Harryxun/stf_run huggingface dataset:
import math
import copy
from operator import mul
from functools import reduce
from collections import defaultdict
from collections import Counter
from collections import deque
# 直積 A={a, b, c}, B={d, e}:のとき，A×B={(a,d),(a,e),(b,d),(b,e),(c,d),(c,e)}: product(A, B)
from itertools import product
# 階乗 P!: permutations(seq), 順列 {}_len(seq) P_n: permutations(seq, n)
from itertools import permutations
# 組み合わせ {}_len(seq) C_n: combinations(seq, n)
from itertools import combinations
from bisect import bisect_left, bisect_right

# import numpy as np
# from scipy.special import perm
from scipy.special import comb

def inside(y, x, H, W):
    return 0 <= y < H and 0 <= x < W
 
# 四方向: 右, 下, 左, 上
dy = [0, -1, 0, 1]
dx = [1, 0, -1, 0]
 
def i_inpl(): return int(input())
def l_inpl(): return list(map(int, input().split()))
INF = float("inf")

########

N, A, B = l_inpl()
v = l_inpl()

sort_v = sorted(v, reverse=True)
ans_1 = sum(sort_v[:A])/A
print(ans_1)

max_v = sort_v[A-1]
max_v_count = sort_v.count(max_v)
max_v_count_in_ans = sort_v[:A].count(max_v)

if max_v != sort_v[0]: # 1つでも増やすと平均が減少する場合
    ans = comb(max_v_count, max_v_count_in_ans)
else:
    ans = 0
    for i in range(A, min(B, max_v_count) + 1):
        ans += comb(max_v_count, i)

print(int(ans))


### FIXED CODE ###

import math
import copy
from operator import mul
from functools import reduce
from collections import defaultdict
from collections import Counter
from collections import deque
# 直積 A={a, b, c}, B={d, e}:のとき，A×B={(a,d),(a,e),(b,d),(b,e),(c,d),(c,e)}: product(A, B)
from itertools import product
# 階乗 P!: permutations(seq), 順列 {}_len(seq) P_n: permutations(seq, n)
from itertools import permutations
# 組み合わせ {}_len(seq) C_n: combinations(seq, n)
from itertools import combinations
from bisect import bisect_left, bisect_right

# import numpy as np
# from scipy.special import perm
# from scipy.special import comb

def inside(y, x, H, W):
    return 0 <= y < H and 0 <= x < W
 
# 四方向: 右, 下, 左, 上
dy = [0, -1, 0, 1]
dx = [1, 0, -1, 0]
 
def i_inpl(): return int(input())
def l_inpl(): return list(map(int, input().split()))
INF = float("inf")

########

def C(n,r):
    f = math.factorial
    return int(f(n) // f(r) // f(n-r))

N, A, B = l_inpl()
v = l_inpl()

sort_v = sorted(v, reverse=True)
ans_1 = sum(sort_v[:A])/A
print(ans_1)

max_v = sort_v[A-1]
max_v_count = sort_v.count(max_v)
max_v_count_in_ans = sort_v[:A].count(max_v)

if max_v != sort_v[0]: # 1つでも増やすと平均が減少する場合
    ans = C(max_v_count, max_v_count_in_ans)
else:
    ans = 0
    for i in range(A, min(B, max_v_count) + 1):
        ans += C(max_v_count, i)

print(int(ans))
N,K = map(int,input().split())
C = {}
A = []
for _ in range(N):
    a,b = map(int,input().split())
    if a not in C:
        C[a] = 0
    C[a] += b
    A.append(a)
A = sorted(list(set(A)))
cnt = 0
for i in range(len(A)):
    cnt += C[i]
    if cnt>=K:
        print(i)
        break


### FIXED CODE ###

N,K = map(int,input().split())
C = {}
A = []
for _ in range(N):
    a,b = map(int,input().split())
    if a not in C:
        C[a] = 0
    C[a] += b
    A.append(a)
A = sorted(list(set(A)))
cnt = 0
for i in range(len(A)):
    cnt += C[A[i]]
    if cnt>=K:
        print(A[i])
        break
from fractions import gcd

