Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Hypertension and bronchial asthma are a major issue for people's health. As of 2014, approximately one billion adults, or ~ 22% of the world population, have had hypertension. As of 2011, 235–330 million people globally have been affected by asthma and approximately 250,000–345,000 people have died each year from the disease. The development of the effective treatment therapies against these diseases is complicated by their comorbidity features. This is often a major problem in diagnosis and their treatment. Hence, in this study the bioinformatical methodology for the analysis of the comorbidity of these two diseases have been developed. As such, the search for candidate genes related to the comorbid conditions of asthma and hypertension can help in elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying the comorbid condition of these two diseases, and can also be useful for genotyping and identifying new drug targets. Using ANDSystem, the reconstruction and analysis of gene networks associated with asthma and hypertension was carried out. The gene network of asthma included 755 genes/proteins and 62,603 interactions, while the gene network of hypertension - 713 genes/proteins and 45,479 interactions. Two hundred and five genes/proteins and 9638 interactions were shared between asthma and hypertension. An approach for ranking genes implicated in the comorbid condition of two diseases was proposed. The approach is based on nine criteria for ranking genes by their importance, including standard methods of gene prioritization (Endeavor, ToppGene) as well as original criteria that take into account the characteristics of an associative gene network and the presence of known polymorphisms in the analysed genes. According to the proposed approach, the genes IL10, TLR4, and CAT had the highest priority in the development of comorbidity of these two diseases. Additionally, it was revealed that the list of top genes is enriched with apoptotic genes and genes involved in biological processes related to the functioning of central nervous system. The application of methods of reconstruction and analysis of gene networks is a productive tool for studying the molecular mechanisms of comorbid conditions. The method put forth to rank genes by their importance to the comorbid condition of asthma and hypertension was employed that resulted in prediction of 10 genes, playing the key role in the development of the comorbid condition. The results can be utilised to plan experiments for identification of novel candidate genes along with searching for novel pharmacological targets.
Results of the studies of water-rock interactions for the Bang thermal water system (Bang Mineral Hot Spring) in Kuang Binh province, Central Vietnam, are presented for the first time.

It was established that the thermal waters (62.1-97.1 °C) with total mineralization of 255-659 mg/dm 3 of HCO 3 -Na composition are supersaturated with respect to carbonate minerals (calcite, magnesite, and dolomite) and saturated with respect to albite, microcline, laumontite, and glaucophane. The waters with the outlet temperature of 24.3-34.5 °C, with mineralization 44-87 mg/dm 3 and composition HCO 3 -Cl-Na-Mg are unsaturated with respect to carbonates and are in the fields of stability of clay minerals: kaolinite, illite, Na-, Ca-, and Mg-montmorillonite.

Theseresults are in good agreement with the results of the isotope composition analysis of the hydrothermal vents (δD, δ 18 O and 3 H), according to which the time of water circulation for the first-group is higher than 60 years and may reach more than 1000 years, while for the second-group water it does not exceed 50 years.
Formulas relating Poincare-Steklov operators for Schroedinger equations related by Darboux-Moutard transformations are derived. They can be used for testing algorithms of reconstruction of the potential from measurements at the boundary.
This work continues a series of publications on the task approach in artificial intelligence. As noted earlier, the agent-based approach described in the monograph by Stuart Russell and Pieter Norwig “Artificial Intelligence. The Modern Approach", may be more argumentatively presented within the framework of the task approach. This paper will show that not only the problems of the bases of mathematics and artificial intelligence, but also many cognitive functions performed by humans and analyzed in cognitive sciences, can also be described and studied within the framework of the task approach. In particular, this paper shows that the analogue of the concept of task in cognitive sciences is the concept of goal and that the Functional Systems Theory (FST), which describes purposeful behavior, can be presented as the brain's solution of tasks to achieve goals and satisfaction of needs. It gives the chance to compare directly the tasks of artificial intellect with natural cognitive processes and, thereby, to reveal the list of those tasks of "natural" intellect and schemes of their solution which can be successfully used for the solution of artificial intelligence tasks.
The optical and structure properties of the PbS nanoclusters in the Langmuir-Blodgett matrix as well as their properties after the matrix removal in the ammonium atmospheres have been studied.

