Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
A fusion reactor concept on the basis of a linear trap is developing in BINP. These studies incorporate multiple-mirror sections which should reduce significantly longitudinal plasma losses from a confinement zone. In the paper, physics on the multiple-mirror confinement relevant to plasma behavior at reactor conditions will be discussed. Basic results were received in the GOL-3 multiple-mirror trap in which plasma of 1021 m−3 density was heated by a high-power electron beam up to 2 – 4 keV temperature. The key milestones were: the demonstration of effective plasma heating by the electron beam due to collective effects, the achievement of theoretically predicted level of energy confinement time under optimal conditions, and finally, the discovery of a bounce instability that improves longitudinal confinement. Direct demonstration of a confinement improvement by multi-mirror sections in the magnetic configuration relevant to the reactor one will be done in the GOL-NB facility that will be created in BINP. In addition, a new plasma device SMOLA with a helical multiple-mirror magnetic field for an active confinement control is discussed.
Technique for measurements of the evaporation rate of a heated liquid layer is presented. The local minimum is observed which is associated with the point of equilibrium of the liquid–gas interface. It is shown when no heat is applied to the heating element temperature in gas phase is larger than in liquid, and evaporation occurs with the rate of 0.014–0.018 μl/s. Then evaporation rate is decreasing with increasing the heater temperature until the equilibrium point is reached at the liquid–gas interface. Further increasing of the heater temperature leads to increasing of the evaporation rate.
The molecular structure of the complex of ammonia borane (AB) with acyclic ether tetraglyme Me(OCH 2 CH 2 ) 4 OMe ( 1 ), 1· (AB) 2 was determined by single‐crystal X‐ray structure analysis for the first time. The crystal structure features two AB molecules, bonded by dihydrogen bonds, per one tetraglyme unit. The intermolecular BH ··· HN distances of 1.94 Å are shorter than those in the solid ammonia borane (2.02–2.32 Å). A comparison of the hydrogen and dihydrogen bonds in 1· (AB) 2 and in the complexes of AB with crown‐ethers (CE) was carried out. The complex formation with both the CE and the acyclic polyether 1 activates the B–H bond in AB via N–H ··· O hydrogen bonds and therefore increases the reducing activity of AB. Supposedly, the structure of 1· (AB) 2 is related to the initial steps of the AB activation in a polyether solution. The effect of the substituents on the complexation of the substituted derivatives of 1 comes down to a structural adjustment minimizing steric repulsion. Computations reveal that the complexation of diastereomeric disubstituted glymes with AB leads to the formation of diastereomeric complexes that differ noticeably in stability. This is a prerequisite for inducing stereoselectivity, which makes such complexes attractive for potential synthetic applications.
Inertness of the cleaved (0001) surface of the Bi2Se3 single crystal, grown by modified Bridgman method, to oxidation has been demonstrated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy, and by ab initio DFT calculations.

No intrinsic bismuth and selenium oxides are formed on the low-defect, atomically flat Bi2Se3(0001)-(1×1) surface after a long-time air exposure.

The inertness of Bi2Se3(0001) to O2 and NO2, as well as bismuth-oxygen bonding formation under molecular adsorption in the Se vacancy was supported by DFT calculations.
The aim of the study was to determine the levels of depression and life exhaustion in men and women of the open urban population in the age range.

A single-stage epidemiological study was conducted among people of both sexes aged 25-64 in Tyumen. A representative sample was formed from the electoral lists of citizens by the method of 'random numbers' - 2000 men and women with a response among men 85.0%, among women - 70.3%. The study of depression was conducted according to the algorithms of the program of the world health organization 'MONICA-psychosocial'.

