HDTenEightyP/NetNews huggingface dataset:
From: kanefsky@src.honeywell.com (Steve Kanefsky)
Subject: Re: Internal Floptical (Anyone? Anyone? Bueller?)
Organization: Honeywell Systems & Research Center
Date: Mon, 17 Aug 1992 17:40:51 GMT

In article <1992Aug14.081104.42352@kuhub.cc.ukans.edu> brnt@kuhub.cc.ukans.edu writes:
>	Does anybody know of, or (better yet) does anybody have an internal
>floptical drive.  I've got a Mac LC and that extra internal drive slot is just
>begging to be filled; a floptical would fulfill my fondest desires and help
>alleviate my bursting hard drive.
>	If such a thing is out there: who makes them? how much do they cost?
>and how fast is the read/write time?  I mean, could it be effectively used as
>an alternate startup disk or is it too slow (like a floppy)?
>								Vielen Dank


There is a review of three floptical drives, all based on the same
mechanism, in the latest MacWorld.  The things that bugged me the most
were the following:

o  The disks come unformatted, and take approx. 23 minutes to format

o  It takes about 17 seconds to mount a floptical disk when you stick it in
   the drive (4 seconds for an HD disk).

o  The disks are considerably slower than a hard disk, but somewhat faster
   than a floppy for floptical disks, and *slower* than an HD floppy drive
   for HD floppies.

o  The media cost (per MB) is higher than HD floppies, Syquest, Bernoulli, 
   and other types of removable media.

o  Some of the drives have problems formatting HD floppies, or will attempt
   to format an 800K floppy if you accidentally stick one in (none of them are
   actually capable of using 800K floppies).


--
Steve Kanefsky
From: hp48sx@wupost.wustl.edu (HP48SX Archive Maintainer)
Newsgroups: comp.sys.mac.hardware
Subject: Re: PB HD Warning
Date: 13 Aug 1992 09:40:20 -0500
Organization: Washington University in Saint Louis, MO USA
Distribution: usa
NNTP-Posting-Host: wuarchive.wustl.edu

I am not sure how the 2" drives are designed, but many 3.5" drives do a
park when they receive the SCSI STOP command.  And I think this is what
the 2" drives do as well. Is there a spin-down-without-parking-heads
mode at all ?
-- 
Povl H. Pedersen             hp48sx@wuarchive.wustl.edu
HP48sx archive maintainer

All Opinions (C) Copyright the Intergalactic Thought Association
From: tinsel@uiuc.edu (Thomas Aaron Insel)
Newsgroups: comp.sys.mac.hardware
Subject: Re: Mac II differences
Date: 21 Aug 92 01:07:36 GMT
Reply-To: tinsel@uiuc.edu
Distribution: usa
Organization: {not speaking for the} University of Illinois at Urbana
Originator: tai50080@uxa.cso.uiuc.edu

jtgorman@cs.arizona.edu (J. Taggart Gorman) writes:

>   One other thing, and this is a major pet peeve of mine.  Apple used to make
> computers called Apple ][+, ][c, etc., however, they now make machines called
> Macintosh IIsi, IIci, LCII, etc.  Notice?  It's "II", as in two capital 'i's.
> NO stylized ']['.  Please!  Write it the correct way!  I don't like to think
> of my IIsi as a ][c on steroids!

I wouldn't even mention this, but you brought it up first.  That should be
``//c'' not ``][c''.  The last apple that used the square brackets in its
name was the Apple ][+.  The correct names are:

Apple ][, Apple ][+, Apple //e, Apple //c, Apple IIGS, Apple IIc Plus.

The "GS" is in small caps, to screw up people who type it in ASCII, and the
//e later was called the IIe. 
-- 
Thomas Aaron Insel (tinsel@uiuc.edu)
  I speak for myself, and not for the State or University of Illinois.
  "We must not confuse dissent with disloyalty." -- Edward R. Murrow
From: joseph@joebloe.maple-shade.nj.us (Joseph Nathan Hall)
Newsgroups: comp.sys.mac.hardware
Subject: Help Me Set Up a MacTablet w/ a Plus
Date: Mon, 17 Aug 92 22:34:14 EDT
Organization: 5 Sigma Software
Reply-To: joseph@joebloe.maple-shade.nj.us
Distribution: na
X-Mailer: uAccess - Macintosh Release: 1.5v5


(All responses by e-mail, please!)

