HDTenEightyP/NetNews huggingface dataset:
From: bill@nsma.arizona.edu (Bill Skaggs)
Newsgroups: comp.ai.philosophy
Subject: Re: Turing Test Myths
Date: 14 Aug 92 03:15:00 GMT
	<1992Aug13.024527.2079@news.media.mit.edu>
	<BILL.92Aug13130725@ca3.nsma.arizona.edu>
	<1992Aug13.230220.23021@news.media.mit.edu>
Organization: ARL Division of Neural Systems, Memory and Aging, University of
	Arizona

minsky@media.mit.edu (Marvin Minsky, who ought to get some new
News-posting software) writes:

   > What I considered to be wasteful of time were the various lists,
   > over the past month or so, of criteria for defining intelligence
   > as a thing, rather than as a relationship.  This leads people to
   > worry about whether rocks or plants are intelligent, and similar
   > silly things.

For me this has been from the beginning a psychological question.
There is considerable agreement between people in the things they call
intelligent, and I wanted to gain a better understanding of how we
arrive at these judgements.  I don't believe that words like
"intelligence" have any universal significance, but they affect the
way human beings think, and our thinking will be clearer if we
understand their hidden associations.

   > It seems to me that we use the word "intelligence" in regard to
   > mental performances that we admire.

This is the first definition I've seen that I can't easily refute (and
I'll admit that it didn't occur to me).  Very elegant.  But it
naturally leads to the next question: What kind of mental performances
do we admire?  (And related questions, such as, do different cultures
tend to admire different kinds of mental performances?)

	-- Bill
Newsgroups: comp.ai.philosophy
Subject: Re: Turing Test Myths
From: markrose@spss.com (Mark Rosenfelder)
Date: Thu, 13 Aug 1992 20:00:27 GMT
Organization: SPSS Inc.

In article <BILL.92Aug13130725@ca3.nsma.arizona.edu> bill@nsma.arizona.edu (Bill Skaggs) writes:
>Anybody working in Artificial Intelligence must have at least an
>implicit notion of what intelligence is.  Otherwise I could build a
>screwdriver, and say look, I've achieved artificial intelligence! --
>and there would be no grounds for complaint.
>
>Making these implicit notions explicit is a large part of what
>philosophy is about.  It's a dangerous job -- a bad definition can
>lead into nasty tangles of paradox -- but the alternative -- working
>entirely with unanalyzed notions -- is even worse. 

AI researchers are hardly leaving their notions of intelligence unanalyzed.
Arguably their opinions of what intelligence is are manifested in their
programs.  Perhaps it's because of this that Prof. Minsky shows a disdain
for definitions; they're shallow and unsatisfying things compared to
the mass of analysis that precedes and produces an AI program.
Newsgroups: comp.ai.philosophy
From: cpshelle@logos.uwaterloo.ca (cameron shelley)
Subject: Re: what is consciousness for?
Organization: University of Waterloo
Date: Wed, 19 Aug 1992 12:55:04 GMT

rickert@mp.cs.niu.edu (Neil Rickert) writes:
> In article <Bt6K1u.Iyr@watdragon.uwaterloo.ca> cpshelle@logos.uwaterloo.ca (cameron shelley) writes:
> >
> >This reminds me of a theory of culture I learned in anthropology as an
> >undergrad.  One explanation of the function of culture is that it
> >allows for adaptation to environment on a more rapid basis than
> >genetic change.
> 
> >What does this have to do with consciousness?  Consciousness seems
> >necessary to make culture work.  (In some sense, culture and genetics
> 
> While I agree with this assessment of culture, I would hesitate to say
> that it can be used as an explanation of consciousness.  Certainly you
> need consciousness for culture to work.  But in my view, consciousness
> of some degree exists in many other animals (perhaps all mammals, for
> example), and culture has little significance to most of these.  It
> stretches credulity to suggest that the blind mechanisms of evolution
> had so much forsight as to create something for purposes that would
> eventually show up with the appearance of homo sapiens.

