HDTenEightyP/NetNews huggingface dataset:
From: 5916rahmank@vms.csd.mu.edu (K. M. A. Rahman)
Newsgroups: sci.materials
Subject: Re: Why some materials you can see through?
Date: 17 Dec 92 03:43:28 GMT
Reply-To: 5916rahmank@vms.csd.mu.edu
Distribution: na
Organization: Department of EECE, Marquette University
NNTP-Posting-Host: vmsf.csd.mu.edu

In article <1992Dec15.100452.1@stsci.edu>, gawne@stsci.edu writes:
-
- I am wondering why some materials are transparency to our eyes?
- Can anyone give me some hint?
- Thank you.
---------------------------------------

 Well, a photon can travel thru anything provided is doesn't get absorbed
 or scattered.  Obviously transparent materials don't absorb or scatter
 (some percentage of) the photons incident on them.  

 So the photon is not getting absorbed.  Why?  What else do you know about
 solids like glass, such as their electrical conductivity, that might help
 here?  Compare this to a metal which is opaque and has a very different
 electrical conductivity.

 Finally, why isn't the glass in windows transparent to UV or IR radiation?
 Clue, for UV photon energies the glass responds about like the metals do for
 visible photons.

 Enough hints?  If you need more, read "Dance of the Solids", a wonderful
 poem by John Updike that was in the 1967 September issue of Scientific
 American.

-Bill Gawne,  Space Telescope Science Institute
---------------------------------------------------------

	Perdon my intervention. I was reading this article with interest.
	I am curious to know how the conductivity of a material is related
	to its transparency. Would you please throw some light on it?
	With thanks,
	-Anis.
Newsgroups: sci.materials
From: haralaag@ucbeh.san.uc.edu
Newsgroups: sci.materials
Subject: Looking for DataBases - Please HELP!
Date: 14 Dec 92 15:13:04 EST
Distribution: world
Organization: Univ. of Cincinnati

Hi:
     If somebody know about the existence and availability on the net
(first preference) or as PC software (second preference) of databases
summarizing information in some of the following scientific branches:

     - mineralogy;
     - inorganic chemistry (i.e. GMELIN);
     - crystallography (i.e. JCPDS);
     - thermodynamic properties (i.e. JANAF);

or something similar please post or reply by e-mail.
     I promise to make summary of all replies and post it back.

Best regards

     Alex Haralampiev
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Department of Geology                              tel. 513/556-3732
University of Cincinnati                           fax  513/556-6931
Cinncinnati, OH 45221-0013          e-mail HARALAAG@UCBEH.SAN.UC.EDU
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Newsgroups: sci.materials
From: ORTIGAO@rzmain.rz.uni-ulm.de (ORTIGAO FLAVIO)
Subject: Looking for review article in New Materials
Organization: University of Ulm, Germany
Date: Sun, 13 Dec 1992 10:54:35 GMT
X-News-Reader: VMS NEWS 1.25

Hi Folks, I am working with a technology which has been defined as genetic
 programmed polymers a field created by the merging of biotechnology 
(GeneSynthesis) and material sciences. Now I would like to broaden my
 knowledge, and I am looking for recent reviews covering the impact of
 new technologies (other than bio-), into material science.
 I appreciate any contribution.Thank you in advance, Flavio.
*******************************************************************************
Dr. J.F. Ramalho Ortigao
Universitaet Ulm, Sektion Polymere, D-7900 Ulm, Germany
Ortigao@DULRUU51 (Bitnet)
Ortigao@RZ.UNI-ULM.DBP.DE (Internet)
From: rochford@bldrdoc.gov (Kent Rochford 303-497-5170)
Newsgroups: sci.materials
Subject: Looking for low-loss microwave dielectrics
Date: 19 Dec 92 04:36:00 GMT
Distribution: usa
Organization: National Institute of Standards and Technology

I need a low loss ( loss tangent <.0005 ) RF to microwave (1MHz
to a few GHz) dielectric, preferably with a dielectric constant
around 4.  Please send me any info on suppliers, vendors, or
handbooks that might help.  Thanks.

