Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
The Guillemin-Uribe trace formula is a semiclassical version of the Selberg trace formula and the more general Duistermaat-Guillemin formula for elliptic operators on compact manifolds, which reflects the dynamics of magnetic geodesic flows in terms of eigenvalues of a natural differential operator (the magnetic Laplacian) associated with the magnetic field.

In the present paper, we give a survey of basic notions and results related with the Guillemin-Uribe trace formula and provide concrete examples of its computation for two-dimensional constant curvature surfaces with constant magnetic fields and for the Katok example.
Arteriovenous malformation is a chaotic disordered interlacement of very small diameter vessels, performing reset of blood from the artery into the vein. In this regard it can be adequately modeled using porous medium. In this model process of embolization described as penetration of non-adhesive substance ONYX into the porous medium, filled with blood, both of these fluids are not mixed with each other. In one-dimensional approximation such processes are well described by Buckley-Leverett equation.

In this paper Buckley-Leverett equation is solved numerically by using a new modification of Cabaret scheme.

The results of numerical modeling process of embolization of AVM are shown.
This work is devoted to the numerical analysis of stabilization of the incompressible viscoelastic polymer fluid flow in the channel with elliptical cross-section. To describe the flow, mesoscopic rheological relations are used, and resolving non-stationary equations are derived. For solving them a special pseudo-spectral method is developed and implemented. As time increases, under certain conditions on the parameters of flow the solution to the non-stationary problem stabilizes and converges to the one of three branches of the solution to the corresponding stationary problem. It is shown that the variation of the parameters describing polymer microstructure leads to the switch of stabilized solution between these branches. The work provides the results of simulation of the flow stabilization and the analysis of the threshold values of parameters at which the switching occurs.
We define a new notion of group of virtual and welded links. We use two approaches for defining it: via representations of (generalized) braids by automorphisms of free groups and via Wirtinger-like labeling on virtual and welded diagrams. In the case of virtual links our invariant is stronger than the notion of fundamental group of a virtual link introduced by Kauffman. In the case of welded links our invariant coincides with Kauffman invariant, but using a generalization of Wada representations we provide new families of invariants of welded links.
Numerical research results of deciduous tree ignition by cloud-to-ground lightning discharge are presented. The problem is solved in one-dimensional statement in cylindrical system of coordinates. The typical range of influence parameters of positive and negative cloud-to-ground lightning discharges is considered. Ignition conditions for deciduous tree are established.
Isolated glycogen storage disease of the heart (PRKAG2 syndrome) is a form of glycogenosis, which is characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy, similar to the phenotype of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, associated with pre-excitation of the ventricles and conduction disorders. The disease is caused by mutations in the gene PRKAG2 encoding for the 5’Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK), specifically for its y2 regulatory subunit, inheritance — autosomal dominant. A review of the literature data and clinical observation of two patients from the same family with the mutation c905C>A (p.Arg302Gln) in the PRKAG2 gene associated with WPW syndrome and early development of conduction disorders requiring implantation of a pacemaker are presented. The issues of diagnosis and treatment strategy of the disease were discussed.
Free heme is a highly toxic molecule for a living organism and its detoxification is a very important process, especially for carnivorous animals.

Here we report the discovery of a previously unknown process for neutralizing free heme in the digestive tract of domestic cats. The cornerstone of this process is the encapsulation of heme into carbonated hydroxyapatite nanoparticles, followed by their excretion with faeces. In vitro experiments with heme-hydroxyapatite nanoparticles confirm the proposed scenario.

