ffentlichkeit"可以翻译成“公共性”，而社会层面上的"Oeffentlichkeit"则应当翻译为“公共领域”。
批判.自出版伊始，《公共领域的结构转型》一书中的“公共领域”概念就遭到了女权主义者和后殖民主义者等后现代主义的批评。哈氏认为，"stood or fell with the principle of universal access. A public sphere from which groups were ipso excluded was less