HDTenEightyP/NetNews huggingface dataset:
From: euafri@eua.ericsson.se (Fredrik.Ostman)
Newsgroups: soc.culture.nordic
Subject: Re: Norwegian Alphabet
Date: 8 Sep 92 10:56:58 GMT
Organization: Ellemtel Telecom Systems Labs, Stockholm, Sweden

pem@Minsk.DoCS.UU.SE (Per-Erik Martin) writes:

>A": Long: I give up on this one. Someone suggested something like in
>          French 'chaise'. (I don't speak French so I wouldn't know.)
>    Short: Something like Eng. 'carry' maybe?

>O": Long: Something like in Eng. "bird".
>    Short: Don't know. Try pronouncing "bird" with a very short vowel if
>           you can... ;)

Actually, these two have two distinct pronounciations each, one before "r"
and one otherwise (i.e. in the Stockholm dialect, some other dialects have
chosen one of them for all cases). A"[r] is like american bad, but A"[^r]
is like french fraise. O"[r] is like french e, but O"[^r] is...
different?
--
  ______                     _~
 (_/_ _  _  _/) _  . /)     / ) , _/)     _
__/ _/(_(/_(/__/(_/_/Z_    (_/_/)_/__/))_(I_/)_
Newsgroups: soc.culture.nordic
From: roger@zoo.toronto.edu (Roger Greenwald)
Subject: Norwegian alphabet; boole; inhalation
Date: Mon, 14 Sep 1992 05:03:23 GMT
Organization: U of Toronto Zoology

Agree that the ring is not a diacritical. Please note,
though: the name of the letter in English (in all cases
I have ever seen) is "ring-a," not "a-ring." However,
all cases I have seen have been in N. America, so maybe
UK is different.
Mail to John@boole.uucp bounced, sent from a unix site
(unknown host). Any suggestions?
Informal observation of inhaled "ja" over many years
has led me to the following hypotheses (amendments welcome):
the speech pattern seems to be more common among women
than among men (and yes, widespread in Scandinavia--have
also heard it among some other Europeans); it seems to be used
mainly when one person is narrating an event and the other,
to indicate she is listening and has understood so far, says
"ja" now and then; it seems to be used often to express
sympathetic assent to what has just been said, especially
when what has been said has conveyed sorrow, pain, etc.
In the last case it's almost partly a sigh, though the air
goes in instead of out.
Newsgroups: soc.culture.nordic
From: lhe@sics.se (Lars-Henrik Eriksson)
Subject: Re: Interest rates
Reply-To: lhe@sics.se (Lars-Henrik Eriksson)
Organization: SICS, Kista (Stockholm), Sweden
Date: Fri, 11 Sep 1992 08:01:07 GMT

In article <1992Sep10.151345.25457@tdb.uu.se>, t88swa@tdb (Sven Wallman) writes:
>They said on the news that the actions from the swedish Riksbank made the dollar
>rise and the german mark fall. I guess it must have been expensive to make that
>happen.

Yes. It cost 120 billion swedish crowns worth of foreign currency,
that the Riksbank borrowed abroad.
-- 
-- 
Lars-Henrik Eriksson                            Internet: lhe@sics.se
Swedish Institute of Computer Science           Phone (intn'l): +46 8 752 15 09
Box 1263                                        Telefon (nat'l): 08 - 752 15 09
S-164 28  KISTA, SWEDEN                         Fax: +46 8 751 72 30
Newsgroups: soc.culture.nordic
From: ulf@gbg.infolog.se (Ulf Sundin)
Subject: Re: Norwegian Alphabet
Organization: Infologics AB
Date: Tue, 8 Sep 1992 11:06:19 GMT

In article <HAAVARDF.92Sep8012952@gluon.uio.no>, haavardf@gluon.uio.no (Haavard Fosseng) writes:
> 
> In article <1992Sep7.195212.2614@boole.uucp> John@boole.uucp (John Ahlstrom) writes:
> 
> Thus, the status of the ring is not like that of an accent, but (more)
> like that of the dot in such characters as `i' and `j'.

I agree with this.

However, when I visited Czechoslovakia I noticed that they used rings as
diacritial signs, e.g. over the letter u in the name of the composer
Martinu. I don't know how it influence the pronunciation. 
So if you would like to have a name for the ring, maybe they
have a name in Czechish that can be used.