The prevalence of depression in the Tyumen population and in the age and sex groups showed a predominance of the average level over the high, in the age categories 25-34 and 35-44 years - significantly higher prevalence of high levels of depression in women. The higher prevalence of the average level of men and women IN the open population was determined to be relatively high. The average level of LIFE significantly prevails in women in the older age categories and in the population as a whole, the high level of LIFE - at the age of 25-34 years in women and at the age of 55-64 years in men. Therefore, in the open population of the middle-urbanized Siberian city there is a need to form an integrated approach to the prevention of non-infectious diseases, especially cardiovascular diseases, as it is established that prevention programs lead to a reduction in the burden of depression and, and effective approaches to the prevention of psycho-emotional States at the level of individual communities include school-oriented programs to teach positive thinking among the population, starting from a young age.
Purpose. To analyze the frequency, terms and risk factors of late IOL dislocation.

Material and methods. A retrospective cohort study was conducted based on archival data of 70 787 cases of the senile cataracts phacoemulsifications performed in 2002–2019 years. Statistical processing of the results and Kaplan–Meier analysis were performed using the SPSS 11.0 program (STATA).

Results. 320 patients in the study group were treated for late IOL dislocation at various postoperative periods. The average age of the patients was 76.2±12.5 years at the moment of reconstruction procedure. The periods from the moment of IOL implantation to its dislocation varied from 4 months to 17.58 years, the average term was 6.95±3.67 years. IOL reposition was performed in 272 cases (85.0%) and IOL change – in 48 cases (15.0%). The leading risk factor was pseudoexfoliation syndrome detected in 239 patients (74.7%). Among other factors there was high myopia (72 patients; 22.5%), in 78 cases there were the surgery procedures between cataract surgery and IOL dislocation: glaucoma surgeries – 27 cases (8.4%), vitreal surgeries – 9 cases (2.8%), laser discission of secondary cataract – 42 cases (13.1%). The cumulative 5-, 10-, 15-, and 18- year risk of late IOL dislocation was estimated using Kaplan–Meier analysis. Conclusion. The dynamics of the number of reconstructive operations at late IOL dislocations has a tendency to increase. The average term from the IOL implantation to its dislocation was 6,95±3,67 years. The leading risk factor was pseudoexfoliation syndrome. The cumulative 5-, 10-, 15-, and 18-year risk of late IOL dislocation was 0.2; 0.7; 1.15; and 1.4%, respectively.
The article is devoted to the study of the problem of textuality of the Old Believers’ community, where the text was an argument in proving the illegality of the actions of the reformers, determined the ideology of the movement, the political, social views of the participants, and the peculiarities of the religious life of the communities.

Due to the appeal to ancient manuscripts and early printed books, a fund of citations was formed, that testified to the validity of Old Believers’ point of view on innovation. Having inherited from the scribes of Ancient Russia respect for the book, bordering on its sacralization, the opponents of church reform began to treat the selected fragments of texts in a similar way. As a result, the “canon of sacred texts” was formalized. As a result, these extracts began to be perceived by the Old Believers as reflecting the tradition of the Russian Church and equated to the reading of the Holy Scripture. The Old Believers used the fund of fragments of authoritative texts, formed by several generations, describing the tradition of the Russian Church, the defenders of which they proclaimed themselves. The canon of Sacred Texts was composed not only of extracts from ancient manuscripts, but also from pre-Nikon Moscow printed editions. Extracts from books published in the time of Patriarch Iosif, the content of which should be characterized as the creative heritage of the Kiev Metropolis, adapted for the Russian reader, became fundamental.

