From: ltran@lsil.com (Linh T. Tran x4900)
Newsgroups: soc.culture.vietnamese
Subject: [SU+?] Pha.m Va(n So+n -- Vie^.t su+? toa`n thu+
Date: 14 Oct 92 21:53:35 GMT
Reply-To: ltran@lsil.com
Organization: LSI Logic Corporation
X-Newsreader: Tin 1.1 PL5

Sau dda^y la` nhu+~ng trang cho't cu?a quye^?n su+? Pha.m Va(n So+n, no'i
le^n nha^.n ddi.nh cu?a o^ng ve^` Li.ch Su+? VN.
------------------------------------------
.. (page 719)

	Chu'ng to^i xin ngu+`ng la.i no+i dda^y vi` nguye^n ta('c vie^'t su+?
kho^ng cho phe'p ddi qua' sa^u va`o nhu+~ng vie^.c co`n ddang die^~n tie^'n .
[na(m 1960].

	Nhu+ng tru+o+'c trang su+? cuo^'i cu`ng na`y, ke? vie^'t khi buo^ng 
ca'n bu't kho^ng the^? nga(n ca?n ddu+o+.c mo^'i ca?m xu'c tra`n nga^.p lo`ng
mi`nh, nghi~ ra(`ng da^n to^.c Vie^.t Nam chu'ng ta co`n to^`n ta.i dde^'n
nga`y nay, co`n mo^.t ma?nh dda^'t na`y dde^? so^'ng, ddo' la` nho+` co^ng
nghie^.p tranh dda^'u, xa^y du+.ng ba(`ng bie^'t bao nhie^u mo^` ho^i va` 
nu+o+'c ma('t cu?a to^? tie^n tu+` 40 the^' ky? nay .

	Nho+' thuo+? co`n lua^n la.c be^n bo+` Du+o+ng Tu+?, mi`nh tra^`n khoa'c
da thu', la(.n lo^.i no+i so^ng ngo`i, chu'a to^i, cha con cho^`ng vo+., nu+o+ng
du+.a va`o nhau ma` so^'ng, cho dde^'n khi Ha'n To^.c qua' ma.nh, dda^?y 
ngu+o+`i Ba'ch Vie^.t chu'ng ta xuo^'ng kha('p mie^`n Hoa Nam, ke? le^n ru+`ng,
ngu+o+`i xuo^'ng bie^?n, na~o ne^` bi dda't vo^ cu`ng . Tru+o+'c ky? nguye^n
Thie^n Chu'a [the^' ky? thu+' 3 tru+o+'c Co^ng Nguye^n], o^ng cha chu'ng ta
la.i tra?i the^m mo^.t cuo^.c phu` tra^`m, vo+'i nu+?a trie^.u binh si~ vie^~n
chinh cu?a Thu?y Hoa`ng DDe^' [Ta^`n Thu?y Hoa`ng], ddang tra`n dda^`y nhu+.a
so^'ng . Ho.c dda~ nuo^'t ddu+'t ba chi pha'i DDo^ng Vie^.t, Ma^n Vie^.t va`
Nam Vie^.t, co`n la.i A^u La.c la` nho'm cuo^'i cu`ng cu?a chu'ng ta, dda~ 
chie^'n tha('ng ve? vang anh du~ng ne^n gio^'ng no`i ta mo+'i co`n so^'ng so't
to+'i ba^y gio+` .

	Tre^n ma?nh dda^'t bao go^`m nhu+~ng ru+`ng nu'i Qua?ng Ta^y, thu+o+.ng
du mie^`n Ba('c va` lu+u vu+.c so^ng Nhi., chu'ng ta ta'i ta.o la.i co+ ddo^`,
du+.ng trie^`u ddi`nh rie^ng mo^.t co~i, tie^'c thay cha(?ng bao la^u la.i la^m
va`o Ha'n ho.a dde^? le^. thuo^.c Ba('c Phu+o+ng luo^n mu+o+`i the^' ky? .

