From: Dieter Britz <BRITZ@kemi.aau.dk>
Subject: CNF bibliography update (total now 765 papers, 117 patents/appl.).
Reply-To: Dieter Britz <BRITZ@kemi.aau.dk>
Organization: Sci.physics.fusion/Mail Gateway
Date: Thu, 19 Nov 1992 17:44:49 GMT


Hello fellow searchers for The Truth,
I crawl out from under my rock and run with my pack of ruthless hyenas, to
bring you this masquerade of objective and impartial reporting etc. Whom shall
we drive out of the country today?
  We have four papers out of FT, and again I wonder at the editor... However,
the long paper by Bush has an acknowledgement, in which he thanks R. Bass,
S. Chubb and E. Storms for discussions, Editor Miley for encouragement and
Southern California Edison for financial support, as well as two anonymous
referees for their comments. So we are told two important things here: FT does
use referees, and cnf does get finance. Bush didn't have to leave the country.
He writes with a scholarly tone, is clearly self-critical, but is forced to a
conclusion many of us will have strong doubts about. But this theory might be
behind recent statements by our friend Jed R, about cnf really being a large
number of hitherto unknown nuclear processes, not just one.
  Arata and Zhang (Zhang is a "she", we find from the authors' photos in the
journal) here publish exactly what they already published in the Japanese
journal. Their "on-off" effect here is just an "off" effect; the neutrons and
heat appear when the PdD is exposed to air and the D rushes out.
 Fugacity is defended qualitatively by Bockris et al, even quoting a Bockris
paper of 1972, which I would have used as an argument against this "theory".
The secret is said to be that what happens between gas particles is not the
same as at the wall, where pressure is measured. And Landau and Lifshits
(spelled consistently "Lifchits", I don't think polyglot Bockris did much of
the writing of this one, I bet he knows some Russian and knows the
transliteration rules).
 Once again, we have Matsumoto, and where, I ask, were the anonymous referees?
Black holes indeed. But there I go again, dropping my mask of objectivity. I
liked the tailed one, though. One of them, I must admit, looked to me like a
microscopic bug, like a mite; I reckon I can see a few legs. No, it's a black
hole.
 Well, on with the show. Michael Swartz, who sometimes posts here, has a
paper, on a 1-D model of a cold fusion cell, an unusual way of looking at it.
No surprising conclusions, but maybe he'll follow up with more.
  Finally, we have Tsarev and Golubnichii, who put in a plug for fractofusion,
pointing out that this was discovered in the USSR in 1986, and might be the
answer Prof. Jones needs for his geological fusion puzzle.
  A couple of patents; one of them now also involving coal. Yes, coal.

Back under my rock now. But first:   AOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOH! Ooh, that feels
good, I love a good howl.
                                                                        Dieter
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                     COLD NUCLEAR FUSION BIBLIOGRAPHY
                     ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                           Additions 19-Nov-1992
                   Dieter Britz alias britz@kemi.aau.dk
                     Total no. of journal papers: 765



