Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
We develop a classical kinetic theory of magnetotransport of 2D electrons in narrow channels with partly diffusive boundary scattering and apply it to description of magnetoresistance measured in the temperature interval 4.2-30 K in long mesoscopic bars fabricated from high-purity GaAs quantum well structures.

Both experiment and theory demonstrate a number of characteristic features in the longitudinal and Hall resistances caused by the size effect in two dimensions owing to the high ballisticity of the transport. In addition to the features described previously, we also reveal a change in the slope of the first derivative of magnetoresistance when the cyclotron orbit diameter equals to half of the channel width.

These features are suppressed with increasing temperature as a result of the electronic viscosity due to electron-electron interaction. By comparing theory and experiment, we determine the characteristic time of relaxation of angular distribution of electrons caused by electron-electron scattering.
The first observation of the ${B}_{s}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\eta}}^{\ensuremath{'}}{\ensuremath{\eta}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ decay is reported. The study is based on a sample of proton-proton collisions corresponding to $3.0\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of integrated luminosity collected with the LHCb detector. The significance of the signal is 6.4 standard deviations. The branching fraction is measured to be $[3.31\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.64(\text{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.28(\text{syst})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.12(\text{norm})]\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$, where the third uncertainty comes from the ${B}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\eta}}^{\ensuremath{'}}{K}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$ branching fraction that is used as a normalization. In addition, the charge asymmetries of ${B}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\eta}}^{\ensuremath{'}}{K}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$ and ${B}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\phi}{K}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$, which are control channels, are measured to be $(\ensuremath{-}0.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.3)%$ and $(+1.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.3)%$, respectively. All results are consistent with theoretical expectations.
The incompressible three-dimensional Euler equations develop very thin pancake-like regions of increasing vorticity. These regions evolve with the scaling ωmax ∝ l−2/3 between the vorticity maximum and the pancake thickness, as was observed in the recent numerical experiments [D. S. Agafontsev et al., “Development of high vorticity structures in incompressible 3D Euler equations,” Phys. Fluids 27, 085102 (2015)].

We study the process of pancakes’ development in terms of the vortex line representation (VLR), which represents a partial integration of the Euler equations with the explicit conservation of the Cauchy invariants and describes the compressible dynamics of continuously distributed vortex lines. We present, for the first time, the numerical simulations of the VLR equations with high accuracy, which we perform in adaptive anisotropic grids of up to 15363 nodes.

With these simulations, we show that the vorticity growth is connected with the compressibility of the vortex lines and find geometric properties responsible for the observed scaling ωmax ∝ l−2/3.
We report the relation between the optical properties and electronic structure of lithium thiogallate (LiGaS2) by performing XPS and XES measurements and theoretical calculations. According to the XPS measurements, the LiGaS2 crystals grown by the Bridgman-Stockbarger method possess promising optical qualities, low hygroscopicity and high stability upon middle-energy Ar+-ion irradiation.

The difference in the LiGaS2 band gaps obtained by theoretical calculations and experimental measurements was, for the first time, reduced down to 0.27 eV by applying the Tran-Blaha modified Becke-Johnson (TB-mBJ) potential where the Coulomb repulsion was considered by introducing Hubbard parameter, U. The TB-mBJ+U method also reproduces the XPS spectrum well. The TB-mBJ+U band-structure calculations of LiGaS2 are found to be in good agreement with the XPS and XES experimental data.

