HDTenEightyP/NetNews huggingface dataset:
From: utingli@uxa.ecn.bgu.edu (Tingli Pan)
Newsgroups: soc.culture.china,soc.culture.taiwan,soc.culture.hongkong
Subject: Re: Better off under Japanese? (Was Re: Oct. 1 or Oct. 10)
Date: 15 Oct 92 20:48:09 GMT
Distribution: na
Organization: Educational Computing Network

In article <1992Oct15.201633.17096@cs.cornell.edu> suho@cs.cornell.edu (Su-Ho Hwang) writes:
>
>Just to throw in another point of view (no flame please).
>
>My grandmother always like Japanese more than Chinese
>(she considers herself as Taiwanese).  She always said
>that Taiwan would be much better under Japanese government.
>They did set up the education system in Taiwan, and the 
>Japanese government treated Taiwanese people well.  People
>were given the opportunity to live and prosper (provided they
>don't voice against the Japanese government). 
>
Sounds like under CCP. (just kidding)

>KMT, on the other hand, disrupt the whole system when they
>came.  I guess she could never forget that 2-28 incident.  There
>were other things she mentioned, but I can't remember them
>right now.  I think her point was that the people lived in 
>Taiwan was happy under Japanese rule before the Chinese came 
>over.
>
KMT was in chaos. Didn't realize Taiwan would have become the base for
anti-communism.

>Of course, this is just one person's point of view, and we 
>can't make a general conclusion from it. I am just wondering if
>other people have similar experience.
>
You can find many people have similar feeling. About 40 years ago many
many countries were in colony for this or that country.
>
>HSH 

Tingli Pan
Newsgroups: soc.culture.china,talk.politics.china
From: ping@bnlux1.bnl.gov (Shiping Zhang)
Subject: Re: Do Something For Yourself, Guys--Protection Bill.
Organization: Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973
Date: Wed, 7 Oct 1992 01:51:53 GMT

In article <1992Oct5.223009.18308@news.iastate.edu> zzuo@iastate.edu (Zhiqi Zuo) writes:

>[...]
>
>   Agree with you below, that is why I oppose it. 
>
>>do not like in this bill is the tilte, if it could be changed to "Free
>>Immigation Bill" that will be much better.  Don't you think
>>so?
>
>   Your suggestion would allow no priviledge for some people,
                          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

  What's the difference from "allow privilege for some people"?

>                                                               that is
>why lying about something and covering something become so important
>in this so-called "campaign."

  More important, or even critical, in keeping the power.

-ping
From: ftsui@uncc.edu (Fong Tsui)
Newsgroups: soc.culture.china
Subject: Just a try
Date: 15 Oct 92 20:06:42 GMT
Reply-To: ftsui@uncc.edu
Organization: University of NC at Charlotte

This is my first time to try Newsgroups, hope it could work.
Have a good day, every Chinese!

Keywords:
From: yndst2+@pitt.edu (Yong Duan)
Newsgroups: soc.culture.china
Subject: Re: 9201 people's reaction to the blood card and blood carders
Date: 9 Oct 92 23:18:44 GMT
Organization: University of Pittsburgh

In article <2AD5ED9D.8292@news.service.uci.edu> yeh@netix.com (Mr Shannon Yeh) writes:

I was curious about the altitude that Mr. Shannon Yeh has towards S1216.
Now, I think that I know the answer.

Noticed that his account is

yeh@netix.com

This machine does not belong to any University. It belongs to industry.

It will be wise if someone can tell me which company he is working with.
I am sort of curious.

Y.Duan

Newsgroups: soc.culture.china
From: utingli@uxa.ecn.bgu.edu (Tingli Pan)
Subject: Re: ROC vs PRC
Organization: Educational Computing Network
Date: Fri, 9 Oct 1992 18:51:42 GMT

In article <1992Oct9.163201.19625@odin.corp.sgi.com> yu@chang.asd.sgi.com (Yu Chang) writes:
>In article <BvtzKu.1n5@uxa.ecn.bgu.edu>, utingli@uxa.ecn.bgu.edu (Tingli
>Pan) writes:
>
>|> About one month ago someone was kindly enough to post the result of math
>|> Olympic, but unfortunately I didn't see any one from the 30% education
>|> budget place. Something got to be wrong.
>
>May be that something went wrong was 30% education budget was spent evenly
>among the students. Take ROC's living standard into consideration, the
>tuition and fees for public and private universities is almost nothing.
>
>Anyone who wants to go to college and passes the test can go.
>No matter how poor you are, no matter what your background is red or black.
>
Hmm, even CG can make same claim nowadays.
 
