From: jkp@cs.HUT.FI (Jyrki Kuoppala)
Subject: War on Rights: Pittsburgh 1991 Articles - pt.III
Reply-To: jkp@cs.HUT.FI (Jyrki Kuoppala)
Organization: Helsinki University of Technology, Finland
Date: Thu, 19 Nov 1992 00:19:59 GMT

A repost from alt.drugs,talk.politics.drugs:

From: civl097@csc.canterbury.ac.nz
Subject: Pittsburgh 1991 article pt.III
Organization: University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
Date: Tue, 17 Nov 1992 21:12:07 GMT

This is a repost of the 1991 posting:

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Well the response to these articles continues to be great. I am quite
happy. Again, I have some more comments.

Several of you have said that there have been similar features in
other papers, such as the St. Louis Dispatch, some unspecified papers
in Minnesota and San Jose, the New York Times, and others. Most of you
have been very helpful, but some of you have berated the efforts of
the Pittsburgh Press as being "copy-cat" and behind the times. One
person asked if tie-dye's were still in fashion in Pittsburgh. If you
know of other similar pieces in major papers across the country,
please bring them to my attention. Be as specific as you can, please.

About copyrights....these articles are copyrighted by the
Scripps-Howard news service, the parent company of the Press. I called
the Press and tried to obtain permission. I explained as best I could
about the net, and I did nothing but confuse them. One person I talked
to said, "We try to support academic things as best we can, but we'll
have to talk to [someone] to see about putting it on a news service
wire. What's the name of your company again, Inter-what?" On the
strength of that statement, as meaningless as it is, I'm posting these
articles. Besides, I have firm belief that I am in no way harming
sales of the Press. Someone there has promised to call me back. Of
course, all typos are mine. 

Remember, this was originally on misc.legal and alt.drugs, so no need
to put it there again. /Bernie\, cosell@bbn.com  is putting them on
talk.politics.drugs, so wait at least a day or two to put them there
if you don't see them. And again, don't post them to inappropriate
places, regardless of how important you think it is.

About the other articles in the Press relating to this subject: NO, I
will not type them in. 

The timing of this series is especially cool. The national Fraternal
Order of Police is having a convention here in town, with visits by
Bob Martinez, and King Bush.  

The thing about this article that surprized me the most was the utter
calousness shown by some of the agents. Read on....


Shawn
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The Pittsburgh Press, Tuesday, August 13, 1991

The following article appeared as the HEADLINE on the FRONT PAGE

		P R E S U M E D   G U I L T Y 
	    The Law's Victims in the War on Drugs

	Police profit by seizing homes of innocent

by Andrew Schneider and Mary Pat Flaherty

Part Three: Innocent owners

	The second time police came to the Hawaii home of Joseph and
Frances Lopes, they came to take it. 

	"They were in a car and a van. I was in the garage. They said,
'Mrs. Lopes, let's go into the house, and we will explain things to
you.' They sat in the dining room and told me they were taking the
house. It made my heart beat very fast."

	For the rest of the day, 60-year-old Frances and her
65-year-old husband, Joseph, trailed federal agents as they walked
through every room of the Maui house, the agents recording the
position of every piece of furniture on a video-tape that serves as
the government's inventory.

	Four years after their mentally unstable adult son pleaded
guilty to growing marijuana in their back yard for his own use, the
Lopeses face the loss of their home. A Maui detective trolling for
missed forfeiture opportunities spotted the old case. He recognized
that the law allowed him to take away their property because they knew
their son had committed a crime on it. 

	A forfeiture law intended to strip drug traffickers of
ill-gotten gains often is turned on people, like the Lopeses, who have
not committed a crime. The incentive for police to do that is
financial, since the federal government and most states let the police
departments keep the proceeds from what they take. 

	The law tries to temper maoney-making temptations with
protections for innocent owners, including lien-holders, landlords
whose tennants misuse property, or people unaware of their spouse's
misdeeds. The protection is supposed to cover anyone with an interest
in a property who can prove he did not know about the alleged illegal
activity, did not consent to it, or took all reasonable steps to
prevent it. 

	But a Pittsburgh Press investigation found that those supposed
safeguards do not come into play until after the government takes an
asset, forcing innocent owners to hire attorneys to get their property
back -- if they ever do. 

	"As if the law weren't bad enough, they just clobber you
financially," says Wayne Davis, an attorney from Little Rock, Ark.

