HDTenEightyP/NetNews huggingface dataset:
From: robison1@husc10.harvard.edu (Keith Robison)
Newsgroups: sci.bio
Subject: Re: Mutations: Mostly Harmful, or Not?
Date: 22 Jul 92 23:44:30 GMT
Article-I.D.: husc10.robison1.711848670

bcking@HQ.Ileaf.COM (Christine King) writes:

>On another thread ("Better Living through DNA Encryption"), Jonathan Dale
>(jdale@cats.ucsc.edu) writes:

>  ...You could probably simplify it a lot (at least the engineering
>  parts) by ripping out all the useless garbage in our DNA, which is
>  over 95% (?) useless....

>I keep reading and hearing statements like this.  Then there's the one
>that goes, "Most mutations are fatal."

>Aren't those two statements contradictory?  I mean, if most DNA is
>useless (non-coding, non-promoting, non-error-detecting), then aren't
>most mutations harmless?  Or the other way around, if most mutations
>are fatal/harmful, then isn't most DNA meaningful?

>...And I really hope there are some serious mathematicians and
>cryptographers working on the Human Genome project, because I betcha
>they'd have a lot to contribute and a lot to learn.

>-- 
>  Christine King

	The "all mutations are fatal" myth dates back to the fifties,
according to one mini-search I did a few years ago.  It basically is
due to the fact that at that time, the only way a mutation could
be detected was if it produced a visible phenotype.  Since many 
mutations which produce visible phenotypes are also deleterious,
the myth arose.  Now, of course, we know that many mutations are
silent or nearly so, and can only be detected with DNA sequencing or
hybridization methods.
	The "95% of human DNA is junk" gem is frequently stated,
but methinks it simply illustrates our ignorance of genome organization
and function.  Much of that DNA may well be along for a free ride,
but much of it may be important for chromosome structure and as spacing
elements (remember that many eukaryotic control elements can act over
great distances along the sequence or even between spatially close but
different DNA molecules).


Keith Robison
Harvard University
Program in Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology

robison@ribo.harvard.edu
Newsgroups: sci.bio
Subject: Re: Mutations: Mostly Harmful, or Not?
From: marder@agri.huji.ac.il
Date: 23 Jul 92 11:57:11 IST
Distribution: world
Organization: The Hebrew University of Jerusalem - Faculty of Agriculture

In article <1992Jul22.152155.3619@HQ.Ileaf.COM>, bcking@HQ.Ileaf.COM (Christine King) writes:
>
> I keep reading and hearing statements like this.  Then there's the one
> that goes, "Most mutations are fatal."
>
> Aren't those two statements contradictory?  I mean, if most DNA is
> useless (non-coding, non-promoting, non-error-detecting), then aren't
> most mutations harmless?  Or the other way around, if most mutations
> are fatal/harmful, then isn't most DNA meaningful?
>
It is probably more correct to say most mutations are benign/silent.
                                   ********************************
Of the remaining ones, most people accept that harmful mutations outnumber
beneficial ones.
All these rigid distinctions may be simplistic with many shades of grey
between silent and expressed and harmful/beneficial depending on
circumstance.
--
                                 '      Jonathan B. Marder
Internet: MARDER@AGRI.HUJI.AC.IL |      Department of Agricultural Botany
Bitnet:   MARDER@HUJIAGRI        | /\/  The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Phone:    (08 or +9728) 481918   |/  \  Faculty of Agriculture
Fax:      (08 or +9728) 467763   /      P.O.Box 12, Rehovot 76100, ISRAEL
Newsgroups: sci.bio
From: eb3@world.std.com (Edwin Barkdoll)
Subject: Re: Do birds pant?
Organization: The World Public Access UNIX, Brookline, MA
Date: Wed, 29 Jul 1992 11:49:19 GMT

In article <crystal.712032026@glia> crystal@glia.biostr.washington.edu (Crystal) writes:
>In <84185@netnews.upenn.edu> barkdoll@cattell.psych.upenn.edu (Edwin Barkdoll) writes:
>
>>In article <1992Jul20.214719.3625@u.washington.edu> pkemp@byron.u.washington.edu (Paul Kemp) writes:
>>>It's been quite hot and dry in Seattle this summer and I've noticed that many
>>>birds are hopping around with their beaks open. I've seen it in crows, sparrows
>>>and finches but not in the ducks or geese.  I've never noticed birds doing this
>>>before and was wondering if they were temperature regulating?
>>>pk
>
>>	I and some others have been flight training a red tailed hawk,
>>who after a hard workout will open mouth breath, i.e. pant.  Birds in
>>general will pant when hot to thermoregulate and after exertion,
>>perhaps also to thermoregulate.  I've also seen birds pant when overly
>>stressed.  I don't know if the latter instance also is a result of
>>high body temp.
>
>>Edwin Barkdoll
>>barkdoll@cattell.psych.upenn.edu
>>eb3@world.std.com
>
>Aren't Red-tailed Hawks protected?  I listen to several outside my window
>here in Seattle, and I was under the impression that it was illegal to have
>one in your possession without a permit.  This was from a neighbor who tried
>to save a baby RT Hawk and was chewed out royally by the wild bird people. (it
>was being pecked at by crows while on the ground)
>
>Crystal

