Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
The paper deals with the problem of the structure of detonation waves in the silane-air mixture within the framework of mathematical model of a nonequilibrium gas dynamics.

Detailed kinetic scheme of silane oxidation as well as the newly developed reduced kinetic model of detonation combustion of silane are used.

On its basis the detonation wave (DW) structure in stoichiometric silane - air mixture and dependences of Chapman-Jouguet parameters of mixture on stoichiometric ratio between the fuel (silane) and an oxidizer (air) were obtained.
The human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines, iCS-MAF1-1 and iCS-MAF1-11, were generated from fibroblasts. The donor has a heterozygous mutation in the VPS13B gene, which manifests in her child as Cohen syndrome. It is a Golgi pathology, characterized by postnatal microcephaly and delayed growth and mental development. However, the process underlying pathological changes leading to the onset of the disease is still unknown. The use of iPSC will allow describing the early stages of neurogenesis, which is undoubtedly relevant for identifying key stages of development, at which phenotypic manifestations of mutations in the VPS13B gene are found.
We continue the study of the compound reneal processes (c.r.p.), where the moment Cramer's condition holds (see [1]-[10], where the study of c.r.p. was started). In [6]-[10] the similar problem has benn solved for non-lattice c.r.p., when the vector ξ = (τ, ζ) has the non-lattice distribution.

In the paper arithmetic c.r.p.Z(n) are studied. In such processes random vector ξ = (τ, ζ) has the arithmetic distribution, where τ > 0 defines the distance between jumps, ζ defines the values of jumps.

For this processes the fine asymptotics in the local limit theorem for probabilities P(Z(n) = x) has been obtained in Cramer's deviation region of x ∈ Z
The present work demonstrates a fibre-laser system with automatic electronic-controlled triggering of dissipative soliton generation mode. Passive mode locking based on the effect of non-linear polarisation evolution has been achieved through a polarisation controller containing a single low-voltage liquid crystal plate whose optimal wave delay was determined from analysis of inter-mode beat spectrum of the output radiation.
Taking into account our previous study of Ph.sungorus's ability to evaluate sets of geometric figures

Ability to shape associations between visual stimuli and a reward under conditions of mass and spaced trainings have been studied for the first time in wild Djungarian hamsters. In a case of a simple task ("spot vs no spot") 7 from 9 animals solved the problem under condition of mass training, whereas under condition of space training only one individual was successful. In a case of more complex task ("a lesser spot vs a greater one") 4 from 9 animals were successful under condition of mass training.