The search for a graphics tablet for a Mac Plus ended, I hope, when
I found an old Summagraphics MacTablet in the back of a closet at
work.

I hope someone out there has experience with one of these.  If so,
please read on!

What I have is an *original* MacTablet, complete with DB-9 connector
and software versions 1.0 - 5.0 (the latter dated 1987).  I wonder
whether all I need to do in order to get it working is to find the
proper adapter cable--would be a female DB-9 to male Mini-DIN-8.
I tried using a male DB-9 to male Mini-DIN-8 w/ a F/F DB-9 gender
changer, but that didn't work.  I don't know whether the pinouts
and/or pins in general were correct, though.  The ver. 5.1 DA
installed and didn't hang in both System 5.0.1 and 6.0.7, but
the tablet didn't work ....

I hope I can get it to run under Finder on System 6.0.7.  This admittedly
low-tech solution is for a friend of mine who wants only a simple,
inexpensive drawing capability and has a particular desire to hook
up a graphics tablet to his Plus.  This equipment would be perfect
if it could be made to work.

Any informed comments from someone who has experience using a
Summagraphics MacTablet w/ a Mac Plus will be *greatly* appreciated.
Heck, if anyone knows what happened to Summagraphics, that might be
helpful, too ...!

Thanks,

uunet!joebloe!joseph   (609) 273-8200 day   joseph%joebloe@uunet.uu.net
v   v  sssss | Certified Guru: all-grain brewing,| 2102 Ryan's Run East
 v v  s   s  | C, synthesizer comp & arranging,  | Rt 38 & 41
  v    sss   | photography. Also not a bad cook. | Maple Shade NJ 08052
-----My employer isn't paying for this, and my opinions are my own-----
From: geoffb@coos.dartmouth.edu (Geoff Bronner)
Newsgroups: comp.sys.mac.hardware
Subject: Re: Quadra ethernet adapter
Date: 20 Aug 92 15:21:16 GMT
Reply-To: geoffb@Dartmouth.EDU
Organization: Amos Tuck School

In <16ue9oINN3a2@burr.cs.utexas.edu> newton@cs.utexas.edu (Peter Newton) writes:

>We are getting a Quadra 700 and need to hook it up to thick ethernet.
>I have been told that we need an adapter in order to do this, and that
>it costs over a hundred dollars, which is ridiculous since we can buy
>entire ethernet cards (due to a special deal with Asante) for not much
>more.  Does anyone know where we can get the adapter at a reasonable
>price?

This is correct. The EtherNet port on the Q700 requires an adaptor to be
used with thin or thick or 10Base-T EtherNet.

$100 may be a bit high. We paid $75 per for Asante 'FriendlyNet' adaptors
for our Quadras and we are buying more for our LaserWriter IIg's. (Asante
is cheaper than Apple)

If you have a special deal with Asante extend it to the adaptors.

-Geoff
--
geoffb@Dartmouth.EDU - Computing Support Consultant, Tuck School of Business

"Guard with jealous attention the public liberty."
		-Patrick Henry
Newsgroups: comp.sys.mac.hardware
From: terjer@ifi.unit.no (Terje Rydland)
Subject: Re: Macs vs. PC's (or... I want the best of both worlds!)
Organization: Ifi, University of Trondheim / AVH
Date: Fri, 21 Aug 92 07:14:26 GMT

In article <92233.140635REE700A@MAINE.MAINE.EDU> REE700A@MAINE.MAINE.EDU
writes:
>
>   Flame retardant suit on?   Check!...
>  OK- here goes.  I love the Mac - for what it was intended as.  The
>seemless integration of software & hardware, etc.  The fact that even
>Microsoft can write GOOD software for it, etc.  Windows and Word for
>Windows are (currently) shallow imitations of the Mac version.  Computer
>Associates should be shot for that shoddy piece of shit they pawned off
>as a Windows version of Cricket Graph.....   For these reasons (and
>Superpaint, which noone has matched on the PC) I will never forsake the
>MAC (completely).
>
>   The Mac's weak points are (for the "affordable" models) the inability
>to customize the hardware.  Data acquisition on the Mac is as tedious
>as data & report presentation on the PC.  Also the dreadfully slow
>execution time.  (this normalized to price...)  A Mac Clasic II is roughly
>equivalent (in intention) to a 386SX-16.  By the time you add an operating
>system, they both run you about $1200.  With the PC, you have EXPANSION
>slots, you can make something of it! (OTOH, I'm buying a Clasic II to work
>on my dissertation & research proposals - I still don't own a PC.)
>   So, OK. At the low end, Apple has taken a bite out of their prices...
>I understand a Quadra is a $10000 system!  

