Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
We report here the genome sequence of an ancient human. Obtained from ∼4,000-year-old permafrost-preserved hair, the genome represents a male individual from the first known culture to settle in Greenland. Sequenced to an average depth of 20×, we recover 79% of the diploid genome, an amount close to the practical limit of current sequencing technologies. We identify 353,151 high-confidence single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), of which 6.8% have not been reported previously. We estimate raw read contamination to be no higher than 0.8%. We use functional SNP assessment to assign possible phenotypic characteristics of the individual that belonged to a culture whose location has yielded only trace human remains. We compare the high-confidence SNPs to those of contemporary populations to find the populations most closely related to the individual. This provides evidence for a migration from Siberia into the New World some 5,500 years ago, independent of that giving rise to the modern Native Americans and Inuit. For the first time, the sequence of a near-complete nuclear genome has been obtained from the tissue of an ancient human. It comes from permafrost-preserved hair, about 4,000 years old, of a male palaeo-Eskimo of the Saqqaq culture, the earliest known settlers in Greenland. Functional single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) assessment was used to assign possible phenotypic characteristics. The analysis provides evidence for a migration from Siberia into the New World some 5,500 years ago, independent of the migration that gave rise to the modern Native Americans and Inuit. Elsewhere in the issue we profile the paper's last author Eske Willerslev, who headed the project and found the lock of hair in a Copenhagen museum basement — after a fruitless search among the archaeological sites of Peary Land. The first genome sequence of an ancient human is reported. It comes from an approximately 4,000-year-old permafrost-preserved hair from a male from the first known culture to settle in Greenland. Functional single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) assessment is used to assign possible phenotypic characteristics and high-confidence SNPs are compared to those of contemporary populations to find those most closely related to the individual.
the intralayer Mn-Mn distance.The magnetic ordering of the Mn layers along the c-axis is antiferromagnetic for the smaller value than the critic intralayer Mn-Mn distance or ferromagnetic for the bigger than that value [1 and the references therein].Since the intralayer Mn-Mn distance of the SmMn 2 Ge 2 compounds is very close to the critic distance, the multiple magnetic phase transitions are observed as a function of the temperature.Because of the multiple magnetic phase transitions, this compound is very good candidate to investigate the magnetoresistance and magnetocaloric effect.SmMn 2-x Fe x Ge 2 (x=0.05 and 0.1) and SmMn 2-x Co x Ge 2 (x=0.05 and 0.15) compounds are prepared by using arc melting under argon atmosphere.All compounds crystallize in ThCr 2 Si 2 -type tetragonal structure.The temperature and magnetic field dependence of magnetization are measured in an applied field up to 5 T between 10 and 350 K.The magnetocaloric effect-MCE is calculated by using Maxwell's relation and Landau theory.Both calculated MCE values are good accordance.For the SmMn 1.95 Fe 0.05 Ge 2 and SmMn 1.85 Co 0.15 Ge 2 compounds, the positive and negative MCE are observed.Resistivity measurements are performed by a four probe method as function of temperature (between 70 and 350K) and magnetic field (up to 7 T).The magnetoresistance effect is also observed at the metamagnetic transition.At T C Sm , the magnetoresistance effect Δρ/ρ is about -%20 and -%12, respectively.
We perform Large-eddy simulations (LES) of an annular swirling turbulent jet within the range of the swirl parameter S = 0.3 − 0.6. The Reynolds number based on the bulk velocity and its outer diameter is 8900 and the ratio of the outer to inner diameter is 2. The analysis shows that the region around the stagnation point in the end of the recirculation zone has a high level of turbulent fluctuations. For low swirl numbers the recirculation zone induced by the bluff body represents a toroidal vortex with a second reverse-flow region further downstream being strongly unsteady. With the increase of S these two regions are still present with the formation of a double helix coherent structure while for S = 0.6 a single helical structure typical for vortex-breakdown regime is observed.
Anthropomorphous stone statues, discovered near Taldy-Suu, the Issyk-Kul region of Kyrgyzstan, are described with reference to the earlier (19th to early 21st century) scholarship, and are attributed to the Old Turkic tradition.

We focus on his costume, the belt, the weapons, and the vessel held in the right hand.

