HDTenEightyP/NetNews huggingface dataset:
From: meltsner@crd.ge.com (Kenneth J Meltsner)
Newsgroups: sci.materials,sci.misc
Subject: Re: Pop Corn Physics and Chemistry
Date: 1 Sep 92 13:27:22 GMT
Reply-To: meltsner@crd.ge.com
Organization: GE Research and Development Center



In article <m0mPFSn-000FNAC@wet.uucp>, wet!noah@well.sf.ca.us (Noah
Spurrier) writes:

|>Anyone out there interested in some amateur physics and chem of pop corn?
|>
|>I am looking for any information or references to the physics and chemistry
|>of pop corn.  What is the velocity of the pop (i.e. How long does it take
|>to go from kernel to pop corn?)  What is the mechanism of the pop?  What
|>temperatures and pressures are formed inside the corn kernel in order for
|>it to pop?  Why does the material inside the kernel behave the way it does?
|>Do any other grains behave this way?  Do we get Rice puffs the same way we
|>get poped corn?

Well, if I could find my 10th grade science fair project, I could send
you a pretty good summary.  It concerned the use of a vacuum to
enhance the popping of corn.

Here's what I remember:

Corn pops because heat converts internal water into steam, which at
around 400 F explosively breaks the kernel's shell and expands.  The
shell must be pretty hard, since there was no appreciable difference
in popping temperature in a vacuum.  Rice and wheat pop in about the
same way, although they lack the hard shell that makes popcorn "pop"
-- they tend to puff instead, but in both cases it's due to expansion
of steam.

You could probably figure out the vapor pressure of water at 400 F to
get a good estimate of the maximum internal pressure in the corn
before it pops.  

Professor C. Gene Haugh of Purdue University graciously answered a
number of questions for me fifteen years ago; I have no idea whether
he is still there.  I still have my autographed "Orville Redenbacker"
popcorn cookbook, though.  There's an American Popcorn Institute
somewhere; you might check on the back of popcorn containers or call
one of the big packers.

The folks that worry about these things are called "agricultural
engineers," not materials engineers, but I thought I'd answer this one
since it was the start of my scientific misadventures.

===============================================================================
Ken Meltsner                        | meltsner@crd.ge.com (518) 387-6391
GE Research and Development Center  | Fax:  (518) 387-7495
P.O. Box 8, Room K1/MB207	    | Nothing I say should be attributed
Schenectady, NY 12301               | to my employer, and probably vice-versa
================ Materials and Manufacturing, World O' Stuff ==================
From: a750288@pan.mc.ti.com (John E. Brennan)
Newsgroups: sci.materials
Subject: 2 plastics questions
Date: 31 Aug 92 16:59:04 GMT
Organization: Texas Instruments Materials and Controls Group

I'm hoping somebody can give me some help with these questions.

1.  What adhesives can bond high density polyethylene to rigid PVC or 
    HDPE to itself?  The bonds would be used in outdoor applications.

2.  What plastics would be resistant to soaking in hot transmission fluid?


Any help or guidance would be greatly appreciated.  Thanks a lot!

Take Care,
 
John 



----------------------------------------------------------------------------
                            
John Brennan 

a750288@pan.mc.ti.com 
Newsgroups: sci.materials
From: jbp@rti.rti.org
Subject: Re: Gallium Nitride in cubic form?
Organization: Research Triangle Institute, RTP, NC
Date: Sun, 23 Aug 92 17:00:21 GMT

In article <+40m-xm@lynx.unm.edu> Swami srinivasan writes:
>	Here's my question - is there a way to find a suitable 
>substrate or growing conditions whereby GaN can be grown cubic? If
>there are any references, please do send me the information. BTW,
>the reason i ask is that i recall someone having said that it was
>possible. 

Cubic GaN has been grown on beta-SiC (1) and basal plane sapphire (2).
(1) M.J. Paisley, Z. Sitar, J.B. Posthill, and R.F. Davis, ``Growth of 
    Cubic Phase Gallium Nitride by Gas Source Molecular Beam Epitaxy'', 
    Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology A, vol. 7 (1989) 701.

