HDTenEightyP/NetNews huggingface dataset:
From: msunde01@mik.uky.edu (Mark  Underwood)
Subject: Re: DC to AC on large scale???
Reply-To: msunde01@mik.uky.edu
Organization: University Of Kentucky, Dept. of Math Sciences
Date: Tue, 26 Jan 1993 22:36:17 GMT

In article <schumach.728009085@convex.convex.com> schumach@convex.com  
(Richard A. Schumacher) writes:
> In <1k0rksINNc34@rave.larc.nasa.gov> kludge@grissom.larc.nasa.gov (Scott  
Dorsey) writes:
> 
> 
> >Actually, motor generator sets were pretty common up until about ten  
years
> >ago when efficient silicon stuff became available.  You even see AC-DC
> 
> Sure, but the original question was about regional power distribution.
> Did anyone ever use MG sets to convert AC to DC to feed more than a
> few city blocks?


Wouldn't using motors and generators cause a big drop in efficiency??  It  
seems to me that a lot of power would be wasted in converting the  
electricity to mechanical power and back . . ..  But then I suppose that's  
exactly what gave somebody(-ies) the idea of doing it with silicon ??

--
Mark Underwood
EE Student, University of Kentucky
Lab Assistant, Boyd Hall Microlab 
	(a tiny little division of UK Library Microlabs)
E-Mail:  msunde01@mik.uky.edu
Newsgroups: sci.electronics
Subject: Excellon PCB drilling standard
From: bordy@edy.elettra.trieste.it (Luca Giovanetti Sismat Genova)
Date: 26 Jan 93 13:24:54 +0100
Distribution: world

     is there anybody that can say anything about Excellon file format 
for plotter drill ?

Every kind pof info are welcome.


   MANY THANX IN ADVANCE !!!!!!!!!
From: babb@sciences.sdsu.edu (J. Babb)
Newsgroups: sci.electronics
Subject: pulse  oximetry
Followup-To: sci.electronics
Date: 26 Jan 1993 01:13:06 GMT
Organization: SDSU - LARC
Distribution: world
NNTP-Posting-Host: larc.sdsu.edu

From Wolfbeis, Otto S. "Fiber Optic Chemical Sensors and Biosensors"
Volume 2. CRC Press May 1991.

        A pulsatile arterial bed (such as a patients earlobe or toe)
        is sandwiched between a pair of LEDs (emitting 660 and 925nm)
        A fiber bundle which sends transmitted light of both wavelengths
        to a photodetector. The intensity of light eaching the photodiode
        is determined by the pigmentation and thickness of the skin and
        the absorption of venous and arterial blood in the tissue. The 
        absorbance of the skin and venous blood is constant; that of 
        the arterial blood changes because of pulsatile blood flow.

I've got a coupla questions:
 I went into the hospital for a procedure and had an oximeter taped to my
right index finger, afterwards I asked the doctor if I could have the
sensor
It had only ONE LED and Phototransistor, Not two. From this they got not
only
my pulse but blood oxygen level, too.
The book referenced above is not available to me, is too expensive ($200!),
and doesn't cover the one LED method anyway. Can anyone shed some light
(other than 660 and 925nm, :-)   on this. 
Jeff
Newsgroups: sci.electronics
From: tedwards@wam.umd.edu (technopagan priest)
Subject: HC11 EVB MC68HC24 PRU
Organization: University of Maryland, College Park
Date: Sat, 23 Jan 1993 02:47:30 GMT

Hi!  I think I just toasted the MC68HC24 PRU (port replacement
unit) on my (old) HC11 EVB.  Does anyone know where I can
order a replacement PRU from?  

-Thomas
From: kludge@grissom.larc.nasa.gov (Scott Dorsey)
Newsgroups: sci.electronics
Subject: Re: DC to AC on large scale???
Date: 21 Jan 1993 18:52:52 GMT
Organization: NASA Langley Research Center and Reptile Farm
NNTP-Posting-Host: grissom.larc.nasa.gov

In article <1993Jan21.095254.62979@cc.usu.edu> slmdj@cc.usu.edu writes:
>He is an assistant city engineer for Adelanto, CA, and told me that the way
>their power is distributed to a large substation is Direct Current!  He said
>that the DC is then 'phased' or 'converted' so that there is a three-phase AC 
>line to the city distribution grid.  Neither of us have any idea how this could
>be accomplished at such power levels (an entire valley, I think!)

