# Announcing the London Initiative for Safe AI (LISA)

**![](https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/QjxCBjzp4p4YQKw9RFraa7-7KUpRlTlgamD_MzUD5wNzzVrez3K62Rm8SOZzC61XJ76IdYf0FQ-z5p93l8vEhwS88jUjuwX2YfBvuYwx4McJ5Uj2-iu4OIAz3YLKRPTG8alBsQTWM6lbfWkF6iZ6tM0)**

*The LISA Team consists of James Fox, Mike Brozowski, Joe Murray, Nina Wolff-Ingham, Ryan Kidd, and Christian Smith.*

*LISA’s Advisory Board consists of Henry Sleight, Jessica Rumbelow, Marius Hobbhahn, Jamie Bernardi, and Callum McDougall.*

*Everyone has contributed significantly to the founding of LISA, believes in its mission & vision, and assisted with writing this post. *

**TL;DR**: The London Initiative for Safe AI ([LISA](https://www.safeai.org.uk/)) is a new AI Safety research centre. Our mission is to improve the safety of advanced AI systems by supporting and empowering individual researchers and small organisations. We opened in September 2023, and our office space currently hosts several research organisations and upskilling programmes, including [Apollo Research](https://www.apolloresearch.ai/), [Leap Labs](https://www.leap-labs.com/), [MATS](https://www.matsprogram.org/) extension, [ARENA](https://www.arena.education/), and [BlueDot Impact](https://www.bluedotimpact.org/), as well as many individual and externally affiliated researchers.

LISA is open to [different types](https://astonishing-monarch-1ea.notion.site/LISA-membership-overview-97035f1209164f949b3e66c3fb46147e?pvs=4) of [membership applications](https://airtable.com/appjWv2IVtAvZ0MtD/shr5SK9koaI644AEH) from other AI safety researchers and organisations. 

*   (Affiliate) members can access talks by high-profile researchers, workshops, and other events. Past speakers have included Stuart Russell (UC Berkeley, CHAI), Tom Everitt & Neel Nanda (Google DeepMind), and Adam Gleave (FAR AI), amongst others.
*   Amenities for LISA Residents include 24/7 access to private & open-plan desks (with monitors, etc), catering (including lunches, dinners, snacks & drinks), and meeting rooms & phone booths. We also provide immigration, accommodation, and operational support; fiscal sponsorship & employer of record (upcoming); and regular socials & well-being benefits.

Although we host a limited number of short-term visitors for free, we charge long-term residents to cover our costs at varying rates depending on their circumstances. Nevertheless, we never want financial constraints to be a barrier to leading AI safety research, so please still get in touch if you would like to work from LISA’s offices but aren't able to pay.

If you or your organisation are interested in working from LISA, please [apply here](https://airtable.com/appjWv2IVtAvZ0MtD/shr5SK9koaI644AEH)

If you would like to support our mission, please get in [contact](mailto:james@safeai.org.uk).

Read on for further details about LISA’s vision and theory of change. After a short introduction, we motivate our vision by arguing why there is an urgency for LISA. Next, we summarise our track record and unpack our plans for the future. Finally, we discuss how we mitigate risks that might undermine our theory of change. 

**Introduction**
----------------

London stands out as an ideal location for **a new AI safety research centre**:

