Hengzongshu/ArticleAgent huggingface dataset:
A growing body of evidence points to the role of glucose variability (GV) in the development of the microvascular and macrovascular complications of diabetes.

In this review, we summarize data on GV-induced biochemical, cellular and molecular events involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. Current data indicate that the deteriorating effect of GV on target organs can be realized through oxidative stress, glycation, chronic low-grade inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, platelet activation, impaired angiogenesis and renal fibrosis. The effects of GV on oxidative stress, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and hypercoagulability could be aggravated by hypoglycemia, associated with high GV. Oscillating hyperglycemia contributes to beta cell dysfunction, which leads to a further increase in GV and completes the vicious circle. In cells, the GV-induced cytotoxic effect includes mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress and disturbances in autophagic flux, which are accompanied by reduced viability, activation of apoptosis and abnormalities in cell proliferation. These effects are realized through the up- and down-regulation of a large number of genes and the activity of signaling pathways such as PI3K/Akt, NF-κB, MAPK (ERK), JNK and TGF-β/Smad. Epigenetic modifications mediate the postponed effects of glucose fluctuations.

The multiple deteriorative effects of GV provide further support for considering it as a therapeutic target in diabetes.
Base Excision Repair (BER) efficiently corrects the most common types of DNA damage in mammalian cells. Step-by-step coordination of BER is facilitated by multiple interactions between enzymes and accessory proteins involved. Here we characterize quantitatively a number of complexes formed by DNA polymerase β (Polβ), apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1), poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1), X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 1 (XRCC1) and tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (TDP1), using fluorescence- and light scattering-based techniques. Direct physical interactions between the APE1-Polβ, APE1-TDP1, APE1-PARP1 and Polβ-TDP1 pairs have been detected and characterized for the first time. The combined results provide strong evidence that the most stable complex is formed between XRCC1 and Polβ. Model DNA intermediates of BER are shown to induce significant rearrangement of the Polβ complexes with XRCC1 and PARP1, while having no detectable influence on the protein–protein binding affinities. The strength of APE1 interaction with Polβ, XRCC1 and PARP1 is revealed to be modulated by BER intermediates to different extents, depending on the type of DNA damage. The affinity of APE1 for Polβ is higher in the complex with abasic site-containing DNA than after the APE1-catalyzed incision. Our findings advance understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying coordination and regulation of the BER process.
Electron beam appears to be a good instrument for the simulation of heat loads because of low pressure to material and large depth of shielding layer, allowing for the application of higher loads.

This work is focused on theoretical and numerical modeling of heating tungsten by plasma flow and electron beam heating to clarify differences in the heating process.

The time necessary for vapor shielding development is found for both of them. Essential time differences between electron beams with various energies were found. It was explained by significant cooling by evaporation at one of the heating stages. The surface temperature is almost stabilized and the maximal temperature location shifts under the surface at this stage.
In this paper we present the first attempt of adaptation the Random Forest (RF) machine learning algorithm to gamma/hadron separation in the TAIGA experiment (Tunka Advanced Instrument for cosmic ray physics and Gamma-ray Astronomy). The TAIGA experiment will include HiSCORE array with 120 wide-angle Cherenkov detectors on the area of 1 km² and 5 Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACT) on the same area.

At the first stage of the analysis, only images obtained by one IACT were included in consideration. The training process occurs on samples of parameterized images obtained from Monte Carlo (MC) data for gammas and hadrons with a 'Scaled Hillas Parameters' standard technique.

