From: dave@kanga.lcs.mit.edu (David Sternlicht)
Newsgroups: comp.windows.interviews
Subject: A Tale of 2 Toolkits: part 3 of 6
Date: 12 Nov 92 05:22:08 GMT
Article-I.D.: mintaka.1992Nov12.052208.6252
Organization: mit X consortium

-- 
000003F0000001F0000000F0000000F8000000F880000078800000788000007880000078C00000
78C0000070C00000F0E00000F0F00000E0F80001C0EC0003C0E7000780C3E01E00C0FFFC00800F
F0001D317CB025>83 D<7FFFFFFFFFE07FFFFFFFFFE07E000F8007E078000F8001E070000F8000
E060000F80006040000F80002040000F800020C0000F800030C0000F80003080000F8000108000
0F80001080000F80001080000F80001080000F80001080000F80001000000F80000000000F8000
0000000F80000000000F80000000000F80000000000F80000000000F80000000000F8000000000
0F80000000000F80000000000F80000000000F80000000000F80000000000F80000000000F8000
0000000F80000000000F80000000000F80000000000F80000000000F80000000000F8000000000
0F80000000000F80000000000F80000000000F80000000000F80000000000F80000000000F8000
0000000F80000000000F80000000001FC00000000FFFFF8000000FFFFF80002C317EB030>I<FF
FF8007FFC0FFFF8007FFC007F000007C0003E00000380003E00000100003E00000100003E00000
100003E00000100003E00000100003E00000100003E00000100003E00000100003E00000100003
E00000100003E00000100003E00000100003E00000100003E00000100003E00000100003E00000
100003E00000100003E00000100003E00000100003E00000100003E00000100003E00000100003
E00000100003E00000100003E00000100003E00000100003E00000100003E00000100003E00000
100003E00000100003E00000100003E00000100003E00000100001E00000200001F00000200000
F00000200000F00000400000780000C000007800008000003C00010000001E00020000000F000C
00000003E03800000001FFF0000000003F8000002A317CB032>I<00FE00000303C0000C00E000
10007000100038003C003C003E001C003E001E003E001E0008001E0000001E0000001E0000001E
00000FFE0000FC1E0003E01E000F801E001F001E003E001E003C001E007C001E00F8001E04F800
1E04F8001E04F8003E04F8003E0478003E047C005E043E008F080F0307F003FC03E01E1F7D9E21
>97 D<018000003F800000FF800000FF8000000F80000007800000078000000780000007800000
078000000780000007800000078000000780000007800000078000000780000007800000078000
000781FC0007860700078801C0079000E007A0007007C00078078000380780003C0780003C0780
001E0780001E0780001F0780001F0780001F0780001F0780001F0780001F0780001F0780001F07
80001F0780001E0780003E0780003C0780003C0780007807C00070072000F0072001E006180380
06060F000401F80020327EB125>I<003F8000E0600380180700040F00041E001E1C003E3C003E
7C003E7C0008780000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000780000
7C00007C00003C00011E00011E00020F000207000403801800E060003F80181F7D9E1D>I<0000
006000000FE000003FE000003FE0000003E0000001E0000001E0000001E0000001E0000001E000
0001E0000001E0000001E0000001E0000001E0000001E0000001E0000001E0000001E0001F81E0
00F061E001C019E0078005E00F0003E00E0003E01E0001E03C0001E03C0001E07C0001E0780001
E0F80001E0F80001E0F80001E0F80001E0F80001E0F80001E0F80001E0F80001E0F80001E07800
01E0780001E03C0001E03C0001E01C0001E01E0003E00E0005E0070009E0038011F000E061FF00
3F81FF20327DB125>I<003F800000E0E0000380380007003C000E001E001E001E001C000F003C
000F007C000F0078000F8078000780F8000780F8000780FFFFFF80F8000000F8000000F8000000
F8000000F8000000F8000000780000007C0000003C0000003C0000801E0000800E0001000F0002
000780020001C00C0000F03000001FC000191F7E9E1D>I<0007E0001C1000383800707C00E07C
01E07C01C03803C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C000
03C000FFFFC0FFFFC003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C000
03C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C000
03C00003C00003C00007E0007FFF007FFF0016327FB114>I<007F00F801C1C71C0380E81C0700
70080F0078001E003C001E003C003E003E003E003E003E003E003E003E003E003E003E003E001E
003C001E003C000F007800070070000780E00009C1C000087F0000180000001800000018000000
18000000180000001C0000000E0000000FFFF80007FFFF0003FFFF800E000FC0180001E0300000
F070000070E0000038E0000038E0000038E0000038E00000387000007070000070380000E01C00
01C00700070001C01C00003FE0001E2E7E9E21>I<01800000003F80000000FF80000000FF8000
00000F800000000780000000078000000007800000000780000000078000000007800000000780
000000078000000007800000000780000000078000000007800000000780000000078000000007
80FE00000783078000078C03C000079001E00007A001E00007A000F00007C000F00007C000F000
078000F000078000F000078000F000078000F000078000F000078000F000078000F000078000F0
00078000F000078000F000078000F000078000F000078000F000078000F000078000F000078000
F000078000F000078000F000078000F000078000F0000FC001F800FFFC1FFF80FFFC1FFF802132
7EB125>I<07000F801F801F800F80070000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
01801F80FF80FF800F800780078007800780078007800780078007800780078007800780078007
80078007800780078007800780078007800FC0FFF8FFF80D307EAF12>I<001E003F003F003F00
3F001E000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000003007F01FF01FF001F000F000F
000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F00
0F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F200EF80EF81EF81C703860701FC0103E
83AF14>I<018000003F800000FF800000FF8000000F8000000780000007800000078000000780
000007800000078000000780000007800000078000000780000007800000078000000780000007
80000007801FFC07801FFC078007E0078007800780060007800400078008000780100007806000
07808000078100000783800007878000078FC0000793C00007A1E00007C1F0000780F000078078
0007807C0007803C0007803E0007801F0007800F0007800F80078007C0078003C0078003E00FC0
07F8FFFC0FFFFFFC0FFF20327EB123>I<01803F80FF80FF800F80078007800780078007800780
078007800780078007800780078007800780078007800780078007800780078007800780078007
8007800780078007800780078007800780078007800780078007800780078007800FC0FFFCFFFC
0E327EB112>I<0180FE00003F83078000FF8C03C000FF9001E0000FA001E00007A000F00007C0
00F00007C000F000078000F000078000F000078000F000078000F000078000F000078000F00007
8000F000078000F000078000F000078000F000078000F000078000F000078000F000078000F000
078000F000078000F000078000F000078000F000078000F000078000F0000FC001F800FFFC1FFF
80FFFC1FFF80211F7E9E25>110 D<001FC00000F0780001C01C00070007000F0007801E0003C0
1C0001C03C0001E03C0001E0780000F0780000F0780000F0F80000F8F80000F8F80000F8F80000