-- 
Kent Rochford  NIST  Boulder, CO  rochford@bldrdoc.gov
"No matter where you go, there you are" B. Banzai
Newsgroups: sci.materials
From: greason@ptdcs2.intel.com (Jeff Greason ~)
Subject: Re: Why some materials you can see through?
Organization: Intel Corporation -- Aloha, Oregon
Distribution: na
Date: Thu, 17 Dec 1992 19:29:57 GMT

In article <00965314.08C86300@vms.csd.mu.edu> 5916rahmank@vms.csd.mu.edu writes:
>	Perdon my intervention. I was reading this article with interest.
>	I am curious to know how the conductivity of a material is related
>	to its transparency. Would you please throw some light on it?
>	With thanks,
>	-Anis.
In the same "hinting" tone of this thread, let me "hint" the following:

How is the conductivity of a material related to it's transparency to 
radio waves?  What's the difference between radio waves and light waves?

Disclaimer:  All opinions expressed are my own, and do not reflect the 
     position of Intel, Portland State University, or Zippy the Pinhead.  
============================================================================
Jeff Greason                  "You lock the door ... And throw away the key.
  <greason@ptdcs2.intel.com>   There's someone in my head, but it's not me."
  <jeffg@eecs.ee.pdx.edu>				-- Pink Floyd


Newsgroups: sci.materials
From: mcherm@msc.cornell.edu (Michael Chermside)
Subject: Re: C 60 TRUNKATED ICOSAEDRAL COORDINATES
Keywords: COORDINATES
Organization: Cornell-Materials-Science-Center
Date: Thu, 17 Dec 1992 21:21:06 GMT

In article <36623@sophia.inria.fr> laurent@cenerg.cma.f writes:
>Because I am a bad mathematecian and especialy a lazy,
>I am looking for trunkated icosaedral coordinates 
>(as C 60 ) to vizualize the structure on a display. 
>

I'm sure someone can do better, but I can at least give you a vertex
list for a NONtrucnated icosahedron.

{0, 0, 1.17557}
{1.05146, 0, 0.525731}
{0.32492, 1., 0.525731}
{-0.850651, 0.618034, 0.525731}
{-0.850651, -0.618034, 0.525731}
{0.32492, -1., 0.525731}
{0.850651, 0.618034, -0.525731}
{-0.32492, 1., -0.525731}
{-1.05146, 0, -0.525731}
{-0.32492, -1., -0.525731}
{0.850651, -0.618034, -0.525731}
{0, 0, -1.17557}}

                                        --- Michael Chermside
                                            mcherm@msc.cornell.edu

-- 
                                            --- Michael
Newsgroups: sci.materials
From: dale_alexander@qmgate.anl.gov (Dale Alexander)
Subject: coffee cans
Followup-To: sci.materials
Organization: Argonne National Laboratory
Date: Thu, 17 Dec 1992 22:08:14 GMT

Anyone with readily available info on the material content of a typical
coffee can?  Are they plain carbon steel with a tin coating?
From: 5916rahmank@vms.csd.mu.edu (K. M. A. Rahman)
Newsgroups: sci.materials
Subject: Re: Electrical/Optical Properties of Metal Oxides
Date: 12 Dec 92 02:06:03 GMT
Reply-To: 5916rahmank@vms.csd.mu.edu
Organization: Department of EECE, Marquette University
NNTP-Posting-Host: vmsf.csd.mu.edu

In article <craigen.39.724083130@ace.acadiau.ca>, craigen@ace.acadiau.ca (DOUGLAS CRAIGEN) writes:
->  A few years ago I attented a review talk where a very nice picture of 
->electrical and optical properties of metal oxides was discussed in terms of 
->simple chemistry (I believe there were a lot of molecular orbital diagrams 
->in this talk).  One of the central themes was understanding why it is that 
->some metal oxides are doped by oxygen deficiencies (e.g. tin oxide) and some 
->aren't.  The thrust of that particular talk was towards understanding high 
->Tc superconductors.  I have recently become interested in a variety of metal 
->oxides (tin oxide being one), and would like to understand their electrical 
->properties better.  Aside from doing a lot of modelling and calculations, 
->standard solid-state text books don't seem to be much help here.  I 
->contacted the speaker from that talk, but he couldn't find his references 
->anymore.  I would appreciate it if someone could point me toward some good 
->material to study.
->
->===================================================================
->  Doug Craigen, Department of Physics, Acadia University,
->  Wolfville, N.S., B0P 1X0, (902) 542 - 2201 x150
->
->  "Just because you've reached mature womanhood doesn't mean you
->   have to throw yourself at a dork!"
->       - Corky to Murphy Brown concerning a physicist
---------------------------------------------------------------

	Gardner, J. W., "A diffusion-reaction model of electrical
	conduction in tin oxide gas sensors," Semicond. Sci. Technol., 
	4(#5)(189)345-350.
	
