==Notes====See also==*History of Italy*Medieval commune*Repubbliche Marinare*Guelphs and Ghibellines*Italian Renaissance==References and sources==*"Background to the Italian Renaissance", Washington State University*"The Rise of the Italian City-States"*"Italy's City-States", "End of Europe's Middle Ages", University of Calgary*"City-states in Italy", Web Gallery of Art
*Коммунальное движение*"Background to the Italian Renaissance", Университет штата Вашингтон*"The Rise of the Italian City-States"*"Italy's City-States", "End of Europe's Middle Ages", Университет Калгари*"City-states in Italy", Web Gallery of Art