HDTenEightyP/NetNews huggingface dataset:
From: phfrom@nyx.uni-konstanz.de (Hartmut Frommert)
Newsgroups: sci.astro.hubble
Subject: Re: How many stars in M87?
Date: 3 Sep 1992 16:49:52 GMT
Organization: Dept. of Physics, University of Constance
Originator: uk1@spacsun.rice.edu

Rune.Johansen@nta.no (Rune Henning Johansen FBA) writes:

>In an article translated from English to Norwegian it was mentioned
>that Hubble took some pictures of the galaxy M87. According to the
>article this galaxy consists of two "billoner" stars. Since a
>Norwegian "billion" is thousand times greater than an English
>"billion" I wonder if there might be a translation error. So my
>question is simply: How many stars is there in M87?

Surely some few trillions (English). Can someone post a more acurate value ?
--
 Hartmut Frommert, Physics, Univ of Constance, | + Whale killing is murder. +
 P.O.Box 55 60, D-W-7750 Konstanz, Germany | + Eat whale killers, not whales.
 E-Mail: <phfrom@dknkurz1.bitnet> or <phfrom@nyx.uni-konstanz.de>
+    "Windows NoT" expands in German to "Windows Noch Teurer"
+                                                ^even   ^more expensive
From: Rune.Johansen@nta.no (Rune Henning Johansen FBA)
Newsgroups: sci.astro.hubble
Subject: How many stars in M87?
Date: 2 Sep 1992 20:07:32 GMT
Organization: Norwegian Telecom Research
Originator: uk1@spacsun.rice.edu

In an article translated from English to Norwegian it was mentioned
that Hubble took some pictures of the galaxy M87. According to the
article this galaxy consists of two "billoner" stars. Since a
Norwegian "billion" is thousand times greater than an English
"billion" I wonder if there might be a translation error. So my
question is simply: How many stars is there in M87?

 - Rune
From: dirk@spacsun.rice.edu (Dirk Valk)
Newsgroups: sci.astro.hubble
Subject: Re: How many stars in M87?
Date: 3 Sep 1992 16:54:24 GMT
Organization: Rice University
Originator: uk1@spacsun.rice.edu

Rune.Johansen@nta.no (Rune Henning Johansen FBA) writes:
> So my > question is simply: How many stars is there in M87?

According to K. Lang's Astrophysical Formulae_, the galaxy M87 (NGC 4486)
has a total mass of 2.1e12 Mo -- 2 trillion solar masses.  The mass of a
galaxy will be divided into some portion of stellar mass, and some portion
of gas-and-dust mass, but this number basically says that there are 'on the
order of a trillion' stars in M87.

-- 
: Dirk Valk             | In order for evil to triumph, it is sufficient 
: Rice University       | that good men do nothing.  
: dirk@spacsun.rice.edu |
: Space Physics & Astro.| 		DEFEND YOUR RIGHTS
From: mcdonald@aries.scs.uiuc.edu (J. D. McDonald)
Subject: Re: condensation inside a SCT
Organization: UIUC SCS
Date: Tue, 1 Sep 1992 00:42:16 GMT

In article <1992Aug31.204833.21748@linus.mitre.org> chaloux@mandolin.mitre.org (Dave Chaloux) writes:

>All this talk about hot air, cold air, and sealing the air in a SCT
>resurfaces a question I have wondered about from time to time. I had come >
>to the conclusion based>on such thinking that there must be some venting of 
>the inside to the outside>either intentional or due to loose tolerances.

At least on Meade scopes there is intentional venting. There are
a couple of gaps in the mounting of the corrector plate.

Doug McDonald 
Newsgroups: sci.astro
From: cecil@physics.unc.edu (Gerald Cecil)
Subject: Re: Fireball over The Netherlands Wasn't
Reply-To: cecil@physics.unc.edu
Organization: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Date: Mon, 31 Aug 1992 13:32:13 GMT

In article 715246928@prles6b, munk@prl.philips.nl (Harm Munk) writes:
>On wednesday, August 19, seismic stations located in the northwestern part
>of the Netherlands registered an atmospheric shock wave, which, apparantly,
>was not related to any seismic activity .. but some kind
>of supersonic, military airplane breaking the sound barrier some ten miles west
>of the island of Texel. According to the KNMI, this is the only explanation left
>allthough it is an unsatisfactory one. ...
>The supposed sighting in the Netherlands was accompanied not only by sonic 
>booms (energetic enough to crack the front of a house somewhere in the province of
>Friesland) but some people reported seeing a flash of light as well. Was this
>also the case with the sightings in the US?
They probably saw a low-flying military aircraft with its afterburners on.  Maybe
it punched through a low-lying cloud deck on its way out.