Come to Norway. Now you will get a Quadra 700 w/16" Apple colour screen
for about 5000 US$ (and taht's in a country that is known to be expensive!)
BTW this is slightly (just slightly!) more than I will have to pay for a 486/50

(and then I don't get  SCSI, 24 bit colour and ethetnet, all of which
are important to me!)

Terje
From: wyattw@loowit.wr.tek.com (Wyatt Webb;6291592;92-835)
Newsgroups: comp.sys.mac.hardware
Subject: Re: Recommendations for MAC hardwar
Date: 17 Aug 92 15:41:25 GMT
Organization: Tektronix - Instrument Controllers and Software
In-reply-to: selliott@cup.portal.com's message of 15 Aug 92 02:29:20 GMT

I'll let someone else send you the summary of all Mac hardware...  But
just to set the record straight.  System 7 will run on just about
anything.  It'll run on the old Mac Plus and SE's which were designed
and built well before System 7.  So, if you are buying a new Mac, you
cannot buy a System 7 incompatible machine.  If your buying a used Mac,
you will be in the same boat if you buy a Mac Plus or newer machine.
Stay away from the 128, 512, 512KE and that line.  Those are so old,
they're not as useful as even a Mac Plus could be...

Just to make things clearer...

Later,

	-Wyatt
--
=====================================================================
|   wyattw@loowit.wr.tek.com	|  	"Never give up, 	    |
|     Engineers are better	|        never, never, never"	    |
|	   by design		|  		-Ross Perot	    |
+-------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
|       Disclaimer: My opinions were bought at a garage sale	    |
=====================================================================
From: rolfe@ldp.com (Rolfe Tessem)
Newsgroups: comp.sys.mac.hardware
Subject: Modem on Powerbook 100
Date: 18 Aug 92 13:17:15 GMT
Reply-To: rolfe@ldp.com
Organization: Lucky Duck Productions

I'm aware that the Powerbook 100 does not have a modem port, but that there  
are internal modems available.  What physical connections do these modems use  
-- the back of that case is already pretty crowded :-).

-- 
Rolfe Tessem				Lucky Duck Productions
rolfe@ldp.com				New York City
(212) 463-0029				(212) 463-7049 fax
Xref: sparky comp.sys.mac.hardware:15753 comp.sys.mac.misc:15257
From: foc@ausom.oz.au (Frank O'Connor)
Newsgroups: comp.sys.mac.hardware,comp.sys.mac.misc
Subject: Re: IIsi vs new Macs - should I wait?
Date: 22 Aug 92 04:24:29 GMT
Reply-To: foc%ausom.oz@sol.cc.deakin.oz.au
Organization: AUSOM - The Apple Users Society of Melbourne

-- 
------------------------------------------
Listen, someone is screaming in agony!
Fortunately I speak it fluently
------------------------------------------
Newsgroups: comp.sys.mac.hardware
From: irw1@ellis.uchicago.edu (Mark Irwin)
Subject: Hard Disk won't mount
Reply-To: irw1@midway.uchicago.edu
Organization: Department of Statistics, University of Chicago
Date: Fri, 21 Aug 1992 03:09:49 GMT

I'm having a problem with my SE/30 and I hope someone can help me.  On 
startup the hard disk won't boot up (factory installed internal 80Meg 
Quantum).  If I hit the interrupt switch I get the following Sad Mac code:

	0000000F
	00000013

Can anybody tell me what this code means.  I checked the file at sumex but it
wasn't helpful.  If I try to check the drive with Apple HD SC Setup I 
get the message "Unable to locate a suitable drive connected to the SCSI
port".  If I look at it with Alliance Power Tools 2.6.1 it finds the disk
but says its size is 0 meg.  If I try to mount the disk from with I get an
error saying the partition map may be damaged.  Testing the disk comes
back with a fatal program error almost immediately.  Norton Utilities 2.0
can't find a partition and maybe confused about the disk's size.  The 
problem doesn't seem to be with the SCSI bus as I can use my external 
syquest with no problem.  

