From: chuck@coplex.com (Chuck Sites)
Subject: Hydrogen banding and gamma
Organization: Copper Electronics, Inc.
Date: Tue, 6 Oct 1992 07:27:26 GMT
Summary: Gamma radiation on PdD(x) may increase cold fusion rates.
Keywords: Hydrogen CNF Fusion Gamma HPB Solid State Pd Palladium

  When Ying and Shultz announced thier work, and later Tom announced his
psueodo-Ying cell, I became curious about D+gamma interaction with the
first objective being to understand d+gamma -> d* (where d* is a nuclear
excited state of deterium, d=ionized D atom).  To me, the suggestions 
that Ying made that he was modifying probability space, sounded wierd.   
So, I made the assumtion that d* + d would follow the normal fusion tracts
but additionally realeasing the initial stimulating gamma. Thus, d* + d
-> He3 + n gamma, d* + d -> t + p + gamma and weakly, d* + d -> He4 + gamma.
Lastly I assumed d* + d would have an enhanced fusion rate over d+d fusion.  
With gamma striking a PdD(x) electrode, the skeem uses the gamma photon as
a transport of a perturbing energy across the system. A fusion catalyst 
so to speak.   So I've been researching those assumtions. One, the fusion
rate is higher for d* + d, and second, d + gamma-> d* is dominate and not
d + gamma -> n + p (ie. there exist some low energy gamma resonace in d that
does not cause photodisintegration but does increase the fusability d*+d
interactions). 

    Now, you would obviously think that such a low energy state would 
have already been described by theory, but the best I can tell it has not.
This is why. When researchers look at the d + gamma interaction they
have been looking for a nuclear state change, not increases in fusability.
Because D is the simplest of the nuclear force bound nuclei, the only
state change that becomes `obvious` by D + gamma experiments are those 
from photo-disentegration. Current d + gamma theories could be misleading
since they are based on this effect. Thus a nuclear sub-state changes
could be missed both by theory and D photodisentegration experiments.
It's from this point of view I consider Ying's work important as a method
to explore a new state of D + gamma.  If only Ying had taken a gamma
spectrum.   
    
    Paul Dietz sent me on a quest of sorts to understand the D+gamma
cross section and the problem above was one result.  But that aside,
another problem came up.  PdD is a solid state system and one needs
to consider those effects to the nuclear state as well. T. Bollinger
an I proposed (serindeptisly) that D with some metals could form 
band structures similar to electron band states found in solid state
systems. Heavy particle banding (HPB) is what we are calling it. While
there is a significant difference in mass and charge between electronic
banding and hydrogen banding, the most obvious difference is that one
transports the nuclear force, and the other does not.  With respect to
gamma interactions, you have to wonder if the cross section changes
due to solid state effects.  Second, if an interaction occurs what form
do they take.  

  The gamma+D cross section is described by Blatt & Weisskopf ("Theoretical
Nuclear Physics") as the coupling of the photon's electrical & magnetic
fields with the electric quadripole and magnetic dipole of the D nucleus,
and is described by somewhat detailed formulas of D(gamma,n)p.  While 
reading this I could not help but think of what effect a delocalized 
D band state have on a low energy gamma cross section.  From my initial
work, It looks to me like the width of the cross section energies would
increases, and potentially a low energy photon catalytic reaction might
occur like d_e->gamma<-d_m in a HPB, (where d_e, d_m are the electric, 
and magnectic dipoles of the delocalized deterium nuclei).  This would 
not be a photodisintegration resonace between the neutron and proton,
but a fusion resonace between two d's in a n+p->gamma<-n+p.  That is
what I see initially.

   Anyway, I realize this is speculative, but I hope the long term 
readers of this group will consider the concept of gamma effects
on the band hydrogen model. I think you will find it quite different 
from the norm.  If the hydrogen band model is really driving this
effect (and I think it is), It's time to get this info out.  
 
Have fun,
Chuck                    
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