In the central area are Altstadt (the Old Town), Bergheim and Weststadt; in the north, Neuenheim and Handschuhsheim; in the east, Ziegelhausen and Schlierbach; in the south, Südstadt, Rohrbach, Emmertsgrund, and Boxberg; in the southwest, Kirchheim; in the west, Pfaffengrund, Wieblingen, and a new district, named "Bahnstadt", is built on land in Weststadt and Wieblingen.
Heidelberg je sestavljen iz 15 okrožij, razdeljenih v šest sektorjev mesta.