This way of heme neutralization resembles the formation of insoluble heme-containing particles in the digestive tracts of other hematophagous species (for example, the formation of insoluble hemozoin crystals in malaria-causing Plasmodium parasites). Our findings suggest that the encapsulation of heme molecules into a hydroxyapatite matrix occurs during the transition from the acidic gastric juice to the small intestine with neutral conditions. The formation of these particles and their efficiency to include heme depends on the bone content in a cat's diet.
The pharmaceutical 2:1 co-crystal of meloxicam [MXM; systematic name: 4-hydroxy-2-methyl- N -(5-methylthiazol-2-yl)-2 H -1,2-benzothiazine-3-carboxamide 1,1-dioxide] with acetylenedicarboxylic acid (ACA; systematic name: but-2-ynedioic acid), crystallizes with one MXM molecule and half an ACA molecule in the asymmetric unit, C 14 H 13 N 3 O 4 S 2 ·0.5C 4 H 2 O 4 . The mid-point of the triple bond of ACA is located on an inversion centre. In the crystal, the two stereoisomers of MXM with respect to the N atom of the sulfonamide group are related by the inversion centre.

The carbonyl and hydroxy groups belonging to the MXM molecule are involved in an intramolecular O—H...O hydrogen bond.

The structure-forming motif includes two MXM molecules linked via an ACA conformer through N—H...O and O—H...N hydrogen bonds, similar to MXM co-crystals with other dicarboxylic acids.
“Normal” for the gut microbiota For the benefit of future clinical studies, it is critical to establish what constitutes a “normal” gut microbiome, if it exists at all. Through fecal samples and questionnaires, Falony et al. and Zhernakova et al. targeted general populations in Belgium and the Netherlands, respectively. Gut microbiota composition correlated with a range of factors including diet, use of medication, red blood cell counts, fecal chromogranin A, and stool consistency. The data give some hints for possible biomarkers of normal gut communities. Science , this issue pp. 560 and 565
Experimental and numerical investigation of the interaction of supersonic jets is performed. The localization of jets is restricted by the walls of the semi-open channel.

The jets intersect at a single point. The values of pressures on the surface of the channel as well as the total pressure at the exit of the channel were obtained. The shadow photography is applied for registering the flow structure.

The strong influence of the prechamber pressure as well as the ratio of area of the inlet holes to the area of the channel output section on the formation of the flow structure is shown.
A set of algorithms and procedures of a crystal loop centering during X-ray high-throughput protein crystallography experiment has been designed and developed. A simple algorithm of the crystal loop detection and preliminary recognition has been designed and developed. The crystal loop detection algorithm is based on finding out the crystal loop ending point (opposite to the crystal loop pin) using image cross section (digital image column) profile analysis. The crystal loop preliminary recognition procedure is based on finding out the crystal loop sizes and position using image cross section profile analysis. The crystal loop fine recognition procedure based on Hooke-Jeeves pattern search method with an ellipse as a fitting pattern has been designed and developed. The procedure of restoring missing coordinate of the crystal loop is described. Based on developed algorithms and procedures the optimal auto-centering procedure has been designed and developed. A procedure of optimal manual crystal centering (Two Clicks Procedure) has been designed and developed. Developed procedures have been integrated into control software system PCCS installed at crystallography beamlines Photon Factory BL5A and PF-AR NW12, KEK.
Introduction. The literature showed a limited number of cases of facial pain caused by pathology at the level of the craniovertebral junction, however there is no a single case of pain caused by the migration of elements of the shunt systems. The objective is to describe a clinical case of successful surgical treatment of facial pain caused by the Torkildsen shunt migration. Clinical case. A female patient, 58 years old, applied to the clinic complaining of constant pain with a paroxysmal component in the left part of the face and back of the skull associated with head movements. Other complaints included a headache accompanied by nausea, numbness in the limbs, instability in vertical position, urinary incontinence, abnormal proprioceptive sensitivity in the limbs. Medical history showed that in 2000 the patient underwent Torkildsen procedure (ventriculo-cisternostomy) due to occlusive hydrocephalus after a neurological infection. In 2013, due to shunt dysfunction endoscopic third ventriculostomy was performed with a good clinical effect. Deterioration started in January of 2018. At hospitalization, tomography of the brain showed migration of the distal end of the shunt into spinal matter, syringobulbia at the C 1 vertebra level. No signs of neurovascular conflict of the trifacial nerves were observed. Removal of the ventriculo-cisternal shunt irritating the spinal nucleus of the trifacial nerve was performed. In the postoperative period, intensity of the paroxysmal component of facial pain decreased. At day 5 after surgery, the patient was discharged in a satisfactory state. For 1 year and 6 months after the surgery, facial pain has been absent. Manifestations of hydrocephalus and spinal disorder (numbness of the limbs, instability, urinary incontinence) persist, but due to the patient’s compensated state, negative result of the tap-test, signs of functional third ventriculostomy, it was decided to abstain from further interventions. Conclusion. This clinical case demonstrated successful treatment of facial pain developed due to a rare cause – migration of a Torkildsen shunt that currently is rarely encountered.
we propose several regular covers with identical sectors that observe the strip in the same direction, and we carried out their analysis

