Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
The analysis of numerous experimental and theoretical studies demonstrates that the electrophysical properties of composites, such as electrical conductivity, dielectric and magnetic permeability, are most sensitive to changes in the packing of particles in the composite, especially when the fillers exhibit both shape anisotropy and variation of other parameters. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) provide the possibility to produce tailor-made composites with variable spatial distribution within a composite matrix. Moseenkov et al. (article no. 1700257) have studied composites with MWCNT concentrations close to the percolation threshold upon variation in (i) the morphology of the reinforcing material using MWCNTs with different aspect ratio and nanotube aggregate size (up to the average size of 300 mm) that were isolated from each other by thin polymer layers, and (ii) the type of the polymer matrix. In the region close to and above the percolation threshold, the electrophysical properties of the composites were found to be strongly affected by the spatial distribution of MWCNTs in the composite matrix. The effect of the size of conductive fillers (nanotubes) on the EMI reflectance of the composites was different for microwave and terahertz ranges.
A theoretical investigation of the resonant elastic scattering of laser photons by ultra‐relativistic partially stripped ions, that is the core process of the Gamma Factory project, is presented. Special emphasis in the study is placed on the angular distribution and polarization of scattered photons as observed in the collider and ion‐rest reference frames. In order to describe these (angular and polarization) properties for arbitrary relativistic many‐electron ion, the general approach, based on the application of irreducible polarization tensors, is laid down. By making use of the polarization tensors, the scattering of both conventional plane‐wave‐ and twisted (or vortex) photons is explored in detail. For the former case, it is shown how the propagation directions and polarization states of incident and outgoing photons are related to each other for the , , and resonant transitions. For the scattering of initially twisted light that carries non‐zero orbital angular momentum, the angular distribution of secondary photons is explored and the conditions under which they are also twisted are discussed.
Hybrid materials were produced by mixing CuPcR 4 with acidified single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and characterised by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy.

Thin films of pristine CuPcR 4 and SWCNT/CuPcR 4 were prepared by spin coating onto gold-coated glass slides and applied as active layers to detect pentachlorophenol (PCP), 2-chlorophenol, diuron and simazine in water utilizing Total Internal Reflection Ellipsometry (TIRE) as an optical detection method. Different concentrations in water ranging from 0.5 to 20 μg/L have been examined in the current work.

It is revealed that the shifts in Δ(λ) spectra of SWCNT/CuPcR 4 films were evidently larger than those produced by the pristine CuPcR 4 films, indicating largely improved films’ sensitivity of the hybrid films.
This paper deals with computer simulations of laser welding of plates made of dissimilar metals using a composite intermediate insert.

They are performed with the previously developed 3D numerical model implemented with the collocations and least squares method. Based on the proposed mathematical model, the features of butt-welding of titanium and stainless steel plates and aluminum and titanium plates are investigated.

The use of the composite insert when welding dissimilar alloys prevents the formation of brittle intermetallic phases that adversely affect the strength of the joint. The rational thermal conditions of laser welding and the geometric parameters of the welds are determined.
In 2018 Kachulin and Gelash predicted new effects of breather interactions using the Dyachenko–Zakharov equation.

We numerically investigate pairwise collisions of solitary wave structures on the surface of deep water—breathers. We perform numerical simulations of breather mutual collisions by using fully nonlinear equations for the potential flow of ideal incompressible fluid with a free surface written in conformal variables. To generate initial conditions in the form of separate breathers we use the reduced model—the Zakharov equation. We present an explicit expression for the four-wave interaction coefficient and third order accuracy formulas to recover physical variables in the Zakharov model.

