Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
After exposure to thermal stress or a control temperature, the relative abundance of ecdysone (E) and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) was measured in a wild-type line of Drosophila virilis (101) that is stress responsive and in a mutant line (147) that is not stress responsive.

In line 101, the 20E content was higher and E content lower in females than in males. The abundance of E and 20E in females of line 147 was significantly higher than that in females of line 101. Females of line 101 were found to respond to 60 min of heat stress (38°C) by an increase in the abundance of both E and 20E, while in males of this line the amount of 20E increased and that of E declined.

A role of the ecdysteroids in the control of reproduction of D. virilis under stress is discussed.
We have carried out an analysis of whether blood IgG antibodies can protect humans from oxidative stress by oxidizing different harmful compounds. A somewhat unexpected result was obtained. We show here for the first time that healthy human sera IgGs with the peroxidase (in the presence H 2 O 2 ) efficiently oxidize different compounds: 3,3′-diaminobenzidine ( 1 ; DAB), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt ( 2 ; ATBS), o -phenylenediamine ( 3 ; OPD), homovanillic acid ( 4 ; HVA), α-naphthol ( 5 ), 5-aminosalicylic acid ( 6 ; 5-ASA) and 3-amino-9-ethylcarbazole ( 7 ; AEC), but seven of nine IgG preparations from different volunteers cannot oxidize p -hydroquinone ( 8 : pHQ). The average apparent k cat values in the H 2 O 2 -dependent oxidation by human IgGs decreased in the following order (min −1 ): ATBS (73.7) ≥ DAB (66.3) > AEC (38.0) ≥ HVA (19.8) ≥ α-naphthol (8.6) > OPD (0.62) ≥ 5-ASA (0.48) > pHQ (0.24). In the absence of H 2 O 2 (oxidoreductase activity), the relative average k cat values decreased in the following order (min −1 ): DAB (52.1) ≥ ATBS (50.5) > OPD (0.25). The peroxidase average activity of human IgGs was higher than the oxidoreductase one: 1.2-, 1.5- and 2.5-fold for DAB, ATBS and OPD, respectively. It should be assumed that antibodies can oxidize in addition to the large number of other different compounds analysed by us. As a whole, the specific wide repertoire of polyclonal human IgGs oxidizing various compounds could play an important role in protecting humans from oxidative stress and serve as an additional natural system destroying H 2 O 2 and different toxic mutagenic and carcinogenic compounds.
It is required an ultra-high vacuum (near 1E-11 Torr in the beam absence mode) in the synchrotron source of 4th generation SFR 'SKIF'. Owing to the vacuum chambers have small molecular conductivity and the space limitation for pumps location, compact combined pumps application is required, i.e. pump on the base of non-evaporable getter and sputter ion pump. The modern pumps NEXTorr (SAES Getters, Italy) are not implemented the all of requirements on argon and methane for SFR 'SKIF'.

Therefore, it is necessary to create similar combined pumps by Russian manufacture. The first theoretical pumping speed calculations for one cell of diode type sputter ion pump and the whole of sputter ion pump are presented here.

Also experimental results of pumping speed measurements depending on the magnetic field, diameter and length of cell for sputter ion pump are given.
The solid-state dewetting phenomenon was used to obtain submicron- and micron-sized SiGe particle arrays by the Ge deposition on Si(100) substrates. Their transmission and reflection spectra were measured and numerically modeled by the FDTD method. They exhibit resonance effects in broad infrared spectral ranges, depending on the particle size. The broadband antireflection property is associated with wide particle size distributions and the influence of a high-index substrate. The results show that the dewetting phenomenon provides the natural formation of arrays of particles shaped as close to a sphere segment, and they turned out to be effective as antireflection coatings.
Sulphide-bearing mill wastes of the Ursk Ore Processing Plant situated in the Kemerovo region (Russia) were investigated in the 2013 – 2015. Multipurpose studies of the Ursk mining tailings allowed to determine the composition of the wastes pore waters, acid mine drainages and affected groundwater. Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) was used to trace the geoelectric zoning of the wastes, expressed as a consistent change of the electrical resistivity from zone to zone. Layers with low resistivity indicate areas with pore spaces filled by highly mineralized solutions with high concentrations of Cu, Zn, Cd, As, and Sb up to 12 g/L in total.
A search for direct production of the f1(1285) resonance in e+e− annihilation is performed with the SND detector at the VEPP-2000 e+e− collider.

