HDTenEightyP/NetNews huggingface dataset:
From: Timothy.Allen@dartmouth.edu (Timothy Allen)
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology,sci.geo.meteorology,comp.infosystems.gis
Subject: Image Processing Software
Date: 14 Apr 92 12:59:04 GMT
Reply-To: tim.allen@dartmouth.edu
Organization: Dept. of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH

I am interested in learning about what Image Processing software
packages people are using for the analysis of multi-band data sets,
such as Landsat Imagery.  What are the major software packages in use? 
What are the capabilities of each package -- e.g. rectification,
classification, PC and IHS transformations, filtering, contrast
enhancement, overlays?  Is the software specifically designed for
remote-sensing images, medical images, or more generally for any kind
of multi-band images?  What are the hardware requirements? Any special
requirements for display systems?

I am particularly interested in any software for Macintosh platforms,
but would like to hear about packages that people are using on PCs and
UNIX workstations as well.  I am familiar with Terra-Mar's "MicroImage"
software, and have heard of "ERDAS" but know nothing about it.  I am
also familiar with some single-band image processing software such as
the excellent public-domain "NIH Image" program for the Macintosh.

I'll be glad to post a summary of the responses I receive.

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Tim Allen                                       
tim.allen@dartmouth.edu
Earth Science Department
Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755
From: john@granada.mit.edu (John Olson)
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
Subject: Contacting the Geological Society of Canada
Keywords: Help, question
Date: 8 Apr 92 19:50:57 GMT
Article-I.D.: athena.1992Apr8.195057.22415
Organization: Massachvsetts Institvte of Technology

I have an associate here who is trying to find an old paper
from the Geological Society of Canada:

Proc. Conf. Res. in Tectonics, Ottawa, March 1968
Geol. Soc. Canada, GSC Paper 68-52

Can anyone tell me how we can track down this paper?
It occurs to me that we may need to contact the Society
directly--does anyone have an address, phone number,
or Email address?

Please email replies, as I don't subscribe to this group.
Thank you.

John Olson (john@segovia.mit.edu)
From: chidsey@smoke.brl.mil (Irving Chidsey)
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
Subject: East Coast Quakes, was Re: New Madrid Fault
Date: 15 Apr 92 12:32:00 GMT
Distribution: na
Organization: U.S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory, APG, MD.

In article <1992Apr14.110321.25305@news.Hawaii.Edu> joe@montebello.soest.hawaii.edu writes:
<
<What's the current best guess for why places like Charleston, New York, and
<Boston get quakes?
<
<___/    \/    \/Joe Dellinger, Internet: joe@montebello.soest.hawaii.edu\/\.-.__

	New England quakes used to be blamed on 'post glacial rebound',
but that seems a little 'far fetched' for Charleston.  What's the latest
guess, theory, hypothesis?

								Irv

-- 
I do not have signature authority.  I am not authorized to sign anything.
I am not authorized to commit the BRL, the DA, the DOD, or the US Government
to anything, not even by implication.  They do not tell me what their policy 
is.  They may not have one.		Irving L. Chidsey  <chidsey@brl.mil>
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
Subject: Looking for geological data
From: Debbie Sideratos <G22BC@CUNYVM.BITNET>
Date: Saturday, 11 Apr 1992 02:37:32 EST
Organization: City University of New York/ University Computer Center

Hi guys (: Im not super experienced at this sort of thing (I mean netnews
or geology), but i guess it's ok.  Basically, what i need to know is
if there are any libraries available via FTP or Telnet with any sort
of geological data.  I am trying to write a paper but it seems that the
only places that i can connect to are Card Catalogs! ):  If anyone out
there knows where i can link to get some info, I would more than
appreciate it.  Thank you very much in advance, Debbie Sideratos
Organization: The Undead
X-Subliminal-Message: Memory is Divine Punishment
Date: Monday, 6 Apr 1992 15:43:37 EDT
From: Robert Edward Hart <REH113@psuvm.psu.edu>
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
Subject: earthquake data

Recently, someone posted a site to which you could finger, and obtain
information on the most recent earthquakes.  I have missplaced the paper I
wrote the location....does anyone still have the site?  Could you either
post it again, or email it to me.....thanks.

