HDTenEightyP/NetNews huggingface dataset:
From: selvakum@watserv1.uwaterloo.ca (C.R.Selvakumar - Electrical Engineering)
Subject: Dravidians and Nagas
Keywords: Dravidians and Nagas
Organization: University of Waterloo
Date: Tue, 17 Nov 1992 03:55:19 GMT


Narrain and Kruam Narayana had asked some evidence for considering
Naagas as Tamils. In the following, I present old Tamil Names with
conntaining the word Naga prominently. These are all ancient names
and they practiced various professions but became poets either
part-time or as full time. There are also epigraphical evidences
which state a particular naga price was married to some royal 
person etc. ( example: VelUrpaalayam plates ; Epigraphica Indica
Vol. V, page.49). I'm have drawn these details "The Origin of
Saivism and Its History in the Tamil Land" by K.R. Subramanian,
Asian Educational Services, 1985.  


   Earlier, 
   I had said that there seem to be much truth in the view that Tamils are
   Nagas. I had cited the fact that Tamils are called 'arava' in Telugu
   which in Tamil means 'snake'. The dravidian gods Siva, Vishnu, Murugan
   (Karthikeya) and Sakthi are all associated with snakes or better cobra.
Now, 
   I wish to list the ancient Tamil Sangam poets whose name has a 'naga'
   part cited in the above book page 17. All these poets belonged to 
   the period 200 B.C to 200 A.D. except
   a few who belonged to earlier periods.

   In the work NaRRiNai:
       [1] Ammaiya Naganaar
       [2] ILa Naaganaar
       [3] Inichanda Naaganaar
       [4] KaNNa Naaganaar
       [5] thangaal porkollan VeN_naaganaar
       [6] Mathurai Kollan VeN_naaganaar
       [7] Mathurai Poovandan_naagan VEttanaar
       [8] Mathurai PerumaruthuiLa_Naaganaar
       [9] Mathurai Marudan ILa_Naaganaar
       [10] MuppEr_Naaganaar
       [11] VeLLaikudi Naaganaar
 In Kurunthogai:
       [12] Nan_naagaiyaar
       [13] thEnmathi Naagan
       [14] Naagam_pothan
       [15] Pon_naagan
       [16] Mathurai Kadayathaan Naagan VeN_naagan 
 In PuRanaanUru:
       [17]  Nan_naaganaar
       [18] PurahthiNai Naaganaar
       [19] Mathurai Kallirkadayaathan VeN_naaganaar
       [20] Mathurai Poothan ILanaagan
       [21] Mathurai Marudan ILa_naagan  ( same as 9 above ??)
       [22] Maruthan ILa_naagan
       [23] MurinjiyUr Mudi_naagaraayar  [ probably 1000B.C. -500 B.C]
       [24] VirichiyUr Nan_naaganaar
 In AkanaanUru:
       [25] Anjil Anthaimagal Naagarayar
       [26] ElUppanri Naagan Kumaranaar
       [27] Mathurai Thamizh KUththan Naagan Thevanaar
       [28] Mathurai Ponseikollan VeN_naaganaar

Apart from the above poets, there were 5 in the Ancient Sangam Paripaadal
which were set to music ( there were 10 pieces set to music out of which 5
have the "naagan" name), these are : Petha_naaganaar, Naaganaar, Nan_naaganaar
Kan_naaganaar and another Naaganaar.

    
  Regards
 Selva Selvakumar
From: ksanthan@garnet.berkeley.edu (Kumaran Santhanam)
Newsgroups: soc.culture.tamil
Subject: Re: Information wanted regarding "Bharati"
Date: 16 Nov 1992 23:06:05 GMT
Organization: University of California, Berkeley
Distribution: na
NNTP-Posting-Host: garnet.berkeley.edu

I don't know about Bharathi, but I do have a program (a little crude) which
will generate Tamil characters based on phonetic spellings.
This is a program from Canada called Adhmi.  It's not unbearably bad.


