Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
The paper examines the problems of assessing the long-term impact of intensive exploitation of natural resources on the environment of a large region. Data for empirical study obtained from information of Rosstat and Annual State Reports «On the state and protection of the environment of the Russian Federation». The vast territory of Asian Russia was chosen as the object of research. The results indicate a significant increase in environmental problems at each stage of industrial development in this region. These problems are especially acute in connection with the entry of Asian Russia into the next wave of accelerated industrialization of raw materials, characterized, first of all, by a significant expansion of projects for the extraction and processing of solid minerals and hydrocarbons to new mostly undeveloped territories. This, taking into account the already accumulated environmental problems, makes additional requirements for the substantiation of plans to accelerate the socio-economic development of the region and the launch of new raw materials projects, bringing to the first place not only economic and strategic aspects, but also issues of environmental safety. This, in turn, requires not only constant monitoring of the state of the environment and protection activities of business entities, increasing the reliability and completeness of the results obtained on its basis, but also assessing the compliance of the existing institutional environment with the tasks of eliminating environmental problems accumulated in the region and reducing the negative anthropogenic impact on the environment. At the same time, the results of the analysis of both current approaches to statistical observation in this area and environmental mechanisms indicate the presence of significant imperfections in them. In this regard, it is necessary to improve the institutional mechanisms for regulating environmental protection in order to increase the sustainability of the region’s development
Human migrations in the southern region of the West Siberian Plain during the Bronze Age

Archaeological, palaeogenetic and anthropological data

was published in Population Dynamics in Prehistory and Early History on page 93
This paper is the second in a series of publications on various aspects of relationships between man and environment in the highlands of southeastern Altai. In these studies we assess the impact of climatic changes, evidenced by processes of glaciation and deglaciation, emergence of ice-dammed and residual lakes, soil and peat formation, and seismic activity, on the succession of sedentary and nomadic cultures, and on their distribution ranges in the Late Pleistocene and Holocene. Geochronological data on the evolution of Late Pleistocene ice-dammed lakes and Holocene residual lacustrine systems within the Kuray and Chuya intermountain basins, including our new fi ndings based on geomorphological, geoarchaeological, and geochronological approaches, were summarized in the fi rst paper of the series.

Using Paleolithic sites for assessing the time when the Chuya paleolake emptied in the Late-Pleistocene is unwarranted because their estimated age limits are wide, many are likely redeposited, and most fi nds are random. However, the analysis of spatial distribution of in situ sites spanning the period from the Late Bronze Age to the Middle Ages has provided evidence regarding the transformation of Holocene hydrosystems.

New radiocarbon dates indicate substantial decrease of the Sartan glaciation as early as 14 ka cal. BP and desiccation of the last ice- dammed lakes within the Kuray and Chuya basins before 10 ka cal BP. The absence of Early Holocene archaeological sites in those areas may be due to the wide distribution of residual lakes in the bottoms of those depressions at that time.
Apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP)-endonucleases are multifunctional enzymes that are required for cell viability. AP-endonucleases incise DNA 5′ to an AP-site; can recognize and process some damaged nucleosides; and possess 3′-phosphodiesterase, 3′-phosphatase, and endoribonuclease activities.

To elucidate the mechanism of substrate cleavage in detail, we analyzed the effect of mono- and divalent metal ions on the exo- and endonuclease activities of four homologous APE1-like endonucleases (from an insect (Rrp1), amphibian (xAPE1), fish (zAPE1), and from humans (hAPE1)).