Thanks in advance for any help.

Mark

-- 
Mark Irwin
Dept of Statistics, Univ of Chicago
irwin@galton.uchicago.edu
mark@stat.ubc.ca 
Xref: sparky comp.sys.mac.hardware:15232 comp.sys.mac.apps:13259
From: carlson@greyrock.mso.colostate.edu (joe carlson)
Newsgroups: comp.sys.mac.hardware,comp.sys.mac.apps
Subject: Re: Which is better: 9 or 17?
Date: 13 Aug 92 18:19:59 GMT
Organization: Alphanumeric

In article <23436@alice.att.com>, dsj@alice.att.com (David S. Johnson) writes:
> 
> 
> Question to the net:  What are the pro's and con's of upgrading
> a 5-Meg Mac IIsi to 17 Meg rather than 9 Meg?
> 
> The price through MacConnection looks like $260 for 9 Meg
> and $480 for 17.  I'd probably buy the Maxima extension as
> well in either case, so I could use all 9 (14 of the 17) Meg
> without turning on 32-bit addressing.
> ...
> (Stuff Deleted)
> ...
> Any thoughts/suggestions would be welcome.
> 
> David Johnson
> dsj@research.att.com
> 

					If you can afford to go to 17, do it.  Whether you use it now or not, you 
will later.  You can always pop those out and use them in your next mac
also.  I've found that if you always go at least as big as you can (HD's, RAM,
CPU's, etc.)  You'll be happier, I promise.

																							jOe
Newsgroups: comp.sys.mac.hardware
From: collet@scripps.edu (Thomas Collet)
Subject: RE: RAM upgrade on compact (A)
Organization: The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
Date: Mon, 17 Aug 1992 22:09:47 GMT

This summarizes the net wisdom regarding whether you
can take the plug off the CRT when installing upgrades
on a compact mac. Most said that they did not worry 
about the voltage; the most conservative reply suggested
leaving the Mac off for 3 hours before opening it.

I will be interesting to see, whether this actually works.

Thomas
From: ags@mentor.cc.purdue.edu (Dave Seaman)
Newsgroups: comp.sys.mac.hardware
Subject: Re: Q700 vs. 950
Date: 22 Aug 92 17:35:27 GMT
Organization: Purdue University Computing Center

In article <1992Aug21.221808.12320@eng.umd.edu> russotto@eng.umd.edu (Matthew T. Russotto) writes:
>They have 16 bit mode (thousands of colors) on the 13" and 16"
>monitors, but you need 2MB for it (and then you have 24-bit mode too)

You need only 1Mb VRAM to support 16-bit color on monitors up to 16". I am
typing this message on a Q950 with a 16" color monitor that is exactly so
configured. With 2Mb VRAM you can get 24-bit color.

>Doesn't the Q950 support 19" color monitors whereas the Q700/900 do not?

The Q950 supports 16-bit color on 19" color monitors with 2Mb VRAM. The
Q700/Q900 do not support 16-bit color at all. None of the Quadras can support
24-bit color on a monitor that size without an add-on video card.

-- 
Dave Seaman
ags@seaman.cc.purdue.edu
From: king@acpub.duke.edu (King Rhoton)
Newsgroups: comp.sys.mac.hardware
Subject: Re: Truth in Advertising (can the PowerBook talk?)
Date: 19 Aug 92 20:33:56 GMT
Organization: Duke University; Durham, N.C.


From king Wed Aug 19 16:33:53 1992
To: /afs/acpub/users5/king/.article

Talking moose does come with a hacked verion of macintalk.
From: de19@umail.umd.edu (Dana S Emery)
Newsgroups: comp.sys.mac.hardware
Subject: Re: Quadra 950 Power Supply Problems?
Date: 22 Aug 92 15:31:48 GMT
Followup-To: comp.sys.mac.hardware
Organization: Personal

> Funny, I heard the same thing this morning from Ontrack. Said they may not
> be able to fix a bug in some formatting s/w they sold me 'cause Apple won't
> ship them the 950 they bought. They DID ask if they could use MY 950.
> 
> I musta lucked out getting mine. Hope the power supply ain't about to fry.
> 
> Somebody at Apple wanna tell us about this?  