Chronology and cultural affi nities, specifi cally those with Old Turkic statues of other areas of Tian Shan, are assessed.
// Ekaterina A. Potter 1 , Evgenia V. Dolgova 1 , Anastasia S. Proskurina 1 , Alexandra M. Minkevich 1 , Yaroslav R. Efremov 1, 2 , Oleg S. Taranov 3 , Vladimir V. Omigov 3 , Valeriy P. Nikolin 1 , Nelly A. Popova 1, 2 , Sergey I. Bayborodin 1, 2 , Alexander A. Ostanin 4 , Elena R. Chernykh 4 , Nikolay A. Kolchanov 1 , Mikhail A. Shurdov 5 , Sergey S. Bogachev 1 1 Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia 2 Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia 3 The State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Novosibirsk 630559, Russia 4 Institute of Clinical Immunology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk 630099, Russia 5 LLC Panagen, Gorno-Altaisk 649000, Russia Correspondence to: Sergey S. Bogachev, e-mail: labmolbiol@mail.ru Keywords: ascites Krebs-2, cyclophosphamide, extracellular dsDNA, tumor-initiating stem cells, repair Received: December 18, 2015 Accepted: January 26, 2016 Published: February 10, 2016 ABSTRACT We describe the strategy, which allows curing experimental mice engrafted with Krebs-2 ascites. The strategy is based on the facts that i) Krebs-2 tumor-initiating stem cells (TISCs) are naturally capable of internalizing fragments of extracellular double-stranded DNA (dsDNA); ii) upon delivery into TISCs, these dsDNA fragments interfere with the on-going DNA repair process so that TISCs either die or lose their tumorigenic potential. The following 3-step regimen of therapeutic procedures leading to eradication of Krebs-2 ascites is considered. Firstly, three timed injections of cyclophosphamide (CP) exactly matching the interstrand cross-link (ICL) repair phases that lead to synchronization of ascites cells in late S/G2/M. Secondly, additional treatment of ascites 18 hours post each CP injection (at NER/HR transition timepoint) with a composite dsDNA-based preparation interfering with the NER and HR repair pathways, so that tumorigenic properties of ascites cells are compromised. Thirdly, final treatment of mice with a combination of CP and dsDNA injections as ascites cells undergo apoptotic destruction, and the surviving TAMRA+ TISCs arrested in late S/G2/M phases massively enter into G1/S, when they regain sensitivity to CP+dsDNA treatment. Thus, this regimen assures that no viable cells, particularly Krebs-2 TISCs, remain.
The monograph is based on the results of the XVI all-Russian conference and the XXVI all-Russian school-seminar 'Integration of Russian universities into the world educational and scientific space taking into account regional peculiarities'

devoted to the discussion of one of the most relevant topics of the modern education system: international cooperation of Russian universities in the regional development imperatives

The proposed materials can be useful for specialists of the Russian education system management and Russian regions education system management, employees of Federal and regional authorities and management, as well as regional associations of academic mobility
In this work, the surface of potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) single crystals has been processed by argon cluster ions having low energy per atom E / N mean = 12.5 eV/atom.

The formation of periodic nanostructures has been studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and the power spectral density (PSD) functions. To evaluate the processing efficiency, the dependence of the etching rate of KTP on the incident angles of cluster ions has been investigated.

It is shown that the average etching rate 〈V etch 〉 varies between 0.46 and 1.1 nm/min with an incident angle change from 0° to 70°.
Esophageal adenocarcinoma develops from areas of intestinal metaplasia in Barrett’s esophagus, similar to how intestinal metaplasia transforms into gastric adenocarcinomas in the stomach. Atypia with intraepithelial neoplasia is difficult to distinguish from reactive and regenerative changes, especially in erosive mucosa of the esophagus. Observation of patients with Barrett’s esophagus allows the identification of adenocarcinoma in the earlier, more curable stages in many patients.

In this study, 119 samples of archival histological material in the form of paraffin blocks were used: 89 samples of gastric mucosa with dysplasia and 30 samples of Barrett’s esophagus. The expression level of miRNA-145-5p, -150-5p, -20a-5p, -21-5p,-31-5p,-34a-5p,-375 was determined using real-time RT-PC R. Samples were stratified into different groups using the C-RT decision tree algorithm.

