HDTenEightyP/NetNews huggingface dataset:
From: wkau+@cs.cmu.edu (Wing Keung F Au)
Newsgroups: soc.culture.hongkong
Subject: Re: Cow
Date: 16 Apr 92 03:14:04 GMT
Organization: School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon

In article <1992Apr15.172527.7019@cam.compserv.utas.edu.au> shsieh@esk (Melva Hsieh) writes:
>
>	If you really do have 3000 lines of cow, I love to have a copy,
> ...

W A R N I N G --- spoilers ahead

if you really wnat to know more about that list, read on,



that list of cows is one of those urban usenet folklores, my 2 year old
copy has a header saying that ewtileni@pucc.princeton.edu maintains it.

-- 

				    FRed W. Au
				    ...!cmu.edu!au+, au+@cmu.edu
Newsgroups: soc.culture.hongkong
From: yung@r-node.gts.org (Amos Yung)
Subject: Re: Should Hong Kong be independent?
Organization: R-Node Public Access UNIX System (416-636-2026) - 24 hrs
Date: Sun, 05 Apr 1992 21:56:37 GMT

In article <1992Apr3.111804.1693@nic.csu.net> kenwong@futon.SFSU.EDU (Kenneth Wong) writes:
>In article <1992Apr2.155133.1689@nic.csu.net> sulistio@sutro.SFSU.EDU (Sulistio Muljadi) writes:
>>
>>Hong Kong should be allowed to be independent.  I don't know much about
>>the history of Hong Kong, but Hong Kong was build / become sucessfull because
>>of Hong Kong people.  If Hong Kong was not separated from  China, Hong kong
>>will be the same as other places in mainland China.  Why not have your own
>>country (in this case, Hong Kong) and be proud of it.  
>
>I think most Hongkonger will agree with you, however, you don't know too
>much about Hong Kong and China, if we can choose our future, we won't be
>here(The U.S). Do you know if we say WE WANT INDEPENDENT TODAY!!!, next
>day, China will take over Hong Kong, and we will have less freedom that
>we might have 50 years more after 1997(If we still dream about that is
>TURE). 
>

They don't even have to do that. All they have to do is cut the water
supply from the Eastern River. Half a year later, HK people will be on
their knees begging to go back to their "motherland".



-- 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Amos Yung          | Macintosh Jr.: The power to crush the other kid.
yung@r-node.gts.org| 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Newsgroups: soc.culture.hongkong
From: jleung@descartes.uwaterloo.ca (Joyce Leung)
Subject: Re: Saucer spirit
Organization: University of Waterloo
Date: Tue, 7 Apr 1992 21:56:42 GMT

Peter,
Forgot to mention one thing last time, if you want to get a
clearer and better answers, you can ask a pastor instead.

Joyce
From: "al chan" <al.chan@canrem.com>
Newsgroups: soc.culture.hongkong
Subject: leon lai (considerate
Date: 15 Apr 92 22:07:48 EST
Reply-To: "al chan" <al.chan@canrem.com>
Distribution: soc
Organization: Canada Remote Systems

-> And pls also support me. Even I don't know how to sing, I try hard.
-> Just think it's a charity matter(oops! not tax deductible) and I will
-> never throw grenade in a bank.



Just wondering do you also work in show-business??
I've never heard your name before, Jimson Chang.
I've never heard you sing before.
But anyhow, keep on trying, you will still get my support!!!
--
Canada Remote Systems  - Toronto, Ontario/Detroit, MI
World's Largest PCBOARD System - 416-629-7000/629-7044
Newsgroups: soc.culture.hongkong
From: sandy@rosie.uh.edu (Ho-A-Thian, Sandy Leon)
Subject: need info on a node address
News-Software: VAX/VMS VNEWS 1.41    
Organization: University of Houston
Date: Wed, 8 Apr 1992 16:33:00 GMT

Hello,

I would like to know if anyone knows if there is such a node named 
HKU7A.HKU.HK.  I am having a hard time locating this node.  If you
know anything about it please let me know.  I would really appreciate
it.  Thank you.
From: K.K.Soo@bradford.ac.uk (KK SOO)
Newsgroups: soc.culture.hongkong
Subject: Re: Lai Ming
Date: 11 Apr 92 12:46:41 GMT
Organization: University of Bradford, UK
Originator: 91862372@muser

In article <1992Apr10.210157.29481@dsg.tandem.com> leung@DSG.Tandem.COM (Steven Leung) writes:
>The first person come to my mind that fits this description is Lowell.

