Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
The resolution by the bureau of the Novosibirsk regional committee of the CPSU “On the work of the Institute of History, Philology and Philosophy of the Siberian Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR” dated May 26, 1970 reflects a system intended to control over the activities of academic society, primarily humanitarians. The party considered the scholars, and the historians in particular, as a “fighter” in the ideological battle who had to adhere to the principle of “Marxism-Leninism”, and, in fact, to all official guidelines consistently developed by the CPSU. The focus of this document is scholars who were involved in research projects of political nature. The resolution contains harsh assessments towards a number of “mistake” in the scientific activities of this institution. Among these mistakes the authors of the document mention the lack of adherence to ideological principles, widely spread in the collective of scholars of the Institute of history. Historians from the Institute get a lot of criticism from the CPSU functionaries for the absence of political and organizational public work in the city, and also for week methodological and ideological influence on the other scientific organizations in Academgorodok, as well as on the departments and sections of social sciences in the Novosibirsk universities. On the whole, this reflected a general conservative trend in accordance with the requirements of the CPSU of the 1960–1970s.
ABSTRACT Small non-coding RNAs have gained substantial attention due to their roles in animal development and human disorders. Among them, microRNAs are unique because individual gene sequences are conserved across the animal kingdom. In addition, unique and mechanistically well understood features can clearly distinguish bona fide miRNAs from the myriad other small RNAs generated by cells. However, making this separation is not a common practice and, thus, not surprisingly, the heterogeneous quality of available miRNA complements has become a major concern in microRNA research. We addressed this by extensively expanding our curated microRNA gene database MirGeneDB to 45 organisms that represent the full taxonomic breadth of Metazoa. By consistently annotating and naming more than 10,900 microRNA genes in these organisms, we show that previous microRNA annotations contained not only many false positives, but surprisingly lacked more than 2,100 bona fide microRNAs. Indeed, curated microRNA complements of closely related organisms are very similar and can be used to reconstruct Metazoan evolution. MirGeneDB represents a robust platform for microRNA-based research, providing deeper and more significant insights into the biology and evolution of miRNAs but also biomedical and biomarker research. MirGeneDB is publicly and freely available at http://mirgenedb.org/ .
Despite the rapid development of approaches aimed to precisely control transcription of exogenous genes in time and space, design of systems providing similar tight regulation of endogenous gene expression is much more challenging. However, finding ways to control the activity of endogenous genes is absolutely necessary for further progress in safe and effective gene therapies and regenerative medicine. In addition, such systems are of particular interest for genetics, molecular and cell biology. An ideal system should ensure tunable and reversible spatio-temporal control over transcriptional activity of a gene of interest. Although there are drug-inducible systems for transcriptional regulation of endogenous genes, optogenetic approaches seem to be the most promising for the gene therapy applications, as they are noninvasive and do not exhibit toxicity in comparison with druginducible systems. Moreover, they are not dependent on chemical inducer diffusion rate or pharmacokinetics and exhibit fast activation-deactivation switching. Among optogenetic tools, long-wavelength light-controlled systems are more preferable for use in mammalian tissues in comparison with tools utilizing shorter wavelengths, since far-red/near-infrared light has the maximum penetration depth due to lower light scattering caused by lipids and reduced tissue autofluorescence at wavelengths above 700 nm. Here, we review such light-inducible systems, which are based on synthetic factors that can be targeted to any desired DNA sequence and provide activation or repression of a gene of interest. The factors include zinc finger proteins, transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs), and the CRISPR/Cas9 technology. We also discuss the advantages and disadvantages of these DNA targeting tools in the context of the light-inducible gene regulation systems.
Micro-Raman spectra of one monolayer of CuS NCs deposited on a bare Si substrate reveal only features corresponding to crystalline Si.

We present the results of a Raman study of optical phonons in CuS nanocrystals (NCs) with a low areal density fabricated through the Langmuir–Blodgett technology on nanopatterned Au nanocluster arrays using a combination of surface- and interference-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS and IERS, respectively).

