Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene has been under close investigation since the discovery of its high impact on the obesity status in 2007 by a range of publications. Recent report on its implication in adipocytes underscored its molecular and functional mechanics in pathology. Still, the population specific features of the locus structure have not been approached in detail.

We analyzed the population specific haplotype profiles of FTO genomic locus identified by Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS) for the high obesity risk by examining eighteen 1000G populations from 4 continental groups. The GWAS SNPs cluster is located in the FTO gene intron 1 spanning around 70 kb. We reconstructed the ancestral state of the locus, which comprised low-risk major allele found in all populations, and two minor risk-associated alleles, each one specific for African and European populations, correspondingly.

The locus structure and its allele frequency distribution underscore the high risk allele frequency specifically for the European population. South Asian populations have the second highest frequency of risk alleles, while East Asian populations have the lowest. African population-specific minor allele was only partially risk-associated. All of the GWAS SNPs considered are manifested by low risk alleles as reference (major) ones (p > 0.5) in each of the continental groups. Strikingly, rs1421085, recently reported as a causal SNP, was found to be monomorphic in ancestral (African) populations, implying possible selection sweep in the course of its rapid fixation, as reported previously. The observations underscore varying FTO -linked risk in the manifestation of population specific epidemiology of genetically bound obesity. The results imply that the FTO locus is one of the major genetic determinants for obesity risk from GWAS SNPs set.
In this report our main attention is focused on the problems which can be solved at Photon Colliders naturally but are hardly solved at LHC and e^+e^- Linear Collider: The New Physics - new particles, new interactions, supersymmetry, Dirac monopole, extra dimensions... SM and the case of a SM--like scenario - EWSB, Higgs bosons, anomalies in interactions of gauge bosons, QCD, Pomeron and odderon... By-product: Production of light Goldstone particles from region of e\toγconversion.
Understanding how repeated stress affects metabolic and physiological functions in the long run is of crucial importance for evaluating anthropogenic pressure on the environment.

We investigated fertility, longevity and metabolism in D. melanogaster females exposed to short-term heat stress (38 °C, 1 h) repeated daily or weekly. The analysis of differentially expressed genes in the fat bodies and adjacent tissues of researched groups with the use of RNA-Seq profiling revealed changes in signal pathways related to proteolysis/digestion, heat shock protein 23, and in the tightly linked stress-inducible humoral factor Turandot gene network.

Daily stress was shown to cause a significant decrease in both fertility and longevity, as well as in body mass and triglyceride (fat) content, but a significant increase in trehalose and glucose content. Weekly stress did not affect longevity and carbohydrate metabolism but resulted in a significant decrease in body mass and fat content. Weekly stress did not affect the total level of fertility, despite sharp fertility drops on the exact days of stressing. However, stressing insects weekly, only in the first two weeks after eclosion, caused a significant increase in the total level of fertility.
Landau-Yang theorem is sometimes formulated as a selection rule forbidding two real (that is, non-virtual) photons with zero total momentum to be in the state of the total angular momentum J=1.

In this paper we discuss whether the theorem itself and this particular formulation can be extended to a pair of two twisted photons, which carry orbital angular momentum with respect to their propagation direction. We point out possible sources of confusion, which may arise both from the unusual features of twisted photons and from the fact that usual proofs of the Landau-Yang theorem operate in the center of motion reference frame, which, strictly speaking, exists only for plane waves. We show with an explicit calculation that a pair of twisted photons does have a non-zero overlap with the J=1 state.

What is actually forbidden is production of a spin-1 particle by such a photon pair, and in this formulation the Landau-Yang theorem is rock-solid. Although both the twisted photon pair and the spin-1 particle can exist in the J=1 state, these two systems just cannot be coupled in a gauge-invariant and Lorentz invariant manner respecting Bose symmetry.
Fiber lasers operating via Raman gain or based on rare‐earth‐doped active fibers are widely used as sources of CW radiation. However, these lasers are only quasi‐CW: their intensity fluctuates strongly on short time scales.

Here the framework of the complex Ginzburg–Landau equations, which are well known as an efficient model of mode‐locked fiber lasers, is applied for the description of quasi‐CW fiber lasers. The vector Ginzburg–Landau model of a Raman fiber laser describes the experimentally observed turbulent‐like intensity dynamics, as well as polarization rogue waves.