Bob Hart
reh113@psuvm.psu.edu
rhart@wilbur.psu.edu
rhart@snafu.psu.edu
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
From: dsc@gemini.tmc.edu (Doug S. Caprette Bldg. 28 W191 x3892)
Subject: Local motions at Ft Davis
Organization: NASA GSFC CDP VLBI
Distribution: na
Date: Thu, 16 Apr 1992 17:31:08 GMT

In article <70414@ut-emx.uucp> ben@ut-emx.uucp (Ben Sloan) writes:
>...
>from Ft. Davis.  There appear to be some serious "local" effects in 
>operation at that site...  I'm not sure, but I think the problem will be 
>addressed soon and discussed in the literature.
>
>
Ben, Could you send us a 'real' email address?  We can't reply to an UUCP
connection, but are interested in hearing more about what you know of the
situation at Ft Davis, and we can provide some information as well.
References are also welcome.

As they say on the net, thanks in advance.
dsc@gemini.gsfc.nasa.gov
--
 |  Regards,         |   Hughes STX                |    Code 926.9 GSFC        |
 |  Doug Caprette    |   Lanham, Maryland          |    Greenbelt, MD  20771   |
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"There's a little truth in all jive, and a little jive in all truth."
                                  -- Leonard Q. Barnes
From: alanj@cc.usu.edu
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
Subject: Re: BALL LIGHTNING
Date: 16 Apr 92 14:19:38 MDT
Organization: Utah State University

In article <1992Apr16.165637.26333@ecst.csuchico.edu>, jalosi@OAVAX.CSUCHICO.EDU (JEANETTE ALOSI) writes:
> Does anyone have any information about ball lightning?  A newspaper article
> said it is believed to be caused by earthquakes. Ball lightning is seen after
> earthquakes and is thought to be the source of UFO's sightings. 
> 


I saw the article too.  I thought that it sounded like something out of the
National Enquirer.  The way I understood their claim was that the friction
from the movement on the fault releases static balls.  They were compared to
lightening coming from the earth.  The part that threw me was that they
supposedly happen for several years after the earthquake.
From: RPT378@MAINE.MAINE.EDU
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
Subject: fossils in rock
Date: 6 Apr 92 13:35:58 GMT
Article-I.D.: MAINE.92097.093558RPT378
Organization: University of Maine System

Does anyone know where I might get an opinion on a fossil-bearing rock
(bivalves +?) that was found here locally (Maine)?  I have taken pictures
of the rock and would be happy to send them to someone who could tell me
something about the rock.  Thanks much for your assistance!  L. Zibilske
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
From: jalosi@OAVAX.CSUCHICO.EDU (JEANETTE ALOSI)
Subject: BALL LIGHTNING
Reply-To: jalosi@OAVAX.CSUCHICO.EDU
Organization: California State University, Chico
Date: Thu, 16 Apr 1992 16:56:37 GMT

Does anyone have any information about ball lightning?  A newspaper article
said it is believed to be caused by earthquakes. Ball lightning is seen after
earthquakes and is thought to be the source of UFO's sightings. 

Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology,ca.earthquakes
From: johnl@amiganet.chi.il.us (John Liskey)
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
Subject: Fossil Collecting
Date: 12 Apr 92 18:53:09 GMT
Organization: Amiga Network Information Systems

For some reason my account got wiped here on Amiganet, so my new address is:

johnl@amiganet.chi.il.us

for those of you wanting info on fossil collecting in your area.

Sorry for the trouble.

P.S. - John Ranta, I need a working address for you again. Sorry.
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
From: rfriedel@csd4.csd.uwm.edu (Ronald J Friedel)
Subject: Rhineland Earthquake
Originator: rfriedel@csd4.csd.uwm.edu
Organization: Computing Services Division, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee
Date: Tue, 14 Apr 1992 13:39:47 GMT

 
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR                                     NO. 2-105
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY                                              APRIL 14, 1992
NEIC QUICK EPICENTER DETERMINATIONS


UTC TIME    LAT     LONG    DEP GS MAGS  SD STA  REGION AND COMMENTS 
HRMNSEC                         MB  Msz     USED 
 
April 13 
011959.8  51.219N   5.927E  10G 5.4 5.1 0.9  62 THE NETHERLANDS. 