However, a new relatively strong peak occurs in the Raman spectrum of CuS NCs on Au nanocluster arrays at 474 cm −1 . This feature is related to the optical phonon mode in CuS NCs and manifests the SERS effect. For CuS NCs deposited on a SiO 2 layer this phonon mode is also observed due to the IERS effect. Its intensity changes periodically with increasing SiO 2 layer thickness for different laser excitation lines and is enhanced by a factor of about 30. CuS NCs formed on Au nanocluster arrays fabricated on IERS substrates combine the advantages of SERS and IERS and demonstrate stronger SERS enhancement allowing for the observation of Raman signals from CuS NCs with an ultra-low areal density.
A synchrotron radiation study of immiscible Au-Co alloys obtained by consolidating a heterogeneous mixture of components and subsequent severe plastic deformation was performed. Namely, the estimates of the crystal lattice parameter, the average size of the coherent scattering regions and lattice strains in mechanically alloyed supersaturated solid solutions were made using obtained diffraction patterns and diffraction spectra. The effect of the temperature regime of deformation processing on the listed characteristics is shown, when the transition from cold deformation to cryogenic is carried out.
When studying air quality, a key parameter for assessment and forecast is information on emission sources. In applications, this information is not fully available and can be compensated by air quality monitoring data and inverse modelling algorithms. Because of the rapid development of satellite chemical monitoring systems, they are becoming more useful in air quality studies. Such systems provide measurements in the form of concentration field images.

In this paper, we consider an inverse source problem and a corresponding data assimilation problem for a chemical transport model. The problem of assimilation of data given as images is considered as a sequence of linked inverse source problems. Each individual inverse problem solution is carried out by variational and Newton-Kantorovich type algorithms.

In the numerical experiment presented, an emission source of a primary pollutant is reconstucted via the concetration field of a secondary pollutant. Both data assimilation and inverse problem solution algorithms are capable of approximating the unknown source.
The study aimed to assess the neural activity of different brain regions in patients with fragile X syndrome (FXS) and the healthy volunteers by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) on a 1.5 T MRI Achieva scanner (Philips).

Results: The fMRI study showed a DMN of brain function in patients with FXS, as well as in the healthy volunteers. Furthermore, it was found that a default mode network of the brain in patients with FXS and healthy volunteers does not have statistically significant differences (p>0.05), which may indicate that the basal activity of neurons in patients with FXS is not reduced. In addition, we have found a significant (p<0.001) increase in the FC within the right inferior parietal and right angular gyrus in the resting state in patients with FXS.

Conclusion: New data of functional status of the brain in patients with FXS were received. The significant increase in the resting state functional connectivity within the right inferior parietal and right angular gyrus (p<0.001) in patients with FXS was found.
In this paper, we analyze the bending of light by galaxies or clusters of galaxies in the presence of the Λ term. Using Friedmann–Robertson–Walker (FRW) coordinates, which are used for the description of actual observations, we demonstrate that the cosmological constant does not practically influence the lensing effect.
Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) are maintained in wild bird reservoirs, particularly in mallard ducks and other waterfowl. Novel evolutionary lineages of AIV that arise through genetic drift or reassortment can spread with wild bird migrations to new regions, infect a wide variety of resident bird species, and spillover to domestic poultry. The vast continental reservoir of AIVs in Eurasia harbors a wide diversity of influenza subtypes, including both highly pathogenic (HP) and low pathogenic (LP) H7 AIV. The Caspian Sea region is positioned at the intersection of major migratory flyways connecting Central Asia, Europe, the Black and Mediterranean Sea regions and Africa and holds a rich wetland and avian ecology.

To understand genetic reservoirs present in the Caspian Sea region, we collected 559 cloacal swabs from Anseriformes and other species during the annual autumn migration periods in 2017 and 2018.

