Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
We consider the optical fiber channel modeled by the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with zero dispersion and additive Gaussian noise.

Using the Feynman path-integral approach for the model, we find corrections to conditional probability density function, output signal distribution, conditional and output signal entropies, and the channel capacity at large signal-to-noise ratio.

We demonstrate that the correction to the channel capacity is positive for large signal power. Therefore, this correction increases the earlier calculated capacity for a nondispersive nonlinear optical fiber channel in the intermediate power region.
Thermocapillary deformations of horizontal self-rewetting layer of liquid (solution of 1-butanol of 5% concentration in water) when heated from a localized hot spot were studied experimentally.

Measurements of the liquid layer deformations were performed using the confocal techniques with three-dimensional positioning system having high-speed linear actuator.

Effect of equalizing the profile of the liquid surface over the heating area has been observed before the layer breakdown. The potential interest of the proposed studies induces by the large number of possible industrial applications, including space technologies and terrestrial applications, such as cooling of electronic components.
The necessity for studies and sharing the experience of Russian academic university libraries in collection development is substantiated. The main trends for the collection development in the 21-st century are revealed and examined as the case study of Novosibirsk State University Library.NovosibirskUniversityis among the nation’s leading research universities. The authors specify the trends of modernization, globalization, collection development with digital publications, and the increasing share of the latter in the Library’s acquisitions and, correspondingly, in the collection, on the whole. They also emphasize the relations and mutual dependence of these and other trends within the collection development process. The factors of successful collection development at the Library are recommended to be implemented by other libraries. High professional competences of collection development specialists and other librarians, the wide range of the collection development sources and their stability, and university administration’s special care of the library collections are specified among these factors. The authors conclude that Novosibirsk State University Library has accumulated great experience in collection development in the circumstances of information society, advance of information technologies, expanding globalization, university integration into the global education, science and research environment. This experience can be shared with many other university libraries.
Random distributed feedback fibre lasers belong to the class of random lasers, where the feedback is provided by amplified Rayleigh scattering on sub-micron refractive index inhomogenities randomly distributed over the fibre length. Despite the elastic nature of Rayleigh scattering, the feedback mechanism has been insofar deemed incoherent, which corresponds to the commonly observed smooth generation spectra.

Here, using a real-time spectral measurement technique based on a scanning Fabry-Pérot interferometer, we observe long-living narrowband components in the random fibre laser’s spectrum. Statistical analysis of the ∼10 4 single-scan spectra reveals a preferential interspacing for the components and their anticorrelation in intensities. Furthermore, using mutual information analysis, we confirm the existence of nonlinear correlations between different parts of the random fibre laser spectra.

The existence of such narrowband spectral components, together with their observed correlations, establishes a long-missing parallel between the fields of random fibre lasers and conventional random lasers.
Adding the previous KEDR results on hadronic and leptonic channels

The product of the electronic width of the ψ(2S) meson and the branching fraction of its decay to the muon pair was measured in the e⁺e⁻ → ψ(2S) → μ⁺μ⁻ process using nine data sets corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 6.5 pb⁻¹ collected with the KEDR detector at the VEPP-4M electron-positron collider

