Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Fiber-like Maxwell body is frequently used to model the mechanical behaviour of advanced composite materials, which appear in engineering and bio-mechanical applications. Here we consider a material model of the fiber-like Maxwell body based on the Sidoroff decomposition of the deformation gradient. In our case this decomposition yields a multiplicative split of the fiber stretch into inelastic and elastic parts. One of the advantages of the model is that various hyperelastic potentials can be employed for a greater accuracy. Three different potentials are analyzed in this paper: the classical Holzapfel potential and its modifications. The first modification accounts for a fiber slackness and the second one is intended for applications with a local fiber buckling. In terms of these three potentials, we analyze the performance of a universal iteration-free time-stepping scheme. Robustness and accuracy of this algorithm are tested. The iteration-free method is shown to compare favourably to the classical Euler-backward which includes the Newton iteration process.
Semi-empirical procedure of obtaining the boundary conditions for strong evaporation of a polyatomic gas is proposed. The procedure is based on specifying the dependencies of specific momentum and enthalpy of the flow from the gas flow rate. The latter are derived from the analysis of the available data concerning the evaporation of polyatomic and monatomic gases [1,2]. The procedure predicts the exactly sonic terminal velocity of the flow and leads to some corrections of boundary conditions [1] in transonic region. Thus, for j=2 and sonic flow the corrected values of pressure, temperature and fraction of back-scattered molecules are about 1.007, 0.97 and 0.92 of those reported in Ref. [1].
Burn injury and its consequences are an important medical and social problem, given the high mortality and disability rates. The leading cause of death in patients with extensive and deep burns is burn septicotoxemia. Material and methods . The material was the heart muscle of the anterior, posterior and lateral walls of the left ventricle of those who died from burn disease during septicotoxemia. The control group included cases of male mortality as a result of “acute coronary death”. The study of the ultrastructure of endotheliocytes of blood capillaries of the myocardium has been carried out. Results and discussion. Ultrastructural analysis of endotheliocytes of blood capillaries of the myocardium showed that in burn septicotoxemia, intracellular degradation processes are observed in the form of swelling of the cytoplasm and organelles, a decrease in the concentration of vesicular structures, as well as activation of autophagy due to the appearance of autophagosomes and autolysosomes in the cytoplasm. Activation of autophagy should be considered as a naturally developing compensatory reaction aimed at preserving the cellular pool of endotheliocytes of the blood capillaries of the myocardium in response to the alterative effect caused by burn septicotoxemia. Conclusion. The obtained data can serve as a justification for the manifestation of left ventricular contractile insufficiency, which is a consequence of endothelial dysfunction and microcirculatory disorders in the myocardium in burn septicotoxemia.
The process $e^+e^- \to \pi^0\gamma$ has been studied in the experiment with the SND detector at the VEPP-2M $e^+e^-$ collider. The $e^+e^- \to \pi^0\gamma$ cross section has been measured in the center-of-mass energy range from 0.60 to 1.38 GeV. The cross section is well described by the vector meson dominance model. From the fit to the cross section data we have determined the branching fractions $B(\rho\to\pi^0\gamma)=(4.20\pm0.52)\times10^{-4}$, $B(\omega\to\pi^0\gamma)=(8.88\pm0.18)\%$, $B(\phi\to\pi^0\gamma)=(1.367\pm0.072)\times10^{-3}$, and the relative phase between the $\rho$ and $\omega$ amplitudes $\varphi_{\rho}=(-12.7\pm4.5)^\circ$. Our data on the process $e^+e^- \to \pi^0\gamma$ are the most accurate to date.
We demonstrate light pulse combining and pulse compression using a continuous-discrete nonlinear system implemented in a multi-core fiber (MCF). It is shown that the pulses initially injected into all of the cores of a ring MCF are combined by nonlinearity into a small number of cores with simultaneous pulse compression. We demonstrate the combining of 77% of the energy into one core with pulse compression over 14× in a 20-core MCF. We also demonstrate that a suggested scheme is insensitive to the phase perturbations. Nonlinear spatio-temporal pulse manipulation in multi-core fibers can be exploited for various applications, including pulse compression, switching, and combining.
We present a measurement of the branching fraction and the longitudinal polarization fraction of $B^{0}\rightarrow\rho^+\rho^-$ decays, as well as the time-dependent $CP$ violating parameters in decays into longitudinally polarized $\rho^{+}\rho^{-}$ pairs with Belle's final data set of $772\times 10^6$ $B\bar{B}$ pairs, at the $\Upsilon(4S)$ resonance, collected at the asymmetric-energy $e^+ e^-$ collider KEKB. We obtain ${\cal B}(B^0 \rightarrow \rho^+ \rho^-)=(28.3\pm 1.5\;(\rm stat) \pm 1.5\;(\rm syst))\times 10^{-6}$, $f_L = 0.988\pm 0.012\;(\rm stat ) \pm0.023\;(\rm syst)$, ${\cal A}_{CP} = 0.00\pm0.10\;(\rm stat ) \pm0.06\;(\rm syst)$, ${\cal S}_{CP} = -0.13\pm0.15\;(\rm stat ) \pm0.05\;(\rm syst).$ We perform an isospin analysis to constrain the CKM angle $\phi_2$ and obtain two solutions with \begin{eqnarray} \phi_{2} = (93.7\pm10.6)^{\circ},\nonumber \end{eqnarray} being most compatible with other Standard-Model based fits to the data.
В контексте формулируемых феноменологических теорий возможна не только индивидуализированная характеристика, но и эмпирическая диагностика менталитетов отдельных народов. В качестве фундаментальной базы для решения поставленной задачи используется творческое наследие выдающегося российско-американского социолога П. А. Сорокина, которое содержит развернутое феноменологическое учение о менталитетах культуры.

