Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Using infrared (IR) spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, interaction of CO with the strongest known pure Brønsted carborane superacids, H(CHB11Hal11) (Hal = F, Cl), was studied.

CO readily interacted at room temperature with H(CHB11F11) acid, forming a mixture of bulk salts of formyl and isoformyl cations, which were in equilibrium An(-)H(+)CO COH(+)An(-). The bonding of CO to the surface Brønsted centers of the weaker acid, H(CHB11Cl11), resulted in breaking of the bridged H-bonds of the acid polymers without proton transfer (PT) to CO. The binding occurred via the C atom (blue shift ΔνCO up to +155-167 cm(-1), without PT) or via O atom (red shift ΔνCO up to -110 cm(-1), without PT) always simultaneously, regardless of whether H(+) is transferred to CO. IR spectra of all species were interpreted by B3LYP/cc-pVQZ calculations of the simple models, which adequately mimic the ability of carborane acids to form LH(+)CO, LH(+)CO, COH(+)L, and COH(+)L compounds (L = bases).

The CO bond in all compounds was triple. Acidic strength of the Brønsted centers of commonly used acid catalysts, even so-called superacidic catalysts, is not sufficient for the formation of the compounds studied.
We use a $133.4\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ data sample collected at energies near the $\ensuremath{\Upsilon}(5S)$ resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collider.

We report the first evidence for the ${\ensuremath{\eta}}_{b}(2S)$ using the ${h}_{b}(2P)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\eta}}_{b}(2S)\ensuremath{\gamma}$ transition and the first observation of the ${h}_{b}(1P)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\eta}}_{b}(1S)\ensuremath{\gamma}$ and ${h}_{b}(2P)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\eta}}_{b}(1S)\ensuremath{\gamma}$ transitions.

The mass and width of the ${\ensuremath{\eta}}_{b}(1S)$ and ${\ensuremath{\eta}}_{b}(2S)$ are measured to be ${m}_{{\ensuremath{\eta}}_{b}(1S)}=(9402.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.8)\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}/{c}^{2}$, ${m}_{{\ensuremath{\eta}}_{b}(2S)}=(9999.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}{3.5}_{\ensuremath{-}1.9}^{+2.8})\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}/{c}^{2}$, and ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{{\ensuremath{\eta}}_{b}(1S)}=({10.8}_{\ensuremath{-}3.7\ensuremath{-}2.0}^{+4.0+4.5})\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}$. We also update the ${h}_{b}(1P)$ and ${h}_{b}(2P)$ mass measurements.
The work is devoted to the theoretical analysis of viscous properties in heterogeneous media. The viscous term in the initial stochastic Stokes system is averaged. A number of averaging methods based on different mathematical principles are presented: statistical, variational method, self-consistency method. Their main provisions are indicated. The importance of the hypothesis about the body of comparison is shown. On its basis, the presented methods yield identical effective viscosity coefficients. Asymptotic expansions in terms of the phase parameters are performed, as a result of which the concepts of the carrier phase and the structural phase transition are manifested. A comparison with experiment is made.
Influence of forced mechanical vibrations of a suspended single-electron transistor on electron tunneling through the quantum dot limited by the Coulomb blockade is investigated.

It is shown that mechanical oscillations of the quantum dot lead to the Coulomb blockade breakdown, shown in sharp resonant peaks in the transistor conductance dependence on the excitation frequency at values corresponding to the mechanical oscillations eigen modes.

Physical mechanism of the observed effect is considered. It is presumably connected with oscillations of the mutual electrical capacitances between the quantum dot and surrounding electrodes.
Experiments on laser flash photolysis (308 nm) of Fe(OH) 2+ (aq) complex in aqueous solution with addition of nitrobenzene demonstrate the formation of hydroxyl radical in the primary photochemical process.
A number of excellent books and articles on the ore-forming processes, magmatic and hydrothermal systems, physicochemical conditions of the ore-forming fluids, and thermodynamic modeling in the geosciences have been published over the past 50 years
We classify all decompositions of M3(C) into a direct vector-space sum of two subalgebras such that one of the subalgebras contains the identity matrix.