which allows choosing the best coverage model and the best parameters of the sector
The phenomenon of transposition induction by heavy heat shock (HHS) was studied. Males of a Drosophila isogenic line with a mutation in the major gene radius incompletus ( ri ) were treated by HHS (37 °C for 1 h followed by 4 °C for 1 h, with the cycle repeated three times) and crossed to untreated females of the same line.

The males were crossed 5 d after heat shock, and also 9 d after HHS. Many transpositions were seen in the F1 larvae by in situ hybridization.

The rate of induced transposition was at least 2 orders of magnitude greater than that of the control sample, and was estimated to be 0·11 events per transposable element copy per sperm. Two 'hot' subdivisions for transpositions, induced probably during the post-meiotic stage of spermiogenesis, were found: 43B and 97DE. Three-quarters of all transpositions were localized in these positions. In other sites the rates of induced transpositions were (1·3–3·2)×10 −2 events per occupied segment per sperm, 1 order of magnitude greater than those of the control.
In this paper we describe an approach to building low latency shared network storage based on multi-layered unification

and results of testing a prototype of this type of storage.
The APPL1 gene encodes a protein mediating the cross-talk between adiponectin and insulin signaling. Recently, it was found that APPL1 mutations can cause maturity onset diabetes of the young, type 14.

Here, an analysis of APPL1 was performed in patients with a maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) phenotype, and prevalence of these mutations was estimated in a Russian population, among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and MODY patients. Whole-exome sequencing or targeted sequencing was performed on 151 probands with a MODY phenotype, with subsequent association analysis of one of identified variants, rs11544593, in a white population of Western Siberia (276 control subjects and 169 T2DM patients).

Thirteen variants were found in APPL1, three of which (rs79282761, rs138485817, and rs11544593) are located in exons. There were no statistically significant differences in the frequencies of rs11544593 alleles and genotypes between T2DM patients and the general population. In the MODY group, AG rs11544593 genotype carriers were significantly more frequent (AG vs. AA + GG: odds ratio 1.83, confidence interval 1.15–2.90, p = 0.011) compared with the control group. An association of rs11544593 with blood glucose concentration was revealed in the MODY group. The genotyping data suggest that rs11544593 may contribute to carbohydrate metabolism disturbances.
A quantitative physical model, describing the piezoelectric electromechanical coupling in nanomechanical resonators with a two-dimensional electron gas, is developed.

Numerical calculations of the change in density of a two-dimensional electron gas contained in a vibrating cantilever are performed using the model and are shown to be consistent with the experiment.

The obtained data show that the vibration-induced electron density modulation is localized near the clamping point and that it is related to a rapid spatial change in the mechanical stress near this point. It is shown that details of the clamping geometry significantly affect the magnitude of the effect.
Using optical methods: ellipsometry, IR spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy, thin films obtained by centrifugation from blood sera of healthy people and patients with liver fibrosis of various stages (light and pronounced) were investigated. It is shown that the values of refractive index, shape of IR and Raman spectra of films of individuals of these groups are significantly different, which may be due to profound changes in the metabolism in the body with the development of pathology. This fact can significantly increase the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy index, as well as achieve real results in the diagnosis of not only pronounced stages of fibrosis, but also provides an opportunity to detect mild unexpressed fibrosis of a liver. This is promising in the screening minimally invasive determination of the stages of the disease in diffuse pathologies of the liver of various genesis.
The parameters of the model are taken from the experiments on the Beam of Electrons for materials Test Applications (BETA) stand. This stand was designed in the INP SB RAS.