According to the electron microscopy data, it has been established that there are PbS nanoclusters formed on the surface of the samples.

It has been found that the matrix removal results in a significant enlargement of the PbS nanocrystals accompanied by the shift of the luminescence into the infra-red range. It has been shown that the PL intensity of PbS quantum dots (QDs) in the matrix decreases with the temperature decrease due to the carrier transfer into defect QDs whereas the the luminescence intensity of the PbS nanocrystals without a matrix grows at the temperature increase.
Emerging evidence suggests that obesity impacts brain physiology at multiple levels.

Here we aimed to clarify the relationship between obesity and brain structure using structural MRI ( n = 6420) and genetic data ( n = 3907) from the ENIGMA Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) working group. Obesity (BMI > 30) was significantly associated with cortical and subcortical abnormalities in both mass-univariate and multivariate pattern recognition analyses independent of MDD diagnosis.

The observed regional distribution and effect size of cortical thickness reductions in obesity revealed considerable similarities with corresponding patterns of lower cortical thickness in previously published studies of neuropsychiatric disorders. A higher polygenic risk score for obesity significantly correlated with lower occipital surface area. In addition, a significant age-by-obesity interaction on cortical thickness emerged driven by lower thickness in older participants. Our findings suggest a neurobiological interaction between obesity and brain structure under physiological and pathological brain conditions.
The paper is dedicated to the analysis of fusion neutron sources (NSs) based on gas–dynamic trap and the concept of gas– dynamic multiple–mirror trap. The configurations considered are predominantly designed for the use within subcritical hybrids.

The main focus of the study has been on what fusion gain can be achieved by the NSs depending on their mirror–to–mirror distance and the output power of heating systems. The analysis comprised optimizing parameters of each NS of given length and power so as to maximize its fusion gain. To provide physical credibility of the results, the searched–for NS configurations were to comply with a number of constraints on plasma characteristics. Particularly, background (maxwellized) ions had to be confined in nearly gas–dynamic regime, while transverse relative plasma pressure was limited by 0.5 from above. Lengths and heating powers of considered NSs ranged from 10 to 100 m and from 20 to 200 MW respectively.

On the basis of obtained data the coefficients of a power–law relation between fusion gain factors, lengths and heating powers have been estimated.
Neutron veto detector based on liquid scintillator containing hydrogen atoms is an integral part of any underground experiment for dark matter search. So far, a flammable mixture of liquid hydrocarbons was used as a liquid scintillator in such detectors. A safe alternative might be a liquid scintillator based on liquid argon doped with methane. In this work, we have studied the primary scintillations in pure liquid argon and its mixtures with methane, the CH4 content varying from 100 ppm to 5%. The primary scintillations have for the first time been observed in liquid argon doped with methane, in the visible and near infrared range, and their relative light yields have been measured as a function of the CH4 content.
Density functional theory was used to investigate structure and properties of polyvinyl alcohol complexes with halides of second group elements XHal 2 (X = Be, Mg, Ca, Zn, Sr, Cd, Ba, and Hg; Hal = F, Cl, Br, and I).

