Buggy python submission (verdict: Time Limit Exceeded):
"""
演算子は要素とセットでモノイドを形成するようなものでなければならない。
すなわち、結合律が成り立ち単位元が存在する必要がある。

equalityはsetを高速化するために使う。めんどい場合はNoneにしてもOK
"""
class SegmentTree:

    @classmethod
    def all_identity(cls, operator, equality, identity, size):
        return cls(operator, equality, identity, [identity]*(2 << (size-1).bit_length()))

    @classmethod
    def from_initial_data(cls, operator, equality, identity, data):
        size = 1 << (len(data)-1).bit_length()
        temp = [identity]*(2*size)
        temp[size:size+len(data)] = data
        data = temp

        for i in reversed(range(size)):
            data[i] = operator(data[2*i],data[2*i+1])
        return cls(operator, equality, identity, data)

    # これ使わずファクトリーメソッド使いましょうね
    def __init__(self, operator, equality, identity, data):
        if equality is None:
            equality = lambda a,b: False
        self.op = operator
        self.eq = equality
        self.id = identity
        self.data = data
        self.size = len(data)//2

    def _interval(self, a, b):
        a += self.size
        b += self.size
        ra = self.id
        rb = self.id

        data = self.data
        op = self.op
        while a < b:
            if a & 1:
                ra = op(ra,data[a])
                a += 1
            if b & 1:
                b -= 1
                rb = op(data[b],rb)
            a >>= 1
            b >>= 1
        return op(ra,rb)

    def __getitem__(self, i):
        if isinstance(i, slice):
            return self._interval(
                                    0 if i.start is None else i.start,
                                    self.size if i.stop is None else i.stop)
        elif isinstance(i, int):
            return self.data[i+self.size]

    def __setitem__(self, i, v):
        i += self.size
        data = self.data
        op = self.op
        eq = self.eq
        while i and not eq(data[i],v):
            data[i] = v
            v = op(data[i^1],v) if i & 1 else op(v,data[i^1])
            i >>= 1

    def __iter__(self):
        return self.data[self.size:]

from operator import eq

N = int(input())

A = [int(input()) for _ in range(N)]
B = sorted((v,-i) for i,v in enumerate(A))
B = [-i for v,i in B]
i_j = {j:i for i,j in enumerate(B)}

st = SegmentTree.from_initial_data(min, equality=eq, identity=N, data=B)

visit_cnt = 0
cnt = 0
while visit_cnt < N:
    j = 0
    while True:
        i = st[j:]
        if i == N:
            break
        j = i_j[i]
        visit_cnt += 1
        st[j] = N
    cnt += 1

print(cnt)





Fixed submission:
"""
演算子は要素とセットでモノイドを形成するようなものでなければならない。
すなわち、結合律が成り立ち単位元が存在する必要がある。

equalityはsetを高速化するために使う。めんどい場合はNoneにしてもOK
"""
class SegmentTree:

    @classmethod
    def all_identity(cls, operator, equality, identity, size):
        return cls(operator, equality, identity, [identity]*(2 << (size-1).bit_length()))

    @classmethod
    def from_initial_data(cls, operator, equality, identity, data):
        size = 1 << (len(data)-1).bit_length()
        temp = [identity]*(2*size)
        temp[size:size+len(data)] = data
        data = temp

        for i in reversed(range(size)):
            data[i] = operator(data[2*i],data[2*i+1])
        return cls(operator, equality, identity, data)

    # これ使わずファクトリーメソッド使いましょうね
    def __init__(self, operator, equality, identity, data):
        if equality is None:
            equality = lambda a,b: False
        self.op = operator
        self.eq = equality
        self.id = identity
        self.data = data
        self.size = len(data)//2

    def _interval(self, a, b):
        a += self.size
        b += self.size
        ra = self.id
        rb = self.id

        data = self.data
        op = self.op
        while a < b:
            if a & 1:
                ra = op(ra,data[a])
                a += 1
            if b & 1:
                b -= 1
                rb = op(data[b],rb)
            a >>= 1
            b >>= 1
        return op(ra,rb)

    def __getitem__(self, i):
        if isinstance(i, slice):
            return self._interval(
                                    0 if i.start is None else i.start,
                                    self.size if i.stop is None else i.stop)
        elif isinstance(i, int):
            return self.data[i+self.size]

    def __setitem__(self, i, v):
        i += self.size
        data = self.data
        op = self.op
        eq = self.eq
        while i and not eq(data[i],v):
            data[i] = v
            v = op(data[i^1],v) if i & 1 else op(v,data[i^1])
            i >>= 1

    def __iter__(self):
        return self.data[self.size:]

from operator import eq

N = int(input())

