Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Diamond films are advanced engineering materials for various industrial applications requiring a coating material with extremely high thermal conductivity and low electrical conductivity. An approach for the synthesis of diamond films via high-speed jet deposition of thermally activated gas has been applied. In this method, spatially separated high-speed flows of methane and hydrogen were thermally activated, and methyl and hydrogen radicals were deposited on heated molybdenum substrates. The morphology and structure of three diamond films were studied, which were synthesized at a heating power of 900, 1700, or 1800 W, methane flow rate of 10 or 30 sccm, hydrogen flow rate of 1500 or 3500 sccm, and duration of the synthesis from 1.5 to 3 h.The morphology and electronic state of the carbon on the surface and in the bulk of the obtained films were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, Raman scattering, X-ray photoelectron, and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopies. The diamond micro-crystals with a thick oxidized amorphous sp2-carbon coating were grown at a heating power of 900 W and a hydrogen flow rate of 1500 sccm. The quality of the crystals was improved, and the growth rate of the diamond film was increased seven times when the heating power was 1700-1800 W and the methane and hydrogen flow rates were 30 and 3500 sccm, respectively. Defective octahedral diamond crystals of 30 μm in size with a thin sp2-carbon surface layer were synthesized on a Mo substrate heated at 1273 K for 1.5 h. When the synthesis duration was doubled, and the substrate temperature was decreased to 1073 K, the denser film with rhombic-dodecahedron diamond crystals was grown. In this case, the thinnest hydrogenated sp2-carbon coating was detected on the surface of the diamond crystals.
Burn injury is an important medical problem, as it is accompanied by high mortality rates in burn shock.

Aim of the study was to conduct an ultrastructural stereological analysis of changes in the blood microvessels of the left ventricular myocardium in burn shock. Material and methods . Myocardial samples during the early section were collected 2 hours after the detection of biological death in the victims from severe burn shock (3 men and 2 women); age group 32-44 years. An ultrastructural study of endothelial cells of the microvasculature of the left ventricular myocardium was carried out.

Results and discussion. The development of severe burn shock is accompanied by changes in the ultrastructure of the endothelial cells of the blood microvessels of the left ventricular myocardium, which is associated with intracellular degradation and exocytosis. These ultrastructural changes may indicate impairment of vesicular transport in the endothelium of the myocardial microvessels in burn shock. A feature of the ultrastructure of the endothelium was the heterogeneity of the endothelial cells of the blood capillaries due to the revealed dark and light endothelial cells, which differ in the saturation of the cytoplasm with organelles. The new data obtained on changes in the ultrastructure of the endothelium of the microvasculature of the left ventricular myocardium can be informative in the development of approaches to intensive therapy of cardioprotective direction in combustiological patients with burn shock.
It is proved that all Jordan s-identities of the three variables are consequences of s-identities Glennie.
We present an analysis of the semi-inclusive decays $B_s \to D_s^- X \ell^+ \nu$ and $B_s \to D_s^{*-} X \ell^+ \nu$, where $X$ denotes a final state that may consist of additional hadrons or photons and $\ell$ is an electron or muon. The studied $B_s$ decays are contained in the $121.4~{\rm fb}^{-1}$ $\Upsilon(5S)$ data sample collected by the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy $e^+e^-$ collider. The branching fractions of the decays are measured to be $\mathcal{B}(B_s \to D_s^- X \ell^+ \nu) = [8.2 \pm 0.2 (\text{stat}) \pm 0.6 (\text{syst}) \pm 1.4 (\text{ext})]\%$ and $\mathcal{B}(B_s \to D_s^{*-} X \ell^+ \nu) = [5.4 \pm 0.4 (\text{stat}) \pm 0.4 (\text{syst}) \pm 0.9 (\text{ext})]\%$, where the first two uncertainties are statistical and systematic and the last is due to external parameters. The measurement also provides an estimate of the $B_s^{(*)}\bar{B}_s^{(*)}$ production cross-section, $\sigma(e^+e^- \to B_s^{(*)}\bar{B}_s^{(*)}) = (53.8 \pm 1.4 (\text{stat}) \pm 4.0 (\text{syst}) \pm 3.4 (\text{ext}))\,{\rm pb}$, at the center-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s} = 10.86\,{\rm GeV}$.
Different patterns of coat color pigmentation in dogs are produced by a sophisticated interaction of several genes. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the diversity of coat colors and their inheritance is important for professional breeders because it helps to predict the phenotypes of the progeny. Although genetics of the main coat colors in dogs is extensively studied, there are types of coat pigmentation that are not explained yet. Recently a new model connected the variants in ASIP gene promoters with different coat colors in dogs. Here we used this model as a framework to investigate the genetics of the rare sesame coat color in Shiba Inu dogs. We determined the combination of two alleles of ASIP gene that determine sesame coat color. This finding can be used by the breeders to produce the dogs with this rare coat color pattern. We also demonstrate the incomplete dominance between the ASIP alleles involved in sesame coat formation. These results are in good agreement with the new model explaining how different levels of ASIP gene expression affect the regulation of pigment synthesis in melanocytes.
In this paper, we study internal waves and stratified flows in the Romanche Fracture Zone of the Mid Atlantic Ridge.

