HDTenEightyP/NetNews huggingface dataset:
From: cleavy@pangea.Stanford.EDU (Cleavy McKnight)
Subject: Re: Mineral Cleavage
Organization: Stanford Univ. Earth Sciences
Date: Mon, 12 Oct 1992 01:22:53 GMT

In article <1992Oct7.195109.59519@cc.usu.edu> alanj@cc.usu.edu writes:
>In article <1992Oct7.215800.9706@morrow.stanford.edu>, karish@pangea.Stanford.EDU (Chuck Karish) writes:
>> In article <1992Oct7.134836.59513@cc.usu.edu> alanj@cc.usu.edu writes:
>>>I have been assigned a TA here at Utah State teaching labs for Introductory
>>>Geology.  The main problem I have encountered so far is teaching the concept of
>>>mineral cleavage.
>> 
>> What sort of problems do people have with the concept?  Do they
>> confuse crystal growth surfaces with cleavages?
>
>Yes, they can see clevage in mica but they do not understand why it isn't
>clevage in quartz.  A few students understand, most get the general picture,
>but there are a few who cannot visualize it.
> 
     It can be easy to confuse crystal growth surfaces with cleavages.
     Perhaps a good example to show your students is calcite vs. quartz.
     Pardon me for stating the obvious, but I teach students, too, so...

     Quartz and calcite CRYSTALS can look quite similar--both are six-sided
     columns (prisms) capped by six-sided pyramids.  But, if you break
     quartz, you will get the familiar conchoidal fracture faces; if you
     break calcite, you will get the familiar rhombohedra which look quite
     different from the original calcite CRYSTALS.

     Another classic example is halite (NaCl), which you can cleave into
     increasingly smaller cubes.

>> Nothing you do will enable all your students to be able to
>> visualize cleavage planes in 3-D and understand their
>> intersections.
>
>That's for sure.
>
>>>Again remember that most of these students are only in these classes because
>>>their major requires it or for physical science GE credit but they need to
>>>understand the concept for their upcoming exam.
>> 
>> If you can motivate students by showing them something
>> they think is neat, more power to you.  If not, just
>> don't let the more opportunistic of them wear you
>> down.
>> --
>
>Yea, good idea.  I guess I'll get imaginative.

     I usually find some diagrams from textbooks illustrating the stacking/
     latticework of atoms useful to show where cleavage planes form.  Of
     course, some of the students don't seem to understand the concept of
     atoms and molecules, so...
From: gkm@cc.uow.edu.au (Glen K Moore)
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
Subject: Re: How many miles in 1degofLat
Date: 11 Oct 92 14:53:26 GMT
Organization: University Of Wollongong

jburnes@swbatl.sbc.com (Jim Burnes - 235-7444) writes:

>Is there any way (and does anyone know of the conversion factor) to convert
>from degrees of Latitude/Longitude to miles.  For example if I know the
>DMS for two cities what is the standard way to computer mileage?

>I know I could probably derive this value experimentally but I thought
>there might be a standard conversion.


Angular distance between two places is given by

cos (dist)=sin(lat1)sin(lat2)+cos(lat1)cos(lat2)cos(difference in long.)

Then convert angle to distance by 60miles = 1 minute of angle. These are 
nautical miles.

Glen
gkm@cc.uow.edu.au

>Jim
>--
>-----------------------------------+----------------------------------------
>Jim Burnes, UNIX SysAdmin          ! Give up sainthood, renounce wisdom, 
>SWBell Advanced Technology Labs    ! And it will be a hundred times better 
>(314) 235-7444                     !       for everyone..... 
>jburnes@swbatl.sbc.com             ! Tao Te Ching # 19,  Lao Tsu 
>-----------------------------------+----------------------------------------
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology,ca.earthquakes
From: KTRIGG@TOROLAB3.VNET.IBM.COM
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
Subject: Focal Mechanisms
Date: 16 Oct 92 15:18:33 GMT

Hi,

I'm posting for a friend who would like to know about
focal mechanisms.  What are they and where can she get more information?


