HDTenEightyP/NetNews huggingface dataset:
From: ralphs@halcyon.com (Ralph Sims)
Subject: Re: Shell locks up in 1.65
Organization: Northwest Nexus Inc. (206) 455-3505
Date: Sat, 21 Nov 1992 20:01:55 GMT

roy%cybrspc@cs.umn.edu (Roy M. Silvernail) writes:

>grab stuff he needs.  Once in a great while, Waffle would lock up when
>he or I would shell to DOS.

>Repeatable symptom:  The lockup occurs in the middle of typing a
>command, and is usually accompanied by a garbage character or two.

>Anyone have any ideas?  I get the feeling that it might be ANSI-related,
>but why didn't things lock up before the new disc?

IDE drive?  You might trying throwing in a wait state to see if
that clears it.  Disk cache?  Try enabling staged writes.  As
usual, one change at a time.  Take out ANSI!

>On a related note, has anyone ever seen source for CTTY or its
>equivalent?  I think it's time to explore writing a FOSSIL-aware CTTY
>command.

Poke around for GATEWAY, a CTTY-replacement that's fossil-aware.
Also, DOORWAY can help as a DOS gateway.
From: mgallagh@enigma1.COM (Mike Gallagher)
Newsgroups: comp.bbs.waffle
Subject: Waffle w/Unix & hi-speed modems
Date: Fri, 20 Nov 92 13:46:18 EST
Distribution: world
Organization: Enigma Research Global

I am interested in setting up Waffle under a Unix system, but with 
trying to match hard/soft-ware compatibilities, it can be  long task.

For example, can Waffle work under Concensus Unix? Is anyone running it
under Linux? 

To run multi-line, an intelligent multi-port serial board would be
required. Has anyone experience with Waffle in multi-line?

Just checking it out under DOS, Waffle definitely appears a superior 
product. But matching it was hardware & software is a slight trick. I
really don't want to find out as I'm installing it that it won't like
so-&-such. 

For example, many hi-speed modems may be Hayse-compatible, but most 
14.4k's add extra features. Before they flash CONNECT xxxx, they also
report such things as CARRIER xxxx. Shutting those msgs off usally shuts
off CONNECT msg as well. I suppose with Unix-install, I'd obviously need
the Sources [& would want them anyway], so I guess I could just add in
recognition for those msgs. 

But I guess what I'm asking for other Unix-Waffle users' experiences.

        -Mike
From: rettberg@geo.ol.ni.schule.de (Horst Rettberg)
Newsgroups: comp.bbs.waffle
Subject: External Editors - Problems under Novell
Date: Mon, 16 Nov 92 21:29:12 CEST
Organization: Gymnasium Eversten Oldenburg (PLUTO-Projekt Uni-Oldenburg) Germany

Hi,
I installed successfully waffle under NOVELL 3.11. But now a new 
problem happens: my old editor QEDVXX called quedit whon't work.
Any path is correctly set and every access right is given. I don't know 
what to do. 
Are there any other remote editors working fine with WAFFLE?

Hope anyone can help me...

Bye (moin) Horst


>   >  > >>-------------------------------------------------------<< <  <   <
>	     Horst Rettberg, Hundsmuehler Str. 176a, D-2900 Oldenburg       <
>	     Tel.: 0441/504199 (priv.), 0441/53775 (dienstl.)               <
>            E-Mail: Rettberg@geo.ol.ni.schule.de                           <
>   >  > >>-------------------------------------------------------<< <  <   <
From: kjhoule@iowegia.uucp (Kevin Houle)
Newsgroups: comp.bbs.waffle
Subject: Re: News/mail reader
Date: Mon, 23 Nov 92 17:58:02 CST
Distribution: world
Organization: Iowegia Public Access Usenet/UUCP, Clive IA USA.

chorn@eastwind.mcds.com (Christopher Horn) writes:

> Suppose that the files are not sorted by time/date, only resequenced.
> (Renumbered might be a better term)
> 
>       Before resequence : 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
>       Dupes killed      : 1, 2, 4, 5
>       After resequence  : 1, 2, 3, 4
> 
> No join files are out of sync. I think this is what Kevin meant.

Exactally.

