Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Selection by means of genetic markers is a promising approach to the eradication of infectious diseases in farm animals, especially in the absence of eﬀective methods of treatment and prevention. Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is spread throughout the world and represents one of the biggest problems for the livestock production and food security in Russia. However, recent genome-wide association studies have shown that sensitivity/resistance to BLV is polygenic. The aim of this study was to create a catalog of cattle genes and genes of other mammalian species involved in the pathogenesis of BLV-induced infection and to perform gene prioritization using bioinformatics methods. Based on manually collected information from a range of open sources, a total of 446 genes were included in the catalog of cattle genes and genes of other mammals involved in the pathogenesis of BLV-induced infection. The following criteria were used to prioritize 446 genes from the catalog: (1) the gene is associated with leukemia according to a genome-wide association study; (2) the gene is associated with leukemia according to a case-control study; (3) the role of the gene in leukemia development has been studied using knockout mice; (4) protein-protein interactions exist between the gene-encoded protein and either viral particles or individual viral proteins; (5) the gene is annotated with Gene Ontology terms that are overrepresented for a given list of genes; (6) the gene participates in biological pathways from the KEGG or REACTOME databases, which are over-represented for a given list of genes; (7) the protein encoded by the gene has a high number of protein-protein interactions with proteins encoded by other genes from the catalog. Based on each criterion, a rank was assigned to each gene. Then the ranks were summarized and an overall rank was determined. Prioritization of 446 candidate genes allowed us to identify 5 genes of interest ( TNF , LTB , BOLA-DQA1 , BOLA-DRB3 , ATF2 ), which can aﬀect the sensitivity/resistance of cattle to leukemia.
The paper presents new geological, mineralogical, and isotope geochronological data for rare-metal pegmatites in the Kalba granitic batholith (Eastern Kazakhstan). Mineralization is especially abundant in the Central-Kalba ore district, where pegmatite bodies occur at the top of large granite plutons and at intersections of deep faults. The pegmatites contain several successive mineral assemblages from barren quartz-microcline and quartz-microcline-albite to Li-Cs-Ta-Nb-Be-Sn-bearing cleavelandite-lepidolite-spodumene. Ar-Ar muscovite and lepidolite ages bracket the metallogenic event between 291 and 286 Ma. The pegmatite mineral deposits formed synchronously with the emplacement of the phase 1 Kalba granites during the evolution of hydrous silicate rare-metal magmas that are produced by the differentiation of granite magma at large sources with possible inputs of F and rare metals with fluids.
Experimental investigations of the influence of coating consist of streamwise slots with different spacing and depth on second mode disturbances in hypersonic boundary layer of the sharp cone at Mach number M∞ = 5.8 are conducted.

The experiments show that the second mode disturbances are dumped on the surfaces with slots. It is found out that the maximum amplitude of the second mode versus depth has the nonmonotonic dependence. Minimum of the second mode disturbances amplitude are found for depth h = 0.6 mm for the coatings with slots width w = 0.2 mm and spacing b = 0.4 and 0.8 mm. The coatings consists slots with spacing b = 0.4 mm suppress disturbances better than coatings with b = 1.8 mm. Maximum of the disturbances growth rate on the surface with slots are shifted to the lower frequency.

It is shown that surfaces consisting of streamwise slots effectively stabilizes the second mode disturbances, which is the most unstable in the hypersonic boundary layer, and destabilizes perturbations with lower frequencies related to the first mode disturbances.
Based on the analysis of the data on the behavior of electric conductivity at the detonation of condensed high explosives (HEs) with the composition CaHbNcOd and the carbon mass fraction higher than 0.1