one can suggest that evaluation of visual stimuli in details is above cognitive competence of this species. Comparative psychological analysis of experimental studies enables us to consider this species a sort of "benchmark", at least when discriminations of visual stimuli are concerned. In contrast to majority of rodent species as well as genetic lines, the Djungarian hamsters learn to discriminate visual stimuli under conditions of mass training only, that is, they have "short memories".
We report on the observation of magnetic quantum ratchet effect in metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect-transistors on silicon surface (Si-MOSFETs). We show that the excitation of an unbiased transistor by ac electric field of terahertz radiation at normal incidence leads to a direct electric current between the source and drain contacts if the transistor is subjected to an in-plane magnetic field. The current rises linearly with the magnetic field strength and quadratically with the ac electric field amplitude. It depends on the polarization state of the ac field and can be induced by both linearly and circularly polarized radiation. We present the quasi-classical and quantum theories of the observed effect and show that the current originates from the Lorentz force acting upon carriers in asymmetric inversion channels of the transistors.
In this paper, we present the first detailed study on the chromitites and platinum-group element mineralization (PGM) of the Ulan-Sar’dag ophiolite (USO), located in the Central Asian Fold Belt (East Sayan). Three groups of chrome spinels, differing in their chemical features and physical–chemical parameters, under equilibrium conditions of the mantle mineral association, have been distinguished. The temperature and log oxygen fugacity values are, for the chrome spinels I, from 820 to 920 °C and from (−0.7) to (−1.5); for chrome spinels II, 891 to 1003 °C and (−1.1) to (−4.4); and for chrome spinels III, 738 to 846 °C and (−1.1) to (−4.4), respectively. Chrome spinels I were formed through the interaction of peridotites with mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB)-type melts, and chrome spinels II were formed through the interaction of peridotites with boninite melts. Chrome spinels III were probably formed through the interaction of andesitic melts with rocks of an overlying mantle wedge. Chromitites demonstrate the fractionated form of the distribution of the platinum-group elements (PGE), which indicates a high degree of partial melting at 20–24% of the mantle source. Two assemblages of PGM have been distinguished: The primary PGE assemblage of Os-Ir-Ru alloys-I, (Os,Ru)S2, and IrAsS, and the secondary PGM assemblage of Os-Ir-Ru alloys-II, Os0, Ru0, RuS2, OsS2, IrAsS, RhNiAs with Ni, Fe, and Cu sulfides. The formation of the secondary phases of PGE occurred upon exposure to a reduced fluid, with a temperature range of 300–700 °C, log sulfur fugacity of (−20), and pressure of 0.5 kbar. We have proposed a scheme for the sequence of the formation and transformation of the PGMs at various stages of the evolution of the Ulan-Sar’dag ophiolite.
МЕЗО-РЕГИОНАЛЬНОЕ ПРИРОДООХРАННОЕ ПРОГНОЗИРОВАНИЕ В.В. ПененкоИнститут вычислительной математики и математической геофизики СО РАН, Новосибирский государственный университет
In a previous study using one-step CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in mouse zygotes, we created five founders carrying a 1,137 kb deletion and two founders carrying the same deletion, plus a 2,274 kb duplication involving the Cntn6 gene (encoding contactin-6).

Using these mice, the present study had the following aims: ( i ) to establish stage of origin of these rearrangements; ( ii ) to determine the fate of the deleted DNA fragments; and ( iii ) to estimate the scale of unpredicted DNA changes accompanying the rearrangements. The present study demonstrated that all targeted deletions and duplications occurred at the one-cell stage and more often in one pronucleus only. FISH analysis revealed that there were no traces of the deleted DNA fragments either within chromosome 6 or on other chromosomes. These data were consistent with the Southern blot analysis showing that chromosomes with deletion often had close to expected sizes of removed DNA fragments. High-throughput DNA sequencing of two homozygotes for duplication demonstrated that there were no unexpected significant or scale DNA changes either at the gRNA and joint sites or other genome sites.

Thus, our data suggested that CRISPR/Cas9 technology could generate megabase-sized deletions and duplications in mouse gametes at a reasonably specific level.
We calculate the effect of variation in the light-current quark mass, mq, on standard big bang nucleosynthesis. A change in mq at during the era of nucleosynthesis affects nuclear reaction rates, and hence primordial abundances, via changes the binding energies of light nuclei. It is found that a relative variation of δmq/mq = 0.016 ± 0.005 provides better agreement between observed primordial abundances and those predicted by theory. This is largely due to resolution of the existing discrepancies for 7Li. However this method ignores possible changes in the position of resonances in nuclear reactions. The predicted 7Li abundance has a strong dependence on the cross-section of the resonant reactions 3He (d, p) 4He and t (d, n) 4He. We show that changes in mq at the time of BBN could shift the position of these resonances away from the Gamow window and lead to an increased production of 7Li, exacerbating the lithium problem.
Ty3/Gypsy long terminals repeat (LTR) retrotransposons are structurally and phylogenetically close to retroviruses. Two notable structural differences between these groups of genetic elements are 1) the presence in retroviruses of an additional envelope gene, env, which mediates infection, and 2) a specific dual ribonuclease H (RNH) domain encoded by the retroviral pol gene. However, similar to retroviruses, many Ty3/Gypsy LTR retrotransposons harbor additional env-like genes, promoting concepts of the infective mode of these retrotransposons.

Here, we provide a further line of evidence of similarity between retroviruses and some Ty3/Gypsy LTR retrotransposons. We identify that, together with their additional genes, plant Ty3/Gypsy LTR retrotransposons of the Tat group have a second RNH, as do retroviruses.

