 Photometric distance; 5.3 Cosmic distance ladder; 5.4 Variety of type-Ia supernovae light curves and their usage in cosmography; 5.5 Baryon acoustic oscillations (BAOs); 5.6 BAOs in the correlation function of galaxies; 5.7 Summary of results on supernovae combined with BAOs; 5.8 Systematics and dependence on z; 5.9 Supernovae as primary distance indicators; 5.10 Merging of neutron stars and the standard siren method 6. Dark energy 7. Modified gravity 8.Conclusion 9.Appendices 9.1 Derivation of the Friedmann equations; 9.2 Cosmological parameters; 9.3 Scalar field
基于KEKB不对称能量e+e-对撞机收集的772×10^6 BB对数据样本

使用Belle探测器测量B±→ηh±（h=K或π）的分支比和CP不对称性，以及观测B0→ηK0衰变

测得的分支比为B(B±→ηK±)=(2.12±0.23±0.11)×10^-6，B(B±→ηπ±)=(4.07±0.26±0.21)×10^-6，B(B0→ηK0)=(1.27+0.33-0.29±0.08)×10^-6，其中最后一个衰变首次观测到显著性为5.4σ。在带电B模式中发现CP破坏证据，ACP(B±→ηK±)=-0.38±0.11±0.01（3.8σ），ACP(B±→ηπ±)=-0.19±0.06±0.01（3.0σ）
We revise observational constraints on the class of models of modified gravity which at low redshifts lead to a power-law cosmology.

To this end we use available public data on Supernova Ia and on baryon acoustic oscillations.

We show that the expansion regime a(t) ∼ tβ with β close to 3/2 in a spatially flat universe is a good fit to these data.
Chloromyxum thymalli infects the gall bladder of fishes belonging to the genus Thymallus. Here, we provide morphological, histological, and molecular data to complete the original description. Rounded plasmodia measured from 25 to 30 µm in diameter and contain 8 developing spores at most. Spores are typical of the genus Chloromyxum. Mature spores are subspherical, (mean ± SD) 9.05 ± 0.08 µm (range: 7.75-10.03 µm) long, and 8.81 ± 0.09 µm (range: 7.19-10.01 µm) wide. Four pyriform polar capsules are equal in size, 3.4 µm long and 2.7 µm wide on average. Histopathological analysis showed that presporogonic stages were found in the lamina propria under the epithelial cells of the host's gall bladder and destroyed the integrity of the epithelium. The obtained SSU rDNA sequences of C. thymalli did not match any available sequences in GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis showed that C. thymalli forms a sister cluster with C. truttae, with a subclade of Chloromyxum spp. that infect the gall bladder of freshwater teleosts.
An overview is given of the current status of the theory and observations of the acceleration of the expansion of the observable part of the Universe. Contents 1. Historical Introduction 2. Friedmann equations and cosmological acceleration 3. Vacuum energy problem 4. Data in favor of cosmological acceleration

5.Data on supernovae and baryon acoustic oscillations 5.1 Cosmography primer: distances in the Universe; 5.2 Photometric distance; 5.3 Cosmic distance ladder; 5.4 Variety of type-Ia supernovae light curves and their usage in cosmography; 5.5 Baryon acoustic oscillations (BAOs); 5.6 BAOs in the correlation function of galaxies; 5.7 Summary of results on supernovae combined with BAOs; 5.8 Systematics and dependence on z; 5.9 Supernovae as primary distance indicators; 5.10 Merging of neutron stars and the standard siren method