Well, if you allow consciousness to exist in degrees, I don't see why
culture shouldn't be seen similarly.  Observation of gorillas and
other simians in the wild seems to show they communicate learned
behaviour across generations, though not at the same level as humans. 
And I would be the last person to tell `Mother Nature' how to run her
business.  

[From a later posting by Neil]
>Actually, it is my suspicion that consciousness is there to increase
>the speed of learning.

This then demands an answer to "what is rapid learning good for"?  As
I remarked in my original posting, both genetic evolution and culture
can be considered forms of communication, from generation to
generation.  Genetic `learning', as you rightly point out, is
randomized and reinforced by environmental constraints.  Cultural
learning, on the other hand, has to be rapid, given the short lifespan
of each individual who must learn it to transmit it.  As you remark,
consciousness would be an advantage in this system if it sped up the
acquisition of learned behaviour. 

</dev/cam
--
      Cameron Shelley        |"In the beginning, there was nothing.  Then
cpshelle@jeeves.uwaterloo.ca | God said `Let there be light', and there
    Davis Centre Rm 2136     | was still nothing, but youse could see it."
 Phone (519) 885-1211 x3390  | --Dave Thomas, SCTV:_Sunrise Semester_
Newsgroups: comp.ai.philosophy
Subject: what is consciousness for?
From: markrose@spss.com (Mark Rosenfelder)
Date: Mon, 17 Aug 1992 17:17:23 GMT
Organization: SPSS Inc.

In article <1992Aug13.025506.2404@news.media.mit.edu> minsky@media.mit.edu (Marvin Minsky) writes:
>Then what might be the functions and the organs of what we call
>consciousness?  

I find this a very interesting question: what is consciousness for?
Why did nature bother to evolve it?  What can't be done without it?

>	We humans do not possess much consciousness.
>	That is, we have very little natural ability to sense
>	what happens within and outside ourselves.

Also very interesting; but this should make the question a bit easier.
We don't have a generalized ability to inspect everything our bodies and
brains are doing; we have access to our current perceptions, emotions,
short-term memory, some of our decision-making, memories triggered by
any of the above.  It should be easier to find the purpose of a facility
so specific...

I would hazard a guess that consciousness allows us to observe and therefore
change our own behavior; in effect it expands the range of objects we can
manipulate to include ourselves.
Newsgroups: comp.ai,comp.ai.shells
From: tony@s3bob.scubed.com (Tony Luu)
Subject: OPS5 to CLIPS translator
Organization: S-Cubed, San Diego California
Date: Thu, 20 Aug 1992 17:57:42 GMT

does such translator exist at all? 
any pointer will be appreciated.


Tony T. Luu

--------------------------------------------------------------------

Maxwell, S-Cubed Division              Phone:  619.587.7248
P.O. Box 1620                          Fax:    619.755.0474
La Jolla,  CA  92038-1620              Internet: tony@scubed.com

--------------------------------------------------------------------

Newsgroups: comp.ai
From: rmt@unh.edu (Roy M Turner)
Subject: Recent DAI books?
Reply-To: rmt@cs.unh.edu (Roy M. Turner)
Organization: Computer Science Department/Marine Systems Eng. Lab., U. New
	Hampshire
Distribution: comp
Date: Thu, 13 Aug 1992 20:02:28 GMT


I will shortly be teaching a course in distributed artificial intelligence and
was wondering if anyone knows of any recent textbooks (wishful thinking, I
know) or other books on the subject?  I have _Readings in Distributed
Artificial Intelligence_ and the two volumes of _Distributed Artificial
Intelligence_ from Morgan Kaufmann, but I thought perhaps someone would know
of more recent books.

Thanks for any info.



--
-------------
Roy M. Turner
Research Assistant Professor
Department of Computer Science/Marine Systems Engineering Laboratory
Kingsbury Hall, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824
Internet:   rmt@cs.unh.edu			Phone: (603)862-2980


Xref: sparky comp.ai:3165 sci.engr.civil:383 sci.engr.chem:430 sci.math:10458 comp.ai.neural-nets:3257 sci.logic:1296 sci.engr:1944
From: henrik@mpci.llnl.gov (Henrik Klagges)
Newsgroups: comp.ai,sci.engr.civil,sci.engr.chem,sci.math,comp.ai.neural-nets,sci.logic,sci.engr
Subject: Re: Fuzzy Logic Short Course Announcement
Date: 20 Aug 92 20:41:17 GMT
Followup-To: comp.ai



Don't want to finicky, but that was pretty much a commercial posting.
It also didn't seem to be terribly well targeted on the research level.

