Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
The auxin-inducible degron (AID) system is a promising tool for dynamic protein degradation. In mammalian cells, this approach has become indispensable to study fundamental molecular functions, such as replication, chromatin dynamics, or transcription, which are otherwise difficult to dissect.

We present evaluation of the two prominent AID systems based on OsTIR1 and AtAFB2 auxin receptor F-box proteins (AFBs). We analyzed degradation dynamics of cohesin/condensin complex subunits in mouse embryonic stem cells (Rad21, Smc2, Ncaph, and Ncaph2) and human haploid HAP1 line (RAD21, SMC2). Double antibiotic selection helped achieve high homozygous AID tagging of an endogenous gene for all genes using CRISPR/Cas9.

We found that the main challenge for successful protein degradation is obtaining cell clones with high and stable AFB expression levels due to the mosaic expression of AFBs. AFB expression from a transgene tends to decline with passages in the absence of constant antibiotic selection, preventing epigenetic silencing of a transgene, even at the AAVS1 safe-harbor locus. Comparing two AFBs, we found that the OsTIR1 system showed weak dynamics of protein degradation. At the same time, the AtAFB2 approach was very efficient even in random integration of AFB-expressed transgenes. Other factors such as degradation dynamics and low basal depletion were also in favor of the AtAFB2 system.
The main goal of the work was to determine the attitude of the American mink to feed consumption, depending on the genotype and behavior. The object of research was American mink (Neovison vison) of cell breeding of three different genotypes: Standard dark brown (+/ +), Hedlundwhite (h/ h) and Black crystal (C R / +). Groups of animals were initially assessed on aggressive and manual behavior using a special hand catch test method. The duration of the work was 30 days. All animals received a unified ratio according to the recommended norms. Daily feed was weighed before distribution (190 g per 1 head to females and 250 g to males) and the amount of feed consumed a day per group and per 1 head was determined from the remains. The feed consumption was assessed by the indicator of the feed consumed by males and females of different genotypes and behavior. Comparison of the data was carried out using Student t-test. As the temperature factor influences the feed consumption, the feed intake by minks of different genotypes was assessed over seven-day periods. It was found that in the first observation period there was no difference in the amount of feed consumed by females. However, in the second period, aggressive Hedlund females consumed more than females of the black crystal genotype. In the same period, the females of the black crystal genotype showed the lowest feed consumption in comparison with the standard and Hedlund females. In the third period, Hedlund females consumed the largest amount of feed among aggressor females in comparison with the genotypes Standard and Black Crystal. There are no differences in feed consumption by males of different genotypes for the same periods. Over the entire study period, female aggressors of genotypes Standard and Hedlund consumed more feed than females of the tame type of behavior. The tame males of the standard genotype consumed more feed than the aggressive ones. There were no differences in feed consumption by minks of different behavior of the black crystal genotype.
The new experimental setup with copper-glass pulsating heat pipe has been constructed for investigation of the heat transfer problem. Pulsations of liquid slugs inside the heat pipe has been observed. It is demonstrated that with increasing of temperature difference between evaporator and condenser heat flux which can be removed is also increases.
In the present paper we find a simple algorithm for counting Jacobian group of the generalized Petersen graph GP(n,k).

Also, we obtain a closed formula for the number of spanning trees of this graph in terms of Chebyshev polynomials.
Cavitation on two symmetric foils, a NACA0015 hydrofoil and a scaled-down model of a Francis turbine guide vane (GV), was investigated by high-speed visualization and PIV. At small attack angles the differences between the profiles of the mean and fluctuating velocities for both hydrofoils were shown to be insignificant. However, at the higher angle of incidence, flow separation from the GV surface was discovered for quasi-steady regimes including cavitation-free and cavitation inception cases.

The flow separation leads to the appearance of a second maximum in velocity fluctuations distributions downstream far from the GV surface. When the transition to unsteady regimes occurred, the velocity distributions became quite similar for both foils. Additionally, for the GV an unsteady regime characterized by asymmetric spanwise variations of the sheet cavity length along with alternating periodic detachments of clouds between the sidewalls of the test channel was for the first time visualized.

