Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
The aim of the study was to establish the association of the prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD) and sleep disorders among men between the ages of 25 and 64 belonging to an open population of a medium-sized urban city of Western Siberia.

Materials and methods . A cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted on a representative sample of the population among males of 25–64 years old in Tyumen. The prevalence of coronary heart disease was determined based on standard epidemiological methods. Self-assessments by participants in the study of quality of sleep was determined by the World Health Organization (WHO) Monitoring Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease-Psychosocial Program (WHO MONICA-psychosocial). When calculating the odds ratio of developing coronary heart disease), self-reports of satisfactory, good, or very good sleep were regarded as a lack of an indicator; while very bad and bad sleep were considered positive indicators.

Results. The prevalence of CHD according to the extended epidemiological criteria for men in an open urban population was 12.4%; the detection rate of “definite” and “possible” CHD was almost equal. The age-standardized prevalence rate of sleep disorders was 50.9%. There is a significant risk of developing CHD with extended criteria (5.05), as well as “definite” (5.28) and “possible” (3.13) forms in the male population at 25–64 years of age. In the 55 to 64 age group, there is a significant risk of developing CHD according to the extended criteria (5.57) and the “definite” form of CHD (10.21). Conclusion. Thus, the findings suggest the importance of further study of sleep disorders in working age men in Siberian populations, its relationships with conventional and non-conventional risk factors of CHD, as well as the feasibility of preventive measures aimed at reducing the influence of psycho-emotional stress factors among the Russian population.
The intramembrane proteolytic activities of presenilins (PSEN1/PS1 and PSEN2/PS2) underlie production of β-amyloid, the key process in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Dysregulation of presenilin-mediated signaling is linked to cancers. Inhibition of the γ-cleavage activities of PSENs that produce Aβ, but not the ε-like cleavage activity that release physiologically essential transcription activators, is a potential approach for the development of rational therapies for AD. In order to identify whether different activities of PSEN1 can be dissociated, we designed multiple mutations in the evolutionary conserved sites of PSEN1. We tested them in vitro and in vivo assays and compared their activities with mutant isoforms of presenilin-related intramembrane di-aspartyl protease (IMPAS1 (IMP1)/signal peptide peptidase (SPP)). PSEN1 auto-cleavage was more resistant to the mutation remodeling than the ε-like proteolysis. PSEN1 with a G382A or a P433A mutation in evolutionary invariant sites retains functionally important APP ε- and Notch S3- cleavage activities, but G382A inhibits APP γ-cleavage and Aβ production and a P433A elevates Aβ. The G382A variant cannot restore the normal cellular ER Ca2+ leak in PSEN1/PSEN2 double knockout cells, but efficiently rescues the loss-of-function (Egl) phenotype of presenilin in C. elegans. We found that, unlike in PSEN1 knockout cells, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ leak is not changed in the absence of IMP1/SPP. IMP1/SPP with the analogous mutations retained efficiency in cleavage of transmembrane substrates and rescued the lethality of Ce-imp-2 knockouts. In summary, our data show that mutations near the active catalytic sites of intramembrane di-aspartyl proteases have different consequences on proteolytic and signaling functions.
Random distributed feedback fibre lasers belong to the class of random lasers, where the feedback is provided by amplified Rayleigh scattering on sub-micron refractive index inhomogenities randomly distributed over the fibre length. Despite the elastic nature of Rayleigh scattering, the feedback mechanism has been insofar deemed incoherent, which corresponds to the commonly observed smooth generation spectra. Here, using a real-time spectral measurement technique based on a scanning Fabry-Pérot interferometer, we observe long-living narrowband components in the random fibre laser’s spectrum. Statistical analysis of the ∼10 4 single-scan spectra reveals a preferential interspacing for the components and their anticorrelation in intensities. Furthermore, using mutual information analysis, we confirm the existence of nonlinear correlations between different parts of the random fibre laser spectra. The existence of such narrowband spectral components, together with their observed correlations, establishes a long-missing parallel between the fields of random fibre lasers and conventional random lasers.
Molecular mobility has been traditionally invoked to explain physical and chemical stability of diverse pharmaceutical systems. Although the molecular mobility concept has been credited with creating a scientific basis for stabilization of amorphous pharmaceuticals and biopharmaceuticals, it has become increasingly clear that this approach represents only a partial description of the underlying fundamental principles. An additional mechanism is proposed herein to address 2 key questions: (1) the existence of unfrozen water (i.e., partial or complete freezing inhibition) in aqueous solutions at subzero temperatures and (2) the role of water in the chemical stability of amorphous pharmaceuticals. These apparently distant phenomena are linked via the concept of water clusters. In particular, freezing inhibition is associated with the confinement of water clusters in a solidified matrix of an amorphous solute, with nanoscaled water clusters being observed in aqueous glasses using wide-angle neutron scattering. The chemical instability is suggested to be directly related to the catalysis of proton transfer by water clusters, considering that proton transfer is the key elementary reaction in many chemical processes, including such common reactions as hydrolysis and deamidation.
In this paper we present experimental data on heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics at flow boiling of refrigerant R-134a in a horizontal microchannel heat sink.