Henrik Klagges
IBM Research division Physics Group Munich
massively parallel group at Lawrence Livermore
From: vassilis@sun.pcl.ac.uk (Vassilis Konstantinou)
Newsgroups: comp.ai.edu
Subject: Lecturer post in AI
Date: 14 Aug 92 11:07:54 GMT
Organization: Polytechnic of Central London


             LECTURER POST IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

             AI DIVISION - SCHOOL OF COMPUTER SCIENCE
		  The University of Westminster


Applications are invited for a Lecturer post in AI to support the
expanding AI  Division  in  our  school.  The  division currently
supports, a B.Sc. in AI, an M.Sc. in Cognitive  Science,  and  an
M.Sc. in Knowledge Engineering. The division also includes a very
active AI Research Group.

The  successful  applicant  is  expected  to  contribute  in  the
teaching of the  above  courses  in  one or more of the following
areas:

     a)   Distributed AI/KBS
     b)   Machine Learning
     c)   Scheduling
     d)   AI-related languages (PROLOG, LISP etc)
     e)   Human Computer Interaction
     f)   Natural Language Understanding
     g)   Alternative Logics (Modal, Temporal etc)
     h)   Computer Vision 

The successful applicant is also  expected  to  contribute  in the
research activities of the AI Research Group.

Applicants for this post must possess:

      1)  Postgraduate qualifications (preferably at Ph.D. level)
          in an AI related area.

      2)  Research experience in an AI related area.

Teaching experience will be an advantage.

The post is  temporary  for  one  year  (full-time)  and  will be
reviewed at the end of the one year period.

To apply send an extensive C.V. to:

        V. Konstantinou
        Head of AI Division
        School of Computer Science
	University of Westminster
        115 New Cavendish Str
        London W1M 8JS, UK.

        Tel: 071-911-5000 ext 3599/3598
        Fax: 071-911-5089
        Email:  vassilis@uk.ac.sun.pcl (JANET)
                vassilis@pcl.sun.ac.uk (Internet)


The deadline for applications is the 30th of August 1992.
-- 
--
V. Konstantinou
Head of A.I. Research Group
School of Computer Science, The Polytechnic of Central London
Newsgroups: comp.ai.edu
From: keith@hsvaic.boeing.com (Keith Johnston)
Newsgroups: comp.ai.edu,comp.edu,misc.education,sci.edu
Subject: Graduate Schools
Date: 11 Aug 92 22:06:11 GMT
Followup-To: comp.ai.edu
Distribution: usa
Organization: Boeing AI Center, Huntsville, AL

Hello everyone!

I am glad to see there is a newsgroup for the area I am considering
for graduate study.  I was wondering if anyone might have suggestions
for schools that have strong ITS or CAI departments.  In my research
so far, I have turned up Northwestern, UT-Austin, and Vanderbilt.

Any suggestions through e-mail would be greatly appreciated, as well
as any comments on this field's future!

Thanks!

						Keith Johnston
Newsgroups: comp.ai.edu
From: arw4@cunixb.cc.columbia.edu (Aaron R Wininger)
Subject: Recomended Course
Reply-To: arw4@cunixb.cc.columbia.edu (Aaron R Wininger)
Organization: Columbia University
Date: Wed, 12 Aug 1992 18:49:15 GMT

I'm an undergrad Applied Physics major and have become extremely interested
in AI and expert systems (mainly as a result of reading too much sci-fi like
Hyperion and Nueromancer). Anyway, if somebody could suggest (generally) what
languages and courses (Applied Math, Comp Sci) (allready know Fortran,Basic)
would be helpful, I would appreciate it.
Thanks in advance.
Aaron