F8F80000F8F80000F8F80000F8F80000F8780000F07C0001F03C0001E03C0001E01E0003C01E00
03C00F00078007800F0001C01C0000F07800001FC0001D1F7E9E21>I<0181FC003F860700FF88
03C0FF9001E00FA000F007C00078078000780780003C0780003C0780003E0780001E0780001F07
80001F0780001F0780001F0780001F0780001F0780001F0780001F0780001F0780003E0780003E
0780003C0780007C0780007807C000F007A000F007A001E00798038007860F000781F800078000
000780000007800000078000000780000007800000078000000780000007800000078000000780
00000FC00000FFFC0000FFFC0000202D7E9E25>I<0183E03F8C18FF907CFF907C0FA07C07C038
07C00007C00007C000078000078000078000078000078000078000078000078000078000078000
0780000780000780000780000780000780000780000780000780000FC000FFFE00FFFE00161F7E
9E19>114 D<01FC100E03301800F0300070600030E00030E00010E00010E00010F00010F80000
7E00003FF0001FFF000FFFC003FFE0003FF00001F80000F880003C80003C80001CC0001CC0001C
E0001CE00018F00038F00030EC0060C301C080FE00161F7E9E1A>I<0040000040000040000040
0000400000C00000C00000C00001C00001C00003C00007C0000FC0001FFFE0FFFFE003C00003C0
0003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C0
0003C00003C01003C01003C01003C01003C01003C01003C01003C01001C02001E02000E0400078
C0001F00142C7FAB19>I<FFF801FF80FFF801FF800FC0007C00078000380007C000300003C000
200003C000200001E000400001E000400001F000400000F000800000F000800000780100000078
010000007C010000003C020000003C020000001E040000001E040000001F040000000F08000000
0F080000000790000000079000000007D000000003E000000003E000000001C000000001C00000
0001C000000000800000211F7F9E23>118 D<FFF07FF80FFCFFF07FF80FFC0FC007C003F00F80
03C001C0078003C00080078003C0008003C003E0010003C003E0010003C007E0010001E004F002
0001E004F0020001E00870020000F00878040000F00878040000F0103804000078103C08000078
103C08000078201C0800003C201E1000003C201E1000003C400E1000001E400F2000001E400F20
00001E80072000000F8007C000000F8007C000000F0003C0000007000380000007000380000006
000180000002000100002E1F7F9E30>I<FFF801FF80FFF801FF800FC0007C00078000380007C0
00300003C000200003C000200001E000400001E000400001F000400000F000800000F000800000
780100000078010000007C010000003C020000003C020000001E040000001E040000001F040000
000F080000000F080000000790000000079000000007D000000003E000000003E000000001C000
000001C000000001C0000000008000000000800000000100000000010000000001000000000200
0000000200000000040000007004000000F80C000000F808000000F81000000070300000003040
0000001F80000000212D7F9E23>121 D E end
%%EndProlog
%%BeginSetup
%%Feature: *Resolution 300dpi
TeXDict begin

%%EndSetup
%%Page: 1 1
0 bop 631 489 a Fm(A)22 b(T)-6 b(ale)21 b(of)h(Tw)n(o)f(T)-6
b(o)r(olkits:)76 581 y(Dev)n(eloping)21 b(an)g(Application)f(Using)h(First)h
(and)f(Second)g(Generation)351 672 y(Ob)t(ject)h(Orien)n(ted)f(User)h(In)n
(terface)h(T)-6 b(ec)n(hnology)g(.)523 798 y Fl(Imran)15 b(Bashir)373
856 y(Departmen)o(t)f(of)j(Electrical)d(&)423 915 y(Computer)h(Engineering)
294 973 y(111)i(Link)f(Hall,)f(Syracuse)h(Univ)o(ersit)o(y)451
1031 y(Syracuse,)f(NY)h(13244)1206 798 y(Da)o(vid)g(M)g(Sternlic)o(h)o(t)1203
856 y(MIT)g(X)g(Consortium)1166 915 y(545)h(T)l(ec)o(hnology)f(Square)1171
973 y(Cam)o(bridge,)e(MA)i(02139)766 1132 y(Septem)o(b)q(er)f(28,)h(1992)884
1500 y Fk(Abstract)251 1576 y Fj(This)f(pap)q(er)g(tak)o(es)g(an)g(ob)r
(jectiv)o(e)g(lo)q(ok)f(at)g(dev)o(eloping)g(an)h(application)e(using)i(the)g
(In)o(trinsic)189 1626 y(based)j(A)o(thena)g(widgets,)g(and)f(the)h(C++)g
(based)h(In)o(terViews)f(to)q(olkit.)28 b(The)18 b(test)h(application)189
1675 y(c)o(hosen)d(is)f(a)g(color)g(editor)h(that)f(in)o(terprets)i(and)e
(sets)i(stim)o(uli)c(v)n(alues)i(using)g(the)h(X)f(color)g(man-)189
1725 y(agemen)o(t)10 b(system)i(\(Xcms\).)17 b(A)12 b(view)g(data)f(paradigm)
f(w)o(as)h(c)o(hosen)i(to)f(organize)f(the)i(relationship)189
1775 y(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)i(the)f(color)g(displa)o(y)o(ed,)f(and)h(its)f
(represen)o(tation)j(in)d(the)i(v)n(arious)e(color)h(spaces.)189
1919 y Fk(Electronic)f(Address:)22 b Fj(ibashir@cat.syr.edu)14
b(&)g(da)o(v)o(e@exp)q(o.lcs.mit.edu)964 2577 y Fi(1)p eop
%%Page: 1 2
1 bop 189 307 a Fh(1)69 b(In)n(tro)r(duction)189 398 y Fj(While)13
b(they)h(are)h(orthogonal)e(mec)o(hanisms,)e(the)k(use)g(of)e(color)h(and)g
(the)g(use)h(of)e(gui)h(to)q(olkits)f(are)189 448 y(imp)q(ortan)o(t)g(to)q
(ols)h(through)h(whic)o(h)g(mo)q(dern)g(programmers)e(design)i(their)g
(applications.)20 b(Xcms,)189 498 y(distributed)15 b(with)f(release)i(5)f(of)
f(X11,)g(has)h(pro)o(vided)f(programmers)f(with)h(a)h(more)e(generic)j(w)o(a)
o(y)189 548 y(of)11 b(sp)q(ecifying)g(colors)h(and)g(guaran)o(t)o(ying)e
(their)j(consistency)g(across)g(di\013eren)o(t)f(displa)o(y)f(terminals.)251
597 y(In)o(terViews,)23 b(so)q(on)e(to)f(b)q(e)h(called)f(F)m(resco,)j(has)e
(pro)o(vided)f(a)h(new,)h(and)e(p)q(erhaps)i(a)e(more)189 647
y(p)q(o)o(w)o(erful)13 b(and)h(\015exible,)f(means)g(of)h(designing)f(and)h
(implem)o(en)o(ting)d(a)j(user)h(in)o(terface.)251 697 y(W)m(e)20
b(ha)o(v)o(e)h(blended)g(these)h(t)o(w)o(o)e(imp)q(ortan)o(t)f(systems)i(to)g
(create)h(a)e(to)q(ol)g(called,)i(ICE,)f(an)189 747 y(In)o(terViews-based)13
b(Color)f(Editor.)17 b(ICE)12 b(represen)o(ts)j(the)d(eigh)o(t)g(Xcms)g
(color)f(spaces.)19 b(Eac)o(h)13 b(color)189 797 y(space)h(is)e(represen)o
(ted)k(b)o(y)d(a)g(set)g(of)g(scroll)f(bars,)i(one)f(p)q(er)g(dimension)f(of)
g(the)i(color)e(space.)19 b(These)189 846 y(dimensions)10 b(are)i
(individually)e(c)o(hangeable.)17 b(The)12 b(e\013ect)i(of)d(a)h(c)o(hange)g
(in)f(a)h(dimension)e(of)h(a)h(color)189 896 y(space)j(is)f(re\015ected)i(in)
e(the)h(dimensions)e(of)g(the)i(other)g(color)f(spaces.)20
b(Eac)o(h)15 b(color)e(space)j(is)e(itself)189 946 y(selectable)19
b(in)e(that)h(it)f(up)q(dates)i(its)f(v)n(alues)g(with)f(a)h(c)o(hange)g(in)f
(a)h(v)n(alue)f(in)g(some)g(other)i(color)189 996 y(space.)g(There)c(is)f
(also)g(a)f(color-viewing)g(area)h(that)g(displa)o(ys)g(the)h(color)e(for)h
(the)h(giv)o(en)e(v)n(alues)h(of)189 1046 y(R)o(GB)h(on)h(a)f(displa)o(y)m(.)