В статье представлен оригинальный подход в исследовании этнического менталитета тувинцев, который заключается в его феноменологическом описании. Подход строится на систематике соответствующих явлений, их типологии и классификации. Именно это учение лежит в основании анализа тувинского менталитета.

Показано, что в категориях учения П. А. Сорокина социокультурная динамика менталитета тувинцев состоит в циклической смене псевдоидеационального и идеалистического менталитетов, из которых последний воспринимается как норма традиционной культуры.
Whereas commercially available hematological analyzers measure volume of individual platelets, angle‐resolved light‐scattering provides unique ability to additionally measure their shape index.

We utilized the scanning flow cytometer to measure light‐scattering profiles (LSPs) of individual platelets taken from 16 healthy donors and the solution of the inverse light‐scattering problem to retrieve the volume and shape index of each platelet. We developed an algorithm, based on fitting PSID by a sum of three peak functions, to determine the percentage, mean platelet shape index, and distribution width of each platelet fraction. We also stimulated the platelets with adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and measured the dependence of equilibrium PSID, including the total percentage of activated platelets, on ADP concentration.

In normal conditions, the platelet shape index distribution (PSID) demonstrates three peaks, which relate to resting, partially activated, and fully activated platelets. In total, this method gives eight additional parameters of platelet morphology and function to be used in clinical hematological analysis.
GR-TRRd section of TRRd database accumulates the largest out of currently published samples of nucleotide sequences that are experimentally proved to bind glucocorticoid hormone receptor (GR). This sample consists of 160 glucocorticiod receptor binding sites (GRbss) from vertebrate genes controlled by glucocorticoids. analysis of the sample has shown that the structure of only half of GRbss (54%) corresponds to traditional viewpoint about structural organization of glucocorticoid response element (GRE) as an inverted repeat of hexameric half-site sequence TGTTCT. 40% of GRbss contain only hexameric half-site. Notably, there exist experimental evidence about participation of most of these GRbss in glucocorticoid regulation. as a result of increasing the number of sequences in the sample of GRbss, we have specified the consensus of sites organized in a form of inverted repeat (palindromic GREs). On the basis of literature data several possible mechanisms of action of noncanonical GRbss containing hexameric half-sites in glucocorticoid induction are proposed.img src="http://elibrary.ru/pic/1pix.gif" /
The article deals with the social and political situation in the Kasminsk, Tarsminsk, Titovsk, and Morozovsk volosts (districts) of the Kuznetsk uyezd (area), Tomsk Province, in 1917–1919. The territories in question were inhabited by long-time Russian residents.

