From: trh@jack.sns.com (Al Trh)
Newsgroups: soc.culture.turkish
Subject: News Dec 10 (from Haluk)
Date: 11 Dec 1992 15:08:58 -0600
Organization: UTexas Mail-to-News Gateway
Reply-To: Turkish Cultural Program List <TRKNWS-L%USCVM.BitNet@pucc.PRINCETON.EDU>
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Forwarded message:
>From cms1.ucs.leeds.ac.uk!TEX5HAD Fri Dec 11 07:12:08 1992
Via: uk.ac.leeds.ucs.cms1; Fri, 11 Dec 1992 13:17:33 +0000
Date: Fri, 11 Dec 92 13:16:38 GMT
From: Haluk DEMIRBAG <TEX5HAD@cms1.ucs.leeds.ac.uk>
Subject: News Dec 10 (fwd)
To: TRH@JACK.SNS.COM
Message-Id: <11 Dec 92 13:17:39 GMT #1440@UK.AC.LEEDS.CMS1>

- U.S. prepared to consider change in Yugoslav policy
- NATO defense ministers discuss Yugoslav peace-keeping
- Neo-Nazi party banned, Kohl urges Germans to fight racism
- 35,000 Tadzhiks have fled to Afghanistan due to war

Subject: U.S. prepared to consider change in Yugoslav policy

        WASHINGTON (UPI) -- Secretary of State Lawrence Eagleburger will
discuss the possibility of lifting the arms embargo on Bosnia-
Hercegovina and enforcement of the ban on Serbian military flights over
the besieged republic during consultations next week with European
leaders, U.S. officials said Thursday.
        Eagleburger travels Saturday to Stockholm for a meeting of the
Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe, then to Geneva for
talks on Yugoslavia and on Wednesday to Brussels for a meeting of North
Atlantic Treaty Organization foreign ministers. He is prepared to
consider a radical change in approach toward the Balkans conflict, they
said.
        ``Next week's meetings in Europe are important,'' State Department
spokesman Joe Snyder said. ``We're looking at various measures we can
take on dealing with the situation in the former Yugoslavia.''
        The administration has become increasingly fearful that fighting may
spill over into Macedonia, Albania and Greece, officials said. And
Washington supports U.N. Secretary General Boutros Boutro-Ghali's
recommendation to deploy 700 peace-keeping troops in Macedonia, Snyder
said.
        In addition, a pattern of increased violations of the U.N.-mandated
air-exclusion zone has left little doubt in Washington that Serbia is
thumbing its nose and doing as it pleases. Boutros-Ghali reported to the
U.N. Security Council this week that Serbian military aircraft had
violated the no-fly zone 57 times from Nov. 27 to Dec. 3.
        It has become clear to the administration that policies toward the
Yugoslav crisis -- from sanctions on Belgrade to the deployment of
peacekeepers and formation of a war crimes commission -- have failed to
stop Serbian President Slobodan Milosevic's land grab of Bosnia-
Herzegovina and its hellish offspring ethnic cleansing.
        ``Obviously, the effectiveness does leave something to be desired
since the problem has not been solved,'' a senior State Department
official said. ``Everybody's efforts and policies have not been fully
effective.
        ``We are considering changes to certain elements of the policy.''
        U.S. officials said lifting the arms embargo on Bosnia-Herzegovina so
that the poorly armed, rag-tag Muslim militias may defend themselves
against Serbian attack is one proposal that will be discussed. Officials
said, however, they are not convinced that more weapons in the region
will help stop the killing or hasten a political solution.
        And policing the no-fly zone with jet fighters is another idea
Eagleburger and his counterparts will consider, they said. But Great
Britain and France, which have troops in the ground, have so far blocked
such a move in the U.N. Security Council for fear that Serb fighters
might seek revenge on their soldiers.
=========================================================================
Subject: NATO defense ministers discuss Yugoslav peace-keeping

        BRUSSELS, Belgium (UPI) -- NATO defense ministers, taking a dim view
of the crisis in the former Yugoslavia, discussed ways in which the
Western alliance could support peace-keeping operations Thursday but
said it was up to the United Nations to decide on deeper international
involvement in the Balkans.
        ``We have to go on with the planning process'' on peacekeeping,
German Defense Minister Volker Ruehe told reporters during the first day
of NATO's bi-annual two-day review of the security and defense
situation. ``We have to see how we can put these principles into
practice.''
        He said there was great concern about what happens every day in
Yugoslavia, but that the responsibility for further measures lies with
the United Nations.
        ``The NATO countries are ready to support the United Nations in the
effort to stop the bloodshed, or at least to reduce the suffering. But
it is not up to NATO to take the initiative,'' he said.
        Conference officials said U.S. Defense Secretary Dick Cheney painted
a pessimistic picture of the situation in Yugoslavia, where no
improvement in the situation is discernible.
        A possible extension of the conflict might make it even more
dangerous at a time when pressure is mounting for an international
intervention to put an end to the fighting in the former Yugoslavia, the
officials said.
        Norwegian Gen. Vigleik Eide, chairman of NATO's Military Committee,
said the military officials were looking into ``how to better support
peace-keeping operations in the future.''
        But he said their examination of the situation fell short of actual
military planning. He said their planning was aimed at being better
prepared for possible emergencies, such as spill-overs of the conflict
in Yugoslavia and securing safe havens for refugees.
        Conference sources recalled NATO foreign ministers earlier this year
in Oslo decided the alliance's assets would be available for peace-
keeping operations decided by the United Nations.
        They said the question now was to specify how the NATO countries
could cooperate in such operations and what would be required from the
alliance.
        About the only consensus emerging from the discussions Thursday was
that no specialized troops were needed for peace-keeping operations,
which can be carried out by forces that have general defense training.
        The main questions are what can be done to relieve the situation in
Bosnia-Herzegovina and to prevent the conflict from spreading to other
areas, including Kosovo and Macedonia, defense sources said.
        They pointed out that for preacekeeping operations, the assent of
local authorities is needed. In Kosovo, a province of Serbia, that would
mean an authorization from Serbian authorities.
        They said decisions on these questions do not have to be taken by
NATO, but by the United Nations.
        ``The United Nations must have the lead,'' Ruehe said. ``We have to
prepare ourselves for when the United Nations comes up with decisions.''
        Conference officials also said any NATO decision on participating in
peace-keeping operations should be taken at the political level by the
full NATO council of foreign ministers.
=========================================================================
Subject: Neo-Nazi party banned, Kohl urges Germans to fight racism

