Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
A bstract The decay mode $ B_s^0 \to D_s^{ \mp }{K^{\pm }} $ allows for one of the theoretically cleanest measurements of the CKM angle γ through the study of time-dependent CP violation. This paper reports a measurement of its branching fraction relative to the Cabibbo-favoured mode $ B_s^0 \to D_s^{ - }{\pi^{ + }} $ based on a data sample corresponding to 0.37 fb −1 of proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt {s} = 7\;{\text{TeV}} $ collected in 2011 with the LHCb detector. In addition, the ratio of B meson production fractions f s /f d , determined from semileptonic decays, together with the known branching fraction of the control channel B 0 → D − π + , is used to perform an absolute measurement of the branching fractions: $ \begin{gathered} \mathcal{B}\left( {B_s^0 \to D_s^{ - }{\pi^{ + }}} \right) = \left( {2.95\pm 0.05\pm 0.17_{{ - 0.22}}^{{ + 0.18}}} \right) \times {10^{{ - 3}}}, \hfill \\ \mathcal{B}\left( {B_s^0 \to D_s^{ \mp }{K^{\pm }}} \right) = \left( {1.90\pm 0.12\pm 0.13_{{ - 0.14}}^{{ + 0.12}}} \right) \times {10^{{ - 4}}}, \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $ where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second the experimental systematic uncertainty, and the third the uncertainty due to f s /f d .
Dark sectors charged under a new Abelian interaction have recently received much attention in the context of dark matter models. These models introduce a light new mediator, the so-called dark photon (A′), connecting the dark sector to the standard model.

We present a search for a dark photon in the reaction e+e−→γA′, A′→e+e−, μ+μ− using 514 fb−1 of data collected with the BABAR detector.

We observe no statistically significant deviations from the standard model predictions, and we set 90% confidence level upper limits on the mixing strength between the photon and dark photon at the level of 10−4−10−3 for dark photon masses in the range 0.02–10.2 GeV. We further constrain the range of the parameter space favored by interpretations of the discrepancy between the calculated and measured anomalous magnetic moment of the muon.
A suspended semiconductor quantum ring interferometer based on a GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure with a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) is created and experimentally studied.

The electron interference in suspended 2DEG is observed. The interference manifests itself as the Aharonov-Bohm oscillations of the interferometer magnetoresistance, clearly observed before as well as after suspension.

The amplitude of the oscillations remains almost unchanged after suspension.
One important syndrome of psychiatric disorders in humans is catalepsy.

Here, we created mice with different predispositions to catalepsy and analysed their pharmacological and behavioural properties.Two mouse lines, B6-M76C and B6-M76B, were created by transfer of the main locus of catalepsy containing the 5-HT1A receptor gene to the C57BL/6 genetic background. Behaviour, brain morphology, expression of key components of the serotoninergic system, and pharmacological responses to acute and chronic stimulation of the 5-HT1A receptor were compared.B6-M76B mice were not cataleptic, whereas 14% of B6-M76C mice demonstrated catalepsy and decreased depressive-like behaviour. Acute administration of the 5-HT1A receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT resulted in dose-dependent hypothermia and in decreased locomotion in both lines. Chronic 8-OH-DPAT administration abolished the 5-HT1A receptor-mediated hypothermic response in B6-M76C mice and increased locomotor activity in B6-M76B mice. In addition, 5-HT metabolism was significantly reduced in the hippocampus of B6-M76C mice, and this effect was accompanied by an increased expression of the 5-HT1A receptor.