Theoretical analysis involves mathematical formulation of stratified flows which uses LADCP- and CTD-data obtained from field observation in the cruises of RV Akademik Sergey Vavilov. We discuss the 2.5-layer model of the fluid with exponential stratification of both layers. The long-wave approximate model describing travelling waves is constructed by means of scaling procedure with a small Boussinesq parameter.

It is demonstrated that solitary wave regimes can be affected by the Kelvin — Helmholtz instability arising due to interfacial velocity shear in upstream flow.
The color of the grain shell of cereals is an important feature that characterizes the pigments and metabolites contained in it. The grain shell is the main barrier between the grain and the environment, so its characteristics are associated with a number of important biological functions: moisture absorption, grain viability, resistance to pre-harvest germination. The presence of pigments in the shell affects various technological properties of the grain. Color characteristics, as well as the appearance of the grain shell are an important indicator of plant diseases. In addition, the color of the grains serves as a classifying feature of plants. Genetic control of the color formation of both grains and other plant organs is exerted by genes encoding enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of pigments, as well as regulatory genes. For a number of pigments, these genes are well understood, but for some pigments, such as melanin, which causes the black color of grains in barley, the molecular mechanisms of biosynthesis are still poorly understood.

When studying the mechanisms of genetic control of grain color, breeders and geneticists are constantly faced with the need to assess the color characteristics of their shell. The technical means of addressing this problem include spectrophotometers, spectrometers, hyperspectral cameras. However, these cameras are expensive, especially with high resolution, both spatial and spectral. An alternative is to use digital cameras that allow you to get high-quality images with high spatial and color resolution. In this regard, recently, in the field of plant phenotyping, methods for evaluating the color and texture characteristics of cereals based on the analysis of two-dimensional images obtained by digital cameras have been intensively developed.

This mini-review is devoted to the main tasks related to the analysis of color and texture characteristics of cereals, and to methods of their description based on digital images.
Aggressiveness is a hereditary behavioral pattern that forms a social hierarchy and affects the individual social rank and accordingly quality and duration of life. Thus, genome-wide studies of human aggressiveness are important. Nonetheless, the aggressiveness-related genome-wide studies have been conducted on animals rather than humans. Recently, in our genome-wide study, we uncovered natural selection against underexpression of human aggressiveness-related genes and proved it using F1 hybrid mice. Simultaneously, this natural selection equally supports two opposing traits in humans (dominance and subordination) as if self-domestication could have happened with its disruptive natural selection. Because there is still not enough scientific evidence that this could happen, here, we verified this natural selection pattern using quantitative PCR and two outbred rat lines (70 generations of artificial selection for aggressiveness or tameness, hereinafter: domestication). We chose seven genes-Cacna2d3, Gad2, Gria2, Mapk1, Nos1, Pomc, and Syn1-over- or underexpression of which corresponds to aggressive or domesticated behavior (in humans or mice) that has the same direction as natural selection. Comparing aggressive male rats with domesticated ones, we found that these genes are overexpressed statistically significantly in the hypothalamus (as a universal behavior regulator), not in the periaqueductal gray, where there was no aggressiveness-related expression of the genes in males. Database STRING showed statistically significant associations of the human genes homologous to these rat genes with long-term depression, circadian entrainment, Alzheimer's disease, and the central nervous system disorders during chronic IL-6 overexpression. This finding more likely supports positive perspectives of further studies on self-domestication syndromes.
In comparison with the classical Talbot effect observed under illumination by a plane wave.

