Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
The purpose of the research was to investigate the exact solutions of nonlinear shallow water equations associated with planetary equatorial waves corresponding to the Cauchy-Poisson free boundary problem describing the nonstationary motion of an incompressible perfect fluid propagating around a solid circle. We consider water waves for which the ratio of the depth of fluid above the circular bottom to the radius of the circle is small (shallow water).
Interpretation of non-coding genomic variants is one of the most important challenges in human genetics. Machine learning methods have emerged recently as a powerful tool to solve this problem. State-of-the-art approaches allow prediction of transcriptional and epigenetic effects caused by non-coding mutations. However, these approaches require specific experimental data for training and can not generalize across cell types where required features were not experimentally measured. We show here that available epigenetic characteristics of human cell types are extremely sparse, limiting those approaches that rely on specific epigenetic input.

We propose a new neural network architecture, DeepCT , which can learn complex interconnections of epigenetic features and infer unmeasured data from any available input.

Furthermore, we show that DeepCT can learn cell type-specific properties, build biologically meaningful vector representations of cell types and utilize these representations to generate cell type-specific predictions of the effects of non-coding variations in the human genome.
Although the term 'post-truth' appeared in the 1990s the peak of its popularity is the 2016–2020s. In 2016 the Oxford dictionary ranked it as the most used word in the media. The reason for this popularity according the most researchers is related to the spread and functioning of social networks where objective facts are less important in comparison with emotions and personal beliefs. The last five years are characterized by an increasing number of works in which the phenomenon of post-truth is investigated in the aspects of political science, social sociology, psychology, ethics.

The author of the article tries to fill this gap and highlight the main characteristic of post-truth rhetoric. Such features include a biased selection of facts and the way they are placed in media text, rigid scheme which includes four elements: a media person, criminal plot, step by step development of narrative and non-finished final. In the first of the scheme the media person can act as an organizer of an actual or imaginary event or as on object of extremal influence (a victim). The criminal nature of the plot is associated with a violation of the normal course of things. Moreover, such a violation should not be a one-time act but should assume development through the accumulation of new details. Also, to become a post-truth the event must contain the development potential associated with collision of opposite version explaining its meaning.

In a situation of post-truth the role of the speaker in relation to audience changes. The speaker seeks not so much to join those who disagree with his point of view as to strengthen the split of the recipients who oppose each other. Thus, the post-truth as a method of information warfare and / or mastering the mass consciousness has become possible thanks to radical change in the media space excluding control over it. At the same time, its hidden premises appeal to the new rhetorical theory of Ch. Perelman.
In recent years, in view of the transformation in education in the Russian Federation, it has been necessary to introduce different technical facilities and new educational methods into the educational process. An introduction of training systems into the educational process concerns every educational method. New methods use various results from such fields as pedagogy, psychology, cybernetics, mathematics, and linguistics.

Automated training systems consist of 3 components: informational, didactic, and ergonomic. This paper considers 2 components: didactic and ergonomic. They provide maximum learning with minimum energy consumption on the part of the trainee, in acceptable working conditions.