The Revolution affected the largest settlements. Titovsk area was included in the system of Kuznetsk area people's assembly, while Kasminsk district was under the supervision of the so-called zemstvo from the very beginning. Soldiers from reserve regiments of Tomsk and Novonikolaevsk were sent to field work and had a destructive impact on the local life. Anarchists (G. F. Rogov, I. P. Novoselov, P. K. Lubkov, I. M. Drozhzhin, etc.) and their military units played a significant role in the partisan and rebel movement. V. P. Shevelyov-Lubkov (1892–1939) became the most famous Red leader in the territory. He was an old settler from the village of Shipitsina in the Titovsk district and a decorated army veteran.

The Whites were defeated in the late 1919, which brought no relief as anarchist squads maintained their attacks on the Soviet troops. In 1921, peasants in the village of Bryukhanovo rebelled. The last pockets of resistance were eliminated as late as in 1922.
The effect of rotation angles on a direct methanol fuel cell's performance and carbon dioxide behavior is experimentally studied. For this purpose, a transparent window was added to the anode plate of the cell. The anode plate, with 14 parallel rectangular channels, is used in the test. The cross-sectional area of the channels is 2 mm × 2 mm, the ribs are 2 mm in width, and the channel is 52 mm long.

By rotating the cell clockwise and counterclockwise in the vertical plane, the cell performance is investigated and compared to that in the vertical direction (0°).

The experimental results show that when the cell is rotated the bubble size increases with the rotation angles and the bubbles slowly escape into the channels. The gas slugs move fast in the outlet manifold and the length becomes short when the cell is rotated in the clockwise direction. When the cell is rotated counterclockwise, gas columns appear at the exit side of the upper parts of the flow field. The amount of flow channels appearing in the gas columns increases with the rotation angles. In addition, the cell voltage is higher when the cell is rotated in the clockwise compared to the counterclockwise direction under the same rotation angle.
Objective : to determine the impact of social support on the risk of stroke in an open population aged 25–64 years in Russia/Siberia. Patients and methods . A random representative sample of a Novosibirsk population aged 25–64 years (657 men; mean age, 44.3±0.4 years; response rate, 82.1%; 689 women; mean age, 45.4±0.4 years; response rate, 72.5%) was examined within Screening III of the WHO MONICApsychological program. The screening program included: registration of sociodemographic data and determination of social support (the index of close contacts (ICC) and the social network index (SNI). The prospective follow-up study period was 16 years. The study identified the following end-point: new-onset stroke cases. Results and discussion . The open population aged 25–64 years showed a low ICC in 62% of men and in 56.8% of women (χ2=22.603; df=2; p=0.0001) and a low SNI in 43.5% of men and in 33.9% of women (χ2=21.546; df=2; p=0.0001). During a 16-year follow-up, the risk of stroke in the people with a low ICC was 3.5 times higher for men (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.42–7.69; p<0.05), and that was 3.6 times higher for women (95% CI, 1.5–8.7; p<0.01). Over the same follow-up period, the risk of stroke in the patients having a low SNI was 3.4-fold higher for men (95% CI 1.28–5.46, p<0.001) and 2.3-fold higher for women (95% CI 1.18–4.49, p<0.05). Application of a multivariate model revealed an increase in the risk of stroke in people with a low level of social support: in men with an unfavorable family status, manual labor and in women with a low level of education. Conclusion . Social support is a protective risk factor for stroke in both men and women.
One of the promising ways of removing large heat fluxes from the surface of heat-stressed elements of electronic devices is the use of evaporating thin layer of liquid film, moving under the action of the gas flow in a flat channel. In this work, a prototype of evaporative cooling system for high heat flux removal with forced circulation of liquid and gas coolants, capable to remove heat flux of up to 1 kW/cm2 and higher is presented. The peculiarity of the test section used in the present work is that the width of the channel is equal to the width of the heating element (1 cm). It was found that the configuration of the test section allows to get higher values of the heat flux compared with the case when the channel width is higher than the width of the heater, since in the latter case some portion of liquid is deviating from the heater due to the thermocapillary forces.
We study a new variant of the bin packing problem with a color constraint. Given a finite set of items, each item has a set of colors. Each bin has a color capacity, the total number of colors for a bin is the unification of colors for its items and cannot exceed the bin capacity. We need to pack all items into the minimal number of bins.

