Buggy python submission (verdict: Time Limit Exceeded):
'''
自宅用PCでの解答
'''
import math
#import numpy as np
import itertools
import queue
import bisect
from collections import deque,defaultdict
import heapq as hpq
from sys import stdin,setrecursionlimit
#from scipy.sparse.csgraph import dijkstra
#from scipy.sparse import csr_matrix
ipt = stdin.readline
setrecursionlimit(10**7)
mod = 10**9+7
alp = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"

def Mo(n,q,c,qi,base):
    ans = [0]*q
    ln = [-1]*(n+1)

    #BITの構成
    BIT = [0]*(n+1)
    def BIT_query(idx):
        res_sum = 0
        while idx > 0:
            res_sum += BIT[idx]
            idx -= idx&(-idx)
        return res_sum
    def BIT_update(idx,x):
        while idx <= n:
            BIT[idx] += x
            idx += idx&(-idx)
        return

    #Rが小さい方から見ていく,BITによる累積和の処理を含む
    pr = 0
    for ist in qi:
        i = ist%(base)
        l = (ist//(base))%(base)
        r = ist//(base)**2
        for j in range(pr,r):
            cj = c[j]
            ij = ln[cj]
            if ij != -1:
                BIT_update(ij,-1)
            ln[cj] = j+1
            BIT_update(j+1,1)
        pr = r
        ans[i] = BIT_query(r)-BIT_query(l-1)
    return ans

def main():
    n,q = map(int,ipt().split())
    c = [int(i) for i in ipt().split()]
    qi = []
    base = 10**6+1
    for i in range(q):
        l,r = map(int,ipt().split())
        qi.append(r*(base**2)+l*base+i)
    qi.sort()

    ans = Mo(n,q,c,qi,10**6+1)

    for i in ans:
        print(i)

    return None

if __name__ == '__main__':

    main()


Fixed submission:
'''
自宅用PCでの解答
'''
import math
#import numpy as np
import itertools
import queue
import bisect
from collections import deque,defaultdict
import heapq as hpq
from sys import stdin,setrecursionlimit
#from scipy.sparse.csgraph import dijkstra
#from scipy.sparse import csr_matrix
ipt = stdin.readline
setrecursionlimit(10**7)
mod = 10**9+7
alp = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"

def main():
    n,q = map(int,ipt().split())
#    n = 5*10**5
#    q = 5*10**5
#    c = [int(i)+1 for i in range(n)]
    c = [int(i) for i in ipt().split()]
    qi = []
    for i in range(q):
        l,r = map(int,ipt().split())
        qi.append(r*((10**6+1)**2)+l*(10**6+1)+i)

    qi.sort()

    ans = [0]*q
    ln = [-1]*(n+1)
    bq_al = [0]*(n+1)

    #Bit_Indexed_Tree
    #A1 ... AnのBIT(1-indexed)
    BIT = [0]*(n+1)

    #A1 ~ Aiまでの和 O(logN)
    def BIT_query(idx):
        res_sum = 0
        while idx > 0:
            res_sum += BIT[idx]
            idx -= idx&(-idx)
        return res_sum

    #Ai += x O(logN)
    def BIT_update(idx,x):
        while idx <= n:
            BIT[idx] += x
            idx += idx&(-idx)
        return

    pr = 0
    for ist in qi:
        i = ist%(10**6+1)
        l = (ist//(10**6+1))%(10**6+1)
        r = ist//(10**6+1)**2
        for j in range(pr,r):
            cj = c[j]
            ij = ln[cj]
            if ij != -1:
                BIT_update(ij,-1)
            ln[cj] = j+1
            BIT_update(j+1,1)
        pr = r

        ans[i] = BIT_query(r)-BIT_query(l-1)


    for i in ans:
        print(i)

    return None

if __name__ == '__main__':

    main()