> You seem to be thinking they are numbered from 1 up, which is not really
> the case. Take the lowest numbered file in the directory as the base.
> 
>      Before unbatching : 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
>      After resequence  : 2, 3, 4, 5, 6   (as per the expire one, add one)
> 
> This works because the lowest numbered files are also the oldest and should
> be the first removed by an expire program (assuming my understanding of how
> expire programs expire news...)

Yup, yup.

> Yes and no. Simple to do, and users don't wonder why articles jump from
> 1856 to 1858, etc.. But, bad because :
> 
>    1. The INITIAL kill dupes, resequence will screw up the pointers
>       no matter what you do. So the first time penalty is high if you
>       have many users.
>    2. You have to kill dupes, batch for downstream sites, and then
>       do the resequence seperately for it to work right.
> 
> Also note for it to work right when getting news from multiple sites,
> you have to search the article list from the oldest to the newest. If
> you kill the dupe that is older, a user may have read it, and when
> resequencing will mess up their join file.

Yeah, I knew about the initial run.. but the trade off for me was having
a couple of directory trees full of duplicates. The good outweighed the
bad. My batching has worked fine.. I guess I don't see the problem
there..

--
Kevin Houle     kjhoule@iowegia.uucp
From: eoin@xocolatl.com (John F. Snyder)
Newsgroups: comp.bbs.waffle
Subject: Re: Posting to A Local Board From A Newsgroup
Date: Mon, 16 Nov 92 14:23:03 PST
Reply-To: eoin@xocolatl.com
Organization: Amethyst Systems, Fremont, CA

steve@jack.sns.com (J. Steven Harrison) writes:

-> Sorry, I guess I wasn't clear enough. I want mail from the outside world to
-> come into waffle and get posted to one of Waffle's Boards.

RTFM!

~/aliases
alias | post local.newsgroup



 eoin@xocolatl.com  |      Practice Random Kindness   /~~~~~~~~~~~~~\  /
 GEnie: J.Snyder18  |  *             and             <  D A R W I N  >< 
 CI$:   70313,3111  | \|/  Senseless Acts of Beauty   \_____________/  \
 Prodigy:  NOT!!!!  |           PGP 2.0 User            _l _l _l _l
From: dawson@willard.UUCP
Newsgroups: comp.bbs.waffle
Subject: Re: News/mail reader
Date: Thu, 19 Nov 92 21:09:46 EST
Organization: Willard's House BBS, Atlanta, GA -- +1 (404) 664 8814

fenner@postscript.cs.psu.edu (Bill Fenner) writes:

> In article <1992Nov17.150618.21522@morpheus.bssi.bls.com> dawson@morpheus.bss
> |The proper solution to the join file reset problem is to fix Waffle!  What
> |ought to occur, on the occasion that a user's join file indicates an article
> |higher than is available, is that Waffle ought to reset the join file line
> |to the highest numbered article in the group, such that that article is
> |lower-numbered than the previous entry in the join file.
> 
> So when you delete all the messages in a newsgroup, and 100 articles come
> in, you think that the person who had read up to 1032 should have his JOIN
> pointer set to 100, so that he misses 99 new articles?  Or 0, so he gets to
> read all 100 new messages?...
> 
>   Bill

Hmmm.. I must admit, I seem to have leapt in (as fools so often do).

Suppose Waffle/expire were to mark a <status> file indicating the date/time
for which article 1 was written to a directory.  If the newsreader program
were to check the contents of such a file, the reader would know whether to
reset its indicator back to 0 prior to reading... but that's not what rn or
new or nwreader or.. do, is it?  Neither is it what any of the expiration
programs do, is it?  Certainly, it's not what Waffle does... but it might
work, eh?  If that was the method, then resetting back to the highest
numbered message would work, I believe.

-- 
dawson@willard.UUCP (Willard Dawson)
gatech!vdbsan!willard!dawson
emory!slammer!willard!dawson
Willard's House BBS, Atlanta, GA -- +1 (404) 664 8814
From: mvdl@et.tudelft.nl
Newsgroups: comp.bbs.waffle
Subject: X.400 protocol in waffle ?
Date: 16 Nov 92 20:21:41 GMT
Organization: TU-Delft, dpt of Electrical Engineering


To all involved in the development of waffle:

Will waffle be supporting the X.400 adress-protocol ?

