From: reen@cs.cornell.edu (Maureen Robinson)
Subject: ISIS Project Summary
Organization: Cornell Univ. CS Dept, Ithaca NY 14853
Date: Tue, 8 Sep 1992 18:01:57 GMT


                      === ISIS PROJECT SUMMARY ===

ORGANIZATION

Cornell University

TITLE OF EFFORT

The ISIS Project: Fault-Tolerance in Large Distributed Systems

OBJECTIVE

Large distributed systems have become pervasive in industrial and
military environments, and the ability to continue operation in the
face of failures is vital. ISIS is a system that offers major advances in
ease of software development for large, fault-tolerant distributed systems
while still providing fast communication and good performance.

APPROACH

The central idea of the ISIS project is to encourage programmers to
develop distributed software using a collection of routines (a
toolkit) that presents a very simple network execution model.  Our
model, virtual synchrony, unifies several aspects of distributed
communication, distributed programming, and the detection of and
reaction to failures in a single programming environment.

ISIS organizes programs into process groups.  Each group has a set
of member processes (they need not be running the same program);
messages can be sent to the members as individuals or to the group as
a whole. The tools of ISIS make it easy for a process group to provide
services fault-tolerantly, to subdivide tasks among the members (e.g.
to search a database in parallel), and to manage replicated data.  The
benefits of this approach are that the programmer can work with
powerful, high level tools, and hence is both more productive and also
less likely to experience the sorts of subtle bugs that are common in
distributed and fault-tolerant programming. Yet, performance is good
because ISIS supports highly asynchronous executions: this is why we
say that the model is ``virtually'' synchronous.

ISIS operates under Mach V3.0, most versions of UNIX, and VMS.  The system
can be used from C, C++, Lisp, Ada and Fortran.  

PROGRESS

The ISIS system has now been available to the public for three years,
and has become a widely used and popular technology for distributed
application development, with an installed base of several hundred
sites.  At Cornell, ISIS applications include Deceit, a distributed
NFS-compatible distributed file system giving high file availability
and transparent recovery from failures and Meta, a system for
developing software that monitors and reacts to events in a controlled
application.  ISIS has been used in several military applications,
including NMRD, a system for detecting nuclear tests by analysis of
siesmic data gathered in a large-scale monitoring network, and SOAS, a
submarine control room simulation.  Recently, ISIS has been selected
as a candidate technology for HIPER-D, a military program intended to
prototype the next generation of the Naval AEGIS system.  

The ISIS effort is currently focused on the development of the next
generation of our technology, which will be targetted to run on the
Mach (OSF 1/AD), UI Atlas (Chorus), and NT platforms, in addition to UNIX.
The new ISIS will be implemented in two ways, one for distributed environments
and one for parallel processors in the CM/5 and Touchstone class.  This new
system will also address security side-by-side with fault-tolerance and will
offer realtime communications capabilities.  In addition to supporting the
current ISIS V3.0.x toolkit, we plan to support an object-oriented toolkit
called ISIS V4.0.x, a security toolkit (as yet unnamed), and the
standard parallel programming interfaces: PVM and Express.

RECENT ACCOMPLISHMENTS

* Completed the basic design of the new ISIS system for OSF 1/AD.

* Developed a new failure detection algorithm and implementation.

* Initial design of a fault-tolerant security architecture.

* Implemented the basic reliable multicast and process groups layer
  of our next-generation system.

* Completed release V2.1 of Meta, our reactive system toolkit.

FY-93 PLANS

* Complete the reimplementation of ISIS running directly on top of Mach and
  Chorus, begin performance evaluation and tuning.

* Continue work on extensions of the basic ISIS protocols and toolkit
  for fault-tolerant systems with real-time and resource constraints.

* Complete a prototype implementation of our new security architecture.

* Port new system to parallel processor environments (Touchstone Paragon)

* Better support for object-oriented and modular programming languages.

* Integrate the Meta system with the UNIX csh command-script language so that
  users can develop ``meta-shell scripts'' for system control and management.

TECHNOLOGY TRANSITION PLANS

Working closely with OSF, Unix International and several major vendors
on integration of ISIS technology into their systems.  Offering commercially
enhanced and supported versions of technology through Isis Distributed Systems
Incorporated.

