Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Solid solutions of Zr(Mo,W) 2 O 7 (OH,Cl) 2 ∙2H 2 O with a preset ratio of components were prepared by a hydrothermal method. The chemical composition of the solutions was determined by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). For all the samples of ZrMo x W 2−x O 7 (OH,Cl) 2 ∙2H 2 O (x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, and 2.0), TGA and in situ powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) studies (300–1100 K) were conducted. For each case, the boundaries of the transformations were determined: Zr(Mo,W) 2 O 7 (OH,Cl) 2 ∙2H 2 O → orthorhombic-ZrMo x W 2−x O 8 (425–525 K), orthorhombic-ZrMo x W 2−x O 8 → cubic-ZrMo x W 2−x O 8 (700–850 K), cubic-ZrMo x W 2−x O 8 → trigonal-ZrMo x W 2−x O 8 (800–1050 K for x > 1) and cubic-ZrMo x W 2−x O 8 → oxides (1000–1075 K for x ≤ 1). The cell parameters of the disordered cubic-ZrMo x W 2−x O 8 (space group Pa-3) were measured within 300–900 K, and the thermal expansion coefficients were calculated: −3.5∙10 −6 – −4.5∙10 −6 K −1 . For the ordered ZrMo 1.8 W 0.2 O 8 (space group P2 1 3), a negative thermal expansion (NTE) coefficient −9.6∙10 −6 K −1 (300-400 K) was calculated. Orthorhombic-ZrW2O 8 is formed upon the decomposition of ZrW 2 O 7 (OH,Cl) 2 ∙2H 2 O within 500–800 K.
Summary Coupled geomechanic and fluid flow analysis is applied to reduce ambiguity of the solution of the inverse problem and to increase reliability of oil reservoir parameters definition. Interpretation of the oil well electrics data on the basis of geophysical and hydrodynamic compatibility model was carried out with materials from the Russkinsky and the Tevlinsko-Russkinsky oil fields of Western Siberia. The object of research is the Jurassic oil collector which has a complex structure of penetration zone. Input parameters of joint model were determined from data of geophysical study of borehole and core analysis.
The serotonergic system is one of the most important neurotransmitter systems that take part in the regulation of vital CNS functions. The understanding of its mechanisms will help scientists create new therapeutic approaches to the treatment of mental and neurodegenerative diseases and find out how this neurotransmitter system interacts with other parts of the brain and regulates their activity. Since the serotonergic system anatomy and functionality are heterogeneous and complex, the best tools for studying them are based on manipulation of individual types of neurons without affecting neurons of other neurotransmitter systems.

The selective cell control is possible due to the genetic determinism of their functions. Proteins that determine the uniqueness of the cell type are expressed under the regulation of cell-specific promoters. By using promoters that are specific for genes of the serotonin system, one can control the expression of a gene of interest in serotonergic neurons. Here we review approaches based on such promoters. The genetic models to be discussed in the article have already shed the light on the role of the serotonergic system in modulating behavior and processing sensory information. In particular, genetic knockouts of serotonin genes sert , pet1 , and tph2 promoted the determination of their contribution to the development and functioning of the brain. In addition, the review describes inducible models that allow gene expression to be controlled at various developmental stages. Finally, the application of these genetic approaches in optogenetics and chemogenetics provided a new resource for studying the functions, discharge activity, and signal transduction of serotonergic neurons.

Nevertheless, the advantages and limitations of the discussed genetic approaches should be taken into consideration in the course of creating models of pathological conditions and developing pharmacological treatments for their correction.
The polymorphism of molecular crystals is a well-known phenomenon, resulting in modifications of physicochemical properties of solid phases. Low temperatures and high pressures are widely used to find phase transitions and quench new solid forms.

In this study, L-Leucinium hydrogen maleate (LLHM), the first molecular crystal that preserves its anomalous plasticity at cryogenic temperatures, is studied at extreme conditions using Raman spectroscopy and optical microscopy. LLHM was cooled down to 11 K without any phase transition, while high pressure impact leads to perceptible changes in crystal structure in the interval of 0.0–1.35 GPa using pentane-isopentane media. Surprisingly, pressure transmitting media (PTM) play a significant role in the behavior of the LLHM system at extreme conditions—we did not find any phase change up to 3.05 GPa using paraffin as PTM.