We classify all decompositions of M3(C) into a direct vector-space sum of two subalgebras such that one of the subalgebras contains the identity matrix.

We classify all decompositions of M3(C) into a direct vector-space sum of two subalgebras such that one of the subalgebras contains the identity matrix.
Tick-borne encephalitis is caused by the neurotropic, positive-sense RNA virus, tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). TBEV infection can lead to a variety of clinical manifestations ranging from slight fever to severe neurological illness. Very little is known about genetic factors predisposing to severe forms of disease caused by TBEV. The aims of the study were to compile a catalog of human genes involved in response to TBEV infection and to rank genes from the catalog based on the number of neighbors in the network of pairwise interactions involving these genes and TBEV RNA or proteins. Based on manual review and curation of scientific publications a catalog comprising 140 human genes involved in response to TBEV infection was developed. To provide access to data on all genes, the TBEVhostDB web resource ( http://icg.nsc.ru/TBEVHostDB/ ) was created. We reconstructed a network formed by pairwise interactions between TBEV virion itself, viral RNA and viral proteins and 140 genes/proteins from TBEVHostDB. Genes were ranked according to the number of interactions in the network. Two genes/proteins (CCR5 and IFNAR1) that had maximal number of interactions were revealed. It was found that the subnetworks formed by CCR5 and IFNAR1 and their neighbors were a fragments of two key pathways functioning during the course of tick-borne encephalitis: (1) the attenuation of interferon-I signaling pathway by the TBEV NS5 protein that targeted peptidase D; (2) proinflammation and tissue damage pathway triggered by chemokine receptor CCR5 interacting with CD4, CCL3, CCL4, CCL2. Among nine genes associated with severe forms of TBEV infection, three genes/proteins (CCR5, IL10, ARID1B) were found to have protein-protein interactions within the network, and two genes/proteins (IFNL3 and the IL10, that was just mentioned) were up- or down-regulated in response to TBEV infection. Based on this finding, potential mechanisms for participation of CCR5, IL10, ARID1B, and IFNL3 in the host response to TBEV infection were suggested. A database comprising 140 human genes involved in response to TBEV infection was compiled and the TBEVHostDB web resource, providing access to all genes was created. This is the first effort of integrating and unifying data on genetic factors that may predispose to severe forms of diseases caused by TBEV. The TBEVHostDB could potentially be used for assessment of risk factors for severe forms of tick-borne encephalitis and for the design of personalized pharmacological strategies for the treatment of TBEV infection.
The article deals with discursive manifestation forms of the cultural and ideological content of cancel culture and woke movements. It is suggested that these phenomena are connected by cause (woke) and effect (cancel) relation. Both are analyzed in terms of the discursive semantics, which is mainly concerned with the critics’ narratives of the above phenomena, the positions of their proponents being poorly verbalized.

Nevertheless, just as an example, we present a linguistic analysis of the petition posted by US undergraduate students. The category of proponents also includes representatives of management structures, described by the words government (AmE) and illiberal bureaucracies whose meanings are extremely broad in American culture, which may cause some misunderstanding. The translation interpretation of woke and cancel cultures is also supported by linguo-stylistic and cultural information from English and Russian dictionaries on the words cancel and culture.

As a result, it is proved that the phrase cancel culture can have the following adequate context-related correspondences: “culture” of cancellation and “cancellation” of culture. However, in the opposite direction (from Russian to English), for similar content, the equivalents woke, wokeness, wokeism appear to be much more precise, especially if cultural or social values are implied rather than pop celebrities.
We study groups of some virtual knots with small number of crossings

prove that there is a virtual knot with long lower central series which, in particular, implies that there is a virtual knot with residually nilpotent group. This gives a possibility to construct invariants of virtual knots using quotients by terms of the lower central series of knot groups. Also, we study decomposition of virtual knot groups as semi direct product and free product with amalgamation.