It was shown that the program effectively separates gamma-like showers, RF method does produce stable results and is robust with respect to input parameters and provides a simple control and setup of the procedure for extracting showers from gamma rays.
All first-passage time distributions are essentially single-exponential. The first-passage time to reach the native state may be determined by the time to find the native state among native-like ones.
Traditional wave kinetics describes the slow evolution of systems with many degrees of freedom to equilibrium via numerous weak non-linear interactions and fails for very important class of dissipative (active) optical systems with cyclic gain and losses, such as lasers with non-linear intracavity dynamics. Here we introduce a conceptually new class of cyclic wave systems, characterized by non-uniform double-scale dynamics with strong periodic changes of the energy spectrum and slow evolution from cycle to cycle to a statistically steady state. Taking a practically important example—random fibre laser—we show that a model describing such a system is close to integrable non-linear Schrödinger equation and needs a new formalism of wave kinetics, developed here. We derive a non-linear kinetic theory of the laser spectrum, generalizing the seminal linear model of Schawlow and Townes. Experimental results agree with our theory. The work has implications for describing kinetics of cyclical systems beyond photonics.
Activation of a catalyst [IrCl(COD)(IMes)] (IMes = 1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene; COD = cyclooctadiene)] for signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) was monitored by in situ hyperpolarized proton NMR at 9.4 T. During the catalyst-activation process, the COD moiety undergoes hydrogenation that leads to its complete removal from the Ir complex. A transient hydride intermediate of the catalyst is observed via its hyperpolarized signatures, which could not be detected using conventional nonhyperpolarized solution NMR. SABRE enhancement of the pyridine substrate can be fully rendered only after removal of the COD moiety; failure to properly activate the catalyst in the presence of sufficient substrate can lead to irreversible deactivation consistent with oligomerization of the catalyst molecules. Following catalyst activation, results from selective RF-saturation studies support the hypothesis that substrate polarization at high field arises from nuclear cross-relaxation with hyperpolarized (1)H spins of the hydride/orthohydrogen spin bath. Importantly, the chemical changes that accompanied the catalyst's full activation were also found to endow the catalyst with water solubility, here used to demonstrate SABRE hyperpolarization of nicotinamide in water without the need for any organic cosolvent--paving the way to various biomedical applications of SABRE hyperpolarization methods.
The article discusses a unique monument of rock-art on the territory of Xinjiang – namely the petroglyphs of Kangjiashimenzi (Hutubi County). The person who began scientific investigation of this site in 1987 was Professor Wang Binghua. From that time, the issues of Hutubi petroglyphs became among the most popular topics in Chinese archaeological literature but only in a few publications in other countries and only one – in Russia. This article aims to fill this gap.

The Kangjiashimenzi rock-art panel comprises 292 images of different size composed as a whole ensemble depicted using a counter-relief technique, with some grinding after. The images were given in quite stylized (dancing) poses. The male figures are often presented with an erect phallus. The picture also includes several coitus scenes. We supposed this ensemble in general served as a pictorial reflection of ancient mystery-plays connected with genus or tribal worships and with sacred wedding rituals.

The main part of the petroglyphs dates to the Middle Bronze Age (circa first half of II millennium BC). On the territory of Xinjiang this period was presented by Xiaohe Culture. Within these rock-art engravings, two groups of petroglyphs, most likely, with later dates can be distinguished though they were very precisely incorporated into the ensemble. Images of ‘tigers’ one could connect with activity of nomad tribes of Saka (circa first half of I millennium BC), and antithetical figures of two horses – with some other nomad tribe of Yuezhi (circa II century BC). In any case, the monument with rock engravings has been created and used over quite a long time. It is very probable that Kangjiashimenzi was a functioning sanctuary, at least for the whole region.
This paper presents an approach to the creation of a variant of Extended Special Relativity that takes into consideration the existence of limiting relativistically invariant quantities (Planck parameters). It shows the possibility of excluding unphysical predictions of relativity theories

thanks to the use of the concept of the maximum velocity of the observed motion of objects. It proposes a model of a vacuum-like medium with a kinematical property of relativistically invariant rest.