The breather collisions are inelastic. However, the breathers can still propagate as stable localised wave groups after the interaction. The suggested procedure allows the generation of breathers of controlled phase which propagate stably in the fully nonlinear model, demonstrating only minor radiation of incoherent waves. We perform a detailed study of breather collision dynamics depending on their relative phase. Here we show that all these effects can be observed in the fully nonlinear model. Namely, we report that the relative phase controls the process of energy exchange between breathers, level of energy loses, and space positions of breathers after the collision.
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a subtype of lung cancer, remains one of the most common tumors with a high mortality and morbidity rate. Numerous targeted drugs were implemented or are now developed for the treatment of NSCLC. Two genes, HER2 and MET, are among targets for these specific therapeutic agents. Alterations in HER2 and MET could lead to primary or acquired resistance to commonly used anti-EGFR drugs. Using current methods for detecting HER2 and MET amplifications is time and labor-consuming; alternative methods are required for HER2 and MET testing. We developed the first multiplex droplet digital PCR assay for the simultaneous detection of MET and HER2 amplification in NSCLC samples. The suitability of qPCR was assessed for the optimization of multiplex ddPCR. The optimal elongation temperature, reference genes for DNA quantification, and amplicon length were selected. The developed ddPCR was validated on control samples with various DNA concentrations and ratios of MET and HER2 genes. Using ddPCR, 436 EGFR-negative NSCLC samples were analyzed. Among the tested samples, five specimens (1.15%) showed a higher ratio of MET, and six samples (1.38%) showed a higher ratio of HER2. The reported multiplex ddPCR assay could be used for the routine screening of MET and HER2 amplification in NSCLC samples.
Implementing high-performance n- and p-type thin-film transistors (TFTs) for monolithic three-dimensional (3D) integrated circuit (IC) and low-DC-power display is crucial. To achieve these goals, a top-gate transistor is preferred to a conventional bottom-gate structure. However, achieving high-performance top-gate p-TFT with good hole field-effect mobility (μFE) and large on-current/off-current (ION/IOFF) is challenging. In this report, coplanar top-gate nanosheet SnO p-TFT with high μFE of 4.4 cm2/Vs, large ION/IOFF of 1.2 × 105, and sharp transistor’s turn-on subthreshold slopes (SS) of 526 mV/decade were achieved simultaneously. Secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the excellent device integrity was strongly related to process temperature, because the HfO2/SnO interface and related μFE were degraded by Sn and Hf inter-diffusion at an elevated temperature due to weak Sn–O bond enthalpy. Oxygen content during process is also crucial because the hole-conductive p-type SnO channel is oxidized into oxygen-rich n-type SnO2 to demote the device performance. The hole μFE, ION/IOFF, and SS values obtained in this study are the best-reported data to date for top-gate p-TFT device, thus facilitating the development of monolithic 3D ICs on the backend dielectric of IC chips.
This paper presents a comparison of chemical and plasma electrolyte polishing methods for preparing a copper substrate for graphene synthesis by chemical vapour deposition. It is shown that in order to achieve the most uniform morphology of the surface of the copper substrate, it is preferable to use the electrolyte-plasma polishing method. With its help, the proportion of multilayer regions in the graphene coating obtained as a result of CVD synthesis decreases. The obtained results may serve a recommendation for creating a graphene coating with specified parameters.
The radionuclide composition of the atmospheric precipitations (rain and snow) fell out on the territory of the South of the Western Siberia in 2016-2017 was studied. It is shown that, the maximum of deposition of 7 Be and 210 Pb were observed in a foothill zone (618 and 171 Bq/m 2 ), the minimum in the Alpine zone (104 and 27 Bq/m 2 ), for the forest-steppe zone these values are 237-340 Bq/m 2 and 73-93 Bq/m 2 . Deposition density of 137 Cs in comparison with 210 Pb and 7 Be is small and does not exceed 1 Bq/m 2 . Average values of total specific activities of 210 Pb and 7 Be in rain waters are 242 and 2434 mBq/l, in the snowmelt 506 and 1611 mBq/l. 7 Be/ 210 Pb activity ratio in rain waters more than three times higher, than in snowmelt: 10,1 to 3,2. The highest values of 7 Be/ 210 Pb activity ratios are observed in the finest fraction (<0.45 µm) of the suspended matter: 19 in rain and 10 in snowmelt waters.
Disordered molecular solids present a rather broad class of substances of different origin—amorphous polymers, materials for photonics and optoelectronics, amorphous pharmaceutics, simple molecular glass formers, and others. Frozen biological media in many respects also may be referred to this class. Theoretical description of dynamics and structure of disordered solids still does not exist, and only some phenomenological models can be developed to explain results of particular experiments.