TOTALLY agree !!!

>He had quite a number of good songs, and his musical taste/background
>is pretty good. 

Wait a minute... as I know his musical background is not very well.
When he was in USA many years ago, he was just a singer in bar, etc.
Moreover, he didn't do a professional training in music.
Do you remember a bastard called 'Chau Kai Sung'? This guy had criticized
Lowell's qualifications many times in HK. He said Lo hadn't been taking
any course about music, etc. Then many people told Chau to get stuffed !

>But his voice is just unbearable. I hope somebody
>would advise him to concentrate on composing and let other people
>to sing it. After all, we are living in a highly specialized
>world.

Although I don't quite agree with you that his voice is just 'unbearable'
(if fact I love this style). Actually he had composed a lot of songs to
other top singers (no more Lai Ming pls), such as

"Who's my best lover" - Ah Lam.
"Love is so sweet"    - Alan Tam.

BTW he has already moved his career to movie, and the best one I think is
"the story of autumn" - Chau Yum Fat "Sheun Tau Chak" :)

Fred
-- 
k.k.soo@bradford.ac.uk
Computer Science, University of Bradford, UK.
From: egeo17@castle.ed.ac.uk (M L Broadgate)
Newsgroups: soc.culture.hongkong
Subject: Re: HK information request
Date: 9 Apr 92 12:30:50 GMT
Organization: Edinburgh University

In article <1992Apr7.235543.28052@vlsi.waterloo.edu> dennispu@vlsi.waterloo.edu (Dennis Pu) writes:

>> purpose.  Any more details on Mei Po? What are some of the wild lifes
>> in Mei Po?
>
>	'Mei Po' is a place close to the China border (?). When I was
>there last time, I saw British army walking around. Also many places 
>are fenced with high voltage bared wires to stop illegal immigrants.

My father goes birdwatching there practically every Saturday morning (at
5am...) I don't think he has a pass or anything and he usually goes
on his own - I have been birdwatching there with him and I remember
seeing a sign which said that you were supposed to have a pass and
permission - I think perhaps there are particular areas where you can go
birdwatching and others where you shouldn't go which are higher
security.

Anyway it's a fascinating place to go and watch the wildlife.

Marianne
Newsgroups: soc.culture.hongkong
From: stevew@helios.unl.edu (Steve Wu)
Subject: Re: "Lisa Wong(Weng)" Top ten Why Lisa switched to Cantonese Opera
Organization: University of Nebraska - Lincoln
Date: 13 Apr 92 18:06:52 GMT

K.K.Soo@bradford.ac.uk (KK SOO) writes:

>1. Divorce
>2. Ho B had no patient with her
>3. Fall in love with Law Ka Ying
>4. Koo Ka Fai was retired

5.  Apointed to be a representative of HK district in People Congress.
6.  Lisa want herself to be the most brave Chinese. (How can a Chinese
    don't know Cantonese Opera?)
7.  Mr. X prefered Kong Mei Yi rather than big umbrella.
8.  The old women doesn't send Lisa Gold platte anymore.
9.  There is a rumor that in the next centry, Cantonese opera will
    become the most popular entertainment.
10. The mainland Chinese government wants to forbid all show biz
    except Cantonese opera after 1997.

  steve
--
stevew@helios.unl.edu  |=| \ Fender / |=| ... smoke on the water, fire in
                       |=|   \    /   |=| the sky...   Smoke on the water.
stevew@hoss.unl.edu    |=|     \/     |=|     (36 bars guitar solo)
		      Deep purple, the best
Newsgroups: soc.culture.hongkong
From: wsl1@cec1.wustl.edu (Wing Suen Lee)
Subject: Job !
Organization: Washington University, St. Louis Mo.
Date: Sat, 11 Apr 1992 01:33:23 GMT

	Hi! I am gonna graduate in Dec,92 with a M.S. in EE and planning to 

look for a job in Bay Area(San Francisco) since my family is there.  Can

any of you guys give me some idea how difficult to get a job out there?