==========================================================================


                       === SIGNIFICANT EVENT ===

We view our most significant accomplishments during FY 1992 as the
development of a new RISC-style ISIS architecture designed to 
take advantage of the MACH microkernel design philosophy (also
suitable for porting to Chorus, NT, and for use over UNIX).  The
attached viewgraph shows a block diagram of this new system as
it will be structured under OSF 1/AD.  A small ``port groups''
implementation is integrated directly with the Mach network message server, 
where it runs within the kernel with cheap code paths to device
drivers.  Within the application address space, a collection of libraries
prove value-added interfaces to the basic subsystem, supporting the
Isis Toolkit as well as other group-oriented services and tools, such as
a transparent fault-tolerance facility for Mach applications.  In
1993 we expect to complete this system and also port it to the Intel
Touchstone Paragon.

Notice that the viewgraph identifies a ``security'' library.  An important
feature of our new system is that it supports a fault-tolerant security
architecture.  This is not concerned with the Orange-book style of multi-level
security, but rather with providing authentication, encryption, and 
access validation within a group-oriented distributed system.  Our
architecture can be viewed as an extension of the Kerberos style of
security into a fault-tolerant groups environment, although it goes
substantially beyond Kerberos in many ways. We think security will
represent a major enhancement to current Isis functionality.  An initial
implementation will be completed early in 1993.

==========================================================================

	          === POSTSCRIPT FOR QUADCHART ===

(cut here, print remainder to your local postcript laser printer)

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0 0 m 0 ss (Helvetica-Bold02400240) getfont () s
0.00 0.00 0.00 setrgbcolor  (IMPACT) s
savemat setmatrix
0.861 0.861 0 83.986 15.841 el
0 0 1 F
1 1 1 setrgbcolor
/dp_proc pat0 def
false PF
gsave
0 0 0 0 0 B
grestore
n savemat currentmatrix pop [0 1 -1 0 82.8029 20.0645] concat
25.4 1440 div 1.000000 mul dup scale 0 0 m

0 0 m 0 ss (Helvetica-Bold02000200) getfont () s
0.00 0.00 0.00 setrgbcolor  (ENABLES OFF-THE-SHELF APPROACH TO) s
0 0 m 234 ss (Helvetica-Bold02000200) getfont (DEVELOPMENT OF FAULT TOLERANT DISTRIBUTED) s
0 234 m 469 ss (Helvetica-Bold02000200) getfont (SYSTEMS) s
savemat setmatrix
n savemat currentmatrix pop [0 1 -1 0 62.1919 20.4025] concat
25.4 1440 div 1.000000 mul dup scale 0 0 m

0 0 m 0 ss (Helvetica-Bold02000200) getfont () s
0.00 0.00 0.00 setrgbcolor  (GREATLY SIMPLIFIES DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING, HENCE) s
0 0 m 234 ss (Helvetica-Bold02000200) getfont (INCREASES PRODUCTIVITY AND RELIABILITY) s
savemat setmatrix
n savemat currentmatrix pop [0 1 -1 0 45.6349 21.4165] concat
25.4 1440 div 1.000000 mul dup scale 0 0 m

0 0 m 0 ss (Helvetica-Bold02000200) getfont () s
0.00 0.00 0.00 setrgbcolor  (UNIFIES SOFTWARE DESIGN, MONITORING, CONTROL) s
0 0 m 234 ss (Helvetica-Bold02000200) getfont (IN A SINGLE INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENT) s
savemat setmatrix
n savemat currentmatrix pop [0 1 -1 0 29.4159 23.1055] concat
25.4 1440 div 1.000000 mul dup scale 0 0 m

0 0 m 0 ss (Helvetica-Bold02000200) getfont () s
0.00 0.00 0.00 setrgbcolor  (REDUCES COSTS BY REPLACING SPECIALIZED) s
0 0 m 234 ss (Helvetica-Bold02000200) getfont (FAULT TOLERANT HARDWARE WITH INEXPENSIVE) s
0 234 m 469 ss (Helvetica-Bold02000200) getfont (SOFTWARE) s
savemat setmatrix
n savemat currentmatrix pop [0 1 -1 0 181.467 171.101] concat
25.4 1440 div 1.000000 mul dup scale 0 0 m

0 0 m 0 ss (Helvetica-Bold02400240) getfont () s
0.00 0.00 0.00 setrgbcolor  (NEW IDEAS) s
savemat setmatrix
n savemat currentmatrix pop [0 1 -1 0 172.345 129.879] concat
25.4 1440 div 1.000000 mul dup scale 0 0 m

