Buggy python submission (verdict: Runtime Error):
import os
import sys
from io import BytesIO, IOBase



def main():
    # sys.setrecursionlimit(10**6)
    n, m = getints()
    g = [-1] * n
    def find(u):
        if g[u] < 0:
            return u
        else:
            g[u] = find(u)
            return g[u]
    def merge(u, v):
        u = find(u)
        v = find(v)
        if u != v:
            g[u] += g[v]
            g[v] = u
    for _ in range(m):
        a, b = getints()
        merge(a - 1, b - 1)
    cnt = 0
    for i in g:
        if i < 0:
            cnt += 1
    print(cnt - 1)


# region fastio


BUFSIZE = 8192


class FastIO(IOBase):
    newlines = 0

    def __init__(self, file):
        self._fd = file.fileno()
        self.buffer = BytesIO()
        self.writable = "x" in file.mode or "r" not in file.mode
        self.write = self.buffer.write if self.writable else None

    def read(self):
        while True:
            b = os.read(self._fd, max(os.fstat(self._fd).st_size, BUFSIZE))
            if not b:
                break
            ptr = self.buffer.tell()
            self.buffer.seek(0, 2), self.buffer.write(b), self.buffer.seek(ptr)
        self.newlines = 0
        return self.buffer.read()

    def readline(self):
        while self.newlines == 0:
            b = os.read(self._fd, max(os.fstat(self._fd).st_size, BUFSIZE))
            self.newlines = b.count(b"\n") + (not b)
            ptr = self.buffer.tell()
            self.buffer.seek(0, 2), self.buffer.write(b), self.buffer.seek(ptr)
        self.newlines -= 1
        return self.buffer.readline()

    def flush(self):
        if self.writable:
            os.write(self._fd, self.buffer.getvalue())
            self.buffer.truncate(0), self.buffer.seek(0)


class IOWrapper(IOBase):
    def __init__(self, file):
        self.buffer = FastIO(file)
        self.flush = self.buffer.flush
        self.writable = self.buffer.writable
        self.write = lambda s: self.buffer.write(s.encode("ascii"))
        self.read = lambda: self.buffer.read().decode("ascii")
        self.readline = lambda: self.buffer.readline().decode("ascii")


sys.stdin, sys.stdout = IOWrapper(sys.stdin), IOWrapper(sys.stdout)


def input(): return sys.stdin.readline().rstrip("\r\n")
def getint(): return int(input())
def getints(): return list(map(int, input().split()))
def getint1(): return list(map(lambda x: int(x) - 1, input().split()))


# endregion


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

Fixed submission:
import os
import sys
from io import BytesIO, IOBase



def main():
    sys.setrecursionlimit(10**6 + 10)
    n, m = getints()
    g = [0] * n
    for i in range(n):
        g[i] = i
    def find(u):
        if u == g[u]:
            return u
        else:
            g[u] = find(g[u])
            return g[u]
    def merge(u, v):
        g[find(u)] = find(v)
    for _ in range(m):
        a, b = getints()
        merge(a - 1, b - 1)
    cnt = 0
    for i in range(n):
        if i == g[i]:
            cnt += 1
    print(cnt - 1)


# region fastio


BUFSIZE = 8192


class FastIO(IOBase):
    newlines = 0

    def __init__(self, file):
        self._fd = file.fileno()
        self.buffer = BytesIO()
        self.writable = "x" in file.mode or "r" not in file.mode
        self.write = self.buffer.write if self.writable else None

    def read(self):
        while True:
            b = os.read(self._fd, max(os.fstat(self._fd).st_size, BUFSIZE))
            if not b:
                break
            ptr = self.buffer.tell()
            self.buffer.seek(0, 2), self.buffer.write(b), self.buffer.seek(ptr)
        self.newlines = 0
        return self.buffer.read()

    def readline(self):
        while self.newlines == 0:
            b = os.read(self._fd, max(os.fstat(self._fd).st_size, BUFSIZE))
            self.newlines = b.count(b"\n") + (not b)
            ptr = self.buffer.tell()
            self.buffer.seek(0, 2), self.buffer.write(b), self.buffer.seek(ptr)
        self.newlines -= 1
        return self.buffer.readline()

    def flush(self):
        if self.writable:
            os.write(self._fd, self.buffer.getvalue())
            self.buffer.truncate(0), self.buffer.seek(0)


class IOWrapper(IOBase):
    def __init__(self, file):
        self.buffer = FastIO(file)
        self.flush = self.buffer.flush
        self.writable = self.buffer.writable
        self.write = lambda s: self.buffer.write(s.encode("ascii"))
        self.read = lambda: self.buffer.read().decode("ascii")
        self.readline = lambda: self.buffer.readline().decode("ascii")


sys.stdin, sys.stdout = IOWrapper(sys.stdin), IOWrapper(sys.stdout)


def input(): return sys.stdin.readline().rstrip("\r\n")
def getint(): return int(input())
def getints(): return list(map(int, input().split()))
def getint1(): return list(map(lambda x: int(x) - 1, input().split()))