Michel.
From: dalew@twiki.UUCP (Dale Weber)
Newsgroups: comp.bbs.waffle
Subject: Re: How to use com3 & irq5 ?
Date: 18 Nov 92 07:10:24 GMT
Article-I.D.: twiki.24aFuB1w165w
Organization: Wafflemania Unlimited - Portland, OR USA

mvdl@et.tudelft.nl writes:

> DEVICE=X00.SYS 2=3E8,5
> 
> This will assume that port 2 (=COM3) is at hexadecimal adress 3E8 and will us
> IRQ-line 5. You can assign almost any portnumber to the adress. Remember:
> PORT(n)=COM(n+1) !

  Yes, but it doesn't *have* to have to.  You can specify *any* address and
IRQ combination, but of course it has to match the actual hardware setup.
Some com cards don't even use the generally accepted addressses for COM3
and COM4 (and I have one that uses 2E0 for COM4).  I just used the correct
address and IRQ like: 4=2e0,5 and it worked just fine.

> BTW: the 'E' parameter won;t work when u r using other paramters too.. So the
> loading will take 3 seconds longer...

  Sure it will, but you have to specify it before any other parameters on
the command line.  ;-) ;-)

> Well, it should work.. Telling Waffle to use com3 should work now... BTW: it 
> all in de Doc's: X00USER.DOC.... RTFM!

  It worked here, even with non-standard port addresses.  ;-)

--
Internet: dalew@pdx.com  (Waffle Beta Site)  [  HST  ]  P r a i s e   t h e
Home BBS: +1(503)335-9600 at 2400 - 9600 Bps [v.32bis]        L o r d !
Newsgroups: comp.bbs.waffle
From: fenner@postscript.cs.psu.edu (Bill Fenner)
Subject: Re: Wafmail choking on mailing list headers.
Keywords: wafmail mailing list date header
Organization: Penn State Computer Science
Date: Thu, 19 Nov 1992 06:24:51 GMT

In article <BeweuB1w165w@pension.uucp> grettir@pension.uucp (Grettir Asmundarson) writes:
|Short of rewriting the offending code in WaflineMail (which I
|couldn't do anyway) or getting every offending system to change its
|mail header format, is there any way to solve this problem?

Nope.  The date parser in WaflineMail is extremely inflexible, and will
go off into la-la-land if you give it a date that it can't parse.  The
solution is probably to get the source and fix the date parser.  If you
can't do that, find someone who can and get them to do it for you.

  Bill
From: jerryg@jaiser.uucp (Jerry Gaiser)
Newsgroups: comp.bbs.waffle
Subject: Re: HELP! Wafmail batch files
Date: 23 Nov 92 16:08:22 GMT
Article-I.D.: jaiser.Nc0ouB1w165w
Organization: Jerry's Attic - Gaston, OR

rat@ruth.UUCP (David Douthitt) writes:

> spooge@sizone.UUCP (Cyberpolka On Da Jeep) writes:
> 
> | spooge@sizone.UUCP (Cyberpolka On Da Jeep) writes:
> | 
> | > I have a problem with Wafmail.
> 
> | I figured out a few things, but it would seem that no one here cares
> | about WAFMAIL.
> 
> I would disagree with that statement!
> 
> I once considered writing a QWK offline reader for Waffle, but was told that
> WafMail v3.0 would be out Real Soon Now and I shouldn't waste my time.
> 
> WafMail v1.0 is a known Bug Haven and probably ought to be avoided, I suspect
> 
I too would like to see a decent QWK reader. I've tried and eventually 
given up trying to get WafMail 1.0 to install and run. I know I will have 
folks that will be interested in using an offline reader.