the conclusion was made of the presence of long carbon nanostructures. These structures penetrate all the space of reacting HE. The structures are formed already in the chemical peak region, and they evolve along the detonation wave.
Cuboid diamonds are particularly common in the placers of the northeastern Siberian platform but their origin remains unclear. These crystals usually range in color from dark yellow&nbsp; to orange and more interestingly, are characterized by unusual low aggregated nitrogen impurities (non-aggregated C-center) suggesting a short residence time and/or low temperatures at which they have been stored in the mantle. In order to track possible isotopic signature that could help deciphering cuboid diamond's crystallization processes, &delta;13C values, &delta;15N values and nitrogen contents have been determined in-situ in three samples using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), whereas nitrogen aggregation state have been determined by FTIR spectroscopy. The samples fall out the &delta;13C vs. &delta;15N field of canonical mantle composition. Different scale of carbon and nitrogen fractionation may produce the observed variations. Alternatively, mixing of mantle and crustal material would obscure initial co-variations of &delta;13C values with &delta;15N or nitrogen content.
The diversity pattern observed in humans is highly similar to the pattern previously reported in animals.

We describe the genetic diversity of 1327 Brucella strains from human patients in Kazakhstan using multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat (VNTR) analysis (MLVA). All strains were assigned to the B. melitensis East Mediterranean group and clustered into 16 MLVA11 genotypes, nine of which are reported for the first time.

MLVA11 genotype 116 predominates (86.8%) and is present all over Kazakhstan indicating existence and temporary preservation of a 'founder effect' among B. melitensis strains circulating in Central Eurasia. The diversity observed by MLVA suggested that the epidemiological status of brucellosis in Kazakhstan is the result of the introduction of a few lineages, which have subsequently diversified at the most unstable tandem repeat loci. This investigation will allow to select the most relevant strains for testing these hypotheses via whole genome sequencing and to subsequently adjust the genotyping scheme to the Kazakhstan epidemiological situation.
The study of proportional electroluminescence in two-phase argon is relevant in the field of noble-gas liquid detectors for dark matter search and low-energy neutrino experiments. In this work, we continued to study proportional electroluminescence (EL) in two-phase argon doped with a minor (9 ppm) admixture of nitrogen, in the VUV, UV and visible spectral ranges. We confirmed the effect of enhancement of the EL yield, as well as the presence of non-VUV component in addition to that of VUV, in proportional electroluminescence in two-phase Ar. On the other hand, the contribution of non-VUV component determined here within the model of N2 emission in the UV, turned out to be insufficient to explain the EL yield enhancement effect. Accordingly, the problem of proportional electroluminescence in two-phase Ar remains unresolved.
The forkhead boxO transcription factor (FOXO) is a component of the insulin signalling pathway and plays a role in responding to adverse conditions, such as oxidative stress and starvation. In stressful conditions, FOXO moves from the cytosol to the nucleus where it activates gene expression programmes. The catecholamine signalling pathway is another component of the stress response. In Drosophila, dopamine and octopamine levels rise steeply under heat, nutrition and mechanical stresses, which are followed by a decrease in the activity of synthesis enzymes.

Here, we show that FOXO in Drosophila melanogaster responds to heat stress as it does to other stressors. We demonstrate that the nearly twofold decline of FOXO expression in foxoBG01018 mutants results in dramatic changes in the metabolism of dopamine and octopamine and the overall response to stress. The absence of FOXO increases tyrosine decarboxylase activity, the first enzyme in octopamine synthesis, and decreases the enzymatic activity of enzymes in dopamine synthesis, alkaline phosphatase and tyrosine hydroxylase, in young Drosophila females.

We identified the juvenile hormone as a mediator of FOXO regulation of catecholamine metabolism. Our findings suggest that FOXO is a possible trigger for endocrinological stress reactions.
The prevention of muscle atrophy carries with it clinical significance for the control of increased morbidity and mortality following physical inactivity. While major transcriptional events associated with muscle atrophy-recovery processes are the subject of active research on the gene level, the contribution of non-coding regulatory elements and alternative promoter usage is a major source for both the production of alternative protein products and new insights into the activity of transcription factors. We used the cap-analysis of gene expression (CAGE) to create a genome-wide atlas of promoter-level transcription in fast (m. EDL) and slow (m. soleus) muscles in rats that were subjected to hindlimb unloading and subsequent recovery. We found that the genetic regulation of the atrophy-recovery cycle in two types of muscle is mediated by different pathways, including a unique set of non-coding transcribed regulatory elements. We showed that the activation of “shadow” enhancers is tightly linked to specific stages of atrophy and recovery dynamics, with the largest number of specific regulatory elements being transcriptionally active in the muscles on the first day of recovery after a week of disuse. The developed comprehensive database of transcription of regulatory elements will further stimulate research on the gene regulation of muscle homeostasis in mammals.
The paper deals with questions of the activity of the institution of commissioners during 'total collectivization' of agricultural sector. In the beginning of the 'Great socialist transformation' a wave of numerous commissioners who were executors of directives fled into the village and supervisors of the activities of the local authorities' activities as well. They performed the most important functions vital to the stability of the system. Commissioners were its 'expendable' and continuously replenished and reproduced human resource at the same time. The widespread and application of this institution are indicative of the overburdening of the institutional system power which functioned in emergencies.