This asymmetric behaviour is very likely to be governed by the cross instability that was recently described by Decaix and Goncalvès [8]. Moreover, it was concluded that the existence of the cross instability is independent on the test body shape and its aspect ratio.
Glycosylation of immunoglobulin G (IgG) influences IgG effector function by modulating binding to Fc receptors. To identify genetic loci associated with IgG glycosylation, we quantitated N-linked IgG glycans using two approaches. After isolating IgG from human plasma, we performed 77 quantitative measurements of N-glycosylation using ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) in 2,247 individuals from four European discovery populations. In parallel, we measured IgG N-glycans using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS) in a replication cohort of 1,848 Europeans. Meta-analysis of genome-wide association study (GWAS) results identified 9 genome-wide significant loci (P<2.27×10−9) in the discovery analysis and two of the same loci (B4GALT1 and MGAT3) in the replication cohort. Four loci contained genes encoding glycosyltransferases (ST6GAL1, B4GALT1, FUT8, and MGAT3), while the remaining 5 contained genes that have not been previously implicated in protein glycosylation (IKZF1, IL6ST-ANKRD55, ABCF2-SMARCD3, SUV420H1, and SMARCB1-DERL3). However, most of them have been strongly associated with autoimmune and inflammatory conditions (e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, diabetes type 1, multiple sclerosis, Graves' disease, celiac disease, nodular sclerosis) and/or haematological cancers (acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, Hodgkin lymphoma, and multiple myeloma). Follow-up functional experiments in haplodeficient Ikzf1 knock-out mice showed the same general pattern of changes in IgG glycosylation as identified in the meta-analysis. As IKZF1 was associated with multiple IgG N-glycan traits, we explored biomarker potential of affected N-glycans in 101 cases with SLE and 183 matched controls and demonstrated substantial discriminative power in a ROC-curve analysis (area under the curve = 0.842). Our study shows that it is possible to identify new loci that control glycosylation of a single plasma protein using GWAS. The results may also provide an explanation for the reported pleiotropy and antagonistic effects of loci involved in autoimmune diseases and haematological cancer.
Serial block-face scanning electron microscopy was used here to study tobacco male meiosis.

Three-dimensional ultrastructural analyses revealed that intercellular nuclear migration (INM) occurs in 90–100% of tobacco meiocytes. At the very beginning of meiosis, every meiocyte connected with neighboring cells by more than 100 channels was capable of INM. At leptotene and zygotene, the nucleus in most tobacco meiocytes approached the cell wall and formed nuclear protuberances (NPs) that crossed the cell wall through the channels and got into the cytoplasm of a neighboring cell. The NPs did not separate from the migrating nuclei and never produced micronuclei. Approximately 70% of NPs reached nuclei of neighboring cells. The NPs and the nuclei they reached got very close, and the gap between their nuclear membranes became indistinguishable in some cases. At pachytene, NPs detached from the nuclei of neighboring cells and came back into their own cells. After that, the INM stopped.

The reason for such behavior of nuclei is unclear. INM probably causes a short-lived fusion of two nuclei and thus has a potential to form aneuploid or unreduced pollen. We consider INM a normal part of tobacco meiosis.
To estimate the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in different age groups of the adult population of Novosibirsk, according to epidemiological studies in 20032005 and 20132016.

We examined a representative population sample (assessed in 20032005) of men and women aged 4569 years in two administrative districts of Novosibirsk, as a part of the international HAPIEE project. According to the tables of random numbers, representative samples of men and women aged 4569 years were formed, to which letters were sent, inviting them to pass for examination. During 20132016, a second population survey was conducted on a random representative sample of a population of 2544-year-olds of both sexes. Participants were residents of one of the districts of Novosibirsk. T2DM and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) were diagnosed using fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels (diabetes: FPG 7.0 mmol/l; IFG: FPG 6.16.9 mmol/l).