*   **Frontier Labs**: It is the only city outside of the Bay Area with offices from all major AI labs (e.g., Google DeepMind, OpenAI, Anthropic, Meta)
*   **Concentrated and underutilised talent** (e.g., researchers & software engineers), many of whom are keen to contribute to AI safety but are reluctant or unable to relocate to the Bay Area due to visas, partners, family, culture, etc.
*   **UK Government connections: **The UK government has clearly signalled their concern for the importance of AI safety by hosting the first [AI safety summit](https://www.aisafetysummit.gov.uk/), establishing an AI safety institute, and introducing favourable [immigration requirements](https://www.morganlewis.com/pubs/2024/01/uk-immigration-changes-to-visitor-rules-youth-mobility-scheme-beginning-31-january-2024) for researchers. Moreover, policy-makers and researchers are all within 30 mins of one another. 
*   **Easy transport links**: LISA is ideally located to act as a short-term base for visiting AI safety researchers from the US, Europe, and other parts of the UK who want to visit researchers (and policy-makers) in companies, universities, and governments in and around London, as well as those in Europe.
*   **Regular cohorts of  **[**MATS**](https://www.matsprogram.org/) extension, [PIBBS](https://pibbss.ai/), [ARENA](https://www.arena.education/), and [LASR Labs](https://www.lasrlabs.org/) (both scholars and mentors) because of the above (in particular, the favourable immigration requirements compared with the US).

Despite this favourable setting, so far little community infrastructure investment has been made. **LISA’s mission is to accommodate professional AI safety projects in London so that they have the resources, community, and support to positively impact the development and deployment of advanced AI systems**.  
  
To achieve this, LISA will:

*   **Provide a research environment** that is **supportive, productive, and collaborative, **where a diversity of ideas can be refined, challenged, and advanced;
*   **Offer financial stability, collective recognition, and accountability to individual researchers and new small organisations**;
*   **Cultivate a London home for professional AI safety research** by leveraging London's strategic advantages and building upon our existing ecosystem and partnerships;
*   **Foster epistemic quality and diversity amongst new AI safety researchers and organisations** by facilitating mentorship & upskilling programmes and encouraging exploration of numerous AI safety research agendas.

LISA stands in a **unique position **to enact this vision. In September 2023, we founded our research centre which now contains many individual researchers (with numerous affiliations), small organisations (e.g., [Apollo Research](https://www.apolloresearch.ai/), [Leap Labs](https://www.leap-labs.com/), [BlueDot Impact](https://www.bluedotimpact.org/)), and various AI Safety researcher development programmes (e.g., [LASR](https://www.lasrlabs.org/), [MATS](https://www.matsprogram.org/) extension, [ARENA](https://www.arena.education/), [PIBBS](https://pibbss.ai/)), we are poised to capitalise on the strategic advantages offered by the abundance of motivated and competent talent in London and the supportive frameworks provided by the UK government and local organisations.  Our approach is not just about creating a space for research; it is about building a community and a movement that can significantly improve the safety of advanced AI systems.

**The Urgency**
---------------

*   **Given the scale of the AI safety problem, traditional institutions are not covering all of the work that needs to be done.**
    *   AI safety is a[ pre-paradigmatic field](https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/thomas-kuhn/#ConcPara) lacking a standardised framework or established paradigms. This demands a diverse range of research agendas to be explored and developed. Indeed, the most useful agendas may not yet exist.
    *   Whilst some of these agendas are being worked on at major tech companies, in academia, or in government labs, almost all AI safety agendas remain significantly underfunded, underexplored, and underdeveloped.
    *   Traditionally, academia has been the main player in conducting fundamental research for the public good. However, the recent pace and scope of AI capabilities advancement is an out-of-distribution event – unexpected, different in character, and without historical precedent. Therefore, innovative new structures like the UK Government's AI Safety Institute and incubators for AI safety research talent, early-stage organisations and new AI safety agendas, such as [Constellation](https://www.constellation.org/), [FAR Labs](https://far.ai/labs/), and [LISA](https://www.safeai.org.uk/), are necessary to complement the AI safety research conducted in universities.
*   **There is a need for more high-quality AI safety**[** researchers**](https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/iD6tYjLLFFn4LXgnt/how-mats-addresses-mass-movement-building-concerns) **and**[** organisations**](https://www.alignmentforum.org/posts/MhudbfBNQcMxBBvj8/there-should-be-more-ai-safety-orgs)**.**

![](https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/8Un_1t9SdXzyHZoNBh8xMobNHhWzX6nogJA4Iu029SBXWMEe6xAwPRmNmoC5TgyLS896a2NbabmGFcTkzteE_9LwZv5U3__g4uEZMHb_sWipCQFkYE05NagEsxB7MDNA6VasmEse8tBlp5k06hP9yLo)

The AI safety researcher pipeline.