A phase transition of LLHM to amorphous form or solid–solid phase transition(s) that results in crystal fracture is reported at high pressures. LLHM stability at low temperatures suggests an alluring idea to prove LLHM preserves plasticity below 77 K.
We present rapidly rising transients discovered by a high-cadence transient survey with Subaru telescope and Hyper Suprime-Cam. We discovered five transients at z=0.384-0.821 showing the rising rate faster than 1 mag per 1 day in the restframe near-ultraviolet wavelengths. The fast rising rate and brightness are the most similar to SN 2010aq and PS1-13arp, for which the ultraviolet emission within a few days after the shock breakout was detected.

The lower limit of the event rate of rapidly rising transients is ~9 % of core-collapse supernova rates, assuming a duration of rapid rise to be 1 day. We show that the light curves of the three faint objects agree with the cooling envelope emission from the explosion of red supergiants.

The other two luminous objects are, however, brighter and faster than the cooling envelope emission. We interpret these two objects to be the shock breakout from dense wind with the mass loss rate of ~10^{-3} Msun yr^{-1}, as also proposed for PS1-13arp. This mass loss rate is higher than that typically observed for red supergiants. The event rate of these luminous objects is >~1 % of core-collapse supernova rate, and thus, our study implies that more than ~1 % of massive stars can experience an intensive mass loss at a few years before the explosion.
CD95/Fas/APO-1 is a member of the death receptor family that triggers apoptotic and anti-apoptotic responses in particular, NF-κB. These responses are characterized by a strong heterogeneity within a population of cells. To determine how the cell decides between life and death we developed a computational model supported by imaging flow cytometry analysis of CD95 signaling. Here we show that CD95 stimulation leads to the induction of caspase and NF-κB pathways simultaneously in one cell. The related life/death decision strictly depends on cell-to-cell variability in the formation of the death-inducing complex (DISC) on one side (extrinsic noise) vs. stochastic gene expression of the NF-κB pathway on the other side (intrinsic noise). Moreover, our analysis has uncovered that the stochasticity in apoptosis and NF-kB pathways leads not only to survival or death of a cell, but also causes a third type of response to CD95 stimulation that we termed ambivalent response. Cells in the ambivalent state can undergo cell death or survive which was subsequently validated by experiments. Taken together, we have uncovered how these two competing pathways control the fate of a cell, which in turn plays an important role for development of anti-cancer therapies.
The results are compared with available theoretical predictions and experimental data the literature forecasts in a wide range of angles of inclination.

A method of analytical and numerical calculation of the absorption coefficient of laser radiation was proposed and tested based on the results of a simplified experimental cutting setup.

A significant difference between the absorption coefficients for mild steel used in the theory and reconstructed from experimental data. The obtained absorption coefficient can be used for further modeling of laser material processing technologies.
This review presents existing evidence of the influence of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids on cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Data are discussed regarding the roles of the most relevant fatty acids, such as myristic (C14:0), palmitic (C16:0), stearic (C18:0), palmitoleic (C16:1), oleic (C18:1), linoleic (C18:2), α-linolenic (C18:3, ω-3), γ-linolenic (C18:3, ω-6), arachidonic (C20:4), eicosapentaenoic (C20:5), docosahexaenoic (C22:6), and docosapentaenoic (C22:5) acid. The accumulated knowledge has expanded the understanding of the involvement of fatty acids in metabolic processes, thereby enabling the transition from basic exploratory studies to practical issues of application of these biomolecules to CVD treatment. In the future, these findings are expected to facilitate the interpretation and prognosis of changes in metabolic lipid aberrations in CVD.
Nonlinear Fourier transform (NFT) based transmission technique relies on the integrability of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE). However, the lossless NLSE is not directly applicable for the description of light evolution in fibre links with lumped amplification such as Erbium-doped fibre amplifier (EDFA) because of the nonuniform loss and gain evolution. In this case, the path-averaged model is usually applied as an approximation of the true NLSE model including the fibre loss. However, the inaccuracy of the lossless path-average model, even though being small, can also result in a notable performance degradation in NFT-based transmission systems.

