From: Guven.Guzeldere%STANFORD.BitNet@pucc.PRINCETON.EDU (hq.ggg)
Newsgroups: soc.culture.turkish
Subject: TRH News--Part 3
Date: 12 Dec 1992 01:21:00 -0600
Organization: UTexas Mail-to-News Gateway
Reply-To: Turkish Cultural Program List <TRKNWS-L%USCVM.BitNet@pucc.PRINCETON.EDU>
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    UZBEK OPPOSITION LEADERS ARRESTED FOR ATTENDING HUMAN
RIGHTS CONFERENCE
    TASHKENT (DEC. 9) - Leaders of the Former Soviet
Republic of Uzbekistan's main opposition movement, Birlik,
have been arrested by the Uzbek KGB while attending a human
rights conference in neighbouring Kyrgyzstan, the opposition
said on Wednesday.
    The leaders, who were arrested on Monday in Bishkek,
capital of Kyrgyzstan, have been brought back to Tashkent,
the capital of Uzbekistan, but their whereabouts are still
unknown, it said.
    A spokesman for Uzbekistan's foreign ministry denied any
knowledge of the arrests.
    Birlik spokesman Abdurashid Sharipov said Birlik members
had been threatened with arrest by the Uzbek authorities
before leaving for the conference last week.
    According to Sharipov, one of the Birlik leaders,
Shuhrat Ismatulaev, was stopped December 4 while driving to
Bishkek. He was released with no charges being laid after
being held for three days.

    UZBEKISTAN POLICE ARREST HUMAN RIGHTS ACTIVIST
    BISHKEK (DEC. 10) - UZBEK, KAZAKH, TURKMEN AND KYRGYZ
HUMAN RIGHTS ACTIVISTS PROTESTED AT THE PARLIAMENTARY
BUILDING OF THE KYRGYZ PARLIAMENT ON THE INTERNATIONAL HUMAN
RIGHTS DAY AGAINST WHAT THEY SAID WAS AN ARREST BY UZBEK
POLICE OF THE LEADER OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE "HUMAN
RIGHTS AND FATES OF NATIONS".
    ADUMANNAB PULATOV, THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF THE
CONFERENCE "WAS FORCEFULLY SEIZED IN THE CENTRE OF THE
KYRGYZ CAPITAL BY UZBEK INTERIOR OFFICERS. HE CARRIED WITH
HIM A BIG SUM OF MONEY IN ROUBLES AND HARD CURRENCY WHICH
COMPRISED THE WHOLE FUND OF THE CONFERENCE", THEY SAID AT A
PRESS CONFERENCE ON THURSDAY.
    TWO OF HIS COLLEAGUES WERE ALSO FORCED INTO A CAR
WITHOUT NUMBER PLATES, ACCORDING TO THE HUMAN RIGHTS
ACTIVISTS. ALL THE THREE WERE ARRESTED BY UZBEK POLICE, THEY
INSIST.
    ASKAR AKAYEV, THE PRESIDENT OF KYRGYZSTAN, AND KYRGYZ
PARLIAMENT SPEAKER MEDETKAN SHERIMKULOV EXPRESSED THEIR
DISCONTENT WITH THE ACTIONS OF UZBEK POLICE AFTER THEY WERE
INFORMED ABOUT THE INCIDENT, THE PRESS CONFERENCE WAS TOLD.
    THE TURKMEN AND UZBEK DELEGATES OF THE CONFERENCE ARE
STAYING IN BISHKEK FEARING A POSSIBLE ARREST AT HOME AS
THEIR GOVERNMENTS ARE AGAINST THE LOCAL HUMAN RIGHTS
ORGANISATIONS.
    KYRGYZ DEMOCRATIC LAWMAKERS ARE EXPECTED TO REQUEST THE
GOVERNMENT TO EXPLAIN WHY POLICE BODIES OF ANOTHER STATE ARE
ACTING ON THE TERRITORY OF KYRGYZSTAN.