/Ulf Sundin
Newsgroups: soc.culture.nordic
From: u920487@postoffice.utas.edu.au (David Allingham)
Newsgroups: soc.culture.nordic
Subject: Wanted: Finnish newspapers/birthday traditions
Date: 15 Sep 92 02:02:12 GMT
Organization: University of Tasmania, Australia

Greetings all :-)
  In a few weeks it will be my girlfriend's birthday, and she is Finnish.
I would like to get a copy of the front page of any major Finnish newspapers
from her birthday, September 30 1972.  If anyone would be able to get a copy
of these in GIF format and email them to me I would be very grateful.
  Are there any Finnish birthday traditions that anyone can tell me about?

Thanks for listening :-)

...............................................................

 _--_|\   David Allingham       (u920487@postoffice.utas.edu.au)
/      \
\_.--._/
      * <--- University of Tasmania!
Newsgroups: soc.culture.nordic
From: haavardf@boson.uio.no (Haavard Fosseng)
Subject: Re: devaluering
Organization: University of Oslo, Norway
Date: Wed, 16 Sep 1992 00:52:44 GMT

Etter det eg les i Dagens N{ringsliv vert det rekna som noks} usannsynleg
at Noreg kjem til } devaluere i n{r framtid. Norsk |konomi er ikkje s} 
ille ute som den svenske og den finske, og det valutamarknaden f|rst og
fremst har vore redd for, er at det ville ha vorte umogleg for Noreg }
"st} imot" dersom Sverige devaluerte. F|rebels ser det ut som om Sverige
har "st}tt han av".

Dette er i alle fall det avisa seier. Eg har *ikkje* greie p} valuta-
spekulasjon.


H}vard Fosseng
Newsgroups: soc.culture.nordic
From: haavardf@gluon.uio.no (Haavard Fosseng)
Subject: Re: Norwegian Alphabet
Organization: University of Oslo, Norway
Date: Tue, 8 Sep 1992 00:29:52 GMT

In article <1992Sep7.195212.2614@boole.uucp> John@boole.uucp (John Ahlstrom) writes:

   For about 15 years there has been a scavenger hunt* in Silicon Valle
   to find the word in Norwegian that is the name for the little circle
   above the A in the character (some character, I don't know then
   name of the character either) that starts the name of Angstrom.

To the best of my knowledge, it has no particular name. "The a with a ring
over it" is not regarded as a composite character; it is the 29th letter of
the Norwegian alphabet. When referring to that particular *part* of the
letter, it is called "ringen i }" --- "the ring in }" ( } represents "the 
a with a ring over it" ) 

Thus, the status of the ring is not like that of an accent, but (more)
like that of the dot in such characters as `i' and `j'. 

Hope this helps.


H}vard Fosseng
Newsgroups: soc.culture.nordic
From: kimmel@cortex.sai.vtt.fi     (Jyrki Kimmel)
Subject: Re: Norwegian Alphabet
Keywords: Norwegian Alphabet
Organization: Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT/SAI)
Date: Thu, 10 Sep 1992 12:18:07 GMT


A rather amusing anecdote to illustrate how confused you can
get with the aa and ring-a:

When we were scouting for our trip in Denmark we found an old
issue of the American Automobile Association Europe travel guide.
They had a section on Aalborg, which they were smart enough to
write with ring-Alborg. In the architecture part, they told
the prospect traveler that the city had a library designed by
the famous Finnish architect, Alvar ring-Alto...

Jyrki

-- 
Jyrki Kimmel, VTT Medical Engineering Laboratory kimmel@cortex.sai.vtt.fi
signature in proposal in peer review phase (PPRP). Proposed motto:
"El{m{ on kivaa!" ("Life is fun!")  -Kaisa-Maria, age 3
Newsgroups: soc.culture.nordic
From: raustein@athena.mit.edu (Yngve Koehler Raustein)
Subject: Re: Norwegian Alphabet
Organization: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Date: Thu, 10 Sep 1992 15:15:51 GMT

In article <72231@apple.Apple.COM>, minow@Apple.COM (Martin Minow) writes:

|> As has been already noted, it (along with the letters called a-dieresis
|> and o-dieresis) is a proper vowel in the Scandinavian and Finnish languages.
|> I.e., the ring is not something pasted over an A to "change" it. Phonemicly,
|> it is pronounced like the "oa" in English "boat" and "coal" which, not
|> coincidentally, are written b<a-ring>t and k<a-ring>l in Swedish.
|>

The Icelandic a' (a with an accent) is pronounced like the examples you
just gave, and I think it evolved like the a-ring.  However, a-ring is
pronounced (sort of) like `aw' in `dawn.' (At least the long version of a-ring.)
 
|> Historically, it evolved from middle-ages writing conventions, where the
|> 'o' in the 'oa' pair became written above the 'a'.
|> 

Think you got that one wrong, too.  A-ring evolved from a long a, written
aa (as in present Finnish), with one a being placed on top of the other.