23 b(A)o(t)17 b(an)o(y)e(p)q(oin)o(t)h(in)f(time,)g(the)i(v)n(alues)e(of)h
(all)e(color)i(spaces)i(are)e(equiv)n(alen)o(t)189 1095 y(and)d(corresp)q
(ond)j(to)e(the)g(color)g(that)g(is)f(displa)o(y)o(ed)h(on)f(the)i(screen.)
189 1211 y Fg(1.1)55 b(Goals)189 1288 y Fj(The)14 b(main)d(goal)i(of)g(this)g
(pro)r(ject)i(w)o(as)f(to)f(build)g(an)g(application)g(using)g(the)h(In)o
(terViews)h(to)q(olkit.)189 1338 y(This)i(w)o(ould)f(help)h(determine)g(the)h
(lev)o(erage)f(In)o(terViews)h(can)g(pro)o(vide)f(in)f(building)g(an)h
(appli-)189 1387 y(cation.)31 b(The)19 b(application)e(that)i(w)o(e)f(c)o
(hose)i(is)e(a)g(m)o(ulti-space)g(color)g(editor.)32 b(The)19
b(t)o(w)o(o)f(other)189 1437 y(in)o(tended)c(b)q(ene\014ts)i(of)d(this)h(w)o
(ork)g(are:)234 1505 y(1.)22 b(A)14 b(color)f(editor)h(that)g(represen)o(ts)j
(all)12 b(the)j(eigh)o(t)f(color)f(spaces.)234 1571 y(2.)22
b(A)14 b(comparison)e(of)h(In)o(terViews)i(to)q(olkit)e(with)h(X)g(A)o(thena)
g(Widgets.)189 1686 y Fg(1.2)55 b(Constrain)n(ts)189 1763 y
Fj(The)16 b(follo)o(wing)e(requiremen)o(ts)i(and)g(constrain)o(ts)h(w)o(ere)g
(placed)f(on)g(the)g(design)h(in)e(order)i(to)f(en-)189 1813
y(hance)e(the)h(to)q(ol's)e(usabilit)o(y)m(.)234 1892 y(1.)22
b(The)16 b(to)q(ol)f(should)g(represen)o(t)j(all)d(the)h(eigh)o(t)f(Xcms)g
(color)h(spaces,)h(namely)m(,)c(R)o(GB,)i(R)o(GBi,)289 1942
y(CIEXYZ,)f(CIExyY,)f(CIEu'v'Y,)g(CIEL*u*v*,)g(CIELab,)g(T)m(ekHV)o(C.)234
2007 y(2.)22 b(The)10 b(v)n(alue)g(of)f(an)o(y)h(dimension)f(in)g(eac)o(h)i
(of)f(the)h(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e)f(color)f(spaces)j(should)e(b)q(e)h(individually)
289 2057 y(c)o(hangeable.)234 2123 y(3.)22 b(A)10 b(c)o(hange)h(in)f(one)h
(dimension)e(of)h(a)g(color)h(space)g(should)g(b)q(e)g(re\015ected)i(in)d
(all)f(the)i(other)h(color)289 2172 y(spaces.)27 b(Th)o(us)17
b(a)f(c)o(hange)h(in)f(the)h(v)n(alue)f(of)g(H)h(in)f(T)m(ekHV)o(C)g(color)h
(space)g(should)g(up)q(date)289 2222 y(the)d(v)n(alues)g(of)f(all)g(the)h
(dimensions)f(in)g(the)i(other)f(color)g(spaces.)234 2287 y(4.)22
b(There)17 b(should)f(b)q(e)g(a)g(color)g(viewing)f(area)h(that)g(represen)o
(ts)j(the)e(color)f(on)f(that)i(CR)m(T)e(for)289 2337 y(the)f(curren)o(t)h(v)
n(alues)f(of)f(all)g(color)h(spaces.)234 2403 y(5.)22 b(A)12
b(user)h(should)g(b)q(e)g(able)f(to)g(enable\(disable\))g(an)o(y)g(color)g
(space)i(that)e(she)h(is)f(in)o(terested\(not)289 2452 y(in)o(terested\))j
(in.)964 2577 y Fi(1)p eop
%%Page: 2 3
2 bop 234 307 a Fj(6.)22 b(The)14 b(design)f(of)g(the)h(to)q(ol)f(should)g(b)
q(e)h(suc)o(h)h(that)e(it)g(is)h(easy)f(to)h(add)f(a)g(new)h(color)f(space.)
19 b(In)289 357 y(other)14 b(w)o(ords,)g(the)g(design)g(should)g(b)q(e)h
(enhanceable.)251 438 y(This)i(pap)q(er)g(is)g(organized)g(as)f(follo)o(ws.)