26.7 % of Barrett’s esophagus samples were classified by expression of the proposed miRNAs as cancer, which may indicate a potential development of a malignant tumor in the mucosa of the esophagus when morphological changes have not yet been found.
NMR hyperpolarization techniques have the potential to revolutionize the field of NMR spectroscopy and molecular MRI because they can transiently enhance nuclear spin polarization by 4–8 orders of magnitude, with corresponding gains in NMR signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR). The SABRE‐SHEATH (Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange in SHield Enables Alignment Transfer to Heteronuclei) technique, first demonstrated in 2015, allows for direct, efficient (>20 % nuclear spin polarization), and fast (in under one minute) hyperpolarization of 15 N sites. Several classes of biologically relevant 15 N hyperpolarized contrast agents have been efficiently hyperpolarized to date including pH sensors, which can be potentially useful for non‐invasive pH imaging of cancer and other diseases with altered metabolism.

Here, we report the optimized 15 N enrichment of imidazole‐ 15 N 2 – a promising in vivo pH sensor with pKa ∼ 7.0. A hyperpolarized 0.1 M aqueous solution (ϵ 15N ∼ 146,000 fold, P 15N ∼ 0.24 %) was used to record 15 N NMR spectra at 0.05 T, demonstrating the feasibility of high‐resolution (full width at half maximum ∼ 1 Hz corresponding to 5 ppm at 0.05 T) NMR spectroscopy near its pKa (7.0) at ultra‐low magnetic field.

Given that proton‐binding events modulate the chemical shift by ∼ 30 ppm for this pH‐sensing probe, our results demonstrate the feasibility of ultra‐low‐field pH sensing near its pKa (7.0) with SNR approaching that of high‐field (9.4 T) MR.
We present rapidly rising transients discovered by a high-cadence transient survey with Subaru telescope and Hyper Suprime-Cam. We discovered five transients at z=0.384-0.821 showing the rising rate faster than 1 mag per 1 day in the restframe near-ultraviolet wavelengths. The fast rising rate and brightness are the most similar to SN 2010aq and PS1-13arp, for which the ultraviolet emission within a few days after the shock breakout was detected. The lower limit of the event rate of rapidly rising transients is ~9 % of core-collapse supernova rates, assuming a duration of rapid rise to be 1 day. We show that the light curves of the three faint objects agree with the cooling envelope emission from the explosion of red supergiants. The other two luminous objects are, however, brighter and faster than the cooling envelope emission. We interpret these two objects to be the shock breakout from dense wind with the mass loss rate of ~10^{-3} Msun yr^{-1}, as also proposed for PS1-13arp. This mass loss rate is higher than that typically observed for red supergiants. The event rate of these luminous objects is >~1 % of core-collapse supernova rate, and thus, our study implies that more than ~1 % of massive stars can experience an intensive mass loss at a few years before the explosion.
Purpose. This article considers and analyzes the information, contained in ancient and medieval sources, about residence areas of the Yenisei and Central Asian Kyrgyz during particular historical periods, including late Antiquity, Early and High Middle Ages. These periods are related to the time of existence of political and military domination in the Central Asian Region of the ancient and medieval Turkic and Mongolian nomads, including Xiongnu, Xianbei, Turkic, Teles and Khitan nomadic ethnic groups. Results. During one of those historical periods, after the defeat of the Uyghur Khaganate, the Kyrgyz themselves dominated over Central Asian steppes. Resettlement areas of the Kyrgyz in Central Asia and Southern Siberia changed considerably on several occasions. During various historical periods, the Kyrgyz resided in the territory of Eastern Tian Shan, within the bounds of modern Xinjiang and during the following historical periods in Minusinsk Basin as well, followed by the vast territories of the Sayan and Altai Mountains and a major part of Central Asia, as well as within the bounds of the Western Tian Shan mountain range. The article analyzes the available informative historical data in ancient and medieval sources about the main resettlement areas of the Kyrgyz in different territories in definite time periods of their residence within the bounds of the Central Asian historical and cultural region. Conclusion. Since their repeated resettlement into the eastern Tian Shan region in the era of the Kyrgyz Great Power, the Old Kyrgyz descendants could have reclaimed the mountains and valleys of Tengir-Too. They could have also restored their statehood at the turn of historical modernity, firstly in its capacity as a republic within the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and during the last decades by way of the independent state of the Kyrgyz Republic in the Commonwealth of Independent States. Despite all existing current complexities, the Kyrgyz keep their State.
A series of novel mono- and binuclear arene–ruthenium(II) complexes [(p-cym)Ru(L)Cl] containing 11H-indeno[1,2-b]quinoxalin-11-one derivatives or tryptanthrin-6-oxime were synthesized and characterized by X-ray crystallography, IR, NMR spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and elemental analysis. Theoretical calculations invoking singlet state geometry optimization, solvation effects, and noncovalent interactions were done using density functional theory (DFT). DFT calculations were also applied to evaluate the electronic properties, and time-dependent DFT was applied to clarify experimental UV–vis results. Cytotoxicity for cancerous and noncancerous human cell lines was evaluated with cell viability MTT assay. Complexes demonstrated a moderate cytotoxic effect toward cancerous human cell line PANC-1. The catalytic activity of the complexes was evaluated in transfer hydrogenation of aryl ketones. All complexes exhibited good catalytic activity and functional group tolerance.
Experimental results analyses of macroscopic contact angle change from the drop growth rate of distilled water on stainless steel substrates is presented.