Yngve

-- 
Yngve K. Raustein		| ``We use choicest juicy chunks of fresh 
362 Memorial Drive		| Cornish ram's bladder, emptied, steamed, 
Cambridge, MA 02139		| flavoured with sesame seeds whipped into a 
617-225-7343 			| fondue and garnished with lark's vomit.''
From: thietaniemi@cc.helsinki.fi
Newsgroups: soc.culture.nordic
Subject: Re: Koerakoonlased/Koirankuonolaiset
Date: 8 Sep 92 12:08:37 GMT
Organization: University of Helsinki


Sorry about a posting this twice, but I thought it was necessary
to add the subject to this entry!

(Please be patient with me, these are my fist hands on
interface :)

In article <1992Sep4.213403.1@cc.helsinki.fi>, thietaniemi@cc.helsinki.fi writes:
> 
> The story about "koirankuonolaiset" ("the dog-faced men";
> kuono = snout) is actually even more interesting.
> 
> During the 18th century, when Finland (as a part of kingdom of
> Sweden) waged wars against Russia, the word "koirankuonolaiset" 
> was widely used by finnish peasants to depict some central asiatic 
> soldiers of the imperial Russian army, mainly the kalmuks, but also 
> other "alien" ethnic groups.
> 
> The name refers not only to the outlook of some imperial soldiers,
> but also to the old custom of Northern Russian/Siberian tribes
> who used to wear skins of wild beasts (even with snout) hanging
> from their necks (Coincidentally, many of the tribes sharing this very
> custom were of finno-ugrian origin, that is, related to the Finns!).
> 
> There is scattered evidence that in some villages these "dog-faced-
> men" were considered to be inhuman, especially some kirgisians
> (I suppose they were kirgisians) who occasionally did 
> derive nourishment from the blood of their horses (using some
> kind of metal pipes). The shocked peasants thought they were
> "vampires" and stoned them dead and sunk them in to the marshes,
> as the local names sometimes indicate (like Tattarisuo in Helsinki,
> "tartar swamp", where some unfortunate tartar or kalmuk lost his life).
> But this kind of grim stories mostly belong to the 19th century, when
> the Grand Duchy of Finland was a part of Russian Empire - and the
> contacts with the Russian military were more "intimate".
> 
> ***
> 
> Moreover, in his chronicle about northern peoples Adam of Bremen 
> refers to the Finns themselves as "cynocephali", a curious 
> mixture of dogs and men, the language of which resembles of 
> dogs' barking.
> 
> The initial question was: has somebody ever heard about
> "koirankuonolaiset" (est. koerakuonolased, lat. cynocephali).
> I can gladly respond: I confront them every day all around
> Helsinki, it's a "ruff!" place!
> 
> with best regards
> Tapani Hietaniemi, University of Helsinki
> 
> 
> 
>
From: mkoblas@sun422.nas.nasa.gov (Michelle R. Koblas)
Newsgroups: soc.culture.nordic
Subject: Accents/Dialect in Tromsoe
Date: 8 Sep 92 21:55:26 GMT
Reply-To: mkoblas@nas.nasa.gov
Followup-To: soc.culture.nordic
Organization: NAS, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA

Hello everyone!

What can anyone tell me about the accents in Tromsoe?  I've lived in 
Norway (Bergen) and have begun corresponding with some folks in Tromsoe
(currently in English and via e-mail), but I'm curious how well my 
Norwegian will stand up getting involved in actual conversations.  I know
that some areas (like Trondheim) have pretty strong accents/dialects.

What can folks tell me about Tromsoe? 

Thanks!