>I am not saying it is not important to put money in a few star students
>in some certain areas like China did.
>
>Score high in math olympic is great but it is nothing but an award.
>There are much more important things in life.
>
With 30%, you can put in both for sure. Hey, Taiwan has $1,000**N
billion, the money sould be just a piece of cake.
>
>|> Dr. Wu Da You, the president of China Science Academy of Taiwan said
>|> that the basic research is more advanced in mainland than in Taiwan
>|> after his visiting. Maybe the 30% is spent to the people only know how
>|> to put out a lot of lies and showing unbelievable ignorance. In that
>|> case, even 100% won't help.
>
>That is very strong accusation and uncalled for.
>By saying this, you have offended everyone from the taiwan education system.
>By saying this, you have clearly demostrated your own lies and unbelievable
>ignorance.
>
>Dr. Wu said taiwan is behind in basic research. He did not say taiwan
>people lies or being ignorant.
>
>In your case, just one more penny (oops, it should be RMB) would help.

Sorry, I've offended you. I didn't mean it at all. But if you have
followed the recent discussion, you might know why I've said that. (just
want to get even) Also, I didn't say Dr. Wu said anything about Taiwan
educations system or student. (apologize for the confusion) But if
someone keeps doing that shamelessly, I should have my own reaction. I
must say that Taiwan students I've met are smart, kind, and deserved to
be highly praised, yet when in the net, I always wonder whether those
students are from Taiwan.

Tingli Pan
Newsgroups: soc.culture.china,soc.culture.hongkong,soc.culture.taiwan
From: zzuo@iastate.edu (Zhiqi Zuo)
Subject: Re: SURVEY -- who do you hope wins the U.S. election?
Organization: Iowa State University, Ames, IA
Date: Tue, 13 Oct 1992 01:10:25 GMT

In article <44838@ucbvax.BERKELEY.EDU> matloff@mole.Berkeley.EDU (Norman Matloff) writes:
>...
> Bill Clinton is deleted. :-(
>    
>    (b)  George Bush:
>
>	 We have to make it very clear to the Chinese government
>	 that we don't at all condone suppression of human rights.
>	 But if we were to place restrictions on trade with China, we
>	 would harm the people who are trying to bring about reforms
>	 in the direction of capitalism and economic freedom.  We
>	 would also do terrible harm to the people of Hong Kong.
>	 Therefore there should not be restrictions on trade with
>	 China.
>
>    (c)  Ross Perot:
>
>	 We have to be very careful:  On the one hand, we don't want 
>	 to give the Chinese government the impression that we condone 
>	 repression of dissent.  But on the other hand, capitalism is 
>	 thriving in large parts of China, and the country has made a 
>	 lot of progress.  The human rights issue will take care of 
>	 itself, as the quite elderly Chinese leaders die off and are 
>	 replaced by newer, more open-minded people.  China will be an
>	 extremely important consumer of U.S. export products as it
>	 grows, and we should do our best to develop economic relations
>	 with China.
>			
>    Whose stand on the MFN issue do you like best?  (Please choose only
>    one.)

It is really hard to chose only one. As to this MFN issue, US should have 
two PRESIDENTS. :-) Perot is a more honest and more practical person, 
though. I know that he was mainly repeating somebody else's excellent 
advice. :-)

>...
>I will announce the statistical results.

A good move.
From: yy7085@meibm10.cen.uiuc.edu
Newsgroups: soc.culture.china
Subject: Re: Cooking : ManTou
Date: 11 Oct 92 14:18:49 GMT
Article-I.D.: news.BvynrE.Lnt
Organization: University of Illinois at Urbana

129.83.161.10 (H. Chao) writes:

>I like Man2Tou2 (steamed bread) very much. I tried several times to make my
>own ManTou, but, unfortunately, I failed.  Here is how I make it:

>1)  I use the flour labeled for bread.  I heard that this kind of flour is
>Gao1Jin1 flour.

Better to use the flour labeled "all purpose".

