Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
The fact that repulsive Rutherford scattering casts a paraboloidal shadow is rarely exploited in introductory mechanics textbooks. Another rarely used construction in such textbooks is the Hamilton vector, a cousin of the more famous Laplace-Runge-Lenz vector.

We will show how the latter (Hamilton's vector) can be used to explain and clarify the former (paraboloidal shadow).
Exosomal proteases are important in regulation of molecular signaling from growth factor receptors and adhesion molecules and also the regulation of cell motility and protein folding.

Blood plasma exosomes of 60 CRCPs at stage T2-4N0-2M0-1 and 10 control subjects (CSs) with colorectal polyps were isolated using ultrafiltration in combination with ultracentrifugation. The level of tetraspanin-associated (ADAM20 and ADAM17) and tetraspanin-non-associated (20S proteasome) proteases were evaluated by flow cytometry and western blot analysis.

According to findings of this study, it seems that exosomal proteases can be promising molecular predictors of hematogenous metastasis in patients with non-metastatic CRC. Further studies on subpopulation composition of exosomes CRCPs are need for elucidating the role of tetraspanin-associated and tetraspanin-non-associated exosomal proteases in CRC development and progression.
A search for the decays Bs -> mu+ mu- and B0 -> mu+ mu- is performed with 0.37 fb^-1 of pp collisions at sqrt{s} = 7 TeV collected by the LHCb experiment in 2011.

The upper limits on the branching fractions are BR (Bs -> mu+ mu-) < 1.6 x 10^-8 and BR (B0 -> mu+ mu-) < 3.6 x 10^-9 at 95% confidence level.

