Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
New nitronyl nitroxides, namely, 2-(4,5-dimethylimidazol-2-yl)- and 2-(4,5-dichloroimidazol-2-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-3-oxide-1-oxyl, were prepared in crystalline form. According to single-crystal X-ray data, intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonds are formed between NH groups of the imidazole cycles and O atoms of the nitroxide moieties.

The intermolecular H-bonds contribute to the alignment of molecules into chains along the a-axis; this alignment causes short intrachain contacts between O and C atoms carrying spin density of opposite signs. Such an arrangement of nitroxides induces ferromagnetic intrachain interactions (J ≈ 10 cm−1) between neighboring radicals.
We discuss various experiments on e + e -annihilation into hadrons relevant to the problem of the muon anomalous magnetic moment.

They include a status of the ISR measurements of the e + e -→ π + π -as well as studies of numerous hadronic final states in experiments with the CMD-3 and SND detectors at the VEPP-2000 e + e -collider.
Microorganism identification by MALDI TOF mass-spectrometry is based on the comparison of the mass spectrum of the studied organism with those of reference strains. It is a rapid and reliable method. However, commercial databases and programs are mostly designed for identification of clinically important strains and can be used only for particular mass spectrometer models. The need for open platforms and reference databases is obvious. In this study we describe a geometric approach for microorganism identification by mass spectra and demonstrate its capabilities by analyzing 24 strains belonging to the Bacillus pumilus group. This method is based on representing mass spectra as points on a multidimensional space, which allows us to use geometric distances to compare the spectra. Delimitation of microorganisms performed by geometric approach correlates well with the results of molecular phylogenetic analysis and clustering using Biotyper 3.1. All three methods used allowed us to reliably divide the strains into two groups corresponding to closely related species, Bacillus pumilus and Bacillus altitudinis . The method developed by us will be implemented in a Web interface designed for using open reference databases for microorganism identification. The data is available at http://www.bionet.nsc.ru/mbl/database/database.html .
Chromosomal rearrangements are proposed to promote genetic differentiation between chromosomally differentiated taxa and therefore promote speciation. Due to their remarkable karyotypic polymorphism, the shrews of the Sorex araneus group were used to investigate the impact of chromosomal rearrangements on gene flow.

Five intraspecific chromosomal hybrid zones characterized by different levels of karyotypic complexity were studied using 16 microsatellites markers.

We observed low levels of genetic differentiation even in the hybrid zones with the highest karyotypic complexity. No evidence of restricted gene flow between differently rearranged chromosomes was observed. Contrary to what was observed at the interspecific level, the effect of chromosomal rearrangements on gene flow was undetectable within the S. araneus species.
The paper aims to look for an adequate ontological explanation of the «second pattern» existence within Ladyman’s ITSR, the existence of which is a necessary condition that the analyzed pattern is a real pattern indeed. From Ladyman’s point of view, the ontological truthmaker for the epistemic fact is thus that it is a real pattern. As the core interpretation of truthmaking within Ladyman’s concept, we will take the interpretation of truthmaking as essential dependence proposed by E.J. Lowe: an object is a truthmaker for the proposition when part of the essence of the proposition is that the proposition is true if the object exists. Taking into account a number of limitations of Lowe’s concept (essence precedes existence, essence is not an object, etc.), the existence of a “second pattern” within Ladyman’s conception should be understood via defining its essence, regardless of whether its very existence is ever confirmed.
Combined measurements of Higgs boson production cross sections and branching fractions are presented. The combination is based on the analyses of the Higgs boson decay modes $H \to \gamma\gamma$, $ZZ^\ast$, $WW^\ast$, $\tau\tau$, $b\bar{b}$, $\mu\mu$, searches for decays into invisible final states, and on measurements of off-shell Higgs boson production. Up to $79.8$ fb$^{-1}$ of proton-proton collision data collected at $\sqrt{s}=$ 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector are used. Results are presented for the gluon-gluon fusion and vector-boson fusion processes, and for associated production with vector bosons or top-quarks. The global signal strength is determined to be $\mu = 1.11^{+0.09}_{-0.08}$. The combined measurement yields an observed (expected) significance for the vector-boson fusion production process of $6.5\sigma$ ($5.3\sigma$). Measurements in kinematic regions defined within the simplified template cross section framework are also shown. The results are interpreted in terms of modifiers applied to the Standard Model couplings of the Higgs boson to other particles, and are used to set exclusion limits on parameters in two-Higgs-doublet models and in the simplified Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model. No significant deviations from Standard Model predictions are observed.
We comment on the recent paper "Note on the perihelion/periastron advance due to cosmological constant" by H. Arakida (Int. J. Theor. Phys. 52, 1408 (2013)) and provide simple derivations of both the main result of this paper and of the Adkins–McDonnell's precession formula, on which this main result is based.
The article considers the main classification features of the category of hard-to-recover oil reserves. The analysis of changes in the dynamics of production of hard-to-recover oil in Russia is carried out. The relationship between the development parameters of the oil and gas complex and the level of socio-economic development of resource regions using the method of hierarchical cluster analysis is investigated.
A need to deeper understand the influence of electric current on the structure and properties of metallic materials consolidated by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) stimulates research on inter-particle interactions, bonding and necking processes in low-pressure or pressureless conditions as favoring technique-specific local effects when electric current passes through the underdeveloped inter-particle contacts. Until now, inter-particle interactions during pressureless SPS have been studied mainly for particles of the same material.