The analysis is based on data with an integrated luminosity of 15.1 pb−1 accumulated in the center-of-mass energy range 1.2–1.4 GeV. Two e+e−→f1(1285) candidate events are found at the peak of the resonance and zero events beyond the resonance.

The significance of the e+e−→f1(1285) signal is 2.5σ. The cross section at the maximum of the resonance is found to be σ(e+e−→f1)=45−24+33 pb. The corresponding branching fraction B(f1(1285)→e+e−)=(5.1−2.7+3.7)×10−9. We consider this result as a first indication of the process e+e−→f1(1285). The measured branching fraction is consistent with the theoretical prediction.
A measurement of the ratio of the branching fractions of the $B^{+}\rightarrow K^{+}\mu^{+}\mu^{-}$ and $B^{+}\rightarrow K^{+}e^{+}e^{-}$ decays is presented using proton-proton collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb$^{-1}$, recorded with the LHCb experiment at center-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 $\mathrm{\,Te\kern -0.1em V}$.

The value of the ratio of branching fractions for the dilepton invariant mass squared range $1

This value is the most precise measurement of the ratio of branching fractions to date and is compatible with the SM prediction within $2.6$ standard deviations.
The implementation of assisted reproductive technologies (ART), hormonal stimulation in particular, may change the quality of ovulated oocytes. The purpose of our work was to study ovulation in CD1 mice after their stimulation with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and to investigate the effects of such hormonal stimulation on the pregnancy duration, fetal losses and the weight of the offspring. No significant differences were found in the total number of ovulated oocytes or in the number of immature (without a polar body) ovulated oocytes; nor were there differences between the groups in the number of oocytes with a developing polar body. However, the number of matured oocytes with a distinct polar body was significantly higher ( p < 0.05) in mice stimulated with hCG (experimental group) as compared with the controls (6.2 ± 0.86 and 2.2 ± 0.97, respectively). No significant differences were observed between the experimental and control mice in the duration of pregnancy or in the numbers of term offspring, including the percentage of live and stillborn pups. However, the body weight of the offspring in the experimental group was significantly lower ( p < 0.001) as compared with the controls on the fifth day after birth (3.16 ± 0.09 and 3.76 ± 0.07, respectively). Thus, exogenous hCG facilitates the development of mouse oocytes in vivo , which leads to the larger number of their mature forms at ovulation, however, the offspring born after hCG-stimulated pregnancy was characterized by a lower body weight on the fifth day after birth.
The nucleotide excision repair (NER) is one of the main repair systems present in the cells of living organisms. It is responsible for the removal of a wide range of bulky DNA lesions. We succeeded in developing a method for assessing the efficiency of NER in the cell (ex vivo), which is a method based on the recovery of TagRFP fluorescent protein production through repair of the damage that blocks the expression of the appropriate gene. Our constructed plasmids containing bulky nFlu or nAnt lesions near the tagrfp gene promoter were shown to undergo repair in eukaryotic cells (HEK 293T) and that they can be used to analyze the efficiency of NER ex vivo. A comparative analysis of the time dependence of fluorescent cells accumulation after transfection with nFlu- and nAnt-DNA revealed that there are differences in how efficient their repair by the NER system of HEK 293T cells can be. The method can be used to assess the cell repair status and the repair efficiency of different structural damages.
In a number of models Dark Matter (DM) consists of particles similar to those in SM.

