From: Guven.Guzeldere%STANFORD.BitNet@pucc.PRINCETON.EDU (hq.ggg)
Newsgroups: soc.culture.turkish
Subject: Allied may be barred from ....
Date: 27 Jan 1993 22:06:14 -0600
Organization: UTexas Mail-to-News Gateway
Reply-To: Turkish Cultural Program List <TRKNWS-L%USCVM.BitNet@pucc.PRINCETON.EDU>
NNTP-Posting-Host: cs.utexas.edu

 -Allies may be barred from using Turkish bases to punish
Iraq
 -Cosic discusses Bosnian war, Macedonia with Greek leaders
 -Uzbekistan prosecutor wants six-year prison term for
opposition leader
 -U.N. refugee cheif says vital aid routes blocked (in
Bosnia)
 -Bosnian Serbs dismiss U.N. proposal

Subject: Allies may be barred from using Turkish bases to
punish Iraq

        WASHINGTON (UPI) -- Turkish President Turgut Ozal
said Wednesday that American, French and British combat
aircraft based in his nation might be barred from enforcing
the ``no-fly zone'' over northern Iraq unless the allies
``do something in Bosnia.''
        Ozal, speaking at the Brookings Institution, accused
Western nations of using a ``double standard'' in the
application of U.N. resolutions.
        He said Washington and its European allies press
hard to enforce the air-exclusion zone over northern and
southern Iraq, but refuse to exert the same degree of effort
to police the ban on Serbian military flights over Bosnia-
Herzegovina.
        ``Iraq does not obey the rules put by the United
Nations, but how about Bosnia,'' Ozal said. ``There is a
'no-fly zone' in Bosnia, but it is not being implemented.
        ``Why this double standard?''
        Ozal, whose secular nation is mostly Muslim, asked
rhetorically whether ``no-fly zones'' applied only to
Islamic dictators.
        State Department spokesman Richard Boucher said
later that he was not aware of Ozal's statement so he could
not comment.
        But a Senior State Department official said under
conditions of anonymity that ``we've got six months until
they renew this thing so let's wait.''
        In any case, the official said, the administration's
policy toward the conflict in Bosnia-Herzegovina is
undergoing an extensive review and that the issue is perhaps
President Clinton's top overseas priority.
        The administration is analyzing the impact of
lifting the arms embargo, enforcing the no-fly zone,
tightening sanctions, and using military force to free
detention camp prisoners, the official said.
        Secretary of State Warren Christopher has also
tasked his staff to determine the best manner for proceeding
with prosecution of war crimes committed in Bosnia-
Herzegovina.
        ``We're doing things and we are going to do more
things,'' the official said.
        Such key U.S. allies in the Islamic world as Turkey,
Saudi Arabia, Egypt and Syria face increasing domestic
opposition to their support for enforcement of the no-fly
zones over Iraq in light of the inability of the United
States, France, and Great Britain to stop atrocities being
levied on Muslims by Serbians in Bosnia-Herzegovina.
        The Middle East peace process and enforcement of
sanctions against Iraq, cornerstones of U.S. policy in the
region, may suffer as a result.
        Incirlik Air Base in southern Turkey has been used
by the U.S. Air Force since 1966 to project power in the
Middle East. It proved an invaluable asset to allied combat
aircraft striking at northern Iraq during the Persian Gulf
war and has been equally useful in recent enforcement
actions over the no-fly zone above the 36th parallel.
        Jet fighters and bombers flying out of Saudi Arabia
to strike targets in the north would be forced to run a
gantlet of Iraqi anti-aircraft artillery and missiles.
Furthermore, the distance is great enough that allied
aircraft would have to be refueled in the air to complete
the mission and return.
        The no-fly zones were erected over Iraq to deter
President Saddam Hussein from harassing Kurds in the north
and Shi'ites in the south, who fled there after an aborted
coup attempt following the Gulf war.
        But the Turkish Parliament must renew authorization
for Operation Provide Comfort, which enforces the northern
air-exclusion zone and brings relief supplies to Kurds,
every six months.
        The current authorization runs until June. And Ozal
said the Parliament may not renew it unless the U.N.
Security Council authorizes enforcement of the ban on
Serbian military flights over Bosnia-Herzegovina and lifts
the arms embargo.
        ``If the U.N., the U.S. and its allies do something
in Bosnia, the opposition in Turkey to extend this will come
down,'' Ozal said.

