Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Molecular oxygen excited to singlet state (Singlet oxygen, 1O2) becomes highly reactive and cytotoxic chemical. 1O2 is commonly generated by photoexcitation of dyes (photosensitizers), including the photodynamic therapy and diagnostics of cancer. However, the formation of singlet oxygen is often unwanted for various light-sensitive compounds, e.g. it causes the photobleaching of fluorescent probes. In either case, during a development of new photosensitive chemicals and drugs there is a need to evaluate the amount of 1O2 formed during photoexcitation. The direct approach in measuring the amount of singlet oxygen is based on the detection of its luminescence at 1270 nm. However, this luminescence is usually weak, which implies the use of highly sensitive single-photon detectors. Thus the existing instruments are commonly complicated and expensive.

Here we suggest an approach and report a device to measure the 1O2 luminescence using low-cost InGaAs avalanche photodiode and simple electronics. The measurements can be performed in stationary (not time-resolved) mode in organic solvents such as tetrachloromethane (CCl4), ethanol and DMSO.

In particular, we performed spectral-resolved measurements of the singlet oxygen luminescence in CCl4 with the device and demonstrated high complementarity to literature data. The simple setup allows to evaluate the efficiency (or speed) of singlet oxygen generation and hence facilitates the development and characterization of new photosensitizers and other photosensitive chemicals.
Общественная организация «Российская ассоциация эндокринологов» КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ РЕКОМЕНДАЦИИ САХАРНЫЙ ДИАБЕТ 1 ТИПА ТЕРМИНЫ И ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ Аналоги инсулина -форма инсулина, в которой произведены некоторые изменения в молекуле человеческого инсулина.Аналог действует так же, как инсулин, но с фармакокинетическими/фармакодинамическими различиями, которые могут иметь преимущества
Pre-clinical studies clearly indicate that Panagen acts by activating dendritic cells and induces the development of adaptive anticancer immune response.

We report on the results of a phase II clinical trial of Panagen (tablet form of fragmented human DNA preparation) in breast cancer patients (placebo group n = 23, Panagen n = 57). Panagen was administered as an adjuvant leukoprotective agent in FAC and AC chemotherapy regimens. We analyzed 5-year disease-free survival of patients recruited into the trial.

Five-year disease-free survival in the placebo group was 40 % (n = 15), compared with the Panagen arm – 53 % (n = 51). Among stage III patients, disease-free survival was 25 and 52 % for placebo (n = 8) and Panagen (n = 25) groups, respectively. Disease-free survival of patients with IIIB + C stage was as follows: placebo (n = 6)–17 % vs Panagen (n = 18)–50 %. Disease-free survival rate (17 %) of patients with IIIB + C stage breast cancer receiving standard of care therapy is within the global range. Patients who additionally received Panagen demonstrate a significantly improved disease-free survival rate of 50 %. This confirms anticancer activity of Panagen.
Temozolomide (TMZ) is a conventional chemotherapy drug for adjuvant treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), often accompanied by dexamethasone (DXM) to prevent brain oedema and alleviate clinical side effects.

Here, we aimed to investigate an ability of the drugs to affect normal brain tissue in terms of proteoglycan (PG) composition/content in experimental rat model in vivo. Age- and brain zone-specific transcriptional patterns of PGs were demonstrated for 8, 60, and 120 days old rats, and syndecan-1, glypican-1, decorin, biglycan, and lumican were identified as the most expressed PGs. DXM treatment affected both PG core proteins expression (mainly syndecan-1, glypican-1, decorin, biglycan, lumican, versican, brevican, and NG2) and heparan sulphate (HS)/chondroitin sulphate (CS) content in organotypic brain slice culture ex vivo and experimental animals in vivo in a dose-dependent manner. TMZ treatment did not result in the significant changes in PG core proteins expression both in normal rat brain hippocampus and cortex in vivo (although generics did), but demonstrated significant effects onto polysaccharide HS/CS content in the brain tissue.

