HDTenEightyP/NetNews huggingface dataset:
From: jwb@capek.rdt.monash.edu.au (Jim Breen)
Subject: Re: kanji of the day ?45
Organization: Monash University, Melb., Australia.
Date: Mon, 28 Sep 1992 00:14:48 GMT

hiraga@Csli.Stanford.EDU (Yuzuru Hiraga) writes:

>In article <jwb.717205287@capek.rdt.monash.edu.au> jwb@capek.rdt.monash.edu.au (Jim Breen) writes:
>>>YOkoku    -  ally
>>YOshin  imparted truth
>>YOten   number of points received (e.g. in an election)

>Gee, I, native speaker, have never heard these words.
>(The second and third aren't in my Iwanami dictionary, either.)

They are flagged as queries in edict (qqq). This means that they have been
seen in text, but not found in a dictionary.

>>>KANJI OF THE DAY # 45
>>>YOtarou   -  slow witted fellow, liar
>>>YOkoku    -  ally
>>
>>Can anyone give me the kanji for these?

>I believe you won't mind using JIS:
 Thanks.

>>>YOriki    -  feudal era police
>>
>>  ---- The Wordtank has this as: police sergeant. Is this current?

>Yoriki is a senior rank police officer in the Edo era,
>belonging to the samurai class -- below Bugyou (city police chief?)
>and above Doushin.  My impression is something higher than sergeant,
>inspector, perhaps?
>The "cops" (if you excuse me) are Okappiki, belonging to the chounin
>class and often working as a side business under doushin.
>Actually, the system is more complicated, but I don't have the details now.

>And these are now obsolete, except in Jidaigeki TV/movie features :-)

Thanks also.

-- 
Jim Breen                           JIS:$B%8%`!!%V%j!<%s(J
Department of Robotics & Digital Technology. Monash University. 
PO Box 197 Caulfield East VIC 3145 Australia (ph) +61 3 573 2552 
(fax) +61 3 573 2345  AARNet/Internet:jwb@capek.rdt.monash.edu.au  
Newsgroups: sci.lang.japan
From: jwb@capek.rdt.monash.edu.au (Jim Breen)
Subject: Re: Where does MOKE reside?
Organization: Monash University, Melb., Australia.
Date: Wed, 30 Sep 1992 00:11:12 GMT

jonwd@uwtc.washington.edu (Jon Wiederspan) writes:

>The U.S. server for the shareware version of Moke is
>ftp.uwtc.washington.edu (128.95.202.40) in /pub/Japanese/JimBreen.  Read
>the 'Index' file for the specific files to download.  This site also
>mirrors much of the contents of monu6.cc.monash.edu.au.  

Err. Modesty forces me to say that that I did *not* write MOKE, or its
stablemates KG, jprint, etc. They are all the work of Mark Edwards. Jon
has them temporaily in a directory of my name, because he is picking things 
up from my monu6 area. He assures me that they will be sorted out into
more appropriately named subdirectories eventually.

BTW, for those of you interested in news of Mark Edwards, he finished his
job in Tokyo and moved back to the US about a week ago. Anyone writing to 
him should address things to his family's place in Wisconsin. I hope he
gets back onto internet eventually.

-- 
Jim Breen                           JIS:$B%8%`!!%V%j!<%s(J
Department of Robotics & Digital Technology. Monash University. 
PO Box 197 Caulfield East VIC 3145 Australia (ph) +61 3 573 2552 
(fax) +61 3 573 2345  AARNet/Internet:jwb@capek.rdt.monash.edu.au  
Xref: sparky sci.lang.japan:4338 soc.culture.china:27003 soc.culture.japan:8592
From: dan@cafws2.eng.uci.edu (Dan Harkless)
Newsgroups: sci.lang.japan,soc.culture.china,soc.culture.japan
Subject: Re: Dyslexi in china & Japan
Date: 6 Oct 92 16:00:05 GMT
Organization: University of California, Irvine

In article <1992Oct1.235722.11419@sol.UVic.CA> rkerr@sirius.UVic.CA (Ron  Kerr) writes:
>In article <2ACB38B9.21485@news.service.uci.edu>, dan@cafws2.eng.uci.edu (Dan Harkless) writes:
>|> 
>|> 	Yes, all dyslexia really means in psychological terms is an failure to
>|> learn to read properly.  The person is taught (taking illiterati due to ignor-
>|> ance out of the equation), but just doesn't quite learn it.
>|> 
>Almost but not quite.  They do learn to read but it is difficult.