In particular, we prove that the groups of some virtual knots are extensions of finitely generated free groups by infinite cyclic groups.
The review of the studies of GaAs and GaN surfaces performed by the authors at the Institute of Semiconductor Physics (Novosibirsk) are presented. The results of these studies are used for further elucidation of the physics of photoemission from the surfaces with negative electron affinity (NEA) and improving the performance of NEA-photocathodes. In particular, the requirements to III-V semiconductor surfaces, which are necessary for the preparation of NEA photocathodes with ultimate parameters, are analyzed. To meet these requirements, the experimental procedures aimed at preparing atomically clean and flat surfaces with certain reconstructions, which are subsequently activated to the state of NEA in ultra-high vacuum by coadsorption of cesium and oxygen, are developed. The surface morphological, structural, and electronic phenomena occurring on various stages of these preparation procedures are studied, and the relation of these phenomena to the physical limits of NEA-photocathode performance are discussed. [DOI: 10.1380/ejssnt.2007.80]
The properties of the orbitally excited (L=1) Bs(0) states are studied by using 1.0 fb(-1) of pp collisions at sqrt[s]=7 TeV collected with the LHCb detector.

The first observation of the Bs2*(5840)(0) meson decaying to B*+ K- is reported, and the corresponding branching fraction measured relative to the B+ K- decay mode. The Bs1(5830)(0)→B*+ K- decay is observed as well. The width of the Bs2*(5840)(0) state is measured for the first time, and the masses of the two states are determined with the highest precision to date.

The observation of the Bs2*(5840)(0)→B*+ K- decay favors the spin-parity assignment J(P)=2+ for the Bs2*(5840)(0) meson. In addition, the most precise measurement of the mass difference m(B*+)-m(B+)=45.01±0.30(stat)±0.23(syst) MeV/c(2) is obtained.
We report a search for charmless hadronic decays of neutral $B$ mesons to ${\ensuremath{\eta}}^{\ensuremath{'}}{K}^{*}(892{)}^{0}$. The results are based on a $711\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ data sample that contains $772\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}B\overline{B}$ pairs, collected at the $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}(4S)$ resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric energy ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collider. We observe the decay for the first time with a significance of 5.0 standard deviations and obtain its branching fraction $\mathcal{B}[{B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\eta}}^{\ensuremath{'}}{K}^{*}(892{)}^{0}]=[2.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}0.7(\text{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2(\text{syst})]\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$. We also measure the $CP$-violating asymmetry as ${\mathcal{A}}_{CP}[{B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\eta}}^{\ensuremath{'}}{K}^{*}(892{)}^{0}]=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\ensuremath{-}0.22\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.29(\text{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.07(\text{syst})$.
Several approaches have been implemented for organizing spatial modulation of laser illumination, intended for use with various values of the incident radiation energy density. To test the processing and reconstruction algorithms of the experimental data, a series of measurements was carried out using the method of planar laser-induced fluorescence.

The aim of this work was to develop a method of panoramic optical diagnostics of the inhomogeneity of the density field in stratified flows based on the registration of the distribution of the Rayleigh scattering intensity using structured laser radiation.

The distribution of local density in a jet of carbon dioxide flowing into atmospheric air was measured experimentally using a method based on the registration of Rayleigh scattering.
Atoms ionization by the simultaneous absorption of multiple photons has found applications in fiber optics, where it leads to unique nonlinear phenomena. To date, studies of the ionization regime have been limited to gas-filled hollow-core fibers.

Here, we investigate multiphoton ionization of standard optical fibers, where intense laser pulses ionize the atoms constituting the fiber structure itself, instead of that of the filling gas. We characterize material modifications produced by optical breakdown. Their formation affects laser beam dynamics over hours long temporal scales. The damage features are studied by means of optical microscopy and X-ray microtomography.