You can post replies here or reach me via e-mail at
ktrigg@torolab3.vnet.ibm.com.

Thanks in Advance,
Kevin Trigg
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology,ca.earthquakes
Organization: Middle East Technical University - Computer Center
Date: Monday, 12 Oct 1992 14:03:11 TUR
From: <B92060@TRMETU.BITNET>
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology,sci.engr.civil
Subject: 3D stress analysis in crack problems

i am looking for sources having information on three dimensional displcement
discontiniuities stress analysis for crack problems and computer programms
written on this subjects.
Also,I need help on the subject of three dimensional stress analysis of crack
tip elements.
with highest regards.



P.S:please send personal e-mail.
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
From: tslage78@ursa.calvin.edu (Thomas Slager)
Subject: Creation science and depth of the oceans
Organization: Calvin College
Date: Mon, 12 Oct 1992 02:30:45 GMT

I was in this little argument with a kid at school who thinks the world is 
only about 13,000 years old.  He cited an argument given by creation scientists
that the oceans would be much shallower if the earth were as old as we believe.
I am not fammilliar with theory, but I figure it has been shot down.  Anybody
care to tell me what the thoery is and why it don't work?

Thanks,
Tom

Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
From: zkdc05@trc.amoco.com (Kelly D. Crawford)
Subject: Re: Creation science and depth of the oceans
Originator: zkdc05@church
Organization: Amoco Production Company, Tulsa Research
Date: Mon, 12 Oct 1992 15:47:46 GMT


In article <tslage78.718857045@ursa>, tslage78@ursa.calvin.edu (Thomas Slager) writes:
> I was in this little argument with a kid at school who thinks the world is 
> only about 13,000 years old.  He cited an argument given by creation scientists
> that the oceans would be much shallower if the earth were as old as we believe.
> I am not fammilliar with theory, but I figure it has been shot down.  Anybody
> care to tell me what the thoery is and why it don't work?
> 

There are several different creation theories ranging from a very young earth, to
a very old earth.  The best creation theories today (IMHO) are compatible with a
very old earth, evolution, etc.  Dr. Hugh Ross has a book (I think it is called "Reasons
to Believe") that puts forth a "creation-evolution" theory that is quite acceptable to
both science and Christianity.  If anyone is interested, I can try to find a better
reference...

Kelly
-- 
Kelly D. Crawford             | Amoco Production Research | These are my own
kcrawford@trc.amoco.com       | 4502 East 41st Street     | opinions, not
phone: (918) 660-4043         | Tulsa, OK  74102          | Amoco's...
          >>> *** This line intentionally left blank *** <<<
From: ceb@dbrus.Unify.Com (Caroline E. Bryan)
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
Subject: Re: Creation "science" and depth of the oceans
Date: 13 Oct 92 17:35:15 GMT
Organization: /usr/lib/news/organization

In article <1992Oct12.190211.4663@alc.com> stassen@alc.com (Chris Stassen) writes:
>Thomas Slager asks:
>> I was in this little argument with a kid at school who thinks the world is 
>> only about 13,000 years old.  He cited an argument given by creation 
>> scientists that the oceans would be much shallower if the earth were as
>> old as we believe.
>
>These creation "science" arguments generally rest on: assuming uniformity
>of rate of a process which is almost certainly not uniform over time (e.g.,
>rate of erosion), and ignoring processes known to operate in the opposite
>direction (e.g., tectonic uplift, ocean floor subduction).

Also "creation scientists" promote a distrust in God's abilities.  "The earth
can't be old," they imply, "because God is incapable of doing anything beyond
human understanding."  The Bible, written (for the most part) at the level of
humans' understanding, is taken to be literally true for scientific explana-
tions.  This assumption forces the "creation scientists" to claim that their
limited understanding limits God's ability to have created the conditions
[e.g., big bang or alternative] and the physical laws that eventually created
the planet.  God had to have created the planet Himself, by hand, they imply,
because He is incapable of doing something incomparably more elegant.  It is
truly like a person, who doesn't understand how water assumes a crystalline 
formation when it freezes under certain conditions, claiming that snowflakes
are fiction.

