# Basic Conversational Coordination: Micro-coordination of Intention 

**Follow up to:** [Something simple to try in conversations](https://musingsandroughdrafts.wordpress.com/2017/01/03/something-simple-to-try-in-conversations/)

In this essay, I want to describe a simple, but important, abstraction for how to think about what’s happening in a conversation, and how to make use of that abstraction for helping a conversation go more smoothly. This idea applies at multiple time-scales: in this post, I’ll describe the simpler case of second-to-second interactions. In some future post, I’ll explain the broader (and more complicated) minute-to-minute case.

Let’s consider some two-person epistemic conversation, say two people attempting to converge on some topic they disagree about.

There are two roles (moves/ strategies) that one can play in a two-person epistemic conversation. 

*   One can either be **listening** \[/ be the listener\], trying to understand their partner’s point.
*   Or one can be **explaining** \[/ be the explainer\], trying to convey a point to their partner.

Both participants will almost certainly do both over the course of the conversation, and each may switch very rapidly between explaining and listening, but for any discrete time-slice of the conversation, each person will be holding an _intention_ either to convey, or to come to understand.

It’s useful to track conversations in terms of which participant is implementing which role, second to second. Thinking about conversations this way, and being conscious of what intention you are implementing, as a participant, is useful because it enables conversational coordination.

At any given time, no more than one person should be explaining, and at least one person should be trying to understand what is being said. Specifically, this means that it should never be the case that both participants are in the explaining mode at the same time.

_At any given moment, one person should be explaining, and the other person should be listening and trying to understand._

This may seem like an obvious point, but conversations frequently fail to meet this standard. A common failure mode: both parties are excited about the point _they_ have to make, and have a visceral compulsion to make that point clear to the other person. And so _both_ people are explaining _at_ each other. When both people are in the explaining role at the same time, communication usually fails.

(The way Double Crux has been traditionally described aggravates this issue. The concept of a Double Crux can leave one with the impression that one is supposed to try and do both roles at once, both making their point and attempting to understand the point of their partner in one swoop. I, at least, don’t hold that Double Crux conversations should be conducted this way. \[Instead, I think they should usually look something like [this](https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/hNztRARB52Riy36Kz/the-basic-double-crux-pattern#:~:text=The%20pattern%20has%20two%20parts,of%202%20main%20facilitation%20moves.&text=Clarifying%20that%20you%20understood%20the%20first%20person's%20point.&text=Checking%20the%20second%20person's%20belief,of%20the%20first%20person's%20crux.).\])

From the inside, this situation often feels like seeing that your partner is just missing _this one point_, and if you just convey it to them, they’ll realize that you’re right. It feels so _easy_ to tell them that reason why they’re wrong. Or seems that what they’re saying is _so absurd_ that there’s almost a compulsion to point out exactly how absurd it is.

When I notice this happening in a conversation I’m participating in, I step back to the listening role and try and understand the point that my interlocutor is making. Only after I’ve paraphrased and they feel like I’ve understood them, do I return to making my point. (If it’s still relevant. Often, once I’ve understood what they were trying to tell me, my objection is obviated.)

> **TAP:** notice that I’m pushing to make a point over my interlocutor -> mentally step back, and paraphrase what they're saying

This is super simple, but it is also an important foundation for making conversations go well.