Among different experimental approaches, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) applied to spin probes and labels also can deliver useful information. EPR allows probing small-angle orientational molecular motions (molecular librations), which intrinsically are inherent to all molecular solids. EPR is employed in its conventional continuous wave (CW) and pulsed—electron spin echo (ESE)—versions. CW EPR spectra are sensitive to dynamical librations of molecules while ESE probes stochastic molecular librations.

In this review, different manifestations of small-angle motions in EPR of spin probes and labels are discussed. It is shown that CW-EPR-detected dynamical librations provide information on dynamical transition in these media, similar to that explored with neutron scattering, and ESE-detected stochastic librations allow elucidating some features of nanoscale molecular packing. The possible EPR applications are analyzed for gel-phase lipid bilayers, for biological membranes interacting with proteins, peptides and cryoprotectants, for supercooled ionic liquids (ILs) and supercooled deep eutectic solvents (DESs), for globular proteins and intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs), and for some other molecular solids.
The Siberian salamander Salamandrella keyserlingii Dybowski, 1870 is a unique amphibian that is capable to survive long-term freezing at −55 °C. Nothing is known on the biochemical basis of this remarkable freezing tolerance, except for the fact that it uses glycerol as a low molecular weight cryoprotectant.

We used 1H-NMR analysis to study quantitative changes of multiple metabolites in liver and hindlimb muscle of S. keyserlingii in response to freezing.

For the majority of molecules we observed significant changes in concentrations. Glycerol content in frozen organs was as high as 2% w/w, which confirms its role as a cryoprotectant. No other putative cryoprotectants were detected. Freezing resulted in ischemia manifested as increased concentrations of glycolysis products: lactate and alanine. Unexpectedly, we detected no increase in concentrations of succinate, which accumulates under ischemia in various tetrapods. Freezing proved to be a dramatic stress with reduced adenosine phosphate pool and high levels of nucleotide degradation products (hypoxanthine, β-alanine, and β-aminoisobutyrate). There was also significant increase in the concentrations of choline and glycerophosphocholine, which may be interpreted as the degradation of biomembranes. Thus, we found that freezing results not only in macroscopical damage due to ice formation, but also to degradation of DNA and biomembranes.
The genes ABCC8 and KCNJ11 have received intense focus in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) research over the past two decades. It has been hypothesized that the p.E23K (KCNJ11) mutation in the 11p15.1 region may play an important role in the development of T2DM. In 2009, Hamming et al. found that the p.1369A (ABCC8) variant may be a causal factor in the disease; therefore, in this study we performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the association between these single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including our original data on the Siberian population (1384 T2DM and 414 controls). We found rs5219 and rs757110 were not associated with T2DM in this population, and that there was linkage disequilibrium in Siberians (D'=0.766, r2= 0.5633). In addition, the haplotype rs757110[T]-rs5219[C] (p.23K/p.S1369) was associated with T2DM (OR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.04-2.24). We included 44 original studies published by June 2014 in a meta-analysis of the p.E23K association with T2DM. The total OR was 1.14 (95% CI: 1.11-1.17) for p.E23K for a total sample size of 137,298. For p.S1369A, a meta-analysis was conducted on a total of 10 studies with a total sample size of 14,136 and pooled OR of 1.14 [95% CI (1.08-1.19); p = 2 x 10-6]. Our calculations identified causal genetic variation within the ABCC8/KCNJ11 region for T2DM with an OR of approximately 1.15 in Caucasians and Asians. Moreover, the OR value was not dependent on the frequency of p.E23K or p.S1369A in the populations.
The motion of shock waves through a mixture of gas and fine solid particles is studied using a model of the mechanics of heterogeneous media taking into account the difference in phase velocities, the intergranular pressure of the particles, and their finite volume concentration. The equation of state includes the volume concentration of particles. For this model, we have analytically and numerically studied the question of what types of strong discontinuities (frozen, dispersive, frozen-dispersive, two-front) exist and are stable in the dispersed medium considered and under what conditions they occur. A numerical solution of initial-boundary-value problems is obtained using a third-order TVD scheme for approximation in space and a five-order Runge–Kutta scheme for time approximations. The corresponding solutions in the class of traveling waves are calculated. A map of flow regimes in the form of shock waves is constructed, which makes it possible to determine the final velocity of the mixture behind the shock wave as a function of its initial velocity and the relative mass concentration of the gas phase. The above-mentioned stationary solutions for various types of shock waves are found numerically. Their stability is investigated by solving the Cauchy problem for nonstationary one-dimensional equations of the mechanics of heterogeneous media.
The paper reports on experimental study of turbulent transport in the initial region of swirling turbulent jets.