        BONN, Germany (UPI) -- In a major crackdown against violent rightists,
German authorities Thursday banned a neo-Nazi movement, arrested several
of its members and confiscated its funds.
        At the same time, Chancellor Helmut Kohl and deputies from all
parliamentary parties expressed outrage over the wave of xenophobic and
anti-Semitic violence that has spread through Germany.
        Interior Minister Rudolf Seiters announced the banning of the neo-
Nazi German Alternative (DA) in what he called ``a further clear warning
against extremism.''
        Another rightist movement, the Nationalist Front (NF) was banned Nov.
27.
        Seiters said the measures were taken ``in order to combat the
constant agitation of these groups who want to create and fuel a
xenophbobic mood in order to contribute to acts of violence.
        Founded in May 1989, the DA has a political program that is largely
based on the goals Adolf Hitler's Nazi party had set itself when it was
created in 1920, and which includes slogans like ``Racial mixing is
genocide.''
        Intelligence officials said that many of the 350 members, as well as
supporters of the neo-Nazi movement, were involved in recent violent
attacks against foreigners' homes and Jewish cemeteries.
        As Seiters announced the measure, hundreds of police officers were
searching the apartments of DA members in several German cities. Several
members were arrested, including one who is suspected of having attacked
a pizzeria and assaulted the Italian cook in the eastern German city of
Bautzen.
        Police officials said propanda material, computers and funds were
seized during the raids.
        In a rare move, the Bonn goverment Wednesday asked the constitutional
court to restrict the civil rights, including the right of free spech,
of a leading DA member, Heinz Reisz, 54, and another neo-Nazi, Thomas
Dienel, 31. Dienel was sentenced to two years and eight months jail on
Wednesday, after he was found guilty of making racist, neo-Nazi
speeches, which is illegal in Germany.
        Police also announced the arrest of two military memorabilia dealers
suspected of having sold weapons illegally to members of the rightist
``Werwolf Jagdeinheit Senftenberg'' para-military group.
        Five members of the group, established along the lines of a unit of
Adolf Hitler's Waffen SS, were arrested earlier, one of them on charges
of murder.
        Kohl told lawmakers during a special parliamentary debate that
rightists killed 17 people since the beginning of this year, including
eight foreigners, and that more than 2,000 attacks were carried out,
including over 650 firebomb or explosives attacks.
        ``The figures are frightening,'' he said.
        ``Because of the history of this century, and particularly the
National-Socialist reign of violence, we Germans in particular must
resist any form of violence and must use every legal means to protect
human dignity and human rights,'' Kohl said.
        He said that a great majority of Germans condemned any form of
racism, xenophobia or anti-Semitism and pointed out that more than a
million citizens had demonstrated against the violence in several German
cities in recent weeks.
        Parliamentarians from other political parties also expressed outrage
over the rightist violence.
        ``There is no excuse whatsoever for murder, manslaughter and arson,''
said Otto Count Lambsdorff, the leader of the Free Democratic Party. He
added, ``The only answer is jail.''
=========================================================================
Subject: 35,000 Tadzhiks have fled to Afghanistan due to war

        GENEVA, Switzerland (UPI) -- More than 35,000 Tadzhik refugees, hoping
to escape civil strife in their homeland, have now braved the icy waters
of the Amu Darya River to swim to asylum in northern Afghanistan, the U.
N. High Commission for Refugees said Thursday.
        New arrivals, many barefoot and almost all without warm clothes, are
straggling across the border at a rate of 5,000 a day the agency said.
UNHCR and other relief organizations based at Mazar-i-Sharif in
Afghanistan are mobilizing relief supplies, and negotiations are under
way with Afghan officials to build a new camp in the area, a UNHCR
spokesman said.
        The refugees began crossing the river, which forms the border with
Afghanistan and is guarded on the Tadzhik side by troops of the CIS,
over the weekend. Preliminary reports from Mazar-i-Sharif say some are
suffering from bullet wounds and many more from exposure, the spokesman
said.
        The UNHCR is also mobilizing supplies in an attempt to help the
International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), which is working with
more than 100,000 displaced Tadzhiks inside the borders of their own
country.
        The ICRC said Thursday it had delivered emergency medical supplies to
three hospitals in Dushanbe, the Tadzhik capital, and had distributed
clothing and blankets to 6,600 displaced persons who have taken refuge
in the city. The ICRC has been working in Dushanbe since Oct. 30.
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