# A conversation on theory of mind, subjectivity, and objectivity

I recently had a [Twitter conversation](https://twitter.com/jessi_cata/status/1236883378198024195) with [Roko Mijic](https://twitter.com/RokoMijicUK). I believe it contains ideas that a wider philosophical/rationalist audience may find valuable, and so include here a transcript (quoted with permission).

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Jessica: There are a number of "runs on top of" relations in physicalism:

-   mind runs on top of body
-   discrete runs on top of continuous
-   choice runs on top of causality

My [present philosophy](https://unstableontology.com/2020/03/05/a-critical-agential-account-of-free-will-causation-and-physics/) inverts the metaphysical order: mind/discrete/choice is more basic.

This is less of a problem than it first appears, because mind/discrete/choice can conceptualize, hypothesize, and learn about body/continuous/causality, and believe in a "effectively runs on" relation between the two.

In contrast, starting from body/continuous/causality has trouble with getting to mind/discrete/choice as even being conceptualizable, hence tending towards eliminativism.

Roko: Eliminitivism has a good track record though.

Jessica: Nah, it can't account for what an "observation" is so can't really explain observations.

Roko: I don't really see a problem here. It makes perfect sense within a reductionist or eliminativist paradigm for a robot to have some sensors and to sense its environment. You don't need a soul, or god, or strong free will, or objective person-independent values for that.

Jessica: Subjective Occam's razor (incl. [Solomonoff induction](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomonoff%27s_theory_of_inductive_inference)) says I should adopt the explanation that best explains *my* observations. Eliminativism can't really say what "my" means here. If it believed in "my observations" it would believe in consciousness.

It has to do some ontological reshuffling around what "observations" are that, I think, undermines the case for believing in physics in the first place, which is that it explains my observations.

Roko: It means the observations that are caused by sensors plugged into the hardware that your algorithm instance is running on.

Jessica: That means "my algorithm instance" exists. Sounds like a mental entity. Can't really have those under eliminativism (but can under functionalism etc).

Roko: I don't want to eliminate my mental instance from my philosophy, that would be kind of ridiculous.

Jessica: Well, yes, so eliminativism is false. I understand eliminativism to mean there is only physical, no mental. Believing mental runs on physical could be functionalism, property dualism, or some other non-eliminativist position.

Roko: I think it makes more sense to think of mental things as existing subjectively (i.e. if they belong to you) and physical things as existing objectively. I definitely think that dualism is making a mistake in thinking of objectively-existing mental things

Jessica: I don't think this objective/subjective dichotomy works out. I haven't seen a good positive case, and my understanding of [deixis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deixis) leads me to believe that references to the objective must be resolved subjectively. See also *[On the Origin of Objects](https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/origin-objects)*.

Basically I don't see how we can, in a principled way, have judgments like "X exists but only subjectively, not objectively". It would appear that by saying "X exists" I am asserting that X is an existent object (i.e. I'm saying something objective).

See also Thomas Nagel's [The View From Nowhere](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_View_from_Nowhere). Spoiler alert: there isn't a view from nowhere, it's an untenable concept.

Roko: My sensation of the flavor of chocolate exists but only subjectively.

Jessica: We're now talking about the sensation of the flavor of the chocolate though. Is this really that different from talking about "that car over there"? I don't see how some entities can, in a principled way, be classified as objective and some as subjective.

Like, in talking about "X" I'm porting something in my mental world-representation into the discursive space. I don't at all see how to classify some of these portings as objective and some as subjective.

See also [writing on the difficulty of the fact/opinion distinction](https://www.philosophersmag.com/essays/26-the-fact-opinion-distinction).

Roko: It's not actually the flavor "of" the chocolate though. It's the sensation of flavor that your brain generates for you only, in response to certain nerve stimuli.

> I don't see how some entities can, in a principled way, be classified as objective and some as subjective.

It's very easy actually. Subjectives are the things that you cannot possibly be mistaken about, the "I think therefore I am's".

No deceiving demon can fool you into thinking that you're experiencing the taste of chocolate, the color purple, or an orgasm. No deceiving demon can fool you into thinking that you're visualizing the number 4.

Jessica: I don't think this is right. The thought follows the experience. There can be mistranslations along the way. This might seem like a pedantic point but we're talking about *linguistic* subjective statements so it's relevant.

Translating the subjective into words can introduce errors. It's at least as hard as, say, adding small numbers. So your definition means "1+1=2" is also subjective.

Roko: I think that it's reasonable to see small number math instances as subjectives. I can see 3 pens. I can conceive of 3 dots, that's a subjective thing. It's in the same class as seeing red or smelling a rose.

[continuing from the deceiving demon thread] These are the things that are inherently part of your instance or mind. The objective, on the other hand, is always somewhat uncertain and inferred. Things are out there and they send signals to you. But you are inferring their existence.

Jessica: Okay, I agree with this sort of mental/outside-mental distinction, and you can define subjective/objective to mean that. This certainly doesn't bring in other connotations of the objective, such as view-from-nowhere or observer-independence; I can be wrong about indexicals too.

Roko: Well it happens to be a property of our world that when different people infer the shape of the objective (i.e. draw maps), they always converge. This is what being in a shared reality means.

I mean they always converge if they follow the right principles, e.g. complexity priors, and those same principles are the ones that allow us to successfully manipulate reality via actions. That's what the objective world out there is.

Jessica: Two reasons they could converge:

1.  Symmetry (this explains math)
2.  Existence of same entities (e.g. landmarks)

I'm fine with calling 1 observer-independent. Problem: your view of, and references to, 2, depend on your standpoint. Because of deixis.

Obvious deictic references are things like "the car over there" or "the room I'm in". It is non-obvious but, I think, true, that all physical references are deictic. Which makes sense because physical causality is deictic (locally causal and symmetric).

Even "the Great Wall of China" refers to the Great Wall of China on *our* Earth. It couldn't refer to the one on the [twin Earth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twin_Earth_thought_experiment). And the people on twin Earth have "the Great Wall of China" refer to the one on the twin Earth, not ours.

At the same time, maps created starting from different places can be patched together, in a collage. However, pasting these together requires taking into account the standpoint-dependence of the individual maps being pasted together.

And at no point does this pasting-together result in a view from nowhere. It might seem that way because it keeps getting bigger and more zoomed-out. But at each individual time it's finite.

Roko: Yes this is all nice but I think the point where we get to hard questions is when we think about mental phenomena that I would classify as subjectives as being part of the objective reality.

This is the [petrl.org](http://petrl.org/) problem, or [@reducesuffering](https://twitter.com/reducesuffering) worrying about whether plankton or insects "really do" have subjective experiences etc

Jessica: In my view "my observation" is an extremely deictic reference, to something maximally here-and-now, such that there isn't any [stabilization](https://unstableontology.com/2020/01/25/on-the-ontological-development-of-consciousness/) to do. Intermediate maps paste these extremely deictic maps together into less-deictic, but still deictic, maps. It never gets non-deictic.

It's hard to pin down intersubjectively precisely because it's so deictic. I can't really port my here-and-now to your here-and-now without difficulty.