HDTenEightyP/NetNews huggingface dataset:
From: rjh1@FORTH.STIRLING.AC.UK (Mr Richard J Harrison)
Newsgroups: sci.lang.japan
Subject: "Have Fun" in Japanese
Date: 15 Sep 92 07:37:59 GMT
Reply-To: NIHONGO@mitvma.mit.edu
Organization: The Internet

NOt quite sure what all the fuss is about with this 'have fun'
expresssion !!!

You can say 'tanoshinde kudasai' (from tanoshimu) without any problems
to convey the same meaning as 'have fun'

Also, the difference between o-genki ni and o-daiji ni is that the
latter is used when someone is not feeling well. When I first went to
Japan my mother made me a cake and iced on 'o-daiji ni' which she
found in my textbook (Colloquial Japanese - Hamamura) which gave the
English gloss of 'take care'.... my Japanese friend who came round for
dinner as well could hardly contain himself !!!! Don't first year
students do this sort of thing all the time !!

Anyway hope this sheds some light on this 'problem'... tanoshinde neeee
!!

**********************************************************************
*           Richard Harrison      Teaching Fellow                    *
*           Scottish Centre for Japanese Studies                     *
*           University of Stirling                                   *
*           Stirling FK9 4LA, U.K.                                   *
*           Tel 0786 66080    Fax 0786 66088                         *
**********************************************************************
Newsgroups: sci.lang.japan
From: colric@tartarus.uwa.edu.au (Colin Richards)
Subject: Re: What's an idiom (Was: Re: Monotarinai)
Organization: University of Western Australia
Date: Mon, 7 Sep 1992 02:17:57 GMT

Could someone please explain to an ignorant Australian what "a dog's
death" means.

Colin
Newsgroups: sci.lang.japan
From: hiraga@Csli.Stanford.EDU (Yuzuru Hiraga)
Subject: Re: kanji of the day ?38
Organization: Stanford University CSLI
Date: Tue, 8 Sep 1992 09:38:21 GMT

In article <jwb.715913640@capek.rdt.monash.edu.au> jwb@capek.rdt.monash.edu.au (Jim Breen) writes:
>stueber@VAX.MPIZ-KOELN.MPG.DBP.DE writes:
>>KANJI OF THE DAY # 38
>>JIS      = 1895 (serial number)
>...
>>   OnYomi: KI
>>  Kunyomi: o(kiru)  -  (v.i.) to rise, to get up, (a fire) is kindled,
>>                       to awake, to occur
>>           o(kosu)  -  (v.t.) to raise, to awaken, to pick up (someone)
>>           oko(ru)  -  to happen; to break out, originate in
>
>Nelson also has "ta", but I cannot find a compound using it.

"ta" seems to be for "ta(tsu)" (v.i.), meaning to uprise or
initiate a (political) action (revolt, run for presidency, etc.).
This usage is unlikely to be orthodox, and has a metaphorical or
poetic flavor.

BTW perhaps we shouldn't forget:
bokKI	erection :-)

-Yuzuru Hiraga
Newsgroups: sci.lang.japan
From: Dave_Spence.Ebina_PBU@FUJIXEROX.XEROX.COM
Subject: Re:  o daiji ni
Reply-To: Dave_Spence.Ebina_PBU@fujixerox.xerox.com
Organization: The Internet
Date: Mon, 14 Sep 1992 23:35:42 GMT

Sep 15, 1992

>o daiji ni< is definitely used when a person is already ill or has recently
been ill, but it also can be used whether the person is or is not sick. It is
used as >Take care of yourself<.
It's a polite expression that, in many instances, can be used interchangeably
with >karada ni ki wo stukete kudasai< or >buji ni kaette ne<, etc.
In this sense, it is just another polite phrase used in 'breaking off' a
conversation.
>o-tanoshimi ni<, on the other hand is used to express a wish that you >enjoy
yourself<. Although >go yukkuri< strictly means >take your time<, it implies
that you should enjoy yourself.

