# Better New Year's Goals through Aligning the Elephant and the Rider

*Meta: This content is unlikely to be new to veteran LWers, but rather represents a collection of what I have found to be the most actionable and useful tools and techniques for **quickly** bolstering a goal or resolution and increasing my odds of success. I have been making and tracking my progress in New Year's Goals for ten years and feel confident in all of the following techniques and heuristics.*

In my personal experience, what we call "akrasia" is most often caused by misalignment between your Elephant (your emotional, intuitive, and often unconscious self) and your Rider (your reflective, analytical, and strategic self).

Think of the [**Elephant and Rider**](https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/du395YvCnQXBPSJax/how-you-make-judgments-the-elephant-and-its-rider) as two parts of a team. The Elephant has its own intelligence and desires, but isn't great at communicating them. The Elephant can be short-sighted and prone to getting stuck without the Rider's broader perspective. In contrast, the cerebral Rider relies on the Elephant to get anywhere, and can be dangerously insensitive to the needs of emotion and the body.

A goal that is likely to be achieved is one that appeals to both the Elephant and the Rider. If the Rider wants a goal but the Elephant doesn't find it appealing, the Elephant will lack the motivation to pursue it, leading to akrasia. On the other hand, if the Elephant wants to pursue a goal but the Rider doesn't agree, it may feel like a compulsion or self-destructive behavior.

To set effective goals, consider the following guidelines:

### **Understand the Elephant**

Elephants tend to want the same things: survival, social connection, self-esteem, mastery, pleasure, meaning, growth, and power. Authentically frame your goal in terms of these basic drives to make it more appealing to the Elephant.

### **Involve Others**

Around half of the common Elephant drives involve social connection, so consider how you can make your goal more social. If it's already social (e.g. "Learn salsa dancing"), then emphasize that. If it's not (e.g. "Write a novel"), then schedule regular updates with friends or a cohort to discuss your progress.

### **Make It Robust**

Make your goal robust to disruptions and distractions. The [**Premortem**](https://asana.com/resources/premortem) or [**Murphyjutsu**](https://guildoftherose.org/articles/murphyjitsu) technique can be helpful for this. It can also be helpful to remain aware of new priorities that might derail your focus. Remember that each new goal or obligation takes up more of your finite resources of time and motivation.

### **Repot Early On**

Consider repotting your goal *before* you start. The [**Goal Repotting**](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mMHpkCts0nM) exercise refers to changing the parameters of a stale or goal unexciting goal to broaden its success criteria and get closer to the root of its Elephant-appeal, for example changing a goal statement form "write a novel" to "become recognized as a storyteller." This technique can help you reshape your goal into a form that is more appealing to the Elephant. If you're not excited to start working on your goal, it's a bad sign for your chances of success.

### **SMART Goals**

Once you have a goal that resonates with both the Elephant and the Rider, break it down into a [**SMART goal**](https://www.atlassian.com/blog/productivity/how-to-write-smart-goals) (specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound) and keep the breakdown handy for reference. You can also use tools like [**Beeminder**](https://www.beeminder.com/) or other software trackers to help you stay focused and clear on your intentions. Be warned that overreliance on carefully constructed SMART goals without ensuring Elephant-endorsement tends to hand too much power to the Rider and result in [**Ugh Fields**](https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/EFQ3F6kmt4WHXRqik/ugh-fields) and general aversion arising around the goal.

### **Identify Missing Motivations**

Refer to the [**Motivation Equation**](https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/RWo4LwFzpHNQCTcYt/how-to-beat-procrastination) as a tool to understand why your motivation may be lacking. Remember not to take it too seriously, but use it to identify the potential missing elements in your motivation.

$$
Motivation = \frac{Expectancy * Value}{Impulsiveness * Delay}
$$

​

### **Adjust Continuously**

Finally, remember that the Elephant and Rider are always at work and in dialogue with each other. Pay attention to the dynamic between them and try to find a balance that works for you. By aligning your goals with the desires of both the Elephant and the Rider, you can increase your chances of achieving your goals. As you begin the journey, remain open to the possibility that you haven't quite found the right formulation of your goal yet. Adjusting or repotting your goals over time is natural and normal.