(2) T.P. Humphreys, C.A. Sukow, R.J. Nemanich, J.B. Posthill, R.A. 
    Rudder, S.V. Hattangady, and R.J. Markunas, ``Microstructural and 
    Optical Characterization of GaN Films Grown by PECVD on (0001) 
    Sapphire Substrates'', Materials Research Society Symposium 
    Proceedings, vol. 162 (1990) 531.

There have been a couple of reviews of the wide-band-gap nitride field
recently, and I recommend: 
S. Strite and H. Morkoc, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 10(4), July/Aug 1992, 
pp. 1237-1266.  That ought to get you started.

>Are there any better substrates than Sapphire, which is the most 
>common one? 

Depends on exactly what you want grow and what technologies that you 
have for cleaning the substrates and growing the films. Lattice matching
is only one of several important factors required for ``good''
heteroepitaxial film growth. In short, there is no simple answer to your
question.  We must resort to the ubiquitous phrase, ``further research 
is required''.  Hope that helps.
-- 
John Posthill  jbp@rti.rti.org
Newsgroups: sci.materials
From: bill@wsuaix.csc.wsu.edu (William E. Johns;S23015)
Subject: Re: 2 plastics questions
Organization: Washington State University
Date: Mon, 31 Aug 92 20:49:52 GMT

In article <a750288.16@pan.mc.ti.com> a750288@pan.mc.ti.com (John E. Brennan) writes:
>I'm hoping somebody can give me some help with these questions.
>
>1.  What adhesives can bond high density polyethylene to rigid PVC or 
>    HDPE to itself?  The bonds would be used in outdoor applications.

I would guess that your best luck would be in bonding HDPE to PVC or itself
would be with HDPE itself.  Use it as a hot melt.

>2.  What plastics would be resistant to soaking in hot transmission fluid?

I just gotto believe there are lots and lots.  How hot?  Nylons, delrin,
PTFE, what's the application?
>
Ride Free,

Bill
________________________________________________________________
bill@wsuaix.csc.wsu.edu if you feel compelled to send email
johnsw@wsuvm1.csc.wsu.edu if you seriously expect an answer
AMA #500924   DoD #00314   WMTC #0002   SR= 2.125
FJ1200 R100GS/PD 740GLE  KotV KotRR KotD #0001  :-)
\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/

An adventure is only an inconvenience rightly understood.
An inconvenience is only an adventure wrongly considered.
                                               Chesterton
Newsgroups: sci.materials
From: alison@wsrcc.com (Alison Chaiken)
Subject: Re: Permalloy
Organization: W S Rupprecht Computer Consulting, Fremont CA
Date: Thu, 3 Sep 1992 04:59:30 GMT

app@shamash.cdc.com ( GSD Advanced Packing/Processes) writes:
>In article <BtwExB.Gto@news.cso.uiuc.edu> ritley@uiucmrl.bitnet () writes:
>>Anyone know what PERMALLOY is commonly used for?
>PERMALLOY is an old permanent magnet alloy   
>My impression is that they have been
>largely supplanted by ceramic magnets for permanent magnet
>applications.
>Steve Axdal
>Computing Devices International
>app@shamash.cdc.com

Yes, permalloy is a permanent magnet, but its applications are quite
distinct from those of most ceramic magnets, so it has not been
supplanted by ceramic magnets for most of its applications.

Some ceramic magnets such as Nd2Fe14B and hexagonal ferrites and
rare-earth magnets like SmCo belong to the class of HARD magnets.
These magnets will only reverse or lose their magnetization in a large
external applied field, so they are good for harse EMI environments
where power losses are not critical.  Example: holding notes on the
refrigerator, creating pulses in a pickup coil for a rotation sensor,
computer hard disk media.

Permalloy and other transition-metal alloy magnets are more typically
SOFT magnets.  These magnets are typically used as transducers/sensors
in systems where you want a large magnetization (or magnetoresistance)
change for a small external field change.  These magnets are used for
example in magnetoresistive read heads in hard drives.  Some soft
magnets are used for magnetic shielding.  The famous mu metal is a
small variant of permalloy.