We isolated two novel H7N3 LPAIV from mallard ducks whose H7 hemagglutinin (HA) gene was phylogenetically related to contemporaneous strains from distant Mongolia, and more closely Georgia and Ukraine, and predated the spread of this H7 LPAIV sublineage into East Asia in 2019. The N3 neuraminidase gene and internal genes were prototypical of AIV widely dispersed in wild bird reservoirs sampled along flyways connected to the Caspian region. The polymerase and nucleoprotein segments clustered with contemporaneous H5 HPAI (clade 2.3.4.4b) isolates, suggesting the wide dispersal of H7 LPAIV and the potential of this subtype for reassortment. These findings highlight the need for deeper surveillance of AIV in wild birds to better understand the extent of infection spread and evolution along spatial and temporal flyways in Eurasia.
The evolution of the electron escape probability from p -GaAs(Cs, O) to vacuum was measured under the transition from the state of negative to the state of positive electron affinity.

The transition was induced by the deposition of excess cesium or oxygen on the p -GaAs(Cs, O) surface activated to the state of negative electron affinity. Under deposition of excess cesium, the escape probability was significantly lower as compared to excess oxygen, presumably, due to reflection and scattering of electrons on two-dimensional cesium metal clusters.

Under Cs-induced transition, at positive values of affinity, a new peak was observed below the band gap in the photoemission quantum yield spectra. The peak stems, presumably, from: (i) the effective capture of sub-bandgap light in the structure, which consists of the heavily doped p + -GaAs epilayer grown on the semi-insulating GaAs substrate, due to diffuse backside reflection from the rough back surface of the substrate; (ii) absorption of the captured light near the emitting p + -GaAs surface due to the Franz-Keldysh effect in the strong surface electric field; (iii) emission of the electrons generated near the surface.
Decrease in natural illumination in fall/winter months causes depressive-like seasonal affective disorders in vulnerable individuals. Obesity is another risk factor of depression. The lethal yellow (AY) mutation causes ectopic expression of agouti protein in the brain. Mice heterozygous for AY mutation (AY/a) are obese compared to their wild-type littermates (a/a). The main aims of the study were to investigate the effects of AY mutation, photoperiod and the interaction between these factors on daily activity dynamics, feeding, locomotor and exploratory activities, anxiety-related and depressive-like behaviors in mild stress condition. Six weeks old mouse males of AY/a and a/a lines were divided into four groups eight animals each and exposed to long- (14 h light and 10 h darkness) or short- (4 h light and 20 h darkness) day conditions for 28 days. Then the behavior of these mice was successively investigated in the home cage, open field, elevated plus-maze and forced swim tests. We did not observed any effect of AY mutation on the general activity, water and food consumption in the home cage; locomotion and exploration in the open field test; anxiety-related behavior in the open field and elevated plus-maze tests. At the same time, AY mutation increased depressive-like immobility time in the forced swim test (F1.28 = 20.03, p = 0.00012). Shortday conditions decreased nocturnal activity in the home cage, as well as locomotion (F1.28 = 16.33, p = 0.0004) and exploration (F1.28 = 16.24, p < 0.0004) in the open field test. Moreover, short-day exposition decreased time spent in the center of the open field (F1.28 = 6.57, p = 0.016) and in the open arms of the elevated plus-maze (F1.28 = 12.08, p = 0.0017) tests and increased immobility time in the forced swim test (F1.28 = 9.95, p = 0.0038). However, no effect of the interaction between AY mutation and photoperiod on immobility time in the forced swim test was observed. Therefore, short-day photoperiod and AY mutation increased depressive-like behavior in the forced swim test by means of different mechanisms.
As noted by previous studies, annealed Nb displayed a weak linear increase of ? (11?K) with polishing time due to hydrogen absorption, and bulk hydrogen concentration did not exceed 15% for 200??m metal removed.

A series of small fine-grained and single-crystal bars, with strain from 0% (recrystallized) to 50%, were given different amounts of chemical polishing. Four-point resistivity (?) data was used to characterize the electron scattering from dislocations, hydrogen, and any other trace contaminants.

