Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
An orientation of a graph is semi-transitive if it is acyclic, and for any directed path v 0 → v 1 → • • • → v k either there is no arc between v 0 and v k , or v i → v j is an arc for all 0 ≤ i < j ≤ k.An undirected graph is semitransitive if it admits a semi-transitive orientation.Semi-transitive graphs generalize several important classes of graphs and they are precisely the class of word-representable graphs studied extensively in the literature.Determining if a triangle-free graph is semi-transitive is an NP-hard problem.The existence of non-semi-transitive triangle-free graphs was established via Erdős' theorem by Halldórsson and the authors in 2011.However, no explicit examples of such graphs were known until recent work of the first author and Saito who have shown computationally that a certain subgraph on 16 vertices of the triangle-free Kneser graph K(8, 3) is not semi-transitive, and have raised the question on the existence of smaller triangle-free nonsemi-transitive graphs.

In this paper we prove that the smallest trianglefree 4-chromatic graph on 11 vertices (the Grötzsch graph) and the smallest triangle-free 4-chromatic 4-regular graph on 12 vertices (the Chvátal graph) are not semi-transitive.We also prove the existence of semi-transitive 2 S. Kitaev and A.V. Pyatkin graphs of girth 4 with chromatic number 4 including a small one (the circulant graph C(13; 1, 5) on 13 vertices) and dense ones (Toft's graphs).Finally, we show that each 4-regular circulant graph (possibly containing triangles) is semi-transitive.

Hence, the Grötzsch graph is the smallest trianglefree non-semi-transitive graph.
The resonant substructure of B0s→¯D0K−π+ decays is studied using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb−1 of pp collision data recorded by the LHCb detector. An excess at m(¯D0K−)≈2.86 GeV/c2 is found to be an admixture of spin-1 and spin-3 resonances. Therefore, the D∗sJ(2860)− state previously observed in inclusive e+e−→¯D0K−X and pp→¯D0K−X processes consists of at least two particles. This is the first observation of a heavy flavored spin-3 resonance, and the first time that any spin-3 particle has been seen to be produced in B decays. The masses and widths of the new states and of the D∗s2(2573)− meson are measured, giving the most precise determinations to date.Received 30 July 2014DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.162001This article is available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.© 2014 CERN, for the LHCb collaboration
More than five decades have passed since the first single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiments at high pressure were performed. These studies were applied historically to geochemical processes occurring in the Earth and other planets, but high-pressure crystallography has spread across different fields of science including chemistry, physics, biology, materials science and pharmacy. With each passing year, high-pressure studies have become more precise and comprehensive because of the development of instrumentation and software, and the systems investigated have also become more complicated. Starting with crystals of simple minerals and inorganic compounds, the interests of researchers have shifted to complicated metal-organic frameworks, aperiodic crystals and quasicrystals, molecular crystals, and even proteins and viruses. Inspired by contributions to the microsymposium 'High-Pressure Crystallography of Periodic and Aperiodic Crystals' presented at the 23rd IUCr Congress and General Assembly, the authors have tried to summarize certain recent results of single-crystal studies of molecular and aperiodic structures under high pressure. While the selected contributions do not cover the whole spectrum of high-pressure research, they demonstrate the broad diversity of novel and fascinating results and may awaken the reader's interest in this topic.
In the Budker Institute, the CAT (Compact Axisymmtric Toroid) experiment is being prepared for obtaining a plasmoid with high diamagnetism in axially symmetric magnetic field. Reverse of magnetic field in the plasmoid is also possible in this experiment.

The experiment is based on injection of powerful focused neutral beams with extremely large neutral power density in the plasma. Two neutral beam injectors with the energy of hydrogen atoms of 15 keV will be used in the experiment. The neutral beam power of each injector is 2 MW, pulse duration is 5 ms. In the ion source of the injector, plasma emitter is produced by plasma jets from four arc plasma generators. Proton beam with current up to 170 A is formed by multi-slit three-electrode ion-optical system with ballistic focusing. Measured angular divergence of the formed beam along the slits is 10 mrad, divergence in the direction across the slits is 35 mrad. The injector is equipped with a neutralizer, bending magnet, residual ion dump, calorimeter, high speed pumping system with titanium arc evaporation.
For the generation of spin-polarized photocurrents in topological insulators, a coupling between photon angular momentum and electron spin is often assumed. Such a coupling seems to be supported by dichroism reported in $E({k}_{y})$-intensity maps in photoemission.

