From: georg@geki.toppoint.de (Georg Hoermann)
Newsgroups: bionet.general
Subject: Call for Part.: Ecological Modelling
Date: Sat, 15 Aug 92 14:38:01 GMT
Distribution: world
Organization: Toppoint Mailbox e.V.

                     FINAL CALL FOR PARTICIPATION
                                 and
                           SECOND CIRCULAR

           International Society for Ecological Modelling:

                              ISEM's 8th
                      INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
                                ON THE
                           STATE-OF-THE-ART
                       IN ECOLOGICAL MODELLING


                    SEPTEMBER 28 - OCTOBER 2, 1992
                            KIEL, GERMANY

CONFERENCE ADDRESS
ISEM's 8th International Conference on the State-of-the-Art in
Ecological Modelling

c/o Projektzentrum Oekosystemforschung        Tel: 0431/ 880 - 4030
Schauenburger Str. 112                        Fax: 0431/ 880 - 4083
2300 KIEL 1                                   Conference Office (Sept.28 -
Germany                                       Oct.2, 1992):
                                              Tel: 0431/ 880 - 4022
e-mail: meinolf@pz-oekosys.uni-kiel.dbp.de
        broder@pz-oekosys.uni-kiel.dbp.de
        schorsch@pz-oekosys.uni-kiel.dbp.de
        NOE48@rz.uni-kiel.dbp.de

ORGANIZING COMMITTEE:
K. Bellmann, G. Bendoricchio, H. Bossel, O. Fraenzle, S.E.
Joergensen, W. Mitsch, F. Mueller, O. Richter, W. Windhorst

GENERAL INFORMATION
The Conference will be held in the Auditorium Maximum of the
Christian-Albrechts-University in Kiel, located centrally on the
campus (see map below).
The programme of the Conference will include an opening session and
scientific sessions with both oral and poster presentations. The
sessions will be opened by a 45 minute talk of invited keynote
speakers. Individual lectures within each topic will last 30 minutes,
including 10 minutes discussion time. During the Conference various
round-table sessions will be held to discuss special topics.

COMPUTER CAMP
All participants are encouraged to present original software. The
following computer hardware will be available for software
demonstrations: PC-DOS, SUN, NEXT and 386-SVR4 workstations. For any
specific requirements on the equipment from your side, please contact
Dr. A.Salski (Tel. -4080) under the above address.

REGISTRATION
Registration fees after July 1, 1992 are 460 DM for ISEM members, 520
DM for non-ISEM members and 60 DM for students (ID required). For
late registration, please use the registration form from the last
page of this circular. The fees cover Conference material incl.
booklet of abstracts, beverages at breaks, proceedings to be
published 8 to 12 months after the Conference (not included in
students' rate).

Registration fees should be paid prior to the Conference either to
the following bank account:
     Felix Mueller / ISEM'92
     Sparkasse Kiel 25281213 (BLZ:21050170)
or make your cheque payable to:
     Felix Mueller / ISEM'92

Participants get their registration package (abstract volume,
detailed programme, name tags etc.) on arrival in the Forum of the
Auditorium Maximum on Monday, September 28, 1992 from 8.30. The
Conference office will be opened daily from 9 until 16.30.

CANCELLATIONS
Registration fees will be partially reimbursed if cancellation is
notified to the Conference address before September 1, 1992. 60 DM
have to be retained in such case. There will be no reimbursement if
cancellation is notified after September 1, 1992.

PROCEEDINGS
Proceedings of the Conference will be issued in a special volume of
'State-of-the-Art in Ecological Modelling' and become available to
the participants 8 to 12 months after the Conference.

                                     (continued on inside back cover)

LODGING
All participants are reminded to register for accommodation well
ahead of the Conference. Marking "reservation of hotel" on the
registration form of the green leaflet (first circular) is not a
hotel-booking. Unless you have not yet organized your accommodation,
please send the attached white card before August 31 for your hotel
reservation either to the Conference bureau or the central Kiel hotel
reservation service at:

Tourist Information Kiel e.V.
Sophienblatt 30
2300 Kiel 1
Germany
Tel.: 0431-6791017
Fax: 0431-675439

