Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Dynamics and direct $CP$ violation in three-body charmless decays of charged $B$ mesons to a proton, an antiproton and a light meson (pion or kaon) are studied using data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $1.0\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, collected by the LHCb experiment in $pp$ collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV.

Production spectra are determined as a function of Dalitz-plot and helicity variables. The forward-backward asymmetry of the light meson in the $p\overline{p}$ rest frame is measured.

No significant $CP$ asymmetry in ${B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}p\overline{p}{K}^{+}$ decay is found in any region of the Dalitz plane. We present the first observation of the decay ${B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\overline{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}(1520)(\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{+}\overline{p})p$ near the ${K}^{+}\overline{p}$ threshold and measure $\mathcal{B}({B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\overline{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}(1520)p)=({3.9}_{\ensuremath{-}0.9}^{+1.0}(\mathrm{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1(\mathrm{syst})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3(\mathrm{BF}))\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}7}$, where BF denotes the uncertainty on secondary branching fractions.
The article is devoted to evaluation of the applicability of existing semantic segmentation algorithms for the “Duckietown” simulator. The article explores classical semantic segmentation algorithms as well as ones based on neural networks. We also examined machine learning frameworks, taking into account all the limitations of the “Duckietown” simulator. According to the research results, we selected neural network algorithms based on U-Net, SegNet, DeepLab-v3, FC-DenceNet and PSPNet networks to solve the segmentation problem in the “Duckietown” project. U-Net and SegNet have been tested on the “Duckietown” simulator.
In the present paper, detonation in a stoichiometric oxygen-hydrogen mixture is simulated numerically using 4 detailed chemical mechanisms.

Simulations are performed using a previously developed computational program based on high-order shock-capturing TVD schemes and a finite-rate chemistry solver. The program is implemented in C++ using the CUDA parallel computing platform for running on graphic processor devices (GPU), the open OpenMP standard for multi-threaded applications on multiprocessor systems with shared memory and the MPI protocol for data exchange between processors.

The effect of chemical kinetics models on the stability of 1D detonation wave and 2D detonation wave propagating in a plane channel is investigated. The number of detonation cells formed in a channel of a given width at different degrees of overdrive is determined.
The study is devoted to preliminary investigation Russian-language version of the questionnaire 'Revised Parental Emotion Regulation Inventory' psychometric properties. The sample consists of 211 parents raising 1 child - 4 children, with 184 mothers (M=36,5) and 27 fathers (M=36,9).

All five scales and total scale have good consistency (Cronbach's alpha from 0.78 and 0.84). Moderate retest reliability (one month interval) is shown (r = 0.75 to r = 0.61), which can indicate measurement of more situational characteristics of parental emotions regulation. Construct validity of the questionnaire was evaluated by means of correlations with scales that theoretically are connected with the emotional regulation in parents. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis show incomplete compliance of the four-factor model with empirical data.

It is generally acceptable. A higher levels of cognitive reassessment of unwanted child-related situations and suppression of thoughts about such situations were observed in parents raising children with autism spectrum disorders than in parents of neurotypical children. This indicates the criterion validity of the inventory.
Understanding the principles and mechanisms of cell growth coordination in plant tissue remains an outstanding challenge for modern developmental biology. Cell-based modeling is a widely used technique for studying the geometric and topological features of plant tissue morphology during growth.

We developed a quasi-one-dimensional model of unidirectional growth of a tissue layer in a linear leaf blade that takes cell autonomous growth mode into account. The model allows for fitting of the visible cell length using the experimental cell length distribution along the longitudinal axis of a wheat leaf epidermis. Additionally, it describes changes in turgor and osmotic pressures for each cell in the growing tissue.