Most importantly, we show that the resulting dual RNHs of Tat LTR retrotransposons and retroviruses emerged independently, providing strong evidence for their convergent evolution. The convergent resemblance of Tat LTR retrotransposons and retroviruses may indicate similar selection pressures acting on these diverse groups of elements and reveal potential evolutionary constraints on their structure. We speculate that dual RNH is required to accelerate retrotransposon evolution through increased rates of strand transfer events and subsequent recombination events.
With the recent Nvidia Tesla V100 a performance of 0.5 TFLOPS was achieved for 3D Particle-In-Cell simulation.

The paper includes brief description of the simulation algorithm, the detail of GPU implementation

and the performance analysis with different GPUs.
The noncentrosymmetric semiconductors $\mathrm{BiTe}X\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}(X=\text{Cl},\text{Br},\text{I})$ show large Rashba-type spin-orbit splittings in their electronic structure making them candidate materials for spin-based electronics. However, BiTeI(0001) single-crystal surfaces usually consist of stacking-fault-induced domains of Te and I terminations implying a spatially inhomogeneous electronic structure.

Here we combine scanning tunneling microscopy, photoelectron spectroscopy (ARPES, XPS), and density functional theory calculations to systematically investigate the structural and electronic properties of $\mathrm{BiTe}X(0001)$ surfaces.

For $X=\text{Cl}$, Br we observe macroscopic single-terminated surfaces. We discuss chemical characteristics among the three materials in terms of bonding character, surface electronic structure, and surface morphology.
The 3D organization of the genome is tightly connected to its biological function. The Hi-C approach was recently introduced as a method that can be used to identify higher-order chromatin interactions genome-wide.

The aim of this study was to determine genome-wide chromatin interaction frequencies using the Hi-C approach in mouse sperm cells and embryonic fibroblasts.

The obtained results demonstrated that the 3D genome organizations of sperm and fibroblast cells show a high degree of similarity both with each other and with the previously described mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. Both A- and B-compartments and topologically associated domains (TADs) are present in spermatozoa and fibroblasts. Nevertheless, sperm cells and fibroblasts exhibited statistically significant differences between each other in the contact probabilities of defined loci. Tight packaging of the sperm genome resulted in an enrichment of long-range contacts compared with the fibroblasts. However, only 30% of the differences in the number of contacts are based on differences in the densities of their genome packages; the main source of the differences is the gain or loss of contacts that are specific for defined genome regions. An analysis of interchromosomal contacts in both cell types demonstrated that the large chromosomes showed a tendency to interact with each other more than with the small chromosomes and vice versa. We found that the dependence of the contact probability P(s) on genomic distance for sperm is in a good agreement with the fractal globular folding of chromatin. The similarity of the spatial DNA organization in sperm and somatic cell genomes suggests the stability of the 3D structure of genomes through generations.
Classical metrics (Eguchi–Hanson, Taub–NUT, Fubini–Study) satisfy a certain system of ODE that we introduced.

By studying this system we found new Ricci-flat incomplete Riemannian metric in explicit formula

and described its behavior at infinity and in the singular point.
В статье предложен подход к построению исследовательской среды для интеграции информационных ресурсов определенной области знаний и поддержки научных исследований.

Особенностью подхода является комбинация в рамках единой информационной системы, основанных на онтологиях средств представления, систематизации и аннотирования интегрированных в систему ресурсов, а также ориентация на совместную работу специалистов над созданием размеченного корпуса.

В статье приведен пример применения предложенного подхода для разработки информационной системы.
The main functions of adipose tissue are thought to be storage and mobilization of the body’s energy reserves, active and passive thermoregulation, participation in the spatial organization of internal organs, protection of the body from lipotoxicity, and ectopic lipid deposition. After the discovery of adipokines, the endocrine function was added to the above list, and after the identification of crosstalk between adipocytes and immune cells, an immune function was suggested.

Nonetheless, it turned out that the mechanisms underlying mutual regulatory relations of adipocytes, preadipocytes, immune cells, and their microenvironment are complex and redundant at many levels. One possible way to elucidate the picture of adipose-tissue regulation is to determine genetic variants correlating with obesity.