       WASHINGTON (AP) -- With the situation in Yugoslavia
deteriorating daily, the Bush administration is looking for
ways to step up pressure on Serb forces who have besieged
the Bosnian capital of Sarajevo.
   Government sources said the administration is
reconsidering its policy of non-involvement, specifically
looking anew at the possibility of using air power to
enforce a "no-fly zone" over Bosnia or of lifting an arms
embargo to allow Bosnia to acquire weapons to defend itself.
   On Oct. 9, the U.N. Security Council ordered a halt to
military flights over Bosnia, but no action has been taken
to enforce the ban and Serb flights have continued.
   The administration also is grappling with how it can
support Serb opponents of hard-line president Slobodan
Milosevic. Presidential elections are scheduled for Dec. 20,
and Milosevic is being challenged by a moderate, federal
Premier Milan Panic. Some U.S. officials believe Milosevic
may try to rig the elections.
   The continuing siege of Sarajevo that has jeopardized
international aid shipments on which the population depends
has persuaded some in the administration and on Capitol Hill
that the current policy is a failure.
   There has been heavy fighting around the city in recent
days. Five people in a bread line were killed when a
missile, apparently fired from a Serb position in the nearby
hills, struck the place where they were standing.
   "It is hard to get a united view right now" within the
administration, said one senior government official, who
spoke only on the condition of anonymity. "There's a debate
going on. There are divisions."
   State Department spokesman Richard Boucher, asked about
the situation at Wednesday's briefing, acknowledged that
options are under study.
   "We are, of course, looking at all possible options" to
turn up pressure on Serb forces, Boucher said.
   Addressing the no-fly zone, Boucher, added, "We're in
consultation with our allies, with the United Nations ...
considering further steps to make the ban effective."
   But one Republican congressional source said the
administration is restrained in taking a more activist
stance on Yugoslavia because it is just six weeks from
turning over power to President-elect Clinton and does not
want to commit the new administration to what could be a
long-term involvement.
   The decision to move 28,000 troops into Somalia to secure
humanitarian aid routes and feeding centers also makes U.S.
officials reluctant to extend further commitments, the
source said.
   Secretary of State Lawrence Eagleburger is leaving
Saturday for Europe, where he will attend three high-level
meetings at which the Yugoslav situation is on the agenda.
He will meet in Stockholm with the Conference on Security
and Cooperation in Europe, in Geneva with an international
group dealing with Yugoslavia, and with NATO allies in
Brussels, Belgium.
   Among some NATO members, sentiment is growing for
military intervention to keep ethnic fighting from
spreading, diplomats said Wednesday.
   Dutch Foreign Minister Hans van den Broek warned earlier
this week that "some form of military intervention will
become inescapable." He said that "the price of hesitancy
gets higher by the week."
   The assistant secretary of state for Europe, Thomas
Niles, already is in Europe for meetings on Yugoslavia,
among other topics.
   There have been increasing pressures on the
administration to do more in the disintegrated Yugoslavia,
where at least 17,000 have been killed since Bosnia declared
its independence 10 months ago.