Dave Spence

P.S. Many Japanese, especially males, like to perpetuate the myth that the
Japanese don't >have fun< or >enjoy themselves< and so they say things like,
>Oh, we don't say that in Japanese<.  Don't you believe them. All Japanese
males are not stern, serious samurai like in the movies. Believe me, they
enjoy.
Newsgroups: sci.lang.japan
From: fester@island.COM (Mike Fester)
Subject: Re: ATTN: Job Seekers! JOB FAIRS by ADAPT & SHUSHOKU JOHO was Re: Boston Ca
Organization: /usr/local/rn/organization
Date: Fri, 11 Sep 1992 17:25:56 GMT

In article <1992Sep2.154913.42730@kuhub.cc.ukans.edu> jamiller@kuhub.cc.ukans.edu writes:
><stuff deleted>
>
>>>> _shushoku joho's Carreer Forum == 1(800) 999-0179
>
>>>> Adapt Carreer Services == 1(800) 537-2186
>
>The above companies publish magazines for Japanese speakers on
>business and job hunting.  I've found both to be good.  Shushoku joho
>is all Japanese and Adapt is divided half and half.

A data point; I got my first job in Japan by picking up a copy of _Shuushokujou-
hou_, filling out all the postcards for jobs/cities that interested me, and
sending them off to Japan. I got several responses (and 3 trips to Japan, 
gratis) before I selected a company to work for. Not bad. Make sure you fill
the cards out in JAPANESE, though (and of course, this assumes you won't be
attending the fair).

Mike
-- 
Disclaimer - I'm only doing what the little voices tell me to do.
From: MACH2@DMARUM8.BITNET
Newsgroups: sci.lang.japan
Subject: File "MACH2 OUTPUT" being sent to you.
Date: 10 Sep 92 07:21:52 GMT
Organization: The Internet

*--------------------------------- Cut here ----------------------------------*
//testj JOB Echo=No
DISTRIBUTE MAIL
//TO DD *
NIHONGO@MITVMA
/*
//DATA DD *,EOF,Res=Disk
DATE : 09.09.92
FROM: E.PETERMANN <MACH2@DMARUM8>
SUBJECT: TEST
TO:
this is a test,please ignore
Newsgroups: sci.lang.japan
From: hiraga@Csli.Stanford.EDU (Yuzuru Hiraga)
Subject: JIS code (Was Re: kanji of the day ?36)
Organization: Stanford University CSLI
Date: Tue, 8 Sep 1992 08:36:58 GMT

In article <HARKCOM.92Sep7074021@spinach.pa.yokogawa.co.jp> harkcom@spinach.pa.yokogawa.co.jp (Alton Harkcom) writes:
>In article <1992Sep4.170808.25202@hamblin.math.byu.edu> luke@wombat.ee.byu.edu
>   (David Luke) writes:
>
> =}In article <jwb.715562257@capek.rdt.monash.edu.au> jwb@capek.rdt.monash.edu.au (Jim Breen) writes:
> =}>stueber@VAX.MPIZ-KOELN.MPG.DBP.DE writes:
> =}
> =}>>JIS      = 3559 (serial number)
> =}>            ^^^^---hex 4671
> =}
> =}Perhaps a dumb question, but how is 4671 the hex equivalent of 3559 decimal?
>
>   Simple.  3559 is not the decimal equivalent of hex 4671.  The serial
>numbers provided for the kanzi of the day are not really related to JIS.
>(Mr. Stueber explained this previously...)
>
>   The JIS kuten code for this particular kanzi is 3881. (Mr. Breen provided
>the JIS hex code).

Er... the JIS hex code, kuten code, and serial number are all related
through a simple conversion.

First of all, a single Japanese character is encoded by 2 bytes.
The hex code 4671 means that the first byte has the value
0x46 (= 70 in decimal), and the second byte 0x71 (= 113 in decimal).

Each byte uses only the printable characters in ASCII,
which is 0x21 to 0x7e (or 33 to 126 in decimal).
Thus, for each byte, there are only 94 (=126-33+1) entries that are valid.
This set of 94 entries are called a "kuten" or "block",
and are numbered 1 to 94 (not 0 to 93).
To obtain the block number of a byte value, simply subtract
the offset 0x20 (= 32 decimal).
For the hex 0x4671 above, this is 38(=70-32) for the first byte,
and 81(=113-32) for the second byte, which can be read as
"the character 0x4671 is the 81st letter in block 38".
Hence the JIS kuten code 3881 above.

The serial number simply enumerates the valid codes in ascending order.
That is, 0x2121 is serial #1, 0x2122 #2, ..., 0x217e #94, 0x2221 #95, etc.
You can check that 0x4671 is indeed serial number #3559.