N, M = map(int,input().split())
S = input()
T = input()

lcm = N*M//math.gcd(N, M)

ans = lcm

for n in range(N):
    for m in range(M):
        if (lcm//N)*n  == (lcm//M)*m:
            if S[n] != T[m]:
                ans = -1
                break
                
print(ans)

### FIXED CODE ###

from fractions import gcd
N,M=map(int,input().split())
S=list(input())
T=list(input())
L=gcd(N,M)
print(N*M//L if all([S[i*N//L]==T[i*M//L] for i in range(L)]) else "-1")
nstr=input()
keta=len(nstr)
wa=0
for i in range(keta):
    wa+=nstr[i]

ans="No"
if wa%9==0:
    ans="Yes"

print(ans)

### FIXED CODE ###

nstr=input()
keta=len(nstr)
wa=0
for i in range(keta):
    wa+=int(nstr[i])

ans="No"
if wa%9==0:
    ans="Yes"

print(ans)
n = int(input())
a = []
for i in range(n):
    a.append(int(input()))

cnt = 0
t = 1
for i in a:
    t = a[t-1]
    cnt += 1
    if t == 2:
        print(cnt)
        exit(1)
print("-1")

### FIXED CODE ###

import sys

n = int(input())
a = []
for i in range(n):
    a.append(int(input()))

cnt = 0
t = 1
for i in a:
    t = a[t-1]
    cnt += 1
    if t == 2:
        print(cnt)
        sys.exit()
print("-1")
N = int(input())
A = list(map(int, input().split()))

# S = sorted(A)
# MAXS = max(A)
# two = S[-2]
# print("MAX {} two {}".format(MAXS,two))
# count = S.count(max(S))
#
# for i in range(N):
#     if A[i] == MAXS:
#         if count > 1:
#             print(MAXS)
#         else:
#             print(two)
#     else:
#         print(MAXS)

#

# 
# c = a.index(max(a))
# m = max(a)
# a.sort()
# d = a[-2]
# for i in range(n):
#     if i == c:
#         print(d)
#     else:
#         print(m)




S = sorted(A)
MAXS = max(A)

for i in range(N):
    if A[i] == MAXS:
        print(S[-2])
    else:
        print(S[-1])

### FIXED CODE ###

# N = int(input())
# A = list(map(int, input().split()))
# 
# S = sorted(A)
# MAXS = max(A)
# 
# for i in range(N):
#     if A[i] == MAXS:
#         print(S[-2])
#     else:
#         print(S[-1])
# 


n = int(input())
a = list()
for i in range(n):
    a.append(int(input()))
c = a.index(max(a))
m = max(a)
a.sort()
d = a[-2]
for i in range(n):
    if i == c:
        print(d)
    else:
        print(m)
# ABC102-C
import numpy as np
import statistics
N = int(input())
A = list(map(int, input().split()))
B = np.array(range(1, N+1))
A = np.array(A)
C = abs(A - B)
b = int(round(statistics.mode(C)))
print(sum(abs(C - b)))

### FIXED CODE ###

# ABC102-C
import numpy as np
import statistics
import collections
N = int(input())
A = list(map(int, input().split()))
B = np.array(range(1, N+1))
A = np.array(A)
C = A - B
b = np.median(C)
print(int(np.sum(abs(C - b))))
from sys import stdin
import sys
import math
from functools import reduce
import functools
import itertools
from collections import deque,Counter,defaultdict
from operator import mul
import copy
# ! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import heapq
sys.setrecursionlimit(10**6)
# INF =  float("inf")
INF = 10**18
import bisect
import statistics
mod = 10**9+7
# mod = 998244353
import numpy

S  = input()

for i in range(len(S)):
    if i % 2 == 0:
        if S[i] != 'R' and S[i] != 'U' and S[i] != 'D':
            print("No")
            sys.exit()
    else:
        if S[i] != 'L' and S[i] != 'U' and S[i] != 'D':
            print("No")
            sys.exit()

print("Yes")