One person died of a heart attack in Bonn, Germany. Twenty-five people were
injured in Heinsberg, Germany and twenty people were injured in Roermond,
Netherlands. Damage reported in Koln, Germany and Limburg Province,
Belgium. Felt strongly in many parts of northwestern Germany, eastern
-- 
Ron Friedel
GeoSciences  UW-Milwaukee
rfriedel@csd4.csd.uwm.edu
From: chidsey@smoke.brl.mil (Irving Chidsey)
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
Subject: Re: Mid-Oceanic Ridge Metamorphism
Date: 13 Apr 92 19:59:32 GMT
Organization: U.S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory, APG, MD.

In article -- removed to protect the guilty!
<Anyone  have any info on an earthquake in Europe today?
<
<I heard it was the strongest in 200 years.
<
	No, but if the epicenter was near the mid ocean ridge it must have
been a doozer in the vicinity of the epicenter.

								Irv

P.S. note the subject, which I didn't change either.  8-)


-- 
I do not have signature authority.  I am not authorized to sign anything.
I am not authorized to commit the BRL, the DA, the DOD, or the US Government
to anything, not even by implication.  They do not tell me what their policy 
is.  They may not have one.		Irving L. Chidsey  <chidsey@brl.mil>
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
From: martin@space.ualberta.ca (Martin Connors)
Subject: Re: Moon's of Saturn
Reply-To: martin@space.ualberta.ca (Martin Connors)
Organization: University Of Alberta, Edmonton Canada
Date: Wed, 8 Apr 1992 18:08:54 GMT

In article <1992Apr2.111433.21420@mailer.cc.fsu.edu> cain@geomag.gly.fsu.edu  
(Joe Cain) writes:
> I note that the 25 September 1990 EOS (well, I don't keep completely
> up to date!) announced the discovery of an 18th moon of Saturn,
> temporarily named 1981 S13. Can someone give me a reference noting the
> specifics of this body, its orbit, and official name please?
> 
> Joseph Cain		cain@geomag.gly.fsu.edu
> cain@fsu.bitnet		scri::cain
Check out
 "Visual Detection of 1981S13, Saturn's eighteenth satellite, and its role in  
the Encke gap",  by Mark Showalter, from Nature of 27 June 1991,
for information on this very interesting satellite and the means of its  
discovery. It also gives Voyager image numbers, which I have inspected on my  
CDROM set - you have to do a bit of adjustment on the image histograms to see  
the little satellite but it is definitely there.
Martin Connors
Space Research
University of Alberta
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
From: joe@montebello.NoSubdomain.NoDomain (Joe Dellinger)
Subject: Re: New Madrid Fault
Reply-To: joe@montebello.soest.hawaii.edu
Organization: School of Ocean and Earth Science Technology
Distribution: na
Date: Tue, 14 Apr 1992 11:03:21 GMT

Pre-emptive flame repellant.

|> and caused damage in places as far away as Philidelphia, etc.
                                                  ^ (oops)

|> range in the states bordering Nevada, several hot spots on the East Coast,
                                                 ^^^^^^^^^
	I don't mean "hot spots" in the technical sense, you understand!

What's the current best guess for why places like Charleston, New York, and
Boston get quakes?

     /\    /\    /\/\/\/\/\/\/\.-.-.-.-.......___________
    /  \  /  \  /Hawaii Institute of Geophysics, Honolulu\/\/\.-.-....__
___/    \/    \/Joe Dellinger, Internet: joe@montebello.soest.hawaii.edu\/\.-.__
From: eburke@phakt.usc.edu (McCaffrey's "Lackey")
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
Subject: Re: Mid-Oceanic Ridge Metamorphism
Date: 13 Apr 1992 13:13:27 -0700
Organization: University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
NNTP-Posting-Host: phakt.usc.edu

Hi, it's the undergraduate at USC again.  I just thought I'd say a general
thank you to those of you who have posted some ideas and I haven't written
back to yet.  I will post a summary as soon as a friend of mine can teach 
me how.  I also thought that it was interesting that *Mid-Oceanic Ridge
Metamorphism* became talk about the earthquake in Europe.  