In this work, we focused on the interactions between particles of dissimilar materials in mixtures of micrometer-sized Fe and Al powders forming porous compacts during pressureless SPS at 500–650 °C.

Due to the chemical interaction between Al and Fe, necks of conventional shape did not form between the dissimilar particles. At the early interaction stages, the Al particles acquired shell morphology. It was shown that this morphology change was not related to the influence of electric current but was due to the Kirkendall effect in the Fe–Al system and particle rearrangement in a porous compact. No experimental evidence of melting or melt ejection during pressureless SPS of the Fe–Al mixtures or Fe and Al powders sintered separately was observed. Porous FeAl-based compacts could be obtained from Fe-40at.%Al mixtures by pressureless SPS at 650 °C.
Hyperpolarized (HP) propane is a promising contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of lungs and for studying porous media. The parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP) technique is a convenient approach to produce pure propane gas with enhanced proton polarization, when hydrogenation of propylene with parahydrogen is performed over heterogeneous catalysts.

Here, we present a new approach of multidimensional mapping of the efficiency of pairwise parahydrogen addition using PHIP-echo pulse sequence. We use this approach to study the performance of three model heterogeneous Rh/TiO2 catalysts in the production of HP propane gas. The three catalysts with 1.0, 13.7, and 23.2 wt % of supported rhodium nanoparticles have been characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and high resolution transition electron microscopy (HRTEM). By varying the fractions of parahydrogen and propylene in the reactant mixture as well as the gas mixture pressure, 2D maps of PHIP-echo NMR signal and 2D maps of HP propane NMR signal enhancement were obtained.

These maps clearly indicate that lower metal coverage results in more efficient pairwise hydrogen addition, producing greater levels of proton polarization of propane gas. The presented method can be extended to multidimensional characterization of the influence of other key parameters of PHIP reaction process including temperature or addition of an inert carrier gas. A 2D T1 relaxation map of propane at 9.4 T is also reported as a function of propane fraction (in the mixture with hydrogen) and gas mixture pressure.
We show that the light shift in atomic clocks can be suppressed using time variation of the interrogation field intensity.

By measuring the clock output at two intensity levels, error signals can be generated that simultaneously stabilize a local oscillator to an atomic transition and correct for the shift of this transition caused by the interrogating optical field. These methods are suitable for optical clocks using one- and two-photon transitions, as well as for microwave clocks based on coherent population trapping or direct interrogation.