The particle image velocimetry and planar laser-induced fluorescence techniques are used to investigate the flow structure and passive scalar concentration, respectively, in free air jet with acetone vapor. Three flow cases are considered, viz., non-swirling jets and swirling jets with and without vortex breakdown and central recirculation zone.

Without vortex breakdown, the swirl is shown to promote jet mixing with surrounding air and to decrease the jet core length. The vortex core breakdown further enhances mixing as the jet core disintegrates at the nozzle exit.
Precise measurement of bending kinematics induced by a photochemical reaction in a single crystal can be used to extract the kinetic parameters of the underlying reaction with high accuracy.
Structured arrays of liquid microdroplets levitating over a heated liquid film have been observed in experimental works, but the nature of this phenomena is not completely understood.

The aim of this work is to measure the distance between drops and the size of monolayer depending on the main parameters.

We found that the average distance between drops increases with time from 40 to 100 μm. And the size of monolayer increases with time from approximately 1 mm to 5 mm. The distance between drops increases when approaching the boundary of monolayer.
The creation of problem-oriented monitoring strategies for the study of natural processes in the atmosphere-Earth system based on use of mathematical models in combination with observational data is discussed. Major objects of a modeling system are described. These are: a model of processes of transport and transformation of substances in the gas and aerosol state, data and models of observations. We develop a variational approach that provides formulation, construction, and implementation of solutions to direct and inverse problems. To formulate the variational principle, some target functionals are defined. They serve for forecasting, assimilating observational data, controlling atmospheric quality, etc. Data assimilation techniques play a significant role in successful management of environmental objectives. The result of the study is a version of the so-called "seamless" modeling technology in which five classes of the required functions are calculated. These are state functions, adjoint functions, uncertainty functions, and two functions of sensitivity with respect to variations of model parameters and monitoring data. We can solve inverse problems of strategic operational assessments of hazardous situations and identification of sources of intensive technogenic impacts to organize the targeted monitoring.
Hematopoiesis is a convenient model to study how chromatin dynamics plays a decisive role in regulation of cell fate.

During erythropoiesis a population of stem and progenitor cells becomes increasingly lineage restricted, giving rise to terminally differentiated progeny. The concerted action of transcription factors and epigenetic modifiers leads to a silencing of the multipotent transcriptome and activation of the transcriptional program that controls terminal differentiation.

