Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
The outbreaks of infectious diseases caused by natural factors or bioterrorism acts are, unfortunately, quite real threats for the overall population.Planning of an efficient response to an outbreak of an infectious disease requires coordinated efforts of various services aimed to most efficiently utilize the limited resources.This paper describes a model that optimizes utilization of resources when preparing to counter the bioterrorism threats or responding to epidemics caused by epidemiologically dangerous or socially significant pathogens.The model computes the volume of limited resources as well as the particular control activities (isolation, ring vaccination, or mass vaccination) necessary to minimize the optimization criterion, comprising the total number of infected persons, number of lethal cases, and several other characteristics.The model is available remotely via WEB-interface at http://vector-epimod.ru.
A fully non-linear problem on unsteady water waves generated by an impulsively moving obstacle is studied analytically.

Our method involves reduction of the Euler equations to the integral-differential system for the wave elevation together with normal and tangential fluid velocities at a free surface. Exact model equations are derived in explicit form in a case where an isolated obstacle is presented by a totally submerged elliptic cylinder. A small-time asymptotic solution is constructed for a cylinder which starts with constant acceleration from rest.

It is demonstrated that the leading-order solution terms describe several wave regimes such as the formation of non-stationary splash jets by vertical rising or vertical submersion of the obstacle; the generation of diverging waves is also observed.
Anthocyanins and melanins are phenolic pigments of plants and accumulate in seed envelopes of the barley grain, thereby giving them a blue, purple, or black color. To explore the effects of combined accumulation of anthocyanins and melanins in the grain, a barley near-isogenic line (NIL), characterized by simultaneous accumulation in both pigments, was developed using a marker-assisted approach. The presence of both pigments in the grain pericarp was evaluated by light microscopy. Emergence of anthocyanin pigmentation proved to be temporally separated from that of melanin, and the formation of anthocyanin pigments began at an earlier stage of spike maturation. During spike maturation, a significantly higher total anthocyanin content was noted in the created NIL than in the parental anthocyanin-accumulating NIL, indicating a positive influence of the Blp1 gene on the anthocyanin content at some developmental stages. In a comparative analysis of yield components, it was found that the observed differences between the barley NILs are possibly caused by environmental factors, and the presence of pigments does not decrease plant productivity. Our results should facilitate investigation into genetic mechanisms underlying overlaps in the biosynthesis of pigments and into breeding strategies aimed at the enrichment of barley varieties with polyphenols.
Electronic fluids bring into hydrodynamics a new setting: equipotential flow sources embedded inside the fluid.

Here we show that the nonlocal relation between the current and electric field due to momentum-conserving interparticle collisions leads to a total or partial field expulsion from such flows. That results in freely flowing currents in the bulk and a boundary jump in the electric potential at current-injecting electrodes. We derive a new type of boundary conditions, appropriate for the case.

We then analyze current distribution in free flows, discuss how the field expulsion depends upon the geometry of the electrode, and link the phenomenon to the breakdown of conformal invariance.
In the case of q = p = n, θ ≡ 1, we obtain the well known mappings with bounded distortion.

We define a scale of mappings that depends on two real parameters p and q, and a weight function θ. Mappings of a two-index scale inherit many properties of mappings with bounded distortion.

They are used for solving a few problems of global analysis and applied problems.
Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) embraces a family of methods to increase signal intensities in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Despite extensive theoretical work that allows one to distinguish at least five distinct mechanisms, it remains challenging to determine the relative weights of the processes that are responsible for DNP in state-of-the-art experiments operating with stable organic radicals like nitroxides at high magnetic fields and low temperatures. Specifically, determining experimental conditions where DNP involves thermal mixing, which denotes a spontaneous heat exchange between different spin reservoirs, remains challenging. We propose an experimental approach to ascertain the prevalence of the thermal mixing regime by monitoring characteristic signature properties of the time evolution of the hyperpolarization. We find that thermal mixing is the dominant DNP mechanism at high nitroxide radical concentrations, while a mixture of different mechanisms prevails at lower concentrations.
Despite the existing advances in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer (BC), the search for markers associated with the clinicopathological features of BC is still in demand. MiRNAs (miRs) have potential as markers, since a change in the miRNA expression profile accompanies the initiation and progression of malignant diseases. The receptors for estrogen, androgen, and progesterone (ER, AR, and PR) play an important role in breast carcinogenesis.