Combining these results with the ones from the 2010 LHCb data, the upper limits are BR (Bs -> mu+ mu-) < 1.4 x 10^-8 and BR (B0 -> mu+ mu-) < 3.2 x 10^-9 at 95% confidence level.
This paper is the second in a series of publications on various aspects of relationships between man and environment in the highlands of southeastern Altai. In these studies we assess the impact of climatic changes, evidenced by processes of glaciation and deglaciation, emergence of ice-dammed and residual lakes, soil and peat formation, and seismic activity, on the succession of sedentary and nomadic cultures, and on their distribution ranges in the Late Pleistocene and Holocene. Geochronological data on the evolution of Late Pleistocene ice-dammed lakes and Holocene residual lacustrine systems within the Kuray and Chuya intermountain basins, including our new fi ndings based on geomorphological, geoarchaeological, and geochronological approaches, were summarized in the fi rst paper of the series. Using Paleolithic sites for assessing the time when the Chuya paleolake emptied in the Late-Pleistocene is unwarranted because their estimated age limits are wide, many are likely redeposited, and most fi nds are random. However, the analysis of spatial distribution of in situ sites spanning the period from the Late Bronze Age to the Middle Ages has provided evidence regarding the transformation of Holocene hydrosystems. New radiocarbon dates indicate substantial decrease of the Sartan glaciation as early as 14 ka cal. BP and desiccation of the last ice- dammed lakes within the Kuray and Chuya basins before 10 ka cal BP. The absence of Early Holocene archaeological sites in those areas may be due to the wide distribution of residual lakes in the bottoms of those depressions at that time.
Clinical and experimental findings have implicated brain α2-adrenoceptors in the regulation of many physiological functions, including sexual activity and stress-related behavior. However, which subtypes of the three α2-adrenoceptors that have now been cloned (α2A, α2B, and α2C) are involved in these controls have yet to be established. Here, we investigated the contribution of α2A-adrenoceptors of the locus ceruleus, the principal source of brain noradrenaline, to exploratory and sexual behaviors. Using administration of antisense oligodeoxynucleotide to inhibit the receptor expression, we found that reductions in brainstem α2A-adrenoceptor mRNA levels and α2-adrenoceptor densities induced by antisense treatment were not accompanied by any changes in the major characteristics of male sexual activity, such as mount latencies and numbers of mounts. However, in sexual behavior tests, antisense-treated male rats had decreased numbers of rearings and thus have higher percentages of behaviors positively correlated with sexual activity. Besides, antisense-treated animals had decreased anxiety in plus-maze tests. The data demonstrate that inhibition of α2A-adrenoceptor expression in the region of the locus ceruleus has an anxiolytic-like effect and facilitates male's attention to female in sexual behavior test.
The results of research into the creation of a new cultivar of spring common vetch Obskaya 16 are presented. The work was carried out in the period 2014-2017. The goal was set to create a new earlyripening variety with а high fodder and seed productivity, high protein content, and an even ripening of seeds. The vetch cultivar Obskaya 16 was created by the method of hybridization on the basis of genetically different and ecologically-distant genotypes with subsequent multiple selection according to the specified parameters from the Kamalinskaya 611 × Novosibirskskaya hybrid populations. The vetch cultivar Obskaya 16 combines early ripeness with high fodder and seed productivity. The length of the growing season of the new cultivar is, on average, 81 days, which allows for the production of certified seeds annually. During all the years of testing in breeding nurseries, the new cultivar surpassed the standard Kamalinskaya 611 in green mass by 41%, in dry matter by 40%, and in grain by 27%. This cultivar is of mowing type, its average seed yield is 2.43 t/ha, green mass 28 t/ha, dry matter – 5.82 t/ha. The main economic and valuable characteristics of the Obskaya 16 cultivar are as follows: the height of the stem is 85-120 cm, the number of internodes is 19-25, the height of attachment of the lower seed pods is 78 cm. The average number of seed pods per plant is 24, the maximum is 46, the average number of seeds per a seed pod is 7-8. The mass of 1000 seeds is 72.6 g. The colour of the seed coat is mainly black velvet (92%) and brown (8%). Crude protein content is 25.3–30.5%. In 2016 the cultivar of spring common vetch was passed to the state variety testing under the name Obskaya 16. The newly created cultivar surpasses the previously recognized varieties in the region by early ripeness, fodder and seed productivity, as well as high fodder quality.
The article studies the methods of deconstructing the image of the hero in journalistic texts of the 21st century from the metamodernism perspective. Based on the works of the main theorists of metamodernism R. Akker and T. Vermeulen, the author of the article focuses on the reception of post-irony, which due to the oscillation (fluctuation of sense) blurs the line between irony and seriousness. Being a universal culture phenomenon, post-irony as means of deconstruction has penetrated various types of art and has dominated certain sectors of the modern media space. Based on the exam ples of two genres of modern journalism – newspaper obituary and interview – the author identifies the main rhetorical devices of deconstruction, which mainly rely on post-irony.