Buggy python submission (verdict: Runtime Error):
'''
自宅用PCでの解答
'''
import math
#import numpy as np
import itertools
import queue
import bisect
from collections import deque,defaultdict
import heapq as hpq
from sys import stdin,setrecursionlimit
#from scipy.sparse.csgraph import dijkstra
#from scipy.sparse import csr_matrix
ipt = stdin.readline
setrecursionlimit(10**7)
mod = 10**9+7
alp = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"

def main():
    n,q = map(int,ipt().split())
#    n = 5*10**5
#    q = 5*10**5
#    c = [int(i)+1 for i in range(n)]
    c = list(ipt().split())
    qi = []
    for i in range(q):
        l,r = map(int,ipt().split())
        qi.append(r*((10**6+1)**2)+l*(10**6+1)+i)

    qi.sort()

    ans = [0]*q
    ln = [-1]*(n+1)
    bq_al = [0]*(n+1)

    #Bit_Indexed_Tree
    #A1 ... AnのBIT(1-indexed)
    BIT = [0]*(n+1)

    #A1 ~ Aiまでの和 O(logN)
    def BIT_query(idx):
        res_sum = 0
        while idx > 0:
            res_sum += BIT[idx]
            idx -= idx&(-idx)
        return res_sum

    #Ai += x O(logN)
    def BIT_update(idx,x):
        while idx <= n:
            BIT[idx] += x
            idx += idx&(-idx)
        return

    pr = 0
    for ist in qi:
        i = ist%(10**6+1)
        l = (ist//(10**6+1))%(10**6+1)
        r = ist//(10**6+1)**2
        for j in range(pr,r):
            cj = c[j]
            ij = ln[cj]
            if ij != -1:
                BIT_update(ij,-1)
            ln[cj] = j+1
            BIT_update(j+1,1)
        pr = r

        ans[i] = BIT_query(r)-BIT_query(l-1)


    for i in ans:
        print(i)

    return None

if __name__ == '__main__':

    main()


Fixed submission:
'''
自宅用PCでの解答
'''
import math
#import numpy as np
import itertools
import queue
import bisect
from collections import deque,defaultdict
import heapq as hpq
from sys import stdin,setrecursionlimit
#from scipy.sparse.csgraph import dijkstra
#from scipy.sparse import csr_matrix
ipt = stdin.readline
setrecursionlimit(10**7)
mod = 10**9+7
alp = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"

def main():
    n,q = map(int,ipt().split())
#    n = 5*10**5
#    q = 5*10**5
#    c = [int(i)+1 for i in range(n)]
    c = [int(i) for i in ipt().split()]
    qi = []
    for i in range(q):
        l,r = map(int,ipt().split())
        qi.append(r*((10**6+1)**2)+l*(10**6+1)+i)

    qi.sort()

    ans = [0]*q
    ln = [-1]*(n+1)
    bq_al = [0]*(n+1)

    #Bit_Indexed_Tree
    #A1 ... AnのBIT(1-indexed)
    BIT = [0]*(n+1)

    #A1 ~ Aiまでの和 O(logN)
    def BIT_query(idx):
        res_sum = 0
        while idx > 0:
            res_sum += BIT[idx]
            idx -= idx&(-idx)
        return res_sum

    #Ai += x O(logN)
    def BIT_update(idx,x):
        while idx <= n:
            BIT[idx] += x
            idx += idx&(-idx)
        return

    pr = 0
    for ist in qi:
        i = ist%(10**6+1)
        l = (ist//(10**6+1))%(10**6+1)
        r = ist//(10**6+1)**2
        for j in range(pr,r):
            cj = c[j]
            ij = ln[cj]
            if ij != -1:
                BIT_update(ij,-1)
            ln[cj] = j+1
            BIT_update(j+1,1)
        pr = r

        ans[i] = BIT_query(r)-BIT_query(l-1)


    for i in ans:
        print(i)

    return None

if __name__ == '__main__':

    main()