0 0 m 0 ss (Helvetica-BoldOblique02000200) getfont () s
0.00 0.00 0.00 setrgbcolor  (ISIS TOOLKIT) s
savemat setmatrix
n savemat currentmatrix pop [0 1 -1 0 129.77 129.541] concat
25.4 1440 div 1.000000 mul dup scale 0 0 m

0 0 m 0 ss (Helvetica-BoldOblique02000200) getfont () s
0.00 0.00 0.00 setrgbcolor  (META SYSTEM) s
savemat setmatrix
n savemat currentmatrix pop [0 1 -1 0 121.323 139.34] concat
25.4 1440 div 1.000000 mul dup scale 0 0 m

0 0 m 0 ss (Helvetica-Bold02000200) getfont () s
0.00 0.00 0.00 setrgbcolor  (SOFTWARE APPROACH TO DISTRIBUTED, FAULT) s
0 0 m 234 ss (Helvetica-Bold02000200) getfont (TOLERANT REACTIVE CONTROL) s
savemat setmatrix
n 98.346 129.88 m
98.346 203.2 l
90.575 203.2 l
90.575 129.88 l
cl
0 0 1 F
1 1 1 setrgbcolor
/pat1 {<88888888000000002222222200000000888888880000000022222222000000
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/dp_proc pat1 def
false PF
gsave
0 0 0 0.352 0 B
grestore
n savemat currentmatrix pop [0 1 -1 0 93.2779 137.988] concat
25.4 1440 div 1.000000 mul dup scale 0 0 m

0 0 m 0 ss (Helvetica-Bold02000200) getfont () s
0.00 0.00 0.00 setrgbcolor  (1992) s
savemat setmatrix
n savemat currentmatrix pop [0 1 -1 0 93.2779 162.654] concat
25.4 1440 div 1.000000 mul dup scale 0 0 m

0 0 m 0 ss (Helvetica-Bold02000200) getfont () s
0.00 0.00 0.00 setrgbcolor  (1993) s
savemat setmatrix
n savemat currentmatrix pop [0 1 -1 0 93.2779 187.32] concat
25.4 1440 div 1.000000 mul dup scale 0 0 m

0 0 m 0 ss (Helvetica-Bold02000200) getfont () s
0.00 0.00 0.00 setrgbcolor  (1994) s
savemat setmatrix
n 98.346 153.53 m 90.575 153.53 l
0 0 1 F
1 1 1 setrgbcolor
/dp_proc pat1 def
false PF
gsave
0 0 0 0.352 0 B
grestore
n 98.177 179.89 m 90.405 179.89 l
gsave
0 0 0 0.352 0 B
grestore
n 82.127 165.7 m
80.942 162.14 l
83.312 162.14 l
cl
0 0 0 F
n 82.127 129.88 m
82.127 162.14 l
gsave
0 0 0 0.352 0 B
grestore
n 70.977 177.18 m
69.792 173.63 l
72.162 173.63 l
cl
0 0 0 F
n 70.977 141.37 m
70.977 173.63 l
gsave
0 0 0 0.352 0 B
grestore
n 48 192.73 m
46.815 189.17 l
49.185 189.17 l
cl
0 0 0 F
n 48 129.54 m
48 189.17 l
gsave
0 0 0 0.352 0 B
grestore
n 47.896 151.17 m
45.53 151.17 l
gsave
0 0 0 0.352 0 B
grestore
n savemat currentmatrix pop [0 1 -1 0 40.5669 139.34] concat
25.4 1440 div 1.000000 mul dup scale 0 0 m

0 0 m 0 ss (Helvetica-Bold01800180) getfont () s
0.00 0.00 0.00 setrgbcolor  (Preliminary) s
0 0 m 211 ss (Helvetica-Bold01800180) getfont (    Version) s
savemat setmatrix
n 48.145 164.68 m
45.78 164.68 l
gsave
0 0 0 0.352 0 B
grestore
n savemat currentmatrix pop [0 1 -1 0 40.5669 159.275] concat
25.4 1440 div 1.000000 mul dup scale 0 0 m