This figure illustrates the progression from motivated and talented individuals to researchers outputting high-impact AI safety work. LISA's activities are designed to address the critical bottleneck between Phase 3 and Phase 4 because it is difficult for talented individuals to solve for themselves.

*   For example, at the end of MATS or highly relevant PhD programmes,[ many strong scholars](https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/zwf68YaySvXhWYCdh/mats-summer-2023-retrospective#Mentor_endorsement_of_research) [still struggle](https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/MhudbfBNQcMxBBvj8/there-should-be-more-ai-safety-orgs#:~:text=The%20core%20argument%20is%20that,Thus%2C%20more%20orgs%20are%20needed.)) to secure AI safety roles in existing organisations because there are[ few job opportunities](https://jobs.80000hours.org/?refinementList%5Btags_area%5D%5B0%5D=AI%20safety%20%26%20policy&refinementList%5Btags_skill%5D%5B0%5D=Research&jobPk=8477) in existing organisations or academia compared with the magnitude of the AI safety challenge.
*   **Individual researchers working alone are less productive**. Therefore, support should mostly prioritise those with established mentors or research collaborators or target those with an exceptional research track record and mentality such that they will work well when introduced to new collaborators. Still, this is daunting because these individual and externally affiliated researchers lack a supportive network and community to enhance their motivation and challenge each other’s ideas.
*   We should also be helping incubate [new AI safety organisations](https://www.alignmentforum.org/posts/MhudbfBNQcMxBBvj8/there-should-be-more-ai-safety-orgs) that face many barriers:
    *   **Networking and growth limitations**: Finding co-founders, early hiring, organisational growth, and research collaboration is challenging without having large existing networks.
    *   **Legal and administrative resistance**: Promising researchers and would-be talented entrepreneurs have to circumvent many distractions to their core research (e.g., setting up the legal structures to receive grants and funding as an organisation or non-profit), which can be circumvented if an existing organisation (such as LISA) were to provide fiscal sponsorship.
    *   **Work environment mismatch**: Regular office spaces are often not conducive to the needs and focus of AI safety research, and it can be hard to find an environment with like-minded individuals (e.g., security concerns about certain research conversations, finding someone to help set up a package in PyTorch, arranging a 10-minute chat with someone to red team your latest interpretability idea etc). Indeed, there currently exists no other office space in London that only hosts AI safety professionals.
    *   **Recognition and scaling challenges:** Gaining recognition in the field and attracting speakers or hosting workshops is difficult without a certain level of scale and visibility. Emerging organisations often struggle to create impactful events that draw attention from the broader AI safety community.

**Our Vision**
--------------

Our **mission** is to be a professional research centre that improves the safety of advanced AI systems by supporting and empowering individual researchers and small organisations. We do this by creating a supportive, collaborative, and dynamic research environment that hosts members pioneering a diversity of AI safety research.

In the next two years, LISA’s vision is to:

1.  **Be a premier AI safety research centre **which has housed significant contributions to AI safety research due to its collaborative ecosystem of small organisations and individual researchers
2.  **Have supported the maturation of member organisations **by increasing their research productivity, impact, and recognition.
3.  **Have positively influenced the career trajectories** of LISA alumni, who will have transitioned into key positions in AI safety across industry, academia, and government sectors as these opportunities emerge and develop over time. Some of these would otherwise have been pursuing non-AI safety careers. Alumni will maintain links with LISA and its ecosystem, e.g., research collaborations & mentoring, speaking, and career events.
4.  **Have advanced a diversity of AI safety research agendas** and will have uncovered novel AI safety research agendas that significantly improve our understanding of how and why advanced AI systems work or our ability to control and align them.
5.  **Have nurtured new AI safety talent and organisations** by serving as a nurturing ground for new, motivated talent entering the field, positioning itself as a pivotal entry point for future leaders in AI safety research and new impactful AI safety organisations.

