Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
[Background / Aims] Peptides containing arginine and capable of delivering it into cells can be considered as a source of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) substrate for increasing NO synthesis. NO, in turn, is a key antithrombotic and anti-atherosclerotic factor. Thus, preparations based on biodegradable arginine-containing polymers are a promising direction in the treatment of hemocirculation disorders. Here we showed a synthetic approach to make a new peptide-like biodegradable polymer with specific metabolic-related properties. Its ability to increase NO production in vitro and vasodilator action in vivo was evaluated. [Results] The backbone structure of the proposed polymer is a sequence of cysteines polymerized into linear or cyclic molecules through disulfide bridges and diamine spacers; L-arginine residues are grafted onto the main chain via peptide bonds. Consequently, the structure bears a set of properties of cell-penetrating peptides (CPP), which provides the ability to move across the cell membrane and indirectly increase the bioavailability of arginine. The proposed polymeric molecules are stable in oxidative media but could be easily depolymerized in a reducing intracellular environment with the formation of thiol-containing monomers, prone to intracellular enzymatic hydrolysis yielding amino acids (arginine and cysteine). In vitro experiments have shown a significant increase in NO production compared to octa-arginine (reference) and monomeric arginine (control). In vivo study has shown a significant decrease in blood pressure compared to intact controls. As a result, a peptide-like L-arginine grafted polymeric structure demonstrating CPP-properties can be considered a promising compound for creating vasoactive drugs.
We experimentally demonstrate spatial beam self-cleaning in an Yb-doped graded-index multimode fiber taper, both in passive and active configurations. The input laser beam at 1064 nm was injected for propagation from the small to the large core side of the taper, with laser diode pumping in a counterdirectional configuration. The Kerr effect permits to obtain high-beam quality amplification with no accompanying frequency conversions. As a result, our nonlinear taper amplifier may provide an important building block for multimode fiber lasers and amplifiers.
One of the modern radiobiological problems is to estimate risks of chromosomal instability (RChI) for people and ecological populations located near the radiation sources. Our aim was to work out the probability model of adaptation to estimate risks of chromosomal instability.

We used data on numbers of cells with abnormalities (CAs) in meristem of seeds seedling of plantain (Plantago major) growing in 30-km zone of NPP [Korogodina and Florko, NATO Proceedings, 2007] and frequency of CAs of blood lymphocytes of people living in radiation-polluted Tyumen and Irkutsk regions [Osipova et al, 2004]. Cytogenetic analyses were provided by standard methods. Model. Assumptions: a primary cells damaging induces a secondary one; the latter is accompanied by natural selection of cells and organisms. In mathematical term: both the primary and secondary damaging can be described by Poisson (P) law and selection by geometrical (G) one [Florko, Korogodina, 2007]. The total process can be described by P+G model.

It was shown that the distribution of seeds on the number of CAs should be P+G distributions. G-contribution (it is RChI) and therefore seeds survival are decreased dramatically near the NPP (up to 2 and 20% respectively). In addition to P- and G- distribution, a lognormal (LN) law can be revealed when we consider a distribution of persons on the CA frequencies because CA frequency depends on proliferate activity also. We considered samplings of persons who were irradiated directly through nuclear fall-out, their children and grant-children. It was shown that samplings of persons living in North Tyumen region are P+G-distributed, and G-contribution (RChI) decreases across the generations from 100 to 50%. Perhaps, G-law contributes constantly there due to food chain moss-deer-man. In Irkutsk region, interchange of G-, LN- and P- laws across the generation was observed. We can presume that the first generation was characterized by CAs originated from bystander effects (RChI~90%), the second one by inherited CAs proliferation, and the third one by CAs spontaneous level. G-parameters characterize the secondary processes of chromosomal instability and are very sensitive to irradiation intensity. They can be used to estimate the risks of chromosomal instability.
The modulation instability (MI) in optical fiber amplifiers and lasers with anomalous dispersion leads to CW beam breakup and the growth of multiple pulses. This can be both a detrimental effect, limiting the performance of amplifiers, and also an underlying physical mechanism in the operation of MI-based devices. Here we revisit the analytical theory of MI in fiber optical amplifiers. The results of the exact theory are compared with the previously used adiabatic approximation model, and the range of applicability of the latter is determined. The same technique is applicable to the study of spatial MI in solid state laser amplifiers and MI in non-uniform media.
For the last years reliable mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) has become feasible through linkage analysis based on the variance-components method. There are now many approaches to the QTL analysis of various types of crosses within one population (breed) as well as crosses between divergent populations (breeds). However, to analyse a complex pedigree with dominance and inbreeding, when the pedigree's founders have an inter-population (hybrid) origin, it is necessary to develop a high-powered method taking into account these features of the pedigree.

