HDTenEightyP/NetNews huggingface dataset:
From: sherwani@sol.cs.wmich.edu (Naveed Sherwani)
Subject: Re: Multiple wives
Summary: How do we determine will of Allah[swt] ?
Organization: Western Michigan Univ. Comp. Sci. Dept.
Date: Sat, 22 Aug 1992 06:17:24 GMT

In article <1992Aug22.005354.7828@cco.caltech.edu>, asim@heckle.ugcs.caltech.edu (A. M. Mughal) writes:
> >
> >Please confirm this. As I pointed out above, through contracts we
> >limit some things which are "allowed" to us. Restricting ourselves,
> 
>   	I hear your viewpoint but at the same time I have heard the other
> 	viewpoint too which says if one restricts what Allah has allowed
> 	then it is not binding. For instance, one can't force one's
> 	spouse to say prayers only once a day while in the marriage contract. It will
> 	be 'contraining' but against the will of Allah and hence non-binding.
> 
> >willfully, within a subset of some leave which is allowed "is", in fact,
> > the essence of a contract.
> >
> 
> Asim Mughal
> [Standard Disclaimer]
> 
Infact, I have the following question, 

 IS IT POSSIBLE FOR GODS TO RECOMMEND LAWS ?

Technically god should simply hand out a list, which we should
obey. Why recommend laws of the type mentioned above by you.

Gods should say one way or the other, why create confusion ?

If Islam is a guideline, then it should be as precise as possible.
It is very precise about percentage of tax, number of wives allowed,
etc, but it is vague, as to when wives are allowed. Why is that ?

Any ideas ?

This is a sincere question, I am not trying to bash Islam. I will
take the question back, if muslims on SCP think it is Islam bashing.

regards,

-Naveed
From: asim@heckle.ugcs.caltech.edu (A. M. Mughal)
Newsgroups: soc.culture.pakistan
Subject: Re: Multiple wives
Date: 20 Aug 92 21:25:26 GMT
Organization: Caltech Undergraduate Computer Science

In article <1992Aug20.153127.1@mcclb0.med.nyu.edu> ali@mcclb0.med.nyu.edu writes:
>In article <1992Aug20.031222.4238@cco.caltech.edu>, asim@irk.ugcs.caltech.edu (A. M. Mughal) writes:
>> In article <1992Aug19.183759.1@mcclb0.med.nyu.edu> ali@mcclb0.med.nyu.edu writes:
>>>In article <1992Aug18.101149.30461@davidsys.com>, merchant@davidsys.com (Rukhsana Merchant) writes:
>>>> 
>>>> 	The point of Islam allowing multiple wives is not an issue that
>>>> is debatable.  It is allowed and it is the sunnah of Prophet Muhammed (phuh)
>>>> and it is still valid today as it was fourteen centuries ago.  There are
>>>> **reasons why** it is permitted and the guidelines in Islam are for all
>>>> people and all time.  Those who disagree with the concept and call it
>>>> sexist and baised against women can choose not to practise it.  But when
>>>> people conclude to questioning the character of Prophet Muhammed (pbuh)
>>>> and theorizing that Islam deprives the rights of women, then, those
>>>> people haven't really understood what Islam has given to women.   
>>>> 
>>>> Islam is the exception.
>>>
>>>  You're right there * were* definite reasons for allowing multiple
>>>wives, but most of those reasons do not exist today.  There is no
>>>shortage of men for one thing (thank G-d :-)) and women, many women, 
>>>do not need to be taken care of, you and I are probably good examples.
>>>I dont think it is a matter of questioning the Prophets (pbuh)
>>>character to call it a sexist rule, because the concept of sexism 
>>>didnt exist at that time; however it does exist today, and by
>>>definition allowing multiple wives is a sexist concept.  However to 
>> 	=================================================	
>> 	Yes, in your opinion, I will like to add. :)
>> 
>    No sir, not in my opinion alone, the word sexist as defined in
>Webster's dictionary means 'something that favors one sex over
>another'....well also in my opinion, but who am I anyway???

	yes,it is still your opinion in making the connection as  you are assuming allowance of multiple wives  is favoring one sex over the other. 

