en: In Union law, the right to a fair hearing is not confined to disputes relating to civil law rights and obligations.  
mt: Fid-dritt ta' l-Unjoni, d-dritt għal tribunal mhuwiex limitat għal tilwim konness ma' drittijiet u obbligi ta' natura ċivili.

en: That is one of the consequences of the fact that the Union is a community based on the rule of law as stated by the Court in Case 294/83, ‘ Les Verts ’ v European Parliament (judgment of 23 April 1986, [1988] ECR 1339).  
mt: Huwa wieħed mill-konsegwenzi tal-fatt li l-Unjoni hija Komunità ibbażata fuq l-istat tad-dritt kif ġie dikjarat mill-Qorti fil-Każ 194/83, 'Les Verts' vs. il-Parlament Ewropew (sentenza tat-23 ta' April 1986, [1988] ECR 1339).

en: Nevertheless, in all respects other than their scope, the guarantees afforded by the ECHR apply in a similar way to the Union.  
mt: Madankollu, fir-rigward ta' l-aspetti kollha barra dak ta' l-kamp ta' l-applikazzjoni tagħhom, il-garanziji mogħtija mill-KEDB japplikaw b'mod simili għall-Unjoni.

en: With regard to the third paragraph, it should be noted that in accordance with the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights, provision should be made for legal aid where the absence of such aid would make it impossible to ensure an effective remedy (ECHR Judgment of 9 October 1979, Airey, Series A, Volume 32, 11).  
mt: Fir-rigward tat-tielet paragrafu, ta' min jinnota li skond il-każistika tal-Qorti Ewropea tad-Drittijiet tal-Bniedem, għandu jsir provvediment għal għajnuna legali fejn in-nuqqas ta' din l-għajnuna jagħmilha impossibbli li jiġi żgurat rimedju effettiv (Sentenza tal-KEDB tad-9.10.1979, Airey, Serje A, Volum 32, 11).

en: There is also a system of legal assistance for cases before the Court of Justice of the European Union.  
mt: Teżisti wkoll sistema ta' għajnuna legali għall-każijiet quddiem il-Qorti tal-Ġustizzja ta' l-Unjoni Ewropea.

en: 71  
mt: 72

en: )  
mt: )

en: Presumption of innocence and right of defence  
mt: Preżunzjoni ta' innoċenza u dritt għal difiża

en: 1.  
mt: 1.

en: Everyone who has been charged shall be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law.  
mt: Kull imputat għandu jkun preżunt innoċenti sakemm jinstab ħati skond il-liġi.

en: 2.  
mt: 2.

en: Respect for the rights of the defence of anyone who has been charged shall be guaranteed.  
mt: Għandu jiġi garantit ir-rispett għad-drittijiet tad-difiża ta' kull imputat.

en: Explanation  
mt: Spjegazzjoni

en: Article 48(  
mt: L-Artikolu 48(

en: 71  
mt: 72

en: ) is the same as Article 6(2) and (3) of the ECHR, which reads as follows:  
mt: ) huwa l-istess bħall-Artikolu 6(2) u (3) tal-KEDB, li jinqara kif ġej:

en: ‘ 2.  
mt: “ 2.

en: Everyone charged with a criminal offence shall be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law.  
mt: Kull min ikun akkużat b'reat kriminali għandu jiġi meqjus li jkun innoċenti sakemm ma jiġix pruvat ħati skond il-liġi.

en: 3.  
mt: 3.

en: Everyone charged with a criminal offence has the following minimum rights:  
mt: Kull min ikun akkużat b'reat kriminali għandu d-drittijiet minimi li ġejjin:

en: (a)  
mt: a)

en: to be informed promptly, in a language which he understands and in detail, of the nature and cause of the accusation against him;  
mt: li jkun infurmat minnufih, b'lingwa li jifhem u bid-dettall, dwar in-natura u r-raġuni ta' l-akkuża kontra tiegħu;

en: (b)  
mt: b)

en: to have adequate time and facilities for the preparation of his defence;  
mt: li jkollu żmien u faċilitajiet xierqa għall-preparazzjoni tad-difiża tiegħu;

en: (c)  
mt: ċ)