We offer a universal approach to QTL analysis of complex pedigrees descended from crosses between outbred parental lines with different QTL allele frequencies. This approach improves the established variance-components method due to the consideration of the genetic effect conditioned by inter-population origin and inbreeding of individuals. To estimate model parameters, namely additive and dominant effects, and the allelic frequencies of the QTL analysed, and also to define the QTL positions on a chromosome with respect to genotyped markers, we used the maximum-likelihood method. To detect linkage between the QTL and the markers we propose statistics with a non-central χ2-distribution that provides the possibility to deduce analytical expressions for the power of the method and therefore, to estimate the pedigree's size required for 80% power.

The method works for arbitrarily structured pedigrees with dominance and inbreeding. Our method uses the phenotypic values and the marker information for each individual of the pedigree under observation as initial data and can be valuable for fine mapping purposes. The power of the method is increased if the QTL effects conditioned by inter-population origin and inbreeding are enhanced. Several improvements can be developed to take into account fixed factors affecting trait formation, such as age and sex.
We performed Large-eddy simulations of the flow in a model air Francis turbine in a range of low-load regimes with a swirler rotating at fixed frequency. All investigated regimes revealed the presence of coherent helical vortex structure in the draft tube: the precessing vortex core. We identified the frequency of this instability and obtained mean flow velocity fields to be utilized in further works.
The genetic mechanisms of fertility restoration in alloplasmic bread wheat with the barley cytoplasm are poorly explored. The effect of the 1BS chromosome arm on the fertility of bread wheat with the H. vulgare cytoplasm was studied depending on the incompleteness/completeness of the cytonuclear compatibility. (i) Three self-fertile (SF) lines and one partially fertile (PF) line with an incomplete cytonuclear compatibility and (ii) four self-fertile (SF) lines with a complete cytonuclear compatibility were studied. For the lines in group (i), the heteroplasmy (simultaneous presence of barley and wheat copies) of the 18S/5S mitochondrial (mt) repeat was revealed as well as the barley-type homoplasmy of chloroplast simple sequence repeats (cpSSRs). In the lines in group (ii), the 18S/5S mt repeat and cpSSRs were found in the wheat-type homoplasmic state. In all of the lines, the 1BS chromosome arm was substituted for the 1RS arm. The F1 plants of SF(i)-1BS × 1RS hybrids were fertile. The results of a segregation analysis in the F2 plants of SF(i)-1BS × 1RS showed that 1BS carries a single dominant fertility restorer gene (Rf) of bread wheat with the H. vulgare cytoplasm. All of the F1 plants of PF(i)-1BS × 1RS hybrids were sterile. A single dose of this restorer gene is not sufficient to restore fertility in this alloplasmic PF(i) line. All of the F1 and F2 plants of SF(ii)-1BS × 1RS hybrids were self-fertile.
The plasma wakefield amplitudes which could be achieved via the modulation of a long proton bunch are investigated. We find that in the limit of long bunches compared to the plasma wavelength, the strength of the accelerating fields is directly proportional to the number of particles in the drive bunch and inversely proportional to the square of the transverse bunch size. The scaling laws were tested and verified in detailed simulations using parameters of existing proton accelerators, and large electric fields were achieved, reaching 1 GV/m for LHC bunches. Energy gains for test electrons beyond 6 TeV were found in this case.
In Drosophila polytene chromosomes, most late-replicating regions remain underreplicated. A loss-of-function mutant of the suppressor of underreplication [ Su(UR) ] gene suppresses underreplication (UR), whereas extra copies of this gene enhance the level and number of regions showing UR. By combining DNA microarray analysis with manipulation of the number of Su(UR) gene copies, we achieved genomic-scale molecular identification of 1,036 genes that are arranged in clusters located in 52 UR chromosomal regions. These regions overlap extensively (96%) but are not completely identical with late-replicating regions of mitotically dividing Kc cells in culture. Reanalysis of published gene expression profiles revealed that genomic regions defined by replication properties include clusters of coordinately expressed genes. Genomic regions that are UR in polytene chromosomes and late replicated in Kc cell chromosomes show a particularly common association with transcriptional territories that are expressed in testis/males but not ovary/females or embryos. An attractive hypothesis for future testing is that factors involved in replication control, such as SU(UR), may interact physically with those involved in epigenetic silencing of transcription territories.
Determination of the initial water surface displacement at tsunami source is an essential part for most of tsunami warning systems. Every additional minute is important for safety measures in case of a near field event.