To describe it in C:

#define xtoi(c)	((c >= 'a')? c-'a'+10: ((c >= 'A')? c-'A'+10: (c-'0')))
		/* simple hex-digit char. to value conversion */
	char hex[] = "4671";	/* the character in hex string. */
	int kuten[2];		/* 1st/2nd kuten numbers */
	int serial;		/* serial number */

	kuten[0] = xtoi(hex[0])*16 + xtoi(hex[1]) - 32;
	kuten[1] = xtoi(hex[2])*16 + xtoi(hex[3]) - 32;
	serial = (kuten[0]-1)*94 + kuten[1];

You can easily work out the other way around.

-Yuzuru Hiraga
From: ntetsuya@lamar.ColoState.EDU (Nishimura)
Newsgroups: sci.lang.japan
Subject: Re: Kansai <-> Kantou Japanese table What about Zura?
Date: 6 Sep 92 06:07:51 GMT
Organization: Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO  80523

In article <1992Sep5.155953.42810@kuhub.cc.ukans.edu> jamiller@kuhub.cc.ukans.edu writes:
>
>Is _~ dzura_ Gifu and Nagoya-ben?  A Gifu friend of ours uses it often,
>but I recall a Nagoyan friend of ours using it as well.

	Do you mean something like "so^ (d)zura" to mean "yes?"
	Well, I say NO.  I think "(d)zura" is used in some part of Shizuoka.
	I remember Tonoma in the comic "Dokaben" uses "(d)zura" so often.
	Can anyone from Shizuoka confirm/correct this?

	Nagoyan would say "so^ daga ne" or "so^ daga ya."

>-- 
>jamiller@kuhub.cc.ukans.edu
>James Miller
>
					Tetsuya Nishimura
From: nakano@suncom1.cs.shinshu-u.ac.jp (NAKANO Yasuaki)
Newsgroups: sci.lang.japan
Subject: Re: Grammar
Date: 16 Sep 92 00:22:41 GMT
Reply-To: nakano@suncom1.cs.shinshu-u.ac.jp (NAKANO Yasuaki)
Organization: Dept. of Information Engineering, Shinshu Univ.,500 wakasato, Nagano, Japan

In article <9209151808.AA14410@bloom-beacon.MIT.EDU> NIHONGO@mitvma.mit.edu writes:
>(1) As a variation on -shinakereba naranai, -shinereba naranai

The form "-shinereba" does not appear. It must be written as "-seneba".
You could have written as "-sineba", if the verb "suru (su)" had not
an irregular conjugation.
The article "-ne" is an inflected form of the old negation particle "-zu".
      suru   -> sinai     -> sinakereba
      su(ru) -> sezu      -> seneba
In your examples
      toru   -> toranai   -> toranakereba 
      toru   -> torazu    -> toraneba
      nasu   -> nasareru  -> nasarenai     -> nasarenakereba
      nasu   -> nasaru    -> nasarezu      -> nasareneba

Yasuaki NAKANO
nakano@wakasato.cs.shinshu-u.ac.jp
Newsgroups: sci.lang.japan
From: SASAKI@RHODES.BITNET
Subject: "Let's Learn Japanese" in Tennessee
X-Unparsable-Date: Tue, 8 Sep 1992 22: 33:26 TZONE
Reply-To: NIHONGO@mitvma.mit.edu
Organization: The Internet
Date: Wed, 9 Sep 1992 02:33:41 GMT

Could someone let me know whether it is possible to view "Let's Learn
Japanese" in the Memphis area (Tennessee)?

Or could you not let me know the phone number of the distribution office
of this program?

Yoshinori Sasaki
Newsgroups: sci.lang.japan
From: cmr@world.std.com (Charles M Richmond)
Subject: Re: What's an idiom (Was: Re: Monotarinai)
Organization: Integrated International Systems Corp. One Longfellow Place, Suite 3309, Boston, Ma.
Date: Tue, 8 Sep 1992 09:50:58 GMT

colric@tartarus.uwa.edu.au (Colin Richards) writes:

>Could someone please explain to an ignorant Australian what "a dog's
>death" means.

>Colin


A miserable death. "a dog's life" is a miserable life. To "treat like a dog"
is to treat a person like a cur (*smile*) , that is like a lower animal to
be mistreated at will.  Anyway, I am sure that you "get the picture".

