Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Background MicroRNAs proceeds through the different canonical and non-canonical pathways; the most frequent of the non-canonical ones is the splicing-dependent biogenesis of mirtrons. We compare the mirtrons and non-mirtrons of human and mouse to explore how their maturation appears in the precursor structure around the miRNA. Results We found the coherence of the overhang lengths what indicates the dependence between the cleavage sites. To explain this dependence we suggest the 2-lever model of the Dicer structure that couples the imprecisions in Drosha and Dicer. Considering the secondary structure of all animal pre-miRNAs we confirmed that single-stranded nucleotides tend to be located near the miRNA boundaries and in its center and are characterized by a higher mutation rate. The 5′ end of the canonical 5′ miRNA approaches the nearest single-stranded nucleotides what suggests the extension of the loop-counting rule from the Dicer to the Drosha cleavage site. A typical structure of the annotated mirtron pre-miRNAs differs from the canonical pre-miRNA structure and possesses the 1- and 2nt hanging ends at the hairpin base. Together with the excessive variability of the mirtron Dicer cleavage site (that could be partially explained by guanine at its ends inherited from splicing) this is one more evidence for the 2-lever model. In contrast with the canonical miRNAs the mirtrons have higher snp densities and their pre-miRNAs are inversely associated with diseases. Therefore we supported the view that mirtrons are under positive selection while canonical miRNAs are under negative one and we suggested that mirtrons are an intrinsic source of silencing variability which produces the disease-promoting variants. Finally, we considered the interference of the pre-miRNA structure and the U2snRNA:pre-mRNA basepairing. We analyzed the location of the branchpoints and found that mirtron structure tends to expose the branchpoint site what suggests that the mirtrons can readily evolve from occasional hairpins in the immediate neighbourhood of the 3′ splice site. Conclusion The miRNA biogenesis manifests itself in the footprints of the secondary structure. Close inspection of these structural properties can help to uncover new pathways of miRNA biogenesis and to refine the known miRNA data, in particular, new non-canonical miRNAs may be predicted or the known miRNAs can be re-classified.
Of all the models used by behavioral neuroscience the biosocial models are gaining in popularity among the scientists who study the consequences of chronic social conflicts and social stress in animals. One of such models, the Standardized Model for Repeated Social Defeat Stress (SMRSDS) (Golden et al., 2011) has been widely applied to produce important results on the molecular mechanisms of the social defeat stress (Berton et al., 2006). SMRSDS is a modified version of the Sensory Contact Model (SCM) (Kudryavtseva, 1991), which has been used by different laboratories in its original or modified forms for elucidating implications of chronic social conflicts.

The basic design and justification of the SCM different stages are described in detail in the latest publication “Sensory contact model: Protocol, control, applications” (Kudryavtseva, 2011).

Thus, it is now possible to compare similarities, differences and, as a consequence, strengths and weaknesses of these two behavioral
The d-group Kramers ions, having strong zero field splitting (ZFS) with axial symmetry and a negative D value for the ZFS Hamiltonian, are widely considered as candidates for use as single molecular magnets (SMMs). An important need is the means to switch the SMM between its states in a reasonably short and predictable period of time, which is generally not available.

We propose an approach, Zeeman–far infrared (ZeFIR) double resonance, in which circularly polarized alternating magnetic fields in the far infrared (FIR) range induce selective magnetic dipole transitions between different Kramers doublets of the SMM and polarized microwave (mw) pulses transfer excitation inside the upper Kramers doublet.

A combination of FIR and mw pulses allows unidirectional switching between +S and −S states of the ion. The proposed approach is considered for a model quartet system with total spin S = 3/2, which seems to be the most promising object for selective resonance manipulations of its states by circularly polarized radiation.
Scientists and laymen alike have always been fascinated by the ability of lenses and mirrors to control light. Now, with the advent of metamaterials and their two-dimensional counterpart metasurfaces, such components can be miniaturized and designed with additional functionalities, holding promise for system integration. To demonstrate this potential, here ultrathin reflection metasurfaces (also called metamirrors) designed for focusing terahertz radiation into a single spot and four spaced spots are proposed and experimentally investigated at the frequency of 0.35 THz. Each metasurface is designed using a computer-generated spatial distribution of the reflection phase. The phase variation within 360 deg is achieved via a topological morphing of the metasurface pattern from metallic patches to U-shaped and split-ring resonator elements, whose spectral response is derived from full-wave electromagnetic simulations. The proposed approach demonstrates a high-performance solution for creating low-cost and lightweight beam-shaping and beam-focusing devices for the terahertz band.
Waardenburg syndrome (WS) is an orphan genetic disease with autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance characterised by varying degrees of hearing loss accompanied by skin, hair and iris pigmentation abnormalities. Four types of WS differing in phenotypic characteristics are now described.