>2)  Mixed with water.  Let the dough wake-up (rise) for one hour or so
>until it double its size.

Take a handful of flour and put yeast into it. Mix with water and wait until
it becomes sour. Then use this as "Yen3 Zi1" for the dough. When the dough
also becomes sour, put some soda ( I asked many shops in Chinatown for Jian3 
and it seems no one knows what it is ! -( ). Then it will be ready for the
steaming procedure.

>3)  Cut the dough into pieces, and make my Mantou.
>4)  Let mantou wake-up for 30 min, then put it inside the steam cooker
>while the water is boiling.
>5)  wait for 20 min, the mantou is ready.

>My problem is that:

>The moment I open the cooker lid, these mantou(s) look just great.  They
>are white and soft, very beautiful.  However, when I put them on the table
>for 15 min, they become dark and hard (shink to smaller size too). 
>Somebody told me it is overcooked.  I tried to change the steaming time,
>but it is in vain.  It is either still raw or the same problem.  Could
>anyone tell me what's wrong in here? 

Eat it after warm it again ( may use microwaves ). 

BTW, anyone of Chemistry major knows what the chemistry formula is for Jian3 ?
    I know it is not simply soda.


>Thanx.
Newsgroups: soc.culture.china,soc.culture.taiwan,soc.culture.hongkong
From: cyc@quip.eecs.umich.edu (Yi-Chieh Chang)
Subject: Re: Oct. 1 or Oct. 10, which is the more important day for China?
Organization: University of Michigan EECS Dept., Ann Arbor
Date: Tue, 13 Oct 1992 20:15:59 GMT

>> 	But I think the old Chiang is still to be blamed for the bad
>> name KMT has today.  KMT was a good party with good intension and 
>> has a strong intellectual following.  That is before Dr. Sun Yat Sen
>> passed away.  After that.  Well... it's history. 
>
>
>	** Is it fair to criticize emperors of Ching Dynasty being
>	   not democracy? It think it is not fair to judge Old Chiang
>	   by modern political standard either. 
>

I didn't blame Old Chiang for what he has done, but I hate that he viewed
himself as democracy for what he has done. Every one can choose what he 
want to be, but he must be honest. If old Chiag can openly admit he is a 
dictator and an emperor. I would have nothing to say about him. But, he lied.

>	   I would say, if it was not Old Chiang, Taiwan would not exist
>	   as she is today. 

It is true that without Old Chiang, Taiwan  won't be the same as she is
now. But, the real question is will Taiwan be better off or worse ?
Two possibities, if Taiwan was ruled by Japanese after WWII, Taiwan will be
close to what Japan is now, or if Taiwan was governed by U.S., Taiwan will
close to what U.S. is now. Both possibilities are much better off than
what Taiwan is now.  So, what is the point to thank old Chiang ?

Yi-Chieh
From: cmd@nic.cerf.net (Jeff Blaalid)
Newsgroups: soc.culture.china
Subject: How to order books from China ?
Date: 16 Oct 92 21:31:24 GMT
Organization: CERFnet


Greetings:

How do I get catalogs and order books from mainland China ?
Is it easier to order them through Chinese bookstores here in the
States ? If you know the answers, please reply to phil@cmd.com
I'll post the result if there is enough interest. Thanks in advance.

Regards,

Phil
===============
Internet: phil@cmd.com
CompuServe: 75540,1710

Newsgroups: soc.culture.china
From: chbs23@vaxa.strath.ac.uk
Subject: Re: AEIC News Release Special -- CDDAC
Organization: Strathclyde University VAX Cluster
Date: Wed, 14 Oct 1992 09:46:31 GMT

In article <9210131353.AA12168@rac1.wam.umd.edu>, aeic@wam.umd.edu (AEIC) writes:
> *****************************************************************************
> CALL FOR SUBMISSION: <<Chinese Doctoral Dissertation Abstracts Collection>>
> 
>                 ----The first of a Series of Collections for Recent Overseas
>                     Chinese Advanced Degree Holders and Active Scientists
> *****************************************************************************
> 

Can I get a copy of this via email ?
From: yeh@netix.com (Mr Shannon Yeh)
Subject: look for one more Tsinghua person
Newsgroups: soc.culture.china
Organization: Netix Communications, Inc.
Date: 14 Oct 92 01:28:27 GMT

