From: trh@jack.sns.com (Al Trh)
Newsgroups: soc.culture.turkish
Subject: News Dec 16
Date: 17 Dec 1992 14:48:21 -0600
Organization: UTexas Mail-to-News Gateway
Reply-To: Turkish Cultural Program List <TRKNWS-L%USCVM.BitNet@pucc.PRINCETON.EDU>
NNTP-Posting-Host: cs.utexas.edu

12/16 GULLIT LIFTS NETHERLANDS TO 3-1 VICTORY OVER TURKEY

    ISTANBUL, Dec 16, Reuter - The Netherlands beat Turkey
3-1 (halftime 0-0) in their World Cup European group two
soccer qualifier on Wednesday.
    Scorers:
    Turkey - Feyyaz Ucar (60th min)
    Netherlands - Peter Van Vossen (57th, 87th), Ruud Gullit
(59th)

    ISTANBUL, Dec 16, Reuter - Ruud Gullit returned to
international soccer with a goal in an inspiring performance
that lifted the Netherlands to a 3-1 victory over Turkey and
finally brought their World Cup campaign to life.
    But in a Dutch side shorn of star strikers Marco van
Batsen and Dennis Bergkamp, it was novice international
Peter van Vossen who emerged the hero with two goals which
doubled his World Cup tally.
    The Dutch, beaten by Norway and held to a draw at home
by Poland in their opening group two games, initially
struggled in wet conditions to break down the Turkish
defence and did not open their account until the 57th
minute.
    Vossen, who scored both goals in the 2-2 draw against
Poland, opened the scoring and two minutes later Gullit
marked his return from three months' voluntary exile with
the Netherland's second.
    But Turkey struck back immediately, rocking Dutch
confidence with a goal by Feyyaz Ucar in the 60th minute.
    The Dutch held out and Anderlecht striker Van Vossen,
playing only his third international, made the game safe
with his second goal three minutes from time to move the
Netherlands third, level on points with England and Poland.

    Group two standings

 Norway          4   3   1   0   15   2   7
 England         2   1   1   0    5   1   3
 Netherlands     3   1   1   1    6   5   3
 Poland          2   1   1   0    3   2   3
 Turkey          4   1   0   3    5   9   2
 San Marino      3   0   0   3    1  16   0





From:     A. A. Toprak / MCI ID: 421-1884

TO:       TRH Subject:  News-Wed.


DIVIDED NATO ALLIES TO DISCUSS YUGOSLAVIA, PEACE-KEEPING
    By Nicholas Doughty
    BRUSSELS, Dec 17, Reuter - NATO nations, although
divided over whether to take new military action in the
former Yugoslavia, may carve out a new peace-keeping role in
Europe for the alliance when they meet on Thursday.
    A meeting of NATO foreign ministers is not expected to
decide new measures to try and stop the worsening conflict,
despite growing public and political pressure, since that
would be up to the United Nations, diplomats said.
    Although many Western nations are reluctant to take
military action in Bosnia, NATO is making contingency plans
for enforcing the U.N. no-fly zone there, creating safe
havens for civilians and preventing the war spreading
further in the Balkans.
    "There's going to be a serious discussion of what more
we could do, but don't look for any decisions," said one
diplomat.
    The divisions have become clearer this week during a
European security conference in Stockholm and international
talks on the conflict in Geneva on Wednesday.
    In Geneva, the United States denounced Serb leaders over
war crimes. Washington is willing to consider enforcing the
no-fly zone over Bosnia and lifting a U.N. arms embargo so
that Bosnia's beleaguered Moslems could defend themselves
better.
    France also supports the use of some force, but Britain
has misgivings because it says troops escorting humanitarian
convoys and aid workers could be at risk if military
measures are taken.
    Russia, however, said the Bosnian Serbs were ready for
peace and to meet the demands of the international
community.
    Those four countries -- Russia, the United States,
France and Britain --hold four of the five seats on the
U.N.'s Permanent Security Council. China has the fifth.
    Other NATO allies are also split. Turkey wants military
intervention to help Moslems in Bosnia, while Greece said on
Wednesday it would have nothing to do with such action.
    Albania, warning that war will spread through the
Balkans, became the first former Warsaw Pact country to
apply to join NATO on Wednesday but received a lukewarm
response.
    The West has ruled out sending in large numbers of
combat forces to try to resolve the conflict, which has
brought more than 17,000 deaths in Bosnia alone, although
Moslem states are pressing for action by next month.
    The conflict has added fresh urgency to NATO's planning
for a new peace-keeping role, which would allow the alliance
to help the United Nations or the Conference on Security and
Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) in missions like the one in
Bosnia.
    NATO foreign ministers are hoping they can strike a
landmark deal at a meeting with former Warsaw Pact enemies
on Friday to start planning for joint peace-keeping missions
in the other crises that may erupt in post-Cold War Europe.
    But they must first solve a row at the meeting on
Thursday over NATO's future role with France, which has been
reluctant to expand the role of the U.S.-led alliance beyond
the defence of its 16 member states.
    A senior French official said on Wednesday France was
his prepared to give the alliance a peace-keeping role and
take part in allied military planning of such operations.
"We are in favour of giving NATO a role within certain
limits," he said.
    But NATO sources said that French objections to the
scheme were linked to how it would work in practice, not the
principle of whether the alliance could get involved.
    France is insisting that all decisions on peace-keeping
be taken by the 16 allies, which other nations fear could
undercut the military wing of the alliance which France left
in 1966.      Diplomats say the French are keen to develop
more independent European institutions and are worried that
the U.S.-led alliance may undercut the authority of the
CSCE.
    The United States and other allies insist that NATO,
which built up a vast military structure during the Cold
War, must take on this new role within its existing military
structure if it is to remain relevant now the old threat has
disappeared.
    Eastern European nations, many of whom are keen on
closer ties with NATO and eventual membership in the
alliance, have been pressing the French to back down.
    If the NATO allies can overcome the problem on Thursday,
the way will be clear for a wider peace-keeping agreement on
Friday at a meeting of the 37-nation North Atlantic
Cooperation Council, which links NATO members with its
former foes.