This article reviews some aspects of the biology of red blood cells production with the focus on the extensive chromatin reorganization during differentiation.
The article makes a short excursus to the history of one of the least numerous peoples of Siberia -Kets (Yenisei Ostyaks); traces the history of the first contacts of Russian service men with the Kets.At first, the Russian yasak collectors did not distinguish between the Ob Khanty, Narym Selkups and Yenisey Kets who belonged to a similar economic and cultural type.Russians identified them as the same ethnos although differences in their languages were revealed very early.G.-F.Mueller, the head of the Academic Detachment, was the first to undertake the scientific study of the Ket language.He managed to find out that the Yenisei Ostyaks are a separate people, different from the Khanty and Selkups; that Ket language had other kindred languages.Later linguists confirmed Mueller's assumptions.

Active use of other latest developments of interdisciplinary research

Archaeological finds of the last decades reveal links between Kets and the most ancient population of Southern Siberia.allows making an even longer excursus to the history of ancestors of the Ket-language population in the Middle Yenisei area and receiving new data on the possible history and conditions of their language's evolution.
Mouse models of hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis are useful to evaluate the role of 'individual' LPs, as well as their fractions and subfractions, in hyperlipidemia and the genesis of atherosclerosis.

Using a novel small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) method for determination of fractional and subfractional composition of lipoproteins (LPs)

a significant elevation of total cholesterol-lipoproteins (C-LP) and, especially, total triglyceride-lipoproteins (TG-LP), was shown in this work. Among the LP fractions, poloxamer 407 was shown to significantly increase proatherogenic total C-LDL, TG-LDL and, especially, their precursors C-VLDL and TG-VLDL, while only exhibiting a moderate increase in the antiatherogenic C-HDL and TG-HDL fractions. With regard to the VLDL subfractions, significant elevations were observed in both subfractions studied; namely, C-VLDL1-2 and C-VLDL3-5. Similar changes were noted in the TG-VLDL1-2 and TG-VLDL3-5 subfractions. The C-IDL and TG-IDL subfractions were increased significantly (?20- to 30-fold), while the C-LDL1-3 subfraction was moderately (?3- to 5-fold) increased at 48 hrs and at day 4. In the moderately elevated (?2- to 4-fold) anti-atherogenic HDL fraction, the C-HDL2 subfraction was increased more significantly (?4-fold) compared to the C-HDL3 subfraction; however, both C-HDL subfractions returned to baseline by day 4. The elevation in the TG-HDL2 subfraction was observed only at 24 hrs.
We perform Large-eddy simulations of a non-premixed swirling flame in a model of a combustion chamber with a swirling air bulk flow at Re = 15000 and a central pilot low-velocity jet with methane using the Flamelet-generated manifold model. The unsteady behaviour of this regime is well reproduced based on the flame dynamics. The distribution of turbulent kinetic energy suggests the presence of intensive vortical structures typical of high-swirl flows similar to the precessing vortex core.
The recombination kinetics of the biochemically prominent radicals NO and O2− to form ONOO− ("peroxynitrite")

is sensitive to high magnetic fields

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The vast majority of the genetic variants (mainly SNPs) associated with various human traits and diseases map to a noncoding part of the genome and are enriched in its regulatory compartment, suggesting that many causal variants may affect gene expression. The leading mechanism of action of these SNPs consists in the alterations in the transcription factor binding via creation or disruption of transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) or some change in the affinity of these regulatory proteins to their cognate sites.

In this review, we first focus on the history of the discovery of regulatory SNPs (rSNPs) and systematized description of the existing methodical approaches to their study. Then, we brief the recent comprehensive examples of rSNPs studied from the discovery of the changes in the TFBS sequence as a result of a nucleotide substitution to identification of its effect on the target gene expression and, eventually, to phenotype. We also describe state-of-the-art genome-wide approaches to identification of regulatory variants, including both making molecular sense of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and the alternative approaches the primary goal of which is to determine the functionality of genetic variants.

Among these approaches, special attention is paid to expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) analysis and the search for allele-specific events in RNA-seq (ASE events) as well as in ChIP-seq, DNase-seq, and ATAC-seq (ASB events) data.