On the other hand, many cubic ferrites are soft magnets.  Soft
ferrites are ubiquitous in transformer cores.

Very often hard magnets and soft magnets are used in pairs in position sensor
systems.    The hard magnet will be glued to the moving part and the
soft magnet will be used to sense its position.

More info: _Physics of Magnetism_ by Chikazumi and Charap


-- 
Alison Chaiken 				alison@wsrcc.com
(510) 422-7129 [daytime] 		or chaiken@cmsgee.llnl.gov
(510) 422-7300 [FAX]
Live fast, die young, leave a long publication list.
Newsgroups: sci.materials
From: nrg0345@uxa.cso.uiuc.edu (N Rajagopalan)
Subject: PEBAX FILMS- SUPPLIERS?
Organization: University of Illinois at Urbana
Distribution: usa
Date: Sun, 30 Aug 1992 14:11:16 GMT

Hi!
	Can someone help me with locating suppliers of PEBA (poly ethert
block amide) in film form? I am told that Schoeller Technical Paper
does supply this. Does anyone know where they are located/phone #s
would be very helpful. 

Thanks

Kishore
From: tj32633@uxa.cso.uiuc.edu (Ronin)
Newsgroups: sci.materials
Subject: Help --> Looking for info about Enameling
Date: 2 Sep 92 18:04:33 GMT
Organization: University of Illinois at Urbana

Hi,  I am look for information on the process of enameling.  The type of 
enameling that I am referring to is the type used on things like sinks and
bathtubs.  I am looking for technical procedures as well as the types of 
materials used and what types of metal enameling can be done on.

If you have any knowledge or know where I can find information, I would really
appreciate your help!!!!

Thanks in advance!
-- 
Ted Jan                                       EMT-A
tj32633@uxa.cso.uiuc.edu                      Basic Life Support Certified
University of Illinois                        First Aid Instructor
					      Community CPR Instructor
Newsgroups: sci.materials
From: ritley@uimrl7.mrl.uiuc.edu ()
Subject: Permalloy
Reply-To: ritley@uiucmrl.bitnet ()
Organization: Materials Research Lab
Date: Tue, 1 Sep 1992 12:05:34 GMT


Anyone know what PERMALLOY is commonly used for?  I was lead to believe
it was used for masks on CRT screens, but I have recently been informed that
INVAR is more commonly used for this purpose.
Xref: sparky sci.materials:655 trial.rec.metalworking:218
From: dillard@ccwf.cc.utexas.edu (Alex Dillard)
Newsgroups: sci.materials,trial.rec.metalworking
Subject: Re: ISRI
Date: 23 Aug 92 22:34:33 GMT
Followup-To: sci.materials
Distribution: usa
Organization: The University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX

In article <BD.92Aug19104855@fluent.UUCP> bd%fluent@dartmouth.EDU writes:
>Institute of Scrap Recycling Industries (ISRI)
>1627 K St., N.W. Suite 700
>Washington, DC  20006
>Phone:  (202) 466-4050
>Fax:    (202) 775-9109
>
>The biggest metals group I know is:
>
>ASM Int'l.
>Metals Park, OH  44073
>Phone:  (216) 338-5151
>Fax:    (216) 338-4634
>
   ASM International
   Materials Park, OH 44073-0002
   Tel: (216) 338-5151
   Telex: 98 0619 ASMINT
   Fax: (216) 4634

also 

   TMS
   420 Commonwealth Dr.
   Warrendale PA 15086-7514
   Tel: (412) 776-9011
   Fax: (412) 776-3770

   TMS sponsors conferences like the 7th Wrold Conference on Titanium, held 
this year in San Deigo, CA
-- 
 \ _
 - o  We were once so close to Heaven, Peter came out and gave us medals,
  ^   declaring us the nicest of the Damned. - They Might Be Giants
        Alex  dillard@ccwf.cc.utexas.edu 
Xref: sparky sci.materials:676 sci.misc:1564
From: 5916rahmank@vms.csd.mu.edu
Newsgroups: sci.materials,sci.misc
Subject: Re: Pop Corn Physics and Chemistry
Date: Thu, 03 Sep 1992 16:42:29 GMT
Organization: Marquette University - Computer Services
Reply-To: 5916rahmank@vms.csd.mu.edu
NNTP-Posting-Host: vmsd.csd.mu.edu