They do it with silicon, believe it or not!  They have thyristor switches
taller than a man, and switch the DC.  This way, they can run DC on the
long lines at high voltage, which is advantageous since they get more
power over the same wire (since the limiting factor on the lines is the
peak voltage before arc-over, and the peak voltage on DC is also equal
to the average).
--scott
From: scottcr@wkuvx1.bitnet
Newsgroups: sci.electronics
Subject: looking 4 *GR admitance meter*
Date: 27 Jan 93 20:02:46 CST
Organization: Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY

I am looking for device / accessories relating to

the General Radio 1602 series Admitance (bridge) Meter:

This is a mechanical device with slides and 5 ports,

This was used for (impedance) measurements at V/U HF.

Including the constant-impedance telescoping coaxial

lines and 10 CM extensions.

Must be reasonable... 

Please Email.

-- 
Chris Scott,  C/E Public Radio,  Western KY Univ,  (502) 745-3834
SCOTTCR@WKUVX1.BITNET      fx off: 745-2084     fx hm: 781-1232  
Newsgroups: sci.electronics
From: darknite@camelot.bradley.edu (John S. Novak III)
Subject: Re: Digital Filtering
Keywords: Digital Filter software, Matlab
Organization: Bradley University
Date: 26 Jan 93 08:04:58 GMT

In <aPLyXB1w165w@cpuig> cpuig@infoserv.com (Carlos M. Puig) writes:

>cmh@eng.cam.ac.uk (C.M. Hicks) writes:

>The Student Version of Matlab (distributed by Prentice-Hall, I believe)
>is available at US $50.  Try the engineering section of a local college
>bookstore.  This version will run on any PC-compatible, with or without
>a math coprocessor.  However, for reasonable throughput, I recommend at
>least an 8 MHz 80286 with a coprocessor.  (A Mac version is also available,
>but I have not tried it.)

I'd want a 386, myself.  If you plan on doing any heavy duty
processing.  But the program will work on a 286.  They are
installed thusly on our school machines.

>The student version is the same as the previous MATLAB v3.5 with some
>additional m files from a couple of the toolboxes.  However, it is
>limited to 1024 elements per variable, and one can print graphs only
>with print screen.  For student work, these limitations are not
>serious.

Yes, the 1024 point limitation _is_ a serious liability, even for
a student, IMHO.  I'm currently a senior undergrad EE, and I have
been given problems too large to tackle with 4096 data points.

As a junior, I was given problems too large to tackle with the
student version by any means.

Note, though, that there is a group devoted to Matlab there, and
this subject has already been brought up there.
(Okay, okay, so I brought it up... Sue me. :-)

>I am an EE student and started using this program last semester.  It's
>very powerful, not only for DSP, but for general purpose engineering
>calculations.  A very good value if you can live with the matrix
>size limitations.

I agree, but the matrix limitations vex me to no end...

>There is a new newsgroup (1 or 2 weeks old) "comp.soft-sys.matlab",
>that is devoted to Matlab.  It may not yet be available at all
>sites.

Ah.  I see you've already mentioned it.

--
"Hey invisible mage!  See anything up ahead in the corridor!?"
		-- Darrin von Strauss
John S. Novak, III		darknite@camelot.bradley.edu
Newsgroups: sci.electronics
From: hyx1@cunixb.cc.columbia.edu (Harry Y Xu)
Subject: Help locate anemometer
Reply-To: hyx1@cunixb.cc.columbia.edu (Harry Y Xu)
Organization: Columbia University
Date: Tue, 26 Jan 1993 03:50:28 GMT

I've been trying to locate an anemometer with an electrical output for
a while without much success.  The device is to be used to measure wind 
speed on top of a residential building.

If you know of manufacturers or dealers, please help out by posting or
e-mailing the info.

I suspect this group might not have the info, but cannot find a more 
appropriate newsgroup.  If you know one, please let me know.

