HDTenEightyP/NetNews huggingface dataset:
From: steve@celia.UUCP (Steve Tyree)
Newsgroups: sci.aquaria
Subject: Re: seasonal and daily variations
Date: 15 Sep 92 21:12:17 GMT
Reply-To: celia!steve@usc.edu (Steve Tyree)
Organization: Rhythm & Hues, Inc., Hollywood

In article <BuMqLr.5xu@netnews.jhuapl.edu> fernando@aplcomm.jhuapl.edu (Fernando Pineda) writes:
>All these coral spawning reports are interesting to me because they all seem to
>confirm the importance of seasonal fluctuations of light cylces and 
>temperatures. I'm curious to know how necessary it is to be very precise about 
>these things.For example, are people having good success with simple schedules 
>or are you all taking schedules from the nautrical almanac or some such 
>reference?

 I have been operating my reef in a 2x natural moon phase since 2/92. An 
Euphyllia ancora, various mushrooms, Trachophyllia geoffri (sp?) and poss-
ibly an chalice Turbinaria has released eggs or planulae in sync with the
moon phases. My experiment was interrupted about a month ago when I left
town on buisness. During this 10 day period by moon stayed FULL due to
the automated computer system fouling up (my human brain). The airport
shuttle arrived 30 minutes early and mass chaos occured.
 My experiment was intended to see if a twice as fast moon phase cycle
(15 days between full moons) could be used to sync corals. It appeared
to be partially successful. The interuption in the experiment may have
caused the the uncertainty. My alternative goal was to induce a mass spawn-
ing of corals. This did not occur, however I sill have a few more full
moons left. Some corals appeared to sync planulae/egg release on new moon
phases and some on full moons. The majority in my tank synced on new moons.
 I did not use moon rise or set times. Light intensity was linearly varied
and remained constant the entire night. My reasoning for trying this was
lack of computer control and the fact that the brighter the moon becomes,
the longer it stays in the night sky. This causes a well defined shift
from total darkness to full brightness. It is not linear if you deal with
total photons received per night. I was trying to stimulate the corals
using total photons received during the night as a basis.
 Other reefers are using rise/set times for more complex geographic re-
productions of certain global coordinates. I might try this when a computer
controlled system is added to my reef. Right now I am concentrating my
efforts on improving the captive reefs support systems. At the end of this
calendar year, automation will be looked into.

 Steve Tyree - Reef Breeder
From: JAREA@UKCC.UKY.EDU
Newsgroups: sci.lang
Subject: Re: [pronouns] Re: Other properties of pronoun usage
Date: 8 Sep 92 00:33:08 GMT
    <1992Aug20.175726.4398@efi.com> <8775@amsaa-cleo.brl.mil> 
    <36974@uflorida.cis.ufl.edu>
Organization: University of Kentucky

In article <36974@uflorida.cis.ufl.edu>
djohns@elm.circa.ufl.edu (David A. Johns) writes:
 
>
>In article <8775@amsaa-cleo.brl.mil> matt@amsaa-cleo.brl.mil (Matt Rosenblatt) writes:
>
># Everyone is comfortable with the singular reflexive, "yourself."
>
>True.
>
># Yet, those who use the singular "they" will use a plural reflexive
># pronoun in a sentence like, "Whoever wants dressing with their
># salad will have to add it themselves."
>
>False.  Not all do.  I hear "themself" several times a day around
>undergraduates and even from "educated" people.
>
># How come people are not as comfortable using "themself" as they are
># using "yourself"?
>
>Maybe because there are so many people insisting that it's wrong?
>
># Is "themself" really an English word?
>
>For some people it is.
>
># _Webster's Third New International Dictionary_ lists "yourselves,"
># "yourself," and "themselves," but not "themself."
>
>This is not intended to be an exhaustive dictionary, is it?
>
># If singular "they" is as much a part of the language as singular
># "you,"
>
>Is anyone claiming the "as much as" part?
>
># how come English has not developed its third-person singular
># reflexive counterpart as English developed the second-person
># singular reflexive "yourself"?
>
>It has.  "Themself" simply hasn't achieved the acceptance that
>"yourself" has -- yet.
>
>David Johns
>
>
And let us not forget "theirselves" and "theirself", the latter of which I
have heard as both a plural and a singular indefinite: "If some English
teacher (singular) doesn't like it, they should get theirself a new
grammar book."  I have heard the "their-" form of the reflexive (as well as
the form "hisself") on both sides of the Atlantic.
From: miner@kuhub.cc.ukans.edu
Newsgroups: sci.lang
Subject: Re: discourse and pragmatics
Date: 15 Sep 92 08:53:20 CDT
Organization: University of Kansas Academic Computing Services

