HDTenEightyP/NetNews huggingface dataset:
From: mary@Cayman.COM (Mary Malmros)
Newsgroups: rec.martial-arts
Subject: Re: Weapons in martial arts...
Date: 16 Nov 92 01:31:08 GMT
	<MARY.92Nov12092856@martinique.Cayman.COM> <74262@apple.apple.COM>
Distribution: ne
Organization: Cayman Systems Inc., Cambridge, MA
In-reply-to: mikel@Apple.COM's message of 13 Nov 92 22:44:12 GMT


In article <74262@apple.apple.COM> mikel@Apple.COM (Mikel Evins) writes:

  >In article <MARY.92Nov12092856@martinique.Cayman.COM> mary@Cayman.COM (Mary Malmros) writes:
  >>In article <74162@apple.apple.COM> mikel@Apple.COM (Mikel Evins) writes:
  >>   Lots of martial arts styles teach weapons. Kung Fu styles and
  >>           ^^^^^^^^^^^^
  >>   Ninjutsu, in particular, include lots of weapons. I believe that
  >>   most of the Japanese arts emphasize weapons less, in part because
  >>   ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  >>   there are such well-developed martial arts style devoted specifically
  >>                  ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  >>   to weapons (such as kenjutsu and kyudo).
  >>Ass-backwards statement, Mikel.  Japanese arts emphasize weapons less, 
  >>because...because, there are Japanese arts that are devoted to weapons.
  >
  >Thanks for the clarification, Mary. When I typed the post, I thought
  >it said what you said. Obviously some scrambling occurred on
  >the way from brain to fingers.

*grin*  I knew what you meant, Mikel...EMPTY-HAND Japanese arts, obviously.
Probably shouldn't have wasted bandwidth on it.

We now return you to your regular stream of consciousness.

--
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Mary Malmros     | Cayman Systems Inc, 26 Landsdowne St, Cambridge, MA 02139
 mary@cayman.com  | Phone 617-494-1999  Fax 617-494-5167  AppleLink CAYMAN.TECH
From: scheid@danzan.EBay.Sun.COM (David Scheid)
Newsgroups: rec.martial-arts
Subject: Re: Jujitsu
Date: 23 Nov 1992 19:06:18 GMT
Organization: Sun Microsystems, Inc.
Distribution: world
Reply-To: scheid@danzan.EBay.Sun.COM
NNTP-Posting-Host: danzan.ebay.sun.com

In article 508@bradford.ac.uk, D.G.Legros@bradford.ac.uk (DG LEGROS) writes:
>
>After some extensive research, I have found out that Samurai Ryu, is the
>WESTERN name for the art.  It is formally called Shorinju Ryu, and it
>originated in Japan. 

The only name I can relate the above to is Shorinji Ryu - one of the original
styles of Okinawan Karate/Kempo. It is descended from China, not Japan. It
probably has many similiarities to Jujutsu (based on what I've seen of
early Kempo styles), but is not of Japanese origin.

---
Dave Scheid - All Disclaimers Apply


Newsgroups: rec.martial-arts
From: mhirsch@volkl.princeton.edu (Michael Hirsch)
Subject: Re: Hsing I Kung Fu
Originator: news@nimaster
Organization: Princeton University Department of Computer Science
Date: Tue, 17 Nov 1992 19:53:38 GMT

>>>>> On 16 Nov 92 17:56:09 GMT, david@xlnt.com (David Johnson) said:

DJ> In article <1992Nov6.185306.3511@seas.gwu.edu>, yfkimura@seas.gwu.edu (Yusuke F. Kimura) writes:
> 	I've always been interested: what's the real difference between the >so-called "hard" martial arts, and the "soft" ones, like Hsing I or Tai Chi or >even Aikido?

DJ> What is so soft about xing yi?

Nothing, according to the best definition I have seen of hard/soft.  I
think it is time for reposting of Michael Robinson's wonderful
definitions:

>>>>> On 1 Mar 92 21:02:16 GMT, robinson@cogsci.berkeley.edu (Michael Robinson) said:

MR> This is intended to be the definitive definition on the subject.
MR> Anyone who disagrees is welcome to come up with something better.