Qiu, Yanping
originally from Tsinghua Li-9 (Mechanics 79).  She propably has got a couple
of degrees in the US.  If memory serves me well, she was admited by New Jersey
Institute of technology when she came to the US in 1986.  I wish I knew where
she and her husband are now.

shannon
-------
From: phsjjc@emrycc.cc.emory.edu (JAMES J. CEN)
Newsgroups: soc.culture.china
Subject: Forward: Shen Tong?
Date: 10 Oct 1992 00:28:08 -0500
Organization: UTexas Mail-to-News Gateway
NNTP-Posting-Host: cs.utexas.edu

Dear Netters:

	Now that the Protection Bill S1216 is signed into law, I want to
bring to your attention some recent discussion among members of the Alliance
of Hong Kong Chinese in the United States (AHKCUS) and some faculty members
at Boston Universtiy (where Shen Tong was a graduate student).  

	Some background below.

	Shen Tong came to the US around June 11 aboard a CAAC flight, bearing 
a valid PRC passport and visa stamp.  In other words, he did not escape from
China, which is contrary to what many people have mistakenly believed.  

	Because of the vigorous promotion of his sponsors and advisors, many
 have come to see him as a bona fide student leader.  But his exaggeration 
of the role he played in the democrary movement and many inconsistencies in 
his stories had previously bothered some people who know him, especially some
members of AHKCUS whose counterparts in Hong Kong had provided the 
Underground Railroad for the successful escape of student leaders like 
Wuer Kaxi and Chai Ling, some at the risk of their lives and long jail terms. 

	His recent trip to China and the subsequent arrests of many 
activists he contacted have led many people to question his judgement.  

	While not taking anything away from Dr. Zhao Haiching and the IFCSS
(HQ/CSSA), we have to acknowledge the fact that his dramatic arrest certainly
enhanced the possibility of S1216 being signed into law.  But along with 
himself, many democracy activists he visited (while fully aware that communist
agents are monitoring his every move, along with some Western journalists)
have been arrested, some disappeared, or had to scramble for cover.  Their 
organizations had not been destroyed by the brutal force of the communists,
but were shattered like eggs under rock after Shen Tong's visits.  Many 
Hong Kong democracy supporters were angered not only by the communist 
government, but also by Shen Tong's apparent lack of concern for the safety 
of those he wanted to contact.  They saw the democracy organizations they
helped to build and supported during the past three years exposed to
and subsequently destroyed by the communist government.  It is in this 
background that the latest controversies around Shen Tong erupted.

	AHKCUS did not bring this issue up during the lobby efforts of IFCSS
for fear of jeopardizing the passage of the Protection Bill.  

-----------------------------TO BE CONTINUED----------------------------------

James J. Cen
Emory University

Newsgroups: soc.culture.china
From: eleeabj@marge.cc.uh.edu ( Ning)
Subject: X11
Organization: University of Houston
Date: Thu, 8 Oct 1992 20:11:12 GMT

Hi everybody,
  I am trying to make cxterm(the chinese version of xterm) work on my NeXT
work stations, but I am running into trouble.  First of all, I can't get the
char. "|" from the keyboard; secondly, I can't issue the commands like 
"bdftosnf" or "xmkmf" etc.  Does anybody out there know what the problems?
If so, please e-mail to me : zhangn@tree.egr.uh.edu  , because I do not
often get on this group.Btw, I think the version I have is X11R4.

Jacky
From: stlin@stevelin.Eng.Sun.COM (Steven Lin)
Newsgroups: soc.culture.china
Subject: Re: Da4 Zha4 Lan2 and Guang1 Zha4
Date: 12 Oct 92 22:04:49 GMT
Organization: Sun Microsystems, Mt. View, Ca.
NNTP-Posting-Host: stevelin

>>
> I found out people on SCC during TAM time
>were honest. They did admit the error and fairly comitted to correct the
>pronounciation. To those tend to pronounce Kuai as Hui, have less basis to
>argue with. 
> If Deng's grand came back and found his
>name now is simplified to un-recognizable, he would have killed Ah Ping!
>
>
Ah! Ha!  The above was  Zhi Sang Ma Gui/ghost (huai)! :-)
Newsgroups: soc.culture.china
From: zzuo@iastate.edu (Zhiqi Zuo)
Subject: Re: "6.4" bill, blood card
Organization: Iowa State University, Ames, IA
Date: Sat, 10 Oct 1992 20:36:31 GMT