I suggest simple method for the search of Dark Matter particles and some related particles which allows to measure reliably their masses and spins

in a wide class of such models for Dark Matter.
The results of the studies of the mechanisms of microelements accumulation in the radon waters of the Zaeltsovsky field (the southern part of West Siberia) are presented for the first time. The key role of the water-rock system in these processes is shown. The radon waters of calcium hydrocarbonate and calcium-sodium hydrocarbonate composition with total mineralization ranging from 322 up to 895 mg/dm3 (222Rn = 11-801 Bq/dm3) are prevailing in the field. Metal species such as Ag+, Ba2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Mn2+, Sr2+, Fe2+ are represented by free ions, and Be2+, Fe3+, Zr4+, Ti4+ by hydroxide complexes. Calculations reveal that the waters are saturated with carbonate (modifications CaCO3 and CaMg(CO3)2, MnCO3, FeCO3, PbCO3), silicate ((Fe2+, Fe3+)2 – 3Si2O5(OH)4), hydroxide (FeOOH and MnOOH) and oxide minerals (modification SiO2, TiO2, Mn2+Mn23+O4). Radon waters are unsaturated with some compounds of zircon, zinc, barium, molybdenum, iron, copper, strontium: ZrO2, Zn(OH)2, BaCO3, CaMoO4, FeMoO4, CuO, CuMoO4, Cu3(ÑÎ3)2(ÎÍ)2, Fe(OH)2, Cu(OH)2, SrSO4, SrCO3, 3MgO2SiO2·2H2O etc. In some samples, the observed saturation of water is relatively rare phosphate minerals (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, Fe3(PO4)2·8H2O, MnHPO4), chlorargyrite (AgCl) and lead molybdate (PbMoO4). The concentrations of some elements (namely Sr, Pb, Zn Mo, Be) in the radon waters of the Zaeltsovsky field are at the level of their concentrations in rocks.
The paper proves that there exists an exponential number of nonequivalent propelinear extended perfect binary codes of length growing to infinity. Specifically, it is proved that all transitive extended perfect binary codes found by Potapov (2007) are propelinear. All such codes have small rank, which is one more than the rank of the extended Hamming code of the same length. We investigate the properties of these codes and show that any of them has a normalized propelinear representation.
Specific features of half-plane image formation in a coherent optical spatially noninvariant system of the 2F-2F telecentric type by the projecting objective with a limited aperture are studied (spatial filter is absent).

The dependence of the light intensity on the object position at a point corresponding to the half-plane image edge is found in an analytical form using approximation of the Fresnel integrals by analytical functions.

As the half-plane approaches the boundary of the field of system vision determined by the objective aperture diameter, the light intensity is demonstrated to deviate significantly, which may lead to the noticeable measurement errors.
This study seeks to develop, test and assess a methodology for automatic extraction of a complete set of 'term-like phrases' and to create a terminology spectrum from a collection of natural language PDF documents in the field of chemistry. The definition of 'term-like phrases' is one or more consecutive words and/or alphanumeric string combinations with unchanged spelling which convey specific scientific meanings. A terminology spectrum for a natural language document is an indexed list of tagged entities including: recognized general scientific concepts, terms linked to existing thesauri, names of chemical substances/reactions and term-like phrases.

The retrieval routine is based on n-gram textual analysis with a sequential execution of various 'accept and reject' rules with taking into account the morphological and structural information.The assessment of the retrieval process, expressed quantitatively with a precision (P), recall (R) and F1-measure, which are calculated manually from a limited set of documents (the full set of text abstracts belonging to 5 EuropaCat events were processed) by professional chemical scientists, has proved the effectiveness of the developed approach. The term-like phrase parsing efficiency is quantified with precision (P = 0.53), recall (R = 0.71) and F1-measure (F1 = 0.61) values.

The paper suggests using such terminology spectra to perform various types of textual analysis across document collections. This sort of the terminology spectrum may be successfully employed for text information retrieval, for reference database development, to analyze research trends in subject fields of research and to look for the similarity between documents.
Helicity amplitudes and differential cross section of high-energy $e^+e^-$ photoproduction accompanied by bremsstrahlung in the electric field of a heavy atom are derived. The results are exact in the nuclear charge number and obtained in the leading quasiclassical approximation. They correspond to the leading high-energy small-angle asymptotics of the amplitude. It is shown that, in general, the Coulomb corrections essentially modify the differential cross section as compared to the Born result. When the initial photon is circularly polarized the Coulomb corrections lead to the asymmetry in the distribution over the azimuth angles $\varphi_i$ of produced particles with respect to the replacement $\varphi_i\to -\varphi_i$.
Patients with COVID-19 may develop pneumonia, severe symptoms of acute respiratory distress syndrome, and multiple organ failure. Nevertheless, the variety of forms of this disease, requires further research on the pathogenesis of this disease.