The accurate electronic structure of LiGaS2 allows further investigation of the optical properties. The relation between the photoluminescence of LiGaS2 and its electronic structure was revealed. Moreover, the theoretical results show the possibility of emissions at higher energy levels in LiGaS2, that has not been measured in experiments yet. Good phase-matching of LiGaS2 was expected to occur at energy levels of 5, 6, 6.2, 7, 7.2, and 8 eV.
The Cauchy-Dirichlet problem for the genuinely nonlinear ultra-parabolic equation with the piece-wise smooth minor term is considered. The minor term depends on a small positive parameter and collapses to the one-sided Dirac delta function as this parameter tends to zero. As the result, we arrive at the limiting initial-boundary value problem for the impulsive ultra-parabolic equation. The peculiarity is that the standard entropy solution of the problem for the impulsive equation generally is not unique. In this report, we propose a rule for selecting the ‘proper’ entropy solution, relying on the limiting procedure in the original problem incorporating the smooth minor term.
Purpose. To study the content of cytokines and growth factors in the intraocular fluid of patients with developed stage of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Materials and methods. 56 patients with a verified diagnosis developed stage of primary open-angle glaucomawere examined. The control group consisted of 30 patients with a diagnosis of uncomplicated cataract. A concentration of 17 cytokinesand 3 isoforms of the transforming growth factor (TGF) β was determined using a Bio-Plex Pro™ Human Cytokine 17-plex Assay and Bio-Plex Pro™ and TGFβ 3-plex Assay kit by flow-through fluorometry on a Bio-Plex 200, Bio-Rad double beam laser analyzer, USA. Results. Astatistically significant increase was shown in the concentrations of cytokines and growth factors (interleukins (IL) 4, 6, 7, 8, 12, 17, TGFβ 1, 2, 3, macrophage inflammatory protein 1 β) in the intraocular fluid of patients with developed stage of the primary open-angle glaucoma in respect to data obtained from the study of the intraocular fluid of the persons with uncomplicated cataract, as well as a statistically significant decrease in the concentrations IL-2, IL-10, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Conclusion. In the pathogenesis of primary open-angle glaucoma, the activity of the local chronic inflammatory process is determined. This is confirmed by statistically significant changes in the studied cytokines and growth factors. Increase in the concentrations of the studied representatives of the superfamily of transforming growth factors-beta, which have anti-inflammatory activity, the ability to stimulate proliferation, cell growth, synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins, etc., attests to their importance in the mechanisms of primary open-angle glaucoma development. Increase concentrations of IL-7 in the intraocular fluid of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma allows us to assume participation in the pathogenesis of the primary open-angle glaucoma of this autocrine mediator of activation of the growth of lymphatic structures.
A Gram-reaction-positive, motile, thermophilic spore-forming strain, G1w1(T), was isolated from a hot spring of the Valley of Geysers, Kamchatka (Russia). Based on data from the present polyphasic taxonomic study, including phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA and spo0A gene sequences, the strain is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Geobacillus, for which the name Geobacillus icigianus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is G1w1(T) ( = VKM B-2853(T) = DSM 28325(T)).
An inclusive search for a new-physics signature of lepton-jet resonances has been performed by the ATLAS experiment. Scalar leptoquarks, pair-produced in pp collisions at = 13 TeV at the large hadron collider, have been considered. An integrated luminosity of 3.2 fb−1, corresponding to the full 2015 dataset was used. First (second) generation leptoquarks were sought in events with two electrons (muons) and two or more jets. The observed event yield in each channel is consistent with Standard Model background expectations. The observed (expected) lower limits on the leptoquark mass at 95% confidence level are 1100 and 1050 GeV (1160 and 1040 GeV) for first and second generation leptoquarks, respectively, assuming a branching ratio into a charged lepton and a quark of 100%. Upper limits on the aforementioned branching ratio are also given as a function of leptoquark mass. Compared with the results of earlier ATLAS searches, the sensitivity is increased for leptoquark masses above 860 GeV, and the observed exclusion limits confirm and extend the published results.
In boron neutron capture therapy, the total absorbed dose is the sum of four dose components with different relative biological effectiveness (RBE): boron dose, "nitrogen" dose, fast neutron dose and γ-ray dose. We present a new approach for measuring the first three doses. In this work, we provide the details of this method of dose measurement and results when this proposed method is employed.
The charmless three-body decay modes B±→K±π+π−, B±→K±K+K−, B±→π±K+K− and B±→π±π+π− are reconstructed using data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb−1, collected by the LHCb detector.

The inclusive CP asymmetries of these modes are measured with uncertainties including statistical, systematic, and due to the CP asymmetry of the B±→J/ψK± reference mode.

The distributions of these asymmetries are studied as functions of position in the Dalitz plot and suggest contributions from rescattering and resonance interference processes.
The Richtmyer-Meshkov instability developing on the interface between helium and argon gases hit by a propagating shock wave is simulated numerically. In contrast with conventional approach based on the Navier-Stokes equations,

the simulation in the current paper is performed on the molecular level using the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo method. The data averaging over short time periods is employed to decrease statistical scattering.

The instability development is successfully reproduced with relatively moderate computer resources used. The time evolution of the transmitted shock wave and contact surface velocities are retrieved from numerical data as well as the instability growth rates.
The nonlinear Fourier transform (NFT) is used to characterize the optical combs in the Lugiato-Lefever equation with both anomalous and normal dispersion. We demonstrate that the NFT signal processing technique can simplify analysis of the formation of dissipative dark solitons and regimes exploiting modulation instability for a generation of coherent structures, by approximating the comb with several discrete eigenvalues, providing a platform for the analytical description of dissipative coherent structures.
A sequence of [Formula: see text]-polynomials [Formula: see text] of virtual knots [Formula: see text] was defined by Kaur et al. in 2018. These polynomials have been expressed in terms of index value of crossing and [Formula: see text]-writhe of [Formula: see text]. By the construction, [Formula: see text]-polynomials are generalizations of Kauffman’s Affine Index Polynomial, and are invariants of virtual knot [Formula: see text]. We present values of [Formula: see text]-polynomials of oriented virtual knots having at most four classical crossings in a diagram.
Recent classification of 3/2-transitive permutation groups leaves us with three infinite families of groups which are neither 2-transitive, nor Frobenius, nor one-dimensional affine. The groups of the first two families correspond to special actions of PSL(2, q) and PΓL(2, q), whereas those of the third family are the affine solvable subgroups of AGL(2, q) found by D. Passman in 1967.