### FIXED CODE ###

from sys import stdin
import sys
import math
from functools import reduce
import functools
import itertools
from collections import deque,Counter,defaultdict
from operator import mul
import copy
# ! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import heapq
sys.setrecursionlimit(10**6)
# INF =  float("inf")
INF = 10**18
import bisect
import statistics
mod = 10**9+7
# mod = 998244353

S  = input()

for i in range(len(S)):
    if i % 2 == 0:
        if S[i] != 'R' and S[i] != 'U' and S[i] != 'D':
            print("No")
            sys.exit()
    else:
        if S[i] != 'L' and S[i] != 'U' and S[i] != 'D':
            print("No")
            sys.exit()

print("Yes")
h,w=map(int,input().split())
box=[["."]+list(input())+["."] for i in range(h)]
box.insert(0,["."]*(w+2))
box.append(["."]*(w+2))
count=0
def seek(box,i,j):
    point=[[1,0],[-1,0],[0,1],[0,-1]]
    if box[i][j]=="#":
        for x,y in point:
            xx=x+i
            yy=y+j
            if box[xx][yy]=="#" or box[xx][yy]=="O":
                box[i][j]="O"
                seek(box,xx,yy)
    return box

for i in range(1,h+1):
    for j in range(1,w+1):
        seek(box,i,j)

for i in range(1,h+1):
    for j in range(1,w+1):
        if box[i][j]=="#":print("No");exit()

print("Yes")

### FIXED CODE ###

H, W = map(int, input().split())
s = [input() for i in range(H)]
for i in range(H):
    for j in range(W):
        if s[i][j] == ".":
            continue
        if i == 0 or s[i-1][j] == "#":
            continue
        if i == H-1 or s[i+1][j] == "#":
            continue
        if j == 0 or s[i][j-1] == "#":
            continue
        if j == W-1 or s[i][j+1] == "#":
            continue
        print("No")
        exit()
print("Yes")
n,k = map(int, input().split())
a = list(map(int, input().split()))

G = {}
for i in range(1, n + 1):
    G.update({i: a[i - 1]})

seen = [False] * (n + 1)
path = []

def dfs(graph, start):
    global return_ans
    seen[start] = True
    path.append(start)
    
    if seen[graph[start]]:
        return_ans = graph[start]
    else:
        dfs(graph, graph[start])
    
    return return_ans

point = dfs(G, 1)
m = path.index(point)

if m > k:
    print(path[k])
else:
    k -= m
    path = path[m:]
    k %= len(path)
    print(path[k])


### FIXED CODE ###

n,k = map(int, input().split())
a = list(map(int, input().split()))

G = {}
for i in range(1, n + 1):
    G.update({i: a[i - 1]})

seen = [False] * (n + 1)
path = [1]

i = 1
while True:
    seen[i] = True
    i = G[i]
    
    if seen[i]:
        break
    else:
        path.append(i)

m = path.index(i)

if m > k:
    print(path[k])
else:
    k -= m
    path = path[m:]
    k %= len(path)
    print(path[k])
S = input()
alphabet = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
found = [i for i in alphabet if i not in S]
found.sort()
print(found[0])

### FIXED CODE ###

S = input()
alphabet = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
found = [i for i in alphabet if i not in S]
found.sort()
if len(found) == 0:
  print('None')
else:
  print(found[0])
H=int(input())
A=int(input())

ans=int(H/A)+1
print(ans) 

### FIXED CODE ###

H,A = map(int, input().split())

count=0
while H >0:
    H -=A
    count+=1
    
print(count)
n= int(input())
a=list(map(int,input().split()))
ans = 1
if not 0 in a:
  for i in range(n):
    ans*=a[i]
    if ans>1e+18:
      print(-1)
      break     
  if ans<=1e+18:
    print(ans)
eles:
  print(0)