	Wildlife in general is "protected" in that one usually
requires a license to "do" various things to wildlife, e.g. hunt,
rehabilitate.  In PA for instance unless you are licensed you cannot
have in your possession live wildlife; so it is illegal to capture and
possess squirrels, crows, hawks... and the "wild bird people" (sounds
like an interesting race of humans :-)) could just as easily be
angered by someone trying to raise an orphaned fawn.

	In addition to various state laws governing wildlife there are
also federal regulations which apply to certain groups of animals,
e.g. migratory birds, hawks.  In PA both federal and state licenses
are required to work with hawks.



-- 
Edwin Barkdoll
eb3@world.std.com
From: swf@teradata.com (Stanley Friesen)
Newsgroups: sci.bio
Subject: Re: Mutations: Mostly Harmful, or Not?
Date: 30 Jul 92 19:24:26 GMT
Reply-To: swf@tdat.teradata.com (Stanley Friesen)
Organization: NCR Teradata Database Business Unit

In article <1582faINNijg@darkstar.UCSC.EDU> jdale@cats.ucsc.edu (Jonathan Dale) writes:
|
|Wait, are you saying that some combinations code for nothing?  ie, they don't
|code for either amino acids or stop/start codes?  If so, that's wrong; while
|there are 64 possible combinations and only 20 amino acids, most (all?) amino
|acids are coded by 2-4 different (usually similar) combinations.  ...

Hey, didn't we go through this last month?

Yes, most AAs are coded for by 2-4 combinations, usually closely grouped.
There are also a few that have 6 codes.

But there *are* two combinations that do not code for any AA.  They are
the STOP/END-OF-MESSAGE codes, that terminate protein synthesis.
-- 
sarima@teradata.com			(formerly tdatirv!sarima)
  or
Stanley.Friesen@ElSegundoCA.ncr.com
From: biegler@castle.ed.ac.uk (R Biegler)
Newsgroups: sci.bio
Subject: Quadruple strand DNA
Keywords: Public Key Encryption, DNA Transcription
Date: 25 Jul 92 12:12:19 GMT
Followup-To: sci.bio
Organization: Edinburgh University

In article <g5dmd0h.nagle@netcom.com> nagle@netcom.com (John Nagle) writes:
>       There are actually bacteria with quadruple-strand DNA that have
>evolved to live in nuclear reactors.

I would like to know more about this.  Can you give a reference?

Robert Biegler
Newsgroups: sci.bio,sci.cryonics
From: kqb@cbnewsl.cb.att.com (kevin.q.brown)
Subject: Deinococcus Radiodurans (Re: Better Living through DNA Encryption)
Organization: AT&T Bell Laboratories
Date: Fri, 24 Jul 1992 23:19:19 GMT

    ------------------------ Forwarded Message ------------------------

> From: alcor@cup.portal.com
> Message-Subject: Please post
> Date: Fri, 24 Jul 92 02:14:38 PDT

> To: Scott Keeney
> Re: DNA Encryption - Cryomsg #1052

     You are considerable more recent and in much greater depth than I am.

   Questions;
     1) Does the term "quadruple-stranded DNA" make any sense to you?
     2) Where do you normally find *Deinococcus*?
     3) How many families of radiation-resistant bacteria did you come 
across in your literature search?
     4) Do these critters actually live in reactors?  I understand, in a 
very casual fashion, that the internal flux of an operating reactor is 
about 30,000 rads/hour, so that seems feasable, but steam engineers are 
very fussy about the purity of the water they put through their creations, 
which makes for lousy food prospects.  Which is to ask, what do they eat?
     5) If they live in reactors, where do they get the energy to drive 
their metabolic processes?
     6) Did you see any speculation on how they might have evolved to meet 
this bizarre challenge?  I imply from your remarks that they survive high 
fluxes of hard radiation by simply scaling up the known protective 
mechanisms against oxygen, free radicals, and molecular damage, but this 
sort of thing is usually evolved in response to some environmental 
challenge.  I have some trouble imagining what natural challenge provoked 
this degree of adaptation.
     7) What was the goal of your SOD extraction?
     8) Was I correct about their degree of radiation resistance, and what 
is normal for most bacteria?
     9) How well do they resist UV sterilization?  Re 6) above, the 
oxygenless atmosphere of the Archean eon is presumed to have allowed 
vacuum UV to get all the way to the surface, and some distance into water.  
A critter that could survive on or near the surface would have an enormous 
advantage until the ozone shield was raised in the late pre-Cambrian era.  
But in that case, why wouldn't we all be a bit more radiation-tolerant?