The proposed methods can be widely used both for high-precision scientific instruments and for a wide range of commercial clocks, including chip-scale atomic clocks.
Aim . To identify associations of polyphenolic compounds consumption in general, as well as their particular classes with the risk of arterial hypertension (AH) in the population of Novosibirsk residents of the 45-69 age group. Material and methods . In 2003-2005, an epidemiological survey of the population of 45-69 years of Novosibirsk was conducted (HAPIEE international project “Determinants of cardiovascular diseases in Eastern Europe: a multicenter cohort study”). 9360 people were examined, including 4266 men and 5094 women. The average age of the surveyed was 576 years A nutrition assessment was performed using Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) questionnaire. The European base Phenol-Explorer 3,6 was used to estimate the content of polyphenolic compounds and their subclasses. In the structure of each product group, food habits of the Siberian population, typically used products were taken into account. AH was diagnosed in case of systolic blood pressure (SBP) levels >140 mm Hg. and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) >90 mm Hg, as well as in individuals with normal blood pressure values while taking antihypertensive drugs in the last two weeks prior to this survey. Results . The risk of AH developing in the quartile with the highest total consumption of polyphenolic compounds in men is 33% less than in the quartile with the lowest consumption (odds ratio (OR) 0,67 confidence interval (CI) 0,56-0,79, P=0.004), and in women, respectively, — 37% less ( OR 0,63, CI 0,54-0,74, P<0,001). For certain classes of polyphenolic compounds: the highest level of consumption of flavonoids associates with a reduction of AH risk in men by 33% (OR 0,67 CI 0,57-0,80, P<0,001) and in women — by 39% (OR 0,61, CI 0,57-0,71, P=0,002). For both men and women, the probability of AH developing in the quartile with consumption of phenolic acids is 21% lower (OR 0,79, CI 0,66-0,94, P=0,002) and 16% (OR 0,84, CI 0,72-0,99, P<0,001), respectively. In men, the consumption of other polyphenols is also significant (the risk with maximum use is reduced by 18%, OR 0,84, CI 0,69-0,98, P=0,018). Conclusion . In the population of Novosibirsk (age group 45-69 years), high levels of consumption of polyphenols in general, as well as such subclasses as flavonoids and phenolic acids, are associated with a decrease of AH risk.
a whole and have a different function in its development.The expansion of deesis is consistent and gradual, deterministic in a turning of its stages.Development of this type of spatial icon sets up a culmination for a storyline and drives the plot itself (the wicked punished in hell receive mercy as a consequence of deesis' development).Angelic liturgy, on the contrary, moves along a storyline, its culmination is more of a marker of a storyline's culmination than the means of achieving it.
We studied cavitating flow over the suction side of a symmetric 2D foil – a scaled-down model of high-pressure hydroturbine guide vanes (GV) – in different cavitation regimes at the attack angle of 3°.

High-speed imaging was used to analyze spatial patterns and time dynamics of the gas-vapour cavities. A hydroacoustic pressure transducer was employed to register time-spectra of pressure fluctuations nearby the hydrofoil. A PIV technique was applied to measure the velocity fields and its fluctuations. The active flow control was implemented by means of a continuous liquid supply with different flow rates through a slot channel located in the GV surface.

It was found that the active mass injection does not influence the primary flow upstream of the slot channel position. For the cavitation-free and cavitation inception cases, the injection was shown to make the turbulent wake past the GV section more intense. However, at the developed cavitation regimes the active flow management made it possible to reduce substantially the amplitude or even totally suppress the periodic cavity length oscillations and pressure pulsations associated with them.
The paper is devoted to the localization problem of a set of vector field discontinuities, and also discontinuities of its derivatives.