The effects were age- and brain zone-specific and similar with the age-related PGs expression changes in rat brain. Combination of TMZ with DXM resulted in the most profound deterioration in PGs composition and content in the brain tissue both at core protein and glycosaminoglycan levels. Taken together, the obtained results demonstrate that conventional anti-glioblastoma therapy affects proteoglycan structure and composition in normal brain tissue, potentially resulting in deterioration of brain extracellular matrix and formation of the favourable tumorigenic niche for the expansion of the residual glioma cells. During the TMZ chemotherapy, dose and regimen of DXM treatment matter, and repetitive low DXM doses seem to be more sparing treatment compared with high DXM dose(s), which should be avoided where possible, especially in combination with TMZ.
Cyclic creep, also known as ratcheting, is a progressive accumulation of inelastic strain under cyclic stress-controlled loading. This mechanical effect is of great importance for numerous applications. In engineering practice, phenomenological models of cyclic creep are calibrated against a limited set of macroscopic test data. Since the testing results are prone to systematic and non-systematic experimental errors, the impact of experimental errors on the quality of simulation has to be analysed. A simple inspection procedure is demonstrated and tested. Based on the Monte Carlo computations, it allows for analysis of error propagation through the simulation cycle. The focus of the paper is on the independence of the procedure from the chosen model parametrization. For demonstration purposes, cyclic creep of VT6 alloy is simulated. The corresponding macroscopic constitutive equations are based on the second Ohno-Wang model, combined with refined rule of isotropic hardening. Two different parametrizations are introduced to show that the procedure predicts the same results for both of them.
An S-ring (a Schur ring) is said to be separable with respect to a class of groups K if every algebraic isomorphism from the S-ring in question to an S-ring over a group from K is induced by a combinatorial isomorphism. A finite group is said to be separable with respect to K if every S-ring over this group is separable with respect to K. We provide a complete classification of abelian p-groups separable with respect to the class of abelian groups.
Light field cameras have some advantages over classic cameras in a narrow field of application, such photography, cinematography surveillance and quality control in industry. Light field cameras have larger depth of field, compare to regular camera, but lower spatial resolution along optical axis then binocular system. However, 3D velocity measurements using light field are reasonable alternative to modern 3D PIV measurements.

The nature of light field image requires extra reconstruction step which affects overall accuracy. In this article, light field PTV was compared to Tomo-PIV.

Both techniques were used to measure 3D velocity fields in a turbulent wake past confined cylinder.
This study revealed for the first time the microtexture and crystallographic features of natural polycrystalline diamond, yakutite found in placer deposits in the Siberian Platform, Russia. Yakutite consists of well–sintered nanocrystalline (5–50 nm) diamond and small amount of lonsdaleite showing distinct preferred orientations. Micro–focus X–ray and electron diffractions showed a coaxial relationship between lonsdaleite 100 and diamond 111, suggesting the martensitic formation of yakutite from crystalline graphite. These textural and crystallographic features are well comparable to those of the impact diamonds from the Popigai crater located in the central Siberia and strongly support the idea that yakutite is a product of long–distance outburst from the Popigai crater, which has been inferred merely from the geochemical signatures.
The article reveals the ways of poetical quotation embedding in the cinematic text using the example of the poem My sight, my strength, dims... by Arseny Tarkovsky in the feature film Nostalghia by Andrei Tarkovsky.

The scene from Nostalghia which includes the poem My sight, my strength, dims... is analyzed from the points of view of the main factors of transformation of a poetic text when it is cited. These factors include: the place of the quotation in the structure of the cinematic text, mechanical transformations of the text, background information, the way of the quotation embedding, visual and sound accompaniment.

The analysis shows that the episode when the poem is read is one the key scenes in the film. It reveals different characteristics of the concept of FATHER in the individual worldview of the film director. The main transformation of the text boils down to its translation into Italian. The quotation is embedded into the text via audio channel. As a result of the study we arrive to the following conclusions: 1) Poetic quotations in the film Nostalghia create numerous variants of the image of father interpretation. 2) The translated Italian text Si oscura la vista. La mia forza… preserves the main idea of the poem My sight, my strength, dims... and emphasizes the motives of the lost house and dying. 3) The embedding of the poem mentioned above into the cinematic text of Nostalghia is not plot-driven, unlike the integration of the text As a child I once fell ill. 4) The poetic texts As a child I once fell ill and My sight, my strength, dims... by Arseny Tarkovsky are united in the cinematic text of Nostalghia to create a binary system making the transition from the empirical level of the text to the sacred one.
The transition is important for the spectroscopy of the helium atom because it relates the singlet and triplet parts of the spectrum.