Turning to the analysis of church policy in the first half of the 17th century allowed to conclude that the Church, solving the problem of religious education of the population, introduced these texts into circulation. Consequently, opponents of church reform had reason to use them by description of the Russian tradition.
The use of metasurfaces operating in the terahertz regime as biosensor devices has attracted increased interest in recent years due to their enhanced sensitivity and more accurate detection capability. Typical designs are based on the replica of relatively simple unit cells, usually called metaatoms. In a previous paper, we proposed a new paradigm for ultrasensitive thin-film sensors based on complex unit cells, called generically metageometries or labyrinth metasurfaces. Here, we extend this concept towards biosensing, evaluating the performance of the labyrinth as a fungi detector. The sensing capabilities are numerically evaluated and a comparison with previous works in this field is performed, showing that metageometries improve the performance compared to metaatoms both in sensitivity and figure of merit, by a factor of more than four. In particular, we find that it is able to detect five fungi elements scattered on the unit cell, equivalent to a concentration of only 0.004/µm2.
Cancer genomes accumulate nucleotide sequence variations that number in the tens of thousands per genome. A prominent fraction of these mutations is thought to arise as a consequence of the off-target activity of DNA/RNA editing cytosine deaminases. These enzymes, collectively called activation induced deaminase (AID)/APOBECs, deaminate cytosines located within defined DNA sequence contexts. The resulting changes of the original C:G pair in these contexts (mutational signatures) provide indirect evidence for the participation of specific cytosine deaminases in a given cancer type. The conventional method used for the analysis of mutable motifs is the consensus approach. Here, for the first time, we have adopted the frequently used weight matrix (sequence profile) approach for the analysis of mutagenesis and provide evidence for this method being a more precise descriptor of mutations than the sequence consensus approach. We confirm that while mutational footprints of APOBEC1, APOBEC3A, APOBEC3B, and APOBEC3G are prominent in many cancers, mutable motifs characteristic of the action of the humoral immune response somatic hypermutation enzyme, AID, are the most widespread feature of somatic mutation spectra attributable to deaminases in cancer genomes. Overall, the weight matrix approach reveals that somatic mutations are significantly associated with at least one AID/APOBEC mutable motif in all studied cancers.
We generalize the results of Leger and Luks about generalized derivations of Lie algebras to the case of color -ary -algebras. Particularly, we prove some properties of generalized derivations of color -ary algebras; prove that a quasi-derivation algebra of a color -ary -algebra can be embedded into the derivation algebra of a larger color -ary -algebra, and describe (anti)commutative -ary algebras satisfying the condition
This review covers the last 250 years of major scientific contributions on the genesis of agates found in basic igneous host rocks. From 1770 to 1955, the genesis question was frequently limited to discussions based on observations on host rock and agate thick sections. Over the next 25 years, experimental investigations examined phase transformations when silica glass and various forms of amorphous silica were heated to high temperatures. This work demonstrated that the change from the amorphous state into chalcedony was likely to be a multi-stage process. The last 40 years has seen modern scientific instrumentation play a key role in identifying the physical and chemical properties of agate. The outcome of this work has allowed limited evidence-based comment on the conditions of agate formation. There is a general consensus that agates in these basic igneous hosts form at <100 °C. However, the silica source and the nature of the initial deposit remain to be proven.
Aim of the study was to investigate the associations of metabolic, behavioral, socio-economic risk factors and some molecular genetic markers with the risk of cardiovascular death (CVD) in persons with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) aged 45–69 years.

Material and methods . The analysis included survey data from 681 participants with T2DM. The baseline survey was carried out within the framework of the HAPIEE project. The observation period lasted from 2003– 2005 to December 31, 2018 and averaged 14.7 ± 0.7 years. Persons who at the time of the baseline examination had an indication of a previous myocardial infarction and/or cerebral stroke were excluded from the analysis. The causes of CVD were determined according to the code International Classification of Diseases 10th revision – I (0–99). Within the framework of the study, 2 groups were formed: the main group, which included persons with T2DM who «developed fatal CV events» 2 207 people (107 men and 100 women) and a comparison group – persons with T2DM who «did not develop fatal CV events» for observation period – 474 people (177 men and 297 women). Indicators of anthropometry, blood pressure, socio-demographic data, some biochemical parameters and molecular genetic markers were determined. To analyze the association of the studied factors with the risk of CVD, multivariate stepwise Cox regression analysis was used.