Based on the analysis of published data on the concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 in biological fluids of the nasopharynx, lungs and intestines and using a developed modular model of the virus distribution in human tissue and organs, an assessment of the SARS-CoV-2 reproduction in various compartments of the body is presented.

Most of viral particles can enter into the esophagus from nasopharynx. Entering viral particles into the gastrointestinal tract will obviously be accompanied by infection of the intestinal epithelium and accumulation of the virus in the intestinal lumen in an amount proportional their secretory and protein-synthetic activities. The relatively low concentration of SARS-CoV-2 in tissues implies an essential role of transport processes and redistribution of the virus from nasopharynx and intestines to lungs. The model simulations also supposes that sanitation of the nasopharynx mucosa at the initial stage of the infectious process considering inhibition of the virus accumulation by means of cellular and humoral responses has prospects for the use in medicine practice.
Interband photoluminescence (PL) and stimulation emission (SE) from HgTe/HgCdTe quantum well (QW) heterostructures are studied in 5–20 µm wavelength range in regard to long‐wavelength lasing applications. The authors obtain carrier lifetimes using time‐resolved photoconductivity measurements and show that the dominating mechanism of carrier recombination changes from the radiative process to the non‐radiative one as the bandgap is decreased, limiting the “operating” temperature for SE. The authors suggest that decreasing the QW width should reverse the balance in carrier recombination in favor of radiative processes and demonstrate 75 K improvement in the “operating” temperature in structure with narrower QW.
Exosomes represent a sort of extracellular vesicles, which transfer molecular signals in organism and possess markers of producing cells.

Our study was aimed at search of exosomes in the tears of healthy humans, confirmation of their nature and examination of exosome morphological and molecular-biological characteristics. The tears (110-340 ml) were collected from 24 healthy donors (aged 46-60 years); individual probes were centrifuged at 20000 g for 15 min to pellet cell debris. The supernatants were examined in electron microscope using negative staining; and they were also used for isolation and purification of the exosomes by filtration (100 nm pore-size) and double ultracentrifugation (90 min at 100000 g, 4°C). The 'pellets' were subjected to electron microscopy, immunolabeling. The RNA and DNA were isolated from the samples, and their sizes were evaluated by capillary electrophoresis, the concentration and localization of nucleic acids were determined. Sequencing of DNA was performed using MiSeq ('Illumina', USA), data were analyzed using CLC GW 7.5 ('Qiagen', USA). Sequences were mapped on human genome (hg19).

Electron microscopy revealed in supernatants of the tears cell debris, spherical microparticles (20-40 nm), membrane vesicles and macromolecular aggregates. The 'pellets' obtained after ultracentrifugation, contained microparticles (17%), spherical and cup-shaped EVs (40-100 nm, 83%), which were positive for CD63, CD9 and CD24 receptors (specific markers of exosomes). Our study showed presence of high amount of exosomes in human tears, and relation of the exosomes with RNA (size less than 200 nt) and DNA (size was 3-9 kb). Sequencing of the DNA showed that about 92% of the reads mapped to human genome.
The experimental results on the ratios of branching fractions R(D)=B(B[over ¯]→Dτ^{-}ν[over ¯]_{τ})/B(B[over ¯]→Dℓ^{-}ν[over ¯]_{ℓ}) and R(D^{*})=B(B[over ¯]→D^{*}τ^{-}ν[over ¯]_{τ})/B(B[over ¯]→D^{*}ℓ^{-}ν[over ¯]_{ℓ}), where ℓ denotes an electron or a muon, show a long-standing discrepancy with the standard model predictions, and might hint at a violation of lepton flavor universality.

We report a new simultaneous measurement of R(D) and R(D^{*}), based on a data sample containing 772×10^{6} BB[over ¯] events recorded at the ϒ(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB e^{+}e^{-} collider. In this analysis the tag-side B meson is reconstructed in a semileptonic decay mode and the signal-side τ is reconstructed in a purely leptonic decay.