As an example, this paper considers educational systems of calculus mathematics and mathematical geophysics realized in the Novosibirsk State University and Institute, Russian Federation.
The low-magnetic-field feature in the magnetic field dependence of the luminescence of negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV−) centers in diamond has been experimentally observed for the first time. This feature, centered at the zero magnetic field—henceforth the zero field line—and observed with a magnetic field sweep of NV− center luminescence (magnetic spectrum), is quite narrow. The properties of this line are considerably different from those of other narrow NV− magnetic spectrum lines. Its amplitude is weakly dependent on the orientation of the single-crystal sample with respect to the external magnetic field. This line is also observed in a powdered sample. The shape of the line changes drastically with a change in the polarization of excitation light. The amplitude of the line non-linearly depends on excitation light intensity. For low intensities this dependence is close to the square law. We attribute the occurrence of this line to the dipole–dipole interaction between different NV− centers.
The dependence of wakefield amplitude and phase on beam and plasma parameters is studied in the parameter area of interest for self-modulating proton beam-driven plasma wakefield acceleration. The wakefield phase is shown to be extremely sensitive to small variations of the plasma density, while sensitivity to small variations of other parameters is reasonably low. The study of large parameter variations clarifies the effects that limit the achievable accelerating field in different parts of the parameter space: nonlinear elongation of the wakefield period, insufficient charge of the drive beam, emittance-driven beam divergence, and motion of plasma ions.
In this study, n-type MoS2 monolayer flakes are grown through chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and a p-type Cu2O thin film is grown via electrochemical deposition. The crystal structure of the grown MoS2 flakes is analyzed through transmission electron microscopy. The monolayer structure of the MoS2 flakes is verified with Raman spectroscopy, multiphoton excitation microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and photoluminescence (PL) measurements. After the preliminary processing of the grown MoS2 flakes, the sample is then transferred onto a Cu2O thin film to complete a p-n heterogeneous structure. Data are confirmed via scanning electron microscopy, SHG, and Raman mapping measurements. The luminous energy gap between the two materials is examined through PL measurements. Results reveal that the thickness of the single-layer MoS2 film is 0.7 nm. PL mapping shows a micro signal generated at the 627 nm wavelength, which belongs to the B2 excitons of MoS2 and tends to increase gradually when it approaches 670 nm. Finally, the biosensor is used to detect lung cancer cell types in hydroplegia significantly reducing the current busy procedures and longer waiting time for detection. The results suggest that the fabricated sensor is highly sensitive to the change in the photocurrent with the number of each cell, the linear regression of the three cell types is as high as 99%. By measuring the slope of the photocurrent, we can identify the type of cells and the number of cells.
This study focused on the large-scale vortex structures. The working section was a tangential vortex chamber with a cylindrical cross-section. The flow was swirled by tangential supply of fluid into the chamber, using 12 direct-flow rectangular nozzles. The design swirl parameter was equal to 6.6 and was determined based on the vortex chamber geometry. The Reynolds number was maintained equal to 30000. Quantitative measurements were realized with the use of the optical technique of laser Doppler anemometry. The results of optical measurements allowed determining main parameters of the vortex core for two basic modes of the vortex flow, including the central direct-flow vortex and the spiral vortex.
The life-history theory suggests that parental experience of the environment is passed to offspring, which allows them to adapt to prevailing conditions. This idea is supported from the mother’s side, but to a much less extent from the father’s side.

Here, we investigated the effect of immunising fathers on pre- and neonatal development and on immune and neuroendocrine phenotypes of their offspring in C57BL/6J mice. Nine days before mating, fathers were intraperitoneally injected with the immunogenic protein keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH).

Therefore, the paternal experience of foreign antigens modulates the immune and neuroendocrine systems of their progeny, suggesting possible survival and reproductive adaptations to parasitic pressure.
The serotonergic system and in particular serotonin 1A receptor (5-HT1AR) are implicated in major depressive disorder (MDD).

Here we demonstrated that 5-HT1AR is palmitoylated in human and rodent brains, and identified ZDHHC21 as a major palmitoyl acyltransferase, whose depletion reduced palmitoylation and consequently signaling functions of 5-HT1AR. Two rodent models for depression-like behavior show reduced brain ZDHHC21 expression and attenuated 5-HT1AR palmitoylation. Moreover, selective knock-down of ZDHHC21 in the murine forebrain induced depression-like behavior. We also identified the microRNA miR-30e as a negative regulator of Zdhhc21 expression. Through analysis of the post-mortem brain samples in individuals with MDD that died by suicide we find that miR-30e expression is increased, while ZDHHC21 expression, as well as palmitoylation of 5-HT1AR, are reduced within the prefrontal cortex.

Our study suggests that downregulation of 5-HT1AR palmitoylation is a mechanism involved in depression, making the restoration of 5-HT1AR palmitoylation a promising clinical strategy for the treatment of MDD.
Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) are recombinant protein molecules that redirect cytotoxic lymphocytes toward malignant and other target cells. The high feasibility of manufacturing CAR-modified lymphocytes for the therapy of cancer has spurred the development and optimization of new CAR T cells directed against a broad range of target antigens.