6. Dark energy 7. Modified gravity 8.Conclusion
Here we describe a toolkit for presenting physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models in a modular graphical view in the BioUML platform. Firstly, we demonstrate the BioUML capabilities for PBPK modeling tested on an existing model of nanoparticles delivery to solid tumors in mice. Secondly, we provide guidance on the conversion of the PBPK model code from a text modeling language like Berkeley Madonna to a visual modular diagram in the BioUML. We give step-by-step explanations of the model transformation and demonstrate that simulation results from the original model are exactly the same as numerical results obtained for the transformed model. The main advantage of the proposed approach is its clarity and ease of perception. Additionally, the modular representation serves as a simplified and convenient base for in silico investigation of the model and reduces the risk of technical errors during its reuse and extension by concomitant biochemical processes. In summary, this article demonstrates that BioUML can be used as an alternative and robust tool for PBPK modeling.
Usually, in situ diffraction studies of mechanochemical transformations use plastic milling jars in place of steel. This is done to reduce the absorbtion of radiation by the walls. Using as an example the polymorphic transformation of β-glycine, we show that the transformation rate can vary significantly depending on the material of the jars. Using ex situ analysis we here compare the transformation rates in steel and common plastics such as acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, polylactic acid, and polyethylene terephthalate glycol.
A new low‐field electron paramagnetic resonance approach for noninvasive measurements of myocardial oxygen tension and tissue acidity was developed. The approach was applied to monitor myocardial p O 2 and pH in a model of global no‐flow ischemia (30 min) and reperfusion in isolated perfused rat hearts. The myocardial oxygen measurements were performed using deuterated Finland trityl radical probe. A rapid decrease in myocardial p O 2 from 160 mmHg to about 2 ± 1 mmHg was observed within the first minute of ischemia followed by incomplete restoration of p O 2 to 50 mmHg during 30 min of reperfusion. The lower oxygen concentration after ischemia was attributed to the 50% reduction in coronary flow after ischemia as a consequence of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion damage. Myocardial pH measurements using a specially designed imidazoline pH‐sensitive nitroxide showed severe myocardial acidification to pH 6.25 during 30 min of ischemia. Preconditioning of the hearts with two 5‐min periods of ischemia significantly reduced the acidification of myocardial tissue during sustained ischemia. Noninvasive electron paramagnetic resonance monitoring of myocardial oxygenation and pH may provide important insights into the mechanisms of ischemia and reperfusion injury and a background for development of new therapeutic approaches. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Biodiesel is one of the most attractive sources of clean energy. It is produced by the transformation of vegetable oils with up to 10% formation of glycerol as a by-product. Therefore, development of new approaches for processing bio-glycerol into such value-added chemical compounds as solketals is necessary.

Thus, various six- and five-membered cyclic compounds can be prepared by acetalization of glycerol with aldehyde or ketone. The review includes a discussion of the innovative and potential catalysts to produce solketals.

The resulting glycerol oxygenates are excellent fuel additives that increase viscosity, octane or cetane number, and stability to oxidation. In addition, these products significantly reduce carbon monoxide emissions from standard diesel fuel. In this review, we highlight recent advances in the glycerol valorization for the sustainable production of bio-additives.
The Khangay-Khentey belt is located in central Mongolia (Central Asian Orogenic Belt). The Uyanga ore knot district of the Khangay metallogenic zone are hosted by the lower-middle Devonian volcanogenic-sedimentary Erdenetsogt formation.

The new Burgetei, Ult and Senjit gold occurrences were studied. The Au content of arsenic pyrite of the Burgetei and Ult is below the detection limit by electron microprobe analysis. The Au content of arsenopyrite of the Ult occurrence is highest (up to 238 ppm).

The ore-mineral assemblages in the new gold occurrences reflect the differences between three explored sites, formed in the course of fluid evolution during the water-rock interaction. Variable concentrations of indicative elements (As, Te, Sb, Hg) and their ratios confirm this fact.
The SND is a non-magnetic detector deployed at the VEPP-2000 e + e − collider (BINP, Novosibirsk) for hadronic cross-section measurements in the center of mass energy range below 2 GeV. The important part of the detector is a three-layer hodoscopic electromagnetic calorimeter (EMC) based on NaI(Tl) counters. Until the recent EMC spectrometric channel upgrade, only the measurement of the energy deposition in counters was possible. New EMC signal digitizing electronics based on FADC allow us to obtain also the signal arrival time. The new electronics and supporting software, including digitized signal processing algorithms, are now used for data taking in the ongoing experiment. We discuss the amplitude and time extraction algorithms, the new system performance on experimental events and how this time measurement can be applied to physics analysis.
We report on the first search for electron-muon lepton flavor violation (LFV) in the decay of a b quark and b antiquark bound state.

We look for the LFV decay ϒ(3S)→e^{±}μ^{∓} in a sample of 118 million ϒ(3S) mesons from 27 fb^{-1} of data collected with the BABAR detector at the SLAC PEP-II e^{+}e^{-} collider operating with a 10.36 GeV center-of-mass energy.

No evidence for a signal is found, and we set a limit on the branching fraction B[ϒ(3S)→e^{±}μ^{∓}]80 TeV on the energy scale Λ_{NP} divided by the coupling-squared g_{NP}^{2} of relevant new physics (NP).
Incompressible three-dimensional Euler equations develop high vorticity in very thin pancake-like regions from generic large-scale initial conditions.

In this work, we propose an exact solution of the Euler equations for the asymptotic pancake evolution. This solution combines a shear flow aligned with an asymmetric straining flow, and is characterized by a single asymmetry parameter and an arbitrary transversal vorticity profile. The analysis is based on detailed comparison with numerical simulations performed using a pseudospectral method in anisotropic grids of up to $972\times 2048\times 4096$ .