In this paper, we extend the theoretical approach, which was first proposed for solitons in EDFA systems, to the case of NFT-based systems to constructively diminish the aforementioned performance penalty. Based on the quantitative analysis of distortions due to the use of path-average model, we optimise the signal launch and detection points to minimise the models mismatch. Without loss of generality, we demonstrate how this approach works for the NFT systems that use continuous NFT spectrum modulation (vanishing signals) and NFT main spectrum modulation (periodic signals).

Through numerical modelling, we quantify the corresponding improvements in system performance.
The members of the Triticeae tribe are characterised by the presence of orthologous and homoeologous gene copies regulating flavonoid biosynthesis. Among transcription factors constituting a regulatory MBW complex, the greatest contribution to the regulation of flavonoid biosynthetic pathway is invested by R2R3-Myb-type TFs. Differently expressed R2R3-Myb copies activate the synthesis of various classes of flavonoid compounds in different plant tissues.

The aim of this research was the identification, comparison and analysis of full-length sequences of the duplicated R2R3-Myb Mpc1 (Myb protein c1) gene copies in barley and wheat genomes. The Mpc1 genes were identified in homoeologous group 4 and 7 chromosomes: a total of 3 copies in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and 8 copies in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genomes. All Mpc1 genes have a similar two-exon structure, and almost all of them are transcriptionally active. The calculation of the divergence time revealed that first duplication between 4 and 7 chromosomes of the common ancestor of the Triticeae tribe occurred about 35–46 million years ago (MYA); the last duplication arised about 16–19 MYA before the divergence Triticum and Hordeum genera

The connection between gene expression and the appearance of anthocyanin pigmentation was found for three genes from homoeologous group 4 chromosomes: TaMpc1-A2 (5AL) in wheat coleoptile, HvMpc1-H2 (4HL) in barley lemma and aleurone layer, and HvMpc1-H3 (4HL) in barley aleurone layer. TaMpc1-D4 (4DL) from the wheat genome showed a strong level of expression regardless of the colour of coleoptile or pericarp. It is assumed, that this gene regulates the biosynthesis of uncoloured flavonoids in analysed tissues. The regulatory R2R3-Myb genes involved in anthocyanin synthesis were identified and characterised in Triticeae tribe species. Genes designated HvMpc1-H2 and HvMpc1-H3 appeared to be the main factors underlying intraspecific variation of H. vulgare by lemma and aleurone colour. TaMpc1-A2 is the co-regulator of the Mpc1–1 genes in bread wheat genome controlling anthocyanin synthesis in coleoptile.
Massively parallel reporter assays (MPRAs) enable high-throughput functional evaluation of various DNA regulatory elements and their mutant variants. The assays are based on construction of highly diverse plasmid libraries containing two variable fragments, a region of interest (a sequence under study; ROI) and a barcode (BC) used to uniquely tag each ROI, which are separated by a constant spacer sequence. The sequences of BC–ROI combinations present in the libraries may be either known a priori or not. In the latter case, it is necessary to identify these combinations before performing functional experiments. Typically, this is done by PCR amplification of the BC–ROI regions with flanking primers, followed by next-generation sequencing (NGS) of the products. However, chimeric DNA molecules formed on templates with identical spacer fragment during the amplification process may substantially hamper the identification of genuine BC–ROI combinations, and as a result lower the performance of the assays.

To identify settings that minimize formation of chimeric products we tested a number of PCR amplification parameters, such as conventional and emulsion types of PCR, one- or two-round amplification strategies, amount of DNA template, number of PCR cycles, and the duration of the extension step. Using specific MPRA libraries as templates, we found that the two-round amplification of the BC–ROI regions with a very low initial template amount, an elongated extension step, and a specific number of PCR cycles result in as low as 0.30 and 0.32% of chimeric products for emulsion and conventional PCR approaches, respectively.