25 b(In)17 b(the)h(next)f(section,)h(w)o(e)f(giv)o(e)f(a)g(brief)h(history)g
(of)189 488 y(color)12 b(con)o(trol)h(on)f(computer)h(displa)o(ys.)k(A)c
(brief)f(description)i(of)e(eac)o(h)h(of)f(the)i(eigh)o(t)e(color)h(spaces)
189 538 y(is)e(also)h(giv)o(en.)17 b(After)12 b(that)g(the)h(design)f(of)f
(the)h(ColorEditor)g(to)q(ol)f(using)g(In)o(terViews,)j(called)d(ICE)189
587 y(hereafter,)17 b(is)e(explained)g(in)h(detail.)22 b(A)16
b(second)g(design)g(using)f(A)o(thena)h(Widgets)g(is)f(also)g(giv)o(en.)189
637 y(The)e(problems)e(encoun)o(tered)k(during)d(the)h(design)g(of)f(this)g
(to)q(ol,)g(esp)q(ecially)h(in)f(using)g(In)o(terViews)189
687 y(and)k(libX11)f(are)i(detailed)f(in)g(the)i(follo)o(wing)13
b(section.)27 b(This)16 b(is)h(follo)o(w)o(ed)d(b)o(y)j(a)f(comparison)f(of)
189 737 y(designs)g(using)f(In)o(terViews)i(and)e(A)o(thena)h(Widgets.)20
b(The)15 b(pap)q(er)g(concludes)g(with)g(a)f(discussion)189
787 y(of)20 b(what)h(w)o(e)g(ha)o(v)o(e)f(learned)h(from)f(the)h(design)g(of)
f(this)h(to)q(ol.)38 b(Some)20 b(recommendations)f(for)189
836 y(In)o(terViews)c(are)f(also)f(giv)o(en.)189 1049 y Fh(2)69
b(Bac)n(kground)189 1140 y Fj(In)13 b(the)g(early)g(da)o(ys)g(of)g(computer)f
(graphics,)h(there)i(w)o(ere)f(only)e(mono)q(c)o(hrome)f(displa)o(ys)h(and)h
(eac)o(h)189 1189 y(pixel)h(on)h(the)h(displa)o(y)e(could)h(b)q(e)g(con)o
(trolled)g(b)o(y)g(turning)g(it)f(on)h(or)g(o\013.)22 b(An)15
b(impro)o(v)o(emen)o(t)d(o)o(v)o(er)189 1239 y(these)k(displa)o(ys)d(w)o(ere)
j(the)f(gra)o(y)f(lev)o(el)g(displa)o(ys.)19 b(In)c(these)h(displa)o(y)d
(units,)i(a)f(user)h(could)g(sp)q(ecify)189 1289 y(sev)o(eral)d(lev)o(els)f
(of)g(in)o(tensit)o(y)g(for)g(a)g(single)g(pixel.)17 b(The)11
b(biggest)h(problem)e(with)h(these)i(displa)o(ys)d(w)o(as)189
1339 y(the)17 b(non-linear)g(relationship)g(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)h(the)g(D)o(A)o
(C\(Digital-to-Analog)c(Con)o(v)o(erter\))k(gun)f(v)n(alue)189
1389 y(and)12 b(the)h(amoun)o(t)e(of)h(ligh)o(t)f(emitted)h(from)f(the)i
(screen.)20 b(A)12 b(m)o(yriad)f(of)h(correction)h(algorithms,)d(to)189
1439 y(mak)o(e)i(this)i(relationship)f(linear,)g(w)o(ere)i(suggested)g(in)f
(the)g(subsequen)o(t)i(y)o(ears)e([4].)251 1488 y(The)j(adv)o(en)o(t)g(of)f
(color)g(displa)o(ys)g(pro)o(vided)g(a)h(ma)r(jor)d(break-through)j(in)f
(graphics)h(tec)o(hnol-)189 1538 y(ogy)m(.)25 b(The)17 b(early)f(color)g
(displa)o(ys)g(used)i(the)f(same)f(mo)q(del)f(for)h(displa)o(ys)g(as)h(their)
g(mono)q(c)o(hrome)189 1588 y(coun)o(terparts.)33 b(A)19 b(color)f(displa)o
(y)g(had)g(three)i(electron)f(guns\(Red,)h(Green,)g(and)e(Blue\).)33
b(The)189 1638 y(color)17 b(of)f(eac)o(h)i(pixel)f(w)o(as)g(con)o(trolled)g
(b)o(y)g(turning)h(eac)o(h)f(of)g(the)h(three)h(guns)e(on)g(or)h(o\013.)28
b(Th)o(us)189 1688 y(a)15 b(user)i(could)f(sp)q(ecify)h(eigh)o(t)e
(di\013eren)o(t)i(colors)f(using)g(these)i(three)f(electron)g(guns.)24
b(The)17 b(mo)q(del)189 1737 y(that)f(describ)q(es)i(this)f(color)f(space)h
(is)f(kno)o(wn)g(as)g(the)h(R)o(GB)e(mo)q(del)g(and)h(is)g(still)g(in)f
(widespread)189 1787 y(use.)22 b(The)16 b(R)o(GB)e(mo)q(del)g(uses)i(a)f
(Cartesian)h(co)q(ordinate)f(system)g(that)g(describ)q(es)j(a)c(color)h
(space)189 1837 y(within)f(the)i(con\014nes)h(of)d(a)h(cub)q(e.)24
b(The)16 b(com)o(bination)c(of)j(all)f(the)i(three)h(colors)e(pro)q(duces)i
(white)189 1887 y(and)12 b(absence)j(of)d(all)g(the)h(three)i(pro)q(duces)f
(a)f(blac)o(k)f(color.)17 b(An)d(enhancemen)o(t)f(of)f(this)h(mo)q(del)e(w)o
(as)189 1937 y(to)j(use)i(di\013eren)o(t)g(lev)o(els)e(of)g(in)o(tensities)i
(for)e(eac)o(h)h(primary)e(color.)21 b(Th)o(us,)14 b(for)h(example,)e(a)i
(0-255)189 1986 y(R)o(GB)c(system)h(can)g(pro)q(duce)i(o)o(v)o(er)e(16)g
(milli)o(on)d(unique)j(com)o(binations)e(of)i(R)o(GB)g(in)o(tensities.)17
b(This)189 2036 y(mo)q(del)11 b(again)h(had)h(the)h(same)f(problem)f(of)g(a)h
(nonlinear)g(relationship)g(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)h(D)o(A)o(C)f(gun)g(v)n(alue)189
2086 y(and)f(the)h(emitted)e(ligh)o(t)h(from)e(the)j(screen.)20
b(Therefore)13 b(it)f(is)h(hard)f(for)g(a)g(user)i(to)e(en)o(vision)g(a)g
(color)189 2136 y(b)o(y)h(selecting)h(a)f(triplet)g(of)g(v)n(alues.)18
b(F)m(or)13 b(some)f(v)n(alues)h(of)g(R)o(GB,)f(a)h(small)e(c)o(hange)j(ma)o
(y)d(not)j(e\013ect)189 2186 y(the)f(color)g(apparen)o(tly)g(while)g(the)h
(same)e(amoun)o(t)g(of)g(c)o(hange)i(ma)o(y)d(e\013ect)k(the)f(color)f
(appreciably)189 2236 y(for)g(some)g(other)i(v)n(alues)e(of)h(R)o(GB.)251
2285 y(R)o(GB)i(v)n(alues)g(are)h(device)g(dep)q(enden)o(t;)i(meaning)14
b(that)j(for)f(the)h(same)e(v)n(alues)i(of)e(R)o(GB,)h(the)189
2335 y(color)c(pro)q(duced)i(b)o(y)e(one)h(displa)o(y)f(ma)o(y)f(v)o(ery)i(w)
o(ell)e(b)q(e)j(di\013eren)o(t)f(from)e(another)i(displa)o(y)f([3)o(].)17
b(This)189 2385 y(p)q(oses)c(a)f(great)h(h)o(urdle)f(for)g(soft)o(w)o(are)h
(v)o(endors)g(as)f(a)g(com)o(bination)e(of)i(colors)g(on)g(one)h(displa)o(y)e
(ma)o(y)189 2435 y(lo)q(ok)g(great)h(while)g(the)h(same)e(color)h(sp)q
(eci\014cations)h(ma)o(y)d(pro)q(duce)k(an)d(ugly)h(e\013ect)i(on)d(some)h
(other)964 2577 y Fi(2)p eop
%%Page: 3 4
3 bop 75 1241 a @beginspecial 600 @hoffset 50 @voffset 80 @hscale
80 @vscale 90 @angle @setspecial
%%BeginDocument: cie.fig.ps
%!