Our numerical experiments show that the pressures in the cell change over the cell cycle, and in symplastically growing tissue, they vary from cell to cell and strongly depend on the leaf growing zone to which the cells belong. Therefore, we believe that the mechanical signals generated by pressures are important to consider in simulations of tissue growth as possible targets for molecular genetic regulators of individual cell growth.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a powerful non-invasive diagnostic method extensively used in biomedical studies. A significant limitation of MRI is its relatively low signal-to-noise ratio

which can be increased by hyperpolarizing nuclear spins. One promising method is Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange (SABRE), which employs parahydrogen as a source of hyperpolarization

Recent studies demonstrated the feasibility to improve MRI sensitivity with this hyperpolarization technique. Hyperpolarized
T. N. Troitskaya and A. P. Borodovsky attributed the site to the Bol’sherechenskaya culture and dated the inventory as the 3rd–2nd centuries BC.

Morphological and statistical analyses of the vessels’ forms were carried out on 49 ceramic vessels from 11 mounds. We used a set of methods including the «Program of statistical processing of ceramics from archaeological excavations» by V. F. Gening, calculation of the general proportionality forms by A. A. Bobrinsky, the method of studying profiles by H. A. Nordström and the method of comparing basic proportions by A. O. Shepard.

In the ceramic complex of the Bystrovka-1 site the majority of vessels have habitual forms, which indicates a certain stability of the pottery tradition. However, there are also some imitations of forms that indicate the change and continuing internal development of the pottery tradition or the inclusion of other cultural elements. According to A. P. Borodovsky, such ceramics is an indirect indicator of transition to a sedentary nomadic culture.
The current pandemic of novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) poses a significant global public health threat. While urgent regulatory measures in control of the rapid spread of this virus are essential, scientists around the world have quickly engaged in this battle by studying the molecular mechanisms and searching for effective therapeutic strategies against this deadly disease. At present, the exact mechanisms of programmed cell death upon SARS-CoV-2 infection remain to be elucidated, though there is increasing evidence suggesting that cell death pathways play a key role in SARS-CoV-2 infection. There are several types of programmed cell death, including apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis. These distinct programs are largely controlled by the proteins of the death domain (DD) superfamily, which play an important role in viral pathogenesis and host antiviral response. Many viruses have acquired the capability to subvert the program of cell death and evade the host immune response, mainly by virally encoded gene products that control cell signaling networks. In this mini-review, we will focus on SARS-CoV-2, and discuss the implication of restraining the DD-mediated signaling network to potentially suppress viral replication and reduce tissue damage.
Сравнительный анализ метода Бориса и его модификаций проводился как по точности методов, так и по времени их работы. A comparative analysis of the Boris method and its modifications was carried out both in terms of the accuracy of the methods and the time of their operation.

Созданные двумерный и трехмерный алгоритмы основаны на использовании точного решения дифференциального уравнения для скорости заряженной частицы на шаге по времени. The created two-dimensional and three-dimensional algorithms are based on the use of an exact solution of the differential equation for the velocity of a charged particle at a time step.

Новая модификация метода Бориса позволяет точнее вычислять траекторию и скорость заряженной частицы без значительного увеличения сложности расчетов. Показано, что при выборе модификации метода Бориса для решения задачи в первую очередь следует обращать внимание на точность решения. A new modification of the Boris method allows more accurate calculations of the trajectory and velocity of a charged particle without a significant increase in the complexity of calculations. It is shown that, when choosing a modification of the Boris method to solve a problem, one should pay attention first of all to the accuracy of the solution.
High values of electrical conductivity are obtained at the detonation of condensed high explosives with the formula C a H b N c O d . Such values can be explained only in the framework of the contact conductivity hypothesis. In this case, the conductivity is provided by elongated highly-conductive structures which penetrate the whole space of the detonation wave. This work is devoted to the investigation of the detonation soot of high explosives with a significant carbon content in order to discover elongated structures supporting the contact conductivity hypothesis.
Management of wheat stem rust in Western Siberia has gained importance since the first outbreaks in 2007–2010 and 2016.

The race composition and virulence patterns were investigated for the enlarged Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt) samples collected in three neighboring regions Omsk, Novosibirsk, and Altai during 2017–2018. Most of Pgt isolates were identified as virulent to wheat lines with genes Sr5, Sr9a, Sr10, Sr38, SrMcN, and avirulent to Sr24, Sr31. Differentiation ability of genes Sr6, Sr7b, Sr8a, Sr9b, Sr9d, Sr9g, Sr9e, Sr11, Sr17, Sr21, Sr30, Sr36, and SrTmp to distinguish between the regional populations was established. A total of 33 virulence phenotypes or races were detected among 115 Pgt isolates tested.