The prevalence of T2DM among residents aged 4569 years was 11.3%, and overall, no significant difference in prevalence was found between females and males (11.3% vs. 11.0%). However, the overall prevalence of T2DM among residents aged 2544 years was 2.2%, and prevalence was higher in men (3.5%) than in women (1.1%), p 0.05. High prevalence of IFG was found in the 4569 age group (18.2%, in 20032005), and in the younger age group of 2544 years (21.6%, in 20132016). The high rate among young individuals is particularly alarming. Less than one half (4.8 out of 11.3%) of participants aged 4569 tested positive for T2DM, and only one in the age group 2544 years knew he/she had diabetes. This indicates a lack of knowledge among Siberians about their problem with diabetes. Approximately one in five adults had IFG. Among the adult population aged 4569 (in 20032005), 18.2% had IFG and 11.3% had T2DM. In individuals aged 2544 years in 20132016, IFG was observed in 21.6%, and 2.2% had T2DM (p0.05).
Lithosphere extension, which plays an essential role in plate tectonics, occurs both in continents (as rift systems) and oceans (spreading along mid-oceanic ridges). The northern Red Sea area is a unique natural geodynamic laboratory, where the ongoing transition from continental rifting to oceanic spreading can be observed.

Here, we analyze travel time data from a merged catalogue provided by the Egyptian and Saudi Arabian seismic networks to build a three-dimensional model of seismic velocities in the crust and uppermost mantle beneath the northern Red Sea and surroundings.

The derived structures clearly reveal a high-velocity anomaly coinciding with the Red Sea basin and a narrow low-velocity anomaly centered along the rift axis. We interpret these structures as a transition of lithospheric extension from continental rifting to oceanic spreading. The transitional lithosphere is manifested by a dominantly positive seismic anomaly indicating the presence of a 50–70-km-thick and 200–300-km-wide cold lithosphere. Along the forming oceanic ridge axis, an elongated low-velocity anomaly marks a narrow localized nascent spreading zone that disrupts the transitional lithosphere. Along the eastern margins of the Red Sea, the lithosphere is disturbed by the lower-velocity anomalies coinciding with areas of basaltic magmatism.
Summary Body weight is a complex trait in cattle associated with commonly used commercial breeding measurements related to growth. Although many quantitative trait loci ( QTL ) for body weight have been identified in cattle so far, searching for genetic determinants in different breeds or environments is promising. Therefore, we carried out a genome‐wide association study ( GWAS ) in two cattle populations from the Russian Federation (Siberian region) using the GGP HD 150K array containing 139 376 single nucleotide polymorphism ( SNP ) markers. Association tests for 107 550 SNP s left after filtering revealed five statistically significant SNP s on BTA 5, considering a false discovery rate of less than 0.05. The chromosomal region containing these five SNP s contains the CCND 2 gene, which was previously associated with average daily weight gain and body mass index in US beef cattle populations and in humans respectively. Our study is the first GWAS for body weight in beef cattle populations from the Russian Federation. The results provided here suggest that, despite the existence of breed‐ and species‐specific QTL , the genetic architecture of body weight could be evolutionarily conserved in mammals.
A twisted BODIPY shows efficient intersystem crossing (triplet state quantum yield: 45%) and delocalized long-lived triplet state (lifetime: 4.5 ms).
The largest f-element polystibide … …, [(Cp*2Sm)4Sb8], has been synthesized. As described by P. W. Roesky et al. in their Communication on page 5912 ff., it was obtained either from ultrasmall Sb0 nanoparticles or from Sb amalgam. In the latter case, unprecedented Sm/Sb/Hg intermediates were isolated to give some insight into the formation mechanism of polystibide compounds. In contrast, the reaction of ultrasmall Sb0 nanoparticles with [Cp*2Sm] resulted directly in the polystibide [(Cp*2Sm)4Sb8]. The largest f-element polystibide … …, [(Cp*2Sm)4Sb8], has been synthesized. As described by P. W. Roesky et al. in their Communication on page 5912 ff., it was obtained either from ultrasmall Sb0 nanoparticles or from Sb amalgam. In the latter case, unprecedented Sm/Sb/Hg intermediates were isolated to give some insight into the formation mechanism of polystibide compounds. In contrast, the reaction of ultrasmall Sb0 nanoparticles with [Cp*2Sm] resulted directly in the polystibide [(Cp*2Sm)4Sb8]. Fluorescent Probes Biophysics Biosynthesis
The nature of the sacrificial agent affects the transformations of a Zn(OH)2 co-catalyst during photocatalytic hydrogen production.
Group-IV photonic devices that contain Si and Ge are very attractive due to their compatibility with integrated silicon photonics platforms. Despite the recent progress in fabrication of Ge/Si quantum dot (QD) photodetectors, their low quantum efficiency still remains a major challenge and different approaches to improve the QD photoresponse are under investigation.

