From: MANN@YaleVM.YCC.Yale.Edu
Subject: Re: Revised Ying Thing info
Organization: Yale University
Date: Tue, 21 Jul 92 16:10:30 EDT

 
     On 01 July (#1688) I posted as Document #2 Dr. Ying's first
issued statement out of the OSC.  Last Saturday I received from
his office a similar statement, but sufficiently different to
deserve re-posting.  At least this new statement has a dateline.
Transcription follows:
 
Dateline:  July 6, 1992
 
Title:  COLD FUSION IN AN 'YING CELL' AND PROBABILITY ENHANCEMENT
        by BOSON STIMULATION
 
        Nelson Ying* & Charles W. Shults III~
 
*Quantum Nucleonics Corporation, P.O.Box 22447, Lake Buena Vista,
 FL 32830 USA     ~Orlando Science Center, Loch Haven Park, Orlando,
 Florida 32802  USA
 
The dream of unlimited inexpensive energy is age old and so is the
dream of controlling probabilities.  They were realized when an unique
theory of using incident stimulation bosons to enhance probability of
certain decay channels is considered.  Application of this theory to
experiments produced successful Cold Fusion on demand. Rejuvination method for
used cell is also found.
 
          Paneth and Peters (1) (2) observed hydrogen in glass producing
a trace of helium.  Franck (3) and Sakharov (4) postulated that fusion of
deuterium and deuterium is doable if the electron is replaced by a muon.
Alvarez (5) observed the above by introducing muons into a deuterium gas;
although he concluded later that the process is too slow to produce
meaningful energy.  On March 23, 1989, Pons and Fleischman announced at a
press conference and later published (6) that they have been able to
obtain positive energy gain from cold fusion.  Jones et al. (7) published
in Nature on April 27, 1989, indicating that they have also discovered
cold fusion, however with much less energy generation than Pons and
Fleischman.  Other institutions tried to duplicate the results and some
like Texas A&M, Moscow University, and Kossuth University in Hungary had
positive results while MIT et al. did not.  Even those who did get
positive results seemed to have difficulty repeating the success, while
no one was able to obatin cold fusion on demand.
 
          In 1989, one of us (Ying), postulated that in as much as
experimental results indicates that cold fusion exists albeit with very
small probability of occuring, the fact that observable results are
seen implies that there must be an enhancing mechanism.  He theorized
that instead of considering only that there is a small probability of
deuterium-deuterium fusing into helium, but rather consider that in
probability space, the channels such as Helium-4 + gamma(23.8Mev) actually
exists, although for only a very short percentage of time.  He further
theorized that there exists mechanisms to grab this virtual short lived
state out of probability space into normal space.  The act of grabbing a
virtual state out of probability space is an act of enhancing probability.
 
          Applying this methodology to cold fusion requires an experiment
consisting of heavy water, inert anode and a cathode which attracts and holds
hydrogen, such as Pt and Pd respectively, and battery, undergoing
electrolysis.  Then incident bosons would be aimed at the target in the
experiment.  In this case the Pd cathode is the target.  When the incident
bosons are SAME AS AT LEAST ONE TYPE OF HOPED FOR RESULTING BOSONS, THE
INCIDENT BOSON STIMULATES THE PRODUCTION OF THIS RESULTING BOSON - OR PULLS
IT OUT OF PROBABILITY SPACE.  When this happens, not only do we obtain
the resulting bosons which are identical to the incident bosons, but we
also get everything else which is supposed to come out from this decay
channel.  Or in other words, when we shoot 23.8 MeV gamma into the Pd
cathode, we should get helium-4 and more 23.8 MeV gamma out - and this
is cold fusion.  But it also means that when we shoot alpha particles
(which are really helium-4 ions) into the target, we should also obtain
23.8 MeV gamma and more resulting helium-4 - and again this is cold
fusion.  He notes, however, cold fusion is only one example of his
general theory of using incident stimulation bosons to enhance probability.
 
          In December 1991, we (Ying and Shults) teamed together and one
hundred and two experiments later, we finally have several successful
experiments, under several different experimental geometries, to be sure that
we have obtained cold fusion which we can initiate on demand.  We were also
able to rejuvenate used cells (cells showing fatigue and no longer able to
produce energy) by a reverse voltage purge so that they can once more produce
energy.
 
