Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Three-body B+→p¯pK+ and B+→p¯pπ+ decays are studied using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb−1 collected by the LHCb experiment in proton-proton collisions at center-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV.

Evidence of CP violation in the B+→p¯pK+ decay is found in regions of the phase space, representing the first measurement of this kind for a final state containing baryons. Measurements of the forward-backward asymmetry of the light meson in the p¯p rest frame yield AFB(p¯pK+,mp¯p<2.85 GeV/c2)=0.495±0.012 (stat)±0.007 (syst) and AFB(p¯pπ+,mp¯p<2.85 GeV/c2)=−0.409±0.033 (stat)±0.006 (syst).

In addition, the branching fraction of the decay B+→¯Λ(1520)p is measured to be B(B+→¯Λ(1520)p)=(3.15±0.48 (stat)±0.07 (syst)±0.26 (BF))×10−7, where BF denotes the uncertainty on secondary branching fractions.
We develop a method of spectroscopy that uses a weak static magnetic field to enable direct optical excitation of forbidden electric-dipole transitions that are otherwise prohibitively weak. The power of this scheme is demonstrated using the important application of optical atomic clocks based on neutral atoms confined to an optical lattice. The simple experimental implementation of this method---a single clock laser combined with a dc magnetic field---relaxes stringent requirements in current lattice-based clocks (e.g., magnetic field shielding and light polarization), and could therefore expedite the realization of the extraordinary performance level predicted for these clocks. We estimate that a clock using alkaline-earth-like atoms such as Yb could achieve a fractional frequency uncertainty of well below for the metrologically preferred even isotopes.
. Fully nonlinear problem on unsteady water waves generated by impulsively moving obstacle is studied analytically. Our method involves the reduction of Euler equations to the integral-differential system for the wave elevation together with normal and tangential fluid velocities at the free surface. Exact model equations are derived in explicit form in the case when the isolated obstacle is presented by totally submerged elliptic cylinder. Small-time asymptotic solution is constructed for the cylinder which starts with constant acceleration from rest. It is demonstrated that the leading-order solution terms describe several wave regimes such as the formation of non-stationary splash jets by vertical rising or vertical submersion of the obstacle, as well as the generation of diverging waves is observed.
Pathological aggregation and accumulation of α-synuclein in neurons play a core role in Parkinson’s disease (PD) while its overexpression is a common PD model. Autophagy-lysosomal pathways are general intraneural mechanisms of protein clearance. Earlier a suppressed autophagy in the brain of young transgenic mice overexpressing the А53Т-mutant human α-synuclein (mut(PD)) was revealed. Previous studies have recognized that Cystatin C displays protective activity against neurodegeneration. This cysteine protease inhibitor attracts particular attention as a potential target for PD treatment related to autophagy modulation. Here we evaluated the mRNA levels of Cst3 encoding Cystatin C in different brain structures of 5 m.o. mut(PD) mice at standard conditions and after the chronic treatment with a neuroprotective agent, ceftriaxone (100 mg/kg, 36 days). The inflammatory markers, namely, microglial activation by IBA1 expression and mRNA levels of two chitinases genes (Chit1, Chia1) , were also assessed but no significant difference was found between control and transgenic mice. Cst3 mRNA levels were significantly reduced in the striatum and amygdala in the transgenic PD model. Furthermore, this was associated with autophagy decline and might be added to early signs of synucleinopathy development. We first demonstrated the modulation of mRNA levels of Cst3 and autophagy marker Becn1 in the brain by ceftriaxone treatment. Taken together, the results support the potential of autophagy modulation through Cystatin C at early stages of PD-like pathology.
The understanding of the evolution of variable sex determination mechanisms across taxa requires comparative studies among closely related species. Following the fate of a known master sex-determining gene, we traced the evolution of sex determination in an entire teleost order (Esociformes). We discovered that the northern pike ( Esox lucius ) master sex-determining gene originated from a 65 to 90 million-year-old gene duplication event and that it remained sex linked on undifferentiated sex chromosomes for at least 56 million years in multiple species. We identified several independent species- or population-specific sex determination transitions, including a recent loss of a Y chromosome. These findings highlight the diversity of evolutionary fates of master sex-determining genes and the importance of population demographic history in sex determination studies. We hypothesize that occasional sex reversals and genetic bottlenecks provide a non-adaptive explanation for sex determination transitions.
Berriasian (Early Cretaceous) oyster Pycnogryphaea weberae from Crimea is one of the earliest known pycnodonteine oysters.Examination of shell morphology and microstructure of this species shows that it shares characters of the subfamilies Gryphaeinae and Pycnodonteinae.Shell microstructure of Pycnogryphaea weberae lacks vesicular structure and is similar to microstructure of the genus Gryphaea.At the same time the shell of this species possesses morphological characters typical of pycnodonteins: development of chomata and well-defined circumferential curb.Pycnogryphaea weberae is regarded as a transitional taxon between the subfamilies Gryphaeinae and Pycnodonteinae and referred herein to a new genus Pycnogryphaea within the Pycnodonteinae.This suggests that the subfamily Pycnodonteinae likely originated from the Late Jurassic representatives of the genus Gryphaea (Gryphaeinae) in Berriassian.First pycnodonteins preserved shell microstructure of the genus Gryphaea but developed chomata along all the perimeter of both valves.
thin-film MBE-grown GaAs heterostructures