Our findings indicate that transfer of the main locus of hereditary catalepsy containing the 5-HT1A receptor from CBA mice to the C57BL/6 genetic background led to increased postsynaptic and decreased presynaptic functional responses of the 5-HT1A receptor. This characteristic establishes the B6-M76C line as an attractive model for the pharmacological screening of 5-HT1A receptor-related drugs specifically acting on either pre- or postsynaptic receptors.
Since the human genome was sequenced in draft, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis has become one of the keynote fields of bioinformatics. We have developed an integrated database-tools system, rSNP_Guide (http://wwwmgs.bionet.nsc.ru/mgs/systems/rsnp/), devoted to prediction of transcription factor (TF) binding sites, alterations of which could be associated with disease phenotype. By inputting data on alterations in DNA sequence and in DNA binding pattern of an unknown TF, rSNP_Guide searches for a known TF with alterations in the recognition score calculated on the basis of TF site's sequence and consistent with the input alterations in DNA binding to the unknown TF. Our system has been tested on many relationships between known TF sites and diseases, as well as on site-directed mutagenesis data. Experimental verification of rSNP_Guide system was made on functionally important SNPs in human TDO2and mouse K-ras genes. Additional examples of analysis are reported involving variants in the human γA-globin (HBG1), hsp70(HSPA1A), and Factor IX (F9) gene promoters. Hum Mutat 20:239–248, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Deriving necessary and sufficient conditions for a scalar potential to be bounded from below (BFB) is a difficult task beyond the simplest cases. Recently, a set of BFB conditions was proposed for the $A_4$-invariant three-Higgs-doublet model (3HDM). However, that set of conditions relied on numerical scan, and a complete analytic proof was lacking.

We bypass technically challenging direct algebraic computations with a novel technique that relies on an auxiliary function, which is related to the Higgs potential but which is easier to analyze.

Here, we fill this gap. We prove that the conjectured BFB conditions are indeed necessary and sufficient within the neutral Higgs subspace. This technique may finally be sufficient to tackle the more involved case of the original Weinberg's 3HDM model.
The problem on linear stability of stationary spatial flows of an inviscid compressible fluid entirely occupying a certain volume with quiescent solid impenetrable boundary in absence of external mass forces is studied. Applying the direct Lyapunov method, such flows are proved to be absolutely unstable under small three-dimensional (3D) perturbations. Constructive conditions for linear practical instability are obtained. The a priori exponential lower estimate for the growth of the considered perturbations in time is found.
Free fatty acids (FFAs) are rapidly mobilized by ACTH and have been shown to be potent endogenous modulators of steroid-protein interactions. We increased FFA in lagomorphs by ACTH and then separated the transient increase in glucocorticoid binding capacity of plasma into that accounted for by changes in binding to albumin and to corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG). Sequential injections of dexamethasone and ACTH into both snowshoe hares and laboratory rabbits resulted in the rapid mobilization of FFA only after the ACTH injection. The maximum corticosteroid binding capacity increase paralleled that of the FFA increase in both species. In rabbits, CBG levels remained constant over the duration of the experiment. Corticosterone binding by rabbit albumin increased in a dose-dependent fashion in response to increases in FFA (oleic and linoleic acid) concentrations. Finally, by stimulating FFA release in snowshoe hares with ACTH and separating the increase in corticosteroid binding capacity through selective denaturing of CBG by heat, we determined that the increase in plasma binding capacity was a response to changes in binding by albumin, not CBG. Thus FFA released in response to stressors in lagomorphs may effect short-term increases in steroid binding.
Synthesis of nanoparticles has been realized by thermal decomposition of complex organometallic compounds in the detonation front of explosives, where the temperature reaches several thousand degrees.

The low concentration of metals in the total mass of the charge leads to the formation of single non-agglomerated nanoparticles deposited on detonation carbon.

Depending on the conditions, the rounded nanosized particles of Ni, Ag, Au and Pd are formed according to the data of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy.
We evaluate the impact factor of the transition γ*→ρT taking into account the twist 3 contributions. We show that a gauge invariant expression is obtained with the help of QCD equations of motion. Our results are free of end‐point singularities. This opens the way to a consistent treatment of factorization for exclusive processes with a transversally polarized vector meson.
Mutations in the GJB2 gene encoding transmembrane protein connexin 26 (Cx26) are the most common cause for hearing loss worldwide. Cx26 plays a crucial role in the ionic and metabolic homeostasis in the inner ear, indispensable for normal hearing process. Different pathogenic mutations in the GJB2 gene can affect all stages of the Cx26 life cycle and result in nonsyndromic autosomal recessive (DFNB1) or dominant (DFNA3) deafness and syndromes associating hearing loss with skin disorders.

