Buggy python submission (verdict: Time Limit Exceeded):
import sys

read = sys.stdin.buffer.read
readline = sys.stdin.buffer.readline
readlines = sys.stdin.buffer.readlines

in_n = lambda: int(readline())
in_nn = lambda: map(int, readline().split())
in_s = lambda: readline().rstrip().decode('utf-8')
in_nl = lambda: list(map(int, readline().split()))
in_nl2 = lambda H: [in_nl() for _ in range(H)]
in_map = lambda: [s == ord('.') for s in readline() if s != ord('\n')]
in_map2 = lambda H: [in_map() for _ in range(H)]
in_all = lambda: map(int, read().split())


def main():

    N, Q = in_nn()
    C = in_nl()
    LR = []

    for q in range(Q):
        l, r = in_nn()
        LR.append((r + 0.1, l, q))

    t = [-1] * (N + 1)
    sect = []
    for i in range(N):
        x = C[i]
        if t[x] != -1:
            sect.append((i + 1, t[x], -1))
        t[x] = i + 1

    sect += LR
    sort_index = sorted(list(range(len(sect))), key=lambda i: sect[i][0])

    bit = [0] * (N + 1)

    def add(i, val):
        while i <= N:
            bit[i] += val
            i += i & -i

    def sum(i):
        res = 0
        while i > 0:
            res += bit[i]
            i -= i & -i
        return res

    ans = [0] * Q
    for i in sort_index:
        r, l, n = sect[i]
        r = int(r)

        if n == -1:
            add(l, 1)
        else:
            t = sum(r) - sum(l - 1)
            ans[n] = r - l + 1 - t

    print('\n'.join(map(str, ans)))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()


Fixed submission:
import sys

read = sys.stdin.buffer.read
readline = sys.stdin.buffer.readline
readlines = sys.stdin.buffer.readlines

in_n = lambda: int(readline())
in_nn = lambda: map(int, readline().split())
in_s = lambda: readline().rstrip().decode('utf-8')
in_nl = lambda: list(map(int, readline().split()))
in_nl2 = lambda H: [in_nl() for _ in range(H)]
in_map = lambda: [s == ord('.') for s in readline() if s != ord('\n')]
in_map2 = lambda H: [in_map() for _ in range(H)]
in_all = lambda: map(int, read().split())


def main():

    N, Q = in_nn()
    C = in_nl()
    LR = []

    for q in range(Q):
        l, r = in_nn()
        LR.append((r + 0.1, l, q))

    t = [-1] * (N + 1)
    sect = []
    for i in range(N):
        x = C[i]
        if t[x] != -1:
            sect.append((i + 1, t[x], -1))
        t[x] = i + 1

    sect += LR
    sort_index = sorted(list(range(len(sect))), key=lambda i: sect[i][0])

    bit = [0] * (N + 1)

    def add(i, val):
        while i <= N:
            bit[i] += val
            i += i & -i

    def sum(i):
        res = 0
        while i > 0:
            res += bit[i]
            i -= i & -i
        return res

    ans = [0] * Q
    for i in sort_index:
        r, l, n = sect[i]
        r = int(r)

        if n == -1:
            add(l, 1)
        else:
            t = sum(r) - sum(l - 1)
            ans[n] = r - l + 1 - t

    print('\n'.join(map(str, ans)))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

Buggy python submission (verdict: Time Limit Exceeded):
import sys

read = sys.stdin.buffer.read
readline = sys.stdin.buffer.readline
readlines = sys.stdin.buffer.readlines

in_n = lambda: int(readline())
in_nn = lambda: map(int, readline().split())
in_s = lambda: readline().rstrip().decode('utf-8')
in_nl = lambda: list(map(int, readline().split()))
in_nl2 = lambda H: [in_nl() for _ in range(H)]
in_map = lambda: [s == ord('.') for s in readline() if s != ord('\n')]
in_map2 = lambda H: [in_map() for _ in range(H)]
in_all = lambda: map(int, read().split())


def main():