Strain, polishing, and annealing thus appear to combine as irreversible paths that change the material. Bearing this in mind, the significant difference in hydrogen uptake between annealed and cold-worked samples suggests that annealing SRF cavities prior to chemical polishing could greatly reduce hydrogen uptake and storage in the metal, reducing risk of quality-factor loss. This inverts key steps of the present widely-used cavity processing sequence.
The prospects of the complementary use of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and density functional theory (DFT) have been demonstrated by the examples of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite, half-fluorinated graphite C2F, and half-fluorinated graphite C2F intercalated with Br C2FBr0.15.

It has been shown that the photoelectron energy losses in XPS spectra conform well to valence band electron transitions resulted from the DFT calculations for relevant unit cells. This conformity justified the other results of joined XPS and DFT studies, which have revealed two arrangements of the Br2 embedded into the C2F framework. The state and orientation of intercalated Br2 are juxtaposed with experimental studies by Near Edge and Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure spectroscopy and by Raman spectroscopy.

The first arrangement corresponds to separate Br pairs in which the Br state is similar to a free Br2 molecule, whereas the second one is an ultra-dense Br chain in which the Br state is between free Br2−1 and Br10 species. The specific energy losses in the XPS Br3d spectrum of C2FBr0.15 indicate a comparable content of both Br arrangements in a sample. Besides, a distinct structure in the difference F1s XPS spectrum is assigned to the expected strengthening of the C-F bond in a C2F matrix under the Br2 intercalation. A successful confluence of XPS and DFT can be useful in the field of material science, providing the local geometry, the state and bonding between atoms in a sample, and thereby revealing the wear performance of the material, regardless of its application.
The catalytic performance of the titanium-based metal–organic framework MIL-125 was evaluated in the selective oxidation of cyclohexene (CyH) with environmentally friendly oxidants, H2O2 and tBuOOH. The catalytic activity of MIL-125 as well as the oxidant utilization efficiency and selectivity toward epoxide and epoxide-derived products can be greatly improved by acid additives (HClO4 or CF3SO3H). In the presence of 1 molar equivalent (relative to Ti) of a proton source, the total selectivity toward CyH epoxide and trans-cyclohexane-1,2-diol reached 75–80% at 38–43% alkene conversion after 45 min of reaction with 1 equivalent of 30% H2O2 at 50 °C. With 50% H2O2 as the oxidant, the total selectivity toward heterolytic oxidation products increased up to 92% at the same level of alkene conversion. N2 adsorption, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and infrared (IR) spectroscopy studies before and after the catalytic oxidations confirmed the absence of structural changes in the Metal–organic framework (MOF) structure. MIL-125 was stable toward titanium leaching, behaved as a truly heterogeneous catalyst, and could easily be recovered and reused several times without any loss of the catalytic properties.
The field of zero- to ultralow-field (ZULF) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is currently experiencing rapid growth, owing to progress in optical magnetometry and attractive features of ZULF-NMR such as low hardware cost and excellent spectral resolution achieved under ZULF conditions. In this work, an approach is proposed and demonstrated for simultaneous acquisition of ZULF-NMR spectra of individual 13C-containing isotopomers of chemical compounds in a complex mixture. The method makes use of fast field cycling such that the spin evolution takes place under ZULF conditions, whereas signal detection is performed in a high-field NMR spectrometer. This method has excellent sensitivity, also allowing easy assignment of ZULF-NMR spectra to specific analytes in the mixture. We demonstrate that the spectral information is the same as that given by ZULF-NMR, which makes the method suitable for creating a library of ZULF-NMR spectra of various compounds and their isotopomers. The results of the field-cycling experiments can be presented in a convenient way as 2D-NMR spectra with the direct dimension giving the high-field 13C-NMR spectrum (carrying the chemical-shift information) and the indirect dimension giving the ZULF-NMR spectrum (containing information about proton–carbon J-couplings). Hence, the method can be seen as a variant of heteronuclear J-resolved spectroscopy, one of the first 2D-NMR techniques.
Experiments for studying crystalline materials under extreme conditions are a powerful tool for investigating "structure-property" relationships. They also give information on the behavior of hydrogen bonds and are important both for materials science and crystal engineering. In addition, many processes in the living organisms are also related to mechanical stress. One of the most interesting tasks is to identify factors which influence the stability of a structure, or a part of the structure, at high pressure. Experiments on the systematic study of compounds in a wide range of pressures allow us to accumulate data that can be used to solve this problem. For a more complete picture, the mixed crystals of the selected compound are studied. Investigation of mixed crystals and cocrystals of interest can be compared with the crystals of individual compounds. We have chosen the structure of L-serine - L-ascorbic acid to be compared with those of L-serine and L-ascorbic acids for such a study. Phase transitions were previously reported to be induced by increasing pressure in both L-serine [1] and L-ascorbic acid [2]; moreover, the structure of L-serine was followed at multiple pressures by single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction[3].