And please provide some informations about daily work as an engineer, since

I have never had any co-op experience (only some research experience).  


	Greatly appreciate your time and idea.
	

						Wilson Lee

Newsgroups: soc.culture.hongkong
From: hpang@caen.engin.umich.edu (Ho Sun Pang)
Subject: Re: I N S T A N T   N O O D L E S
Date: Wed, 08 Apr 92 01:01:43 EDT
Organization: University of Michigan Engineering, Ann Arbor
Distribution: usa

In article <1992Apr08.042537.167472@cs.cmu.edu> wkau+@cs.cmu.edu (Wing Keung F Au) writes:
>
>talking about instant noodles, does any one out there eat the instant
>noodles from korea, extra hot?  back in my rochester days, i cooked two
>bags at a time, with double the MSG, then boiled 2 bowls of water til
>it became 1.  oh my god, it's soooooo hot!!!!   best for the freezing
>nights!
>
>I LOVE IT!!
>
>-- 
>
>				    FRed W. Au
>				    ...!cmu.edu!au+, au+@cmu.edu

Which brand did you eat most?  I used to eat 3 Korean instant noodle meals a day when
was at Cornell.  The most spicy (hot) ones usually have very strong seafood favor 
(especially shrimp), but I like the lightly fried Korean noodles most.  (I guess
most Korean noodles taste much much better then the Japanese's)

- Louis Pang
  (segmentation_fault@um.cc.umich.edu)

P.S.  May be we need a little break and stop making sense for a while.  Hey, my ROOT
      is in China man!  Look, can I convince INS to give a green card!?  (If you don't
      know what am I talking about, you'd better read some Chinese newspaper - US 
      INS gonna issue green card to all visa students from mainland China in the next
      year, probably by July 1993.  Details to be released by INS soon)


Newsgroups: soc.culture.hongkong
From: alaw@portia.Stanford.EDU (Alvin Law)
Subject: Re: Air Fare from S.F. to H.K.
Organization: AIR, Stanford University
	<3407@equinox.unr.edu>
Date: 14 Apr 92 22:31:33

chiu@pyramid.unr.edu (Edward S.N.Chiu) writes:
>I bought one for May 11. It is $490 including Reno - San Francisco. So
>you may just take about $50 off from my price. (Airline: Singapore).

>BUT the date is very important. June, July, and August are regarded as
>HIGH season. I tried to book tickets (round-trip) for my parents
>San Francisco - HK. IT IS $870. It is crazy. Does anybody in the net
>know where can I get a cheaper price? (Departure Date: June 15).
>Yeah, almost forgot: The agents told me that if the departure date
>is right before June or after August then the price will drop 
>tremendously...

It costs me $725 for a SFO<->HKG ticket in February, so $870 for a RT
ticket during summer time is not bad.  BTW, the peak season for trans
Pacific travel (according to United's pricing structure) is from June
15 to September 15.  It might be slightly different for SQ...

For cheaper fare, you might want to try Delta or Canadian
International.  The catch is, Delta flies LAX<->HKG (total elapse
time, including stop over in LAX, is around 18 hours), which means you
need to fly down to LA to catch the flight; for Canadian
International, you have to go through US immigration in Vancouver,
which could be a headache.

--
 =============================================================================
	Alvin W. Law			Email : alaw@leland.stanford.edu
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
	    T minus 1905 days and counting.  Time is running out ...
 =============================================================================
From: v999r377@ubvmsb.cc.buffalo.edu (J. Salleh)
Newsgroups: soc.culture.hongkong
Subject: Re: The magazine of Tin Ha
Date: 13 Apr 92 18:47:00 GMT
Distribution: soc.culture.hongkong
Organization: University at Buffalo
News-Software: VAX/VMS VNEWS 1.41

In article <qfphbqn7@csv.warwick.ac.uk>, cstdxcq@warwick.ac.uk (Mark Leung) writes...
> 
>          I wonder if any of you have read the magazine of Tin Ha (100th).
>I was really looking forward to seeing this edition but I am very disappointed
>after I have read it. I thought that it would be very, very ,very interesting
>and exciting but it is much behind my expectation. There are too many pages of
>advertisements. Also, I wonder how could 'Tin Wong' kill 'Kuen To Sun' so
>easily! The publication of Tin Ha has changed from weekly to 10 days and
>now even to 2 weeks. This really depresses all the sincere readers like me.
> 
>Mark
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Somehow I found that the endings of some Bad guys in Tin Ha, e.g. Hung Bar,
Kuen To Sun, are not in real bad situation.  They usually weren't beaten to
death, but finished in some less violent way.  I guess Ma Wing Sing doesn't
want to put too much on revenge, rather, he stresses on the fate of the bad
guys being finished by heavenly devine or destiny.