Feared for their son

	In 1987, Thomas Lopes, who was then 28 and living in his
parents' home, pleaded guilty to growing marijuana in their back yard.
Officers spotted it from a helicopter. 

	Because it was his first offense, Thomas recieved probation
and an order to see a psychologist. From the time he was young, mental
problems tormented Thomas, and though he visited a psychologist as a
tenn, he had refused to continue as he grew older, his parents say. 

	Instead, he cloistered himself in his bedroom, leaving only to
tend the garden. 

	"We did ask him to stop, and he would say, 'Don't touch it',
of he would do something to himself," says the elder Lopes, who worked
on a sugar plantation and lived in its rented camp housing for 30
years while he saved to buy his own home.

	Given Thomas' history, and a family history of mental problems
that caused a grandparent and an uncle to be committed to
institutions, the threats stymied his parents. 

	The Lopeses, says their attorney Matthew Metnzer, "were under
duress. Everyone who has been diagnosed in this family ended up being
taken away. They could not conceive of any way of getting rid of the
dope, without getting rid of their son, or losing him forever."

	When police arrived to arrest Thomas, "I was so happy because
I knew he would get care," says his mother. He did, and he continues
weekly doctor visits. His mood is better, Mrs. Lopes says, and he had
never again grown marijuana or been arrested. 

	But his guilty plea haunts his family. 

	Because his parents admitted they knew what he was doing,
their home was vulnerable to forfeiture. 

	Back when Thomas was arrested, police rarely took homes. But
since, agencies have learned how to use the law, and have seen the
financial payoff, says Assistant U.S. Attorney Marshall Silverberg, of
Honolulu. 

	The also carefully review old cases for overlooked forfeiture
possibilities, he says. The detective who uncovered the LLopes case
started a forfeiture action in February -- just under the five-year
deadline for staking such a claim. 

	"I concede the time lapse on this case is longer than most,
but there was a violation of the law, and that makes this appropriate,
not money-grubbing," says Silverberg. "The other way to look at this,
you know, is that the Lopeses could be happy we let them live there
as long as we did."

	They don't see it that way. 

	Neither does their attorney, who says his firm now has about
eight similar forfeiture cases, all of them stemming from small-time
crimes that occured years ago but were resurected. "Digging these
cases out now is a business proposition, not law enforcement," Menzer
says. 

	"We thought it was all behind us," says Lopes. Now, "there
isn't a day I don't think about what will happen to us."

	They remain in the house, paying taxes and mortgage, until the
forfeiture case is resolved. Given court backlogs, that won't likely
be until the middle of next year, Menzer says. 

	They've been warned to leave everything as it was when the
videotape was shot. 

	"When they were going out the door," Mrs. Lopes says of the
police, "they told me to take good care of the yard. They said they
would be coming back one day."

'Dumb judgement'


Protections for innocent owners are "a neglected issue in federal and
state forfeiture law," concluded the Police Executive Research Forum
in its March bulletin. 

	But a chief policy maker on forfeiture maintains that the
system is actively interested in protecting the rights of the
innocent. 

	George J. Terwilliger III, associate deputy general in the
Justice Department, admits that there may be instances of 'dumb
judgement.' And says if there's a 'systemic' problem, he'd like to
know about it. 

	But attorneys who battle forfeiture cases say dumb judgement
is the systemic problem. And they point to some of Terwilliger's own
decisions as examples. 

	The forfeiture policy that Terwilliger crafts in the nation's
capital he puts to use in his other federal job: U.S. attorney for
Vermont. 

	A coalition of Vermont residents, outraged by Terwilliger's
forfeitures of homes in which small children live, launched a
grass-roots movement called "Stop Forfeiture of Children's Homes."
Three months old, the group has about 70 members from school
principals to local medical societies. 

	Forfeitures are a particularly sensitive issue in Vermont
where state law forbids taking a person's primary home. That
restriction appears nowhere in federal law, which means Vermont police
departments can circumvent the state constraint by taking forfeiture
cases through federal courts.

	The playmaker for that end-run: Terwilliger.

	"It's government sponsored child abuse that's destroying the
future of children all over this state in the name of fighting the
drug war," says Dr. Kathleen DePierro, a family practitioner who works
at Vermont State Hospital, a psychiatric facility in Waterbury. 