# endregion


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

Buggy python submission (verdict: Runtime Error):
import os
import sys
from io import BytesIO, IOBase



def main():
    sys.setrecursionlimit(10**6)
    n, m = getints()
    g = [-1] * n
    def find(u):
        if g[u] < 0:
            return u
        else:
            g[u] = find(u)
            return g[u]
    def merge(u, v):
        u = find(u)
        v = find(v)
        if u != v:
            g[u] += g[v]
            g[u] = u
    for _ in range(m):
        a, b = getint1()
        merge(a, b)
    cnt = 0
    for i in g:
        if i < 0:
            cnt += 1
    print(cnt - 1)


# region fastio


BUFSIZE = 8192


class FastIO(IOBase):
    newlines = 0

    def __init__(self, file):
        self._fd = file.fileno()
        self.buffer = BytesIO()
        self.writable = "x" in file.mode or "r" not in file.mode
        self.write = self.buffer.write if self.writable else None

    def read(self):
        while True:
            b = os.read(self._fd, max(os.fstat(self._fd).st_size, BUFSIZE))
            if not b:
                break
            ptr = self.buffer.tell()
            self.buffer.seek(0, 2), self.buffer.write(b), self.buffer.seek(ptr)
        self.newlines = 0
        return self.buffer.read()

    def readline(self):
        while self.newlines == 0:
            b = os.read(self._fd, max(os.fstat(self._fd).st_size, BUFSIZE))
            self.newlines = b.count(b"\n") + (not b)
            ptr = self.buffer.tell()
            self.buffer.seek(0, 2), self.buffer.write(b), self.buffer.seek(ptr)
        self.newlines -= 1
        return self.buffer.readline()

    def flush(self):
        if self.writable:
            os.write(self._fd, self.buffer.getvalue())
            self.buffer.truncate(0), self.buffer.seek(0)


class IOWrapper(IOBase):
    def __init__(self, file):
        self.buffer = FastIO(file)
        self.flush = self.buffer.flush
        self.writable = self.buffer.writable
        self.write = lambda s: self.buffer.write(s.encode("ascii"))
        self.read = lambda: self.buffer.read().decode("ascii")
        self.readline = lambda: self.buffer.readline().decode("ascii")


sys.stdin, sys.stdout = IOWrapper(sys.stdin), IOWrapper(sys.stdout)


def input(): return sys.stdin.readline().rstrip("\r\n")
def getint(): return int(input())
def getints(): return list(map(int, input().split()))
def getint1(): return list(map(lambda x: int(x) - 1, input().split()))


# endregion


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

Fixed submission:
import os
import sys
from io import BytesIO, IOBase



def main():
    sys.setrecursionlimit(10**6 + 10)
    n, m = getints()
    g = [0] * n
    for i in range(n):
        g[i] = i
    def find(u):
        if u == g[u]:
            return u
        else:
            g[u] = find(g[u])
            return g[u]
    def merge(u, v):
        g[find(u)] = find(v)
    for _ in range(m):
        a, b = getints()
        merge(a - 1, b - 1)
    cnt = 0
    for i in range(n):
        if i == g[i]:
            cnt += 1
    print(cnt - 1)


# region fastio


BUFSIZE = 8192


class FastIO(IOBase):
    newlines = 0

    def __init__(self, file):
        self._fd = file.fileno()
        self.buffer = BytesIO()
        self.writable = "x" in file.mode or "r" not in file.mode
        self.write = self.buffer.write if self.writable else None

    def read(self):
        while True:
            b = os.read(self._fd, max(os.fstat(self._fd).st_size, BUFSIZE))
            if not b:
                break
            ptr = self.buffer.tell()
            self.buffer.seek(0, 2), self.buffer.write(b), self.buffer.seek(ptr)
        self.newlines = 0
        return self.buffer.read()

    def readline(self):
        while self.newlines == 0:
            b = os.read(self._fd, max(os.fstat(self._fd).st_size, BUFSIZE))
            self.newlines = b.count(b"\n") + (not b)
            ptr = self.buffer.tell()
            self.buffer.seek(0, 2), self.buffer.write(b), self.buffer.seek(ptr)
        self.newlines -= 1
        return self.buffer.readline()

    def flush(self):
        if self.writable:
            os.write(self._fd, self.buffer.getvalue())
            self.buffer.truncate(0), self.buffer.seek(0)


class IOWrapper(IOBase):
    def __init__(self, file):
        self.buffer = FastIO(file)
        self.flush = self.buffer.flush
        self.writable = self.buffer.writable
        self.write = lambda s: self.buffer.write(s.encode("ascii"))
        self.read = lambda: self.buffer.read().decode("ascii")
        self.readline = lambda: self.buffer.readline().decode("ascii")


sys.stdin, sys.stdout = IOWrapper(sys.stdin), IOWrapper(sys.stdout)


def input(): return sys.stdin.readline().rstrip("\r\n")
def getint(): return int(input())
def getints(): return list(map(int, input().split()))
def getint1(): return list(map(lambda x: int(x) - 1, input().split()))