This study aims to elucidate the functional consequences of a rare GJB2 variant c.516G>C (p.Trp172Cys) found with high frequency in deaf patients from indigenous populations of Southern Siberia (Russia). The substitution c.516G>C leads to the replacement of tryptophan at a conserved amino acid position 172 with cysteine (p.Trp172Cys) in the second extracellular loop of Cx26 protein. We analyzed the subcellular localization of mutant Cx26-p.Trp172Cys protein by immunocytochemistry and the hemichannels permeability by dye loading assay. The GJB2 knockout HeLa cell line has been generated using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing tool. Subsequently, the HeLa transgenic cell lines stably expressing different GJB2 variants (wild type and mutations associated with hearing loss) were established based on knockout cells and used for comparative functional analysis.

The impaired trafficking of mutant Cx26-p.Trp172Cys protein to the plasma membrane and reduced hemichannels permeability support the pathogenic effect of the c.516G>C (p.Trp172Cys) variant and its association with nonsyndromic hearing loss. Our data contribute to a better understanding of the role of mutations in the second extracellular loop of Cx26 protein in pathogenesis of deafness.
Excess of probabilities of the elastic processes over the inelastic ones is a common feature of the resonance phenomena described in the framework of the random matrix theory.This effect is quantitatively characterized by the elastic enhancement factor F (β) that is the typical ratio of elastic and inelastic cross-sections.Being measured experimentally, this quantity can supply us with information on specific features of the dynamics of the intermediate complicated open system.We discuss properties of the enhancement factor in a wide scope from mesoscopic systems to macroscopic analogue electromagnetic resonators and demonstrate essential qualitative distinction between the elastic enhancement factor's peculiarities in these two cases.Complete analytical solution is found for the case of systems without time-reversal symmetry and only a few open equivalent scattering channels.
High-resolution chromosome analysis of eight Palaearctic and Oriental species of white-toothed shrews reveals almost complete chromosomal homology between the karyotypes studied, and extensive G-band homology is demonstrated even between species of the genera Crocidura and Suncus. Robertsonian translocations, tandem fusions, fissions, whole-arm reciprocal translocations, centromeric shifts, heterochromatin additions, and inversions are identified as the main mechanisms of chromosomal evolution. The evolutionary relationships of the Eurasian crocidurines under study are reconstructed and a hypothetical ancestral karyotype with 44 chromosomes is proposed. Chromosomenphylogenie von einigen Weißzahnspitzmäusen der Gattung Crocidura und Suncus Bei acht verschiedenen paläarktischen und orientalischen Arten der Weißzahnspitzmäuse ergibt eine hochauflösende Chromosomenanalyse eine fast vollständige Chromosomenhomologie zwischen den untersuchten Arten. Eine deutliche G-Band-Homologie findet sich sogar zwischen den beiden Gattungen Crocidura und Suncus. Bei der Evolution der Chromosomen haben vorwiegend Robertsonsche Translokationen, Tandemfusionen, Fissionen und eine Vermehrung des Heterochromatin sowie auch Inversionen stattgefunden. Die Homologien und die Identifikation von konservierten Abschnitten des Karyotyps erlauben es, die phylogenetischen Beziehungen zwischen den untersuchten Arten der Crocidurinae zu rekonstruieren. Es wird ein ursprünglicher, hypothetischer Karyotyp mit 44 Chromosomen angenommen.
We study connections between four types of modal operators – necessity, possibility, un-necessity and impossibility – over intuitionitstic logic in terms of compositions of these modal operators with intuitionistic negation.

We investigate which basic compositions, i.e. compositions of the form ¬δ, δ¬ or ¬δ¬, yield modal operators of the same type over intuitionistic logic as over classical logic. We say that such compositions behave classically.