Aaron R. Wininger, Carnivore                 Columbia Plasma Physics Laboratory
arw4@cunixb.cc.columbia.edu                                 Columbia University
wininger@cuplvx.ap.columbia.edu                              New York, NY 10027
      'That which does not kill us, makes us stronger.'  -Nietzche
From: stauchmo@opal.cs.tu-berlin.de (Marc Stauch)
Newsgroups: comp.ai.edu
Subject: request
Summary: request
Keywords: projects, platforms, reports
Date: 13 Aug 92 13:25:38 GMT
Distribution: all
Organization: Techn. University of Berlin, Germany

I am intersted in projects engaged in educational use of computing,
any results, reports, platforms and further information would be very
welcome.
The topics of relevance are: multimedia, remote teaching, virtual
classroom situations and networks.

Please answer by mail to: stauchmo@cs.tu-berlin.de
Thank you.

Marc Stauch.
Newsgroups: comp.ai.edu
From: yil@engr.ucf.edu (Yilmaz Cengeloglu)
Subject: HELP: Automated Air Traffic Controlling and Blackboard System
Organization: engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando
Date: Fri, 14 Aug 1992 18:27:29 GMT



Hi :

I have asked help about Blackboard Architecture couple of months ago.
I have received some responses. Thanks to everyone who helped me. I have
the list of several references related with BBA. If any anyone needs please 
let me know. 

Currently I am still working on my project for my thesis and I neen some more
help. I am explaining what I need first. If you are interested what I am doing
you can continue to read after line. 

I will write simple knowledge bases to solve the conflict and other problems that
occurs at airspace. I do need some help to complete this project and graduate.

	If you know any publication related with
			- Automated Air Traffic Controlling,
			- books that I can get expertise to write knowledge bases       
			  to solve the problems at airspace.
			- Blackbard Systems AND Air Traffic Controlling. 

 	 please let me know. I will keep all information that I will receive
         and I will send anyone request later. 
											  

	  If you know any existing system, project, company related with
	  Automated Air traffic controlling, please let me know. It will
	  be very helpful for my project.

				                           Yilmaz Cengeloglu
				                           Univ. of Central Florida
							   Dept. of Computer Eng. 
							   Orlando, FL    

				                           yilmaz@ists.engr.ucf.edu
							          or
							   yil@engr.ucf.edu


---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

I am preparing prototype Automated Air Traffic Controlling (A-ATC) system to 
prepare and test knowledge bases for each plane in the airspace. I did need a Blackboard
shell for my project. Only commercial system that I found was GBB that marketed by 

Blackboard Technology Group, Inc.;
401 Main St., Amherst, MA  01002, 413/256-8990,
fax: 413/256-3179.

Their price was too high for me to buy as a graduate Student. I have implemented my 
own Blackboard System on SunOS operating system. ( I am not really sure if I should
call Blackboard System.) Different knowledge bases in CLIPS working as a different 
process on the background and uses Blackboard when it is necessary to share fact with 
other knowledge sources. Of course, any other process in C, C++, etc can access the
Blackboard. The type of architecture is easy to distribute more than one computer
using computers networks. If I would continue the project after I got my M.S.
I am still testing it.  

Also, I did implemented a Radar Simulator Using C/C++, X-Windows and IPC facilities
on the SunOS operating system.  Radar simulator is being used by Intelligent Simulation
and Training systems Project at UCF.

A-ATC project is integration of Radar Simulator and Blackboard System.


Newsgroups: comp.ai
From: scm@aiware.in-berlin.de (Harald Schmidt)
Subject: Connection Machine (need infos)
Organization: AIware
Date: Wed, 12 Aug 1992 22:28:43 GMT

hallihallo,

does anybody know what's going on with the CM of Daniel Hills,
I rode his dissertation last time (year 1985, MIT Press <-- the book :-)
and was very suprised. It sounds like a great idea, implementing
next-generation-neurons (cpu/mem), 

congratulations Danial.