Michelle
Newsgroups: soc.culture.nordic,soc.history
From: ryyti@jyu.fi (Jarmo Ryyti)
Subject: Re: Christening & colonization of the north-east Europe.
Organization: University of Jyvaskyla, Finland
X-Newsreader: Tin 1.1 PL4
Date: Wed, 9 Sep 1992 05:44:44 GMT


: >
: >>Ahem, Lithuanians were themselves pagans upto fourteenth century.
: >>(They are often mentioned to be the last nation in Europe to be christened,
: >>defending succesfully against the Teutonic Knights.) My encyclopedia
: >>says that in year 1386 grand duke Jagello married Polish princess
: >>Hedvig, and made his country christian.

To mention that the lithuanians were the last nation christened in Europe
is not true. May be it is true if we speak of the states. Had
the lithuanians a state after 13th century?
The last heathens of Europe were the Lapps, the Saamis, people living
in the Northern Finland/Norway/Sweden/Russia. It is said that they still
worshipped their old Gods  in the 19 th century quite in a large scale.
They were the last along the information I have used to have which were
able to resist christening in Europe.


: >whole of his people, converted to Christianity. Poland and Lithuania were
: >joined under a personal union (as the Polish king Jagiello took the name
: >Wladislaus II and left the granddukedom of Lithuania to his brother Vitautas
: >(Witold)). 

See the message written abouve.

Jarmo Ryyti

: 
: /Henric Weyde, henwe@sssab.se, 
:  Scandinavian System Support AB, Box 535, S-581 06 Linkoeping, Sweden
:   
Newsgroups: soc.culture.nordic
From: t88swa@tdb.uu.se (Sven Wallman)
Subject: Re: Interest rates
Organization: Dept. of Scientific Computing, Uppsala Univ.
Date: Fri, 11 Sep 1992 17:57:45 GMT

zaphod@diku.dk (Ole D. M. Lennert) writes:
: The swedes then decided to raise the interest rates from 16 to 25%
: overnight, so foreign investors wouldn't be interested in buying
: swedish Kronor (SKr). But to be absolutely certain, the swedish
: national bank then decided to raise the interest rate to 75%!

Ehh? That doesn't make sense to me. The whole purpose of raising the
interest rate is to make investors buy Swedish crowns, to make money flow into
Sweden.
--
Sven Wallman, S:t Larsg. 5, 753 11 Uppsala, Sweden, +46 1812 9237
"I think, therefore I'm right."-Hugo Rune
"who's more important to you?
me or your stupid boyfriend?"-lpm@fert2.fe.psu.edu in an email addressed to my
girlfriend
Newsgroups: soc.culture.nordic
From: steinarb@idt.unit.no (Steinar Bang)
Subject: Re: Emailing Ice Land
Organization: Norwegian Institute of Technology, Trondheim, Norway
	<1992Sep4.180627.12755@lth.se> <1992Sep4.193026.1283@news.uit.no>
Date: 7 Sep 92 12:26:39

>>>>> sveini@mack.uit.no (Svein-Ivar Lillehaug) writes:

> Iceland has access to INTERNET (that is why Einar is able to post
> stuff that Kurt can read), while the US Air Force base (still at
> KEFLAVIK) probably is connected to some *other types of networks*.

Which Kurt probably knew... Read like a joke to me. Oh Well!

- Steinar
From: ulf@gbg.infolog.se (Ulf Sundin)
Newsgroups: soc.culture.nordic
Subject: Re: Steaks
Date: 8 Sep 92 12:31:22 GMT
Organization: Infologics AB

In article <RPETER.92Sep4141015@praseo.nmsu.edu>, rpeter@nmsu.edu (R. Peter Herman) writes:
> 
[...]

> Am I wrong in assuming that there is little beef (as opposed to veal)
> raised in Norden? 

This probably correct.

> The only cattle I can remember seeing driving
> around Sweden were clearly dairy cattle.  Also, beef was even more
> expensive than most other meat at the Livs, which would indicate to me
> the added cost of import.

No, this is definitively not correct. At least not in Sweden. 
Imported beef, e.g., from Australia, 
is cheaper than the domestically produced beef. 
Due to import regulations, imported beef is scarce and hard to find. 
So, the expensive beef you saw was probably swedish.

/Ulf Sundin
> 
Organization: Masters student, Industrial Administration, Carnegie Mellon, Pittsburgh, PA
Newsgroups: soc.culture.nordic
Date: Tue, 15 Sep 1992 17:50:26 -0400 
From: Mathis Soelverud <msbw+@andrew.cmu.edu>
Subject: devaluering

Er det noen som har noen mening om sannsynligheten for en norsk
devaluering i den naermeste tiden?

