HDTenEightyP/NetNews huggingface dataset:
From: umnoor@ccu.umanitoba.ca (Nasir Ahmed Noor)
Subject: Re: Paradox bug/feature in query form? (3.5)
Organization: University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
Date: Fri, 8 Jan 1993 23:34:18 GMT


Put .. (two periods) after your ~ variable and NOT in the ~ var.

--nasir
umnoor@ccu.umanitoba.ca

p.s. You wanna know what a bug/headache is...change to A: or B: and then
     EMPTY it (take disk out) and start Paradox from it. It will start but
     then try to exit it....you will have fun!  :-)
From: duncanm@Micor.OCUnix.on.ca (Duncan A. MacGregor)
Newsgroups: comp.databases
Subject: Looking for text databases (especially "Folio Views")
Date: 10 Jan 93 16:45:50 GMT
Organization: M.B. Cormier INC.

I am thinking of acquiring a text-oriented database system (aka text
information management system [TIMS], or document management system).
While investigating, I have heard glowing reports about a program known
as "Folio Views."  Unfortunately, I have NOT been able to locate any
current information about the company that produces it.
Could someone please indicate who makes the program and how to get in
touch with them?
I am also open to persuasion about other text-oriented databases, though
I have already investigated several of them (notably AskSam, ZyIndex, and
Ful/Text).
Please e-mail me your responses, else I may miss it.  I will summarize to
the Net later, if desired.
Newsgroups: comp.databases
From: durai@ortta.umn.edu (Durai Venkatasubramanian)
Subject: Re: FoxPro: scrollable windows (compuserve...)
Organization: U of Mn
Date: Mon, 11 Jan 1993 23:11:43 GMT

In article <1993Jan11.200539.2849@zip.eecs.umich.edu> tazzzzz@quip.eecs.umich.edu (Kevin Dangoor) writes:
>From: tazzzzz@quip.eecs.umich.edu (Kevin Dangoor)
>Subject: Re: FoxPro: Help needed with scrollable windows
>Date: Mon, 11 Jan 1993 20:05:39 GMT
>
>I saw a library on Compuserve's FoxForum that will let you do large scrolling
>screens. I don't remember much about it (I gave it a cursory glance since I
>figured it would be incompatible with the Windows version and I will be moving
>to FoxPro/Win ASAP), but I know it was there.
>
>...Kev


I downloaded the code and tested.  It really worked well.  But it was too 
cumbersome to navigate up and down, so i deleted it.  imho, it is better to 
coordinate multiple screens with one read than to define one large 
screen.

Newsgroups: comp.databases
From: joet@dcatlas.dot.gov (Joe Trott)
Subject: Re: Currency fields and Rounding...Paradox 4.0
Organization: U.S Dept. of Transportation
Date: Mon, 4 Jan 1993 15:32:58 GMT

umnoor@ccu.umanitoba.ca (Nasir Ahmed Noor) writes:



>There is an amount whose 5% comes to be $146.505. I use Round(146.505 ,2) on
>it and get $146.50. But I want it to round UP to $146.51 as all the people
>sending in the payments round UP and my app. and there payment forms are always
>off by 1 cent. How to fix it.

You can write your own rounding function, e.g. add 0.005 to the number and
then truncate it (multiply*100, use INT, then divide/100).
This will solve the problem of the number's internal value as well.

[description of internal value problem deleted]

-JTT

Newsgroups: comp.databases
From: jamesc@netcom.com (James Chuang)
Subject: Re: UDF problem in FoxBase+
Organization: Netcom - Online Communication Services (408 241-9760 guest)
Date: Sat, 9 Jan 1993 09:09:34 GMT


Since you are using FoxBase+, I don't believe you declare UDF()s with a
FUNCTION keyword.  This was introduced in dBase IV ver 1.0, which came
after FoxBase+.  In FoxBase+, procedures and functions are declared the
same way:

	PROCEDURE isok
The only difference is that procedures can't accept a return value.
So in your case, just change your declaration to procedure, adn you should
be ok....

