===Warming and the foundation of ecology as discipline===While Darwin focused exclusively on competition as a selective force, Eugen Warming devised a new discipline that took abiotic factors, that is drought, fire, salt, cold etc., as seriously as biotic factors in the assembly of biotic communities.
Prva uporaba tega izraza se pripisuje Karlu Mobiusu leta 1877, vendar je že leta 1825 francoski naravoslovec Adolphe Dureau de la Malle uporabil izraz societe za skupnost posameznih rastlin različnih vrst.