After 1918, First Republic Catholic leaders such as Theodor Innitzer and Ignaz Seipel took leading positions within or close to Austria's government and increased their influence during the time of the Austrofascism; Catholicism was treated much like a state religion by Engelbert Dollfuss and Kurt Schuschnigg.
Leta 1912, po aneksu Bosne in Hercegovine leta 1908, je bil v Avstriji uradno priznan tudi islam.