Tnx for your time,
-Harry Xu (KB2LHA/AE)
From: pmcdermo@cs.utexas.edu (Peter F. McDermott)
Newsgroups: sci.electronics
Subject: Re: Q: modem on a chip
Date: 25 Jan 1993 20:39:21 -0600
Organization: CS Dept, University of Texas at Austin
NNTP-Posting-Host: earth.cs.utexas.edu

In article <C1Fqsv.FJu@acsu.buffalo.edu> v078p6g8@ubvmsb.cc.buffalo.edu (Richard M Wasserman) writes:
>
>	I was hoping someone out there could point me towards a manufacturer
>and just as importantly a source for a couple of low speed ( 300/1200 ) modems
>in a chip along the lines offered by National.  Single supply (+5) operation
>would be a plus.  Thanks in advance.
>
>		Rich Wasserman

  Someone on the net pointed out Sierra Semiconductor as a good source of
DTMF dialers and decoders earlier.  The very same data book also has a 300/
1200 Bit Per Second Modem listed (it's the SC11016).  Apparently, it doesn't
take much to hook it up.  You will need a controller chip however to inter-
face it to either a parallel bus or a serial cable.  You will also need 
(according to the data book) a 600 ohm line matching resistor, a 7.3728 MHz
crystal and a 20pF capacitor from each leg of the crystal ground.  It's 
a standard  Hayes type modem.  They also sell a 2400/1200/300 bps model
that is virtually the same (I did notice the 2400 bps version can dial the
A,B,C and D keys however (in addition to 0-9,# and *)).  Their phone # is
(408) 263-9300 in the U.S. and in Europe it is (31) 73-408888.  The name
of the book is the _Standard_Products_Data_Book.  Good luck!

						Peter McDermott
						pmcdermo@cs.utexas.edu


-- 
-----------------------------
If it ain't broke, break it.
From: mndell@cs.ruu.nl (Mike Dell)
Newsgroups: sci.electronics
Subject: Wanted: Plans for crystal controlled FM transmitter
Summary: looking for plans of crystal controlled FM transmitter
Keywords: plans, transmitter, crystal, FM
Date: 28 Jan 93 10:43:26 GMT
Organization: Utrecht University, Dept. of Computer Science




 I'm looking for plans of a (sub)miniature crystal controlled FM transmitter.
                                           ------- 
 I've been trying to build one for years but can't get any good modulation.
 If anyone got such plans please let me know by e-mail (mndell@cs.ruu.nl).
 
 Mike.



-- 
M.N. Dell                            Telephone : +31 3434 56478 
P.O. Box 134                         Data/VM   : 06-35030053 (1gld/m) 
3956 ZT Leersum                      Internet  : mndell@cs.ruu.nl
The Netherlands.
From: v078p6g8@ubvmsb.cc.buffalo.edu (Richard M Wasserman)
Newsgroups: sci.electronics
Subject: Looking for supplier stocking TI chips
Date: 27 Jan 93 19:19:00 GMT
Organization: University at Buffalo
News-Software: VAX/VMS VNEWS 1.41


  The subject line is pretty self explanatory :) - I'm trying to find a couple
of TI TCM3105 chips.  Any lead on a supplier who might stock these - and
be willing to deal in small quantities would be greatly appreciated.  Thanks
in advance,

			Rich Wasserman
P.S. I already tried Newark and they're back-ordered until March :(
Thanks again
Newsgroups: sci.electronics
From: nagle@netcom.com (John Nagle)
Subject: Re: Recommendations for Digital Multimeter
Organization: Netcom - Online Communication Services  (408 241-9760 guest) 
Distribution: usa
Date: Tue, 26 Jan 1993 05:45:10 GMT

kayshav_dattatri@taligent.com (Kayshav Dattatri) writes:

>I want to buy a digital multimeter for my hobby set. I have seen models
>from Philips, Funa etc. I'm willing to spend about $100.

      Fluke is generally considered the standard good DVM.  There's a
whole range of Fluke DVMs, starting at around $60 and going all the way 
up to the ScopeMeter.  Fry's has a good selection.

      Fluke is noted for having good protection circuitry in their DVMs.
It's quite difficult to fry one of those things.  You can do things like
plug into 110VAC on ohms scale and not hurt them at all.  Worst case,
you blow a fuse, and they pack a spare one inside the case.  And
you get years on a 9V battery.  I have a model 21, and am quite happy
with it.