	I didn't mean they don't learn to read at all.  That's why I said
"to learn to read properly".  They can't quite get it.  This is the definition
I was taught in a neurobiology course.

>The definition would be 'a disturbance of the ability to read'.  
>My cousin is dyslexic and it takes her a long time to read, because she
>has to read words again and again.  The problem that she has is the
>letters in the words will 'mix up' (ie. 'road sign' might be seen one time
>as 'rdoa sgin' and 'rdao sing' another time) (hence it is very hard to learn)

	Note, however, that it's another common psychological misunderstanding
(along with thinking that Schizophrenia means multiple personalities) that
dyslexia always means you see words with their letters mixed around.  This is
only one possible form the difficulty can manifest itself.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Dan Harkless                | "The sore in my soul                         |
| dan@cafws1.eng.uci.edu      |  The mark in my heart  ->  Front 242,        |
| dharkles@bonnie.ics.uci.edu |  Her acid reign..."        Tragedy >For You< |
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Newsgroups: sci.lang.japan
From: htanabe@ponder.csci.unt.edu (Hisaharu Tanabe)
Subject: hterm
Organization: University of North Texas
Date: Wed, 30 Sep 1992 05:35:17 GMT

Does anybody know how to put Mr.Lunde's jconv.c into hterm as a recovery
routine?

Please reply me through E-Mail.

Thanks in advance.

Hisaharu Tanabe

Newsgroups: sci.lang.japan,soc.culture.china,soc.culture.japan
From: rkerr@sirius.UVic.CA (Ron  Kerr)
Subject: Re: Dyslexi in china & Japan
Organization: University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
Date: Thu, 1 Oct 92 23:57:22 GMT

In article <2ACB38B9.21485@news.service.uci.edu>, dan@cafws2.eng.uci.edu (Dan Harkless) writes:
|> In article <Bv6Az1.D36@usenet.ucs.indiana.edu> yawei@bronze.ucs.indiana.edu (~{QG9p~}) w
|> >
|> >What exactly is the definition of dyslexis anyway?  If just 
|> >simply as inability to learn to read, then 1/2 of my primary
|> >school class was probably dyslexies. :-)
|> 
|> 	Yes, all dyslexia really means in psychological terms is an failure to
|> learn to read properly.  The person is taught (taking illiterati due to ignor-
|> ance out of the equation), but just doesn't quite learn it.
|> 
Almost but not quite.  They do learn to read but it is difficult.
The definition would be 'a disturbance of the ability to read'.  
My cousin is dyslexic and it takes her a long time to read, because she
has to read words again and again.  The problem that she has is the
letters in the words will 'mix up' (ie. 'road sign' might be seen one time
as 'rdoa sgin' and 'rdao sing' another time) (hence it is very hard to learn)
A lot of the time it is undetected and dyslexics will fall behind because
they can't keep up with the reading.  Reading a given text that would
an average person 5 minutes may take someone with dyslexia 20-25 minutes
to read.  Obviously, if this is on a time-limited test the person
will more than likely get a poor mark, because of lack of 'proper' time.

The original poster asked for evidence to refute the claim that
'dyslexi wouldn't exist in China & Japan'. I think that is a questionable
statement but I have no evidence either for or against the claim.
I have heard of experiments, where children with and without dyslexia
were taught Chinese characters.  The children learned at the same
rate indicating that *their* problem (the dyslexics)
 was the reading 'words' and they had no problem with a 'picture based'
 language.
(sorry I don't know more about the experiment)

Would dyslexia in China take the form of 'mixing up' radicals in complex
symbols?