>Rumours in the newspapers suggested that it was that highly
>secretive airplane that Lockeed is developing for the DoD: the two stage get
>to orbit plane (like DynaSoar and Saenger ?). Now, this plane has been sighted
>in the US a few times. ...
According to Aviation Week & Space Technology (aka AvLeak) this aircraft is an
SR 71 replacement developed by Lockheed Skunkworks.  Speeds estimated at 3500+ mph.
Definitely *not* a 2 stage to orbit plane. It has only been seen near the ground
dimly at night, and was described as `bat-like'' similar to the B2 airfoil. People
report a low frequency, growling noise of tremendous power at takeoff.  Daytime 
photos of peculiar corkscrew contrails that have been attributed to this aircraft
suggest an ``explosive'' or pulsed propulsion system, but the observers did not have
binoculars to see the plane itself (flying at high altitudes). AvLeak reports an
increasing number of daytime sightings like this, suggesting that the program is emerging from the so-called Black (i.e. non-itemized) DoD budget into full
Congressional scrutiny, presumably because the DoD has now sunk so much money into
it and distributed its contractors into so many Congressional districts that the
program is unkillable. Yet another multi-billion dollar aerospace program to
protect US airspace from the Bosnian airforce.

>And why was someone from Lockeed Space and Missiles Systems asking questions
>on the net about this event (;-)?
S/he was probably searching for a new job.
---
Gerald Cecil cecil@wrath.physics.unc.edu  919-962-7169 
Physics & Astronomy, U of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3255 USA
From: tonya@hpldsla.sid.hp.com (Tony Arnerich)
Newsgroups: sci.astro
Subject: Re: C8 Coma for astrophoto.
Date: 27 Aug 92 01:49:42 GMT
Organization: HP Scientific Instruments Division - Palo Alto, CA

benoit@netcom.com (BENOIT SCHILLINGS)  writes:

> I've started to use my C8 for prime focus astrophoto.
> The result look sharp at the center of the field but i'm
> surprised to see how important the coma is at the edge
> of the field !

Part of the problem in the image on film is field curvature, on
top of the coma of the Schmidt-Cassegrain design. If you focus
out part way from center you can optimize the focal surface over
a slightly larger area. The word is that the radius of curvature of
the focal surface of an 8" Schmidt-Cass is about the same as a
basketball. There certainly *is* coma off axis, but your results
on film may be partially fixable.

> Are there any coma corrector that would fix that without
> changing the f ratio ?

There are coma correctors designed for Newtonians of about f/4 to f/6
ratios, but they won't fix the focal curvature of a C8. They probably
would improve things, but might still not be very useful to you. Talk
to the folks at Lumicon, Celestron, and Meade for possible fixes.
From: x01233@phillip.edu.au
Newsgroups: sci.astro
Subject: Eqn for Sun rising & setting times?
Date: 27 Aug 92 18:50:48 GMT
Organization: RMIT (Bundoora Campus)

Hello. I was wondering if anyone knows of an equation for predicting sun 
rising and setting time.
I would also like an equation for determining the position of the sun's 
rising and setting relative to north.

I did have a look through the FAQ and could find nothing that fits the bill.
(I may have not understood some of it though ?:-/ ).

References to books would be fine (of course!).


Thanks for any help

Dale Stanbrough
RMIT
Melbourne Australia

dale@phillip.edu.au
Newsgroups: sci.astro
From: chaloux@accordion.mitre.org (Dave Chaloux)
Subject: Saturn Features
Reply-To: chaloux@accordion.mitre.org (Dave Chaloux)
Organization: The MITRE Corporation, McLean, Va
Date: Fri, 28 Aug 1992 15:15:07 GMT

I was observing Saturn again last night around midnight Aug 27th EDT
(about 0400 hours UT, Aug 28th). Had a nice view with various shadings
in the rings, at least 6 and possibly as many as 8 moons seen, and of
course the NTB. For the fun of it, I popped in a #15 yellow not really
expecting to see anything. To my surprise I immediately noticed a
lighter area N of the NTB on the Western side of the planet near where
the ring goes behind the planet. (It was equal to that extended
slightly N of that. A Deep red filter also showed it but not as
clearly. Two basic possibilities come to mind. 1) There is a white
spot in that location. This seems unlikely that far North and besides.
somebody else would probably have reported it. 2) It is possible that I
saw the highlight of the Sun on the planet. It would be on the Western
side of the planet as the rings are being shadowed to the E.