The association schemes of the groups in each of these families are known to be pseudocyclic.

It is proved that apart from three particular cases, each of these exceptional pseudocyclic schemes is characterized up to isomorphism by the tensor of its 3-dimensional intersection numbers.
Glycosylation is a common post-translational modification of proteins. It is known, that glycans are directly involved in the pathophysiology of every major disease. Defining genetic factors altering glycosylation may provide a basis for novel approaches to diagnostic and pharmaceutical applications.

Here, we report a genome-wide association study of the human blood plasma N-glycome composition in up to 3811 people.

We discovered and replicated twelve loci. This allowed us to demonstrate a clear overlap in genetic control between total plasma and IgG glycosylation. Majority of loci contained genes that encode enzymes directly involved in glycosylation ( FUT3/FUT6, FUT8, B3GAT1, ST6GAL1, B4GALT1, ST3GAL4, MGAT3 , and MGAT5 ). We, however, also found loci that are likely to reflect other, more complex, aspects of plasma glycosylation process. Functional genomic annotation suggested the role of DERL3 , which potentially highlights the role of glycoprotein degradation pathway, and such transcription factor as IKZF1 .
CD150 (IPO3/SLAM) belongs to the SLAM family of receptors and serves as a major entry receptor for measles virus. CD150 is expressed on normal and malignant cells of the immune system. However, little is known about its expression outside the hematopoietic system, especially tumors of the central nervous system (CNS). Although CD150 was not found in different regions of normal brain tissues,

our immunohistochemical study revealed its expression in 77.6% of human CNS tumors, including glioblastoma, anaplastic astrocytoma, diffuse astrocytoma, ependymoma, and others. CD150 was detected in the cytoplasm, but not on the cell surface of glioma cell lines, and it was colocalized with the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex markers. In addition to the full length mRNA of the mCD150 splice isoform, in glioma cells we found a highly expressed novel CD150 transcript (nCD150), containing an 83 bp insert. The insert is derived from a previously unrecognized exon designated Cyt-new, which is located 510 bp downstream of the transmembrane region exon, and is a specific feature of primate SLAMF1. Both mCD150 and nCD150 cDNA variants did not contain any mutations and had the leader sequence. The nCD150 transcript was also detected in normal and malignant B lymphocytes, primary T cells, dendritic cells and macrophages; however, in glioma cells nCD150 was found to be the predominant CD150 isoform. Similarly to mCD150, cell surface expression of nCD150 allows wild type measles virus entry to the cell.

Our data indicate that CD150 expression in CNS tumors can be considered a new diagnostic marker and potential target for novel therapeutic approaches.
The analysis of state management based on system and structural-functional approaches allowed to identify the current needs of its development, and demonstrate that it performs the tasks of control and regulation, including the transformation of inter-ethnic and rural communities in the regions of Siberia. It is revealed that the state ethnic and agrarian policy does not solve the problem of economic and socio-cultural transformations in the life of communities. It is shown that the optimal solution to this problem would be the regulatory impact assessment (RIA), as well as the construction of theoretical models for the practical implementation of state regulation of transformation processes. The structure of the theoretical model of socio-cultural regulation of transforming communities is proposed.
The 3D organization of the genome is tightly connected to its biological function. The Hi-C approach was recently introduced as a method that can be used to identify higher-order chromatin interactions genome-wide. The aim of this study was to determine genome-wide chromatin interaction frequencies using the Hi-C approach in mouse sperm cells and embryonic fibroblasts. The obtained results demonstrated that the 3D genome organizations of sperm and fibroblast cells show a high degree of similarity both with each other and with the previously described mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. Both A- and B-compartments and topologically associated domains (TADs) are present in spermatozoa and fibroblasts. Nevertheless, sperm cells and fibroblasts exhibited statistically significant differences between each other in the contact probabilities of defined loci. Tight packaging of the sperm genome resulted in an enrichment of long-range contacts compared with the fibroblasts. However, only 30% of the differences in the number of contacts are based on differences in the densities of their genome packages; the main source of the differences is the gain or loss of contacts that are specific for defined genome regions. An analysis of interchromosomal contacts in both cell types demonstrated that the large chromosomes showed a tendency to interact with each other more than with the small chromosomes and vice versa. We found that the dependence of the contact probability P(s) on genomic distance for sperm is in a good agreement with the fractal globular folding of chromatin. The similarity of the spatial DNA organization in sperm and somatic cell genomes suggests the stability of the 3D structure of genomes through generations.
In this contribution, a method based on a solid solution theory of clathrate hydrate for multiple cage occupancy, host lattice relaxation and guest-guest interactions has been presented to estimate hydrate formation conditions of binary and ternary gas mixtures.