MR> ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
MR> Pertaining to the martial arts:

MR> Internal:  Characterizes an art which develops power and effectiveness
MR>            primarily through sensitivity and fine coordination of muscular
MR>            tension/relaxation.  Emphasis is on body awareness.

MR> External:  Characterizes an art which derives effectiveness from geometric
MR>            and anatomical principles and strength/endurance training.  
MR>            Emphasis is on the coordination and application of "proper"
MR>            technique.

MR> Soft:  Characterizes an art which emphasizes tangential motion and employs 
MR>        redirection of the opponent's action as the basis for technique.

MR> Hard:  Characterizes an art which emphasizes direct motion, and develops the
MR>        delivery of power into the opponent as the basis for technique.


MR> For example,

MR> Shotokan:  Hard, external
MR> Judo:      Soft, external
MR> Hsing-I:   Hard, internal
MR> Pa Kua:    Soft, internal

MR> Aikido: Soft, somewhere between external and internal depending on the school
MR> T'ai Chi: Combining hard and soft depending on the style/school, internal

--


Michael D. Hirsch		mhirsch@cs.princeton.edu    
Computer Science Department	Voice: (609) 258-1751       
Princeton NJ, 08544		FAX:   (609) 258-1771
From: richard@paragon.folly.welly.gen.nz (Richard Parry)
Newsgroups: rec.martial-arts
Subject: Charging for training?
Date: Tue, 17 Nov 92 12:24:50 GMT
Reply-To: parry_r@kosmos.wcc.govt.nz
Distribution: world
Organization: Masterful Enterprises UnLimited.


In article <1992Nov15.195054.27141@kakwa.ucs.ualberta.ca> anderson@fermi.phys.ualberta.ca writes:

 > >    We pretty much feel that if you are making money out of a love of
 > >    something (take that however you like), you are indeed cheapening it.
 >                 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 > Interesting attitude. I love physics and I make a (meager) living out of 
 > doing it. I don't really feel like I'm cheapening it. By your philosophy,

Like I said, take that however you like.  You devote yourself selflessly
(maybe I should qrite Mills & Boon for a living :) to something, paying
very little to your sempai, and then suddenly start your own club and
charge heaps.

Hm.  Interesting attitude.

 > if anyone has a job doing something they love they should give up the job
 > so that they can get one doing something they don't love and then just 
 > pursue the thing they love on a hobby level.

Not _exactly_ what I said...

 > All the best. Hope your doing something you dislike suitably for a living.

No worries... ;)

Perhaps I shouldn'y have brought this topic up.  Seems that NZers agree
with me, and the US guys don't like haveing the blantantly obvious shown
to them.

It's a common catch phrase down here...:

        "Let's get our shodans and Intructors' Certs, and go to the
        States to teach!"
From: drunen@nucleus.ps.uci.edu (Eric Van Drunen)
Subject: Re: Kicking with instep vs. ball
Newsgroups: rec.martial-arts
Organization: University of California, Irvine
Date: 16 Nov 92 21:04:47 GMT

Kicking with the instep or ball are suprisingly different.  The instep is a bit faster, gives you about 4 in. more reach, but it also has a larger and softer striking surface.  The ball is a bit stronger, gives you about 4 in. more DEPTH in the kick, and the striking surface is harder and smaller.  I'm thinking about the roundhouse kick in particular.  This makes the instep nice for a fake, or for sparing against an opponent that likes to slip, since the speed and extra distance work for you.  Since the st




riking surface is large, it also makes a good stunning blow.  The ball kick is better suited for an opponent that blocks.  The extra depth you get may get far enough behind the block to do damage.  Especially if you can switch from an instep to ball as you get to mislead your opponent.  The extra power also may be able to move the block.  The larger area of an instep kick just makes it easier to block, and then for your opponent to do damage to the top of your foot (if you're barefoot).

As a side note, changing striking surfaces also works well on an axe-kick.  Usually opponents will try to slip, moving just their shoulders and upper-chest out of the way.  Extending the ball of your foot (assuming your original striking surface was your heel) as your kick misses their shoulder, you get do some nice damage to the groin as you come down.