%%Title: cie.fig
%%Creator: f2ps
%%CreationDate: Mon Sep 28 12:44:57 1992
%%For: dave@kanga.lcs.mit.edu (David Sternlicht)
%%Pages: 1
%%BoundingBox: -665 -458 -300 -103
%%EndComments
/$F2psDict 32 dict def $F2psDict begin $F2psDict /mtrx matrix put
 /DrawEllipse { /endangle exch def /startangle exch def /yrad exch def /xrad exch def /y exch def /x exch def /savematrix mtrx currentmatrix def x y translate xrad yrad scale 0 0 1 startangle endangle arc savematrix setmatrix } def
 end /$F2psBegin {$F2psDict begin /$F2psEnteredState save def} def /$F2psEnd {$F2psEnteredState restore end} def
%%EndProlog
$F2psBegin
612 792 translate
0.900000 -0.900000 scale
90 rotate
1.000 setlinewidth
% Ellipse
newpath 206 361 4 4 0 360 DrawEllipse
 stroke
% Ellipse
newpath 272 392 4 4 0 360 DrawEllipse
 stroke
% Ellipse
newpath 322 437 4 4 0 360 DrawEllipse
 stroke
% Ellipse
newpath 387 497 4 4 0 360 DrawEllipse
 stroke
% Ellipse
newpath 412 532 4 4 0 360 DrawEllipse
 stroke
% Ellipse
newpath 432 542 4 4 0 360 DrawEllipse
 stroke
% Ellipse
newpath 476 586 4 4 0 360 DrawEllipse
 stroke
% Ellipse
newpath 392 517 4 4 0 360 DrawEllipse
 stroke
% Ellipse
newpath 357 522 4 4 0 360 DrawEllipse
 stroke
% Ellipse
newpath 337 532 4 4 0 360 DrawEllipse
 stroke
% Ellipse
newpath 247 692 4 4 0 360 DrawEllipse
 stroke
% Ellipse
newpath 227 667 4 4 0 360 DrawEllipse
 stroke
% Ellipse
newpath 207 632 4 4 0 360 DrawEllipse
 stroke
% Ellipse
newpath 182 472 4 4 0 360 DrawEllipse
 stroke
% Ellipse
newpath 317 542 4 4 0 360 DrawEllipse
 stroke
% Ellipse
newpath 311 551 4 4 0 360 DrawEllipse
 stroke
% Ellipse
newpath 301 561 4 4 0 360 DrawEllipse
 stroke
% Ellipse
newpath 301 551 4 4 0 360 DrawEllipse
 stroke
% Ellipse
newpath 291 566 4 4 0 360 DrawEllipse
 stroke
% Ellipse
newpath 281 576 4 4 0 360 DrawEllipse
 stroke
% Ellipse
newpath 271 596 4 4 0 360 DrawEllipse
 stroke
% Polyline
newpath 179 334 moveto 499 334 lineto 499 694 lineto 179 694 lineto closepath  stroke
% Polyline
newpath 179 334 moveto 499 334 lineto 499 694 lineto 179 694 lineto closepath  stroke
5.000 setlinewidth
% Polyline
newpath 229 669 moveto 244 689 lineto stroke
% Polyline
newpath 224 664 moveto 209 639 lineto stroke
% Polyline
newpath 249 694 moveto 474 589 lineto stroke
% Polyline
newpath 409 529 moveto 394 519 lineto stroke
% Polyline
newpath 349 524 moveto 339 529 lineto stroke
% Polyline
newpath 354 519 moveto 339 529 lineto stroke
% Polyline
newpath 334 534 moveto 319 544 lineto stroke
% Polyline
newpath 314 544 moveto 309 549 lineto 314 544 lineto stroke
% Polyline
newpath 309 554 moveto 299 559 lineto stroke
% Polyline
newpath 299 564 moveto 294 564 lineto stroke
% Polyline
newpath 289 569 moveto 284 574 lineto stroke
% Polyline
newpath 279 579 moveto 269 594 lineto stroke
% Polyline
newpath 414 534 moveto 429 544 lineto stroke
1.000 setlinewidth
% Polyline
newpath 219 659 moveto 219 694 lineto stroke
% Polyline
newpath 219 334 moveto 219 364 lineto stroke
% Polyline
newpath 259 334 moveto 259 384 lineto stroke
% Polyline
newpath 299 334 moveto 299 414 lineto stroke
% Polyline
newpath 339 334 moveto 339 449 lineto stroke
% Polyline
newpath 379 334 moveto 379 484 lineto stroke
% Polyline
newpath 419 334 moveto 419 529 lineto stroke
% Polyline
newpath 459 334 moveto 459 569 lineto stroke
% Polyline
newpath 459 599 moveto 459 694 lineto stroke
% Polyline
newpath 419 614 moveto 419 694 lineto stroke
% Polyline
newpath 379 634 moveto 379 694 lineto stroke
% Polyline
newpath 339 654 moveto 339 694 lineto stroke
% Polyline
newpath 299 674 moveto 299 694 lineto stroke
% Polyline
newpath 179 654 moveto 219 654 lineto stroke
% Polyline
newpath 179 614 moveto 199 614 lineto stroke
% Polyline
newpath 179 574 moveto 194 574 lineto stroke
% Polyline
newpath 179 534 moveto 189 534 lineto stroke
% Polyline
newpath 179 374 moveto 184 374 lineto stroke
% Polyline
newpath 244 374 moveto 499 374 lineto stroke
% Polyline
newpath 299 414 moveto 499 414 lineto stroke
% Polyline
newpath 344 454 moveto 499 454 lineto stroke
% Polyline
newpath 389 494 moveto 499 494 lineto stroke
% Polyline
newpath 429 534 moveto 499 534 lineto stroke
% Polyline
newpath 464 574 moveto 499 574 lineto stroke
% Polyline
newpath 419 614 moveto 499 614 lineto stroke
% Polyline
newpath 339 654 moveto 499 654 lineto stroke
5.000 setlinewidth
% Interpolated spline
newpath 209 359 moveto
	217.752 361.651 221.502 362.901 224 364 curveto
	232.134 367.578 243.384 373.828 269 389 curveto
 stroke
% Interpolated spline
newpath 274 394 moveto
	285.647 402.598 290.647 406.348 294 409 curveto
	299.238 413.142 306.738 419.392 324 434 curveto
 stroke
% Interpolated spline