.02 cents from a non-expert
Ron Kerr
From: johan@cav2.crc.canon.co.jp
Newsgroups: sci.lang.japan
Subject: RE: Kanji Talk
Date: 5 Oct 92 04:24:20 GMT
Organization: Canon Research Center, Canon Inc., Kanagawa, JAPAN
X-Nntp-Posting-Host: cav2


In article <1992Sep30.192748.17129@pbhyf.PacBell.COM>, yxizaki@pbhyf.PacBell.COM (4E700) writes:
> 

> Just bought a new MAC(powerbook).
> And I'd like to install a KANJI-TALK.
> Where can I buy it around SF Bay area(preferably east bay)? Anybody knows?
> Thank you in advance!
> 
I just learned a few days ago that a Japanese version of System 7.1 will be
released in early november. It's not called kanji-talk, since it will be
using Apple's multi-lingual extenstion for 16-bit character codes.
The 7.1J is being developed by Canon Sales Co.
According to the early press-releases, the kanji conversion procedure is
vastly improved from System 6.0X. For example, there is a kanji dictionary
built in as well as other functions. The conversion is said to be "smarter",
eventhough I haven't tried it myself. This new conversion soft is called
KOTOERI and contains at least 50,000 words and could be extended with 
dictionaries of other softwares like VJE or EGBridge.

Another advantage with 7.1J is that it supports Kanji true fonts. The
multilingual extension (World Script II (TM)) supports not only Japanese,
but also Chinese, Korean, Arabic, Thai etc. I don't know yet, however, if
there are such softwares on the market. If anyone knows more about this,
please let me know.

Johan Bergquist
johan@cav2.crc.canon.co.jp
Newsgroups: sci.lang.japan
From: mathias@uhunix.uhcc.Hawaii.Edu (Gerald B. Mathias)
Subject: Re: huh..  was Re: 26 blah
Organization: University of Hawaii
Date: Tue, 6 Oct 1992 19:48:27 GMT

In article <2ACB3E90.21976@news.service.uci.edu> dan@cafws2.eng.uci.edu (Dan Harkless) writes:
>In article <3835@randvax.rand.org> edhall@rand.org (Ed Hall) writes:
>>
>>With the possible exception of the "ya-yu-yo" row, Japanese is pretty
>>much diphthong-free.  (Let any linguists among us clarify or correct
>>this...)
>
>	What about the 'ao' sometimes coming out as "ow"?

Sam Martin speaks of certain vowel combinations in Japanese as diphthongs,
so Mr. Harkless is in good company.  But I agree with Ed Hall; I would
characterize Japanese (and Korean) as a diphthong-avoiding language.  
Rather than turn "ai" or "au" into "ay" or "ow" Japanese tends to make
them "ee" and "oo" respectively (analogical things occur in Korean).

In any event, letting 'ao' come out as "ow" is a booboo.  For one thing,
it makes `kao' "face" and `kau' "buy" sound the same.  As for "karaoke,"
you need to pronounce the `a' and `o' EQUALLY but not separately (as with
pause or glottal stop).

Bart Mathias
From: jonwd@uwtc.washington.edu (Jon Wiederspan)
Newsgroups: sci.lang.japan
Subject: Re: Where does MOKE reside?
Date: 29 Sep 92 18:39:55 GMT
Article-I.D.: u.1992Sep29.183955.20928
Organization: Technical Japanese Program
X-Xxmessage-Id: <A6EDF1E7BF01CA3F@harajuku.tjp.washington.edu>
X-Xxdate: Tue, 29 Sep 92 19:43:35 GMT
X-Useragent: Nuntius v1.1.1d11

In article <1992Sep23.173628.18032@aio.jsc.nasa.gov> ,
greadore@jscprofs.nasa.gov writes:
>In article <1992Sep22.153430.14639@intelhf.hf.intel.com>
stan@hfglobe.intel.com
>(Stan Uffner) writes:
>>Would some please send me the ftp address for the shareware version of
MOKE?
>>
>>Thank you,
>>
>>stan
>>
>>stan@hfglobe.intel.com
>>
>MOKE shareware resides at the ftp address utsun.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp
(133.11.11.11)

The U.S. server for the shareware version of Moke is
ftp.uwtc.washington.edu (128.95.202.40) in /pub/Japanese/JimBreen.  Read
the 'Index' file for the specific files to download.  This site also
mirrors much of the contents of monu6.cc.monash.edu.au.  