*****************************************************************************
* Kumaran Santhanam                            ksanthan@garnet.berkeley.edu *
*****************************************************************************
* "DOS is nothing more than a boot sector virus" - Anonymous                *
*****************************************************************************
From: kat@doe.carleton.ca (Kathiravan Krishnamurthi)
Subject: Re: kuRaL
Keywords: aadhi, bhagavan, shiva, parvati
Organization: Dept. of Electronics, Carleton University
Distribution: na
Date: Mon, 23 Nov 1992 20:28:09 GMT

In <10086@blue.cis.pitt.edu.UUCP> krvst+@pitt.edu (Koppampatt R Venkatesh) writes:


>	There is a lot of controversy in the tamil literary world
>whether `aadhi' and `bhagavan' refer to the parents of tiruvalluvar
>or they refer to the cosmic lord Shiva and his wife Parvati. 

>	I personally feel that they refer to Shiva and Parvati
>because the kural ends like this `..... aadhi bagavan mudhatree
>ulagu'. 
>	Just as the letters in tamil start from agaram (the alphabet
>a), the world begins with the aadhi and bagavan. That is, aadhi and
>bhagavan are the prinicipal parents (could also be a metaphor for
>the main caretakers of this universe) of this world who exist
>even before the beginning of this world.
>	The prinicipal parents of this world, whose life  transcends
>the beginning of this world are in my opinion Shiva and Parvati. In
>all religious texts, they are described as the highest form of
>Godliness (which begins from devas, gandharvas etc.). Any other
>comments are welcome at krvst+@pitt.edu
>-Venkatesh
>   

>-- 
>|    /      |~~~~~~|      \        /   ********************************
>|  /        |______|       \      /    A shortcut is often the quickest
>|/ \        |  \            \    /     way to some place you weren't

  Saiva Siddhantam does not believe in shiva-parvati like
adam-eve. If that was true sisters and brothers should have
 married for multiplication-that is absurd.

Kathiravan








A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
>|    \      |    \           \  /      going at all!
Newsgroups: soc.culture.tamil
From: akn8257@ritvax.isc.rit.edu ( Arun )
Subject: Re: Relevance of Satyagraha
Reply-To: akn8257@ritvax.isc.rit.edu
Organization: Rochester Institute of Technology
Date: Sun, 15 Nov 1992 23:14:18 GMT

In article <1992Nov14.005257.17595@magnus.acs.ohio-state.edu>, ssankara@magnus.acs.ohio-state.edu (Sornam Sankara) writes:
>
>

( Thought provoking stuff deleted..)

>>
>>    Nehru thought so, until China taught us otherwise. The best way
>>    to avoid a war to be prepared. Wearing a helmet does not mean you
>>    intend to make an accident.
>>
>
>     The same way Srilankan Tamils think LTTE as helmet, Kashmiries think JKLF
>as helmet and Andhra Pradesh poor peasants and tribals think PWG as helmet.
>But unforunately hemet is under use because accidents are made deliberately.
>

C'mmon! These 'helmets' are never used to protect one's head.

LTTE helmet:

1. To physically eliminate all oppositions even within the same ethnic origin
   they claim to protect.

2. To terrorise and raze brutefully innocent Sinhalese and Muslims.

3. To instigate terrorism in foreign soil. 

4. To loot money from people.

5. To bomb other leaders without even a trace of respect to human lives.


JKLF helmet:

1. To drive out all Hindus who lived in Kashmir for years and leave them
   homeless in Delhi streets.

2. To kidnap innocent people, put their lives in jeopardy leaving their
   families in sheer despair. 


I don't know much about Andhra pradesh helmets and read a long time ago 
that they kidnapped a Police sub-inspector and sent back his body in parts. 

Kindly read my words again. I did not support hitting others head with the
helmet.

- Arun.
Newsgroups: soc.culture.tamil
From: tss@unislc.uucp (Srinivasan Thothathri)
Subject: VaLLuvarrin samayam!!!
X-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.1 PL6]
Summary: The religion of VaLLuvar!!
Organization: Unisys Corporation SLC
Date: Tue, 24 Nov 1992 00:34:32 GMT

	Recent postings in this section has brought out one of the most curious
riddles (unsolved till now).