Preoperative differential diagnosis of benign thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer is an important issue of endocrinology. Preoperative identification of a tumor type allows a surgeon to determine an adequate surgical treatment and reduce complications. The cytological analysis of samples obtained by the fine-needle aspiration biopsy is limited in sensitivity and specificity and the core biopsy is not safe to be used in patients with thyroid nodes smaller than 2 cm. The most promising area in the preoperative diagnosis of malignant tumors is molecular biomarkers, which can be used to determine the surgical treatment and indications for the target therapy. BRAF V600E is the most frequent genetic alteration in thyroid cancer. It activates the MAP-kinase pathway which causes changes in expression levels of extracellular matrix proteins and some of their receptors. Changes in the expression of integrin receptors and their ligands, such as osteopontin and thrombospondin-1, contribute to tumor cell proliferation and migration. The C-Jun pathway is also very important in pathogenesis of thyroid cancer. Changes in its activity can affect the expression of GSTP enzyme which participates in hormone metabolism. Altered MiRNA expression has been observed in a variety of cancer states allowing their potential use as cancer biomarkers. The aim of this study was to evaluate integrins, angiogenic factors, GSTP and MiRNAs as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of thyroid cancer. 112 samples of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and 120 samples of benign nodular neoplasms were analyzed. The expression levels of the studied genes were determined by RT-PCR. The results were confirmed by immunohistochemical analysis. The BRAF V600E mutation was determined by allele-specific real-time PCR. The results showed that GSTP can be used for clinical settings as a cancer-specific marker for thyroid neoplasms with 83–88% sensitivity, 70–80% specificity and 76–84% diagnostic accuracy. Higher expression levels of integrins α2, α5, αv, α9, β1, β3 and IL-8, angiogenin, and VEGF were observed in malignant tumors in comparison with the normal thyroid tissue (p < 0.05). The BRAF V600E mutation was detected in 70% of all PTC cases. In the BRAF V600E positive PTC samples the levels of ITGA3 and ITGAV expression were higher than in the BRAF V600E negative ones (p < 0.05). The expression of miRNA 21, 221, 222, 155 was significantly increased in the cancer samples compared to the benign neoplasms. Thus, the studied molecular markers could be used for preoperative diagnosis of thyroid neoplasms and the treatment approach.
Differential proteomic analysis of the total E.coli protein after exposure to terahertz (THz) radiation was performed. Glutamine synthetase was one of the proteins overexpressed in response to THz radiation. E.coli/pGlnA-GFP biosensor based on the promoter of the glnA gene and the GFP protein was constructed and there was demonstrated that it could detect THz radiation. Such a method of design of biosensors which includes cell irradiation, omics analysis of differential expression of genes, the definition of the most pronounced gene can be used for any region of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Recently, terahertz Bessel beams with angular orbital momentum ("vortex beams") with topological charges l = ±1 and l = ±2 were generated for the first time using radiation of the Novosibirsk free electron laser (NovoFEL) and silicon binary phase axicons (Knyazev et al., Phys. Rev. Letters, vol. 115, Art. 163901, 2015). Such beams are prospective for application in wireless communication and remote sensing. In present paper, numerical modelling of generation and transformation of vortex beams based on the scalar diffraction theory has been performed. It was shown that the Bessel beams with the diameters of the first ring of 1.7 and 3.2 mm for topological charges ±1 and ±2, respectively, propagate at a distance up to 160 mm without dispersion. Calculation showed that the propagation distance can be increased by reducing of the radiation wavelength or using a telescopic system. In the first case, the propagation distance grows up inversely proportional to the wavelength, whereas, in the latter case the propagation distance increases as a square of a ratio of the telescope lenses foci. Modelling of the passing of the vortex Bessel beams through a random phase screen and amplitude obstacles showed the self-healing ability of the beams. Even if an obstacle with a diameter of 10 mm blocks several central rings of Bessel beam, it reconstructs itself after passing a length of about 100 mm. Results of the simulations are in a good agreement with the experimental data, when the latter exist.
ВЛИЯНИЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ ПОДДЕРЖКИ НА РЕНТАБЕЛЬНОСТЬ СОБСТВЕННОГО КАПИТАЛА СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫХ
Practical implementation of digital signal processing for mitigation of transmission impairments in optical communication systems requires reduction of the complexity of the underlying algorithms. Here, we investigate the application of convolutional neural networks for compensating nonlinear signal distortions in a 3200 km fiber-optic 11x400-Gb/s WDM PDM-16QAM transmission link with a focus on the optimization of the corresponding algorithmic complexity. We propose a design that includes original initialisation of the weights of the layers by a filter predefined through the training a single-layer convolutional neural network. Furthermore, we use an enhanced activation function that takes into account nonlinear interactions between neighbouring symbols. To increase learning efficiency, we apply a layer-wise training scheme followed by joint optimization of all weights applying additional training to all of them together in the large multi-layer network. We examine application of the proposed convolutional neural network for the nonlinearity compensation using only one sample per symbol and evaluate complexity and performance of the proposed technique.
In this paper, one provides a theoretical justification of the possibility of hydraulic fracture parameters determination by using a non-stationary fluid injection. It is assumed that the fluid is pumped into the fractured well with the time-periodic flow rate. It is shown that there is a phase shift between waves of fluid pressure and velocity. For the modelling purposes, the length and width of the fracture are assumed to be fixed. In the case of infinite fracture, one constructs an exact solution that ensures analytical determination of the phase shift in terms of the physical parameters of the problem. In the numerical calculation, the phase shift between pressure and velocity waves is found for a finite fracture. It is shown that the value of the phase shift depends on the physical parameters and on the fracture geometry. This makes it possible to determine parameters of hydraulic fracture, in particular its length, by the experimental measurement of the time shift and comparison with the numerical solution.
In the previous paper [A. V. Nenashev, F. Jansson, S. D. Baranovskii, R. "Osterbacka, A. V. Dvurechenskii, and F. Gebhard, Phys Rev. B 81, 115203 (2010)] an analytical theory confirmed by numerical simulations has been developed for the field-dependent hopping diffusion coefficient $D(F)$ in one-dimensional systems with Gaussian disorder. The main result of that paper is the linear, nonanalytic field dependence of the diffusion coefficient at low electric fields.