It was found that the enzymes had similar patterns of dependence on metal ions’ concentrations in terms of AP-endonuclease activity, suggesting that the main biological function (AP-site cleavage) was highly conserved among evolutionarily distant species. The efficiency of the 3′-5′ exonuclease activity was the highest in hAPE1 among these enzymes. In contrast, the endoribonuclease activity of the enzymes could be ranked as hAPE1 ≈ zAPE1 ≤ xAPE1 ≤ Rrp1. Taken together, the results revealed that the tested enzymes differed significantly in their capacity for substrate cleavage, even though the most important catalytic and substrate-binding amino acid residues were conserved. It can be concluded that substrate specificity and cleavage efficiency were controlled by factors external to the catalytic site, e.g., the N-terminal domain of these enzymes.
In [Bardakov and Gongopadhyay, Palindromic width of free nilpotent groups, J. Algebra 402 (2014) 379–391] the authors provided a bound for the palindromic widths of free abelian-by-nilpotent group AN n of rank n and free nilpotent group N n,r of rank n and step r. In the present paper, we study palindromic widths of groups [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. We denote by [Formula: see text] the quotient of the group G n = 〈x 1 , …, x n 〉, which is free in some variety by the normal subgroup generated by [Formula: see text]. We prove that the palindromic width of the quotient [Formula: see text] is finite and bounded by 3n. We also prove that the palindromic width of the quotient [Formula: see text] is precisely 2(n - 1). As a corollary to this result, we improve the lower bound of the palindromic width of N n,r . We also improve the bound of the palindromic width of a free metabelian group. We prove that the palindromic width of a free metabelian group of rank n is at most 4n - 1.
A breakthrough in the high-pressure structures of Ba based on a full exploitation of aperiodic symmetry is discussed in the general context of the 'complex structures of simple metals'.
The noncentrosymmetric semiconductors $\mathrm{BiTe}X\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}(X=\text{Cl},\text{Br},\text{I})$ show large Rashba-type spin-orbit splittings in their electronic structure making them candidate materials for spin-based electronics. However, BiTeI(0001) single-crystal surfaces usually consist of stacking-fault-induced domains of Te and I terminations implying a spatially inhomogeneous electronic structure. Here we combine scanning tunneling microscopy, photoelectron spectroscopy (ARPES, XPS), and density functional theory calculations to systematically investigate the structural and electronic properties of $\mathrm{BiTe}X(0001)$ surfaces. For $X=\text{Cl}$, Br we observe macroscopic single-terminated surfaces. We discuss chemical characteristics among the three materials in terms of bonding character, surface electronic structure, and surface morphology.
Experiments on obtaining Freon 134a gas hydrate were carried out by a method based on explosive boiling of a liquefied gas layer in the water volume during decompression.

It is shown that this method combines several factors leading to an intensification of the hydrate formation process, which leads to a rapid growth of gas hydrates.

The influence of the ratio of the initial mass of the gas to the initial mass of water in the vessel on the fraction of the gas hydrate in the resulting sample was studied experimentally.
The cross section of the process e+e−→π+π−π0 has been measured in the c.m. energy range 984–1060 MeV with the CMD-2 detector at the VEPP-2M collider. The obtained value of Br(ϕ→e+e−)Br(ϕ→π+π−π0)=(4.51±0.16±0.11)×10−5 is in good agreement with the previous measurements and has the best accuracy. Analysis of the Dalitz plot was performed. The contributions of the dominant ϕ→ρπ mechanism as well as of a small direct ϕ→3π amplitude were determined.
The work is devoted to substantiating the lithological interpretation of dielectric logging data in the Bazhenov Formation intervals, based on the frequency dispersion effect of bazhenites. Mathematical modeling shows the high sensitivity of the relative amplitude-phase characteristics to the frequency-dependent electrophysical characteristics of carbonate-siliceous-clay deposits in a high-frequency range. The results of the study indicate the fundamental possibility of dielectric logging data numerical inversion to highlight the main lithological types of the Bazhenov Formation rocks.
The article presents a clinical case study of an efficient therapy with infliximab used for a 33-year-old patient with a severe course of psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, psoriatic onychopathy; chronic hepatitis C with the minimum activity, replication phase; hyper- and normatrophic scars affecting 40% of the body surface; cicatricial contractures; complicated posterior polar cataract of both eyes; secondary amyloidosis of the kidneys with a nephrotic syndrome.