12/16 1427  RUSSIA BACKS SERBS AS U.S. TALKS OF WAR CRIMES

    By Philippe Naughton
    GENEVA, Dec 16, Reuter - The two Cold War superpowers
displayed deep divisions over the Bosnian crisis on
Wednesday with the United States denouncing Serb leaders
over war crimes while Russia said they were ready for peace.
    The split came as mediators Cyrus Vance and Lord Owen
pleaded with the West to hold back from military action
against the rebel Serbs and give Geneva peace talks one last
chance.
    The mediators, backed up by U.N. Secretary-General
Boutros Boutros-Ghali, urged foreign ministers gathered to
discuss the Bosnian war to show caution in enforcing a U.N.

  ,.) @
Instead, they said other kinds of pressure should be applied
on the Serbs and their allies in Serbia itself and announced
a diplomatic drive over the New Year for a political
settlement.
    "Practically speaking, there are no serious alternatives
to a negotiated political settlement," U.N. envoy Vance told
the 29-nation conference.
    U.S. Secretary of State Lawrence Eagleburger stepped up
U.S. pressure on the Serbs by saying Serbian President
Slobodan Milosevic and his Bosnian proteges should be held
accountable for their role in the Bosnian conflict.
    In a trenchant speech, he named Bosnian Serb leader
Radovan Karadzic and his army chief Ratko Mladic as
potential defendants alongside Milosevic in a future war
crimes trial.
    "They ought, if charged, to have the opportunity of
defending themselves," Eagleburger said.
    As a succession of foreign ministers backed
Eagleburger's call for a stiffer international response,
Russian deputy Foreign Minister offered a lone voice in
their support.
    In Russia's firmest declaration of backing for their
fellow Orthodox Slavs, Vitaly Churkin said the Bosnian Serbs
were signalling a readiness to make peace with Moslems and
Croats.
    But Churkin did not offer a separate Russian peace plan
for the Balkan crisis despite speculation that he might
after recent talks with Yugoslav, Serbian and Bosnian Serb
leaders.
    "The Bosnian Serb leaders, it appears, have at last come
to recognise that they have to take immediate steps to meet
the demands of the international community," Churkin told
the one-day meeting.
    The meeting, attended by 18 foreign ministers, was
ostensibly to review progress made in some three months of
negotiations in Geneva.
    But rather than hark back to broken promises and failed
ceasefires, ministers focused on their future responses to
Serb military actions and allegations of atrocities unseen
in Europe since the darkest days of World War Two.
    The Serbs, by the far the best armed of the three
factions, have overrun two-thirds of Bosnia, forcing tens of
thousands of Moslems and Croats from their homes in a brutal
campaign dubbed "ethnic cleansing."
    Briefing the conference, European Community envoy Owen
reluctantly endorsed the idea of authorising force to compel
compliance with a no-fly zone in Bosnia-Herzegovina imposed
by the U.N. Security Council in October.
    But he said the United Nations should opt for a more
cautious two-stage resolution and only "after the deepest
analysis by members of the Security Council."
    Diplomats said such a resolution, allowing a two-week
period between adoption and enforcement, was being
negotiated by the United States, Russia, France, Britain and
Belgium.
    The British, who have troops on the ground in Bosnia on
humanitarian mission, remain hesitant about enforcing the
no-fly zone.
    Foreign Secretary Douglas Hurd told the Geneva meeting
that other forms of pressure should also be applied,
including tightening existing sanctions and preparing a raft
of other punitive measures to be held back if the crisis
deepened.
    Hurd said such steps could include sealing Serbia's land
borders, cutting off its telecommunications systems and
blocking its participation in all international bodies.