Jon Wiederspan                             jonwd@uwtc.washington.edu
Research Consultant - Software Design
Technical Japanese Program      PHN: (206) 543-7610
19 Engr. Library, FH-40                        (206) 685-1784
Seattle, WA  98195                       FAX: (206) 685-3264
Newsgroups: sci.lang.japan
From: simon@dcs.warwick.ac.uk (Simon Clippingdale)
Subject: jserver (was: How to use openwindows)
Organization: Department of Computer Science, Warwick University, England
Date: Tue, 29 Sep 1992 20:34:34 GMT

In article <1992Sep25.213021.11568@athena.mit.edu> ross@minnie.mit.edu (Ross Levinsky) writes:
>
> To the best of my knowledge, you're going to have a hell of a time
> running the latest versions of Japanese software on any Openwindows
> platform, because their libs are based on X11R4, and the latest versions
> of jserver, kterm, kinput2, etc., all require X11R5.
     ^^^^^^^
"jserver" is not something I've heard of. Is it functionally similar to wnn?
If anybody has experience of this, how does it compare with wnn and is it
available by ftp?

Cheers

Simon
-- 
Simon Clippingdale                simon@dcs.warwick.ac.uk
Department of Computer Science    Tel (+44) 203 523296
University of Warwick             FAX (+44) 203 525714
Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
Newsgroups: sci.lang.japan
From: marco@paola.dei.unipd.it (Marco Pontil 259243)
Subject: Re: kanji of the day ?48
Organization: Universita' di Padova, Italia
Date: Fri, 2 Oct 1992 10:05:27 GMT

In article <9210011403.AA17262@bloom-beacon.MIT.EDU> NIHONGO@mitvma.mit.edu writes:
>In sci.lang.japan you write:
>
>>KANJI OF THE DAY # 48
>> etc.
>
>Very very interesting!
>...but I lost last ..ehm.. 47 Kanji.
>This is the first time I come here: is it possible
>to have, by E-mail or FTP, previous postings?

Hemm,   I've the same problem so, I'll be very grateful if someone I'll send
me the previos Kanji, or if someone will tell me where it is possible to
find them.

Thanks ....


                ______  __.  __  _  ____________________________
               / / / <_(_/|_/ (_(__(_)  marco@paola.dei.unipd.it
From: jwb@capek.rdt.monash.edu.au (Jim Breen)
Newsgroups: sci.lang.japan
Subject: Re: kanji of the day ?47
Date: 6 Oct 92 02:37:46 GMT
Organization: Monash University, Melb., Australia.

stueber@VAX.MPIZ-KOELN.MPG.DBP.DE writes:

>KANJI OF THE DAY # 47

>JIS      = 3165 (serial number)

hex 425f

>Compounds:

>KASHIkata  -  creditor; how to lend
>KA(shi)basha -  carriage for hire

   thanks: new ones for edict

edict has also:

chinTAI		lease (vs)
KASHIya		house for rent
KASHIkiri	reserved, reservation
mutanpoKASHItsuke	unsecured loan
TAIyo		loan, lending


-- 
Jim Breen                           JIS:$B%8%`!!%V%j!<%s(J
Department of Robotics & Digital Technology. Monash University. 
PO Box 197 Caulfield East VIC 3145 Australia (ph) +61 3 573 2552 
(fax) +61 3 573 2345  AARNet/Internet:jwb@capek.rdt.monash.edu.au  
Newsgroups: sci.lang.japan
From: jwb@capek.rdt.monash.edu.au (Jim Breen)
Subject: Re: kanji of the day ?49
Organization: Monash University, Melb., Australia.
Date: Wed, 7 Oct 1992 02:41:54 GMT

stueber@VAX.MPIZ-KOELN.MPG.DBP.DE writes:

>KANJI OF THE DAY # 49

>JIS      = 2826 (serial number)

hex: 3f26

>Compounds:

>SHOKkou     -  factory worker
>naiSHOKU    -  side job

New for edict 8-)}

and from edict: 

SHOKken		authority, commission
SHIKIbetsushi	identifier
SHOKUmu		professional duties
oSHOKU		corruption
kyuuSHOKU	job hunting
kyouSHOKU	the teaching profession
kenSHOKU	pluralism, plurality
genSHOKU	present condition
shuuSHOKU	finding employment (vs), inauguration
jiSHOKU		resignation
junSHOKU	dying at one's post (vs)

plus about 10 more (I got tired).