=========================================================================
Subject: Cosic discusses Bosnian war, Macedonia with Greek
leaders

        ATHENS, Greece (UPI) -- Yugoslav President Dobrica
Cosic held discussions with Greek leaders Wednesday on the
war in Bosnia-Herzegovina and the issue of recognition of
the former Yugoslav republic of Macedonia, he told
reporters.
        In Athens on a one-day visit, Cosic met Greek
President Constantine Karamanlis shortly after his arrival
and later held discussions with Prime Minister Constantine
Mitsotakis.
        He told reporters after the meetings that he
discussed the war in Bosnia-Herzegovina and the issue of the
recognition of Macedonia with the two leaders.
        He did not disclose details of the discussions, but
in an earlier interview with Channel 1 of the Greek state
television, he said the new Yugoslav federation would not
recognize Macedonia before the European Community did.
        ``We will do everything we can not to upset Greece,
he said. Athens has blocked EC recognition so long as the
republic insisted on using the name ''Macedonia,`` which is
also the name of an adjacent Greek province.
        Cosic, who heads the rump Yugoslav federation made
up of Serbia and Montenegro, told reporters: ``It is
fortunate that federal Yugoslavia has a friendly country,
Greece, in this difficult period'' when the war in Bosnia-
Herzegovina was raging.
        Both Karamanlis and Mitsotakis had shown great
understanding and pledged ``to stand at our side and lend
moral support in our struggle,'' he said.
        ``We are friends and brothers, both in religion and
on the battlefields,'' and Mitsotakis had assured him Greece
``is trying to help us in all our efforts for peace,'' the
Yugoslav president said.
        ``A tragic war, a war of genocide, a religious war
is in progress in the territory of Yugoslavia,'' and ``the
Muslim element is working intensively'' to internationalize
it, he said.
        ``It is difficult for one to believe that
today...such atrocities are being committed by the Croat
army in Serbian Krajina. It is difficult to imagine that at
the end of the 20th century we have an exodus of 100,000 to
200,00 refugees,'' he said.
        ``We reiterate that it is not necessary for
(Yugoslav) troops to be sent to Krajina,'' Cosic said. But
he warned of unforeseen repercussions if the war in Bosnia-
Herzegovina was not brought to an end soon.
        ``We are convinced the Security Council...will
safeguard the territory seized by the Croats from U.N.
peace-keeping troops. We are certain the Security Council
will protect the U.N. troops from attack,'' he said.
=========================================================================
Subject: Uzbekistan prosecutor wants six-year prison term
for opposition leader

        MOSCOW (UPI) -- A prosecutor in Uzbekistan called
Tuesday for the six-year prison sentence in the trial of an
opposition leader accused of ``insulting the honor and
dignity'' of the leader of the former Soviet republic, the
independent Interfax news agency said.
        The Uzbekistan Supreme Court concluded hearings in
the trial of Abdumannop Pulatov, a leader of the opposition
Birlik (Unity) movement, which was banned late last year by
the country's conservative-dominated Parliament.
        Pulatov has pleaded not guilty to accusations that
he participated in student demonstrations in the Uzbekistan
capital Tashkent last January, during which he allegedly
distributed defaced portraits of President Islam Karimov.
        The court is expected to issue a verdict later in
the week.
        Uzbekistan, the most populous republic in Central
Asia, has faced mounting criticism in the past year for
banning and harassing opposition politicians and arresting
human rights activists.
        Karimov, a former Communist, has headed a government
that has turned increasingly authoritarian since
independence in 1991.
        Uzbekistan's stand on human rights has also come to
the attention of its neighbors in the ex-Soviet Union.
        During a summit of Commonwealth of Independent
States leaders in the Belarus capital Minsk last week,
Uzbekistan argued against including a declaration on human
rights in the C.I.S. charter that it later signed along with
six other republics.
        Relations with neigboring Kyrgyzstan were strained
last year when Uzbek security police kidnapped two human
rights activist in the Kyrgyz capital Bishkek and put them
in jail in Uzbekistan.
=========================================================================
Subject: U.N. refugee cheif says vital aid routes blocked
(in Bosnia)