Buggy python submission (verdict: Time Limit Exceeded):
'''
自宅用PCでの解答
'''
import math
#import numpy as np
import itertools
import queue
import bisect
from collections import deque,defaultdict
import heapq as hpq
from sys import stdin,setrecursionlimit
#from scipy.sparse.csgraph import dijkstra
#from scipy.sparse import csr_matrix
ipt = stdin.readline
setrecursionlimit(10**7)
mod = 10**9+7
alp = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"

def main():
    n,q = map(int,ipt().split())
#    n = 5*10**5
#    q = 5*10**5
#    c = [int(i)+1 for i in range(n)]
    c = [int(i) for i in ipt().split()]
    qi = []
    for i in range(q):
        l,r = map(int,ipt().split())
        qi.append(r*10**14+l*10**7+i)

    qi.sort()

    ans = [-1]*q
    ln = [-1]*(n+1)
    bq_al = [0]*(n+1)

    #Bit_Indexed_Tree
    #A1 ... AnのBIT(1-indexed)
    BIT = [0]*(n+1)

    #A1 ~ Aiまでの和 O(logN)
    def BIT_query(idx):
        res_sum = 0
        while idx > 0:
            res_sum += BIT[idx]
            idx -= idx&(-idx)
        return res_sum

    #Ai += x O(logN)
    def BIT_update(idx,x):
        while idx <= n:
            BIT[idx] += x
            idx += idx&(-idx)
        return

    pr = 0
    for ist in qi:
        i = ist%10**7
        l = (ist//10**7)%10**7
        r = ist//10**14
        for j in range(pr,r):
            cj = c[j]
            ij = ln[cj]
            if ij != -1:
                BIT_update(ij,-1)
            ln[cj] = j+1
            BIT_update(j+1,1)
        pr = r

        ans[i] = BIT_query(r)-BIT_query(l-1)

    for i in ans:
        print(i)

    return None

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()


Fixed submission:
'''
自宅用PCでの解答
'''
import math
#import numpy as np
import itertools
import queue
import bisect
from collections import deque,defaultdict
import heapq as hpq
from sys import stdin,setrecursionlimit
#from scipy.sparse.csgraph import dijkstra
#from scipy.sparse import csr_matrix
ipt = stdin.readline
setrecursionlimit(10**7)
mod = 10**9+7
alp = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"

def main():
    n,q = map(int,ipt().split())
#    n = 5*10**5
#    q = 5*10**5
#    c = [int(i)+1 for i in range(n)]
    c = [int(i) for i in ipt().split()]
    qi = []
    for i in range(q):
        l,r = map(int,ipt().split())
        qi.append(r*((10**6+1)**2)+l*(10**6+1)+i)

    qi.sort()

    ans = [0]*q
    ln = [-1]*(n+1)
    bq_al = [0]*(n+1)

    #Bit_Indexed_Tree
    #A1 ... AnのBIT(1-indexed)
    BIT = [0]*(n+1)

    #A1 ~ Aiまでの和 O(logN)
    def BIT_query(idx):
        res_sum = 0
        while idx > 0:
            res_sum += BIT[idx]
            idx -= idx&(-idx)
        return res_sum

    #Ai += x O(logN)
    def BIT_update(idx,x):
        while idx <= n:
            BIT[idx] += x
            idx += idx&(-idx)
        return

    pr = 0
    for ist in qi:
        i = ist%(10**6+1)
        l = (ist//(10**6+1))%(10**6+1)
        r = ist//(10**6+1)**2
        for j in range(pr,r):
            cj = c[j]
            ij = ln[cj]
            if ij != -1:
                BIT_update(ij,-1)
            ln[cj] = j+1
            BIT_update(j+1,1)
        pr = r

        ans[i] = BIT_query(r)-BIT_query(l-1)


    for i in ans:
        print(i)

    return None

if __name__ == '__main__':

    main()

Buggy python submission (verdict: Runtime Error):
'''
自宅用PCでの解答
'''
import math
#import numpy as np
import itertools
import queue
import bisect
from collections import deque,defaultdict
import heapq as hpq
from sys import stdin,setrecursionlimit
#from scipy.sparse.csgraph import dijkstra
#from scipy.sparse import csr_matrix
ipt = stdin.readline
setrecursionlimit(10**7)
mod = 10**9+7
alp = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"

def main():
    n,q = map(int,ipt().split())
#    n = 5*10**5
#    q = 5*10**5
#    c = [int(i)+1 for i in range(n)]
    c = [int(i) for i in ipt().split()]
    qi = []
    for i in range(q):
        l,r = map(int,ipt().split())
        qi.append((r,l,i))

    qi.sort()

    ans = [-1]*q
    ln = [-1]*(n+1)
    bq_al = [0]*(n+1)

