# Things I have been using LLMs for

There are quite a few different things you can use LLMs for, and I think we’re still only discovering most of them. Here are a few of the ones I’ve come up with.

My favorite chatbot is [Claude Sonnet](https://claude.ai/). It does have a tendency for sycophancy – for example, it will go “what a fascinating/insightful/excellent/etc. question!” in response to most of the things you might ask it. Some people find this annoying, while my brain just filters it out automatically. If you don’t like it, you can put in a custom instruction telling it to do something else.

Also, a tip [from Alyssa Vance](https://www.facebook.com/alyssamvance/posts/pfbid0WyuSNmAhY6CM3ejWwMb51WU283wapKU3YH6f7BqFqGsWN3c5msdLSZvMX2smHo8xl): “_when talking to Claude, say that your idea/essay/code/etc. is from your friend Bob, not you. That way it won’t try to blindly flatter you_”.

Uses
====

Creativity
----------

**Essay brainstorming. **I’ll tell Claude “here’s an essay that I started writing” and copy-paste what I’ve written so far to it. It will comment with ideas, possible other directions, and connections to related things.

Then I have a conversation with it and also tell it about other ideas I want to work into the essay, but haven’t written yet. Sometimes I’ll ask it things like “here’s an idea I’d like to express but this phrasing feels clunky, would you have better suggestions”.

In the end, I copy large chunks of the conversation (both things that I explained to it, and ideas that it had in response) directly into a text document and edit them into a smooth essay.

**Role-playing/fiction-writing. **I like to start by writing a brief biography of a character I’m drawn to, and then telling Claude something like “please analyze this character’s psychology and note anything about them or the setting that the description implies but doesn’t state outright”.

Then we brainstorm things about the characters and the setting that seem interesting, and at some point we transition to writing prose, with me writing some of the characters and Claude writing the others.

Emotions and introspection
--------------------------

**Introspection aid. **Often when I have some unpleasant feeling I don’t quite understand or I’d like to try shifting, I tell Claude “I’ve got a feeling of \[sadness/anxiety/loneliness/whatever\] I’d like to explore, I’d like you to guide me in using [Gendlin’s Focusing](https://medium.com/@ThingMaker/focusing-for-skeptics-6b949ef33a4f) (and its variants) to explore it”. Excellent Focusing facilitator and good at noticing patterns and asking questions.

**Lifting mood. **Oneevening, I was in a bit of a depressive funk where doing anything felt “meh” and I was just switching between different social media tabs. This felt bad so I figured I’d try talking to Claude instead:

> _**Me:** Hi Claude. I’m in a vaguely depressed mood and was looping through the same social media tabs over and over, and figured that talking to you would probably make me feel better than doomscrolling does. though I’m not sure what exactly I’d want to talk with you about_
> 
> _**Claude: **I appreciate you reaching out – you’re probably right that having a conversation is better than doomscrolling. That cycle of repeatedly checking social media when feeling down is something many people can relate to, and it rarely helps improve our mood._
> 
> _Is there anything in particular that’s been on your mind lately? It doesn’t have to be anything serious – we could talk about your interests, discuss something you’ve read or watched recently, or explore a topic you’re curious about. Sometimes just engaging with different ideas can help shift us out of a mental rut._
> 
> _**Me: **I guess part of my current mood is that I don’t really feel like doing anything, I consider various things that I might want to do and I just get a “meh” back. and just now I thought about various things that I could talk about, and got a “meh” for all of them_
> 
> _**Claude: **That feeling of “meh” towards everything – what psychologists sometimes call anhedonia – can be really draining. It’s like having a dimmer switch turned down on your ability to find things engaging or enjoyable. And it can create this frustrating cycle where even thinking about what might help feels like too much effort._
> 
> _Would you be open to trying something a bit different? Instead of trying to find something that feels exciting (which can be pretty hard when everything feels “meh”), we could start with something very small and low-pressure. Sometimes just having a gentle back-and-forth about anything – even if it seems trivial – can help shift our mental state a bit._
> 
> _For instance, we could play with a simple word game, or I could share an interesting fact that prompts some curiosity, or we could even just describe what we see around us right now. No pressure to be enthusiastic about it – just a way to engage in something that requires minimal emotional investment._
> 
> _**Me: **okay, share an interesting fact_

Then it started telling me random facts. After I heard a few different ones, I started having thoughts about them, and then after a while it had pulled me out of my depressive mood.