--
Jerry Gaiser                                      1-503-359-4017 (voice)
Usenet:  jerryg@jaiser.UUCP                       1-503-359-5111 (data) 
Fidonet: 1:105/380          
PBBS:    n7pwf@n7pwf.or.usa.na
From: dawson@willard.UUCP
Newsgroups: comp.bbs.waffle
Subject: Re: Cannot Tango - Reason RLOGIN
Date: Mon, 23 Nov 92 07:39:24 EST
Organization: Willard's House BBS, Atlanta, GA -- +1 (404) 664 8814

johnr@mik.uky.edu (John S. Roberts, Jr.) writes:

> What do I need to do, or tell the system administarator of my host system to 
> do.
> 
> Thanks!
> 
> John
> 
> --
> -=+ John S. Roberts, Jr.        Office: 100 McVey Hall +=-
> -=+ Communications Consultant    Phone: (606) 257-2275 +=-
> -=+ University of Kentucky        Home: (606) 272-1417 +=-
> -=+ Computing Center            Ham: KD4UBM    DoD:727 +=-
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
<From the uucp-internals FAQ by Ian Taylor...>

Archive-name: uucp-internals
Version: $Revision: 1.8 $
Last-modified: $Date: 1992/08/20 03:08:06 $

 This article was written by Ian Lance Taylor <ian@airs.com> and I may
 even update it periodically.  Please send me mail about suggestions
 or inaccuracies.

 This article describes how the various UUCP protocols work, and
 discusses some other internal UUCP issues.  It does not describe how
 to configure UUCP, nor how to solve UUCP connection problems, nor how
 to deal with UUCP mail.  There are currently no FAQ postings on any
 of these topics, and I do not plan to write any.

 If you haven't read the news.announce.newusers articles, read them.

 This article is in digest format.  Some newsreaders will be able to
 break it apart into separate articles.  Please don't ask me how to do
 this, though.

 This article answers the following questions.  If one of these
 questions is posted to comp.mail.uucp, please send mail to the poster
 referring her or him to this FAQ.  There is no reason to post a
 followup, as most of us know the answer already.

Sources
What does "alarm" mean in debugging output?
What are UUCP grades?
What is the format of a UUCP lock file?
What is the format of a UUCP X.* files?
What is the UUCP protocol?
What is the 'g' protocol?
What is the 'f' protocol?
What is the 't' protocol?
What is the 'e' protocol?
What is the 'G' protocol?
What is the 'x' protocol?
What is the 'd' protocol?
What is the 'h' protocol?
Thanks

----------------------------------------------------------------------

etc. etc. etc. etc. etc. etc. etc. etc. etc. etc. etc. etc. etc. etc. 

        RLOGIN
            The calling UUCP is using the wrong login name.

-- 
dawson@willard.UUCP (Willard Dawson)
gatech!vdbsan!willard!dawson
emory!slammer!willard!dawson
Willard's House BBS, Atlanta, GA -- +1 (404) 664 8814
From: zeta%tcscs@idss.nwa.com (Gregory Youngblood)
Newsgroups: comp.bbs.waffle
Subject: Re: News/mail reader
Date: Tue, 17 Nov 92 09:07:32 CST
Reply-To: srcsip!tcscs!zeta
Organization: TCS Consulting Services

eoin@xocolatl.com (John F. Snyder) writes:

> dawson@willard.UUCP writes:
> 
> -> If anyone wishes to receive the latest, greatest, most up-to-date version,
> <<of WafHist>>
> -> drop me a reply.  It's kinda big:
> 
> Kind of tough to do...
> 
> > From: MAILER-DAEMON@Pa.dec.com (Mail Delivery Subsystem)
> > Subject: Returned mail: Host unknown
> > 
> >    ----- Transcript of session follows -----
> > bad system name: cs.utexas.edu
> > uux failed. code 68
> > 554 <dawson@willard.uucp>... 550 Host unknown 
> >                      (No such domain (authoritative answer))
> 
> Would you mind putting a *working* bang path in your sig?  
> So that when your %^$%#$% .UUCP address bounces, we can get in
> contact with you anyway.

I just got it from the Path the news message travelled to get to my site.

works fine.. 



.-=-.-=-.-=-.-=-.-=-.-=-.-=-.-=-.-=-.-=-.-=-.-=-.-=-.-=-.-=-.-=-.-=-.-=-.-=-.
.   TCS Consulting Services   P.O. Box 600008   St. Paul, MN  55106-0008    .
.   ..!srcsip!tcscs!zeta                 ..!src.honeywell.com!tcscs!zeta    .
.   zeta%tcscs@idss.nwa.com                      tcscs!zeta@idss.nwa.com    .
.-=-.-=-.-=-.-=-.-=-.-=-.-=-.-=-.-=-.-=-.-=-.-=-.-=-.-=-.-=-.-=-.-=-.-=-.-=-.
From: tcbowden@clovis.felton.ca.us (Timothy Bowden)
Newsgroups: comp.bbs.waffle
Subject: Re: UUCP mail processing ethics
Date: Wed, 18 Nov 92 12:16:17 PST
Organization: Yucca Flats II in Felton, CA

bob@1776.COM (Robert Coe) writes:

> Does anybody but me think there may be a privacy issue here?  It's clearly an
> ethical principle of UUCP site operation that the sysop will not read messa-
> ges passing through the site.
 
