Buggy python submission (verdict: Time Limit Exceeded):
n = int(input())
s = input()
q = int(input())


class SegmentTree:
    def __init__(self, a, func=max, one=-10 ** 18):
        self.logn = (len(a) - 1).bit_length()
        self.n = 1 << self.logn
        self.func = func
        self.one = one

        self.b = [self.one] * (2 * self.n - 1)
        for i, j in enumerate(a):
            self.b[i + self.n - 1] = j
        for i in reversed(range(self.n - 1)):
            self.b[i] = self.func(self.b[i * 2 + 1], self.b[i * 2 + 2])

    def get_item(self, i):
        return self.b[i + self.n - 1]

    def update(self, index, x):
        i = index + self.n - 1
        self.b[i] = x
        while i != 0:
            i = (i - 1) // 2
            self.b[i] = self.func(self.b[i * 2 + 1], self.b[i * 2 + 2])

    def update_func(self, index, x):
        i = index + self.n - 1
        self.b[i] = self.func(self.b[i], x)
        while i != 0:
            i = (i - 1) // 2
            self.b[i] = self.func(self.b[i * 2 + 1], self.b[i * 2 + 2])

    def get_segment(self, l, r, i=0):
        j = i - (1 << ((i + 1).bit_length() - 1))+1
        length = 1 << (self.logn - (i + 1).bit_length() + 1)
        ll = j * length
        rr = (j + 1) * length
        if l <= ll and rr <= r:
            return self.b[i]
        elif rr <= l or r <= ll:
            return self.one
        else:
            return self.func(self.get_segment(l, r, i * 2 + 1),
                             self.get_segment(l, r, i * 2 + 2))


def get_int(s):
    abc = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
    return 1<<abc.index(s)


seg = SegmentTree([get_int(i) for i in s], int.__or__, 0)

for _ in range(q):
    q, i, j = input().split()
    if q == "1":
        seg.update(int(i) - 1, get_int(j))
    else:
        aa = seg.get_segment(int(i) - 1, int(j))
        ans = 0
        for i in range(26):
            if (aa >> i) & 1 == 1:
                ans += 1
        print(ans)


Fixed submission:
n = int(input())
s = input()
q = int(input())


class SegmentTree:
    def __init__(self, a, func=max, one=-10 ** 18):
        self.logn = (len(a) - 1).bit_length()
        self.n = 1 << self.logn
        self.func = func
        self.one = one

        self.b = [self.one] * (2 * self.n - 1)
        for i, j in enumerate(a):
            self.b[i + self.n - 1] = j
        for i in reversed(range(self.n - 1)):
            self.b[i] = self.func(self.b[i * 2 + 1], self.b[i * 2 + 2])

    def get_item(self, i):
        return self.b[i + self.n - 1]

    def update(self, index, x):
        i = index + self.n - 1
        self.b[i] = x
        while i != 0:
            i = (i - 1) // 2
            self.b[i] = self.func(self.b[i * 2 + 1], self.b[i * 2 + 2])

    def update_func(self, index, x):
        i = index + self.n - 1
        self.b[i] = self.func(self.b[i], x)
        while i != 0:
            i = (i - 1) // 2
            self.b[i] = self.func(self.b[i * 2 + 1], self.b[i * 2 + 2])

    def get_segment(self, l, r, i=0):
        j = i - (1 << ((i + 1).bit_length() - 1))+1
        length = 1 << (self.logn - (i + 1).bit_length() + 1)
        ll = j * length
        rr = (j + 1) * length
        if l <= ll and rr <= r:
            return self.b[i]
        elif rr <= l or r <= ll:
            return self.one
        else:
            return self.func(self.get_segment(l, r, i * 2 + 1),
                             self.get_segment(l, r, i * 2 + 2))


def get_int(s):
    abc = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
    return 1<<abc.index(s)


seg = SegmentTree([get_int(i) for i in s], int.__or__, 0)

for _ in range(q):
    q, i, j = input().split()
    if q == "1":
        seg.update(int(i) - 1, get_int(j))
    else:
        aa = seg.get_segment(int(i) - 1, int(j))
        ans = 0
        for i in range(26):
            if (aa >> i) & 1 == 1:
                ans += 1
        print(ans)