					John Nagle
Newsgroups: sci.electronics
From: dana@lando.la.locus.com (Dana H. Myers)
Subject: Re: Voltage drop across 1N4148 diode?
Organization: Locus Computing Corporation, Los Angeles, California
Date: Mon, 25 Jan 93 19:22:36 GMT

In article <1993Jan22.101219.18811@mr.med.ge.com> szopinsk@picard.med.ge.com (Jerry Szopinski Mfg 4-6983) writes:
>
>But I have seen/used germanium 1N4148s.  I was working on some military
>applications a couple of years ago, so the germaniums might be MIL-spec'd.
>If my memory serves me right there is a physical size difference between
>the two, but I don't remember which is which.

I don't think you've ever seen a germanium 1N4148.  That's a JEDEC
registration for a silicon diode.  I'm certain you've seen germanium
diodes, but not germanium 1N4148s.  Anyway, the forward voltage is around
.6V. It will increase with increased forward current, and it will decrease
with increased junction temperature.  I've seen it range from .55V to .65V
under normal circumstances.

-- 
 * Dana H. Myers KK6JQ 		| Views expressed here are	*
 * (310) 337-5136 		| mine and do not necessarily	*
 * dana@locus.com  DoD #466 	| reflect those of my employer	*
 * This Extra supports the abolition of the 13 and 20 WPM tests *
Newsgroups: sci.electronics
From: siim@waterloo.hp.com (Brad Siim)
Subject: Re: 150 - 200 W. Amplifier
Date: Fri, 22 Jan 1993 15:15:27 GMT
Organization: HP Panacom Div Waterloo ON Canada
X-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.1.8 PL6]

Tony Snyder (snydert@dmapub.dma.org) wrote:
: : I am continually amazed at the witchcraft ethos among high-end audio
: : enthusiasts, who spend thousands of dollars on expensive capacitors, circuit
: : boards, speaker wire, etc., and then rationalize their expenditures by claiming
: : to hear sound improvements which can't be measured or verified by any objective
: : tests. Good design practice stipulates using the cheapest components and
: : simplest circuits that will get the job done.  Oddly, the high-end audio 
: : market seems driven by the reverse notion that one should spend the maximum
: : money possible (e.g., on hundred dollar patch cords), for benefits that exist
: : entirely in the mind of the purchaser. I guess the phenomenon is testimony to
: : the power of advertising and the influence of techno-mumbo jumbo (quartz-locked
: : this and digitally sampled that and linear phase non-inverting blah blah
: : blah)on impressionable minds.
: 
: You evidently are flying pretty high on some sort of an electrical 
: engineering degree or something.  Your educators failed you by not 
: covering such important technological topics such as Bragging Rights
: and Cognitive Dissonance.  Such a shame.

I have to agree with the first message that there is a fair bit of
hype relating to marginal/very marginal improvements in sound quality
due to the difference between good equipment and great equipment.  By
equipment I am refering to $15 patch cords verses $150 patch cords,
$1200 amps vs $6000 amps etc.  Do $5000 dollar tube amps sound that much
better than $1000 dollar bipolar/FET amps? Or is the price being
driven by the 'law of supply and demand' and our famous 'kinked Demand curve'?
Charge what the market will bare??  

Brad Siim

(519) 883-3043
From: magus@brewhau.bison.mb.ca (James Copland)
Newsgroups: sci.electronics
Subject: Re: How do I create a 2A load to test a power supply?
Date: Sun, 24 Jan 93 19:17:23 CST
Distribution: na
Organization: Organium Brainbending & Low Level CodeWorks of Winnipeg, Manitoba.

cs000rjp@selway.umt.edu (Russell J. Pagenkopf) writes:

> Hi! I have a sealed power supply that I need to test for voltage and
> amperage under load and this is my problem, how do I create a 2 amp load?
> The power supply uses 120VAC 0.40A grounded and outputs (supposedly) 20V,
> 2.0A, 40VA Class 2  with four pins ( I have no idea what pins do what yet). I
> understand that if I place my meter in series between the load and the
> power supply, I should be able to read 20V (dc right?) and 2.0 amps. But
> what does the 40va mean? 40VAC? I guess what this comes down to is, how
> should I test this thing to make sure it is giving me what it should?
>
> Thanks for any help and sorry for wandering ;-).
>
> --
>   Russ Pagenkopf                                cs000rjp@selway.umt.edu
>  School of Journalism, University of Montana         cs__rjp@lewis.umt.edu
> <There is no other wisdom, and no other hope for us but that we grow wise.>
Salut!