One of the interesting notes from my days with FidoNet was how this
standard was not generally recognized there.  In a forum on one of
the Fido <> uucp gates, the subject was traffic, and one gatemeister
proceeded to assess the volume of mail running through his system,
detailing while he was at it the contents!  When I noted that as
remarkable, he and a buddy were quick to come back with the standard
horror stories about equipment confiscated during hacker/kiddieporn
busts.

Not a single other voice was raised in objection.

I'm not in Fido anymore, but I think there should be concern for 
those who must use it.  Of course, the major privacy factor with
that network is that mail is generally lost anyway...


=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=
tcbowden@clovis.felton.ca.us - 
uunet!scruz.ucsc.EDU!clovis.felton.ca.us!%A
-Join NERDNOSH, a happy gathering of storytellers
nerdnosh-request@scruz.ucsc.edu
+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+
From: steveh@grafex.Cupertino.CA.US (Steve Harding KA6ETB)
Newsgroups: comp.bbs.waffle,sbay.waffle
Subject: Fun with MS Windows
Date: Sun, 15 Nov 92 16:16:55 PST
Distribution: sbay
Organization: The GRAFex Company

I found an interesting thing quite by accident.

Waffle was merrily chugging along with a uuxqt job, when I
inadvertently started uuxqt in another window.

It appeared that the two windows leapfrogged each other whilst
unbatching.  It was fun to watch...for awhile.  When they both tried
to open the same batch, things got crazy.

One would expect the system to lock up.  It didn't.  I lost my Windows
desktop; the monitor reverted to the most colorful 80x25 display.
Colorful little ASCII characters were all over the place...except for
line 25.  One of the uuxqt windows was still perking along at the
bottom of the screen.

Whenever it got to the end of a batch, it'd stop.  Pressing ^C would
send it off with the next batch.

Needless to say, once the unbatching was complete, I gave it the
3-finger salute, and vowed to myself to be more careful.

Ain't computers fun?

steve

-- 
play:steveh@grafex.Cupertino.CA.US 408.252.0578     work:harding@nas.nasa.gov
              A prince trapped in the body of a dirty old man.
From: Bob Van Cleef <revc@Garg.Campbell.CA.US>
Newsgroups: comp.bbs.waffle,sbay.waffle
Subject: Re: Fun with OS/2 2.0 (was Fun with MS Windows)
Date: Mon, 16 Nov 92 19:40:27 PST
Distribution: sbay
Organization: The Land of Garg


Steve;

I've been getting two copies of your posts: one from GRAFex, and
one from ub-gate. I do not know if it was caused by your cross
posting or what, but I thought you would find it interesting. <g>

Bob

><>  ><>  ><>  ><>  ><>  ><>     \|/     <><  <><  <><  <><  <><  <><
Bob Van Cleef                    -0-        revc@garg.Campbell.CA.US
The Land of Garg BBS             /|\               BBS (408) 378-5108
><>  ><>  ><>  ><>  ><>  ><>      |      <><  <><  <><  <><  <><  <><
From: psyline@psyline.nl (Theo Bogels)
Newsgroups: comp.bbs.waffle
Subject: Re: FIDO gateway!!!
Date: Wed, 18 Nov 92 17:33:18 GMT
Distribution: world
Organization: PsyLine * Nijmegen * The Netherlands.

dalew@twiki.UUCP (Dale Weber) writes:

