Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
Generation of cosmic microwave background (CMB) elliptic polarization due to the Cotton-Mouton (CM) effect in a cosmic magnetic field is studied. We concentrate on the generation of CMB circular polarization and on the rotation angle of the CMB polarization plane from the decoupling time until at present.

For the first time, a rather detailed analysis of the CM effect for an arbitrary direction of the cosmic magnetic field with respect to photon direction of propagation is done. Considering the CMB linearly polarized at the decoupling time, it is shown that the CM effect is one of the most substantial effects in generating circular polarization especially in the low part of the CMB spectrum.

It is shown that in the frequency range $10^8$ Hz $\leq \nu_0\leq 10^9$ Hz, the degree of circular polarization of the CMB at present for perpendicular propagation with respect to the cosmic magnetic field is in the range $ 10^{-13}\lesssim P_C(t_0)\lesssim 7.65\times 10^{-7}$ or Stokes circular polarization parameter $2.7 \times 10^{-13}$ K $\lesssim |V(t_0)|\lesssim 2 \times 10^{-6}$ K for values of the cosmic magnetic field amplitude at present in the range $10^{-9}$ G $\lesssim B\lesssim 8\times 10^{-8}$ G. On the other hand, for not perpendicular propagation with respect to the cosmic magnetic field we find $10^{-15}\lesssim P_C(t_0)\lesssim 6\times 10^{-12}$ or $2.72 \times 10^{-15}$ K $\lesssim |V(t_0)| \lesssim 10^{-11}$ K, for the same values of the cosmic magnetic field amplitude and same frequency range. Estimates on the rotation angle of the CMB polarization plane $\delta\psi_0$ due to the CM effect and constraints on the cosmic magnetic field amplitude from current constraints on $\delta\psi_0$ due to a combination of the CM and Faraday effects are found.
The aim of this literature review is to consider the range of different integral characteristics and indices, by which it can be possible to evaluate impaired hemodynamics and cerebrospinal fluid dynamics in the central nervous system according to radiation introscopy, including ultrasound and phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging.

Consideration is given to various volume-velocity and temporal parameters and the possibility of using the described characteristics to study joint blood and cerebrospinal fluid flows. Emphasis is laid on the analysis of the information provided by each of the indices and by the possibility of its clinical application.