Γₑₑ×ℬₘₘ = 19.3 ± 0.3 ± 0.5 eV. The values of the ψ(2S) electronic width were obtained under two assumptions: either with the assumption of lepton universality Γₑₑ = 2.279 ± 0.015 ± 0.042 keV or without it, summing up hadronic and three independent leptonic channels: Γₑₑ = 2.282 ± 0.015 ± 0.042 keV
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia and is currently incurable, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38 is implicated in the pathogenesis of AD. p38 MAPK inhibition is considered a promising strategy against AD, but there are no safe inhibitors capable of penetrating the blood-brain barrier. Earlier, we have shown that mitochondria-targeted antioxidant plastoquinonyl-decyltriphenylphosphonium (SkQ1) at nanomolar concentrations can prevent, slow down, or partially alleviate AD-like pathology in accelerated-senescence OXYS rats. Here we confirmed that dietary supplementation with SkQ1 during active progression of AD-like pathology in OXYS rats (aged 12-18 months) suppresses AD-like pathology progression, and for the first time, we showed that its effects are associated with suppression of p38 MAPK signaling pathway (MAPKsp) activity. Transcriptome analysis, western blotting, and immunofluorescent staining revealed that SkQ1 suppresses p38 MAPKsp activity in the hippocampus at the level of expression of genes involved in the p38 MAPKsp and reduces the phosphorylation of intermediate kinases (p38 MAPK and MK2) and a downstream protein (αB-crystallin). Thus, the anti-AD effects of SkQ1 are associated with improvement in the functioning of relevant signaling pathways and intracellular processes, thus making it a promising therapeutic agent for human AD.
The spectral study results of a supersonic clustered argon flow stimulated emission in the region of particle excitation (on an electron beam) and downstream are presented.

Anomalies in the luminescence of the traditional spindle-shaped jet and the flow of heavy clusters ("wake") are discussed.

Possible causes of the observed anomalous phenomena are presented on the basis of the given comparisons of the results obtained.
Vanadium‐doped Bi 2– x Te 2.4 Se 0.6 single crystals, with x = 0.015 and 0.03, are grown by the Bridgman method. Bandstructure characterization by angle‐resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) measurements shows gapless topological surface states for both vanadium concentrations. The Van‐der‐Pauw resistivity, the Hall charge carrier density, and the mobility in the temperature range from 0.3 to 300 K are strongly dependent on vanadium concentration, with carrier densities as low as 1.5 × 10 16 cm −3 and mobilities as high as 570 cm 2 V −1 s −1 . As expected for transport in gapless topological surface states, the resistivity, carrier density, and mobility are constant below 10 K. The magnetoresistance shows weak antilocalization for both vanadium concentrations in the same temperature range. The weak antilocalization is analyzed with the Hikami–Larkin–Nagaoka model, which yields phase‐coherence lengths of up to 250 nm for x = 0.015.
A trend in the global technological progress in the last few decades is the development of microsystem technology, microelectromechanical systems and corresponding technologies. Fluid mixing is an extremely important process widely used in various microfluidic devices (chemical microreactors, chemical and biological analyzers, drug delivery systems, etc.). To increase the mixing rate, it is necessary to use special devices: micromixers.

This paper presents the results of a hydrodynamic simulation of Y-shaped micromixers. Flows are analyzed for both low and moderate Reynolds numbers. The passive and active mixers are considered. The dependence of the mixing efficiency on the Reynolds and Péclet numbers, as well as the possibility of using the hydrophobic and ultra-hydrophobic coatings is analyzed.

Five different flow regimes were identified: (1) stationary vortex-free flow (Re < 5); (2) stationary symmetric vortex flow with two horseshoe vortices (5 < Re < 150); (3) stationary asymmetric vortex flow (150 < Re < 240); (4) non-stationary periodic flow (240 < Re < 400); and (5) stochastic flow (Re > 400). The maximum mixing efficiency was obtained for stationary asymmetric vortex flow.
Проблема и цель.Возможности и следствия заявленного Китаем проекта «Один поясодин путь» являются крайне неопределенными.Целесообразно рассмотреть проект через призму наиболее релевантных макросоциологических парадигм.

Методология.Идея китайского проекта и сведения о начале его реализации сопоставляются с основными понятиями, моделями, схемами маскросоциологических парадигм, позволяющих выявлять вероятные направления динамики и потенциальные локусы напряжений
An experimental model of the evaporative cooling system of a single powerful LED with a natural circulation of the coolant capable of removing a heat flux density of more than 1 kW / cm2 is created.

It is shown that on the finned surfaces the overheating relative to the saturation temperature in comparison with a smooth surface decreases up to three times for the heater with a diameter of 5 mm. There is up to two times increase in heat transfer coefficient on finned surfaces as compared to the smooth ones.