BTW, when did the news about the earthquake hit the press?  I must have been 
in the computer room. 

Anyway, thanks again all!  I'm still looking for more input but people have
been so helpful so far I had to say thanks (again). :-)

Liz Burke
eburke@phakt.usc.edu

Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
From: pierre@chaos.phys.ualberta.ca (Pierre Rouleau)
Subject: Re: BALL LIGHTNING
Keywords: Quake predictions, lights, sonoluminescence
Organization: University Of Alberta, Edmonton Canada
Date: Fri, 17 Apr 1992 01:08:02 GMT

In sci.geo.geology article <1992Apr16.165637.26333@
ecst.csuchico.edu> you wrote:

> Does anyone have any information about ball lightning?  
> A newspaper article said it is believed to be caused by 
> earthquakes. Ball lightning is seen after  earthquakes and 
> is thought to be the source of UFO's sightings.

I read that article too, but it says little of the physics
of the process. For a serious account of earthquake lights
refer to:

Nature, vol 354, p361, 1991 where Arch Johnston
of Memphis State U describes the phenomenon of
"Sonoluminescence" observed when sound waves
propagate in liquids.


Pierre R.  



Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
From: stgprao@xing.unocal.com (Richard Ottolini)
Subject: Re: Mid-Oceanic Ridge Metamorphism
Originator: stgprao@xing
Organization: Unocal Corporation, Anaheim, California
Date: Mon, 13 Apr 1992 16:05:07 GMT

>>I am an undergraduate Biology and Geology major here at USC, and am 
>>currently taking Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology.  In our class, we 
>>have to do a term paper GSA Bull. style on some subject in petrology be
>>it igneous or metamorphic.  I am trying to find things on MOR metamorphism,
>>but it is really hard to do in our library system, because it isn't designed
>>to look for topics that may be in periodicals, neither is it user friendly.
>>If you have any ideas where I could look, please e-mail to:

It is that time of year again, term paper by usenet :-)

(1) Ask you professor or grad student TA for the *names* of one or two
prominent researchers in the topic and look up their publications.
(2) Look for the first article on a topic, propagate backwards via cited
references and forwards via the Science Citation index.

The geosciences are mostly driven by journal publications.  Material doesn't get
distilled into monographs or textbooks that often.
The market for geoscience publications is small, so there isn't a financial
incentive to write upper level textbooks.
From: joe@montebello.NoSubdomain.NoDomain (Joe Dellinger)
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
Subject: Re: New Madrid Fault
Date: 14 Apr 92 10:43:36 GMT
Reply-To: joe@montebello.soest.hawaii.edu
Distribution: na
Organization: School of Ocean and Earth Science Technology

In article <pfritsch.703195539@skid.ps.uci.edu>, pfritsch@skid.ps.uci.edu (Paul Fritschle) writes:
|> Is this the reason for the quakes in the middle of North America? I've
|> not seen this brought forward as a cause before this.

	There is some sort of rift under the Mississippi valley, yes, and
it can occasionally make BIG quakes. The 1811-1812 New Madrid (pronounced
to rhyme with "mad", not like the Spanish capital) quakes caused tremendous
local upheaval, were felt all the way up into Canada, caused bells to ring
and caused damage in places as far away as Philidelphia, etc.

	Satellite ranging indicates that Texas and Massachussets are currently
moving apart, too, on the order of millimeters per year (?) so the rifting
evidently continues as we speak. The midwest does NOT take quakes as seriously
as they should. If and when there is another big quake in that area several
states will be _absolutely devastated_.

	There are other parts of the country at risk as well: the basin and
range in the states bordering Nevada, several hot spots on the East Coast,
states in the Rockies, parts or all of Hawaii (depending on whom you ask),
most of Alaska.