Buggy python submission (verdict: Runtime Error):
import sys
sys.setrecursionlimit(1000000)
def input():
    return sys.stdin.readline()

n = int(input())
s = input()
q = int(input())


class SegmentTree:
    def __init__(self, a, func=max, one=-10 ** 18):
        self.logn = (len(a) - 1).bit_length()
        self.n = 1 << self.logn
        self.func = func
        self.one = one

        self.b = [self.one] * (2 * self.n - 1)
        for i, j in enumerate(a):
            self.b[i + self.n - 1] = j
        for i in reversed(range(self.n - 1)):
            self.b[i] = self.func(self.b[i * 2 + 1], self.b[i * 2 + 2])

    def get_item(self, i):
        return self.b[i + self.n - 1]

    def update(self, index, x):
        i = index + self.n - 1
        self.b[i] = x
        while i != 0:
            i = (i - 1) // 2
            self.b[i] = self.func(self.b[i * 2 + 1], self.b[i * 2 + 2])

    def update_func(self, index, x):
        i = index + self.n - 1
        self.b[i] = self.func(self.b[i], x)
        while i != 0:
            i = (i - 1) // 2
            self.b[i] = self.func(self.b[i * 2 + 1], self.b[i * 2 + 2])

    def get_segment(self, l, r, i=0):
        j = i - (1 << ((i + 1).bit_length() - 1))+1
        length = 1 << (self.logn - (i + 1).bit_length() + 1)
        ll = j * length
        rr = (j + 1) * length
        if l <= ll and rr <= r:
            return self.b[i]
        elif rr <= l or r <= ll:
            return self.one
        else:
            return self.func(self.get_segment(l, r, i * 2 + 1),
                             self.get_segment(l, r, i * 2 + 2))


abc = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
seg = [SegmentTree([0] * n, int.__add__, False) for _ in range(26)]
string = []
for i, j in enumerate(s):
    k = abc.index(j)
    seg[k].update(i, 1)
    string.append(k)


for _ in range(q):
    q, i, j = input().split()
    if q == "1":
        i = int(i) - 1
        seg[string[i]].update(i, 0)
        seg[abc.index(j)].update(i, 1)
        string[i] = j
    else:
        ans = 0
        for k in seg:
            if k.get_segment(int(i) - 1, int(j)) > 0:
                ans += 1
        print(ans)


Fixed submission:
n = int(input())
s = input()
q = int(input())


class SegmentTree:
    def __init__(self, a, func=max, one=-10 ** 18):
        self.logn = (len(a) - 1).bit_length()
        self.n = 1 << self.logn
        self.func = func
        self.one = one

        self.b = [self.one] * (2 * self.n - 1)
        for i, j in enumerate(a):
            self.b[i + self.n - 1] = j
        for i in reversed(range(self.n - 1)):
            self.b[i] = self.func(self.b[i * 2 + 1], self.b[i * 2 + 2])

    def get_item(self, i):
        return self.b[i + self.n - 1]

    def update(self, index, x):
        i = index + self.n - 1
        self.b[i] = x
        while i != 0:
            i = (i - 1) // 2
            self.b[i] = self.func(self.b[i * 2 + 1], self.b[i * 2 + 2])

    def update_func(self, index, x):
        i = index + self.n - 1
        self.b[i] = self.func(self.b[i], x)
        while i != 0:
            i = (i - 1) // 2
            self.b[i] = self.func(self.b[i * 2 + 1], self.b[i * 2 + 2])

    def get_segment(self, l, r, i=0):
        j = i - (1 << ((i + 1).bit_length() - 1))+1
        length = 1 << (self.logn - (i + 1).bit_length() + 1)
        ll = j * length
        rr = (j + 1) * length
        if l <= ll and rr <= r:
            return self.b[i]
        elif rr <= l or r <= ll:
            return self.one
        else:
            return self.func(self.get_segment(l, r, i * 2 + 1),
                             self.get_segment(l, r, i * 2 + 2))


def get_int(s):
    abc = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
    return 1<<abc.index(s)


seg = SegmentTree([get_int(i) for i in s], int.__or__, 0)

for _ in range(q):
    q, i, j = input().split()
    if q == "1":
        seg.update(int(i) - 1, get_int(j))
    else:
        aa = seg.get_segment(int(i) - 1, int(j))
        ans = 0
        for i in range(26):
            if (aa >> i) & 1 == 1:
                ans += 1
        print(ans)