The affect was pretty subtle but definitely there. Can somebody else
verify what I saw? I made my observations at 200x and at 282x. Seeing
was pretty good but not great. Also, where would the highlight show
up on the disk? I know it would be on the Western side but at about
what latitude.

Thanks in advance.


Newsgroups: sci.astro,sci.optics,sci.physics,sci.electronics
From: clarke@acme.ucf.edu (Thomas Clarke)
Subject: Aero-Ektars Available
Organization: University of Central Florida
Date: Wed, 26 Aug 1992 13:53:55 GMT

Was exploring the local electronic surplus store the other day
and noticed they had a half-dozen or so Kodak Aero-Ektar
12" f.l., f/2.5 aerial camera lenses for sale.  They were
mounted with shutters and iris and seemed to be in good 
condition.  Price of $60 seemed very good.  I seem to recall
that these were designed to cover a 9 inch square plate.

No commerciial endorsement implied, but store is:
Skycraft Parts and Surplus Inc., 2245 Fairbanks Ave.
Winter Park, FL 32789m (407)628-5634.
I think they do mail order.

Applications:  astrophotography, fast telephoto, use in pairs 
for giant binoculars (I already have a pair of 18" f/3.5 
opaque projector lenses, or I'd be tempted) ...???

--
Thomas Clarke
Institute for Simulation and Training, University of Central FL
12424 Research Parkway, Suite 300, Orlando, FL 32826
(407)658-5030, FAX: (407)658-5059, clarke@acme.ucf.edu
Newsgroups: sci.astro
From: jmeritt@rod.mitre.org (Jim Meritt)
Subject: magellan: old news?
Originator: jmeritt@rod.mitre.org
Organization: The MITRE Corporation
Distribution: usa
Date: Thu, 27 Aug 1992 16:30:19 GMT


What's happening near venus now?  How far into the map did magellan get?


-- 
James W. Meritt:  m23364@mwunix.mitre.org - or - jmeritt@rod.mitre.org
The opinions above are mine.  If anyone else wants to share them, fine.
They may say so if they wish. The facts "belong" to noone and simply are.
Xref: sparky sci.astro:9386 sci.optics:922 sci.electronics:15118 rec.photo:15343 aus.photo:27
From: phantom@casbah.acns.nwu.edu (James Choi)
Newsgroups: sci.astro,sci.optics,sci.electronics,rec.photo,aus.photo
Subject: Controlling of auto-focuts lens
Date: 2 Sep 92 14:06:55 GMT
Organization: Northwestern University, Evanston Illinois.

I am working on a project that must control the focus of lens using
computer control.  I found out that some Cannon lens has motor built in.
Does anyone know the pin-out assigment so that I can control the motor
inside? 

Thank you in advance.

James Choi
From: mcdonald@aries.scs.uiuc.edu (J. D. McDonald)
Newsgroups: sci.astro
Subject: Re: Telescope question
Date: 4 Sep 92 20:58:21 GMT
Article-I.D.: aries.mcdonald.271
Organization: UIUC SCS

In article <1992Sep4.190206.4656@nsisrv.gsfc.nasa.gov> dsc@gemini.tmc.edu (Doug S. Caprette Bldg. 28 W191 x3892) writes:

>In article <mcdonald.266@aries.scs.uiuc.edu> mcdonald@aries.scs.uiuc.edu (J. D. McDonald) writes:
>>In article <168576E18.MEDELMA@cms.cc.wayne.edu> MEDELMA@cms.cc.wayne.edu (Michael Edelman) writes:
>>
>>
>>>It's
>>>certainly possible to build compound reflecting telescopes that outperform
>>>most achromats- cf Questar, for one. 
>>Not really. An 8 inch Questar would be inferior to an 8 inch Meade
>>or Celestron because of the dramatically worse chromatic aberration
>>in the Maksutov.
>>

>My understanding is that a spherical shell, is achromatic for the same reason
>that an ordinary window pane is achromatic--the two surfaces are parallel.
>Please comment further, Mr. (Dr.?) McDonald, I know from experience that
>you can justifiy your statement above.