	Mu+o+`i the^' ky? la`m to^i di. to^.c, so^'ng nhu+ tra^u ngu+.a, toa`n
da^n xa'c nhu+ vo+`, so+ nhu+ nho^.ng, vi` su+. bo^'c lo^.t cu?a dda'm quan la.i
Trung Quo^'c, dde^'n no^~i trai kho6ng la^'y no^?i vo+., ga'i kho^ng la^'y no^?i
cho^`ng, nha^n kha^?u mo^~i nga`y mo^.t hao hu.t ga^`n nhu+ bi. die^.t chu?ng .
Nhu+~ng ke? co' chu't dda^`u o'c ho+i kha'c y' thi` bi. moi gan mo'c ma('t,
go6ng cu`m xie^`n xi'ch dda^`y mi`nh, do ddo' ma` ga'i anh thu+ dda~ co' khi
pha?i thay dda^'ng tu mi pha^'t co+` ca'ch ma.ng, ho. Khu'c, ho. Ngo^, the^' co^
ma` da'm dduo^?i xa^m la(ng . To+'i khi kho^i phu.c ddu+o+.c nguye^n lu+.c
quo^'c gia, Ly' Thu+o+`ng Kie^.t ba('c tie^'n, Tra^`n Quo^'c Tua^'n die^.t
Nguye^n, Nguye6~n Hue^. mo^.ng da`nh la.i Lu+o+~ng Qua?ng dde^? tho?a ca'i thu`
ma^'t dda^'t ve^` tay Ha'n .

	Xe't ca'c su+. kie^.n na`y thi` Li.ch Su+? Vie^.t Nam tha^.t la` ca'i
gi` ly ky` nha^'t, la^m ly nha^'t, ma` cu~ng oai hu`ng to^.t bu+.c, bo+?i mo^.t
da^n to^.c nho? be' na(m ba trie^.u ngu+o+`i tru+o+'c dda^y, ma` da'm ganh ta`i
ddo. su+'c vo+'i mo^.t cu+o+`ng quo^'c ddo^ng ga('p tra(m, gia`u ga^'p nga`n,
va` la` ca'i lo` va(n minh co^' cu+.u nha^'t cu?a the^' gio+'i . Pha?i chi
the^m ngu+o+`i, the^m cu?a, dda^'t ddai ro^.ng ra~i ho+n nu+~a thi` Mo^ng Co^?
va`o Trung Nguye^n, Ma~n Thanh ngu+. tri. Hoa To^.c, co' le~ dda^u ngu+o+`i 
da^n Vie^.t cha(?ng co' pha^`n tre^n co~i dda^'t me^nh mo^ng cu?a con cha'u
Hoa`ng DDe^' !

	Tu+` Ly' qua Tra^`n, qua Le^, va(n ho'a cu?a chu'ng ta cu~ng ddi xa
tie^'n ma.nh, khie^'n Trung Quo^'c du+o+'i ddo+`i Minh pha?i xa'c nha^.n kho^ng
the^? coi ngu+o+`i Vie^.t nhu+ ca'c ro+. va` pha?i dda~i va`o ha`ng quo^'c gia
va(n hie^'n, do ddo' va`i va^`n tho+ kie^u hu`ng du+o+'i ddo+`i Ma.c dda~ ba~i
ddu+o+.c cuo^.c ddao binh Minh The^' To^ng .

	Nhu+ng cu~ng buo^`n thay ca'i dda` cu?a da^n to^.c ddang ddu+o+.c dda^?y
ma.nh thi` tu+` nhu+~ng con cha'u cuo^'i cu`ng cu?a vua Le^ Tha'i To^? va` 
gio+'i phong kie^'n VN cuo^'i the^' ky? thu+' 18, ddo^'n he`n da^`n, ne6n mo+'i
pha't sinh ra ca'i bi trang tam pha^n thie^n ha., ke^' ddo' la` cuo^.c Tri.nh
Nguye^~n pha^n tranh, ddu+a nu+o+'c nha` va`o vo`ng suy ba.i . Trong nhu+~ng
the^' he^. ga^`n dda^y, gio+'i la~nh dda.o dda~ to? ra qua' vu. lo+.i, i'ch ky?,
thoa'i ho'a ne^n tinh tha^`n da^n to^.c kho^ng bie^'t qui tu. va`o dda^u . Cho
to+'i khi ngo.n tra`o DDe^' Quo^'c Ta^y Phu+o+ng tra`n qua Tha'i Bi`nh Du+o+ng,
thi` xa~ ho^.i Vie^.t Nam tan ra~ nhu+ ca`nh kho^, co? mu.c . Tra'ch nhie^.m
ddo^'i vo+'i quo^'c da^n va` Li.ch su+? tru+o+'c va^'n dde^` na`y, ai pha?i 
chi.u ?