newpath 324 434 moveto
	338.479 448.479 344.729 454.729 349 459 curveto
	354.980 464.980 363.730 473.730 384 494 curveto
 stroke
% Interpolated spline
newpath 389 499 moveto
	400.583 510.583 405.583 515.583 409 519 curveto
	412.417 522.417 417.417 527.417 429 539 curveto
 stroke
% Interpolated spline
newpath 434 544 moveto
	445.583 555.583 450.583 560.583 454 564 curveto
	457.417 567.417 462.417 572.417 474 584 curveto
 stroke
% Interpolated spline
newpath 179 469 moveto
	179.801 416.951 181.051 394.451 184 379 curveto
	184.690 375.386 186.206 367.221 189 364 curveto
	190.482 362.292 192.982 361.042 199 359 curveto
 stroke
% Interpolated spline
newpath 204 629 moveto
	194.953 582.743 191.203 562.743 189 549 curveto
	186.952 536.225 184.452 517.475 179 474 curveto
 stroke
% Interpolated spline
newpath 389 514 moveto
	380.359 513.577 376.609 513.577 374 514 curveto
	371.250 514.446 367.500 515.696 359 519 curveto
 stroke
/fn0.12 /Times-Roman findfont 13.333333 scalefont def
fn0.12 setfont
(500) 189 479 moveto 1 -1 scale show 1 -1 scale 
(480) 184 644 moveto 1 -1 scale show 1 -1 scale 
(470) 194 684 moveto 1 -1 scale show 1 -1 scale 
(380) 244 679 moveto 1 -1 scale show 1 -1 scale 
(520) 189 354 moveto 1 -1 scale show 1 -1 scale 
(540) 279 389 moveto 1 -1 scale show 1 -1 scale 
(560) 319 424 moveto 1 -1 scale show 1 -1 scale 
(580) 389 489 moveto 1 -1 scale show 1 -1 scale 
(600) 444 549 moveto 1 -1 scale show 1 -1 scale 
(770 nm) 464 609 moveto 1 -1 scale show 1 -1 scale 
(1500K) 399 559 moveto 1 -1 scale show 1 -1 scale 
(2000K) 359 509 moveto 1 -1 scale show 1 -1 scale 
(3500K) 349 539 moveto 1 -1 scale show 1 -1 scale 
(4500K) 329 554 moveto 1 -1 scale show 1 -1 scale 
(6500K) 309 574 moveto 1 -1 scale show 1 -1 scale 
(10,000K) 289 589 moveto 1 -1 scale show 1 -1 scale 
(Infinity) 279 609 moveto 1 -1 scale show 1 -1 scale 
(C) 279 564 moveto 1 -1 scale show 1 -1 scale 
(D65) 279 544 moveto 1 -1 scale show 1 -1 scale 
(B) 304 539 moveto 1 -1 scale show 1 -1 scale 
/fn0.16 /Times-Roman findfont 17.777778 scalefont def
fn0.16 setfont
(0) 179 714 moveto 1 -1 scale show 1 -1 scale 
(0.2) 249 714 moveto 1 -1 scale show 1 -1 scale 
(0.4) 329 714 moveto 1 -1 scale show 1 -1 scale 
(0.6) 409 714 moveto 1 -1 scale show 1 -1 scale 
(0.8) 484 714 moveto 1 -1 scale show 1 -1 scale 
(0) 159 694 moveto 1 -1 scale show 1 -1 scale 
(0.2) 154 619 moveto 1 -1 scale show 1 -1 scale 
(0.4) 149 539 moveto 1 -1 scale show 1 -1 scale 
(0.6) 154 459 moveto 1 -1 scale show 1 -1 scale 
(0.8) 149 379 moveto 1 -1 scale show 1 -1 scale 
/fn0.20 /Times-Roman findfont 22.222222 scalefont def
fn0.20 setfont
(x) 364 739 moveto 1 -1 scale show 1 -1 scale 
(y) 114 504 moveto 1 -1 scale show 1 -1 scale 
showpage
$F2psEnd
%%EndDocument
 @endspecial 551 1314 a Fi(Figure)16 b(1:)j(The)d(1931)e(Chromaticit)o(y)h
(Diagram)189 1447 y Fj(displa)o(y)m(.)251 1497 y(This)g(motiv)n(ated)d(the)k
(need)f(for)g Ff(devic)n(e-indep)n(endent)h Fj(color)e(spaces.)22
b(By)15 b(sp)q(ecifying)g(a)g(color)189 1547 y(in)d(a)g(device)i(indep)q
(enden)o(t)g(color)e(space,)h(the)h(same)d(color)i(w)o(ould)f(b)q(e)h(displa)
o(y)o(ed)f(on)g(t)o(w)o(o)g(di\013eren)o(t)189 1597 y(screens.)251
1646 y(The)17 b(basis)f(of)g(device-indep)q(enden)o(t)i(color)e(spaces)i(is)e
(the)h(CIE)g(colorimetric)e(system.)25 b(The)189 1696 y(CIE)17
b(\()p Ff(Commission)h(Internationale)g(de)g(l'Eclair)n(age)p
Fj(\))f(or)g(the)h Ff(International)g(Commission)g(on)189 1746
y(Il)r(lumination)i Fj(colorimetric)f(system)i(de\014nes)h(the)f(essen)o
(tial)g(standards,)i(mathematical)17 b(de\014-)189 1796 y(nitions,)h(and)g
(measuremen)o(t)g(pro)q(cedures)i(for)e(the)h(industry)m(.)32
b(This)18 b(system)g(is)h(based)g(on)f(the)189 1846 y(premise)c(that)g(a)g
(color)g(stim)o(ulus)f(results)i(from)d(the)j(prop)q(er)g(com)o(bination)d
(of)i(an)g(illumina)o(n)o(t,)d(or)189 1895 y(ligh)o(t)h(source,)j(an)f(ob)r
(ject,)g(and)g(an)f(observ)o(er)i([5].)251 1945 y(The)k(1931)f(CIE)h
(Chromaticit)o(y)d(Diagram,)h(sho)o(wn)i(in)f(\014gure)h(1)1325
1930 y Fe(1)1362 1945 y Fj(w)o(as)g(the)g(\014rst)h(diagram)189
1995 y(accepted)14 b(in)o(ternationally)d(for)h(general)h(use)g([5)o(].)k
(All)12 b(the)h(device-indep)q(enden)o(t)i(color)d(spaces)i(are)189
2045 y(based)g(on)g(this)g(diagram.)h(W)m(e)f(shall)f(brie\015y)h(describ)q
(e)i(eac)o(h)e(of)f(these)j(color)d(spaces)j(separately)m(.)189
2161 y Fg(2.1)55 b(Device)17 b(Dep)r(enden)n(t)h(Color)g(Spaces)189
2238 y Fj(There)d(are)f(t)o(w)o(o)f(device)i(dep)q(enden)o(t)h(color)d
(spaces,)i(R)o(GB)e(and)h(R)o(GBi.)189 2306 y Fk(R)o(GB:)22
b Fj(This)e(is)g(a)g(device)i(dep)q(enden)o(t)g(additiv)o(e)e(color)g(space.)