    #Bit_Indexed_Tree
    #A1 ... AnのBIT(1-indexed)
    BIT = [0]*(n+1)

    #A1 ~ Aiまでの和 O(logN)
    def BIT_query(idx):
        res_sum = 0
        while idx > 0:
            res_sum += BIT[idx]
            idx -= idx&(-idx)
        return res_sum

    #Ai += x O(logN)
    def BIT_update(idx,x):
        while idx <= n:
            BIT[idx] += x
            idx += idx&(-idx)
        return
'''
    pr = 0
    for r,l,i in qi:
        for j in range(pr,r):
            cj = c[j]
            ij = ln[cj]
            if ij != -1:
                BIT_update(ij,-1)
            ln[cj] = j+1
            BIT_update(j+1,1)
        pr = r

        ans[i] = BIT_query(r)-BIT_query(l-1)
'''
    for i in ans:
        print(i)

    return None

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()


Fixed submission:
'''
自宅用PCでの解答
'''
import math
#import numpy as np
import itertools
import queue
import bisect
from collections import deque,defaultdict
import heapq as hpq
from sys import stdin,setrecursionlimit
#from scipy.sparse.csgraph import dijkstra
#from scipy.sparse import csr_matrix
ipt = stdin.readline
setrecursionlimit(10**7)
mod = 10**9+7
alp = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"

def main():
    n,q = map(int,ipt().split())
#    n = 5*10**5
#    q = 5*10**5
#    c = [int(i)+1 for i in range(n)]
    c = [int(i) for i in ipt().split()]
    qi = []
    for i in range(q):
        l,r = map(int,ipt().split())
        qi.append(r*((10**6+1)**2)+l*(10**6+1)+i)

    qi.sort()

    ans = [0]*q
    ln = [-1]*(n+1)
    bq_al = [0]*(n+1)

    #Bit_Indexed_Tree
    #A1 ... AnのBIT(1-indexed)
    BIT = [0]*(n+1)

    #A1 ~ Aiまでの和 O(logN)
    def BIT_query(idx):
        res_sum = 0
        while idx > 0:
            res_sum += BIT[idx]
            idx -= idx&(-idx)
        return res_sum

    #Ai += x O(logN)
    def BIT_update(idx,x):
        while idx <= n:
            BIT[idx] += x
            idx += idx&(-idx)
        return

    pr = 0
    for ist in qi:
        i = ist%(10**6+1)
        l = (ist//(10**6+1))%(10**6+1)
        r = ist//(10**6+1)**2
        for j in range(pr,r):
            cj = c[j]
            ij = ln[cj]
            if ij != -1:
                BIT_update(ij,-1)
            ln[cj] = j+1
            BIT_update(j+1,1)
        pr = r

        ans[i] = BIT_query(r)-BIT_query(l-1)


    for i in ans:
        print(i)

    return None

if __name__ == '__main__':

    main()

Buggy python submission (verdict: Time Limit Exceeded):
'''
自宅用PCでの解答
'''
import math
#import numpy as np
import itertools
import queue
import bisect
from collections import deque,defaultdict
import heapq as hpq
from sys import stdin,setrecursionlimit
#from scipy.sparse.csgraph import dijkstra
#from scipy.sparse import csr_matrix
ipt = stdin.readline
setrecursionlimit(10**7)
mod = 10**9+7
alp = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"

def main():
    n,q = map(int,ipt().split())
#    n = 5*10**5
#    q = 5*10**5
#    c = [int(i)+1 for i in range(n)]
    c = [int(i) for i in ipt().split()]
    qi = []
    for i in range(q):
        l,r = map(int,ipt().split())
        qi.append((r,l,i))

    qi.sort()

    ans = [-1]*q
    ln = [-1]*(n+1)
    bq_al = [0]*(n+1)