Our results open debates about the common underlying physics of operation of very different laser types – quasi‐CW lasers and passively mode‐locked lasers.
In this paper, classes of oil medium that ensure the methane hydrate self-preservation were identified. The following compounds and substances were studied: asphaltenes, resins, asphaltene-resin-paraffin deposits (ARPD), multiwall carbon nanotubes, meloxicam (C14H13N3O4S2), kinetic hydrate inhibitors (KHI) Luvicap 55W (copolymer of N-vinylcaprolactam and N-vinylpyrrolidone) and Luvicap EG (poly(N-vinylcaprolactam)), refined petroleum products (initial and waste) and 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (antioxidant fuel additive AO-29). Isolated oil components had practically no effect on the decomposition process of methane hydrate. It was observed, that the presence of surface-active additives in refined petroleum products leads to suppression of the investigated effect (self-preservation). It seems to be that in the case of used engine oils, the degree of manifestation of methane hydrate self-preservation effect depends on the duration of its operation (mileage). The obtained results can be the basis of recycling of ARPD and hazardous waste petroleum products in technologies for storage/transportation of natural gas.
Mathematical problems and their solutions from the fourth International Students’ Olympiad in cryptography (NSUCRYPTO-2017) are presented.

We consider problems related to attacks on ciphers and hash functions, cryptographic Boolean functions, linear branch numbers, addition chains, and error correction codes, among others.

We discuss several open problems involving the algebraic structures of cryptographic functions, useful proof-of-work algorithms, the Boolean hidden shift problem, and quantum computing.
The local characteristics of the gas-liquid two-phase flow in rectangular microchannels 420 × 280 μm and 395 × 205 μm with T-shaped mixer inlet were experimentally investigated in this work. Visualization of flow regimes and measurement of local characteristics were carried out using a high-speed video camera Optronis CX600x2 and laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) method. Deionized water and ethanol were used as the liquid phase, and nitrogen - as the gas phase. The Rhodamine 6G dye was added to the liquid. The location of the microchannel in space (horizontal, vertical) was changed. The profiles of the liquid film along the long side of the microchannel were obtained, the local film thickness was measured in the channel`s central section for the elongated bubble flow and the transition flow of the deionized water-nitrogen mixture. The unevenness of liquid film thickness at the channel cross-section and along the bubble was experimentally shown. The temporal dynamics of two-phase flow for the ethanol-nitrogen mixture was shown. It was found that most of the liquid flows in the meniscus on the short side of the microchannel for the present gas and liquid flow rates.
No previously reported structural phase transitions in L-alanine and DL-alanine have been observed up to 12.3 and 8.3 GPa, respectively. In both compounds at about 1.5-2 GPa (close to the pressure of the previously reported phase transition in L-alanine into a tetragonal phase, 2.3 GPa [1], [2]), the cell parameters a and b become accidentally equal to each other, but without a change in the space group symmetry. Neither could be a polymorphic transformation in L-alanine from tetragonal into a monoclinic phase at about 9 GPa confirmed, the changes in the cell parameters till the highest measured pressures being continuous and the cell metrics remaining orthorhombic.

The effect of pressure on L-alanine and DL-alanine has been studied by X-ray powder diffraction, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and optical microscopy. Our Raman experiments confirmed the effects described previously for the spectra of L-alanine [1] and DL-alanine [3], but we have shown that the spectral changes are continuous and are not related to structural phase transitions. During a slow decompression of L-alanine single crystal (in a methanol-ethanol 4:1 mixture as a pressure-transmitting liquid) from about 6 GPa, new phases crystallized in the diamond anvil cell in the pressure range between 0.8-4.7 GPa, which recrystallized into L-alanine below 0.8 GPa.

These previously unknown phases were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy and seem to be a solvate of L-alanine.
Spin chemistry and spintronics developed independently and with different terminology. Until now, the interaction between the two fields has been very limited. In this review, we compile the two "languages" in an effort to enhance communication. We expect that knowledge of spin chemistry will accelerate progress in spintronics.
The mechanism of the four-quark production of the light scalar isovector four-quark state ${a}_{0}(980)$ in the $D\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\eta}\ensuremath{\pi}{e}^{+}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{e}$ decays is discussed.

It is shown that the characteristic features of the shape of the $\ensuremath{\eta}\ensuremath{\pi}$ mass spectra expected in our scheme

can serve as the indicator of the production mechanism and internal structure of the ${a}_{0}(980)$ resonance.
Despite their economic value, sheep remain relatively poorly studied animals in terms of the number of known loci and genes associated with commercially important traits. This gap in our knowledge can be filled in by performing new genome-wide association studies (GWAS) or by re-analyzing previously documented data using novel powerful statistical methods.

This study is focused on the search for new loci associated with meat productivity and carcass traits in sheep. With a multivariate approach applied to publicly available GWAS results, we identified eight novel loci associated with the meat productivity and carcass traits in sheep. Using an in silico follow-up approach, we prioritized 13 genes in these loci.

