# AISN #59: EU Publishes General-Purpose AI Code of Practice

Welcome to the AI Safety Newsletter by the [Center for AI Safety](https://www.safe.ai/). We discuss developments in AI and AI safety. No technical background required.

In this edition: The EU published a General-Purpose AI Code of Practice for AI providers, and Meta is spending billions revamping its superintelligence development efforts.

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**EU Publishes General-Purpose AI Code of Practice**
====================================================

In June 2024, the EU adopted the [AI Act](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng), which remains the world’s most significant law regulating AI systems. The Act bans some uses of AI like social scoring and predictive policing and limits other “high risk” uses such as generating credit scores or evaluating educational outcomes. It also regulates general-purpose AI (GPAI) systems, imposing transparency requirements, copyright protection policies, and safety and security standards for models that pose systemic risk (defined as those trained using ≥10^25^ FLOPs).

However, these safety and security standards are ambiguous—for example, the Act requires providers of GPAIs to “assess and mitigate possible systemic risks,” but does not specify how to do so. This ambiguity may leave GPAI developers uncertain whether they are complying with the AI Act, and regulators uncertain whether GPAI developers are implementing adequate safety and security practices.

To address this problem, on July 10th 2025, the EU published the [General-Purpose AI Code of Practice](https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/contents-code-gpai). The Code is a voluntary set of guidelines to comply with the AI Act’s GPAI obligations before they take effect on August 2nd, 2025.

**The Code of Practice establishes safety and security requirements for GPAI providers.** The Code consists of three chapters—Transparency, Copyright, and Safety and Security. The last chapter, Safety and Security, only applies to the handful of companies whose models cross the Act’s systemic-risk threshold.

The Safety and Security chapter requires GPAI providers to create frameworks outlining how they will identify and mitigate risks throughout a model's lifecycle. These frameworks must follow a structured approach to risk assessment—for each major decision (such as new model releases), providers must follow the following three steps:

*   **Identification**. Companies must identify potential systemic risks. Four categories of systemic risks require special attention: CBRN (chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear) risks, loss of control, cyber offense capabilities, and harmful manipulation.
*   **Analysis**. Each risk must be analyzed—for example, by using model evaluations. When the risk is greater than those posed by models already on the EU market, providers may be required to involve third-party evaluators.
*   **Determination**. Companies must determine whether the risks they identified are acceptable before proceeding. If not, they must implement safety and security mitigations.

![](https://res.cloudinary.com/cea/image/upload/f_auto,q_auto/v1/mirroredImages/FqfCkJPdfkRERFKiv/dj9ses2iqljcwjc1rknu)

**Continuous monitoring, incident reporting timelines, and future-proofing**. The Code requires continuous monitoring after models are deployed, and strict incident reporting timelines. For serious incidents, companies must file initial reports within days. It also acknowledges that current safety methods may prove insufficient as AI advances. Companies can implement alternative approaches if they demonstrate equal or superior safety outcomes.

**AI providers will likely comply with the Code**. While the Code is technically voluntary, compliance with the EU AI Act is not. Providers are incentivized to reduce their legal uncertainty by complying with the Code, since EU regulators will assume that providers who comply with the Code are also Act-compliant. [OpenAI](https://openai.com/global-affairs/eu-code-of-practice/) and [Mistral](https://www.linkedin.com/posts/oc%C3%A9ane-herrero-b61bb9124_frances-mistral-will-sign-new-eu-ai-code-activity-7349130295532539904-UOh7/) have already indicated they intend to comply with the Code.

The Code formalizes some existing industry practices advocated for by parts of the AI safety community, such as publishing [safety frameworks](https://metr.org/faisc) (or: responsible scaling policies) and system cards. Since frontier AI companies are very likely to comply with the Code, securing similar legislation in the US may no longer be a priority for AI safety.

**Meta Superintelligence Labs**
===============================

Meta [spent](https://apnews.com/article/meta-ai-superintelligence-agi-scale-alexandr-wang-4b55aabf7ea018e38ffdccb66e37cf26) $14.3 billion for a 49 percent stake in Scale AI, starting “[Meta Superintelligence Labs](https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-06-30/zuckerberg-announces-meta-superintelligence-effort-more-hires).”  The deal folds every AI group at Meta into one division and puts Scale founder Alexandr Wang—now chief AI officer—to lead Meta’s superintelligence development efforts.

**Meta makes nine-figure pay offers to poach top AI talent.** Reuters reported that Meta has offered “up to $100 million” to OpenAI staff, a tactic CEO Sam Altman [criticized](https://www.wired.com/story/sam-altman-meta-ai-talent-poaching-spree-leaked-messages/). SemiAnalysis [estimates](https://semianalysis.com/2025/07/11/meta-superintelligence-leadership-compute-talent-and-data/) Meta is offering typical leadership packages of around $200 million over four years. For example, Bloomberg [reports](https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-07-09/meta-poached-apple-s-pang-with-pay-package-over-200-million) that Apple’s foundation-models chief Ruoming Pang left for Meta after a package “well north of $200 million.” Other early recruits span OpenAI, DeepMind, and Anthropic.