### FIXED CODE ###

n= int(input())
a=list(map(int,input().split()))
ans = 1
if not 0 in a:
  for i in range(n):
    ans*=a[i]
    if ans>1e+18:
      print(-1)
      break     
  if ans<=1e+18:
    print(ans)
else:
  print(0)
n,m = map(int,raw_input().strip().split(' '))
graph = [[] for i in range(n)]
for i in range(m):
    s,t = map(int,raw_input().strip().split(' '))
    graph[s].append(t)
    graph[t].append(s)
color = {}
c = 0
for i in range(n):
    if not i in color:
        que = [i]
        color[i] = c
        do len(que) > 0:
            u = que[0]
            for v in graph[u]:
                if not v in color:
                    color[v] = c
                    que.append(v)
            del que[0]
        c += 1
q = int(raw_input())
for i in range(q):
    s,t = map(int,raw_input().strip().split(' '))
    if color[s] == color[t]:
        print 'yes'
    else:
        print 'no'

### FIXED CODE ###

n,m = map(int,raw_input().strip().split(' '))
graph = [[] for i in range(n)]
for i in range(m):
    s,t = map(int,raw_input().strip().split(' '))
    graph[s].append(t)
    graph[t].append(s)
color = {}
c = 0
for i in range(n):
    if not i in color:
        que = [i]
        color[i] = c
        while len(que) > 0:
            u = que[0]
            for v in graph[u]:
                if not v in color:
                    color[v] = c
                    que.append(v)
            del que[0]
        c += 1
q = int(raw_input())
for i in range(q):
   s,t = map(int,raw_input().strip().split(' '))
   if color[s] == color[t]:
     print 'yes'
   else:
     print 'no'
n = int(input())
if n == 0:
	 print ("0")
out = []
while n != 0:
	 n, rem = divmod(n, -2)
	 if rem < 0:
	 	 n += 1
	 	 rem -= ^2
	 out.append(rem)
print ("".join(map(str, out[::-1])))

### FIXED CODE ###

n = int(input())
if n == 0:
	 print ("0")
out = []
while n != 0:
	 n, rem = divmod(n, -2)
	 if rem < 0:
	 	 n += 1
	 	 rem -= -2
	 out.append(rem)
print ("".join(map(str, out[::-1])))
x=input()
a,b=input().split()
x=int(x)
a=int(a)
b=int(b)
if abs(x-a)<abs(x-b):
   print("A")
else:
   print("B")


### FIXED CODE ###

x,a,b=map(int,input().split())
if abs(x-a) > abs(x-b):
	print("B")
else:
	print("A")
a,b=map(int,input().split())
for i in range(1,4):
  if (a*b*i)%2!=0:
    print("Yes")
	exit()
print("No")

### FIXED CODE ###

a,b=map(int,input().split())
for i in range(1,4):
  if (a*b*i)%2!=0:
    print("Yes")
    exit()
print("No")
from collections import Counter
N=int(input())
s=[0]*N
t=[0]*M
for i in range(N):
    s[i]=input()
M=int(input())
for j in range(M):
    t[j]=input()

c=dict(Counter(s))
d=dict(Counter(t))
maxi=0
#print(c)
#print(d)

for item in c:
    if item in d:
        tmp = c[item]-d[item]
    else:
        tmp = c[item]
    maxi=max(maxi, tmp)
   
print(maxi)

### FIXED CODE ###

from collections import Counter
N=int(input())
s=[0]*N

for i in range(N):
    s[i]=input()
M=int(input())
t=[0]*M
for j in range(M):
    t[j]=input()

c=dict(Counter(s))
d=dict(Counter(t))
maxi=0
#print(c)
#print(d)

for item in c:
    if item in d:
        tmp = c[item]-d[item]
    else:
        tmp = c[item]
    maxi=max(maxi, tmp)
   
print(maxi)
import sys
if __name__ == "__main__":
    N,X = map(int, input().split())
    res = 2 * N - 1
    if (X == 1 or X == 2 * N - 1):
        print ("No")
        sys.exit()
    result = [0] * res
    left = X - 1
    result[N-1] = X
    right = X + 1
    left_idx = N - 2
    right_idx = N

