jpmorgan chase & co ./ 2008 annual report 211 jpmorgan chase is subject to ongoing tax examinations by the tax authorities of the various jurisdictions in which it operates , including u.s .federal and state and non-u.s .jurisdictions .the firm 2019s consoli- dated federal income tax returns are presently under examination by the internal revenue service ( 201cirs 201d ) for the years 2003 , 2004 and 2005 .the consolidated federal income tax returns of bank one corporation , which merged with and into jpmorgan chase on july 1 , 2004 , are under examination for the years 2000 through 2003 , and for the period january 1 , 2004 , through july 1 , 2004 .the consolidat- ed federal income tax returns of bear stearns for the years ended november 30 , 2003 , 2004 and 2005 , are also under examination .all three examinations are expected to conclude in 2009 .the irs audits of the consolidated federal income tax returns of jpmorgan chase for the years 2006 and 2007 , and for bear stearns for the years ended november 30 , 2006 and 2007 , are expected to commence in 2009 .administrative appeals are pending with the irs relating to prior examination periods .for 2002 and prior years , refund claims relating to income and credit adjustments , and to tax attribute carry- backs , for jpmorgan chase and its predecessor entities , including bank one , have been filed .amended returns to reflect refund claims primarily attributable to net operating losses and tax credit carry- backs will be filed for the final bear stearns federal consolidated tax return for the period december 1 , 2007 , through may 30 , 2008 , and for prior years .the following table presents the u.s .and non-u.s .components of income from continuing operations before income tax expense ( benefit ) . .
[['year ended december 31 ( in millions )', '2008', '2007', '2006'], ['u.s .', '$ -2094 ( 2094 )', '$ 13720', '$ 12934'], ['non-u.s. ( a )', '4867', '9085', '6952'], ['income from continuing operationsbefore income taxexpense ( benefit )', '$ 2773', '$ 22805', '$ 19886']]
non-u.s. ( a ) 4867 9085 6952 income from continuing operations before income tax expense ( benefit ) $ 2773 $ 22805 $ 19886 ( a ) for purposes of this table , non-u.s .income is defined as income generated from operations located outside the u.s .note 29 2013 restrictions on cash and intercom- pany funds transfers the business of jpmorgan chase bank , national association ( 201cjpmorgan chase bank , n.a . 201d ) is subject to examination and regula- tion by the office of the comptroller of the currency ( 201cocc 201d ) .the bank is a member of the u.s .federal reserve system , and its deposits are insured by the fdic as discussed in note 20 on page 202 of this annual report .the board of governors of the federal reserve system ( the 201cfederal reserve 201d ) requires depository institutions to maintain cash reserves with a federal reserve bank .the average amount of reserve bal- ances deposited by the firm 2019s bank subsidiaries with various federal reserve banks was approximately $ 1.6 billion in 2008 and 2007 .restrictions imposed by u.s .federal law prohibit jpmorgan chase and certain of its affiliates from borrowing from banking subsidiaries unless the loans are secured in specified amounts .such secured loans to the firm or to other affiliates are generally limited to 10% ( 10 % ) of the banking subsidiary 2019s total capital , as determined by the risk- based capital guidelines ; the aggregate amount of all such loans is limited to 20% ( 20 % ) of the banking subsidiary 2019s total capital .the principal sources of jpmorgan chase 2019s income ( on a parent com- pany 2013only basis ) are dividends and interest from jpmorgan chase bank , n.a. , and the other banking and nonbanking subsidiaries of jpmorgan chase .in addition to dividend restrictions set forth in statutes and regulations , the federal reserve , the occ and the fdic have authority under the financial institutions supervisory act to pro- hibit or to limit the payment of dividends by the banking organizations they supervise , including jpmorgan chase and its subsidiaries that are banks or bank holding companies , if , in the banking regulator 2019s opin- ion , payment of a dividend would constitute an unsafe or unsound practice in light of the financial condition of the banking organization .at january 1 , 2009 and 2008 , jpmorgan chase 2019s banking sub- sidiaries could pay , in the aggregate , $ 17.0 billion and $ 16.2 billion , respectively , in dividends to their respective bank holding companies without the prior approval of their relevant banking regulators .the capacity to pay dividends in 2009 will be supplemented by the bank- ing subsidiaries 2019 earnings during the year .in compliance with rules and regulations established by u.s .and non-u.s .regulators , as of december 31 , 2008 and 2007 , cash in the amount of $ 20.8 billion and $ 16.0 billion , respectively , and securities with a fair value of $ 12.1 billion and $ 3.4 billion , respectively , were segregated in special bank accounts for the benefit of securities and futures brokerage customers. .

Question: how many years are under exam for the firm or it's recent acquired subsidiaries?
Answer: 5