From: xu@hydra.maths.unsw.oz.au ()
Subject: CND-Global, January 8, 1993
Organization: school of Mathematics UNSW
Distribution: aus
Date: Fri, 8 Jan 1993 07:45:06 GMT

               * * *  C h i n a   N e w s   D i g e s t  * * *

                                (News Global)

                          Friday, January 8, 1993


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1. News Brief (2 Items) ................................................. 28
2. Chinese Officials Seek to Make Major Changes in Its Military ......... 86
3. China Urges Peaceful Settlement of Iraq Dispute ...................... 21
4. China Welcomes START II, Plans No Similar Nuclear Cuts ............... 34
5. What's in Today's Hua Xia Wen Zhai #93 (cm9301b) ..................... 33
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1. News Brief (2 Items) ................................................. 28
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[UPI, 1/7/1993] BEIJING -- China hinted Thursday it might not proceed with a
scheduled meeting in March between the Chinese and British foreign ministers
and again demanded that Hong Kong's governor scrap his plan  for  democratic
reforms in the British colony. Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Wu Jianmin
said at a weekly news briefing the meeting between Chinese Foreign  Minister
Qian  Qichen  and British Foreign Minister Douglas Hurd "will have to depend
on what the British side will do." The foreign ministers' meeting  has  been
thrown  into  doubt by the furor over China's opposition to the proposals by
Hong Kong Governor Chris Patten to expand democracy in the colony before  it
returns to Chinese sovereignty in 1997. The meeting is slated for Beijing in
March under an agreement between the two nations that their  foreign  minis-
ters meet every six months. The last such session was held last September in
New York. (Forwarded by: Chongyu Hua <hua@engin.umich.edu>)
                                ___ ___ ___

[AP-DJ, 1/7/1993] WASHINGTON -- The U.S.  and  Russia  signed  Wednesday  an
agreement  to  allow scientists to collaborate  in development of massive 54
mile superconducting supercollider now  under  construction  in  Texas,  the
Department  of  Energy  announced.  Under the  pact, Russia will  be able to
participate in the design,  engineering  and  production  of  three  of  the
collider's five booster accelerators, which are used to help speed subatomic
particles for scientific experiments. Russian officials signed the agreement
last  month.  However,  the  U.S.   finalized  the  agreement Wednesday at a
ceremony held by DOE Secretary James Watson and attended by Russia's  ambas-
sador  to the U.S., Vladimir Lukin. China and India are already working with
the U.S. on the estimated 8-billion-dlr project underway in the  Dallas-Fort
Worth area. Russia's collaboration, which involves participation by six labs
should defray about 100 million dollars  of the cost of the project, Watkins
stated. (Forwarded by: Liu Jian)

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2. Chinese Officials Seek to Make Major Changes in Its Military ......... 86
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Forwarded by: Wenfeng
Source: IPS, 1/6/1993

BEIJING -- As China continues to enjoy success with  its  economic  changes,
the  country's  reform-minded leaders have now turned their attention to the
outmoded  and  fractious  army  and  are  attempting  a  wholesale  military
overhaul.

But analysts say they are racing against time as an ongoing  power  struggle
within  the  military threatens to deteriorate into warlordism among various
army commanders once China's senior leader Deng Xiao  Ping  disappears  from
the scene.

"After Deng,  the army  could be like a  group of  dragons without a leader,
"say a Chinese political  scientist.  "It's yet unclear if the  reformers in
the  government  and the  reformers in the  army can  join hands.  The civil
conflict could become complicated and cruel."

Deng, now nearly 90 years old, has fallen ill several times in the past  two
years.

Many Chinese and Western analysts say the army -- pivotal to the power  base
of  the every communist leader in this country for more than four decades --
will be the key to the corridors of Chinese politics after Deng's demise.

Political  experts  believe  this  was a  major  reason  behind  the  recent
reshuffling within the military that saw prominent commissars sidetracked as
professional military soldiers were promoted.

In October, 76-year-old General Liu Huaquing was elevated to  the all power-
ful standing committee of the  Communist  Party and the  consequent  decline
in clout of General Yang Baibing, stepbrother of President Yang Shang-kun.

Liu is a staunch supporter of  Deng's  economic  reforms,  which  have  been
resisted by hardliners within the party. The inclusion of the general in the
politburo has been seen as Deng's way of ensuring that his proteges would be
in effective control even when he is no longer active in politics.

Equally noteworthy in the top brass reshuffle  was  the  recall  of  General
Zhang  Zhen  out of retirement to join the Central Military Commission (CMC)
and the appointment of General Chi Haotian,  former  chief  of  the  general
staff as the defense minister.

While the promotion of elderly officers to high-level  military  posts  seem
incongruous  with the drive to turn the people's army into a modern fighting
force, observers say it points to a leadership vacuum among the younger off-
icers.

It also mirrors China's uncertainty over the country's future after Deng.

"Putting these officers into leadership positions at their age says that the
younger  officers  can't  credibly lead the military the way Deng wants them
to," notes a Western diplomat in  Beijing.  "They  don't  have  the  stature
within the military and society generally."

Analysts add that top military officers were also resentful of the political
excesses  of the Yang brothers in promotions and transfers and moved swiftly
to trim their power.

But they say the yang brothers cannot be entirely counted  out as their hard
line political patrons continue to hold clout within the party.

Still, factional loyalties are expected to weaken in the next five years  as
plans  to  dissolve the seven military areas of the People's Liberation Army
and bring the field armies under the CMC's direct command  get  underway.