The copper microchannel heat sink contains 21 microchannels with 335 × 930 μm2 cross section. The microchannel plate and heating block were divided by the partition wall for the local heat flux measurements. Distribution of local heat transfer coefficients along the length and width of the microchannel plate was measured in the range of external heat fluxes from 50 to 500 kW/m2; the mass flux varied within 200–600 kg/m2-s, and pressure varied within 6–16 bar.

The obvious impact of heat flux on the magnitude of heat transfer coefficient was observed. It showed that nucleate boiling is the dominant mechanism for heat transfer. A new model of flow boiling heat transfer, considering nucleate boiling suppression and liquid film evaporation, was proposed and verified experimentally in this paper.
A measurement of the CP asymmetry in B0 -> K*0 mu+ mu- decays is presented, based on 1.0fb-1 of pp collision data recorded by the LHCb experiment during 2011.

The measurement is performed in six bins of invariant mass squared of the mu+ mu- pair, excluding the J/psi and psi(2S) resonance regions. Production and detection asymmetries are removed using the B0 -> J/Psi K*0 decay as a control mode.

The integrated CP asymmetry is found to be -0.072 +- 0.040 (stat.) +- 0.005 (syst.), consistent with the Standard Model.
The formation of the MS cluster starting from insulin resistance (IR), visceral obesity, dyslipidemia, arterial hypertension and carbohydrate metabolism disorders (CMD) against the background of estrogenic deficiency defines postmenopause as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and increased cardiovascular risk. The TyG index (logarithmic ratio of triglyceride and fasting plasma glucose levels) is proposed for surrogate evaluation of IR, reflecting an integrated approach to metabolic disorders.

Aim: To assess the relationship between the TyG Index and HOMA2-IR and its informativeness in predicting the risk of DM2 in women in postmenopause. Materials and methods: TyG and HOMA2-IR indices (C-peptide) were determined in 94 postmenopausal women 58.02 ± 5.88 years of age, evaluated according to NCEP ATP III criteria and divided into groups: 1st - DM2, 2nd - prediabetes, 3rd - without CMD (HbAlc 7.3 ± 1.0; 6.2 ± 0.2 and 5.5 ± 0.4%, respectively). By means of SPSS (version 17) we evaluated ME (25-75%); intergroup differences by Mann-Whitney criteria; we performed correlation and ROC-analysis.

Results: TyG correlates with HOMA2IR in group 2 (R = 0.61; p = 0.013) and 3 (R = 0.60; p = 0.001). In the process of ROC-analysis cut-off for TyG was revealed, reflecting the chance of presence of DM2 in groups 2 and 3: 7.5 (sensitivity 0.938 and specificity 0.813) and 8.0 (sensitivity 0.894 and specificity 0.810), respectively. Conclusion: TyG index allows predicting the development of dysglycemia in women in postmenopause with the signs of MS through the phenomenon of lipoglucotoxicity.
Alterations in white matter (WM) microstructure have been implicated in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, previous findings have been inconsistent, partially due to low statistical power and the heterogeneity of depression.

