Buggy python submission (verdict: Time Limit Exceeded):
#import sys
#input = sys.stdin.readline
import random
import bisect
#from statistics import mean, median, variance, stdev

#template input

def IT(): #整数1個
    return int(input())
def IL(): #整数複数
    return [int(_) for _ in input().split()]
def IS(): #文字列複数
    return [_ for _ in input().split()]
def ILS(n): #整数1つ　縦にズラーってなってるやつ
    return [int(input()) for _ in range(n)]
def SLS(n): #文字列　縦にズラーってなってるやつ
    return [input() for _ in range(n)]
def ILSS(n): #整数複数　縦にズラーってなってるやつ
    return [[int(_) for _ in input().split()] for j in range(n)]

#template technique
def bit_full_search(ss):
    n = len(ss)
    for i in range(1 << n):
        s = ""
        for j in range(n + 1):
            if ((1 & i >> j) == 1):
                s += ss[j]
        print(s)
def bit_full_search2(A):
    #https://blog.rossywhite.com/2018/08/06/bit-search/
    value = []
    for i in range(1 << len(A)):
        output = []

        for j in range(len(A)):
            if ((i >> j) & 1) == 1:
                #output.append(A[j])
                output.append(A[j])
        value.append([format(i, 'b').zfill(16), sum(output)])

    value.sort(key=lambda x:x[1])
    bin = [value[k][0] for k in range(len(value))]
    val = [value[k][1] for k in range(len(value))]
    return bin, val
def matching_bisect(list1_val, list2_val, n):
    #2分探索
    j = 0
    for i in range(len(list1_val)):
        j = bisect.bisect_left(list2_val, n - list1_val[i])
        if j < len(list2_val):
            if list1_val[i] + list2_val[j] == n:
                #ans = list2_bin[j] + list1_bin[i]
                break
    return j

"""ここからメインコード"""

def daruma(s, cou):
    i = 0
    new_s = ""
    while i+1 <= len(s):
        if i+1 == len(s):
            new_s += s[i]
            i += 1
        else:
            if s[i] == s[i+1]:
                i += 1
                new_s += s[i]
            else:
                i += 2
                cou += 2

    #print(new_s)
    return new_s, cou

def main():

    s = input()
    cou = 0
    while True:
        s, cou = daruma(s, cou)
        if s.count("1") == len(s) or s.count("0") == len(s):
            print(cou)
            break









main()


Fixed submission:
#import sys
#input = sys.stdin.readline
import random
import bisect
#from statistics import mean, median, variance, stdev

#template input

def IT(): #整数1個
    return int(input())
def IL(): #整数複数
    return [int(_) for _ in input().split()]
def IS(): #文字列複数
    return [_ for _ in input().split()]
def ILS(n): #整数1つ　縦にズラーってなってるやつ
    return [int(input()) for _ in range(n)]
def SLS(n): #文字列　縦にズラーってなってるやつ
    return [input() for _ in range(n)]
def ILSS(n): #整数複数　縦にズラーってなってるやつ
    return [[int(_) for _ in input().split()] for j in range(n)]

#template technique
def bit_full_search(ss):
    n = len(ss)
    for i in range(1 << n):
        s = ""
        for j in range(n + 1):
            if ((1 & i >> j) == 1):
                s += ss[j]
        print(s)
def bit_full_search2(A):
    #https://blog.rossywhite.com/2018/08/06/bit-search/
    value = []
    for i in range(1 << len(A)):
        output = []

        for j in range(len(A)):
            if ((i >> j) & 1) == 1:
                #output.append(A[j])
                output.append(A[j])
        value.append([format(i, 'b').zfill(16), sum(output)])

    value.sort(key=lambda x:x[1])
    bin = [value[k][0] for k in range(len(value))]
    val = [value[k][1] for k in range(len(value))]
    return bin, val
def matching_bisect(list1_val, list2_val, n):
    #2分探索
    j = 0
    for i in range(len(list1_val)):
        j = bisect.bisect_left(list2_val, n - list1_val[i])
        if j < len(list2_val):
            if list1_val[i] + list2_val[j] == n:
                #ans = list2_bin[j] + list1_bin[i]
                break
    return j

"""ここからメインコード"""

def main():

    s = input()
    one = s.count("1")
    two = s.count("0")
    print(len(s) - abs(one-two))


main()