38 b(Colors)20 b(are)h(formed)e(b)o(y)i(the)289 2356 y(com)o(bination)16
b(of)i(the)h(three)g(primary)e(colors,)j(Red,)f(Green,)h(and)e(Blue.)32
b(The)19 b(di\013eren)o(t)p 75 2395 720 2 v 127 2422 a Fd(1)144
2438 y Fc(This)14 b(diagram)g(is)g(a)f(hand-dra)o(wn)h(cop)o(y)g(of)e(the)i
(original)h(and)f(ma)o(y)f(not)g(b)q(e)h(exact.)964 2577 y
Fi(3)p eop
%%Page: 4 5
4 bop 289 307 a Fj(lev)o(els)16 b(for)h(eac)o(h)g(of)f(these)i(primary)d
(colors)h(can)h(pro)q(duce)h(a)e(wide)h(range)g(of)f(colors.)26
b(The)289 357 y(b)q(ene\014t)14 b(of)e(this)g(color)h(space)g(is)g(its)f
(ease)i(of)e(implemen)o(tatio)o(n.)j(The)e(disadv)n(an)o(tages)f(of)g(this)
289 407 y(color)h(space)i(are)f(its)g(device)h(dep)q(endency)h(and)e(the)g
(di\016cult)o(y)f(of)g(p)q(erception)j(b)o(y)d(a)h(user.)189
473 y Fk(R)o(GBi:)21 b Fj(The)g(R)o(GBi)e(color)h(space)h(is)f(essen)o
(tially)h(the)g(same)e(as)i(R)o(GB.)e(This)h(color)g(space)h(is)289
523 y Ff(gamma-c)n(orr)n(e)n(cte)n(d)12 b Fj(whic)o(h)i(means)e(that)i(the)g
(in)o(tensit)o(y)f(lev)o(els)h(can)f(b)q(e)h(spaced)h(logrithmat-)289
573 y(ically)d(rather)j(than)f(linearly)m(,)e(to)h(ac)o(hiev)o(e)i(equal)e
(steps)i(in)f(brigh)o(tness.)189 689 y Fg(2.2)55 b(Device)17
b(Indep)r(enden)n(t)h(Color)h(Spaces)189 766 y Fj(These)f(da)o(ys)f(m)o
(ulti-color)d(displa)o(ys)i(are)i(b)q(eing)e(used)i(in)f(almost)e(ev)o(ery)j
(w)o(alk)d(of)i(life.)26 b(Some)16 b(of)189 815 y(these)e(uses)f(are)g
(highly)e(sophisticated)i(and)g(there)h(is)e(a)g(serious)h(need)h(to)e
(accurately)h(con)o(trol)f(and)189 865 y(sp)q(ecify)19 b(the)g(color)f
(displa)o(y)o(ed)g(b)o(y)g(a)g(CR)m(T.)f(F)m(ollo)o(wing)f(is)j(description)g
(of)f(eac)o(h)h(of)e(the)j(device)189 915 y(indep)q(enden)o(t)15
b(color)e(space)i(mo)q(dels)e(a)o(v)n(ailable)f(to)q(da)o(y)m(.)189
996 y Fk(CIExyY:)24 b Fj(The)14 b(1931)e(Chromaticit)o(y)f(Diagram)g(describ)
q(es)k(the)f(xyY)f(color)g(space.)19 b(Here)14 b(x)f(and)289
1046 y(y)j(are)h(the)g(c)o(hromaticit)o(y)e(co)q(ordinates)j(and)e(con)o
(tains)h(no)f(information)e(on)i(the)h(inheren)o(t)289 1096
y(ligh)o(tness)11 b(of)g(a)g(color.)17 b(The)12 b(tristim)o(ulus)e(v)n(alue)h
(Y)h(represen)o(ts)i(the)e(luminance)e(factor.)17 b(This)289
1146 y(color)g(space)i(is)e(the)i(basis)f(of)f(all)f(the)j(device)f(indep)q
(enden)o(t)h(color)f(spaces.)31 b(Its)18 b(greatest)289 1195
y(adv)n(an)o(tage)e(is)h(its)g(v)n(alue)g(in)f(predicting)i(the)g(additiv)o
(e)e(mixture)g(of)h(t)o(w)o(o)f(or)i(more)e(colors.)289 1245
y(The)11 b(disadv)n(an)o(tages)g(of)f(this)h(color)g(space)h(are)g(t)o(w)o(o)
e(fold.)17 b(One,)11 b(it)g(do)q(es)h(not)f(ha)o(v)o(e)g(a)g(visually)289
1295 y(equally)g(spaced)j(colors.)k(Second,)13 b(the)h(blac)o(k)e(color)g
(has)h(no)g(unique)f(p)q(osition)h(in)f(this)h(color)289 1345
y(space)i([5)o(].)189 1411 y Fk(CIEXYZ:)24 b Fj(In)16 b(1931,)f(CIE)h
(de\014ned)i(three)f(new)f(standard)h(primaries,)e(namely)f(X,)i(Y,)g(and)f
(Z,)289 1461 y(to)e(replace)i(the)f(R,G,)e(and)h(B)h(primaries.)j(These)e
(new)f(primaries)f(can)h(b)q(e)g(used)g(to)g(matc)o(h,)289
1511 y(with)e(only)g(p)q(ositiv)o(e)h(w)o(eigh)o(ts,)g(all)e(the)j(visible)e
(colors.)18 b(The)13 b(1931)f(Chromaticit)o(y)f(Diagram)289
1561 y(w)o(as)h(obtained)f(b)o(y)h(plotting)f Ff(x)h Fj(and)g
Ff(y)g Fj(for)g(all)f(visible)g(colors,)h(whic)o(h)g(is)g(the)g(pro)r
(jection)h(on)o(to)289 1610 y(the)h(\(X,)g(Y\))g(plane)g(of)f(the)h(\(X)g(+)h
(Y)f(+)g(Z)g(=)g(1\))g(plane)f(of)h(this)g(mo)q(del)e([1)o(].)289
1669 y(The)20 b(CIEXYZ)g(color)g(space)h(also)e(serv)o(es)i(as)f(the)g(\\h)o
(ub"for)f(the)i(con)o(v)o(ersions)f(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)289 1718
y(device-indep)q(enden)o(t)c(and)d(device-dep)q(enden)o(t)k(color)c(spaces)i
([4].)189 1785 y Fk(CIEu'v'Y:)24 b Fj(This)13 b(color)g(space)i(is)e(the)h
(latest)g(implemen)o(tati)o(on)d(of)h(a)i(linear)e(transformation)g(of)289
1835 y(the)k(1931)f(Chromaticit)o(y)e(Diagram.)21 b(The)16
b(ob)r(jectiv)o(e)h(of)e(this)h(linearization)e(w)o(as)i(to)f(ha)o(v)o(e)289
1884 y(a)e(color)h(space)h(in)f(whic)o(h)g(colors)g(w)o(ere)h(distributed)g
(in)f(a)f(more)g(uniform)f(manner.)18 b(The)d(u')289 1934 y(and)e(v')g(are)h
(the)g(c)o(hromaticit)o(y)d(co)q(ordinates)k(where)f(Y)g(represen)o(ts)i(the)
e(luminance)e(factor.)189 2001 y Fk(CIEL*u*v*:)23 b Fj(The)11
b(e\013orts)i(to)e(linearize)g(the)h(relationship)e(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)j(the)f
(magnitude)d(of)i(a)g(color)289 2050 y(di\013erence)i(and)f(its)f(app)q
(earance)i(con)o(tin)o(ued.)k(The)c(scien)o(tists)f(com)o(bined)f(the)h(u,v)f
(Diagram)289 2100 y(with)j(the)h(1976)e(metric)h(ligh)o(tness)g(function)g