Harald
-- 
User:		Harald Schmidt
E-Mail:		scm@aiware.in-berlin.de
Voice:		Berlin - 815 59 75
Data:		Berlin - 815 75 90 (nuucp/nuucp)
Newsgroups: comp.ai
From: daniel@csgi63.dcs.leeds.ac.uk (D N Crow)
Subject: Recent work on Sequence Comparison
Organization: School of Computer Studies, University of Leeds
Date: Wed, 19 Aug 1992 13:37:26 GMT
X-Posted-From: csgi63.leeds.ac.uk
X-Posted-Through: sol.ctr.columbia.edu

In 1983, David Sankoff and Joseph Kruskal wrote a book called "Time Warps,
String Edits and Macromolecules: The Theory and Practice of Sequence
Comparison" which was a collection of papers in the field of Sequence
Comparison. My current work involves the use of various techniques related
to this field and I would like to ask a few questions of the community:

	1) Is there anyone else out there working in sequence
	comparison?

	2) Does anyone know a contact address for Sankoff, Kruskal
	or any of the paper authors from "Time Warps..."?

	3) Does anyone have any more recent references to this
	field?

Your help is greatly appreciated.

-- 
Dan Crow
daniel@scs.leeds.ac.uk
From: hong@nttsgw.yh.ntts.co.jp (Zhang Hong)
Newsgroups: comp.ai
Subject: Information needed
Date: 19 Aug 92 10:54:35 GMT
Distribution: comp
Organization: NTT Software Co., Yokohama, Japan


Dear netters:
	I need information(papers, references) about qualitative reasoning
for diagnosis expert system. Any information will be appreciated. 
	Thanks in advance. I will send a summary to the net.

							H.Zhang
--
-=-=-=-=-=-=-T=-=-=-=-=-H=-=-=-==-=A=-==-==-==N-==-==KS-==-=-===-
   HONG  ZHANG  E-mail:hong%nttsgw.yh.ntts.co.jp@uunet.uu.net
NTT SOFTWARE CORPORATION. TEL:+81 45 212 7505 FAX:+81 45 212 7509
  223-1 YAMASHITA-CHO NAKA-KU YOKOHAMA-SHI KANAGAWA 231 JAPAN
-=-=-=-A=-=-=-=-=L-=-=-=-=-=O-=-==-==-==-==-==-=-=T=-==-==-==-==-
Newsgroups: comp.ai,sci.engr.civil,sci.engr.chem,sci.math,comp.ai.neural-nets,sci.logic,sci.engr
From: mcdougal@cs.uchicago.edu (Tom McDougal)
Subject: Adriaan de Groot -- recent work?
Followup-To: comp.ai
Organization: U. of Chicago Computer Science
Date: Wed, 19 Aug 1992 19:29:12 GMT

I just read an early (1966) article by Adriaan D. de Groot,
"Perception and memory versus thought: some old ideas and
recent findings."  Does anyone know of later work by
him?  Pointers to articles?  An email address?

Thanks in advance.

--------------------------
-Tom McDougal          mcdougal@cs.uchicago.edu

        1914, Michael Faraday declares
        Toscanini a good conductor.
Newsgroups: comp.ai
From: ericb@sierra.com (Eric Blood "intern")
Subject: Looking for books and articles
Organization: Sierra Geophysics Inc.,  Kirkland, Wa
Distribution: usa
Date: Thu, 13 Aug 1992 01:07:26 GMT

I am looking for books or articles that have to do shape combinations.  For
example, there are misc. sizes of differnet shapes, and have them combined
to the most reduced area.  Like putting together a jigsaw puzzle.

Thanks,
Eric V. Blood
ericb@sierra.com
From: pensak@eplrx7.es.duPont.com (Dave Pensak)
Newsgroups: comp.ai
Subject: planning/scheduling
Date: 17 Aug 92 16:31:05 GMT
Organization: DuPont Central Research & Development

I hope that this is not a totally ludicrous question.....

We have been approached by a local psychiatric hospital to see if
any of our scheduling folks can help them with the following problem:

There are N patients

There are M staff members  (N >> M)

There are I activities in J locations throughout the day

Is there any machine assisted way to make sure that the best possible
staff combinations are associated with the right group of patients
throughout the day (the groupings can, and do, change during the day).