en: to defend himself in person or through legal assistance of his own choosing or, if he has not sufficient means to pay for legal assistance, to be given it free when the interests of justice so require;  
mt: li jiddefendi ruħu persunalment jew permezz ta' assistenza legali magħżula minnu stess jew, jekk ma jkollux mezzi biżżejjed li jħallas l-assistenza legali, din għandha tingħata lilu b'xejn meta l-interessi tal-ġustizzja jeħtieġu hekk;

en: (d)  
mt: (d)

en: to examine or have examined witnesses against him and to obtain the attendance and examination of witnesses on his behalf under the same conditions as witnesses against him;  
mt: li jeżamina jew li jara li jiġu eżaminati xhieda kontra tiegħu u li jottjeni l-attendenza u l-eżami ta' xhieda favur tiegħu taħt l-istess kundizzjonijiet bħax-xhieda kontra tiegħu;

en: (e)  
mt: (e)

en: to have the free assistance of an interpreter if he cannot understand or speak the language used in court. ’  
mt: li jkollu assistenza b'xejn ta' interpretu jekk ma jkunx jifhem jew jitkellem il-lingwa użata fil-qorti ” .

en: 72  
mt: Skond l-Artikolu 52(3)(

en: 73  
mt: 73

en: )  
mt: )

en: Principles of legality and proportionality of criminal offences and penalties  
mt: Prinċipji ta' legalità u proporzjonalità ta' reati u ta' pieni

en: 1.  
mt: 1.

en: No one shall be held guilty of any criminal offence on account of any act or omission which did not constitute a criminal offence under national law or international law at the time when it was committed.  
mt: L-ebda persuna m'għandha tinstab ħatja ta' reat għal xi att jew ommissjoni li fiż-żmien meta sar jew saret ma kienx jew ma kenitx reat skond il-liġi nazzjonali jew id-dritt internazzjonali.

en: Nor shall a heavier penalty be imposed than that which was applicable at the time the criminal offence was committed.  
mt: Lanqas m'għandha tingħata piena ogħla minn dik li kienet applikabbli fiż-żmien meta twettaq ir-reat.

en: If, subsequent to the commission of a criminal offence, the law provides for a lighter penalty, that penalty shall be applicable.2.  
mt: Jekk wara li jsir r-reat, il-liġi tipprovdi għal piena inqas, dik il-piena tkun applikabbli.2.

en: This Article shall not prejudice the trial and punishment of any person for any act or omission which, at the time when it was committed, was criminal according to the general principles recognised by the community of nations.  
mt: Dan l-Artikolu m'għandux jippreġudika l-proċess u l-piena ta' kull persuna għal kull att jew ommissjoni li, fiż-żmien meta sar jew saret, kien jew kienet reat skond il-prinċipji ġenerali rikonoxxuti mill-komunità tan-nazzjonijiet.

en: 3.  
mt: 3.

en: The severity of penalties must not be disproportionate to the criminal offence.  
mt: Is-severità tal-piena m'għandhiex tkun sproporzjonata għar-reat.

en: Explanation  
mt: Spjegazzjoni

en: There has been added the rule of the retroactivity of a more lenient penal law, which exists in a number of Member States and which features in Article 15 of the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.  
mt: Dan l-Artikolu isegwi r-regola tradizzjonali tan-non-retroattività tal-liġijiet u tas-sanzjonijiet kriminali. ġiet miżjuda r-regola tar-retroattività ta' liġi penali li tkun aktar klementi, liema regola teżisti f'għadd ta' Stati Membri u li tinstab fl-Artikolu 15 tal-Patt dwar id-Drittijiet Ċivili u Politiċi.

en: Article 7 of the ECHR is worded as follows:  
mt: L-Artikolu 7 tal-KEDB jinqara kif ġej:

en: ‘ 1.  
mt: “ 1.

en: No one shall be held guilty of any criminal offence on account of any act or omission which did not constitute a criminal offence under national or international law at the time when it was committed.  
mt: ħadd ma għandu jitqies li jkun ħati ta' reat kriminali minħabba f'xi att jew ommissjoni li ma kienux jikkostitwixxu reat kriminali skond liġi nazzjonali jew internazzjonali fil-ħin meta jkun sar.

en: Nor shall a heavier penalty be imposed than the one that was applicable at the time the criminal offence was committed.  
mt: Lanqas ma għandha tingħata piena akbar minn dik li kienet applikabbli fiż-żmien meta r-reat kriminali jkun sar.

en: 2.  
mt: 2.