    N, Q = in_nn()
    C = in_nl()
    LR = []

    for q in range(Q):
        l, r = in_nn()
        LR.append((r + 0.1, l, q))

    t = [-1] * (N + 1)
    sect = []
    for i in range(N):
        x = C[i]
        if t[x] != -1:
            sect.append((i + 1, t[x], -1))
        t[x] = i + 1

    sect += LR
    sect.sort()

    bit = [0] * (N + 1)

    def add(i, val):
        while i <= N:
            bit[i] += val
            i += i & -i

    def sum(i):
        res = 0
        while i > 0:
            res += bit[i]
            i -= i & -i
        return res

    ans = [0] * Q
    for s in sect:
        r, l, n = s
        r = int(r)

        if n == -1:
            add(l, 1)
        else:
            t = sum(r) - sum(l - 1)
            ans[n] = r - l + 1 - t

    print('\n'.join(map(str, ans)))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()


Fixed submission:
import sys

read = sys.stdin.buffer.read
readline = sys.stdin.buffer.readline
readlines = sys.stdin.buffer.readlines

in_n = lambda: int(readline())
in_nn = lambda: map(int, readline().split())
in_s = lambda: readline().rstrip().decode('utf-8')
in_nl = lambda: list(map(int, readline().split()))
in_nl2 = lambda H: [in_nl() for _ in range(H)]
in_map = lambda: [s == ord('.') for s in readline() if s != ord('\n')]
in_map2 = lambda H: [in_map() for _ in range(H)]
in_all = lambda: map(int, read().split())


def main():

    N, Q = in_nn()
    C = in_nl()
    LR = []

    for q in range(Q):
        l, r = in_nn()
        LR.append((r + 0.1, l, q))

    t = [-1] * (N + 1)
    sect = []
    for i in range(N):
        x = C[i]
        if t[x] != -1:
            sect.append((i + 1, t[x], -1))
        t[x] = i + 1

    sect += LR
    sort_index = sorted(list(range(len(sect))), key=lambda i: sect[i][0])

    bit = [0] * (N + 1)

    def add(i, val):
        while i <= N:
            bit[i] += val
            i += i & -i

    def sum(i):
        res = 0
        while i > 0:
            res += bit[i]
            i -= i & -i
        return res

    ans = [0] * Q
    for i in sort_index:
        r, l, n = sect[i]
        r = int(r)

        if n == -1:
            add(l, 1)
        else:
            t = sum(r) - sum(l - 1)
            ans[n] = r - l + 1 - t

    print('\n'.join(map(str, ans)))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

Buggy python submission (verdict: Time Limit Exceeded):
import sys

read = sys.stdin.buffer.read
readline = sys.stdin.buffer.readline
readlines = sys.stdin.buffer.readlines

in_n = lambda: int(readline())
in_nn = lambda: map(int, readline().split())
in_s = lambda: readline().rstrip().decode('utf-8')
in_nl = lambda: list(map(int, readline().split()))
in_nl2 = lambda H: [in_nl() for _ in range(H)]
in_map = lambda: [s == ord('.') for s in readline() if s != ord('\n')]
in_map2 = lambda H: [in_map() for _ in range(H)]
in_all = lambda: map(int, read().split())


def main():

    N, Q = in_nn()
    C = in_nl()
    LR = []

    for q in range(Q):
        l, r = in_nn()
        LR.append((r + 0.1, l, q))

    t = [-1] * (N + 1)
    sect = []
    for i in range(N):
        x = C[i]
        if t[x] != -1:
            sect.append((i + 1, t[x], -1))
        t[x] = i + 1

    sect += LR
    sect.sort()

    bit = [0] * (N + 1)

    def add(i, val):
        while i <= N:
            bit[i] += val
            i += i & -i

    def sum(i):
        res = 0
        while i > 0:
            res += bit[i]
            i -= i & -i
        return res

    ans = [0] * Q
    for s in sect:
        r, l, n = s
        r = int(r)

        if n == -1:
            add(l, 1)
        else:
            t = sum(r) - sum(l - 1)
            ans[n] = r - l + 1 - t

    print('\n'.join(map(str, ans)))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()


Fixed submission:
import sys

read = sys.stdin.buffer.read
readline = sys.stdin.buffer.readline
readlines = sys.stdin.buffer.readlines

in_n = lambda: int(readline())
in_nn = lambda: map(int, readline().split())
in_s = lambda: readline().rstrip().decode('utf-8')
in_nl = lambda: list(map(int, readline().split()))
in_nl2 = lambda H: [in_nl() for _ in range(H)]
in_map = lambda: [s == ord('.') for s in readline() if s != ord('\n')]
in_map2 = lambda H: [in_map() for _ in range(H)]
in_all = lambda: map(int, read().split())


def main():