Just an opinion.

J.S.
From: kokwok@eeserv.ee.umanitoba.ca (julian)
Newsgroups: soc.culture.hongkong
Subject: Re: HK driver licence
Date: 15 Apr 92 15:38:46 GMT
Distribution: usa
Organization: Elect & Comp Engineering, U of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba,Canada

In article <12423@tamsun.tamu.edu>, wwong@cs.tamu.edu (Wai-Kwok Wong) writes:
|> 
|> One of my friends is going to return to HK. Can she use her Texas driver licenceto apply
|> a HK driver licence? If yes, how?
|> 
|> Is an international driving permit useful?

As I know ( because I did that ) , she may apply for a HK driver's licence

if she has left HK for a period of time ( maybe aone or one and a half year ).

The reason is that a lot of people can not get a driver's licence. They went go 

other countries, like: China, USA, Canada.

One more thing, she may use an international driver's licence <=> she is not a 

citizen of HK. ( I think that the international driver's licence is for tourist only. )
Newsgroups: soc.culture.hongkong
From: kanj@bullet.ecf.toronto.edu (KAN  JOHN KWOK LEUNG)
Subject: Re: I N S T A N T   N O O D L E S
Organization: University of Toronto, Engineering Computing Facility
Distribution: usa
Date: Wed, 8 Apr 1992 13:51:38 GMT

In article <1992Apr08.042537.167472@cs.cmu.edu> wkau+@cs.cmu.edu (Wing Keung F Au) writes:
>
>talking about instant noodles, does any one out there eat the instant
>noodles from korea, extra hot?  back in my rochester days, i cooked two
>bags at a time, with double the MSG, then boiled 2 bowls of water til
>it became 1.  oh my god, it's soooooo hot!!!!   best for the freezing
>nights!
>
>I LOVE IT!!
>
>-- 
>
>				    FRed W. Au
>				    ...!cmu.edu!au+, au+@cmu.edu


   My friend once had a bowl when someone played a trick on him.  They put
in FOUR packs of  that HOT POWDER (The RED stuff).  He didn't know but just
thought it was redder than normal.  He blew his TOP.  But it was after that
that he really enjoyed eating spicy hot food.  So maybe some good comes from
eating that kind of stuff.  But I wouldn't want to risk my taste buds on
it. 8->

    0->  --  Cyclops!

ttfn
				A. Mak
A209MAKA@CDF.TORONTO.EDU ----------------------------------- Alexander Mak

Newsgroups: soc.culture.hongkong
From: fchan@engws7.ic.sunysb.edu (Fung Chan)
Subject: Re: Cow ---- Part 1 (Graphic)
Organization: State University of New York at Stony Brook
Date: Thu, 16 Apr 1992 21:28:40 GMT

In article <1992Apr15.172527.7019@cam.compserv.utas.edu.au> shsieh@esk (Melva Hs
ieh) writes:
>
>       If you really do have 3000 lines of cow, I love to have a copy,
>
>please send me, my address :
>
>       shsieh@pieman.compserv.utas.edu.au
>
>       Thank you, Happy Easter !

>Me too! my address : wchau@acsu.buffalo.edu


Can you send me a copy too ???  Thanks !!!

my address : fchan@ic.sunysb.edu
-- 

*~*~*~*~*~*~State University Of New York At Stony Brook~*~*~*~*~*~*
*       Fung  Chan           Internet : fchan@ic.sunysb.edu       *
*   Computer  Science        Bitnet   : fchan@ccvm.sunysb.edu     *
*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*
Newsgroups: soc.culture.hongkong
From: stevew@helios.unl.edu (Steve Wu)
Subject: Re: Kuo Ka-fai (Re: WONG LISA's show besides singing ...)
Organization: University of Nebraska - Lincoln
Date: 16 Apr 92 15:20:34 GMT

abs0@coos.dartmouth.edu (Kelvin Leung) writes:

>s6883289@titan.ucc.umass.edu (Peter Hawkins) writes:

>>yup, that's one reason i don't like music from hongkong: too much copying,
>>too few originals. i hate songs copied from english pop songs. after you 
>>listen to the original version, it makes you puke to hear the cantonese 
>>version.