     None of the above is particularly relevant to cryonics, of course, 
but cryonics is merely a means to an end.  I know a number of people who 
would like to check out the galactic core and other locations some day.  
Current opinion is that it may be a bit energetic there.  Plan ahead.

Hugh at alcor@cup.portal.com
Newsgroups: sci.bio
From: marina@tk.mainet.msk.su (Naumenko M.V.)
Subject: To anybody who is interesting in science
Reply-To: marina@tk.mainet.msk.su
Organization: Moscow Aviation Institute, PDTK
Date: Tue, 28 Jul 92 13:00:08 GMT

          TO  ANYBODY  WHO IS INTERESTING IN SCIENCE
        We apply to everybody who interested in  future  Russian
science; who   would  like  to assist  it  to integrate in World
science society.
        We need information about Funds and other  organizations
who interested in  attraction russian  science organizations  to
research within  the limits active and  plan science proects and
directions of  this  researches   but also about  conditions  of
precipitation  russian scientists   in this proects.  Besides we
would like to know about questions of finance.
        We pin   our hopes on  establishment of interaction  and
development of international cooperation.
        Best regards.                 Marina V.Naumenko
From: D.M.Peterson@computer-science.birmingham.ac.uk (Donald Peterson)
Newsgroups: sci.psychology
Subject: Analogical Mapping
Date: 24 Jul 92 15:25:24 GMT
Article-I.D.: christop.11122.9207241525


I am currently working on an MSc dissertation on analogical problem
solving and will shortly carry out psychological experiments aimed at
determining the influence which the 'distance' of the analogy has on
performance. In the experiments the subjects will be presented with a
problem together with an analagous problem to shich the solution is
known, and the task is then to solve the problem by 'seeing' the
analogy.  As a working definition of the notion of 'distance' i take
this to be inverse;ly proportional to the degree of 1-1 mapping of
elements between the problem case and the analogue.

The intended experiment will be similar in structure to those carried
out by Gick & Holyoak e.g.'Analogical Problem Solving' in Cognitive
Psychology (1980) 12.

I would be grateful for views and comments, and for any information on
relevant recent experiments, theoretical models, work in progress, and
references.

Please reply directly to syh@cs.bham.ac.uk as well as to the group.

Stephen Hunt (Cognitive Science MSc -- Birmingham)
From: georgec@eng.umd.edu (George B. Clark)
Subject: Re: Hypnosis
Date: Sun, 26 Jul 92 08:00:16 GMT
Organization: University of Maryland

In article <Brq20H.5t1@ais.org> shl@ais.org (Stephen Landman) writes:
>>
>Contrary to "common knowledge" hypnosis can be dangerous.  Psychic
>conflicts and pseudomemories which can cause problems can be
>intentionally or unintentionally created; powerful intrapsychic
>conflicts can be triggered, leading even to a suicidal crisis in
>some cases.  Usually hypnosis is benign, but the potential for
>harm is definitely there.  
>
This theory is as old as hypnosis itself, but there is really no
good data to support it. Put in its proper perspective, hypnosis
has no worse potential than any other form of suggestion, whether
it be peer pressure, commercial advertising, the news media, etc.
Furthermore, the trend in recent decades has been towards greater
acceptance of hypnosis, not less acceptance.

If you ask everyone with psychiatric problems whether they have
ever been hypnotized, some are going to say "yes." This does not,
however, establish cause and effect. It would not even be 
considered good data.
Newsgroups: sci.psychology
From: mccla_d@aethelbehrt.cs.odu.edu (dennis mcclain-furmanski)
Subject: Addictions
Organization: Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
Distribution: sci.psychology
Date: Thu, 30 Jul 1992 05:25:45 GMT

Found them. Coerced the unix monster, I did.

---

bill@nsma.arizona.edu says:

>Slight correction:  the prediction is that with a time delay the
>addiction would take longer to develop, not that the addiction would
>be any less strong.
>
>Nobody has actually done this experiment, unfortunately.