Charlie
-- 
*****************************************************************************
*  Charles Richmond 	Integrated International Systems Corporation        *
*  cmr@world.std.com	(Temporary) cmr@chiechan.mro4.dec.com		    *
*  Specializing in UNIX, X, Image Processing, and Communications.           *
Newsgroups: sci.lang.japan
From: schuele@ubeclu.unibe.ch
Subject: TeX-font in Kanji
Reply-To: SCHUELE@HIST.unibe.ch
Organization: University of Bern, Switzerland
Date: Thu, 10 Sep 1992 18:14:26 GMT



Looking for TeX-Fonts for Japanease Langugage (wji...fonts)
============================================================

I work on an international climate history database, that does allow to
print the results in any language the coding scheme has bee translated to
(including Russian Cyrllic, Greek etc) and to print remarks (foonotes) in any
original language. 

Unfortunatly our collaborator from Tokyo has never woked with TeX and is not
specialised in computing. I've tried to get Japanease fonts from several
servers, such as miki.cs.titech.ac.jp and poorman's Japanease from Washington
(blackbox.hacc.washington.edu), but there are just the makros to handle
Japanese, but NO FONTS. 

Yoshio Tagami uses SHIFT-JIS on DOS5.0/V and I easealy could include his text
in {\beginJapanease .... \endJapanease}, if the fonts would be available
somewhere. 

I work both on VAX/VMS and on DOS (for test-printouts). 


Can anyone help me with fonts? 


With all my regards and thanks in advance

Hannes (10-Sep-1992:19:56 MET)


+================== sender ================================================+ 
+ from   Hannes Schuele                                                    +
+        Dept. for Regional and Environmental History Studies              +
+        University of Bern                                                +
+        Engehaldenstrasse  4            (please note:                     +
+        CH-3012  Bern, Switzerland       address will change              +
+                                         from Dec. 1st 1992)              +
+        e-mail:       schuele@hist.unibe.ch                               +
+        HEPNET/SPAN:  20579::49203::schuele                               +
+        DECnet(Switzerland): 49203::schuele (or:  UBEVX1::schuele)        +
+        phone:  +41-31-654863  (direct, office),  +41-31-244302  (home)   +
+                                                                          +
+        others: +41-31-654803  (Bernhist & Euro-Climhist team's room)     +
+                +41-31-653871  (Gudrun Kleinlogel, information scientist) +
+                +41-31-658091  (Secretary, History Dept.)                 +
+                                                                          +
+        fax:    +41-31-654866                                             +
+================== sender =============================================== +
+===%% please note: if you find a backslash (\) in the mail then the  %%===+
+===%%              text does contain tex-standard transcriptions     %%===+
+===%%              of accents such as \"u for German umlaut or       %%===+
+===%%              \cc for cedilla etc. and other tex-linked         %%===+
+===%%              editing informations.                             %%===+
+========================================================================= +
From: gerald readore
Newsgroups: sci.lang.japan
Subject: Re: Canon Wordtank
Date: 11 Sep 1992 17:47:54 GMT
Organization: nasa/jsc

In article <1992Sep9.035119.3991@eskimo.celestial.com> max@eskimo.celestial.com
(Max Pinton) writes:
>	Could someone please mail me info on the Canon Wordtank? I tried
>mailing halford@twics.co.jp with no success. Are they available in the
>U.S.? What, exactly, do they do? How big are they? How do the models vary?
>
>	... thank you!
>
>
The canon wordtank is now available in the U.S. from a company called GITCO in
California. The number is #1-800-JAPAN-07.  There are three models of the
wordtank ranging from $200 - $400.

Gerald
From: ccavers@ersys.edmonton.ab.ca (Cam Cavers)
Newsgroups: sci.lang.japan
Subject: Re: Help me...
Date: Sat, 05 Sep 92 21:43:26 MDT
Organization: Edmonton Remote Systems #3, Edmonton, AB, Canada

rgt@kepler.unh.edu (Richard G Tomasso) writes:

- In article <Tq1HqB3w165w@ersys.edmonton.ab.ca> ccavers@ersys.edmonton.ab.ca (
- >With all the talk lately of learning Japanese as a second language, I'm
- >wondering what suggestions anyone might have for me to do outside of my cour
- >such as any book suggestions, IBM-compatible computer programs I can use, or
- >any study advice.
-
- I think it would be worthwhile to put this type of material to the newsgroup
- directly, since even people who have been studying the language for a while
- may want some new ideas. And it seems to be that more and more people are tak
- up the language, so having some ready references available in postings would
- be helpful to people who check out this newsgroup for help.
-
Common practice on E-mail requests like mine is for the {person who asked the
question to post a summary. I was going to do a written report of the replies I
recieve. I also want to pass the information on to my classmates...