In the largest multi-site study to date, we examined WM anisotropy and diffusivity in 1305 MDD patients and 1602 healthy controls (age range 12–88 years) from 20 samples worldwide, which included both adults and adolescents, within the MDD Working Group of the Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) consortium. Processing of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data and statistical analyses were harmonized across sites and effects were meta-analyzed across studies.

We observed subtle, but widespread, lower fractional anisotropy (FA) in adult MDD patients compared with controls in 16 out of 25 WM tracts of interest (Cohen's d between 0.12 and 0.26). The largest differences were observed in the corpus callosum and corona radiata. Widespread higher radial diffusivity (RD) was also observed (all Cohen's d between 0.12 and 0.18). Findings appeared to be driven by patients with recurrent MDD and an adult age of onset of depression. White matter microstructural differences in a smaller sample of adolescent MDD patients and controls did not survive correction for multiple testing. In this coordinated and harmonized multisite DTI study, we showed subtle, but widespread differences in WM microstructure in adult MDD, which may suggest structural disconnectivity in MDD.
The Zarnitsa kimberlite pipe is one of the largest pipes of the Yakutian diamondiferous province. Currently, some limited published data exists on the diamonds from this deposit.

Among the diamond population of this pipe there is a specific series of dark gray to black diamonds with transition morphologies between octahedron and rounded rhombic dodecahedron. These diamonds have specific zonal and sectorial mosaic-block internal structures. The inner parts of these crystals have polycrystalline structure with significant misorientations between sub-individuals. The high consistency of the mechanical admixtures (inclusions) in the diamonds cores can cause a high grid stress of the crystal structure and promote the block (polycrystalline) structure of the core components.

These diamond crystals have subsequently been formed due to crystallization of bigger sub-individuals on the polycrystalline cores according to the geometric selection law.
Recent results from the SND detector obtained in experiments at the VEPP-2000 e+e- collider are presented.

The reactions e+e− → ηπ+π−, e+e− → K+K−, e+e− → π+π−π0, e+e− → ωπ0, e+e− → ωη have been studied in the energy region 1.05–2.00 GeV.

The neutron and proton electromagnetic form factors have been measured in the energy range from the threshold up to 2 GeV. The result of the search of the rare process e+e− → η′ is also presented.
Homeostatic control of blood glucose requires different physiological responses in the fasting and post-prandial states. We reasoned that glucose measurements under non-standardised conditions (random glucose; RG) may capture diverse glucoregulatory processes more effectively than previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of fasting glycaemia or after standardised glucose loads. Through GWAS meta-analysis of RG in 493,036 individuals without diabetes of diverse ethnicities we identified 128 associated loci represented by 162 distinct signals, including 14 with sex-dimorphic effects, 9 discovered through trans-ethnic analysis, and 70 novel signals for glycaemic traits. Novel RG loci were particularly enriched in expression in the ileum and colon, indicating a prominent role for the gastrointestinal tract in the control of blood glucose. Functional studies and molecular dynamics simulations of coding variants of GLP1R , a well-established type 2 diabetes treatment target, provided a genetic framework for optimal selection of GLP-1R agonist therapy. We also provided new evidence from Mendelian randomisation that lung function is modulated by blood glucose and that pulmonary dysfunction is a diabetes complication. Thus, our approach based on RG GWAS provided wide-ranging insights into the biology of glucose regulation, diabetes complications and the potential for treatment stratification.
The paper suggests and investigates a problem statement of well-logging inverse problem that is based on the integral conductivity parameter to describe a geoelectric section.

Approach was introduced for a layered cylindrical model with radially heterogeneous continuous distribution of electric properties that parametrize the problem with a function of total longitudinal conductivity. The results of hydrodynamic modeling for oil/fresh water- and brine-based drilling muds were used to study multiple propagation resistivity tool signal equivalency for two classes of models with continuous and piece-wise constant conductivity distribution. Physically based algorithm enabling one to convert one model class to the other, preserving the signal equivalency was proposed.