The Planck quantities are considered as fundamental physical constants related to the structure of this medium.
The paper considers the mechanisms of the development of large-scale instability in counter-current gas-liquid flow in complex channel systems of the structured packing, contributing to deterioration of the separation efficiency for a gas mixture. The paper discusses the contribution of the gravity-induced convective flows and capillary-gravity flooding to the development of the maldistribution of the fluid velocity and concentration fields in the distillation columns filled with Koch 1Y and Mellapak 500Y structured packings. The correlation for prediction of the gas and liquid capacity factors corresponding to the packing flooding is proposed based on the experimental data.
Isotope effects are one of the most important issues for predicting future reactor operations. Large helical device (LHD) is the presently working largest stellarator/helical device using super conducting helical coils. In LHD, deuterium experiments started in 2017. Extensive studies regarding isotope effects on transport have been carried out. In this paper, the results of isotope effect studies in LHD are reported. The systematic studies were performed adjusting operational parameters and nondimensional parameters. In L mode like normal confinement plasma, where internal and edge transport barriers are not formed, the scaling of global energy confinement time ( τ E ) with operational parameters shows positive mass dependence ( M 0.27 ; where M is effective ion mass) in electron cyclotron heating plasma and no mass dependence ( M 0.0 ) in neutral beam injection heating plasma. The non-negative ion mass dependence is anti-gyro-Bohm scaling. The role of the turbulence in isotope effects was also found by turbulence measurements and gyrokinetic simulation. Better accessibility to electron and ion internal transport barrier (ITB) plasma is found in deuterium (D) plasma than in hydrogen (H). Gyro kinetic non-linear simulation shows reduced ion heat flux due to the larger generation of zonal flow in deuterium plasma. Peaked carbon density profile plays a prominent role in reducing ion energy transport in ITB plasma. This is evident only in plasma with deuterium ions. New findings on the mixing and non-mixing states of D and H particle transports are reported. In the mixing state, ion particle diffusivities are higher than electron particle diffusivities and D and H ion density profiles are almost identical. In the non-mixing state, ion particle diffusivity is much lower than electron diffusivity. Deuterium and hydrogen ion profiles are clearly different. Different turbulence structures were found in the mixing and non-mixing states suggesting different turbulence modes play a role.
This paper is comprised of 6 sections as follows. (1) Introduction (2) Planetary Formation Theory and Origin of Earth (3) Origin of a habitable planet: carbon cycle (4) Origin of the Earth’s life (5) Evolution of the Earth’s life (6) Towards the establishment of Astrobiology In (1) Introduction, I briefly summarized why I came to involve in these research topics. In (2) Planetary Formation Theory and Origin of Earth, we simply review previous researches of planetary formation theory, and introduce newly proposed Tandem model to explain the formation of the solar system with new factor. Then, we introduce the ABEL model as another new theory to explain how the Earth was formed. This model can explain long unsolved enigma of the origin of earth’s water and solid earth. In (3) Origin of a habitable planet: carbon cycle, we try to explain the significance to unravel the carbon cycle through earth’s history. And we propose new concept of carbon cycle from atmosphere to mantle through earth’s history from the birth of earth to present day. In addition, based on accretionary complex geology centering on Ocean Plate Stratigraphy (OPS), we propose carbon compensation depth (CCD) works as the function of pCO2 through time, which is significantly new method to approach environmental evolution of the earth. In (4) Origin of the Earth’s life, after we review previous researches for the birthplace of life, we propose nine requirements that must be met at the birthplace of life. Then, we introduce an ideal site to emerge life is Natural geyser system on the Hadean primordial continent, which produce material circulation system to synthesize life by the combination between natural nuclear reactor and geyser. In (5) Evolution of the Earth’ life, we pick up 20 biggest events in the history for the earth and life, to understand more essential and significant events to study the history of earth and life. Those events were selected considering the criterion to extract, whether the event is single and unique phenomenon to become a turning point for the earth’s history. In (6) Towards the establishment of Astrobiology, we propose the working hypothesis to push forward the present Astrobiology research. Astrobiology is the research field to unravel when, how, and where in the universe life was born. To tackle with such a big question, fundamental requirements must be clarified. The conditions to evolve to a habitable planet, which we propose here, is comprised of three groups; (1) planetary requirements to be life emerging planet, (2) nine requirements for the birthplace, and (3) requirements to evolve into planet with civilization. Totally 40 requirements are picked up, and each condition must be satisfied in sequence as listed. It means the emergence of life is not easy. The order and number of requirements that must be satisfied make life very difficult even to appear, suggesting the planet with civilization might be quite rare in our Galaxy.
The article examines the representation of chaos motif, which is the most general one among archetypal motifs, in A. P. Chekhov’s The Murder (1895). Chaos motif arranges the plot structure, being represented in its variants, such as misbelief and nature and space disorder.

In The Murder, the central event is determined by mental disorders of characters. Each of them stands on their unique religious outlook. Matvei Terekhov teaches his cousin Yakov to accept the fundamental rules of Church, but he is not always true to his beliefs, too. The true reason of murder is hate towards each other, including Yakov’s sister Aglaya – it is a hate crime, which represents total moral destruction. Matvei’s death awakens new feelings in Yakov’s perception. Now he understands what suffering is. As he looks at prisoners, he gains his faith. All he wants to ask is why it was so hard to reveal the truth. Besides chaotic existence problems, three other types of archetypical motifs are realized. These are the following: natural chaos, spatial chaos, and unsafe home. Nature stands between winter and spring, and it is time for spring to arrive. This causes disorder all around, and makes Matvei feel anxious and frustrated. Space semantics also explicate chaos, especially in the final scene, in which Yakov tries to extrapolate his actual Sakhalin experience on his previous life. The narrative is based on spatial concepts here. And, finally, the symbol of home loses its meaning of safety in the semantic structure of the story. It turns out to be somebody’s else but not the family’s. And it causes panic fears among its habitants. Fear is one of basic reflexes on chaos extension.

We conclude that the archetypal motif of chaos connects the plot levels, such as the murder event, lack of faith in the main characters, nature, space, and disorder at home. Thus, it is proven to be the motif core of the story.
New nanoporous carbon-SiO2 composite materials were synthesized from organic raw materials (rice shells) and their electrochemical properties were investigated by cyclic voltammetry in liquid electrolytes (6 M KOH or 1 M H2SO4). A correlation between specific capacitance and specific surface area was observed. Due to high specific capacitance of 90 F/g the carbon materials under study may be regarded as promising electrode materials for electrochemical supercapacitors.
Presented paper contains results of a numerical analysis of experiments with gas injection in water and liquid metal which have been performed at the Institute of Thermophysics Russian Academy of Science (IT RAS). Obtained experimental data are very important to predict processes that take place in the BREST-type reactor during the hypothetical accident with damage of the steam generator tubes, and may be used as a benchmark to validate thermo-hydraulic codes.