The scholar investigates the institution within the framework of the structural-functional approach. This approach makes it possible to analyse the activity of the commissioners in the institutional system, to define their functions and role, and to determine the efficacy of their work in the village. The sources are archival documents of the Executive Committee in the Siberian region (krai) and Novosibirsk region (okrug), West-Siberian regional court, Central Control Commission of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, OGPU authorized representative in the Siberian region (krai) and West-Siberian region (krai).

The study establishes the functions and powers of the commissioners, the nature of their relationship with the local authorities and the society, the effectiveness of their work in the village, the place, role and importance of the institution in the Bolshevik's system.
The results of modeling a finite system of interacting two-dimensional electrons placed at zero temperature into an external parabolic potential well are presented.

The distribution functions of interelectron distances and the coordination numbers of internal and external electrons are obtained. The low-temperature specific heat of the system is determined.

The structure of the 2D Wigner cluster is found. The "string-zigzag" transition is analyzed. An electronic Wigner crystal on a sphere is also considered.
A method has been developed that allows X-ray structural analysis of polycrystals using a broad spectral band of synchrotron radiation in the range of 20-30 keV.

This makes it possible to increase the number of photons in the primary beam by 2-3 orders of magnitude and, accordingly, reduce the exposure time of obtaining X-ray diffraction patterns to nanoseconds. The method is applied to reconstruct the X-ray diffraction pattern of silver behenate from the experimental X-ray diffraction curve obtained on polychromatic radiation of the VEPP-3 storage ring, which is an overlay of a thousand X-ray patterns at a thousand fixed wavelengths.

It's reduced the exposure time of one X-ray diffraction patterns of a silver behenate polycrystal to 25 ns. The use of polychromatic synchrotron radiation (SR) opens up new possibilities for studying fast processes not only at XFELs but additionally at storage rings like the VEPP-3/VEPP-4 type and will provide information on the kinetics of phase formation of explosion products directly after the detonation waves.
This article aims to bridge the gap between history and archaeology by linking the methodological and theoretical developments of both scientific disciplines. This is done by tracing general societal trends and developments within both disciplines, divided into five periods, from the professionalization of the sciences in the nineteenth century, up to the present day. The result will hopefully offer practitioners of both disciplines an insight into the others’ intellectual framework, and thereby foster better understanding and opportunities for future cooperation.
The influence of magnetic fields on chemical processes has long been the subject of interest to researchers. For this time numerous investigations show that commonly the effect of a magnetic field on chemical reactions is insignificant with impact less than 10 percent. However, there are some papers that point to the observation of external magnetic field effect on chemical and biochemical systems actually having a significant impact on the reactions. Thus, of great interest is an active search for rather simple but realistic models, that are based on physically explicit assumptions and able to account for a strong effect of low magnetic fields.

The present work theoretically deals with two models explaining how an applied weak magnetic field might influence the steady state of a non-equilibrium chemical system. It is assumed that external magnetic field can have effect on the rates of radical reactions occurring in a system.

This, in turn, leads to bifurcation of the nonequilibrium stationary state and, thus, to a drastic change in the properties of chemical systems (temperature and reagent concentration).
N‐type microcrystalline silicon carbide (μc‐SiC:H(n)) is a wide bandgap material that is very promising for the use on the front side of crystalline silicon (c‐Si) solar cells. It offers a high optical transparency and a suitable refractive index that reduces parasitic absorption and reflection losses, respectively.