Buggy python submission (verdict: Runtime Error):
import sys
sys.setrecursionlimit(1000000)
def input():
    return sys.stdin.readline()

n = int(input())
s = input()
q = int(input())


class SegmentTree:
    def __init__(self, a, func=max, one=-10 ** 18):
        self.logn = (len(a) - 1).bit_length()
        self.n = 1 << self.logn
        self.func = func
        self.one = one

        self.b = [self.one] * (2 * self.n - 1)
        for i, j in enumerate(a):
            self.b[i + self.n - 1] = j
        for i in reversed(range(self.n - 1)):
            self.b[i] = self.func(self.b[i * 2 + 1], self.b[i * 2 + 2])

    def get_item(self, i):
        return self.b[i + self.n - 1]

    def update(self, index, x):
        i = index + self.n - 1
        self.b[i] = x
        while i != 0:
            i = (i - 1) // 2
            self.b[i] = self.func(self.b[i * 2 + 1], self.b[i * 2 + 2])

    def update_func(self, index, x):
        i = index + self.n - 1
        self.b[i] = self.func(self.b[i], x)
        while i != 0:
            i = (i - 1) // 2
            self.b[i] = self.func(self.b[i * 2 + 1], self.b[i * 2 + 2])

    def get_segment(self, l, r, i=0):
        j = i - (1 << ((i + 1).bit_length() - 1))+1
        length = 1 << (self.logn - (i + 1).bit_length() + 1)
        ll = j * length
        rr = (j + 1) * length
        if l <= ll and rr <= r:
            return self.b[i]
        elif rr <= l or r <= ll:
            return self.one
        else:
            return self.func(self.get_segment(l, r, i * 2 + 1),
                             self.get_segment(l, r, i * 2 + 2))


abc = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
seg = [SegmentTree([0] * n, int.__add__, False) for _ in range(26)]
string = []
for i, j in enumerate(s):
    k = abc.index(j)
    seg[k].update(i, 1)
    string.append(k)


for _ in range(q):
    q, i, j = input().split()
    if q == "1":
        i = int(i) - 1
        seg[string[i]].update(i, 0)
        seg[abc.index(j)].update(i, 1)
        string[i] = j
    else:
        ans = 0
        for k in seg:
            if k.get_segment(int(i) - 1, int(j)) > 0:
                ans += 1
        print(ans)


Fixed submission:
n = int(input())
s = input()
q = int(input())


class SegmentTree:
    def __init__(self, a, func=max, one=-10 ** 18):
        self.logn = (len(a) - 1).bit_length()
        self.n = 1 << self.logn
        self.func = func
        self.one = one

        self.b = [self.one] * (2 * self.n - 1)
        for i, j in enumerate(a):
            self.b[i + self.n - 1] = j
        for i in reversed(range(self.n - 1)):
            self.b[i] = self.func(self.b[i * 2 + 1], self.b[i * 2 + 2])

    def get_item(self, i):
        return self.b[i + self.n - 1]

    def update(self, index, x):
        i = index + self.n - 1
        self.b[i] = x
        while i != 0:
            i = (i - 1) // 2
            self.b[i] = self.func(self.b[i * 2 + 1], self.b[i * 2 + 2])

    def update_func(self, index, x):
        i = index + self.n - 1
        self.b[i] = self.func(self.b[i], x)
        while i != 0:
            i = (i - 1) // 2
            self.b[i] = self.func(self.b[i * 2 + 1], self.b[i * 2 + 2])

    def get_segment(self, l, r, i=0):
        j = i - (1 << ((i + 1).bit_length() - 1))+1
        length = 1 << (self.logn - (i + 1).bit_length() + 1)
        ll = j * length
        rr = (j + 1) * length
        if l <= ll and rr <= r:
            return self.b[i]
        elif rr <= l or r <= ll:
            return self.one
        else:
            return self.func(self.get_segment(l, r, i * 2 + 1),
                             self.get_segment(l, r, i * 2 + 2))


def get_int(s):
    abc = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
    return 1<<abc.index(s)


seg = SegmentTree([get_int(i) for i in s], int.__or__, 0)

for _ in range(q):
    q, i, j = input().split()
    if q == "1":
        seg.update(int(i) - 1, get_int(j))
    else:
        aa = seg.get_segment(int(i) - 1, int(j))
        ans = 0
        for i in range(26):
            if (aa >> i) & 1 == 1:
                ans += 1
        print(ans)