We propose to determine initial sea surface displacement at tsunami source by processing only a part of a measured wave profile – time series. The measured wave profile is an input data for initial wave shape determination algorithm. As is established, even a part of wave profile is enough to determine the wave key parameters with an appropriate precision.

This paper provides numerical experiments that allow to determine the length of the necessary part of the measured profile. The results will help decreasing total time spent on tsunami forecast.
We define and study a new class of vertex colourings of multigraphs, where some pairs of colours are forbidden on the edges of a multigraph.We say that a multigraph G is (properly) (m, r)-colourable if for any given sets of r forbidden pairs of colours on the edges of G where exists a (proper) vertex m-colouring of G that respects all forbidden pairs.We determine all (properly) (m, r)-colourable stars, all (2, r)-colourable multigraphs for each r ≥ 1 and all (m, r)-colourable multighraphs, where r is large enough (close to m 2 ).We also introduce a list version of (m, r)-colourability and establish (for the case of improper colourings) that the list (m, r)-colourability of a multigraph is equivalent to its (m, r)-colourability.
We report the measurement of K− absorption processes in the Σ0p final state and the first exclusive measurement of the two nucleon absorption (2NA) with the KLOE detector. The 2NA process without further interactions is found to be 9% of the sum of all other contributing processes, including absorption on three and more nucleons or 2NA followed by final state interactions with the residual nucleons. We also determine the possible contribution of the ppK− bound state to the Σ0p final state. The yield of ppK−/Kstop− is found to be (0.044±0.009stat−0.005+0.004syst)⋅10−2 but its statistical significance based on an F-test is only 1σ.
Genome-wide gene expression maps with a high spatial resolution have substantially accelerated molecular plant science. However, the number of characterized tissues and growth stages is still small because of the limited accessibility of most tissues for protoplast isolation.

Here, we provide gene expression profiles of the mature inflorescence stem of Arabidopsis thaliana covering a comprehensive set of distinct tissues. By combining fluorescence-activated nucleus sorting and laser-capture microdissection with next generation RNA sequencing, we characterize transcriptomes of xylem vessels, fibers, the proximal and the distal cambium, phloem, phloem cap, pith, starch sheath, and epidermis cells.

Our analyses classify more than 15,000 genes as being differentially expressed among different stem tissues and reveal known and novel tissue-specific cellular signatures. By determining transcription factor binding regions enriched in promoter regions of differentially expressed genes, we furthermore provide candidates for tissue-specific transcriptional regulators. Our datasets predict expression profiles of an exceptional amount of genes and allow generating hypotheses toward the spatial organization of physiological processes. Moreover, we demonstrate that information on gene expression in a broad range of mature plant tissues can be established with high spatial resolution by nuclear mRNA profiling.
We study, within QCD collinear factorization and including BFKL resummation at the next-to-leading order, the production of Mueller–Navelet jets at LHC with center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV.