In this work, we investigate the potential of hot wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD)–grown μc‐SiC:H(n) for c‐Si solar cells with interdigitated back contacts (IBC). We demonstrate outstanding passivation quality of μc‐SiC:H(n) on tunnel oxide (SiO 2 )–passivated c‐Si with an implied open‐circuit voltage of 742 mV and a saturation current density of 3.6 fA/cm 2 . This excellent passivation quality is achieved directly after the HWCVD deposition of μc‐SiC:H(n) at 250°C heater temperature without any further treatments like recrystallization or hydrogenation. Additionally, we developed magnesium fluoride (MgF 2 )/silicon nitride (SiN x :H)/silicon carbide antireflection coatings that reduce optical losses on the front side to only 0.47 mA/cm 2 with MgF 2 /SiN x :H/μc‐SiC:H(n) and 0.62 mA/cm 2 with MgF 2 /μc‐SiC:H(n).

Finally, calculations with Sentaurus TCAD simulation using MgF 2 /μc‐SiC:H(n)/SiO 2 /c‐Si as front side layer stack in an IBC solar cell reveal a short‐circuit current density of 42.2 mA/cm 2 , an open‐circuit voltage of 738 mV, a fill factor of 85.2% and a maximum power conversion efficiency of 26.6%.
During the 1 st millennium before the Common Era (BCE), nomadic tribes associated with the Iron Age Scythian culture spread over the Eurasian Steppe, covering a territory of more than 3,500 km in breadth.

To understand the demographic processes behind the spread of the Scythian culture, we analysed genomic data from eight individuals and a mitochondrial dataset of 96 individuals originating in eastern and western parts of the Eurasian Steppe.

Genomic inference reveals that Scythians in the east and the west of the steppe zone can best be described as a mixture of Yamnaya-related ancestry and an East Asian component. Demographic modelling suggests independent origins for eastern and western groups with ongoing gene-flow between them, plausibly explaining the striking uniformity of their material culture. We also find evidence that significant gene-flow from east to west Eurasia must have occurred early during the Iron Age.
This paper introduces the concept of iterant algebra and applies it to the formation of basic Clifford algebras including a reconstruction of the complex numbers in terms of a formalization of temporal process. Iterant algebra is shown to include all of matrix algebra and applications are given to a representation of the su (3) Lie algebra for the Standard Model and to the construction of the Dirac Equation. This construction of the Dirac Equation makes it clear how solutions arise from nilpotent elements in the Clifford algebra and how Fermion algebra and the algebra of Majorana Fermions emerges in this context. The paper ends with a formulation of the original Majorana Dirac Equation in terms of Clifford algebra in the context of iterants.
Scalar spin-spin interactions were considered the factor, that determines the PHIP spectral pattern; it is the variation of the spin coupling regime (from strong coupling at low field to weak coupling at high field), which is responsible for the PHIP magnetic field dependence.

We have obtained analytical solutions for Para-Hydrogen Induced Polarization (PHIP) for several types of coupled spin systems, namely, for AB-, ABX-, AA´A ´´ - and A 2 B-systems. The field dependence of polarization was considered in detail, PHIP patterns were calculated for the systems mentioned. Special attention was paid to the effects of field switching on PHIP.

general peculiarities of PHIP were found
the QCD description of high energy processes A + B -> A' + B' of colourless particles

We demonstrate, to next-to-leading order accuracy, the cancellation of the infrared singularities in the impact factors. We study the example where A is a virtual photon in detail

but show that the result is true in general
Below is data on the microbial diversity of natural organic matter from the Dispersion Train of Sulfide Tailings (northern Salaire Ridge, southwestern Siberia, Russia, Ursk Village). Data was obtained using 16s rRNA amplicon directed metagenomic sequencing on Illumina MiSeq. The raw sequence data used for analysis is available in NCBI under the Sequence Read Archive (SRA) with BioProject No. PRJNA670045 and SRA accession number SRX9314152, SRX9314376. The data sequences of the 16s rRNA gene are presented at the links MW142408-MW142413, MW142414-MW142447.
Small interfering RNAs, depending on their structure, delivery system and sequence, can stimulate innate and adaptive immunity.

