The failure of the referendum on the European Constitution of 25 May 2005 led to the fall of the government of Jean-Pierre Raffarin and to the formation of a new cabinet, presided by another UMP politician, Dominique de Villepin.
Na evropskih parlamentarnih volitvah junija 2004 je prav tako doživela poraz, s 16,6% glasov, daleč zadaj za Socialistično stranko in 16 sedeži je dosegla doslej najnižjo točko.