It was demonstrated that the radial models with different radial conductivity distribution and similar integral conductivity curves are equivalent. This fact lays a rationale of using the integral conductivity parameters along with conductivity while inversion. The integral conductivity parameter can be used to build the functionals, whose minimization improves algorithm stability and enables determining functional parameters in hydrodynamic filtration models.
Chronic musculoskeletal pain has a negative impact on all aspects of human life. Genetic studies of pain are complicated by the high complexity and heterogeneity of pain phenotypes. In this research, we aimed to reduce phenotype heterogeneity and reveal genes and pathways shared by chronic musculoskeletal pain at four locations: back, neck/shoulder, hip, and knee. Our study was based on the results of genome-wide association studies performed using UK Biobank data with a total sample size of 456,000 individuals. We applied principal component analysis based on the matrix of genetic covariances between the studied pain traits and constructed four genetically independent phenotypes (GIPs). The leading GIP (GIP1) explains the largest proportion of the genetic variance of and covariance between the analyzed phenotypes (78.4%), and the later GIPs (GIP2-4) explain progressively less. We identified and replicated five loci associated with GIP1 and one locus associated with GIP2. The genes decisively prioritized for the GIP1-associated loci were SLC39A8 , ECM1 , and FOXP2 . For the remaining two GIP1-associated loci, we proposed several candidates ( AMIGO3 , BSN , RBM6 , FAM212A , RNF123 , UBA7 and MIR7114 , NSMF , NOXA1 , GRIN1 ), but were unable to prioritize any of them convincingly. The most likely causal gene in the locus associated with GIP2 was GDF5 . For GIP1, gene set/tissue/cell type enrichment analyses identified multiple terms related to the nervous system. Genetic correlations analysis revealed a genetic overlap between GIP1 and osteoarthritis as well as a set of anthropometric (such as overweight and waist circumference), sociodemographic (such as age of first birth and college completion) and psychiatric/personality (such as depressive symptoms and neuroticism) traits. We suggest that GIP1 represents a biopsychological component of chronic musculoskeletal pain, related to physiological and psychological aspects and likely reflecting pain perception and processing.
The review considers quarantine species and nematode pathotypes potentially dangerous for domestic potato production. Potatoes are affected by more than 30 types of parasitic nematodes, but the review focuses on the most harmful representatives of genera that cause great damage to potato production: Globodera, Ditylenchus, Nacob bus and Meloidogyne.

Phytopathological and molecular methods of identification of species and pathotypes and the main achievements in studying the population variability of parasitic potato nematodes were analyzed. Phylogenetic studies based on modern data on genetic variability of populations have allowed to reveal species complexes in Globodera pallida (Stone) Behrens and Nacobbus aberrans (Thorne) Thorne & Allen (sensu lato), including cryptic species.

The main components of successful protection preventing a wide distribution of parasitic nematodes are quarantine measures, agricultural techniques, biological methods of protection and cultivation of resistant cultivars. Special attention in the review is paid to the breeding of potato cultivars with durable resistance to various nematode pathotypes, because the cultivation of such varieties is the most ecologically safe and economically advantageous way to prevent epiphytoties. Currently, significant progress has been made in the genetic protection of potato cultivars, especially against cyst-forming nematodes. The review provides data on sources of potato resistance to parasitic nematodes identified in collections of wild and cultivated species. Data on identified R-gens and QTL of resistance that have been introduced into breeding varieties using different methods and approaches are analyzed. The literature data on the study of structural and functional organization of genes for resistance to potato cyst nematodes are given. The results of molecular research on revealing the polymorphisms of loci involved in the control of resistance to cyst and gall nematodes, the development of molecular markers of certain genes and their use in marker-assisted selection for developing of new resistant cultivars, including those with group resistance, are considered.
We present a rigorous justification for the applicability of the recently developed methods of generalized autobalanced Ramsey spectroscopy (GABRS) [V. I. Yudin et al., Phys. Rev. Appl. 9, 054034 (2018)] and combined error signal in Ramsey spectroscopy (CESRS) [ , New J. Phys. 20, 123016 (2018)] for resonances of coherent population trapping (CPT).