In this paper, the possibility of measuring the forbidden 21S0 – 23S1 transition frequency (1557 nm) of a helium atom by the method of stimulated Raman scattering through the intermediate 23P1 level is demonstrated.
Regeneration-capable flatworms are highly informative research models to study the mechanisms of stem cell regulation, regeneration, and tissue patterning. Transgenesis is a powerful research tool for investigating gene function, but until recently, a transgenesis method was missing in flatworms, hampering their wider adoption in biomedical research.

Here we describe a detailed protocol to create stable transgenic lines of the flatworm M. lignano using random integration of DNA constructs through microinjection into single-cell stage embryos.
Traditional wave kinetics describes the slow evolution of systems with many degrees of freedom to equilibrium via numerous weak non-linear interactions and fails for very important class of dissipative (active) optical systems with cyclic gain and losses, such as lasers with non-linear intracavity dynamics.

Here we introduce a conceptually new class of cyclic wave systems, characterized by non-uniform double-scale dynamics with strong periodic changes of the energy spectrum and slow evolution from cycle to cycle to a statistically steady state. Taking a practically important example—random fibre laser—we show that a model describing such a system is close to integrable non-linear Schrödinger equation and needs a new formalism of wave kinetics, developed here. We derive a non-linear kinetic theory of the laser spectrum, generalizing the seminal linear model of Schawlow and Townes.

Experimental results agree with our theory. The work has implications for describing kinetics of cyclical systems beyond photonics.
Geothermal areas are of great interest for the study of microbial communities. The results of such investigations can be used in a variety of fields (ecology, microbiology, medicine) to answer fundamental questions, as well as those with practical benefits. Uzon caldera is located in the Uzon-Geyser depression that is situated in the centre of the Karym-Semyachin region of the East Kamchatka graben-synclinorium. The microbial communities of Zavarzin spring are well studied; however, its benthic microbial mat has not been previously described. Pyrosequencing of the V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene was used to study the benthic microbial community of the Zavarzin thermal spring (Uzon Caldera, Kamchatka). The community is dominated by bacteria (>95% of all sequences), including thermophilic, chemoorganotrophic Caldiserica (33.0%) and Dictyoglomi (24.8%). The benthic community and the previously examined planktonic community of Zavarzin spring have qualitatively similar, but quantitatively different, compositions. In this study, we performed a metagenomic analysis of the benthic microbial mat of Zavarzin spring. We compared this benthic community to microbial communities found in the water and of an integral probe consisting of water and bottom sediments. Various phylogenetic groups of microorganisms, including potentially new ones, represent the full-fledged trophic system of Zavarzin. A thorough geochemical study of the spring was performed.
In polytene chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster, regions of pericentric heterochromatin coalesce to form a compact chromocenter and are highly underreplicated.

Focusing on study of X chromosome heterochromatin, we demonstrate that loss of either SU(VAR)3-9 histone methyltransferase activity or HP1 protein differentially affects the compaction of different pericentric regions. Using a set of inversions breaking X chromosome heterochromatin in the background of the Su(var)3-9 mutations, we show that distal heterochromatin (blocks h26-h29) is the only one within the chromocenter to form a big 'puff'-like structure. The 'puffed' heterochromatin has not only unique morphology but also very special protein composition as well: (i) it does not bind proteins specific for active chromatin and should therefore be referred to as a pseudopuff and (ii) it strongly associates with heterochromatin-specific proteins SU(VAR)3-7 and SUUR, despite the fact that HP1 and HP2 are depleted particularly from this polytene structure.