We performed a Sanger sequencing of coding regions of genes PAX3, MITF, SOX10 and SNAI2 in the patient with WS from a Yakut family living in the Sakha Republic. No changes were found in the PAX3, SOX10 and SNAI2 coding regions while a previously reported heterozygous transition c.772C>T (p.Arg259*) in exon 8 of the MITF gene was found in this patient.

This patient presents rare phenotype of WS type 2: congenital unilateral hearing loss, unilateral heterochromia of irises, and absence of skin/hair depigmentation and dystopia canthorum. Audiological variability in WS type 2, caused by the c.772C>T (p.Arg259*) variant in the MITF gene, outlines the importance of molecular analysis and careful genotype–phenotype comparisons in order to optimally inform patients about the risk of hearing loss. The results of this study confirm the association of pathogenic variants in the MITF gene with WS type 2 and expanded data on the variability of audiological features of the WS.
Compounds based on new cyanide cluster anions [{Mo6I8}(CN)6]2–, trans-[{Mo6I8}(CN)4(MeO)2]2– and trans-[{W6I8}(CN)2(MeO)4]2− were synthesized using mechanochemical or solvothermal synthesis. The crystal and electronic structures as well as spectroscopic properties of the anions were investigated. It was found that the new compounds exhibit red luminescence upon excitation by UV light in the solid state and solutions, as other cluster complexes based on {Mo6I8}4+ and {W6I8}4+ cores do. The compounds can be recrystallized from aqueous methanol solutions; besides this, it was shown using NMR and UV-Vis spectroscopy that anions did not undergo hydrolysis in the solutions for a long time. These facts indicate that hydrolytic stabilization of {Mo6I8} and {W6I8} cluster cores can be achieved by coordination of cyanide ligands.
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommentReply to "Comment on 'New insight into Photochemistry of Ferrioxalate'"Ivan P. Pozdnyakov*, Oksana V. Kel, Victor F. Plyusnin, Vjacheslav P. Grivin, and Nikolai M. BazhinView Author Information Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, Institutskaya 3, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Pirogova 2, 630090 RussiaCite this: J. Phys. Chem. A 2009, 113, 30, 8820–8822Publication Date (Web):July 7, 2009Publication History Received24 November 2008Revised9 June 2009Published online7 July 2009Published inissue 30 July 2009https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jp810301ghttps://doi.org/10.1021/jp810301garticle-commentaryACS PublicationsCopyright © 2009 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views569Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (61 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Absorption,Cytosine,Extended X-ray absorption fine structure,Ligands,Photodissociation Get e-Alerts
The effect of the external periodic perturbation on the flow structures and velocity distributions for three stationary flow regimes existing in the T-jet microchannel was investigated using Micro Laser Induced Fluorescence (μLIF) and Micro Particle Image Velocimetry (μPIV) techniques. The in-phase periodic perturbation of the flow in inlet channels at a fixed amplitude and varied pulsing frequency was generated. It was obtained that for a constant Strouhal number determined for several flow regimes the mixing efficiencies are different. The mean flow velocity for examined stationary flow regimes is significantly changed in case of flow perturbations.
Repeated experience of winning in a social conflict setting elevates levels of aggression and may lead to violent behavioral patterns. Here, we use a paradigm of repeated aggression and fighting deprivation to examine changes in behavior, neurogenesis, and neuronal activity in mice with positive fighting experience. We show that for males, repeated positive fighting experience induces persistent demonstration of aggression and stereotypic behaviors in daily agonistic interactions, enhances aggressive motivation, and elevates levels of anxiety. When winning males are deprived of opportunities to engage in further fights, they demonstrate increased levels of aggressiveness. Positive fighting experience results in increased levels of progenitor cell proliferation and production of young neurons in the hippocampus. This increase is not diminished after a fighting deprivation period. Furthermore, repeated winning experience decreases the number of activated (c-fos-positive) cells in the basolateral amygdala and increases the number of activated cells in the hippocampus; a subsequent no-fight period restores the number of c-fos-positive cells. Our results indicate that extended positive fighting experience in a social conflict heightens aggression, increases proliferation of neuronal progenitors and production of young neurons in the hippocampus, and decreases neuronal activity in the amygdala; these changes can be modified by depriving the winners of the opportunity for further fights.
Ferromagnetic materials are the widely used source of spin-polarized electrons in spintronic devices, which are controlled by external magnetic fields or spin-transfer torque methods. However, with increasing demand for smaller and faster spintronic components utilization of spin–orbit phenomena provides promising alternatives. New materials with unique spin textures are highly desirable since all-electric creation and control of spin polarization is expected where the strength, as well as an arbitrary orientation of the polarization, can be defined without the use of a magnetic field.