	Evidence is mounting that the Pacific Northwest gets rare MONSTER
quakes; if one of those happened coastal cities in the region might become
latter-day Atlantises. (Not to mention what would happen to Seattle if Mount
Rainier were to aim a blast in the right direction, or Portland if Mt. Hood
were to really blow.)

	And of course don't forget the state I'm in now (Hawaii), home of
the largest landslides in the world. There is now strong evidence that about
every 50 to 100 thousand years, a HUGE HUNK of the leading island in the chain
(the Big Island now) catastrophically slides off into the deep, probably
reaching velocities of 100's of miles per hour. Everyone around the edge of
the Pacific would "enjoy" the resulting mega-Tsunamis --- but LOCALLY the scale
would be truly awesome, a wave reaching several hundreds of feet in height. The
best guess is that if one of those were to happen today most of the population
of the state would die (they're still trying to figure out how the wave would
refract around the various islands; Honolulu might get lucky if it faced the
right direction).

	Barring some bad luck, we've got plenty of time to get more prepared
for all these things. Support your local geophysicist :-)

	Don't know what caused the recent quake in Europe, but I'd guess maybe
the Rhinegraben decided to kick up a bit?

     /\    /\    /\/\/\/\/\/\/\.-.-.-.-.......___________
    /  \  /  \  /Hawaii Institute of Geophysics, Honolulu\/\/\.-.-....__
___/    \/    \/Joe Dellinger, Internet: joe@montebello.soest.hawaii.edu\/\.-.__
From: jdonovan@perry.berkeley.edu (John Donovan)
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
Subject: Sulfide Compositional Database
Date: 14 Apr 1992 22:44:25 GMT
Organization: UC Berkeley
Distribution: world
NNTP-Posting-Host: perry.berkeley.edu
Originator: jdonovan@perry.berkeley.edu

I'm looking for a database of sulfide minerals, but I need the data in
weight percent or weight fraction (I don't really want to have to parse
mineral formulas).

Does anyone out there know of a source for say the 200-300 most common
sulfide minerals that can be transferred to PC compatible media?

I guess atomic percent composition would be OK too, if weight percent
is not available. Please let me know by posting or e-mail. Thanks.
-- 
| JOHN J. DONOVAN                   Electron Beam Micro-Analytical Laboratory |
| DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY                       *** PROBE THE EARTH ***         |
| UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA          Phone :  (510) 642-5459 or (510) 642-3996 |
| BERKELEY, CA, 94720               Internet :   jdonovan@garnet.berkeley.edu |
From: ben@ut-emx.uucp (Ben Sloan)
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
Subject: Re: Missisippi rift valley?
Summary: Careful with Ft. Davis VLBI data
Date: 16 Apr 92 15:47:54 GMT
Distribution: na
Organization: The University of Texas at Austin; Austin, Texas

dsc@gemini.tmc.edu (Doug S. Caprette Bldg. 28 W191 x3892) writes:
>Are you sure about this?   VLBI between Westford Mass. and Ft. Davis in Texas
>has indicated a decrease in baseline length (about 1-2 mm/yr) averaged over
>the last 10 years or so.  (NASA TM 104552, Crustal Dynamics Project, Data
>Analysis--1990, VLBI Geodetic Results 1979 - 1990.) The results have been
>eratic enough on a shorter time scale that very local changes have been
>suspected at/near Ft. Davis.

You didn't hear it from here, but I'd be very suspicious of any of the data
from Ft. Davis.  There appear to be some serious "local" effects in 
operation at that site...  I'm not sure, but I think the problem will be 
addressed soon and discussed in the literature.

