From: Dieter Britz <BRITZ@kemi.aau.dk>
Subject: CNF bibliography update (total now 698 papers, 96 patents/appl.).
Reply-To: Dieter Britz <BRITZ@kemi.aau.dk>
Organization: Sci.physics.fusion/Mail Gateway
Date: Wed, 8 Apr 1992 17:26:21 GMT


Hello all,
here are mostly papers out of the (my) latest Fusion Technology, which remains
faithful to CNF, despite recent signs of its death - or some contend. There is
also a science-sociological paper, and after some soul-searching, I put it
into the Comments section; it does not deal with cold fusion as such, but uses
it as an example of something sociological. Bruce Lewenstein sent me this one,
which I would otherwise have missed; thanks, Bruce. We can probably expect a
rising tide of such papers - they might even overtake real cnf papers in
frequency.
There is a bunch of real papers, too, as you see below. Nothing to excite us,
except perhaps the emissions of neutrons (and maybe tritium), correlated with
increases in current densities, in the Gozzi+ effort. The tritium search in
volcanic craters interested me, since the Jones wing seems to believe that
this has indeed been found, but I have yet to see such papers. This one, in
any case (Quick et al) finds nothing. They are undoubtedly unhappy at the high
"noise level" which obviates sensitive measurements, coming from man-made
fall-out. Even tiny traces of tritium coming out of volcanoes would be clear
evidence of fusion in the Earth, in contrast with the many reports of
anomalous (3)He/(4)He ratios, for which there may be any number of
explanations, (3)He being stable.
The other papers speak for themselves and don't need my comments (possibly
no papers do).
                                                                        Dieter
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                     COLD NUCLEAR FUSION BIBLIOGRAPHY
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                           Additions 8-Apr. 1992
                   Dieter Britz alias britz@kemi.aau.dk
                           Total in Section 2: 698

1. Books
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none
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2. Published articles, letters
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Bryan SR, Gibson JH;                             Fusion Technol. 21 (1992) 95.
"Comments on 'Nuclear energy release in metals'".
** A letter to the Editor, commenting on Mayer and Reitz's previous paper (FT
19 (1991) 552). M&R claimed that there is experimental evidence for their
theory of a nuclear reaction with the Pd atoms, leading to Pd isotope
distribution changes. Bryan and Gibson say that this is a misinterpretation,
and no such changes took place.                                  Aug-91/Jan-92
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Cannizzaro F, Greco G, Raneli M, Spitale MC, Tomarchio E;
Fusion Technol. 21 (1992) 86.
"Search for neutrons as evidence of cold fusion".
** Report of a Palermo effort. Electrolysis was carried out in D2O containing
sodium sulphate, and a mixture of sodium sulphate and iron, nickel and calcium
salts. The Pd and Ti cathodes were in the form of plates. Two independent
systems of BF3 thermal neutron counters were used, with pulse height analysis.
Current densities went up to 24 mA/cm**2. The results do not confirm even
Jones+ levels, at an upper limit of 3.6E-24 fus/d-d pair/s.      May-91/Jan-92
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Gozzi D, Cignini PL, Tomellini M, Frullani S, Garibaldi F, Ghio F, Jodice M,
Urciuoli GM;                                     Fusion Technol. 21 (1992) 60.
"Neutron and tritium evidence in the electrolytic reduction of deuterium on
palladium electrodes".
** A FPH reenactment, using 10 cells and lasting 3 months, was carried out.
All 10 cells were placed in the same water bath and shared the same current.
A neutron detector was placed in the centre, and gamma detectors outside the
ring. Tritium was measured in the recombined evolved gases. One of the 10
cells contained an H2O solution instead of D2O. Pd electrodes were gas (D2 or
H2) charged prior to electrolysis. Current densities were changed according to
a program suggested by a Texas A&M result, up to 500 mA/cm**2, and there is
a correlation between neutron emission and current density, with a threshold
at about 320 mA/cm**2. Also, 3 cells out of the 9 showed tritium in excess of
enrichment, at the same currents as produced neutrons. Some anomalous thermal
effects were found but are in doubt. No gamma emissions were found. The
authors conclude that more work is needed.                       Apr-91/Jan-92
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Jin S-X, Ding Y-B, Wu B-L, Liu Y-Z, Yao D-C; Science in China A 34 (1991) 697.
"The possibilities of electrochemically induced nuclear fusion of deuterium".
** (That should read "possibility"). The authors examine the FPH and Jones+
papers, propose some possible mechanisms and calculate fusion rates. The
deuterium ions in the Pd lattice form a strongly coupled plasma, which can
enhance fusion rates by screening effects, as has been found by others. One
possible mechanism is thermal motion and d-d collisions. This does not lead to
observable effects, except at temperatures above the melting point of Pd. The
other possible mechanism is the formation and fusion of D2 molecules; this,
too, leads to insufficient rates except at impractical loadings (around some
1000's). Therefore, if there is any cold fusion, it must be produced by some
other process, perhaps a nonequilibrium phenomenon causing high local
densities or energies.                                           Jun-89/Jun-91
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Mayer FJ, Reitz JR;                              Fusion Technol. 21 (1992) 95.