In this work, we use a novel spin–orbit crystal BiTeBr for this purpose. Because of its giant Rashba spin splitting, bulk spin polarization is created at room temperature by an electric current. Integrating BiTeBr crystal into graphene-based spin valve devices,

we demonstrate for the first time that it acts as a current-controlled spin injector, opening new avenues for future spintronic applications in integrated circuits.
Фосс и Захари (2003) и Фосс, Пальмовски и Захари (2005) изучали вероятность достижения удаляющейся границы на интервале времени случайной длины случайным блужданием, распределение скачков которого имеет тяжелый хвост. Они предложили и развили новый подход, который позволил обобщить результаты Асмуссена (1998) на случай произвольных моментов остановки и широкого класса нелинейных границ и получить равномерные утверждения по всем моментам остановки.

В данной работе рассмотрен один класс ветвящихся случайных блужданий с затуханием ветвления

для которого получены утверждения об асимптотике максимума значений ветвящегося случайного блуждания на интервале времени случайной (возможно, неограниченной) длины, а также равномерные утверждения по классу ограниченных случайных интервалов времени.
Derivation of governing equations for multiphase flow on the base of thermodynamically compatible systems theory is presented. The mixture is considered as a continuum in which the multiphase character of the flow is taken into account. The resulting governing equations of the formulated model belong to the class of hyperbolic systems of conservation laws. In order to examine the reliability of the model, the one-dimensional Riemann problem for the four-phase flow is studied numerically with the use of the MUSCL-Hancock method in conjunction with the GFORCE flux.
Microsatellite (SSR) markers with known precise intrachromosomal locations are widely used for mapping genes in rye and for the investigation of wheat-rye translocation lines and triticale highly demanded for mapping economically important genes and QTL-analysis. One of the sources of novel SSR markers in rye are microsatellites transferable from the wheat genome. Broadening the list of available SSRs in rye mapped to chromosomes is still needed, since some rye chromosome maps still have just a few microsatellite loci mapped. The goal of the current study was to integrate wheat EST-SSRs into the existing rye genetic maps and to construct a consensus rye microsatellite map. Four rye mapping populations (P87/P105, N6/N2, N7/N2 and N7/N6) were tested with CFE (EST-SSRs) primers. A total of 23 Xcfe loci were mapped on rye chromosomes: Xcfe023, -136 and -266 on chromosome 1R, Xcfe006, -067, -175 and -187 on 2R, Xcfe029 and -282 on 3R, Xcfe004, -100, -152, -224 and -260 on 4R, Xcfe037, -208 and -270 on 5R, Xcfe124, -159 and -277 on 6R, Xcfe010, -143 and -228 on 7R. With the exception of Xcfe159 and Xcfe224, all the Xcfe loci mapped were found in orthologous positions considering multiple evolutionary translocations in the rye genome relative to those of common wheat. The consensus map was constructed using mapping data from the four bi-parental populations. It contains a total of 123 microsatellites, 12 SNPs, 118 RFLPs and 2 isozyme loci.
In this work, we apply an effective discrete phase front focusing method to control the coherent combining and temporal compression of laser pulses by means of nonlinear multicore fibers. We numerically demonstrate the possibility of combining almost entirely the input optical pulses injected in all cores, into the central core of a hexagonal lattice multicore fiber. We investigate the optimal operational conditions for the most effective pulse combining and analyze the influence of a positive input pulse temporal chirp and spatial phase modulation. We demonstrate that a pulse, which has been focused into an arbitrary core of the fiber, also undergoes temporal compression.
The model mRNA (MR), 11-mer RNA containing two nitroxide spin labels at the 5'- and 3'-terminal nucleotides and prone to form a stable homodimer (MR)2, was used for Electron Paramagnetic Resonance study of structural rearrangements in mRNA occurring upon its binding to human 80S ribosomes.

The formation of two different types of ribosomal complexes with MR was observed. First, there were stable complexes where MR was fixed in the ribosomal mRNA-binding channel by the codon-anticodon interaction(s) with cognate tRNA(s). Second, we for the first time detected complexes assembled without tRNA due to the binding of MR most likely to an exposed peptide of ribosomal protein uS3 away from the mRNA channel. The analysis of interspin distances allowed the conclusion that 80S ribosomes facilitate dissociation of the duplex (MR)2: the equilibrium between the duplex and the single-stranded MR shifts to MR due to its efficient binding with ribosomes.

Furthermore, we observed a significant influence of tRNA bound at the ribosomal exit (E) and/or aminoacyl (A) sites on the stability of ribosomal complexes. Our findings showed that a part of mRNA bound in the ribosome channel, which is not involved in codon-anticodon interactions, has more degrees of freedom than that interacting with tRNAs.
Stimulated emission (SE) at wavelengths up to 20.3 μm (14.7 THz) is demonstrated from HgCdTe based quantum well heterostructures. The mitigation of Auger processes resulting from «graphene-like» energy spectrum in structures under study is exemplified.

