Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
The Russian Arctic region is lacking in studies on geochemical changes reflecting early sediment diagenesis in lake environments.

The paper presents new data on the compositions of bottom sediments and sediment pore water from two lakes of the Norilo–Pyasinskaya water system in Arctic Siberia. Lakes Pyasino and Melkoye occupy basins left by glaciers that originated from the Putorana Plateau during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Clayey sediments were continuously deposited in the lakes, and the depositional environment has changed only slightly for the last ca. 20 ka. Two sediment cores with lengths of 4.0 and 3.2 m were collected in Lakes Pyasino and Melkoye, respectively, with a Livingstone-type piston corer providing undisturbed, stratigraphically consistent sedimentary sequences.

Their analyses revealed a change from oxidized to reduced conditions at a depth of ~10 cm. The concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, and K+, as well as the HCO3−/Ca2+ ratio in pore water, showed a depthward increase indicating the progressive degradation of organic matter. Another trend was the gradual decrease in SO42− alongside increasing HCO3−/SO42− caused by bacterial sulfate reduction, although this was rather weak, judging by the low concentrations of S (II) bound to Fe-sulfides, H2S, etc. Additionally, the microbial digestion of organic matter caused a release of its mobile components, which led to the enrichment of the water in NO3−, PO43−, and DOC. Most of the analyzed elements (Al, B, Ba, Co, Cu, Mo, Ni, Si, Sr, V, and Zn) reach higher concentrations in the pore water than in the lake water above the water-sediment boundary, which is evidence of diagenetic processes. As a result of redox change, immobile Fe (III) and Mn (IV) natural oxides were reduced to mobile Fe (II) and Mn (II) species and migrated from the solid phase to the pore water, and eventually precipitated as authigenic Fe sulfides and Mn carbonates. The results are useful for better understanding the early diagenesis processes in different geographical settings over the huge Eurasian continent.
Discovering precious metal‐free electrocatalysts exhibiting high activity and stability toward both the oxygen reduction (ORR) and the oxygen evolution (OER) reactions remains one of the main challenges for the development of reversible oxygen electrodes in rechargeable metal–air batteries and reversible electrolyzer/fuel cell systems. Herein, a highly active OER catalyst, Fe 0.3 Ni 0.7 O X supported on oxygen‐functionalized multi‐walled carbon nanotubes, is substantially activated into a bifunctional ORR/OER catalyst by means of additional incorporation of MnO X . The carbon nanotube‐supported trimetallic (Mn‐Ni‐Fe) oxide catalyst achieves remarkably low ORR and OER overpotentials with a low reversible ORR/OER overvoltage of only 0.73 V, as well as selective reduction of O 2 predominantly to OH − . It is shown by means of rotating disk electrode and rotating ring disk electrode voltammetry that the combination of earth‐abundant transition metal oxides leads to strong synergistic interactions modulating catalytic activity. The applicability of the prepared catalyst for reversible ORR/OER electrocatalysis is evaluated by means of a four‐electrode configuration cell assembly comprising an integrated two‐layer bifunctional ORR/OER electrode system with the individual layers dedicated for the ORR and the OER to prevent deactivation of the ORR activity as commonly observed in single‐layer bifunctional ORR/OER electrodes after OER polarization.
The processes of Van der Waals clusters formation in supersonic gas flows expanding into a rarefied medium are discussed in this report. The necessary conditions for cluster formation, methods for measuring the average size and size distribution of clusters in a rarefied gas flow are considered.

The problems associated with electron-beam ionization of clusters during mass spectrometry of clustered flows are analyzed. The process of intracluster energy exchange in mixtures, that leads to the possibility of inverse pumping of electronic levels of atoms, is illustrated. The problems arising during optical measurements of density in cluster flows are demonstrated.