I misspoke. The Maksutov is indeed achromatic, because the shell
has zero power, and therefore can't cause a change in focal length with
color.

But it has **spherochromatism** as the spherical correction of the shell
changes with refractive index, and thus with color. And this can be quite 
bad. I'll feed some reasonable Maksutov into a ray tracer. Stay tuned.

Doug McDonald
From: palmer@sfu.ca (Leigh Palmer)
Subject: Re: David Malin's color astrophotography
Organization: Simon Fraser University
Date: Wed, 2 Sep 1992 17:36:52 GMT

In article <92246.085436CLANCEY@SLACVM.SLAC.STANFORD.EDU>
CLANCEY@SLACVM.SLAC.STANFORD.EDU (Patrick Clancey) writes:
>Does anyone out there know if the color photographs taken by David Malin
>at the Anglo-Australian Telescope are available via FTP?

I do. They are not available by ftp; they are photographs and, to some of us,
works of art. Were they to be made available by ftp at appropriate resolution
they would be immense, and there would still remain enormous problems of color
(excuse me, "colour") rendition, and the not inconsiderable matter of
infringement of intellectual property rights. 
If some generous, helpful soul thoughtlessly scans them into files for
distribution by ftp I hope that he also fails to attribute them, for to do so
would be to misrepresent the work of a true master of his craft.

Leigh Palmer
Newsgroups: sci.astro
From: gsh7w@fermi.clas.Virginia.EDU (Greg Hennessy)
Subject: Re: A super-blue branch of super-massive stars?
Organization: University of Virginia
Date: Wed, 26 Aug 1992 03:42:55 GMT

In article <BtKLot.K6q@well.sf.ca.us> metares@well.sf.ca.us (Tom Van
Flandern) writes: 
#     It was not obvious at a glance which paper dealt with M87.  Can you be
#more specific?

Err, I was confusing something prepared for the AAS with a paper. The
M87 paper isn't ready for publication yet.

#     How about a UIT composite image of the core of these galaxies?  I would
#expect a UV excess to be found there, although I have not yet found a way to
#predict its strength as a function of galaxy type.  -|Tom|-

Well, the core of M31 was CERTAINLY imaged by UIT, and tehre are no
super bright stars. There is the UV excess as found by Art Code 20
years ago with OAO, but the emission is certainly smooth, NOT
superbright-supermassive stars.

The core of M87 was certainly imaged, but M87 is not have much flux at
all in the UV, with the exception of the synchrotron jet imaged by
HST. 


--
-Greg Hennessy, University of Virginia
 USPS Mail:     Astronomy Department, Charlottesville, VA 22903-2475 USA
 Internet:      gsh7w@virginia.edu  
 UUCP:		...!uunet!virginia!gsh7w
Newsgroups: sci.astro
From: jbh55289@uxa.cso.uiuc.edu (Josh 'K' Hopkins)
Subject: Re: What was it?
Organization: University of Illinois at Urbana
Date: Sun, 30 Aug 1992 22:51:45 GMT

ghasting@vdoe386.vak12ed.edu (George Hastings) writes:
>	You don't say what DATE you made this observation, so
>it is impossible to tell. If it was very close to travelling
>true north, it is likely you were looking at one of the
>satellites that are in polar orbit, passing over north and
>south poles, on its ascending node. NOAA weather satellites,
>Hubble Space Telescope, LANDSAT, and military satellites all
>fit this.

Hubble is NOT in a polar orbit.
-- 
Josh Hopkins                    Friends don't let friends derive drunk
		     j-hopkins@uiuc.edu
Newsgroups: sci.astro
From: mrose@prufrock.stsci.edu (Mike Rose)
Subject: hstmap parameters
Reply-To: mrose@stsci.edu
Organization: Space Telescope Science Institute
Date: Wed, 2 Sep 1992 15:05:48 GMT

Here's the prediction for the next month, for the hstmap program:

Reference Orbit Number:  13226
Orbit Node Regression Rate: -6.44258 Degrees/Day
EASCNCR   - Ascending Node Crossing for Reference Orbit: 1992-09-27 12:24:44.00
EASCNCR+1 - Ascending Node Crossing for Following Orbit: 1992-09-27 14:01:05.00
EONOON    - S/C Noon After Ascending Node Crossing:      1992-09-27 13:25:07.00


Sorry about the long delay since the last posting of this information.
We'll resume posting it regularly again.