    N, Q = in_nn()
    C = in_nl()
    LR = []

    for q in range(Q):
        l, r = in_nn()
        LR.append((r + 0.1, l, q))

    t = [-1] * (N + 1)
    sect = []
    for i in range(N):
        x = C[i]
        if t[x] != -1:
            sect.append((i + 1, t[x], -1))
        t[x] = i + 1

    sect += LR
    sort_index = sorted(list(range(len(sect))), key=lambda i: sect[i][0])

    bit = [0] * (N + 1)

    def add(i, val):
        while i <= N:
            bit[i] += val
            i += i & -i

    def sum(i):
        res = 0
        while i > 0:
            res += bit[i]
            i -= i & -i
        return res

    ans = [0] * Q
    for i in sort_index:
        r, l, n = sect[i]
        r = int(r)

        if n == -1:
            add(l, 1)
        else:
            t = sum(r) - sum(l - 1)
            ans[n] = r - l + 1 - t

    print('\n'.join(map(str, ans)))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

Buggy python submission (verdict: Time Limit Exceeded):
import sys

read = sys.stdin.buffer.read
readline = sys.stdin.buffer.readline
readlines = sys.stdin.buffer.readlines

in_n = lambda: int(readline())
in_nn = lambda: map(int, readline().split())
in_s = lambda: readline().rstrip().decode('utf-8')
in_nl = lambda: list(map(int, readline().split()))
in_nl2 = lambda H: [in_nl() for _ in range(H)]
in_map = lambda: [s == ord('.') for s in readline() if s != ord('\n')]
in_map2 = lambda H: [in_map() for _ in range(H)]
in_all = lambda: map(int, read().split())


def main():

    N, Q = in_nn()
    C = in_nl()
    LR = []

    for q in range(Q):
        l, r = in_nn()
        LR.append((r, l, q))

    t = [-1] * (N + 1)
    sect = []
    for i in range(N):
        x = C[i]
        if t[x] != -1:
            sect.append((i + 1, t[x], -1))
        t[x] = i + 1

    sect += LR
    sect.sort(key=lambda x: (x[0], x[2]))

    bit = [0] * (N + 1)

    def add(i, val):
        while i <= N:
            bit[i] += val
            i += i & -i

    def sum(i):
        res = 0
        while i > 0:
            res += bit[i]
            i -= i & -i
        return res

    ans = [0] * Q
    for s in sect:
        r, l, n = s

        if n == -1:
            add(l, 1)
        else:
            t = sum(r) - sum(l - 1)
            ans[n] = r - l + 1 - t

    print('\n'.join(map(str, ans)))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()


Fixed submission:
import sys

read = sys.stdin.buffer.read
readline = sys.stdin.buffer.readline
readlines = sys.stdin.buffer.readlines

in_n = lambda: int(readline())
in_nn = lambda: map(int, readline().split())
in_s = lambda: readline().rstrip().decode('utf-8')
in_nl = lambda: list(map(int, readline().split()))
in_nl2 = lambda H: [in_nl() for _ in range(H)]
in_map = lambda: [s == ord('.') for s in readline() if s != ord('\n')]
in_map2 = lambda H: [in_map() for _ in range(H)]
in_all = lambda: map(int, read().split())


def main():

    N, Q = in_nn()
    C = in_nl()
    LR = []

    for q in range(Q):
        l, r = in_nn()
        LR.append((r + 0.1, l, q))

    t = [-1] * (N + 1)
    sect = []
    for i in range(N):
        x = C[i]
        if t[x] != -1:
            sect.append((i + 1, t[x], -1))
        t[x] = i + 1

    sect += LR
    sort_index = sorted(list(range(len(sect))), key=lambda i: sect[i][0])

    bit = [0] * (N + 1)

    def add(i, val):
        while i <= N:
            bit[i] += val
            i += i & -i

    def sum(i):
        res = 0
        while i > 0:
            res += bit[i]
            i -= i & -i
        return res

    ans = [0] * Q
    for i in sort_index:
        r, l, n = sect[i]
        r = int(r)

        if n == -1:
            add(l, 1)
        else:
            t = sum(r) - sum(l - 1)
            ans[n] = r - l + 1 - t

    print('\n'.join(map(str, ans)))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