This expanded study of the interaction of fluids in the central nervous system will be able to give a better insight into the mechanisms involved in maintaining homeostasis in the brain.
Specific projects initiated by higher school and high-tech business is the scientific and technological basis of the Program for the development of Novosibirsk Scientific Center (Akademgorodok 2.0) as a territory with high concentration of research and development institutions. The article presents general information on scientific, infrastructural and innovative projects of the Program, their classification by key indicators, promotion and scientific-organizational support of projects. The article proposes the measures to make higher education in Novosibirsk more attractive and competitive in both international and Russian education services markets as the most important direction of implementation of the Program “Akademgorodok 2.0”. The work focuses on the necessity to form new educational programs and their coordination with the promising research and scientific developments implemented within the framework of the Program “Akademgorodok 2.0”. The authors express their position on the proposals to organize “Big NSU” by including a number of academic institutions of the NSC of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
Coherent preparation of quantum states of atoms and ions by laser light can lead to electromagnetically induced transparency and related effects. In particular, the standing wave at the adjacent transition induces a new type of nonlinear resonance in the probe-field spectrum of a three-level system. The resonance is due to the effect of high-order harmonics of atomic coherence. However, the resonance is broadened and the reason of the broadening was unclear. The paper describes how the velocity changing collisions broaden the resonance. The analytic theory taking into account up to 4-th order of the perturbation theory is presented. The numerical calculations are described. The analytical formulas are shown to describe the experiment qualitatively while the numerical computation demonstrates quantitative agreement. The Coulomb dephasing is discussed as the physical mechanism of the broadening.
Although the evolutionary importance of meiotic recombination is not disputed, the significance of interspecies differences in the recombination rates and recombination landscapes remains under-appreciated. Recombination rates and distribution of chiasmata have been examined cytologically in many mammalian species, whereas data on other vertebrates are scarce. Immunolocalization of the protein of the synaptonemal complex (SYCP3), centromere proteins and the mismatch-repair protein MLH1 was used, which is associated with the most common type of recombination nodules, to analyze the pattern of meiotic recombination in the male of two species of iguanian lizards, Anolis carolinensis Voigt, 1832 and Deiroptyx coelestinus (Cope, 1862). These species are separated by a relatively long evolutionary history although they retain the ancestral iguanian karyotype. In both species similar and extremely uneven distributions of MLH1 foci along the macrochromosome bivalents were detected: approximately 90% of crossovers were located at the distal 20% of the chromosome arm length. Almost total suppression of recombination in the intermediate and proximal regions of the chromosome arms contradicts the hypothesis that "homogenous recombination" is responsible for the low variation in GC content across the anole genome. It also leads to strong linkage disequilibrium between the genes located in these regions, which may benefit conservation of co-adaptive gene arrays responsible for the ecological adaptations of the anoles.
Multi‐method thermochronology along the Vakhsh‐Surkhob fault zone reveals the thermotectonic history of the South Tian Shan–Pamirs boundary. Apatite U/Pb analyses yield a consistent age of 251 ± 2 Ma, corresponding to cooling below ~550–350°C, related to the final closure of the Palaeo‐Asian Ocean and contemporaneous magmatism in the South Tian Shan. Zircon (U–Th–Sm)/He ages constrain cooling below ~180°C to the end of the Triassic (~200 Ma), likely related either to deformation induced by the Qiangtang collision or to the closure of the Rushan Ocean. Apatite fission track thermochronology reveals two low‐temperature (<120°C) thermal events at ~25 Ma and ~10 Ma, which may be correlated with tectonic activity at the distant southern Eurasian margin. The late Miocene cooling is confirmed by apatite (U–Th–Sm)/He data and marks the onset of mountain building within the South Tian Shan that is ongoing today.
We derived a dispersion relation of a surface wave at a rough metal-air interface. In contrast to previous publications, we assumed that an intrinsic surface impedance due to a finite electric conductivity of the metal can be of the same order as the roughness-induced impedance. We then applied our results to the analysis of a long-standing problem of the discrepancy between the experimental data on the propagation of surface waves in the terahertz range of frequencies and the classical Drude theory.
Uterine bleeding caused by placenta previa is one of the main causes of massive blood loss and death in obstetric practice.

Available researches on the diagnosis and treatment of uterine bleeding with placenta previa between 2000 and 2015 were included in the study. The search was carried out in medical databases PubMed and Cochrane Library with free access to the publication. 61 publications were included in the analysis. The basic principles of diagnosis and intensive therapy of uterine bleeding with placenta previa are presented from the position of obstetrician and anaesthesiologist-resuscitator. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of studies evaluating the efficacy and safety of infusion-transfusion therapy in this category of patients. Main indications and contraindications to blood clotting factors and antifibrinolytic agents are shown.

The combined use of all available modern methods of stopping uterine bleeding can significantly reduce blood loss and help to improve disease outcomes. The most promising therapy is a targeted assignment of clotting factors concentrates under the control of thromboelastography which indicates the need for further research.
Surprisingly, an interesting property of the Noether charge that it is by itself invariant under the corresponding symmetry transformation is never discussed in quantum field theory or classical mechanics textbooks we have checked.This property is also almost never mentioned in articles devoted to Noether's theorem.Nevertheless, to prove this property in the context of Lagrangian formalism is not quite trivial and the proof, outlined in this article, can constitute an useful and interesting exercise for students.
Mitochondrial DNA is known to get inserted into nuclear DNA to form NUMTs, i.e. nuclear DNA pseudogenes of the mtDNA.