0 0 m 0 ss (Helvetica-Bold01800180) getfont () s
0.00 0.00 0.00 setrgbcolor  (Release) s
0 0 m 211 ss (Helvetica-Bold01800180) getfont (to OSF) s
savemat setmatrix
n 47.912 177.73 m
45.547 177.73 l
gsave
0 0 0 0.352 0 B
grestore
n savemat currentmatrix pop [0 1 -1 0 40.5669 173.466] concat
25.4 1440 div 1.000000 mul dup scale 0 0 m

0 0 m 0 ss (Helvetica-Bold01800180) getfont () s
0.00 0.00 0.00 setrgbcolor  (Complete) s
0 0 m 211 ss (Helvetica-Bold01800180) getfont (ISIS V4.0) s
savemat setmatrix
n 29.754 183.94 m
28.569 180.39 l
30.939 180.39 l
cl
0 0 0 F
n 29.754 140.69 m
29.754 180.39 l
gsave
0 0 0 0.352 0 B
grestore
n 29.247 151.5 m
26.882 151.5 l
gsave
0 0 0 0.352 0 B
grestore
n 29.585 177.86 m
27.22 177.86 l
gsave
0 0 0 0.352 0 B
grestore
n savemat currentmatrix pop [0 1 -1 0 22.3209 167.722] concat
25.4 1440 div 1.000000 mul dup scale 0 0 m

0 0 m 0 ss (Helvetica-Bold01800180) getfont () s
0.00 0.00 0.00 setrgbcolor  (Enhanced) s
0 0 m 211 ss (Helvetica-Bold01800180) getfont (Protocols) s
savemat setmatrix
n savemat currentmatrix pop [0 1 -1 0 22.3209 141.277] concat
25.4 1440 div 1.000000 mul dup scale 0 0 m

0 0 m 0 ss (Helvetica-Bold01800180) getfont () s
0.00 0.00 0.00 setrgbcolor  (Preliminary) s
0 0 m 211 ss (Helvetica-Bold01800180) getfont (    Version) s
savemat setmatrix
n savemat currentmatrix pop [0 1 -1 0 196.672 32.2285] concat
25.4 1440 div 1.000000 mul dup scale 0 0 m

0 0 m 0 ss (Helvetica-BoldOblique02800280) getfont () s
0.00 0.00 0.00 setrgbcolor  (THE ISIS PROJECT:  FAULT TOLERENCE IN LARGE DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS) s
savemat setmatrix
0.861 0.861 0 63.881 15.84 el
0 0 1 F
1 1 1 setrgbcolor
/pat2 {<55555555AAAAAAAA55555555AEAEAEAE55555555AAAAAAAA55555555EAEAEA
EA55555555AAAAAAAA55555555AEAEAEAE55555555AAAAAAAA55555555EAEAEAEA555555
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/dp_proc pat2 def
false PF
gsave
0 0 0 0 0 B
grestore
0.861 0.861 0 47.538 15.84 el
0 0 1 F
1 1 1 setrgbcolor
/dp_proc pat2 def
false PF
gsave
0 0 0 0 0 B
grestore
0.861 0.861 90 31.048 15.84 el
0 0 1 F
1 1 1 setrgbcolor
/dp_proc pat2 def
false PF
gsave
0 0 0 0 0 B
grestore
0.861 0.861 0 123.01 133.6 el
0 0 1 F
1 1 1 setrgbcolor
/dp_proc pat0 def
false PF
gsave
0 0 0 0 0 B
grestore
n 59.489 177.18 m
58.304 173.63 l
60.674 173.63 l
cl
0 0 0 F
n 59.489 141.37 m
59.489 173.63 l
gsave
0 0 0 0.352 0 B
grestore
n savemat currentmatrix pop [0 1 -1 0 82.1279 204.552] concat
25.4 1440 div 1.000000 mul dup scale 0 0 m

0 0 m 0 ss (Helvetica02000200) getfont () s
0.00 0.00 0.00 setrgbcolor  (Design Mach port) s
0 0 m 233 ss (Helvetica02000200) getfont (group system) s
savemat setmatrix
n savemat currentmatrix pop [0 1 -1 0 32.4579 204.552] concat
25.4 1440 div 1.000000 mul dup scale 0 0 m

0 0 m 0 ss (Helvetica02000200) getfont () s
0.00 0.00 0.00 setrgbcolor  (Parallel processor) s
0 0 m 233 ss (Helvetica02000200) getfont (version) s
savemat setmatrix
n savemat currentmatrix pop [0 1 -1 0 138.619 12.3825] concat
25.4 1440 div 1.000000 mul dup scale 0 0 m