-- 
Jim Breen                           JIS:$B%8%`!!%V%j!<%s(J
Department of Robotics & Digital Technology. Monash University. 
PO Box 197 Caulfield East VIC 3145 Australia (ph) +61 3 573 2552 
(fax) +61 3 573 2345  AARNet/Internet:jwb@capek.rdt.monash.edu.au
From: dan@cafws2.eng.uci.edu (Dan Harkless)
Subject: Re: Why not learn "26 more" characters
Newsgroups: sci.lang.japan
Organization: University of California, Irvine
Date: 6 Oct 92 15:54:06 GMT

In article <1992Oct2.182658.29199@netcom.com> gperkins@netcom.com (Glen C. Perkins) writes:
>dan@cafws2.eng.uci.edu (Dan Harkless) writes:
>
>>In article <ghawkins.717267544@unix1.tcd.ie> ghawkins@unix1.tcd.ie (George C. Hawkins) writes:
>>>sdwyer@AGSM.UCLA.EDU (Steve Dwyer) writes:
>>>
>>>>> Why did the advertising moguls decide to pronounce "Hyundai" as
>>>>> "hun-day"?
>>>
>>>>What is the correct pronunciation?  Before marketed in the U.S., the
>>>>Wall Street Journal said Hyundai is rhymes with Sunday.
>>>
>>>I wonder why Americans should choose a different pronunciation to Europe
>>>where it is hi-yun-dye.
>
>>	Well, a wrong pronunciation is a wrong pronunciation - no use discus-
>>sing the relative merits of different ones...
>
>That's a pretty silly comment. "Wrong pronunciation" can only be
>considered as a matter of degree [...]

	All I meant was, it seems kind of silly to discuss why different areas
change the _original_ pronunciation in different ways.  I can understand some-
one wondering why the original pronunciation was changed, but there's no use
wondering why a different country doesn't mispronounce (pronounce quite 
differently from the original pronunciation) a word the same way...  [No 
offense intended toward Mr. Hawkins.]

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Dan Harkless                | "The sore in my soul                         |
| dan@cafws1.eng.uci.edu      |  The mark in my heart  ->  Front 242,        |
| dharkles@bonnie.ics.uci.edu |  Her acid reign..."        Tragedy >For You< |
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
From: johan@cav2.crc.canon.co.jp
Newsgroups: sci.lang.japan
Subject: Re: wordtank
Date: 30 Sep 92 11:33:44 GMT
Distribution: sci.lang.japan
Organization: Canon Research Center, Canon Inc., Kanagawa, JAPAN
X-Nntp-Posting-Host: cav2

In article <WIDMER.92Sep30172008@af.zzz.pe.u-tokyo.ac.jp>, widmer@zzz.pe.u-tokyo.ac.jp (Thomas Widmer) writes:
> 
> 
> Yesterday I looked at the wordtank 7100 ( I hope I got the number
> right). However I couldn't figure out how well one can learn the kanji's
> with the wordtank. Somehow it was possible to select the kanji's the
> user wants to learn, but I couldn't find out more by just trying.
> 
> Since I'm thinking of buying one, I would like to know what the main
> functions of the learning program are.
>   
> 

There are learning functions if you select Word Memo from the second main
menu. You have to register the items first using the TOUROKU button from
the main dictionary (the menu that appears after power-up). It's possible
to store information from all dictionaries.

See further the Word Tank user report, which I posted in this newsgroup this mo
rning.

If you have other questions, pls let me know. I've been using Word Tank
8500 for ever since it was released. It's really an essential part of the survival
kit when working with the Japanese. See further the Word Tank User report
which I posted in this newsgroup this morning.

I'd recommend you to buy the 7200 model, since it could be upgraded to the
capacity of the 8500 by just purchasing two cards. This is much cheaper
and you will get a more handy device without unnecessary functions (see the
user report for details)

Good luck

Johan Bergquist
Canon R&D Headquarters
johan@cav2.crc.canon.co.jp
From: ele9084@CDC835.CDC.POLIMI.IT (Gianmarco Armellin)
Newsgroups: sci.lang.japan
Subject: Re: kanji of the day ?48
Date: 1 Oct 92 13:47:08 GMT
Article-I.D.: bloom-be.9210011403.AA17262
Reply-To: NIHONGO@mitvma.mit.edu
Organization: The Internet

In sci.lang.japan you write:

>KANJI OF THE DAY # 48
> etc.