    cnt = 0
    while (left > 0 and right < 2 * N):
        if (cnt % 2 == 0):
            result[left_idx] = left
            result[right_idx] = right
        else:
            result[left_idx] = right
            result[right_idx] = left

        left_idx -= 1
        left -= 1

        right_idx += 1
        right += 1

        cnt += 1
    if (left > 0):
        for x in range(left_idx, -1, -1):
            res[x] = left
            left -= 1
        for x in range(right_idx, 2 * N):
            res[x] = left
            left -= 1
    if (right < 2 * N):
        for x in range(left_idx, -1, -1):
            res[x] = right
            right += 1
        for x in range(right_idx, 2 * N):
            res[x] = right
            right += 1

    print ("Yes")
    for x in result:
        print (x)


### FIXED CODE ###


import sys
if __name__ == "__main__":

	N,X = map(int, input().split())
	res = 2 * N - 1
	if (X == 1 or X == 2 * N - 1):
		print ("No")
		sys.exit()
	result = [0] * res
	left = X - 1
	result[N-1] = X
	right = X + 1
	left_idx = N - 2
	right_idx = N

	cnt = 0
	while (left > 0 and right < 2 * N):
		if (cnt % 2 == 0):
			result[left_idx] = left
			result[right_idx] = right
		else:
			result[left_idx] = right
			result[right_idx] = left

		left_idx -= 1
		left -= 1

		right_idx += 1
		right += 1

		cnt += 1
	if (left > 0):
		for x in range(left_idx, -1, -1):
			result[x] = left
			left -= 1
		for x in range(right_idx, 2 * N-1):
			result[x] = left
			left -= 1
	if (right < 2 * N):
		for x in range(left_idx, -1, -1):
			result[x] = right
			right += 1
		for x in range(right_idx, 2 * N-1):
			result[x] = right
			right += 1

	print ("Yes")
	for x in result:
		print (x)
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-


def main():
    from bisect import bisect_right

    s = input()
    t = input()
    n = len(s)
    m = len(t)
    alpha = [[] for _ in range(26)]

    # KeyInsight
    # 部分列判定：場所i以降で文字Cが最初に現れる位置を高速に求める
    # アルファベットの出現位置をリストで記録

    # sで各文字が出現する位置を2周分記録
    for index, si in enumerate(s):
        alpha[(ord(si) - ord('a'))].append(index)

    for index, si in enumerate(s):
        alpha[(ord(si) - ord('a'))].append(index + n)

    ans = 1
    p = 0

    for ti in t:
        c = ord(ti) - ord('a')

        if len(alpha[c]) == 0:
            print('-1')
            exit()

        p = alpha[c][bisect_right(alpha[c], p)]

        if p > n:
            p -= n
            ans += n

    ans += p

    print(ans)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()


### FIXED CODE ###

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-


def main():
    from bisect import bisect_left

    s = input()
    t = input()
    n = len(s)
    m = len(t)
    alpha = [[] for _ in range(26)]

    # KeyInsight
    # 部分列判定：場所i以降で文字Cが最初に現れる位置を高速に求める
    # アルファベットの出現位置をリストで記録

    # sで各文字が出現する位置を2周分記録
    for index, si in enumerate(s):
        alpha[(ord(si) - ord('a'))].append(index)

    for index, si in enumerate(s):
        alpha[(ord(si) - ord('a'))].append(index + n)

    ans = 0
    p = 0

    for ti in t:
        c = ord(ti) - ord('a')

        if len(alpha[c]) == 0:
            print('-1')
            exit()

        pi = bisect_left(alpha[c], p)
        p = alpha[c][pi]
        p += 1

        if p >= n:
            p -= n
            ans += n

    ans += p

    print(ans)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()
n,k=map(int,input().split())
p=float(0.0)
for i in range(1,n+1):
  divide=float(k/i)
  howmany=max(math.ceil(math.log(divide,2)),0)
  p+=1/(n*(2**howmany))
print(p)