calculated basing on an classical oscillatory model of dielectric function from spectra measured by spectroscopic ellipsometry (nondestructive, contactless optical method) in the range of 1.5-4.75 eV

The thickness and spectral dependence of the complex refractive index of upper layer
The THz frequency band is in many respects the next technological frontier for ultrafast, broadband wireless communication and ultrasensitive biosensing. Challenging goals in these fields demand fresh approaches in electromagnetism research, such as metamaterials. This paper presents an $e\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}x\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}p\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}e\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}r\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}i\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}m\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}e\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}n\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}t\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}a\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}l$ demonstration of a fully metallic, epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) graded-index metalens working in the terahertz regime. With a narrow quasisymmetric focus, high power enhancement, and a large focal length, this proof-of-concept lens shows the way for ENZ metamaterial devices based on arrayed waveguides.
A model of the interaction of a spherical gas bubble and a rigid particle is derived as a coupled system of second-order differential equations using Lagrangian mechanics. The model takes into account oscillations of the bubble surface and the attached to it solid cylindrical particle in infinite volume of ideal incompressible liquid. The capillary force holding the particle on the bubble is due to the shape of the meniscus surface, which determines the wetting edge angle. The series with respect Legendre polynomials is used to present small axisymmetric oscillations of the particle-bubble system. Potential and kinetic energies are expressed through coefficients of this series. Particle adhesion condition to bubble surface is implemented through Lagrange multipliers. The dependence of the particle size and its density is demonstrated as a result of the numerical integration of the resulting dynamic system of differential equations.
We report the first observation of the Cabibbo-suppressed decays ${\ensuremath{\Xi}}_{c}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\Xi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{K}^{+}$, ${\ensuremath{\Xi}}_{c}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\Lambda}{K}^{+}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ and ${\ensuremath{\Xi}}_{c}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\Lambda}\ensuremath{\phi}$, using a data sample of $711\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ collected at the $\ensuremath{\Upsilon}(4S)$ resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collider. We measure the ratios of branching fractions to be $\frac{\mathcal{B}({\ensuremath{\Xi}}_{c}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\Xi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{K}^{+})}{\mathcal{B}({\ensuremath{\Xi}}_{c}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\Xi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+})}=(2.75\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.51\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.25)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$, $\frac{\mathcal{B}({\ensuremath{\Xi}}_{c}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\Lambda}{K}^{+}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}})}{\mathcal{B}({\ensuremath{\Xi}}_{c}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\Xi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+})}=(2.86\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.61\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.37)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ and $\frac{\mathcal{B}({\ensuremath{\Xi}}_{c}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\Lambda}\ensuremath{\phi})}{\mathcal{B}({\ensuremath{\Xi}}_{c}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\Xi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+})}=(3.43\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.58\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.32)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic.