It also demonstrates the significance of the anti-cytokine therapy as a method of choice in a complicated clinical situation.

It also demonstrates the significance of the anti-cytokine therapy as a method of choice in a complicated clinical situation.
In this review, we provide an illustration of the idea discussed in the literature of using model compounds to study the effect of substitution of L- for D-amino acid residues in amyloid peptides. The need for modeling is due to the inability to study highly disordered peptides by traditional methods (high-field NMR, X-ray). At the same time, the appearance of such peptides, where L-amino acids are partially replaced by D-analogs is one of the main causes of Alzheimer’s disease. The review presents examples of the use diastereomers with L-/D-tryptophan in model process—photoinduced electron transfer (ET) for studying differences in reactivity and structure of systems with L- and D-optical isomers. The combined application of spin effects, including those calculated using the original theory, fluorescence techniques and molecular modeling has demonstrated a real difference in the structure and efficiency of ET in diastereomers with L-/D-tryptophan residues. In addition, the review compared the factors governing chiral inversion in model metallopeptides and Aβ42 amyloid.
Mitochondrial aberrations are observed in human Alzheimerâs disease (AD) and in medical conditions that increase the risk of this disorder, suggesting that mitochondrial dysfunction may contribute to pathophysiology of AD. Here, using OXYS rats that simulate key characteristics of sporadic AD, we set out to determine the role of mitochondria in the pathophysiology of this disorder. OXYS rats were treated with a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1 from age 12 to 18 months, that is, during active progression of AD-like pathology in these animals. Dietary supplementation with SkQ1 caused this compound to accumulate in various brain regions, and it was localized mostly to neuronal mitochondria. Via improvement of structural and functional state of mitochondria, treatment with SkQ1 alleviated the structural neurodegenerative alterations, prevented the neuronal loss and synaptic damage, increased the levels of synaptic proteins, enhanced neurotrophic supply, and decreased amyloid-Î²1-42 protein levels and tau hyperphosphorylation in the hippocampus of OXYS rats, resulting in improvement of the learning ability and memory. Collectively, these data support that mitochondrial dysfunction may play a key role in the pathophysiology of AD and that therapies with target mitochondria are potent to normalize a wide range of cellular signaling processes and therefore slow the progression of AD.
Significance The behavior of domesticated animals differs dramatically from that of wild relatives, and the Russian tame fox experiment demonstrated clearly that these changes can occur in just a few generations of selection. Analysis of gene expression in the brains of tame and aggressive foxes from this experiment allows us to ask what brain pathways have been altered by this recent, strong selection. Pathways that impact the function of both serotonergic and glutaminergic neurons were clearly modulated by selection, consistent with the roles of these neurons in learning and memory. Both allele frequency and gene expression changes also implicate genes important in neural crest cell function, supporting a possible role of neural crest cells in the domestication syndrome.
One of the current problems at the interface between neuroscience, biophysics, and computational modeling is the reverse-engineering and reproduction of Caenorhabditis elegans using computer simulation.

The aim of our research was to develop the computational models and techniques for solving this problem while participating in the international open science OpenWorm Project. We have suggested models of a typical C. elegans neuron and a pharyngeal muscle cell, which were constructed and optimized using the NEURON simulation environment. The available experimental data about EGL-19 and EXP-2 ion channels allowed the model of a muscle to reproduce the action potential time profile correctly. Also, the model of a neuron reproduces quite accurately the mechanism of neural signal transmission based on passive propagation.

We believe our models to be promising for better representing the specifics of various nervous and muscular cell classes when adding the corresponding ion channel models. Moreover, they can be used to construct the networks of such elements.
A problem of parameter identification for a model of finite strain elasto-plasticity is discussed. The utilized phenomenological material model accounts for nonlinear isotropic and kinematic hardening; the model kinematics is described by a nested multiplicative split of the deformation gradient.