Detailed description of models to simulate transport of gas phase in a vertical liquid column is presented in a current paper. Two-fluid model with closing relation for wall friction and interface friction coefficients was used to simulate processes which take place in a liquid during injection of gaseous phase.

It has being shown that proposed models allow obtaining a good agreement between experimental data and calculation results.
The role of linear and nonlinear effects in the process of formation of detonation wave structure is investigated using linear stability analysis and direct numerical simulation. A simple model with a one-step irreversible chemical reaction is considered.

For linear stability computations, both the local iterative shooting procedure and the global Chebyshev pseudospectral method are employed. Numerical simulations of 1D pulsating instability are performed using a shock fitting approach based on a 5th order upwind-biased compact-difference discretization and a shock acceleration equation deduced from the Rankine-Hugoniot conditions. A shock capturing WENO scheme of the 5th order is used to simulate propagation of detonation wave in a plane channel.

It is shown that the linear analysis predicts correctly the mode dominating on early stages of flow evolution and the size of detonation cells which emerge during these stages. Later, however, when a developed self-reproducing cellular structure forms, the cell size is approximately doubled due to nonlinear effects.
Purpose. Since the 1970s, about a dozen caves and rock shelters have been discovered and explored in the limestone massifs of the Cuc Phuong National Park (North Vietnam), in which stone artifacts, human remains and animal bones belonging to the late Paleolithic-Neolithic period have been found. Archaeological research of the 2012 joint Russian-Vietnamese archaeological expedition extended the list of archaeological sites with a newly discovered cave Diem with a large number of stone products, the complex of faunal and anthropological material. The height of the cave Diem above sea level is 100 m, the entrance is oriented to the North-East. The illuminated entrance part of the cave has a tube-like shape about 30 m long and 5 to 10 m wide. Extending deep into the limestone massif in the form of karst cavities, the cave has a total area of about 500 m². Results. In 2013, the site explored in 2012 had the excavation area of 5 m². In 2014, the area of the excavation was expanded in the North-West direction by 3 m², thus the total of the investigated area was 9 m². In addition to the mechanically mixed upper layer, which included multi-temporal cultural remains, three large cultural and lithological units, numbering 2 118 stone artifacts belonging to the late Paleolithic – Neolithic were identified during the excavation work. In the first cultural-lithological division, there were 39 fragments of ceramics along with stone products. The anthropological material found is represented by a cluster of highly charred and fragmented human bones, presumably of one person. In layer 2, apart from the stone products researchers found a burial of a man whose bone remains were fragmented but were not exposed to fire, as in layer 1. In the roof of layer 3, there was discovered a burial of a woman. More than 1000 bone fragments of reptiles, birds and mammals were collected within the two lower cultural-lithological units. Conclusion. The ceramics found in layer 1 of the Diem cave allows us to correlate it with the Neolithic culture of Da But, whose period of existence varies in the range of 7000-4000 ka. A powerful block horizon located in layer 2 indicates a strong earthquake whose traces are observed in the same stratigraphic conditions in all the caves of the region under study. The absence of ceramics in cultural unit 2 can be attributed to the early Holocene period (about 10 000 ka). The estimated age of layer 3 of the Diem cave is currently difficult to define. Based on preliminary results, we can suppose that this location belongs to cave sites of the commune Thanh Yen, such as Con Moong and Mang Chieng. Culturally and chronologically it corresponds to the culture of Hoa Binh.
Aim . To analyze the demographic, socio-economic and behavioral factors associated with awareness and passage of medical screening among the hypertension adults from Arkhangelsk and Novosibirsk. Material and methods . The database was formed as part of the Know Your Heart study (2015-2018, Arkhangelsk, Novosibirsk, n=4504). For the present study, 2216 people with hypertension were selected. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with awareness of ongoing medical screening and active participation in them. Results . The analysis determined that 82,5% of the hypertensive residents of Arkhangelsk and Novosibirsk aged 35-69 years old are aware of the medical screening, and 51,4% have passed (are going to pass) it. General factors associated both with greater awareness of ongoing preventive measures and with greater participation in them are female sex and contacts with doctors during the year. From the point of view of awareness, such a factor as the average income level turned out to be significant, while the absence of a permanent employment and the pension status were associated with the passage of medical screening. Conclusion . The awareness of the hypertensive residents of Arkhangelsk and Novosibirsk about the medical screening was 82,5%. The coverage level is still low. The identified factors associated with greater awareness of the medical screening and more active participation showed that medical specialists should be more attentive to the men working in urban areas with a low income level. More active work is also needed to involve in preventive contacts those persons who are not in constant contact with the healthcare system. This requires the consolidated work of various institutions and departments, including the media.