>jahanar
>>>each his own and if someone feels he can treat more than one wife 
>>>equally and his wives agree to it then it is their personal business.
>>>I for one would shoot my good man in case he became interested in 
>>>acquiring another wife.  No doubt about it!!
>>>jahanara  
>>>> 
>>>> -Rukhsana Merchant
>> 
>> Asim Mughal
>> [Standard Disclaimer]
Newsgroups: soc.culture.pakistan
From: dogar@rtsg.mot.com (Haroon H. Dogar)
Subject: Re: Contradictions of (so called) upholders of rights
Organization: Motorola Inc., Cellular Infrastructure Group
Date: Fri, 21 Aug 1992 16:15:38 GMT

sherwani@sol.cs.wmich.edu (Naveed Sherwani) writes:

>dogar@rtsg.mot.com (Haroon H. Dogar) writes:

>> Ahem. I would also like to point out that the "non-religous"
>> point of view is, by definition, NOT neutral.
>> 
>> -hd
>> "If you choose not to decide, you still have made a choice."
>>                               -RUSH [No, not Limbaugh  :-)]


>If looking at things from everybody's point of view is not
>good enough, then what is ?

The "non-religous" point of view is not everyone's point of view.
It is ONE SPECIFIC point of view. Call it atheistic, call it
surkhey, call it liberal, call it whatever, but please don't
call it neutral.

[How can you view a situation from the Muslim point of view
if you are viewing it from the "non-religous" point of view?
The two are orthogonal.]

-hd
Militant Agnostics: "We don't know, and YOU DON'T KNOW EITHER!!"
Newsgroups: soc.culture.pakistan,soc.culture.indian
From: rbhatnag@uceng.UC.EDU (raj bhatnagar)
Subject: Re: Re meaning of 14th august
Organization: College of Engineering, University of Cincinnati
Date: Fri, 21 Aug 1992 16:27:26 GMT

In article <1992Aug20.213933.14281@cco.caltech.edu> asim@heckle.ugcs.caltech.edu (A. M. Mughal) writes:

>		As you can see, I am relatively very new to the computers

Oh yeah? 
You sure must have a very slow learning curve.

>	and can;t seem to be getting this editor thing working, it chomped
>	off the line, 

A few years ago you used to post only single lines. Now its articles
with one line missing! 

What's next eh?


> I can't really remember the train of thoughts, 
  
Oh, so the train got derailed somewhere? 

>when I 
>	do I will post it, fair ? :)
>


No NO NO NO NOooooO!

I am happy without seeing that one line from you.
Thanks any way.

(I mean, asking Asim Mughal to post one line may restart some
old processes in his mind/brain. And I wouldn't want to be held
responsible for the resulting chaos)

>A.M.
>[Standard Disclaimer]

---raj
From: khan@ces.cwru.edu (Mansoor Khan)
Newsgroups: soc.culture.pakistan
Subject: Aga Khan III
Date: 23 Aug 92 05:52:26 GMT
Organization: Computer Engineering and Science, Case Western Reserve University


>Mother of Prince Karim Aga Khan was Rita Hayworth.  Prince Karim is the 49th
>imam.

 Rita Hayworth was not Prince Karim AgaKhan's mother. She was married to
 one of his uncles.


>Kamal [Not Isma'ili] Mubarak.

Mansoor Khan
Cleveland, Ohio.
From: nadeem@igpho (Nadeem Malik)
Subject: Re: PAKISTAN KA MATLUB KAYA ?????
Organization: Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, CH
X-Newsreader: Tin 1.1 PL3
Date: Thu, 20 Aug 1992 15:37:51 GMT

samaddar@siemens.com (Sumitro Samaddar) writes:
: nadeem@igpho (Nadeem Malik) writes:
: 
: >Yes, exactly! The Mullahs are dead scared of real Islam being enforced in
: >Pakistan. Under Islamic they would be hanged within 24hours for high treason,
: 
: This "real" Islam is like "real" Communism. One never really finds it :-)
: Maybe like determining the real position and velocity of an electron. It
: must be there, it's just not possible to find them simultaneously.
: 
: Sumitro

Actually, that is not far from the truth!

