From: rick@cs.arizona.edu (Rick Schlichting)
Newsgroups: comp.research.japan
Subject: Kahaner Report: Inst Image Elec Eng of Japan, 20th Ann mtg., Tokyo
Date: 12 Aug 92 20:21:49 GMT


  [Dr. David Kahaner is a numerical analyst on sabbatical to the 
   Office of Naval Research-Asia (ONR Asia) in Tokyo from NIST.  The 
   following is the professional opinion of David Kahaner and in no 
   way has the blessing of the US Government or any agency of it.  All 
   information is dated and of limited life time.  This disclaimer should 
   be noted on ANY attribution.]

  [Copies of previous reports written by Kahaner can be obtained using
   anonymous FTP from host cs.arizona.edu, directory japan/kahaner.reports.]

To: Distribution
From: 
 David K. Kahaner
 US Office of Naval Research Asia
 (From outside US):  23-17, 7-chome, Roppongi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 106 Japan
 (From within  US):  Unit 45002, APO AP 96337-0007
  Tel: +81 3 3401-8924, Fax: +81 3 3403-9670
  Email: kahaner@cs.titech.ac.jp
Re: Inst Image Electronics Eng of Japan, 20th Ann mtg., 9-11 June 92, Tokyo
7 August 1992
This file is named "iieej.92"

ABSTRACT. Titles and abstracts presented at the Institute of Image
Electronics Engineers of Japan, 9-11 June 1992, Tokyo Japan

This small meeting brought together about 100 people to listen to
almost 50 contributed papers from 10 countries. A variety of topics were
discussed, but mainly focused on 
   Image recognition and understanding
   Printing/fax technology
   Multi media coding
In addition, a third day was devoted to an advanced session on 
   Document processing and digital imaging
at which about 20 additional papers were presented.
   
Papers numbered 1-44 were delivered in Japanese, 45-47 and A1 - A19 in
English. A Proceedings (296pp) containing all the papers was published by

     Institute of Image Electronics Engineers of Japan
     No. 505, 2-21-27, Shimo-Meguro, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153 JAPAN
      Tel: +81 3-3490-2940; Fax: +81 3-3490-3810

Below we list the titles and authors of each paper. In addition, English
abstracts, when these were available are given. (* identifies the speaker.)

Please contact me or the IIEEJ for copies of these papers or other
information. 

 1  Mathematical Morphology and the Structural Analysis of Kanji
    *S. Go, W. Chit, S. Shu and H. Tominaga (Waseda Univ.)

 2 Coding Techniques for High Definition Text Images Using Drawing Strokes
         and The Continuity  of  Blocks
    *H. Iizuka, O. Nakamura and T. Minami (Kogakuin Univ.)

 3 An Objective Evaluation of Picture Quality for Code Images
    *A. Sakurai and K, Kirisawa (Seikei Univ.)
 
 4 Initial Value Setting of Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding for Text/File
          Compression
     S. Kino, *K.  Maruyama and K. Kondo (Mitsubishi Electric Corp.)

  5 Quality Estimation of Extremely Small Printed Characters
    *T. Kobayasi, Y. Numagami, O. Nakamura and T. Minami (Kogakuin Univ.)

- Organized Session - Image Recognition and Understanding

  6 Toward Enhanced Character Recognition Technology
    *T. Wakahara (Inst. for Posts and Telecommunications Policy)

  7 Image Recognition Technology for Video Editing Support
    *H. Ueda (Hitachi, Ltd.)

  8 Japanese Address Reader-Sorter
    *Y. Nakamura (Toshiba Corp.)

- General Session

  9 Intelligent Image Coding and Its Application (Invited Speech)
    *Y. Hatori (KDD)

 10 Identification of Intersections Using Image Matching
    *S. Misono and M. Aoki (Seikei Univ.)

 11 Interpretation of Optical Flow Using Neural Network Learning
     M. Seki and *M.  Miyauchi (Sanno College)

 12 Body Motion Tracking of Gymnastic Exercise
    *A. Mitsui and M. Aoki (Seikei Univ.)

 13 Collation of Facial Images Based on Isodensity Maps
    *K. Ueno, O. Nakamura and T. Minami (Kogakuin Univ.)

 14 A Study on Improvement of Reconstruction Accurucy in Stereoscopy Using
          Isodensity Maps
    *M. Fujishima, O. Nakamura and T. Minami (Kogakuin Univ.)

