The 14th century Norman explorer Jean de Béthencourt established a kingdom in the Canary Islands.
Drengotov rod in Tankredovi sinovi William I. of Hauteville, Drogo Hautevillski, Humphrey Hautevillski, Robert Guiscard in Rogerij I. Sicilski, so postopoma osvojili ozemlja v južni Italiji in leta 1130 ustanovili Kraljevino Sicilijo.