(L*)g(whic)o(h)h(resulted)g(in)f(L*u*v*)g(color)g(space.)289
2150 y(This)g(color)h(space)h(is)e(based)i(on)f(the)g(opp)q(onen)o(t-color)g
(theory)g(whic)o(h)g(mo)q(dels)f(the)h(h)o(uman)289 2200 y(color)g(vision.)24
b(In)16 b(this)h(color)f(space,)h(u*)f(and)g(v*)f(describ)q(e)j(the)f(c)o
(hromatic)e(attributes)i(of)289 2250 y(color.)g(The)12 b(u*)f(represen)o(ts)j
(red-green)f(co)q(ordinate,)f(while)f(the)h(v*)f(axis)g(represen)o(ts)k(y)o
(ello)o(w-)289 2300 y(blue.)j(The)c(L*)f(axis)g(describ)q(es)j(v)n(ariations)
c(in)i(ligh)o(tness.)k(This)13 b(color)g(space)i(has)f(a)f(unique)289
2349 y(p)q(osition)f(for)h(the)h(blac)o(k)f(color.)k(T)m(o)q(da)o(y)c
(CIEL*u*v*)f(is)h(considered)i(as)e(the)h(b)q(est)h(a)o(v)n(ailable)289
2399 y(appro)o(ximation)10 b(to)k(a)g(visually)e(uniform)g(color)i(space)h
([5)o(].)964 2577 y Fi(4)p eop
%%Page: 5 6
5 bop 189 307 a Fk(CIEL*a*b*:)23 b Fj(L*a*b*)10 b(color)h(space)i(is)f
(colorimetric)e(and)h(is)h(v)o(ery)f(close)i(to)e(b)q(eing)h(p)q(erceptually)
289 357 y(uniform)f([7].)17 b(It)d(has)g(separate)h(ligh)o(tness)f(and)g(c)o
(hroma)f(c)o(hannels.)18 b(It)c(is)g(represen)o(ted)j(as)d(a)289
407 y(Euclidean)f(space)i(with)e(the)i(three)g(quan)o(tities)e(L*,)g(a*,)g
(and)g(b*)g(plotted)h(along)f(axes)h(righ)o(t)289 457 y(angles)j(to)g(eac)o
(h)h(other.)30 b(L*)17 b(represen)o(ts)j(ligh)o(tness,)e(a*)f(represen)o(ts)j
(the)e(red/green)h(axis,)289 506 y(and)d(b*)g(represen)o(ts)j(the)e(y)o(ello)
o(w/blue)e(axis.)25 b(This)16 b(color)g(space)i(is)e(extremely)g(useful)h
(for)289 556 y(device-indep)q(enden)o(t)f(manipulatio)o(n)11
b(of)j(con)o(tin)o(uous)f(tone)i(images)d([7)o(].)189 623 y
Fk(T)l(ekHV)o(C:)24 b Fj(The)10 b(T)m(ekHV)o(C)g(color)g(space,)i(dev)o(elop)
q(ed)f(at)f(T)m(ektronix,)g(is)g(a)g(set)h(of)e(algorithms)f(that)289
672 y(creates)15 b(a)e(three-dimensional)f(color)i(space)g([6)o(])f([4].)k
(H\(ue\))d(describ)q(es)i(the)e(prop)q(ert)o(y)g(asso-)289
722 y(ciated)e(with)g(the)h(color)f(family)m(.)i(V\(alue\))e(denotes)i(the)f
(v)n(ariation)d(in)i(ligh)o(tness.)18 b(C\(hroma\))289 772
y(denotes)d(the)f(saturation)f(or)h(vibrancy)g(of)f(a)g(color.)18
b(HV)o(C)13 b(pro)o(vides)h(a)g(color)f(space)i(that)e(is)289
822 y(visually)f(uniform)g([5)o(].)189 938 y Fg(2.3)55 b(In)n(terViews)189
1015 y Fj(In)o(terViews)17 b(is)f(an)g(ob)r(ject-orien)o(ted)h(soft)o(w)o
(are)g(system)f(for)f(windo)o(w-based)h(applications.)24 b(It)16
b(is)189 1065 y(an)11 b(C++)i(in)o(terface)g(to)e(X)i(windo)o(ws;)e(it)h(is)g
(built)f(on)h(top)g(of)f(X.)h(It)g(w)o(as)g(implemen)o(ted)e(at)i(Stanford)
189 1114 y(Univ)o(ersit)o(y)i(b)o(y)h(Mark)g(Lin)o(ton's)f(group.)21
b(The)15 b(name)f(\\In)o(terViews")i(comes)e(from)f(the)j(idea)e(of)h(a)189
1164 y(user)j(in)o(terface)f(ob)r(ject)h(presen)o(ting)g(an)f
Ff(Inter)p Fj(activ)o(e)g Ff(view)g Fj(of)f(the)i(same)e(data)h([2)o(].)27
b(In)o(terViews)189 1214 y(pro)o(vides)14 b(a)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(of)h(high)f
(lev)o(el)h(comp)q(onen)o(ts)f(for)h(building)e(in)o(terfaces.)251
1264 y(A)o(t)18 b(presen)o(t,)i(only)d(3.1Beta)h(v)o(ersion)g(of)f(In)o
(terViews)i(is)f(a)o(v)n(ailable)d(with)j(the)g(promise)f(of)h(a)189
1314 y(complete)g(3.1)g(v)o(ersion)h(sometimes)e(in)h(near)h(future.)34
b(Ob)o(viously)18 b(this)h(v)o(ersion)g(is)f(not)h(stable)189
1363 y(y)o(et.)189 1576 y Fh(3)69 b(Design)22 b(of)h(ICE)189
1675 y Fg(3.1)55 b(Impleme)o(n)n(tation)16 b(using)j(In)n(terViews)189
1752 y Fj(The)d(design)h(of)e(the)i(ICE)f(to)q(ol)g(has)g(primarily)e(b)q
(een)j(driv)o(en)f(b)o(y)g(the)h(In)o(terViews's)g(philosoph)o(y)189
1801 y(of)c(data)h(v)o(ersus)i(views.)j(In)o(terViews)d(promotes)d(the)i(use)
h(of)d(di\013eren)o(t)j(views)e(of)g(the)h(same)e(data.)189
1851 y(Consider,)i(for)g(example,)e(a)i(set)h(of)e(v)n(alues)h(along)f(one)h
(dimension)e(and)i(a)g(corresp)q(onding)h(set)g(of)189 1901
y(v)n(alues)d(along)f(a)h(second)i(dimension)d(so)h(that)h(these)g(t)o(w)o(o)
f(sets)i(ha)o(v)o(e)e(some)g(relationship)g(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)189
1951 y(them.)j(No)o(w)c(this)g(relationship)f(can)h(b)q(e)g(graphically)f
(represen)o(ted)j(b)o(y)e(a)g(t)o(w)o(o-dimensional)c(graph)189
2001 y(as)k(w)o(ell)g(as)h(b)o(y)g(a)f(pie-c)o(hart.)18 b(No)o(w)12
b(if)g(an)o(y)g(v)n(alue)g(in)g(the)i(\014rst)f(dimension)e(c)o(hanges)j
(then)f(b)q(oth)g(the)189 2050 y(graph)i(and)g(pie-c)o(hart)h(represen)o
(tations)h(should)f(re\015ect)h(that.)22 b(They)16 b(are)g(b)q(oth)g(lo)q
(oking)d(at)j(the)189 2100 y(same)d(data)g(but)h(eac)o(h)h(is)e(represen)o
(ting)j(it)d(di\013eren)o(tly)m(.)251 2150 y(The)f(mec)o(hanism)d(for)i(supp)