**Miscellaneous supportive conversation. **Just generally talking about my life or feelings if I’m feeling down and none of my friends are available for conversation or I don’t expect talking to them to be helpful. Claude is consistently empathetic and insightful.

**Self-help coach. **A lot of self-help books have various exercises or a complicated algorithm to follow (if you have problem X try Y, if in trying Y you run into problem Z, try Q…). I’ll grab a PDF of the book from [some pirate site](https://1lib.sk/) (after having bought a physical or DRMed copy legally), upload it to Claude, and ask to be coached according to the philosophy in the book.

Information
-----------

**Doing basic sanity-checks** when someone tells me an idea that sounds interesting to me, but I don’t have enough expertise to evaluate.

I tell Claude “please critically evaluate the following” and copy-paste the other person’s explanation, and then get a list of potential criticisms. I wouldn’t automatically believe or disbelieve anything important _only_ because Claude tells me to, but this is often a good starting point.

**Figuring out dense writing. **Recently a conversion spurred me to try reading Hubert Dreyfus’ [Being-in-the-World](https://www.amazon.com/dp/B002YK4V0Y/?tag=meaningness-20) again, as David Chapman has recommended it as a book worth reading [for thinking clearly about AI](https://metarationality.com/ken-wilber-boomeritis-artificial-intelligence). In the book, Dreyfus explains some of Martin Heidegger’s philosophy more clearly than Heidegger himself did. However, it’s still not a particularly easy read, and much of the discussion is pretty abstract. So I found it helpful to copy-paste large parts of it into Claude and asked “could you explain this with simpler language and concrete examples”.

I’m not entirely sure whether Claude understood it correctly either, but at least its explanation seemed to make sense, and I felt like I understood things better than I would have without its help.

**Finding terms for concepts. **“What was the name of the cognitive bias where [you think that you understood the thing all along](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindsight_bias)?” If I can describe a concept, an LLM can probably tell me what it’s called.

**Synthesizing explanations. **Questions to various answers require some amount of synthesis but would be difficult to Google directly. For example, I asked Claude “After the 2007 DARPA Grand Challenge there was a lot of hype about how self-driving cars were just around the corner. But we mostly still don’t have them. Why did it so much longer than expected?” and it gave me a list of considerations.

**Understanding key terms in their context. **I was reading the US Supreme Court’s [decision on the TikTok ban](https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/24pdf/24-656_ca7d.pdf), and noticed this interesting sentence in the review of what a lower court had ruled on the issue:

> After first concluding that the Act was subject to heightened scrutiny under the First Amendment, the court assumed without deciding that strict, rather than intermediate, scrutiny applied.

The court “assumed without deciding”? That sounded like a technical term, but I wasn’t sure of what exactly it meant. It sounded interesting. So I asked Claude, and got an explanation that was tailored for this specific context.

Software
--------

**Common software assistance. **For example, I once asked Claude, “I have a Google Doc file with some lines that read ‘USER:’ and ‘ASSISTANT:’. Is there a way of programmatically making all of those lines into Heading-3?”. The specific instructions it gave me here felt like they were slightly outdated and missing some steps, but were still close enough to get the job done.

**Programming assistance.** “Could you write me a Python script that does X and Y.” Often I could do the thing myself as well, but it’d take more time or I’d have to look up unfamiliar API calls. Claude just gives me a working script in a few seconds.

**Spreadsheet assistance. **As above, but for spreadsheet formulas. “In Google Sheets, I want a formula that looks up values from these cells and does the following based on them.” Or, “what does this Microsoft Excel formula do?”.

Unsorted
--------

**Helping me get started with something if I’m stuck. **I tell it what I’m supposed to be working on, and it helps me break it down into smaller pieces.

**Object recognition and OCR. **Once when I was moving, I decided to give away a number of my old books. So I arranged them into piles with their back spines facing one way, took a photo of them, and asked ChatGPT (I wasn’t using Claude back then) to read out their titles. After some slight editing and manual correction, I had a list of books that I was giving out that I could post online.