When I was doing my under graduate course in St. Xavier's College (1983),
Palayamkottai, Tirunelveli, I was an extensive user/reader of the library there.
There I happened to see a book named,

	" ThiruvaLLuvar Kriristhavara ? "

The book was written by one Mr. Deiva Naayagam. I was able to remember even the
unknown author's name because of the title and its influence on me.  In that
book he analyses the greatest even written Tamil book "ThiriKKuRal" in various
angles. Every chapter used to begin with a title like "ThiruvaLLuvar saivare"
or "VaiNavare" etc etc.

Remember the common beleif that VaLLuvar lived some where in Mylapore, Madras
during the 2nd century. At that time St. Thomas landed up in this holy country
at the same place. With these facts and some more "excavations" he concluded
that VaLLuvar is a Christian!!!. Quite amazing.

	You can prove that VaLLuvar is a Jain or Buddist by his first kuRaL.
There are instances in KuRaL thro' which he gives impressions of being a
Vaishnavist. Remember the KuRaL ending up like,

	... UlakLanthAn TAAyathellam Orungu. [Vaamanaavathaaram]

Actually the first KuRaL is a literally parellel to one of the sanskrit
sloka by Mahakavi Kalidasa in his kavya "Kumara Sambhavam" The sloka is

	Vagharthavibha Samsruktham Vagharthap PrathipathayE
	JaGathath pitharo vanDe PArvathi Parameshvarum!!

	[ Sagara sangamam movie - Illaya Raja - SPB, Janaki, Kamal Haasan!!]

These kind of discussions remind me one of Bharathi's poems...

	ANikoL kAviyam AAyiram kaRkinum,
	  AAZnthirukkum kaviyuLam kAAnkilAAr!!!

Poets, saints have no religion!!. What they have left us is more important
that what we attribute to their personal life!!.

Xref: sparky soc.culture.arabic:4958 soc.culture.bosna-herzgvna:556
From: mukherjb@dsuvax.dsu.edu (Basu Mukherjee)
Subject: appeal to help poor children in india
Organization: Dakota State University, Madison, SD
Date: Mon, 16 Nov 1992 07:37:03 GMT

==============================================================================
		An Appeal To Help Poor Students In India
   Contribute to RAMAKRISHNA MISSION BOYS' HOME, RAHARA, WB, INDIA

Swami Vivekananda once said,'Service to man is service to god'. Following
his footprints, Ramakrishna Mission organizations, established by Swamiji
himself, have been serving the poor and the distressed for about a century. 
Millions of people, including this author have directly or indirectly
benifited from the social-welfare and educational programs of Ramakrishna
Mission. Today, after a century old tradition of service, this organization
faces a daunting challenge in the face of a steep economic crisis. 

Ramakrishana Mission, Rahara is an organization that was established about
thirty five years ago at Rahara, a small village near Calcutta, West Bengal.
What started with  twenty eight orphan students under the auspicious
leadership of Swami Punyananda has , over the years, has grown into an
organization of over a thousand students offering educational services at
all levels. Ramakrishna Mission, Rahara has also a rich tradition of providing
free education to thousands of orphan students over these years and help
them become useful members of the society. Right now, there are 750 orphan
students at Rahara whose future is at stake due to a steep budget crisis and
lack of adequate governmental help.

According to Swami Jayananda, secretary, R.K. Mission, Rahara, it takes only 
14 dollars/month to support an orphan student at school in Rahara. 

We are trying to coordinate an effort to help these poor students by 
contributing to Ramakrishana Mission . 

If you are interested, please send e-mail to
	
	mukherjb@dsuvax.dsu.edu
		or
	ritwik@parrot.creighton.edu.

You may also directly contact

		Swami Jayananda, secretary
		Ramakrishana Mission Boys' Home
		Rahara, 24 Paraganas(N)
		West Bengal - 743186 
		India  
		Telephone - 91-33-531219

Your interested may pave the way for an orphan child to a brighter future.
 