In article <1992Oct10.174055.888@unine.ch> Congzhong.Wang@info.unine.ch writes:
>  Now that the Protection Bill signed, I think many CSS in US are happy. No
>need saying congratulations, there are already too much, I believe.
>  From my knowledge of this bill, it is said that the goal of the bill is to
>protect those  CSS who would be in danger if they go back to China, and many
>CSS  claim  that the bill will not hurt Chinese people, those CSS who get PR
>will be promoting democracy and helping China abroad, and finally they will be
>back to their homeland. Fine. All seems good. But ...
>  Now, in this world, no matter in the "free world" or communist country, you
>can promise everything, you can do nothing afterwards, and with good excuse :"
>Even the president or party secterary could lie, there are big liars, why can
>I NOT?" As to the conscience, a good Chinese saying tells all :"How much 1 jin1
>conscience costs?" 
>  Someone said, that the future of China depends on those CSS abroad.In science 
>,perhaps, under the condition of their probable future going back. In politics,
>absolutely NOT. Even if they came back, that means China is in REAL democratic
>atmosphere, some questions would be asked: where were you and what were you do-
>ing when Chinese people working hard to build the country and promoting democ-
>racy in the difficult situations? Seeking protection and lobbying CMFN would
>NOT be the good answers. 
>  To the bill benefitors. Perhaps everyone knows that the direct cause of this
>bill is "6.4". "6.4" means millions of Chinese people's effort and hundreds'
>blood shed in the ChangAn Avenue in 1989. Remember it or not,it's always there.
>  No "6.4", No this bill; No blood, No this card. 
>  History, remembers ALL.  
   ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Yes, glory and shame.

I second your opinion.
Newsgroups: soc.culture.china
From: eluo@engr.latech.edu (Erming Luo)
Subject:  ########  Who is from Hefei,Anhui?
Reply-To: eluo@engr.latech.edu
Organization: Louisiana Tech University
Date: Wed, 14 Oct 1992 19:36:34 GMT

>Hi, Body!  I am a from Hefei, Anhui. Did you know any guys coming from
>Hefei or Hefei University of Technology? please let me know. Thank you 
>very much. Have a Goodday!



>Your friend: Erming Luo             318-251-2276

>sorry I don't have a 1-800- free call. take it easy.
From: stlin@stevelin.Eng.Sun.COM (Steven Lin)
Newsgroups: soc.culture.china
Subject: Re: Oct 1, our National Day
Date: 8 Oct 1992 19:11:10 GMT
Organization: Sun Microsystems, Mt. View, Ca.
NNTP-Posting-Host: stevelin

In article <Bvt61G.FFt@cs.psu.edu> jyw@phys.psu.edu (Jin-Yuan Wu) writes:
>>>
>>It is Qin Kuai, Kuai is a combination of wood and meeting, pronounced
>>to be Kuai, not "Hui". Isn't it a distruction of Chinese culture?
>>Note: I checked my dictionary which was published in mainland X years ago.
>
>This charactor has at least three pronounciations as I know: Hui4, Kuai4 
>and Gui4. Hui4 is a pronounciation used in Beijing Operas. 

As I know of, the Beijing opera performs in Taiwan that word is still
pronounced to be Kuai. I just had very good Mandarin teachers, husband and
wife both from Bei Shi Da. There is no way to read it as Hui.
In the meanwhile, I checked my dictionary which was published in mainland
in 80s. I could only find the Hui pronouncition. So, it is the wild rule
to read Chinese: if it has side, read side(s) as the whole word, or read
the middle one. Yu Ben Du Ben, Mei Ben Du Chung Jian.  That is why you 
guys reading it as Hui, the side word (meeting).
I also found the word "popular", Kuai Zi Zen Kuo, is also twisted to be
Hui Zi Zen Kuo, in that dictionary.

