# Increasing GDP is not growth

I just saw another comment implying that immigration was good because it increased GDP.  Over the years, I've seen many similar comments in the LW / transhumanist / etc bubble claiming that increasing a country's population is good because it increases its GDP.  These are generally used in support of increasing either immigration or population growth.

It doesn't, however, make sense.  People have attached a positive valence to certain words, then moved those words into new contexts.  They did not figure out what they want to optimize and do the math.

I presume they want to optimize wealth or productivity per person.  You wouldn't try to make Finland richer by absorbing China.  Its GDP would go up, but its GDP per person would go way down.

I know why LWers want to say that increasing GDP is good.  Historically, LessWrong is associated with transhumanism and specifically extropianism, and one of the main opponents of transhumanism is the romantic, anti-technology part of the environmentalist movement.  The Extropians were strong supporters of Julian Simon, an economist who argued against environmentalists that population growth would not lead to collapse, but to _lower_ rather than higher prices.

Growth is good.  That was one of our mantras in the 1990s.  And economists measure growth via GDP.  So increasing GDP is good, right?

Wrong.  Increasing GDP is _not_ the same as productivity growth.  Productivity makes sense either _per person_ (when speaking locally) or _per planet_ (or other isolated system, when looking at the big picture or the rate of technological change).GDP stands for Gross Domestic Product.  It refers to the total yearly market value of the product of those people contained within some rather arbitrarily drawn border on a map, and is used for national budget planning.  Both are surprisingly complex to compute, but in very different ways.

If you have a constant population, and GDP increases, productivity per person has increased.  But if you have a border on a map enclosing some people, and you move it so it encloses more people, productivity hasn't increased.  If instead of moving the border over the people, you move the people over the border, productivity still hasn't increased.  Those people might be more productive on the other side of the border, but I haven't seen people make that argument.  They just say increasing population increases GDP, so it's good.

If your population grows, your GDP will grow.  That's not what Julian Simon was talking about.  Simon argued that as population density rises, wealth per person will grow.  He didn't say that increased _GDP_ is a good thing, but that increased _productivity_ is good.  GDP is only _correlated_ with productivity. (In fact, he argued against using even GDP per person as the sole measurement of growth:  "Every time a human baby is born, the per capita GDP falls."  Increased productivity makes prices fall, which makes wealth go up but GDP go down.)

Remember that the concepts of GDP and productivity are separate.  You might be tempted to call GDP "productivity per country", but it just doesn't mean that when it's used in discussions _about changing the population size or density of the country_.  It is invalid in that context to infer changes in productivity, and hence positive or negative valence, from changes in GDP.  People would realize that if they remembered _why_ they think increasing GDP is good, but I fear they don't--they just note the positive valence they've attached to the word and assume it's still valid in the current context.