The sole RAF strategic bombing during World War II against Ulm occurred on December 17, 1944, against the two large lorry factories of Magirus-Deutz and Kässbohrer, as well as other industries, barracks, and depots in Ulm.
Judje v Ulmu, okoli 500 ljudi, so bili najprej diskriminira in pozneje preganjani; njihovo sinagogo so podrli po Kristalni noči v novembru 1938.