Therefore, to search for miRNAs that may function as markers in BC, using bioinformatic analysis and the literature data, we selected 13 miRNAs whose promoter regions contain binding sites for ER or AR, or putative binding sites for ER, AR, and PR. We quantified their expression in MCF-7 cells treated with estradiol, progesterone, or testosterone. The levels of miRNAs sensitive to one or more of these hormones were quantified in BC samples (n = 196).

We discovered that high expression levels of miR-190b in breast tumor tissue indicate a positive ER status, and miR-423 and miR-200b levels differ between patients with and without HER2 amplification. The miR-193b, -423, -190a, -324, and -200b levels were associated with tumor size or lymph node status in BC patients, but the presence of these associations depended on the status and expression level of ER, PR, HER2, and Ki-67. We also found that miR-21 expression depends on HER2 expression in ER- and/or PR-positive BC. The levels of miRNA were significantly different between HER2 0 and HER2 1+ tumors (p = 0.027), and between HER2 0 and HER2 2+, 3+ tumors (p = 0.005).
The crystal structure of the mineral uytenbogaardtite, a rare silver-gold sulfide, was solved using intensity data collected for a crystal from the type locality, the Comstock lode, Storey County, Nevada (USA). The study revealed that the structure is trigonal, space group R3̄c, with cell parameters a = 13.6952(5), c = 17.0912(8) Å and V = 2776.1(2) Å 3 . The refinement of an anisotropic model led to an R index of 0.0140 for 1099 independent reflections. The structure consists of a sub-lattice of sulfur atoms forming a distorted body-centred cubic arrangement. The structure contains distinct tri-atomic linear groups (S–Au–S) and Ag atoms bonded to four S atoms (from four different linear groups) in a distorted tetrahedral arrangement.

By use of high-quality single-crystal diffraction data, the symmetry of the mineral was found to be trigonal, and not tetragonal as erroneously supposed.