We consider an extended dynamic model of tungsten vapor distribution when the surface of a tungsten sample is heated by an electronic beam pulse. The temperature in the sample is calculated from the two-phase Stefan problem. The temperature on the surface of the sample is taken as a boundary condition for the system of gas dynamics equations. A case of axial symmetry is considered. A parallel version of the algorithm, implemented using OpenMP technology, is presented.
Surface melting of tungsten under exposure to a pulsed electron beam was simulated numerically, the evaporation process taken into account. The calculation is based on the experimental time dependence of the total beam power. The model of the tungsten heating process is based on solving the two-phase Stefan problem. The position of the phase boundary depends on discontinuous time- and space-nonlinear coefficients and boundary conditions. The aim of the study is to provide a detailed resolution of the heat flow deep into the material with a fine spatial grid step. As compared with the size of the tungsten plate, the heating depth is very small. The problem statement under consideration is multiscale. Further expansion of the model involves taking into account microcracks. Micro-cracks occur during the cooling process after exposure and affect the temperature of the tungsten surface during the subsequent heating process. The article presents a modeling of cracks of different geometries typical for this process. The results of the calculations correlate with the experimental data obtained on the experimental test facility BETA at BINP SB RAS.
Catalepsy or pronounced freezing is a natural passive defense strategy in animals and a syndrome of some mental disorders in human. Hereditary catalepsy was shown to be associated with depressive‐like features in rats and mice.

The loci underlying the difference in predisposition to catalepsy between catalepsy‐prone CBA/lacJ and catalepsy‐resistant AKR/J mice were mapped using congenic line and selective breeding approaches. Three congenic mouse lines (AKR.CBA‐D13Mit76C, AKR.CBA‐D13Mit76A and AKR.CBA‐D13Mit78) carrying the 59‐ to 70‐, 61‐ to 70‐ and 71‐ to 75‐c m fragments of chromosome 13 transferred from the CBA to the AKR genome were created by nine successive backcrossing of (CBA × AKR)F 1 on AKR strain.

Because catalepsy was found only in the AKR.CBA‐D13Mit76C and AKR.CBA‐D13Mit76A mice, the major gene of catalepsy was mapped on the fragment of 61–70 c m . Selective breeding of the (CBA × (CBA × AKR))BC backcross generation for high predisposition to catalepsy showed numerous genome‐wide distributed CBA‐derived alleles as well as the AKR‐derived alleles mapped on chromosome 17 and on the proximal parts of chromosomes 10 and 19 that increased the cataleptogenic effect of the major gene.
Rapid growth of the variety and volume of information accumulated in the databases on regulation of gene expression necessarily requires the development of computer systems for automated discovery of the knowledge that can be further used for analysis of regulatory genomic sequences.

The GeneExpress system developed includes the following major informational and software modules: (1) Transcription Regulation (TRRD) module, which contains the databases on transcription regulatory regions of eukaryotic genes and TRRD Viewer for data visualization; (2) Site Activity Prediction (ACTIVITY), the module for analysis of functional site activity and its prediction; (3) Site Recognition module, which comprises (a) B-DNA-VIDEO system for detecting the conformational and physicochemical properties of DNA sites significant for their recognition, (b) Consensus and Weight Matrices (ConsFrec) and (c) Transcription Factor Binding Sites Recognition (TFBSR) systems for detecting conservative contextual regions of functional sites and their recognition; (4) Gene Networks (GeneNet), which contains an object-oriented database accumulating the data on gene networks and signal transduction pathways, and the Java-based Viewer for exploration and visualization of the GeneNet information; (5) mRNA Translation (Leader mRNA), designed to analyze structural and contextual properties of mRNA 5'-untranslated regions (5'-UTRs) and predict their translation efficiency; (6) other program modules designed to study the structure-function organization of regulatory genomic sequences and regulatory proteins.

