From: brad@SSD.CSD.HARRIS.COM (Brad Appleton)
Newsgroups: rec.martial-arts
Subject: Summary of Korean Terminology for TKD
Summary: Thanks to all who replied
Date: 12 Aug 92 18:59:51 GMT
Organization: Harris Computers Systems Division, Fort Lauderdale,FL

Wow - many thanks to all of you who responded to my request for
Korean terminology for TKD. There are too many of you to thank
individually, but that does not mean I appreciate your replies
any less.

I also received a vast number of requests to summarize my replies
(enough to merit a post IMHO).

I tried to compile all your replies into a somewhat logical format.
The list is by no means all encompassing and I only included terms
that were verified by more than one source. Here is the result ...



              A Summary of Korean Terminology for TaeKwonDo

                        compiled by  Brad Appleton




   Introduction
   ============

   This document is an attempt to compile a list of Korean terminology
   used in the study of TaeKwonDo.  In years past, the terminology used
   was based upon Chinese. Since then however, most styles have "upgraded"
   to use a more "modern" Korean terminology that is more "in sync" with
   the semantics of the Korean language. Wherever possible, I have tried
   to use this "new" (more modern) terminology.

   Obviously, the Korean language is not written using the Roman alphabet,
   so all the spellings you see here are mere approximations and will not
   necesarily be the same spellings that some of you are used to seeing.


   Counting to 10 in Korean
   ========================

        1    hanah
        2    dool
        3    set
        4    net
        5    dasot
        6    yosot (pronounced more like "yawsot")
        7    ilgop
        8    yodol (sort of like "yawdol")
        9    ahop
        10   yool (or "yeol" or "yol")


   The stress in "hanah", "dasot", and "yosot" is on the first syllable,
   in "ilgop", "yodol", and "ahop" on the second.  In counting cadence in
   TaeKwonDo, this is so emphasized that the other syllable frequently
   almost disappears (e.g., "han", "das", "yos", "lgop", "hop", etc.).

   The Korean names for 1st-10th
   =============================

   These are not cardinal numbers (first, second, etc.).  They are another
   numbering system.  The numbers hanah, dool, etc. are most frequently
   used when you're talking about something that's counted; il, i, etc.
   for other things (which usually correspond to cardinal numbers). For
   example, a first degree black belt would be an "il dan".

   These numbers are:

        1    il ("eel")
        2    i ("ee")
        3    sam ("sahm")
        4    sa ("sah")
        5    o ("oh")
        6    ryuk ("yook")
        7    chil
        8    pal
        9    ku
        10   ship

   The final `l' in "chil" and "pal" isn't rounded, like an American `l' ....
   it's a much shorter sound, sort of like the initial `l' in "let", but
   even shorter.  It's not like the `l' in "ball".

   When pronouncing the word "ship", you MUST NOT emphasize the "sh" sound.
   It's almost more like "sip" with a sort of a lisp.  If you pronounce it
   like "sh" in "shell", you will be talking about sexual intercourse.


   Other Korean Terminology
   ====================

   Stances
   -------

        sohgi                 stance
        anjun sohgi           sitting stance
        ap sohgi              front stance
        ap koo bi sohgi       front bent knee stance
        bom sohgi             cat stance
        chagi sohgi           kicking stance
        dwi koo bi sohgi      back bent knee stance
        dwi sohgi             back stance
        gunnoon sohgi         walking stance
        juchoom sohgi         horse stance
        kima sohgi            riding stance
        mot sohgi             fighting stance
        onnoon sohgi          sitting stance
        choon bi sohgi        ready stance
        dong yuk sohgi        dynamic stance
        cha yun sohgi         natural stance


   Directions/Motions
   ------------------

        oo                    right
        joa                   left
        ap                    front
        an                    inner
        bakkat                outer
        bandae                reverse
        bituro                twisting
        dwi                   back
        gamya                 stepping
        uro                   moving in a particular direction
                              (e.g. "ap uro gamya" - stepping forward)
        anuro                 inward
        bakuro                outward
        twim yah              jumping
        dolya                 turning
        dora                  to turn
        dolmyo                spinning
        mee kul myu           sliding


   Kicks
   -----

        chagi                 kick (or snap kick)
        cha olligi            stretching kick
        ap chagi              front kick
        bandall chagi         moon kick
        pyojuk chagi          crescent kick
        dwi chagi             back kick
        dolya chagi           round (roundhouse) kick
        bandae dolya chagi    reverse round kick ("hook kick" for some styles)
        dwi dolya chagi       hook kick (back round kick)
        olloy chagi           ax kick
        yup chagi             side kick


   Hand Attacks
   ------------

        chirugi               punch
        chigi                 strike
        sonkal                knifehand
        joomok                fist
        doong joomuk          back fist
        yup joomuk            side fist
        sanbadak chigi        palmhand strike
        sontong chigi         backhand strike
        doo bun chirugi       double punch
        sae bun chirugi       triple punch
        kwon su chirugi       spearfinger thrust
        sonkut chirugi        finger thrust
        sewo chirugi          vertical punch
        dolya chirugi         round punch
        dwijubo chirugi       upset punch
        olliyo chirugi        upward punch


   Blocks
   ------

        makki                 block
        bakkat palmak makki   outer forearm block
        an palmak makki       inner forearm block
        sang palmak makki     twin forearm block
        anuro makki           inward block
        bakuro makki          outward block
        ahrae makki           low block
        gutjha makki          nine-shaped block
        daebi makki           guarding block
        cho kyo makki         rising block


   Commands
   --------

        charrot               attention
        choon bi              ready
        dwi ro dorah          about face
        elosoh                stand
        gomahn                stop
        gooky a hyanghayoh    face the flag
        hai san               class dismissed
        jonglee               line up
        kyenyae               bow
        onjoe                 sit
        pah ro                return to ready position
        pal bah kwah          switch your stance (switch sides)
        koo ryung op see      in your own time
        seijak                begin
        shiuh                 relax


   Body Parts
   ----------

        ahrae                 lower body (low section)
        bahl                  feet
        dahlee                leg
        eep                   mouth
        palkup                elbow
        gi                    ear
        joomok                fist
        ko                    nose
        mok                   neck
        molee                 head
        momtong               middle body (middle section)
        mooloop               knee
        myung chi             solar plexus
        noon                  eye
        ouka                  shoulder
        pahl                  arm
        palmak                forearm
        sohn                  hand
        ulgool                face & head


   Sparring
   --------

        kyuroogi              (free) sparring
        han bun kyurugi       one step sparring
        doo bun kyurugi       two step sparring
        sae bun kyurugi       three step sparring
        ban ja yu kyurugi     semi free sparring


   Miscellaneous
   -------------

        danjang               fix
        dhee                  belt
        dobok                 uniform
        dojang                school (house of discipline)
        gup                   grade
        dan                   degree
        jang                  a page (similar to a page)
        joncha                every one
        kihap                 yell
        kahm sa ham nee da    thank you
        jer maenyo            (you're) welcome
        mukyum                meditation
        onyonghe asayo        hello
        onyonghe gasayo       goodbye
        pil sung              certain victory
        poomse                form (pronounced "poom-say")
        hyung                 form
        sah bum nim           master (or senior instructor)
        jung sin yuk          mental strength (martial art spirit)
        yung suk              combination
        Tai Geuk Gi           the Korean flag


______________________ "And miles to go before I sleep." ______________________
 Brad Appleton           brad@ssd.csd.harris.com       Harris Computer Systems
                            uunet!travis!brad          Fort Lauderdale, FL USA
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Disclaimer: I said it, not my company! ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~