Neolithic agricultural settlements (c. 5500–3500 BC) such as those at Norovlin, Tamsagbulag, Bayanzag, and Rashaan Khad predated the introduction of horse-riding nomadism, a pivotal event in the history of Mongolia as it became the dominant lifestyle.
"Mal'ta Venus" (izpred 21.000 let) priča o stopnji paleolitske umetnosti v severni Mongoliji, čeprav je Mal'ta zdaj del Rusije.