Budget-priced accommodation is available at the youth hostel. The
hostel can be reached conveniently by bus. Members pay 19.50 DM per
night. You might want to contact a local youth hostel for membership.
Foreign non-members add 5 DM per day for a membership. Please direct
reservations to the Conference bureau or directly to
   Jugendherberge Kiel,
   Johannesstr. 1,
   2300 Kiel 14,        Phone: 0431-731488, Fax: 0431-735723.
   Germany

GETTING TO THE CONFERENCE
Participants arriving by plane in Hamburg are advised to take the
airport shulltle bus to get to Kiel. The bus is run by AUTOKRAFT and
it stops at the central station in Kiel. It departs from the airport
at 8.30, 9.30, 11.00, 13.15, 15.15, 17.15, 19.15, 21.30, 23.30 daily
except the 8.30 bus on weekends. One-way-tickets cost 17.50 DM,
return tickets 28 DM.

Participants arriving at the Kiel central station by train or by bus
may take bus route 22 which departs in front of the station. The bus
runs every 30 minutes at ten past and twenty to the hour. Get off the
bus at the station "Universitaet" in the Olshausenstrasse. You will
find the Auditorium Maximum right across the street from the bus
station.

MEALS
Besides several budget-priced restaurants in the vicinity of the
campus area there will be the opportunity to purchase guest-tickets
for meals in the University cafeteria at the Conference office.


                 P R E L I M I N A R Y   A G E N D A

The Conference consists of keynote lectures and parallel sessions.
Additionally, round-table sessions each of which is opened by an
introductory talk are intended to elaborate different points of view
on special topics. The presentation of software will be possible
during 4 poster sessions. In case when four presentations per session
have been placed the available time will be shortened by 5 minutes
per talk.


                      MONDAY SEPTEMBER 28, 1992

 8.30 - 9.30   Arrival, Registration

 9.30 - 10.30  Opening Session

10.30 - 11.30  Keynote Lecture
               S.E. Joergensen  on Models as Instruments for
               Combining Ecological Theory and Environmental Practice

11.30 - 12.00     C o f f e e  B r e a k

12.00 - 13.00  Keynote Lecture
               K. Hasselmann on Global Modelling

13.00 - 14.00     L u n c h  B r e a k

14.00 - 15.30  Parallel Session A
               Climate-Related Ecological Changes I

               Bellmann, K.: Ecosystem Modelling Under the
                    Consideration of Scaling Up on Climate Change
                    Research

               Rotmans, J.: The Escape Model

               Elzen, M.G.J. den: Accelerated Halocarbon Phase-out:
                    Does it Reduce the Ozone Depletion?

14.00 - 15.30  Parallel Session B
               Integrated Systems I

               Leimbach, M.: Expertsystem Model Coupling within the
                    Framework of an Ecological Advisory System.

               Bakema, A.H.; de Boer, K.F.; Braat, L.C.; Kok, R.M.;
                    Meijers, R.; van Minnen, J.G.: EXPECT - A Concise
                    Simulation System for Environmental Policy
                    Analysis

               Golubyatnikov, L.L.: Base of Knowledges for Ecological
                    Sequences

14.00 - 15.30  Parallel Session C
               Modelling the Bornhoeved Lakes District I

               Windhorst, W.: On the Bornhoeved Modelling Concept

               Reiche, E.W.: Estimation of Water and Nitrogen
                    Dynamics at Sites and in Catches by Use of a
                    Computer Model

               Spranger, T. & Hollwurtel, E.: Estimation of Dry
                    Deposition in the Bornhoeved Lakes District with
                    a Resistance Model

15.30 - 16.00     C o f f e e  B r e a k

16.00 - 17.30  Parallel Session A
               Climate-Related Ecological Changes II

               Klepper, O. & Huet, H. van: Modelling the Role of
                    Oceanic Phytoplankton in the Global Carbon Cycle

               Kaduk, J. & Heimann, M.: Sensitivity Experiments with
                    the Osnabrueck Biosphere Model

               Venevsky, S.V.: Terrestrial Vegetation in Asia as one
                    of Possible Regulators of Global Climatic Change

               Churkina, G.E.; Golubyatnikow, L.L. & Venevsky, S.V.:
                    Climate Scenario and Some Environmental
                    Consequences

16.00 - 17.30  Parallel Session B
               Integrated Systems II

               Flacke,W. & Baron, M.: Simulation of Air Pollution
                    Integrated into a Geographical Information System