Eric Van Drunen
drunen@nucleus.ps.uci.edu
From: ttk@ucscb.UCSC.EDU (the troglodyte killer)
Newsgroups: rec.martial-arts
Subject: Re: question about history of different styles
Date: 20 Nov 92 15:51:50 GMT
Organization: University of California; Santa Cruz
NNTP-Posting-Host: ucscb.ucsc.edu


>Where does Aikido come from?  What are the origins of MA's in Japan?  
>Obviously China, but from what styles or combinations of styles?  
>Could anyone clear this up?  Thanx a lot in advance.
 
     I don't know about Aikido, but Karate (usually considered a 
"Japanese" martial art) originated in Okinawa.  Admittedly most of 
the techniques were imported from China, but the Okinawans managed 
to tailor the techniques for their own needs..
 
     I forget the exact date (I think it was sometime between the 
3rd and 10th century, my memory for dates is pretty lousy), but at 
some point Japan launched an attack on some part of China.  
They lost (and badly), and in retreat the they tried to stop at 
Okinawa to take on supplies and repair their ships before going on 
to Japan.  The Okinawans didn't like this, and didn't let them, 
forcing the beaten Japanese invasion force to sail to Japan with 
beat-up ships and crew.
 
     Sometime later (less than a generation later) the Japanese 
annexed the Okinawan archepeligo(sp?) and forbade its people from 
possessing weapons.  The Okinawans didn't like this, and developed 
new fighting styles around farming tools (nunchaku, tonfa, et al) 
and devices not readily recognizable as weapons (paddle, sai, et 
al) and developed their unarmed fighting style (Karate).  
Together, the unarmed and armed styles comprise the Okinawan 
Kobujutsu..
 
     I'm relating all of this from memory, so if I screwed up 
please let me know.
 
/---\ /---\ /=   /   ttk@ucscb.UCSC.EDU (the troglodyte killer)
  =     =    = /    "Home is a place that keeps the rain off my computer"
  =     =    = \     B0 f- t+ w- g k s- m+ r- p-(++)     ______
  =     =    =   \                      silence = death   \bi/
                                                           \/
Newsgroups: rec.martial-arts
From: schan@birch.srg.af.mil (Stephen Chan x4485)
Subject: Re: Chi
Organization: SRG, Arinc Research Corp., Annapolis, MD
Date: Mon, 16 Nov 92 14:16:45 GMT

In article <1992Nov14.045513.24368@ucsu.Colorado.EDU> fcrary@ucsu.Colorado.EDU (Frank Crary) writes:
>In article <BxMux8.AuB@news.cs.andrews.edu> maierj@edmund.cs.andrews.edu (Joey Maier) writes:
>>(Chi-kung = "study chi")
>
>I think "training" might be a better translation than "study"...

	I'd suggest "work" as a translation for 'kung".


--
	Stephen Chan
	uunet!srg!schan or uunet!srg!schan@uunet.uu.net
From: dunger@crsa.bu.edu (David Unger)
Newsgroups: rec.martial-arts
Subject: Re: new SEAL book title?
Date: 23 Nov 92 16:42:34 GMT
Organization: Boston University Center for Remote Sensing


	The book is called "Rogue Warrior" and it is written
by the founder of the Counterterrorist Unit Seal Team Six,
Richard Marcinko.  I am reading it right now and it's excellent.
If you want any more info let me know.

dunger@crsa.bu.edu
From: ras@athena.mit.edu (Richard A Shandross)
Newsgroups: rec.martial-arts
Subject: Re: Getting to grappling range.
Keywords: grappling, judo
Date: 15 Nov 92 18:26:28 GMT
Organization: Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Scott:

Snipping helps the person who has not read the original post to know what was
said.  What's your objection to it?

Any chance your skills in dodging are good enough to dance away from the
opponent's fist but towards his/her inside range?  That would be a Tai Chi
way to do it.   For example, opponent punches with right arm, you move to your
_right_ - *after* oppon. commits to the punch - and step in.  Even possibly
making a second step which gets your other foot behind him to topple him.

As for covering the upper arm, one can get a good jolt from a punch which is
delivered with a minimum of movement, so long as the whole body moves in an
integrated way; ie, careful.  Also, a good fighter can sometimes jolt you with
the shoulder if the arm is impeded. 

The upper arms are only more accessible if the opponent is unskilled with
his/her hands, or as I noted above, has committed the hands in an attack.  Your
window of opportunity is small; you have to be very sensitive and have good
reflexes, without telegraphing your movement yourself.

