From: trh@jack.sns.com (Al Trh)
Newsgroups: soc.culture.turkish
Subject: News articles
Date: 15 Dec 1992 02:27:34 -0600
Organization: UTexas Mail-to-News Gateway
Reply-To: Turkish Cultural Program List <TRKNWS-L%USCVM.BitNet@pucc.PRINCETON.EDU>
NNTP-Posting-Host: cs.utexas.edu

12/14 U.N. RENEWS MANDATE OF PEACE FORCE IN CYPRUS

    UNITED NATIONS, Dec 14, Reuter - The Security Council
unanimously approved on Monday another six-month extension
of the U.N. Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP), which
has been helping keep the peace between the island's ethnic
Greek and Turkish communities since 1964.
    At the end of November, the force comprised some 2,080
troops, mainly from Austria, Britain, Canada and Denmark.
But the troop contributors have served notice they are
withdrawing nearly 600 men, or about 28 per cent of UNFICYP,
leaving fewer than 1,500 and requiring reorganisation of the
force.
    And Canada announced last Friday it intended pulling out
its entire 575-strong contingent, beginning next June, when
UNFICYP's mandate again comes up for renewal.
    The troop contributors are unhappy with the way the
force is financed and with lack of progress in talks which
have dragged on for years between leaders of the two Cypriot
communities aimed at reuniting the island under a federal
system.
    Cyprus has been virtually partitioned since Turkish
troops occupied the north of the island in 1974, after a
short-lived coup in Nicosia engineered by the junta then
ruling Greece. But a government in which Greek and Turkish
Cypriots were both represented fell apart in 1964, amid
inter-communal fighting, some three years after independence
from Britain.
    Unlike most U.N. peace-keeping operations, whose costs
are assessed against all U.N. members, UNFICYP is financed
through voluntary donations, with about 70 per cent of the
expenses being absorbed by the troop-contributing countries
themselves. Despite this, the force now has a deficit of
nearly $200 million.
    Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali has complained
that unless the financing is placed on an assessed basis, it
will prove impossible to maintain the force. But the
Security Council has so far balked at changing the method of
funding.
    Boutros-Ghali said in a report last week that, with the
likelihood of further troop cuts, it was imperative for the
two Cypriot communities to exercise maximum restraint.
    He also urged them to implement a previously-suggested
confidence-building measure by pulling their own forces back
from all parts of a U.N.-manned buffer zone across the
island where they remain in close proximity.

12/14  Yugoslav War Trials Called For

   STOCKHOLM, Sweden (AP) -- Secretary of State Lawrence S.
Eagleburger Monday called on European nations to identify
and put on trial "perpetrators of crimes against humanity"
in war-torn Yugoslavia.
   The violators should face war-crime tribunals and be
treated "exactly as were Hitler's associates at Nuremberg,"
Eagleburger said at the annual Conference on Security and
Cooperation in Europe.
   The United States is gathering information to use against
Serbs who are conducting an "ethnic cleansing" in Bosnia-
Herzegovina, expelling and killing hundreds of thousands of
Muslims.
   "Especially in the Balkans, we must endorse stronger
measures to start to reverse an intolerable situation,"
Eagleburger said in a speech to 50 foreign ministers from
all the countries of Europe, as well as from Canada and the
former republics of the Soviet Union.
   Eagleburger called Yugoslavia "a shocking reminder that
barbarity exists within our midst and that we cannot call
the new Europe either civilized or secure until we have
developed stronger mechanisms for dealing with this and
similar crimes."
   Behind the scenes, Eagleburger was sounding out
governments on whether they would support a new U.N.
resolution to enforce the "no-fly" zone over Bosnia-
Herzegovina.
   Bosnian Serbs have flown more than 225 military missions
since an air cap was imposed by the U.N. Security Council in
October to protect the Muslims.
   Eagleburger said Saturday that the Bush administration
had concluded the sanction must be enforced, and he raised
the possibility of providing the Muslims with weapons.
   But Eagleburger emphasized that any U.S. action depended
on a consensus among the Western allies. Russian Foreign
Minister Andrei Kozyrev was noncommittal at a news
conference after a Sunday meeting with Eagleburger.
   However, they issued a joint statement Monday that
indirectly called for the ouster of Serbian President
Slobodan Milosevic in an electiom contest Dec. 20 with Prime
Minister Milan Panic.
   "Russia and the United States hope that the people of
Serbia will weigh the alternatives carefully," the statement
said. "The choice is of returning to the community of
nations or remaining in a pariah status, politically
isolated and economically devastated because of the policies
of the present regime."
   Eagleburger and Kozyrev promised that their governments
would work with Serbia to restore its position in the world
"if the correct choice is made."
   Eagleburger, a former U.S. ambassador to Yugoslavia, will
also take up the subject with foreign ministers attending a
conference on Bosnia in Geneva on Wednesday, and at NATO
meetings in Brussels on Thursday and Friday.