	McAleer, J. F., Moseley, P. T.,  Norris, J. O. W.  and Williams, 
	D. E., "Tin Dioxide Gas Sensors," J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 
	1, 83(1987)1323-1346.

	Dawar, A. L. and Joshi, J. C., "Semiconducting transparent films: 
	their properties and applications," J. Mater. Sc., 19(1984)1-23.

	This is all I can find off hand. There are several others on 
	tin oxide I may find later. Let me know if you need more.

	-Anis.
Newsgroups: sci.materials
From: solman@athena.mit.edu (Jason W Solinsky)
Subject: Superconductors and Piezoelectrics
Organization: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Date: Mon, 21 Dec 1992 00:53:56 GMT

Hi all.

I have a couple of questions that I was wondering if anybody here could answer.

First off, I'm curious about whether NbN is a superconductor. I just saw a
paper which said it was, and that its acoustic attenuation was dramatically
effected by the superconducting transition, falling to zero a degrees beneath
the Tc. I had some reason to believe that NbN was NOT a superconductor
and I'd appreciate it if anybody here can clarify that for me.

Secondly, I'm curious as to how high the frequencies of acoustic waves can
get before the attenuation gets too significant. In NbN, for example, where
surface acoustic attenuation falls to zero beneath Tc at 700MHz, how high
can the frequencies be raised before this zero attenuation no longer applies?

What I am really looking for is a material or combination of materials where
at about 4.2K, acoustic waves (SAW, BAW, or anything else) can be generated,
transmitted 100 microns, and received with losses under 10 dB. I also need it
to support frequencies up to 300 GHz. If piezoelectric superconductors have
nearly zero acoustic attenuation, that would help dramatically.

Thanks.

Jason W. Solinsky
Newsgroups: sci.materials
From: A10035@email.mot.com (Scott Lindsey)
Subject: Re: identifying polymer cross linking
Organization: Motorola Corp. Man. Res. Ctr.
Distribution: usa
Date: Wed, 16 Dec 1992 14:07:21 GMT

In article <1992Dec15.224100.25463@infonode.ingr.com>, brantley@infonode.ingr.com (Dwight D. Brantley) writes:
> 
> I have been experimenting with determining the integrity of cross linked
> polymers.  So far I have exposing my samples in an oxygen rich plasma etch
> for 10 minutes then analyzing the sample in a SEM.  I think we are seeing
> that examples of proper or "good" cross linked polymers show a grain of
> structure of uniform size and orientation while the "bad" samples seem
> to display a wide variation of grain size over a given area.  Is this a
> viable method of analyzing such materials?  Can anyone add anything to
> this?  I am not very familiar with such materials so consider me mostly
> ignorant on this subject.  Any information (in simple terms) would be of
> great help.
> 
> Thanks,
> 
>       ******************************************************************
>       *   Dwight Brantley    *   Failure Analysis & Reliability Dept.  *
>       *  Intergraph, Corp.   *  Reply To: brantley@falab1.b21.ingr.com *
>       *   Huntsville, AL     *           Voice: 205-730-4456           *
>       ******************************************************************
> 
Since you claim to be relatively unfamiliar with polymer materials, I will
just say that you must be careful that you are not changing the crosslinking
with the SEM!! (You can be crosslinking or degrading, depending on which polymer
you are looking at). What polymers are you looking at?
Newsgroups: sci.materials
From: ewstroup@cc.utah.edu (ERIC W. STROUP)
Subject: Re: identifying polymer cross linking
News-Software: VAX/VMS VNEWS 1.4-b1  
Organization: University of Utah Computer Center
Distribution: usa
Date: 18 Dec 1992 10:04 MST  