The study spatial chromosome structure and chromosome folding in the interphase cell nucleus is an important challenge of world science. Detection of eukaryotic genome regions that physically interact with each other could be done by modern sequencing technologies. A basic method of chromosome folding by total sequencing of contacting DNA fragments is HI-C. Long-range chromosomal interactions play an important role in gene transcription and regulation. The study of chromosome interactions, 3D (three-dimensional) genome structure and its effect on gene transcription allows revealing fundamental biological processes from a viewpoint of structural regulation and are important for cancer research. The technique of chromatin immunoprecipitation and subsequent sequencing (ChIP-seq) make possible to determine binding sites of transcription factors that regulate expression of eukaryotic genes; genome transcription factors binding maps have been. The ChIA-PET technology allows exploring not only target protein binding sites, but also pairs of such sites on proximally located and interacting with each other chromosomes co-located in three-dimensional space of the cell nucleus. Here we discuss the principles of the construction of genomic maps and matrices of chromosome contacts according to ChIA-PET and Hi-C data that capture the chromosome conformation and overview existing software for 3D genome analysis including in house programs of gene location analysis in topological domains.Organizatsiia prostranstvennoĭ struktury khromosom, ikh ukladki v interfaznom iadre kletki, ustanovlenie vzaimodeĭstvuiushchikh uchastkov genoma éukariot, fizicheski kontaktiruiushchikh drug s drugom, aktivno izuchaetsia v mire s ispol'zovaniem sovremennykh tekhnologiĭ sekvenirovaniia. Osnovnym metodom issledovaniia ukladki khromosom s pomoshch'iu sekvenirovaniia par kontaktiruiushchikh fragmentov DNK stal Hi-C (metod opredeleniia konformatsii khromosom vysokogo poriadka). Issledovanie vzaimodeĭstviĭ khromatina, trekhmernoĭ struktury genoma i ee vozdeĭstviia na reguliatsiiu transkriptsii pozvoliaet poniat' fundamental'nye biologicheskie protsessy s tochki zreniia strukturnoĭ reguliatsii ékspressii genov v kletke, chto vazhno dlia izucheniia raka. S pomoshch'iu metodov, osnovannykh na immunopretsipitatsii khromatina i posleduiushchem sekvenirovanii (ChIP-seq), stalo vozmozhnym opredelenie saĭtov sviazyvaniia transkriptsionnykh faktorov, reguliruiushchikh transkriptsiiu genov v genomakh éukariot; sozdany genomnye karty sviazyvaniia transkriptsionnykh faktorov. Tekhnologiia ChIA-PET (Chromatin ImmunoPrecipitation Analysis - Pair End Tags) pozvoliaet issledovat' ne tol'ko otdel'nye saĭty sviazyvaniia, no i pary takikh saĭtov na khromosomakh, raspolozhennye riadom v trekhmernom prostranstve iadra kletki, i nakhodiashchiesia v komplekse s issleduemym belkom. V dannoĭ rabote rassmotreny printsipy postroeniia genomnykh kart i matrits khromosomnykh kontaktov po dannym tekhnologiĭ ChIA-PET i Hi-C. Predstavlen obzor sushchestvuiushchikh programmnykh resheniĭ i komp'iuternykh instrumentov dlia analiza trekhmernoĭ struktury genoma po dannym Hi-C i ChIA-PET.
A study is made on the previously ignored problem of the dependence of a static fluorescence quenching Stern-Volmer constant Ksv on the initial concentration of [F]0 fluorophore F.

This correlation is shown to exist.

It is concluded that the Stern-Volmer quenching constant may be used as association constant K only with .
Structural control over the magnetic properties of molecular nanomagnets (MNM) is key to bottom up design strategies for novel molecule-based magnetic materials, for e.g. data storage, magnetic cooling or spintronics.