PVA can form hybrid interpolymeric complexes with some of them. These complexes show double spiral structure of two types.
The next generation of atomic frequency standards based on an ensemble of neutral atoms or a single-ion will provide very stringent tests in metrology, applied and fundamental physics requiring a new step in very precise control of external systematic corrections. In the proceedings of the 8th Symposium on Frequency Standards and Metrology, we present a generalization of the recent Hyper-Ramsey spectroscopy with separated oscillating fields using composites pulses in order to suppress field frequency shifts induced by the interrogation laser itself. Sequences of laser pulses including specific selection of phases, frequency detunings and durations are elaborated to generate spectroscopic signals with a strong reduction of the light-shift perturbation by off resonant states. New optical clocks based on weakly allowed or completely forbidden transitions in atoms, ions, molecules and nuclei will benefit from these generalized Ramsey schemes to reach relative accuracies well below the 10$^{-18}$ level.
We provide a detailed evaluation of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) parameters of the cis- and trans-isomers of azobenzene (AB). For determining the NMR parameters, such as proton–proton and proton–nitrogen J-couplings and chemical shifts, we compared NMR spectra of three different isotopomers of AB: the doubly 15N labeled azobenzene, 15N,15N′-AB, and two partially deuterated AB isotopomers with a single 15N atom.

For the total lineshape analysis of NMR spectra, we used the recently developed ANATOLIA software package. The determined NMR parameters allowed us to optimize experiments for investigating singlet long-lived spin states (LLSs) of 15N spin pairs and to measure LLS lifetimes in cis-AB and trans-AB. Magnetization-to-singlet-to-magnetization conversion has been performed using the SLIC and APSOC techniques, providing a degree of conversion up to 17 and 24% of the initial magnetization, respectively.

Our approach is useful for optimizing the performance of experiments with singlet LLSs; such LLSs can be exploited for preserving spin hyperpolarization, for probing slow molecular dynamics, slow chemical processes and also slow transport processes.
The new method of optically detected ESR (OD ESR) of radical-ion pairs has been used to study fast radical-cation reactions in non-polar liquid solutions. Dimeric radical-cations have been observed to occur within the time of geminate recombination with radical-ions; their generation rate has been determined. The spectral line broadening with increasing acceptor concentration has been associated with ion-molecular charge transfer; the rate of this process has also been determined.
Bread wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important agricultural plants wearing abiotic stresses, such as water deficit and cold, that cause its productivity reduction. Since resistance to abiotic factors is a multigenic trait, therefore modern genome-wide approaches can help to involve various genetic material in breeding. One technique is full transcriptome analysis that reveals groups of stress response genes serving marker-assisted selection markers. Comparing transcriptome profiles of the same genetic material under several stresses is essential and makes the whole picture. Here, we addressed this by studying the transcriptomic response to water deficit and cold stress for two evolutionarily distant bread wheat varieties: stress-resistant cv. Saratovskaya 29 (S29) and stress-sensitive cv. Yanetzkis Probat (YP). For the first time, transcriptomes for these cultivars grown under abiotic stress conditions were obtained using Illumina based MACE technology. We identified groups of genes involved in response to cold and water deficiency stresses, including responses to each stress factor and both factors simultaneously that may be candidates for resistance genes. We discovered a core group of genes that have a similar pattern of stress-induced expression changes. The particular expression pattern was revealed not only for the studied varieties but also for the published transcriptomic data on cv. Jing 411 and cv. Fielder. Comparative transcriptome profiling of cv. S29 and cv. YP in response to water deficit and cold stress confirmed the hypothesis that stress-induced expression change is unequal within a homeologous gene group. As a rule, at least one changed significantly while the others had a relatively lower expression. Also, we found several SNPs distributed throughout the genomes of cv. S29 and cv. YP and distinguished the studied varieties from each other and the reference cv. Chinese Spring. Our results provide new data for genomics-assisted breeding of stress-tolerant wheat cultivars.
This paper presents the results of electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction studies of the recovered carbonaceous residue (soot) from the detonation of some high explosives: TNT, a mixture of TNT and RDX (50/50), benzotrifuroxane, and triaminotrinitrobenzene. The use of the same experimental setup allowed a qualitative and quantitative comparison of the detonation products formed under similar conditions.