The adopted jet vertices are calculated in the approximation of a small aperture of the jet cone in the pseudorapidity-azimuthal angle plane. We consider several representations of the dijet cross section, differing only beyond the next-to-leading order, to calculate a few observables related with this process. We use various methods of optimization to fix the energy scales entering the perturbative calculation

and compare our results with the experimental data from the CMS collaboration.
A series of novel mono- and binuclear arene–ruthenium(II) complexes [(p-cym)Ru(L)Cl] containing 11H-indeno[1,2-b]quinoxalin-11-one derivatives or tryptanthrin-6-oxime were synthesized and characterized by X-ray crystallography, IR, NMR spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and elemental analysis.

Theoretical calculations invoking singlet state geometry optimization, solvation effects, and noncovalent interactions were done using density functional theory (DFT). DFT calculations were also applied to evaluate the electronic properties, and time-dependent DFT was applied to clarify experimental UV–vis results. Cytotoxicity for cancerous and noncancerous human cell lines was evaluated with cell viability MTT assay.

Complexes demonstrated a moderate cytotoxic effect toward cancerous human cell line PANC-1. The catalytic activity of the complexes was evaluated in transfer hydrogenation of aryl ketones. All complexes exhibited good catalytic activity and functional group tolerance.
The context of this study is the Russian political culture of the late 16th to early 18th centuries.

Based on information from chronicles as well as diplomatic and administrative documents, the authors identify and systematize the main political, ideological, and legal arguments that were most often used by the Russian government to justify the Tsars rule over Siberia.

The arguments can be divided into two groups according to the target audience: the first group was intended for conversation with the heads of foreign countries, the second one addressed the Siberian peoples and also the Russian people broadly. In foreign policy, the representatives of the Moscow Tsar emphasized the antiquity and the strength of the bond between these territories and the Russian state. The diplomats tended to exaggerate the scale of the Russian military, socio-economic, political, and cultural (religious) development of the new territories. At the same time, they were silent about the resistance of the local population to the tsarist servicemen. At home the authorities applied other legal arguments to bolster their legitimacy. In interaction with indigenous populations, the Russian governors and service people usually forced the communities (in the form of an ultimatum) to accept the claim that the Tsar owned the Siberian lands as a fiefdom. With this the socio-political status of the Siberian peoples radically changed: they became subjects to the Russian Tsar, as kholops or yasak-payers. The Russian combatants and colonists, in direct contact with the indigenous population, informed the Siberian peoples about recent government directives and fully identified with the official claim to authority. In the eyes of the Russian population, an additional element was the religious and political idea that the Tsar had been chosen by God, from which followed the duty to expand the Russian Orthodox tsardom.
New radio-isotopic data bracket the age of late Ediacaran fossil assemblages and two negative carbon isotope excursions.
Mechanochemical methods offer unprecedented academic and industrial opportunities for solvent-free synthesis of novel materials. The need to study mechanochemical mechanisms is growing, and has led to the development of real-time in situ X-ray powder diffraction techniques (RI-XRPD). However, despite the power of RI-XRPD methods, there remain immense challenges.

In the present contribution, many of these challenges are highlighted, and their effect on the interpretation of RI-XRPD data considered. A novel data processing technique is introduced for RI-XRPD, through which the solvent-free mechanochemical synthesis of an organic salt is followed as a case study. These are compared to ex situ studies, where notable differences are observed. The process is monitored over a range of milling frequencies.