In article <9209150444.AA05686@ucbvax.Berkeley.EDU>, lucas@WATSON.IBM.COM ("Bruce Lucas") writes:
> I'm interested in learning more about theories of pragmatics
> and discourse.  Can anyone suggest where to start?  I'm particularly
> interested in theories of these subjects as they relate to "artificial"
> languages such as human-computer interaction, although presumably
> knowledge of universals in natural language can help
> in the design and analysis of human-computer languages.
> 
> (I'm also somewhat hazy on the exact meaning of "pragmatics" and
> "discourse" and their relationship.  Anyone kind enough to fill
> me in?)
> 
> Thanks,
> Bruce Lucas

Stephen C. Levinson's _Pragmatics_ (Cambridge University Press 1983),
already mentioned by someone, is absolutely the place to start.  A
very good and non-technical update on recent thinking is Georgia
Green's _Pragmatics and Natural Language Understanding_ (Lawrence
Erlbaum Associates, 1989).  Finally, IMHO, natural-language pragmatics
can only be understood in terms of politeness theory, and I heartily
recommend Brown & Levinson, _Politeness_ (sorry, don't have complete
reference at hand).

Pragmatics is the study of interpretive meaning as opposed to literal
meaning, which is the proper domain of semantics.  The idea is that
hearers get a lot more information out of an utterance in context than
is actually "in" the utterance itself, *and* that speakers know this
and exploit it for various reasons, among them, to be polite.

A discourse is simply (for me) any large piece of language having
cohesion and coherence.  There is a field called discourse analysis
whose concerns overlap with those of pragmatics; written texts bring
up both similar and different problems.  Brown and Yule, I believe,
have a standard text on DA but I don't have the complete reference at
hand.
-- 
********************************** +.............................+
*- Ken <miner@kuhub.cc.ukans.edu>* :All opinions expressed herein:
*There is no privileged position.* :are my own and are not to be :
*	-God, Derrida, others    * : attributed to my employer   :
********************************** +.............................+

Xref: sparky sci.lang:7180 alt.usage.english:7382
From: dchung@efi.com (Daniel Chung)
Newsgroups: sci.lang
Subject: [prounoun] sex-neutral pronoun in Chinese
Date: 10 Sep 92 17:13:42 GMT
Reply-To: chungdan@leland.stanford.edu
Followup-To: soc.culture.china
Organization: Electronics For Imaging, Inc.


     The sex-neutral pronoun question is not to *change* anything, or
be "politically correct".  In fact, I hate formalistic calls like
"political correctness" (I completely do not understand what it means).
I look for suitability.  Now, if we do not know/care someone's sex,
what do we write?  Note that we always say <below>.
 -+- \ /    
  /   |     
 --|  |     
So, what do we write this word?  From context, we know whether it is
an inanimate, a person, an animal, or a/the god, but sex does not matter.
What is the motivation for using the "person-also" character when
the typists use "person-also" for all sexes in some televion subtitles?
					
				 ||| \ /  /       /   |  \/   |  / / /  
				 |+|  X  /       <    |       |  \/     
				 --- / \ ---      \   |       |  --|    
(Follow-ups go to: soc.culture.china.)
Newsgroups: sci.lang
From: peeters@tasman.cc.utas.edu.au (bert peeters)
Subject: Re: Latin x again
Organization: University of Tasmania, Australia.
Date: Sat, 5 Sep 1992 07:46:06 GMT

bthurman@uncavx.unca.edu writes:

>Do not quite a few words that have an x in the Latin root evolve into French
>without the conscious borrowing as in Mexique?  Example: rixe < rixa.