In this review, we describe the main structural and functional elements constituting a CAR, discuss the roles of these elements in modulating the anti-tumor activity of CAR T cells, and highlight alternative approaches to CAR engineering.
The minimum distance graph of a code has the codewords as vertices and edges exactly when the Hamming distance between two codewords equals the minimum distance of the code.

A constructive proof for reconstructibility of an extended perfect binary one-error-correcting code from its minimum distance graph is presented.

Consequently, inequivalent such codes have nonisomorphic minimum distance graphs. Moreover, it is shown that the automorphism group of a minimum distance graph is isomorphic to that of the corresponding code.
The modern development of chemistry and chemical technologies allow us to produce synthetic materials that exhibit physical characteristics similar to the characteristics of the tissues of the body, a satisfactory biocompatible and thromboresistant. Such materials are demanded in vascular surgery, but their practical use is required to improve their biological properties, namely the ability to form normal endothelium on the inner surface and the cell layers inside the wall. Biodegradable synthetic polymeric 3D matrices, populated by functional endothelial (EC) and smooth muscle (SMC) cells of the recipient can be a suitable option for reconstructive surgical interventions on the vessels.

3D-matrices (polycaprolactone+ gelatin) made by electrospinning method, seeded in vitro human EC and SMC, which were obtained from heart tissue. Cells were cultured on these matrices for 7 days, then were implanted in the abdominal aorta of 23 SCID mice. 3D matrices without cells were implanted 12 mice for control. After 2, 4, 12 and 24 weeks after implantation, performed ultrasound scan and MRI of the abdominal aorta, immune histological studies explanted patches.

Polycaprolactone patchs seeded by functional EC and SMC enhanced local neovascularization in the area of their implantation, with the development of a vascularized fibrous capsule, promote adhesion and proliferation of EC and SMC, provide good patency of the mice abdominal aorta during 24 weeks of observation. Cell-populated polycaprolactone matrices can be used to create patient-specific vascular grafts.
A developed tradition of illustrating Siberian texts in Russian literature makes it possible to identify several approaches and corresponding principles for interpreting texts through illustrations. Established in the Soviet period when Astafyev’s works were subjected to severe censorship, that tradition of illustrating did not allow to reveal the fundamental for the author inseparability of the beautiful and unbearable, the substance of life and the substance of death through a set of pictorial imagery.

The approach examined in this article can be for convenience called an “icon-like” as it focuses on the Orthodox tradition in visual arts and is related to corresponding iconographic patterns in illustration. One of the key representatives of this approach is an Irkutsk artist Sergey Eloyan, who turned to the art of book illustration in 2003 within a large-scale project by Gennady Sapronov aimed at publishing the most outstanding works by Siberian writers. As the book is very complex in terms of genre, the “icon-like” approach became a means for the artist to visualise the liminal chronotope and paradoxical nature of Astafyev’s images when illustrating the piece.