We present here the sequences of selected NUMTs, in which time of integration can be determined with sufficient precision. The methods used to generate the data and to control their quality are also presented.

We report their chromosomal positions, their position within the great ape mtDNA phylogeny, and their times of integration into the nuclear genome. The dataset is made publicly available to enable critical or extended analyzes.
The major problem associated with production of transgenic proteins in plant expression systems is the low level of their accumulation. Transplastomic plants with a transgene incorporated not in the nuclear but in the plastid genome (plastome) in some cases ensure elevation of the yield of the desired protein dozens of times and more. However, two problems arise in this case: low frequency of integration of transgenes into the plastid genome and difficulties with production of homoplastomic and homoplastidic plants. Recently, a number of tendencies to overcome these difficulties have been outlined. The first problem is being solved via an improvement of the systems of delivery of exogenous DNA and a fine design of the vectors and the second by multistep screening on several antibiotics and the use of dedifferentiated tissues for transformation. This review deals with a detailed analysis of these problems and their solution.
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and cataract are common age-related diseases in humans. Previously we showed that senescence-accelerated OXYS rats develop retinopathy and cataract, which are comparable to human AMD and senile cataract. Here we focused on the identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs), which affect early-onset cataract and retinopathy in OXYS rats, using F2 hybrids bred by a reciprocal cross (OXYS×WAG and WAG×OXYS). Chromosome 1 showed significant associations between retinopathy and loci in the regions of markers D1Rat30 and D1Rat219 (QTL1) as well as D1Rat219 and D1Rat81 (QTL2); and between early cataract development with the locus in the region of the markers D1Rat219 and D1Rat81 (QTL2). To determine the effects of these QTLs, we generated two congenic strains by transferring chromosome 1 regions from OXYS into WAG background. Both congenic strains (named WAG/OXYS-1.1 and WAG/OXYS-1.2, respectively) display early cataract and retinopathy development. Thus, we confirmed that genes located in the analyzed regions of chromosome 1 are associated with the development of these diseases in OXYS rats.
Characterization of the complex spatiotemporal dynamics of optical beam propagation in nonlinear multimode fibers requires the development of advanced measurement methods, capable of capturing the real-time evolution of beam images.

We present a new space–time mapping technique, permitting the direct detection, with picosecond temporal resolution, of the intensity from repetitive laser pulses over a grid of spatial samples from a magnified image of the output beam.

By using this time-resolved mapping, we provide, to the best of our knowledge, the first unambiguous experimental observation of instantaneous intrapulse nonlinear coupling processes among the modes of a graded index fiber.
The spatial profile, as well as ion-velocity distribution of laser-produced plasmas can be controlled experimentally by varying the time-form of laser pulse. A compression of nearly all produced plasma into a thin monovelocity spherical shell has been observed for the first time. A hydrodynamic numerical simulation shows that the shell generates due to special dynamics of ion ablation and geometry of experiment.
The philosophical nature of the two versions of paraphrasing the Gorgias’ treatise On Non-Being — the skeptical version by Sextus Empiricus and the peripatetic version by an anonymous author — are discussed.

The paper gives a comparative analysis of the arguments upheld by the informants enunciating Gorgias’ thoughts, demonstrates the range of philosophical problems, which Gorgias considered, judging by the reports of his speech, and shows how both versions add to and clarify each other in terms of philosophical issues. The work provides insights as to how Gorgias modernizes and transforms the initial attitudes of Parmenides, shifting the reasoning plan: from how thought can be directed to an object and the qualities of this object to how thought can be directed to the non-existent. Accordingly, the problems of intentionality in the Gorgias’ teaching are considered as well as the privileged status of any of mental states, the nature of word or speech as an autonomous way to develop knowledge about external objects, the issue of meaning as a reference, and inter-subjectivity in cognition.