For this NP-hard problem, we present approximability results and design a hybrid matheuristic based on the column generation technique. A hybrid VNS heuristic is applied to the pricing problem. The column generation method provides a lower bound and a core subset of the most promising bin patterns. Fast heuristics and exact solution for this core produce upper bounds.

Computational experiments for test instances with number of items up to 500 illustrate the efficiency of the approach.
The current limits for fourth generation quarks allows to expect their mass of the order of 500 GeV. In this mass region for quark–antiquark pair the additional Yukawa-type attraction due to Higgs mechanism is expected to emerge. This Higgs-induced attraction greatly exceeds strong interaction between quarks and leads to the formation of bound states in both color-octet S (8) and singlet S (1) states. In the key of recent works on significance of color-octet channel for production of color-singlet state of fourth generation [Formula: see text] we calculated the binding energies for both octet and singlet states. Such an attraction localizes quarks in extremely small area. Hence, color-octet pair of fourth generation quarks can form the "nucleus" and, together with color neutralizing light particle that is captured by strong interaction in orbit around the nucleus, create particle with structure similar to Deuterium.
The interaction between vicinal atomic steps and slip traces - straight monatomic steps produced on a crystal surface by the emergence of dislocations - is experimentally investigated and compared to Monte-Carlo simulations.

The anticrossing kinetics was experimentally investigated on the Au(111) surface by scanning tunneling microscopy under ultra-high vacuum. Monte-Carlo simulations were performed in order to clarify the involved atomic diffusion mechanisms. In particular, the competition between two microscopic mechanisms of the bridge formation is discussed, i.e., the adatom diffusion along the combinatory steps versus across the bridge from the uppermost to the lowest terrace.

