Buggy python submission (verdict: Runtime Error):
from collections import defaultdict, Counter
from itertools import product, groupby, count, permutations, combinations
from math import pi, sqrt
from collections import deque
from bisect import bisect, bisect_left, bisect_right
INF = float("inf")


def main():
    N, M = map(int, input().split())
    graph = defaultdict(list)

    for _ in range(M):
        A, B = map(int, input().split())
        graph[A].append(B)
        graph[B].append(A)

    route = deque()
    used = set()
    route.appendleft(1)
    used.add(1)
    for n in graph[1]:
        route.append(n)
        used.add(n)
        break

    while True:
        start, end = route[0], route[-1]
        start_ok = True
        for n in graph[start]:
            if n not in used:
                start_ok = False
                route.appendleft(n)
                used.add(n)
                break

        end_ok = True
        for n in graph[end]:
            if n not in used:
                end_ok = False
                route.append(n)
                used.add(n)
                break

        if start_ok and end_ok:
            break

    print(len(route))
    print(*route, sep=" ")


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()


Fixed submission:
from collections import defaultdict, Counter
from itertools import product, groupby, count, permutations, combinations
from math import pi, sqrt
from collections import deque
from bisect import bisect, bisect_left, bisect_right
INF = float("inf")


def main():
    N = int(input())
    a_list = list(map(int, input().split()))

    ans = 0
    state = None
    for i in range(N - 1):
        if a_list[i] == a_list[i + 1]:
            continue

        now = a_list[i] < a_list[i + 1]
        if state is None:
            state = now
            continue
        if state != now:
            ans += 1
            state = None

    print(ans + 1)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

Buggy python submission (verdict: Runtime Error):
from collections import defaultdict, Counter
from itertools import product, groupby, count, permutations, combinations
from math import pi, sqrt
from collections import deque
from bisect import bisect, bisect_left, bisect_right
INF = float("inf")


def main():
    N, M = map(int, input().split())
    graph = defaultdict(list)
    route = []
    for _ in range(M):
        A, B = map(int, input().split())
        if not route:
            route += [A, B]
        graph[A].append(B)
        graph[B].append(A)

    while True:
        start, end = route[0], route[-1]
        start_ok = True
        for n in graph[start]:
            if n not in route:
                start_ok = False
                route = [n] + route
                break

        end_ok = True
        for n in graph[end]:
            if n not in route:
                end_ok = False
                route.append(n)
                break

        if start_ok and end_ok:
            break

    print(len(route))
    print(*route, sep=" ")


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()


Fixed submission:
from collections import defaultdict, Counter
from itertools import product, groupby, count, permutations, combinations
from math import pi, sqrt
from collections import deque
from bisect import bisect, bisect_left, bisect_right
INF = float("inf")


def main():
    N = int(input())
    a_list = list(map(int, input().split()))

    ans = 0
    state = None
    for i in range(N - 1):
        if a_list[i] == a_list[i + 1]:
            continue

        now = a_list[i] < a_list[i + 1]
        if state is None:
            state = now
            continue
        if state != now:
            ans += 1
            state = None

    print(ans + 1)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()