In article <m0mPFSn-000FNAC@wet.uucp>, wet!noah@well.sf.ca.us (Noah Spurrier) writes:
>
|>Anyone out there interested in some amateur physics and chem of pop corn?
|>
|>I am looking for any information or references to the physics and chemistry
|>of pop corn.  What is the velocity of the pop (i.e. How long does it take
|>to go from kernel to pop corn?)  What is the mechanism of the pop?  What
|>temperatures and pressures are formed inside the corn kernel in order for
|>it to pop?  Why does the material inside the kernel behave the way it does?
|>Do any other grains behave this way?  Do we get Rice puffs the same way we
|>get poped corn?
|>
|>If you could site any books or journal articles then I would be especially
|>happy.
|>
|>Reply post and send Email to
|>noah@wet.UUCP

	It syou have a situation to perform an impedance
spectroscopic experiment to follow the "popping mechanism" of the
kernel. One of my advisors did experiments on the ripenning mechanism
of banana fruits. I don't have reference handy but you might look
under M. A. Seitz in the international journal for hybrid microelecronics
in the 80s. I can envision that doing impedance spectroscopic expts.
one can come up with an equivalent circuit model to understand the
physical processes inside the kernel during popping...
	Just a thought.

	Anis Rahman
	Dept. of EECE (Materials group)
	Marquette University.
From: radoias@charity.llumc.edu (costin radoias)
Newsgroups: sci.materials
Subject: Which copper alloy?
Date: 1 Sep 92 00:39:10 GMT
Organization: LLUMC Radiation Research Lab

Sorry if I posted this twice, but I think it didn't go through the first time.

Does anyone know how COPPER ALLOYS INTERACT WITH DEIONIZED WATER?
I will be purchasing copper tubing to be used as a water cooled electrical
conductor.  The cooling water is deionized, and about 5 Mohms/cm.
I can get the tubing in several alloys:
 Alloy 101: Copper 99.99%, ------------------->	Conductivity = 101% IACS.
 Alloy 102: Copper 99.95%, ------------------->	Conductivity = 101% IACS.
 Alloy 103: Copper 99.95%, Phosphorus 0.005%,->	Conductivity = 101% IACS.
 Alloy 110: Copper 99.90%, Oxygen 0.05%, ----->	Conductivity = 101% IACS.
 Alloy 120: Copper 99.90%, Phosphorus 0.02%, ->	Conductivity = 85% IACS.

The electrical current is very large (4000 Amps), therefore, I prefer the
alloys with highest conductivity (101, 102, 103, 110).

So far I've only used alloy 110, but now I can't find a manufacturer that will
make tubing out of alloy 110.

Question #1. Will the other alloys (101, 102, 103) interact with our De-ionized
cooling water?  Specifically, would the phosphorus come out in solution and 
plague us with problems? (the cooling water resistivity must be above 5
 Mohms/cm at all times)
Where can I look up this kind of information?

Question #2.  How does alloy 110 differ from alloy 102 in terms of electrical
 characteristics, and what does the Oxygen do for its properties?

Question #3.  What is IACS?  I understand that 100% material is the most
conductive possible.  So how come the manufacturers specify my alloys are 101%
IACS?

Related Question:  When someone advertises Oxygen-free speaker cable, they
imply that it is somhow better.  Is it? How? or is it just another advertising
gimmick?

Thanks in advance for your help.
------------------------------------------------------------
Costin Radoias, EE, Proton Beam Therapy Facility
Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA
internet:radoias@proton.llumc.edu
Newsgroups: sci.materials
From: zukicn@wl.aecl.ca
Subject: COMPUTER MODELLER Position - R&D
Organization: AECL RESEARCH
Date: Thu, 27 Aug 1992 15:12:05 GMT

I am posting this for my manager & branch. Do NOT send your resumes, 
inquiries, etc. to me, as it all has to go through the Human
Resources and the person listed below. Our phone is: (204) 753-2311. 