It is a profoundly unchristian standpoint, absolutely essential to their
position, and one they cling to avidly.


Carrie		ceb@rechenau.unify.com	x6244		---------------------+
|   "Technical work needs reviewing for the same reason that pencils need    |
|   erasers."			- Daniel P. Freedman & Gerald M. Weinberg    |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
From: zawr02@hou.amoco.com (Andrew W. Robinson)
Subject: Re: least likely to get a tremor
Reply-To: zawr02@hou.amoco.com
Organization: Amoco
Date: Mon, 12 Oct 1992 21:27:58 GMT

In article 2285@merrimack.edu, nin15b63@merrimack.edu (THE WOLF) writes:
>Which areas of the USA have the lowest levels of earthquake/tremor activity? 
>Of the world?
---

If memory serves from graduate school six years ago, there aren't many places in the 
US completely devoid of seismic activity. Everything from the Rockies westward is young
and/or tectonically active. The largest historical earthquakes occured at New Madrid,
Missouri in 1811 and 1812, raising concerns a few years ago about the safety of St. Louis
and Memphis.  Charleston, SC experienced an earthquake in 1886 since estimated to be 
almost magnitude 7, and one estimated to be even larger occured off the coast of 
Massachucettes a hundred years before that.  

One area that does seem to be unusually quiet is the Piedmont and Coastal Plain of North
Carolina.  The same areas of Virginia and South Carolina have had measurable activity 
recently and in historical times, but apparently none has been noted in NC. (If someone has
more accurate information, please correct me.)  

Then again, this may be an example of the donut effect on a time scale longer than the 
historical record.  The donut effect says that the area longest without an earthquake is 
the most likely spot for the next one because that is where the stress has had longest to 
accumulate.  The donut effect was used to forecast (not predict) the 1989 Loma Prieta 
earthquake. Perhaps North Carolina appears quiet because of a donut effect on a time
scale of a thousand years and will be the site of the next "big one" on the east coast.

Oops.  Looks like I'm finally airing the ponderings of many years (and beers) on the subject 
of my graduate study :-).  The point is that probably nowhere in the US is completely safe 
from the effects of an earthquake.  However as a practical matter,  I wouldn't lose any sleep
over earthquakes in 95% of the country.

Andrew Robinson
--------------------------------------------------------------
Amoco Production Co 
Houston, TX 					(713) 556-2096
TESTX400(AROBINSO)				(inside Amoco)
Robinson_Andrew_W/ets_ess@hou.amoco.com		(outside Amoco)
--------------------------------------------------------------
Opinions expressed are solely my own.

Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
From: cleavy@pangea.Stanford.EDU (Cleavy McKnight)
Subject: Re: Egyptian quake
Keywords: quake, IRIS, seismogram
Organization: Stanford Univ. Earth Sciences
Date: Thu, 15 Oct 1992 23:57:25 GMT

In article <1992Oct13.143128.22071@lamont.ldgo.columbia.edu> jaume@ldgo.columbia.edu (steven jaume) writes:
>
>starts).  I've also examined several seismograms, both here in Palisades,
>NY, plus digital seismograms available thru IRIS from Harvard, MA; College,
>AK; KONO in Norway, and MAJO in Japan.  The body waves (from which the

     Could you post some info concerning IRIS?  Is it something which can
     be reached through telnet or ftp?  Is it something for which you must
     have your own account, or is it "anonymously" reachable?  Thanks!

Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
From: jamys@yoyo.cc.monash.edu.au (David Godley)
Subject: Building a list of Tropical Geomorphologists
Organization: Monash University, Melb., Australia.
Date: Thu, 15 Oct 1992 06:09:11 GMT


	I am putting together a list of people with electronic mail access
who are working, or undertaking research within the field of tropical
geomorphology or a related field.  This list of will eventually be passed
on to The Tropical Geomorphology Newsletter for publication. 

