2022 the failure of our information systems to function as intended or their penetration by outside parties with the intent to corrupt them or our failure to comply with privacy laws and regulations could result in business disruption , litigation and regulatory action , and loss of revenue , assets or personal or other confidential data .we use information systems to help manage business processes , collect and interpret business data and communicate internally and externally with employees , suppliers , customers and others .some of these information systems are managed by third-party service providers .we have backup systems and business continuity plans in place , and we take care to protect our systems and data from unauthorized access .nevertheless , failure of our systems to function as intended , or penetration of our systems by outside parties intent on extracting or corrupting information or otherwise disrupting business processes , could place us at a competitive disadvantage , result in a loss of revenue , assets or personal or other sensitive data , litigation and regulatory action , cause damage to our reputation and that of our brands and result in significant remediation and other costs .failure to protect personal data and respect the rights of data subjects could subject us to substantial fines under regulations such as the eu general data protection regulation .2022 we may be required to replace third-party contract manufacturers or service providers with our own resources .in certain instances , we contract with third parties to manufacture some of our products or product parts or to provide other services .we may be unable to renew these agreements on satisfactory terms for numerous reasons , including government regulations .accordingly , our costs may increase significantly if we must replace such third parties with our own resources .item 1b .unresolved staff comments .item 2 .properties .at december 31 , 2017 , we operated and owned 46 manufacturing facilities and maintained contract manufacturing relationships with 25 third-party manufacturers across 23 markets .in addition , we work with 38 third-party operators in indonesia who manufacture our hand-rolled cigarettes .pmi-owned manufacturing facilities eema asia america canada total .
[['', 'eu ( 1 )', 'eema', 'asia', 'latinamerica&canada', 'total'], ['fully integrated', '7', '8', '9', '7', '31'], ['make-pack', '3', '2014', '1', '2', '6'], ['other', '3', '1', '3', '2', '9'], ['total', '13', '9', '13', '11', '46']]
( 1 ) includes facilities that produced heated tobacco units in 2017 .in 2017 , 23 of our facilities each manufactured over 10 billion cigarettes , of which eight facilities each produced over 30 billion units .our largest factories are in karawang and sukorejo ( indonesia ) , izmir ( turkey ) , krakow ( poland ) , st .petersburg and krasnodar ( russia ) , batangas and marikina ( philippines ) , berlin ( germany ) , kharkiv ( ukraine ) , and kutna hora ( czech republic ) .our smallest factories are mostly in latin america and asia , where due to tariff and other constraints we have established small manufacturing units in individual markets .we will continue to optimize our manufacturing base , taking into consideration the evolution of trade blocks .the plants and properties owned or leased and operated by our subsidiaries are maintained in good condition and are believed to be suitable and adequate for our present needs .we are integrating the production of heated tobacco units into a number of our existing manufacturing facilities and progressing with our plans to build manufacturing capacity for our other rrp platforms. .

Question: what percentage of pmi-owned manufacturing facilities eema asia america canada are in asia?
Answer: 28%