In the framework of glass photonics, our results pave the way for a novel glass waveguide micromachining technique.
Meiotic recombination is an important source of genetic variability. Studies on mammals demonstrate a substantial interspecies variation in overall recombination rate, which is dependent mainly on chromosome (2n) and chromosome arm number (FN). Bird karyotypes are very conservative with 2n being about 78–82 and FN being 80–90 in most species. However, some families such as Apodidae (swifts) and Falconidae (falcons) show a substantial karyotypic variation. In this study, we describe the somatic and pachytene karyotypes of the male Common Swift (Apus apus) and the pachytene karyotype of the male Eurasian Hobby (Falco subbuteo) and estimate the overall number and distribution of recombination events along the chromosomes of these species. The somatic karyotype was examined in bone marrow cells. Pachytene chromosome spreads were prepared from spermatocytes of adult males. Synaptonemal complexes and mature recombination nodules were visualized with antibodies to SYCP3 and MLH1 proteins correspondingly. The karyotype of the Common Swift consists of three metacentric, three submetacentric and two telocentric macrochromosomes and 31 telocentric microchromosomes (2n = 78; FN = 90). It differs from the karyotypes of related Apodidae species described previously. The karyotype of the Eurasian Hobby contains one metacentric and 13 telocentric macrochromosomes and one metacentric and ten telocentric microchromosomes (2n = 50; FN = 54) and is similar to that described previously in 2n, but differs for macrochromosome morphology. Despite an about 40% difference in 2n and FN, these species have almost the same number of recombination nodules per genome: 51.4 ± 4.3 in the swift and 51.1 ± 6.7 in the hobby. The distribution of the recombination nodules along the macrochromosomes was extremely polarized in the Common Swift and was rather even in the Eurasian Hobby. This study adds two more species to the short list of birds in which the number and distribution of recombination nodules have been examined. Our data confirm that recombination rate in birds is substantially higher than that in mammals, but shows rather a low interspecies variability. Even a substantial reduction in chromosome number does not lead to any substantial decrease in recombination rate. More data from different taxa are required to draw statistically supported conclusions about the evolution of recombination in birds.
Minimal residual disease remaining after resection of primary tumors can lead to tumor recurrence and metastasis, increasing mortality and morbidity rates among cancer patients. Thus, there is a need for new technologies for recognition and elimination of single cancer cells remaining in a patient's body after radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or surgical resection. Effector CD8+ T cells, also commonly known as cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), play a key role in antitumor cellular immunity and, when properly activated, are able to effectively destroy tumor cells. The aims of this study were to obtain CD8+ CTLs specific for the HER2/neu epitopes E75 and E88, and to assess the cytotoxic activity and composition of these cells in terms of the distribution of memory T-cell subsets. We obtained HER2-specific CD8+ T cells and assessed T cell subset distribution among them including naive T cells (TN), central memory T cells (TCM), effector memory T cells (TEM), stem cell-like memory T cells (TSCM) and terminally-differentiated T cells (TEMRA) via eight-color flow cytometry. HER2-specific CTLs were largely (~40–50%) represented by TSCM cells, a population capable of mounting pronounced antitumor immune responses due to a combination of effector function and self-maintenance. In comparison with activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and bulk CD8+ T cells, HER2-specific CTLs exhibited greater cytotoxicity against the HER2-expressing human breast adenocarcinoma cell line MCF-7 and produced higher levels of IFN-γ in response to tumor cells. We also showed the presence of HER2-specific CTLs in healthy individuals and increase in them in HER2-positive breast cancer patients. Collectively, our results suggest that HER2-specific CD8+ T cells isolated using this approach could be used for adoptive T-cell transfer to eliminate tumor cells and prevent metastasis and relapse in patients with HER2-overexpressing cancers.
