table of contents notes to consolidated financial statements ( continued ) note 5 2014income taxes ( continued ) fin 48 in the first quarter of 2008 , the company adopted fin 48 .upon adoption of fin 48 , the company 2019s cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle resulted in an increase to retained earnings of $ 11 million .the company had historically classified interest and penalties and unrecognized tax benefits as current liabilities .beginning with the adoption of fin 48 , the company classifies gross interest and penalties and unrecognized tax benefits that are not expected to result in payment or receipt of cash within one year as non-current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet .the total amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits as of the date of adoption of fin 48 was $ 475 million , of which $ 209 million , if recognized , would affect the company 2019s effective tax rate .as of september 27 , 2008 , the total amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits was $ 506 million , of which $ 253 million , if recognized , would affect the company 2019s effective tax rate .the company 2019s total gross unrecognized tax benefits are classified as non-current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet .the aggregate changes in the balance of gross unrecognized tax benefits , which excludes interest and penalties , for the fiscal year ended september 27 , 2008 , is as follows ( in millions ) : the company 2019s policy to include interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits within the provision for income taxes did not change as a result of adopting fin 48 .as of the date of adoption , the company had accrued $ 203 million for the gross interest and penalties relating to unrecognized tax benefits .as of september 27 , 2008 , the total amount of gross interest and penalties accrued was $ 219 million , which is classified as non-current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet .in 2008 , the company recognized interest expense in connection with tax matters of $ 16 million .the company is subject to taxation and files income tax returns in the u.s .federal jurisdiction and in many state and foreign jurisdictions .for u.s .federal income tax purposes , all years prior to 2002 are closed .the years 2002-2003 have been examined by the internal revenue service ( the 201cirs 201d ) and disputed issues have been taken to administrative appeals .the irs is currently examining the 2004-2006 years .in addition , the company is also subject to audits by state , local , and foreign tax authorities .in major states and major foreign jurisdictions , the years subsequent to 1988 and 2000 , respectively , generally remain open and could be subject to examination by the taxing authorities .management believes that an adequate provision has been made for any adjustments that may result from tax examinations .however , the outcome of tax audits cannot be predicted with certainty .if any issues addressed in the company 2019s tax audits are resolved in a manner not consistent with management 2019s expectations , the company could be required to adjust its provision for income tax in the period such resolution occurs .although timing of the resolution and/or closure of audits is highly uncertain , the company does not believe it is reasonably possible that its unrecognized tax benefits would materially change in the next 12 months. .
[['balance as of september 30 2007', '$ 475'], ['increases related to tax positions taken during a prior period', '27'], ['decreases related to tax positions taken during a prior period', '-70 ( 70 )'], ['increases related to tax positions taken during the current period', '85'], ['decreases related to settlements with taxing authorities', '2014'], ['decreases related to expiration of statute of limitations', '-11 ( 11 )'], ['balance as of september 27 2008', '$ 506']]
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Question: what is the net of increases related to tax positions taken during a prior period and decreases related to tax positions taken during a prior period , in millions?
Answer: -43