 15 Thermal Printing System for  16dpm Half-Tone Printing
    *J. Iwaki, N. Inoue, K. Sasaki and N. Oshima (Toshiba Corp.)

 16 Development of Personal Plane Paper Facsimile HI-TWIN
    *S. Matsumoto, M. Watanabe, S. Ohara and H. Nakazawa (Hitachi, Ltd.)

 17 Color Matching Technique for Thermal Transfer Color Printer
    *T. Sato, F. Takeda, Y.Yamamoto and M. Watanabe (Hitachi, Ltd.)

 18 Full Color Facsimile System Using Ion Flow Printing
    *M. Omodani, M. Ohta, M. Fujita and Y. Hoshimo (NTT)

 19 Seamless Image Connection Technique in Image Input Using Multi-Sensor
    *K. Uehira (NTT)

 20 A Consideration of Transmission System for Facsimile Broadcasting
    *H. Seno and I. Misono (NHK)

 21 Processing Method of Multiply-Free DCT
    *J. Hara and N. Murayama (Ricoh Co.)

 22 Design of Parallel Filter Bank and Optimization of Its Filter Coefficients
    *N. Komatsu, J. Katto and Y. Yasuda (Univ. of Tokyo)

 23 A Reduction Method of Markov States with Vector Quantization
    *N. Inoue (Fujitsu Ltd.) and Y. Yasuda (Univ. of Tokyo)

 24 A Quautization Table Design Method Based on Visual Chacteristics
    *D. Ando and H. Ibraki (NTT)

 25 Synthesis Facial Expression Based on Motion Analysis of Isodensity Maps
    *Y. Hishinuma, I. So, O. Nakamura and T. Minami (Kogakuin Univ.)

 26 Chaos Image Coding with Edge-Fill Conversion
    *H. Taniguchi, K. Suzuki and N. Murayama (Ricoh Co.)

 27 A Study on IFS Estimation (without Using RIA)
    *H. Sumiyoshi, Y. Suzuki and A. Miyauchi (Musashi Inst. of Tech.)

 28 Unreversible Encoding of Digitized Line-Drawing Images by Generalized
      Chain Codes
    *A. Watanabe and I. Masuda (Secom Co., Ltd.)

- Organized Session - Multimedia Coding

 29 Directions of MPEG Standardization and Image Coding Technology
    *Y  Katayama (GC Technology Corp.)

 30 Multimedia/Hypermedia Standardization
    *H  Onoe (Victor Co. of Japan Ltd.) and Y. Yamagishi (Sony Corp.)

 31 Representation Function for Multimedia/Hypermedia Standardization
    *T  Nakagawa (NTT), W, Kameyama (Waseda Univ.) and
         H. Onoe (Victor Co. of Japan Ltd.)

- General Session

 32 An Algorithm on Generation Simplified Map According to Document
      Architecture for Map
    *K, Takahashi, K. Abe, W. Kameyama and H. Tominaga (Waseda Univ.)

 33 Integration of Image and Voice Data Using JPEG Algorithm
     Y. Yamamoto, *K.  Tanaka, Y. Nakamura and K. Matsui
        (The National Defense Academy)

 34 Document Syntax of HI-CAPTAIN HG
    *M. Morinaga, K. Takikawa and R. Suzuki (NTT)

 35 Fundental Experiments on Retrieval of Image Database Using Image Indexes
     M. Ishigame (Akita Univ.) and *M. Ishi (Tokyo Inst. of Tech.)

 36 Vector Fields in the Color Image and It's Application to the
      Edge Detections
    *K. Shinohara and T. Minami (Kogakuin Univ.)

- Kenote Address
    Mobile Communications in next generation
     M. Kuwabara (NTT)

- General Session

 37 Hivision Still Picture Disk (Invited Speech)
      - Focus on Standardization for Software Exchange -
    *K. Murakami (Meisei Univ.)