Results. The risk factors for CVD common for men and women were determined: age, increased SBP, current smoking, non-working status, fasting blood plasma glucose ≥ 7.5 mmol/L. For men, significant risk factors for CVD were also – heart rate ≥ 75 per minute, lonely status; for women – verified diabetes before the baseline examination. Carriage of the heterozygous AG genotype against the AA + GG rs2464196 HNF1A is associated with a reduced risk of fatal CV events in men, OR = 0.488 (95 % CI 0.254–0.941). Carriage of the heterozygous genotype AC rs11212617 ATM is associated with an increased risk of fatal CV events in both sexes. OR = 1.561 (95 % CI = 1.022–2.384). Conclusion . In men and women with T2DM over a 15-year follow-up, associations were found between the risk of fatal CV events with the level of both «traditional» and «diabetes-related» risk factors, as well as with the HNF1A rs2464196 and ATM rs11212617.
In the present paper, we study structural aspects of certain quotients of braid groups and virtual braid groups. In particular, we construct and study linear representations B n → GL n ⁢ ( n - 1 ) / 2 ⁢ ( Z ⁢ [ t ± 1 ] ) B_{n}\to\mathrm{GL}_{n(n-1)/2}(\mathbb{Z}[t^{\pm 1}]) , VB n → GL n ⁢ ( n - 1 ) / 2 ⁢ ( Z ⁢ [ t ± 1 , t 1 ± 1 , t 2 ± 1 , … , t n - 1 ± 1 ] ) \mathrm{VB}_{n}\to\mathrm{GL}_{n(n-1)/2}(\mathbb{Z}[t^{\pm 1},t_{1}^{\pm 1},t_{2}^{\pm 1},\ldots,t_{n-1}^{\pm 1}]) which are connected with the famous Lawrence–Bigelow–Krammer representation. It turns out that these representations induce faithful representations of the crystallographic groups B n / P n ′ B_{n}/P_{n}^{\prime} , VB n / VP n ′ \mathrm{VB}_{n}/\mathrm{VP}_{n}^{\prime} , respectively. Using these representations we study certain properties of the groups B n / P n ′ B_{n}/P_{n}^{\prime} , VB n / VP n ′ \mathrm{VB}_{n}/\mathrm{VP}_{n}^{\prime} . Moreover, we construct new representations and decompositions of the universal braid groups UB n \mathrm{UB}_{n} .
Electrophoretic variations of Am were examined in wild pig populations of geographic subspecies belonging to Sus scrofa in Eastern European and Asian regions. The variations were observed in the populations of S.s. scrofa, S.s. nigripes, S.s. leucomystax and S.s. riukiuanus, with S.s. nigripes and S.s. leucomystax being remarkably polymorphic. The variant alleles were AmA, AmB and AmC. Degrees of differentiation in those subspecies were more notable among populations on islands than on the Continent.
Experimental and numerical investigations of a supersonic flow around a cylindrical model with a porous frontal insert made of a high-porosity cellular material performed at the Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences are briefly reviewed. New data on the influence of the angle of attack on the flow around a cylinder with a porous frontal insert are reported. Methods of using high-porosity cellular materials for controlling supersonic flows around axisymmetric bodies are demonstrated.
Background Cardiovascular event rates increase with age in all populations. This is thought to be the result of multiple underlying molecular and cellular processes that lead to cumulative vascular damage. Apart from arterial stiffness based on pulse wave velocity there are few other non-invasive measures of this process of vascular aging. We have developed a potential biomarker of vascular aging using deep-learning to predict age from a standard 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG). The difference between ECG predicted and chronological age (δ-age) can be interpreted as a measure of vascular aging. Methods We use data collected in two cross-sectional studies of adults aged 40-69 years in Norway and Russia to test the hypothesis that mean levels of δ-age, derived from a deep-learning model trained on a US population, correspond to the known large differences in cardiovascular mortality between the two countries. Findings Substantial differences were found in mean δ-age between populations: Russia-USA (+5·2 years; 0·7, 10 IQR) and Norway-USA (-2·6 years; -7, 2 IQR). These differences were only marginally explained when accounting for differences in established cardiovascular disease risk factors. Interpretation δ-age may be an important biomarker of fundamental differences in cardiovascular disease risk between populations as well as between individuals.
We report a study of the infrared response by localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) modes in gold micro- and nanoantenna arrays with various morphologies and surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) by optical phonons of semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) deposited on the arrays. The arrays of nano- and microantennas fabricated with nano- and photolithography reveal infrared-active LSPR modes of energy ranging from the mid to far-infrared that allow the IR response from very low concentrations of organic and inorganic materials deposited onto the arrays to be analyzed.