When freed from the shackles of censorship in the post-Soviet period, The Tsar Fish turned out to be saturated with completely polar imagery: the beautiful and disgusting, the high and low do not simply coexist, but merge into something inseparable. Both of these are conceptual interpretations of the task of visualising an artistic text at the junction of traditional and new approaches of book illustration, made from different perspectives.
We report measurements of branching fractions of $\tau$ lepton decays to final states with a $K^{0}_{S}$ meson using a 669 fb$^{-1}$ data sample accumulated with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy $e^{+}e^{-}$ collider. The inclusive branching fraction is measured to be $\mathcal{B}(\tau^{-} \to K^{0}_{S}\ X^{-} \nu_{\tau})=(9.15 \pm 0.01 \pm 0.15) \times 10^{-3}$, where $X^{-}$ can be anything; the exclusive branching fractions are $\mathcal{B}(\tau^{-} \to \pi^{-} K^{0}_{S} \nu_{\tau}) = (4.16 \pm 0.01 \pm 0.08) \times 10^{-3}$, $\mathcal{B}(\tau^{-} \to K^{-} K^{0}_{S} \nu_{\tau}) = (7.40 \pm 0.07 \pm 0.27) \times 10^{-4}$, $\mathcal{B}(\tau^{-} \to \pi^{-} K^{0}_{S} \pi^{0} \nu_{\tau}) = (1.93 \pm 0.02 \pm 0.07) \times 10^{-3}$, $\mathcal{B}(\tau^{-} \to K^{-} K^{0}_{S} \pi^{0} \nu_{\tau}) = (7.48 \pm 0.10 \pm 0.37)\times 10^{-4}$, $\mathcal{B}(\tau^{-} \to \pi^{-} K^{0}_{S} K^{0}_{S} \nu_{\tau}) = (2.33 \pm 0.03 \pm 0.09) \times 10^{-4}$, $\mathcal{B}(\tau^{-} \to \pi^{-} K^{0}_{S} K^{0}_{S} \pi^{0} \nu_{\tau}) = (2.00 \pm 0.22 \pm 0.20) \times 10^{-5}$, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. For each mode, the accuracy is improved over that of pre-$B$-factory measurements by a factor ranging from five to ten. In $\tau^{-} \to \pi^{-} K^0_S K^0_S \pi^{0} \nu_{\tau}$ decays, clear signals for the intermediate states $\tau^{-} \to \pi^- f_{1}(1285)\nu_{\tau}$ and $\tau^{-} \to K^{*-}K^{0}_{S} \pi^{0} \nu_{\tau}$ are observed.
To investigate how tobacco and tea spread among virgin populations and how the first addictions have subsequently influenced the behavior of present-day populations. Design Retrospective observational study using data from frozen burials and levels of theobromine, theophylline, caffeine, nicotine, and cotinine measured in hair samples from frozen bodies of autochthonous people. Confrontation of the results with new ethnobotanical, historical and cultural data from the past and with present day epidemiological data from the same region.

Setting Eastern Siberia (Yakutia) from the contact with Europeans (17th century) to the assimilation of people into Russian society (19 th century). Participants 47 frozen bodies of autochthonous people from eastern Siberia and a review of present-day populations from Yakutia Intervention Levels of theobromine, theophylline, caffeine, nicotine, and cotinine were measured in hair samples. Along with the collection of cultural data associated with the bodies, potential comorbidities were investigated. Main outcome measure We combined LC-HRMS and LC-MS/MS tools for toxicological investigations in hair and we assessed the association between xenobiotic concentrations and geography using several permutation-based methods to infer the economic circuits of tobacco and tea. Comparison of the results obtained with ethno-botanical analyses allowed to identify the products from which the metabolites were derived.

Results Hair levels of theobromine, theophylline and caffeine vary with the type of beverage consumed: green, black or local herbal teas. At the beginning of our study period, a few heavy consumers of tobacco were found among light or passive consumers. Tobacco-related co-morbidities began to be recorded one century after contact with Europeans. Heavy tea users were only found from the 19 th century and the heaviest users of the two substances date from this century. After the first contact, teas were widely consumed as beverages and medicines but also for shamanic reasons. Economic factors, fashion and social and family contacts seem to have played a decisive role in tobacco consumption very early on. Conclusion Epidemiological characteristics of present-day Yakutia suggest that the high prevalence of smokers and tea consumers, the prevalence of female smokers and tobacco use in the north, find their origins in the diffusion phenomena of the 18th and 19th century. Behavioral evolution governed the process of substance integration and was determinant for the continuity of use of these substances over a long period of time.
At present, the GDT facility of the Budker Institute Novosibirsk, which is an axially symmetric magnetic mirror device of gas dynamic trap type, is being upgraded. The first stage of the upgrade is the Synthesised Hot Ion Plasmoid (SHIP) experiment.

The experiments will be performed in a small mirror section that is installed at one side of the GDT. The magnetic field on axis will be in the range of 1-7 T and the mirror ratio will amount 1.2-1.4. The mirror is filled with background plasma streaming in from the central cell. Two neutral beam injectors perpendicularly inject a total current up to 120 equ. Amperes of hydrogen atoms with an energy of 25 keV as pulse with a duration of about 1 ms. Ionisation of the beams generates the high-energetic ion component with the high density and mean energy about 17 keV. The plasma bata ~ 0.8.

This contribution explains the concept of the SHIP experiment and presents the results of SHIP simulation. The first experimental activity is also presented.
There is an attempt to explain some evolutionary processes in plants such as saltatory changes on the base of multidimensionality of plant inherited information coding.