 38 A Density Reduction Method for Binary Image Including Pseudo Gray Scale
    *S. Aoki, S. Ohuchi, K. Imao and W. Yamada (Ricoh Co., Ltd.)

 39 An Adaptive Coding Method of Documents Including Character and Picture
    *H. Shirasawa, K. Imao and W. Yamada (Ricoh Co., Ltd.)

 40 High Quality Digital Image Processing Method Using Moire Suppression and
              Edge Enhancement Filtering
    *T. Nakamura, S. Shinoda, K. Nakashima and T. Inuzuka (Hitachi, Ltd.)

 41 Pixel Density Conversion Method for Halftone Images           
   *T. Semasa, *T.  Takahashi, Y. Imanaka and F. Ono (Mitsubishi Electric. Co)

 42 Entropy of Bi-level Image Quantized by Minimized Average Error
    *M. Matsumoto, I. Ueno, T. Semasa and F.  Ono  (Mitsubishi Electric Corp.)

 43 Evaluation of Direct Plate Printing Recorder 
    *H. Moriwaki (NEC Engineering Ltd.), H. Endoh (NEC Co.), S. Nitta and
            K. Asahiria (A@i Shinbun Publishing Co.)

 44 Compact, High-speed and Versatile Multi-Font Generator 
    T. Tanaka and *T.  Niwa (NHK)
    S. Ujihara and N. Okazaki  (Matsushita  Communication  Ind  Co.,Ltd.)

[Note abstracts of remaining papers follow the listing of their titles.]

 45 Arabic Document Processor: An Object Oriented Programming Approach
    M. N. Mikhail and K. Zaki (The American Univ. in Cairo)

 46 On the Modelling of Colour Distribution in Colour Screens
    B. Kruse (Linkoping Univ.)

 47 The NCS Colour System from Different Viewpoints
    B. Kruse (Linkoping Univ.)


                               Advanced Session of IIEEJ on
                      Document Processing and Digital Imaging

 A-1 A  Keynote Address
        Document  Preparation   System "Yamabuki" and Its Document Style 
              Handling
      Y.  Ohno  and  Y.  Yamamoto (Keio Univ., Japan)

- Document recognition & Algorithms

 A-2 A Design of the Graphic Interface  for  Book  Card  Understanding  System
     H. Hase, M. Yoneda, M. Sakai and T. Sasaki (Toyama Univ., Japan)

 A-3 Segmentation of Tables
     M. S. Krishnamoorthy and T. Hu (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, USA)

 A-4 Automatic Testing of Graphical Text
     A. Roberts, D. C. Ranyard and K. W. Brodlie (Univ. of Leeds, England)

 A-5 On the Recognition of Arabic Scripts Using Features Selected in the Hough
             Transform Space
     M. Fakir and C. Sodeyama (Nagaoka Univ. of Technology, Japan)

 A-6 A New Expression Method of Document Images Based on Maximum Matching of
             Bipartite Graph
     K. Douniwa, S. Chinveeraphan and M. Sato (Tokyo Inst of Tech, Japan)

 A-7 A Prototype  Color  Image  Server
     J. Wiseman, L. Mather, H. Nguyen, C.  Rosenberg  and  H.  Trontelj
                   (Hewlett-Packard Labs., USA)
- Fonts

 A-8 Two-Dimensional   Operators   for Chinese Character Description
     M. Aoki and A. Dodo (Seikei Univ., Japan)

 A-9 A formalism For Hierarchical Outline-Fonts
     B. Stamm (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Switzerland)

 A-10 Advanced Typography
     P. Karow (URW Unternehmensberatung, Germany)

 A-11 The Design and Implementation of CCPE
     J. Fan (National Research Center, P.R. China)

 A-12 A Method of Binarization Based on Information  of  Character  Structure
     N. Sun, M. Ito, J. Kudoh, K. Jayanthi, Y. Nemoto
          and H. Aso (Tohoku University, Japan)
          M. Kimura (Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, East, 
             Japan)

- Database

 A-13 SGML-based Document Sharing System
     D. Oria, T. Sasaki, H. Okutomi, M. Hasunuma and K. Toyoda
                   (Matsushita Graphics Communication System Inc., Japan)