Buggy python submission (verdict: Time Limit Exceeded):
import sys

read = sys.stdin.buffer.read
readline = sys.stdin.buffer.readline
readlines = sys.stdin.buffer.readlines

in_n = lambda: int(readline())
in_nn = lambda: map(int, readline().split())
in_s = lambda: readline().rstrip().decode('utf-8')
in_nl = lambda: list(map(int, readline().split()))
in_nl2 = lambda H: [in_nl() for _ in range(H)]
in_map = lambda: [s == ord('.') for s in readline() if s != ord('\n')]
in_map2 = lambda H: [in_map() for _ in range(H)]
in_all = lambda: map(int, read().split())


class Bit:

    def __init__(self, a):  # 配列か要素数で初期化
        if hasattr(a, "__iter__"):
            le = len(a)
            self.n = 1 << le.bit_length()
            self.values = values = [0] * (self.n + 1)
            values[1:le + 1] = a[:]
            for i in range(1, self.n):
                values[i + (i & -i)] += values[i]
        elif isinstance(a, int):
            self.n = 1 << a.bit_length()
            self.values = [0] * (self.n + 1)
        else:
            raise TypeError

    def add(self, i, val):  # a[i] += val
        n, values = self.n, self.values
        while i <= n:
            values[i] += val
            i += i & -i

    def sum(self, i):  # (0, i] の累積和
        values = self.values
        res = 0
        while i > 0:
            res += values[i]
            i -= i & -i
        return res


def main():

    N, Q = in_nn()
    C = in_nl()
    LR = []

    for q in range(Q):
        l, r = in_nn()
        LR.append((r, l, q))

    t = [-1] * (N + 1)
    sect = []
    for i in range(N):
        x = C[i]
        if t[x] != -1:
            sect.append((i + 1, t[x], -1))
        t[x] = i + 1

    sect += LR
    sect.sort(key=lambda x: (x[0], x[2]))

    ans = []
    bit = [0] * (N + 1)

    def add(i, val):
        while i <= N:
            bit[i] += val
            i += i & -i

    def sum(i):
        res = 0
        while i > 0:
            res += bit[i]
            i -= i & -i
        return res

    for s in sect:
        r, l, n = s

        if n == -1:
            add(l, 1)
        else:
            t = sum(r) - sum(l - 1)
            ans.append((n, r - l + 1 - t))

    ans.sort()
    for q in range(Q):
        print(ans[q][1])


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()


Fixed submission:
import sys

read = sys.stdin.buffer.read
readline = sys.stdin.buffer.readline
readlines = sys.stdin.buffer.readlines

in_n = lambda: int(readline())
in_nn = lambda: map(int, readline().split())
in_s = lambda: readline().rstrip().decode('utf-8')
in_nl = lambda: list(map(int, readline().split()))
in_nl2 = lambda H: [in_nl() for _ in range(H)]
in_map = lambda: [s == ord('.') for s in readline() if s != ord('\n')]
in_map2 = lambda H: [in_map() for _ in range(H)]
in_all = lambda: map(int, read().split())


def main():

    N, Q = in_nn()
    C = in_nl()
    LR = []

    for q in range(Q):
        l, r = in_nn()
        LR.append((r + 0.1, l, q))

    t = [-1] * (N + 1)
    sect = []
    for i in range(N):
        x = C[i]
        if t[x] != -1:
            sect.append((i + 1, t[x], -1))
        t[x] = i + 1

    sect += LR
    sort_index = sorted(list(range(len(sect))), key=lambda i: sect[i][0])

    bit = [0] * (N + 1)

    def add(i, val):
        while i <= N:
            bit[i] += val
            i += i & -i

    def sum(i):
        res = 0
        while i > 0:
            res += bit[i]
            i -= i & -i
        return res

    ans = [0] * Q
    for i in sort_index:
        r, l, n = sect[i]
        r = int(r)

        if n == -1:
            add(l, 1)
        else:
            t = sum(r) - sum(l - 1)
            ans[n] = r - l + 1 - t

    print('\n'.join(map(str, ans)))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

