From: CNguyen.osbu_north@xerox.com
Subject: Re: [HISTORY/POL] To^? Quo^'c va\ To^n Gia'o
Originator: daemon@media-lab.media.mit.edu
Reply-To: Cuong_M._Nguyen.OSBU_North@xerox.com
Organization: SCV Relay
Date: Mon, 16 Nov 1992 21:16:11 GMT


	Why only in a short period (less than 100 years) there was such a
drastic change in the relationship between the French catholic priests, the
local authorities, and the people (catholics and non-catholics). At the
beginning, the relationship was very good (king Gia Long let priest Pigneau de
Behain took his son, the prince Ca?nh, went to French to get help from Louis
VI) It's gotten worse as time went by, especially by the time Tu*. DDu*'c
became King. Should we blame the Kings as the cause of all the trouble as So*n
Hu*ng Cao did below:

"...
Tho+`i ddo', vua nghe ni.nh tha^`n kho^ng ddi ho.c ky~ thua^.t va` ddoa`n ke^'t
dde^? xa^y  du+.ng nu+o+'c nha`;  chuye^n ddi nghe bo.n ni.nh tha^`n, bo.n
tho^'i mie^.ng, bo.n hu? la^.u, cu+.c ddoan,  ddi gie^'t da^n la`nh vo^ to^.i;
gie^'t tu+` ddu+'a tre? tho+ 2 tuo^?i to+'i cu. gia` sa('p li`a tra^`n.  Co'
khi gie^'t he^'t ca? la`ng, vi` to^.i theo dda.o Thie^n Chu'a.....Ta.o ma^`m
mo^'ng chia re~ va` ha^.n thu` la^~n nhau??????????
..."

I think we'd better take a closer look at this period. So many things had been
bent or rewritten purposely. Even Tu*. DDu*'c, a king who had been accused of
killing many "gia'o da^n", had produced such a letter as this one to the
Catholic people right after the accord of 1874 had been signed with the French:

[I translated from Cao Huy Thuan's thesis "Les missionnaires et la politique
colonial francaise au Viet Nam", published by Yale, pp. 223-224. This letter
from Tu*. DDu*'c had been archived in the French library: Archives Centrales de
l'Indochine, Amiraux 12774]

...
Va\ ca'c ngu*o*\i dda.o Gia To^, du\ ca'c ngu*o*\i theo dda.o cu?a mi\nh, ba?n
cha^'t ca'c ngu*o*\i la.i kho^ng gio^'ng ca'c ngu*o*\i kha'c hay sao? DDu*o*ng
nhie^n la\ gio^'ng. Ne^'u ca'c ngu*o*\i kho^ng giu*~ le^~ (rites) va\ kho^ng
trung tha\nh (fidelite') thi\ ca'c ngu*o*\i kho' co' the^? tro*? ne^n ngu*o*\i
ddu*o*.c. DDa.o vua to^i, dda.o cha con co\n ddo'. Ca'c nguo\i bo? cha me. ca'c
nguo\i, huo^'ng chi la\ bo? ta, nguo\i dda~ tha thu*' (tolerer) ca'c nguo\i,
da^.y do^~ (instruir) ca'c nguo\i, nuo^i na^'ng (nourir) ca'c nguo\i, coi ca'c
nguo\i nhu* mo.i tha^\n da^n kha'c trong cu\ng mo^.t ta^'m lo\ng nha^n dda.o.
Tim ca'c nguo\i nhu* the^' na\o ma\ ca'c nguo\i dda~ la\m nhu* va^.y? (De quel
coeur abadonnierez-vous vos pe`re et me`re,...).

Mo*'i dda^y ca'c nguo\i ddu*o*.c phe'p ddi thi dde^? la\m vie^.c theo kha?
na<ng, va\ ta cu~ng he^'t lo\ng thu*o*ng ca'c nguo\i. Ca'c nguo\i co' tha^'y
chuye^.n ddo' cha<ng? Va^.y ma\ ca'c nguo\i co\n da'm xa^m pha.m dde^'n nghi
le^~ (Rites). Va^.y thi\ chuye^.n  thi cu*? va\ vie^.c nu*o*'c co\n la\ the^?
tho^'ng gi\ nu*~a? Ha' kho^ng pha?i tu*. chi'nh ca'c nguo\i ddu*'ng ra be^n
ngoa\i? Ai chi.u tra'ch nhie^.m ve^\ vie^.c na\y? Ca'c nguo\i luo^n luo^n ke^u
ga\o, va\ ca'c nguo\i kie^u ca<ng, nga.o ma.n (vous etes orgueilleux et
hautains au point que les rebelles...) dde^'n ddo^. nhu*~ng ke? pha?n loa.n
(rebelles) la^'y co*' ddo' dde^? ddo^'t la\ng ca'c nguo\i, va\ ca'c nguo\i
buo^.c ta pha?i lo ti\m ca'c phu*o*ng tie^.n to^'i dda dde^? cu*'u vo*'t ca'c
nguo\i (et que vous me forcez a\ m'inquie'ter, a\ l'extreme, des moyens de vous
sauver.).
...
Ba<\ng ba\i vie^'t da\i na\y, ca'c nguo\i ha~y bie^'t ra<\ng du\ co' vie^.c gi\
xa?y dde^'n, cac nguo\i cu~ng chi? la\ nguo\i cu?a da^n to^.c (vous n'etes que
des gens du peuple). La\m sao ma\ nguo\i ta se~ ba?o ve^. ddu*o*.c ta^'t ca?
ca'c nguo\i, giu'p ddo*~ ddu*o*.c ta^'t ca? ca'c nguo\i? (Comment pourrait-on
prote'ger tous, vous venir en aide a\ tous?) Ta kho^ng muo^'n ma^'t mo^.t
tha^\n da^n na\o. Vi\ the^' ma\ ta dda~ da.y do^~ kho^ng pha^n bie^.t nguo\i
na\o. Ne^'u ca'c nguo\i kho^ng su*?a ddo^?i thi\ Kha^m su*' Ta^y (Le Charge'
d'Affaires de France) se~ kho^ng bu*.c bo^.i vi\ ca'c nguo\i sao? Ke? na\o
kho^ng trung tha\nh va\ kho^ng hy sinh cho dda^'t nu*o*'c mi\nh, thi\ kho^ng
dda^u nguo\i ta du\ng ho. (Lorsque quelqu'un manque de fide'lite' et de
devouement a\ son propre pays, on ne l'emploie nulle partailleurs, de mem
qu'une fille qui a perdu sa chastete' est abandonnee', et devient l'object du
mepris general.)



/cuong
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