# Should I buy roofies from the darknet?

*Crossposted from* [*Telescopic Turnip*](https://malmesbury.substack.com/p/psychology-on-roofies)*.*

As I am writing, there is a tiny angel-version of myself suspended in mid-air over my left shoulder. His comforting voice is telling me to live a normal life and pursue happiness in normal hobbies like play-dough, warhammer or [ironing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extreme_ironing). Floating over my right shoulder, a little devil-myself is telling me: “hey, you know what would be a *great* idea? Go on the darknet and buy some [roofies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flunitrazepam)!

* * *

The thing with experimental psychology is that each participant can only be tested once. For a compelling example, look at [Greenstein (2020](https://doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000489)). They wanted to know if being angry makes you more gullible to misinformation. Being scientists, they performed the Scientific Method: they split their sample of participants in half – one half got a nice and professional experimenter, the other half got an absolute dickhead annoying them on purpose (“*the experimenter was disorganized, dismissive, insulting, lost documents, provided only vague instructions, created unnecessary work, and interrupted the participant*”). Then, they could confirm that the angry group was indeed more sensitive to fake news.

But this statistical significance comes with a bitter price: they had to deliberately exasperate ~40 innocent undergraduates. And that’s a *small* study. If they really wanted solid results, they would have to recruit many more participants, and taken together this would amount to [a lot of total suffering](https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/3wYTFWY3LKQCnAptN/torture-vs-dust-specks). Wouldn’t it be great if we could do one arm of the experiment on one person, [obliviate](https://harrypotter.fandom.com/wiki/Memory_Charm) them and re-use the same person for the other arm?

Fortunately for us scientists who care about *ethics,* there may be a way. According to urban legends I’ve heard, some drugs can induce [anterograde amnesia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterograde_amnesia), the loss of memory of recent events (typically, what happened after you took the drug). These are reportedly used by bad people to commit all kinds of mischiefs. But we are good people – can we use these drugs for fun science instead?

For experimental purposes, the perfect drug would create strong and reproducible anterograde amnesia, with minimal side effects. If such a drug were available to the average reckless citizen scientist, there would certainly be a lot of opportunities for exploration, especially combined with good [self-blinding](https://elifesciences.org/articles/62878) techniques. You could test how much determinism there is in your thought process. Look for exotic [Schelling Points](https://messari.io/article/schelling-point) known only to yourself – can you come up twice with the exact same haiku? What about anti-cooperation games – playing the prisoner’s dilemma or [the game of chicken](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicken_(game)) against yourself? Are you bad enough for some [acausal trade](https://www.lesswrong.com/tag/acausal-trade), or evil enough to betray yourself as an act of self-trolling?

Then there is all the literature on unconscious bias and discrimination, like when researchers [send fake rental applications to landlords](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1051137718300457) and see if the name/race/sex of the applicant affects how many replies they get. Except here, with good anterograde amnesia, you could test your own biases. Does the sex of a politician affect [whether you vote for them](https://alexandercoppock.com/schwarz_coppock_2020.pdf)? Does the sex of a scientist affect [how you evaluate their research](https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1075547012472684)? What about their [start-up pitches](https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3301982)? Take it to the meta-level: how do you evaluate a study’s methodology, depending on [whether the](https://bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bjop.12463) [results match](https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.1510649112) [your favourite ideology](https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3175680)?

(For this kind of things, we can’t rely on self-blinding, since the participant must not know what hypothesis is being tested. Maybe ask random Internet people to submit pairs of survey questions, then go through all of them over a few sessions of anterograde amnesia. The more questions, the better, since it makes it harder to remember the specifics in case the drug is not completely effective.)

I don’t expect the perfect drug to exist. But we can look for imperfect alternatives. [Most benzodiazepines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzodiazepine) (including the *stricto sensu* roofies) seem to be highly incapacitative at the doses required for amnesia, so they are probably not a good choice. That being said, [midazolam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midazolam) has been used in [several](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2387207/) [studies](https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.0408075101) on memory, and it looks like patients were able to take part in the experiments about fine[^k2gmhu93zg]. [GHB](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma-Hydroxybutyric_acid) could also be a candidate: apparently, it was used as an alternative to MDMA in the 90s – if you’re [conscious enough to party](https://www.reddit.com/r/europe/comments/k0smsw/traditional_folk_clothing_from_the_low_countries/), you’re conscious enough to take a damn survey. Regarding side-effects, Wikipedia lists nausea, dizziness, drowsiness, agitation, visual disturbances, depressed breathing, *amnesia*, unconsciousness and death. Not perfect, but nothing beyond what a mad scientist with iron resolve can do. Here are my questions:

*   Have psychologists ever tried to use drug-induced amnesia for experiments? If not, why?
*   Are there any known drugs that would work for that?
*   What experiments would you do if you had access to such a drug?
*   How dangerous are such drugs for self-experimentation?
*   If a *“*friend of mine” was to order such drugs on the darknet for self-experimentation, what are the odds of being visited by the FBI shortly after? Do FBI agents even *enjoy* fun science?

Counting on your erudition.

[^k2gmhu93zg]: Here is an horror story about midazolam used as an anaesthetic, in combination with a myorelaxant. What if sedated patients feel pain during surgery, but just can’t remember it afterwards? (I’m not competent to verify these claims.)