>	Well, what am I trying to say here?  I just want to make a point:
>not every copied song is bad.  However, I personally value original creations
>higher and would definitely like to see (or listen to) more pieces wrote 
>by Hong Kong artists. 

  By the way, Pavrotti, Dominico and another most famorus tenor (I
don't remember how to spell his name) sang some other singer's songs
in their last concert in Rome, Definitly, they sang better than those
original singers did.  Rearranging or rewiting other's music are not
bad, the bad thing is not mentioning the original composers and
hornoring them.

  steve
--
stevew@helios.unl.edu  |=| \ Fender / |=| ... smoke on the water, fire in
                       |=|   \    /   |=| the sky...   Smoke on the water.
stevew@hoss.unl.edu    |=|     \/     |=|     (36 bars guitar solo)
		      Deep purple, the best
Newsgroups: soc.culture.pakistan
From: anajam@athena.mit.edu (ADIL NAJAM)
Subject: phir hum he qatl ho aaiN, yaaro, chalo (FAIZ)
Organization: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Date: Sun, 12 Apr 1992 18:08:00 GMT


Dear SCP friends, 

For some odd reason I was again and again reminded of this beautiful poem by Faiz
as I was walking to the University this morning........This particular nazm (like
many other verses from Faiz) have been worthy "tanhai kay saathi" for me during
my stay in the U.S.  AS it echoed through my head this morning I thought of how 
appropriate it is for all of us...and also for some of the recent debates going
on in SCP............so here goes..........enjoy

	[BTW, Zia Zafir, if I have made any mistakes, do please correct them] 


	aaj baazar meiN pa-bajolaaN chalo
	dast afshaan chalo, masto-raqsaan chalo		
	khak barsar chalo, khouN badamaaN chalo
	rah takta hai sub shehr-e-jaanaN, chalo

	hakim-e-shehr bhi, majma-e-aam bhi
	sang-e-ilzaam bhi, teer-e-dushnaam bhi
	subh-i-nashaad bhi, roz-e-nakaam bhi

	inn ka dumm saaz apnay sewa koon hai
	shehr-e-jaanaaN meiN aab ba-safa kon hai
	dast-e-qatil kay shayaaN raha kon hai
	
	rakht-e-dill baandh lo, dil-figaro, chalo
	phir humm he qatl ho aaiN, yaaro, chalo

	
	ADIL [......boll kay laab aazad haiN tairay.......] NAJAM
Newsgroups: soc.culture.pakistan
From: nabeel@sce.carleton.ca (Nabeel Ghuzlaan)
Subject: Re: Reply #2 to Mr. Jamal Mubarak
Organization: Carleton University
Date: Wed, 8 Apr 1992 18:21:35 GMT

umnoor@ccu.umanitoba.ca (Nasir Ahmed Noor) writes:

>In <DAh+5q#@engin.umich.edu> jamal@caen.engin.umich.edu (Jamal Mubarak) writes:

>>Are you trying to say that you are going to give me an interpretation of
>>a word for which no reference exists, and I should believe you?  Are you
>>some prophet or what?

>Sir, The only reference I gave was from Quran. My post did contain a Hadith
>in which Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) was quoted calling Hazrat Ali ``Khatam
>Aulia'', as this Hadith does not appear in Siha Sitah and so is unacceptable
>to a lot of you so I withdraw this Hadith as my reference. But this will not
>make any difference as who ever read my post would know that proof was given
>from Quran.

>Please hold your followup/reply till you read my next post titled ``reply #3''

   While you are at it, why don't you quote some Hadiths about Mahdi/Messiah
(with full reference to famous Hadith books) and explain to us some about
them?

   Thanx in advance.