According to the suggested hypothesis, inherited information is coded by not only a nucleotide sequence but also by chromosome differential endoreduplication. It is supposed that chromosomes compete among each other for the contact with the nuclear membrane, but a change in the endoreduplication degree of various chromosome sites can result in a change of competition ability for the contact with a nuclear membrane.

A simultaneous increase of chromosome endoreduplication degree of many sites can lead to an increase of nuclear membrane surface and to a change in chromosome competitive interrelations and, respectively, to a change of activity of many genes. Phenotypicaly it may manifest itself as a saltatory change of many traits.
Screening of the Coulumb interaction accounting for the Friedel oscillations in the structures with multicomponent low-dimensional electron plasma is considered. Calculations are made for nanotubes, double quantum wells (DQW) and superlattices. The binding energy of a donor in DQW is found as a function of the subbands occupation numbers.
En Siberia los morfotipos de Cloudina han sido tradicionalmente considerados como una variedad tafonómica de conchas de Anabarites, insertadas una dentro de otra, bajo condiciones hidrodinámicas específicas. Las asociaciones de conchas cónicas telescópicas son omnipresentes en el Grupode Kessyusa y en estratos contemporáneos a lo largo de Siberia, y no todos ellos pueden ser fácilmente interpretados como resultado de un simple apilamiento mecánico. Queda por ver si alguna de estas bioacumulaciones representa una asociación de vida de una estructura morfotípica de tipo Cloudina.
Thin film solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) operating in the intermediate temperature (IT) range are now considered as promising for distributed, mobile, standby or auxiliary power generation. At present one of the most important scientific aims in design of solid oxide fuel cells is to lower the operating temperatures to 600-800 С. In this temperature range, majority of problems inherent to SOFC operating at high (950-1000 C) are alleviated. Thus, cations interdiffusion and solid state reactions between electrolyte and electrodes are hampered and thermal stresses are decreased which prevent degradation of the functional layers [Yamamoto, 2004 ]. Hence, design of thin film SOFC requires also elaboration of nanostructured electrodes compatible with electrolytes from chemical and thermophysical points of view and providing a developed three-phase boundary (TPB). In this respect, broad options are provided by design of nanocomposite mixed ionic-electronic conducting (MIEC) functional layers – (Sadykov et al., 2010; Sadykov et al., 2009; Sadykov et al., 2008).
Using pp collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb(-1) and collected by LHCb in 2011 at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV, we report the measurement of direct CP violation in B(s)(0)→K(-)π(+) decays, A(CP)(B(s)(0)→K(-)π(+)=0.27±0.04 (stat)±0.01 (syst), with significance exceeding 5 standard deviations. This is the first observation of CP violation in the decays of B(s)(0) mesons. Furthermore, we provide an improved determination of direct CP violation in B(0)→K(+)π(-) decays, A(CP)(B(0)→K(+)π(-)=-0.080±0.007 (stat)±0.003 (syst), which is the most precise measurement of this quantity to date.
Humans and fruit flies demonstrate similarity in sleep-wake behavior, e.g., in the pattern of sleep disturbances caused by an exposure to high temperature. Although research has provided evidence for a clear connection between sleeping problems and infertility in women, very little is known regarding the mechanisms underlying this connection. Studies of dysgenic crosses of fruit flies revealed that an exposure to elevated temperature induces sterility in female intra-specific hybrids exclusively in one of two cross directions (progeny of Canton-S females crossed with Harwich males).

Given the complexity and limitations of human studies, this fruit flies’ model of temperature-sensitive sterility might be used for testing whether the effects of high temperature on fertility and on 24-h sleep pattern are inter-related. To document this pattern, 315 hybrids were kept for at least five days in constant darkness at 20 °C and 29 °C.

No evidence was found for a causal link between sterility and sleep disturbance. However, a diminished thermal responsiveness of sleep was shown by females with temperature-induced sterility, while significant responses to high temperature were still observed in fertile females obtained by crossing in the opposite direction (i.e., Canton-S males with Harwich females) and in fertile males from either cross.