 A-14 ELIS (Electronic Library System): A HyperBook System
     M. Y. Sung, S. J. Oh, H. G. Kang and J. S. Kim (ETRI, Korea)

 A-15 Technical Documentation Handling within a Computer Assisted Design 
            Environment
     F. Prunet, J. Nanard, M. Nanard, T. Renoir, T. Giaconne and G. Momeret
                   (Univ. of Montpellier, France)

- System

 A-16 Multilingual Document Preparation Environment and its Tools
     Z. Ming (Univ. of Liverpool, UK)
     H. Ying, L. Jinxin and Z. Ning (Peking Univ., China)

 A-17 Arabic Word Processor: An Object Oriented Programming Approach
     M. N. Mikliail and K. Zaki (The American Univ.  in  Cairo,  Egypt)

 A-18 Editing Facilities of Fine Multi-lingual Gray-scale Text
     S. Abe, M. Maekawa (Univ. of Tokyo, Japan)

 A-19 Audio Graphic Conference System Using Color LCD Tablet
     K. Yoshimi, K. Yanaka, Kazumi Komiya, T. Nomura and S. Sakai (NI7, Japan)


ABSTRACTS from IIEEJ 20th Annual Meeting and Advanced Session
June-9-June 11, 1992

Arabic Word Processor: An Object Oriented Programming Approach
     M.N. Mikhail (Computer Science Dept., The American University in Cairo,
     Cairo, Egypt. Fax: +202 355 7565), et al.

     Abstract
          Object Oriented programming (OOP) has proven to be the ideal
     environment for developing word processors.  In particular, in the two
     most important components, namely the internal structure and the user
     interface.  In the internal structure, a unified approach is used to
     represent documents as a bidirectional linked list of a document.  The
     same structure is used to represent a document as pages and lines.  The
     user interface is implemented using two general objects, window and
     button.  The window could be resized, dragged, zoomed in or out, or
     closed.  The window is linked to the document structure which would be
     controlled through it.  Once the general button is created along with
     other structures such as radio buttons and check boxes, they could be
     called from different dialog boxes to perform different actions as the
     user may wish.

On the Modelling of Colour Distribution in Colour Screens
     Bjorn Kruse (Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Linkoping University, S-581
     83 Linkoping, Sweden. Fax: +46 13-28-25-99)

     Abstract
          In colour reproduction the rendition of colour is a result of the
     combined effect of paper and ink properties and lighting conditions.  The
     notion of dotgain describes the process.  The notion of dotgain describes
     the process.  This paper deals with the analysis of the optical part of
     the dotgain.  The colour distributions are viewed as 3-D surfaces as a
     function of varying ink coverage percentages and reflection values.  It
     is shown how the dotgain can be analyzed by processing the tristimulus
     values from a scanned tint.  A model is also developed for the behaviour
     of the distributions.

A Document Preparation System "Yamabuki" and Its Document Style Handling
     Yoshio Ohno (Faculty of Science & Technology, Keio University, Kohoku-ku,
     Yokohama 223, Japan; Email: ohno@on.cs.keio.ac.jp), et al.

     Abstract
          Many people from several organizations have been developing a
     Japanese document preparation system called "Yamabuki" [1] for UNIX
     workstations.  In this paper, we describe how document styles are treated
     in Yamabuki.  Yamabuki is basically a WYSIWYG-type system, but the
     concept of document style is also built in this system.  Therefore, the
     users of Yamabuki can enjoy the advantages of markup-type systems.
          We will discuss how we merged WYSIWYG and markup in Yamabuki.  We
     also describe the mechanism for the novice user with little knowledge for
     constructing good styles.

A Design of the Graphic Interface for Book Card Understanding System
     Hiroyuki Hase (Faculty of Engineering, Toyama University, Toyama-shi,
     930, Japan. Fax: +81 764-41-8432), et al.