In this paper, we report on the fabrication and optical characterization of Ge/Si QD pin photodiodes integrated with photon-trapping microstructures for near-infrared photodetection. The photon traps represent vertical holes having 2D periodicity with a feature size of about 1 μm on the diode surface, which significantly increase the normal incidence light absorption of Ge/Si QDs due to generation of lateral optical modes in the wide telecommunication wavelength range.

For a hole array periodicity of 1700 nm and hole diameter of 1130 nm, the responsivity of the photon-trapping device is found to be enhanced by about 25 times at λ=1.2 μm and by 34 times at λ≈1.6 μm relative to a bare detector without holes. These results make the micro/nanohole Ge/Si QD photodiodes promising to cover the operation wavelength range from the telecom O-band (1260–1360 nm) up to the L-band (1565–1625 nm).
The authors propose to exploit a self-focusing effect in the atmosphere to assist delivering powerful laser beams. Usually, for beams with power exceeding the critical power for self-focusing, uncontrolled beam filamentation and beam break up takes place. In this work the authors demonstrate that when the self-focusing length is comparable with the atmosphere height, the catastrophic self-focusing can be greatly suppressed and a smooth compression of the whole beam is possible. To illustrate the idea, without loss of generality the authors consider a laser beam propagating vertically through the Earth's atmosphere from space to ground.
A first observation is presented for the electroweak production of a W boson, a photon, and two jets in proton-proton collisions.

The W boson decays are selected by requiring one identified electron or muon and an imbalance in transverse momentum. The two jets are required to have a high dijet mass and a large separation in pseudorapidity. The measurement is based on data collected with the CMS detector at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb−1.

The observed (expected) significance for this process is 4.9 (4.6) standard deviations. After combining with previously reported CMS results at 8 TeV, the observed (expected) significance is 5.3 (4.8) standard deviations. The cross section for the electroweak Wγjj production in a restricted fiducial region is measured as 20.4±4.5fb and the total cross section for Wγ production in association with 2 jets in the same fiducial region is 108±16fb. All results are in good agreement with recent theoretical predictions. Constraints are placed on anomalous quartic gauge couplings in terms of dimension-8 effective field theory operators.
This paper presents the fi ndings relating to iron-smelting furnaces in the Kuektanar and Turgun valleys, which were part of the Chuya–Kurai metallurgical province in the Russian Altai, and are undergoing rapid erosion. On the Chuya, downstream of the Kuektanar mouth, hitherto unknown and completely eroded remains of furnaces were discovered.

Radiocarbon dating of charcoal fragments from bloomeries at Kuektanar-1 and 2 and Turgun-1, using scintillation and AMS techniques, suggests the use of trees that grew in 5th–10th centuries AD as a fuel for metallurgical production. Dates of charcoal relating to the same iron-smelting event differ by over 300 years, probably because various parts of adult larches (Larix sibirica Ledeb.) were used. Samples of uncharred bark in bloomery 2 at Kuektanar-1 suggest that the last smelting occurred in AD 655–765.