Does anyone have the full news article that I used to post?
I've lost my copy, and don't want to rewrite it.

Mike Rose
mrose@stsci.edu
--
Mike Rose, mrose@stsci.edu, 410-338-4949
Newsgroups: sci.astro
From: gak@wrs.com (Richard Stueven)
Subject: Re: Space Poop
Reply-To: gak@wrs.com
Organization: Wind River Systems, Inc.
Date: Wed, 2 Sep 1992 23:29:14 GMT

In article 183hitINNl9o@usenet.INS.CWRU.Edu, bj368@cleveland.Freenet.Edu (Mike E. Romano) writes:
>
>Since 1957 more than 3,300 launches have produced 7,000 trackable
>objects currently in orbit,  equalling approx 3000 tons of man made
>material.
>[...]
>Objects above the geo stationary orbit of 1000 km will remain there
>[...]
>Some scientists predict that sufficient debris will begin to reduce
>solar radiation and thereby affect global climate.

1) "Reduce solar radiation and thereby affect global climate"?  Sure.

2) The geostationary orbit is somewhat higher than 1000km.

3) What's your point?  (And where did you get this from?)

---
gak			Der Herr Buergermeister gibt bekannt, dass ab
gak@wrs.com		Donnerstag Bier gebraut wird und deshalb ab
attmail!gakhaus!gak	Mittwoch nicht mehr in den Bach geschissen
107/H/3&4		werden darf.
From: mcovingt@athena.cs.uga.edu (Michael A. Covington)
Newsgroups: sci.astro
Subject: Re: Telescope question
Date: 3 Sep 92 03:42:29 GMT
Distribution: usa
Organization: University of Georgia, Athens

In article <1700@shaman.wv.tek.com> harmons@mithril.wv.tek.com (Harmon Sommer) writes:
>In September '92 "Astronomy", Pg 55, "Through the Eyepiece; Mars returns to
>the evening sky" - Jeff Kanipe contains the statement:
>"... (be able) to see at least the conspicuous surface features visible in a
>small telescope. By small I mean at least a 3-inch refractor with a minimum
>magnification of 120X or a 6-inch reflector at 250X".
>Why would the refractor at 120X be as capable as the reflector at 250X in
>revealing detail on Mars?

There is an old piece of folklore that says a 3-inch refractor is equal to
a 6-inch reflector.  It's late 19th century folklore, from the days of
silvered mirrors with low reflectivity. 

The images from a good refractor will be _slightly_ better than those from
a good Newtonian of the same  aperture, because there is no additional
diffraction from the central obstruction.  (Not only does the central
obstruction block some light -- it also has a diffraction effect which
puts more light into the first diffraction ring rather than the center of
the star image.)  Schmidt-Cassegrains, in turn, are _slightly_ worse than
Newtonians.  (All of which is offset by the fact that you can afford,
and use, a larger aperture with the latter kind of telescope.)

HOWEVER, equating a 3-inch refractor to a 6-inch reflector in this day
and age is a bit excessive.  I'd think the comparison is more like 5-inch
versus 6-inch. 


-- 
+ Michael Covington - Artificial Intelligence Programs - U of Georgia - USA 
+ Unless otherwise noted, these are private opinions, not official statements.
+ VOTE NO GEORGIA LOTTERY - we need not imitate mistakes of other states.
Newsgroups: sci.astro
From: metares@well.sf.ca.us (Tom Van Flandern)
Subject: Re: Standard model of QSOsex
Organization: Whole Earth 'Lectronic Link
Date: Wed, 26 Aug 1992 03:01:14 GMT


yaron@astro.as.utexas.edu (Yaron Sheffer) writes:

> Ha, but how would you find a dead quasar? The only way to detect the
> monster black hole is by detecting emission from devoured material, and
> also a huge concentration of stars at the nucleus.