The effect of large clusters formation on the shape and structure of supersonic flows is shown.
Electrocardiogram (ECG) measurements play a key role in the diagnosis and prediction of cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. ECG parameters, such as the PR, QRS, and QT intervals, are known to be heritable and genome-wide association studies of these phenotypes have been successful in identifying common variants; however, a large proportion of the genetic variability of these traits remains to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to discover loci potentially harboring rare variants utilizing variance component linkage analysis in 1547 individuals from a large family-based study, the Erasmus Rucphen Family Study (ERF). Linked regions were further explored using exome sequencing. Five suggestive linkage peaks were identified: two for QT interval (1q24, LOD = 2.63; 2q34, LOD = 2.05), one for QRS interval (1p35, LOD = 2.52) and two for PR interval (9p22, LOD = 2.20; 14q11, LOD = 2.29). Fine-mapping using exome sequence data identified a C > G missense variant (c.713C > G, p.Ser238Cys) in the FCRL2 gene associated with QT (rs74608430; P = 2.8 × 10-4, minor allele frequency = 0.019). Heritability analysis demonstrated that the SNP explained 2.42% of the trait's genetic variability in ERF (P = 0.02). Pathway analysis suggested that the gene is involved in cytosolic Ca2+ levels (P = 3.3 × 10-3) and AMPK stimulated fatty acid oxidation in muscle (P = 4.1 × 10-3). Look-ups in bioinformatics resources showed that expression of FCRL2 is associated with ARHGAP24 and SETBP1 expression. This finding was not replicated in the Rotterdam study. Combining the bioinformatics information with the association and linkage analyses, FCRL2 emerges as a strong candidate gene for QT interval.
The paper presents a two-dimensional model of elastic deformations. An isotropic medium region in near a crack propagating along the surface is considered. The results correlate well with an analytical solution.
Deep carbon and nitrogen cycles played a critical role in the evolution of the Earth. Here we report on successful studying of speciation in C-O-H-N systems with low nitrogen contents at 6.3 GPa and 1100 to 1400 °C. At fO2 near Fe-FeO (IW) equilibrium, the synthesised fluids contain more than thirty species. Among them, CH4, C2H6, C3H8 and C4H10 are main carbon species. All carbon species, except for C1-C4 alkanes and alcohols, occur in negligible amounts in the fluids generated in systems with low H2O, but С15-С18 alkanes are slightly higher and oxygenated hydrocarbons are more diverse at higher temperatures and H2O concentrations. At a higher oxygen fugacity of +2.5 Δlog fO2 (IW), the fluids almost lack methane and contain about 1 rel.% C2-C4 alkanes, as well as fractions of percent of C15-18 alkanes and notable contents of alcohols and carboxylic acids. Methanimine (CH3N) is inferred to be the main nitrogen species in N-poor reduced fluids. Therefore, the behaviour of CH3N may control the nitrogen cycle in N-poor peridotitic mantle. Oxidation of fluids strongly reduces the concentration of CH4 and bulk carbon. However, higher alkanes, alcohols, and carboxylic acids can resist oxidation and should remain stable in mantle hydrous magmas.
The exact solution is compared with available approximate solutions.

The fully kinetic, fully electromagnetic dispersion equation for a warm relativistic electron beam in a cold magnetized plasma is numerically solved with no simplifying assumptions made. For magnetic fields of various strengths, the growth rate maps for the beam-plasma instability are plotted and dominant modes are identified.

The latter are shown to misinterpret the effect of the magnetic field on the instability of oblique waves.
On the X chromosomes of the sheep, goat, Chinese muntjac, water deer, and roe deer, we have identified the regions which were homologous to the short arm of the cattle X chromosome by heterologous chromosome in situ suppression hybridization with the cattle X chromosome short arm specific DNA library probes generated by microdissection and TOPO-DOP-PCR amplification.

heterologous chromosome in situ suppression hybridization with the cattle X chromosome short arm specific DNA library probes generated by microdissection and TOPO-DOP-PCR amplification