Surely you jest, that might cause them to publicly admit liability for it.

--
"Novo, de Novo, de novo, de no-o-o-o-o---, 
Novemba come an' dey gonna go home."

Dana S Emery <de19@umail.umd.edu>
From: baltman@prodigal.psych.rochester.edu (Brian Altman)
Newsgroups: comp.sys.mac.hardware
Subject: Two questions 1 re: Plus RAM; 1 re: Syquest mounting
Date: 14 Aug 92 15:53:44 GMT
Organization: University of Rochester (Rochester, NY)

First of all, I am upgrading a plus from 1 meg to 4. I know that two resistors
will need to be cut. I was wondering if anyone could tell me the exact location
of both of em....the last time this thread was discussed the answers were a
little contradictory.

Second question. I have a DataStor 88 (Syquest) from MacTown and I can only get
it to mount when the computer (a si) is either starting or restarting. If I try
to mount it using SCSI Probe my system hangs. The extension responsible for the
mounting is called DiskMaster Plus* Init. Is it a problem with the extension?
If so, is there a replacement I can find (FTP)? Or is there a better program,
other than SCSI Probe that will mount it...

Thanks!
-Brian
From: Ladd.Morse@p804.f70.n109.z1.fidonet.org (Ladd Morse)
Sender: Uucp@blkcat.UUCP
Newsgroups: comp.sys.mac.hardware
Subject: Apple 13" monitors
Date: Thu, 13 Aug 1992 23:04:02 -0500

RE: pricing of Apple 13" color monitors
 
I'm sitting in front of one, purchased new less than two hours ago - the
superstore MicroCenter was selling them for $529.
 
Ladd
From: ohbuchi@rameau.cs.unc.edu (Ryutarou Ohbuchi)
Newsgroups: comp.sys.mac.hardware
Subject: IIci to Quadra upgrade
Keywords: Shreve Systems, warranty,
Date: 22 Aug 92 15:15:44 GMT

I have seen an advertisement in Mac magazines from this company called
"Shreve Systems", which states that you can upgrade your MacIIci (or
cx) for $1999 to Quadra 700.  Now, this is substantially lower in
price than the $2759 I can get from the school's computer shop for the
same upgrade.  What's the catch here ?  Will there be Apple warranty
on the upgraded Quadra ?  Is Shreve Systems (I think it is in
Louisiana....) trustworthy ?  It seems that the company mostly deals
with used Macs.

Ryutarou Ohbuchi
ohbuchi@cs.unc.edu

Newsgroups: comp.sys.mac.hardware
From: zaphod@bluemoon.rn.com (Peter Bierman)
Subject: Re: Where to get Mac Portable memory cheap?
Organization: Blue Moon BBS ((614) 868-998[024])
Date: Sun, 16 Aug 92 12:29:58 EDT

quan@Xenon.Stanford.EDU (Tony Quan) writes:

> 
> I'm trying to find the lowest price on memory cards for the Mac
> Portable (not Powerbook)  The cheapest I've found so far is $549
> for a 4 MB card.  Anybody know of anyone cheaper?

Portable RAM is REAL expensive. Mostly because there is such a small 
demand. $549 seems about average for 4MB of Portable RAM... is it true 
static?


---
The opinions I express are rarely my own, because my own are far too
outragous to post here.

IntNet:zaphod@bluemoon.rn.com    FutureNet: #33@#10
The Metropolis (614)-846-1911
---
Xref: sparky comp.sys.mac.hardware:15261 comp.sys.mac.misc:14805 comp.sys.mac.wanted:7535 misc.forsale.computers:29744
From: hodas@saul.cis.upenn.edu (Josh Hodas)
Newsgroups: comp.sys.mac.hardware,comp.sys.mac.misc,comp.sys.mac.wanted,misc.forsale.computers
Subject: New Toshiba 3301 CD-ROM Drive for sale.
Date: 13 Aug 92 22:21:53 GMT
Followup-To: comp.sys.mac.hardware
Organization: University of Pennsylvania


I have a chance to get a new Toshiba XM3301B CD-ROM Drive at a good price if
buy a few of them, so I am offering the extras for $450.