We show in three dimensional two-photon photoemission and one-step photoemission calculations that the circular dichroism is in fact threefold in $E({k}_{x},{k}_{y})$ maps although it may appear antisymmetric in $E({k}_{y})$.

The threefold symmetry is inconsistent with the previously assumed coupling between photon momentum and electron's chiral spin via the orbital momentum. Instead it reflects the surface point group. The only antisymmetric patterns appear in the energy range in which surface and bulk states hybridize. In general, a threefold-symmetric dichroic signal does not support unidirectional photocurrents. Nevertheless, the residual asymmetry of up to 3.5% in our photoemission spectra is compatible with previously observed helicity-dependent photocurrents.
Defect structure and morphology of CdS and (Cd,Mn)S nanocrystalline samples synthesized by hydrothermal synthesis at temperatures of 80, 100, 120, and 140° C were investigated.The full-profile analysis by the Rietveld method showed that the experimental X-ray diffraction patterns do not correspond to either the cubic structure of the sphalerite or the hexagonal structure of wurtzite, which are characteristic of well-crystalline CdS.In addition, Xray diffraction patterns are not fitted by scattering on a mixture of these two modifications.Simulation of X-ray diffraction patterns with use of Debye scattering equation [1] showed that CdS and (Cd,Mn)S nanoparticles contain high consentraition of stacking faults (SFs).Optimization of the structural models using the genetic algorithm showed that the probability of SFs (relative to the wurtzite structure) decreases for CdS from 0.55 to 0.46, and for (Cd,Mn)S from 0.47 to 0.36.Therefore, the structure of nanoparticles in both series gradually approaches the structure of wurtzite.It was also shown that at all synthesis temperatures the CdS and (Cd,Mn)S particles have an ellipsoidal shape, with the ellipsoids stretched along the direction perpendicular to the SFs.With an increase in the synthesis temperature, the average particle size increases.Ellipsoidal shape of particles was confirmed by TEM data.
This paper outlines the main approaches to the automation of the process of statistical analysis of the lower structural levels (meter, rhythm, phonetics, vocabulary, grammar) of poetic texts

the algorithms for complex analysis of poetic texts in the Kazakh language are presented in order to automate the process of creation of metric dictionaries and concordances

The results of this analysis will significantly expand the possibilities of the philologists who study both these levels of poetry and their semantic and pragmatic characteristics, and also will rid the philologists of routine work, will expand the range of analyzed works, by reducing the dependence of the quality of comparative analysis on the personal erudition of the researcher
Within the semi-empirical model of detonation of monodisperse suspensions of micro and nano-sized aluminum particles

two-dimensional flows in channels are studied by numerical simulations. The problems of the propagation of detonation in a plane channel and a channel with a section of linear expansion are considered. The influence of the particle size on the detonation regimes is analyzed.