An analytical theory for the diffraction of a Bessel beam of arbitrary order Jl(κr) on a 2D amplitude grating is presented. The diffraction patterns observed in experiments on the Novosibirsk free electron laser behind gratings with periods of 1 to 6 mm, illuminated by zero- to second-order Bessel beams at a radiation wavelength λ = 141 µm, are in good agreement with both theoretical predictions and numerical calculations. An analytical theory based on the scalar theory of diffraction perfectly describes resulting diffraction patterns.

The diffraction pattern behind the grating turned out to be more complicated. In particular, the patterns in the main and fractional Talbot planes under certain conditions that are found in the article, are lattices of ring microbeams, the diameters of which depend on the period of the grating, the diameter of the illuminating beam, the number of the Talbot plane, and the topological charge l. For the rings near the optical axis, the latter reproduces l of the illuminating beam. Since the Laguerre–Gaussian beams can be represented as a superposition of Bessel beams, results of this paper can be applied to analysis of the Talbot effect with the Laguerre–Gaussian beams. A regular lattice of ring-like vortex microbeams, which can be formed in the Talbot planes, can be applied, for example, to creation of a lattice of optical traps, transmission of orbital angular momentum to elements of micromechanical devices, and to launching surface plasmon polaritons on an array of metal wires by 'the end-fire coupling technique'.
We report on a detailed study of terahertz (THz) photoresistivity in a strained HgTe three-dimensional topological insulator (3D TI) for all Fermi level positions: inside the conduction and valence bands and in the bulk gap. In the presence of a magnetic field, we detect a resonance corresponding to the cyclotron resonance (CR) in the top surface Dirac fermions (DFs) and examine the nontrivial dependence of the surface state cyclotron mass on the Fermi level position. We also detect additional resonant features at moderate electron densities and demonstrate that they are caused by the mixing of surface DFs and bulk electrons. At high electron densities, we observe THz radiation-induced 1/B-periodic low-field magneto-oscillations coupled to harmonics of the CR and demonstrate that they have a common origin with microwave-induced resistance oscillations previously observed in high mobility GaAs-based heterostructures. This observation attests the superior quality of a 2D electron system formed by helical surface states in strained HgTe films.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a powerful non-invasive diagnostic method extensively used in biomedical studies. A significant limitation of MRI is its relatively low signal-to-noise ratio, which can be increased by hyperpolarizing nuclear spins. One promising method is Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange (SABRE), which employs parahydrogen as a source of hyperpolarization. Recent studies demonstrated the feasibility to improve MRI sensitivity with this hyperpolarization technique. Hyperpolarized
. We present results of numerical experiments on long time evolution and collisions of breathers (which correspond to envelope solitons in the NLSE approximation) at the surface of deep ideal fluid. The collision happens to be nonelastic. In the numerical experiment it can be observed only after many acts of interactions. This supports the hypothesis of "deep water nonintegrability". The experiments were performed in the framework of the new and refined version of the Zakharov equation free of nonessential terms in the quartic Hamiltonian. Simplification is possible due to exact cancellation of nonelastic four-wave interaction.
At the molecular level, response to an external factor or an internal condition causes reprogramming of temporal and spatial transcription. When an organism undergoes physiological and/or morphological changes, several signaling pathways are activated simultaneously. Examples of such complex reactions are the response to temperature changes, dehydration, various biologically active substances, and others. A significant part of the regulatory ensemble in such complex reactions remains unidentified.