Parahydrogen induced polarization was employed to prepare a relatively long‐lived correlated nuclear spin state between methylene and methyl protons in propane gas. Conventionally, such states are converted into a strong NMR signal enhancement by transferring the reaction product to a high magnetic field in an adiabatic longitudinal transport after dissociation engenders net alignment (ALTADENA) experiment. However, the relaxation time T 1 of ∼0.6 s of the resulting hyperpolarized propane is too short for potential biomedical applications. The presented alternative approach employs low‐field MRI to preserve the initial correlated state with a much longer decay time T LLSS =(4.7±0.5) s. While the direct detection at low‐magnetic fields (e.g. 0.0475 T) is challenging, we demonstrate here that spin‐lock induced crossing (SLIC) at this low magnetic field transforms the long‐lived correlated state into an observable nuclear magnetization suitable for MRI with sub‐millimeter and sub‐second spatial and temporal resolution, respectively. Propane is a non‐toxic gas, and therefore, these results potentially enable low‐cost high‐resolution high‐speed MRI of gases for functional imaging of lungs and other applications.
Ischemic brain injuries are accompanied by the long-term changes in gene expression in the hippocampus, the limbic system structure, involved in the regulation of key aspects of the higher nervous activity, such as cognitive functions and emotions. The altered expression of genes and proteins encoded by them may be related to the development of post-ischemic psycho-emotional and cognitive disturbances. Activation of neuroinflammation following stroke in the hippocampus has been suggested to play an essential role in induction of long-lasting consequences. Identification of changes in the gene expression patterns after ischemia and investigation of the dynamics of these changes in the hippocampus are the necessary first steps toward understanding molecular pathways responsible for the development of post-stroke cognitive impairments and mental pathologies.
Photoactive transition metal compounds that are prone to reversible redox reactions are important for myriad applications, including catalysis, optoelectronics, and sensing. This article describes chemical and electrochemical methods to prepare cluster complex (Bu4N)[{Mo6I8}Cl6], a rare example of a 23 e– cluster complex within the family of octahedral clusters of Mo, W, and Re. The low temperature and room temperature crystal structures; electronic structure; and the magnetic, optical, and electrochemical properties of this complex are described.
Part III の「生命誕生と初期進化」への導入にあ たる。 冥王代地球の大気には，遊離酸素はほとんど含 まれず，一方で大量の二酸化炭素(数気圧)が存 在していたと考えられている。そのような冥王代 表層において，岩石⊖水相互作用がどのように進 むかを熱水実験で定量的に評価したのが上田・澤 木
The main aspects of the cathode materials morphology for Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (IT SOFC) are considered in this paper. The approaches for estimation of their basic properties, e.g. oxygen mobility and surface reactivity, are described and the results of different techniques (e.g. weight and conductivity relaxation, oxygen isotope exchange) application for studies of powders and dense ceramic materials are compared. The Ruddlesden-Popper type phases (e.g. Pr2NiO4) provide enhanced oxygen mobility due to cooperative mechanism of oxygen interstitial migration. For perovskites, the oxygen mobility is increased by doping, which generates oxygen vacancies or decreases metal-oxygen bond strength. Nonadditive increasing of the oxygen diffusion coefficients found that for perovskite-fluorite nanocomposites, it can be explained by the fast oxygen migration along perovskitefluorite interfaces. Functionally graded nanocomposite cathodes provide the highest power density, the lowest area specific polarization resistance, and the best stability to degradation caused by the surface layer carbonization/ hydroxylation, thus being the most promising for thin film IT SOFC design.
Multimode fibres provide a promising platform for boosting the capacity of fibre links and the output power of fibre lasers. The complex spatiotemporal dynamics of multimode beams may be controlled in spatial and temporal domains via the interplay of nonlinear, dispersive and dissipative effects. Raman nonlinearity induces beam cleanup in long graded-index fibres within a laser cavity, even for CW Stokes beams pumped by highly-multimode laser diodes (LDs). This leads to a breakthrough approach for wavelength-agile high-power lasers. However, current understanding of Raman beam cleanup is restricted to a small-signal gain regime, being not applicable to describing realistic laser operation. We solved this challenge by experimentally and theoretically studying pump-to-Stokes beam conversion in a graded-index fibre cavity. We show that random mode coupling, intracavity filtering and Kerr self-cleaning all play a decisive role for the spatio-spectral control of CW Stokes beams. Whereas the depleted LD pump radiation remains insensitive to them.