pullmantur during 2013 , we operated four ships with an aggre- gate capacity of approximately 7650 berths under our pullmantur brand , offering cruise itineraries that ranged from four to 12 nights throughout south america , the caribbean and europe .one of these ships , zenith , was redeployed from pullmantur to cdf croisi e8res de france in january 2014 .pullmantur serves the contemporary segment of the spanish , portuguese and latin american cruise markets .pullmantur 2019s strategy is to attract cruise guests from these target markets by providing a variety of cruising options and onboard activities directed at couples and families traveling with children .over the last few years , pullmantur has systematically increased its focus on latin america .in recognition of this , pullmantur recently opened a regional head office in panama to place the operating management closer to its largest and fastest growing market .in order to facilitate pullmantur 2019s ability to focus on its core cruise business , in december 2013 , pullmantur reached an agreement to sell the majority of its inter- est in its land-based tour operations , travel agency and pullmantur air , the closing of which is subject to customary closing conditions .in connection with the agreement , we will retain a 19% ( 19 % ) interest in the non-core businesses .we will retain ownership of the pullmantur aircraft which will be dry leased to pullmantur air .cdf croisi e8res de france in january 2014 , we redeployed zenith from pullmantur to cdf croisi e8res de france .as a result , as of january 2014 , we operate two ships with an aggregate capac- ity of approximately 2750 berths under our cdf croisi e8res de france brand .during the summer of 2014 , cdf croisi e8res de france will operate both ships in europe and , for the first time , the brand will operate in the caribbean during the winter of 2014 .in addition , cdf croisi e8res de france offers seasonal itineraries to the mediterranean .cdf croisi e8res de france is designed to serve the contemporary seg- ment of the french cruise market by providing a brand tailored for french cruise guests .tui cruises tui cruises is designed to serve the contemporary and premium segments of the german cruise market by offering a product tailored for german guests .all onboard activities , services , shore excursions and menu offerings are designed to suit the preferences of this target market .tui cruises operates two ships , mein schiff 1 and mein schiff 2 , with an aggregate capacity of approximately 3800 berths .in addition , tui cruises has two ships on order , each with a capacity of 2500 berths , scheduled for delivery in the second quarter of 2014 and second quarter of 2015 .tui cruises is a joint venture owned 50% ( 50 % ) by us and 50% ( 50 % ) by tui ag , a german tourism and shipping company that also owns 51% ( 51 % ) of tui travel , a british tourism company .industry cruising is considered a well-established vacation sector in the north american market , a growing sec- tor over the long-term in the european market and a developing but promising sector in several other emerging markets .industry data indicates that market penetration rates are still low and that a significant portion of cruise guests carried are first-time cruisers .we believe this presents an opportunity for long-term growth and a potential for increased profitability .the following table details market penetration rates for north america and europe computed based on the number of annual cruise guests as a percentage of the total population : america ( 1 ) europe ( 2 ) .
[['year', 'north america ( 1 )', 'europe ( 2 )'], ['2009', '3.0% ( 3.0 % )', '1.0% ( 1.0 % )'], ['2010', '3.1% ( 3.1 % )', '1.1% ( 1.1 % )'], ['2011', '3.4% ( 3.4 % )', '1.1% ( 1.1 % )'], ['2012', '3.3% ( 3.3 % )', '1.2% ( 1.2 % )'], ['2013', '3.4% ( 3.4 % )', '1.2% ( 1.2 % )']]
( 1 ) source : international monetary fund and cruise line international association based on cruise guests carried for at least two con- secutive nights for years 2009 through 2012 .year 2013 amounts represent our estimates .includes the united states of america and canada .( 2 ) source : international monetary fund and clia europe , formerly european cruise council , for years 2009 through 2012 .year 2013 amounts represent our estimates .we estimate that the global cruise fleet was served by approximately 436000 berths on approximately 269 ships at the end of 2013 .there are approximately 26 ships with an estimated 71000 berths that are expected to be placed in service in the global cruise market between 2014 and 2018 , although it is also possible that ships could be ordered or taken out of service during these periods .we estimate that the global cruise industry carried 21.3 million cruise guests in 2013 compared to 20.9 million cruise guests carried in 2012 and 20.2 million cruise guests carried in 2011 .part i .

Question: by what percentage did the global cruise guests increase from 2011 to 2012 and from 2012 to 2013?
Answer: 1.91% and 3.46% , respectively