- Mathis -

Newsgroups: soc.culture.nordic
From: tom@bim.itc.univie.ac.at (Tom Kovar)
Subject: Re: A-ring (was: Norwegian Alphabet)
Organization: Inst.of Theor.Chemistry,Univ.of Vienna,Austria
X-Newsreader: Tin 1.1 PL3
Date: Tue, 8 Sep 1992 14:38:05 GMT

andersa@Riga.DoCS.UU.SE (Anders Andersson) writes:
: If you are really desperate for a word, maybe you should ask the Czech?
: The Czech alphabet contains a 'U' with a similar circle above, but I
: don't know how it's pronounced or how the Czech consider it different
: from a regular 'U'.  Also, I'm not sure whether all the same typographic
: rules applies to this ring independently of the alphabet at hand.

  Well, this is not really a topic for s.c.n (jeg venter for flames), but:
In Czech, this circle over an u is called "circle" ("krou\{v}zek") - surely
quite unexpected :-) It's meaning is just the prolongation of the "u", which
is, if written without diacritical sign, pronounced short. It is here a nice
specificum - on other vowels, the prolongation is always expressed using
a sign typographically identical to the french accent aigu; on u, accent aigu
is used only at the beginning of a word; in the middle or at the end of a
word, circle is used, for historical reasons - in old Czech a diphtong
"uo" would stand in it's place.

  Well, but shortly said: you wanted to ask a Czech, how they call the circle.
The Czech responds: we call it "circle" :-)

								Tom
Newsgroups: soc.culture.nordic
From: andersa@Riga.DoCS.UU.SE (Anders Andersson)
Subject: Re: Norwegian Alphabet
Organization: Uppsala University, Sweden
Date: Tue, 8 Sep 1992 16:05:11 GMT

In article <HAAVARDF.92Sep8012952@gluon.uio.no>, haavardf@gluon.uio.no (Haavard Fosseng) writes:
> Thus, the status of the ring is not like that of an accent, but (more)
> like that of the dot in such characters as `i' and `j'. 

I agree that this seems like a very good description of the nature of
the letter.  Nobody would consider an otherwise unaccented lowercase
'i' without the dot a valid letter, except for the Turks.  As for
uppercase, I have sometimes seen the dot used there too, particularly
in older headline style (I know of an inscription on a building, made
before 1907, next to my workplace).

In any case, this dot has no phonetic meaning in 'i' or 'j', just as
the ring doesn't carry any phonetic meaning by itself in 'a-ring'
(I think you need at least two uses to make a rule out of it).

The Turkish alphabet is different here (and more consistent, in my
opinion), as it has two different vowels 'i'; one with dot and the
other without (both letters of course appear in upper- and lowercase).
I'm afraid even ISO 10646 fails to support them properly...
--
Anders Andersson, Dept. of Computer Systems, Uppsala University
Paper Mail: Box 325, S-751 05 UPPSALA, Sweden
Phone: +46 18 183170   EMail: andersa@DoCS.UU.SE
Newsgroups: soc.culture.nordic
From: jittlov@gumby.cs.caltech.edu (Mike Jittlov)
Subject: Re: Accents/Dialect in Tromsoe
Organization: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena
Distribution: world 
Date: Wed, 9 Sep 1992 09:44:35 GMT

mkoblas@sun422.nas.nasa.gov (Michelle R. Koblas) writes:

>Hello everyone!

o/ Hi, Michelle!

>What can anyone tell me about the accents in Tromsoe?  I've lived in 
>Norway (Bergen) and have begun corresponding with some folks in Tromsoe

May I ask a question about the Bergen dialect?
While in Norway, last August, I visited Edvard Grieg's home in
Troldhaugen.  The girls managing the museum all spoke with a
very melodious, soft accent - but whenever they said "Ja", it
was spoken with a sharply inhaled breath.  I've never heard
inhaled (social) speech anywhere else.  Is this a local 
speech pattern?

>(currently in English and via e-mail), but I'm curious how well my 
>Norwegian will stand up getting involved in actual conversations.  I know
>that some areas (like Trondheim) have pretty strong accents/dialects.