In the current paper, an analytical theory is developed for the field-dependent diffusion coefficient in three- and two-dimensional Gaussian-disordered systems in the hopping transport regime. The result is supported by Monte Carlo computer simulations.

The theory predicts a smooth parabolic field dependence for the diffusion coefficient at low fields. In spite of the smooth field dependences for the mobility and for the longitudinal diffusivity, the traditional Einstein form of the relation between these transport coefficients is shown to be violated even at very low electric fields.
ПСИХОСОМАТИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПАЦИЕНТОВ С ЖЕЛЧНОКАМЕННОЙ БОЛЕЗНЬЮ (НАУЧНЫЙ ОБЗОР)А. В. Гейко (Москва, Россия), М. А. Суботялов (Новосибирск, Россия) В современном мире хронический стресс и провоцирующие его состояния становятся все более социально значимыми факторами риска множества соматических заболеваний.Показано, что физиологические характеристики организма могут меняться в зависимости от формы реакции индивида на внешние раздражители.Целью данной работы стало выявление психологических факторов патогенеза желчнокаменной болезни и поиск возможных медиаторов, опосредующих взаимосвязь психологических характеристик пациента с этим соматическим заболеванием.По итогам обзора литературы в психологическом портрете пациента с ЖКБ были выявлены следующие тенденции: 1) забота о благополучии окружающих, что проявляется в сострадании, самопожертвовании и альтруизме; 2) трудолюбие, сосредоточенность на материальной обеспеченности, озабоченность должностными обязанностями, властность, перфекционизм, авторитарные родители; 3) склонность следовать социальным и профессиональным правилам, даже за счет ущемления собственных интересов, что становится источником недовольства и фрустрации и вызывает чувство несправедливости, мучительные раздумья, чувство тревожности и напряжения, нежелание идти на конфликт.Исследованные нами пациенты с ЖКБ имели такие черты характера как амбициозность, трудолюбие, наряду с желанием помогать другим, даже ущемляя собственные интересы.Все пациенты имели авторитарных родителей и проблемы
There is wide-spread interest in understanding the rate of transposable element movement within populations and between species. A recent study using interprecific crosses between D. buzzatii and D. koepferae indicated that transposition rates in hybrids may be quite high.

However, we suggest caution should be taken in this interpretation since AFLP methods to detect transposition events may lead to overestimated rate estimates.

Comparative analyses of genome instability received by different methods suggest that transposition rates can be higher in intraspecific crosses compared to interspecific crosses.
The laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA) of electrons in capillaries and gas jets

followed by inverse Compton scattering of high intensity femtosecond laser pulses

The drive and scattered pulses will be produced by the two-channel multi-terawatt laser system developed in ILP SB RAS.
Electrophoretic variations of Am were examined in wild pig populations of geographic subspecies belonging to Sus scrofa in Eastern European and Asian regions.

The variations were observed in the populations of S.s. scrofa, S.s. nigripes, S.s. leucomystax and S.s. riukiuanus, with S.s. nigripes and S.s. leucomystax being remarkably polymorphic. The variant alleles were AmA, AmB and AmC.

Degrees of differentiation in those subspecies were more notable among populations on islands than on the Continent.
Korean field mouse (Apodemus peninsulae) shows a wide variation in the number of B chromosomes composed of constitutive heterochromatin. For this reason, it provides a good model to study the influence of the number of centromeres and amount of heterochromatin on spatial organization of interphase nuclei.

We analyzed the three-dimensional organization of fibroblast and spermatocyte nuclei of the field mice carrying a different number of B chromosomes using laser scanning microscopy and 3D fluorescence in situ hybridization.

We detected a co-localization of the B chromosomes with constitutive heterochromatin of the chromosomes of the basic set. We showed a non-random distribution of B chromosomes in the spermatocyte nuclei. Unpaired B chromosomes showed a tendency to occur in the compartment formed by the unpaired part of the XY bivalent.
Factor-mediated reprogramming of somatic cells towards pluripotency is a low-efficiency process during which only small subsets of cells are successfully reprogrammed. Previous analyses of the determinants of the reprogramming potential are based on average measurements across a large population of cells or on monitoring a relatively small number of single cells with live imaging.