The results clearly show differences in the morphology of graphite-like and diamond inclusions and in the quantitative content of nanodiamonds for the explosives used in this study.
The article is devoted to the characteristics of environmental investments in the Russian Federation, which are divided into two types: the first investments are aimed at the development and implementation of environmentally friendly production technologies; the second investments are directed to the commissioning of environmental protection and nature-cleaning fixed assets. Investments of the second type are considered in more detail. The data of modern statistics show the reduction of organizations with special costs, associated with investments in the construction of environmental facilities.

The dynamics of 'green' investments, their structure by directions and sources of financing are analyzed. Economic methods to stimulate environmental investments of enterprises and increase, targeted government spending on the environment, are proposed.

As a result, we can consider that transition is needed from the residual principle of financing environmental protection to a directed increase in targeted government spending.
The results of the study of processes occurring in supersonic flows of gas mixtures under the influence of high voltage electron beam are presented. The research was performed on the gas-dynamic complex of experimental installations located in the Department of Applied Physics of Novosibirsk State University. Spectral methods and molecular beam mass spectrometry were used to diagnose the processes. A significant difference in the clustered argon mass spectra was found in comparison of spectrum recorded during ionization by a quadrupole mass spectrometer own ionizer and spectrum obtained with the transport of ions formed by an electron beam in the jet through a skimmer to the mass spectrometer detector (without using an ionizer of spectrometer). The second variant of gas flow ionization presents the possibility of registering the mass spectrum of a hydrocarbon series with features indicating the occurrence of heavier hydrocarbons in the jet. The mechanism of intracluster energy exchange with the transfer of excitation initiated by electrons with subsequent intense radiation at certain wavelengths of a neutral argon atom was detected and identified.
Our aim was to study the effect of depression and social support on the risk of type 2 diabetes in female population aged 25-64 in Russia / Siberia. Under the screening surveys random representative samples of women aged 25-64 years were examined in 1994 and 2005. Depression assessment was performed using the MONICA- MOPSY test. Social support was measured using the Berkman-Sim test. From 1994 to 2018 in a cohort of women new-onset cases of diabetes mellitus were detected. The risk of T2DM in persons with depression was 1.844 (p<0.01). After adjusting for sociodemographic variables, the risk decreased by 6% but remained significantly significant (p <0.05). The impact of a low level of social relations showed a significant effect on the risk of diabetes mellitus, including the multivariate model adjusted for the social gradient (HR=1.833, p<0.05). The presence of psychosocial factors decreases the protective effect of education in diabetes incidence. The incidence of T2D was higher in the group of manual labor and in executives. Depression and low social support increase the risk of T2DM by 80%. The frequencies of T2DM are determined by the social gradient and are associated with the role conflict “family-work”.
Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is DNA repair system responsible to remove bulky lesions from DNA. These lesions appear in DNA as consequence of UV-light irradiation or environmental stress. Study of NER is extremely important to improve action of chemotherapeutic drugs.

In vitro NER-assay and photoaffinity modification were used. Long linear DNA analogs mimicking NER substrates have been synthesized. DNA analogs are 137-mer duplexes containing in their internal positions nucleotides with bulky substitutes imitating lesions with fluorochloroazidopyridyl and fluorescein groups introduced using spacer fragments at the 4N and 5C positions of dCMP and dUMP (Fap-dC-and Flu-dU-DNA) and DNA containing a (+)-cis-stereoisomer of benzo[a]pyrene-N2-deoxyguanosine (BP-dG-DNA). The interaction of the modified DNA duplexes with the proteins of NER-competent HeLa extract was investigated. The substrate properties of the model DNA in the reaction of specific excision were shown to vary in the row Fap-dC-DNA << Flu-dU-DNA < BP-dG-DNA.

In vitro assay show that DNA analogs represent an interesting tool for the estimation of cellular repair activities. The developed approach should be of general use for the incorporation of NER-sensitive distortions into model DNA and seems to be very promising for repair mechanism studies.
This issue of the Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding is composed of reports of top Russian breeders delivered at the scientific session of the RAS Department of Agricultural Sciences “Scientific support of the efficient development of crop breeding and seed production in the Russian Federation” held in Moscow on December 7, 2020.
The exclusive production of one ${\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ pair in collisions of two ultrarelativistic nuclei is considered.