Herein, we switch the magnetism of materials made of the single-molecule magnet [CoxZn(1 x)(piv)2(2 NH2 Py)2], by structural changes induced by gradual replacement of complexes containing paramagnetic Co(II) with analogues containing diamagnetic Zn(II). Combining advanced structural and magnetic characterization techniques, we show that a change of the ratio of the two ions induces a change of the Co(II) coordination structure, changed magnetic relaxation times and a switch from easy-plane to easy-axis type magnetic anisotropy. Complementary quantum chemical calculations reveal magneto structural correlations, rationalizing the structural origin of the changed magnetic properties upon magnetic dilution.

This approach provides an important new lever to understand, predict and tune the magnetic properties of a large range of MNM based magnetic materials.
In contrast to experiments with nanowires, no azimuthal electromagnetic modes existed.

We experimentally demonstrated excitation of terahertz vortex surface plasmon polaritons by end-fire coupling of radially-polarized annular beams with orbital angular momentum (the wavelength was 141 µ m, and the topological charges were ±3 and ±9) to a 70 mm long, simply connected axis-symmetric transmission line and their propagation to the end of the line and diffraction into a free wave possessing the same topological charge as the input beam. The diameter of the line exceeded greatly the radiation wavelength. We observed that 18 plasmons, locally excited on the input face perimeter by a wave with topological charge of ±9, traveled rotating over the tapering cylindrical line and transformed into 18 lobes of the decoupled free wave.

The evidence of the possibility of the transformation of a vortex beam into vortex plasmons and back into vortex beam with the conservation of the topological charge opens a way for the development of plasmonic communication lines with coding and decoding of information at the free-wave stage. Application of this technique to complex beams consisting of a combination of different vortex modes can be a technological base for the development of multiplex plasmonic communication lines in the terahertz range. Since wave characteristics are easier to record than plasmon characteristics, sorting of free waves by the topological charges can be used for demultiplexing combined plasmons in multiplex systems.
This paper presents a study of the evaporation of sessile picoliter liquid drops on a heated solid surface. It has been shown that during evaporation diameter of the drop is almost constant (the contact line is pinned) and starts to decrease only at the final moment of drop life. It has been shown that the specific evaporation rate of a droplet (droplet weight loss per unit time per unit droplet surface area) is not constant over time: it gradually grows with time up to a maximum, but at the final stage, when the height of the drop becomes on the order of 1 μm, it decreases rapidly.
In this paper, on the basis of the Monte-Carlo simulation results a signal processing algorithm for determination of the energy deposited in real time by incident particles has been developed and implemented in the created electronics prototype of the trigger system for an electromagnetic calorimeter of the COMET experiment. The energy thresholds for trigger cells are determined which make it possible to select signal events – an electron with a momentum of 105 MeV/c, and significantly reduce a rate of background events. The electronics prototype of the trigger system has been verified by testbench measurements and electron beam experiments. The obtained results satisfy the key requirement of the calorimeter – the energy resolution in real time is better than 5 % for the signal electron energy.
In the title compound, [ Me C 5 H 4 NCONHCH 2 C 6 H 5 ]I or C 14 H 15 N 2 O + ·I − , a cation and an anion form an ionic pair linked by a strong N—H...I hydrogen bond. In the crystal, ionic pairs linked by weak C—H...I hydrogen bonds form infinite ribbons along the crystallographic a axis. Polymorphism screening varying crystallization solvents (water, acetone 90%–water, ethanol 90%–water, 2-propanol 90%–water, DMF, DMSO, methanol, acetonitrile) and conditions (solution temperature, heating and cooling protocols) did not reveal any other polymorphs than the one reported in this work.
Development of new drugs able to decrease the level of “bad” cholesterol, in particular, based on antisense oligonucleotide derivatives (ASOs), remains relevant for the patients with familial hypercholesterolemia and/or intolerant to statins. The goal of the work was to assess the changes in the lipid metabolism caused by variants of joint impact of the ASOs targeted to the mRNAs of its key genes: apoB , PCSK9 , and apoCIII . Female C57BL/6J mice; nuclease-protected 13- and 20-nucleotide ASOs, and standard protocols for quantification of lipoproteins (HDL CHL, non-HDL CHL, and total CHL) and ALT in the blood serum were used in the work. The following combinations of ASOs were four times injected to the mouse caudal vein: 1) ASO to apoB, 2) ASO to apoCIII, 3) ASO to apoB and ASO to PCSK9, 4) ASO to apoB, ASO to PCSK9, and ASO to apoCIII, 5) ASO to apoB (three doses), ASO to PCSK9, and ASO to apoCIII (two doses), 6) ASO to PCSK9 and (ASO to apoCIII – only in the fourth administration). Triple weekly administration of these ASO combinations resulted in a decrease in non-HDL CHL by 25, 16, 35, 47, 60, and 7 %, respectively, as compared with the control and 1.8-, 1.5-, 1.9-, 2.4-, 3.1, and 1.24-fold higher HDL CHL/ non-HDL CHL ratio. The subsequent ASO injection with concurrent switching to a high-fat diet after 1 week resulted in a decrease in the non-HDL CHL by 28, 2, 28, 70, 33, and 49 % for ASOs (1–6), respectively, as compared with the control; the HDL CHL/non-HDL CHL ratio was 1.5-, 1.1-, 2-, 3.7-, 1.9-, and 2-fold better. The ALT concentration for all ASO combinations remained within the norm for the control animals, demonstrating the absence of any hepatotoxic effect. The best efficiency of ASOs requires selection of concentrations for single ASOs and their combinations as well as of the order and timing of administration. Thus, a new antisense approach is proposed.
Skeletal muscle is the principal contributor to exercise-induced changes in human metabolism. Strikingly, although it has been demonstrated that a lot of metabolites accumulating in blood and human skeletal muscle during an exercise activate different signaling pathways and induce expression of many genes in working muscle fibres, the system understanding of signaling-metabolic pathways interrelations with downstream genetic regulation in the skeletal muscle is still elusive.