We have identified PCR parameters that ensure synthesis of specific (non-chimeric) products from highly diverse MPRA plasmid libraries. In addition, we found that there is a negligible difference in performance of emulsion and conventional PCR approaches performed with the identified settings.
The first type of gold-mineralization is widely spread at the massif in the tectonic zones of schistose serpentinites containing typically ≤ 0.1 ppm Au. The second type of gold-ore mineralization is represented by veined massive, streaky and impregnated magnetite ores in contact with serpentinites. It contains to 5 vol.% sulfides and 0.2–1.2 ppm Au.

We constructed thermodynamic models of the formation of two types of gold-ore mineralization at the Kagan ultramafic massif in the Southern Urals (Russia). Our thermodynamic calculations explain the formation of two types of gold-ore mineralization in the bedrocks of ultramafic massifs. Metamorphic water, which is the result of the dehydration of early serpentinites (middle Riphean) during high-temperature regional metamorphism (700 °C, 10 kbar) (late Precambrian), is considered as the source of ore-bearing fluid in the models. The metasomatic interaction of metamorphic fluid with serpentinites is responsible for the gold-poor mineralization of the 1st type at T = 450–250 °C and P = 2.5–0.5 kbar. The hydrothermal gold-rich mineralization of the 2nd type was formed during mixing of metamorphic and meteoric fluids at T = 500–400 °C and P = 2–3 kbar and discharge of mixed fluid in the open space of cracks in serpentinites.

The model calculations showed that the dominant forms of gold transport in fluids with pH = 3–5 are AuCl2− complexes (≥450 °C) and, as the temperature decreases, AuHS0, or AuOH0. Mineral associations obtained in model calculations are in general similar to the observed natural types of gold mineralization.
Systematic analysis of factors determining efficiency in discrimination of a point substitution (SNP) within specific DNA sequences was carried out in the context of hybridization approach. There are two types of selectivity that are critical for the rational design of highly specific oligonucleotides probes. The first type is the real selectivity of hybridization (fa) that is the ratio of association degrees of targets with an oligonucleotide probe upon the perfect and imperfect complex formation. This type of selectivity reflects the level of discrimination between matched and mismatched signals, which is determined both by experimental conditions and the thermodynamics of oligonucleotide hybridization. The second parameter characterizing the efficiency of SNP discrimination is the limit selectivity of hybridization, which determines the utmost value of fa at a given temperature. This value can be calculated as the ratio of corresponding equilibrium association constants of perfect and imperfect complex formation determined purely by thermodynamics. We have shown that the fa function is the most reliable characteristic describing the hybridization selectivity. For the analytical system designed to reveal any type of perturbation in DNA (e.g. SNP or modification), there is usually a temperature at which fa has its maximum value. The dependency of the fa maximum on different experimental parameters as well as the structural characteristics of a probe are described in details. The results allowed us to postulate points of principle to rationally design the most selective probes on the basis of oli- gonucleotides or their derivatives.
In this paper, we discuss a chemically inert elastically deformable rock with allowance for only changes in the stress and the pore pressure: the chemistry of a porous fluid does not directly affect deformation [1]. In such a situation, chemical effects affect a change in the pore pressure and in the rock deformation. This theory has been applied for mathematical modeling of the solvent and solute transport through a semi-permeable shale.
The properties of the t haplotypes, specific mutant states of the proximal region of chromosomes 17 in the house mouse, are of continuing interest. One such property is increased transmission of the t haplotype by heterozygous t/+ males to offspring. Using the reciprocal translocation T(16;17)43H we have constructed males with tertiary trisomy of chromosome 17 (+T43/+ +/Rb7+) carrying the Robertsonian translocation Rb(16.17)7Bnr. Only the progeny of these males which had inherited either T43/+ or Rb7 from their male parent were viable. The segregation patterns in the offspring of t-bearing trisomics were analysed on days 16-18 of embryonic development. It was found that, when the t12 haplotype is in the normal acrocentric (males+ +T43/+ t12 + /Rb7+ +), its presence in the gamete +t12+/+ + T43 does not produce meiotic drive. However, when t6 is in Rb7, meiotic drive was observed: 80% of offspring carried the t haplotype. It is concluded that the meiotic drive is probably inhibited by the presence of a normal homologue of chromosome 17 in the same sperm. Possible mechanisms for the t haplotype effect are discussed.
Genotoxic stress generates single- and double-strand DNA breaks either through direct damage by reactive oxygen species or as intermediates of DNA repair. Failure to detect and repair DNA strand breaks leads to deleterious consequences such as chromosomal aberrations, genomic instability and cell death. DNA strand breaks disrupt the superhelical state of cellular DNA, which further disturbs the chromatin architecture and gene activity regulation. Proteins from the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) family, such as PARP1 and PARP2, use NAD+ as a substrate to catalyse the synthesis of polymeric chains consisting of ADP-ribose units covalently attached to an acceptor molecule. PARP1 and PARP2 are regarded as DNA damage sensors that, upon activation by strand breaks, poly(ADP-ribosyl)ate themselves and nuclear acceptor proteins.