If you feel that you would like to be included on this list, please send
me a quick note including a single line (preferably) of text containing your
name, e-mail address, Institute and area of Interest.

				Yours,
					David Godley





-- 
_____________________________________________________________________________
David Godley: c/- Dept. Geography, Monash University, Clayton 3168 AUSTRALIA
jamys@yoyo.cc.monash.edu.au                  
Xref: sparky sci.geo.geology:2159 ca.earthquakes:1227
From: chris@xerox.com (Chris Heiny 73186 - SETA)
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
Subject: Re: Magnetic Shifts, Climate, and Evolution
Date: 12 Oct 92 12:53:01 GMT
Reply-To: chris@xerox.com
Organization: Xerox Corporation, Webster NY

/* I've been attempting to post this for the past week...  another try. */


I finally got around to looking up this info.  As far as I can tell, there is no immediate relationship between magnetic reversals and glaciation, or between magnetic reversals and major extinction events.  I counted over 200 reversals back to the middle Mesozoic (about 100 mya) before I gave up.  Eyeballing the graphs showed no immediate coincidence of reversals and either glacial episodes or major extinctions.  Rather the opposite in some notable extinction cases: the polarity was stable across the K/T f










or millions of years on either side (K/T is the most famous mass extinction, at the end of the Cretaceous 65 mya, when the dinosaurs died off) and stable also at the late Permian extinction about 230 mya (80% of species died off).  K/t dating is pretty accurate, Permian may be somewhat fuzzy.

							Chris
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
From: rtp1@quads.uchicago.edu (raymond thomas pierrehumbert)
Subject: Need simple CDF sample program
Reply-To: rtp1@midway.uchicago.edu
Organization: University of Chicago Computing Organizations
Date: Tue, 6 Oct 1992 19:44:48 GMT

Can somebody send me a simple sample program to read a CDF file
(e.g. the Reynolds SST climatology on the GEDEX disk) and
stuff the (2D) variables into an array? It's probably in
the documentation somewhere, but this would save me a lot
of time.

Also, something like cdflist, but which would dump to
an HDF file instead of text, would be nice.

Newsgroups: sci.geo.meteorology
From: sinari@vipunen.hut.fi (Jukka Sinisalo)
Subject: Data on past methane emissions needed
Organization: Helsinki University of Technology, Finland
Date: 8 Oct 92 09:39:25

Unfortunately I'm not positive this is the right group, but I couldn't
think of a better one.

I'm looking for estimates of past methane (and nitrous oxide but methane 
is more important to me right now) emissions caused by human activity.  
Does someone have such data?

It's very easy to find curves that show how the concentration in the 
atmosphere has evolved since the 1750's, but what kind of emissions have
caused it?  I'm sure some guys doing work modelling for IPCC must have
such estimates, but where to get them from?

						Sinari
						f33054r@kaira.hut.fi
From: andromed@cs.dal.ca (Mike Boschat)
Newsgroups: sci.geo.meteorology
Subject: Any info on solar-weather effects ??
Date: 9 Oct 92 16:07:22 GMT
Organization: Math, Stats & CS, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada


 Hi;

 Was wondering if anyone out there has come across any recent
articles on solar-weather phenomena and if you could pass along
the name of the Journals ?
Many thanks...