     The authors I cited looked for high star velocities in the core to give
away the presence of an invisible large mass.  -|Tom|-

-- 
Tom Van Flandern / Washington, DC / metares@well.sf.ca.us
Meta Research was founded to foster research into ideas not otherwise
supported because they conflict with mainstream theories in Astronomy.
Newsgroups: sci.astro,sci.physics
From: drchambe@tekig5.pen.tek.com (Dennis Chamberlin)
Newsgroups: sci.astro
Subject: Re: Space Poop Message Deleted?
Date: 4 Sep 92 17:01:24 GMT
Reply-To: drchambe@tekig5.pen.tek.com (Dennis Chamberlin)
Organization: Tektronix, Inc., Beaverton,  OR.

In article <1861fdINNoov@usenet.INS.CWRU.Edu> bj368@cleveland.Freenet.Edu (Mike E. Romano) writes:
>
>Objects above the altitude of 1000 km are in the geo
>stationery orbit and will remain there for 1000 years
>orbitting the planet some 5 million times and posing
>a constant hazard of collision with other objects.

I thought geostationary was about 22,000 miles.
Xref: sparky sci.astro:9238 sci.optics:915 sci.physics:13578 sci.electronics:14862
From: MEDELMA@cms.cc.wayne.edu (Michael Edelman)
Newsgroups: sci.astro,sci.optics,sci.physics,sci.electronics
Subject: Re: Aero-Ektars Available
Date: 26 Aug 92 15:19:14 GMT
Organization: Wayne State University, C&IT

In article <1992Aug26.135355.26614@cs.ucf.edu>
clarke@acme.ucf.edu (Thomas Clarke) writes:
 
>
>Was exploring the local electronic surplus store the other day
>and noticed they had a half-dozen or so Kodak Aero-Ektar
>12" f.l., f/2.5 aerial camera lenses for sale.  They were
>mounted with shutters and iris and seemed to be in good
>condition.  Price of $60 seemed very good.  I seem to recall
>that these were designed to cover a 9 inch square plate.
>
>No commerciial endorsement implied, but store is:
>Skycraft Parts and Surplus Inc., 2245 Fairbanks Ave.
>Winter Park, FL 32789m (407)628-5634.
>I think they do mail order.
>
>Applications:  astrophotography, fast telephoto, use in pairs
>for giant binoculars (I already have a pair of 18" f/3.5
>opaque projector lenses, or I'd be tempted) ...???
>
>--
>Thomas Clarke
>Institute for Simulation and Training, University of Central FL
>12424 Research Parkway, Suite 300, Orlando, FL 32826
>(407)658-5030, FAX: (407)658-5059, clarke@acme.ucf.edu
 
I called and these lenses have either been moved or all sold...they're
going to check and call me back. But they also have some rather *large*
lenses with no marking- 6" and 8" in diameter, they think. Tempting,
hmm? Perhaps someone (hint, hint) could drop by again and take a look
at these...?
-----------------------------------------------------------------
 Michael Joseph Edelman           Wayne State University
 medelma@cms.cc.wayne.edu         Computing & Information Technology
 mje@pookie.pass.wayne.edu        Detroit, Michigan
 medelma@waynest1.bitnet          (313) 577-0742
 KE8YY
Newsgroups: sci.astro
From: benoit@netcom.com (BENOIT SCHILLINGS)
Subject: Re: C8 Coma for astrophoto.
Date: Thu, 27 Aug 92 21:34:06 GMT
Organization: Netcom - Online Communication Services  (408 241-9760 guest) 


Thank you for the help.

I think i like the idea of putting the corrector 7 inches away.
Is that an optimal value ?
Also if i remove the corrector do i have to do anything else
than just recolimate the secondary mirror or is the
alignment of the plate vs the mirror critical.

Benoit

Newsgroups: sci.astro
From: dsc@gemini.tmc.edu (Doug S. Caprette Bldg. 28 W191 x3892)
Subject: Re: Cleaning a mirror
Organization: NASA GSFC CDP VLBI
Date: Mon, 31 Aug 1992 22:09:56 GMT

In article <1992Aug31.184827.7297@pacdata.uucp> dave@pacdata.uucp (David Ambrose) writes:
>
>	Be aware that the Astroscan's mirror is parabolized by the
>coating!  You want to take very good care of it.  You cannot just send
>them to Panchro or Clausen for recoating.
>
>

Could you elaborate on this a little?  I've never heard of anything like this!

Newsgroups: sci.astro