*Rixe* in French is also a borrowing. Its first appearance is in the 15th
century, when humanists and other ancient civs amateurs start to borrow
heavily from Latin straight into French. In other words, Latin *rixa* has
not gone through the normal phonetic evolutions before giving us *rixe*
in French. 
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Dr Bert Peeters                         Tel: +61 02 202344
Department of Modern Languages               002 202344
University of Tasmania at Hobart        Fax: 002 207813
GPO Box 252C                            Bert.Peeters@modlang.utas.edu.au
Hobart TAS 7001
Australia
From: rwojcik@atc.boeing.com (Richard Wojcik,snake)
Newsgroups: sci.lang
Subject: Re: k and s
Date: 4 Sep 92 16:59:25 GMT
Reply-To: rwojcik@atc.boeing.com
Organization: Research & Technology

In article 12372@news.Hawaii.Edu, lee@uhunix.uhcc.Hawaii.Edu (Greg Lee) writes:
>In article <81732@bcsaic.boeing.com> rwojcik@atc.boeing.com writes:
>}
>}...  A good example of palatalization is "dija" for "did ya..." ...
>
>Not good.  That's y -> zh.  Obstruentization; not palatalization at all.

This is a terminological issue.  Lots of linguists use the term "palatalization",
like "lenition", to mean various things.  I'm quite happy to accept your more
exacting definition.  Let's just say that the [dy] -> [dz^] process is "related
to" palatalization.  BTW, didn't you cite some Russian examples from Halle that
involved "obstruentization" of this type, but which you called "palatalization",
as is the custom of Slavists?  ;-)

-----
Disclaimer:  Opinions expressed above are not those of my employer.

    Rick Wojcik   (rwojcik@atc.boeing.com)   Seattle, WA
Newsgroups: sci.lang
From: lee@uhunix.uhcc.Hawaii.Edu (Greg Lee)
Subject: Re: What for?
Organization: University of Hawaii
Date: Fri, 4 Sep 1992 22:41:55 GMT

In article <Bu07oA.87H@netnews.jhuapl.edu> avlb@aplcomm.jhuapl.edu (A V Louis Biggie) writes:
}I think it has something to do with the fact that "why" is used in two 
}different ways.  Sometimes it means "for what reason" and sometimes is means 
}"for what purpose." ...

That seems very plausible.  My wife suggested this reference: "`How come'
and `what for'" by Arnold & Ann Zwicky, in Kachru et al. (eds.), 1973,
Issues in Linguistics: Papers in Honor of Henry and Renee Kahane,
pp. 923-33.

--
Greg Lee <lee@uhunix.uhcc.hawaii.edu>
From: iad@cogsci.ed.ac.uk (Ivan A Derzhanski)
Newsgroups: sci.lang
Subject: Re: Problem with 'they' (etc) as 3p singular common gender pron.
Date: 12 Sep 92 11:53:33 GMT
Organization: Centre for Cognitive Science, Edinburgh, UK

In article <1992Sep9.144858.15725@odin.diku.dk> thorinn@diku.dk (Lars Henrik Mathiesen) writes:
>	Somebody left a note.
>	[I can't read the name, but] ?they will be back later.
>
>In spoken Danish, this poses a real problem. I would probably use
>"vedkommende" myself, since I feel fairly free to jump into a slightly
>formal register with the people I'm usually with. I have been thinking
>so much about this that I can't say what people would use otherwise,
>but I think it would be along the lines of 'This person would be back
>later' or 'It was someone who would be back later.'

Other sentences to play with:

  I don't know who left this hat here, but I'm sure he'll come back for it.
  If someone comes, tell him he should wait a little.
  If you catch someone cheating, tell me his name.
  Who was there and what did he want?
  Who was there and what did you give him?
  Who was there and what was his problem?

Just suggesting that you try other cases, possessive forms, etc. as well.
It is not quite clear to me to what extent Danish _vedkommende_ is a real
pronoun in the register to which it belongs, rather than a pseudo-pronoun
of some sort (such as the counterparts of `Your Majesty' or `your [most
obedient] servant' in a number of languages).

As for Dutch _die_ (how is the possessive form of that?), it is about the
kind of thing that I should have expected to generate exceptions to my
universal: a genderless demonstrative used as a personal pronoun.