Buggy python submission (verdict: Runtime Error):
n = int(input())
s = input()
q = int(input())


class SegmentTree:
    def __init__(self, a, func=max, one=-10 ** 18):
        self.logn = (len(a) - 1).bit_length()
        self.n = 1 << self.logn
        self.func = func
        self.one = one

        self.b = [self.one] * (2 * self.n - 1)
        for i, j in enumerate(a):
            self.b[i + self.n - 1] = j
        for i in reversed(range(self.n - 1)):
            self.b[i] = self.func(self.b[i * 2 + 1], self.b[i * 2 + 2])

    def get_item(self, i):
        return self.b[i + self.n - 1]

    def update(self, index, x):
        i = index + self.n - 1
        self.b[i] = x
        while i != 0:
            i = (i - 1) // 2
            self.b[i] = self.func(self.b[i * 2 + 1], self.b[i * 2 + 2])

    def update_func(self, index, x):
        i = index + self.n - 1
        self.b[i] = self.func(self.b[i], x)
        while i != 0:
            i = (i - 1) // 2
            self.b[i] = self.func(self.b[i * 2 + 1], self.b[i * 2 + 2])

    def get_segment(self, l, r, i=0):
        j = i - (1 << ((i + 1).bit_length() - 1))+1
        length = 1 << (self.logn - (i + 1).bit_length() + 1)
        ll = j * length
        rr = (j + 1) * length
        if l <= ll and rr <= r:
            return self.b[i]
        elif rr <= l or r <= ll:
            return self.one
        else:
            return self.func(self.get_segment(l, r, i * 2 + 1),
                             self.get_segment(l, r, i * 2 + 2))


abc = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
seg = [SegmentTree([0] * n, int.__add__, False) for _ in range(26)]
string = []
for i, j in enumerate(s):
    k = abc.index(j)
    seg[k].update(i, 1)
    string.append(k)


for _ in range(q):
    q, i, j = input().split()
    if q == "1":
        i = int(i) - 1
        seg[string[i]].update(i, 0)
        seg[abc.index(j)].update(i, 1)
        string[i] = j
    else:
        ans = 0
        for k in seg:
            if k.get_segment(int(i) - 1, int(j)) > 0:
                ans += 1
        print(ans)


Fixed submission:
n = int(input())
s = input()
q = int(input())


class SegmentTree:
    def __init__(self, a, func=max, one=-10 ** 18):
        self.logn = (len(a) - 1).bit_length()
        self.n = 1 << self.logn
        self.func = func
        self.one = one

        self.b = [self.one] * (2 * self.n - 1)
        for i, j in enumerate(a):
            self.b[i + self.n - 1] = j
        for i in reversed(range(self.n - 1)):
            self.b[i] = self.func(self.b[i * 2 + 1], self.b[i * 2 + 2])

    def get_item(self, i):
        return self.b[i + self.n - 1]

    def update(self, index, x):
        i = index + self.n - 1
        self.b[i] = x
        while i != 0:
            i = (i - 1) // 2
            self.b[i] = self.func(self.b[i * 2 + 1], self.b[i * 2 + 2])

    def update_func(self, index, x):
        i = index + self.n - 1
        self.b[i] = self.func(self.b[i], x)
        while i != 0:
            i = (i - 1) // 2
            self.b[i] = self.func(self.b[i * 2 + 1], self.b[i * 2 + 2])

    def get_segment(self, l, r, i=0):
        j = i - (1 << ((i + 1).bit_length() - 1))+1
        length = 1 << (self.logn - (i + 1).bit_length() + 1)
        ll = j * length
        rr = (j + 1) * length
        if l <= ll and rr <= r:
            return self.b[i]
        elif rr <= l or r <= ll:
            return self.one
        else:
            return self.func(self.get_segment(l, r, i * 2 + 1),
                             self.get_segment(l, r, i * 2 + 2))


def get_int(s):
    abc = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
    return 1<<abc.index(s)


seg = SegmentTree([get_int(i) for i in s], int.__or__, 0)

for _ in range(q):
    q, i, j = input().split()
    if q == "1":
        seg.update(int(i) - 1, get_int(j))
    else:
        aa = seg.get_segment(int(i) - 1, int(j))
        ans = 0
        for i in range(26):
            if (aa >> i) & 1 == 1:
                ans += 1
        print(ans)

