This period witnessed the purists coining words like salumpuwit (chair), salimpapaw (airplane), sipnayan (mathematics), etc. In 1969, some non-Tagalog speakers, like the Madyaas Pro-Hiligaynon Society and some Cebuano groups complained against the movement of Manila toward "purismo." This gave rise to the problems that needed to be resolved before the non-Tagalog speakers could accept Tagalog as their own "wikang pambansa."
Ano ba ang Filipino? Ito ba ay Pilipino o Tagalog? Ito "ang tinatawag naming lingguwa prangka o Filipino" (Constantino, 1966: 180), "ay isang wikang kompromiso," (Atienza, 1996), "ang kulturang popular na nagmula sa Metro Manila at pinalaganap sa buong kapuluan" (Flores, 1996), "ang English-Tagalog code switch (Cruz, 1997).