               Flechsig, M.; Wenzel, V. & Erhard, M.: Simulation
                    Based Regional Models - Design, Experimentation
                    and Application

               Brovkin, V.A.: Application of Geoinformational Systems
                    (GIS) in Agroecological Modelling

               Krysanova, Valentina: Coupling of Different Scale
                    Models for Watershed Management

16.00 - 17.30  Round-table Session
               Thermodynamics and Ecological Theory

               Opening Contribution
               Fraenzle, O.: Thermodynamic Aspects of Species
               Diversity in Tropical Lowland Rainforests

18.30 - 22.00  Buffet and Get Together


                      TUESDAY SEPTEMBER 29, 1992

 9.15 - 11.00  Keynote Lecture
               W.J. Mitsch on Ecological Engineering

               Keynote Lecture
               N.N. on State-of-the-Art in Terrestrial Modelling

11.00 - 11.30     C o f f e e  B r e a k

11.30 - 13.00  Poster Session I
               Ecotoxicology; Aquatic Models
               (Contributions are listed below)

11.30 - 13.00  Parallel Session A
               Terrestrial Models I: Forest Ecosystems

               Jenssen,M.; Anders, S. & Hofmann, G.: A
                    System-dynamical Approach to Forest Ecosystems
                    Subject to Anthropogenic Stress

               Warfvinge, P.; Sverdrup, H. & Joensson, Charlotta:
                    Modelling Nutrient Deficiencies in Forest Stands

               Joensson,Charlotta; Warfvinge, P. & Sverdrup, H.:
                    Calculating Weathering Rates, Critical Loads of
                    Acid Deposition and Long Term Sustainable Forest
                    Yield for 3 Sites in Sweden, Norway and Germany

11.30 - 13.00  Parallel Session B
               Modelling Particular Ecological Processes I

               Wolff, W.F.; Fleming, D.M. & DeAngelis, D.L.: The
                    Importance of Landscape Heterogeneity to Colonial
                    Wading Birds in the Southern Everglades

               Wissel, C. & Wiegand, T.: The Influence of the
                    Searching Behaviour of Parasitoids on the
                    Host-parasitoid Population Dynamics

               Gabriel, W.: Modelling Extinction Risks by Demographic
                    Stochasticity and Mutational Meltdown

13.00 - 14.00     L u n c h  B r e a k

[SU]14.00 -    Parallel Session A
15.30          Ecotoxicology

               Franke, H.-J. & Teutsch, G.: Stochastic Simulation of
                    Regional Pesticide Transport including the
                    Unsaturated and the Saturated Zone

               Soerensen, B.H.; Winther, Sofie & Joergensen, S.E.:
                    Application of the Software Oekotox on
                    Agricultural Chemicals

               Kirchner,G.: Modelling the Transfer of Jodine and
                    Cesium via the Grass-cow-milk Pathway after the
                    Chernobyl Accident

14.00 - 15.30  Parallel Session B
               Tools and Methods in Ecological Modelling I

               Wittmann, J.: Requirements for Simulation Tools in
                    Environmental Protection

               Burde, M.; Hemker, H.; Jaeckel, T. & Dieckmann, R.:
                    SAFRAN - System to Aggregate Spatial Data in
                    Planning and Nature Protection

               Gnauck, A.H.: Modelling of Biocenotical Interactions
                    by Petri-nets

15.30 - 16.00     C o f f e e  B r e a k

16.00 - 17.30  Parallel Session A
               Modelling the Bornhoeved Lakes District II

               Hoffmann, F.; Beinhauer, R. & Dadoun, F.: Soil
                    Temperature Model for Crop Models

               Kandzia, M.; Salski, A.; Billerbeck, Kerstin; Bui,
                    M.T. &
                    Jansen, S.U.: Fuzzy Logic Approach to some
                    Uncertainty Problems in Ecological Research

               Feldtmann, M. & Hoermann, G.: An Object Oriented User
                    Interface for Hydrological Models

               Wegner, M. & Hoermann, G.: Cooperation Perspectives of
                    the German Ecosystems Research Centres

16.00 - 17.30  Parallel Session B
               Modelling Particular Ecological Processes II

               Stephan, T. & Wissel, C.: Extinction Models Discrete
                    in Time

               Marsula, R. & Wissel, C.:Insect Pest Control by a
                    Spatial Barrier