Very very interesting!
...but I lost last ..ehm.. 47 Kanji.
This is the first time I come here: is it possible
to have, by E-mail or FTP, previous postings?

Tnx very much in advance, if U can help me.
--
Gianmarco Armellin	ele9084@cdc835.cdc.polimi.it
Politecnico di Milano,
Italy.
From: djohnson@cs.ucsd.edu (Darin Johnson)
Newsgroups: sci.lang.japan
Subject: kinput2
Date: 26 Sep 92 19:15:43 GMT

Ok, finally we've got a kinput2 that actually works (so xjdic can
be used at last).  So then, does anyone have detailed instructions
on how to do conversion?  I can get simple kana/kanji, but I hope
there is a lot more to it than that (ie, can I move forwards/backwards,
delete characters, etc?)

-- 
Darin Johnson
djohnson@ucsd.edu
    Macintosh - you can buy better, but you can't pay more!
Newsgroups: sci.lang.japan
From: marco@paola.dei.unipd.it (Marco Pontil 259243)
Subject: How to begin a letter ....
Organization: Universita' di Padova, Italia
Date: Mon, 28 Sep 1992 09:17:13 GMT


Newsgroups: sci.lang.japan
From: atluri@berlioz.nsc.com (Venkata R. Atluri)
Subject: Nihongo dictionary: suggestions .
Originator: atluri@monet
Organization: National Semiconductor Corporation
Date: Sun, 4 Oct 1992 20:21:07 GMT


Konnichiwa,

	I am looking for suggestions on a good English - Jaoanese - English
dictionary that has both romanji and katakana/hiragna stuff. I was also wondering
if some one has experience on an electronic version of these dictionary.
Please email me your suggestions as my News feed seems to be down these days.

Domo arigatoo.

--atluri 

(atluri@berlioz.nsc.com)
From: AL282444@VMTECSLP.BITNET (Alejandro Ueda)
Newsgroups: sci.lang.japan
Subject: Request
Date: 30 Sep 92 17:49:22 GMT
Reply-To: NIHONGO@mitvma.mit.edu
Organization: The Internet

Hi people!
 I'm looking for a Nagasaki node, if anyone knows one, please mail me...
  Hontou ni arigatou gozaimasu...
                        Sincerely....
                                  Alejandro K. Ueda I.
                                  al282444 at vmtecslp
Newsgroups: sci.lang.japan
From: mckay@HYPERCOMP.NS.CA (Alasdair Mckay)
Subject: Re:  Flower help.
Reply-To: NIHONGO@mitvma.mit.edu
Organization: The Internet
Date: Fri, 2 Oct 1992 19:31:28 GMT

Kiku        Chrysanthemum as far as I am aware.

Alasdair McKay
From: timd@ed.ac.uk (Tim Duncan)
Newsgroups: sci.lang.japan
Subject: Re: UK video suppliers
Date: 28 Sep 92 11:15:57 GMT
Reply-To: T.Duncan@ed.ac.uk
Organization: AI Applications Institute, University of Edinburgh

In article <1992Sep24.185653@uni-paderborn.de>, Martin Funke writes:
|> Does anyone know if/where it is possible to get Japanese videos 
|> [ preferably with subtitles :-) ] in the UK ?

There are a few subtitled videos around, you should find them quite easily in one
of the larger stores (eg: Virgin Megastore).  Kurasawa's films are easy to find
(Seven Samurai, Ran, Kagemusha, Throne of Blood, etc).  I've also seen Itami's
Tampopo around.  There are two version's of Akira (futuristic anime) one is
dubbed, but you can also get the collector's version which is the subtitled
version. 

If you are not bothered about subtitles you could try the Japan Centre (near
Piccadily Circus underground). They have videos for rent, and often ex-rental
for sale.

	Japan Centre
	66-68 Brewer Street,
	London W1R 3PJ
	Tel: 071 439 8035
	Fax: 071 437 0878




+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
|   Tim Duncan, AI Applications Institute, University of Edinburgh,    |
|    80 South Bridge, Edinburgh EH1 1HN, Scotland, United Kingdom.     |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
|   Tel: +44 31 650 2747  Email: timd@ed.ac.uk  FAX: +44 31 650 6513   |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
Newsgroups: sci.lang.japan