Noteworthy, the regularly branched structure of poly(ADP-ribose) polymer suggests that the mechanism of its synthesis may involve circular movement of PARP1 around the DNA helix, with a branching point in PAR corresponding to one complete 360° turn. We propose that PARP1 stays bound to a DNA strand break end, but rotates around the helix displaced by the growing poly(ADP-ribose) chain, and that this rotation could introduce positive supercoils into damaged chromosomal DNA.

This topology modulation would enable nucleosome displacement and chromatin decondensation around the lesion site, facilitating the access of DNA repair proteins or transcription factors. PARP1-mediated DNA supercoiling can be transmitted over long distances, resulting in changes in the high-order chromatin structures. The available structures of PARP1 are consistent with the strand break-induced PAR synthesis as a driving force for PARP1 rotation around the DNA axis.
Background Genome-wide association studies have identified hundreds of loci that influence a wide variety of complex human traits; however, little is known regarding the biological mechanism of action of these loci. The recent accumulation of functional genomics ("omics"), including metabolomics data, has created new opportunities for studying the functional role of specific changes in the genome. Functional genomic data are characterized by their high dimensionality, the presence of (strong) statistical dependency between traits, and, potentially, complex genetic control. Therefore, the analysis of such data requires specific statistical genetics methods.

Results To facilitate our understanding of the genetic control of omics phenotypes, we propose a trait-centered, network-based conditional genetic association (cGAS) approach for identifying the direct effects of genetic variants on omics-based traits. For each trait of interest, we selected from a biological network a set of other traits to be used as covariates in the cGAS. The network can be reconstructed either from biological pathway databases (a mechanistic approach) or directly from the data, using a Gaussian graphical model applied to the metabolome (a data-driven approach). We derived mathematical expressions that allow comparison of the power of univariate analyses with conditional genetic association analyses. We then tested our approach using data from a population-based Cooperative Health Research in the region of Augsburg (KORA) study (n = 1,784 subjects, 1.7 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms) with measured data for 151 metabolites.

Conclusions We found that compared to single-trait analysis, performing a genetic association analysis that includes biologically relevant covariates can either gain or lose power, depending on specific pleiotropic scenarios, for which we provide empirical examples. In the context of analyzed metabolomics data, the mechanistic network approach had more power compared to the data-driven approach. Nevertheless, we believe that our analysis shows that neither a prior-knowledge-only approach nor a phenotypic-data-only approach is optimal, and we discuss possibilities for improvement.
Two e+e− colliders, VEPP-4M and VEPP2000, are taking data at the Budker INP in Novosibirsk, Russia. KEDR detector at the VEPP-4M collider continues deliver precision measurements of the charmonium family. Results of the ψ(2S ) and ψ(3770) study are presented. Two energy scans of a center-of-mass energy range from 1 GeV to 2 GeV has been performed by the VEPP2000 collider with an integrated luminosity of about 35 pb−1, collected by each of the CMD-3 and SND detectors. This paper reports the latest results from VEPP-2000 obtained by the CMD-3 collaboration.