Despite the chromosome rearrangements during karyotype evolution in pecorans, these homologous regions were each detected as one block on the X chromosomes of the above species.
Recent SND results on the study of the process e + e − → π 0 γ are presented. The study is based on data collected with the SND detector on the VEPP-2M and VEPP-2000 e + e − colliders with an integrated luminosity of 25 and 46 pb −1 , respectively. The VEPP-2M data used in this analysis are recorded in the center-of-mass energy range 0.60-1.38 GeV, while the VEPP-2000 data in the range 1.05-2.00 GeV.
Higher educational institutions throughout the world are involved in communication with each other, exchanging instructional ideas and practices, as well as exchanging students through a number of international mobility programs. This paper examines sociocultural adaptation of international students with special attention to the dimensions of adaptation viewed from the perspective of language-game. For this purpose, 34 Russian students who study in French universities and higher schools (“grandes écoles”) as exchange students were interviewed in Paris (France) and Novosibirsk (Russia). The research shows that language-game is used in different dimensions of adaptation related to educational system, sociocultural context, mentality, and sociopolitical life. In order to overcome problems in adaptation and establish successful interaction, students use language-game to adjust to the unfamiliar social, cultural, and educational contexts.
Drug therapeutic efficiency and development of unfavorable pharmacologic responses as well as the disease predisposition are caused first of all by patient’s genetic features. Genetic variations in genes encoding drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporter proteins are essential to understand the ethnic differences in disease occurrence, development, prognosis, therapeutic response and toxicity of drugs. For that reason, it is necessary to establish the normative frequency distribution of genotypes and alleles of these genes in a particular population. Data on frequency of pharmacogenetic polymorphisms in the of Belarus population are limited. The goal of our investigation was to analyze the frequency distribution of genotypes and alleles of genes encoding drug-metabolizing enzymes (CYP1А2, CYP2D6 – I phase; GSTs, NAT2 – II phase) and transporter protein MDR1 in the population of Belarus and comparisons with other ethnic populations. Our results indicate that clinically important genes are genetically highly variable and differ considerably between populations. Differences in allele frequencies across continents should be considered when designing clinical trials of new drugs continents should be considered when designing clinical trials of new drugs.
In plants, salicylic acid (SA) is a hormone that mediates a plant’s defense against pathogens. SA also takes an active role in a plant’s response to various abiotic stresses, including chilling, drought, salinity, and heavy metals. In addition, in recent years, numerous studies have confirmed the important role of SA in plant morphogenesis. In this review, we summarize data on changes in root morphology following SA treatments under both normal and stress conditions. Finally, we provide evidence for the role of SA in maintaining the balance between stress responses and morphogenesis in plant development, and also for the presence of SA crosstalk with other plant hormones during this process.
In this article, one of the brightest publicist compositions of M. Gorky – 'Untimely thoughts' is being considered. The main platform, where the author's essays was being publicized, is the 'New life' newspaper, which was established with V. A. Desnitsky in April of 1917 and closed by personal disposition of V. I. Lenin in July of 1918. After closing of the newspaper, in 1920 the author decided to publish separate book, augmented it with essays from another cycle 'Revolution and culture' and exchanged chronological principle of positioning of the material with thematic one.

In this article is pointed, that, as a result of changes, the book has loosed some features, inherent to journalistic discourse with it linear time sequence, but gained new features, which have amplified artistic-publicistical speech of the text, which took more generalized meaning along with the documentary material. Gaining of balance between an entinema and an example as a way to expand the material have been became the important principle of the book's poetics. Artistic method, discovered by L. N. Tolstoy in 'Anna Karenina' and 'Resurrection', made Gorky able to demystificate thesis about humanin character of events of 1917–1918 years and occupy objective view on the revolution, avoiding influence of Bolshevik's press and defamation, peculiar to counterrevolution publications.