A hierarchy of optimization problems is considered. First, following the standard procedure, the material parameters are identified through minimization of a certain least square error functional. Next, the focus is placed on finding optimal weighting coefficients which enter the error functional. Toward that end, a stochastic noise with systematic and non-systematic components is introduced to the available measurement results; a superordinate optimization problem seeks to minimize the sensitivity of the resulting material parameters to the introduced noise.

The advantage of this approach is that no additional experiments are required; it also provides an insight into the robustness of the identification procedure. As an example, experimental data for the steel 42CrMo4 are considered and a set of weighting coefficients is found, which is optimal in a certain class.
The interest in nucleoporins originates from their identification as constituents of nuclear pores. The latter are visible as prominent annuli in the electron microscope (Callan et al., 1949). Comprehensive studies carried out in the 1950s led to these general conclusions: i) all nuclear envelope (NE) have pores, and ii) irrespective of species or cell type, the pore complexes show similarities in shape and size.

A breakthrough for these ideas was achieved by the combination of microinjection techniques with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In 1962, Feldherr injected contrasting permeants into the cytoplasm of amebas and observed their path through pores using TEM.

This very much supported the hypotheses suggesting that these pores might act as transport channels between the nucleus and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. Together with the observation of giant polycystronic messengers in transit through nuclear pores (Stevens and Swift, 1966), these experiments determined the direction of further study in the context of nucleocytoplasmic transport.
For the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in the 3D half space, we show the existence of forward self-similar solutions for arbitrarily large self-similar initial data.
The regularities of changes in the stress-strain state of coal in rock mass depending on the main mining geological and engineering factors are identified. Using these factors, it is possible to find the optimal support parameters in specific conditions to increase the stability of preparatory mine workings. The degree of influence of mining and engineering conditions of exploitation on displacements in marginal rocks with various types of support in excavation workings is investigated.
Diagnostic monitoring of groups of healthy patients and patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) at various stages of the development of the disease was carried out using Raman spectroscopy (CRS) and measuring the state of polarized light in the vicinity of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) observation conditions.

For the diagnosis, the reaction of serum antigens with antibodies to serum M2-pyruvate kinase (M2-PK) was used near the observation conditions of SPR, for which we used the Ellips-SPEC spectral ellipsometric complex created in the Institute of Semiconductor Physics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ISP SB RAS). The complex has high sensitivity, accuracy and non-destructive impact on the sample under study.

The intensities of the peaks at 1005, 1157 and 1520 cm-1 in the CRS spectra of CRC patients as compared with healthy individuals as well as the intensity of the equilibrium plasmon signal were significantly lower, correlating with the stage of the disease and the presence of metastases. It allows us to consider these optical methods as a promising diagnostic approaches in the diagnosis of CRC, including in the early stages of the disease.
This paper is devoted to an experimental study of the dynamics of the nucleate boiling in a droplet of aqueous solution of LiBr salt.

As the concentration of LiBr salt increases, the growth rate of the bubbles decreases and the boiling completely stops when a high salt concentration is reached. An increase in the concentration of salt in the liquid layer of the bottom of the bubble leads to a decrease in the rate of increase in the diameter of the bubble, and a dry spot is not formed. The growth rate of a bubble (v) in a water droplet is somewhat higher than one for a salt solution for t > 0.2-0.3 s. The difference of v for the salt solution from curve 3 increases sharply when t < 0.1 s.

For the first time, four regimes of the nucleate boiling in LiBr solution droplet were detected.
A study of the production of Mueller-Navelet jets at 13 TeV LHC is presented, including BFKL resummation effects and investigating three different variants of the BLM scale optimization method.

It is shown how the cross section and the azimuthal observables are affected by the exclusion of the events where, for a given rapidity interval between the two jets, one of these is produced in the central region.
Contrary to previous reports, a strong increase of E was feasible due to the improved growth conditions of pristine carbon nanotubes and to the improved heat treatment conditions.