Buggy python submission (verdict: Time Limit Exceeded):
import sys

read = sys.stdin.buffer.read
readline = sys.stdin.buffer.readline
readlines = sys.stdin.buffer.readlines

in_n = lambda: int(readline())
in_nn = lambda: map(int, readline().split())
in_s = lambda: readline().rstrip().decode('utf-8')
in_nl = lambda: list(map(int, readline().split()))
in_nl2 = lambda H: [in_nl() for _ in range(H)]
in_map = lambda: [s == ord('.') for s in readline() if s != ord('\n')]
in_map2 = lambda H: [in_map() for _ in range(H)]
in_all = lambda: map(int, read().split())


class Bit:

    def __init__(self, a):  # 配列か要素数で初期化
        if hasattr(a, "__iter__"):
            le = len(a)
            self.n = 1 << le.bit_length()
            self.values = values = [0] * (self.n + 1)
            values[1:le + 1] = a[:]
            for i in range(1, self.n):
                values[i + (i & -i)] += values[i]
        elif isinstance(a, int):
            self.n = 1 << a.bit_length()
            self.values = [0] * (self.n + 1)
        else:
            raise TypeError

    def add(self, i, val):  # a[i] += val
        n, values = self.n, self.values
        while i <= n:
            values[i] += val
            i += i & -i

    def sum(self, i):  # (0, i] の累積和
        values = self.values
        res = 0
        while i > 0:
            res += values[i]
            i -= i & -i
        return res

    def bisect_left(self, v):  # 累積和 が v 以上になる最小の i
        n, values = self.n, self.values
        if v > values[n]:
            return None
        i, step = 0, n >> 1
        while step:
            if values[i + step] < v:
                i += step
                v -= values[i]
            step >>= 1
        return i + 1


def main():

    N, Q = in_nn()
    C = in_nl()
    LR = []

    for q in range(Q):
        l, r = in_nn()
        LR.append((r, l, q))

    t = [-1] * (N + 1)
    sect = []
    for i in range(N):
        x = C[i]
        if t[x] != -1:
            sect.append((i + 1, t[x], -1))
        t[x] = i + 1

    sect += LR
    sect.sort(key=lambda x: (x[0], x[2]))

    ans = []
    bit = Bit(N)
    for s in sect:
        r, l, n = s

        if n == -1:
            bit.add(l, 1)
        else:
            t = bit.sum(r) - bit.sum(l - 1)
            ans.append((n, r - l + 1 - t))

    ans.sort()
    for q in range(Q):
        print(ans[q][1])


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()


Fixed submission:
import sys

read = sys.stdin.buffer.read
readline = sys.stdin.buffer.readline
readlines = sys.stdin.buffer.readlines

in_n = lambda: int(readline())
in_nn = lambda: map(int, readline().split())
in_s = lambda: readline().rstrip().decode('utf-8')
in_nl = lambda: list(map(int, readline().split()))
in_nl2 = lambda H: [in_nl() for _ in range(H)]
in_map = lambda: [s == ord('.') for s in readline() if s != ord('\n')]
in_map2 = lambda H: [in_map() for _ in range(H)]
in_all = lambda: map(int, read().split())


def main():

    N, Q = in_nn()
    C = in_nl()
    LR = []

    for q in range(Q):
        l, r = in_nn()
        LR.append((r + 0.1, l, q))

    t = [-1] * (N + 1)
    sect = []
    for i in range(N):
        x = C[i]
        if t[x] != -1:
            sect.append((i + 1, t[x], -1))
        t[x] = i + 1

    sect += LR
    sort_index = sorted(list(range(len(sect))), key=lambda i: sect[i][0])

    bit = [0] * (N + 1)

    def add(i, val):
        while i <= N:
            bit[i] += val
            i += i & -i

    def sum(i):
        res = 0
        while i > 0:
            res += bit[i]
            i -= i & -i
        return res

    ans = [0] * Q
    for i in sort_index:
        r, l, n = sect[i]
        r = int(r)

        if n == -1:
            add(l, 1)
        else:
            t = sum(r) - sum(l - 1)
            ans[n] = r - l + 1 - t

    print('\n'.join(map(str, ans)))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