Buggy python submission (verdict: Time Limit Exceeded):
#import sys
#input = sys.stdin.readline
import random
import bisect
#from statistics import mean, median, variance, stdev

#template input

def IT(): #整数1個
    return int(input())
def IL(): #整数複数
    return [int(_) for _ in input().split()]
def IS(): #文字列複数
    return [_ for _ in input().split()]
def ILS(n): #整数1つ　縦にズラーってなってるやつ
    return [int(input()) for _ in range(n)]
def SLS(n): #文字列　縦にズラーってなってるやつ
    return [input() for _ in range(n)]
def ILSS(n): #整数複数　縦にズラーってなってるやつ
    return [[int(_) for _ in input().split()] for j in range(n)]

#template technique
def bit_full_search(ss):
    n = len(ss)
    for i in range(1 << n):
        s = ""
        for j in range(n + 1):
            if ((1 & i >> j) == 1):
                s += ss[j]
        print(s)
def bit_full_search2(A):
    #https://blog.rossywhite.com/2018/08/06/bit-search/
    value = []
    for i in range(1 << len(A)):
        output = []

        for j in range(len(A)):
            if ((i >> j) & 1) == 1:
                #output.append(A[j])
                output.append(A[j])
        value.append([format(i, 'b').zfill(16), sum(output)])

    value.sort(key=lambda x:x[1])
    bin = [value[k][0] for k in range(len(value))]
    val = [value[k][1] for k in range(len(value))]
    return bin, val
def matching_bisect(list1_val, list2_val, n):
    #2分探索
    j = 0
    for i in range(len(list1_val)):
        j = bisect.bisect_left(list2_val, n - list1_val[i])
        if j < len(list2_val):
            if list1_val[i] + list2_val[j] == n:
                #ans = list2_bin[j] + list1_bin[i]
                break
    return j

"""ここからメインコード"""

def daruma(s, cou):
    i = 0
    new_s = ""
    while i+1 <= len(s):
        if i+1 == len(s):
            new_s += s[i]
            i += 1
        else:
            if s[i] == s[i+1]:
                i += 1
                new_s += s[i]
            else:
                i += 2
                cou += 2

    #print(new_s)
    return new_s, cou

def main():

    s = input()
    cou = 0
    while True:
        s, cou = daruma(s, cou)
        if s.count("1") == len(s) or s.count("0") == len(s):
            print(cou)
            break









main()


Fixed submission:
#import sys
#input = sys.stdin.readline
import random
import bisect
#from statistics import mean, median, variance, stdev

#template input

def IT(): #整数1個
    return int(input())
def IL(): #整数複数
    return [int(_) for _ in input().split()]
def IS(): #文字列複数
    return [_ for _ in input().split()]
def ILS(n): #整数1つ　縦にズラーってなってるやつ
    return [int(input()) for _ in range(n)]
def SLS(n): #文字列　縦にズラーってなってるやつ
    return [input() for _ in range(n)]
def ILSS(n): #整数複数　縦にズラーってなってるやつ
    return [[int(_) for _ in input().split()] for j in range(n)]

#template technique
def bit_full_search(ss):
    n = len(ss)
    for i in range(1 << n):
        s = ""
        for j in range(n + 1):
            if ((1 & i >> j) == 1):
                s += ss[j]
        print(s)
def bit_full_search2(A):
    #https://blog.rossywhite.com/2018/08/06/bit-search/
    value = []
    for i in range(1 << len(A)):
        output = []

        for j in range(len(A)):
            if ((i >> j) & 1) == 1:
                #output.append(A[j])
                output.append(A[j])
        value.append([format(i, 'b').zfill(16), sum(output)])

    value.sort(key=lambda x:x[1])
    bin = [value[k][0] for k in range(len(value))]
    val = [value[k][1] for k in range(len(value))]
    return bin, val
def matching_bisect(list1_val, list2_val, n):
    #2分探索
    j = 0
    for i in range(len(list1_val)):
        j = bisect.bisect_left(list2_val, n - list1_val[i])
        if j < len(list2_val):
            if list1_val[i] + list2_val[j] == n:
                #ans = list2_bin[j] + list1_bin[i]
                break
    return j

"""ここからメインコード"""

def main():

    s = input()
    one = s.count("1")
    two = s.count("0")
    print(len(s) - abs(one-two))


main()