From: zamie@zamiepcSanDiego.NCR.com (Zamie Mehraz)
Subject: Re: Iranian Calendar (Gah-Nameh)
Reply-To: zamie@zamiepcSanDiego.NCR.com (Zamie Mehraz)
Organization: NCR Engineering and Manufacturing, San Diego, CA
Date: Mon, 25 Jan 1993 23:55:33 GMT

Kheyli - Khoob.  Baseh Degeh!  Abroo Reezi Degeh Nakoon!

Doostan, a little technical difficulties.  Me-Bakhshid.  

A little research on Persian Calendar (Gah-Nameh Khorshidi):


- Shah Jamshid (Shah Pishdadi some 9000 years ago) was a man who was in
fond ofmedicine and astonomy.  He was the first one who developed very
primitive telescope ("Ostor-Laab" in Farsi) and did the calculation and
suprisingly with not that much error.  He divided a year into two
seasons, summer and winter with 365 days and the beginning base was the
first day of summer of those days (Spring for us today), and that is
"New-Rouz" today.

- This calendar was being used until (guess who?) invaded to Persia.
Yes, indeed!  Arabs started to push their handicapped calendar which was
based on the rotation of moon around earth (Ghamari or lunar calendar)
to us and succeeded until 1079 A.C.

- In 1079, "Sultan Jalal-o-Din Malek-Shah Seljugi" ordered to revise the
calendar system.  He asked 8 outstanding astonomers and mathematicians
of the time gathered and do the following investigation.  "Omar Khayyam
Ney-Shapuri" and "Abul-Mozafar Esfrazi" where the leaders of this
investigation group.  Khayyam's group came with the conclusion of 365
days and 6 hours, where they decided to accumulate 4 of the last 6 hours
every four years and add a day to that year (leap year or "Sal Kabiseh"
in Arabic).

-  Interesting to say that according to Dr. Sartin author of the book
"History of the Science", asserted with proof that Khayyam's calendar
had an error of 1 hour every 500 years. This number is 1 hour in 138
years in Georgian calendar. Also, the reason for the base was also due
to the fanatic believes of people toward Islam, Malik Shah ordered to
set the base this calendar according to the migrate of Mohamed from
Mecca to Medina.  This way, politically he could convienced people to
accept this calendar with no oppostions from fanatic groups

-  The name Jalali also came after "Jalal-o-Din Malik-Shah"

-  Soon after, the lunar calendar was replaced and for 12 centuries this
calendar was being used in Iran until recently.  Reza Shah ordered to
pull this calendar out the shelf and start using it in Iran.


Ostaad Ferdowsi Mefarmayand:


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Rooz Hamagi Khoosh
Newsgroups: soc.culture.iranian,talk.politics.mideast