=== End-organ dysfunction ===Examples of end-organ dysfunction include the following:*Lungs: acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (PaO2/FiO2 < 300)*Brain: encephalopathy symptoms including agitation, confusion, coma; causes may include ischemia, hemorrhage, formation of blood clots in small blood vessels, microabscesses, multifocal necrotizing leukoencephalopathy*Liver: disruption of protein synthetic function manifests acutely as progressive disruption of blood clotting due to an inability to synthesize clotting factors and disruption of metabolic functions leads to impaired bilirubin metabolism, resulting in elevated unconjugated serum bilirubin levels*Kidney: low urine output or no urine output, electrolyte abnormalities, or volume overload*Heart: systolic and diastolic heart failure, likely due to chemical signals that depress myocyte function, cellular damage, manifest as a troponin leak (although not necessarily ischemic in nature)More specific definitions of end-organ dysfunction exist for SIRS in pediatrics.
Examples of end-organ dysfunction include the following:* Lungs** acute lung injury(ALI) (PaO2/FiO2 < 300) or acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS) (PaO2/FiO2 < 200)* Brain** encephalopathy*** symptoms:**** agitation**** confusion**** coma*** etiologies:**** ischemia**** hemorrhage**** microthrombi**** microabscesses**** multifocal necrotizing leukoencephalopathy* Liver** disruption of protein synthetic function: manifests acutely as progressive coagulopathy due to inability to synthesize clotting factors** disruption of metabolic functions: manifests as cessation of bilirubin metabolism, resulting in elevated unconjugated serum bilirubin levels (indirect bilirubin)* Kidney** oliguria and anuria** electrolyte abnormalities** volume overload* Heart** systolic and diastolic heart failure, likely due to cytokines that depress myocyte function** cellular damage, manifest as a troponin leak (although not necessarily ischemic in nature)More specific definitions of end-organ dysfunction exist for SIRS in pediatrics.