You're kidding.  Every Scandinavian tongue sounded like music,
compared to some 'Merican twangs.  I remember shopping at the
open-air market, down by Bergen's Torget - and buying the finest
spiced-fish sandwich I'd ever tasted - when a loud New York
tourist began bargaining with a merchant, in a voice that 
sounded like a badly-tuned chainsaw.  Completely killed my
appetite.

-mjj

________________________________________ ___._`.*.'_._ ________
 Mike Jittlov - Wizard, etc       .   . +  * .o   o.* `.`. +.  
  Hollywood, CA 90026-2714       '   *  . ' ' |\^/|  `. * .  *
jittlov@gumby.cs.caltech.edu  (: May All Your  \V/  Good Dreams
  <& alt.fan.mike-jittlov>    and Fine Wishes  /_\  Come True:)
============================================= _/ \_ ===========

Newsgroups: soc.culture.nordic
From: petrus@stacken.kth.se (Lars Petrus)
Subject: Re: Norwegian Alphabet
Keywords: Norwegian Alphabet
Organization: Stacken Computer Club, Stockholm, Sweden
Date: Tue, 8 Sep 1992 09:08:04 GMT

 John@boole.uucp (John Ahlstrom) writes:
>
>P.S.  when we ask Swedish friends about the name in Norwegian (the real
>goal of the hunt) and about the name in Swedish, they get very angry.
>They assert that it has no name in Swedish; that it is not like a 
>tilde in Spanish that is separate and has a name, but is like the 
>the bottom bar you add to an F to make it an E, there is nothing you
>add to an F to make an E; there are just two characters that look quite
>similar, neither was derived from the other....
>
>Does it have a name in Swedish? If so, what?

   Everyone who have said that it really doesn't have a name is right.
Still, sometimes you need to talk about it, and then swedes will say "the
ring above }". This is of course illogical, it ought to be either "the ring
in }" or "the ring above a", but nevertheless that it how you refer to it.

   In swedish that would be "ringen |ver }", so I suggest you use that!
A swede seeing it would understand at once, whereas he would have very
little chance of guessing what an "Angstrom" is supposed to be. And for
non-swedes it wouldn't really matter what it is called, as long as looks
distinct and exotic.


  -  -  -  -
"The more I need,
 the more I can't get.
 That's the way the trap is set."
(Blue For Two)

Lars Petrus, Solna, Sweden  -  petrus@stacken.kth.se
Newsgroups: soc.culture.nordic
From: raustein@athena.mit.edu (Yngve Koehler Raustein)
Subject: Re: Accents/Dialect in Tromsoe
Organization: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Date: Wed, 9 Sep 1992 19:23:43 GMT

In article <jittlov.716031875@gumby.cs.caltech.edu>, jittlov@gumby.cs.caltech.edu (Mike Jittlov) writes:
 
|> May I ask a question about the Bergen dialect?
|> While in Norway, last August, I visited Edvard Grieg's home in
|> Troldhaugen.  The girls managing the museum all spoke with a
|> very melodious, soft accent - but whenever they said "Ja", it
|> was spoken with a sharply inhaled breath.  I've never heard
|> inhaled (social) speech anywhere else.  Is this a local 
|> speech pattern?

I don't know how local it is -- actually I've never thought about it before...

I'm born and raised in and around Bergen, and I do say ``ja'' while inhaling
if I'm replying to a question that requires only a quick ``ja'' without
further explanations (Like, ``Do fish live in the fjords?'' and ``Is Bergen 
a beautiful city?'':-)  However, when getting married, standing before the altar, 
people will use a more emphatic ``ja,'' and likewise if the question requires a
little more than ``ja.'' (Like, ``Is there a restroom on this floor?''  ``Ja.  
Straight down the corridor on your right.'')  This ``ja'' is pronounced 
while exhaling.

You can also say ``nei'' (=no) while inhaling, but it sounds more like
``neh.''  This is probably more common among kids.

I'm not an expert, but this is the best explanation of the usage of the
``inhaled `ja' '' that I can come up with.  

Better explanations, anyone?

Yngve

-- 
Yngve K. Raustein		| ``We use choicest juicy chunks of fresh 
362 Memorial Drive		| Cornish ram's bladder, emptied, steamed, 
Cambridge, MA 02139		| flavoured with sesame seeds whipped into a 
617-225-7343 			| fondue and garnished with lark's vomit.''