12/11 U.N. PEACE-KEEPERS WARY OF BOSNIAN SERB REPRISALS

    By Kurt Schork
    SARAJEVO, Dec 11, Reuter - Fear of reprisals prevents
U.N. peace-keepers from publicly blaming Bosnian Serb forces
for attacks on Sarajevo, British officers with the United
Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) said on Friday.
    "We don't want Serb troops shooting down relief flights
or sniping at our soldiers...we do everything we can to
avoid alienating them," said one of the officers, who asked
not to be named.
    Several of the 19 United Nations personnel killed in
Croatia and Bosnia have died in the Bosnian capital.
    While the Serbs besieging Sarajevo have not been
responsible for all UNPROFOR casualties, they are the most
potent military force in Bosnia and the one most feared by
U.N. soldiers.
    A tank shell hit UNPROFOR headquarters in Sarajevo on
Tuesday, wounding the secretary to Egyptian General Adnan
Abdel-Razek, commander of U.N. troops in the city.
    A U.N. officer denounced the attack as a "cowardly act,"
but would not blame the Serbs even though Bosnian forces
defending the city do not have tanks.
    General Abdel-Razek recently admitted U.N. efforts to
broker a ceasefire in the brutal eight-month civil war were
in tatters.
    "There is no ceasefire...we are not making any progress,
this situation is deteriorating," he said in words later
disowned by his superiors.
    But the general refused to go on the record blaming the
Serbian side for the situation around Sarajevo.
    "You know who is to blame," was as far as he would go.
    Serb forces have taken control of 70 per cent of Bosnia
in a war which has killed 18,000 people and injured 137,000,
mostly civilians.
    Britain warned its NATO allies on Thursday against
taking military action in Bosnia and expressed concern that
British and other troops escorting relief convoys in the
republic could be attacked as a result.
    About 7,500 peace-keeping troops, mostly from Europe and
Canada, have been deployed in Bosnia.
    Countries with troops on the ground -- Britain, France
and Canada in particular -- are said to oppose using Western
warplanes to enforce a U.N. ban on Serbian flights over the
former Yugoslav republic.
    Bosnian Serbs have repeatedly flouted a U.N. Security
Council "no fly" resolution, with 175 violations in November
alone.
    With international pressure growing for direct military
intervention in the war, U.N. troops here have legitimate
concerns about their safety.
    United Nations Military Observers (UNMOs), posted on the
hills around Sarajevo to monitor use of heavy weapons, are
particularly vulnerable to retaliation.
    "All of us are officers, all of us are unarmed and many
of our locations are pretty remote -- we would make great
hostages," said one.
    "When people talk about air strikes on the hills above
Sarajevo, they're talking about bombing our positions."


12/11  NATO MOVES ON PEACE-KEEPING, BUT CRITICISED BY U.S.

    By Nicholas Doughty
    BRUSSELS, Dec 11, Reuter - NATO moved towards a new
peace-keeping mission in former Yugoslavia on Friday, but
the United States said the alliance would not last long if
it did not play a more active role in helping former
communist foes.
    Secretary-General Manfred Woerner said the alliance
would do "what is necessary" if the United Nations ordered
action to end bloodshed in former Yugoslavia or prevent it
spreading.
    "I have no doubt that, if asked by the United Nations,
the alliance would do what is necessary," he said.
    Interviewed later on British Broadcasting Corporation
Radio, Woerner said he thought the time was right for
military intervention in the region.
    "I think the time has come," he said.
    "That does not say that I think the military
intervention should take place immediately now, since you
have to consider the winter situation, you have to consider
the consequences of such a military intervention for the
United Nations forces on the ground and you have of course
to consider what would happen to humanitarian action," he
added.
    "This is a very difficult balance which you have to
strike."
    With defence budgets shrinking fast, NATO said it was
worried about cuts in the alliance's military structure at a
time when the West was using its forces more and more to try
and control crises such as the one in former Yugoslavia.
    NATO defence ministers agreed at a meeting in Brussels
that the military should prepare for new peace-keeping
missions in troubled regions of Europe. NATO has been
limited traditionally to the defence of its 16 member
nations.
    "We have concluded that support for U.N. and CSCE peace-
keeping should included among the missions of NATO forces
and headquarters," said a statement issued at the end of the
meeting.
    "Because of its transatlantic dimension, its experience
and its unique military structures and capabilities, NATO is
well placed to assist...in their efforts to contain and
resolve escalating regional conflicts in Europe."
    However, the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation has not
yet formally adopted the new role. A decision is expected at
a meeting of NATO foreign ministers next week.
    France, which does not attend meetings of NATO defence
ministers, has so far resisted the move because it is
worried that it could undermine other institutions like the
Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE).
    France would rather develop European defences and is
outside NATO's military structure. It has also been blocking
moves to expand alliance cooperation with former Warsaw Pact
members.
    U.S Defence Secretary Dick Cheney, who will step down
next month when the new administration takes office, said
NATO would not survive long if it did not play a more active
role in helping countries interested in closer ties with the
alliance.
    Some of them should be able to join, he added.
    "A security organisation that is devoted to European
security that fails to address those concerns is not going
to survive long-term," Cheney told a news conference.
    NATO has refused so far to offer membership or security
guarantees to any of its former enemies, although countries
such as Poland, Hungary and Czechoslovakia are interested in
joining.
    With growing pressure for NATO to take a more active
role in support of U.N. operations, several ministers said
they were concerned that some allies were cutting their
defences too fast.
    The Netherlands and Belgium were criticised at the NATO
meeting for planning cuts that will force the alliance to
consider again how to reshape its forces in a post-Cold War
era.
    "I will not hide that this is a matter of concern,"
Woerner told a news conference. "We need to maintain an
equitable balance of contributions."