**Our Track Record**
--------------------

We have been open since September 2023. In that time:

*   In addition to our member organisations, we are also home to remote-working AI safety researchers affiliated with the University of Oxford, Imperial College London, University of Cambridge, University of Edinburgh, MILA, Metaculus, Conjecture, Anthropic, PIBBS, and Lakera (amongst others), as well as several funded Independent researchers.
*   Recent AI safety papers featuring authors primarily working from the LISA offices include [Copy Suppression: Comprehensively Understanding an Attention Head](https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.04625), [How to Catch an AI Liar: Detection in Black-box LLMs by Asking Unrelated Questions](https://arxiv.org/abs/2309.15840),  [Sparse Autoencoders Find Highly Interpretable Features in Language Models](https://arxiv.org/abs/2309.08600#:~:text=These%20autoencoders%20learn%20sets%20of,is%20measured%20by%20automated%20methods.)),[ The Reversal Curse: LLMs trained on "A is B" fail to learn "B is A](https://arxiv.org/abs/2309.12288)**"** and [Taken out of context: On measuring situational awareness in LLMs](https://arxiv.org/abs/2309.00667).
*   LISA Residents have helped develop new AI safety agendas as part of the MATS extension program, including[ sparse autoencoders for mechanistic interpretability](https://www.notion.so/c4f321a3622348e59a594fac7095ad27?pvs=21), [conditioning predictive models](https://www.lesswrong.com/s/n3utvGrgC2SGi9xQX), [developmental interpretability](https://devinterp.com/), [defining situational awareness](https://arxiv.org/abs/2309.00667), [formalising natural abstractions](https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/gvzW46Z3BsaZsLc25/natural-abstractions-key-claims-theorems-and-critiques-1), and [causal foundations](https://www.alignmentforum.org/s/pcdHisDEGLbxrbSHD).
*   LISA Residents have been hired by leading external organisations to research AI safety, including Anthropic, Google DeepMind, the UK AI Safety Institute (formerly the UK Frontier AI Taskforce), and various leading universities.

**Our Plans**
-------------

We will focus on activities to yield **four** outputs:

1.  **Provide a research environment** that is **supportive, productive, and collaborative **with an **office space** that is a **“melting pot”** of epistemically diverse AI safety researchers working on collaborative research projects and LISA will offer comprehensive operational and research support as well as amenities such as workstations, meeting rooms & phone booths, and catering (including snacks & drinks).
2.  **Offer financial stability, collective recognition, and accountability to individual researchers and new small organisations **by subsidising office and operations overhead, providing fiscal sponsorship of new AI safety organisations, offering Legal & immigration support, and granting annual LISA Research Fellowships to support and mature individuals who have already shown evidence of high-impact AI safety research (as part of the MATS Program, Astra Fellowship, a PhD and/or postdocs, or otherwise). 
3.  **Cultivate a leading centre for AI safety research in London **by admitting new member organisations and LISA Residents based on a rigorous [selection process](https://astonishing-monarch-1ea.notion.site/LISA-membership-overview-97035f1209164f949b3e66c3fb46147e?pvs=4) (relying on the advisory board) based on alignment with LISA’s mission, existing research competence, and cultural fit.  We will host prominent AI safety researchers as speakers, hold workshops, and host other professional AI safety events and strengthen our partnerships with similar centres in the US (e.g., Constellation, FAR AI, and CHAI), UK (e.g., Trajan House) and likely new centres elsewhere, as well as with the UK Government’s AI safety institute and AI safety researchers in industry.
4.  **Foster epistemic quality and diversity amongst new AI safety researchers & organisations **by seasonally hostingestablished and proven domain-specific mentorship and upskilling programmes such as [MATS](https://www.matsprogram.org/) and [ARENA](https://www.arena.education/). 