On the basis of information gained from this characterization, uytenbogaardtite is here definitively proved to be structurally different from petzite, Ag 3 AuTe 2 and fischesserite, Ag 3 AuSe 2 . A revaluation of the powder diffraction data listed in the scientific literature for uytenbogaardtite according to the structural results obtained here leads to an excellent agreement. Crystal-chemical features of uytenbogaardtite, Au2S, petrovskaite AgAuS, uytenbogaardtite–fischesserite series Ag3Au(S 2–x Se x ) and acanthite–naummanite series Ag 2 (S 1–x Se x ) are compared.
The paper elicits the questions concerning the borderlines of pragmatics, and analyzes some ways of resolving these questions. Contemporary pragmatics seems to be a distinct area of investigation, bringing together different, often conflicting theories and putting them under the same name; this makes it difficult to develop pragmatics on the whole, as an integral part of linguistics. Presumably, the cause of it lies in an unreasonably high degree of abstractness that is characteristic of the investigative area outlined by the founders of semiotics, primarily by Charles Pierce and Charles Morris. The paper suggests that pragmatics is one unified field, and the branches within it – as having stemmed from different strategies applied to specify the under-defined field. Each step of the way was began with conceiving some theoretical opacity, followed by posing the corresponding question, searching for an answer, and reaching the most appropriate solution. Since pragmatic phenomena are rather complicated, the process of further specification seems to be step-like. It presumably starts with primary questions about the borderlines, and then passes over to more specific notions and theories. This means that considering the borderlines of pragmatics is inseparable from considering its scope; one cannot speak about the former without taking into account the latter because every scientific borderline is inevitably drawn along some conceptual traces of previous research. Therefore, the question about the scope is also important, but only as far as it is substantial for discussing the borderlines. No doubt, the scope of pragmatics needs a more detailed analysis; so, it is necessary to study the links between different research areas in pragmatics.
In this paper the problem of modeling the acoustic radiation pattern of source is considered. The problem is formulated in the form of control problem for the 2D first-order system of hyperbolic equations. This problem is related to ultrasound tomography for early breast cancer detection. The modelling of the acoustic radiation patterns of sources allows us to improve the resolution of acoustic tomography.
Cycle sets are known to give non-degenerate unitary solutions of the Yang--Baxter equation and linear cycle sets are enriched versions of these algebraic systems. The paper explores the recently developed cohomology and extension theory for linear cycle sets. We derive a four term exact sequence relating 1-cocycles, second cohomology and certain groups of automorphisms arising from central extensions of linear cycle sets. This is an analogue of a similar exact sequence for group extensions known due to Wells. We also compare the exact sequence for linear cycle sets with that for their underlying abelian groups and discuss generalities on dynamical 2-cocycles.
To increase the sensitivity and specificity of the developed methods for diagnosis of oncological diseases using exosomes of blood, a stage of pre-selection of tumor exosomes from a common pool of circulating microvesicles is required. In the present work, universal proteins have been identified, their expression has been increased in the exosomes of patients with colorectal cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinomas, and lung cancer. The use of antibodies against major exosomal proteins will further develop a simple and high-performance method of affinity isolation of tumor exosomes.Dlia uvelicheniia chuvstvitel'nosti i spetsifichnosti razrabatyvaemykh metodov diagnostiki onkologicheskikh zabolevaniĭ s ispol'zovaniem ékzosom krovi neobkhodim étap pre-selektsii opukholevykh ékzosom iz obshchego pula tsirkuliruiushchikh v krovi mikrovezikul. V predstavlennoĭ rabote vyiavleny universal'nye belki, ékspressiia kotorykh povyshena v sostave ékzosom krovi bol'nykh kolorektal'nym rakom, ploskokletochnymi kartsinomami golovy i shei i rakom legkogo. Ispol'zovanie antitel protiv mazhornykh universal'nykh belkov ékzosom pozvolit v dal'neĭshem razrabotat' prostoĭ i vysokoproizvoditel'nyĭ metod affinnogo vydeleniia opukholevykh ékzosom.
In this Special Issue of BMC Genomics we present the studies on computational genomics discussed at BGRS\SB-2018 (Bioinformatics of Genome Regulation and Structure\Systems Biology) multi-conference
The influence of 1% aerosol of the water solution of potassium ferrocyanide K4[Fe(CN)6] on the flame speed of stoichoimetric methane- air flame, stabilized over the Mache-Hebra burner, has been studied experimentally and by computer simulation. The flame speed was measured at atmospheric pressure and the temperature 93 °C. Addition of the aerosol of the water solution of potassium ferrocyanide results in significantly greater reduction of the flame speed of stoichiometric methane-air flame, compared to aerosol addition without the salt. Modeling the flame speed with the mechanism GRI-Mech 3.0 shows this effect to be caused by the presence of potassium atoms in the composition of this salt. The results obtained account for effectiveness of applying fine aerosol of the water solution of K4[Fe(CN)6] in extinguishing fires.
The use of some assisted reproductive technologies, in particular, embryo transfer, may cause various physiological and behavioral changes in the offspring.

The purpose of our study was to study the effects of surgery (which is used for embryo transfer) done with pregnant dams on the weight, blood pressure and behavior in the open field and elevated plus­maze tests in adult offspring. Thus, long­term effects on the offspring after maternal exposure to surgical stress given to dams at the 4th day of pregnancy were studied in OXYS rats. OXYS females were mated in estrus with fertile males of the same strain. 96 hours after spermatozoa were found in vaginal smears the surgery (sham operation, imitating embryo transfer) was performed. Body weight (BW), systolic (SAP) and diastolic (DAP) arterial pressure as well as behavior in open field (OF) and elevated plus maze (EPM) tests were studied in the offspring of females exposed to surgical treatment during pregnancy (OXYS­PS) at the age of 3 mo. Untreated offspring of OXYS rats were used as controls.