-- 
 `If ye hiv ears oan yer heid - then use them tae lissen.' (The Glasgow Gospel)
Ivan A Derzhanski   (iad@cogsci.ed.ac.uk;  iad@chaos.cs.brandeis.edu)
* Centre for Cognitive Science,  2 Buccleuch Place,  Edinburgh EH8 9LW,  UK
* Cowan House, Pollock Halls, 18 Holyrood Park Road, Edinburgh EH16 5BD, UK
From: bbs-hrick@jwt.UUCP (Rick Harrison)
Subject: compounding
Reply-To: bbs-hrick@jwt.UUCP
Organization: The Matrix
Date: Fri, 4 Sep 1992 05:55:12 GMT

 
All the languages that I know of which permit compounding
are AN (Adjectives usually precede Nouns) (e.g. English, German, 
Mandarin, Esperanto).  In these languages, compounds are 
modifier->head, e.g. "birdsong" versus "songbird."  I'm wondering 
if an NA language would have head->modifier compounds (e.g.
"mansnow" instead of "snowman"), and if this actually occurs or 
would be a violation of some "universal."
From: swf@teradata.com (Stanley Friesen)
Newsgroups: sci.lang
Subject: Re: k and s
Date: 7 Sep 92 23:31:37 GMT
Reply-To: swf@tdat.teradata.com (Stanley Friesen)
Organization: NCR Teradata Database Business Unit

In article <1992Sep5.153150.9676@news.Hawaii.Edu> lee@uhunix.uhcc.Hawaii.Edu (Greg Lee) writes:
|In article <998@tdat.teradata.COM> swf@tdat.teradata.com (Stanley Friesen) writes:
|
|I suppose one might refer to regressive position assimilation of the
|d to the following alveo-palatal as "palatalization".

Since I tend to construe 'palatalization' rather strictly, to mean
"a shift of the point of articulation closer to the palate", this is
indeed what I would term it.

|  When people refer to the dy>dzh change by that term,
|however, I think what is usually meant is that the d palatalizes to
|an alveo-palatal affricate under influence of the y, and the y is
|subsequently absorbed by the preceding affricate.  It is that analysis
|with which I was taking issue.

I certainly never have interpreted it that way.  I have always taken the
affrication to be due to merger of the 'y' inyo the preceding stop.


Certainly the Russian palatalized stops (indicated by the spelling of
the following vowel in the Cyrillic alphabet) are *not* affricates,
at least as they have been described to me, they are simply shifted
in point of articulation.
-- 
sarima@teradata.com			(formerly tdatirv!sarima)
  or
Stanley.Friesen@ElSegundoCA.ncr.com
From: anderson@sapir.cog.jhu.edu (Steve Anderson)
Newsgroups: sci.lang
Subject: Re: phonological constraints
Date: 11 Sep 92 16:41:38 GMT
	<1992Sep10.144737.347@midway.uchicago.edu>
	<1992Sep11.153746.8416@news.Hawaii.Edu>
Organization: Dept. of Cognitive Science, The Johns Hopkins University
In-reply-to: lee@uhunix.uhcc.Hawaii.Edu's message of 11 Sep 92 15:37:46 GMT

>>>>> On 11 Sep 92 15:37:46 GMT, lee@uhunix.uhcc.Hawaii.Edu (Greg Lee) said:

	GL> I have a strong interest in the answers to these
	GL> questions, but if anyone can say, I hope they take some
	GL> care with the precise meaning of "higher level structures"
	GL> and "morphologization".  Does "higher level" refer to the
	GL> inner structures of words, or to their syntactic
	GL> environments?  And does "morphologization" refer to an
	GL> acquired sensitvity to morpheme identity/class, or to word
	GL> identity/class?  It is important to make the distinction
	GL> for those theories, like lexical phonology, in which the
	GL> domains of rule application are hierarchical and local.
	GL> For instance, a post-lexical rule (_roughly_ comparable to
	GL> a NP process) could be conditioned by word class or (I
	GL> think) syntactic environment, but not by morphological
	GL> structure, while a lexical rule could be conditioned by
	GL> morphological structure or (I think) word class, but not
	GL> by syntactic environment.