The goal of the work was to develop a WWW-oriented computer system providing a maximal integration of informational and software resources on the regulation of gene expression and navigation through them. The GeneExpress system developed includes the following major informational and software modules... GeneExpress is available at http://wwwmgs.bionet.nsc. ru/systems/GeneExpress/ and the links to the mirror site(s) can be found at http://wwwmgs.bionet.nsc.ru/mgs/links/mirrors.html.
This paper discusses the processes of the educational travel of the Chinese students abroad. Based on data of the Ministry of Education of China, publications from the Chinese Internet, original articles published in the world periodicals, the reasons elucidated why the number of students leaving China changed from 2001 to 2018; describes funding sources of educational travel. Information on the contemporary preferences of Chinese students in selection of countries and study programs, aims and reasons of educational travel abroad is provided. The hard competition of the young persons after school on educational services market, expected job difficulties after graduation from national universities and influence of parents are pushing young Chinese people to consider studying abroad. Over the past 10 years, the number of Chinese citizens studying in foreign universities rates more than doubled and reached to 662.1 thousand in 2018. The aim of such migration is not only acquiring advanced western knowledge or improving foreign language skills but also getting the so-called symbolic capital, which arises after graduation from the famous foreign universities. This capital will bring tangible employment benefits and future career privileges in the Chinese companies. Therefore, currently the largest number of Chinese young people seek to become students in English speaking countries, where the concentration of the best world universities included in the top-100 of international rankings is high. The modern professional preferences of Chinese students correspond to the development trends of the China’s national economy and science, and depend on the future employment and opportunity to receive the scholarships from the Government of China.
Measurements of the double-differential pi+/- production cross-section in the range of momentum 100 MeV/c <= p <= 800 MeV/c and angle 0.35 rad <= theta <= 2.15 rad using pi+/- beams incident on beryllium, aluminium, carbon, copper, tin, tantalum and lead targets are presented. The data were taken with the large acceptance HARP detector in the T9 beam line of the CERN Proton Synchrotron. The secondary pions were produced by beams in a momentum range from 3 GeV/c to 12.9 GeV/c hitting a solid target with a thickness of 5% of a nuclear interaction length. The tracking and identification of the produced particles was performed using a small-radius cylindrical time projection chamber (TPC) placed inside a solenoidal magnet. Incident particles were identified by an elaborate system of beam detectors. Results are obtained for the double-differential cross-sections d2sigma/dpdtheta at six incident beam momenta. Data at 3 GeV/c, 5 GeV/c, 8 GeV/c, and 12 GeV/c are available for all targets while additional data at 8.9 GeV/c and 12.9 GeV/c were taken in positive particle beams on Be and Al targets, respectively. The measurements are compared with several generators of GEANT4 and the MARS Monte Carlo simulation.
As a model for chemical DNA repair, reduction of guanosyl radicals in the reaction with cysteine or the dipeptide cysteine-glycine has been studied by time-resolved chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (CIDNP). Radicals were generated photochemically by pulsed laser irradiation of a solution containing the photosensitizer 2,2'-dipyridyl, guanosine-5'-monophosphate, and the amino acid or peptide. In neutral and basic aqueous solution, the neutral guanosyl radical is formed via electron or hydrogen atom transfer to the triplet excited dye. The rate constants for reduction of guanosyl radical were determined by quantitative analysis of the CIDNP kinetics, which are sensitive to the rates of fast radical reactions. The rate constants vary from (1.0 ± 0.3) × 10(7) M(-1) s(-1) for the thiol form of cysteine to (1.6 ± 0.2) × 10(8) M(-1) s(-1) for the thiolate anion. These values are comparable with corresponding rate constants for reduction of neutral guanosyl radical by tyrosine.