**Nabeel
From: zafir@unssun.nevada.edu (Zia Zafir)
Newsgroups: soc.culture.pakistan
Subject: Anyone in Dallas?
Date: 10 Apr 92 00:37:19 GMT
Reply-To: zafir@unssun.nevada.edu (Zia Zafir)
Distribution: usa
Organization: University of Nevada, Reno

I will be in Dallas from April 13-15 for a conference Insha Allah.

I will be staying in Hampton Inn, 455 Beltway, Addison, TX 75244
Phone: (214)991-2800.

Is there any net friend whom I can meet there.  My paper is in
the morning of April 14th.  I will be done by 10 am.  After that 
I can spare some time.

Zia Zafir
Newsgroups: soc.culture.pakistan
From: mughal@iago.caltech.edu (ASIM M MUGHAL)
Subject: Re: Asian Development Bank
News-Software: VAX/VMS VNEWS 1.40    
Keywords: Report.
Organization: California Institute of Technology
Date: Wed, 15 Apr 1992 08:31:00 GMT

In article <1992Apr14.195307@IASTATE.EDU>, aamir@IASTATE.EDU (Mohammad Asif) writes...
>I am looking for the article posted a couple of days back giving statistics
>issued by the Asian Development Bank giving figures as to GDP, inflation rates
>etc.
>Thanks.

From Pakistan News Service archives, per your request posting file 
APR11-92.NEWS-SCP-GDP.

=============================================================================
Xref: nntp-server.caltech.edu soc.culture.indian:70479 soc.culture.pakistan:19530
From: hassan@cup.portal.com (hassan monu alam)
Newsgroups: soc.culture.indian,soc.culture.pakistan
Subject: Asian Development Bank growth figures
Date: Fri, 10 Apr 92 15:16:03 PDT
Organization: The Portal System (TM)


    Reuter, Manila, April 10 - The Asian Development Bank (ADB) gave the
following projections for growth in real gross domestic product (GDP)
and inflation for 1992 and 1993 (in pct):

                              GDP             Inflation
                       1991  1992  1993    1991  1992  1993
   NICs                 7.3   7.1   7.1     7.7   7.2   6.6
 Hong Kong              4.0   5.8   6.0    12.3  10.5   8.5
 South Korea            8.3   7.3   7.1     9.7   9.4   8.5
 Singapore              7.0   6.1   7.0     3.4   3.0   3.0
 Taiwan                 7.3   7.5   7.7     3.5   3.4   3.7

                               GDP             Inflation
                       1991  1992  1993    1991  1992  1993
 North Asia             7.0   7.8   7.5     3.0   7.0   6.0
  China                 7.0   7.8   7.5     3.0   7.0   6.0
  Mongolia            -18.0  -6.0  -1.5   130.0  50.0  30.0

                               GDP             Inflation
                        1991  1992  1993    1991  1992  1993
Southeast Asia           5.9   6.7   7.1     8.8   8.1   7.1
   Burma                 3.7   4.0   4.1    28.7  26.0  25.0
   Indonesia             6.4   6.7   7.0     9.2   9.0   8.0
   Laos                  4.0   7.1   5.9    10.4   9.5   9.0
   Malaysia              8.6   8.5   8.0     4.5   5.0   5.0
   Philippines          -1.0   2.8   4.3    17.7  13.0   9.0
   Thailand              7.5   8.0   8.1     5.8   6.0   6.0
   Vietnam               3.8   5.0   4.5    78.9  45.0  20.0

                                GDP             Inflation
                         1991  1992  1993    1991  1992  1993
 South Asia               2.7   4.6   5.0    14.6   8.9   8.3
   Bangladesh             3.3   4.7   5.2     7.4   9.1   9.2
   Bhutan                 3.5   4.0   4.6    11.5  10.5  10.0
   India                  2.0   4.3   4.8    14.4   7.5   7.0
   Nepal                  4.0   3.5   4.0    15.4  16.0  12.0
   Pakistan               6.5   6.7   7.2    12.2   8.0   7.0
   Sri Lanka              5.0   5.9   5.6    12.0  11.0  10.0
==========================================================================

Asim M Mughal

Spokesman,
Pakistan News Service
PAKISTAN @ ASUACAD.BITnet
Newsgroups: soc.culture.pakistan