By studying the carrier lifetime via time resolved photoconductivity and transmission pump-probe measurements

we show that further increase in SE wavelength is feasible and discuss the promising routes towards the 5 – 15 THz frequency domain, where quantum cascade lasers are scarce and HgCdTe lasers may be competitive to the prominent emitters.
This is so far the only known site where the ritual complex, which includes post holes, and utility and ritual pits, adjoins a special manufacturing area with furnaces for smelting copper ore and processing bronze. The smelting furnaces are peculiar and have no direct parallels in the Late Bronze Age settlements and sanctuaries of southwestern Siberia, while being somewhat similar to smelting furnaces of the Early Iron Age Itkul culture of the Trans-Urals. Furnaces of the second type resemble those of the local Late Irmen culture.

We describe smelting furnaces found in southwestern Siberia, at the Tartas-1 ritual site, representing the eastern variant of the Pakhomovskaya culture. The pits, differing in form, depth, and size, belonged to a structure. Furnaces are of two types: deep ones, dug into virgin soil, and shallow ones with domes. The former were destined for smelting ore, and the latter for processing metal. The construction of both types is described in detail.

Apparently, in the Baraba forest-steppe, where no copper ore outcrops are available, the ritual complexes included furnaces destined for both smelting ore and processing metal. The bronze metallurgy in the region may have been introduced by immigrants practicing both copper ore smelting and metal processing.
The degrees of spin labeling of a polyphenylene-based polymer and its graphitized derivative with a stable nitronyl nitroxide were evaluated by estimating the absolute numbers of spins in a set of samples using continuous wave (CW) electron spin resonance (ESR).

For these particular systems, the degrees of spin labeling were found to be approximately 0.8% and 1.3%, respectively.

The developed procedure complements the more advanced time-resolved/cryogenic ESR studies on these systems by focusing on the stable spin labels introduced in these magnetically intricate materials and providing an estimate of their absolute amount, which is indispensable in the development of synthetic approaches to prepare modified graphene systems and for evaluating the success of these systems.
The development of fusion facilities urges a search for materials resilient to plasma interaction. For simulations of plasma-material interaction a source of steady-state plasma is needed with sufficiently large plasma density at the level of 1013 cm-3 at least. A helicon plasma source was developed at the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS as a prototype of a powerful plasma source for future use in linear plasma devices for simulation of plasma-material interaction. Using Nagoya-type-III antenna hydrogen plasma is produced at 13.56 MHz frequency and with RF power up to 5 kW inside a quartz discharge chamber of 108 mm outer diameter and 400 mm axial length. Five coils installed outside the discharge chamber produce the magnetic field with two maxima at the ends of the chamber. The efficiency of the plasma production and the plasma density distribution are very sensitive to the geometry and strength of the magnetic field. In this paper, the results of the measurements of radial plasma density profiles and the electron temperature are presented. Their dependence upon the RF power, magnetic field geometry and strength, and gas pressure is discussed.
Multidimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is based on a combination of well-established building blocks for polarization transfer. These blocks are used to design correlation experiments through one or a few chemical bonds or through space. Here, we introduce a building block that enables polarization transfer across all NMR-active nuclei in a coupled network of spins: isotropic mixing at zero and ultralow field (ZULF). Exploiting mixing under ZULF-NMR conditions, heteronuclear TOtal Correlation SpectroscopY (TOCSY) experiments were developed to highlight coupled spin networks. We demonstrate 1H-13C and 1H-15N correlations in ZULF-TOCSY spectra of labeled amino acids, which allow one to obtain cross-peaks among all heteronuclei belonging to the same coupled network, even when the direct interaction between them is negligible. We also demonstrate the potential of ZULF-TOCSY to analyze complex mixtures on a growth medium of isotope-labeled biomolecules. ZULF-TOCSY enables the quick identification of individual compounds in the mixture by their coupled spin networks. The ZULF-TOCSY method will lead to the development of a new toolbox of experiments to analyze complex mixtures by NMR.
For the first time a remarkably exact match was achieved of the results from modelling of CW-pumped SC in a highly non-linear fibre with experiment (A.K. Abeeluck et al. Opt. Lett. 29, 2163-2165 (2004)) where a wide-band SC in the 1200-1780-nm range was reported. Our simulation results show that decay of CW pump radiation into a train of sub-picosecond pulses induced by the modulation instability leads to formation of optical solitons. Energy and carrier frequency of the solitons are random parameters because of quantum noise in the pump radiation. We found that a relatively smooth SC spectrum obtained by us from modelling and observed experimentally comes from averaging of a large number of soliton spectra and the spectrum of short-wavelength non-soliton radiation that is generated because of resonant pumping of energy from solitons.