Based on virulence phenotypes, two different Pgt subpopulations were identified in the Altai and Omsk regions likely originating from asexual and sexual cycles, respectively. The Novosibirsk pathogen population seems to be a mixture of isolates originated from both neighboring regions with virulence phenotypes that developed in the west, Omsk (TKRPF, QHHSF, and MLLTF), and in the south, Altai (NFMSF, LKCSF, LKMSF, and PKCSF), of Western Siberia.
Four new gadolinium(III) metal-organic frameworks containing 2,2′-bipyridyl (bpy) or 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) chelate ligands and trans-1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylate (chdc2−) were synthesized. Their crystal structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. All four coordination frameworks are based on the binuclear carboxylate building units. In the compounds [Gd2(bpy)2(chdc)3]·H2O (1) and [Gd2(phen)2(chdc)3]·0.5DMF (2), the six-connected {Ln2(L)2(OOCR)6} blocks form a 3D network with the primitive cubic (pcu) topology. In the compounds [Gd2(NO3)2(phen)2(chdc)2]·2DMF (3) and [Gd2Cl2(phen)2(chdc)2]·0.3DMF·2.2dioxane (4), the four-connected {Ln2(L)2(X)2OOCR)4} units (where X = NO3− for 3 or Cl− for 4) form a 2D square-grid (sql) network. The solid-state luminescent properties were investigated for the synthesized frameworks. Bpy-containing compound 1 shows no luminescence, possibly due to the paramagnetic quenching by Gd3+ cation. In contrast, the phenathroline-containing MOFs 2–4 possess yellow emission under visible excitation (λex = 460 nm) with the tuning of the characteristic wavelength by the coordination environment of the metal center.
Acipenseriformes take a basal position among Actinopteri and demonstrate a striking ploidy variation among species. The sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus, Linnaeus, 1758; ARUT) is a diploid 120-chromosomal sturgeon distributed in Eurasian rivers from Danube to Enisey. Despite a high commercial value and a rapid population decline in the wild, many genomic characteristics of sterlet (as well as many other sturgeon species) have not been studied.Cell lines from different tissues of 12 sterlet specimens from Siberian populations were established following an optimized protocol. Conventional cytogenetic studies supplemented with molecular cytogenetic investigations on obtained fibroblast cell lines allowed a detailed description of sterlet karyotype and a precise localization of 18S/28S and 5S ribosomal clusters. Localization of sturgeon specific HindIII repetitive elements revealed an increased concentration in the pericentromeric region of the acrocentric ARUT14, while the total sterlet repetitive DNA fraction (C0t30) produced bright signals on subtelomeric segments of small chromosomal elements. Chromosome and region specific probes ARUT1p, 5, 6, 7, 8 as well as 14 anonymous small sized chromosomes (probes A-N) generated by microdissection were applied in chromosome painting experiments. According to hybridization patterns all painting probes were classified into two major groups: the first group (ARUT5, 6, 8 as well as microchromosome specific probes C, E, F, G, H, and I) painted only a single region each on sterlet metaphases, while probes of the second group (ARUT1p, 7 as well as microchromosome derived probes A, B, D, J, K, M, and N) marked two genomic segments each on different chromosomes. Similar results were obtained on male and female metaphases.The sterlet genome represents a complex mosaic structure and consists of diploid and tetraploid chromosome segments. This may be regarded as a transition stage from paleotetraploid (functional diploid) to diploid genome condition. Molecular cytogenetic and genomic studies of other 120- and 240-chromosomal sturgeons are needed to reconstruct genome evolution of this vertebrate group.
Using high-order spectral element method and large eddy simulations we study a turbulent annular jet at the Reynolds number of 8900, based on the bulk velocity in the annular channel and its half-width. The region of high turbulent kinetic energy is located inside the recirculation zone behind the bluff-body where the low-frequency motion is known to occur which is detected with energy spectra. Further analysis includes the azimuthal Fourier and Proper orthogonal decomposition (POD). It is shown that the main eigenmodes with low azimuthal wavenumbers m rotate around the symmetry axis in both directions providing the explanation for the precessing motion of the recirculating zone.
The Advanced Proton Driven Plasma Wakefield Acceleration Experiment (AWAKE) aims at studying plasma wakefield generation and electron acceleration driven by proton bunches. It is a proof-of-principle R&D experiment at CERN and the world׳s first proton driven plasma wakefield acceleration experiment.