We have performed molecular modeling of structure, guest distribution, and hydrate formation conditions for the CO2 + CH4, and CO2 + CH4 + N2 gas hydrates.

In all considered systems with and without N2, at high and medium content of CO2 in the gas phase we have found that CO2 is more favorable to occupy clathrate hydrate cavities than CH4 or N2. Addition of N2 to the gas phase increases ratio concentration CO2 in compressing with concentration CH4 in clathrate hydrates and makes gas replacement more effective. The mole fractions of CO2 in CO2 + CH4 + N2 gas hydrate rapidly increases with the growth of its content in the gas phase. And the formation pressure of CO2 + CH4 + N2 gas hydrate rises in comparison with the formation pressure of CO2 + CH4 gas hydrate. Obtained results agree with the known experimental data for simple CH4, CO2 gas hydrates and mixed CO2 + CH4 gas hydrate.
The Russian Federation has among the highest rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the world and a high rate of untreated hypertension remains an important risk factor. Understanding who is at greatest risk is important to inform approaches to primary prevention.

2,353 hypertensive 35–69 year olds were selected from a population-based study, Know Your Heart, conducted in Arkhangelsk and Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 2015–2018. The associations between untreated hypertension and a range of co-variates related to socio-demographics, health, and health behaviours were examined.

The study found relatively high prevalence of untreated hypertension, especially, in men. Recent initiatives to strengthen primary care provision and implementation of a general health check programme (dispansarisation) are promising, although further studies should evaluate other, potentially more effective strategies tailored to the particular circumstances of this population.
G. lucidum is a typical representative of wood-rotting polypores of the Ganodermataceae family (Basidiomycetes).In Russia, G. lucidum is predominantly found in southern regions: in Stavropol and Krasnodar krais, Northern Caucasus, as well as in Altai taiga in logging areas.

In this study we investigated the phylogeny of G. lucidum specimens from Altai based on the ITS1 ribosomal spacer, and compared them to reishi from other regions of the world.We also studied the phytochemical content of reishi fruit bodies.

Results of the screening suggest that ethanol fractions contain mostly flavonoids, phenols, and coumarins; water fractions are dominated by tannins, carbohydrates, and coumarins; and hexane and ethyl acetate extracts, by terpenoids.The main fatty acids were palmitic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids.We found that fruit bodies of Altai G. lucidum contained 32.4 mg of phenols per 1 g of extract (in pyrocatechol equivalent), while flavonoids made up 11.1 mg per g (in quercetin equivalent).Polysaccharide content was 10.72% of the absolutely dry substance.
Both aggressive and aggression-deprived (AD) species represent pathologic cases intensely addressed in psychiatry and substance abuse disciplines. Previously, we reported that AD mice displayed a higher aggressive behavior score than the aggressive group, implying the manifestation of a withdrawal effect. We employed an animal model of chronic social conflicts, curated in our lab for more than 30 years. In the study, we pursued the task of evaluating key events in the dorsal striatum transcriptome of aggression experienced mice and AD species compared to controls using RNA-Seq profiling. Aggressive species were subjected to repeated social conflict encounters (fights) with regular positive (winners) experience in the course of 20 consecutive days (A20 group). This led to a profoundly shifted transcriptome expression profile relative to the control group, outlined by more than 1000 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). RNA-Seq cluster analysis revealed that elevated cyclic AMP (cAMP) signaling cascade and associated genes comprising 170 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in aggressive (A20) species were accompanied by a downturn in the majority of other metabolic/signaling gene networks (839 DEGs) via the activation of transcriptional repressor DEGs. Fourteen days of a consecutive fighting deprivation period (AD group) featured the basic restoration of the normal (control) transcriptome expression profile yielding only 62 DEGs against the control. Notably, we observed a network of 12 coordinated DEG Transcription Factor (TF) activators from 62 DEGs in total that were distinctly altered in AD compared to control group, underlining the distinct transcription programs featuring AD group, partly retained from the aggressive encounters and not restored to normal in 14 days. We found circadian clock TFs among them, reported previously as a withdrawal effect factor. We conclude that the aggressive phenotype selection with positive reward effect (winning) manifests an addiction model featuring a distinct opioid-related withdrawal effect in AD group. Along with reporting profound transcriptome alteration in A20 group and gaining some insight on its specifics, we outline specific TF activator gene networks associated with transcriptional repression in affected species compared to controls, outlining Nr1d1 as a primary candidate, thus offering putative therapeutic targets in opioid-induced withdrawal treatment.