A conclusion is reached that giving preference to one of the paraphrasing versions impoverishes our understanding of the Gorgias’ teaching considerably, while the joint analysis of both versions demonstrates the engagement of the sophistic issues raised by Gorgias, in the philosophical and, particularly, the epistemological paradigm of the ancient as well as modern philosophy.
Cloning VH and VL genes from individual antigen-specific B cells is an attractive approach for producing monoclonal antibodies of the desired specificity. Current RT-PCR protocols, however, result in the successful identification of VH and VL gene pairs in about half of the sorted cells. Here, we demonstrate that single-cell RT-PCR is likely affected by stochastic factors, and that running PCRs in triplicate results in successful amplification of the expressed VH and VL genes in 90-100% of single sorted human B cells.
The paper describes the investigation of matrix metalloproteinase type 3 (MMP-3) -1171 5A/6A gene polymorphic alleles variants (rs35068180) in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. A allele and 6А6А genotype of MMP-3 -1171 5A/6A gene (rs35068180) were determined as new genetic predictors of dilated cardiomyopathy development. Aim. To study the association of polymorphism -1171 5A/ of the MMP-3 gene with dilated cardiomyopathy of various origins. Material and methods. The main study group comprised 221 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) of different origin. Their average age was 55.309.69 years. Among them there were 111 persons with DCM of ischemic origin, including 99 (89.2%) men and 12 (10.8%) women. The average age of the subjects with DCM was 51.739.74 years, the age of the male subgroup was 51.008.96 years, and the age of the female subgroup was 57.753.71 years. A total of 110 patients with idiopathic cardiomyopathy were included in the study. Among 221 patients, 110 persons did not demonstrated idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy as the cause of myocardium dilation. This group comprised 100 (91.5%) male patients and 10 (8.5%) female patients. The control group of subjects (221 persons) was represented by healthy people without diseases of the cardiovascular system. The average age of control subjects was 53.64.8 years. We examined all patients in the main group using routine laboratory and instrumental methods, as well as coronary angiography. If myocarditis was suspected, we did an MRI of the heart. Genotyping of polymorphism -1171 5A/6A (rs35068180) of the MMP-3 gene was performed using PCR. Results. Among patients of the main group with dilated myocardial remodeling of various Genesis, the allele was documented in 65.8% of cases against 59.3% among the control group, p=0.044. The homozygous genotype of the MMP-3 gene in patients of the main group was verified in 42.1% of patients against 32.6% of cases in relatively healthy individuals (p=0.099). Conclusion. We have proved the predominance of 6A allele and 6А6А genotype of the MMP-3 gene in the group of patients with DCM. It seems that it is homozygous 6A allele that causes a decrease in the activity of the transcription process and change in the level of stromelysin in arterial walls. This contributes to the activation of type 1 procollagenase, extracellular matrix deposition and cardiac muscle remodeling.
In the present work an experimental investigation of a drop impact onto a liquid layer of certain thickness placed on a heated thin foil is presented. The heat transfer and dynamics of drop impact on liquid surface has been studied and visualised with using infrared thermography. The experimental data obtained by means of an infrared scanner, that is, the measured temperature distributions on the opposite side of the foil will be used for the next stage of the research. The primary task of the research is to determine the heat flux from the foil by solving Cauchy problem for the non-stationary heat transfer equation that describes the heat conductivity inside the foil.
The development of new revolutionary technologies for directed gene editing has made it possible to thoroughly model and study NgAgo human diseases at the cellular and molecular levels.Gene editing tools like ZFN, TALEN, CRISPRbased systems, NgAgo and SGN can introduce different modifications.In gene sequences and regulate gene expression in different types of cells including induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).These tools can be successfully used for Huntington's disease (HD) modeling, for example, to generate isogenic cell lines bearing different numbers of CAG repeats or to correct the mutation causing the disease.This review presents common genome editing technologies and summarizes the progress made in using them in HD and other hereditary diseases.Furthermore, we will discuss prospects and limitations of genome editing in understanding HD pathology.
The methods of optical visualization of droplet dynamics are described.