As for kicks, I think it depends on the speed of the person's kicks, and how
rooted he/she is in delivering them.  If the person is slow, one can get
directly in to grappling range by jamming the kick at its inception.  If the
person is not stable in the supporting leg, the kick is weak and one can likely
take much of the impact in an unsensitive area, such as the thigh or even the
side of the body though the latter is a bit of a gamble.  (The best bet for a
weak high kick is to catch it on the arm or with the hand, and keep moving
forward - you will unbalance and probably even topple the kicker.)  Don't
rush in testicles first. :-)  If the person is fast and strong, you can do
the dodging and entering trick I mentioned above for handwork.

Rich
From: poore@dirac.scri.fsu.edu (David Poore)
Newsgroups: rec.martial-arts
Subject: Re: rec.martial-arts.humor
Date: 18 Nov 92 22:00:23 GMT
Reply-To: poore@dirac.scri.fsu.edu (David Poore)
Organization: Florida State University

In article <1992Nov18.171850.24022@craycos.com> sog@craycos.com (Steve Gombosi) writes:
>In article <1992Nov17.210759.21827@athena.mit.edu> ras@athena.mit.edu (Richard A Shandross) writes:
>>In article <1248@xlnt.COM> david@xlnt.com (David Johnson) writes:
>>>and the testee was asked by the teacher which is more important, timing
>>Yes, I've *always* maintained that when it comes to the testes, timing is
>>**very** important.  (One prefers a glansing blow to a direct kick in the
>                                     ^^^^^^^^
>Cute.
>Very cute.

Yes, but what I want to know is....

That direct kick you refer to...is it done with the instep or the ball?

David Poore
poore@dirac.scri.fsu.edu
From: jo.lavoy%theweb@meaddata.com (Jo Lavoy) 
Newsgroups: rec.martial-arts
Subject: RE: NINJA YELLOW PAGES!
Date: 21 Nov 92 19:36:00 GMT
Distribution: world
Organization: The Web BBS 1-513-436-9011 6 Lines 1200 News groups 50,000 files!
Reply-To: jo.lavoy%theweb@meaddata.com (Jo Lavoy) 

I'm new to this BBS and this NET.  I noted the mention of the "Ninja
Yellow Pages".  The thing is, even with the pages, "let the buyer
beware".  All ninja schools and teachers are not created equal.  I have
seen this book and some of those advertising are outright fakes.
Please, if you try to find a ninjutsu school, be sure of your teacher's
credentials.  Don't fall for the "OH, my master didn't belive in giving
certificates" or the "Oh, my teacher died before he could pass on the
scrolls to me."  There is only one acknowledged Grandmaster of ninjutsu
around, and that's Grandmaster Masaaki Hatsumi in Japan.  But even then,
many of those schools who's students jet to Japan for their give-away
black belts are not what a serious student should seek out.  Sad to say,
even the Bujinkan label is not enough any more.
   There is a great deal more to ninjutsu than just physical techniques.
If the school you are looking at offers just those and no teachings of
the mental/spiritual techniques, then you would do well to look
elsewhere (IF, of course, you are interested in the total art of NINPO
and not just some physical techniques).
From: wrat@unisql.UUCP (wharfie)
Newsgroups: rec.martial-arts
Subject: Re:  Aikido, jujutsu, aiko-jutsu, etc...
Date: 23 Nov 92 15:58:23 GMT
Organization: UniSQL, Inc., Austin, Texas, USA

In article <74585@apple.apple.COM> mikel@Apple.COM (Mikel Evins) writes:
>and in sparring to see people attmpting [...] flying scissors, leg-locks, 
>standing knee-locks, [...] dives, and so on.

	How do you practice these techniques safely?
									wr
From: toman@darkwing.uoregon.edu (Joseph Toman)
Newsgroups: rec.martial-arts
Subject: Re: some questions
Date: 18 Nov 92 03:03:59 GMT
Article-I.D.: nntp.1992Nov18.030359.13408
Organization: University of Oregon Network Services

In article <MHIRSCH.92Nov17132837@volkl.princeton.edu> mhirsch@volkl.princeton.edu (Michael Hirsch) writes:
>It sounds to me like your Aikido friend has missed the prat about
>blending and harmonizing.  I consider it very unlike a Real Aikidoka
>(TM) to argue with someone about the worth of their art.  Even if
>someone starts attacking Aikido, you must learn to get off the line of
>attack and blend with it, not counterattack.  