I've tried to argue (in chapter 10 of _A-Morphous Morphology_, C.U.P.
1992, and elsewhere) that given cyclicity and an appropriate
formulation of a constraint that (some) rules apply only in "derived
environments", phonological rules don't have to have access to
word-internal morphological structure. 

Of course, that's quite natural on a view of word-formation as rules
rather than the concatenation of "morphemes", since it would require
an extra stipulation on that view to create such word-internal
structure for rules to refer to. Given further arguments to the effect
that other components of grammar can generally dispense with such
structure as well, this all holds together.

The exception to the lack of word-internal structure (other than
purely phonological organization, like the organization into
syllables, feet, etc.) is the formation of (an extended class of)
compounds. Again this is a natural result if these are created by more
syntactic mechanisms, rather than by Word Formation Rules per se. See
chapter 11 of A-Morphous Morphology for some discussion.

The bottom line is that structure is potentially accessible where it
exists; and while syntax creates such structure, morphology
(generally) doesn't.

As for "morphologization", that refers to the reanalysis of some
(originally phonological) change as part of the content of a Word
Formation Rule, rather than as a consequence of sound structure alone.

	GL> Better risk being wrong than be wishy-washy and dull.

Right.

--Steve Anderson
From: colric@tartarus.uwa.edu.au (Colin Richards)
Subject: Re: Monotarinai
Organization: University of Western Australia
Date: Mon, 7 Sep 1992 02:12:40 GMT

mtachiba@rkna50.riken.go.jp (Masahiko Tachibana) writes:

>BTW, We have some adjectives that can add mono- on the head.

>	kanashii (sad) -> monoganashii 
>	sugoi (awful) -> monosugoi
>	sabishii (lonely) -> monosabishii

sugoi == awful ???

I thought that sugoi meant great or fantastic not awful, can it have
both meanings?

Colin
From: jamiller@kuhub.cc.ukans.edu
Newsgroups: sci.lang.japan
Subject: Re: Kansai <-> Kantou Japanese table
Date: 4 Sep 92 19:43:47 CDT
Organization: University of Kansas Academic Computing Services
Summary: +two from hokkaido

		<deletions>
> anyone have more words?

Not a 'word' but how about negative verb constructions.
i.e. ~hen 

Are negative endings like _yaran (yaranai) shiran (shiranai)_ etc.
hogen of hokuriku kansai area?  I'm thinking not but...

> +----------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
> | Claude Huss          | Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. Tokyo Research Labs.|

BTW, here are some from Hokkaido...

menkoi	kawai cute
hyakkoi tsumetai cold
--
jamiller@kuhub.cc.ukans.edu
James Miller

_chicchai .sig no ho ga ichiban iin janai ka..._
             Life Happens?
Newsgroups: sci.lang.japan
From: jwb@capek.rdt.monash.edu.au (Jim Breen)
Subject: Re: kanji of the day ?36
Organization: Monash University, Melb., Australia.
Date: Sun, 6 Sep 1992 23:14:22 GMT

luke@wombat.ee.byu.edu (David Luke) writes:

>In article <jwb.715562257@capek.rdt.monash.edu.au> jwb@capek.rdt.monash.edu.au (Jim Breen) writes:
>>stueber@VAX.MPIZ-KOELN.MPG.DBP.DE writes:

>>>KANJI OF THE DAY # 36

>>>JIS      = 3559 (serial number)
>>            ^^^^---hex 4671

>Perhaps a dumb question, but how is 4671 the hex equivalent of 3559 decimal?

Search me. I have no idea what these "serial codes" are that Stueber-san 
posts. MOKE/kinput/jdic/Wordtank/etc. all use hex, and x4671 *is* the
code for that kanji.

>Also, the jodoushi "-nikui" is written in hiragana, according to the current
>Mombusho standards (whatever that's worth...).