L-serine – L-ascorbic acid co-crystal was studied in the pressure range 0-5.4 GPa (at multiple points at every 0.5-0.7 GPa) by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy.

A phase transition has been detected and some rearrangement in the network of hydrogen bonds was observed. The high pressure data were compared with those for the individual structures of the L-serine and L-ascorbic acid.
This paper is devoted to the development of positivity and monotonisity preserving linear spline techniques, namely, techniques which are based on ideas applied in the field of high order TVD (Total Variation Diminishing) methods for numerical solving compressible flow equations. Third and fifth degrees polynomial splines are constructed. Third degree splines include two variants, namely, monotonisity preserving and positivity preserving splines. These splines may be considered as modifications of classical cubic spline and may be identical to this spline for “good” data. These splines get shape preserviation at the cost of reducing smoothness till C^1. To restore C^2smoothness fifth degree polynomial splines are considered, which are constructed as a sum of base cubic shape preserving splines and fifth degree terms, which are chosen to provide continuity of the spline second derivative. These C^2fifth degree polynomial splines are observed to preserve monotonisity or positivity for all considered data with these properties.
The study of the high-pressure polymorphism is still in its infancy.More often than not, the transformations give metastable forms, and not the thermodynamically preferable one.The following facts can indicate at the kinetically, and not thermodynamically controlled transformations: 1. Different forms are obtained at the same conditions from different starting polymorphs.2. Different forms are obtained on compression and on decompression, transformations are not reversible.3. Effect of pressure is different for single crystals and for powder samples.4. The transformation is characterized by a pronounced induction period, a hysteresis, is incomplete, or is extended in a wide pressure range.5. Different forms are observed, depending on how rapid compression / decompression were; on how long the sample was held at a selected pressure.6.The transformation is sensitive to the choice of the pressure-transmitting liquid (in which the sample is emerged in hydrostatic loading experiments) / to the presence of even traces of a liquid in a slurry.This will be illustrated using a few examples.Crystallization of liquids, crystallization from solutions, and solid-state polymorphic transformations will be considered.
Проанализированы факторы, ассоциированные с неалкогольным стеатогепатозом/стеатогепатитом у пациентов с язвенным колитом (ЯК) и болезнью Крона (БК).Выявлена высокая частота неалкогольного стеатогепатоза/стеатогепатита у пациентов с воспалительными заболеваниями кишечника (ВЗК).У пациентов с ВЗК неалкогольный стеатогепатоз был ассоциирован с возрастом и наличием метаболических факторов риска, а также высокой активностью заболевания.У пациентов с БК наблюдалась ассоциация неалкогольного стеатогепатоза с наличием внекишечных проявлений основного заболевания.У пациентов с БК без метаболических факторов риска неалкогольный стеатогепатоз был ассоциирован с частотой госпитализаций.Наличие вируса Эпштейна