Buggy python submission (verdict: Time Limit Exceeded):
n = int(input())
s = input()
q = int(input())


class SegmentTree:
    def __init__(self, a, func=max, one=-10 ** 18):
        self.logn = (len(a) - 1).bit_length()
        self.n = 1 << self.logn
        self.func = func
        self.one = one

        self.b = [self.one] * (2 * self.n - 1)
        for i, j in enumerate(a):
            self.b[i + self.n - 1] = j
        for i in reversed(range(self.n - 1)):
            self.b[i] = self.func(self.b[i * 2 + 1], self.b[i * 2 + 2])

    def get_item(self, i):
        return self.b[i + self.n - 1]

    def update(self, index, x):
        i = index + self.n - 1
        self.b[i] = x
        while i != 0:
            i = (i - 1) // 2
            self.b[i] = self.func(self.b[i * 2 + 1], self.b[i * 2 + 2])

    def update_func(self, index, x):
        i = index + self.n - 1
        self.b[i] = self.func(self.b[i], x)
        while i != 0:
            i = (i - 1) // 2
            self.b[i] = self.func(self.b[i * 2 + 1], self.b[i * 2 + 2])

    def get_segment(self, l, r, i=0):
        j = i - (1 << ((i + 1).bit_length() - 1))+1
        length = 1 << (self.logn - (i + 1).bit_length() + 1)
        ll = j * length
        rr = (j + 1) * length
        if l <= ll and rr <= r:
            return self.b[i]
        elif rr <= l or r <= ll:
            return self.one
        else:
            return self.func(self.get_segment(l, r, i * 2 + 1),
                             self.get_segment(l, r, i * 2 + 2))


seg = SegmentTree([set(i) for i in s], set.union, set())

for _ in range(q):
    q, i, j = input().split()
    if q == "1":
        seg.update(int(i) - 1, set(j))
    else:
        print(len(seg.get_segment(int(i)-1, int(j))))


Fixed submission:
n = int(input())
s = input()
q = int(input())


class SegmentTree:
    def __init__(self, a, func=max, one=-10 ** 18):
        self.logn = (len(a) - 1).bit_length()
        self.n = 1 << self.logn
        self.func = func
        self.one = one

        self.b = [self.one] * (2 * self.n - 1)
        for i, j in enumerate(a):
            self.b[i + self.n - 1] = j
        for i in reversed(range(self.n - 1)):
            self.b[i] = self.func(self.b[i * 2 + 1], self.b[i * 2 + 2])

    def get_item(self, i):
        return self.b[i + self.n - 1]

    def update(self, index, x):
        i = index + self.n - 1
        self.b[i] = x
        while i != 0:
            i = (i - 1) // 2
            self.b[i] = self.func(self.b[i * 2 + 1], self.b[i * 2 + 2])

    def update_func(self, index, x):
        i = index + self.n - 1
        self.b[i] = self.func(self.b[i], x)
        while i != 0:
            i = (i - 1) // 2
            self.b[i] = self.func(self.b[i * 2 + 1], self.b[i * 2 + 2])

    def get_segment(self, l, r, i=0):
        j = i - (1 << ((i + 1).bit_length() - 1))+1
        length = 1 << (self.logn - (i + 1).bit_length() + 1)
        ll = j * length
        rr = (j + 1) * length
        if l <= ll and rr <= r:
            return self.b[i]
        elif rr <= l or r <= ll:
            return self.one
        else:
            return self.func(self.get_segment(l, r, i * 2 + 1),
                             self.get_segment(l, r, i * 2 + 2))


def get_int(s):
    abc = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
    return 1<<abc.index(s)


seg = SegmentTree([get_int(i) for i in s], int.__or__, 0)

for _ in range(q):
    q, i, j = input().split()
    if q == "1":
        seg.update(int(i) - 1, get_int(j))
    else:
        aa = seg.get_segment(int(i) - 1, int(j))
        ans = 0
        for i in range(26):
            if (aa >> i) & 1 == 1:
                ans += 1
        print(ans)