We study which modal properties correspond to each basic compositions behaving classically over intuitionistic logic and also prove that KC constitutes the smallest superintuitionistic logic over which all basic compositions behave classically.
The results of experimental investigations of the influence of distributed suction through a finely perforated surface on the spatial development of perturbations of the straight wing boundary layer at the nonlinear stage of its evolution are presented in this article.

A spectral analysis of disturbances showed a decrease in the intensity of high-frequency fluctuations in a narrow frequency band by two orders of magnitude for natural and forced disturbances generated by an external acoustic field.

It was found that distributed suction reduces the intensity of integral pulsations for natural disturbances by 90 times. It was found that the distributed suction affects the average flow, namely, when the suction is on, the turbulent state of the boundary layer is eliminated, its separation near the trailing edge of the wing and the laminar flow is defined in the boundary layer.
While previous research suggested several impactful predictors of ethnic outgroup aggression, such as intergroup contact and nationalism, no attempt has been made to synthesize all these constructs into a single cross-cultural study.

Building on existing research, this pilot study is the first to assess a refined framework where we tested a proposed mediation model according to nationalism and emotion regulation mediate the relationship between intergroup contact, susceptibility to persuasion, and intergroup anxiety on the one hand and ethnic outgroup aggression on the other hand within a cross-cultural sample. An online questionnaire was distributed using convenience sampling among 2482 students with an ethnic majority background living and studying in ten (European) countries. Multigroup path analysis supported the larger part of the hypothesized model where we found that emotion regulation partially mediated the relationship between susceptibility to persuasion as a predictor and aggression as an outcome.

As expected, we found that the higher the susceptibility to persuasion, the higher the emotion regulation, and the higher the regulation, the lower the aggression in all countries. Our pilot study provided preliminary evidence that emotion regulation, nationalism and susceptibility to persuasion are critical for the understanding of ethnic outgroup aggression in ethnically diverse societies.
Background: C-reactive protein (CRP) is a key laboratory biomarker for anti-inflammatory treatment initiation. Unfortunately, biochemical blood analyzers are not always easily accessible in medical institutions located far from major regional health facilities. Aim: To develop an approach for inflammatory status estimation based on blood test results in patients with COVID-19 in cases with limited laboratory equipment availability. Methods: The present retrospective study included 423 patients (male 54.6%; female 45.4%; mean age 59.1 years) receiving hospital treatment due to COVID-19 in Medical Research and Educational Center of Lomonosov Moscow State University from April 21st to June 13th 2020. All patients donated blood for full biochemistry and hematology testing and underwent chest computer tomography (CT). Results: CRP levels (60 mg/L) qualitative estimation model was developed based on hematologic test results. It included erythrocyte sedimentation rate and neutrophils to lymphocytes ratio. According to the results of Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis present model was characterized by sensitivity of 70.2%, specificity of 74.6%, and area under the ROC-curve of 0.781. Comparison of key clinical parameters reflecting COVID-19 severity, such as length of hospitalization, lung damage at CT (hospital admission and discharge), revealed statistically significant difference between groups with routinely measured CRP levels 60 mg/L and 60 mg/L for all the above-mentioned parameters (p 0.05). These differences remained significant when measured CRP levels were substituted with estimated CRP values, indicating interchangeability of these approaches to CRP levels determination, regarding clinically important parameters. Conclusions: Presented model for inflammatory status estimation based on hematologic test results might be used to overcome clinical challenges in cases with limited laboratory equipment availability.
One of the ways of ensuring information security are intrusion detection systems (IDS). IDS are used to detect malicious activity on the network. The standard approach to the detection of attacks it is looking for specific patterns, such as byte sequences in network traffic, or known malicious instruction sequences used by malware. This approach is highly efficient, but it does not able to detect the attacks without patterns. Modern approaches to detection of attacks use deep learning.