The pseudopuff completes replication earlier than when it is compacted as heterochromatin, and underreplication of some DNA sequences within the pseudopuff is strongly suppressed. So, we show that pericentric heterochromatin is heterogeneous in its requirement for SU(VAR)3-9 with respect to the establishment of the condensed state, time of replication, and DNA polytenization.
Uracil-DNA glycosylases are enzymes that excise uracil bases appearing in DNA as a result of cytosine deamination or accidental dUMP incorporation from the dUTP pool. The activity of Family 1 uracil-DNA glycosylase (UNG) activity limits the efficiency of antimetabolite drugs and is essential for virulence in some bacterial and viral infections. Thus, UNG is regarded as a promising target for antitumor, antiviral, antibacterial, and antiprotozoal drugs. Most UNG inhibitors presently developed are based on the uracil base linked to various substituents, yet new pharmacophores are wanted to target a wide range of UNGs.

We have conducted virtual screening of a 1,027,767-ligand library and biochemically screened the best hits for the inhibitory activity against human and vaccinia virus UNG enzymes. Although even the best inhibitors had IC50 ≥ 100 μM, they were highly enriched in a common fragment, tetrahydro-2,4,6-trioxopyrimidinylidene (PyO3). In silico, PyO3 preferably docked into the enzyme's active site, and in kinetic experiments, the inhibition was better consistent with the competitive mechanism. The toxicity of two best inhibitors for human cells was independent of the presence of methotrexate, which is consistent with the hypothesis that dUMP in genomic DNA is less toxic for the cell than strand breaks arising from the massive removal of uracil.

We conclude that PyO3 may be a novel pharmacophore with the potential for development into UNG-targeting agents.
High-resolution Radon transform allows you to separate single and multiple reflected waves due to the increased resolution of the transformation in comparison with the standard approach.

This paper presents a multiple suppression algorithm based on the decomposition of seismic data into wave packets. The algorithm is based on high-resolution Radon transform and Gaussian wave packets transform. Having selected multiples in the Radon region, the task is set to correctly subtract them from the original seismic record. Decomposition into Gaussian wave packets allows adaptive subtraction of multiple reflected waves from a seismic record, including those in interference zones, without losing the target signal.

The algorithm was tested on synthetic and real data. Testing shows effective multiple attenuation comparable to those used in seismic data processing software.
D-glucuronyl C5-epimerase (GLCE) is one of the key enzymes in proteoglycan biosynthesis. However, nothing is known about expression and activity of the protein in cancer. In this study, we investigated GLCE expression in human breast cancer using multipex RT-PCR, QRT-PCR and Western-blot assays. In total, 21 patients without malignancy and 74 patients with breast tumor were investigated. The obtained data showed that in 82-84% of human breast tumors there is either downregulation or loss of D-glucuronyl C5-epimerase mRNA expression and significant decrease of the protein content. In most cases (77%), GLCE expression was decreased also in the normal-appearing tissue surrounding the tumor node but the protein amount was comparable to normal breast tissue. These findings represent the first data about involvement of human D-glucuronyl C5-epimerase in malignant transformation.
This article outlines the primary events related to the history of archaeological studies of findings of the compound bows of ancient peoples (Xiongnu-Xianbei time) in the Altai Mountains. The findings of the horn plates of compound bows detected in previous years in the course of excavations of Aidyraş type archaeological objects explored on the territory of the middle course of the Katun River are researched and analyzed.

As a result of typological analysis, several types of compound bows are singled out among studied findings of horn plates, detected in the course of excavations of male interments at the archaeological funerary burial grounds Aidyraş I and Ulug-Choltukh.