0 0 m 0 ss (Helvetica-Narrow01600160) getfont () s
0.00 0.00 0.00 setrgbcolor  (TRADER) s
savemat setmatrix
n savemat currentmatrix pop [0 1 -1 0 178.191 46.9115] concat
25.4 1440 div 1.000000 mul dup scale 0 0 m

0 0 m 0 ss (Helvetica-Narrow01600160) getfont () s
0.00 0.00 0.00 setrgbcolor  (HISTORICAL) s
savemat setmatrix
n savemat currentmatrix pop [0 1 -1 0 166.703 55.0215] concat
25.4 1440 div 1.000000 mul dup scale 0 0 m

0 0 m 0 ss (Helvetica-Narrow01600160) getfont () s
0.00 0.00 0.00 setrgbcolor  (PRICE) s
savemat setmatrix
n savemat currentmatrix pop [0 1 -1 0 151.836 101.312] concat
25.4 1440 div 1.000000 mul dup scale 0 0 m

0 0 m 0 ss (Helvetica-Narrow01600160) getfont () s
0.00 0.00 0.00 setrgbcolor  (TELEMETRY INPUT) s
0 0 m 187 ss (Helvetica-Narrow01600160) getfont (    \(PRICES, ETC.\)) s
savemat setmatrix
n savemat currentmatrix pop [0 1 -1 0 129.535 99.9605] concat
25.4 1440 div 1.000000 mul dup scale 0 0 m

0 0 m 0 ss (Helvetica-Narrow01600160) getfont () s
0.00 0.00 0.00 setrgbcolor  (DATA FEEDS) s
savemat setmatrix
n savemat currentmatrix pop [0 1 -1 0 157.242 42.1815] concat
25.4 1440 div 1.000000 mul dup scale 0 0 m

0 0 m 0 ss (Helvetica-Narrow01600160) getfont () s
0.00 0.00 0.00 setrgbcolor  (VOLATILITY) s
savemat setmatrix
n savemat currentmatrix pop [0 1 -1 0 116.695 87.7965] concat
25.4 1440 div 1.000000 mul dup scale 0 0 m

0 0 m 0 ss (Helvetica-Narrow01600160) getfont () s
0.00 0.00 0.00 setrgbcolor  (JAPAN, ZURICH, ETC.) s
savemat setmatrix
n savemat currentmatrix pop [0 1 -1 0 129.873 35.7615] concat
25.4 1440 div 1.000000 mul dup scale 0 0 m

0 0 m 0 ss (Helvetica-Narrow01600160) getfont () s
0.00 0.00 0.00 setrgbcolor  (MONITOR) s
0 0 m 187 ss (Helvetica-Narrow01600160) getfont ( CONTROL) s
savemat setmatrix
n savemat currentmatrix pop [0 1 -1 0 158.256 67.8609] concat
25.4 1440 div 1.000000 mul dup scale 0 0 m

0 0 m 0 ss (Helvetica-Narrow01600160) getfont () s
0.00 0.00 0.00 setrgbcolor  (      ANALYSIS AND) s
0 0 m 187 ss (Helvetica-Narrow01600160) getfont (DATABASE MODULES) s
savemat setmatrix
n savemat currentmatrix pop [0 1 -1 0 116.681 26.9765] concat
25.4 1440 div 1.000000 mul dup scale 0 0 m

0 0 m 0 ss (Helvetica-Narrow01600160) getfont () s
0.00 0.00 0.00 setrgbcolor  (LAN MANAGER) s
savemat setmatrix
n savemat currentmatrix pop [0 1 -1 0 116.681 49.2775] concat
25.4 1440 div 1.000000 mul dup scale 0 0 m

0 0 m 0 ss (Helvetica-Narrow01600160) getfont () s
0.00 0.00 0.00 setrgbcolor  (LONG-HAUL/WAN SPOOLER) s
savemat setmatrix
n savemat currentmatrix pop [0 1 -1 0 141.436 34.1299] concat
25.4 1440 div 1.000000 mul dup scale 0 0 m

0 0 m 0 ss (Helvetica-Narrow01600160) getfont () s
0.00 0.00 0.00 setrgbcolor  (BID/) s
0 0 m 187 ss (Helvetica-Narrow01600160) getfont (OFFER) s
savemat setmatrix
grestore

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