Newsgroups: soc.culture.arabic,soc.culture.lebanon
From: suresh@papaya.iss.nus.sg (Suresh Thennarangam - Research Scholar)
Subject: Re: ARAB UNITY
Reply-To: suresh@iss.nus.sg (Suresh Thennarangam - Research Scholar)
Organization: Institute of Systems Science, NUS, Singapore
Date: Tue, 17 Nov 1992 05:41:40 GMT

In article <1992Nov13.162550.1797@ee.eng.ohio-state.edu> rached@sample.eng.ohio-state.edu (Rached Zantout) writes:
>In article <BxMvs4.B01@unix.amherst.edu>, ddsokol@unix.amherst.edu (D. DANIEL SOKOL) writes:
>> 
>> How should Christian Lebanese feel about Islamic Unity where Christians will
>> undoubtedly be discriminated against and persecuted for their religious 
>> beliefs.
>> Danny Sokol-Amherst Colleg
>Danny,
>
>Please before saying something about 1 billion people and their tolerance towards
>other religions please study history. How can you be certain that Christians will
>be persecuted and discriminated against in an Islamic State ?
>Did you study the Islamic law regarding Non-Muslims in an Islamic State ?

Will you enlighten us about "Jizya", which was a religious tax extracted from
Non-Muslims by the Islamic Mughal empire which ruled over parts present-day
India, Pakistan and Afghanistan in the name of Islam ? 

"Jizya" I believe is an Urdu word but I'm not sure how to say it in Arabic.

>Did you study the history of Non_Muslims in an Islamic State ?

The Only Mughal emperor whom all Indians readily praise was Emperor Akbar
who was secularist. All the devoutly Islamic Mughal Emperors  like Babur,
Humayan, and Aurangzeb are remembered with anger  and scorn by people of
other religions because of the persecution and humiliation their ancestors
had to bear for their religious beliefs. 

Perhaps you would like to hear about the Parsee community which is India's
most prosperous community ... they are fire-worshippers who were expelled
from Persia(modern-day Iran) en-masse( to stay back would have meant either
death or conversion) by the Islamic rulers about 400(??) years ago and who 
found hospitality and shelter in India and the freedom to practice their 
beliefs... the Parsi community is probably the best educated and most 
prosperous community in the world, man for man.. 

Perhaps you would like to know that there are hundreds of thousands
of refugee Chakmas(Buddhists) in India who have fled to escape death
and persecution from the Muslims in Bangladesh and refuse any attempt 
by India to repatriate them preferring to be shot rather than go back.

Not to say that Islam encourages such persecution of course but the fact is
it evokes the kind of fanaticism that gives rise to such behaviour. In this
respect, Islam scarcely differs from Christianity(witness the Spanish 
Inquisition) or Judaism.



>I refer you to the history of Jews in Spain and how their golden age was under
>the Muslims and how they were persecuted along with Muslims by the spanish
>inquisition (sp?)
>
>
>rached


/Suresh
Newsgroups: soc.culture.arabic
From: faris@sarcasm.trl.OZ.AU (Aziz Faris)
Subject: Re: Arabs in Latin America
Reply-To: a.Faris@trl.oz.au 
Organization: Telecom Research Labs, Melbourne,Australia
Date: Sun, 22 Nov 1992 21:42:04 GMT

In article <43747@imag.imag.fr>, oueichek@imag.fr (Ibaa Oueichek) writes:
|> Path: |> 
|> walid@dhvx20.csudh.edu wrote:
|> : Salam
|> : If anyone knows the answers to these questions please post.
|> : 1. Where are the large arab communities in Latin America besides
|> : Buenos Aires Argentina?
|>   Sao Paolo, Brazil. The mayor is of a Syrian origin and there's a big Syrian
|> community there.
|>   

Venezuala has a very large Arabic population and they are mostly Syrians from
the city of Allepo. Also the president of Argentina I understand is from a
Syrian origin. Most of these people are in Caracus Venezuala.