# endregion


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

Buggy python submission (verdict: Runtime Error):
import os
import sys
from io import BytesIO, IOBase



def main():
    n, m = getints()
    g = [-1] * n
    def find(u):
        if g[u] < 0:
            return u
        else:
            g[u] = find(u)
            return g[u]
    def merge(u, v):
        u = find(u)
        v = find(v)
        if u != v:
            g[u] += g[v]
            g[u] = u
    for _ in range(m):
        a, b = getint1()
        merge(a, b)
    cnt = 0
    for i in g:
        if i < 0:
            cnt += 1
    print(cnt - 1)


# region fastio


BUFSIZE = 8192


class FastIO(IOBase):
    newlines = 0

    def __init__(self, file):
        self._fd = file.fileno()
        self.buffer = BytesIO()
        self.writable = "x" in file.mode or "r" not in file.mode
        self.write = self.buffer.write if self.writable else None

    def read(self):
        while True:
            b = os.read(self._fd, max(os.fstat(self._fd).st_size, BUFSIZE))
            if not b:
                break
            ptr = self.buffer.tell()
            self.buffer.seek(0, 2), self.buffer.write(b), self.buffer.seek(ptr)
        self.newlines = 0
        return self.buffer.read()

    def readline(self):
        while self.newlines == 0:
            b = os.read(self._fd, max(os.fstat(self._fd).st_size, BUFSIZE))
            self.newlines = b.count(b"\n") + (not b)
            ptr = self.buffer.tell()
            self.buffer.seek(0, 2), self.buffer.write(b), self.buffer.seek(ptr)
        self.newlines -= 1
        return self.buffer.readline()

    def flush(self):
        if self.writable:
            os.write(self._fd, self.buffer.getvalue())
            self.buffer.truncate(0), self.buffer.seek(0)


class IOWrapper(IOBase):
    def __init__(self, file):
        self.buffer = FastIO(file)
        self.flush = self.buffer.flush
        self.writable = self.buffer.writable
        self.write = lambda s: self.buffer.write(s.encode("ascii"))
        self.read = lambda: self.buffer.read().decode("ascii")
        self.readline = lambda: self.buffer.readline().decode("ascii")


sys.stdin, sys.stdout = IOWrapper(sys.stdin), IOWrapper(sys.stdout)


def input(): return sys.stdin.readline().rstrip("\r\n")
def getint(): return int(input())
def getints(): return list(map(int, input().split()))
def getint1(): return list(map(lambda x: int(x) - 1, input().split()))


# endregion


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

Fixed submission:
import os
import sys
from io import BytesIO, IOBase



def main():
    sys.setrecursionlimit(10**6 + 10)
    n, m = getints()
    g = [0] * n
    for i in range(n):
        g[i] = i
    def find(u):
        if u == g[u]:
            return u
        else:
            g[u] = find(g[u])
            return g[u]
    def merge(u, v):
        g[find(u)] = find(v)
    for _ in range(m):
        a, b = getints()
        merge(a - 1, b - 1)
    cnt = 0
    for i in range(n):
        if i == g[i]:
            cnt += 1
    print(cnt - 1)


# region fastio


BUFSIZE = 8192


class FastIO(IOBase):
    newlines = 0

    def __init__(self, file):
        self._fd = file.fileno()
        self.buffer = BytesIO()
        self.writable = "x" in file.mode or "r" not in file.mode
        self.write = self.buffer.write if self.writable else None

    def read(self):
        while True:
            b = os.read(self._fd, max(os.fstat(self._fd).st_size, BUFSIZE))
            if not b:
                break
            ptr = self.buffer.tell()
            self.buffer.seek(0, 2), self.buffer.write(b), self.buffer.seek(ptr)
        self.newlines = 0
        return self.buffer.read()

    def readline(self):
        while self.newlines == 0:
            b = os.read(self._fd, max(os.fstat(self._fd).st_size, BUFSIZE))
            self.newlines = b.count(b"\n") + (not b)
            ptr = self.buffer.tell()
            self.buffer.seek(0, 2), self.buffer.write(b), self.buffer.seek(ptr)
        self.newlines -= 1
        return self.buffer.readline()

    def flush(self):
        if self.writable:
            os.write(self._fd, self.buffer.getvalue())
            self.buffer.truncate(0), self.buffer.seek(0)


class IOWrapper(IOBase):
    def __init__(self, file):
        self.buffer = FastIO(file)
        self.flush = self.buffer.flush
        self.writable = self.buffer.writable
        self.write = lambda s: self.buffer.write(s.encode("ascii"))
        self.read = lambda: self.buffer.read().decode("ascii")
        self.readline = lambda: self.buffer.readline().decode("ascii")


sys.stdin, sys.stdout = IOWrapper(sys.stdin), IOWrapper(sys.stdout)


def input(): return sys.stdin.readline().rstrip("\r\n")
def getint(): return int(input())
def getints(): return list(map(int, input().split()))
def getint1(): return list(map(lambda x: int(x) - 1, input().split()))


# endregion


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()