The purpose of this work was to explore the possibility of building a universal classifier of network traffic based on a deep neural network. For this, a recurrent autoencoder was trained on TCP packets from the CICIDS2017 dataset. During training the neural network was a model in which the expected vector was set the same as the original one. And learning was on normal traffic. The main idea was that a recurrent autoencoder trained in this way should recover anomalous traffic with a high loss. The TCP package is considered malicious if the recovery loss is above the threshold. However, the accuracy of recovering normal TCP packets was low due to the insufficient model capacity and the lack of the suitable representation learning method. After the results analyzing, we proposed an approach that can improve accuracy of detection for some attacks. Based on this approach, the VAEGAN network was trained on normal network flows from CICIDS2017. The VAEGAN was used to detect malicious network flows: to calculate the anomaly score for flow; if score is above the threshold – the flow is malicious.

The VAEGAN network showed a high percentage of attacks detection and the F-score value – 0.933.
We numerically investigate pairwise collisions of solitary wave structures on the surface of deep water—breathers. These breathers are spatially localised coherent groups of surface gravity waves which propagate so that their envelopes are stable and demonstrate weak oscillations. We perform numerical simulations of breather mutual collisions by using fully nonlinear equations for the potential flow of ideal incompressible fluid with a free surface written in conformal variables. The breather collisions are inelastic. However, the breathers can still propagate as stable localised wave groups after the interaction. To generate initial conditions in the form of separate breathers we use the reduced model—the Zakharov equation. We present an explicit expression for the four-wave interaction coefficient and third order accuracy formulas to recover physical variables in the Zakharov model. The suggested procedure allows the generation of breathers of controlled phase which propagate stably in the fully nonlinear model, demonstrating only minor radiation of incoherent waves. We perform a detailed study of breather collision dynamics depending on their relative phase. In 2018 Kachulin and Gelash predicted new effects of breather interactions using the Dyachenko–Zakharov equation. Here we show that all these effects can be observed in the fully nonlinear model. Namely, we report that the relative phase controls the process of energy exchange between breathers, level of energy loses, and space positions of breathers after the collision.
In the last third of the 18th century, children's literature in Russia was formed as an independent direction with its special goals, and the basis for further search for specific methods of children's book design, including educational ones, was laid. In the first quarter of the 19th century, the children's book had a typical European visual design and continued the trends inherited from the 18th century: translations, borrowings, and revised texts in publications often copied illustrations rather than made new ones.

This article analyses the transition period in the history of illustrating children's educational books on the material of Russian-language publications. It examines the period in which the function of an intermedial representation gradually develops from emblematic to encyclopedic and narrative-figurative images. The integration of cognitive and didactic functions in the Russian-language children's book of the 18th century resulted in a mix of different principles of illustration in one publication.

The children's book of the studied period tends to integrate all these ways. While the emblem as an independent intermedial genre degrades, certain elements of the emblematic tradition are actively borrowed by new forms of publications. The emblem gives the European book of modern times the most important intermedial tools for displaying universal coherence, the world as a system. The change of the epochs leads to an inevitable blurring of the meaning of the emblematic sign.
We consider two-machine routing open shop problem on a tree. In this problem a transportation network with a tree-like structure is given, and each node contains some jobs to be processed by two mobile machines. Machines are initially located in the predefined node called the depot, have to traverse the network to perform their operations on each job (and each job has to be processed by both machines in arbitrary order), and machines have to return to the depot after performing all the operations. The goal is to construct a feasible schedule for machines to process all the jobs and to return to the depot in shortest time possible. This problem is known to be NP-hard even in the case when the transportation network consists of just two nodes.

We propose an instance reduction procedure which allows to transform any instance of the problem to a simplified instance on a chain with limited number of jobs. The reduction considered preserves the standard lower bound on the optimum. We describe four possible outcomes of this procedure and prove that in three of them the initial instance can be solved to the optimum in linear time, thus introducing a wide polynomially solvable subclass of the problem considered.

Our research can be used as a foundation to construct efficient approximation algorithms for the two-machine routing open shop on a tree.