Yes the perfect Islamic Society is indeed like an asympototic regime
which is to be aimed for, but will not be reached. Like aiming for the
bulls-eye of a dart-board. A good Islamic society will at least come
close to the centre spot; but the case of the Mullahs is like one
who throws the dart in the opposite direction to the board all
together.:-)

Nadeem Malik

Newsgroups: soc.culture.pakistan
From: arkay@leland.Stanford.EDU (Abdur Khan)
Subject: Re: SOUTH ASIAN SPORTS ACHIEVEMENTS
Organization: DSG, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA
Distribution: na
Date: Thu, 13 Aug 92 04:33:00 GMT

In article <1992Aug12.220626.29863@leland.Stanford.EDU> asiddiqu@leland.Stanford.EDU (Ali Siddiqui) writes:
>>>In article <1992Aug12.021132.3838@leland.Stanford.EDU>
>>>usman@leland.Stanford.EDU (Usman Hameed) writes:
>>>
>
>>Mohd. Shaukat (the known but unknown) writes:
>>how is Ithaca? Rafay and I are planning to play cricket with Captan Jee this
>>Saturday. We just need you but I guess you can't fly here just to play cricket
>>with Captan Jee.
>
>Shaukat,
>
>You forgot to add that Rafay has been batting and bowling really well. I 
>suspect that he has been doctoring the ball and the bat!! :-) :-).
>But this saturday we will be prepared for him.

Ahh, finally my reputation has been ....................
Though Ali i will be faster and straighter next saturday.

sahibzada rafay khan[doctoring the ball a paki tradition and an english whine]
>
>Ali.
>
>
>
>
>


Newsgroups: soc.culture.pakistan
From: arkay@leland.Stanford.EDU (Abdur Khan)
Subject: showing of wealth and honda acuras
Organization: DSG, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA
Date: Fri, 14 Aug 92 05:39:05 GMT

jesus,
all this showing of wealth, someone just bought a honda acura/ toyota cressida
etc.

As far as i am concerned i never show of wealth it is so degrading. I was
really upset with my friend usman when he mentioned my fathers textile mills.
I think people should be friendly with me not because of my fathers textile
mills but because of my ................

I have never bought a new car, my last car was a 1985 Jaguar XJS a fine car
but not a new one .....................

sahibzada rafay khan[ when you got it flaunt it]
Newsgroups: soc.culture.pakistan
From: asim@heckle.ugcs.caltech.edu (A. M. Mughal)
Subject: Re: Multiple wives
Organization: Caltech Undergraduate Computer Science
Date: Sat, 22 Aug 1992 00:53:54 GMT

In article <l9a3ltINNrfp@pageboy.cs.utexas.edu> hyder@cs.utexas.edu (Syed Irfan Hyder) writes:
>In article <1992Aug20.193955.11586@cco.caltech.edu> asim@irk.ugcs.caltech.edu (A. M. Mughal) writes:
>>In article <l97jhnINNp0t@pageboy.cs.utexas.edu> hyder@cs.utexas.edu (Syed Irfan Hyder) writes:
>
>>>A woman has every right in Islam to make the above feelings 
>>>explicit before marrying. Or better still, there is no
>>>one to stop them if they want to have that in writing in the
>>>marriage contract.
>>
>>	True, one can put in  any arrangement one wants in the 
>>marriage contract,
>>but the clauses which violate the laws of Allah will not be binding. Just a 
>>month or so ago, I had a liviely discussion with some friends on this subject.
>
>The marriage is a legal "contract". A legal contractual obligation
>in which one doesn't exceed Allah's limits, (one can always constrain
>oneself further the limits) is binding. The clause limiting a man
>to one wife is NOT a violation of Allah's law, it "is" only making
>explicit of Allah's recommendation ("and you cannot do justice, so
>take one").
>
>Legal contracts can never exceed Allah's limit, but always "limit"
>and "constrain" what Allah has permitted. For instance, if I contractually

	Yes, I think, 'constrain' is okay but going against is probably not.

>>Specifically, the clause 'I will have the right to shoot my spouse if he 
>>becomes interested in having another wife' will not be acceptable.
>
>I took the above statement as a figure of speech exemplifying one's
>disdain and not verbatim.
>
>>
>>Nor the clause, 'I will not marry another woman' be binding on 'him' as 
>>the Creator has already given such a permission. 
>
>Please confirm this. As I pointed out above, through contracts we
>limit some things which are "allowed" to us. Restricting ourselves,

  	I hear your viewpoint but at the same time I have heard the other
	viewpoint too which says if one restricts what Allah has allowed
	then it is not binding. For instance, one can't force one's
	spouse to say prayers only once a day while in the marriage contract. It will
	be 'contraining' but against the will of Allah and hence non-binding.