Then again, Michael, if there were that many Real Aikidoka (TM) around,
we wouldn't have all this bullshit aiki-politics stuff going on. :(

						J. Toman

>--
>
>
>Michael D. Hirsch		mhirsch@cs.princeton.edu    
>Computer Science Department	Voice: (609) 258-1751       
>Princeton NJ, 08544		FAX:   (609) 258-1771
From: jo.lavoy%theweb@meaddata.com (Jo Lavoy) 
Newsgroups: rec.martial-arts
Subject: RE: 2 CALIFORNIA NINJUTSU
Date: 21 Nov 92 19:42:00 GMT
Distribution: world
Organization: The Web BBS 1-513-436-9011 6 Lines 1200 News groups 50,000 files!
Reply-To: jo.lavoy%theweb@meaddata.com (Jo Lavoy) 

Heart to heart transmission means that the knowledge passed on is not
written down or is not fully revealed in written scrolls.  Think of the
meaning of a "heart to heart talk".  This has nothing to do with removal
of a human heart.
  Shinden requires a close student-teacher relationship. It has many
levels of meaning, not just what has been described here.
/s
                     
Newsgroups: rec.martial-arts
From: nahilgendorf@honors.uoregon.edu (Nathan Hilgendorf)
Subject: Re: THE MASTER
Organization: University of Oregon Honors College
Date: Fri, 20 Nov 1992 18:56:33 GMT

Newsgroups: rec.martial-arts
From: axolotl@socs.uts.edu.au (Iain Sinclair)
Subject: Re: THE MASTER
Reply-To: axolotl@socs.uts.edu.au
Organization: University of Technology, Sydney
Date: 20 Nov 92 00:58:11 GMT
fwong@bnr.ca (Frank Wong) writes:
 >It's not too bad. Story is basically ; Jet Li comes to U.S. to visit
 >his Sifu, has to battle bad white guy who has beat up Sifu and destroyed
 >his herb shop (Bo Chi Lam). The fight scenes are o.k. , but there is
 >no comparison to Once Upon A Time In China : Wong Fei Hong 1 & 2.
I don't think many westerners will get to see Once Upon A Time in China 1 & 2,
since they are deliberately not subtitled.  (If I directed a film with 19th
century white kung fu experts called "Tiger" who spoke perfect Cantonese,
I'd make sure it wasn't subtitled. :-)
Jet Li was the one using the umbrella, right?  Impressive, to say the least.
What styles is he best known for?
--
 Iain Sinclair    axolotl@socs.uts.edu.au
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------


*** Actually, Once Upon a Time in China 1 and 2 are both subtitled. I've 
seen them both in my local cinema, which specializes in showing obscure 
films. They're distributed by Golden Harvest, which also handles Jackie Chan'
s films.


(By the way, Jet Li is God.)


-Nate 
U of O
Newsgroups: rec.martial-arts
From: lchurch2@bluemoon.use.com (Leonard Church)
Subject: Re: The art of head-butting!
Organization: Blue Moon BBS ((614) 868-998[024])
Date: Fri, 20 Nov 92 00:07:23 EST

shulick@yankton.ucs.indiana.edu (Sam Hulick) writes:

> 
> Hello, all.
> I've always wondered, how do you pull off a successful headbutt without
> hurting yourself?  I've experimented/practiced a little bit (ow!), and
> found that the part of the skull about three inches above the eyebrows
> is a TOUGH spot in the skull.  It's ABOUT where the hairline recedes.  I
> hit a wall w/ my head and it didn't hurt.. too much. :)  Call me
> insane.. :)  I just would like to know how to do it correctly, as a
> headbutt in a close, locked battle is a GOOD move.  Thanks.
> 
> -- 
> Sam Hulick          | "You can't discover new oceans unless you have the
> shulick@indiana.edu | courage to lose sight of the shore."  --Anon.
> (NeXTmail welcome)  |

HOW do you practice a head butt.  Take a board and hit yourself about the 
head and face.....???? Ouch@!