     Abstract
          We formerly proposed an understanding system for book cards.  The
     aim of the system was to classify characters on a book card into several
     items (such as title, author, publisher and so on) for the purpose of
     making a book information data base effectively.  The system was
     implemented on the main frame computer using Prolog and Fortran
     languages.  Recently, we have switched it over from the main frame to the
     workstation in order to add interactive functions, and realized a graphic
     interface using X-window.  An operator can give following commands
     through the interface; (1) book card input, (2) removal of noise which
     the system could not remove automatically, (3) confirmation and
     correction of recognized characters, (4) confirmation and correction of
     classified items, (5) registration of result, and so on.  According to
     the correction by the operator, the system retry to get better
     classification results.  The interface has been implemented by C
     programming language.  In this paper, we describe the functions of the
     interface and the relation between the understanding system and the
     interface.  We also give some experimental results for book cards in the
     library of Toyama university.

Segmentation of Tables
     M.S. Krishnamoorthy (Dept. of Computer Science, Rensselaer Polytechnic
     Institute, Troy, NY 12180), et al.

     Abstract
          This paper describes an algorithm for identifying rows and columns
     of a table from a scanned image of a table.  The paper also describes the
     limitation of the proposed method.  The algorithms that are derived in
     the paper are extensions of the algorithms that are used for segmenting
     text document into paragraphs.  Heuristic algorithms based  on the number
     of white and black pixels are used for segmentation.  Finally the paper
     provides experimental results for the performance of the proposed
     algorithms.  

Automatic Testing of Graphical Text
     A. Roberts (School of Computer Studies, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2
     9JT, England. Fax: +44 532-335-468), et al.

     Abstract
          This work is part of a project with the overall aim of reducing the
     human element in conformance testing of graphics software.  In this paper
     work is described which illustrates the use of pattern classification on
     data retrieved by a pixel readback facility as a means of automatically
     testing the correctness of graphical text.  The study dealt with upper
     and lower case letters of the Roman alphabet and even for arbitrary fonts
     and rotated characters a recognition success rate of around 90% was
     achieved.  The work was done on GKS but would be readily applicable to
     other graphics standards.

On the Recognition of Arabic Scripts Using Features Selected in the Hough
Transform Space
     Mohamed Fakir (Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Nagaoka University of
     Technology, 940-21, Kamitomiokamachi, 1603-1, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan),
     et al.

     Abstract
          A Method for the recognition of Arabic printed scripts entered from
     an image scanner is presented.  After the process of smoothing, midline
     drift correction, and lines separation, Arabic words are segmented into
     characters, then characters into main body and stress marks (if any). 
     From the character main body, features are extracted in the Hough
     transform space.  Next characters are classified into two steps: In the
     first one, character main body is classified using Dynamic programming
     matching technique and features selected in Hough transform space.  In
     the second one, simple topological features extracted from the geometry
     of the stress marks are used by a topological classifier to completely
     recognize the character.  The method was tested on a sample set of 300
     words and a recognition of 90% was obtained.

A New Expression Method of Document Images Based on Maximum Matching of
Bipartite Graph
     Ken'ichi Douniwa, Supoj Chinveeraphan (Precision and Intelligence Lab.,
     Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuda-cho, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa
     227, Japan), et al.

     Abstract
          This paper presents a new method to express binary images, named
     Minimum Covering Run (MCR) expression.  The proposed expression is
     invented by selecting suitable runs from horizontal and vertical run
     types which minimize the total number of runs that still represent the
     images exactly.  It is shown that horizontal and vertical runs of binary
     image can be thought as partite sets of a bipartite graph.  Consequently,
     the MCR expression that corresponds to maximum matching in the graph, can
     be found by using an algorithm solving this graph-theoretic problem.  An
     efficient algorithm for the expression method is also demonstrated and
     the validity of stroke extraction of information in document images is
     shown as an application.

A Prototype Color Image Server
     Jeanne Wiseman (Hewlett-Packard Labs, Computer Peripherals Lab, 1501 Page
     Mill Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA. Fax: 415-857-4681), et al.

     Abstract
          We present the architecture and algorithms of a prototype Color
     Image Server prototype.  The system consists of an Image Server program
     which manages compressed color images on a workstation and of a companion
     Image Browser client used to retrieve visually, display, print, and
     capture the images.  The architecture combines image compression with
     progressive transmission to minimize retrieval times on the network while
     keeping the storage requirements low.  A novel redundancy reduction lossy
     compression algorithm was developed specifically for this application
     where images are more often decompressed than compressed.  The algorithm
     offers significant speed advantage for decoding over transform based
     techniques, traded for a small degradation in image quality and high
     encoding complexity.  Progressive transmission is achieved by encoding
     the images in a 3-layer pyramid structure using this compression
     technique at different bit rates and in different color spaces.  The last
     layer of the pyramid provides visually lossless encoding suitable for
     high quality display and printing.