    #Bit_Indexed_Tree
    #A1 ... AnのBIT(1-indexed)
    BIT = [0]*(n+1)

    #A1 ~ Aiまでの和 O(logN)
    def BIT_query(idx):
        res_sum = 0
        while idx > 0:
            res_sum += BIT[idx]
            idx -= idx&(-idx)
        return res_sum

    #Ai += x O(logN)
    def BIT_update(idx,x):
        while idx <= n:
            BIT[idx] += x
            idx += idx&(-idx)
        return

    pr = 0
    for r,l,i in qi:
        for j in range(pr,r):
            cj = c[j]
            ij = ln[cj]
            if ij != -1:
                BIT_update(ij,-1)
            ln[cj] = j+1
            BIT_update(j+1,1)
        pr = r
        if bq_al[r] == 0:
            bq_al[r] = BIT_query(r)

        ans[i] = bq_al[r]-BIT_query(l-1)

    for i in ans:
        print(i)

    return None

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()


Fixed submission:
'''
自宅用PCでの解答
'''
import math
#import numpy as np
import itertools
import queue
import bisect
from collections import deque,defaultdict
import heapq as hpq
from sys import stdin,setrecursionlimit
#from scipy.sparse.csgraph import dijkstra
#from scipy.sparse import csr_matrix
ipt = stdin.readline
setrecursionlimit(10**7)
mod = 10**9+7
alp = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"

def main():
    n,q = map(int,ipt().split())
#    n = 5*10**5
#    q = 5*10**5
#    c = [int(i)+1 for i in range(n)]
    c = [int(i) for i in ipt().split()]
    qi = []
    for i in range(q):
        l,r = map(int,ipt().split())
        qi.append(r*((10**6+1)**2)+l*(10**6+1)+i)

    qi.sort()

    ans = [0]*q
    ln = [-1]*(n+1)
    bq_al = [0]*(n+1)

    #Bit_Indexed_Tree
    #A1 ... AnのBIT(1-indexed)
    BIT = [0]*(n+1)

    #A1 ~ Aiまでの和 O(logN)
    def BIT_query(idx):
        res_sum = 0
        while idx > 0:
            res_sum += BIT[idx]
            idx -= idx&(-idx)
        return res_sum

    #Ai += x O(logN)
    def BIT_update(idx,x):
        while idx <= n:
            BIT[idx] += x
            idx += idx&(-idx)
        return

    pr = 0
    for ist in qi:
        i = ist%(10**6+1)
        l = (ist//(10**6+1))%(10**6+1)
        r = ist//(10**6+1)**2
        for j in range(pr,r):
            cj = c[j]
            ij = ln[cj]
            if ij != -1:
                BIT_update(ij,-1)
            ln[cj] = j+1
            BIT_update(j+1,1)
        pr = r

        ans[i] = BIT_query(r)-BIT_query(l-1)


    for i in ans:
        print(i)

    return None

if __name__ == '__main__':

    main()

Buggy python submission (verdict: Time Limit Exceeded):
'''
自宅用PCでの解答
'''
import math
#import numpy as np
import itertools
import queue
import bisect
from collections import deque,defaultdict
import heapq as hpq
from sys import stdin,setrecursionlimit
#from scipy.sparse.csgraph import dijkstra
#from scipy.sparse import csr_matrix
ipt = stdin.readline
setrecursionlimit(10**7)
mod = 10**9+7
alp = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"

def main():
    n,q = map(int,ipt().split())
#    n = 5*10**5
#    q = 5*10**5
#    c = [int(i)+1 for i in range(n)]
    c = [int(i) for i in ipt().split()]
    qi = []
    for i in range(q):
        l,r = map(int,ipt().split())
        qi.append((r,l,i))

    qi.sort()

    ans = [-1]*q
    ln = [-1]*(n+1)