In article <1992Dec16.140721.22950@lmpsbbs.comm.mot.com>, A10035@email.mot.com (Scott Lindsey) writes...
{In article <1992Dec15.224100.25463@infonode.ingr.com>, brantley@infonode.ingr.com (Dwight D. Brantley) writes:
{> 
{> I have been experimenting with determining the integrity of cross linked
{> polymers.  So far I have exposing my samples in an oxygen rich plasma etch
{> for 10 minutes then analyzing the sample in a SEM.  I think we are seeing
{> that examples of proper or "good" cross linked polymers show a grain of
{> structure of uniform size and orientation while the "bad" samples seem
{> to display a wide variation of grain size over a given area.  Is this a
{> viable method of analyzing such materials?  Can anyone add anything to
{> this?  I am not very familiar with such materials so consider me mostly
{> ignorant on this subject.  Any information (in simple terms) would be of
{> great help.
{> 
{> Thanks,
{> 
{>       ******************************************************************
{>       *   Dwight Brantley    *   Failure Analysis & Reliability Dept.  *
{>       *  Intergraph, Corp.   *  Reply To: brantley@falab1.b21.ingr.com *
{>       *   Huntsville, AL     *           Voice: 205-730-4456           *
{>       ******************************************************************
{> 
{Since you claim to be relatively unfamiliar with polymer materials, I will
{just say that you must be careful that you are not changing the crosslinking
{with the SEM!! (You can be crosslinking or degrading, depending on which polymer
{you are looking at). What polymers are you looking at?

Some work with ESCA (aka XPS) has been used to identify surface crosslinking.
The work is by D.T. Clark around 1970's, I'll try and dig up the reference.

-Eric 
ewstroup@cc.utah.edu

Newsgroups: sci.crypt,alt.society.civil-liberty
From: uri@watson.ibm.com (Uri Blumenthal)
Subject: Re: Limits on the Use of Cryptography?
Date: Mon, 14 Dec 1992 20:36:14 GMT
Reply-To: uri@watson.ibm.com
Disclaimer: This posting represents the poster's views, not necessarily those of IBM
Organization: You care? Why?

In article <Bz886x.Jw5@ddsw1.mcs.com>, karl@ddsw1.mcs.com (Karl Denninger) writes:
|> >Iain McCord raises the possibiity that the police will "plant" an
|> >encrypted file, or worse, plant an incriminating encrypted file of 
|> >their own design..
|> 
|> With a public key system you can be ABSOLUTELY certain that a particular
|> ciphertext was created with one key if you can decode it with the other.
|> Therefore, if the keys are not compromised you can, with certainty,
|> prove whether or not it was written by the individual in question.

Well, but HOW can you know, that your keys are not compromised?
You certainly HOPE so, but...   ['twas written once: "Only
insurance policy gives you 100% guarantee" :-]
-- 
Regards,
Uri.		uri@watson.ibm.com
------------
<Disclaimer>
Newsgroups: sci.crypt,alt.security.pgp
From: strnlght@netcom.com (David Sternlight)
Subject: Re: PKP/RSA comments on PGP legality
Organization: Netcom - Online Communication Services (408 241-9760 guest)
Date: Sun, 13 Dec 1992 06:31:11 GMT


Bill Stewart argues that the IDEA algorithm isn't covered by the
Munitions Act provisions. Though I hope he's right, I'm not so
sure. I think the Munitions Act covers cryptographic methods.

Second, his contention that DES was published in the Federal Register
isn't quite accurate. As I understand it, the details of the S-boxes
were not (though they can, I suppose be gotten via decompiling or
examining source code), yet without them one could not implement DES
and thus they are an essential part of the algorithm, in Bill's terms.

Please understand that I'm not trying to argue in a partisan manner here,
but to arrive at an understanding of what's so.