The AWAKE experiment will be installed in the former CNGS facility and uses the 400 GeV/c proton beam bunches from the SPS. The first experiments will focus on the self-modulation instability of the long (rms ~12 cm) proton bunch in the plasma. These experiments are planned for the end of 2016. Later, in 2017/2018, low energy (~15 MeV) electrons will be externally injected into the sample wakefields and be accelerated beyond 1 GeV.

The main goals of the experiment will be summarized. A summary of the AWAKE design and construction status will be presented.
Plasma devices with cylindrical and plane geometries generating the nonthermal atmospheric plasma jets are used for the treatment of the cancer cells in vitro and in vivo.

It is shown in the simulations and experiment that the grounded substrate placed under the bio target essentially increases the plasma treatment efficiency. Nevertheless the temperature control is needed to avoid the burns in a spot of contact of plasma jet with the mice skin. The measured and calculated local temperature increase with different regimes of plasma device operation is presented.

The MTT and iCELLigence assays of the viability of cancer cells in vitro show the efficiency of plasma jet treatment and mice models in vivo demonstrate the safety regime for cold atmospheric pressure plasma irradiation.
NMR spectroscopy and imaging (MRI) are two of the most important methods to study structure, function, and dynamics from atom to organism scale. NMR approaches often suffer from an insufficient sensitivity, which, however, can be transiently boosted using hyperpolarization techniques.

One of these techniques is parahydrogen-induced polarization, which has been used to produce catalyst-free hyperpolarized propane gas with proton polarization that is 3 orders of magnitude greater than equilibrium thermal polarization at a 1.5 T field of a clinical MRI scanner. Here we show that more than 0.3 L of hyperpolarized propane gas can be produced in 2 s.

This production rate is more than an order of magnitude greater than that demonstrated previously, and the reported production rate is comparable to that employed for in-human MRI using HP noble gas (e.g., 129Xe) produced via a spin exchange optical pumping (SEOP) hyperpolarization technique. We show that high polarization values can be retained despite the significant increase in the production rate of hyperpolarized propane. The enhanced signals of produced hyperpolarized propane gas were revealed by stopped-flow MRI visualization at 4.7 T. Achieving this high production rate enables the future use of this compound (already approved for unlimited use in foods by the corresponding regulating agencies, e.g., FDA in the USA, and more broadly as an E944 food additive) as a new inhalable contrast agent for diagnostic detection via MRI.
In this paper we examine methods and algorithms for visualizing three-dimensional non-Euclidean spherical and elliptical spaces with a first-person view, from insider’s perspective: we propose an algorithm for implementing camera controls in such spaces, address an approach to visualizing properties of such spaces based on matrix and vector operations which enables us to perform some of the computations necessary for the visualization on GPUs using graphics APIs, describe an implementation of fog effects in such spaces for the purpose of simplifying navigation in them. An implementation of these approaches and algorithms that is intended for visualizing dynamic scenes in such spaces is presented.
Crystalline amino acids are considered to mimic important interactions in peptides, therefore the studies of the structure-forming factors in these systems attract much attention. N,N-dimethylglycine is an interesting model compound that was used to test the role of the N-H...O H-bonds in forming the head-to-tail chains – the main structural unit in the crystals of amino acids. It was hypothesized previously that additional side N-H...O H-bonds play an important role in forming the head-to-tail chains of amino acid zwitterions linked via N-H...O H-bonds between the charged -NH3 and -COO terminal groups.