We developed metaRE, an R package for the systematic search for cis-regulatory elements enriched in the promoters of the genes significantly changed their transcription in a complex reaction. metaRE mines multiple expression profiling datasets generated to test the same organism's response and identifies simple and composite cis-regulatory elements systematically associated with differential expression of genes.

Here, we showed metaRE performance for the identification of low-temperature-responsive cis-regulatory code in Arabidopsis thaliana and Danio rerio. MetaRE identified potential binding sites for known as well as unknown cold response regulators. A notable part of cis-elements was found in both searches discovering great conservation in low-temperature responses between plants and animals.
Synthesis of 1,2,3-triazole-substituted coumarins and also 1,2,3-triazolyl or 1,2,3-triazolylalk-1-inyl-linked coumarin-2,3-furocoumarin hybrids was performed by employing the cross-coupling and copper catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction approaches. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillius subtilis, Actinomyces viscosus and Escherichia coli bacterial strains.

Coumarin-benzoic acid hybrids 4с, 42с and 3-((4-acetylamino-3-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl)ethynyl)coumarin (29) showed promising activity against S. aureus strains, and the 1,2,3-triazolyloct-1-inyl linked coumarin-2,3-furocoumarin hybrid 37c was endowed with high selectivity against B. subtilis and E. coli species. The in vitro antibacterial activity of 4с, 29, 37c and 42с can potentially be compared with that of a number of modern antibiotic drugs used in the clinic, suggesting promising prospects for further research. A detailed study of the molecular interactions with the targeted protein MurB was performed using docking simulations and the obtained results are quite promising.
The main problems of constructing multiregional input-output (IO) models used for the development of spatial and sectoral long-term national economy forecasts are caused by the absence of proper statistics. Therefore, it is necessary to make up the input-output tables (IOTs) based on a limited set of direct and indirect indicators that measure spatial patterns of production, consumption, capital formation, etc., sufficiently accurate for filling up multiregional IO models. The paper discusses Russian IOT spatial mapping problems and proposes an approach to partial automation of the procedures necessary for regional IOT construction (by federal districts). The regionalization was carried out using a static IO model with the bounding sum control. As a result, a set of consistent regional tables for 2015 was developed, with the eight IOT sum equalling Russia’s IOT. Based on the estimated regional IOTs, a static multiregional input-output model (OMIOM) across federal districts for 2015 was made up. The model allows us to proceed to the follow-up phase, i. e., developing a semi-dynamic model for long-term national economic projection computations
Plasma wakefield dynamics over timescales up to 800 ps, approximately 100 plasma periods, are studied experimentally at the Advanced Wakefield Experiment (AWAKE).

The development of the longitudinal wakefield amplitude driven by a self-modulated proton bunch is measured using the external injection of witness electrons that sample the fields. In simulation, resonant excitation of the wakefield causes plasma electron trajectory crossing, resulting in the development of a potential outside the plasma boundary as electrons are transversely ejected.

Trends consistent with the presence of this potential are experimentally measured and their dependence on wakefield amplitude are studied via seed laser timing scans and electron injection delay scans.
Single crystals of furan/phenylene co-oligomers are among the most promising highly-emissive materials for applications in various optoelectronic devices.

In this work, we synthesized and studied furan/phenylene co-oligomers with the same conjugated core 1,4-bis(5-phenylfuran-2-yl)benzene and methyl substituents at p- and m-positions of the terminal phenyls. The effect of substituents on the crystal packing, charge transport and luminescence of the single crystals was studied.