In this review, we examine various aspects of adipose-tissue involvement in innate immune responses as well as variants of immune-response genes associated with obesity.
The article makes a short excursus to the history of one of the least numerous peoples of Siberia -Kets (Yenisei Ostyaks); traces the history of the first contacts of Russian service men with the Kets.At first, the Russian yasak collectors did not distinguish between the Ob Khanty, Narym Selkups and Yenisey Kets who belonged to a similar economic and cultural type.Russians identified them as the same ethnos although differences in their languages were revealed very early.G.-F.Mueller, the head of the Academic Detachment, was the first to undertake the scientific study of the Ket language.He managed to find out that the Yenisei Ostyaks are a separate people, different from the Khanty and Selkups; that Ket language had other kindred languages.Later linguists confirmed Mueller's assumptions.Archaeological finds of the last decades reveal links between Kets and the most ancient population of Southern Siberia.Active use of other latest developments of interdisciplinary research allows making an even longer excursus to the history of ancestors of the Ket-language population in the Middle Yenisei area and receiving new data on the possible history and conditions of their language's evolution.
In this paper, we review Shirshov's method for free Lie algebras invented by him in 1962 which is now called the Groebner-Shirshov bases theory.
Generalized parton distributions (GPDs) enter QCD factorization theorems for hard exclusive reactions. They encode rich information about hadron partonic structure.

We explore a possibility to constrain GPDs in experiments at LHC considering two different exclusive processes: the timelike Compton scattering and the photoproduction of heavy vector mesons.
Tilia sibirica and T. nasczokinii are considered to be endemic Siberian linden species. They have very small distributions located hundreds to thousands of kilometers away from other lindens. It is unclear how closely these species are related to the widespread Tilia cordata: according to the current hypotheses, they could be pre-Pleistocene relicts or remnants of the recent continuous range of T. cordata that existed during the Holocene climatic optimum. Earlier studies detected significant differences between T. sibirica, T. nasczokinii, and T. cordata in microsatellite loci, but not in plastid sequences.

Here we performed a phylogenetic analysis of several linden species based on GBS data. The obtained GBS sequences were assembled to create phylogenetic trees based on 16,000–294,000 variable sites.

We found that T. cordata and the two putative Siberian species formed a monophyletic group. It consisted of three clades: the basal clade containing specimens from the Caucasus, and two sister clades representing populations from the East European Plains+the Urals and Siberia, respectively. Neither of the Siberian species was related to the Far Eastern T. amurensis, as was hypothesized earlier. Our study suggests that the colonization of Europe and Siberia after the Last Glacial Maximum occurred from different glacial refugia.
Microalgae exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we analyzed the toxicity of lipid fraction of different taxa of microalgae in female C57BL/6 mice. The number of red blood cells, white blood cells and subsets, hemoglobin, number, and functional activities of immature and mature immunocytes, biochemical parameters in blood serum, and kidney and liver extract were investigated. It is shown that the lipid fraction of microalgae had no acute toxic effect on body weight, glucose blood levels, and hemopoiesis in mice. Some changes in the number of immature and mature lymphocytes, proliferative potential, Ig levels, cytokine production were determined. In vivo lipid fraction of microalgae caused changes in cytokine, protein, lipid, purine, aminotransferases, and sex hormone level in mice. Obtained data indicate that lipid fraction dietary administration in female C57BL/6 mice does not have a toxic effect on the animal.
Finite groups are said to be isospectral if they have the same sets of element orders. A finite nonabelian simple group L is said to be almost recognizable by spectrum if every finite group isospectral to L is an almost simple group with socle isomorphic to L . It is known that all finite simple sporadic, alternating and exceptional groups of Lie type, except J 2 , A 6 , A 10 and 3 D 4 (2), are almost recognizable by spectrum. The present paper is the final step in the proof of the following conjecture due to V. D. Mazurov: there exists a positive integer d 0 such that every finite simple classical group of dimension larger than d 0 is almost recognizable by spectrum. Namely, we prove that a nonabelian composition factor of a finite group isospectral to a finite simple symplectic or orthogonal group L of dimension at least 10, is either isomorphic to L or not a group of Lie type in the same characteristic as L , and combining this result with earlier work, we deduce that Mazurov's conjecture holds with d 0 = 60.
With the turbulence in global trade and the necessity to develop non-commodity exports in Russia, the choice of an effective strategy for exporters’ conduct in the food market is becoming vitally important these days.