Have you tried lamps in series and parallel for a load?  40VA means
40VoltAmps, just what you would expect from 20V * 2A.  If you place
your meter in series with the load and source, you should measure
Amps.  If your meter is parallel the load, you should measure Volts.
All readings on the output should be DC (only a scope knows for sure
8-).

Regards,
Magus.
-- If I already posted this, file this one under _old timers_ disease. --
--              magus@brewhau.bison.mb.ca (James Copland)              --
Newsgroups: sci.electronics
From: kayshav_dattatri@taligent.com (Kayshav Dattatri)
Subject: Recommendations for Digital Multimeter
Organization: Taligent
Distribution: usa
Date: Tue, 26 Jan 1993 00:30:20 GMT

I want to buy a digital multimeter for my hobby set. I have seen models
from Philips, Funa etc. I'm willing to spend about $100.

Can the gurus recommend a good model and source to get it cheap (mail order or
in the SFO bay area market).

Thanks

Kayshav
Kayshav_Dattatri@taligent.com

Newsgroups: sci.electronics
From: pprun@august.it.uswc.uswest.com
Subject: 9 or 12 VDC Flasher Circuit
Organization: U S WEST Communications
Distribution: usa
Date: Thu, 21 Jan 1993 16:28:26 GMT


I want to build or buy a relatively cheap flasher.  I want to flash
an LED between 1 & 2 times/second.  I could use either 9 or 12 VDC (don't
ask why - it's a long story).  Either a parts list, maybe with the pin
outs, or a phone number for a catalog would be appreciated by this
software engineer (hey, this is a *hardware* problem :-)


Pete Prun
pprun@lookout.mnet.uswest.com
Newsgroups: sci.electronics
From: kayshav_dattatri@taligent.com (Kayshav Dattatri)
Subject: SOurce for Weller Soldering Station - 220v
Organization: Taligent
Distribution: usa
Date: Tue, 26 Jan 1993 00:27:19 GMT

I want to buy a good soldering station for my brother(prefer Weller). 
Is there any place where I can get the 220v volts version in the SFO bay area
or mail order.

On a related note, does Weller sell a bit-set for their irons. I have seen
individual bits (@ $5 each) but I guess a set of most frequently used
bits would be more useful and cheaper.

Thanks for any information

Kayshav
kayshav_dattatri@taligent.com
From: oxenreid@chaos.cs.umn.edu
Newsgroups: sci.electronics
Subject: Re: PAL Software
Date: 26 Jan 93 23:35:31 GMT
Article-I.D.: chaos.oxenreid.728091331
Distribution: usa
Organization: University of Minnesota

In <93022.183424LEEK@QUCDN.QueensU.CA> <LEEK@QUCDN.QueensU.CA> writes:

>In article <oxenreid.727419603@chaos.cs.umn.edu>, oxenreid@chaos.cs.umn.edu ()
>says:
>>
>>I would like to get some PAL design software for the IBM pc or
>>AIX 3.2, if such beasts exist for cheep/free.

>There is the OPAL JR available from National Semiconductor FREE. It is
>a demo version of their much larger commerical package.  You get a
>demo program + utilities to convert  equation <-> JEDEC.

>There is PLDSHell+ from Intel FREE.  It is a full blown package that
>does equations, truth tables, state machines and simulations.  I haven't
>try it with PAL chips.  (It does support their PLD's that are supersets
>of common 20 - 24 pins PALs)

>As for AIX, best bet is to get PALASM which is written in FORTRAN to
>compile under your environment.  I have seen the Commodore Amiga version
>with full FORTRAN source around.  Email me if you really want to get that
>.

>K. C. Lee  "When you are out of cash, the only thing you can do is work."
>Elec. Eng. Grad. Student for hire...


Thanks.  The choice of all those who have mailed me seems to be
         Intel (ugh).   So I will talk to Intel, and get there
         software.   


Thanks to all who responded to my via mail, I tried to respond to you 
all, but I seem to have a lot of rubber mail.