Analysis of the formation of cellular detonation in a flat channel showed that the irregularity of cellular structures manifests itself in the nanometer range, which is due to an increase in the activation energy of the reduced reaction during the transition from diffusion to kinetic combustion of particles. In the expanding channel, the propagation of detonation is characterized by the formation of a system of transverse waves, the regularity of which is related both to the size of the particles and to the magnitude of the expansion angle. The maps of detonation modes are obtained depending on the parameters: the particle size, the expansion angle, and the width of the output channel.
We report the first evidence for isospin violation in $B\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{*}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ and the first measurement of the difference of $CP$ asymmetries between ${B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{*+}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ and ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{*0}\ensuremath{\gamma}$. This analysis is based on the data sample containing $772\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}B\overline{B}$ pairs that was collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB energy-asymmetric ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collider. We find evidence for the isospin violation with a significance of $3.1\ensuremath{\sigma}$, ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}}_{0+}=[+6.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.5(\text{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.6(\text{syst})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.2({f}_{+\ensuremath{-}}/{f}_{00})]%$, where the third uncertainty is due to the uncertainty on the fraction of ${B}^{+}{B}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ to ${B}^{0}{\overline{B}}^{0}$ production in $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}(4S)$ decays. The measured value is consistent with predictions of the standard model. The result for the difference of $CP$ asymmetries is $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{A}_{CP}=[+2.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.8(\text{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5(\text{syst})]%$, consistent with zero. The measured branching fractions and $CP$ asymmetries for charged and neutral $B$ meson decays are the most precise to date. We also calculate the ratio of branching fractions of ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{*0}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ to ${B}_{s}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\phi}\ensuremath{\gamma}$.
The use of metasurfaces operating in the terahertz regime as biosensor devices has attracted increased interest in recent years due to their enhanced sensitivity and more accurate detection capability. Typical designs are based on the replica of relatively simple unit cells, usually called metaatoms. In a previous paper, we proposed a new paradigm for ultrasensitive thin-film sensors based on complex unit cells, called generically metageometries or labyrinth metasurfaces.

Here, we extend this concept towards biosensing, evaluating the performance of the labyrinth as a fungi detector. The sensing capabilities are numerically evaluated and a comparison with previous works in this field is performed.

showing that metageometries improve the performance compared to metaatoms both in sensitivity and figure of merit, by a factor of more than four. In particular, we find that it is able to detect five fungi elements scattered on the unit cell, equivalent to a concentration of only 0.004/µm2.
Microelectronics already needs for heat removal more than 1 kW/cm 2. To assess the spray cooling capabilities to meet the growing requirements, a review of experimental studies is presented. Both the lack of progress in increasing the limit values of critical heat fluxes over the past 20-30 years and the fact that this technique is considered effective and promising are demonstrated. The 'modern' physical picture has been formed at the turn of the 21st century.

The review shows that the trend towards increasing the heat transfer coefficients is realized in the same way as in other promising cooling technologies. The paper refers to the studies in which the coolant film thickness was reduced by the authors, as well as those that presented correlations of the three-phase contact line dynamics with the values of the achieved heat flux.

A problem is formulated for the required detailed studies of highly dynamic processes in an ultra-thin liquid film at the micro level, aimed at the heat transfer enhancement.
Heterochromatin is identified as a potential factor driving diversification of species.

To understand the magnitude of heterochromatin variation within the Anopheles gambiae complex of malaria mosquitoes, we analyzed metaphase chromosomes in An. arabiensis, An. coluzzii, An. gambiae, An. merus, and An. quadriannulatus. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with ribosomal DNA (rDNA), a highly repetitive fraction of DNA, and heterochromatic Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) clones, we established the correspondence of pericentric heterochromatin between the metaphase and polytene X chromosomes of An. gambiae. We then developed chromosome idiograms and demonstrated that the X chromosomes exhibit qualitative differences in their pattern of heterochromatic bands and position of satellite DNA (satDNA) repeats among the sibling species with postzygotic isolation, An. arabiensis, An. merus, An. quadriannulatus, and An. coluzzii or An. gambiae.

The identified differences in the size and structure of the X chromosome heterochromatin point to a possible role of repetitive DNA in speciation of mosquitoes. We found that An. coluzzii and An. gambiae, incipient species with prezygotic isolation, share variations in the relative positions of the satDNA repeats and the proximal heterochromatin band on the X chromosomes. This previously unknown genetic polymorphism in malaria mosquitoes may be caused by a differential amplification of DNA repeats or an inversion in the sex chromosome heterochromatin.
Here, we report a simple and effective method to remove IrIMes homogeneous polarization transfer catalysts from solutions where NMR signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) has been performed, while leaving intact the substrate's hyperpolarized state.

