Buggy python submission (verdict: Time Limit Exceeded):
def main():
    N, M = map(int, input().split())
    A = list(map(int, input().split()))
    sum_amount = 0
    dists = []
    dists_comb = {}

    for i in range(len(A)):
        k = 1
        if A[i] == 1:
            dists.append((i, k, k))
        else:
            while A[i] // 2**k > 0:
                dists.append((i, (A[i] // 2**(k - 1) - A[i] // 2**k), k))
                k += 1
    
    dists = sorted(dists, key=lambda x: x[1], reverse=True)
    
    for d in dists:
        if M == 0:
            break
        if dists_comb.get(d[0], 0) != 0:
            M -= (d[2] - dists_comb[d[0]])
            dists_comb[d[0]] = d[2]
        else:
            dists_comb[d[0]] = d[2]
            M -= d[2]
    
    if M > 0:
        print(0)
    else:
        for i in range(N):
            sum_amount += A[i] // (2 ** dists_comb.get(i, 0))
        print(sum_amount)
         

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

Fixed submission:
import heapq
from math import ceil


def main():
    N, M = map(int, input().split())

    # As heapq.heappop returns the mininum value of the sequence,
    # we need to multiply -1 in order to attain the maximum
    # value of the sequence.
    A = list(map(lambda x: (-1) * int(x), input().split()))
    heapq.heapify(A)
    for i in range(M):
        heapq.heappush(A, ceil(heapq.heappop(A) / 2))

    print(-sum(A))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

Buggy python submission (verdict: Time Limit Exceeded):
from collections import defaultdict


def main():
    N, M = map(int, input().split())
    A = list(map(int, input().split()))
    sum_amount = 0
    dists = []
    dists_comb = defaultdict(int)

    for i in range(len(A)):
        k = 1
        if A[i] == 1:
            dists.append((i, k, k))
        else:
            while A[i] // 2**k > 0:
                dists.append((i, (A[i] // 2**(k - 1) - A[i] // 2**k), k))
                k += 1
    
    dists = sorted(dists, key=lambda x: x[1], reverse=True)
    
    for d in dists:
        if M == 0:
            break
        if dists_comb[d[0]] != 0:
            M -= (d[2] - dists_comb[d[0]])
            dists_comb[d[0]] = d[2]
        else:
            dists_comb[d[0]] = d[2]
            M -= d[2]
    
    if M > 0:
        print(0)
    else:
        for i in range(N):
            sum_amount += A[i] // (2 ** dists_comb[i])
        print(sum_amount)
         

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

Fixed submission:
import heapq
from math import ceil


def main():
    N, M = map(int, input().split())

    # As heapq.heappop returns the mininum value of the sequence,
    # we need to multiply -1 in order to attain the maximum
    # value of the sequence.
    A = list(map(lambda x: (-1) * int(x), input().split()))
    heapq.heapify(A)
    for i in range(M):
        heapq.heappush(A, ceil(heapq.heappop(A) / 2))

    print(-sum(A))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

Buggy python submission (verdict: Time Limit Exceeded):
from collections import defaultdict


def main():
    N, M = map(int, input().split())
    A = list(map(int, input().split()))
    sum_amount = 0
    dists = []
    dists_comb = defaultdict(int)

    for i in range(len(A)):
        k = 1
        if A[i] == 1:
            dists.append((i, k, k))
        else:
            while A[i] // 2**k > 0:
                dists.append((i, (A[i] // 2**(k - 1) - A[i] // 2**k), k))
                k += 1
    
    dists = sorted(dists, key=lambda x: x[1], reverse=True)
    
    for d in dists:
        if M == 0:
            break
        if dists_comb[d[0]] != 0:
            M -= (d[2] - dists_comb[d[0]])
            dists_comb[d[0]] = d[2]
        else:
            dists_comb[d[0]] = d[2]
            M -= d[2]
    
    if M > 0:
        print(0)
    else:
        for i in range(N):
            sum_amount += A[i] // (2 ** dists_comb[i])
        print(sum_amount)
         

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

Fixed submission:
import heapq
from math import ceil


def main():
    N, M = map(int, input().split())

    # As heapq.heappop returns the mininum value of the sequence,
    # we need to multiply -1 in order to attain the maximum
    # value of the sequence.
    A = list(map(lambda x: (-1) * int(x), input().split()))
    heapq.heapify(A)
    for i in range(M):
        heapq.heappush(A, ceil(heapq.heappop(A) / 2))

    print(-sum(A))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()