Compared to the unsubstituted compound, the methyl-substituted co-oligomers demonstrated improved thermostability and enhanced photoluminescence, which we assign to J-aggregation resulting from the strong inclination of the molecules against the main crystal facet. The charge mobility in single crystal organic field-effect transistors decreased upon the inclination of the molecules. We conclude that the molecular tilt angle, intermolecular distances and interactions in crystals of heteroaryl-containing linear conjugated oligomers can be controlled by the introduction of end methyl groups in the appropriate positions.
In this paper the beam cleaning effect at Raman conversion of multimode pump radiation in a graded-index fiber is modeled, and the output parameters of Raman laser with multimode pumping based on graded-index fiber with core diameters of 62.5 and 85 um are compared.
The influence of the parameters of the impulse action on the laminar supersonic flat-plate boundary layer on the excited localized perturbations is investigated at Mach 2. The influence of the duration of a pulsed discharge on the generated disturbances is studied experimentally. Also, a direct numerical simulation of the influence of the parameters of pulse injection on generated perturbations is carried out. It is obtained that as the duration of the action on the supersonic boundary layer increases, the amplitude of the generated disturbance increases. The velocity of the propagation downstream of localized disturbances in Mach 2 supersonic flat-plate boundary layer is estimated.
The paper presents the results of numerical modeling of a transonic region formation in the flat channel. Hydrogen flows into the channel through the holes in the wall. The jet of compressed air is localized downstream the holes.

The transonic region formation is formed by the burning of heterogeneous hydrogen-air mixture. It was considered in the framework of the simplified chemical kinetics.

The interesting feature of the regime obtained is the following: the distribution of the Mach numbers is qualitatively similar to the case of pulse-periodic energy sources. This mode is a favorable prerequisite for the effective fuel combustion in the expanding part of the channel when injecting fuel into this part.
This paper presents the brief geological and mineralogical characteristics of the Dorozhnoye mesothermal gold ore deposit (Magadan Region, Russia). The gold and silver minerals are represented by electrum (530‰ - 700‰), freibergite, stephanite, pyrargyrite and Bi-diaphorite.

The homogeneous fluid inclusions enable one to determine that the quartz-molybdenite veins were formed at a temperature of 340°C to 140°C, and that the quartz-sulfide gold ore veins were formed at a temperature of 165°C to 125°C. It is assumed that the fluid had a mixed composition and evolved from K-chloride and K-carbonate to Na-chloride. The hypergenesis zone contains: high fineness gold (800‰ - 950‰), petrovskaite (AgAuS) and uytenbogaardtite (Ag3AuS2) associated with goethite and melanterite. The surface waters contain: Ca++ up to 293 mg/L, HCO3 up to 125 mg/L, SO4 up to 777 mg/L; рН is 5.8 to 7.2. Thermodynamic calculations have been conducted and Eh-pH diagrams have been built for the Au-Ag-S-H2O system at 25°C and 100°C (p = 1 bar) to reveal gold and silver stability fields.

Au-Ag sulfides at the Dorozhnoye deposit are formed under oxidizing conditions and an acidic environment with dominating sulfates.
Owing to their inherent pore structure, porous metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) can undergo postsynthetic modification, such as loading extra-framework proton carriers. However, strategies for improving the proton conductivity for nonporous MOFs are largely lacking, although increasing numbers of nonporous MOFs exhibit promising proton conductivities. Often, high humidity is required for nonporous MOFs to achieve high conductivities, but to date no clear mechanisms have been experimentally identified. Here we describe the new materials MFM-550(M), [M(HL1)], (H4L1 = biphenyl-4,4′-diphosphonic acid; M = La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Gd, Ho), MFM-550(Ba), [Ba(H2L1)], and MFM-555(M), [M(HL2)], (H4L2 = benzene-1,4-diphosphonic acid; M = La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Gd, Ho), and report enhanced proton conductivities in these nonporous materials by (i) replacing the metal ion to one with a lower oxidation state, (ii) reducing the length of the organic ligand, and (iii) introducing additional acidic protons on the MOF surface. Increased framework proton density in these materials can lead to an enhancement in proton conductivity of up to 4 orders of magnitude. Additionally, we report a comprehensive investigation using in situ 2H NMR and neutron spectroscopy, coupled with molecular dynamic modeling, to elucidate the role of humidity in assembling interconnected networks for proton hopping. This study constructs a relationship between framework proton density and the corresponding proton conductivity in nonporous MOFs, and directly explains the role of both surface protons and external water in assembling the proton conduction pathways.