# When will GPT-5 come out? Prediction markets vs. Extrapolation

So far, each generation of GPT has brought significant improvements. Thinking about the timeline for the next iteration, I noticed that there is a striking difference between extrapolating the past trend and what prediction markets seem to believe. 

Forecasting short term AI Capabilities is important as current trends might continue to lead us to bigger changes. Also, it is nice to have testable predictions that we can use to calibrate our predictions and figure out who is worth listening to.

Extrapolating from old GPTs
===========================

Rule 1 of forecasting: stop thinking too much and look at some historical data.

We don't know how long it took to develop each GPT, but we can look at how much time passed between each iteration. 

So far, more and more time has passed between GPTs. It took 8 months from GPT-1 to GPT-2 and roughly twice as long to GPT-3. And then it took twice as long again to get to GPT-4! This means it took almost 3 years to get from GPT-3 to GPT-4.

| GPT Model | Release Date [^uo8s7nj9qm] | Months Passed Between Former Model |
| --- | --- | --- |
| GPT-1 | 11.06.2018 |     |
| GPT-2 | 14.02.2019 | 8.16 |
| GPT-3 | 28.05.2020 | 15.43 |
| GPT-4 | 14.03.2023 | 33.55 |

Naively Extrapolating from this, it should take till the **beginning of 2029** to develop GPT-5.

![Output image](https://res.cloudinary.com/lesswrong-2-0/image/upload/f_auto,q_auto/v1/mirroredImages/BWMKzBunEhMGfpEgo/meu7jkmse17gm5vcukd5)

shoutout to datapoint 4 for making this graph

Now this does seem rather far in the future. So far the trends seems surprisingly consistent, but there aren’t that many datapoints here and it seems like things can change somewhat fast in AI. 

Prediction markets
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Let’s look at what the prediction markets think:

![](https://39669.cdn.cke-cs.com/rQvD3VnunXZu34m86e5f/images/56629189599b2ebef3fc9ab80a095aeee00aba081fd6dfda.png)

Manifold Market seems to think, that there is an 62% chance that GPT-5 will come out before 2025.

Similarly, Metaculus puts the announcement date of GPT-5 to Sept 2024: [^azbeo12hzmb]

![](https://39669.cdn.cke-cs.com/rQvD3VnunXZu34m86e5f/images/1405be3c660ed3ca548e9478a7117f273f6dd14f43148660.png)

So it seems like the forecasting sites expect a strong deviation from the historical trend. 

Note, that if GPT-5 takes as long as GPT-4 did, we would expect it by the end of 2025. Not only do they expect that GPT-5 will not take longer than GPT-4, they seem to expect GPT-5 to be developed a whole year faster than GPT-4. 

So who is right?
================

Now that we have observed the seeming discrepancy, we can speculate on how to resolve it. 

One approach is to say that the markets are right. Ideally they would incorporate additional information, but what could that be?

*   A lot of attention and resources are being shifted to AI right now
    *   in some ways chatgpt does seem like a discontinuity in the attention given to the field.[^aysubwwk44r]  Sure ~~nerds~~ informed citizens couldn’t shut up about AI before. But now everyone from [Snoop Dogg](https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2023/05/snoop-dogg-on-ai-risk-sh-what-the-f/), [world](https://twitter.com/sama/status/1666980817783103488?lang=en) [leaders](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9ZA2ucNpUIE&ab_channel=YahooFinance) and your parents talk about LLMs.
*   Maybe people expect some kind of breakthrough. Something something [Q*](https://www.reuters.com/technology/sam-altmans-ouster-openai-was-precipitated-by-letter-board-about-ai-breakthrough-2023-11-22/)?
    *   I think some people have speculated that artificially created data will accelerate development
*   Last but not least, it is possible that OpenAI will change its standards for what it considers a new iteration for GPT. It seems like that iPhones aren’t changing as much anymore as they used to. Instead of releasing the iPhone (n+1) further and further in the future, Apple has lowered their standard for what counts as a new iPhone.

Am I missing something?

Help me get this question on a real money prediction market
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Metaculus and Manifold don’t use real money. Does this affect forecasting ability? In my experience it is a lot easier to gain fake internet points on Manifold than real money on e.g. Polymarket.

Real money works great to make markets more efficient.  

So what I hope for, is that we can create a real money market, so we can feel more confident in its prediction.

I have suggested the question to the Polymarket community. They have an issue with the framining: What if GPT-5 will be created under a different name? Like Windows 1, 2, 3, 95. Surely that should resolve YES and it should not depend on the naming scheme of OpenAI.

I would love to hear if you have any ideas how to deal with this. What would be a good definition for a “GPT-5 model” that can be assessed objectively? Has anyone written about what kind of benchmarks we might expect from GPT-5? 

Also, I wonder which other real money prediction markets might consider such a market if I ask nicely?

**UPDATE 21.12:** Kalshi [made](https://kalshi.com/markets/gpt5/chatgpt5-revealed#gpt5-24dec31) a real money prediction market on this! (H/T [@Lech Mazur](https://www.lesswrong.com/users/lechmazur?mention=user)). You can bet on it if you are an US citizen. Currently the odds seem roughly consistent with the other prediction sites. 

Also,   [@ChristianWilliams](https://www.lesswrong.com/users/christian-williams?mention=user) from Metaculus was nice enough to reach out and mention that the Metaculus Prediction for this question is similar to the Community Prediction[^azbeo12hzmb] and also expects GPT-5 before 2025:

![](https://res.cloudinary.com/lesswrong-2-0/image/upload/f_auto,q_auto/v1/mirroredImages/zX4iQGfk6rnis2dXR/yui1b7ik2aikbassxzza)

[^uo8s7nj9qm]: To be consistent, this is referring to the initial release date. GPT-2 stands out in that the full model was released 9 months after the initial release date.  

[^azbeo12hzmb]: Note this is the Community Prediction.  This means, it it basically a simple average of all forecasts. Don't confuse it with the (superior) Metaculus Prediction, which incorporates how good forecasters are, but is harder to access. If anyone knows the Metaculus Predicition for this question, I would be interested in hearing it.  

[^aysubwwk44r]: This is reflected in a jump in OpenAIs Revenue and in some economic data.