Also, true anatomical view on the Russian revolution haven't deliver Gorky from utopical hope for culture as a remedy for the social rescue. In this utopia, prerequisites of the future union between Gorky and Bolsheviks, which caused ambiguous reaction of descendants, already appeared.
The presented data contains information about component composition of lipophilic compounds in Ganoderma lucidum fungal body sample obtained using gas chromatography and subsequent mass spectrometry.
The master’s degree program is the third level of higher professional education and is available after obtaining a bachelor’s or specialist’s degree. It provides an opportunity to gain deeper knowledge in a specific field and can be useful for a successful career in many areas of activity, as well as opens the way to scientific and teaching activities. Awareness of the importance of obtaining a master’s degree by a University graduate largely depends on their expectations about possible career growth and the level of future income. Therefore, the question of a quantitative a priori assessment of the impact of the master’s degree on the level of wages, taking into account the available alternatives, seems relevant. The article considers the impact of master’s education on the salary level for the period from 2014 to 2018, and calculates a quantitative a priori assessment of this impact, taking into account certain factors such as the federal district of residence, age, etc. The study was based on data from the Russian monitoring of the economic situation and health of the population of the HSE - RLMS for the period 2014-2018. It showed that successful completion of a master’s degree directly affects the level of wages. Also, the master’s program has a small but positive time effect and has the greatest impact on wages in technologically and socially developed Federal districts. The main contribution of the work to the knowledge of the subject of research was a comprehensive study of the position of master’s education, as well as determining its impact on wages, with the calculation of a quantitative a priori assessment in various simulated situations.
The extreme high-body-weight-selected mouse line DU6i is a polygenic model for growth research, harboring many small-effect QTL.

We dissected the genome of this line into 19 autosomes and the Y chromosome by the construction of a new panel of chromosome substitution strains (CSS). The DU6i chromosomes were transferred to a DBA/2 mice genetic background by marker-assisted recurrent backcrossing. Mitochondria and the X chromosome were of DBA/2 origin in the backcross. During the construction of these novel strains, >4000 animals were generated, phenotyped, and genotyped. Using these data, we studied the genetic control of variation in body weight and weight gain at 21, 42, and 63 days.

The unique data set facilitated the analysis of chromosomal interaction with sex and parent-of-origin effects. All analyzed chromosomes affected body weight and weight gain either directly or in interaction with sex or parent of origin. The effects were age specific, with some chromosomes showing opposite effects at different stages of development.
Pentahexagonal annuli are closed chains consisting of regular pentagons and hexagons. Such configurations can be easily recognized in various complex designs, in particular, in molecular carbon constructions.

Results of computer enumeration of annuli without overlapping on the plane are presented for up to 18 pentagons and hexagons.

We determine how many annuli have certain properties for a fixed number of pentagons. In particular, we consider symmetry, pentagon separation (the least ring-distance between pentagons), uniformity of pentagon distribution, and pentagonal thickness (the size of maximal connected part of pentagons) of annuli. Pictures of all annuli with the number of pentagons and hexagons up to 17 are presented (more than 1300 diagrams).
Ants and termites have independently evolved obligate fungus-farming mutualisms, but their gardening procedures are fundamentally different, as the termites predigest their plant substrate whereas the ants deposit it directly on the fungus garden. Fungus-growing termites retained diverse gut microbiota, but bacterial gut communities in fungus-growing leaf-cutting ants have not been investigated, so it is unknown whether and how they are specialized on an exclusively fungal diet.

Here we characterized the gut bacterial community of Panamanian Acromyrmex species, which are dominated by only four bacterial taxa: Wolbachia , Rhizobiales , and two Entomoplasmatales taxa. We show that the Entomoplasmatales can be both intracellular and extracellular across different gut tissues, Wolbachia is mainly but not exclusively intracellular, and the Rhizobiales species is strictly extracellular and confined to the gut lumen, where it forms biofilms along the hindgut cuticle supported by an adhesive matrix of polysaccharides. Tetracycline diets eliminated the Entomoplasmatales symbionts but hardly affected Wolbachia and only moderately reduced the Rhizobiales , suggesting that the latter are protected by the biofilm matrix.