						Clear skies

						Mike Boschat

 -------------------------------------------------------------------
| " Our problems are man-made,             |  JOHN F. KENNEDY       |
|   therefore they can be solved by man."  |                        |
|                                          | ASTRONOMY  OBSERVATORY |
|                   JOHN F. KENNEDY        |                        |    
 -------------------------------------------------------------------
Newsgroups: sci.geo.meteorology
From: flogden@icaen.uiowa.edu (Fred Lee Ogden)
Subject: Re: Env. Satellites Shutdown in December 1992
Summary: Why are Earth Observation Data being Sacrificed?
Date: Wed, 7 Oct 1992 20:05:51 GMT
Distribution: usa
Organization: Iowa Computer Aided Engineering Network, University of Iowa
Keywords: satellites, budget cuts

Hello,

In his message, Mike Rowlands informed us that:

>> We at Langley Research Center received news on Thursday, October 2,
>> 1992 that NASA intends to shutdown the following satellites in
>> December to save about $15M:
>> 
>>      NUMBUS-7
>>      ERBS
>>      NOAA-9
>>      NOAA-10
>> The following experiments will not be operational while
>> the satellites are shutdown:
>>      Stratospheric Aerosol Measurement II  (SAM II)
>>      Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBS) (3)
>>      Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II (SAGE II)
>> Mike Rowland
>> Mike Rowland, Aerosol Research Branch, MS 475
>> NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton VA 23681
>> internet: rowland@zorba7.larc.nasa.gov

Why in the world (pun intended) are nasa administrators shutting down 
experiments which observe OUR planet, and not those which observe OTHER planets.
Which experiments are more important to US?  Is it more valuable to know the
gravi-metric properties of Venus, or the radiation budget of the Earth?  To me
the answer is obvious.  I hope the NASA administrators responsible for this
decision read this message, and reflect upon the consequences of their 
action.  Shutting down the SAM II, ERBS, and SAGE II experiments will create
gaps in the data which will never be filled, but at least we will know the
spatial variability of the gravitational field of Venus.  Thank heavens.  We
never know when we might actually need to live on Venus.

I am not using the data from any of the affected experiments, but I might 
someday.  I'm just speaking as a scientist confused about many decisions made
by our government regarding scientific research.

Sincerely,

Fred L. Ogden, Ph.D.
Iowa Institute of Hydraulic Research
The University of Iowa
Iowa City, IA 52242
flogden@hml04.hml.uiowa.edu
Newsgroups: sci.geo.meteorology,sci.geo.fluids
From: gpetty@rain.atms.purdue.edu (Grant W. Petty)
Subject: binary land/sea grid for globe ?
Organization: Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, Purdue University
Date: Fri, 9 Oct 1992 23:19:38 GMT

Does anyone know where I can download a file containing accurate land
vs.  sea flags in binary gridded form for the entire globe?  Ideally,
this would be at approx. 0.1 deg. (or about 10 km) or better
resolution, but I would settle for up to 0.25 deg. resolution if
nothing else is available.

Thanks in advance...


-- 
Grant W. Petty                                gpetty@rain.atms.purdue.edu
Assistant Prof. of Atmospheric Science        (317) 494-2544
Dept. of Earth & Atmospheric Sciences     "All standard disclaimers apply"
Purdue University, West Lafayette IN  47907-1397
From: andromed@cs.dal.ca (Mike Boschat)
Newsgroups: sci.geo.meteorology
Subject: Any info on solar-weather effects ??
Date: 12 Oct 92 19:30:58 GMT
Article-I.D.: cs.Bw0wvn.KJ3
Organization: Math, Stats & CS, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada


 Hello

 I was wondering if anyone out there has come across any recent
articles on solar-weather phenomena and if you could pass along
the name of the Journals ?
Many thanks...

						Clear skies

						Mike Boschat

 -------------------------------------------------------------------
| " Our problems are man-made,             |  JOHN F. KENNEDY       |
|   therefore they can be solved by man."  |                        |
|                                          | ASTRONOMY  OBSERVATORY |
|                   JOHN F. KENNEDY        |                        |    
 -------------------------------------------------------------------
Newsgroups: sci.geo.meteorology
From: rwturner@IASTATE.EDU (Richard W Turner)
Subject: Re: THE TRUE CAUSE & ORIGIN OF EARTHQUAKES (AND THEIR PREDICTION)
Keywords: ELF Monitoring, Earthquake Forecasting, Magnetic Fluctuations
Reply-To: rwturner@IASTATE.EDU (Richard W Turner)
Organization: Iowa State University
Date: Thu, 15 Oct 1992 20:55:33 GMT

In article <1992Oct15.142108.18665@lamont.ldgo.columbia.edu>,
lerner@ldgo.columbia.edu (art lerner-lam) writes:
> Best argument I've seen for moderating this newsgroup.