Near the point of apparent crossing between a vicinal step and a slip trace, a checkered three-level surface relief configuration is formed, with two new combinatory steps that borders the opposite highest and lowest terraces. This configuration is unstable with respect to an anticrossing effect which consists in the formation of a nanometer scale bridge that separates the regions with the highest and lowest levels and connects the opposite regions of equal level. It is shown that such an anticrossing effect is a general phenomenon observed on various crystal surfaces, from metals to semiconductors. It is observed that the bridge width increases with time according to the power law with exponent β = 0.45 ± 0.01, i.e. significantly smaller than for the single-particle diffusion (β = 0.5).
GWAS have identified >200 risk loci for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). The majority of disease associations are known to be driven by regulatory variants. To identify the putative causative genes that are perturbed by these variants, we generate a large transcriptome data set (nine disease-relevant cell types) and identify 23,650 cis-eQTL. We show that these are determined by ∼9720 regulatory modules, of which ∼3000 operate in multiple tissues and ∼970 on multiple genes. We identify regulatory modules that drive the disease association for 63 of the 200 risk loci, and show that these are enriched in multigenic modules. Based on these analyses, we resequence 45 of the corresponding 100 candidate genes in 6600 Crohn disease (CD) cases and 5500 controls, and show with burden tests that they include likely causative genes. Our analyses indicate that ≥10-fold larger sample sizes will be required to demonstrate the causality of individual genes using this approach.
We study a coupled cavity laser configuration where a passively Q-switched Nd:YAG microchip laser is combined with an extended cavity, including a doped multimode fiber. For appropriate coupling levels with the extended cavity, we observed that beam self-cleaning was induced in the multimode fiber thanks to nonlinear modal coupling, leading to a quasi-single mode laser output. In the regime of beam self-cleaning, laser pulse duration was reduced from 525 to 225 ps. We also observed a Q-switched mode-locked operation, where spatial self-cleaning was accompanied by far-detuned nonlinear frequency conversion in the active multimode fiber.
Six horsemen and one standing man carved at the Wujiachuan rock-art site in the Gansu Province of China are wearing headdresses resembling a crown with three ‘horns’. The standing figure from Wujiachuan can also be perceived as a seated one if its very long, downward ‘arms’ are to be considered as the outline of a wide-brimmed robe, and the carved lines within it are the ‘real’ arms folded on the chest or on the stomach. This interpretation corresponds with ancient Turkic images of Gorny Altai and other regions. In the Kudyrge burial ground in Altai, a boulder was excavated, on which the so-called ‘knee bending scene’ was engraved. A seated woman in a three-horned headdress with a child is depicted, before whom three much smaller in size dismounted horsemen are bowing. The middle horseman is also wearing a three-horned headdress. Engraved images of women in three-horned headdresses were also met on rocks and bone artefacts from Kirgizia, Kazakhstan and Khakassia. P. P. Azbelev interprets the ‘knee bending scene’ from Kudyrge as a reflection of the Christian (Nestorian) narrative of worship of the Magi. It can be assumed that the horsemen in horned headdresses depicted at Wujiachuan, grouped in threes are rushing to worship the standing (or rather sitting) figure to their left also in a three-horned headdress. This personage, just like on the Kudyrge boulder, surpasses both riders and even their horses in height. Rock carvings of riders in three-horned headdresses have also been found in the Badain Jaran Desert in the west of Inner Mongolia and in Zhongwei County of the Ningxia Province. Wherever met, they mark the Ancient Turkic period.
In order to clarify the origin of spring growth habit in modern domesticated wheat, allelic variability of the VRN-1 gene was investigated in a wide set of accessions of the wild tetraploid species Triticum dicoccoides (BBAA), together with diploid species T. monococcum, T. boeoticum and T. urartu, presumable donors of the A genome to polyploid wheats.No significant variation was found at the VRN-B1 locus of T. dicoccoides, whereas at VRN-A1 a number of previously described alleles were found with small deletions in the promoter (VRN-A1b, VRN-A1d) or a large deletion in the first (1st) intron (VRN-A1L). The diploid A genome species were characterized by their own set of VRN-1 alleles including previously described VRN-A1f and VRN-A1h alleles with deletions in the promoter region and the VRN-A1ins allele containing a 0.5 kb insertion in the 1st intron. Based on the CAPS screening data, alleles VRN-A1f and VRN-A1ins were species-specific for T. monococcum, while allele VRN-A1h was specific for T. boeoticum. Different indels were revealed in both the promoter and 1(st) intron of the recessive VRN-A1u allele providing specific identification of T. urartu, the proposed donor of the A genome to modern wheat. We found that alleles VRN-A1b and VRN-A1h, previously described as dominant, have either no or weak association with spring growth habit, while in some diploid accessions this habit was associated with the recessive VRN-A1 allele.Spring growth habit in diploid wheats was only partially associated with indels in regulatory regions of the VRN-1 gene. An exception is T. monococcum where dominant mutations in both the promoter region and, especially, the 1st intron were selected during domestication resulting in a greater variety of spring forms. The wild tetraploid T. dicoccoides had a distinct set of VRN-A1 alleles compared to the diploids in this study, indicating an independent origin of spring tetraploid forms that likely occurred after combining of diploid genomes. These alleles were subsequently inherited by cultivated polyploid (tetraploid and hexaploid) descendants.
A new management system for the SND detector experiments (at VEPP-2000 collider in Novosibirsk) is developed. We describe here the interaction between a user and the SND databases. These databases contain experiment configuration, conditions and metadata. The new system is designed in client-server architecture. It has several logical layers corresponding to the users roles. A new template engine is created. A web application is implemented using Node.js framework. At the time the application provides: showing and editing configuration; showing experiment metadata and experiment conditions data index; showing SND log (prototype).