!   *  *  * *    *    ! Cam Cavers: ccavers@ersys.edmonton.ab.ca !SakeSakeSake
!   *   *      ****** ! **************************************** !SakeSakeSake!

!  *     *      *   * ! Member of B.A.K.A.: Banzai Anime         !-Napolipolita

! *      *     *   *  !                     Klub of Alberta      ! (A-ko #1)
Xref: sparky sci.lang.japan:4084 soc.culture.japan:7969
From: kapson@dip.eecs.umich.edu (John Kapson)
Newsgroups: sci.lang.japan,soc.culture.japan
Subject: Re: ATTN: Job Seekers! JOB FAIRS by ADAPT & SHUSHOKU JOHO was Re: Boston Ca
Date: 11 Sep 92 20:57:16 GMT
Organization: University of Michigan EECS Dept., Ann Arbor

In article <1992Sep11.172556.4114@island.COM> fester@island.COM (Mike Fester) writes:
>In article <1992Sep2.154913.42730@kuhub.cc.ukans.edu> jamiller@kuhub.cc.ukans.edu writes:
>><stuff deleted>
>>
>>>>> _shushoku joho's Carreer Forum == 1(800) 999-0179
>>
>>>>> Adapt Carreer Services == 1(800) 537-2186
>>
>>The above companies publish magazines for Japanese speakers on
>>business and job hunting.  I've found both to be good.  Shushoku joho
>>is all Japanese and Adapt is divided half and half.
>
>A data point; I got my first job in Japan by picking up a copy of _Shuushokujou-
>hou_, filling out all the postcards for jobs/cities that interested me, and
>sending them off to Japan. I got several responses (and 3 trips to Japan, 
>gratis) before I selected a company to work for. Not bad. Make sure you fill
>the cards out in JAPANESE, though (and of course, this assumes you won't be
>attending the fair).
>
> Mike

Which spurs me to ask all Non-Japanese currently working in Japan:

   How did you find your positions there?  From what I've heard, if you
   want to do anything besides teach English, you need to have connections.
   Is this so?  How can a connectionless person like myself, for instance,
   find meaningful employment (i.e. engineering) from this side of the
   Pacific?  Any advice or insight would be greatly appreciated!

Regards,
John Kapson
Newsgroups: sci.lang.japan
From: kilpatri@nextnet.csus.edu (Joseph Kilpatrick)
Subject: hentai no imi?
Organization: California State University Sacramento
Date: Mon, 7 Sep 1992 03:17:33 GMT

Chotto ukagaimasu ga..."hentai" no imi wa nan desu ka?

Please email any responses to: kilpatri@nextnet.ccs.csus.edu
-- 
*******************************************************************************
*"I gotta fly like a duck.......... |Alt. lyrics for "Back to Paradise" from  *
* I gotta run like a wounded badger"|Gundam0083[kilpatri.nextnet.ccs.csus.edu]*
*******************************************************************************
Newsgroups: sci.lang.japan
From: dr@ITE.OTA.GOV
Subject: Re: (none)
Reply-To: NIHONGO@mitvma.mit.edu
Organization: The Internet
Date: Mon, 14 Sep 1992 16:58:00 GMT

O tanoshimi ni would mean "I'm looking forward to it," not "Have fun," as it
is short for O tanoshimi-ni shite-imasu.
From: harkcom@spinach.pa.yokogawa.co.jp (Alton Harkcom)
Newsgroups: sci.lang.japan
Subject: Re: Kansai <-> Kantou Japanese table
Date: 8 Sep 92 22:58:09 GMT
	<492@ccsparc01.center.osaka-u.ac.jp>
	<HARKCOM.92Sep8082905@spinach.pa.yokogawa.co.jp>
	<1992Sep8.154327.10450@u.washington.edu>
Organization: Yokogawa Electric Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
In-reply-to: yoichi@milton.u.washington.edu's message of 8 Sep 92 15:43:27 GMT

In article <1992Sep8.154327.10450@u.washington.edu>
   yoichi@milton.u.washington.edu (Yoichi Ii) writes:

 =}Some Q's: 1. What (where) is Kawati-ben?

   Kawati is a part of Osaka.  It is known for it's especially 'different'
dialect.  One example from an old TV CM is 'Kaze hiitemannen' which means
I've caught a cold...