**Meta has created a resourced competitor in the superintelligence race.** In response to [Meta’s hiring efforts](https://www.reuters.com/business/zuckerbergs-meta-superintelligence-labs-poaches-top-ai-talent-silicon-valley-2025-07-08/),  OpenAI, Google, and Anthropic have already raised pay bands, and smaller labs might be priced out of frontier work.

Meta is also raising its compute expenditures. It [lifted](https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/meta-raises-ai-data-center-capex-forecast-to-up-to-72bn-blames-trump-tariffs-for-increased-cost/) its 2025 capital-expenditure forecast to $72 billin, and SemiAnalysis [describes](https://semianalysis.com/2025/07/11/meta-superintelligence-leadership-compute-talent-and-data/) new, temporary “tent” campuses that can house one-gigawatt GPU clusters.

**In Other News**
=================

**Government**

*   California Senator Scott Wiener expanded [SB 53](https://legiscan.com/CA/text/SB53/2025), his AI safety bill, to include [new transparency measures](https://sd11.senate.ca.gov/news/senator-wiener-expands-ai-bill-landmark-transparency-measure-based-recommendations-governors).
*   The Commerce Department [requested](https://www.commerce.gov/sites/default/files/2025-06/BIS-FY2026-Congressional-Budget-Submission.pdf) additional funding for the Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) to enhance its enforcement of export controls.
*   Missouri’s Attorney General is [investigating](https://www.theverge.com/news/704851/missouri-ag-andrew-bailey-investigation-ai-chatbots-trump-ranking) AI chatbots for alleged political bias against Donald Trump.
*   The BRICS nations (an international group founded by Brasil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa that serves as a forum for political coordination for the Global South) signed a [commitment](https://brics.br/en/news/brics-summit-signs-historic-commitment-in-rio-for-more-inclusive-and-sustainable-governance) that included language on mitigating AI risks.
*   Bernie Sanders expressed concern about loss of control risks in an [interview](https://gizmodo.com/bernie-sanders-reveals-the-ai-doomsday-scenario-that-worries-top-experts-2000628611) with Gizmodo.

**Industry**

*   Last week, Grok was [explicitly antisemetic](https://www.forbes.com/sites/tylerroush/2025/07/09/elon-musk-claims-grok-manipulated-by-x-users-after-chatbot-praises-hitler/) on X. The behavior came after Grok’s system prompt was ([perhaps unintentionally](https://x.com/grok/status/1943916977481036128)) updated, among other changes telling Grok not to be “afraid to offend people who are politically correct.”
*   xAI also released [Grok 4](https://x.ai/news/grok-4), which achieves state-of-the-art scores on benchmarks including Humanity’s Last Exam and ARC-AGI-2.
*   OpenAI [accused](https://www.politico.com/news/2025/07/10/openai-accuses-nonprofit-elon-musk-lobbying-violations-00448226) the Coalition for AI Nonprofit Integrity of lobbying violations amid an ongoing legal dispute with Elon Musk.
*   Anthropic [published](https://www.anthropic.com/news/the-need-for-transparency-in-frontier-ai) a blog post on the need for transparency in frontier AI development.
*   OpenAI is set to [release](https://www.theverge.com/notepad-microsoft-newsletter/702848/openai-open-language-model-o3-mini-notepad) an open-weight version similar to its o3-mini model.
*   OpenAI’s deal to acquire Windsurf [failed](https://www.theverge.com/openai/705999/google-windsurf-ceo-openai), and instead Google hired Windsurf’s CEO to lead its AI products division and Cognition AI [acquired](https://www.nytimes.com/2025/07/14/technology/cognition-ai-windsurf.html) the company.

**Civil Society**

*   Henry Papadatos [discusses](https://ai-frontiers.org/articles/how-the-eus-code-of-practice-advances-ai-safety) how the EU’s GPAI Code of Practice advances AI safety.
*   Chris Miller [analyzes](https://ai-frontiers.org/articles/us-chip-export-controls-china-ai) how US export controls have (and haven’t) curbed Chinese AI.
*   The University of Oxford’s AI Governance Initiative [published](https://aigi.ox.ac.uk/publications/verification-for-international-ai-governance/) a report on verification for international AI agreements.
*   A METR [study](https://metr.org/blog/2025-07-10-early-2025-ai-experienced-os-dev-study/) found that experienced developers work 19% more slowly when using AI tools.
*   CAIS is [hosting](https://icml.cc/virtual/2025/49700) an AI Safety Social at ICML.

See also: [CAIS’ X account](https://x.com/ai_risks?lang=en), our paper on [superintelligence strategy](https://www.nationalsecurity.ai/), our [AI safety course](https://www.aisafetybook.com/), and [AI Frontiers](http://ai-frontiers.org/), a new platform for expert commentary and analysis.

Listen to the AI Safety Newsletter for free on [Spotify](https://spotify.link/E6lHa1ij2Cb) or [Apple Podcasts](https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/ai-safety-newsletter/id1702875110).

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