	The children of Karen and Reggie Lavallee, ages 6, 9 and 11,
are precisely the type of victims over which the Vermonters agonize.
Reggie Lavalle is serving a 10-year sentence in a federal prison in
Minnesota for cocaine possesion. 

	Because police said he had been involved in drug trafficking,
his conviction cost his family their ranch house on 2 acres in a small
village 20 miles east of Burlington. For the first time, the family is
on welfare, in a rented duplex. 

	"I don't condone what my husband did, but why victimize my
children because of his actions? That house wasn't much, but it was
ours. It was a home for the children, with rabbits, chicken, turkeys
and a vegetable garden. Their friends were their and they liked the
school," says Mrs. Lavallee, 29.

	After the eviction, "every night for months, Amber cried
because she couldn't see her friends. I'd like to see the government
tell this 9-year-old that this isn't cruel and unusual punishment."

	Terwilliger's dual role particularly troubles DePierro. "It's
horrifying to know he's setting policy that could expand this type of
terror and abuse to kids in every state in the nation."

	Terwilliger calls the groups allegations absurd. "If there was
someone to blame, it would be the parents and not the government."

	Lawyers like John MacFadyen, a defense attorney in Providence,
R.I., find it harder to fix blame. 

	"The flaw with the innocent owner thing is that life doesn't
paint itself in black and white. It's oftentimes gray, and there is no
room for gray in these laws," MacFadyen says. As a consequence,
prosecutors presume everyone guilty and leave it to them to show
otherwise. "That's not good judgement. In fact, if defies common
sense."

Proving innocence

Innocent owners who defend their interests expose themselves to
questioning that bores deep into their private affairs. Because the
forfeiture law is civil, they also have no protection against self
incrimination, which means they risk having anything they say used
against them later. 

	The documentation required of innocent owner Loretta Stearns
illustrates how deeply the government plumbs. 

	The Connecticut woman lent her adult son $40,000 in 1988 to
but a home in Tequesta, Fla., court documents show. 

	Unlike many parents who treat such transactions informally,
she had the foresight to record the loan as a mortgage with Palm Beach
County. Her action ultimately protected her interest in the house
after the federal government seized it, claiming her son stored
cocaine there. He has not been charged criminally. 

	The seizure occured in November, and it took until last May
before Mrs. Stearns convinced the government she had a legitimate
interest in the house. 

	To prove herself an innocent owner, Mrs. Stearns met 14
requests for information, including providing "all documents of any
kind whatsoever pertaining to your mortgage, including but not limited
to, loan application, credit reports, record of mortgage and mortgage
payments, title reports, appraisal reports, closing documents, records
of any liens, attachments on the defendant's property, records of
payments, cancelled checks, internal correspondence or notes
(handwritten or typed) relating to any of the above and opinion letter
from borrower's or lender's counsel relating to any of the above." 

	And that was just question No. 1.

Landlord as cop

	Innocent owners are supposed to be sheilded in forfeitures,
but at times they've been expected to become virtual cops in order to
protect their property from seizure. 

	T.T. Masonry Inc. owns a 36-unit apartment building in
Milwaukee, Wis. that's plauged by dope dealing. Between January, 1990,
when it bought the building, and July 1990, when the city formally
warned it about problems, the landlord evicted 10 tenants suspected of
drug use, gave a master key to local beat and vice cops, forwarded
tips to police, and hired two security firms -- including an off-duty
police officer -- to patrol the building. 

	Despite that effort, the city seized the property. 

	Assistant City Attorney David Stanosz says "oce a property
develops a reputation as a place to buy drugs, the only way to fix
that is to leave it totally vacant for a number of months. This
landlord doesn't want to do that."

	Correct, says Jerome Buting, attorney for Tom Torp of Masonry.

	"If this building is such a atarget for dealers, use that
fact," says Buting. "Let undercover people go in. But when I raised
that, the answer was they were short of officers and resources."

It looks like coke

	Grady McClendon, 53, his wife, two of their adult children and
two grandchildren -- 7 and 8 -- were in a rented car headed to their
Florida home in August 1989. They were returning from a family reunion
in Dublin, Ga.

	In Fitzgerald, Ga., McClendon made a wrong turn on a one-way
street. Local police stopped him, checked his identification, and
asked his permission to search the car. He agreed. 

	Within minutes, police pulled open suitcases and purses,
emptying-out jewelry and about 10 Florida state lottery tickets. They
also found a registered handgun. 