The reason that I am posting the query here is that it is a generalization
of the classic problem of the farmer moving his chickens and the wolves
across the river.  There are subgroups of patients who absolutely
can not be left together without adequate supervision.

Add to this the problem that there are (semi)random perturbations
both throughout the day (patients wandering off...., unexpected
medical tests, etc) and between days (staff calling in sick, etc).


Can anyone point me to any of the following

Papers/books that will enlighten me about the feasability of solving this

Code that will solve even a part of this

Someone who can definitively tell me the problem is too (big, amorphous,
etc) to solve.


This is actually a quite serious problem which is causing great hardships
amongst the staff and patients.

Thanks in advance for any insights you can offer.
Newsgroups: comp.ai
From: naylor@research.canon.oz.au (William Naylor)
Subject: boolean satisfiability problem
Organization: Canon Information Systems Research Australia
Date: Tue, 18 Aug 1992 01:27:25 GMT

I am looking for information on algorithms to solve the
"boolean satisfiability problem".  What is the largest problem that
can be solved routinely?  What is the best known algorithm?  
Any good references?

The "boolean satisfiability problem" is a well-known NP-complete problem.

A boolean function is expressed as a product of sums, for example

F(a,b,c,d,...) = (a | ~b | c)&(~a | d | ~e)&...

where the variables can take on the values TRUE and FALSE, and '|' represents
logical or, and '&' represents logical and.  The problem to be solved is:
does any assignment of values to the variables cause the boolean function 
F(...) to be TRUE?
-- 
William Naylor                               | naylor@research.canon.oz.au
Canon Information Systems Research Australia | Phone +61 2 805 2000
PO Box 313 NORTH RYDE NSW 2113               | Fax   +61 2 805 2929
From: edb_gunder@debet.nhh.no
Newsgroups: comp.ai
Subject: Expert System Shells
Date: 19 Aug 92 12:56:17 GMT
Organization: Norwegian School of Economics

I am going to build a decision support system for a bank. To do this I
will want to use an Expert System Shell. Has any of you any experience
with different kinds of ESSs? What advantages and disadvantages the
different systems have?

Thanks in advance!


Gunder Soensteby
Research assistant
Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration
Newsgroups: comp.ai
From: nagappa@Rosie.UH.EDU (C Nagappa - behind the scenes)
Subject: Re: OR versus AI
Reply-To: nagappa@Rosie.UH.EDU
Organization: University of Houston
Date: Thu, 13 Aug 1992 14:53:08 GMT

In article <1992Aug11.075049.9703@fel.tno.nl>, huyh7@fel.tno.nl (C.W.D. Huy) writes:
>Hi, out there.
>
>I wonder if anybody could help me on some literature ref's discussing 
>the Operations research approach versus the AI-approach concerning the
>planning / scheduling problem.
>
>If you have an opinion of your own about how these two relate / interact,
>I would be grateful if you would share it with me!
>
>Thanks in advance,
>Kees d'Huy.
>

The following are some references on the subject:

1. Yang, T. and J. P. Ignizio "An Algorithm for the Scheduling of Army
   Battalion Training Excercises" - Computers and Operations Research,
   vol. 14, no. 6, 1987, pp 479-491

2. Yang, T. and J. P. Ignizio "An Exchange Heuristic Algorithm for Project
   Scheduling with Limited Resources" - Engineering Optimization, vol. 14,
   1989, pp 189 - 205

3. Deal, D. E., J. Chen, J. P. Ignizio, and V, Jeyakumar - "An Expert System
   Scheduler: Some Reflection on Expert System Development", Journal of
   Computers and Operations Research, vol. ?, 1991 (?)

4. Ignizio, James P., "An Introduction to Expert Systems: The Development
   and Implementation of Rule-Based Expert Systems", Prentice Hall, 1991.


Dr. Ignizio's book (item #4) has plenty of references to "traditional" OR vs.
Heuristic Programming vs. Expert Systems to problems, particularly resource
constrained scheduling problems. He has also suggested "hybrid" expert systems-
ES combined with heuristic programs to solve complex scheduling problems.

C Nagappa