The measured values are R(D)=0.307±0.037±0.016 and R(D^{*})=0.283±0.018±0.014, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic. These results are in agreement with the standard model predictions within 0.2, 1.1, and 0.8 standard deviations for R(D), R(D^{*}), and their combination, respectively. This work constitutes the most precise measurements of R(D) and R(D^{*}) performed to date as well as the first result for R(D) based on a semileptonic tagging method.
Due to the revival of interest to the development of fast reactors cooled by liquid metals, the theoretical research for improving their safety is actual. A detailed calculation of all stages of an accident from the beginning to the end requires knowledge of the laws for modelling physical processes occurring in the reactor in case of emergency. The most serious are accidents with core destruction. Simulation of a severe accident in a nuclear reactor is the key element in safety analysis of nuclear power plants.

The main objective of the proposed research is to develop models and numerical algorithms for calculation of the destruction of fuel rods with oxide, metallic and nitride fuels. The models of destruction and some calculation results are presented in the paper.

The processes are investigated for the first phase of severe accidents, covering the period from the onset of fuel-rod melting to the melt escape from the core center.
Homozygous siblings with different treatment histories represent an excellent model to study both the phenotypic manifestation of mutations and the efficacy of therapy.

We compared phenylketonuria (PKU) manifestations in two different gender siblings who were homozygous carriers of a rare phenylalanine hydroxylase (
A study of the two-body decays B^{±}→X_{cc[over ¯]}K^{±}, where X_{cc[over ¯]} refers to one charmonium state, is reported by the BABAR Collaboration using a data sample of 424 fb^{-1}. The absolute determination of branching fractions for these decays are significantly improved compared to previous BABAR measurements.

Evidence is found for the decay B^{+}→X(3872)K^{+} at the 3σ level. The absolute branching fraction B[B^{+}→X(3872)K^{+}]=[2.1±0.6(stat)±0.3(syst)]×10^{-4} is measured for the first time.

It follows that B[X(3872)→J/ψπ^{+}π^{-}]=(4.1±1.3)%, supporting the hypothesis of a molecular component for this resonance.
In vitro cellular models are promising tools for studying normal and pathological conditions. One of their important applications is the development of genetically engineered biosensor systems to investigate, in real time, the processes occurring in living cells. At present, there are fluorescence, protein-based, sensory systems for detecting various substances in living cells (for example, hydrogen peroxide, ATP, Ca2+ etc.,) or for detecting processes such as endoplasmic reticulum stress. Such systems help to study the mechanisms underlying the pathogenic processes and diseases and to screen for potential therapeutic compounds.

It is also necessary to develop new tools for the processing and analysis of obtained microimages. Here, we present our web-application CellCountCV for automation of microscopic cell images analysis, which is based on fully convolutional deep neural networks. This approach can efficiently deal with non-convex overlapping objects, that are virtually inseparable with conventional image processing methods.

The cell counts predicted with CellCountCV were very close to expert estimates (the average error rate was < 4%). CellCountCV was used to analyze large series of microscopic images obtained in experimental studies and it was able to demonstrate endoplasmic reticulum stress development and to catch the dose-dependent effect of tunicamycin.
An equilibrium problem for a two-dimensional homogeneous linear elastic body containing a thin elastic inclusion and an interfacial crack is considered. The thin inclusion is modeled within the framework of Euler-Bernoulli beam theory. An explicit formula for the first derivative of the energy functional with respect to the crack perturbation along the interface is presented. It is shown that the formulas for the derivative associated with translation and self-similar expansion of the crack are represented as path-independent integrals along smooth contour surrounding one or both crack tips. These path-independent integrals consist of regular and singular terms and are analogs of the well-known Eshelby-Cherepanov-Rice J-integral and Knowles-Sternberg M-integral.
A novel scheme is presented for production of a thin ($100$ cm$^2$) by pulsed laser ablation of a solid surface.

Instead of dispersing the laser energy uniformly over the surface, a modified Fabry-Perot interferometer is employed to concentrate the laser energy in very narrow closely-spaced concentric rings. This approach may be optimized to minimum total laser energy for the desired vapor density.

Furthermore, since the vapor is produced from a small fraction of the total surface area, the local ablation depth is large, which minimized the fraction of surface contamination in the vapor.