Buggy python submission (verdict: Time Limit Exceeded):
n = int(input())
s = input()
q = int(input())
al = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
al = {al[i]: i for i in range(26)}


def get(i):
    a = [0] * 26
    a[al[i]] = 1
    return a


def add(i, j):
    k = []
    for l, m in zip(i, j):
        k.append(l + m)
    return k


def sub(i, j):
    k = []
    for l, m in zip(i, j):
        k.append(l - m)
    return k


bit = [[0]*26 for _ in range(n+1)]


def ko(i, j):
    global bit
    while i <= n:
        bit[i] = add(bit[i], j)
        i += i & (-i)


def su(i):
    s = [0]*26
    while i != 0:
        s = add(s, bit[i])
        i -= i & (-i)
    return s


a = []
for i in range(n):
    ko(i + 1, get(s[i]))
    a.append(get(s[i]))
for _ in range(q):
    kind, i, j = [k for k in input().split()]
    i = int(i)
    if int(kind) == 1:
        ko(i, sub(get(j),a[i-1]))
        a[i-1] = get(j)
    else:
        j = int(j)
        b = sub(su(j), su(i-1))
        k = 0
        for i in b:
            if i != 0:
                k += 1
        print(k)


Fixed submission:
n = int(input())
s = input()
q = int(input())


class SegmentTree:
    def __init__(self, a, func=max, one=-10 ** 18):
        self.logn = (len(a) - 1).bit_length()
        self.n = 1 << self.logn
        self.func = func
        self.one = one

        self.b = [self.one] * (2 * self.n - 1)
        for i, j in enumerate(a):
            self.b[i + self.n - 1] = j
        for i in reversed(range(self.n - 1)):
            self.b[i] = self.func(self.b[i * 2 + 1], self.b[i * 2 + 2])

    def get_item(self, i):
        return self.b[i + self.n - 1]

    def update(self, index, x):
        i = index + self.n - 1
        self.b[i] = x
        while i != 0:
            i = (i - 1) // 2
            self.b[i] = self.func(self.b[i * 2 + 1], self.b[i * 2 + 2])

    def update_func(self, index, x):
        i = index + self.n - 1
        self.b[i] = self.func(self.b[i], x)
        while i != 0:
            i = (i - 1) // 2
            self.b[i] = self.func(self.b[i * 2 + 1], self.b[i * 2 + 2])

    def get_segment(self, l, r, i=0):
        j = i - (1 << ((i + 1).bit_length() - 1))+1
        length = 1 << (self.logn - (i + 1).bit_length() + 1)
        ll = j * length
        rr = (j + 1) * length
        if l <= ll and rr <= r:
            return self.b[i]
        elif rr <= l or r <= ll:
            return self.one
        else:
            return self.func(self.get_segment(l, r, i * 2 + 1),
                             self.get_segment(l, r, i * 2 + 2))


def get_int(s):
    abc = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
    return 1<<abc.index(s)


seg = SegmentTree([get_int(i) for i in s], int.__or__, 0)

for _ in range(q):
    q, i, j = input().split()
    if q == "1":
        seg.update(int(i) - 1, get_int(j))
    else:
        aa = seg.get_segment(int(i) - 1, int(j))
        ans = 0
        for i in range(26):
            if (aa >> i) & 1 == 1:
                ans += 1
        print(ans)

Buggy python submission (verdict: Time Limit Exceeded):
import numpy as np
n = int(input())
s = input()
q = int(input())
al = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
al = {al[i]:i for i in range(26)}

def get(i):
    return np.identity(26)[al[i]]


bit = [np.zeros(26) for _ in range(n+1)]


def ko(i, j):
    global bit
    while i <= n:
        bit[i] += j
        i += i & (-i)


def su(i):
    s = np.zeros(26)
    while i != 0:
        s += bit[i]
        i -= i & (-i)
    return s


a = []
for i in range(n):
    ko(i + 1, get(s[i]))
    a.append(get(s[i]))
for _ in range(q):
    kind, i, j = [k for k in input().split()]
    i = int(i)
    if int(kind) == 1:
        ko(i, get(j)-a[i-1])
        a[i-1] = get(j)
    else:
        j = int(j)
        b = su(j) - su(i-1)
        k = 0
        for i in b:
            if i != 0:
                k += 1
        print(k)


Fixed submission:
n = int(input())
s = input()
q = int(input())


class SegmentTree:
    def __init__(self, a, func=max, one=-10 ** 18):
        self.logn = (len(a) - 1).bit_length()
        self.n = 1 << self.logn
        self.func = func
        self.one = one

        self.b = [self.one] * (2 * self.n - 1)
        for i, j in enumerate(a):
            self.b[i + self.n - 1] = j
        for i in reversed(range(self.n - 1)):
            self.b[i] = self.func(self.b[i * 2 + 1], self.b[i * 2 + 2])

    def get_item(self, i):
        return self.b[i + self.n - 1]