The value of contact angle is found to depend on the drop growth rate (m): contact angle decreases at m up to 0.02ml/s and increases at m more than 0.02ml/s.

At the final stage of spreading the contact line pinning occurs, depending on the drop growth rate and surface roughness.
To assess changes in nucleic acid (NA) metabolism in severe burn injury and to develop recommendations for correction of the alimentary status taking into account changes in the NA metabolism.

All patients (37 patients with II–III degree thermal burns and a burn area of more than 40%) were divided into 2 groups: Group I included survivors (23 patients), group II consisted of the deceased. The intensity of the NA metabolism was assessed based on the dynamics of the of uric acid (UA) and oligonucleotides serum concentrations.

Therefore, there was a marked alteration of NA metabolism in both groups of patients with severe burn injury. At the same time, surviving patients are characterized by rapid recovery of NA metabolism. Glutamine was employed as a pharmacological agent that effectively abrogates the depression of NA metabolism.
We consider thick domain walls in a de Sitter universe following paper by Basu and Vilenkin. However, we are interested not only in stationary solutions found therein, but also investigate the general case of domain wall evolution with time.

We have calculated numerically the rate of the wall expansion in this case

When the wall thickness parameter, δ0, is smaller than H−1/√2, where H is the Hubble parameter in De Sitter space-time, then the stationary solutions exist, and initial field configurations tend with time to the stationary ones. However, there are no stationary solutions for δ0 ⩾ H−1/√2. We have found that the width of the wall grows exponentially fast for δ0 ≫ H−1. An explanation for the critical value δ0c = H−1/√2 is also proposed.
In order to associate complex traits with genetic polymorphisms, genome-wide association studies process huge datasets involving tens of thousands of individuals genotyped for millions of polymorphisms. When handling these datasets, which exceed the main memory of contemporary computers, one faces two distinct challenges: 1) Millions of polymorphisms come at the cost of hundreds of Gigabytes of genotype data, which can only be kept in secondary storage; 2) the relatedness of the test population is represented by a covariance matrix, which, for large populations, can only fit in the combined main memory of a distributed architecture.

In this paper, we present solutions for both challenges: The genotype data is streamed from and to secondary storage using a double buffering technique, while the covariance matrix is kept across the main memory of a distributed memory system.

We show that these methods sustain high-performance and allow the analysis of enormous datasets.
The theoretical and numerical study of the periodic regimes of free flowing liquid film is carried out. As a result of the theoretical analysis, a simple three-harmonic model was obtained. The obtained model allowed demonstrating the basic mechanisms of the periodic flow regime. Calculations on the full model, the Nepomnyashchy equation and three harmonic models are performed. The results of the numerical solutions of the Nepomnyashchy equation and new model qualitatively consistent with the results of the solution of the full model are presented.
The synthesis and characterisation of a new, highly luminescent inorganic cluster complex, (Bu4N)2[Mo6I8(NO3)6], are described. The complex possesses labile nitrato ligands and is therefore a useful precursor for the design of new luminescent materials.