David
Newsgroups: sci.crypt,alt.security.pgp
From: jap@cbnews.cb.att.com (james.a.parker)
Subject: Re: PKP/RSA comments on PGP legality
Organization: AT&T
Date: Sat, 19 Dec 1992 22:16:17 GMT

In article <1992Dec17.150409.17696@news.columbia.edu> em21@cunixf.cc.columbia.edu (Eben Moglen) writes:
>I have been following with interest, and distress, the conversation
>about legal risks in using PGP set off by Carl Ellison's posting of
>a document said to reflect the legal position of PKP.  Perhaps a
>Columbia Law professor's views on these questions may be helpful.  I'm
>going to discuss the realities of the situation, without jargon,
>rather than the legal technicalities.  Those who want to discuss the
>legal detail should feel free to contact me, but for legal advice I
>usually get paid.

A couple of questions, then:

>PKP says that any user of PGP is "inducing" infringement.  Here's the
>reality of the situation.  PKP is the licensee of a presumptively
>valid US patent, which it claims PGP 2.1 infringes.  If the patent is
>valid, and PGP infringes, every user is not just inducing
>infringement--he/she/it is infringing the patent.  

My understanding of US Copyright law is that to be held valid, a copyright
holder must take action against known infringers.  If the holder fails to
do so, the protection of copyright is lost.  Does this hold true for
patents as well?

>The Munitions Act bluster contained in the post is not even that
>important.  It's just ridiculous.  

Using the munitions act to restrict import/export of information not "owned"
by the government seems a clear abridgement of freedom of speech and the
press.  Has the law ever been challenged on these ground?

                                       James Parker
                                       jap@cb1focus.att.com
From: pcl@ox.ac.uk (Paul C Leyland)
Newsgroups: sci.crypt
Subject: Re: Status of DES, or "Is the DES Standard PD?"
Date: 15 Dec 92 17:21:52 GMT
	<1992Dec11.201151.145881@watson.ibm.com> <1gb7obINN3tp@gap.caltech.edu>
	<Bz98An.BLJ@dcs.ed.ac.uk> <1992Dec14.205743.129591@watson.ibm.com>
Organization: Oxford University Computing Services, 13 Banbury Rd Oxford OX2
	6NN
In-reply-to: uri@watson.ibm.com's message of 14 Dec 92 20:57:43 GMT

In article <1992Dec14.205743.129591@watson.ibm.com> uri@watson.ibm.com (Uri Blumenthal) writes:

   c) Some people consider DES too slow for routine encryption
      and seek maybe-less-secure-but-faster alternatives. What
      then about RSA? What but the key exchange is it good for?
      Encrypt my hard drive?  Tape archive?  Online  digitized
      voice?

Yes to all of these.  You just have to get a real computer 8-)

Rather more seriously: multi-precise multiplication and division, the
time-critical part of RSA-like systems, is getting quite fast these
days.  Check out what some of the latest DSP engines are capable of.

Paul

--
Paul Leyland <pcl@oxford.ac.uk>          | Hanging on in quiet desperation is
Oxford University Computing Service      |     the English way.
13 Banbury Road, Oxford, OX2 6NN, UK     | The time is come, the song is over.
Tel: +44-865-273200  Fax: +44-865-273275 | Thought I'd something more to say.
Newsgroups: sci.crypt
From: gerben@rna.indiv.nluug.nl
Subject: Small patch to 2.1 to get it through the NeXTSTEP 3.0 compiler
Organization: G.R.O.S.S.
Date: Sat, 12 Dec 1992 09:43:25 GMT

Hello everybody, here is a small patch to system.c that gets it through the  
NeXTSTEP 3.0 gcc 1.93 compiler. 

Some function are defined here (memset, remove), these functions are available on  
the NeXT, so they can be left out of system.c. (Unless somebody tells me they have  
bugs).

*** system.old.c        Tue Dec  1 01:10:10 1992
--- system.c    Sat Dec 12 10:24:38 1992
***************
*** 268,273 ****
--- 268,274 ----
        return(c);
  }
  
+ #ifndef __NeXT__
  #ifdef BSD
  VOID *memset(s, c, n)
  VOID *s;
***************
*** 310,315 ****
--- 311,317 ----
        return unlink(name);
  }
  #endif
+ #endif /* __NeXT__ */
  
  #ifdef SVR2
  int rename(old, new)

-- 
Gerben Wierda                 Tel. (+31) 35 833539
  "If you don't know where you are going, any road will take you there."
  From the Talmud(?), rephrased in Lewis Carroll, "Alice in Wonderland".
Newsgroups: sci.crypt
Subject: Re: PKP/RSA comments on PGP legality
From: a_rubin@dsg4.dse.beckman.com (Arthur Rubin)
Date: 16 Dec 92 17:17:06 GMT
Organization: Beckman Instruments, Inc.