               Jeltsch, F. & Wissel, C.: Modelling Dieback Phenomena
                    in Natural Forests

16.00 - 17.30  Round-table Session
               Modelling and Ecotoxicology
               Opening Contribution
               Poethke, H.J.; Oertel, D. & Seitz, A.: Modelling
               Effects of Toxicants on Pelagic Food Webs: Many
               Problems - Some Solutions


                     WEDNESDAY SEPTEMBER 30, 1992

 9.15 - 11.00  Parallel Session A
               Theoretical Approaches to Ecological Modelling

               Christensen, V.: Ecosystem Development - Goal
                    Functions and Attributes

               Grimm, V.: Mathematical Models and Understanding in
                    Ecology

               Svirezhev, Y.M.: State-of-the-Art of Mathematical
                    Ecology in the Former USSR

9.15 - 11.00   Parallel Session B
               Engineering and Management Criteria for Ecological
               Systems

               Segerstahl, B.: Competing for Resources in a
                    Constraining Habitat. A System Dynamics Analysis
                    of Management Strategies

               Schmidt, E. & Wissel, C.: Concepts of Ecological
                    Stability Revised

               Botterweg, P.; Bakken, L. & Romstad, E.: Nitrate
                    Leaching from Agricultural Soils: Ecological
                    Modelling under Different Economic Constraints

 9.15 - 11.00  Parallel Session C
               Tools and Methods in Ecological Modelling II: New
               Approaches

               Silvert, W.: Object Oriented Ecosystem Modelling

               Kurth, W.: Morphological Models of Plant Growth:
                    Possibilities and Ecological Relevance

               Kompare, B. & Steinman, F.: Using Machine Learning
                    Techniques in Construction of Models

11.00 - 11.30     C o f f e e  B r e a k

11.30 - 13.00  Poster Session II
               Modelling the Bornhoeved Lakes District
               (Contributions are listed below)

11.30 - 13.00  Round-table Session
               Modelling Human Influence on Ecosystems
               Opening Contribution
               Lenz, R. & Hantschel, R: Critical Impact and System
               Response - A Landscape Ecological Approach for Risk
               Assessment and Evaluation Strategies

11.30 - 13.00  Round-table Session
               New Methods in Computer Science and their Application
               in Ecology

13.00 - 14.00     L u n c h  B r e a k

14.00 - 20.00  Excursion to the Bornhoeved Lakes District


                       THURSDAY OCTOBER 1, 1992

 9.15 - 11.00  Keynote Lecture
               B.C. Patten on Modelling and Ecosystem Theory
               (Ecological Systems Engineering: Toward a New Science
               of Natural and Human Complexity in the Ecosphere)

               Keynote Lecture
               N.N.on Models as Parts of Integrated Systems

11.00 - 11.30     C o f f e e  B r e a k

11.30 - 13.00  Poster Session III
               Theory; Modelling Software
               (Contributions are listed below)

11.30 - 13.00  Parallel Session A
               Aquatic Models I

               Bendoricchio, G.; Coffaro, G. & De Marchi, C.: Current
                    Status and Perspectives for the Application of
                    Ecological Modelling to the Lagoon of Venice

               Prochnow, D.: On the Dynamics of Sedimentation in
                    Rivers

               Doerge, J.: Modelling Nitrogen Transformation in
                    Freshwater Wetlands. Estimating Nitrogen
                    Retention and Removal in Natural Wetlands in
                    Relation to their Hydrology and Nutrient Loadings

11.30 - 13.00  Parallel Session B
               Climate-Related Ecological Changes III

               Stickan, W.: Modelling the Influence of Climatic
                    Variability on Perennial Carbon and Water Budget
                    of Young Beech Saplings (Fagus sylvatica L.)

