Buggy python submission (verdict: Time Limit Exceeded):
import os
import sys

if os.getenv("LOCAL"):
    sys.stdin = open("_in.txt", "r")

sys.setrecursionlimit(2147483647)
INF = float("inf")
IINF = 10 ** 18
MOD = 10 ** 9 + 7


class BinaryIndexedTree:
    # http://hos.ac/slides/20140319_bit.pdf
    def __init__(self, size):
        """
        :param int size:
        """
        self._bit = [0] * size
        self._size = size

    def add(self, i, w):
        """
        i 番目に w を加える
        :param int i:
        :param int w:
        :return:
        """
        x = i + 1
        while x <= self._size:
            self._bit[x - 1] += w
            x += x & -x

    def sum(self, i):
        """
        0 番目から i 番目までの合計
        :param int i:
        :return:
        """
        ret = 0
        x = i + 1
        while x > 0:
            ret += self._bit[x - 1]
            x -= x & -x
        return ret

    def __len__(self):
        return self._size


def compress(li, origin=0):
    """
    座圧
    :param li:
    :param int origin:
    :rtype: list of int
    """
    *ret, = map({v: i + origin for i, v in enumerate(sorted(set(li)))}.__getitem__, li)
    return ret


def bisect_left_callable(fn, x, lo, hi):
    """
    :param callable fn:
    :param x:
    :param int lo: 最小値
    :param int hi: 最大値 + 1
    :return: lo <= ret <= hi
    """
    while lo < hi:
        mid = (lo + hi) // 2
        if fn(mid) < x:
            lo = mid + 1
        else:
            hi = mid
    return lo


N = int(sys.stdin.readline())
S = list(map(int, sys.stdin.readline().split()))


def solve(S):
    S = compress(S, origin=1)
    S.sort(reverse=True)

    # bit[i]: サイズが i 以下のスライムの数
    bit = BinaryIndexedTree(size=max(S) + 1)
    for s in S:
        bit.add(s, 1)

    slimes = [S[0]]
    bit.add(S[0], -1)

    for _ in range(N):
        cnt = len(slimes)
        for i in range(cnt):
            # slimes[i] より小さい、一番大きいスライムを作る
            smallers = bit.sum(slimes[i] - 1)
            if smallers == 0:
                return False
            # 作れたら1減らす
            s = bisect_left_callable(bit.sum, smallers, lo=0, hi=slimes[i])
            slimes.append(s)
            bit.add(s, -1)
    return True


if solve(S):
    print('Yes')
else:
    print('No')


Fixed submission:
import bisect
import heapq
import itertools
import math
import operator
import os
import re
import string
import sys
from collections import Counter, deque, defaultdict
from copy import deepcopy
from decimal import Decimal
from fractions import gcd
from functools import lru_cache, reduce
from operator import itemgetter, mul, add, xor

import numpy as np

if os.getenv("LOCAL"):
    sys.stdin = open("_in.txt", "r")

sys.setrecursionlimit(2147483647)
INF = float("inf")
IINF = 10 ** 18
MOD = 10 ** 9 + 7

# 解説AC
N = int(sys.stdin.readline())
S = list(map(int, sys.stdin.readline().split()))


def solve():
    counts = Counter(S)
    nums = list(sorted(counts.keys(), reverse=True))
    if counts[nums[0]] > 1:
        return False

    # 木の深さをもって深いやつから使っていく
    trees = [-i for i in range(1, N + 1)]
    heapq.heapify(trees)

    for n in nums[1:]:
        cnt = counts[n]
        if cnt > len(trees):
            return False
        uses = []
        for _ in range(cnt):
            t = -heapq.heappop(trees)
            uses.append(t)
        # 使ったら t-1 個の木に分解する
        for t in uses:
            for i in range(1, t):
                heapq.heappush(trees, -i)
    return True


if solve():
    print('Yes')
else:
    print('No')