	Sau hai hoa` u+o+'c 1862-1884, nu+o+'c nha` bi. Pha'p thuo^.c luo^n 80
na(m ro`ng . Cha con tu?i nhu.c, vo+. cho^`ng la^`m than, ca'i tha?m ho.a vong
no^ la^`n na`y cu~ng he^'t su+'c na~o ne^`, bi dda't. Ro^`i cu~ng luo^n 80 na(m
a^'y, toa`n da^n la.i vu`ng le^n tranh dda^'u . Ma'u dda`o xu+o+ng tra('ng tra`n
nga^.p Ba('c Nam . Mu+o+`i na(m 1944-1954, lo+.i du.ng ddu+o+.c cuo^.c Hoa`n 
Ca^`u DDa.i Chie^'n, Vie^.t Nam cu`ng Thu+.c Da^n Pha'p dda'nh mo^.t canh ba.c
cuo^'i cu`ng, lie^`u nhu+ mo^.t ma^'t mo^.t co`n . Ke^'t cu.c con cha'u Tra^`n
Quo^'c Tua^'t, Nguye^~n Hue^. dda~ ru+?a ddu+o+.c ca'i nhu.c ma^'t nu+o+'c .
Nhu+ng tu+` na(m 1954, dda^'t nu+o+'c la.i chia hai, tuo6`ng so^ng Gianh la.i
ta'i die^~n nhu+ nga`y na`o .

	Gio+` dda^y [1960], tre^n gia^'y mu+.c, ngu+o+`i Vie^.t la`m chu? 
dda^'t Vie^.t mie^`n Ba('c thuo^.c a?nh hu+o+?ng cu?a DDe^. Tam Quo^'c Te^', 
mie^`n Nam ddu+'ng trong ha`ng ngu~ The^' Gio+'i Tu+. Do . Ly' thuye^'t cha'nh
tri. na`o ma` cha(?ng ddu+o+.c to^ ddie^?m ba(`ng nu+o+'c so+n tu+o+i dde.p ,
nhu+ng ly' thuye^'t na`o cu~ng kho^ng the^? ra ngoa`i kho?i nguye^.n vo.ng cu?a
nha^n da^n: "Co+m a'o ddu+o+.c ba?o dda?m, ha.nh phu'c ddu+o+.c chu toa`n,
nha^n vi. con ngu+o+`i ddu+o+.c to^n tro.ng" . Va` nhi`n va`o xa~ ho^.i nha^n
loa.i hie^.n ta.i, qua ca'c kinh nghie^.m li.ch su+?, chu'ng ta kho^ng kho?i
co' nhie^`u tha('c ma('c: con ngu+o+`i la`m chi'nh tri. mo^~i nga`y mo^.t the^m
sa ddo.a . Ca'i y' nie^.m vi` da^n, vi` nu+o+'c, vi` nha^n loa.i mo^~i nga`y
mo^.t hie^'m hoi. Tra'i la.i, ca'i o'c vu. lo+.i ca' nha^n, gia ddi`nh, be` 
dda?ng mo^~i nga`y mo^.t nhie^`u, khie^'n mo^.t ddie^?m lu+o+ng ta^m co' khi
kho^ng thoi tho'p no^?i, dde^'n no^~i ddo^`ng loa.i, ddo^`ng ba`o gie^'t cho'c,
ba(m va(`m mo^? xe? nhau qua' loa`i lang so'i .

	Tre^n 40 the^' ky? tru+o+'c, Nghie^u Thua^'n kho^ng nhu+o+`ng ngo^i la.i
cho con, ddo' la` do quan nie^.m la^'y thie^n ha. la`m dda.i nghi~a, coi gia
ddi`nh, be` dda?ng la` nhe. . Mo^~i khi tai tro+`i a'ch nu+o+'c xa?y ra, ke?
ca^`m quye^`n tu+. cho mi`nh la^`m lo^~i, la`m le^~ ca'o mi`nh cu`ng tro+`i
dda^'t va` da^n chu'ng, la.i xin su+?a ddo^?i chi'nh sa'ch . Ke? la~nh dda.o
ddo^'i vo+'i quo^'c da^n co' tha`nh y' nhu+ va^.y la` cu`ng . Nhu+ ca'c ngu+o+`i
nhu+ Nghie^u Thua^'n cu?a Ha'n, nhu+ St-Louis cu?a Pha'p, nhu+ Ly' Tha'nh To^ng
cu?a Vie^.t thi` i't, ma` Ne'ron, Ce'sar, Charles 1er, Kie^.t, Tru. thi` 
nhie^`u . Ho. tu+c cho mi`nh la` con tro+`i, con tha'nh, co' quye^`n ca^`u vui
hu+o+?ng la.c, ma` dda'm da^n dden chi? dda'ng la`m to^i mo.i . Ke^'t cu.c,
ho. dda~ bi. nhu+~ng phong tra`o ca'ch ma.ng cu?a qua^`n chu'ng trie^.t ha.
nhu+ co? may gio' lu+o+'t, lu'c ho^'i ti?nh thi` dda~ muo^.n .

..

--
------------------------------------------
Linh Tran
ltran@lsil.com
of course, it is only my opinion.
------------------------------------------
Newsgroups: soc.culture.vietnamese