A protocol of modified combined error signal for CPT resonances is also proposed, in which two successive interrogations of atoms under different times of free evolution are integrated in one cycle.

The implementation of the GABRS and CESRS methods in a compact atomic clock based on the CPT effect allows us to significantly suppress the light shift and its fluctuation, which will lead to an improvement in the long-term stability and accuracy of these devices. Moreover, these spectroscopic schemes are insensitive to various distortions of the pulse shape, relaxation processes, errors in the generation of phase jumps, etc., which provides their high reliability and immunity to perturbations.
The RANS models are not universal and accurate, however they are computationally affordable. Finding a way to improve the model predictability will be an advantage.

The implementation of the machine learning methods of convolutional neural networks to enhance RANS closure models is presented. For this, machine learning algorithms based on available high-fidelity data sets for canonical flow cases obtained from DNS and measurements can be helpful.

The application of these algorithms for a fully-developed turbulent channel flows with periodic hills, in a square duct and for other cases is considered.
Significance Research into neurobiology of depression primarily focuses on its complex psychological aspects. Here we propose an alternative approach and target sensorimotor alterations—a prominent but often neglected feature of depression. We demonstrated using resting-state functional MRI data and computational modeling that top-down and bottom-up information flow in sensory and motor cortices is altered with increasing depression severity in a way that is consistent with depression symptoms. Depression-associated changes were found to be consistent across sessions, amenable to treatment and of effect size sufficiently large to predict whether somebody has mild or severe depression. These results pave the way for an avenue of research into the neural underpinnings of mental health conditions.
Inter-individual differences in many behaviors are partly due to genetic differences, but the identification of the genes and variants that influence behavior remains challenging. Here, we studied an F2 intercross of two outbred lines of rats selected for tame and aggressive behavior towards humans for more than 64 generations. By using a mapping approach that is able to identify genetic loci segregating within the lines, we identified four times more loci influencing tameness and aggression than by an approach that assumes fixation of causative alleles, suggesting that many causative loci were not driven to fixation by the selection. We used RNA sequencing in 150 F2 animals to identify hundreds of loci that influence brain gene expression. Several of these loci colocalize with tameness loci and may reflect the same genetic variants. Through analyses of correlations between allele effects on behavior and gene expression, differential expression between the tame and aggressive rat selection lines, and correlations between gene expression and tameness in F2 animals, we identify the genes Gltscr2, Lgi4, Zfp40 and Slc17a7 as candidate contributors to the strikingly different behavior of the tame and aggressive animals.
The article is devoted to the peculiarities of regional development in Russia. Particular attention is paid to the newest period after the crisis of 2008-2009. It is noted that over the past about 10 years, the indicators of GRP dynamics have sharply decreased in the overwhelming majority of the RF regions. At the same time, a considerable number of regions are demonstrating high dynamics these days, significantly exceeding the national average. The article examines the conditions under which some Russian regions have achieved high growth rates of GRP. It is shown that primary economic growth is achieved only if the region’s rate of accumulation is higher than the one of Russian Federation; or is similar to the average for Russia, and the capital cost per unit of output is noticeably lower.
Hedonic reactions to various rewards play a key role in various forms of motivated behavior.

The influence of repeated experience of social victories or defeats in daily agonistic interactions between male mice on voluntary consumption of vanillin sucrose solution used as hedonic reinforcer was studied. Intake of vanillin sucrose solution was shown to decrease in the winners and losers exposed to social confrontations as compared with the controls. Three days of deprivation failed to restore the intake of vanillin sucrose solution to the control level in the losers and did so in the winners.

The results obtained imply that similar reaction of animals to a hedonic non-drug reinforcer may have different motivational origin depending on positive or negative social experience.