Here, we applied lentiviral genetic barcoding, a powerful tool enabling the identification of familiar relationships in thousands of cells. High-throughput sequencing of barcodes from successfully reprogrammed cells revealed a significant number of barcodes from related cells. We developed a computer model, according to which a probability of synchronous reprogramming of sister cells equals 10–30%.

We conclude that the reprogramming success is pre-established in some particular cells and, being a heritable trait, can be maintained through cell division. Thus, reprogramming progresses in a deterministic manner, at least at the level of cell lineages.
The "Flora of Russia" project on iNaturalist brought together professional scientists and amateur naturalists from all over the country. Over 10,000 people were involved in the data collection. Within 20 months, the participants accumulated 750,143 photo observations of 6,857 species of the Russian flora. This constitutes the largest dataset of open spatial data on the country’s biodiversity and a leading source of data on the current state of the national flora. About 87% of all project data, i.e. 652,285 observations, are available under free licences (CC0, CC-BY, CC-BY-NC) and can be freely used in scientific, educational and environmental activities.
The central Vanuatu forearc is characterized by a reduced convergence rate at the trench, significant uplift of the overriding plate, and the presence of large forearc islands. Volcanic activity and intermediate‐depth seismicity behind the forearc are among the highest on Earth. These features are presumed to be associated with the subduction of a large seamount chain and an immersed ridge.

We used a catalog of P and S arrivals from a local seismological network to construct the first 3‐D velocity model of the region and to relocate earthquakes beneath the forearc.

The 3‐D model reveals a highly heterogeneous velocity distribution in the first 40 km beneath the surface. Trench‐parallel low P and S velocity zones in the upper tens of kilometers beneath the western edges of the two largest forearc islands correlate to the major features entering into subduction and suggest highly fractured and probably water‐infiltrated features. Trench‐parallel high‐velocity zones at 5–15‐km depth, further to the east, may be part of a continuous consolidated rock structure that acts as a backstop. Thick overriding plate crust (29 ± 3 km) in the forearc is consistent with the presence of continental remnants. The earthquake distribution is generally heterogeneous, suggesting a complex fault structure and variable stress. Earthquakes are, however, well aligned at the plate interface in between the subducting features, where they constrain the angle of subduction to be 15° on average, down to 10–15‐km depth.
Background. Molecular mechanisms underlying pathogenesis of varicose veins are not fully understood. Expression of genes in varicose veins compared with normal vein segments in patients with varicose veins was evaluated. The pilot study using micro-array analysis revealed a set of genes differentially expressed in varicose veins. In the present study The aim was to validate micro-array data on genes related to extracellular matrix: COL15A1 (collagen type XV alpha 1 chain), CHRDL2 (chordin like 2), EFEMP1 (EGF containing fibulin extracellular matrix protein 1), and TIMP1 (metallopeptidase inhibitor 1), using an independent method and a replication set. Methods. Paired GSV samples (n = 26, varicose and non-varicose segments) harvested from 13 patients with varicose veins (C2) were used in this study. Patients with post-thrombotic changes in deep veins and absence of visible varicose veins were excluded. Determination of the level of mRNA expression (normalised to ACTB and GAPDH) was performed by reverse transcription real time qPCR. Statistical analysis was performed with Wilcoxon signed rank test using the qBase+ software. The work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (Project 17-75-20223 “Investigation of the mechanisms of vein wall remodelling in varicose veins”). Results. Significantly higher mRNA levels of COL15A1 (1.46 fold, CI 1.21–1.76), CHRDL2 (2.15 fold, CI 1.37-3.39), EFEMP1 (2.01 fold, CI 1.29–3.14), and TIMP1 (1.58 fold, CI 1.15–2.17), (p < .005) were observed. These findings are consistent with previous transcriptome analysis. Conclusion. The extracellular matrix related genes COL15A1, CHRDL2, EFEMP1, and TIMP1 are up-regulated in varicose veins which plausibly contributes to the pathogenesis.