>willfully, within a subset of some leave which is allowed "is", in fact,
> the essence of a contract.
>

Asim Mughal
[Standard Disclaimer]
From: ag3l+@andrew.cmu.edu (Arun K. Gupta)
Newsgroups: soc.culture.pakistan
Subject: Re:Polygamy and Polyandry
Date: 15 Aug 92 17:32:27 GMT
Article-I.D.: andrew.seXP0fC00VogMF4WBr
Organization: Physics, Carnegie Mellon, Pittsburgh, PA


I believe, in British India, a woman could seek divorce on the
grounds that her husband was taking a second wife (even though
polygamy might have been legal for him.) I think that rule still
holds in India today. How about Pakistan ?

-arun gupta
Newsgroups: soc.culture.pakistan
From: ali@mcclb0.med.nyu.edu
Subject: Mild warning
Organization: NYU Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
Date: Fri, 14 Aug 1992 01:28:31 GMT

I dont understand either.  It seems to me that the readership of SCP
is obssessed with discussing Islam in its varied forms and sects and
how it is superior to other religions.  What amazes me even more is 
how so many of you are always ready with the right hadith or koranic 
text to solve matters.  I'll have to discuss this with my parents
because my Islamic education pales in comparison. Growing up, I dont 
recall any chai parties or dinners where the major topic of
conversation was "Correctness of Quranic text" or "Shia-Sunni;which is
better.  I'll have to assume that the lot of you grew up discussing 
this at home and never came to any conclusions at home so thought
you'd try the SCP participants to clarify matters (ofcourse there are
also those of you who want to clarify matters for others- ).  Well
what if there are some very insightful SCPians out there who can solve
all; and one day every one can come to a consensus that Sunni is
superior to Shia ; or that Ahmadies are not "the Real thing", as they
say; well what then ???   Dont you realize, you'll all run out of
topics to discuss...this is just a warning, take it for what its worth
but I strongly suggest you all discuss Islamic matters a bit less,
lest we run out of things to say :-)
jahanara
From: ahussain@prism.poly.edu (Arshad Hussain)
Newsgroups: soc.culture.pakistan
Subject: Re:Asma Jehangir:Human Right Activist
Date: 19 Aug 92 22:49:58 GMT
Distribution: na
Organization: Polytechnic University, New York

>From: charisma@ccwf.cc.utexas.edu
>Subject: Re:Asma Jehangir:Human Right Activist

>	Asma Jehangir didn't just use the word "illiterate" for ummi
>about the Holy Prophet(PBUH),what she actually said was that Islam
>is a 1400 year old religion and it was revealed on a person who was
>illiterate and 
>thus the injunctions of Islam are no longer practical 
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
>in this modern age.
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

I was in Pakistan when that incident occurred and I never read this thing in 
the papers. This is a LIE.

>	It is a pity that there is no longer any Ghazi Alimudin(shaheed)
>in Pakistan to teach such people a lesson. 

To kill a woman?? Wah! 

Hoon Kithon lay-i-a lub kay Asee Waras Shah ik Hore

>							Ali Chaudhary.

Arshad
Newsgroups: soc.culture.pakistan
From: charisma@ccwf.cc.utexas.edu
Newsgroups: soc.culture.pakistan
Subject: Re:Asma Jehangir:Human Right Activist
Date: 19 Aug 92 17:41:37 GMT
Article-I.D.: ut-emx.78023
Reply-To: charisma@ccwf.cc.utexas.edu ()
Distribution: usa
Organization: The University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX
Originator: charisma@bashful.cc.utexas.edu




In article 26993 ahussain@prism.poly.edu(Arshad Hussain) writes:

>From: myadav@ruhets.rutgers.edu (Mahesh Yadav)
>
>Times of India Aug,5,1992
>The Times of India News Service
>NEW DELHI, Aug 4:
>
>	Women of Indian subcontinent suffer disrespect and indignity, 
>Ms  Asma Jhangir, secretary-general of the Human Rights Association of 
>Pakistan said here yesterday.