### FIXED CODE ###

n,k=map(int,input().split())
p=float(0.0)
for i in range(1,n+1):
  howmany=0
  while i<k:
    i*=2
    howmany+=1
  p+=1/(n*(2**howmany))
print(p)
n,k=map(int, input().split())
an=[int(i) for i in input().split()]
from scipy.misc import comb

an=sorted(an)
r_an=list(reversed(an))

max1=0
min1=0
for i in range(1,n-k+2):
    max1+=an[-i]*comb(n-i,k-1,exact=True)
    min1+=r_an[-i]*comb(n-i,k-1,exact=True)
print((max1-min1)%(10**9+7))

### FIXED CODE ###

n,k=map(int, input().split())
an=[int(i) for i in input().split()]

def cmb(n, r, p):
    if (r < 0) or (n < r):
        return 0
    r=min(r, n - r)
    return fact[n] * factinv[r] * factinv[n-r] % p

p = 10 ** 9 + 7
N = 10 ** 5
fact = [1, 1]
factinv = [1, 1]
inv = [0, 1]

for i in range(2,N+1):
    fact.append((fact[-1] * i) % p)
    inv.append((-inv[p % i] * (p // i)) % p)
    factinv.append((factinv[-1] * inv[-1]) % p)

an=sorted(an)
r_an=list(reversed(an))

max1=0
min1=0
for i in range(1,n-k+2):
    c=cmb(n-i,k-1,p)
    max1=max1 + an[-i]*c%p
    min1=min1 + r_an[-i]*c%p
print((max1-min1)%p)
from sys import stdin
from math import gcd

def factorization(a):
    if a < 2:
        return []
    fac = []
    lim = int(a ** 0.5)
    i = 2
    while a > 1 and i <= lim:
        n = 0
        while a % i == 0:
            a //= i
            n += 1
        if n > 0:
            fac += [(i, n)]
        i += 1
    if a > 1 or fac == []:
        fac += [(a, 1)]
    return fac

a, b = [int(x) for x in stdin.readline().split()]

print(len(factorization(gcd(a, b))) + 1)

### FIXED CODE ###

from sys import stdin

a, b = [int(x) for x in stdin.readline().split()]

while b != 0:
    a, b = b, a % b

c = 1
lim = a ** 0.5 + 10
n = 0
i = 2
while a > 1 and i <= lim:
    n = 0
    while a % i == 0:
        a //= i
        n += 1
    if n > 0:
        c += 1
    i += 1
if a > 1:
    c += 1

print(c)
n = int(input())
li = list(map(int,input().split()))

li.sort()

if sum(li[:-1]) > li[i]:
    print("Yes")
else:
    print("No")

### FIXED CODE ###

from sys import stdin
import bisect

n = int(stdin.readline().rstrip())
li = list(map(int,stdin.readline().rstrip().split()))

li.sort()

if sum(li[:n-1]) > li[-1]:
    print("Yes")
    exit()

print("No")
N = int(input())
K = int(input())

ans = int(N-K+1)

print(ans)

### FIXED CODE ###

N,K = map(int, input().split())

ans = int(N-K+1)

print(ans)
s = str(input())
if s="AAA" or s="BBB":
  print("No")
else:
  print("No")  

### FIXED CODE ###

s = str(input())
if s == "AAA":
  print("No")
elif s == "BBB":
  print("No")
else:
  print("Yes")
import sys

input = sys.stdin.readline
N,K=map(int,input().rstrip().split())
D=list(map(int,input().rstrip().split()))

def dfs(N):
    for i in range(K):
        if(str(N).find(str(D[i]))!=-1):
            dfs(N+1)
            return
    else:
        print(N)
        return
    return
    


dfs(N)

### FIXED CODE ###

import sys
 
input = sys.stdin.readline
N,K=map(int,input().rstrip().split())
D=list(map(int,input().rstrip().split()))
sys.setrecursionlimit(10**6)

def dfs(N):
    for i in range(K):
        if(str(N).find(str(D[i]))!=-1):
            dfs(N+1)
            return
    else:
        print(N)
    