We propose new approaches to the reconstruction of vector field singularities by its ray transforms. Alongside modification the Vainberg operator, for solution of this problem we use certain operators of vector analysis in different combinations.
One of the promising ways of removing large heat fluxes from the surface of heat-stressed elements of electronic devices is the use of evaporating thin layer of liquid film, moving under the action of the gas flow in a flat channel. In this work, a prototype of evaporative cooling system for high heat flux removal with forced circulation of liquid and gas coolants with controlled pulsation, capable to remove heat flux of up to 1,5 kW/cm2 and higher was presented. For the first time the regime with controlled pulsation is used. Due to pulsations, it is possible to achieve high values of critical heat flux due to a brief increase in the flow rate of the liquid, which allows to "wash off" large dry spots and prevent the occurrence of zones of flow and drying.
The Laser Polarimeter is being developed at VEPP-4M collider for beam energy calibration by Resonant Depolarization technique. The essential part of this facility is a photon-tracking detector measuring coordinates of backscattered gammas.
Our object of study is the asymptotic growth of heaviest paths in a charged (weighted with signed weights) complete directed acyclic graph. Edge charges are i.i.d. random variables with common distribution F supported on [-∞, 1] with essential supremum equal to 1 (a charge of -∞ is understood as the absence of an edge). The asymptotic growth rate is a constant that we denote by C(F). Even in the simplest case where F = pδ 1 + (1 -p)δ -∞, corresponding to the longest path in the Barak-Erdős random graph, there is no closed-form expression for this function, but good bounds do exist.

In this paper we construct a Markovian particle system that we call 'Max Growth System' (MGS), and show how it is related to the charged random graph. The MGS is a generalization of the Infinite Bin Model that has been the object of study of a number of papers.