          We used alpha and gamma rays as incident stimulation bosons. Our
experimental results indicates that we have an electrolysis input of less than
750 microwatt with new deuterium oxide and 15 milliwatts with six months
old deuterium oxide; with an output of approximately 0.33 to 0.50 watts
(calculated from considering only between 2 to 8 degrees centigrade increase
in 10 grams of deuterium oxide and without even considerating that the
surrounding equipments' temperature are also increasing from 2 to 8 degrees
centigrade).  This gives a power increase of at least two to four orders of
magnitude.
 
          Rejuvination runs were performed for periods of between 10 to 30
seconds for different geometries at 600 microamp (old deuterium oxide) and 15
VDC or 9 milliwatts.  Since rejuvination power is several orders of magnitude
smaller than the above output, this implies that the rejuvination is not a
'charging' process and that the above temperature increases are not due to
only reversable chemical processes.
 
          Control cell using Pt and Pd in distilled water were stimulated with
alpha and gamma, and experimented upon as above with no resulting temperature
increase.  This further implies that the temperature increase in the
successful experiments are not due to chemical processes.
 
          From successfully obtaining cold fusion on demand, we have an
experimental proof of Ying's general theory of 'using incident stimulation
bosons to grab decay channels out of probability space into normal space, and
thus enhancing probability'.
 
References:
 
1. Paneth, F. and Peter, K.  Nature 118, 526 (1926)
2. Paneth, F.  Nature 119, 706-707  (1927)
3. Franck, F.C.  Nature 160,  525  (1947)
4. Sakharov, A.D.  Report of the P.N. Lebedev Inst.,  Moscow  (1948)
5. Alvarez, L.W. et al.  Phys. Rev. 105, 1127  (1957)
6. Fleischman, M. and Pons, S.  J. Electroanalyt. Chem. 261, 301-308 (1989)
7. Jones, S.E. et al.  Nature 338,  737-740  (1989).
 
-----END OF TRANSCRIPTION--------------------------------------------------
 
     Along with the paper I received some xerographic reproductions of some
photos from a 6/26/92 TV news item showing a demo of the Ying Cell (Channel 6
in Orlando).  One of these shows a monitor screen readout of temperature, and
atop the grid is the caption "Cell #6 - alpha and gamma in tandem in old
Faraday cage.  Base voltage 2.163....  Range is 5.64......" Caption to the
photo reads: "Run #102.  Cell #6 with Alpha and Gamma source in tandem.  The Y
axis is temperature showing 1/2 degree per box (increment).  Here we have over
12 degrees increase.  The X-axis is time with 275 second per box (almost 5
minutes per box).  Here it shows the temperature increase of over 12 degrees
occuring over an one hour period.  The four lines (curves) are of four
separate thermocouples placed in different locations close to the 'Ying'
cell."  Three of the curves are bunched together in typical "breadloaf"
x-section...almost quarter-circle arcs. Impressive.
 
     Dr. Ying mentions nothing in his 'paper' about using a Faraday cage but
when I spoke with him just before he left on a two-week vacation trip
he cautioned against trying to replicate the work without using a Faraday cage
to enclose the experiment.
 
     If this stuff ever makes it to a popular journal, I hope the editor
captions the story, "Ying and Shults use bosons to put new spin on cold
fusion."
 
     The reference to "old" D2O and "new" D2O is, I infer, the
old-bottle-on-the-shelf problem....who knows if it was properly handled? So
you grab a new sealed bottle, and you call that the "new" stuff.
 
     Most experimenters, it seems to me, would be reluctant to tinker with an
experiment that might not easily be replicaple, but once you've crossed into
magic land and even claim replicability on demand, then there's room to play.
How much more convincing all this would be if they had dribbled in some plain
H2O once they had plateaued their temperature rise.
 
     Dr. Ying mentioned a fourth experimenter who had been given the "secrets"
of the Ying Cell.  I've been watching the weather map for signs of very
turbulent weather in the southwest, but nothing yet.
 
Ed Manning
 
Xref: sparky sci.physics.fusion:1903 alt.sci.physics.new-theories:1950