Thank you,

Nermin Zukic

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

               RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITIES

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             depending on qualifications and experience


        A Computer Modeller/Analyst is required to develop and
        utilize computer codes to analyze the thermal and
        mechanical response of CANDU fuel channels under transient
        conditions.  Immediate work involves the development of
        theoretical models or computer codes to facilitate the
        understanding of the physical phenomena embedded in the
        various experiments, and the comparison of the actual
        experimental results with the predictions.

        An advanced degree in Mechanical, Chemical or Nuclear
        Engineering, Applied Mathematics, or Physics is preferred,
        although a bachelors degree with high academic standing and
        relevant experience in research will also be considered.  

        A strong background in heat transfer and scientific
        programming is essential.  Additional background in fluid
        flow dynamics, solid mechanics or materials science is
        desirable.  Demonstrated technical report writing and oral
        communications skills would be useful assets.

        The Whiteshell Laboratories is located at Pinawa, an
  attractive recreational/residential community on the banks of the
  Winnipeg River, northeast of Winnipeg.  We are a 1000 employee
  laboratory with research interests in both nuclear and non-
  nuclear activities.  The laboratory has a strong, comprehensive
  complement of in-house support services/facilities and research
  is well supported with advanced experimental equipment and
  computers.


  INTERESTED?    Contact A. Portman
                 AECL Research
                 Whiteshell Laboratories
                 Pinawa, Manitoba
                 R0E 1L0
                 (File No. WSR2017)
From: sdb@redbeard.physics.fsu.edu (Scott D. Berry)
Newsgroups: sci.materials
Subject: Re: SEEKING SOURCE FOR THIN METAL FILMS
Date: 27 Aug 92 14:22:18 GMT
Organization: Florida State University

In article <Btn89J.MG6@news.cso.uiuc.edu> ritley@uiucmrl.bitnet () writes:
>
>
>Might anyone know of commercial sources for thin (and preferably single
>crystal) FREESTANDING (i.e., unsupported by a substrate)
>metal films, say 1000 A to a few microns?  
>
Free standing foils (polycrystalline) are routine in the nuclear and
high energy atomic collision physics community -- you buy films deposited
on glass slides, float them off onto the surface of water, and then pick them
up (VERY carefully, especially if only 200 A) onto a holder.  Talk to 
your nearest accelerator jockeys for the latest info about sources.

As far as single crystal films, they do exist -- I have been on experiments
using them (years ago), but I have no idea where the best sources are.
I would expect if you found out typical sources of the polycrystalline films
the suppliers would know who does the single crystal foils.

>I have been told someone at the University of Denmark (?) routinely
>produces high quality thin metal films, but I don't know the details
>or whether anyone else produces these as well.
>
>Many thanks!

Scott D. Berry    Assistant Professor of Physics    Florida State University
315 Keen Bldg, B-159, Tallahassee, FL 32306-3016    (904) 644-1218
INTERNET:   berry@redbeard.physics.fsu.edu    BITNET:   berry@fsu
Newsgroups: sci.materials
From: a750288@pan.mc.ti.com (John E. Brennan)
Subject: Re: 2 plastics questions
Organization: Texas Instruments Materials and Controls Group
Date: Fri, 4 Sep 1992 13:14:32 GMT

In article <1992Aug31.204952.29444@serval.net.wsu.edu> bill@wsuaix.csc.wsu.edu (William E. Johns;S23015) writes:
>In article <a750288.16@pan.mc.ti.com> a750288@pan.mc.ti.com (John E. Brennan) writes:
>>I'm hoping somebody can give me some help with these questions.
>>
>>1.  What adhesives can bond high density polyethylene to rigid PVC or 
>>    HDPE to itself?  The bonds would be used in outdoor applications.