               Cieszelski, R.: Climate Sensitivity of Winter Wheat

               Koch, Ulrike: The Transpiration Rate of a Single Tree
                    - Numerical Simulations

13.00 - 14.00     L u n c h  B r e a k

14.00 - 15.30  Parallel Session A
               Aquatic Models II: Population Dynamics

               Bosch, F. van den & Gabriel, W.: Population Dynamical
                    Effects of Diapause in Copepods

               Sverdrup, H.; Warfvinge, P. & Joensson, Charlotta:
                    Chaotic Behaviour of Fish and Plancton During
                    Lake Eutrophication

               Gaedke, Ursula & Straile, D.: Carbon Fluxes and
                    Ecological Transfer Efficiencies in a Pelagic
                    Food Web

               Pahl-Wostl, Claudia: Measures Bridging the
                    Hierarchical Level between the Ecological Network
                    and the Component Populations

14.00 - 15.30  Parallel Session B
               Competition and Coexistence

               Trepl, L.: Competition and Coexistence: Economical and
                    Historical Background

               Ebenhoeh, W.: Competition and Coexistence: Modelling
                    Approaches

               Chapman, A.R.O.: Competition and Coexistence:
                    Practical Evidence.
                    Role of Competition in Structuring Communities on
                    Rocky Shores: Field Experiments

15.30 - 16.00     C o f f e e  B r e a k

16.00 - 17.30  Parallel Session
               Aquatic Models III

               Vermeersch, L.K. & Vanrolleghem, P.A.: Feature Based
                    Model Identification of Nonlinear
                    Biotechnological Processes

               Vasilyev, A. & Blinova, I.: Modelling of Macrophytes
                    Impact on Concentration of Pollutants in River
                    Water

               Melnichuk, V.: The Long Term Effects of Biogeochemical
                    Processes on Water Quality in Estuaries and Lakes

               Roy, A.B.: Permanence and Oscillatory Coexistence of a
                    Detritus Based General Prey-predator Model with
                    Holling Type II Functional Response

16.00 - 17.30  Round-table Session
               Competition and Coexistence
               Opening Contribution
               Ekschmitt, K.: Competition and Coexistence -
               Introduction to the Controversy

16.00 - 17.30  Round-table Session
               Terminology of Ecosystem Theory

19.00 - 22.00  Boat Ride on the Baltic Sea


                        FRIDAY OCTOBER 2, 1992

 9.15 - 11.00  Keynote Lecture
               M. Straskraba on State-of-the-Art in Limnological
               Modelling

               Keynote Lecture
               J.C.J. Nihoul on State-of-the-Art in Marine Modelling

11.00 - 11.30     C o f f e e  B r e a k

11.30 - 13.00  Poster Session IV
               Climate-Related Ecological Change; Terrestrial Models
               (Contributions are listed below)

11.30 - 13.00  Parallel Session A
               Marine Models

               Baretta, J.W.; Ruardij, P.; Vested, H.J. &
               Baretta-Bekker, J.G.: Two Different Approaches to
               Eutrophication Modelling of the North Sea

               Malmgren-Hansen; A.: Integration of Ecological
               Modelling in the Planning of Strategies For Nutrient
               Reductions

               Menard, F.; Dallot, S. & Thomas, G.: Periodic Time
               Series Analysis - Relationship Between Fluctuation in
               Abundance of Salps Population and Hydroclimatic
               Variables

11.30 - 13.00  Parallel Session B
               Soil Models

               Kartschall, T.: Mathematical Description of Organic
                    Matter Turnover in Soil

               Beinhauer, R. & Kruse, B.: Soil Erosivity by Wind in
                    Moderate Climates

               Kruse, B.: Wind Erosion Model Development

13.00 - 14.00     L u n c h  B r e a k

14.00 - 15.30  Concluding Session
               Panel and Plenary Discussion on
               "International Cooperation Perspectives in Ecological
               Modelling"



The following posters will be presented in POSTER SESSION I:

Duelmer, Ute & Ratte, H.T.: Predicting Toxicant Effects on an Aquatic
     Laboratory System Using the Individuals Approach

Hommen, U. & Ratte, H.T.: Application of a Plankton Simulation Model
     on Mesocosm Case Studies

Groeneweg, J. & Wolff, W.F.: Pulsed Feeding and Intermittent Action
     for Nitrogen Removal - Experiments and a Dynamic Simulation
     Model

Joergensen, S.E.: Application of Ecological Indicators in Aquatic
     Ecosystems

Kompare,B. & Rismal, M.: Modelling the Lake of Bled

Pereira, Alice; Tassin, B. & Jorgensen, S.E.: Drowned Vegetation
     Decomposition Model to an Amazonian Reservoir

Reuter, H. & Breckling, B.: Self-Organisation of Fish Swarms: An
     Object Oriented Model