Following microtesla SABRE hyperpolarization of 15N spins in metronidazole, addition of SiO2 microparticles functionalized with 3-mercaptopropyl or 2-mercaptoethyl ethyl sulfide moieties provides removal of the catalyst from solution well within the hyperpolarization decay time at 0.3 T (T1 > 3 min) and enabling transfer to 9.4 T for detection of enhanced 15N signals in the absence of catalyst within the NMR detection region. Successful catalyst removal from solution is supported by the inability to 'rehyperpolarize' 15N spins in subsequent attempts, as well as by 1H NMR and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.

Record-high 15N nuclear polarization of up to ∼34% was achieved, corresponding to >100 000-fold enhancement at 9.4 T (or >320,000-fold enhancement at 3.0 T), and approximately 5/6th of the 15N hyperpolarization is retained after ∼20 s long purification procedure. Taken together, these results help pave the way for future studies, involving in vivo molecular imaging using agents hyperpolarized via rapid and inexpensive parahydrogen-based methods.
We report on a search for heavy neutrinos in B-meson decays.

The results are obtained using a data sample that contains 772x10^6 BB-bar pairs collected at the Upsilon(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e+e- collider.

No signal is observed and upper limits are set on mixing of heavy neutrinos with left-handed neutrinos of the Standard Model in the mass range 0.5 - 5.0 GeV/c^2.
基于对KEKB不对称能量e+e-对撞机在Υ(2S)质心能量收集的24.7 fb⁻¹ e+e-碰撞的包容光子谱分析

使用Belle探测器在KEKB对撞机收集数据，分析e+e-碰撞产生的包容光子谱

测量到分支比B[Υ(2S)→γη_b(1S)]=(6.1^{+0.6+0.9}_{-0.7-0.6})×10⁻⁴，推导出η_b(1S)质量为9394.8^{+2.7+4.5}_{-3.1-2.7} MeV/c²，显著性超过7个标准差
The Bystrinsky Cu-Au-Fe porphyry-skarn and Shakhtama Mo ± Cu porphyry deposits in Eastern Transbaikalia, Russia, are spatially associated with a series of fertile and non-fertile calc-alkaline to shoshonitic I-type granitoid suites, ranging in composition from porphyritic monzonites and granodiorites to granodiorite- and granite-porphyries.

The obtained zircon U-Pb geochronological data reveal a narrow age interval of 1–3 Ma for the igneous suites within the Bystrinsky deposit (ca. 159–163 Ma), which is consistent with the short-magmatic activity at the Shakhtama deposit (ca. 164–161 Ma). Within both deposits, the fertile magmatic pulses comprise hybrid, high-silica and high- to moderate-magnesian, oxidized melts with relatively high magmatic water contents. These weakly fractionated melts represent the late-stage magmatic pulses of the Shakhtama Complex. By contrast, the barren magmatic pulses comprise a wide range of compositions, generally with lower magmatic water contents and oxidation states as well as significant plagioclase fractionation and crustal contamination. The Shakhtama Mo-related porphyries are more evolved when compared to the Bystrinsky Cu-Au intrusions reflecting significant crustal assimilation in addition to amphibole-plagioclase fractionation.

Both whole-rock geochemistry and zircon mineral chemistry from the Bystrinsky and Shakhtama deposits may be used as fertility indicators in target generation and regional mineral exploration in Eastern Transbaikalia. More specifically, we propose critical thresholds of whole-rock Sr/Y and 10,000*(Eu/Eu*)/Y ratios of > 65 and > 850, respectively, and zircon mineral Eu/Eu*, Ce/Ce* and Yb/Dy ratios of > 0.4, >750 and > 4, respectively. Additionally, we propose an alternative method to calculating the Ce anomalies of zircons using MS Excel-based software which is provided in the Supplementary data of this paper.
To investigate links between the attachment style and ability to detect facial emotions using a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigm in depressed patients.

Participants diagnosed with mild to moderate depression or dysthymia (19 patients) and healthy volunteers (20 individuals) were to identify one of eight basic emotions on 48 photos by choosing the appropriate answer from two options. Attachment was measured using the Experience in Close Relationships Scale. In addition, depression, alexithymia, and rumination were estimated as other possible correlates.