Ben Sloan




Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
From: dsc@gemini.tmc.edu (Doug S. Caprette Bldg. 28 W191 x3892)
Subject: Missisippi rift valley?
Summary: Is it coming or going?
Organization: NASA GSFC CDP VLBI
Distribution: na
Date: Tue, 14 Apr 1992 18:42:18 GMT

>
>	Satellite ranging indicates that Texas and Massachussets are currently
>moving apart, too, on the order of millimeters per year (?) so the rifting
>evidently continues as we speak. The midwest does NOT take quakes as seriously
>as they should. If and when there is another big quake in that area several
>states will be _absolutely devastated_.
>
Are you sure about this?   VLBI between Westford Mass. and Ft. Davis in Texas
has indicated a decrease in baseline length (about 1-2 mm/yr) averaged over 
the last 10 years or so.  (NASA TM 104552, Crustal Dynamics Project, Data 
Analysis--1990, VLBI Geodetic Results 1979 - 1990.) The results have been 
eratic enough on a shorter time scale that very local changes have been 
suspected at/near Ft. Davis.  However, as the HRAS antenna was destroyed
before the new VLBA antenna came on line, the issue will probably never be
solved.
>
>	And of course don't forget the state I'm in now (Hawaii), home of
>the largest landslides in the world. There is now strong evidence that about
>every 50 to 100 thousand years, a HUGE HUNK of the leading island in the chain
>(the Big Island now) catastrophically slides off into the deep, probably
>reaching velocities of 100's of miles per hour. Everyone around the edge of
>the Pacific would "enjoy" the resulting mega-Tsunamis --- but LOCALLY the scale
>would be truly awesome, a wave reaching several hundreds of feet in height. The
>best guess is that if one of those were to happen today most of the population
>of the state would die (they're still trying to figure out how the wave would
>refract around the various islands; Honolulu might get lucky if it faced the
>right direction).
>
Sounds exciting.

Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
From: price@helios.unl.edu (Chad  Price)
Subject: Re: Geology of Yellowstone
Organization: University of Nebraska - Lincoln
Date: 13 Apr 92 18:56:59 GMT

okunewck@psuvax1.cs.psu.edu (Phil OKunewick) writes:



>   You might also contact the USGS in Wyoming (or whatever state you
>may visit) and see what they have.  The USGS publications in PA are
>inexpensive (often free) and contain a lot of helpful information.
>Catalogs are available from USGS.


USGS has little presence in Wyoming, like about a 2 person office in Laramie
associated with the Wyo Geo Survey (sharing office space). Try the Wyo
Geological Survey in Laramie or the USGS Publications Sales in the Denver (CO)
Federal Center. 

chad
price@helios.unl.edu
From: zzz@erg.sri.com (Michael J. Konopik)
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
Subject: Re: New Madrid Fault
Date: 14 Apr 92 23:45:29 GMT
Distribution: na
Organization: SRI International, Menlo Park, CA

In article <1992Apr14.110321.25305@news.Hawaii.Edu> joe@montebello.soest.hawaii.edu writes:
>What's the current best guess for why places like Charleston, New York, and
>Boston get quakes?

I'm not an expert, but I'll hazard a guess based on recent articles I've read:
The Appalachians were once volcanically active, and the land east of them is
a passive margin for the spreading center in the Atlantic.  Aren't both of
those kinds of structures prone to some low-intensity residual activity?

				   -Mike
From: sgolson@pyrite.East.Sun.COM (Steve Golson)
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
Subject: Re: Geology of Yellowstone
Date: 11 Apr 92 17:26:35 GMT
Reply-To: sgolson@trilobyte.com (Steve Golson)
Organization: Trilobyte Systems, Carlisle MA
NNTP-Posting-Host: pyrite.east.sun.com

In article <1992Apr10.200124.14379@aio.jsc.nasa.gov> seaborn@aio.jsc.nasa.gov writes:
>Does anyone know of a good book describing the geology and natural
>history of Yellowstone Natl. Park?

_Roadside Geology of The Yellowstone Country_ by William J. Fritz, $9.95
_Roadside History of Yellowstone Park_ by Winfred Blevins, $7.95

Both are published by Mountain Press Pubishing in Missoula, Montana. Their
toll-free order number is 800/234-5308.

I have several of the books in The Roadside Geology Series. I haven't seen
the Yellowstone one, but I bet it is just what you need.

Steve Golson -- Trilobyte Systems -- Carlisle MA -- sgolson@trilobyte.com
"As the people here grow colder, I turn to my computer..." -- Kate Bush