{if you could not tell, I am a Motorola MicroP fan, Please no 
 Holy wars}.
Newsgroups: sci.electronics
From: sutantd@Data-IO.COM (Djoko Sutanto)
Subject: Elektor magazine anyone?
Keywords: Electronics publication.
Organization: Data I/O Corporation
Distribution: uk
Date: Tue, 26 Jan 1993 00:37:41 GMT



Hi netters in UK,
	Before I came to USA I subscriped to monthly magazine called ELEKTOR.
I have not seen it here in USA, so can anybody out there knows the address of 
the publisher or better yet if there is a distributor in USA. thanks alot.
From: v064mcqs@ubvmsb.cc.buffalo.edu (NEIL GANDLER)
Newsgroups: sci.electronics
Subject: How can I do a patent search
Date: 28 Jan 93 18:12:00 GMT
Organization: University at Buffalo
News-Software: VAX/VMS VNEWS 1.41


   I developed a new type of product that I would like to make a 
patent search on. Can I do this myself or do I have to hire some
big expensive atorney to do this. And also how different must an
electronic device be to be unique from a patented one. For example
does designing a device that does the same thing but using different
circuitry designs qualify as a unique product that can be patented?
I appreciate anyone's help.

		Neil Gandler
Newsgroups: sci.electronics
From: cgordon@vpnet.chi.il.us (gordon hlavenka)
Subject: Re: Recording sound on chip
Organization: Vpnet Public Access
Date: Tue, 26 Jan 1993 18:00:12 GMT

 sivaram@hplabsz.hpl.hp.com (S. Sivaramakrishnan) writes:
>I am looking for a cheap method to record and playback about 15 seconds of
>sound on a chip.
>
>Does a chip that has most/all the features except the power supply exist?

Information Storage devices
Voice: 1 (800) 825-4473

They make single-chip solutions which record up to 20 seconds of
voice-grade audio.  You add microphone, speaker, and power supply.  I
think you may also need a couple of resistors and maybe a capacitor.
Electronic Design Magazine did a cover story on these parts about two
years ago.

-- 
----------------------------------------------------
Gordon S. Hlavenka           cgordon@vpnet.chi.il.us
Vote straight ticket Procrastination party Dec. 3rd!
From: pvr@wang.com
Newsgroups: sci.electronics
Subject: Re: Looking for PCB layout program
Date: 22 Jan 93 14:05:46 GMT
Distribution: usa
Organization: Wang Labs, Lowell MA, USA

mikek@neptune.iex.com (Mike Keilhofer) writes:



>Can anyone recomend a PCB layout program for the IBM PC? I'm
>only looking for manual layout capabilities and the ability
>to print the design.

>Obviously I want to go a cheap as possible.

   Try PADS-PCB.   It is available as a fully working demo.   It
is only limited in the size of the design that it will handle.
No not than two board layers and about 20 IC's.   It has a
schematic capture editor, a board layout editor, an auto-router,
and a large parts library.   You can get it from Simtel20.


These files are available via anonymous FTP from WSMR-SIMTEL20.ARMY.MIL
(192.88.110.20) or mirror sites OAK.Oakland.Edu (141.210.10.117),
wuarchive.wustl.edu (128.252.135.4), ftp.uu.net (137.39.1.9),
nic.funet.fi (128.214.6.100), src.doc.ic.ac.uk (146.169.3.7) or
archie.au (139.130.4.6), by e-mail through the BITNET/EARN file
servers, or by uucp from UUNET's 1-900-GOT-SRCS.  See UUNET file
uunet!~/info/archive-help for details.

Directory PD1:<MSDOS.CAD>

PADSLIB.ZIP   B  488615  920212  PADS library for PADSPCB.ZIP and PADSLOG.ZIP
PADSLOG.ZIP   B 1081636  920212  PADS Logic schematic capture CAD program
PADSPCB.ZIP   B 1036461  920212  PADS PCB (printed circuit board) layout pgm


--
-->>>>>>>>>> Peter Reilley ..... pvr@wiis.wang.com ..... KA1LAT <<<<<<<<<<<--
                     Well, that about says it.
Newsgroups: sci.electronics
From: jogi@austin.ibm.com (Vijay Joglekar)
Subject: Sony TV's
Originator: vijay@vijay.austin.ibm.com
Date: Tue, 26 Jan 1993 15:30:10 GMT
Reply-To: jogi@austin.ibm.com
Organization: IBM (Aix Tools Development)


I am thinking of buying a Sony 32 inch TV.  How much do they cost and
what model should I buy.  I want it to have PIP.

All responses will help 

Thanks

Vijay
Newsgroups: sci.electronics