 =}	     2. Is there such thing as Naniwa-ben?

   I have friends from Naniwa but they don't seem to speak much different
from the normal Osaka dialect.  But since I haven't lived in Naniwa (yet)
I can't say that there isn't...

BTW:  Naniwa is known for 'dangerous' drivers.  My friends often tell me
to beware of Naniwa license plates... "Naniwa nanba- ki tukena"
Newsgroups: sci.lang.japan
From: isc30176@nusunix3.nus.sg (CHEN JIA TYAN)
Subject: njj
Organization: National University of Singapore
Date: Tue, 15 Sep 1992 04:34:08 GMT

but how come i get this 'error' when entering njstar
NJSTAR finds that EDICT has a different version from EDICT.DIC  
and then it went on to create a new EDICT.DIC,
which has size 0 bytes.      

thanks  
Newsgroups: sci.lang,alt.usage.english
From: rte@cbnewsi.cb.att.com (ralph.t.edwards)
Subject: Re: RFC: ASCII representation of IPA (technical draft)
Organization: AT&T
Date: Sun, 13 Sep 1992 19:38:06 GMT

In article <1992Sep3.205751.2650@hplabsz.hpl.hp.com> kirshenbaum@hpl.hp.com writes:
>The word "tag" can thus be represented phonemically as
>        /tAg/
...
>a {low,bck,unr,vwl}     U+0251 LATIN SMALL LETTER SCRIPT A
...
>A {low,fnt,unr,vwl}     U+00E6 LATIN SMALL LETTER A E

I find the use of A for the vowel of ash unintuitive since it breaks
the precedent that the more open vowel sound is the capital.

I suggest & for the vowel of ash, a for the intermediate vowel (southern US
like, french chatte etc.) and A for the vowel of father, french a^ etc.
From: RVESTERM@vma.cc.nd.edu
Newsgroups: sci.lang
Subject: Re: Nasalisation
Date: 12 Sep 92 19:21:32 GMT
 <1992Sep12.153214.3794@cbnewsi.cb.att.com>

i am certainly no linguist, but "sentence" has no "a" in it.
From: simons@tuntu.think.com (Joshua Simons)
Newsgroups: sci.lang
Subject: help with latin phrase
Date: 9 Sep 92 17:39:16
Organization: Thinking Machines Corporation, Cambridge MA, USA
Distribution: sci
NNTP-Posting-Host: tuntu.think.com


I'm sorry if this isn't the appropriate group for this, but it was my
best guess...

Could someone help me translate the phrase 'We eat our dead' into Latin?
If it makes a difference, this is meant to be a slogan of sorts. And the
literal meaning is 'We are so tough, that we eat our dead (comrades)."

Thanks for any assistance.

-josh simons
--
simons@think.com
thinking machines corporation
245 first street					tel: 617.234.2844
cambridge, ma  02142-1214				fax: 617.234.4444
From: rwojcik@atc.boeing.com (Richard Wojcik,snake)
Newsgroups: sci.lang
Subject: Re: Cognitive Phonology (was: Cognitive linguistics...)
Date: 8 Sep 92 18:10:28 GMT
Reply-To: rwojcik@atc.boeing.com
Organization: Research & Technology

In article 3864@news.Hawaii.Edu, lee@uhunix.uhcc.Hawaii.Edu (Greg Lee) writes:
>In article <81918@bcsaic.boeing.com> rwojcik@atc.boeing.com writes:
>}No, there is no bifurcation between innate tendencies and actual behaviors in
>}NP, if I understand your general import here. ...
>
>Innate tendencies described by universal processes; actual behaviors described
>by learned contraints on those processes.  Bifurcation.  Did natural phonology
>change when I wasn't looking?

I may have misunderstood Richard's language.  Recall that I claimed that such
terms could be taken to mean almost anything.  I took him to be suggesting that
there was a distinction between the original set of processes that the child
starts out with (the alleged "universal" set) and the residual set that (s)he
ends up with.  The ontological status of the two sets is identical.  That is
all I meant by my statement.  So natural phonology has no set of "markedness
conditions", or some such thing, to help the child figure out how to construct
processes.

-----
Disclaimer:  Opinions expressed above are not those of my employer.

    Rick Wojcik   (rwojcik@atc.boeing.com)   Seattle, WA
Newsgroups: sci.lang,alt.usage.english