jamesc
-- 
=========================================
If someone asks if you are a God, you say... YES!
Newsgroups: comp.databases
From: D.M.Todd@massey.ac.nz (D.M. Todd)
Subject: Re: Arev 3.01
Summary: Couple of questions
Keywords: Reveation
Organization: Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
X-Reader: NETNEWS/PC Version 2c
Date: Wed, 13 Jan 93 01:13:10 GMT

I don't know if David Apimerika has gotten complete answers to a
couple of questions:

1) how to get push.session/pop.session to work.  I've finally figured
out what my problem was.  As I understand it, these routines gather
system information (you don't have to tell them where to find it) and
they assign that info to 5 local variables which you can name
anything you want to:

For example, if you do push.session(a,b,c,d,e) then you will get this:

a= current cursor screen location
b= @sentence
c= @record
etc.

you may use these local variables in your code, or simply restore them
as the system variables with pop.session(a,b,c,d,e).

Have I finally got this right?

2)  How to load the AREV system and configuration menus from TCL or
install them on other menus.  The AREV system menu is named APPMAIN,
and the AREV configuration menu is named STARTUP.

David
Newsgroups: comp.databases
From: schieb@shark.gsfc.nasa.gov (Brian D. Schieber)
Subject: Looking for X based freeware database
Organization: Lab for Hydrospheric Processes
Date: Wed, 6 Jan 1993 18:48:07 GMT

hi,
 I'm curious if there are any freeware databases out there that run under 
X windows on UNIX.  My needs are simple and my $$ is nil so I'd like to 
get ahold of a GUI driven database I could do a little management on.

MAil me direct.

Many thanks,
 Brian
From: someday@hardy.u.washington.edu (Scott Johnson)
Newsgroups: comp.databases
Subject: Re: Arev 3.0 woes
Date: 5 Jan 93 21:56:22 GMT
Article-I.D.: shelley.1id066INNn2l
Organization: University of Washington, Seattle
NNTP-Posting-Host: hardy.u.washington.edu

In article <cfpdea.17@pnv.palm.cri.nz> news@massey.ac.nz (USENET News System) writes:
>Happy new year everyone!
>
>We've recently installed Arev 3.0 as a tradeup and have noticed (amongst 
>other problems) one that's rather curious. Some @-variables appear to be 
>missing, although they are described in the books. These are, as far as I 
>have looked, @Atrbt, @Atrbt.ptr, @SW and @VW.
>
>Has anyone seen these lost children?
>
>Thanks in advance...
>
>David Apimerika
>cfpdea@pnv.palm.cri.nz
>

The doc is wrong; those variables were removed.  @SW and @VW weren't
being used anywhere so we removed them for clean-up.  And I changed
the general color handling scheme, so @ATRBT and @ATRBT.PTR didn't
have any function any more.

But if you were using @ATRBT or @ATRBT.PTR in your programs, you can
still get the same functionality with the @() function.  I can't
remember it offhand, but it's something like @ATRBT<n> becomes
@(-11-n).  I hope this helps.

(BTW, the current update version level of AREV is 3.02.  You can
download the update from Compu$erve if you're at level 3.0.)

Scott Johnson
not speaking for,
just employed at,
Revelation Technologies, Inc.
Newsgroups: comp.databases
From: scottm@intime.intime.com (Scott Michel)
Subject: ODBC/IDAPI API specs
Organization: -- J/24 -- Racers Home for Programmers
Distribution: comp
Date: Mon, 11 Jan 1993 23:48:27 GMT

Does anyone on the net have a non-PS copy of those documents? Or maybe
something I can shove into Windows (only if I have to kicking & screaming)
and print? If someone does, please mail them to me (scottm@intime.intime.com)

Or just simply point me in a direction where I can get those documents.

Thanks...

-scottm
--
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Scott Michel, IntelliMED Corporation  | "For the words of the profits were
E-mail:    scottm@intime.intime.COM   |  written on the studio walls!"
CI$:       72600,1657                 | [Rush - _Permanent Waves_]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Disclaimer: #include <sys/std/disclaimer.h>
-- 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Scott Michel, IntelliMED Corporation  | "For the words of the profits were
E-mail:    scottm@intime.intime.COM   |  written on the studio walls!"
CI$:       72600,1657                 | [Rush - _Permanent Waves_]
From: denisl@col.hp.com (Denis Lambert)
Newsgroups: comp.databases
Subject: Re: ODBC status (Btrieve)
Date: 12 Jan 1993 15:05:10 GMT
Organization: HP Colorado Springs Division
Distribution: comp
NNTP-Posting-Host: la.col.hp.com


I looked into this about three weeks ago.  As of that time neither Microsoft
or Novell were working on it.  I received the information from Microsoft's
tech support, so it could be inaccurate, and I received the input from
Novell's product development group.