    

dfs(N)
#!/usr/bin/env python3
import sys


def solve(T: int, X: int):
    print(T / Xl)
    return


# Generated by 1.1.4 https://github.com/kyuridenamida/atcoder-tools  (tips: You use the default template now. You can remove this line by using your custom template)
def main():
    def iterate_tokens():
        for line in sys.stdin:
            for word in line.split():
                yield word
    tokens = iterate_tokens()
    T = int(next(tokens))  # type: int
    X = int(next(tokens))  # type: int
    solve(T, X)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()


### FIXED CODE ###

#!/usr/bin/env python3
import sys


def solve(T: int, X: int):
    print(T / X)
    return


# Generated by 1.1.4 https://github.com/kyuridenamida/atcoder-tools  (tips: You use the default template now. You can remove this line by using your custom template)
def main():
    def iterate_tokens():
        for line in sys.stdin:
            for word in line.split():
                yield word
    tokens = iterate_tokens()
    T = int(next(tokens))  # type: int
    X = int(next(tokens))  # type: int
    solve(T, X)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()
A, B = map(long, raw_input().split())
ans = 0
for i in range(A, B+1):
    ans ^= i
    # print(ans, i)÷
print(ans)


### FIXED CODE ###

A, B = map(int, input().split())
ans = 0
cnt = 0
def f(arg):
    ans = 0
    if arg < 0:
        return 0
    for pos in range(1, 41):
        # ループする数
        loop = 1 << pos
        # cnt = sum([int((n & v) / v) for n in range(arg+1)])
        cnt = int((arg + 1) / loop) * (loop >> 1)
        cnt += max(0, (arg + 1) % (loop) - (loop >> 1))
        ans += cnt%2 * (loop>>1)
        # print(arg, pos, loop, cnt, ans)
        if loop > arg:
            break
    return ans
print(f(A-1)^f(B))
import math

N, D = list(map(int, input().strip().split(" ")))

print( int(math.ceil(N // (2 * D)))

### FIXED CODE ###

r = int(input())

print( 3 * r * r)
import sys

read = sys.stdin.read
readline = sys.stdin.readline
readlines = sys.stdin.readlines
sys.setrecursionlimit(10 ** 9)
INF = 1 << 60
MOD = 1000000007


def main():
    N, K, *A = map(int, read().split())

    ng = -1
    ok = 10 ** 9
    while ok - ng > 1:
        mid = (ok + ng) // 2
        res = 0
        for a in A:
            res += (a + mid - 1) // mid - 1
        if res <= K:
            ok = mid
        else:
            ng = mid

    print(ok)
    return


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()


### FIXED CODE ###

import sys

read = sys.stdin.read
readline = sys.stdin.readline
readlines = sys.stdin.readlines
sys.setrecursionlimit(10 ** 9)
INF = 1 << 60
MOD = 1000000007


def main():
    N, K, *A = map(int, read().split())

    ng = 0
    ok = 10 ** 9
    while ok - ng > 1:
        mid = (ok + ng) // 2
        res = 0
        for a in A:
            res += (a + mid - 1) // mid - 1
        if res <= K:
            ok = mid
        else:
            ng = mid

    print(ok)
    return


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()
a,b = map(int,input().split())
import math
print(a * b // math.gcd(a, b))

### FIXED CODE ###

def gcd(a, b):
    if a<b:
        a,b = b,a
    r = a%b
    while r != 0:
        a = b
        b = r
        r = a % b
    return b
a,b = map(int,input().split())
print(a * b // gcd(a, b))
x = int(input())
a = 1
for i in x:
            if i == 0:
                      break
            print("Case {0}: {1}".format(a,i)
            a += 1

### FIXED CODE ###

import sys
a = 1

for i in sys.stdin:
        x = i.strip()
        if x == "0":
                break;
        print("Case {0}: {1}".format(a,x))
        a += 1