        ZAGREB, Croatia (UPI) -- The fighting in the former
Yugoslav republics of Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina blocked
U.N. efforts to deliver humanitarian aid to war-torn regions
and increased the flow of refugees, the office of the U.N.
High Commissioner for Refugees said Tuesday.
        Sadako Ogata, an official of the UNHCR, said
fighting between Bosnian Croat and Muslim Slav forces has
shuts vital aid routes, while Serbian shelling in the
southern region of Mostar threatens the main aid corridor
into Bosnia-Herzegovina.
        ``Our convoys have been shelled and shot at, making
it difficult for us to carry out our work,'' Ogata told a
news conference after meeting with Croatian President Franjo
Tudjman and Deputy Prime Minister Mate Granic in Zagreb.
        ``An explosion last night on the mountain Kresevo-
Kiseljak road trapped 22 trucks, and they are still trapped
there now,'' Ogata said. ``We continue to use the Mostar
road to reach central Bosnia, but we are under daily
shelling. Every day at 11 o'clock the shelling starts.''
        Muslim Slav refugees continue to flee from the Serb-
held Banja Luka region in northern Bosnia, with some 10,000
people crossing into Croatia in a 30-day period ending Jan.
15.
        Ogata said a Croatian army offensive to retake Serb-
held territories in southern Croatia also created waves of
refugees.
        Croatia's military leader, Gen. Janko Bobetko, has
claimed the surprise offensive will enable tens of thousands
of Croatian refugees to return to their homes.
        ``It is very important that people return home in
safety and dignity, '' Ogata said. ``I do not think I can
help people to return to conditions attained by force.''
        UNHCR says it is is funneling some 163 metric tons
of aid a day to some of the 600,000 refugees and displaced
persons in Croatia.
=========================================================================
Subject: Bosnian Serbs dismiss U.N. proposal

        GENEVA (UPI) -- Bosnian Serb leader Radovan Karadzic
Tuesday reaffirmed his demand for a ``corridor'' linking
Serb-captured areas in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Croatia with
Serbia, dismissing proposals by U.N. and European Community
mediators for an internationally-controlled highway open to
all.
        ``There must be territorial corridors between the
Serbian state in Bosnia...and Serbia, as well as between
Krajina and Serbia,'' Karadzic told reporters after a
meeting with the co-chairmen of the Geneva peace conference,
Cyrus Vance and Lord David Owen.
        ``Krajina'' is the name of the self-declared state
proclaimed on 35 percent of Croatia by minority Serbian
rebels and the Yugoslav army during the seven-month war
fought in 1991.
        Many of those areas in Croatia abut territories in
Bosnia-Herzegovina overrun by Serbian forces and declared
the independent ``Serbian Republic.''
        The demand for linkages between the Serb-held areas
of Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina lie at the heart of the
goal of communist President Slobodan Milosevic of Serbia to
united all Serbs into a ``Greater Serbia.''
        But, Vance and Owen have rejected the demand for the
corridor in their peace plan for Bosnia-Herzegovina, which
calls for dividing the former Yugoslav republic into 10
largely self-ruling provinces.
        The 1.9 million Muslim Slavs, 1.4 million Christian
Orthodox Serbs and 750,000 Roman Catholic Croats would each
dominate in three provinces, with the 10th around Sarajevo
being neutral.
        Serbian forces currently control the corridor
running from Serbia, through northern Bosnia-Herzegovina, to
Serb-held areas of western Croatia.
        Karadzic reiterated his opposition to a map of the
proposed provincal boundaries that would require his forces
to relinquish control of parts of the corridor.
        Vance and Owen have proposed that a highway running
through the corridor be placed under international control
and made accessible to all.
        But, Karadzic asserted that such a link would be
insufficient and ``meaningless as shown by the events in
Krajina.''
        He was referring to a five-day-old offensive by
Croatian forces to capture strategically important regions
of ``Krajina'' near the central Adriatic port of Zadar.
        The so-called ``Krajina'' state was placed under the
protection of U. N. troops under the Vance-brokered plan
that ended the 1991 war in Croatia.
        Karadzic's statement came as Vance and Owen held a
fourth day of negotiations with Bosnian leaders on the peace
plan for Bosnia-Herzegovina.
        A spokesman for the mediators said that the co-
chairmen would continue their effort to get Muslims Slav,
Serbian and Croat leaders to agree on the map ``until and
unless a brick wall is encountered.''
        Vance and Owen met separately with Karadzic and with
Bosnian President Alija Izetbegovic, a Muslim, and Bosnian
Croat leader Mate Boban.
        Izetbegovic on Monday also rejected the map proposed
by the mediators on grounds it would ``legalize Serbia's
ethnic cleansing'' by giving Bosnian Serbs control over
areas taken by force.
        Acording to the Vance-Owen map, Serbs would have 45
percent of Bosnia's territory. They currently control 70
percent.
        Muslim Slavs, however, would have only 25 percent of
Bosnia despite being the largest ethnic group.
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