Two-Dimensional Operators for Chinese Character Description
     Masayoshi Aoki (Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, Seikei
     University, 3-1 Kichijoji Kitamachi-3, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180, Japan
     Fax: +81 422-373871), et al.

     Abstract
          When using a word processor, the traditional Chinese character
     indexing system is not easy to use for a novice user or a casual user. 
     Many characters have simple structure from a two dimensional geometrical
     point of view.  We proposed to use not only the already existing named
     "Bushu", but also Chinese character itself.  For the two dimensional
     composition operation, only three operators will be used, ie.
     H(horizontal), V(vertical) and A(add, insert).  We applied the proposed
     scheme to "JIS level 1" Chinese characters (2,965 characters) and 86.5%
     (2,566 characters) of them could be described.  There are 399 characters
     left, but this includes 151 already existing named "Bushu".  This result
     shows the good capability of the proposed scheme.

A Formalism for Hierarchical Outline-Fonts
     Beat Stamm (Institute for Computer-Systems, Swiss Federal Institute of
     Technology, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland; Email: stamm@inf.ethz.ch)

     Abstract
          Simple font-rasterisation at low resolution is unlikely to preserve
     elementary properties of glyphs and characters due to inadequate control
     over quantization effects.  Notably regularity on pixel-level is
     violated, and subtle nuances at high resolution are enlarged at low
     resolution, or tiny parts are dropped altogether.  In this paper, we
     elaborate a concise formalism for defining outline-fonts, together with
     their regularity and similarity properties, and their behaviour under
     scaling.  With this knowledge a simple font-scaling algorithm can
     consistently render stems, serifs and diacritics without further hints,
     instructions or grid-fitting.  It does so by applying transformations to
     contours, glyphs or characters in pixel-space.  Drop-outs and dynamic
     regularization are both taken care of by the contour's knots containing
     the intelligence to be scaled individually.  The extensibility of this
     mechanism is asserted by object oriented implementation of the relevant
     parts.

Advanced Typography
     Peter Karow (URW Unternehmensberatung, Harksheider Strabe 102, D-2000
     Hamburg 65, Germany. Fax: +40 60-60-52-52)

     Abstract
          Recent research has brought us to computer aided typography. 
     Especially, there are three interrelated innovations:
     1. "Kerning on the Fly" calculates balanced kerning for words with a
     speed of 100 paris/sec.
     2. The KQ-program fulfills "optical scaling" which calculates the various
     pointsizes by following the rules of the old punch cutters
     3. The hz-program, finally, composes text without changing the inter-
     word-spacing following the rules of Johannes Gutenberg and his 42-line
     bible.
          Examples will be presented to prove the performance.  Manufacturers
     of printing equipment should be concerned with these results and are
     called to improve its type-setting quality.

The Design and Implementation of CCPE
     Jianping Fan (National Research Center for Intelligent Computing Systems,
     Institute of Computing Technology, Academia Sinica, P.O. Box 2704,
     Beijing, P.R. China)

     Abstract
          The CCPE (Chinese Character Pattern Editor) is an interactive
     Chinese Character (CC) design system of which focus on designing new
     typeface of CC fronts composed by 7-10 thousand CC patterns.  In this
     paper, we discuss the general considerations or criterions in developing
     these kind of systems and their impacts in the design of the CCPE.  The
     limited parametric graphical method and the character dynamic
     decomposition concept which be supported by CCPE are introduced in
     detail.  The implementation of CCPE is presented in some detail.  In the
     end of paper, some experiences gotten through using CCPE and future
     research work are highlighted.

A Method of Binarization Based on Information of Character Structure
     Ning Sun (Computer Center, Tohoku Univ., 1-1, 2-chome, Aoba-ku, Sendai-
     shi 980, Japan. Fax: +81 22-263-9202), et al.