One of them for top view uses microscope system with CCD-camera and the second is a high-resolution shadow technique. Droplet evaporation dynamics are recorded and processed using special programs.

Evolution of droplet base diameters and volumes are presented.
The presence of receptors for oligodeoxynucleotides (OdN) on the surface of L929 cells has previously been described. To study the possible coupling of the receptor to cellular signal transducing systems, the effect of phosphodiester OdN of different sequences on cellular phospholipase C and protein kinase C (PKC) activities in L929 fibroblasts was studied. Treatment of cells with OdN induced an increase in 32 P labeling of phosphatidic acid which was accompanied by a gradual decrease in diacylglycerol. These effects seem to be independent of the OdN sequence. PKC activity in membranes isolated from OdN‐treated cells was found to be lower than that in membranes of control cells. SDS‐PAGE of the 32 P‐labeled cellular proteins revealed that OdN treatment caused a decrease in phosphorylation of the 26 and 73 kDa cellular proteins in the cells.
We categorized human genome 100 kb non-overlapping segments by their DNAse Hypersensitive Sites (DHS) counts based on data in (Sheffield et al., 2011).

They fit a Weibull long tail distribution wit...
For two series of catalysts based on praseodymium ferrite, their structural and redox properties as well as performance in ethanol steam reforming have been studied. The first series was PrFe
In the present paper, we derive the kinetic equation and impulsive condition and formulate a class of kinetic solutions to impulsive ultra-parabolic equations. Here ultra-parabolic equations are linked with diffusion processes with inertia (convective heat transfer) on a shock wave front.
The works of foreign and domestic authors, their approaches to the study of factors affecting public health are analysed. The analysis of the state of public health in 80s-90s of the last century during the political and economic crisis is made; the transition process from the so-called 'budget-funded' financing model to the 'insurance' one is described.

Based on statistics and expert assessments, as well as international confrontations, conclusions are drawn about the multi-year underfunding of the healthcare sector, primarily from the state budget. A new stage of reforms is analysed: since 2014, the Russian government has begun the so-called 'optimization' of healthcare. Its goals, results, feedbacks from doctors and patients are stated.

They show the new reform is a negative process for health system. The blunders of health care reform have been sharply marked with the beginning of the pandemic of coronavirus infection. The facts of the self-sacrificing work of the doctors and nursing personnel during the pandemic period, the measures of the Government and the society to support medical workers were described.
Mutation in the glucocerebrosidase encoding gene (GBA) is one of the most frequent genetic cause of Parkinson's disease. ICGi034-A induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line obtained by reprogramming peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of a patient with heterozygous c.1226A > G (p.N370S) mutation in the GBA gene can be used for studying the fundamental mechanisms of the pathogenesis of GBA-associated Parkinson's disease, and for potential drug screening. The iPSCs express pluripotency markers (NANOG, SSEA4, TRA-1-60, OCT4, SOX2), have a normal karyotype, and are capable of producing derivatives of three germ layers.
This article is about the research on gold obtained from mine wastes and other technogenic mineral formations. The authors investigated how solid phases of gold in supergene zone transform from various deposits. Results show the following supergene gold transformations by various physical, chemical, biological and mechanical processes occurring in the wastes. Transformations result in changes in morphology and chemical composition, and special redistribution of gold in wastes.
A number of neutral beams with ballistic focusing were developed in several recent years for fusion studies in the Budker Insitute. Diagnostic neutral beam injectors for large stellarator W-7X and tokamak T-15 were produced and tested. A high power, relatively low energy neutral beam injector was developed to upgrade the neutral beam system of the gas dynamic trap device and C2-U/W experiments. This injector produces a proton beam with the particle energy of 15 keV, ion current of up to 175 A, and pulse duration up to 30 ms. For tokamaks Globus-M and TCV heating injectors of focused neutral beams with power ∼1 MW and duration ∼1 s were elaborated and produced. Future development of diagnostic and heating neutral beam injectors is discussed in the paper.