For finned surfaces on the heater with a diameter of 1 mm the surface overheating relative to the saturation temperature decreases in four times. More than three times increase is observed for the heat transfer coefficient on finned surfaces as compared to the smooth ones.
The Electromagnetic Calorimeter (ECAL), one of the main subsystems of the CMS detector, measures the energies of electrons and photons. The ECAL consists of 75848 lead tungstate (PbWO 4 ) crystals. The transparency of crystals is affected by irradiation, and the laser monitoring system is designed to measure the transparency changes for each ECAL crystal over time. In the future, the High-Luminosity LHC upgrade will increase the integrated luminosuty of the LHC and lead to higher radiation damage in all components of the CMS detector. In this work we report the proposed upgrade for the laser monitoring system and the results of computing crystal transparencies based on Run 2 data.
The measurements of the plasma velocity in the SMOLA helical mirror by observation of the Doppler shift of the Hα spectral lines emission were done by high spatial resolution spectrometer. A set of experiments was carried out with the different configuration and amplitude of the magnetic field. Potential is driven by plasma gun potentials. The radial distribution of the Doppler shift of the Hα line is used to calculate the velocity of neutral hydrogen, which gives the estimate of the plasma rotation velocity ω ≈ 106 s−1. The indicated velocity corresponds to the presence of the radial electric field E ∼ 70 V/cm. The dependence of the plasma rotation velocity on the radial profile of the electrostatic potential is discussed.
Regular operation of the VEPP-2000 electron-positron collider started at the end of 2010 and about 60 pb−1 were collected so far by the CMD-3 detector in the whole available c.m. energy range from 0.32 GeV to 2.0 GeV.

One of the main goals of the experiments at VEPP-2000 is a sub-percent measurement of the e+e− → π+π− cross-section.

Here we present the overview of the data analysis techniques and the preliminary results of this measurement.
The article raises the issues on the abuse of the right to perform abortions, which has always been relevant for the modern society. The article gives the historical outline of the Russian demographic policy for legalizing (and/or sponsoring) abortion and analyzes possible positive/negative socio-economic consequences thereof. The work presents a brief overview of the formation of modern cultural and religious ethos of the contemporary Russia, which inter alia is supposed to influence the indicator under study.

The article puts forward a hypothesis which is tested on religious composition data of the Russian population and on the quantitative level of abortions by the regions for 2 periods.

On the basis of regression analysis, it can be concluded that today there is an existing link between the share of atheists in the modern society and the quantitative abortion rate in the Russian Federation.
This was preceded by the long and quite successful work of the B-factories of previous generations, including the Belle experiment, to which Belle II is a successor.

In 2018, the Belle II experiment, aimed at detailed studies of B-mesons, started operation at the Super-KEKB electron–positron collider at KEK (Japan).

This experiment is unique, having no counterparts or competitors in the world. The spectrum of problems it is aimed at is quite broad: from studies of hadronic states containing heavy quarks to precision measurements and the search for New Physics beyond the Standard Model. This review describes specific features of the Belle II experiment, its ambitious goals and specific tasks, expected results of its work, and hopes related to its successful implementation.
An antiferromagnetically (AFM) coupled biradical based on oxoverdazyl and nitronylnitroxide was synthesized in 46 % yield using Sonogashira coupling.

The obtained heterobiradical evidenced distinct properties of both radical entities in solution. Depending on the solvent, the prepared biradical crystallized in two different forms. SQUID magnetization measurements on Form II showed coupling constants JintraII /kB =-2.1 K and zJinterII /kB =-11.5 K. Further, DFT calculations explained this phenomenon and indicated the advantage of Form I for further in-depth investigations.