Fair enough. It's in edict because one occasionally comes across the kanji
being used.
-- 
Jim Breen                           JIS:$B%8%`!!%V%j!<%s(J
Department of Robotics & Digital Technology. Monash University. 
PO Box 197 Caulfield East VIC 3145 Australia (ph) +61 3 573 2552 
(fax) +61 3 573 2345  AARNet/Internet:jwb@capek.rdt.monash.edu.au  
Newsgroups: sci.lang.japan
From: cmr@world.std.com (Charles M Richmond)
Subject: Re: What's an idiom (Was: Re: Monotarinai)
Organization: Integrated International Systems Corp. One Longfellow Place, Suite 3309, Boston, Ma.
Date: Tue, 8 Sep 1992 09:46:07 GMT

tvp@gibdo.engr.washington.edu writes:

>In article <37756@sdcc12.ucsd.edu> djohnson@cs.ucsd.edu (Darin Johnson) writes:
>>My favorite is:  There are more kanji than you can shake a stick at.


Yes this is a clear idiom. The others though are fairly clear from their
words.

a dogs death ....  every society that has domesticated the dog will 
		   understand this. (Yes there is a continent that gets
		   missed)

to see the handwriting on the wall ... from the words the meaning of seeing
				       or getting the message is pretty clear.




Which is just to say that the area between idioms and expressions is, as has
been expressed by one of the above, a grey area.


(-;


Charlie
-- 
*****************************************************************************
*  Charles Richmond 	Integrated International Systems Corporation        *
*  cmr@world.std.com	(Temporary) cmr@chiechan.mro4.dec.com		    *
*  Specializing in UNIX, X, Image Processing, and Communications.           *
From: sunyi@hpsgm2.sgp.hp.com (Yi SUN)
Date: Mon, 7 Sep 1992 07:11:00 GMT
Subject: How to make a call in japanese?
Organization: HP Singapore Notes-Server
Newsgroups: sci.lang.japan

Hi folks,

Because I may make a call to japan, I need to say some japanese. Actually
I can't say any. Could you help me translate following things?
"May I speak to Ms. Cheng?", How is this expressed in japanese?
Normally what is the first words a japanese may say when he/she 
hears my voice? Please consider two situations: If the person answering
the phone is the one I want to talk to or if the person answering the
phone is the one I don't know?


Thanks.


Sun Yi

sunyi@hpsgm2.hp.sgp.com
Newsgroups: sci.lang.japan
From: rsanders@magnus.acs.ohio-state.edu (RRobert M Sanders)
Subject: Re: Kansai <-> Kantou Japanese table
Organization: The Ohio State University
Date: Sat, 5 Sep 1992 14:08:12 GMT

If people are interested in this topic they can look at _The Linguistic Atlas 
of Japan_ (Nihon Gengo Chizu) produced by Kokuritsu Kokugo Kenkyuujo and 
published by Ookurashoo Insatsukyoku.

On a related matter, sometimes it can be a bit simplistic to speak of 'the 
vocabulary item' of a particular region.  As an example, in her _Linguistic 
Atlas of Tokyo and Kanagawa_, Inoue Fumio reveals that among the elderly of 
Kanagawa-ken altogether 20 different colloquial ways of saying 'cockroach' were
observed.  If netters are interested, I can post these 20 items.

Robert Sanders
Newsgroups: sci.lang.japan,soc.culture.japan
From: skc@Turing.ORG (Shriram K. Chaubal)
Subject: (Cincinnati) Japanese Tutors/Classes: Info Needed
Followup-To: poster
Keywords: language, tutor, classes
Organization: University of Virginia
Distribution: usa
Date: Sat, 5 Sep 1992 16:53:20 GMT

Hi folks,

I am looking for some information on Japanese tutors or language classes in the
Cincinnati area. I have no Japanese background (if that matters) and am 
interested in learning conversational Japanese.

As far as I know Berlitz and Univ of Cinci are the only locations in Cinci
that offer these type of courses... I would like information on these sources
too if you have any knowledge of them.

Thanks,

Shriram

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Shriram Chaubal					skc@icc.com (it's slow and we
I.C.C.(now D.C.A)					do not get news!)
8230 Montgomery Road, 				skc@turing.org
Cincinnati, OH 45236				70134.3310@compuserve.com
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Newsgroups: sci.lang.japan
From: FP50@DMARUM8.BITNET (peter dreyer)
Subject: File "FP50 OUTPUT" being sent to you.
Organization: The Internet
Date: Tue, 8 Sep 1992 12:23:09 GMT

*--------------------------------- Cut here ----------------------------------*
Newsgroups: sci.lang.japan,soc.culture.japan