The totality of radiocarbon dates makes it possible to conclude that the bloomeries functioned during the Old Turkic period. The proximity of iron ore sources and the abundance of forest vegetation account for the wide use of iron-smelting by the nomads in the region. The erosion of the river bank where the furnaces are located allowed us to assess the erosion rate since their construction—ca 0.5 cm per year.
The N-glycosylation of immunoglobulin G (IgG) affects its structure and function. It has been demonstrated that IgG N-glycosylation patterns are inherited as complex quantitative traits. Genome-wide association studies identified loci harboring genes encoding enzymes directly involved in protein glycosylation as well as loci likely to be involved in regulation of glycosylation biochemical pathways. Many of these loci could be linked to immune functions and risk of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The aim of the present study was to discover and replicate new loci associated with IgG N-glycosylation and to investigate possible pleiotropic effects of these loci onto immune function and the risk of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. We conducted a multivariate genome-wide association analysis of 23 IgG N-glycosylation traits measured in 8090 individuals of European ancestry. The discovery stage was followed up by replication in 3147 people and in silico functional analysis. Our study increased the total number of replicated loci from 22 to 29. For the discovered loci, we suggest a number of genes potentially involved in the control of IgG N-glycosylation. Among the new loci, two (near RNF168 and TNFRSF13B) were previously implicated in rare immune deficiencies and were associated with levels of circulating immunoglobulins. For one new locus (near AP5B1/OVOL1), we demonstrated a potential pleiotropic effect on the risk of asthma. Our findings underline an important link between IgG N-glycosylation and immune function and provide new clues to understanding their interplay.
NMR spectroscopy in combination with elemental analysis was used to study asphaltenes in biodegraded oils from Cenomanian pools of West Siberia. The sampling depths vary from 680 to 1800 m, formation temperatures – from 40°C to 70°C. For comparison, we used the data on asphaltenes in non-biodegraded oils of different genotypes. Given that biodegraded oils are very heavy (density: 910-950 kg/m3), they are characterized by high boiling point temperatures (145-270°C). Due to the loss of hydrocarbon components, they have higher resin and asphaltene content (9-20%) compared to non-degraded samples. Elemental analysis of asphaltenes in biodegraded and unaltered oils of different genotypes revealed an increasing trend for oxygen content in the asphaltenes from biodegraded samples, which may result from the oxidation of structural blocks of asphaltenes during microbial oxidation. It was shown that the aromaticity of the moderately biodegraded terrestrial-aquatic Novoaganskaya samples tends to increase with a decrease in asphaltene saturation, suggesting that the redistribution of structural groups of asphaltenes may be caused by biodegradation processes. High saturation of asphaltenes in strongly biodegraded Gubkinskaya and Novoportovskaya oils, along with a high degree of substitution of aromatic compounds in asphaltenes in Gubkinkaya oils (terrestrial and aquatic-terrestrial genotype) can be attributed to the formation of asphaltenes during strong biodegradation of hydrocarbon components in these oils.
The novel macroporous carbon-mineral Sapropel supports were obtained from lacustrine sapropel silts of freshwater lakes by annealing of semi-coke in the inert atmosphere. The specific surface area of these supports varied from 10 to 100 m2/g, the total pore volume from 0.3 cm3/g till 1.6 cm3/g; macropores of diameters more than 2 µm were predominating. The Sapropel supports were studied for the adsorption/adhesion of enzymatic active substances, such as whole bacterial cells, and invertase-active fully destroyed baker's yeast cells (autolysates), and purified enzyme nitrilase. The heterogeneous biocatalysts with required enzymatic activity were prepared and their properties were studied in the corresponding bioconversion processes. The invertase-active biocatalysts exhibited high activity, 120–135 U/g, and stability; the half-times of their inactivation (t½) were more than 1000 h in the continuous process of sucrose hydrolysis at 50°C. The nitrilase-active biocatalysts for "green" chemistry of nitriles possessed high activity, 350–500 U/g, and the t½ were estimated to be more than 100 h in the periodic process of hydration of acrylonitrile to acrylic acid at 22°C.
For a positive integer k, a group G is said to be totally k-closed if in each of its faithful permutation representations, say on a set Ω, G is the largest subgroup of Sym(Ω) which leaves invariant each of the Gorbits in the induced action on Ω × • • • × Ω = Ω k .We prove that every abelian group G is totally (n(G) + 1)-closed, but is not totally n(G)closed, where n(G) is the number of invariant factors in the invariant factor decomposition of G.In particular, we prove that for each k ≥ 2 and each prime p, there are infinitely many finite abelian p-groups which are totally k-closed but not totally (k -1)-closed.This result in the special case k = 2 is due to Abdollahi and Arezoomand.We pose several open questions about total k-closure.