	Then, says McClendon, the police "started waving a little
stick they said was cocaine. They told me to put on my glasses and
take a good look. I told them I'd never seen cocaine for real, but
that didn't look like TV."

	For about six hours, police detained the McClendon family at
the police station where officers seized $2,300 in cash and other
items as "instruments of drug activity and gambling paraphernalia" --
a reference to the lottery tickets. 

	Finally, the gave the McClendon's a traffic ticket and
released them, but kept the family possessions. 

	For 11 months, McClendon's attorney argued with the state,
finally forcing it to produce lab test results on the "cocaine."

	James E. Turk, the prosecutor who handled the case, will say
only "it came back negative."

	"That's because it was bubble gum," says Jerry Froelich,
McClendon's attorney. A judge returned the McClendon's items. 

	Turk considers the search "a good stop. They had no proof of
where they lived beyond drivers' licenses. They had jewelry that could
have been contraband, but we couldn't prove it was stolen. And they
had more cash than I would expect them to carry."

	McClendon says, "I didn't see anything wrong with them assking
to search me. That's their job. But the rest of it was wrong, wrong,
wrong."

Seller, beware

	Owners who press the government for damages are rare. Those
who do are often helped by attorneys who forgo their usual fees
because of their own indignation over the law. 

	For nearly a decade, the lives of Carl and Mary Shelden of
Moraga, Calif., have been intertwined with the life of a convicted
criminal who happened to buy their house. 

	The complex litigation began when the Shelden's sold their
home in 1979, but took back a deed of trust from the buyer -- an
arrangement that made the Shelden's a mortgage holder on the house. 

	Four years later the buyer was arrested and convicted of
running an interstate prostitution ring. His property, including the
home on which the Shelden's held the mortgage, was forfeited. The
criminal, pending his appeal, went to jail, but the government allowed
his family to live in the home rent-free.

	Panicked when they read about the arrest in the newspaper, the
Shelden's discovered they couldn't forclose against the government and
couldn't collect mortgage payments from the criminal. 

	After tortuous court appearances, the Shelden's got back the
home in 1987, but discovered it was so severelt damaged while in
government control that they can now stick their hands between the
bricks near the front door. 

	The home the Shelden's sold in 1979 for $289,000 was valued at
$115,500 in 1987 and now needs nearly $500,000 in repairs, the
Sheldens say, chiefly from uncorrected drainage problems that caused a
retaining wall to let loose and twist apart the main house. 

	Disgusted, they returned to court, saying their Fifth
Amaendment rights had been violated. The amendment prohibits the
taking of private property for public use without just compensation.
Their attorney, Brenda Grantland of Washington, D.C., argues that when
the government seized the property but failed to sell it promptly and
pay off the Sheldens, it violated their rights. 

	Between 1983 and today, the Sheldens have defended their
mortgage through every type of court: forclosures, U.S. District
Court, Bankruptcy, U.S. Claims. 

	In January, 1990, a federal judge issued an opinion agreeing
the Sheldens rights had been violated. The government asked the judge
to reconsider, and he agreed. A final opinion has not been issued. 

	"It's been a roller coaster," says Mrs. Shelden, 46. A
secretary, she is the family's breadwinner. Shelden, 50, was
permanently disbaledwhen he broke his back in 1976  while repairing
his home. Because he was unable to work, the couple couldn't afford
the house, so they sold it -- the act that pitched them into their
decade-long legal quagmire. 

	They've tried to rent the damaged home to a family -- a real
estate agent showed it 27 times with no takers -- then resorted to
rewnting to college students, then room-by-room boarders. Finally,
they and their children, ages 21 and 16, moved back in.

	"We owe Brenda (Grantland) thousands at this point, but she's
really been a doll," says Shelden. "Without people like her, people
like us wouldn't stand a chance."-- 
Shawn Valentine Hernan		  |Wizard-wanna-be           |    STOP 
Computing and Information Services|Systems & Networks        |the war on drugs!
University of Pittsburgh	  |valentin@unix.cis.pitt.edu|   It is a 
(412) 624-6425			  |valentin@PITTVMS.BITNET   |  WITCHHUNT!
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reposted by:-
Brandon Hutchison,University of Canterbury,Christchurch
                  New Zealand

Newsgroups: alt.society.civil-liberty,alt.activism,alt.politics.usa.constitution,soc.history,talk.politics.theory