Well, I have to disagree - I like to know where the
kooks live and who they are, that way I can avoid
them.  I noticed the author was from Newton, Indiana
is that near Eerie, Indiana? 
I think there should be a new newsgroup devoted to
gibberish, maybe called;
   sci.geo.gibberish
or sci.geo.pseudo
or alt.sci.crap
or sci.rec.humor
or alt.sci.nat.enquirer  (Did anyone see the ridiculous
photo in the National enquirer of the Devils face outlined
in the eye wall of Hurricane Andrew - It was very realistic :-) )

Richard Turner
Newsgroups: sci.geo.meteorology
From: trwagner@bronze.ucs.indiana.edu (Ted Wagner)
Subject: Question and Wanted...
Organization: Indiana University
Date: Tue, 13 Oct 1992 14:59:54 GMT



	Ok.  Here's the scoop.  I am a student here at Indiana University.
I am currently taking a class that is on this group's topic.  I was
unavoidably gone for 3 weeks back home because my mother had a stroke.
Now I am left catching up on the subject.  I hate missing things like
this and am now over-loaded brain wise.  I have been to the library
here (the geography library where the required materials are) and read
as much as I could about Boltzmann's law, radiation, Planck's law,
heat, solar constant, etc.  
	Here is what I need.  I would like some sort of tutor on the
computer (Mac Hypercard would be great if one exits) to gain a more
simplistic understanding of systems and the physics of said subject.
Also, I have looked around for a program that displays current weather
maps but have not found one.  Does anyone know of the existance
of either of these?  I want to gain a better understanding of the more
simple concepts so that I can understand some of the more in-depth laws.
Yes, I know, Wien's, Planck's, and Stefan-Boltzmann's laws are some
of the raw basics.  But, I have read and read and read.  Sometimes another
source of info does wonders.  I would like to find a tutor.
It does not have to be a Macintosh application.  I have access to
a Mac, PC, NeXT, and Sparc if a tutor exists for any of these machines.

	Can anyone help???   

Thanks ahead of time.

trwagner@cree.ucs.indiana.edu










-- 
         Swallowing your pride rarely leads to indigestion.
         A hard thing about business is minding your own!
-trwagner@bronze.ucs.indiana.edu   &    trwagner@kiwi.ucs.indiana.edu-
----------------------------------------------------------------------
From: aberson@enh.nist.gov
Newsgroups: sci.geo.meteorology
Subject: RE: Hurricanes in Pacific; Iniki etymology
Date: 8 Oct 92 15:51:42 GMT
Organization: NIST

In a previous article, ben@ut-emx.uucp (Benjamin J. Sloan) wrote:
>Hurricane Iniki's visit to Hawaii raised a couple of questions
>I'm sure somebody out there can answer.  First of all, who names
>Pacific storms?  I understand many of the typhoons are referred
>to simply by number.  Who numbers them?

Americans name West Pacific typhoons, thus their American sounding names.
Many other countries just refer to them by number.

>Who named Iniki? 

The Central Pacific hurricane center in Honolulu.

>Also, I thought Pacific storms were always typhoons;
>Atlantic storms always hurricanes.  True?

Atlantic and East and Central Pacific storms are hurricanes, western Pacific
are typhoons 965 kts or greater sustained winds).  Australian
and Indian Ocean systems are referred to as cyclones.

       Sim Aberson   Ft. Lauderdale, FL   aberson%3328.span@sdsc.edu
"It's always Beach Party Barbie, or Malibu Barbie....  That shit does not
prepare you for the true horror of a real woman's life.  Where is Single,
Abused, Trailer-Park Barbie?"             - Roseanne Arnold