I hope someone else out there is working on this.

Denis Lambert
denisl@col.hp.com

Newsgroups: comp.databases
From: reichi@maui.cs.ucla.edu (Rei-Chi Lee)
Subject: Microsoft's ODBC
Organization: UCLA, Computer Science Department
Distribution: usa
Date: Fri, 8 Jan 93 19:47:18 GMT

I just recently heard Microsoft's ODBC specification.  Can
someone tell me more about what it is and how to get more
detailed information.  I would also like to know what's 
people's reaction on it, especially those RDBMS vendors.

Thanks in advance.

-reichi
From: crc@csd4.csd.uwm.edu (Craig R Coughlan)
Newsgroups: comp.databases
Subject: dddfff
Date: 10 Jan 1993 07:55:18 GMT
Organization: Computing Services Division, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee
Distribution: uwm
NNTP-Posting-Host: 129.89.7.4
Originator: crc@csd4.csd.uwm.edu
From: mrush@ecst.csuchico.edu (Matt "C P." Rush)
Newsgroups: comp.databases
Subject: Unify/Accell Lock Manager Init Failure!
Summary: Can't initialize lock manager, error 13
Date: 13 Jan 93 01:00:35 GMT
Organization: California State University, Chico
NNTP-Posting-Host: cscihp.ecst.csuchico.edu


	We recently restored Unify/Accell IDE from a tar onto an RS/6000.

	However, whenever a normal user goes to start up Unify (using "UNIFY"
or "AMGR dbapp.al" at a prompt) they get a "Can't initialize Lock Manager.
Error 13" Not -13, just '13' (which isn't listed in the in the U/A manuals).
	BUT, if I try it as ROOT, it comes up fine -- so obviously the permissions
on SOMETHING got botched.

	My question is WHAT program(s) [or file(s)] permissions got messed up,
and what SHOULD they be?

	E-mail would be much appreciated (my newsfeed is not real reliable).
	Thanks!


	-- Matt "C P." Rush

	  INTERNET: mrush@ecst.csuchico.edu
	DISCLAIMER: Any opinions expressed herein are mine, and mine alone.
	            However, you are encouraged adopt them as your own :-)
Newsgroups: comp.databases
From:  wld@consum.moldova.su (Yakhnenko Vladimir L.)
Subject: Hello, database World !!! Merry Christmas!!! La multi ani !!! Z novim rokom !!! I wish you every success in the New Year!!! Sincerely yours.  V.L.Yakhnenko.
Date: Wed, 30 Dec 1992 10:35:05 GMT
Reply-To: wld@consum.moldova.su
Organization: MarfConsum
Summary: New Year Congratulations.



Xref: sparky comp.databases:8887 comp.protocols.misc:926
From: csa09@keele.ac.uk (Paul Singleton)
Newsgroups: comp.databases,comp.protocols.misc
Subject: ATMI: info sought
Date: 7 Jan 93 17:33:40 GMT
Organization: Keele University, England

Where, please, can I find more information (not only technical, but also
any objective assessment of usefulness and future importance) of an
allegedly vendor-independent database interface called "ATMI"?  I am
interested in any developments which allow application programs to access
(and perhaps do transactions involving) several assorted databases.
----
  __   __    Paul Singleton (Mr)           JANET: paul@uk.ac.keele.cs
 |__) (__    Computer Science Dept.        other: paul@cs.keele.ac.uk
 |  .  __).  Keele University, Newcastle,    tel: +44 (0)782 621111 x7355
             Staffs ST5 5BG, ENGLAND         fax: +44 (0)782 713082
Newsgroups: comp.databases
From: zjop02@VNET74
Subject: PDOX 3.5
Reply-To: zjop02@VNET74
Organization: AMOCO NAPERVILLE IL
Date: Tue, 12 Jan 1993 17:51:35 GMT

I have over 5 meg of information in several flat files.  I wish to import
them into PDOX and be able to index all this information.  In a given file
there might be 2-6 different segments all having a heading before the text.
Something like:
PE/PP:  Statoil Seek ....
     **** Then a lot of text ****
Polypropylene: European
     **** More text ****

The PE/PP and Polypropylene are the key fields I would like to index.