One of eight novel loci near the FAM3C and WNT16 genes has been replicated in an independent sample of Russian sheep populations (N = 108). The novel loci were added to our regularly updated database increasing the number of known loci to more than 140.
Performing comparison with traditional back-propagation based nonlinear compensation of 2 steps-per-span and 2 samples-per-symbol

We investigate the application of dynamic deep neural networks for nonlinear equalization in long haul transmission systems. Through extensive numerical analysis we identify their optimum dimensions and calculate their computational complexity as a function of system length

we demonstrate equivalent mitigation performance at significantly lower computational cost
Hyperpolarisationsverstärkte Magnetresonanztomographie kann zur Untersuchung biomolekularer Prozesse im Körper verwendet werden, erfordert aber die Verwendung von Hetero‐Kernen wie 13 C, 15 N oder 129 Xe.

Hier stellen wir eine neue Art der Hyperpolarisierten Protonen Bildgebung vor, bei der die hyperpolarisierte Spinordnung in einem nicht magnetischen und langlebigen korrelierten (Singulett‐) Zustand eingeschlossen ist und nur durch eine spezifische biochemische Reaktion für die Bildgebung freigesetzt wird. In dieser Arbeit erzeugen wir hyperpolarisiertes Fumarat durch chemische Reaktion eines Eduktes mit para‐angereichertem Wasserstoffgas. Der Singulettzustand der Fumarat Protonen wird als Antiphasen‐NMR‐Signale durch enzymatische Umwandlung zu Malat in D 2 O freigesetzt. Anhand dieses Modellsystems zeigen wir zwei Pulssequenzen, um die NMR‐Signale für die Bildgebung zu rephasieren und die Hintergrundsignale von Wasser zu unterdrücken.

Die hier vorgestellte hyperpolarisationsverstärkte Protonen Bildgebungstechnik ermöglicht eine hyperpolarisierte Bildgebung, ohne dass hierfür Hetero‐Kerne mit ihrer niedrigen natürlichen Häufigkeit und geringen Empfindlichkeit benötigt werden.
The study of physical processes dominating in submerged turbulent jets impinging on a wall is an important task because this configuration is utilized in various applications. The efficiency of heat transfer in this configuration has been a subject of a long-term study.

Active flow control technique and the optimization of the control signal can be applied to exploit inherent flow properties to further improve the heat transfer from the wall in impingent jets. In this paper, IR-thermography and time-resolved PIV measurements are used for the diagnostics of wall temperature fields and large-scale vortex dynamics under external flow rate forcing control.

It is found that the low-frequency forcing (for the Strouhal number St = 0.6) increases integral temperature on the wall as compared to the unforced case and the high-frequency forcing (St = 0.9).
Results of thermodynamic calculations of the interactions of radon waters from the Zaeltsovsky field with the minerals of host rocks are presented for the first time.

It was established that waters under study are supersaturated with respect to calcite and siderite, and to a smaller extent with respect to magnesite and dolomite. No saturation of radon waters with respect to primary aluminosilicate minerals (albite, anortite, microcline, ferrosilite) is observed.