Though not an experiment, from my observations at the treatment
center, regardless of the spacing between doses the resulting
addiction in those seeking treatment is remarkably similar. There are
differences in the energy necessary to break the addiction behaviors,
but they don't seem to be related to prior frequency of use.
From: zorrilla@cattell.psych.upenn.edu (Eric Zorrilla)
Newsgroups: sci.psychology
Subject: Re: Instant Addictions
Date: 23 Jul 92 05:34:17 GMT
Distribution: sci.psychology
Organization: University of Pennsylvania

In article <MCCLA_D.92Jul22223246@offa.cs.odu.edu> mccla_d@offa.cs.odu.edu (dennis mcclain-furmanski) writes:

>th@isr.harvard.edu says:

>[regarding my previous contention that addictions os out of the realm of
>behaviorism]

>> You are so wrong it is scary.

>If I'm so wrong, so is the treatment center I work for. And if that's the case
>then the founder and head of treatment of the largest treatement center in the
>world, in Moscow, wasted all that time and money coming here to find out why
>we're so good. And she's even more wrong for planning to put what she learned 
>into use. 

>If I'm wrong, why did the Sorbells (?) take their aversion therapy research
>to Canada, for the skiing? They were forced out of their position here in the
>US.


Not that this necessarily refutes your position, Dennis, but the popularity
of an approach to a disorder (regardless of it's in academia or in the
general populace) tells us little, if anything about its merit.  Trephination
was pretty well-looked upon in its heyday.


On the issue of whether behavioral approaches have any place in a complete
approach to addiction, I certainly have to side with Todd.  Didn't Solomon
teach us anything if not opponent-process theory?  If you want specifics,
consider the recent work by Siegel, et al. and increased tolerance as
a consequence of opponent-processes acting in reaction to a stimulus.  That's
just a for instance.  I'm unfamiliar with the treatment applications that
have (or have not) arisen from this, but unquestionably, work like this has
demonstrated that aspects of addiction are amenable to a behavioral analysis
and not just a less psychologically interesting purely physiological one.


[--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------]
| Eric Zorrilla - Dept. of Psychology  | zorrilla@cattell.psych.upenn.edu     |
| University of Pennsylvania           | 3815 Walnut, Philadelphia, PA 19104  |
[--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------]
Newsgroups: sci.psychology
From: mccla_d@aelle.cs.odu.edu (dennis mcclain-furmanski)
Subject: RE: Instant Addiction
Organization: Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
Distribution: sci.psychology
Date: Wed, 22 Jul 1992 11:32:46 GMT

Sorry, got cut off in my last transmission by the system going down for
backups.

I was trying to say that the subsequent discovery of the biochemical nature of
addictions, particularly with alcohol, made treatment of alcoholics by
aversion therapy rather improper. The married couple that was leading this
research presisted in it, and was therefore forced to carry their work out
of the US. Last I heard, they were at U. Toronto. No reasearch in this 
direction has been seriously considered as viable for many years.

Addictions has been out of the realm of behaviorism for quite some time.
Exactly where it is now is a matter of contention. Serious inquiry is
sometimes foregone due to the fact that some of the most significant results
incorporate the emminently unscientific 12 step groups.

And if you think you've heard animosity from scientists regarding use of
such concepts to treat a disease like this, you ain't heard nuthin' until 
you've heard these folks impressions of psychology.

Different words, but very similar noises.

Oh, I should mention that there typically is a 'habitual' component to
most addictions, but this part is usually very easy to break. The 
associated habits are no stronger than any associated with any socially
acceptable behavior. 

One place behaviorism may still make an impact is in training coke addicts not
to respond to 'triggers' -- those things which create memories strong enough
to actually trigger withdrawals.


-=<+|+>=--=<+|+>=--=<+|+>=--=<+|+>=--=<+|+>=--=<+|+>=--=<+|+>=--=<+|+>=-
>%>      D O N ' T        S T A R T         W I T H          M E     <%<
-=<+|+>=--=<+|+>=--=<+|+>=--=<+|+>=--=<+|+>=--=<+|+>=--=<+|+>=--=<+|+>=-

Dennis McClain-Furmanski                    New Beginnings @ Serenity Lodge
Clinical Psychology                         Chesapeake, VA
Old Dominion University                     .sig? what's that? I don't have to
Norfolk, VA, USA, Earth, Sol System, etc.   type this every time?
From: grady@fraser.sfu.ca (A. Brian Grady)
Newsgroups: sci.psychology
Subject: Re: object relations books
Date: 28 Jul 92 15:56:32 GMT
Distribution: sci.psychology
Organization: Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, B.C., Canada

holloway@ccwf.cc.utexas.edu (Bill Holloway) writes:


>	Anybody got a recommendation for a good book on object
>relations/personality theory?  I'm just getting interested in this area.