Ms Jhangir's contributions  in fighting for the  women and minorities' rights
in Pakistani Society are immeasurable.  She is already a permanent part of 
Pakistan's history in form of supreme court's ruling on 'ASMA JILANI CASE' 
which declared Gen. Yahya Khan's rule illegal( ironically, the decision was
announced after Yahya had been removed from his office).

She successfully defended herself when women belonging to Jamaat-e-Islami
led by Nisar Fatma accused her of being disrespectful to Holy Prophet( she
translated 'UMMI' as 'illiterate' in one of her speeches.)

>	Ms Jhangir said women the world over faced the difficulty of having to
>prove the offence of rape. But in Pakistan, if the police thought the woman had
>agreed to the sexual act, she became a co-accused , and so very few rape cases
>are reported.

That's true. 
	
>	The law is open to exploitation. But as it exists in the name of 
>religion, it cannot be changed, she said.

Asma Jhangir  is God's gift to my LAND.

****************************************************************************************************************************************************************
	Asma Jehangir didn't just use the word "illiterate" for ummi
about the Holy Prophet(PBUH),what she actually said was that Islam
is a 1400 year old religion and it was revealed on a person who was
illiterate and thus the injunctions of Islam are no longer practical 
in this modern age.

	It was because of these remarks that she even received death threats
and had to leave Pakistan.It was only after this incident that a law was
against those who commit tauheen-i-risalaat.It was only after Benazir
Bhuttos's coming to power that she was able to come back.

	It is a pity that there is no longer any Ghazi Alimudin(shaheed)
in Pakistan to teach such people a lesson. 



							Ali Chaudhary.
Newsgroups: soc.culture.pakistan
From: hashmi@angelo.amd.com (Jahangir Hashmi)
Newsgroups: soc.culture.pakistan
Subject: Re: FZ, a legend leaving us...
Keywords: Commentator, chaeuffer
Date: 21 Aug 92 00:36:32 GMT
Organization: Advanced Micro Devices, Santa Clara, CA

In article <5120058@hpcc01.corp.hp.com> syed@hpcc01.corp.hp.com (Tanwir Syed-Mohammad) writes:
>>From: arkay@leland.Stanford.EDU (Abdur Khan)
>>Date: Tue, 18 Aug 1992 23:09:57 GMT
>>Subject: Re: FZ, a legend leaving us...
>>Newsgroups: soc.culture.pakistan
>>Sender: news@leland.Stanford.EDU (Mr News)
>>Lines: 17
>>
>>In article <1992Aug18.124232.30462@davidsys.com> merchant@davidsys.com (Rukhsana Merchant) writes:
>>>
>>>	The Rumor is true......
>>>
>>>Farrukh Zafar is returning to God's country...  A legend zipping
>>>through our lives.....   He will be missed!!!
>>>
>>>I, among other SCPians, male and femails ;-), wish him all the best!!
>>>
>>>-Rukhsana [beyond words....] Merchant
>>
>>Is it true, is he actually leaving us, many of us will not belive this
>>until we see the exhaust fumes of his plane as it takes off.
>>
>>obviously we will need another commentator and chaeuffer(sp) for LA trips
>Thats right, we need to advertise the job for a running commentator   as 
>soon as possible.  You know its a tough job - commenting while you are 
>running :-)

Sorry guys the commentator job is not open any more. However, 
applications are being accepted for an expert chaeuffer(sp). 
This postion requires atleast three years of NY cab driving 
experience.
 
>
>By the way Rafay Sahib, your wides really helped our side in getting into the
>double figures  :)

Hey, at least give some credit for catch-bold at the boundary. That 
catch changed the outcome of the game. 

>
>How about arranging a farewell party for FZ for those who can attend?
>

A farewell party for FZ is being organized. Please drop me a message 
if you will be coming over.