BW in naturally born OXYS rats did not differ from those of the OXYS­PS group. OXYS and OXYS­PS rats exhibited higher SAP (more than 150 mm Hg) and DAP; it is noteworthy that both SAP and DAP were higher in the OXYS­PS group than in the control group. The time spent in the center of arena, the area studied, the time and number of rearing were decreased in OXYS­PS rats in the OF test as compared to the OXYS controls. Moreover, OXYS­PS rats were characterized by the absence of grooming in the OF test. As was demonstrated by the EPM test, the duration and numbers of peeking out from closed arms were decreased in the OXYS­PS rats as compared to the OXYS controls. Thus, OXYS dams’ exposure to surgical stress at their early pregnancy led to such effects in the offspring as elevated SAP and DAP, decreased overall activity and increased anxiety.
The acousto-optic (AO) diffraction of terahertz (THz) radiation in liquefied sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) was investigated in various temperature regimes. It was found that with the increase in the temperature from +10 to +23 °C, the efficiency of the AO diffraction became one order higher at the same amplitude of the driving electrical signal. At the same time, the efficiency of the AO diffraction per 1 W of the sound power as well as the angular bandwidth of the efficient AO interaction were temperature independent within the measurement error. Increase of the resonant sound frequency with decreasing temperature and strong narrowing of the sound frequency bandwidth of the efficient AO interaction were detected.
Liquid phase pentanol condensation in solutions of nonpolar hydrocarbons as well as in solventfree conditions was studied in the presence of platinum group metals (platinum, palladium, iridium, ruthenium, and rhodium) supported on mesoporous carbon support Sibunit as well as on metal oxidesalumina, zirconia and ceria.This reaction was carried out in a batch mode in the temperature range 140-200 °C, under nitrogen pressure 1 -10 bar in the presence of catalysts and a base -NaOH.It was shown that pentanol condensation mainly resulted in formation of the target product 2-propylheptanol (Guerbet alcohol), whereas pentanal, 2-propyl-2-heptenal, 2-propyl-1-heptanal, 2-propyl-1-heptenol were observed in minor quantities.The effect of metals as catalysts and reaction conditions on pentanol conversion and selectivity to 2-propylheptanol was studied.The reaction temperature increase not only as expected accelerates the reaction rate but in addition improves selectivity to 2-propylheptanol. Conversion of pentanol increased in the rowIr/CeO 2 << Rh/Al 2 O 3 < Pd/ZrO 2 < Ru/C < Ir/C < Pd/C < Pt/C < Pt/Al 2 O 3 .Selectivity to 2-propylheptanol was elevated over metallic catalysts in the sequence Ir/CeO 2 << Ir/C < Ru/C < Rh/Al 2 O 3 ~ Pd/C ~ Pt/C ~ Pd/ZrO 2 ~ Pt/Al 2 O 3 being substantially influenced by temperature increase.The highest yield of 2-propylheptanol under comparable conditions was demonstrated for Pd/C, Pt/C и Pt/Al 2 O 3 catalysts.
Short nuclear regulatory RNAs play a key role in the main stages of maturation of the precursors of the major RNA species. Small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) form the core of the spliceosome and are responsible for the splicing of pre-mRNA molecules. Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) direct post-transcriptional modification of pre-rRNAs. A promising strategy for the development of non-coding RNA (ncRNAs) mimicking molecules is the introduction of modified nucleotides, which are normally present in natural ncRNAs, into the structure of synthetic RNAs. We have created a set of snoRNAs and snRNA analogs and studied the effect of base modifications, specifically, pseudouridine (Ψ) and 5-methylcytidine (m5C), on the immune-stimulating and cytotoxic properties of these RNAs. Here, we performed a whole-transcriptome study of the influence of synthetic snoRNA analogs with various modifications on gene expression in human cells. Moreover, we confirmed the role of PKR in the recognition of snoRNA and snRNA analogs using the short hairpin RNA (shRNA) technique. We believe that the data obtained will contribute to the understanding of the role of nucleotide modification in ncRNA functions, and can be useful for creating the agents for gene regulation based on the structure of natural snoRNAs and snRNAs.
Reconstruction of vascular net of small laboratory animals from MRI data is associated with some problems. Problem of vessels fragmentation occurs in the case when vessels are parallel to the scanning plane.

This paper proposes a method of MRI data processing which allows to eliminate the fragmentation of reconstructed vascular net. Our approach is based on multiple scanning, object under consideration is probed by several sets of parallel planes.