The points are located in the fields of stability of clayey minerals (kaolinite, Ca- and Mg-montmorillonite, Fe-sepiolite), gibbsite and leptochlorite. In the evolution of the water-rock system, they correspond to the siallite type of interaction with rocks.
Background In plant roots, auxin is critical for patterning and morphogenesis. It regulates cell elongation and division, the development and maintenance of root apical meristems, and other processes. In Arabidopsis , auxin distribution along the central root axis has several maxima: in the root tip, in the basal meristem and at the shoot/root junction. The distal maximum in the root tip maintains the stem cell niche. Proximal maxima may trigger lateral or adventitious root initiation. Results We propose a reflected flow mechanism for the formation of the auxin maximum in the root apical meristem. The mechanism is based on auxin's known activation and inhibition of expressed PIN family auxin carriers at low and high auxin levels, respectively. Simulations showed that these regulatory interactions are sufficient for self-organization of the auxin distribution pattern along the central root axis under varying conditions. The mathematical model was extended with rules for discontinuous cell dynamics so that cell divisions were also governed by auxin, and by another morphogen Division Factor which combines the actions of cytokinin and ethylene on cell division in the root. The positional information specified by the gradients of these two morphogens is able to explain root patterning along the central root axis. Conclusion We present here a plausible mechanism for auxin patterning along the developing root, that may provide for self-organization of the distal auxin maximum when the reverse fountain has not yet been formed or has been disrupted. In addition, the proximal maxima are formed under the reflected flow mechanism in response to periods of increasing auxin flow from the growing shoot. These events may predetermine lateral root initiation in a rhyzotactic pattern. Another outcome of the reflected flow mechanism - the predominance of lateral or adventitious roots in different plant species - may be based on the different efficiencies with which auxin inhibits its own transport in different species, thereby distinguishing two main types of plant root architecture: taproot vs. fibrous.
Since December 2010 the CMD-3 and SND detectors detectors collect data at the VEPP-2000 electron-positron collider. In 2013-2015 the injection facility of the collider has undergone an upgrade of the injection system. The new BINP injection complex has been connected to the VEPP-2000 collider, so the restrictions connected to the lack of positrons and limited beam energy transfer do not apply any more. The collider luminosity in whole energy range is restricted now only by beam-beam effects. VEPP-2000 collider started to collect data with two detectors at 2016 year. The collected data sample since 2010 corresponds more than 100 pb -1 of integrated luminosity per detector in the c.m. energy between 0.32 and 2GeV. We will report here results of analysis of various hadronic cross sections from detectors both published and preliminary. These measurements are important by themselves and also because of the implications for anomaly of the magnetic moment of a muon (g-2) discrepancy.
Camptothecin derivatives are among the most common drugs used in the treatment of cancer. The mechanism of action of these drugs is associated with inhibiting topoisomerase 1 (Top1), an enzyme that plays an important role in cell division processes. However, there is a number of problems related to this type of therapy, particularly an ability of DNA repair system to remove damage caused by antitumor drugs. Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (Tdp1) is considered to play a key role in the repair of DNA lesions, thus preventing cancer cell death. Therefore, developing Tdp1 inhibitors is of great interest in modern medicinal chemistry. Pharmacophore groups have found wide application in medicinal chemistry. On the other hand, modification of natural metabolites is one of the most fruitful methods for the development of potential drugs. In an attempt to combine these approaches, we have synthesized adamantanecarbonylthiosemicarbazide that has been transformed into the corresponding 1,3,4-thiadiazole and 1,2,4-triazole derivatives under alkaline and acidic conditions respectively, followed by the modification of heterocyclic compounds with monoterpenoid residues. All the compounds were found to exhibit inhibitory activity against Tdp1 at micromolar concentrations. Among thiadiazoles, the amides of 3,7-dimethyloctanoic or (-)-myrtenic acids demonstrated the most pronounced activity, IC50 being 0.35±0.05 and 0.45±0.09 μM, respectively. As for triazoles, the best IC50 values were found for compounds containing (-)-nopol (0.57±0.14 μM) and 3,7-dimethyloctanol (0.54±0.09 μM) moieties. It is worth noting that 1,3,4-thiadiazoles tended to demonstrate higher activity compared to 1,2,4-triazoles. This work is supported by the Russian Science Foundation under grant 19-13-00040.
The 2nd TAIGA imaging air Cherenkov telescope (IACT) has successfully been put into operation in the Tunka Valley in fall 2020. Currently three more telescopes are under construction and completion.

The ability to use the telescopes in the so-called stereo mode of image analysis by taking into account the unusually large distance between them (from 320 m to 500 m), well exceeding the inter-telescope distances in conventional IACT stereo systems, is being explored and discussed.

The results of the dedicated Monte Carlo are compared with the experiment data from the 1st and the 2nd TAIGA-IACT.
Embryo production is a routine procedure in several species. However, in felids, the effectiveness of this approach is far behind that in the majority of laboratory species. The development of a suitable environment starts with the proper composition of culture media. Therefore, for the improvement of assisted reproduction techniques and their outcome in cats, this is an urgent task.

As the addition of insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I, IGF-II) or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was beneficial in other mammalian species, this study aims to check whether these components, combined with other factors (such as type of fertilisation or type of culture) can provide a benefit in the felid culture system in current use. Thus, these supplements, in different concentrations and combinations, were merged with the use of two fertilisation techniques and randomly assigned to single or group culturing.

The results showed that the addition of IGF-I and/or GM-CSF produced an increase in morula and blastocyst rate in a single culture system. In particular, the supplementation with 20 ng/mL of IGF-I incremented the maturation rate by 10% and significantly increased the morula and blastocyst rates in single culturing. This result is especially remarkable for wild felids, where only a few oocytes and/or embryos are available.
Sudden cardiac death (SCD) continues to be a relevant and significant problem in modern medicine. Modern trends in medicine are associated with the widespread introduction of personalized, preventive strategies aimed at correcting risk factors for pathology, identifying predispositions to it and conducting prevention before the development of clinical symptoms.

Nowadays, a huge number of studies of the molecular genetic basis of SCD are conducted. Studies of case-control design using routine methods of molecular genetic research continue to be popular. Research using modern, highly effective methods (sequencing of the next generation (NGS), full-genome associative studies (GWAS)) have become more frequent.

The molecular genetic markers of SCD found in such studies can be used effectively to diagnose a predisposition to SCD and prevent its development in persons with known and unknown cardiac pathology.