B = sorted((v,-i) for i,v in enumerate(int(input()) for _ in range(N)))
B = [-i for v,i in B]
i_j = {j:i for i,j in enumerate(B)}

st = SegmentTree.from_initial_data(min, equality=eq, identity=N, data=B)

visit_cnt = 0
cnt = 0
while visit_cnt < N:
    j = 0
    while True:
        i = st[j:]
        if i == N:
            break
        j = i_j[i]
        visit_cnt += 1
        st[j] = N
    cnt += 1

print(cnt)

Buggy python submission (verdict: Runtime Error):

class Node:
    def __init__(self, val):
        self.val = val
        self.next = None


N = int(input())

A = [int(input()) for _ in range(N)]
A = sorted((v,i) for i,v in enumerate(A))

root = Node(None)

nodes = [None]*N
cur = root
for v,i in A:
    cur.next = Node(v)
    cur = cur.next
    cur.i = i
root = root.next

cur = root
while cur:
    nodes[cur.i] = cur
    cur = cur.next

cnt = 0
for n in nodes:
    if n.val is None:
        continue
    while n:
        prev = n
        cur = n.next
        v = n.val
        n.val = None
        while cur:
            if cur.i > n.i and cur.val > v:
                n = cur
                prev.next = cur.next
                break
            prev = cur
            cur = cur.next
        else:
            n = cur
    cnt += 1

print(cnt)







Fixed submission:
"""
演算子は要素とセットでモノイドを形成するようなものでなければならない。
すなわち、結合律が成り立ち単位元が存在する必要がある。

equalityはsetを高速化するために使う。めんどい場合はNoneにしてもOK
"""
class SegmentTree:

    @classmethod
    def all_identity(cls, operator, equality, identity, size):
        return cls(operator, equality, identity, [identity]*(2 << (size-1).bit_length()))

    @classmethod
    def from_initial_data(cls, operator, equality, identity, data):
        size = 1 << (len(data)-1).bit_length()
        temp = [identity]*(2*size)
        temp[size:size+len(data)] = data
        data = temp

        for i in reversed(range(size)):
            data[i] = operator(data[2*i],data[2*i+1])
        return cls(operator, equality, identity, data)

    # これ使わずファクトリーメソッド使いましょうね
    def __init__(self, operator, equality, identity, data):
        if equality is None:
            equality = lambda a,b: False
        self.op = operator
        self.eq = equality
        self.id = identity
        self.data = data
        self.size = len(data)//2

    def _interval(self, a, b):
        a += self.size
        b += self.size
        ra = self.id
        rb = self.id

        data = self.data
        op = self.op
        while a < b:
            if a & 1:
                ra = op(ra,data[a])
                a += 1
            if b & 1:
                b -= 1
                rb = op(data[b],rb)
            a >>= 1
            b >>= 1
        return op(ra,rb)

    def __getitem__(self, i):
        if isinstance(i, slice):
            return self._interval(
                                    0 if i.start is None else i.start,
                                    self.size if i.stop is None else i.stop)
        elif isinstance(i, int):
            return self.data[i+self.size]

    def __setitem__(self, i, v):
        i += self.size
        data = self.data
        op = self.op
        eq = self.eq
        while i and not eq(data[i],v):
            data[i] = v
            v = op(data[i^1],v) if i & 1 else op(v,data[i^1])
            i >>= 1

    def __iter__(self):
        return self.data[self.size:]

from operator import eq

N = int(input())

B = sorted((v,-i) for i,v in enumerate(int(input()) for _ in range(N)))
B = [-i for v,i in B]
i_j = {j:i for i,j in enumerate(B)}

st = SegmentTree.from_initial_data(min, equality=eq, identity=N, data=B)

visit_cnt = 0
cnt = 0
while visit_cnt < N:
    j = 0
    while True:
        i = st[j:]
        if i == N:
            break
        j = i_j[i]
        visit_cnt += 1
        st[j] = N
    cnt += 1

print(cnt)