This is a new drive, in an enclosure, with the latest Toshiba Mac driver, and
a SCSI system cable.  

The drive has a one year warranty.

The price is fairly firm, but may be a bit negotiable. Make an offer.

Josh Hodas
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Josh Hodas    		Home Phone:	     (215) 222-7112   
4223 Pine Street	School Office Phone: (215) 898-9514
Philadelphia, PA 19104	E-Mail Address:      hodas@saul.cis.upenn.edu
Newsgroups: comp.sys.mac.hardware
From: poon@camis.Stanford.EDU (Alex Poon)
Subject: powerbook 100 battery life
Organization: DSO, Stanford University
Date: 20 Aug 92 23:56:54 GMT

to people with pb 100's:  how long does your battery last before the
first warning comes up (during regular use)?  mine lasts for about 1-1:30
hours and i think that i may have a defective battery.  any comments?
Newsgroups: comp.sys.mac.hardware
From: 11437294@eng2.eng.monash.edu.au (NATHAN WHEAT)
Subject: Re: Advice needed: keyboard, VRAM for LC
Organization: Faculty of Engineering, Monash University 
Date: Wed, 19 Aug 1992 08:36:41 GMT

In article <77332@ut-emx.uucp> ginsu@ccwf.cc.utexas.edu (Wes Simonds) writes:
>From: ginsu@ccwf.cc.utexas.edu (Wes Simonds)
>Subject: Advice needed: keyboard, VRAM for LC
>Date: 7 Aug 92 16:12:49 GMT
>(1) I need a keyboard with a clackety-clack response like a true IBM keyboard.
>    Tried the MacPro Plus, thought it was mushy.  Anybody have some advice?

I have heard of a little INIT called Tappy-Type which makes sounds thru the 
speaker when you type... if it's sound you're after (I guess not).

>(2) I want 512K VRAM on my LC but am told a dealer needs to install it.  On
>    cracking open the case it looks to me like it just snaps into the VRAM
>    slot like the regular RAM SIMMs would.  Any reason I shouldn't just install
>    it myself, or is the $30 dealer fee worth it?

Do it yourself.  It isn't necessary for the dealer to do it for you, if you 
think you can handle it.  But one warning... watch out for static (
electricity), they can stuff the SIMMs up badly.  Just be sure to ground 
yourself regularly by touching the power supply.

Nathan W.
Newsgroups: comp.sys.mac.hardware
From: tcmay@netcom.com (Timothy C. May)
Subject: Re: Comments on 3rd Party Keyboards - Mac 101E, etc.
Date: Mon, 17 Aug 92 18:06:18 GMT
Organization: Netcom - Online Communication Services  (408 241-9760 guest) 

awmin@athena.mit.edu (Art Min) writes:
: Hello, I'm thinking of getting an "extended" keyboard.
: 
: I'm deciding between the Mac-101E and MacPro Plus
: 
: If anybody has either, please give me a review. I'm leaning
: towards the 101E cause it gives you a discount on quickeys.
: 
: But I'm concerned about the click noise it makes.
: 
: Thanks for any info.

Ironically, I just replaced my 2-year-old Mac-101 keyboard with the small
Apple Keyboard II (the one without function keys). BTW, the Mac-101 was
working flawlesssly.

My reasons? First, it mostly matches the layout of my Powerbook keyboard,
which neither the large Apple keyboard nor the Mac-101 do. This helps keep
my sanity in moving from one Mac to the other. (It is dumb of Apple to 
have so many minor variants!)

Second, I rarely used the function keys, preferring my own QuicKeys. And
since the Powerbook lacks function keys, it seemed a good decision to just
abandon their use completely.

Third, I liked the feel of the apple keyboard better. (Once again, the large
Apple keyboard has a different feel...)

The bundled QuicKeys (which I already had, anyway) may make a difference.
I paid $85 at CompUSA for my Keyboard II.

-- 
..........................................................................
Timothy C. May         | Crypto Anarchy: encryption, digital money,  
tcmay@netcom.com       | anonymous networks, digital pseudonyms, zero
408-688-5409           | knowledge, reputations, information markets, 
W.A.S.T.E.: Aptos, CA  | black markets, collapse of governments.
Higher Power: 2^756839 | RSA MailSafe Public Key: by arrangement


Newsgroups: comp.sys.mac.hardware