To exemplify this, functionalised polystyrene beads have been utilised as "polymeric ligands" to immobilise the molybdenum cluster complex.
Borates M[C 6 F 5 BF 3 ] (M = K, Li, Bu 4 N) react with organolithium compounds, RLi (R = Me, Bu, Ph), in 1,2-dimethoxyethane or diglyme to give M[4-RC 6 F 4 BF 3 ] and M[2-RC 6 F 4 BF 3 ]. When R is Me or Bu, the nucleophilic substitution of the fluorine atom at the para position to boron is the predominant route. When R = Ph, the ratio M[4-RC 6 F 4 BF 3 ]/M[2-RC 6 F 4 BF 3 ] is ca. 1:1. Substitution of the fluorine atom at the ortho position to boron is solely caused by the coordination of RLi via the lithium atom with the fluorine atoms of the BF 3 group. This differs from the previously reported substitution in K[C 6 F 5 BF 3 ] by O- and N-nucleophiles that did not produce K[2-NuC 6 F 4 BF 3 ].
Herein, the filling of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with sulfur is performed, and the magnetic properties of the formed nanomaterials are studied. Encapsulation of sulfur species results in the appearance of a specific magnetic ordering in the system due to the formation of nanoscopic grains composed of sulfur and residual catalytic Fe nanoparticles contained in the SWCNTs. The magnetic character of the obtained 1D nanostructures is studied using superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer and a sequential ferromagnetic–antiferromagnetic ordering in the material is revealed. Magnetic and optical properties are strongly dependent on the synthesis protocols. A significant Raman intensity increase related to the encapsulated nanostructures is obtained when filling is performed at high‐pressure high‐temperature conditions. Simultaneously, the magnetic susceptibility gets strongly reduced for high‐pressure filling, which is related to the escape of iron particles from the nanotube interior, and the magnetic properties of the material are governed by a weak ferromagnetic ordering of Fe–S structures remained inside SWCNTs. Sulfur encapsulation provides the new route for controlling the magnetic properties in 1D nanomaterials that pave the way for advanced magneto‐optical applications.
Purpose. The article examines communication failure which is one of the major factor of Chekhov’s poetics. The problem of architectonics is based on dialogue principle in narrative and values unity.

Results. A Nightmare is a story of social misunderstanding. A public character Kunin treats a country priest father Yakov as a hard-drinking person. He is highly snobbish and refuses to hear the poor priest. Finally, his revelation of someone’s else being, except his own, shakes him much. But his newly gained knowledge about social issues such as destitution is not deep. Later, Kunin calms down and ruminates over his lack of money to help father Yakov and the other poor person, the doctor. The author’s conclusion discredits his attempt to become a better person. Overall, the dialogue of positions is just quasi-communication. In his next work, Enemies, Chekhov’s poetic construction appears to be more complicated. Doctor Kirilov and Abogin, a rich man, both experience grief, but the reasons for their grief are entirely different. Doctor has lost his only little son an hour before, but Abogin compels him to save his wife. When they arrive to Abogin’s country-estate, it turns out that the woman has just run away with her lover. This farce provokes the doctor’s rage. He blames Abogin, saying that the rich man’s distress is empty and ridiculous. According to the author, the offended Kirilov can hardly be considered wrong. And once again, the author’s conclusion sums up the short story. An existential connotation manifests the communication breakdown. The third short story, An Awkward Business, is devoted to problem of total communication failure. The main character, doctor Ovchinnikov, is not heard at all. His business matter turns out to be a matter of further existence, but nobody wants to understand the essence of his trouble. Finally, his case is interpreted in a formal way and is not solved. The author simply lets things go on, standing outside the text. And this is the innovative feature of Chekov’s mature creative work.

Conclusion. To sum up, in three Chekhov’s short stories communication failure is an important factor of poetics, which is developed in his later works.