    #Bit_Indexed_Tree
    #A1 ... AnのBIT(1-indexed)
    BIT = [0]*(n+1)

    #A1 ~ Aiまでの和 O(logN)
    def BIT_query(idx):
        res_sum = 0
        while idx > 0:
            res_sum += BIT[idx]
            idx -= idx&(-idx)
        return res_sum

    #Ai += x O(logN)
    def BIT_update(idx,x):
        while idx <= n:
            BIT[idx] += x
            idx += idx&(-idx)
        return

    pr = 0
    for r,l,i in qi:
        for j in range(pr,r):
            cj = c[j]
            ij = ln[cj]
            if ij != -1:
                BIT_update(ij,-1)
            ln[cj] = j+1
            BIT_update(j+1,1)
        pr = r
        ans[i] = BIT_query(r)-BIT_query(l-1)

    for i in ans:
        print(i)

    return None

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()


Fixed submission:
'''
自宅用PCでの解答
'''
import math
#import numpy as np
import itertools
import queue
import bisect
from collections import deque,defaultdict
import heapq as hpq
from sys import stdin,setrecursionlimit
#from scipy.sparse.csgraph import dijkstra
#from scipy.sparse import csr_matrix
ipt = stdin.readline
setrecursionlimit(10**7)
mod = 10**9+7
alp = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"

def main():
    n,q = map(int,ipt().split())
#    n = 5*10**5
#    q = 5*10**5
#    c = [int(i)+1 for i in range(n)]
    c = [int(i) for i in ipt().split()]
    qi = []
    for i in range(q):
        l,r = map(int,ipt().split())
        qi.append(r*((10**6+1)**2)+l*(10**6+1)+i)

    qi.sort()

    ans = [0]*q
    ln = [-1]*(n+1)
    bq_al = [0]*(n+1)

    #Bit_Indexed_Tree
    #A1 ... AnのBIT(1-indexed)
    BIT = [0]*(n+1)

    #A1 ~ Aiまでの和 O(logN)
    def BIT_query(idx):
        res_sum = 0
        while idx > 0:
            res_sum += BIT[idx]
            idx -= idx&(-idx)
        return res_sum

    #Ai += x O(logN)
    def BIT_update(idx,x):
        while idx <= n:
            BIT[idx] += x
            idx += idx&(-idx)
        return

    pr = 0
    for ist in qi:
        i = ist%(10**6+1)
        l = (ist//(10**6+1))%(10**6+1)
        r = ist//(10**6+1)**2
        for j in range(pr,r):
            cj = c[j]
            ij = ln[cj]
            if ij != -1:
                BIT_update(ij,-1)
            ln[cj] = j+1
            BIT_update(j+1,1)
        pr = r

        ans[i] = BIT_query(r)-BIT_query(l-1)


    for i in ans:
        print(i)

    return None

if __name__ == '__main__':

    main()

Buggy python submission (verdict: Time Limit Exceeded):
'''
自宅用PCでの解答
'''
import math
#import numpy as np
import itertools
import queue
import bisect
from collections import deque,defaultdict
import heapq as hpq
from sys import stdin,setrecursionlimit
#from scipy.sparse.csgraph import dijkstra
#from scipy.sparse import csr_matrix
ipt = stdin.readline
setrecursionlimit(10**7)
mod = 10**9+7
alp = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"

class SegTree:
    """
    init(init_val, ide_ele): 配列init_valで初期化 O(N)
    update(k, x): k番目の値をxに更新 O(logN)
    query(l, r): 区間[l, r)をsegfuncしたものを返す O(logN)
    """
    def __init__(self, init_val, segfunc, ide_ele):
        """
        init_val: 配列の初期値
        segfunc: 区間にしたい操作
        ide_ele: 単位元
        n: 要素数
        num: n以上の最小の2のべき乗
        tree: セグメント木(1-index)
        """
        n = len(init_val)
        self.segfunc = segfunc
        self.ide_ele = ide_ele
        self.num = 1 << (n - 1).bit_length()
        self.tree = [ide_ele] * 2 * self.num
        # 配列の値を葉にセット
        for i in range(n):
            self.tree[self.num + i] = init_val[i]
        # 構築していく
        for i in range(self.num - 1, 0, -1):
            self.tree[i] = self.segfunc(self.tree[2 * i], self.tree[2 * i + 1])