Greenberg, JR & Mitchell SA (1983) _Object relations in psychoanalytic
theory_ Harvard University Press: Cambridge Mass.
	- an in-depth near standard text, encyclopedic in detail, 
          covers Freud through Kohut, with analysis of Klein, Kernberg,
	  Winnicott, Fairbairn, Mahler en route.
 
Kernberg OF (1975) Borderline conditions and pathological narcissism.
New York: Aronson
Kernberg OF (1976) Object relations thoery and clinical psychoanalysis.
New York: Aronson.
	Kernberg not the easiest to read straight off...

Fairbairn WR (1954) An object relations theory of the personality. 
New York: Basic

Adler G (1985) Borderline psychopathology and its treatment. New York: aronson.

I think that Kohut's Self Psychology fits into the object relations
rubric, so I'd recommend
Elson, M (1985?) The Kohut Seminars. (sorry, can't recall publication info)
Kohut H (1985?) How does analysis cure? (ditto for this book).

Of the lot of them, my personal preference both theoretically and
for readability is Kohut; others disagree.  As a last note,
if this is a new area, you should know that the jargon gets fierce and
it has helped me to have by my side a little Penguin book called
A Critical Dictionary of Psychoanalysis so that I can keep terms straight

Hope this helps,
-- 
Brian Grady 
grady@sfu.ca -- Psychology Dept, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC.
Newsgroups: sci.psychology
From: jpk@Ingres.COM (Jon Krueger)
Subject: Re: Is TA real science?
Reply-To: jpk@Ingres.COM (Jon Krueger)
Organization: Ask Computer Systems Inc., Ingres Division, Alameda CA 94501
Date: 21 Jul 92 05:39:15 GMT

Stephen Landman writes:
> TA is inadequate as a form of psychotherapy, as are
> most simplistic approaches (such as rational-emotive or
> strict behavioral models).

How do you define "adequate as a form of psychotherapy"?
What measures of adequacy does TA fall below?  How far?

-- Jon
--
Jon Krueger  jpk@ingres.com
From: mccla_d@horsa.cs.odu.edu (dennis mcclain-furmanski)
Newsgroups: sci.psychology
Subject: RE: instant addictions
Date: 29 Jul 92 21:01:56 GMT
Distribution: sci.psychology
Organization: Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA

Please pardon the lateness of the response. Our news server partition went
kablooie and I wasn't sure if the posts I'd made got out or not. Since
they haven't shown up here in the last couple days since they fixed it, I'll
assume not. If there are re-runs, my apologies.

---

NO!

My ~/News has been wiped out. Aw, hell. Waiting to scratch and spit after 4
days offline, and the unix monster ate it all. Well, I had some good answers,
I promise.

Feel free to repeat the stimuli. I'm primed to respond.
Xref: sparky sci.psychology:3232 sci.cognitive:235 misc.education:3001
From: mbauer@dae.Princeton.EDU (Malcolm Bauer)
Newsgroups: sci.psychology,sci.cognitive,misc.education
Subject: Critical Thinking and Education
Date: 24 Jul 92 19:43:37 GMT
Organization: Princeton University
Originator: news@ernie.Princeton.EDU

I've been asked to forward this to the net for a friend. Please respond to
the e-mail address below and to the list (if a discussion breaks out, I
can forward the posts to her).
-------------------------

I've become involved in a project to develop a curriculum for high school
students that will help them "think critically."
I was wondering what researh exists on this subject, especially prescriptive 
models of the steps students need to follow, with supporting empirical
evidence of effectivenss? Of course, other references, ideas, and suggestions 
will be greatly appreciated as well.

	     Thanks,
		 Nancy Porter


           My E-mail address is NJPORTER@PUCC.PRINCETON.EDU
Newsgroups: sci.psychology
Subject: JUGIAN Approaches / WELLNESS Approaches
From: sabarnett@ualr.edu
Date: 21 Jul 92 09:58:05 GMT
Organization: University of Arkansas at Little Rock

Questions:

1. Is anyone out there on the NET familiar with Jugian theories or approaches?

2. Do you know of anyone or any group that is currently dicussing WELLNESS
   appproaches?

Thanks, Sean

S-A-B outta here --->                University College / Educational Services
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Remote Connection Closed
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______GO FOR IT BILL CLINTON!!!____| " The salvation of mankind lies only
                                       in making everything the concern of
                                       all."   -- A. Solzhenitsyn
Newsgroups: sci.psychology