I know how to import all the information but do not know a good way to index
all of this.

Any help ?

Thanks Jim.
From: erik@sol1.lrsm.upenn.edu (Erik Vallow)
Newsgroups: comp.databases
Subject: Foxpro 2.0 question....
Date: 10 Jan 93 21:41:02 GMT
Distribution: comp
Organization: Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, University of Pennsylvania

I'm new to Foxpro and I'm having trouble getting the answer to a question. I
was looking through some code generated by Foxapp, and noticed a reference to 
something called 'juststem(<exp1>)' If it is what I think it is, it might be
useful in some of my other programs. However: "Where is it?!" It isn't a
keyword in Foxpro, from what I can tell. If it is a function or procedure, I 
can't find the actual code.... I'm must be missing something *REAL* simple,
so put me outta my misery, please!

Thanks in advance....

erik@sol1.lrsm.upenn.edu
Newsgroups: comp.databases
From: durai@ortta.umn.edu (Durai Venkatasubramanian)
Subject: Re: FoxPro: Help needed with scrollable windows
Organization: U of Mn
Date: Thu, 7 Jan 1993 22:49:48 GMT

In article <C0I7nF.H3G@unccsun.uncc.edu> alsimmon@uncc.edu (Amber Leigh Simmons) writes:

>I am currently working on a program in FoxPro for a large hospital
>in my area.  I want to be able to implement my forms so that they 
>can be larger than the screen.  Therefore I need to have window 
>which act like the FoxPro system windows with scroll bars across
>the top and bottom, to scroll around the form.  I know this can be
>done because I have seen an application using this concept.

Another suggestion:

You can try 50 line screen (set display to vga50) if you have a vga screen. 
This will help you define a larger screen.
Newsgroups: comp.databases
From: timk@tdkcs.waterloo.on.ca (Tim Kuehn)
Subject: Re: UDF problem in FoxBase+
Organization: TDK Consulting Services
Date: Sat, 9 Jan 1993 18:49:07 GMT

In article <300@safn8.UUCP> rey@safn2 (rey) writes:
>In article <1993Jan9.090934.2183@netcom.com>, jamesc@netcom.com (James Chuang) writes:
>> 
>> Since you are using FoxBase+, I don't believe you declare UDF()s with a
>> FUNCTION keyword.  This was introduced in dBase IV ver 1.0, which came
>> after FoxBase+.  In FoxBase+, procedures and functions are declared the
>> same way:
>> 
>> 	PROCEDURE isok
>> The only difference is that procedures can't accept a return value.
>> So in your case, just change your declaration to procedure, adn you should
>> be ok....
>> 
>> jamesc
>
>In SCO foxbase+ I do not recall a FUNCTION keyword, but PRODEDURE gives
>the same functionality. RETURN is a keyword that returns a value, so
>the procedure acts like a function. What did you mean "procedures can't accept
>a return value"?
>
>Are SCO foxbase+ procedures recursive? can a UDF call itself?

Easy enough to test. Put the following code segment in a file and 
"set procedure to" it, then "do main"

procedure main

do recurse with 1
quit

procedure recurse
parameters num

if (num > 5) then 
	return num
else
	num = num + 1
	do recurse with num
endif
return(num)

>Are parameters (arguments) on a stack, so that they can have
>different values in a UDF from the caller, or are they PUBLIC?

Run the prior program and find out.

>Sorry so much of the thread is missing; but the original problem
>was that functions (UDF) do not work.

What was the original context you were trying to use the UDF in? 
If you have a file "udfunc.prg" which has "procedure udfunc" at the
top, the UDF won't work.  (Don't know why though, although Fbase/+ 
doesn't support multiple procedures in a single file that's not 
"set procedure to"d.) Comment out the "procedure" line and it should
behave itself.