In the group of patients with depression, anxious attachment score had a negative correlation with the accuracy of angry facial expression detection (ρ = –0.65, p < 0.01) and a positive correlation with the accuracy of sad facial expression recognition (ρ = 0.48, p < 0.05). Patients with high total rumination (ρ = –0.48, p < 0.05) and depressive rumination (ρ = –0.53, p < 0.05) scores also detected angry facial expression less accurately. None of the mentioned links were present in healthy people, however, they demonstrated a correlation of the total number of portraits tagged as 'sad' with the brooding rumination score (ρ =0 .53, p < 0.05). Attachment disruptions in depressed patients may be related to aggravation of the deficit in the ability to detect emotions of others.
This work contains results of investigation of obtaining high thermally conductive ceramics from commercial powders of aluminum nitride and yttrium oxide by the method of monoaxial compaction of granulate. The principal scheme of preparation is proposed and technological properties of granulate are defined. Compaction conditions for simple items to use as heat removal in microelectronics and power electrical engineering have been established. Investigations of thermophysical properties of obtained ceramics and its structure by the XRD and SEM methods have been carried out. Ceramics with thermal conductivity from 172 to 174 W/m·K has been obtained as result of this work.
Novel nitrogen-doped carbon hybrid materials consisting of multiwalled nanotubes and porous graphitic layers have been produced by chemical vapor deposition over magnesium-oxide-supported metal catalysts.

CN x nanotubes were grown on Co/Mo, Ni/Mo, or Fe/Mo alloy nanoparticles, and MgO grains served as a template for the porous carbon. The simultaneous formation of morphologically different carbon structures was due to the slow activation of catalysts for the nanotube growth in a carbon-containing gas environment. An analysis of the obtained products by means of transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy methods revealed that the catalyst's composition influences the nanotube/porous carbon ratio and concentration of incorporated nitrogen. The hybrid materials were tested as electrodes in a 1M H 2 SO 4 electrolyte.

The best performance was found for a nitrogen-enriched material produced using the Fe/Mo catalyst. From the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy data, it was concluded that the nitrogen doping reduces the resistance at the carbon surface/electrolyte interface and the nanotubes permeating the porous carbon provide fast charge transport in the cell.
Several supported metal catalysts were synthesized, characterized, and tested in heterogeneous hydrogenation of propene with parahydrogen to maximize nuclear spin hyperpolarization of propane gas using parahydrogen induced polarization (PHIP). The Rh/TiO 2 catalyst with a metal particle size of 1.6 nm was found to be the most active and effective in the pairwise hydrogen addition and robust, demonstrating reproducible results with multiple hydrogenation experiments and stability for ≥1.5 years. 3D 1 H magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of 1 % hyperpolarized flowing gas with microscale spatial resolution (625×625×625 μm 3 ) and large imaging matrix (128×128×32) was demonstrated by using a preclinical 4.7 T scanner and 17.4 s imaging scan time.
A methodology to measure Near Infrared (NIR) scintillations in gaseous and liquid Ar, using Geiger-mode APDs (GAPDs) sensitive in the NIR and pulsed X-ray irradiation, is described. This study has been triggered by the development of Cryogenic Avalanche Detectors (CRADs) with optical readout in the NIR using combined THGEM/GAPD multiplier, which may come to be in demand in coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering and dark matter search experiments. A new approach to measure the NIR scintillation yield at cryogenic temperatures has been developed, namely using GAPDs in single photoelectron counting mode with time resolution. The time structure of NIR scintillations and their light yield were measured both for primary scintillations and that of secondary at moderate electric fields (electroluminescence), in gaseous and liquid Ar.
The fluorescence polarization of acridine orange-stained, oriented lambda phages was measured. The parameters of DNA packing within the phage head cos2 theta and cos4 theta were calculated (theta, angle between the direction of a small segment of DNA and the phage axis). It is shown that simple models of lambda phage DNA tertiary structure are not consistent with calculated values. A new model is proposed.