>I would guess that your best luck would be in bonding HDPE to PVC or itself
>would be with HDPE itself.  Use it as a hot melt.


THANKS A BUNCH FOR THIS!!  We've made up a few samples using a hot melt and
they're doing great.

>>2.  What plastics would be resistant to soaking in hot transmission fluid?

>I just gotto believe there are lots and lots.  How hot?  Nylons, delrin,
>PTFE, what's the application?
>>

The application is a casing for an electrical part inside a transmission.
Temperature would be 250 F or above.

Take Care,
 
John 



----------------------------------------------------------------------------
                            
John Brennan 

a750288@pan.mc.ti.com
From: app@shamash.cdc.com ( GSD Advanced Packing/Processes)
Newsgroups: sci.materials
Subject: Re: Help --> Looking for info about Enameling
Date: 3 Sep 92 15:22:47 GMT
Organization: Control Data, Arden Hills, MN

In article <Btyq7o.9qH@news.cso.uiuc.edu> tj32633@uxa.cso.uiuc.edu (Ronin) writes:
>Hi,  I am look for information on the process of enameling.
>If you have any knowledge or know where I can find information, I would really
>appreciate your help!!!!
>
>Ted Jan                                       EMT-A
>tj32633@uxa.cso.uiuc.edu                      Basic Life Support Certified
>University of Illinois                        First Aid Instructor
>					      Community CPR Instructor
You might try checking the technical libraries for copies of teh ASM
Metals Handbook set.  Volume 5 of the 9th Edition or Volume 2 of the
8th edition deal with Cleaning , Finishing and Coating metals, and
include a section on Porcelain Enameling.  To quote "Porcelain enamels
are glass coatings applied primarily to products made of sheet steel,
cast iron, or aluminum, for improving appearance and protecting the
metal surface.  Porcelain enamels are distinguished from other ceramic
coatings by their predominantly vitreous nature ..."  It goes on to
give frit compositions for enamels for various metals, methods of frit
preparation, and general information about the industrial processes
for enamelling.
Steve Axdal
Computing Devices International
app@shamash.cdc.com
Newsgroups: sci.crypt
From: frank@D012S436.sniap.mchp.sni.de ()
Subject: Re: User authentication
Organization: Siemens-Nixdorf AG
Date: Fri, 28 Aug 92 14:00:33 GMT

brnstnd@nyu.edu (D. J. Bernstein) writes:
: If you never ask the question ``Who are you?'' then you will never be
: given a false answer.
: 
: For *the overwhelming bulk* of human communication it has not proven
: necessary to ask the question. So it is silly to design a ``public-key
: infrastructure'' which forces people to ask the question---and suffers
: all the attendant problems of false answers.

This is O.K. if you're happy with everyone posting anonymously -
as all you're getting is a link from the message which first
publishes the public key to each subsequent message signed with it.

So if this is interesting, how come more people don't post anonymously?
Why is your message signed Dan Bernstein, not Guess Who?

I'd say it's because your identity is important to *you*.  You may
not care who is at this end of the communication, but you sure
as hell care about that end.  I assume that you would be peeved
if 10,000 people started placing "secure" posts associated
with the name Dan Bernstein, for example.  

In fact, I'd say that the reason most people don't need to ask 
the question "who are you?", is because they already think they 
know, or they get told without asking.  It's just that they are 
prepared to trust the answer with very little evidence.  Usually 
they are right.  I'd say your name really is Dan Bernstein,
for example.  And I didn't ask, you told me.  

Actually, I'm playing Devil's advocate a little here - I
do think there is a place for anonymity in a secure newsgroup.  
But I also see applications for secure newsgroups based on
real world identities.  Also, if the anonymity is to have
any real value, you would have to do something to prevent
tracing through the posters mail address.
--
Frank O'Dwyer		       			Disclaimer: 
Siemens-Nixdorf AG 	                        I will deny everything
Tel.  : +49 (89) 636-40639                      Fax.  : +49 (89) 636-45860
e-mail: Frank.ODwyer@sniap.mchp.sni.de
Newsgroups: sci.crypt