We present a simple method for the calculation of the Born cross section for this process based on an improved equivalent photon approximation. We calculate also the cross section for the production of one ${\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ pair and several ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ pairs in the leading logarithmic approximation.

We find that the Coulomb corrections to this cross section (corresponding to multiphoton exchange of the produced ${\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$ with the nuclei) are small, whereas the unitarity corrections (corresponding to the exchange of light-by-light blocks between nuclei) are large. This is in sharp contrast to the exclusive ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ pair production where the Coulomb corrections to the Born cross section are large, whereas the unitarity corrections are small. Using this cross section we find that the inclusive production of ${\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ pair coincides in this approximation with its Born value.
Terephthalonitrile dianion couples with biphenylcarbonitriles providing dicyanosubstituted mand p-terphenyls.

The influence of the cyano group position in biphenylcarbonitrile on the structure of the terphenyl scaffold is discussed.
Background/Aim: We previously have described the "3+1" tumors cure approach consisting of individual time schedule of cyclophosphamide and dsDNA preparation administrations. The aim of the study was to adapt the "3+1" approach based on eradication of cancer stem cells to the model of murine ascitic cyclophosphamide-resistant lymphosarcoma (RLS). Materials and Methods: Adaptation of the "3+1" approach includes the identification of the timing to disrupt the tumorigenic potential of a certain tumor. Results: The proposed therapeutic scheme allowed complete reduction of primary RLS ascites in experimental animals. However, reduction of primary ascites due to the complementary action of cyclophosphamide and dsDNA was inevitably followed by the development of a secondary one, most likely arising from a solid carcinomatous formation in the peritoneal wall. Conclusion: The "3+1" approach resulted in the elimination of cancer stem cells, and, as a consequence, in the complete reduction of RLS ascites.
We perform the systematic numerical study of high vorticity structures that develop in the 3D incompressible Euler equations from generic large-scale initial conditions. We observe that a multitude of high vorticity structures appear in the form of thin vorticity sheets (pancakes). Our analysis reveals the self-similarity of the pancakes evolution, which is governed by two different exponents e−t/Tℓ and et/Tω describing compression in the transverse direction and the vorticity growth, respectively, with the universal ratio Tℓ/Tω ≈ 2/3. We relate development of these structures to the gradual formation of the Kolmogorov energy spectrum Ek ∝ k−5/3, which we observe in a fully inviscid system. With the spectral analysis, we demonstrate that the energy transfer to small scales is performed through the pancake structures, which accumulate in the Kolmogorov interval of scales and evolve according to the scaling law ωmax ∝ ℓ−2/3 for the local vorticity maximums ωmax and the transverse pancake scales ℓ.
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) regulate RNA metabolism, from synthesis to decay. When bound to RNA, RBPs act as guardians of the genome integrity at different levels, from DNA damage prevention to the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Recently, RBPs have been shown to participate in DNA repair. This fact is of special interest as DNA repair pathways do not generally involve RNA.

DNA damage in higher organisms triggers the formation of the RNA-like polymer - poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR). Nucleic acid-like properties allow PAR to recruit DNA- and RNA-binding proteins to the site of DNA damage. Cytoplasmic biomolecules are subjected to similar sorting during the formation of RNA assemblages by functionally related mRNAs and promiscuous RBPs. The Y-box-binding protein 1 (YB-1) is the major component of cytoplasmic RNA granules.

It is suggested that poly(ADP-ribose) and RBPs not only modulate the activities of DNA repair factors, but that they also play an important role in the formation of transient repairosome complexes in the nucleus. Although YB-1 is a classic RNA-binding protein, it is now regarded as a non-canonical factor of DNA repair.