The following posters will be presented in POSTER SESSION II:

Asshoff, M.; Breckling, B. & Wollweber, K.: An Object Oriented
     Hierarchy of Approaches to Biocoenosis Modelling

Bornhoeft, D.: A Simulation Model for the Description of the
     One-dimensional Vertical Soil Water Flow in the Unsaturated Zone

Hoffmann, F.: Model for Organic Manure in Soils

Kluge, W. & Theesen, L.: Parameter Estimation for Modelling Exchange
     Processes Between Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecosystems

Lennartz, B. & Rambow, J.: Predicting Pesticide Migration in Soils
     with Various Nonequilibrium Models

Rambow, J. & Lennartz, B.: Simulation of the Migration Behaviour of
     S-triazine and Phenylurea Herbicides in Unsaturated Soils with a
     Modified LEACHP-version

Schernewski, G. & Theesen, L.: Modelling Hydrophysics and
     Hydrochemistry of Lake Belau

Stamm, S. von: Linked Stomata and Photosynthesis Model for Corylus
     avellana (Hazel)


The following posters will be presented in POSTER SESSION III:

Christensen, V. & Pauly, D.: ECOPATH II - A System for Construction
     of Steady State Models and Network Analysis

Hinrichs, A.: AMBER - A Forecast Model for Agricultural
     Meteorological and Ecological Problems

Kompare,B. & Steinman, F.: Basic Hints in Validation and Calibration
     of Models

Priesack, E.: Stepwise Process Oriented Description of Ecosystem
     Dynamics

Silvert, W.: BSIM - A Portable Package for Distributed Ecological
     Modelling

Silvert, W.: The Desktop Scientist - Models that a Manager Can Use

Svirezhev, Y.M.: Thermodynamics Ideas in Ecology

Wenzel, W.: MOSES - MO_delling and S_imulation of E_cological
     S_ystems, the Successor of SONCHES

Wissel, C.: Stochastic Birth and Death Processes Describing Minimum
     Viable Populations



The following posters will be presented in POSTER SESSION IV:

Bellmann, K.; Lasch, Petra & Suckow, F.: FORSTK - A Simulation Model
     for Investigation of Climate and Pollutant Impact on Pine Forest
     Stands

Biala, Stefanie: Time Dependent Canopy Model for Remote Sensing of
     Laser Induced Plant Fluorescence Features

Kainz, M.; Auerswald, K. & Flacke, W.: High Resolution Maps of Soil
     Loss for Environmental Planning

Lischeid, G.: Moeglichkeiten und Grenzen der hydrologischen
     Modellierung zur Ermittlung des Stoffaustrags in einem
     Buchenaltholz am Hang

Soerensen, B.H.; Hjuler, H, & Joergensen, S.E.: Modelling the
     Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification

Svirezhev, Y.M.: Climate Change and Dynamics of Terrestrial
     Ecosystems

Veroustraete, F.: An Ecosystem Model of Deciduous Forests for
     Climatological Change


--------------------------------------------------------------
                          REGISTRATION FORM
              for ISEM's 8th International Conference on
             the State-of-the-Art in Ecological Modelling
            September 28 - October 2, 1992 in Kiel, Germany

      Name:

      Address:

      Institution:

      ISEM-member:       Yes:_______   No:_______

      Signature:         ________________________
---------------------------------------------------------------------

      If you want to participate and have not yet registered for
      ISEM's 8th International Conference, please return this form
      to:

      Projektzentrum Oekosystemforschung
      c/o Dr. Felix Mueller
      Schauenburger Str. 112
      2300 KIEL 1
      Germany

      e-mail: meinolf@pz-oekosys.uni-kiel.dbp.de
              broder@pz-oekosys.uni-kiel.dbp.de
              schorsch@pz-oekosys.uni-kiel.dbp.de
              NOE48@rz.uni-kiel.dbp.de

      Please notice the directions on the fees payment under
      REGISTRATION. An on-site payment will be possible for
      participants from overseas.



----
Georg Hoermann, schorsch@pz-oekosys.uni-kiel.dbp.de, noe33@rz.uni-kiel.dbp.de
Work: Ecosystem Research Center, Kiel University
* Je sauberer eine Gesellschaft, desto groesser sind die Abflussrohre *
			   * (H. Loetscher) *