A.Faris
From: cl056@cleveland.Freenet.Edu (Hamaza H. Salah)
Newsgroups: soc.culture.arabic
Subject: Arab  U N I T Y
Date: 20 Nov 1992 22:36:13 GMT
Organization: Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (USA)
NNTP-Posting-Host: hela.ins.cwru.edu


abde@troi.cc.rochester.edu (Tamer A. Abdelgawad) writes:

>>If you know Islamic history, you know who were at the top of civilization
>>at those times.  Were the arab christians who were the elite in writing,
>>religions, Literature, architectures, and world scale economies thousands of
>>years ago?  It is the muslims who were.
>>

>This 'ignorant idiot' (that's me) would like to point out that there were
>neither Christians nor Muslims involved in any conceivable way with the
>civilizations referred to above.  (Hint: B.C. means before christ :-))

>Tamer AAbdelgawad

Mathmetical pitfall, change thousands to hundreds and you may get the
point.
-- 
                  ___________________ cl056@cleveland.Freenet.Edu _____________
                 (______   _  |   _  |_
_____ H A M Z A ________) |-| |_ |-| | |
From: abde@troi.cc.rochester.edu (Tamer A. Abdelgawad)
Newsgroups: soc.culture.arabic
Subject: Re: Arab  U N I T Y
Summary: Some comments
Date: 20 Nov 92 21:08:38 GMT
Organization: University of Rochester (Rochester, NY)

In article <1ej87gINNeat@usenet.INS.CWRU.Edu> cl056@cleveland.Freenet.Edu (Hamaza H. Salah) writes in response to A. Faris:
>
>Shaa't are minority muslims.  The experience of Iran didn't work because it
>didn't spread allover.  The majority of Muslims in the Arab world are not
>pro Shaa't.  But what is worse than the Iranian experience is the Arab League
>that you may think it will solve problems.  Everyone of them is a slave
>to a western government.  They make zero decisions.
>

Is there supposed to be a 'critical mass' of countries involved for an 
Islamic revoluttion to succeed?  Or are you implying that the Shi'aa in
Iran are nnot 'true muslims' and that is why Ian is such a mess today?
The Arab League might make 'zero decisions', buut at least it didn't persue
a ten year war, and manage to plunge one of the richest countries in the
middle east into disaster!

>         
>>The people of Iraq, Syria, and Egypt
>>developed writing, religions, Literature, architectures, and world scale
>>economies thousands of years ago. They have done it while the Europeans, who
>>control every thing we do now, were still food gatherers. Do you know anything
>>about history?.
>
>If you know Islamic history, you know who were at the top of civilization
>at those times.  Were the arab christians who were the elite in writing,
>religions, Literature, architectures, and world scale economies thousands of
>years ago?  It is the muslims who were.
>

This 'ignorant idiot' (that's me) would like to point out that there were
neither Christians nor Muslims involved in any conceivable way with the
civilizations referred to above.  (Hint: B.C. means before christ :-))

Tamer AAbdelgawad
Newsgroups: soc.culture.arabic,soc.culture.turkish,soc.culture.pakistan,soc.culture.afghanistan
From: oueichek@imag.fr (Ibaa Oueichek)
Newsgroups: soc.culture.arabic
Subject: Re: Arabs in Latin America
Date: 15 Nov 92 16:41:44 GMT
Organization: IMAG Institute, University of Grenoble, France
X-Newsreader: Tin 1.1 PL5

walid@dhvx20.csudh.edu wrote:
: Salam
: If anyone knows the answers to these questions please post.
: 1. Where are the large arab communities in Latin America besides
: Buenos Aires Argentina?
  Sao Paolo, Brazil. The mayor is of a Syrian origin and there's a big Syrian
community there.
From: B.Kumar@cs.ucl.ac.uk
Newsgroups: soc.culture.arabic
Subject: Re: CFV: soc.religion.islam.ahmadiyya moderated
Date: 19 Nov 92 13:00:37 GMT


>> In article <1e9kpbINNm5v@CURIE.SYSTEMSY.CS.YALE.EDU> ahmed-shakil@cs.yale.ed
u (Shakil Waiz Ahmed) writes:
>But even casting that aside, let us look at Prophet Muhammed's (pbuh)
>last sermon which he gave on the ninth day of Dhul Hijjah, 10 A.H. in
>the Uranah valley of Mount Arafat:
>
>   O People, NO PROPHET OR APOSTLE WILL COME AFTER ME AND NO NEW FAITH
>   WILL BE BORN. Reason well, therefore, O People, and understand my
>   words which I convey to you. I leave behind me two things, the QUR'AN
>   and my example, the SUNNAH, and if you follow these you will never go
>   astray.
>