We show that the Rhizobiales symbiont produces bacterial NifH proteins that have been associated with the fixation of nitrogen, suggesting that these compartmentalized hindgut symbionts alleviate nutritional constraints emanating from an exclusive fungus garden diet reared on a substrate of leaves.
Равновесие рассолов Анабаро-Хатангского бассейна с минералами вмещающих породНовиков Д
The approach to the synthesis of 5′-lipophilic conjugates of functional nucleic acids based on a combination of H-phosphonate and phosphoramidite methods is presented.
Silicon pixel detectors are at the core of the current and planned upgrade of the ATLAS experiment at the LHC. Given their close proximity to the interaction point, these detectors will be exposed to an unprecedented amount of radiation over their lifetime. The current pixel detector will receive damage from non-ionizing radiation in excess of 1015 1 MeV neq/cm2, while the pixel detector designed for the high-luminosity LHC must cope with an order of magnitude larger fluence. This paper presents a digitization model incorporating effects of radiation damage to the pixel sensors. The model is described in detail and predictions for the charge collection efficiency and Lorentz angle are compared with collision data collected between 2015 and 2017 (⩽ 1015 1 MeV neq/cm2).
The photophysics of a number salicylic acid derivatives (SADs) in aqueous solutions was investigated in a wide range of pH by time‐correlated single photon counting ( λ ex = 350 nm, τ resp = 300 ps) and fluorescence up‐conversion ( λ ex = 266 nm, τ resp = 300 fs) techniques. The acid–base equilibrium constants in the ground (p K a ) and the excited states ( ${\rm p}K_{\rm a}^* $ ), the fluorescence quantum yields as well as the lifetimes of anionic, neutral, and cationic forms of SADs were determined. Evidence of ultrafast excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) leading to the formation of the proton‐transferred excited state of SADs was obtained from the fluorescence up‐conversion measurement. The nature of the ESIPT process is discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The use of a Teflon implant for Jannetta surgery in patients with trigeminal neuralgia is complicated in rare cases by the development of a Teflon granuloma and can cause recurrent facial pain. The article presents a clinical case of a Teflon granuloma developed after microvascular decompression of the trigeminal nerve root, describes the surgical findings and histological picture, and analyzes the literature, causes of granuloma development, and recommendations for treatment of these patients.Применение тефлонового имплантата при выполнении операции Jannetta у больных с тригеминальной невралгией в редких случаях осложняется развитием тефлон-гранулемы, что может явиться причиной рецидива болевого синдрома. Представлен клинический случай образования тефлон-гранулемы после микроваскулярной декомпрессии корешка тройничного нерва, описаны операционные находки и гистологическая картина, а также проведен анализ литературы, причин образования гранулем и указаны рекомендации по лечению этих больных.
Using the molecular dynamics method, the structuring of water molecules near copper surfaces at various temperatures is studied. Samples with crystallographic orientations of 100 and 111 are considered at temperatures from 300 K to 350 K. It is found that the planes of water molecules in the near-surface region with the size is about six angstroms are oriented mainly parallel to the copper surface. However, the character of the structuring of water molecules near the copper surface weakly depends on the considered crystallographic orientations and temperatures.
Purpose. From July 1 to July 16, 2019, a base of the West Siberian archaeological detachment of IAE SB RAS in the Vengerovsky District of the Novosibirsk Region became the venue for the field archaeological school “Multidisciplinary research of the Paleometal era multilayer archaeological assemblages”. The school was organized for students, graduate students and young scientists from Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Tomsk State University, Tyumen State University, Altai State Pedagogical University, and Siberian Federal University. Results. As part of the school, students attended nine lectures and participated in four master classes and workshops. The lectures were given by experts of the IAE SB RAS, namely academician V. I. Molodin, doctor of history L. N. Mylnikova, candidate of history I. A. Durakov, candidate of history N. S. Efremova, candidate of history L. S. Kobeleva, candidate of history M. S. Nesterova, candidate of history D. V. Selin. The listeners got acquainted with modern approaches and methods of excavating multilayer archaeological assemblages of the Paleometal era, methods of analyzing the data obtained and interdisciplinary methods for studying archaeological artifacts. Special master classes and participation in the excavation of the sites took place at two multilayer sites Tartas-1 and the burial ground Ust-Tartassky mounds (settlement Karier-Tai-1). Conclusion. The students were exposed to various stages of site studies, such as sampling the horizons of the cultural layer, disassembling objects made for various purposes (pits, burials, foci, ditches), etc. University students obtained advanced training diplomas and certificates of completing a field course.