The Young's modulus of MWNTs of different diameters was measured by the deflection of a single tube suspended across the hole of silicon nitride membrane and loaded by an atomic force microscope tip. The post heat-treatment at 2200–2800ºC in a controlled atmosphere results in a considerable improvement of the microstructure, chemical stability and electro-physical properties of the nanotubes.

We report on the increase of the Young's modulus (E) of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) grown multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) upon high temperature heat treatment. However, the elastic modulus of CVD grown MWNTs still shows strong diameter dependence resulting from the remaining structural inhomogeneities in large diameter nanotubes.
The analysis of gene regulatory networks has become one of the most challenging problems of the postgenomic era. Earlier we developed rSNP_Guide ( http://util.bionet.nsc.ru/databases/rsnp.html ), a computer system and database devoted to prediction of transcription factor (TF) binding sites (TF sites), which can be responsible for disease phenotypes. The prediction results were confirmed by 70 known relationships between TF sites and diseases, as well as by site-directed mutagenesis data. The rSNP_Guide is being investigated as a tool for TF site annotation. Previously analyzed and characterized cases of altered TF sites were used to annotate potential sites of the same type and at the same location in homologous genes. Based on 20 TF sites with known alterations in TF binding to DNA, we localized 245 potential TF sites in homologous genes. For these potential TF sites, rSNP_Guide estimates TF–DNA interaction according to three categories: ‘present’, ‘weak’, and ‘absent’. The significance of each assignment is statistically measured.
The method is demonstrated in the case of already known vertices of both gluon-gluon and quark-quark transitions in the scattering of gluons and quarks on the Reggeized gluon.

The method of calculating the effective vertices of the interaction of the Reggeized gluon and quark with particles in QCD in next-to-leading order is developed.

It is used for the calculation of the gluon-quark transition in the scattering on the Reggeized quark.
The expression of cytokine receptors has a crucial role in many cellular processes. Recent studies reported that changes of receptor expression could control the action of mediators on target cells. The initiation of different signaling pathways and, therefore, specific effects on cells, depends on certain components forming the cytokine-receptor complex. These mechanisms control the immune response and affect both the course of diseases (oncological, autoimmune, inflammatory) and the effectiveness of therapy. This review describes the potential of immune mediator receptors to regulate the efficiency of cytokine activity during pathologic processes and ensure the variability of their biological effects. Our aim was to investigate the spectrum of potential roles of changes in mediator receptor expression for main classes of pathologies. For all major types of immune mediators (cytokines, interleukins, chemokines, growth factors, and tumor necrosis factors), it has been shown that changes in their receptor expression are associated with impaired functioning of the organism in chronic diseases.
In the present paper, a composite structure is considered. The structure is made of three homogeneous plates: two linear elastic adherents and a thin adhesive.

It is assumed that elastic properties of the adhesive layer depend on its thickness ε as ε to the power of 3. Passage to the limit as ε goes to zero is justified and a limit model is found in which the influence of the thin adhesive layer is replaced by an interface condition between adherents.

As a result, we have analog of the spring type condition in the plate theory. Moreover, a representation formula of the solution in the adhesive layer has been obtained.
A new scheme for accelerating positively charged particles in a plasma-wakefield accelerator is proposed.

If the proton drive beam propagates in a hollow plasma channel, and the beam radius is of order of the channel width, the space charge force of the driver causes charge separation at the channel wall, which helps to focus the positively charged witness bunch propagating along the beam axis. In the channel, the acceleration buckets for positively charged particles are much larger than in the blowout regime of the uniform plasma, and stable acceleration over long distances is possible. In addition, phasing of the witness with respect to the wave can be tuned by changing the radius of the channel to ensure the acceleration is optimal.

Two-dimensional simulations suggest that, for proton drivers likely available in future, positively charged particles can be stably accelerated over 1 km with the average acceleration gradient of $1.3\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}/\mathrm{m}$.