Consequently, total intermolecular exchange interactions are five times larger than the intramolecular ones.
Recent results suggest that during evolution certain substitutions at protein sites may occur in a coordinated manner due to interactions between amino acid residues. Information on these coordinated substitutions may be useful for analysis of protein structure and function. CRASP is an Internet-available software tool for the detection and analysis of coordinated substitutions in multiple alignments of protein sequences. The approach is based on estimation of the correlation coefficient between the values of a physicochemical parameter at a pair of positions of sequence alignment. The program enables the user to detect and analyze pairwise relationships between amino acid substitutions at protein sequence positions, estimate the contribution of the coordinated substitutions to the evolutionary invariance or variability in integral protein physicochemical characteristics such as the net charge of protein residues and hydrophobic core volume. The CRASP program is available at http://wwwmgs.bionet.nsc.ru/mgs/programs/crasp/.
In the framework of the method for producing gas hydrates based on the self-organizing cyclic boiling-condensation process of a hydrate-forming gas in a water volume, a study was conducted aimed at determining the effect of the boiling intensity of liquefied gas in the water volume on the hydrate formation process.
The study of the gene polymorphism of the system of biotransformation of xenobiotics is an important area of modern medical and genetic research.

The aim of this work is to study the frequency of the alleles of the CYP1A1 (A2455G (*2C), rs1048943), CYP2D6 (A2549del (*3), rs35742686); G1846A (*4), rs3892097) genes of Teleuts (n = 115), Eastern Buryats (n = 132), Western Buryats (n = 280), their Métis (n = 56), and Russians of East Siberia (n = 122). Genotyping was performed using real-time PCR with competitive TaqMan allele-specific probes.

The frequency of the CYP1A1*2C (2455G) allele was 28.8 % in the Eastern Buryat, 34.6 % in the Western Buryat, 16.7 % in the Teleut, and 31.3 % in the Métis cohort. The frequency of CYP1A1*2C (2455G) in the Russians of Eastern Siberia (4.1 %) corresponds to the frequency range found in European populations. A high-frequency occurrence of CYP1A1*2C (2455G) among Buryats and Teleuts may be indicative of a higher population-wide risk of diseases influenced by technogenic pollutants – substrates of CYP1A1. The CYP2D6*3 (2549del) allele was not detected in cohorts of indigenous populations, among Russians it was 0.4 %, and it was 2.7 % among Métis. The frequency of CYP2D6*4 (1846A) in Eastern and Western Buryats was 5.3 % and 4.3 %, respectively, for Teleuts it was 7.4 %. It was significantly higher in the Russian population (12 %), and among Métis (9.8 %). The obtained data makes it possible to predict a reduced risk of side effects of drugs and cancer associated with CYP2D6*3 (2549del) and CYP2D6*4 (1846A) in the Buryat and Teleut populations. However, metisation introduces new polymorphic variants into indigenous populations, shifts gene frequencies and changes the degree of risks.
This work is devoted to the study of the phenomenon of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) in Au nanocluster arrays using optical reflection spectroscopy.

Arrays of nanoclusters having the shape of a cylinder, the diameter and period of which vary in the range of 30-150 and 130-200 nm, respectively, were manufactured on Si and Si / SiO 2 substrates by electron beam lithography.From a comparison of experimental reflection spectra with numerically calculated by finite difference time domain method (FDTD), the structural parameters of the model of plasmon nanostructures, used later for the calculation of absorption spectra of plasmon structures, were determined.The LSPR frequencies were determined by the maximum of the absorption spectra.