In <1992Dec15.215259.10895@samba.oit.unc.edu> Alex.Strasheim@launchpad.unc.edu (Alex Strasheim) writes:

>I'm beginning to become a little frustrated with this discussion.  Patent
>law is a highly technical field, and unless you're a lawyer who works with
>patent law on a regular basis, I think it would be foolish for anyone to
>give much creedence to your -- or my -- opinion on the validity of the RSA
>patent.  Would you pay much attention to a lawyer's pronouncement that a
>crypto system is secure?

It's more foolish to trust PKP's lawyers pronoucement's that the patent
they control is valid.  (I don't think it's valid either, but I haven't
acted on that, except that I do sometimes perform exponentiations modulo
composites.)
--
Arthur L. Rubin: a_rubin@dsg4.dse.beckman.com (work) Beckman Instruments/Brea
216-5888@mcimail.com 70707.453@compuserve.com arthur@pnet01.cts.com (personal)
My opinions are my own, and do not represent those of my employer.
My interaction with our news system is unstable; please mail anything important.
Newsgroups: sci.crypt
From: karl@ddsw1.mcs.com (Karl Denninger)
Subject: Re: Limits on the Use of Cryptography?
Date: Mon, 14 Dec 1992 01:52:43 GMT
Organization: MCSNet, Chicago, IL

In article <27903@optima.cs.arizona.edu> ho@cs.arizona.edu (Hilarie Orman) writes:
>In article <2229.517.uupcb@grapevine.lrk.ar.us>, jim.wenzel@grapevine.lrk.ar.us (Jim Wenzel) writes:
>|>     I still post the question:
>|> 
>|>     Since laws will probably be drafted concerning the use of cryptology
>|>     how would you want such a law  to read if you had the opportunity to
>|>     shape it.
>
>Thanks for asking.
>
>	The right of the people to use cryptography shall
>	not be infringed.  We hold this right to be
>	self-evident and are embarrassed to be involved in
>	writing a redundant amendment.
>

I believe we already have such an amendment; it's the 5th is it not?  

In a criminal trial you are not required to answer >any< question which
incriminates or tends to incriminate you.  The proper words to use when
asked these questions are:

	"I decline to answer on the grounds that it would incriminate or 
	tend to incriminate me".

That's it. 

--
Karl Denninger (karl@ddsw1.MCS.COM, <well-connected>!ddsw1!karl)
Data Line: [+1 312 248-0900] Anon. arch. (nuucp) 00:00-06:00 C[SD]T
Request file: /u/public/sources/DIRECTORY/README for instructions
Newsgroups: sci.crypt,alt.security.pgp
From: smb@research.att.com (Steven Bellovin)
Subject: Re: PKP/RSA comments on PGP legality
Date: Thu, 17 Dec 1992 21:27:19 GMT
Organization: AT&T Bell Laboratories

In article <scs.724599694@hela.iti.org>, scs@iti.org (Steve Simmons) writes:
> ckd@eff.org (Christopher Davis) writes:
> 
> I just spoke to our corporate lawyer who is an expert in such stuff.
> U.S. patents expire 17 years after issue, with no renewal.  Thus if
> it's been out there 15 years, it's only go two years to go.  Wait
> it out.

Note:  date of *issue*.  Here are some important public-key patents:

4,200,770	Hellman, Diffie, and Merkle
Filed Sept 6, 1977; issued Apr 29, 1980.
Has a broad claim on key exchange mechanisms (i.e., Diffie-Hellman)

4,218,582	Hellman and Merkle
Filed Oct 6, 1977; issued Aug 19, 1980
Has a broad claim covering public-key cryptography; uses the knapsack
system as an example.

4,405,829	Rivest, Shamir, Adleman
Filed Dec 14, 1977; issued Sept 20, 1983
The RSA cryptosystem, of course.  Note how long it took that patent
to be issued -- and hence how much longer till it expires.
Newsgroups: sci.crypt