The Langmuir–Blodgett technology was used for homogeneous deposition of CdSe, CdS, and PbS NC monolayers on the antenna arrays. The structural parameters of the arrays were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. 3D full-wave electromagnetic simulations of the electromagnetic field distribution around the micro- and nanoantennas were employed to realize the maximal SEIRA enhancement for structural parameters of the arrays whereby the LSPR and the NC optical phonon energies coincide.

The SEIRA experiments quantitatively confirmed the computational results. The maximum SEIRA enhancement was observed for linear nanoantennas with optimized structural parameters determined from the electromagnetic simulations. The frequency position of the feature’s absorption seen in the SEIRA response evidences that the NC surface and transverse optical phonons are activated in the infrared spectra.
Current work deals with an LDA characterization of the velocity distributions and pressure pulsation maps in an axisymmetric draft tube for the flow conditions corresponding to wide range of the operating regimes of the micro-hydro turbine unit.

For the detailed analysis of the velocity profiles, three characteristic regimes corresponding to part-load regime with precessing vortex core formation, best efficiency regime and overload regime of hydro turbine operation were selected. To capture spatial characteristics of the unsteady flow for part-load regime a phase averaging procedure for the LDA data has been employed.
The molecular action of vasopressin depends on the localization of hormonal receptors. The basic physiological effects of vasopressin are manifested in the blood vasculature, renal inner medulla and brain. To date, new information concerning the tissue-specific spreading of vasopressin receptors has been accumulated, and it needs to be summarized. Platelets and endotheliocytes expressing V1a and V2 receptor types, respectively, are related to less investigated targets of the hormone.

Vasopressin induces the initial reversible stage of platelet activation, required for interaction with intercellular matrix proteins. Platelet adhesion on endothelium activates cellular secretion of growth factors and enzymes for intercellular matrix glucosamine metabolism. Platelet hyaluronidase HYAL2 hydrolyses high-molecular hyaluronic acid to shorter fragments. Intercellular contacts between platelets and endotheliocytes are stabilized due to adhesive transmembrane glycoprotein PECAM-1 interaction. Resulting PECAM-1 heterodimers acquire conformation with high affinity to integrins αvβ3. Integrin activation forms contact links between endothelium and fibrillar proteins. Activated endotheliocytes secrete von Willebrand factor and P-selectin. These proteins are accumulated in Weibel–Palade bodies. Vasopressin stimulates cAMP-dependent ACAP-regulated exocytosis of Weibel–Palade bodies.

Unlike intact hyaluronic acid with a molecular weight of several megadaltons, generally showing distinctive antiangiogenic properties, intermediate fractions of hyaluronan hydrolysis in a range from 2.5 to 200 kilodaltons have a stimulating effect on angiogenesis. von Willebrand factor possesses adhesive properties and additionally accelerates interaction of cells with the intercellular matrix. Adhesion on fibrillar collagen and membrane glycoproteins in cooperation with effects of PECAM-1–αvβ3 integrin complexes fixes cell aggregates in the surrounding interstitium and promotes proliferating endotheliocyte migration in according to the direction of local growth factor gradients during angiogenesis. Neurohormonal regulation of platelet and endotheliocyte secretory activity functionally link proliferation and migration of endotheliocytes during angiogenesis and integrate it according to the adaptive capacity of the entire organism.
The efficiency of temperature end energy separation is compared for Ranque tubes of circular and square cross section, with the square side equal to the circle diameter.

The "square" tube demonstrates approximately two times less efficiency, yet the separation effect still being evidently presented.