Twice methylated amino group of N,N-dimethylglycine is able to form only one N-H...O H-bond in the crystal structure, so that this hypothesis could be tested. There are two polymorphs of N,N-dimethylglycine, in which the zwitterions are packed in two different ways. In one polymorph (orthorhombic, Pbca) they form finite four member ring motifs not linked to each other via any H-bonds, but only by weak van der Waals interactions. However, in the second polymorph (monoclinic, P21/n) the zwitterions do form infinite head-to-tail chains though the N-H...O H-bond is the only one and is not assisted via any additional H-bonds. The effect of cooling on the two crystal structures was followed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction combined with polarized Raman spectroscopy of oriented single crystals, in order to compare the response of the N-H...O H-bonds to temperature variations.

The crystal structure of the monoclinic polymorph compresses anisotropically on cooling, whereas that of the orthorhombic polymorph undergoes a reversible single-crystal to single-crystal phase transition at ~200 K accompanied by non-merohedral twinning, reducing the space symmetry to monoclinic (P21/b), and doubling the asymmetric unit from 2 to 4 molecules. This phase transition could not be detected by Raman spectroscopy and DSC because of the subtle related changes in intermolecular energies.
The real/atomic structure of single phase homogeneous nanocrystalline Ce 0.5 Zr 0.5 O 2±δ oxides prepared by a modified Pechini route and Ni-loaded catalysts of methane dry reforming on their bases was studied by a combination of neutron diffraction, synchrotron X-ray diffraction, total X-ray scattering and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The effects of sintering temperature and pretreatment in H 2 were elucidated. The structure of the mixed oxides corresponds to a tetragonal space group indicating a homogeneous distribution of Ce and Zr cations in the lattice. A pronounced disordering of the oxygen sublattice was revealed by neutron diffraction, supposedly due to incorporation of water into the structure when in contact with air promoted by the generation of anion vacancies in the lattice after reduction or calcination at high temperatures. However, such disordering has not resulted in any occupation of the oxygen interstitial positions in the bulk of the nanodomains.
We demonstrate that spectral peak power of negatively chirped optical pulses can acquire a blueshift after amplification by a semiconductor optical amplifier. The central wavelength of a transform limited optical pulse translates over 20 nm towards a shorter wavelength after propagation in a single-mode fiber and semiconductor optical amplifier.

A chirped Gaussian pulse with full width at half maximum 1 ps and dimensionless chirp parameter C = − 20 can be blueshifted by 5 THz.
We show that the light shift in atomic clocks can be suppressed using time variation of the interrogation field intensity. By measuring the clock output at two intensity levels, error signals can be generated that simultaneously stabilize a local oscillator to an atomic transition and correct for the shift of this transition caused by the interrogating optical field. These methods are suitable for optical clocks using one- and two-photon transitions, as well as for microwave clocks based on coherent population trapping or direct interrogation. The proposed methods can be widely used both for high-precision scientific instruments and for a wide range of commercial clocks, including chip-scale atomic clocks.
We study the free boundary problem for the flow of a compressible isentropic inviscid elastic fluid.

At the free boundary moving with the velocity of the fluid particles the columns of the deformation gradient are tangent to the boundary and the pressure vanishes outside the flow domain. We prove the local-in-time existence of a unique smooth solution of the free boundary problem provided that among three columns of the deformation gradient there are two which are non-collinear vectors at each point of the initial free boundary. If this non-collinearity condition fails, the local-in-time existence is proved under the classical Rayleigh-Taylor sign condition satisfied at the first moment.

By constructing an Hadamard-type ill-posedness example for the frozen coefficients linearized problem we show that the simultaneous failure of the non-collinearity condition and the Rayleigh-Taylor sign condition leads to Rayleigh-Taylor instability.
Approximate estimates are obtained for the ratio of the velocity and thermal relaxation times of micron-sized particles of different chemical composition interacting with shock and detonation waves.

The interaction of a cellular detonation wave with a cloud of inert particles is simulated taking into account their thermal and velocity relaxation.