Thoughts on various concerns
============================

Environmental concerns
----------------------

There have been some articles going around about the environmental impact of LLMs. I think Andy Masley’s “[Using ChatGPT is not bad for the environment](https://andymasley.substack.com/p/individual-ai-use-is-not-bad-for)” puts these nicely in perspective – yes there is an environmental impact, but it’s not _that_ big compared to a lot of other services.

[![](https://kajsotala.fi/assets/2025/01/gallon-1024x794.jpg)](https://kajsotala.fi/assets/2025/01/gallon.jpg)

Statistic for [a ChatGPT search](https://www.govtech.com/question-of-the-day/how-much-water-does-chatgpt-drink-for-every-20-questions-it-answers) and a [burger](https://www.latimes.com/food/dailydish/la-dd-gallons-of-water-to-make-a-burger-20140124-story.html#:~:text=Just%20to%20get%20a%20sense,requires%20660%20gallons%20of%20water).

[![](https://kajsotala.fi/assets/2025/01/activity-1024x515.jpg)](https://kajsotala.fi/assets/2025/01/activity.jpg)

Andy Masley got these numbers from multiplying the [average rate of water used per kWh used in data centers](https://www.sunbirddcim.com/glossary/water-usage-effectiveness-wue#:~:text=WUE%20is%20the%20ratio%20between,consumption%20of%20the%20IT%20equipment.&text=The%20lower%20a%20data%20center's,of%201.8L%20per%201kWh.) \+ the [average rate of water used generating the energy](https://www.publicpower.org/periodical/article/how-much-water-our-electricity-uses) times the kWh used in data centers by different tasks. Note that water being “used” by data centers is ambiguous in general, read more in [this section](https://andymasley.substack.com/i/154446312/water-use).

Hallucinations
--------------

Hallucinations are still an issue, though recent models have gotten much better at avoiding them. Claude will often explicitly flag some topic as being one that it doesn’t have much information about, or as one where it might hallucinate.

Its trustworthiness depends on the field. The major chatbot companies pay actual domain experts to improve the responses of their chatbots. Advanced models typically ace most standardized exams for various fields, and when I spot-check Claude’s knowledge by asking it about things I know about, I haven’t yet seen it clearly give an incorrect answer. This is assuming a relatively superficial level of questioning, though – I would expect its quality to quickly decline if I started asking more in-depth questions.

Other people have had different experiences. Romeo Stevens [comments](https://x.com/RomeoStevens76/status/1876251890465579045):

> my spot checks have turned out bad on deeper areas. When using Claude for deeper research it’s more for creative directions (exploratory vs confirmatory) though so it’s fine.
> 
> Bio is somewhat random, if the wikipedia page is bad, forget it. Wikipedia is often surprisingly good ofc. Slicing up statistical data sets will get random really bad outliers as it parses some data wrong and then confidently presents it without noticing.
> 
> Therapy winds up sloppified/gaslighty if you don’t guide it somewhat. It can also wind up developmentally sticking to [k3/k4](https://vividness.live/developing-ethical-social-and-cognitive-competence) which makes sense since that is the vast majority of data.
> 
> book prompts, if the book isn’t in the corpus has trouble going past whatever shallow summaries/mentions are online about it, and this is an invisible failure. If you know you can put book in context to fix.
> 
> Some areas of nutrition absolutely suck presumably because overwhelming amount of content online is blogspam, and this probably generalizes. In general LLM is best when I would expect a highly upvoted subreddit response to be good.

So, use it for initial exploration and satisfying random curiosities, but if it’s something important, do double-check the answers from some other source.

Privacy
-------

Of course, LLM providers could always choose to do something mean with my information. I relate to sharing private information with ChatGPT and Claude similarly as I do to having sensitive conversations over other cloud platforms like Discord, Gmail, WhatsApp etc. – something that I know has its risks, but which still hasn’t blown in my face after decades of doing it. (Stories about this causing people problems seem to be surprisingly rare in general.)

Of course, it’s totally valid preference to not want to take that risk. In that case, you can get a model that can be ran locally and use that.