     Abstract
          Binarization of gray level image is the first process of character
     recognition and plays a crucial role in the recognition system.  Until
     now, attempts of binarization are basically based on the methods using
     fixed threshold.  The algorithm of using fixed threshold is simple and
     the effectiveness has been confirmed in respect to characters such as
     alphabets and simple Chinese characters, but it can be difficult to
     obtain a clear binary image from a complicated Chinese character
     especially where the character structure is proposed.  The new method has
     two features, the first one is using a cubic B-spline surface in
     normalizing process, and the second one is the algorithm of using
     relative threshold based on local distribution of gray level image.  As a
     result, the recognition system using the new method processed a first
     recognition rate of 99.71% in comparison with that of 99.32% using the
     typical binarization method.

SGML-based Document Sharing System
     Daniel Oria (Engineering Research Lab., Matsushita Graphic Communication
     Systems Inc., 2-3-8 Shimomeguro, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153, Japan
     Fax: +81 3-3495-4620), et al.

     Abstract
          We propose a SGML-based document sharing system which provides users
     with an integrated environment for electronic document processing and
     information sharing.  The system, called SRIM (Strategic Reporting and
     Information Management), is basically designed for distributed use of PCs
     connected by PC-LAN to file and printer servers.  The system can be
     composed of any other network configuration as well.  The distinctive
     features of this system are creation and interchange of SGML documents. 
     SGML offer the advantage of structure  handling to process and share
     documents.  The SRIM system contains the functionalities of editing and
     formatting SGML documents, documents registration, integration, and
     database management.

ELIS (Electronic LIbrary System): A HyperBook System
     Mee-Young Sung (Computer Research Dept., Electronics and
     Telecommunications Research Institute), DaeDuk Science Town, Daejeon 305-
     606, Korea; Email: mysung@kiet.etri.re.kr)

     Abstract
          ELIS (Electronic LIbrary System) is a HyperBook system designed for
     hypertexitization of conventional books and papers.  It organizes
     information bits with links and provides a flexible multimedia
     presentation of them.  ELIS supports four different types of links:
     associative link, detail link, note link, and external link.  In
     addition, it is capable of such functions as authoring, browsing,
     searching, overview, backtracking, footprint/history, and bookmark.
          We defined a HyperBook description language, named ELIDL (Electronic
     LIbrary Description Language), to be used in generating ELIDF's
     (Electronic LIbrary Description Formats).  Use of ELIDL makes creation
     and modification of HyperBooks simple because, with it, the main program
     need not be directly changed.  A ELIDF is generated as an output from the
     authoring function which in turn becomes the input to the browsing
     function.  ELIDF contains the structural informations of a HyperBook such
     as the types and positions of nodes, link types, and jump addresses.

Technical Documentation Handling within a Computer Assisted Design Environment
     Francois Prunet (Dept. of Knowledge Acquisition and Representation,
     Laboratoire d'Informatique, de Robotique et de Microelectronique de
     Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, U.A. 1480,
     University of Montpellier, 860 Rue de Saint Priest, 34090 Montpellier,
     France; Email: nanard@crim.fr or prunet@frmop53.bitnet), et al.
     
          Handling in real time the documentation associated to a design
     process is a very important challenge for high technologies industries. 
     An integrated Computer Assisted Design environment should provide the
     designer with integrated tools for document production and management
     since documents are part of the design process:  documents of any kind
     should be tightly linked to the objects they refer to.  Structured
     hypertexts are a possible key to this challenge: they provide with
     flexible structure management.  Typed links, typed nodes, typed anchors
     and dynamically specifiable relationships between types are powerful
     tools for representing knowledge about documents.  The paper describes
     the architecture and the integrated CAD environment for Production
     Control Systems we have developed.  It takes advantage of structured
     hypertext abstract machine both as a flexible repository for any
     information related to the design process and as a semantic link server
     which unifies the management of relationships between objects and their
     documentation.

Multilingual Document Preparation Environment and Its Tools
     Zheng Min (Institute of Computer Science and Technology, Peking
     University, Beijing 100871, China; Email: zhm@compsci.liverpool.ac.uk.), 
     et al.