Buggy python submission (verdict: Time Limit Exceeded):
import sys

read = sys.stdin.buffer.read
readline = sys.stdin.buffer.readline
readlines = sys.stdin.buffer.readlines

in_n = lambda: int(readline())
in_nn = lambda: map(int, readline().split())
in_s = lambda: readline().rstrip().decode('utf-8')
in_nl = lambda: list(map(int, readline().split()))
in_nl2 = lambda H: [in_nl() for _ in range(H)]
in_map = lambda: [s == ord('.') for s in readline() if s != ord('\n')]
in_map2 = lambda H: [in_map() for _ in range(H)]
in_all = lambda: map(int, read().split())


class SegTree:

    def __init__(self, init_val, segfunc, ide_ele):

        n = len(init_val)
        self.ide_ele = ide_ele
        self.segfunc = segfunc
        self.num = 2**(n - 1).bit_length()
        self.seg = [self.ide_ele] * 2 * self.num

        for i in range(n):
            self.seg[i + self.num - 1] = init_val[i]

        for i in range(self.num - 2, -1, -1):
            self.seg[i] = self.segfunc(self.seg[2 * i + 1], self.seg[2 * i + 2])

    def update(self, k, x):
        k += self.num - 1
        self.seg[k] = x
        while k:
            k = (k - 1) // 2
            self.seg[k] = self.segfunc(self.seg[k * 2 + 1], self.seg[k * 2 + 2])

    def query(self, p, q):
        if q <= p:
            return self.ide_ele
        p += self.num - 1
        q += self.num - 2
        res = self.ide_ele
        while q - p > 1:
            if p & 1 == 0:
                res = self.segfunc(res, self.seg[p])
            if q & 1 == 1:
                res = self.segfunc(res, self.seg[q])
                q -= 1
            p = p // 2
            q = (q - 1) // 2
        if p == q:
            res = self.segfunc(res, self.seg[p])
        else:
            res = self.segfunc(self.segfunc(res, self.seg[p]), self.seg[q])
        return res


def main():

    N, Q = in_nn()
    C = in_nl()

    t = [0] * N
    for i in range(N):
        t[i] = 1 << (C[i] - 1)

    seg = SegTree(t, segfunc=lambda a, b: a | b, ide_ele=0)
    ans = [0] * Q
    for i in range(Q):
        l, r = in_nn()
        l = l - 1
        x = seg.query(l, r)

        cnt = x & 1
        for j in range(x.bit_length()):
            x = x >> 1
            if x & 1:
                cnt += 1

        ans[i] = cnt

    print('\n'.join(map(str, ans)))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()


Fixed submission:
import sys

read = sys.stdin.buffer.read
readline = sys.stdin.buffer.readline
readlines = sys.stdin.buffer.readlines

in_n = lambda: int(readline())
in_nn = lambda: map(int, readline().split())
in_s = lambda: readline().rstrip().decode('utf-8')
in_nl = lambda: list(map(int, readline().split()))
in_nl2 = lambda H: [in_nl() for _ in range(H)]
in_map = lambda: [s == ord('.') for s in readline() if s != ord('\n')]
in_map2 = lambda H: [in_map() for _ in range(H)]
in_all = lambda: map(int, read().split())


def main():

    N, Q = in_nn()
    C = in_nl()
    LR = []

    for q in range(Q):
        l, r = in_nn()
        LR.append((r + 0.1, l, q))

    t = [-1] * (N + 1)
    sect = []
    for i in range(N):
        x = C[i]
        if t[x] != -1:
            sect.append((i + 1, t[x], -1))
        t[x] = i + 1

    sect += LR
    sort_index = sorted(list(range(len(sect))), key=lambda i: sect[i][0])

    bit = [0] * (N + 1)

    def add(i, val):
        while i <= N:
            bit[i] += val
            i += i & -i

    def sum(i):
        res = 0
        while i > 0:
            res += bit[i]
            i -= i & -i
        return res

    ans = [0] * Q
    for i in sort_index:
        r, l, n = sect[i]
        r = int(r)

        if n == -1:
            add(l, 1)
        else:
            t = sum(r) - sum(l - 1)
            ans[n] = r - l + 1 - t

    print('\n'.join(map(str, ans)))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()