"Response to 'Comments on "Nuclear energy release in metals"'".
** Answer to Bryan and Gibson's polemic (FT 21 (1992) 95) denying the validity
of M&R's claim for nuclear reactions between deuterium and Pd, leading to
changes in Pd isotope distribution. M & R agree that the evidence for such
changes is not there, but insist that their hydron theory of cold fusion fits
the facts.                                                       Aug-91/Jan-92
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Mills RL;                                        Fusion Technol. 21 (1992) 96.
"Reply to 'Comments on "Excess heat production by the electrolysis of an
aqueous potassium carbonate electrolyte and the implications for cold
fusion"'".
** Reponse to a polemic by Mayer (FT 20 (1991) 511), who doubts Mills and
Kneizys's report; Mills shows that electrolyte conductivity changes due to
natural K isotopes are irrelevant. He concludes that, although quantum
mechanics is indeed, as Mayer notes, firmly entrenched, this does leave room
for new ideas such as his; experimental results rule.            Sep-91/Jan-92
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Quick JE, Hinkley TK, Reimer GM, Hedge CE;
Phys. Earth Planet. Interior 69 (1991) 132.
"Tritium concentrations in the active Pu'u O'o crater, Kilauea volcano,
Hawaii: implications for cold fusion in the Earth's interior".
** Cold fusion might be an important planetary heating mechanism, if it takes
place. (3)He and T out of volcanoes might be indicators of such fusion, with T
being the more definite. To avoid contamination by man-made sources (bomb test
fallout etc), the study focussed on the Pu'u O'o crater, where there is large
release of magmatic water. Comparisons with rainwater and similar controls
reveal no extra tritium emissions from the volcano, in fact, in-crater levels
were lower than those for rain.                                  Jan-91/Nov-91
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Tian ZQ;                                         Fusion Technol. 21 (1992) 92.
"A proposal for a cold fusion study in the Ti/D system".
** Three conditions are required for cold fusion to take place: (1) a high
deuterium loading; (2) triggering the system to a nonequilibrium state and (3)
capturing the reaction products to sufficient sensitivity. Point (2) is often
overlooked, says the author. The most promising system is the Ti/D system. The
use of a special electrolysis method would ensure high loading, and triggering
might be done by passing a high current through the sample. Electrolysis can,
for example, be carried out at low temperatures in methanol or other
nonaqueous electrolytes. Surface treatment, to control oxide layers, is also
important.                                                       Jun-91/Jan-92
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Uhm HS, Lee WM;                                  Fusion Technol. 21 (1992) 75.
"High concentration of deuterium in palladium".
** A high ratio D/Pd is required for solid state fusion, say the authors, as
well as being interesting for other electrochemical studies. At beyond 1, the
substance PdD2 forms, with a d-d distance of only 0.94 A. New schemes for high
loading are presented here. One is plasma ion implantation into a Pd rod
coated with a diffusion-barrier layer. Parameters are found for which large
loadings are possible. The other scheme is the use of a temperature gradient,
with the D-loaded Pd rod placed into a snugly fitting steel tube; a portion of
the Pd is heated, which leads to high concentrations in some regions. Both
proposed techniques can increase the D/Pd ration to several times the usually
obtained values.                                                 Jul-91/Jan-92
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Zhang W-X;                                       Fusion Technol. 21 (1992) 82.
"Possibility of phase transitions inducing cold fusion in palladium/deuterium
systems".
** The authors believe that cold fusion is a real phenomenon, and propose a
mechanism for it. There are two possibilities: (1) localised energy
concentrations, giving small numbers of deuterons in the Pd lattice an energy
of some 100 eV and thus enabling low-efficiency fusion; (2) muon catalysis.
The latter does not agree with observations, so the local-energy mechanism
must be responsible. In this paper, it is suggested that local transitions
from the beta phase to a mixture of alpha- and beta- produce very high local
stresses and thus cracks, which induce fusion. This leads to some of the
observations, such as long charging times before something happens, irregular
neutron emission, deactivation of the Pd samples, poor reproducibility, and
the fact that the effect appears only in Pd and Ti.              Apr-91/Jan-92
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3. Patents
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4. Commentary
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Taylor CA;                                      Commun. Monogr. 58 (1991) 402.
"Defining the scientific community: A rhetorical perspective on demarcation".
** A scholarly paper by a science sociologist/philosopher on how science
defines its borders; cold fusion is used as a case study. The idea is
propagated here, that Big Science, i.e. hot fusion, felt itself under attack
and reacted. Reaction focussed on the errors committed by cold fusion
researchers, and on the lack of universality (reproducibility), a clear
criterion for the demarcation of what is science from what is not.    ?/Dec-91
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5. Papers peripheral to cold fusion
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Dieter Britz alias britz@kemi.aau.dk
Kemisk Institut, Aarhus Universitet, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
Telephone: +45-86124633 (8:30-16:00 weekdays); fax: +45-86196199
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