Buggy python submission (verdict: Runtime Error):
from sys import stdin
N, X = [int(x) for x in stdin.readline().rstrip().split()]

heights = [1]
putties = [1]
for _ in range(N):
    heights.append(heights[-1] * 2 + 3)
    putties.append(putties[-1] * 2 + 1)


def solve(n, x):
    if x == 1:
        return 0
    elif 1 < x <= 1+heights[n-1]:
        return solve(n-1, x-1)
    elif x == 2+heights[n-1]:
        return 1+putties[n-1]
    elif 2+heights[n-1] < x < 2+2*heights[n-1]:
        return putties[n-1]+1+solve(n-1,x-2-heights[n-1]) 
    elif x == 3+2*heights[n-1]:
        return 2*putties[n-1]+1
print(solve(N, X))

Fixed submission:
from sys import stdin
N, X = [int(x) for x in stdin.readline().rstrip().split()]

heights = [1]
putties = [1]
for _ in range(N):
    heights.append(heights[-1] * 2 + 3)
    putties.append(putties[-1] * 2 + 1)


def solve(n, x):
    if n == 0 and x == 1:
        return 1
    elif x == 1:
        return 0
    elif 1 < x <= 1+heights[n-1]:
        return solve(n-1, x-1)
    elif x == 2+heights[n-1]:
        return 1+putties[n-1]
    elif 2+heights[n-1] < x <= 2+2*heights[n-1]:
        return putties[n-1]+1+solve(n-1,x-2-heights[n-1]) 
    elif x == 3+2*heights[n-1]:
        return 2*putties[n-1]+1
print(solve(N, X))

Buggy python submission (verdict: Runtime Error):
from sys import stdin
N,X=[int(x) for x in stdin.readline().rstrip().split()]
burger_set=["P"]
for i in range(N):
    new_burger="B"+burger_set[0]+"P"+burger_set[0]+"B"
    burger_set[0]=(new_burger)
ans=burger_set[0][0:X].count('P')
print(ans)

Fixed submission:
from sys import stdin
N, X = [int(x) for x in stdin.readline().rstrip().split()]

heights = [1]
putties = [1]
for _ in range(N):
    heights.append(heights[-1] * 2 + 3)
    putties.append(putties[-1] * 2 + 1)


def solve(n, x):
    if n == 0 and x == 1:
        return 1
    elif x == 1:
        return 0
    elif 1 < x <= 1+heights[n-1]:
        return solve(n-1, x-1)
    elif x == 2+heights[n-1]:
        return 1+putties[n-1]
    elif 2+heights[n-1] < x <= 2+2*heights[n-1]:
        return putties[n-1]+1+solve(n-1,x-2-heights[n-1]) 
    elif x == 3+2*heights[n-1]:
        return 2*putties[n-1]+1
print(solve(N, X))

Buggy python submission (verdict: Runtime Error):
from sys import stdin
N,X=[int(x) for x in stdin.readline().rstrip().split()]
burger_set=["P"]
for i in range(N):
    new_burger="B"+burger_set[0]+"P"+burger_set[0]+"B"
    burger_set.append(new_burger)
    del burger_set[0]
print(burger_set[0].count('P'))

Fixed submission:
from sys import stdin
N, X = [int(x) for x in stdin.readline().rstrip().split()]

heights = [1]
putties = [1]
for _ in range(N):
    heights.append(heights[-1] * 2 + 3)
    putties.append(putties[-1] * 2 + 1)


def solve(n, x):
    if n == 0 and x == 1:
        return 1
    elif x == 1:
        return 0
    elif 1 < x <= 1+heights[n-1]:
        return solve(n-1, x-1)
    elif x == 2+heights[n-1]:
        return 1+putties[n-1]
    elif 2+heights[n-1] < x <= 2+2*heights[n-1]:
        return putties[n-1]+1+solve(n-1,x-2-heights[n-1]) 
    elif x == 3+2*heights[n-1]:
        return 2*putties[n-1]+1
print(solve(N, X))

Buggy python submission (verdict: Runtime Error):
from sys import stdin
N,X=[int(x) for x in stdin.readline().rstrip().split()]
burger_set=["P"]
for i in range(N):
    new_burger="B"+burger_set[i]+"P"+burger_set[i]+"B"
    burger_set.append(new_burger)
print(burger_set[N][0:X].count('P'))

Fixed submission:
from sys import stdin
N, X = [int(x) for x in stdin.readline().rstrip().split()]

heights = [1]
putties = [1]
for _ in range(N):
    heights.append(heights[-1] * 2 + 3)
    putties.append(putties[-1] * 2 + 1)


def solve(n, x):
    if n == 0 and x == 1:
        return 1
    elif x == 1:
        return 0
    elif 1 < x <= 1+heights[n-1]:
        return solve(n-1, x-1)
    elif x == 2+heights[n-1]:
        return 1+putties[n-1]
    elif 2+heights[n-1] < x <= 2+2*heights[n-1]:
        return putties[n-1]+1+solve(n-1,x-2-heights[n-1]) 
    elif x == 3+2*heights[n-1]:
        return 2*putties[n-1]+1
print(solve(N, X))