On the other hand, influential philosophers such as René Descartes (1596–1650) and Immanuel Kant (1724–1804) were of the opinion that there cannot be any ethical duties whatsoever toward animals.
On the other hand, influential philosophers such as René Descartes (1596—1650) and Immanuel Kant (1724—1804) were of the opinion that there cannot be any ethical duties whatsoever toward animals.