Jahangir

>>
>>sahibzada rafay khan[ topfull or topless ?????????? lets take a poll]
>
>Tanwir Syed [waiting for the poll result]


--
     o                        
    /  __  /__   __  __  __  o        /__   __  __  /__  ____  o 
   /  __/ /  /  __/ / / /_/ / /-     /  /  __/ /_  /  / / / / /
\_/ /__/ /  / /__/ / / \_/ / /      /  / /__/ __/ /  / / / / /
Newsgroups: soc.culture.pakistan
From: g89r4255@hippo.ru.ac.za (Lt Sajid Rahim)
Subject: Re: Pakistan has fired 687 police officers.
Keywords: Hydrocarbons.
Organization: Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
Date: Fri, 21 Aug 1992 08:52:06 GMT


It is about time that some action was taken against the corrupt
police.

Sajid

-- 
---------------------------------------------------------------------
--   Sajid Rahim, Dept of Computer Science, Rhodes University,     --
--   Grahamstown, South Africa. Internet : g89r4255@hippo.ru.ac.za --
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Newsgroups: soc.culture.pakistan
From: azshah@athena.mit.edu (Ahmed Shah)
Subject: An Evening With Habib Wali Mohammed
Organization: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Distribution: usa
Date: Wed, 12 Aug 1992 16:24:25 GMT


	     On the festive occasion of Independence day

		Pakistan Association of Greater Boston
				presents
	      An Enchanting Evening of Ghazals and Geets
				  with
			Famous Award Winning Singer
			   
			   HABIB WALI MOHAMMED
				   At
	   		    Pine Manor College
	    400 Heath Street, Chestnut Hill (Brookline), Mass.
				   On
			Saturday, August 22, 1992.
			 
			 Program starts at 8:00pm
		
 Tickets: PAGB Members: $7	       Non-Members: $10

For Tickets and Dircetions, CALL:
	     			 Dr. Siddiq Abdullah    (508) 872-2174  
	     			 Ahmed  Shah            (617) 225-8372
--


------

Newsgroups: soc.culture.pakistan,soc.culture.indian
From: asim@irk.ugcs.caltech.edu (A. M. Mughal)
Subject: Re: Re meaning of 14th august
Organization: Caltech Undergraduate Computer Science
Date: Thu, 20 Aug 1992 16:28:46 GMT

In article <l97fj4INN1i8@phad.hsc.usc.edu> banerjee@phad.hsc.usc.edu (Samit Banerjee) writes:
>In article <1992Aug20.032353.4750@cco.caltech.edu> asim@irk.ugcs.caltech.edu (A. M. Mughal) writes:
>
>>	History shows that the area of sub-continent is volatile and 
>>is more likely to disintegrate in smaller states. The on-going uprising in
>>Kashmir, Assam, Punjab, Tamil Nadu should be of greater concern than laying
>>any other territorial claims.
>
>Along similar lines Sind,Baluchistan and Pakistan Ocuupied Kashmir.
>
>But how can we forget the biggest of them all -- BANGLADESH.


                 yes, and all that is only a beginning as one theory puts it.
		 It also says that the process has begun and  
		 there is hardly any way to stop it. The reasons cited are
		 (among others) the search of identity by each sub-culture.  	
		 You may have just heard of former soviet states thinking of 


Asim Mughal
[Standard Disclaimer]
Newsgroups: soc.culture.pakistan
From: bholu@nyx.cs.du.edu (  Bholu)
Subject: Re: The Aga Khan III, Gallery of Freedom Fighters
X-Disclaimer: Nyx is a public access Unix system run by the University
	of Denver for the Denver community.  The University has neither
	control over nor responsibility for the opinions of users.
Organization: Nyx, Public Access Unix at U. of Denver Math/CS dept.
Date: Fri, 21 Aug 92 23:11:31 GMT

In article <1992Aug21.210444.11539@usenet.ins.cwru.edu> khan@ces.cwru.edu
(Mansoor Khan) writes:
>.........
>	Qhaachaar rule. They ended up in Sindh where later
>	Britishers knighted them and gave them the title Aga Khan.
>.........

The title of Aga (Aaqa) Khan was most probably given by a Persian ruler
and not the British. However, the present Aga Khan did receive the title
"His Highness" from the British Queen and the title "His Royal Highness"
from the ex-Shah of Iran. Bernard Lewis's work on the history of the
Assasins and The Ismailis by Farhad Daftary (CUP, 1992) should provide a
detailed account of these changes in the titles by which the Ismaili imams
have been addressed.