The aim of this study was to investigate the antitumor and antimetastatic effects of immunostimulatory 19-bp dsRNA with 3'- trinucleotide overhangs (isRNA) on melanoma B16 in C57Bl/6 mice. Recently developed novel cationic liposomes 2X3-DOPE were used for the in vivo delivery of isRNA.

Administration of isRNA/2X3-DOPE complexes significantly inhibits melanoma tumor growth and metastasis. Histopathological analysis of spleen cross sections showed hyperplasia of the lymphoid white pulp and formation of large germinal centers after isRNA/2X3-DOPE administration, indicating activation of the immune system. The treatment of melanoma-bearing mice with isRNA/2X3-DOPE decreases the destructive changes in the liver parenchyma. Thus, the developed isRNA displays pronounced immunostimulatory, antitumor and antimetastatic properties against melanoma B16 and may be considered a potential agent in the immunotherapy of melanoma.
On May 8, 1980, the World Health Assembly at its 33rd session solemnly declared that the world and all its peoples had won freedom from smallpox and recommended ceasing the vaccination of the population against smallpox. Currently, a larger part of the world population has no immunity not only against smallpox but also against other zoonotic orthopoxvirus infections.

Analysis of state-of-the-art data on the phylogenetic relationships, ecology, and host range of orthopoxviruses—etiological agents of smallpox (variola virus, VARV), monkeypox (MPXV), cowpox (CPXV), vaccinia (VACV), and camelpox (CMLV)—as well as the patterns of their evolution

suggests that a VARV-like virus could emerge in the course of natural evolution of modern zoonotic orthopoxviruses. Thus, there is an insistent need for organization of the international control over the outbreaks of zoonotic orthopoxvirus infections in various countries to provide a rapid response and prevent them from developing into epidemics.
The paper provides results of the assessment of a multi-spectral 2D imaging by using a tuneable band-pass optical filter. The filter is based on the Lyot-Ehman physical principles and uses liquid crystal cells as polarization rotators. The spectral properties of the filter are tested by imaging fluorescence of a Rhodamine dye solution. Full width at half maximum of the band of the filter was found to be 9-10 nm in the tested range of 520-620 nm. The filter is applied for 2D imaging of local spontaneous Raman scattering in a laminar premixed Bunsen flame. It is shown that the local intensity of Stokes and anti-Stokes components of rovibrational transitions during the light scattering by nitrogen molecules can be captured by using this filter. It is also concluded that the filter can be used for 2D imaging of local fluorescence in gases or liquids.
Halide octahedral molybdenum clusters [{Mo6X8}L6]n– possess luminescence properties that are highly promising for biological applications. These properties are rather dependent on the nature of both the inner ligands X (i.e. Cl, Br, or I) and the apical organic or inorganic ligands L.

Herein, the luminescence properties and the toxicity of thiol-modified polystyrene microbeads (PS-SH) doped with [{Mo6X8}(NO3)6]2– (X = Cl, Br, I) were studied and evaluated using human epidermoid larynx carcinoma (Hep2) cell cultures.

According to our data, the photoluminescence quantum yield of {Mo6I8}@PS-SH is significantly higher (0.04) than that of {Mo6Cl8}@PS-SH (<0.005) and {Mo6Br8}@PS-SH (<0.005). Treatment of Hep2 cells with {Mo6X8}@PS-SH showed that all three types of doped microbeads had no significant effect on the viability and proliferation of the cells.
The significant progress in the development of multi-core fibers (MCFs) and the technology of refractive index change by fs-laser radiation [1] in the selective cores of MCF

open up possibilities for the creation of new configurations of fiber lasers based on both active MCFs with inscribed fiber Bragg gratings [2] and passive MCFs in Raman lasers with random distributed feedback [3]

for high-power laser applications.