12/11 ITALIAN PACIFISTS SET OFF FOR SARAJEVO

    KISELJAK, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Dec 11, Reuter - Five
hundred mainly Italian pacifists set off for Sarajevo on
Friday bearing messages of peace and love for the embattled
Bosnian capital.
    They had been held up for 24 hours in the Bosnian town
of Kiseljak, 30 km (20 miles) from Sarajevo, because of
worries about entering the war zone.
    A convoy of 10 buses adorned with peace slogans set off
from Kiseljak after an emotional farewell from many
townspeople. The local Moslem imam or priest turned out to
bless the mission.
    The pacifists passed through the last Croatian
checkpoint a few km (miles) from Sarajevo about 15 minutes
behind the daily United Nations patrol of two armoured
personnel carriers.
    After debating whether they should accept an armed
escort, group member Fabio Graffiedi said: "We are not so
afraid now. We are 500 people. We are determined to carry
out our mission."
    The pacifists want to show solidarity with the people of
Sarajevo and bring messages of peace to the city's leaders.
    The peace group includes members from Britain, Austria,
Spain, the United States and Germany.

12/11 Troops To Macedonia Considered

   BRUSSELS, Belgium (AP) - U.S. Defense Secretary Dick
Cheney Friday welcomed U.N. Secretary-General Boutros
Boutros-Ghali's recommendation to deploy up to 800
peacekeepers and police in Macedonia.
   "The notion of trying to head off conflict by deploying
forces in advance, by deploying observers into a particular
area ... might well make sense under certain conditions," he
said after a NATO defense ministers meeting.
   The ministers discussed the war in Bosnia-Herzegovina,
concerned it may spill over into Serbia's Kosovo province
and the republic of Macedonia. On Thursday, Boutros-Ghali
urged the deployment of peacekeepers in Macedonia at the
request of the government in Skopje.
   If the U.N. Security Council endorses the recommendation
it would mark the first time U.N. troops will be deployed to
prevent a conflict.
   Such a deployment would reflect concerns about Kosovo, a
mostly ethnic Albanian enclave within Serbia.
   If trouble broke out, Albanians were expected to
intervene on the side of Albanians in Kosovo and to cross
through Macedonia to do so.
   "Those are developments we are all watching," Cheney told
reporters here.
   Earlier Friday, NATO Secretary General Manfred Woerner,
in an interview on Germany's ZDF television network, said
NATO had begun contacts with Albania amid concern the war
could spread to Kosovo.
   He said representatives of NATO and the Western European
Union were in Albania last week to discuss ways of better
enforcement of the Adriatic Sea blockade the two defense
groups have imposed on Serbia.
   Next week, Albanian President Sali Berisha is to visit
the NATO headquarters here.
   "At the moment, the issue is to prevent this war from
spreading, from spilling over into Kosovo," Woerner told
ZDF.
   "What we are doing at the moment, the United Nations as
well as NATO, is, we're sending appropriate signals so that
anyone who's thinking about going to Kosovo understands that
doing so would lead to a new, dramatic twist in the
conflict.
   "I cannot imagine that the community of nations would
remain inactive then."
   In a report on Macedonia Thursday, Boutros-Ghali said
U.N. forces there would have "an essentially preventive
mandate of monitoring and reporting any developments in the
border area which could undermine stability in Macedonia or
threaten its territory."

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