    def update(self, k, x):
        """
        k番目の値をxに更新
        k: index(0-index)
        x: update value
        """
        k += self.num
        self.tree[k] = x
        while k > 1:
            self.tree[k >> 1] = self.segfunc(self.tree[k], self.tree[k ^ 1])
            k >>= 1

    def query(self, l, r):
        """
        [l, r)のsegfuncしたものを得る
        l: index(0-index)
        r: index(0-index)
        """
        res = self.ide_ele

        l += self.num
        r += self.num
        while l < r:
            if l & 1:
                res = self.segfunc(res, self.tree[l])
                l += 1
            if r & 1:
                res = self.segfunc(res, self.tree[r - 1])
            l >>= 1
            r >>= 1
        return res


def main():
    n,q = map(int,ipt().split())
#    n = 5*10**5
#    q = 5*10**5
#    c = [int(i+1) for i in range(n)]
    c = [2**(int(i)-1) for i in ipt().split()]

    def segfunc(x,y):
        return x|y

    def popcnt(n):
        return bin(n).count("1")

    ST = SegTree(c,segfunc,0)

    for i in range(q):
#        l = 2; r = 5*10**5-1
        l,r = map(int,ipt().split())
        print(popcnt(ST.query(l-1,r)))

    return None

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()


Fixed submission:
'''
自宅用PCでの解答
'''
import math
#import numpy as np
import itertools
import queue
import bisect
from collections import deque,defaultdict
import heapq as hpq
from sys import stdin,setrecursionlimit
#from scipy.sparse.csgraph import dijkstra
#from scipy.sparse import csr_matrix
ipt = stdin.readline
setrecursionlimit(10**7)
mod = 10**9+7
alp = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"

def main():
    n,q = map(int,ipt().split())
#    n = 5*10**5
#    q = 5*10**5
#    c = [int(i)+1 for i in range(n)]
    c = [int(i) for i in ipt().split()]
    qi = []
    for i in range(q):
        l,r = map(int,ipt().split())
        qi.append(r*((10**6+1)**2)+l*(10**6+1)+i)

    qi.sort()

    ans = [0]*q
    ln = [-1]*(n+1)
    bq_al = [0]*(n+1)

    #Bit_Indexed_Tree
    #A1 ... AnのBIT(1-indexed)
    BIT = [0]*(n+1)

    #A1 ~ Aiまでの和 O(logN)
    def BIT_query(idx):
        res_sum = 0
        while idx > 0:
            res_sum += BIT[idx]
            idx -= idx&(-idx)
        return res_sum

    #Ai += x O(logN)
    def BIT_update(idx,x):
        while idx <= n:
            BIT[idx] += x
            idx += idx&(-idx)
        return

    pr = 0
    for ist in qi:
        i = ist%(10**6+1)
        l = (ist//(10**6+1))%(10**6+1)
        r = ist//(10**6+1)**2
        for j in range(pr,r):
            cj = c[j]
            ij = ln[cj]
            if ij != -1:
                BIT_update(ij,-1)
            ln[cj] = j+1
            BIT_update(j+1,1)
        pr = r

        ans[i] = BIT_query(r)-BIT_query(l-1)


    for i in ans:
        print(i)

    return None

if __name__ == '__main__':

    main()