We then identify a random functional of the process that admits a stationary version and whose expectation equals the unknown constant C(F). Furthermore, we construct an effective perfect simulation algorithm for this functional which produces samples from the random functional.
The paper describes some biological features of the radioprotective effect of double-stranded RNA preparation. It was found that yeast RNA preparation has a prolonged radioprotective effect after irradiation by a lethal dose of 9.4 Gy. 100 % of animals survive on the 70th day of observation when irradiated 1 hour or 4 days after 7 mg RNA preparation injection, 60 % animals survive when irradiated on day 8 or 12. Time parameters of repair of double-stranded breaks induced by gamma rays were estimated. It was found that the injection of the RNA preparation at the time of maximum number of double-stranded breaks, 1 hour after irradiation, reduces the efficacy of radioprotective action compared with the injection 1 hour before irradiation and 4 hours after irradiation. A comparison of the radioprotective effect of the standard radioprotector B-190 and the RNA preparation was made in one experiment. It has been established that the total RNA preparation is more efficacious than B-190. Survival on the 40th day after irradiation was 78 % for the group of mice treated with the RNA preparation and 67 % for those treated with B-190. In the course of analytical studies of the total yeast RNA preparation, it was found that the preparation is a mixture of single-stranded and double-stranded RNA. It was shown that only double-stranded RNA has radioprotective properties. Injection of 160 μg double-stranded RNA protects 100 % of the experimental animals from an absolutely lethal dose of gamma radiation, 9.4 Gy. It was established that the radioprotective effect of double-stranded RNA does not depend on sequence, but depends on its double-stranded form and the presence of “open” ends of the molecule. It is supposed that the radioprotective effect of double-stranded RNA is associated with the participation of RNA molecules in the correct repair of radiation-damaged chromatin in blood stem cells. The hematopoietic pluripotent cells that have survived migrate to the periphery, reach the spleen and actively proliferate. The newly formed cell population restores the hematopoietic and immune systems, which determines the survival of lethally irradiated animals.
The present paper discusses methodological approaches to the creation of nomenclatural standards and genetic passports for Russian cultivars, currently being developed at the N.I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) in collaboration with different breeding research centers. Plant material of potato cultivars bred in the Siberian Research Institute of Plant Cultivation and Breeding was collected by the cultivar creator A.D. Safonova in the experimental field of this institute and transferred to the VIR herbarium for preparation of their nomenclatural standards. Plant shoots and tubers of potato cultivars bred in other Siberian research centers in collaboration with the A.G. Lorkh All-Russian Research Institute of Potato Farming (VNIIKH) was collected by the representative of this institute in the experimental field of VNIIKH. As a result of joint research, nomenclatural standards were accomplished for 11 cultivars, namely ‘Аntonina’, ‘Zlatka’, ‘Lina’, ‘Lûbava’, ‘Nakra’, ‘Pamâti Rogačeva’, ‘Sarovskij’, ‘Safo’, ‘Solnečnyj’, ‘Tuleevskij’, ‘Ûna’** bred in five different Siberian breeding institutes including cultivars developed in collaboration with VNIIKH. Nomenclatural standards were prepared according to the ‘International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants’. DNA samples isolated from nomenclatural standards were used for preparation of genetic passports of these 11 cultivars. These genetic passports include information of the polymorphism of eight chromosome-specific microsatellites, data on the markers of 11 R-genes conferring resistance to various harmful organisms, as well as the information about cytoplasm types. Voucher specimens of additional three Siberian cultivars ‘Kemerovčanin’, ‘Kuznečanka’, ‘Tanaj’ and five Ural cultivars ‘Аlâska’, ‘Bravo’, ‘Irbitskij’, ‘Lûks’, ‘Terra’ from the Ural Research Institute for Agriculture were also registered in the VIR herbarium collection. For these eight cultivars, the genetic passports were not issued, but the results of SSR genotyping and molecular screening of voucher specimens performed with the same set of the DNA markers are presented in this report. A similar set of DNA markers was used for genotyping cultivar accessions from the in vitro and field collections of various institutes as well as cultivar specimens from eco-geographical tests performed within the framework of the Comprehensive Research Plan of the subprogram “Development of potato breeding and seed production in the Russian Federation”. The comparison of cultivar genetic passport data with genotyping results of specimens having the same name, but obtained from different sources made it possible to verify this plant material.
The relationship between canine tooth size and social signaling has long been observed in wild carnivore and primate populations. In several of these species, it has been well‐established that larger canine size is directly correlated to social structures where agonistic interactions are commonplace. However, canine teeth are difficult to study in the wild because they serve multiple roles in addition to social signaling, such as food acquisition and guiding functional occlusion of the jaws. The Russian silver fox experiment represents a long‐term, controlled study where foxes have been selected for a behavioral phenotype toward either non‐aggression or hyper‐aggression. Results from the experiment have demonstrated that an increase in the range of variation of several soft tissue features accompanies selection for non‐aggression. In the absence of food‐related selective pressures, the influence of behavioral selection on dentition can be observed. The objective of this study is to compare the variation present in the gross dental sizes of canine teeth, which serve both social and food‐related roles, and carnassial teeth (maxillary P 4 and mandibular M 1 ), which play critical roles in mastication, as a result of selection solely on behavioral phenotype. We employed univariate and multivariate comparisons of maxillary canine, maxillary fourth premolar, mandibular first molar mesiodistal length and buccolingual breadth, as well as maximum height and crown height of the canine. These data were collected in sex‐balanced samples of unselected (n=51), tame (n=48), and hyper‐aggressive (n=50) experimental strains. Results indicate that the canine tooth is the most variable tooth across all three strains. This is in line with observations recorded in wild fox populations. However, foxes in the aggressive‐selected strain exhibit significantly reduced variation in canine crown height compared to the tame and control groups, further supporting hypotheses that the canine is strongly influenced by behavioral selective pressures favoring aggression. The patterns of variability in the tame‐selected strain tend to mirror those in the unselected strain, albeit with greater degrees of sexual dimorphism present in the variation. This provides further evidence that canine teeth are under strong selection relative to behavioral pressures and supports hypotheses that selection on behavior can affect the rate of variability of structures. Support or Funding Information University of Iowa College of Dentistry; University of Missouri; University of North Texas Health Science Center