Herein, a physiologically based computational model of skeletal muscle comprising energy metabolism, Ca 2+ and AMPK signalling pathways, and expression regulation of genes with early and delayed responses has been developed based on a modular modeling approach.

The integrated modular model validated on diverse including original experimental data and different exercise modes provides a comprehensive in silico platform in order to decipher and track cause-effect relationships between metabolic, signaling and gene expression levels in the skeletal muscle.
Electron microscopic study of cardiomyocytes taken from healthy Wistar and OXYS rats and naked mole rats (
Dismembered ophiolites in the Early Paleozoic Olkhon terrane, a part of the Baikal collisional belt in the southern periphery of the Siberian craton, occur as fault-bounded blocks of ultramafic and mafic rocks from a few meters to hundreds of meters in size.

The ultramafic rocks are mainly dunite–harzburgite peridotites with gradual transitions between the lithologies, as well as moderate amounts of enstatitite, wehrlite, and clinopyroxenite, but no lherzolite. Most peridotites have strongly depleted chemistry and a mineralogy corresponding to the harzburgite type usual for ophiolites of suprasubduction zones (SSZ). The mafic rocks are leuco- to melanocratic gabbros with different relative percentages of clinopyroxene, olivine, and plagioclase, which enclose thin layers and lenses of clinopyroxenite and anorthosite. They bear back-arc basin geochemical signatures, a setting inferred for the Neoproterozoic southern Siberian craton. The gabbroic rocks are of two geochemical groups; most of their trace-element patterns show Ta-Nb minimums and Sr maximums common to suprasubduction zone ophiolites. Judging by the Ol + Opx + Chl + Chr mineral assemblages, the Olkhon peridotites underwent low amphibolite and amphibolite regional metamorphism at 500–650 °C.

The occurrence of the ultramafic and mafic bodies is consistent with formation in an accretionary wedge metamorphosed during a collisional orogeny. The mantle and crustal parts of the Olkhon ophiolite suite apparently were incorporated into the terrane during the frontal collision of perio-oceanic structures with the Siberian craton. Then, in a later oblique collision event, they became dismembered by strike-slip faulting into relatively small bodies and fault blocks exposed in the present erosional surface.