Buggy python submission (verdict: Time Limit Exceeded):
'''
自宅用PCでの解答
'''
import math
#import numpy as np
import itertools
import queue
import bisect
from collections import deque,defaultdict
import heapq as hpq
from sys import stdin,setrecursionlimit
#from scipy.sparse.csgraph import dijkstra
#from scipy.sparse import csr_matrix
ipt = stdin.readline
setrecursionlimit(10**7)
mod = 10**9+7
alp = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"

class SegTree:
    """
    init(init_val, ide_ele): 配列init_valで初期化 O(N)
    update(k, x): k番目の値をxに更新 O(logN)
    query(l, r): 区間[l, r)をsegfuncしたものを返す O(logN)
    """
    def __init__(self, init_val, segfunc, ide_ele):
        """
        init_val: 配列の初期値
        segfunc: 区間にしたい操作
        ide_ele: 単位元
        n: 要素数
        num: n以上の最小の2のべき乗
        tree: セグメント木(1-index)
        """
        n = len(init_val)
        self.segfunc = segfunc
        self.ide_ele = ide_ele
        self.num = 1 << (n - 1).bit_length()
        self.tree = [ide_ele] * 2 * self.num
        # 配列の値を葉にセット
        for i in range(n):
            self.tree[self.num + i] = init_val[i]
        # 構築していく
        for i in range(self.num - 1, 0, -1):
            self.tree[i] = self.segfunc(self.tree[2 * i], self.tree[2 * i + 1])

    def update(self, k, x):
        """
        k番目の値をxに更新
        k: index(0-index)
        x: update value
        """
        k += self.num
        self.tree[k] = x
        while k > 1:
            self.tree[k >> 1] = self.segfunc(self.tree[k], self.tree[k ^ 1])
            k >>= 1

    def query(self, l, r):
        """
        [l, r)のsegfuncしたものを得る
        l: index(0-index)
        r: index(0-index)
        """
        res = self.ide_ele

        l += self.num
        r += self.num
        while l < r:
            if l & 1:
                res = self.segfunc(res, self.tree[l])
                l += 1
            if r & 1:
                res = self.segfunc(res, self.tree[r - 1])
            l >>= 1
            r >>= 1
        return res


def main():
    n,q = map(int,ipt().split())
    c = [set([int(i)]) for i in ipt().split()]+[set()]

    def segfunc(x,y):
        return x|y

    ST = SegTree(c,segfunc,set())
    for i in range(q):
        l,r = map(int,ipt().split())
        print(len(ST.query(l-1,r)))

    return None

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()


Fixed submission:
'''
自宅用PCでの解答
'''
import math
#import numpy as np
import itertools
import queue
import bisect
from collections import deque,defaultdict
import heapq as hpq
from sys import stdin,setrecursionlimit
#from scipy.sparse.csgraph import dijkstra
#from scipy.sparse import csr_matrix
ipt = stdin.readline
setrecursionlimit(10**7)
mod = 10**9+7
alp = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"

def main():
    n,q = map(int,ipt().split())
#    n = 5*10**5
#    q = 5*10**5
#    c = [int(i)+1 for i in range(n)]
    c = [int(i) for i in ipt().split()]
    qi = []
    for i in range(q):
        l,r = map(int,ipt().split())
        qi.append(r*((10**6+1)**2)+l*(10**6+1)+i)

    qi.sort()

    ans = [0]*q
    ln = [-1]*(n+1)
    bq_al = [0]*(n+1)

    #Bit_Indexed_Tree
    #A1 ... AnのBIT(1-indexed)
    BIT = [0]*(n+1)

    #A1 ~ Aiまでの和 O(logN)
    def BIT_query(idx):
        res_sum = 0
        while idx > 0:
            res_sum += BIT[idx]
            idx -= idx&(-idx)
        return res_sum

    #Ai += x O(logN)
    def BIT_update(idx,x):
        while idx <= n:
            BIT[idx] += x
            idx += idx&(-idx)
        return

    pr = 0
    for ist in qi:
        i = ist%(10**6+1)
        l = (ist//(10**6+1))%(10**6+1)
        r = ist//(10**6+1)**2
        for j in range(pr,r):
            cj = c[j]
            ij = ln[cj]
            if ij != -1:
                BIT_update(ij,-1)
            ln[cj] = j+1
            BIT_update(j+1,1)
        pr = r

        ans[i] = BIT_query(r)-BIT_query(l-1)


    for i in ans:
        print(i)

    return None

if __name__ == '__main__':

    main()