     Abstract
          Establishing an environment instead of an isolated system is a new
     approach to the development of document preparation system.  A
     multilingual document preparation environment -- WITS (Window-based
     Integrated Typesetting System) is described in this paper.  It consists
     of a set of tools developed following predefined common data structures
     and communication protocols.  These tools can work cooperatively with
     uniform operating style under a uniform environment.  This paper gives a
     brief introduction to WITS environment, including an object-oriented
     platform and varieties of tools.  Because WITS is a multilingual,
     especially multi-oriental language environment, discussion on
     multilingual processing is also included in this paper.

On the Development of an Arabic/Latin Desktop Publisher
     M.N. Mikahail (The Center of Excellence, Computer Science Department, the
     American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt; Mikhail@auc.eg), et al.

     Abstract
          In spite of the important role Desktop Publishers play in our day-
     to-day business, there has been a lack of a good Arabic Desktop Publisher
     on the PC.  In developing one, many major design issues had to be
     addressed.  Manipulation of Arabic text in graphics mode with its unique
     features has been addressed.  Creating a user-friendly lay-out utility,
     that can be dynamically changed, has been accomplished.  Mixing Arabic,
     Latin, and bit-mapped graphics on the same document was also a
     challenging task.  In order to minimize the secondary storage required to
     save the document, the layout is stored in a vector form.  In addition,
     both Arabic and Latin text are stored as ASCII characters, and images
     have been compressed.  Only when the document is to be viewed on the
     screen or sent to the printer, that the whole thing is converted to the
     graphics mode.

Editing Facilities of Fine Multi-lingual Gray-scale Text
     Satoshi Abe (Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo,
     Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113), et al.

     Abstract
          This paper discusses the implementation of text edit facilities with
     mixed-language gray-scale fonts.  Text editing facilities are fundamental
     functions for human-computer interaction.  However, even today's state-
     of-the-art display does not have sufficient resolution to display small
     Japanese characters that is essential for the business use.  Gray-scale
     fonts can eliminate this problem.  On the other hand, text editing of
     gray-scale fonts has several problems that are not found in the case of
     conventional binary fonts.  The paper presents our implementation of text
     editing facilities for gray-scale fonts including the discussion on such
     problems.

Audio Graphic Conference System Using Color LCD Tablet
     Kazuo Yoshimi (NTT Integrated Communications Systems Headquarters, 66-2
     Horikawa-cho, Saiwai-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 210, Japan), et al.

     Abstract
          This paper describes an audio graphic conference system that
     transfers stored images, realtime voice and realtime handwriting between
     remote locations over an ISDN line.  This system displays images
     concurrently at two remote locations for joint scrutiny by the parties to
     the conference.  Either side can request an image, and it is displayed
     simultaneously on both side.  Telewriting capability for over-writing is
     available.  The main capabilities of the system are (1) realtime two-way
     voice transmission, (2) image transmission and display of the same images
     on LCD tablets on both sides, (3) realtime two-way telewriting and
     display on top of images, different colors are used to distinguish the
     notations of each side, (4) user-friendly human interface using a color
     LCD tablet.  The displays support a full range of vivid colors. 
     Moreover, the system has made much more user-friendly to operate because
     most functions can be controlled right on the tablet.  The system should
     find extensive use in many new "tele-" domains.  

The NCS Colour System from Different Viewpoints
     Bjorn Kruse (Image Processing Group, Dept. of Electrical Engineering,
     Linkoping University, S-581 83 Linkoping, Sweden. Fax: +46 13-28-25-99)

     Abstract
          Colour systems can be classified with regard to their intended use. 
     This is reflected in its representation of colour, that can be more or
     less adapted to the human colour vision.  Some of the derivatives of the
     CIE-standard have been developed with the intent to adapt the
     representation to the visual properties of man.  Being derivative of this
     system these representations are not as suitable as those developed with
     this intent in mind from the beginning.  Such systems are usually
     referred to as colour appearance systems.  It is required of a colour
     appearance system that the colour vector is represented in perception co-
     ordinates and that the scales are uniform in perception unit.  This paper
     compares the natural colour system, NCS, with the CIELUV and OSA systems,
     of which the OSA is another colour appearance system.  The comparison is
     made in graphical form to allow for a natural way to view colour
     populations in terms of scales and density with respect to the
     representation.  


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