operating expenses millions 2013 2012 2011 % (  % ) change 2013 v 2012 % (  % ) change 2012 v 2011 .
[['millions', '2013', '2012', '2011', '% (  % ) change 2013 v 2012', '% (  % ) change 2012 v 2011'], ['compensation and benefits', '$ 4807', '$ 4685', '$ 4681', '3 % (  % )', '-% ( - % )'], ['fuel', '3534', '3608', '3581', '-2 ( 2 )', '1'], ['purchased services and materials', '2315', '2143', '2005', '8', '7'], ['depreciation', '1777', '1760', '1617', '1', '9'], ['equipment and other rents', '1235', '1197', '1167', '3', '3'], ['other', '849', '788', '782', '8', '1'], ['total', '$ 14517', '$ 14181', '$ 13833', '2 % (  % )', '3% ( 3 % )']]
operating expenses increased $ 336 million in 2013 versus 2012 .wage and benefit inflation , new logistics management fees and container costs for our automotive business , locomotive overhauls , property taxes and repairs on jointly owned property contributed to higher expenses during the year .lower fuel prices partially offset the cost increases .operating expenses increased $ 348 million in 2012 versus 2011 .depreciation , wage and benefit inflation , higher fuel prices and volume- related trucking services purchased by our logistics subsidiaries , contributed to higher expenses during the year .efficiency gains , volume related fuel savings ( 2% ( 2 % ) fewer gallons of fuel consumed ) and $ 38 million of weather related expenses in 2011 , which favorably affects the comparison , partially offset the cost increase .compensation and benefits 2013 compensation and benefits include wages , payroll taxes , health and welfare costs , pension costs , other postretirement benefits , and incentive costs .general wages and benefits inflation , higher work force levels and increased pension and other postretirement benefits drove the increases in 2013 versus 2012 .the impact of ongoing productivity initiatives partially offset these increases .expenses in 2012 were essentially flat versus 2011 as operational improvements and cost reductions offset general wage and benefit inflation and higher pension and other postretirement benefits .in addition , weather related costs increased these expenses in 2011 .fuel 2013 fuel includes locomotive fuel and gasoline for highway and non-highway vehicles and heavy equipment .lower locomotive diesel fuel prices , which averaged $ 3.15 per gallon ( including taxes and transportation costs ) in 2013 , compared to $ 3.22 in 2012 , decreased expenses by $ 75 million .volume , as measured by gross ton-miles , decreased 1% ( 1 % ) while the fuel consumption rate , computed as gallons of fuel consumed divided by gross ton-miles , increased 2% ( 2 % ) compared to 2012 .declines in heavier , more fuel-efficient coal shipments drove the variances in gross-ton-miles and the fuel consumption rate .higher locomotive diesel fuel prices , which averaged $ 3.22 per gallon ( including taxes and transportation costs ) in 2012 , compared to $ 3.12 in 2011 , increased expenses by $ 105 million .volume , as measured by gross ton-miles , decreased 2% ( 2 % ) in 2012 versus 2011 , driving expense down .the fuel consumption rate was flat year-over-year .purchased services and materials 2013 expense for purchased services and materials includes the costs of services purchased from outside contractors and other service providers ( including equipment maintenance and contract expenses incurred by our subsidiaries for external transportation services ) ; materials used to maintain the railroad 2019s lines , structures , and equipment ; costs of operating facilities jointly used by uprr and other railroads ; transportation and lodging for train crew employees ; trucking and contracting costs for intermodal containers ; leased automobile maintenance expenses ; and tools and 2013 operating expenses .

Question: what percentage of total operating expenses was fuel in 2013?
Answer: 24%