Agent-based models simulating the behavior of decentralized self-learning agents with their own goals and capabilities can be used as the tools for analyzing and predicting market movements. The paper presents the results of the agent-based approach to market modeling by the example of barley, which is one of the top commodity items of the Russian food exports on the basis of FAOSTAT and Rosstat data for the period 1997–2017. As a result of the study, an agent-based model of the world barley market was built, and a series of calculated experiments was carried out in the AnyLogic development environment with the changes in such factors as the level of global demand, the amount of customs duties, the exporting companies’ funds in order to determine the strategic conduct of the exporting agents taking into account the limited rationality of the participants in communicative interaction.

The proposed approach develops modern theory of consumer behavior and simulation, and the results of the study can be used in the formation of development programs for the Russian agro-food exports.
Finding novel biomarkers for human pathologies and predicting clinical outcomes for patients is rather challenging. This stems from the heterogenous response of individuals to disease which is also reflected in the inter-individual variability of gene expression responses. This in turn obscures differential gene expression analysis (DGE).

In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, we wondered whether an alternative to DGE approaches could be applied to dissect the molecular nature of a host-response to infection exemplified here by an analysis of H1N1 influenza, community/hospital acquired pneumonia (CAP) and sepsis. To this end, we turned to the analysis of ensemble gene noise. Ensemble gene noise, as we defined it here, represents a variance within an individual for a collection of genes encoding for either members of known biological pathways or subunits of annotated protein complexes. From the law of total variance, ensemble gene noise depends on the stoichiometry of the ensemble genes’ expression and on their average noise (variance). Thus, rather than focusing on specific genes, ensemble gene noise allows for the holistic identification and interpretation of gene expression disbalance on the level of gene networks and systems.

Comparing H1N1, CAP and sepsis patients we spotted common disturbances in a number of pathways/protein complexes relevant to the sepsis pathology which lead to an increase in the ensemble gene noise. Among others, these include mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I and peroxisomes which could be readily targeted for adjuvant treatment by methylene blue and 4-phenylbutyrate respectively. Finally, we showed that ensemble gene noise could be successfully applied for the prediction of clinical outcome, namely mortality, of CAP and sepsis patients. Thus, we conclude that ensemble gene noise represents a promising approach for the investigation of molecular mechanisms of a pathology through a prism of alterations in coherent expression of gene circuits.
We have observed recently the Stark-tuned three-body F"orster resonances $3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}n{P}_{3/2}(|M|)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}n{S}_{1/2}+(n+1){S}_{1/2}+n{P}_{3/2}(|{M}^{*}|)$ at long-range interactions of a few cold Rb Rydberg atoms [D. B. Tretyakov et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 173402 (2017)]. The three-body resonance appears at a different dc electric field with respect to the ordinary two-body resonance $2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}n{P}_{3/2}(|M|)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}n{S}_{1/2}+(n+1){S}_{1/2}$ and corresponds to a transition when the three interacting atoms change their states simultaneously (two atoms go to the $S$ states, and the third atom remains in the $P$ state but changes its moment projection), with the negligible contribution of the two-body resonance to the population transfer.

In this paper we theoretically investigate the coherence of such three-body resonances and we show that high-contrast Rabi-like population oscillations are possible for the localized Rydberg atoms in a certain spatial configuration.

It thus has a Borromean character and represents an effective three-body operator, which can be used to directly control the three-body interactions in quantum simulations and quantum gates implemented with Rydberg atoms. This paves the way to implementing three-qubit quantum gates and quantum simulations based on three-body Rydberg interactions.