The carried out typological research significantly supplements the previously known history of development of long-range combat weapons of the Altai Mountains in the course of the studied Xiongnu-Xianbei chronological period, right before the Early Middle Ages. The resulting typological classification of compound bows as part of a collection of horn plates findings detected in the course of excavations of the Ulug-Choltukh burial ground, clarifies the specificities and quantity of types of this long-range combat weapon kind among the Aidyraş weapons complex.
In the last decade, a series of high power neutral beam injectors for plasma heating and diagnostics in magnetic fusion experiments has been developed at the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics. In the injectors, the plasma emitter is produced by inductively coupled radio frequency discharge. With these emitters of different size, positive ion hydrogen and deuterium beams with energy up to 60 keV and power up to 1.6 MW can be provided. In the last few years, the negative ion sources with the RF drivers have been developed for the injector with higher energies. This paper presents an overview of the design, parameters and performance of the developed plasma drivers.
Let φP(C6) (respectively, φT(C6)) be the minimum integer k with the property that every 3-polytope (respectively, every plane triangulation) with minimum degree 5 has a 6-cycle with all vertices of degree at most k. In 1999, S. Jendrol' and T. Madaras proved that 10≤φT(C6)≤11. It is also known, due to B. Mohar, R. Škrekovski and H.-J. Voss (2003), that φP(C6)≤107. We prove that φP(C6)=φT(C6)=11.
Within investigating the multiple charge spreading generalizing the Bertaut approach, a set of confined spreading functions with a polynomial behaviour, but defined so as to enhance the rate of convergence of Coulomb series even upon a single spreading, is proposed. It is shown that multiple spreading is ultimately effective especially in the case when the spreading functions of neighbouring point charges overlap. In the cases of a simple exponential and a Gaussian spreading functions the effect of multiplicity of spreading on the rate of convergence is discussed along with an additional optimization of the spreading parameter in dependence on the cut-off parameters of lattice summation. All the effects are demonstrated on a simple model NaCl structure.
Protein–protein interaction is often investigated using quantitative molecular microscopy with Förster resonant energy transfer (FRET).

Here, we combined ‘linear unmixing FRET’ (lux-FRET) with the simultaneous application of a FRET-based biosensor for cAMP to investigate the oligomerization between the 5-HT7 receptor (5-HT7R, also known as HTR7) and the 5-HT1A receptor (5-HT1AR, also known as HTR1A) and its importance for cAMP signaling. By modeling the kinetics of intracellular cAMP level changes in relation to the 5-HT7R:5-HT1AR stoichiometry, we were able to decipher the complex signaling characteristics of endogenous serotonin receptors in cultured hippocampal neurons.

We found that the 5-HT7R not only stimulates cAMP production, but also forms hetero-oligomers with 5-HT1AR, which blocks the inhibitory effect of the latter. 5-HT7R signaling, however, is not affected by this hetero-oligomerization. Our findings indicate that serotonergic signaling is not only modulated by the concentration of an individual receptor but also by its specific interaction with other receptors in endogenous systems. We conclude that the regulated ratio of serotonin receptors in immature and mature neurons may be critically involved in both the onset and response to treatments of psychiatric diseases, such as anxiety and depression.
The image of the Helen in Sapph. Fr. 16 (Neri–Cinti) is analyzed in detail on the basis of the new papyrus fragments which were published by Dirk Obbink (Obbink, 2016a).

According to the results of the comparative analysis, it is concluded that the form of the aoristic active participle from the verb περιέχειν, which is used in Sapph. Fr. 16, refers not only to the vocabulary of Homer, but also to the vocabulary of legal documents (cf.: Hom. Il. XV, 653–654; Hellanic., Fr. 31, 50 Jacoby; IG XII(2), №58, 8–9 etc.).

Thus, we confirm a special significance of the Sapph. Fr. 16, which is a 'program' song of Sappho’s thiasos (cf. Bierl, 2003).
Genetic instability, provoked by exogenous mutagens, is well linked to initiation of cancer. However, even in unstressed cells, DNA undergoes a plethora of spontaneous alterations provoked by its inherent chemical instability and the intracellular milieu. Base excision repair (BER) is the major cellular pathway responsible for repair of these lesions, and as deficiency in BER activity results in DNA damage it has been proposed that it may trigger the development of sporadic cancers. Nevertheless, experimental evidence for this model remains inconsistent and elusive.

Here, we performed a proteomic analysis of BER deficient human cells using stable isotope labelling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC), and demonstrate that BER deficiency, which induces genetic instability, results in dramatic changes in gene expression, resembling changes found in many cancers.

We observed profound alterations in tissue homeostasis, serine biosynthesis, and one-carbon- and amino acid metabolism, all of which have been identified as cancer cell 'hallmarks'. For the first time, this study describes gene expression changes characteristic for cells deficient in repair of endogenous DNA lesions by BER. These expression changes resemble those observed in cancer cells, suggesting that genetically unstable BER deficient cells may be a source of pre-cancerous cells.