A nonlinear correlation between milling parameters and reaction rate is observed. Kinetic analysis of RI-XRPD allows, for the first time, observation of a mechanistic shift over the course of mechanical treatment, resulting from time evolving conditions within the mechanoreactor.
О семантике основного сюжета на писаницах Хуашань (Гуанси-
Vladislav Sadykov, Natalia Mezentseva, Galina Alikina, Rimma Bunina, Vladimir Pelipenko, Anton Lukashevich, Zakhar Vostrikov, Vladimir Rogov, Tamara Krieger, Arkady Ishchenko, Vladimir Zaikovsky, Lyudmila Bobrova, Julian Ross, Oleg Smorygo, Alevtina Smirnova, Bert Rietveld and Frans van Berkel, 1Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Novosibirsk State University, 2University of Limerick, 3Powder Metallurgy Institute, 4Eastern Connecticut State University, 5Energy Research Center of the Netherlands, 1Russia 2Ireland 3Belarus 4USA 5Netherlands
A high-resolution G-banding technique was used for identification of the chromosomes of the house musk shrew (Suncus murinusu) and for characterizing their individual G-banding pattern. In order to outline the main identifying characteristics of the individual chromosomes and to make comparable the previously published karyotypes of races and individuals, we included in our analysis a detailed study of G-banded chromosomes of different degrees of resolution at metaphase, prometaphase and prophase. On the basis of this study we have constructed idiograms of prometaphase chromosomes and have proposed a standard karyotype of Suncus murinus.
As part of the III screening of the WHO MONICA-psychosocial program

The screening survey program included: registration of socio-demographic data, definition of social support (ICC — indices of close contacts, SNI — social network index). The duration of the prospective observation of the participants was 16 years. First occurrences of MI were an endpoints of study. Cox’s regression analysis, multivariate modeling

Social support is a protective risk factor for MI in both men and women. We revealed that 62% of men and 56,8% of women had a low ICC. Low SNI was among 43,5% of males and 33,9% of females. Over the 16-year observation period, Cox’s regression analysis showed an increase in the MI risk among persons with a low ICC index in men 5,2 times and women 4,9 times. The risk of MI over a 16-year observation period in the single-factor Cox regression model was higher in individuals with a low SNI index.
The paper is devoted to the issues related to the development and use of automated assessment systems for programming tasks. The work on automated testing of programming tasks had been held in Novosibirsk State University since 1998. It was created several generations of systems of this type. The first program of about 1,000 lines was written in Perl. Currently, the automated system, named NSUts, is used in the programming contests and in the educational process. As a result of work in it, as well as acquaintance with other similar systems, both Russian and foreign, it was possible to formulate requirements for software development of this kind, to analyze the difference between the systems for testing competitions and training support systems. The article also provides an overview of the existing systems for checking tasks on programming, an analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of each of these systems, and a detailed comparison of the NSUts system with the Yandex Contest system. The current state of the NSUts system architecture is described. Much attention is paid to the practice of using the system in the educational process, statistics and graphs of students' progress of students studying with the help of this system are given. The article describes the analysis of the experience of using the NSUts system and outlines the prospects for its development.
Used as a kind of feed additive, p-arsanilic acid can pose a potential risk to organisms when abandoned in the environment. The photodegradation of p-ASA was investigated under UV-C irradiation in the presence of persulfate (PS) in this work. The addition of PS facilitated the decomposition of p-ASA and notably, the presence of 50 mmol PS brought about a nearly complete mineralization after 3 h, while an insignificant total organic carbon (TOC) removal was observed under UV irradiation (λ = 254 nm) only. Experimental results proved that sulfate radical (SO4•−) was responsible for the promotion effect. The cleavage of As-C bond released inorganic arsenic and caused the occurrence of various organic products, for example, hydroxybenzaldehyde, nitrobenzene, benzenediol sulfate, and biphenylarsinic acid. The application of PS with UV-C light may throw a light on thorough treatment for p-ASA containing wastewater.
The investigation of non-equilibrium critical behavior of multilayer structure which correspond to the nanoscale superlattice Co/Cu

The Monte Carlo simulation of the critical behavior of multilayer structures based on anisotropic Heisenberg model is performed. The influence of the uniaxial anisotropy on the critical behavior of the thin Heisenberg-like film is described.

The aging effects can be observed in a wider temperature range than for bulk magnetic systems.