    def update(self, index, x):
        i = index + self.n - 1
        self.b[i] = x
        while i != 0:
            i = (i - 1) // 2
            self.b[i] = self.func(self.b[i * 2 + 1], self.b[i * 2 + 2])

    def update_func(self, index, x):
        i = index + self.n - 1
        self.b[i] = self.func(self.b[i], x)
        while i != 0:
            i = (i - 1) // 2
            self.b[i] = self.func(self.b[i * 2 + 1], self.b[i * 2 + 2])

    def get_segment(self, l, r, i=0):
        j = i - (1 << ((i + 1).bit_length() - 1))+1
        length = 1 << (self.logn - (i + 1).bit_length() + 1)
        ll = j * length
        rr = (j + 1) * length
        if l <= ll and rr <= r:
            return self.b[i]
        elif rr <= l or r <= ll:
            return self.one
        else:
            return self.func(self.get_segment(l, r, i * 2 + 1),
                             self.get_segment(l, r, i * 2 + 2))


def get_int(s):
    abc = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
    return 1<<abc.index(s)


seg = SegmentTree([get_int(i) for i in s], int.__or__, 0)

for _ in range(q):
    q, i, j = input().split()
    if q == "1":
        seg.update(int(i) - 1, get_int(j))
    else:
        aa = seg.get_segment(int(i) - 1, int(j))
        ans = 0
        for i in range(26):
            if (aa >> i) & 1 == 1:
                ans += 1
        print(ans)

Buggy python submission (verdict: Time Limit Exceeded):
import numpy as np
n = int(input())
s = input()
q = int(input())
al = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"


def get(i):
    return np.identity(26)[al.index(i)]


bit = [np.zeros(26) for _ in range(n+1)]


def ko(i, j):
    global bit
    while i <= n:
        bit[i] += j
        i += i & (-i)


def su(i):
    s = np.zeros(26)
    while i != 0:
        s += bit[i]
        i -= i & (-i)
    return s


a = []
for i in range(n):
    ko(i + 1, get(s[i]))
    a.append(get(s[i]))
for _ in range(q):
    kind, i, j = [k for k in input().split()]
    i = int(i)
    if int(kind) == 1:
        ko(i, get(j)-a[i-1])
        a[i-1] = get(j)
    else:
        j = int(j)
        b = su(j) - su(i-1)
        k = 0
        for i in b:
            if i != 0:
                k += 1
        print(k)


Fixed submission:
n = int(input())
s = input()
q = int(input())


class SegmentTree:
    def __init__(self, a, func=max, one=-10 ** 18):
        self.logn = (len(a) - 1).bit_length()
        self.n = 1 << self.logn
        self.func = func
        self.one = one

        self.b = [self.one] * (2 * self.n - 1)
        for i, j in enumerate(a):
            self.b[i + self.n - 1] = j
        for i in reversed(range(self.n - 1)):
            self.b[i] = self.func(self.b[i * 2 + 1], self.b[i * 2 + 2])

    def get_item(self, i):
        return self.b[i + self.n - 1]

    def update(self, index, x):
        i = index + self.n - 1
        self.b[i] = x
        while i != 0:
            i = (i - 1) // 2
            self.b[i] = self.func(self.b[i * 2 + 1], self.b[i * 2 + 2])

    def update_func(self, index, x):
        i = index + self.n - 1
        self.b[i] = self.func(self.b[i], x)
        while i != 0:
            i = (i - 1) // 2
            self.b[i] = self.func(self.b[i * 2 + 1], self.b[i * 2 + 2])

    def get_segment(self, l, r, i=0):
        j = i - (1 << ((i + 1).bit_length() - 1))+1
        length = 1 << (self.logn - (i + 1).bit_length() + 1)
        ll = j * length
        rr = (j + 1) * length
        if l <= ll and rr <= r:
            return self.b[i]
        elif rr <= l or r <= ll:
            return self.one
        else:
            return self.func(self.get_segment(l, r, i * 2 + 1),
                             self.get_segment(l, r, i * 2 + 2))


def get_int(s):
    abc = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
    return 1<<abc.index(s)


seg = SegmentTree([get_int(i) for i in s], int.__or__, 0)

for _ in range(q):
    q, i, j = input().split()
    if q == "1":
        seg.update(int(i) - 1, get_int(j))
    else:
        aa = seg.get_segment(int(i) - 1, int(j))
        ans = 0
        for i in range(26):
            if (aa >> i) & 1 == 1:
                ans += 1
        print(ans)