>Reynolds McClatchey (Southern Aluminum Finishing Co, Atlanta, GA, USA)
>uunet!safn2!reyi	rey@saf.com

 +-----------+-----------------------------------+---------------------------+
 | Tim Kuehn | TDK Consulting Services           | timk@tdkcs.waterloo.on.ca |
 | <><       | Ask me about news and mail in KW! | (519)-888-0766            |
 +-----------+-----------------------------------+---------------------------+
From: durai@ortta.umn.edu (Durai Venkatasubramanian)
Newsgroups: comp.databases
Subject: Re: Foxpro 2.0 question....
Date: 11 Jan 93 14:29:40 GMT
Distribution: comp
Organization: U of Mn

In article <104240@netnews.upenn.edu> erik@sol1.lrsm.upenn.edu (Erik Vallow) writes:
>From: erik@sol1.lrsm.upenn.edu (Erik Vallow)
>Subject: Foxpro 2.0 question.... 
>Date: 10 Jan 93 21:41:02 GMT
 {... deleted...}

What is "juststem" ?

Juststem is an udf that returns the filename without extension("abcd" 
in "abcd.txt").  It is not a foxpro native function. You can find it in the 
procedure "appproc.prg" in the foxapp related files.  Appproc (how many 'p'
s ?) has several other useful udfs.
Newsgroups: comp.databases
From: quang@fairfax.com (Quang X. Phan)
Subject: How to convert *.prg to *.exe (DBASE-IV)
Organization: Fairfax Software Corp., Fairfax VA
Distribution: usa
Date: Wed, 6 Jan 1993 18:28:44 GMT

Hi Everybody,

	I am very new in using DBASE IV. I write a program
and run in DBASE-IV

	I type : do myprog in dot prompt in Dbase-iv
and it works very well

	Now I want to convert myprog.prg to myprog.exe then 
copy it to a floppy disk and run in another machine which
does not have Dbase-IV in it. If it is possible at the DOS
prompt I can type a:\myprog.exe and see it works.

	I heard that Clipper can do conversion. But I don't
have it. I have Borland C++ 3.1 , Pascal 6.0 and TASM, MASM
(Assembly).

	Can anyone show me how to convert? I would appreciate
for your help. Thanks 


-- 
quang@fairfax.com  ( Quang Phan )
From: idixon@infocom.UUCP (Ian Dixon)
Newsgroups: comp.databases.oracle
Subject: Re: Copy objects in Oracle froms 3.0
Date: 12 Jan 93 21:21:38 GMT
Organization: INFOCOM Public Unix Server, +44 [0] 734 340055
X-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.1 PL7]

noel cronin (ncronin@unix1.tcd.ie) wrote:
> 
>  Can anybody enlighten me with regard to copying Oracle objects?
>   When I load a form (using .inp file only) and try to copy an
> object such as a trigger from another .inp file, SQL*forms tells me that the
> object was not found. We need to copy blocks/triggers etc. Has anybody
> had problems doing this ?
> 
You have to save the form that you want to copy from to the database then 
grant access to that form to the users that may want to copy anything from 
it.
I still subscribe to the 'dont save a form to the database' idea in most 
circumstances but for this I have a special reference form which contains 
the stuff I may want to copy/reference and do save that.

Hope this helps

Ian

-- 
_________________________________________________________________
  EMAIL =---> idixon@infocom.co.uk (Ian Dixon)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Newsgroups: comp.databases.oracle,comp.sys.sun.apps
From: grizzly@leland.Stanford.EDU (michael ryan)
Subject: client/server app in InfoWorld: hardware question
Followup-To: comp.databases.oracle
Organization: DSG, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA
Distribution: na
Date: Fri, 8 Jan 93 01:57:51 GMT

in the 12/28 issue of infoworld, alice laplante gives an overview of a 
system being designed for the michigan social service.

this system has central mainframes linked to office servers that support
desktop pc's.