Is n't Mohammed proved wrong here?  "- No new faith will be
born .". Huun... May be Mr Mohammed had no idea about Sikhism, Bahaism 
and Kabir Panthis - all started after Mohammed's above declaration. I am 
quite sure that there would be many other minor faiths, all started after 
his above (pompous) declaration. Seems like Mr GOD was playing a joke 
on Mr Mohammed or someone is misquoting GOD/Mohammed.

bkumar
Newsgroups: soc.culture.arabic
From: morocco@shinano.cs.uec.ac.jp (IGUIDER Youssef)
Subject: Test. Please Ignore!
Organization: The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan.
Date: Sat, 21 Nov 1992 11:33:21 GMT


         This is just a test. I asked you to IGNORE. Didn't I ?  :)!

	 Sorry for the inconvenience.

--
    ___________________________E-mail:  morocco@shinano.cs.uec.ac.jp____
   *                                                                    |
   I        *******                      Youssef   Iguider              |
   G     **         **                    (Ph.D  student)               |
   U     **-[0]-[0]-**          University of Electro-communications    |
   I      *    _    *             Department of Computer Sciences       |
   D      |  *****  |                       Tokyo - Japan               |
   E       \_______/               o                                    |
   R         <>o<>                 __                                   |
   *________________              /  \                  __           ___|
                    )             \__/       |  |  |   /  \         (
                    \_______________/________!__!__!   \__/_________/
                                                         /
                                         _______________/      o o
Newsgroups: soc.culture.arabic,soc.culture.lebanon
From: im@gn.ecn.purdue.edu (Ibrahim M. M. Babelli)
Subject: Re: ARAB UNITY
Organization: Purdue University Engineering Computer Network
Date: Tue, 17 Nov 92 20:34:11 GMT

[stuff deleted]

=Will you enlighten us about "Jizya", which was a religious tax extracted from
=Non-Muslims by the Islamic Mughal empire which ruled over parts present-day
=India, Pakistan and Afghanistan in the name of Islam ? 

="Jizya" I believe is an Urdu word but I'm not sure how to say it in Arabic.

[stuff deleted]

Here is my Cent worth of opinion.

The law that was applied in islamic states when "Jizya" was charged to the
non muslims is interesting. Let us examen it with thorough eye:

As men and women who lived in the state (the islamic state for this case)
they had to contribute to the ways of expenditure that the state needed to
sustain as much as possible a balanced society. Muslims paid alms or charity
"zakaat", whereas non-muslims paid "Jizya". If you compare the figures for
the two methods of taxation, jizya or zakaat, you will see that zakaat was 
slightly higher. For the most part, that is to my knowledge, jizya was used
for civil projects and for defense purposes. The question as to why non-muslim
should pay tax (jizya) to a muslim state is ill posed. I, not being American,
pay taxes for the American Federal Government as long as I stay, live in
and earn money in the United States.

As for the rest of your letter, I wish not to address it for lack of 
knowledge on my part.

im
Newsgroups: soc.culture.arabic
Subject: Re: U.S. Banking regulations (Lebanon)
From: alexan@mtroyal.ab.ca
Date: 18 Nov 92 13:02:29 MST
Organization: Mount Royal College, Calgary, Alberta

In article <1ebnmgINNr89@gazette.bcm.tmc.edu>, skywalke@dino.qci.bioch.bcm.tmc.edu (Timothy B. Reynolds) writes:
> Does anyone know the U.S. laws on moving money in and out 
> of Lebanon ? 
> 
> E-mail response please.
> Thanks
> 
If you are entering the U.S. from another country and carry $10,000 U.S.
or more in cash or traveller cheques, you must declare at the point of 
entry that you carry such amounts. 
Saad
Newsgroups: soc.culture.arabic