This study revealed a strong dependence of the LSPR frequency position on the size of nanoclusters, the distance between nanoclusters, and the thickness of the SiO 2 layer in the nanometer range.Particular attention was paid to the observation of the reflection spectra of the formation of a transverse plasmon mode propagating along the surface of the substrate and polarized perpendicular to the surface.We associate the excitation of this mode with the scattering of the electromagnetic field on neighboring nanoclusters.The proposed method provides the possibility of rapid determination of the frequency position of the LSPR in the optical reflection spectra, which is especially important in the case of opaque substrates (including Si and Si / SiO 2 substrates), for which the measurement of optical absorption is impossible.A wide range of potential applications for metallic nanostructures with well-controlled plasmon properties includes surface-enhanced infrared absorption, photoluminescence, and Raman scattering, as well as signal transmission in silicon Photonics.
We compare four numerical methods for the prediction of missing values in four different datasets [1]. These methods are 1) the hierarchical maximum likelihood estimation (ℋ‐MLE), and three machine learning (ML) methods, which include 2) k‐nearest neighbors (kNN), 3) random forest, and 4) Deep Neural Network (DNN). From the ML methods, the best results (for considered datasets) were obtained by the kNN method with three (or seven) neighbors. On one dataset, the MLE method showed a smaller error than the kNN method, whereas, on another, the kNN method was better. The MLE method requires a lot of linear algebra computations and works fine on almost all datasets. Its result can be improved by taking a smaller threshold and more accurate hierarchical matrix arithmetics. To our surprise, the well‐known kNN method produces similar results as ℋ‐MLE and worked much faster.
Nuclear spin polarization can be significantly increased through the process of hyperpolarization, leading to an increase in the sensitivity of nuclear magnetic resonance experiments by 4–8 orders of magnitude. Hyperpolarized gases can be more readily separated from the compounds used to mediate the hyperpolarization processes. These pure hyperpolarized gases enabled many novel MRI applications including the visualization of void spaces, imaging of lung function, remote detection, etc. This article covers the fundamentals of the preparation of hyperpolarized gases and focuses on selected applications of interest to biomedicine and materials science. More information can be found in the Minireview by E. Y. Chekmenev et al. on page 725 ff. Nuclear spin polarization can be significantly increased through the process of hyperpolarization, leading to an increase in the sensitivity of nuclear magnetic resonance experiments by 4–8 orders of magnitude. Hyperpolarized gases can be more readily separated from the compounds used to mediate the hyperpolarization processes. These pure hyperpolarized gases enabled many novel MRI applications including the visualization of void spaces, imaging of lung function, remote detection, etc. This article covers the fundamentals of the preparation of hyperpolarized gases and focuses on selected applications of interest to biomedicine and materials science. More information can be found in the Minireview by E. Y. Chekmenev et al. on page 725 ff.
Background MicroRNAs proceeds through the different canonical and non-canonical pathways; the most frequent of the non-canonical ones is the splicing-dependent biogenesis of mirtrons. We compare the mirtrons and non-mirtrons of human and mouse to explore how their maturation appears in the precursor structure around the miRNA.

Results We found the coherence of the overhang lengths what indicates the dependence between the cleavage sites. To explain this dependence we suggest the 2-lever model of the Dicer structure that couples the imprecisions in Drosha and Dicer. Considering the secondary structure of all animal pre-miRNAs we confirmed that single-stranded nucleotides tend to be located near the miRNA boundaries and in its center and are characterized by a higher mutation rate. The 5′ end of the canonical 5′ miRNA approaches the nearest single-stranded nucleotides what suggests the extension of the loop-counting rule from the Dicer to the Drosha cleavage site. A typical structure of the annotated mirtron pre-miRNAs differs from the canonical pre-miRNA structure and possesses the 1- and 2nt hanging ends at the hairpin base. Together with the excessive variability of the mirtron Dicer cleavage site (that could be partially explained by guanine at its ends inherited from splicing) this is one more evidence for the 2-lever model. In contrast with the canonical miRNAs the mirtrons have higher snp densities and their pre-miRNAs are inversely associated with diseases. Therefore we supported the view that mirtrons are under positive selection while canonical miRNAs are under negative one and we suggested that mirtrons are an intrinsic source of silencing variability which produces the disease-promoting variants. Finally, we considered the interference of the pre-miRNA structure and the U2snRNA:pre-mRNA basepairing. We analyzed the location of the branchpoints and found that mirtron structure tends to expose the branchpoint site what suggests that the mirtrons can readily evolve from occasional hairpins in the immediate neighbourhood of the 3′ splice site.

Conclusion The miRNA biogenesis manifests itself in the footprints of the secondary structure. Close inspection of these structural properties can help to uncover new pathways of miRNA biogenesis and to refine the known miRNA data, in particular, new non-canonical miRNAs may be predicted or the known miRNAs can be re-classified.