Journal articles; files cnf-pap1..5
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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Arata Y, Zhang Y-C;                             Fusion Technol. 22 (1992) 287.
"Reproducible 'cold' fusion reaction using a complex cathode".
** This is essentially the same paper as published by the authors in Kagu
Yugo Kenkyu 67 (1992) 432, in Japanese. It describes a Pd or Ni cathode
"plasma-sprayed" with a Pd layer. The authors point out that if cnf takes
place, it does so within the cathode, and it is there the temperature should
be measured. Neutron emissions from an electrolysis cell were measured with
two detectors; a (3)He and a BF3 one, with surrounding paraffin blocks and Cd
shielding. A complex Pd cathode, after charging for 240 h, was held in air and
a strong heating effect was observed. A similar cathode but without the extra
Pd layer did not do this. When sand-blasted, this one, too, heated up in air
after being charged again. Thus, an uneven surface favours fusion. Neutron
counts, too, were higher than blanks or runs with H2O, with these sprayed
rods.                                                            Aug-91/Sep-92
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Bockris JO'M, Chien C-C, Hodko D, Minevski Z;
Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 17 (1992) 445.
"Cold fusion as a consequence of high fugacity among hydrogen isotopes".
** Bockris et al here argue for the high-fugacity theory of cold fusion. In
the original FPH paper, FPH calculated, from the overpotential, an equivalent
"pressure" of 1E26 atm. This is supported here, although called fugacity. The
authors refer to 1967 work of Landau and Lifshits, which says that a pressure
exceeding 1E17 atm might cause electron capture by deuterium nuclei and thus
loss of charge. There is some qualitative argument for equating fugacity with
pressure, away from walls. The steep fugacity rise at pressures of around
1E04 atm is still mentioned.
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Bush RT;                                        Fusion Technol. 22 (1992) 301.
"A light water excess heat reaction suggests that 'cold fusion' may be
'alkali-hydrogen fusion'".
** Bush here outlines, in a qualitative manner, his disavowal of the theory of
Mills and Farrell (which "is flawed"), and his own theory of how cold fusion
takes place in a Pd or Ni lattice. A multitude of reactions of the kind p + M1
==> M2, and d + M1 ==> M2, are possible, where M1 are alkali metals (as well
as hydrogen isotopes), and M2 are ultrastable (or near-ultrastable) elements
such as (40)Ca, (4)He, etc. This ultrastability, plus the special conditions
in a metal hydride/deuteride lattice, is what enables cold fusion. There is
thus a wide choice of fusion fuels, and the good news is that deuterium is not
needed. In each case, the resulting high energy is dissipated in a kind of
anti-Moessbauer effect, due to the rigidity of the metal lattice at these low
temperatures. FPH were lucky because Li can do it with d. The author's TRM
model (with Eagleton) is invoked along with all this.
 There is experimental proof. Using a Ni cathode, a Pt anode and 0.57M K2CO3
as electrolyte, and a plate of a "Ni alloy", excess heat was found, in
contrast with M&F, whose theory demands light water and a sodium salt (but
using Ni itself). Rb salts, too, do the trick. The reaction with potassium
should yield some Ca as the ash, and in fact 14 microgram (about the right
amount) were found; using a Rb salt, again about the right amount of Sr was
found (3 microgram). This subrevolution within cnf could have immense economic
ramifications, writes Bush.                                      Jul-91/Sep-92
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Matsumoto T;                                    Fusion Technol. 22 (1992) 281.
"Searching for tiny black holes during cold fusion".
** The author continues in his efforts to support his Nattoh theory of cold
fusion, which proposes the formation of neutron clusters which collapse by
gravity and then explode. This might also be expected to produce tiny black
holes, and a careful search for these is described here. As before,
post-experiment microscopic analysis of the Pd surface was carried out. The
several figures clearly show black holes, from 10 to 100 mu in diameter, one
of them with a tail. The region of space around this tail has asymmetrical
curvature. Some others show associated other particles. There are six
references, all to prior work by the author.                     Dec-91/Sep-92
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Swartz MR;                                      Fusion Technol. 22 (1992) 296.
"Quasi-one-dimensional model of electrochemical loading of isotopic fuel into
a metal".
** A cold fusion electrolysis cell, with a Pt anode, a Pd cathode and
intervening electrolyte, is modelled as a 1-D system for the transport of
deuterium ions. The flux of deuterons in the direction of the model is
derived, using 18 equations in all. The implications for cold fusion are that
loading and D2 formation are mutually antagonistic, and the crystal structure
of the Pd is important (defects, dislocations, zeolite-like diffusion of
deuterons in the lattice), as well as its overall shape and small surface
features such as spikes.                                         Jan-92/Sep-92
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Tsarev VA, Golubnichii PI;       Sov. Phys. - Lebedev Inst. Rep. (3)(1991) 22.
(Original Russian: Kratk. Soobshch. Fiz. (3)(1991) 24.)
"Geological manifestations of cold fusion".
** The actual role of cold fusion in the Earth is not yet clear, since we do
not yet fully understand the cold fusion mechanism, write the authors. But the
geological level of fusion suggested by Jones is far too high, and dd fusion
contributes more than pd fusion. One problem with any scenario is that steady
fusion rates over long periods are required, whereas experiments with Pd or Ti
show that the effect dies away after some time. This can be understood in
terms of fractofusion, first demonstrated in 1986 by Soviet workers. This
reasoning also has importance to geological tritium and (3)He.        Jan-91/?
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Patents/Appl.; file cnf-pat:
^^^^^^^^^^^^
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Gamo K, Watanabe M, Niikura J, Taniguchi N, Baba M, Kawamura K;
Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 04 93,693, 3-Aug-90.
Cited in Chem. Abstr. 117(18):180351 (1992).
"Apparatus for cold nuclear fusion".
** "In a cold-nuclear-fusion app., which has a cathode that adsorbs a H
isotope (e.g. D), and an anode from a metal (or its oxide or hydroxide)
immersed in an electrolyte contg. a H isotope, the cathode has a part where
c.d. is locally increased. The cathode may locally contain an impurity (alkali
or alk.-earth metal)". (Direct quote from CA).
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Heredy LA;                              PCT Int. Appl. WO 92 08,232, 2-Nov-90.
Cited in Chem. Abstr. 117(18):180353 (1992).
"Electrostatically promoted cold fusion process".
** "In the title process D gas is introduced and maintained under pressure in
a reactor contg. a relatively large no. of electrode pairs sepd. from each
other by thin-walled insulator members, connected to a variable high voltage
d.c. power source. At least one set of electrode pairs comprises a transition
metal, such as Pd, which is capable of forming a deuteride. Sufficient voltage
is applied to the electrodes to trigger a nuclear fusion reaction in the D
which is absorbed in the transition metal electrodes and excess heat of the
reaction is captured by suitable heat exchangers operatively assocd. with the
reactor. Both sets of the electrodes may comprise a transition metal and both
are preferably provided in a powder form to increase surface. The polarity of
the electrodes is reversed periodically to maintain or promote the fusion
reaction and the powd. electrodes are agitated from time-to-time to bring
fresh transition metal powder in contact with the insulator membranes".
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Sakawa M, Takagi R, Numata H;  Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 04 115,188, 6-Sep-90.
Cited in Chem. Abstr. 117(18):180352 (1992).
"Cold nuclear fusion".
** "In cold nuclear fusion, coal is heated in the presence of a pressurised D
gas". (Direct quote from CA).
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Dieter Britz alias britz@kemi.aau.dk
Kemisk Institut, Aarhus Universitet, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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