>   Yes, but only if you run a single BBS package behind your mailer.  My
> setup is a bit more complex than this.  I run a BBS switcher called Option
> behind my mailer (either BT or FD).  From the switcher, users have four
> different selections that run different software.  When a user leaves one
> package, they go back to Option where they can select another until they
> decide to say BYE and leave totally.
> 
> > Not necessary....
> 
Dale,
I canNOT freq OPTION with you at 1:105/55; though I do get CONNECT 14400, 
carrier is lost almost immediately. Do you use a Mailserver?
**The

|=============================================================|
| Drs. Theo J.P.M. Bogels    /   e-mail :  psyline@psyline.nl |
| P.O. Box 38036             \             thbpsy@psyline.nl  |
| 6503 AA Nijmegen           /   FidoNet:  2:500/276          |
| The Netherlands            \   DialUp :  +31-80-430194      |
|=============================================================|
From: elrond@freeside.com (SysAdmin)
Newsgroups: comp.bbs.waffle
Subject: Re: WafHist, bang-paths to willard
Date: Wed, 18 Nov 92 09:59:56 -0600
Organization: Rivendell BBS / Hou, TX. / +1 713 941 2236

In <q2qeuB3w165w@willard.UUCP> dawson@willard.UUCP writes:

>How's this for a sig with bang-path info?

>-- 
>dawson@willard.UUCP (Willard Dawson)
>{gatech,emory}!willard!dawson
>Willard's House BBS, Atlanta, GA -- +1 (404) 664 8814


How about following refrence-book standards like this...

	[gatech|emory]!willard!dawson


-- 
+-------------------------+---------------------+-------------------------+
| God is Real...          | elrond@freeside.com | Pull up a dick and have |
| Unless declared integer |  Stephen L. Palmer  | a seat.         (Chong) |
+-------------------------+---------------------+-------------------------+
Newsgroups: comp.bbs.waffle
From: fenner@postscript.cs.psu.edu (Bill Fenner)
Subject: Re: Worldblazer Configuration
Organization: Penn State Computer Science
Date: Thu, 19 Nov 1992 06:33:01 GMT

In article <4cBFuB2w165w@twiki.UUCP> dalew@twiki.UUCP (Dale Weber) writes:
|Ralph Sims <ralphs@remote.halcyon.com> writes:
|> (note: TURN COMPRESSION OFF WITH UUCICO).
|
|  I see upwards of 1200 - 1300 cps here using v.32bis and don't turn
|anything except MNP 5 off.

Just a data point -- I was seeing about 1300cps using the ZyXEL 16.8k
(bidirectional) protocol and v.42/v.42bis .  When I disabled v.42bis,
I started getting more like 1600cps.  This is g(7,64) to a medium-loaded
Sun 4/490.  The suggestion to disable v.42bis was made by another local
UUCP site who has a USR dual standard, he said he was getting much better
throughput with v.42bis turned off as well.

  Bill
From: system@korova.freeside.com (razorback)
Newsgroups: comp.bbs.waffle
Subject: Re: Cookies don't work at all (was Re: Silly
Date: Thu, 19 Nov 92 18:35:57 CST
Organization: VHF void tube of the mind (713) 492-2783

fenner@postscript.cs.psu.edu (Bill Fenner) writes:
> Well, the first entry in the cookies and zippy files is always a comment,
> so if all you have is the line you quoted, you'll never get anything.  Add
> more entries and see what you get.

ok, trying that.

**************************************************************************
        the official "i CANT BELIEVE its not a REAL POLITICIAN!!"
                                headquarters
me@korova.rivdell.com   *this human form/where i was born/i now repent*
From: gwp@dithots.Gwinnett.COM (George W. Pogue)
Newsgroups: comp.bbs.waffle
Subject: Latest UUDECODE/UUENCODE
Keywords: UUDECODE UUENCODE
Date: 19 Nov 92 16:28:37 GMT
Reply-To: gwp@dithots.Gwinnett.COM (George W. Pogue)
Organization: Deep In The Heart Of The South!


  Could someone please EMAIL me the latest versions of these utilities. I 
  would suspect that the current versions I have would be able to decode
  the uuencoded email of the latest versions. Or maybe this is a pipe dream.
  In any event, the versions I have are 4.13 and have a 1990 date on them. 
  There are no real useful options on these. 

  bill

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 gwp@dithots.Gwinnett.COM (George W. Pogue)   Opinions and Comments are My Own!
 Deep In The Heart Of The South!     
 System Calls: 710   System Posts: 300    Waffle Version: 1.65
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------