*s

-------------------------------------------------------------
Growing trees in a concrete Jungle | lchurch2@bluemoon.rn.com
-------------------------------------------------------------
From: garry@alice.att.com (garry hodgson)
Newsgroups: rec.martial-arts
Subject: Re: HELP: Muay Thai techniques
Date: 19 Nov 92 14:57:42 GMT
Reply-To: garry@alice.UUCP ()
Distribution: rec
Organization: AT&T, Bell Labs

In article <BxoLsH.G2L@news.cso.uiuc.edu> jl52800@uxa.cso.uiuc.edu (The Incredible Mr.Wong) writes:
  3.	Any suggestions for someone who feels COMPLETELY awkward
	doing anything with the left side of his body? I feel totally
	wrong when I try to kick or elbow with my left side. 

Sorry, no silver bullets.  The only thing I have found is lots and lots
of practice.  I try, when learning something new, to practice twice
as many reps on my left as my right.  If I'm using two sticks, I use
a heavy one in my left hand, normal on right.

It takes patience, but it can be done.  A friend of mine while I was
coming up throught the ranks was a real fanatic about this.  He
wan not ambidexterous, but he trained really hard to make his left
as good as his right on all his techniques.  He even taught himself to
use chopsticks and to *write* lefty.  Amazing.



-- 
Garry Hodgson			A slow winter day
AT&T Bell Labs			A night like forever
garry@alice.att.com		Sink like a stone
att!alice!garry			Float like a feather
From: jo.lavoy%theweb@meaddata.com (Jo Lavoy) 
Newsgroups: rec.martial-arts
Subject: AGE AND TRAINING
Date: 23 Nov 92 06:07:00 GMT
Distribution: world
Organization: The Web BBS 1-513-436-9011 6 Lines 1200 News groups 50,000 files!
Reply-To: jo.lavoy%theweb@meaddata.com (Jo Lavoy) 

I'm 53. I started studying ninjutsu when I was 47. I cannot do the same
things a 25-year old can do, but I can still make techniques work and I
can defend myself pretty effectively.  Of course, ninjutsu is not a
competition sport, so I don't have to deal with anything but some poor
soul who decides to attack me on the street (or wherever).
From: poore@dirac.scri.fsu.edu (David Poore)
Newsgroups: rec.martial-arts
Subject: Re: Iron Palm Training
Date: 16 Nov 92 14:03:10 GMT
Reply-To: poore@dirac.scri.fsu.edu (David Poore)
Organization: Florida State University

In article <1992Nov15.105614.321@news.uwyo.edu> rtravsky@news.uwyo.edu (Rich Travsky) writes:
>My only reference on this topic ("Iron Palm in 100 Days", by Lee Ying-arng;
>a most quaint little book) also goes into the necessities of meditation

Based on his book about Xingyi, my advice is:

Run Away!!

I saw no indication in that book that he knew anything about Xingyi.

David Poore
poore@ds13.scri.fsu.edu
From: princecr@mala.bc.ca
Newsgroups: rec.martial-arts
Subject: Re: Kicking with instep vs. ball
Date: 17 Nov 92 10:25:11 -0700
Organization: Malaspina College

> 
> Use of the shin (as I've seen in only a couple posts--I'll have to try it 
> next Tuesday night) will spread that energy over an even wider area.
> 
> Again, as the cliche' around her goes: "It depends on what you're trying 
> to accomplish."
> 
> Best Bet:  Experiment--see what's right for YOU
> 
	It's true that it depends on what your trying to accomplish.
but about this area stuff,  the Tiba's crosssection is triangular (more or
less) The impact area using the shin will be less than the impact area of the
instep.

chris.
Newsgroups: rec.martial-arts
Subject: RE: Navy SEALs and Jeet Kune Do
From: <CHOI@NDSUVM1.BITNET>
Date: Thu, 19 Nov 1992 12:34:56 CST
Organization: North Dakota Higher Education Computer Network

I heard that  they teach military martial-art to Korean Airborn-troopers in ROK
It takes 2-3 months to master it, and you should be able to defend against
around 10 people, sounds unrealistic?  That is what the M.M.A. is for, I guess.
Of course, they keep practicing it after the initial training until they get
out from the army.  Maybe, you can go there and test them. :-)


Youngjun Choi
It's pretty cold here.