These outputs advance our theory of change:

![](https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/6aklwQMaLn-_f-8mb3ARrEy-pnedMOsoV-rXthOjXMdDCmhVmwRUbASy5cVfgIFdTdnoAuwd_8Ccn9jQi1ggOoDM65JGv8MBGfI17Clz136-pEVRp5sdXKNINSN1GWZyoiB0SguQCxMwRXBwEMvSUCI)

A causal graph showing LISA's theory of change.

  
**Risks and Mitigations**
----------------------------

### **The supported individual researchers & organisations might underperform expectations.**

 Mitigations:

*   **Support a diversity of individuals, organisations, and agendas:** It is hard to know which AI safety agendas will be most promising, so we will support a wide range of research agendas to decorrelate failure. We will also guard against groupthink and foster a culture of humility and curiosity. If we are diversifying enough, we expect some fraction of ideas harboured here to fail.
*   **Expert evaluation:** LISA utilises the diverse technical AI safety expertise of the LISA team and advisory board (consisting of member org representatives) to evaluate membership admissions. We draw from experience selecting mentors and mentees for MATS and solicit advice and references from MATS mentors, PhD supervisors, or industry employers(when applicable). Finally, we will predominantly only admit as[ Residents](https://www.notion.so/LISA-membership-overview-97035f1209164f949b3e66c3fb46147e?pvs=21) those with a track record of quality AI safety research (or a convincing reference) and evidence of an epistemic attitude of humility and curiosity.
*   **Regular impact analysis:** We will routinely evaluate[ LISA Residents](https://www.notion.so/LISA-membership-overview-97035f1209164f949b3e66c3fb46147e?pvs=21)’ impact to ensure their work is still best supported at LISA. LISA Research fellows will attend biweekly meetings with LISA’s Research Director for constructive critique and mentorship and will be expected to report their progress every 3 months.
*   **Adaptive approach:** LISA will regularly and rigorously gather insights into what is viewed as more or less impactful areas of AI safety research. We will then update and adapt research support priorities accordingly.

### **We might not be able to attract and retain top potential AI safety researchers.**

 Mitigations:

*   **Ensure that member organisations and residents value LISA**.
    *   We have established an [advisory board](https://www.safeai.org.uk/about-us/) consisting of member organisation leads. We have frequent meetings to ensure they feel heard, their needs are met, and LISA is the most attractive home for them.
    *   LISA will continue evolving to accommodate its resident individuals’ and member organisations' growing needs and ambitions. Indeed, this is part of our motivation for moving to a larger office space.
*   **Attractive proposition:** Our activities, outlined in our theory of change, will make LISA an appealing option for top researchers who might also have lucrative non-AI safety job offers. The current calibre of researchers and organisations based at LISA indicates waiting demand (even though we have yet to advertise ourselves beyond word of mouth).
*   **Facilitating industry roles:** “If AI Safety research impact is power law distributed, won’t the best researchers all find jobs in industry instead of LISA anyway?”
    *   We view securing industry AI safety jobs for LISA residents as aligned with our mission. Since the best talent will also have great non-AI Safety job offers, providing a productive and attractive home is important.
    *   Many agendas are currently not supported in industry. We think it is important to support those advancing otherwise neglected research agendas.

### **Given the UK Government’s AI Safety Institute and other initiatives, we might be redundant.**

This is a misconception. The AI Safety Institute (AISI) has a very different focus, concentrating on evaluating the impact and risks of frontier models. Instead,  LISA will be a place where fundamental research can happen. We also house organisations like Apollo, a partner of AISI, so the relationship is complementary and collaborative. With regard to other initiatives, we think that the existence of more safety institutes is good for AI Safety and that it is good for individuals to have the choice between a range of options.