The algorithm is applied to real MRI data of small laboratory animals and shows good results.
Для анализа процессов, происходящих в многофазном потоке в скважине во время добычи углеводородов, были разработаны физические и численные модели. Представлено детальное описание системы уравнений, ее численной реализации, способов расчета свойств флюида и фазовых переходов в нем, а также замыкающих соотношений для расчета трения и теплообмена в двухфазном потоке. Реализованные модели позволяют моделировать как стационарное распределение параметров по стволу скважины во время добычи, так и нестационарные процессы, реализующиеся, например, при изменении частоты вращения вала насоса во время добычи нефти. Разработанные подходы были внедрены в программное средство DataFlow для анализа гидродинамики многофазных течений углеводородов с учетом теплообмена с породами, окружающими скважину, и фазовых переходов во флюиде. С использованием программного пакета были проведены тестовые расчеты, демонстрирующие работоспособность предложенных и реализованных моделей.
New measurement of the e + e − → nn ̅cross section based on the data set recorded in 2017 with the SND detector at the VEPP-2000 e + e − collider is presented.Inthe energyrangefromthe thresholdupto2GeVthe cross section is almost flat. Its average value is 0.5 nb. The polar angle distribution indicates dominanceof the magnetic formfactor GM .
Porous nitrogen-doped and nitrogen-free carbon materials possessing high specific surface areas (400–1000 m2 g−1) were used for deposition of Ni by impregnation with nickel acetate followed by reduction. The nitrogen-doped materials synthesized by decomposition of acetonitrile at 973, 1073, and 1173 K did not differ much in the total content of incorporated nitrogen (4–5 at%), but differed in the ratio of the chemical forms of nitrogen. An X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study showed that the rise in the synthesis temperature led to a strong growth of the content of graphitic nitrogen on the support accompanied by a reduction of the content of pyrrolic nitrogen. The content of pyridinic nitrogen did not change significantly. The prepared nickel catalysts supported on nitrogen-doped carbons showed by a factor of up to two higher conversion of formic acid as compared to that of the nickel catalyst supported on the nitrogen-free carbon. This was related to stabilization of Ni in the state of single Ni2+ cations or a few atoms clusters by the pyridinic nitrogen sites. The nitrogen-doped nickel catalysts possessed a high stability in the reaction at least within 5 h and a high selectivity to hydrogen (97%).
We show that a sufficient condition for the weak limit of a sequence of $W^1_q$-homeomorphisms with finite distortion to be almost everywhere injective for $q \geq n-1$, can be stated by means of composition operators. Applying this result, we study nonlinear elasticity problems with respect to these new classes of mappings. Furthermore, we impose loose growth conditions on the stored-energy function for the class of $W^1_n$-homeomorphisms with finite distortion and integrable inner as well as outer distortion coefficients.
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a noninvasive and nondestructive tool able to access several observable quantities in biofilms such as chemical composition, diffusion, and macroscale structure and transport. Pulsed gradient spin echo (PGSE) NMR techniques were used to measure spectrally resolved biomacromolecular diffusion in biofilm biomass, extending previous research on spectrally resolved diffusion in biofilms. The dominant free water signal was nulled using an inversion recovery modification of the traditional PGSE technique in which the signal from free water is minimized in order to view the spectra of components such as the rotationally mobile carbohydrates, DNA, and proteins. Diffusion data for the major constituents obtained from each of these spectral peaks demonstrate that the biomass of the biofilm contains both a fast and slow diffusion component. The dependence of diffusion on antimicrobial and environmental challenges suggests the polymer molecular dynamics measured by NMR are a sensitive indicator of biofilm function.
The dynamics of explosive vaporization of the 2-propanol/water and ethanol/ water mixtures on the multilayer thin-film resistor with the size of 100×110 m has been investigated. An original optical method based on measuring the laser intensity reflected from resistor surface was used. The characteristics of the initial stage of the explosive vaporization of two-component mixtures were obtained. The dependence of the temperature of explosive vaporization on the rate of temperature growth and the dependence of the boiling time on effective heat flux were defined.