It is possible that Mao Ze Dong to be pronounced as Mao Zei(thief) Dong.:-)

No wonder, I felt much difficult to understand Shi-chuan Hua: Zuo Man Tou,
Yu Ban Tou, sounded like making Man-tou. The real one is: turn right all
the way, turn left halt way.
From: jyw@phys.psu.edu (Jin-Yuan Wu)
Newsgroups: soc.culture.china
Subject: Re: Oct 1, our National Day
Date: 7 Oct 92 15:05:40 GMT
Organization: Penn State, Department of Physics

In article <1992Oct6.184002.15132@ms.uky.edu> gang@ms.uky.edu (Gang Li) writes:
>usenet@news.acns.nwu.edu (Usenet on news.acns) writes:
>
>>In article <1992Oct6.171507.29459@ms.uky.edu> gang@ms.uky.edu (Gang Li) writes:
>>> xlli@silver.ucs.indiana.edu (xiao-lin li) writes:
>>> 
>>> >>Remains of Yue4 Fei1 and Qin2 Hui4.
>>> 
>>> >What have this to do with Yue Fei and Qin Hui? I guess modern China
>>> >needs neither of them.
>>> 
>>> Unfortunately you always have these kind of people.
>
>>Yes, there are always these two kinds of people, ultra-leftests and  
>>ultra-rightests, just like there are always beggars, prostitutes and  
>>religiously crazy people in a society. But this does not mean these people are  
>>the treasure of a society.
>
>>Carl
>
>Then go back to China and turn down the temple of Yue Fei.
>
And then replace Qin Hui's kneeing statue by the one of some self-defined 
"treasure of a society".
Newsgroups: soc.culture.china
From: Lian Zheng <LZHENG@ucs.indiana.edu>
Subject: What do I think about the "Protection Bill" ?
Organization: Indiana University
Date: Sun, 11 Oct 1992 06:26:18 GMT

 
What do I think about "Protection Bill" ?

I am not against the bill, since so many CSS want it.  I just want to point out
the following, after the bill has passed the congress and the White House.

1) The majority of CSS have been unwilling to return to China, even before 
   the "6.4.".  The reason is the same as that of the students from 
   other undeveloped countries.
2) The "6.4." provides a fantastic excuse to seek a permit to stay in the US. 
3) In order to let the bill pass, some people involved had to 
   bash China in every way they could possibly imagine and had to give in
   on other issues like trade, arm sales, etc. 

The conclusion is easy to draw from the above.   The sounding slogans,
such as human rights, democracy, and helping the development of China, 
are just beatiful cheating.  Among the people I have met, including non-CSS, 
NOBODY buys the pretext.
From: chenwei@en.ecn.purdue.edu (Chenwei Yan)
Newsgroups: soc.culture.china
Subject: Re: Oct 1, our National Day
Date: 7 Oct 92 19:31:19 GMT
Organization: Purdue University Engineering Computer Network

In article <1av68hINNm2@liverbug.hsc.usc.edu> jamesou@liverbug.hsc.usc.edu (James Ou) writes:
>
>*****Man3 Jiang1 Hong2  	   -Yue4 Fei1, Song dynasty
>Nu4 Fa3 Chong1 Guang1,
>Ping2 Lan2 Chu4,
>Xiao1 Xiao1 Yu3 Xue1.
>Tai2 Wang4 Yan3,
>Yang3 Tian1 Chang2 Xiao4,
>Zhuang4 Huai2 Ji1 Lie4.
>San1 Shi2 Gong1 Ming2 Cheng2 Yu3 Tu3,
>Ba1 Qian1 Li3 Lu4 Yun2 He2 Yue4.
>Dai4 Chong2 Tou2 Shou1 Shi2 Jiu4 Shan1 He2,   ****
>Chao2 Tian1 Que1.                             ****
>
>Jing4 Kang1 Chi3,
>You2 Wei4 Xue3,
>Cheng2 Zi3 Hen4 He2 Shi2 Mie4.
>Jia4 Chang2 Jyu1,
>Ta4 Puo4 He4 Lan2 Shan1 Que1.
>Zhuang4 Zhi4 Ji1 Can1 Hu2 Lu3 Rou4,
>Xiao4 Tan2 Ke3 Yin3 Xiong1 Nu2 Xue3.
>Muo4 Deng3 Xian2 Bai2 Liao3 Shao4 Nian2 Tou2,  ====
>Kong1 Bei1 Qie4.                               ====
>

I believe the lines marked with "****" should be switched with the lines 
marked with "====".