12/14 U.S. AND FRANCE MOVE TO ENFORCE BOSNIA NO-FLY ZONE

    By Evelyn Leopold
    UNITED NATIONS, Dec 14, Reuter - The United States and
France said on Monday they were working on a Security
Council resolution to use military force against Serbian
aircraft violating a no-fly zone over Bosnia-Herzegovina.
    U.S. Ambassador Edward Perkins told reporters: "I think
the United States is at a point where we think serious
consideration should be given towards enforcing the no-fly
zone."
    He said the resolution might allow enforcement "by
whatever means necessary at the time a violation is
discovered" but said the wording had not yet been decided.
    France's ambassador Jean-Bernard Merimee said he
expected a draft that would call for the "immediate
enforcement" of the no-fly zone following discussions at a
European Community summit in Edinburgh this weekend.
    But there was no immediate reaction from other council
members. However, diplomats said the United States and EC
members on the Security Council, France, Britain and
Belgium, would meet later on Monday to review their
positions.
    U.N. reports show about 50 violations a week since the
prohibition was instituted, most, but not all of them, from
Bosnian Serbs. Some of the violations are presumed to be
from Croatian aircraft and none of them involved air
bombings.
    Both French President Francois Mitterrand and U.S.
Secretary of State Lawrence Eagleburger over the weekend
gave their support to such a resolution.
    The French move went further than the EC summit ending
on Saturday, which mentioned violations of the no-fly zone
and said the U.N. Security Council should examine the
situation in the light of its Resolution 786 of October 9
which provided for possible enforcement.
    Countries with peace-keeping troops on the ground --
Britain, France and Canada -- had been opposed to
enforcement as long as no combat missions were flown.
    They feared their troops would become the target for
revenge attacks if Serb planes were shot down.
    The United States and other Western governments are
coming under increasing pressure to do more to alleviate the
sufferings of Bosnian Moslems.
    Former president Ronald Reagan as well as former prime
minister Margaret Thatcher of Britain are among those urging
bombing attacks on Serbia.
    Other nations as well as President-elect Bill Clinton
advocate lifting an arms embargo against Bosnia, which they
say helps the more heavily-equipped Serbs.
    But both Perkins and Merimee said such a resolution was
not under discussion.
    U.N. officials have said that Bosnian Moslems also are
preventing U.N. monitors from gaining access to one airport,
and suspect weapons are being flown in there.

12/14 German Cabinet Minister Quits To Protest

   BONN, Germany (AP) -- A Cabinet minister expressed shame
Monday for his government's failure to intercede in the
Yugoslavian conflict and announced his resignation.
   "I am ashamed to belong to this Cabinet as long as it
stands by its position of inaction," Christian Schwarz-
Schilling, the post and telecommunications minister, told a
news conference.
   Chancellor Helmut Kohl responded by saying no minister
was obliged to serve.
   Schwarz-Schilling complained that the Cabinet had barred
the German navy from participating in the search of vessels
suspected of breaking a U.N.-imposed trade embargo on
Yugoslavia.
   Germany has a warship participating in NATO's monitoring
of the embargo but has decided its constitution, which
limits the use of German troops, bars German sailors from
searching ships.
   Schwarz-Schilling's days in the Cabinet may have been
numbered anyway.
   There had been widespread speculation that Kohl planned
to dump Schwarz-Schilling, a member of his conservative
Christian Democratic Union, in a Cabinet reshuffle.
Xref: sparky soc.culture.turkish:13334 talk.politics.mideast:23640 talk.politics.soviet:9815 soc.culture.greek:11610 soc.culture.europe:10578 soc.rights.human:4559 news.admin.policy:809