Also acting as a check against the  threat  of  army  fragmentation  is  the
military's vested interests in continued economic change.

According to Maoist dictum, each military unit  should  be  self-supporting.
The  military thus operates a massive network of civilian and defence enter-
prises that are currently being streamlined for market  competition  and  to
attract foreign investment.

A Chinese observer also says the younger generation in the  military  favors
economic  reforms. He adds that "the army itself has been commercialized and
can't afford to be alienated from  the  market  economy  it  has  benefitted
from."

The country's economic growth provides the funds to upgrade the army and buy
new weapons, analysts point out.

China has recently been stockpiling its arsenal  with  an  array  of  modern
weapons from Russia and the United States. Last month, President George Bush
lifted Washington's arms sanction against China that was  placed  after  the
1989 Tiananmen massacre.

Expected to  be  shipped to  China  soon is  an already  paid-for-but-frozen
package of U.S. weapons ranging  from anti-submarine torpedoes to  artillery
locating radars.

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3. China Urges Peaceful Settlement of Iraq Dispute ...................... 21
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Forwarded by: Liu Jian
Source: JAPAN ECONOMIC NEWSWIRE, 1/7/1993

BEIJING -- China reacted cautiously Thursday to  a  U.S. inspired  ultimatum
demanding  that  Baghdad  remove antiaircraft  missiles  from  a no-fly zone
patrolled by allied warplanes over southern Iraq.

"Iraq's sovereignty and territorial integrity should be respected,"  Foreign
Ministry spokesman Wu Jianmin said at a weekly news briefing.

China, a permanent member of the U.N. Security Council, has  long  counseled
restraint  in  the region, abstaining from all U.N. votes aimed against Iraq
after it invaded neighboring Kuwait in August 1990.

On Wednesday, the United States, Britain and France gave Iraq  48  hours  to
withdraw  antiaircraft  missiles  which it deployed after U.S warplanes shot
down an Iraqi fighter in the no-fly zone last week.

Iraqi  Deputy  Prime  Minister Tareq  Aziz,  however, Thursday rejected  the
ultimatum by the Western allies,  saying,  "It is Iraq's right to deploy air
defense anywhere in the country," according to the Iraqi News Agency (INA).

Wu said the developments in southern Iraq give cause for grave  concern  but
gave no indication of how China might react if the issue is taken before the
United Nations.

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4. China Welcomes START II, Plans No Similar Nuclear Cuts ............... 34
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Forwarded by: Liu Jian
Source: JAPAN ECONOMIC NEWSWIRE, 1/7/1993

BEIJING -- China said  Thursday  that  existing  nuclear  weapons  reduction
treaties  between  Russia  and the United States must be implemented in full
and additional key conditions met before Beijing can contemplate joining the
arms reduction process.

Foreign Ministry spokesman Wu Jianmin  told  a  weekly  news  briefing  that
although China welcomes last Sunday's signing in Moscow of the START II arms
reduction treaty, the time is not yet ripe for Beijing  to  take  reciprocal
measures.

"Even after the  implementation  of START II,  the quantity  and  quality of
nuclear weapons in the United States and Russia still far outstrips those of
other nuclear powers," Wu said, stressing that  China  is  a  minor  nuclear
power.

"We have always stood for a complete prohibition and thorough destruction of
nuclear weapons but to achieve this objective the countries with the largest
nuclear arsenals bear special responsibilities and obligations," he said.

"They should  continue  to take  the lead in  substantially  cutting back on
nuclear weapons including the testing, improvement production and deployment
of nuclear weapons, terminating the development of outer space  weapons  and
undertaking  unconditionally  not  to  be  the  first to use nuclear weapons
against nonnuclear states and in nuclear free zones," he said.

"That will create the conditions for all nuclear weapons states  to  jointly
achieve a complete and thorough nuclear disarmament."

The START II accord sets a nuclear weapons ceiling  of  3,500  warheads  for
each side within the next 10 years.

But  analysts  say  China is  well aware  that START II  cannot  be properly
implemented until its forerunner, START I,  takes full effect.  This process
has been slowed by the  three other former Soviet republics which still have
clear weapons stationed on their soil.

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5. What's in Today's Hua Xia Wen Zhai #93 (cm9301b) ..................... 33
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>From: CND Hua Xia Wen Zhai Editorial Board <cnd-cm@sdsc.edu>

                             Hua Xia Wen Zhai
                          (CND Chinese Magazine)
                                Issue #93
                             January 8, 1993

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                       Table of Contents (cm9301b)
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1. Intellectuals: Ups and Downs in the Ocean of Business....Xu Lie & Lin Wei
2. Headline News of the Week.......................................Dai Lixin
3. Figure: Writer Wang Shuo (Part 2 of 2)......................Wang Zhaoqian
   Appendex: Wang Shuo on Himself and Chinese People..............Liu Xiaobo
4. Prose: On Peacefulness and Composedness.........................Wang Meng
5. History: Daughter of the Minister of Public Security on Qincheng Prison..
   ...................................................................Li Hui
            Deng Xiaoping Running Business in France........................
   .............................................Shanghai Xinmin Evening News
6. Response to Dai Qing's Comment on "The Scholar and Fruit Cans".....Su Wei
7. Information Exchange: Free Massages to China Via CRI.............Li Xiang
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        CND-CM Executive Editor: Hua Xinmin < cnd-cm@sdsc.edu >
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