12/16 FIGHTS FLARE IN BOSNIA WHILE WEST DEBATES ROLE

    By Donald Forbes
    LJUBOVIJA, Yugoslavia, Dec 16, Reuter - Furious fighting
between rival Serbs and Moslems on Wednesday brought
Bosnia's war closer to the border with Yugoslavia and defied
efforts by international negotiators to end it.
    The scale of the fighting forced Bosnian Serbs to
evacuate the Bosnian town of Bratunac just across the
Yugoslav border, Serbian soldiers told Reuter reporters in
the area.
    Moslems and Serbs in neighbouring Srebrenica have both
claimed large numbers of civilians killed. Hospital workers
in Ljubovija said 150 Serb fighters had been killed since
Monday.
    Fighting was reported across the rest of Bosnia,
especially along a northern life-line from Serbia proper to
Serb-held areas in western Bosnia and Croatia.
    U.S. Secretary of State Lawrence Eagleburger stepped up
pressure on the Serbs by saying Serbian President Slobodan
Milosevic and Bosnian Serb military chiefs should be held
accountable for their roles in the conflict.
    He singled out Bosnian Serb leader Radovan Karadzic and
his army chief Ratko Mladic as potential defendants
alongside Milosevic in a war crimes trial.
    At a special conference of 29 nations in Geneva,
Yugoslav crisis mediators Cyrus Vance and Lord Owen pleaded
with Western powers to hold off on military action against
Bosnia's rebel Serbs and give peace talks one last chance.
    Backed up by U.N. chief Boutros Boutros-Ghali, the two
told foreign ministers to show caution in enforcing a U.N.
military no-fly zone repeatedly breached by the all-
conquering Serbs.
    They announced a major diplomatic flurry over the New
Year to try to reach a political settlement.
    But in his briefing of the ministers, European Community
envoy Owen reluctantly endorsed the idea of authorising
force to compel compliance with the no-fly zone.
    France stepped up the pressure, saying it backed the use
of force if necessary to gain access to Serb prison camps in
Bosnia-Herzegovina and close them down.
    Prime Minister Pierre Beregovoy told parliament: "The
French government does not rule out any solution to bring
the massacres to an end."
    French junior Foreign Minister Georges Kiejman said the
United States was proposing pre-emptive bombing strikes
against Serb targets.
    He said France and Britain supported "the interception
and if necessary the destruction of aircraft which violate
Bosnian airspace," but not pre-emptive bombing, which could
lead to reprisals against civilians and U.N. troops.

12/16 Fighting Ravages Tajikistan

   MOSCOW (AP) -- Clashes raged across Tajikistan on
Wednesday as forces loyal to the month-old government tried
to keep control of the Central Asian republic, news reports
said.
   Troops loyal to new leader Emomali Rakhmonov battled in
the eastern suburbs of Dushanbe, the capital, with fighters
from the Islamic-democratic alliance. The alliance lost
power in November but held the capital until last week.
   Rakhmonov's forces are comprised of pro-Communist
militias, Uzbek militants and fighters from his own region
of Kulyab. They are allied with ousted President Rakhmon
Nabiyev, an ex-Communist.
   The short-lived Islamic-demcratic alliance was composed
mainly of opposition parties in the capital and pro-Islamic
militants from the southern Kurgan-Tyube region. It took
power in September after forcing Nabiyev to resign.
   The impoverished republic bordering Afghanistan has been
wracked by civil war for months, leaving hundreds dead and
forcing tens of thousands to flee their homes for
neighboring countries.
   Thousands of people also have flooded Tajikistan's
southern border, apparently seeking refuge in Afghanistan
from the pro-Nabiyev forces who have returned to power.
ITAR-Tass said more than 50,000 people already had crossed
into Afghanistan, although the figure could not be
confirmed.
   In other developments:
   --Ten ethnic Russians reportedly were kidnapped in the
capital Tuesday, Interfax quoted the Russian Embassy in
Dushanbe as saying. Embassy officials said Russia's 201st
Division would help search for the missing people.
   --Pro-Nabiyev forces on Wednesday stormed an opposition
stronghold in the town of Kofarnikhon, east of the capital,
the Interfax news agency said. The town of Ovul southeast of
the capital also was badly damaged, it said.
   --Unidentified fighters raided a prison just outside
Dushanbe and freed 600 prisoners, some of whom reportedly
then joined the opposition, Interfax and the ITAR-Tass news
agency reported, quoting the Interior Ministry.
   Tensions also were high Wednesday between Russia and
Georgia over the downing of a Russian helicopter this week
that killed 39 people, including 20 children, in the war-
torn southern state.
   Georgian parliament speaker Vakhtang Goguadze said his
government would halt peace talks between Russia and Georgia
"because of Moscow's interference in Georgia's affairs."
   Russian troops have been deployed in the region under an
agreement to form a buffer between Georgian forces and
Abkhazian separatists.
   Russian Defense Minister Pavel Grachev, speaking to
reporters in Moscow, revealed that Russian fighter jets had
retaliated against the Georgian positions that allegedly
fired the fatal surface-to-air missile.
   The helicopter was shot down on Monday while carrying
refugees from the breakaway Abkhazia region. The Georgian
government claims to have evidence the helicopter was
carrying guerrillas.
Newsgroups: soc.culture.turkish