2 unisys 2000/644es mainframes
144 u 6000/60 servers (1 per office)
6200 windows based pc's.

the main contractor here is unisys, hence the boxes.

if one were to assume  oracle as the rdbms and sun as the hardware source,
how would one configure?

how to replace the mainframes...galaxies?  
would each office need a sparcserver, or could a sparc10 do the job?
what can of problems would need to be addressed for oracle?

anyone willing to ballpark a configuration?
thanks
//michael


Newsgroups: comp.databases.oracle
From: steiger@rzu.unizh.ch (Steiger Daniel)
Subject: switch from one instance to another
Organization: Computer Centre, University of Zurich
X-Newsreader: Tin 1.1 PL5
Date: Fri, 8 Jan 1993 11:34:54 GMT

Dear dba`s

recently I have created an additional instance, so that I have two databases 
sharing the same kernel. 
Question 1: How can I switch from database 1 to database 2 as dba and as
            ordinary user?  
Question 2: is it possible to run both databases at the same time ?

I'm running oracle version 6.0.33 on sun/690

Thank for answering in advance!

Dani Steiger, Federal Institute of Technology,
              Departement of Geography,
              Zuerich, Switzerland
From: mmittman@digi.lonestar.org (Michael Mittman)
Newsgroups: comp.databases.oracle
Subject: Re: SQL Net
Date: 8 Jan 93 22:55:15 GMT
Organization: DSC Communications Corp, Plano, TX
Disclaimer:  The views within are my own and not those of DSC

In article <1354@pivot-sts.sbi.com> ken@comanche.sbi.com (Ken Jones) writes:
>Dear Oracle Guru's
>
>We looking at using Oracle in a distributed environment. I've heard that
>this is accomplished using SQL net. But is it reliable? Is it a good product? 
>Is it worth it.  Are there any alternatives?
>
>
>Ken Jones

My experience with SQL*Net is that it is a real dog when the darn
thing is working.

We have two databases on one machine (an Amdahl) which is partitioned to
run UTS operating system (UNIX) and MVS operating system.  The failure
rate for SQL*Net when going from UTS to MVS has been far to great, it
fails at least twice per month (far to great for a large corperation). 

Also, performance is a factor.  SQL*Net's transfer rate is about 512k.

Check out other possible solutions FIRST (ie: TCP/IP).

Good Luck

Michael Mittman
QRA Software Metrics - Software Tools Development
Newsgroups: comp.databases.oracle
From: markk@garond.cray.com (Mark Kuhnhenn)
Subject: CRT Definition for AUX (Apple UniX for Macintoshes)
Originator: markk@garond
Keywords: CRT, AUX, Macintosh
Organization: Cray Research, Inc.
Date: 6 Jan 93 09:15:56 CST



Has anyone created a CRT or ORATERM definition for an Apple Macintosh
running AUX?  I've got the AUX termcap and xmodmap data, (it's called a vs
terminal, another xterm emulator) but it doesn't seem to be complete.  After 
adding the vs terminal type to the termcap file of the host machine I then
created a CRT definition from the data I have.  The user logs into the
database machine and sets the terminal type environment variable to vs, 
but then can't properly navigate around in an existing 2.3 form.  

I've tried to fill in the holes with the xterm crt definitions, but there 
must be some underlying incompatabilities.  

Any help would be greatly appreciated.

Thanks,

Mark Kuhnhenn
markk@cray.com
DBA
Cray Research, Inc
Eagan, Minnesota
From: holowczk@rwja.umdnj.edu (Richard Holowczak)
Newsgroups: comp.databases.oracle
Subject: Anyone using Oracle for the Macintosh?
Summary: Oracle for the Mac
Date: 6 Jan 93 23:18:14 GMT
Distribution: comp
Organization: Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway NJ


I am part of a project team installing an Oracle system for a
manufacturing plant.  We are using Oracle Server for Netware and
will have about 8 PC clients running SQL*Tools over SQL*Net
for IPX/SPX.  There are 3 Macintosh Ci computers and the owners 
would like to know if they can get access to the database. I know
we can run Netware for Macs and get them file and print services but
is there a Mac version of SQL*Net that can talk IPX/SPX ? ? ? 

If you use Macs in CLient /Server situation, how do you communicate
with the server?


Thanks for any help.


Rich Holowczak                       holowcza@andromeda.rutgers.edu
Rutgers University
Ph.D. Computers and Information Systems Program
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------+
|  For best results, squeeze .sig from the bottom   | Ask about the |
|           and flatten as you go up.               | car alarm FAQ |
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------+