HDTenEightyP/NetNews huggingface dataset:
From: bz965@cleveland.Freenet.Edu (Richard Hatch)
Newsgroups: sci.bio
Subject: Re: Synthetic Viruses
Date: 9 Oct 1992 02:53:18 GMT
Organization: Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (USA)
NNTP-Posting-Host: hela.ins.cwru.edu


Binkley@boulder.Colorado.edu (Jon Binkley) writes in connection
with hypotheses that HIV-1 might have resulted from unnatural
causes

>The virus showed up in humans as long ago as the late 1950s,
>long before the technology existed for such an engineering feat..

Does anyone know what evidence, beyond an ocassional positive
immunoassay, exists for this idea that HIV-1 was present in 
humans in the 1950s. Has anyone detected HIV-1 by PCR or culture
in frozen or preserved specimens from the 1950s? It is known that
relatively common viruses, specifically HTLV-2, can cross-react
strongly with HIV-1, even in Western blots. Of course, SIVs can
also partially cross-react on Western blots or immunoassays.
Also, recombinant viruses may be produced without advanced
technology by co-culture of viruses in cells. This relatively
simple process was available in the early 1950s. 
HIV-1.
Xref: sparky sci.bio:3540 soc.men:17605 soc.women:17597 comp.ai.philosophy:6395
From: inagaki@aclab1.resrch.anritsu.co.jp (Shintaro Inagaki)
Newsgroups: sci.bio,soc.men,soc.women,comp.ai.philosophy
Subject: Re: missing verbs
Date: 12 Oct 92 00:21:25 GMT
Organization: Research Lab., Anritsu Corp., Atsugi-shi, JAPAN


In article <lbhhjvINNone@news.bbn.com> ingria@bbn.com (Bob Ingria) writes:
    >>
    >>Actually, I think the number of words is peripheral.  The main point
    >>of the original observation is that there is a canonical form for
    >>tranistive, active sentences in every language.  While there is a way
    >>of expressing the victory of the subject over the object in this
    >>canonical form seemingly universally (at least, nobody has pointed out
    >>a language that doesn't have active equivalents of ``win'', ``beat'',
    >>etc.), there seems to be no verb in any language that expresses the
    >>defeat of the subject by the object (NB this formulation; does the
    >>purported generalization extends to nouns/nominalizations, too?) in
    >>the canonical transitive, active form.  In English, the deviations
    >>noted have been two:
    >>
In Japanese, to win and to loose are quite symetrical.

A ga B ni katu.   (A wins B.)
A ga B ni makeru. (A looses to B.)
where ga is a postposition to indicate A is the Subject,
and   ni is a postposition to indicate B is the Indirect Objective.
I mean B is something like Indirect Objective (or Dative);
there is no Objective nor transitive Verb in strict sense in Japanese.

The above two sentences are quite cannonical.
A gets   a potential victory in a competetion to B.
B looses a potential victory in a competetion to A.
Why not?
--
		$@%"%s%j%D!J3t!K8&5f=j!!Bh#38&5fIt(J
			$@0p3@?5B@O:!!(Jinagaki@aclab1.resrch.anritsu.co.jp
-- 
		$@%"%s%j%D!J3t!K8&5f=j!!Bh#38&5fIt(J
			$@0p3@?5B@O:!!(Jinagaki@aclab1.resrch.anritsu.co.jp
Xref: sparky sci.bio:3500 bionet.molbio.evolution:355 talk.origins:12769
From: lip@s1.gov (Loren I. Petrich)
Newsgroups: sci.bio,bionet.molbio.evolution,talk.origins
Subject: What Genomes have been Sequenced?
Date: 9 Oct 92 00:50:50 GMT
Organization: LLNL


	The subject should be self-explanatory. And if sequences are
not available, what about maps of all reading frames?

	I know that some virus genomes have been sequenced in their
entirety, something made easier by viruses' small size.

	I presume that _Escherichia coli_ would be a good candidate
for being the first self-contained organism (that is, not a virus) to
be completely sequenced. Has it been done? And if not, how much of _E.
coli_'s genome has been sequenced or mapped?

	I bring this up because of recent news of the complete
sequencing of a yeast chromosome, #3. This chromosome was found to
have almost no genes previously known, many of the with obscure
functions (deleting one of them had no effect, except when the yeast
cells were put in some hot acetic acid (or something)). The team
stated that the job for the others should be done late in this decade.

	Anything on the favorite lab nematode (_Caenorhabditis
elegans_), or the fruit fly, or even the human genome?
Newsgroups: sci.bio,bionet.molbio.evolution,talk.origins
From: sbradley@scic.intel.com (Seth Bradley)
Subject: Re: What Genomes have been Sequenced?
Organization: Intel SCIC, Beaverton, OR
Date: Fri, 9 Oct 1992 18:18:01 GMT

>>In article <1992Oct9.005050.11581@s1.gov>, lip@s1.gov (Loren I. Petrich) writes:
>>>	Anything on the favorite lab nematode (_Caenorhabditis
>>>elegans_), or the fruit fly, or even the human genome?

Two human chromosomes have been sequenced.  The Y and the smallest of the
remaining ones (can't remember its designation).
-- 
Seth J. Bradley, Senior System Administrator, Intel SCIC
Internet: sbradley@scic.intel.com   UUCP: uunet!scic.intel.com!sbradley
----------------------------------------
"A system admin's life is a sorry one.  The only advantage he has over
Emergency Room doctors is that malpractice suits are rare.  On the other
hand, ER doctors never have to deal with patients installing new versions
of their own innards!"  -Michael O'Brien
Xref: sparky sci.bio:3513 bionet.molbio.evolution:358 talk.origins:12800
From: weemba@sagi.wistar.upenn.edu (Matthew P Wiener)
Newsgroups: sci.bio,bionet.molbio.evolution,talk.origins
Subject: Re: What Genomes have been Sequenced?
Date: 9 Oct 92 15:13:06 GMT
Reply-To: weemba@sagi.wistar.upenn.edu (Matthew P Wiener)
Followup-To: sci.bio
Organization: The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology
In-reply-to: lip@s1.gov (Loren I. Petrich)

In article <1992Oct9.005050.11581@s1.gov>, lip@s1 (Loren I. Petrich) writes:
>	I bring this up because of recent news of the complete
>sequencing of a yeast chromosome, #3.

This was a landmark paper in SCIENCE a few months ago.  For the first
time, biology has achieved "real science" status on par with particle
physics: over a hundred authors on a single paper.
-- 
-Matthew P Wiener (weemba@sagi.wistar.upenn.edu)
Xref: sparky sci.bio:3483 sci.engr.biomed:562 sci.engr.mech:393 sci.energy:4853
From: gary@ke4zv.uucp (Gary Coffman)
Newsgroups: sci.bio,sci.engr.biomed,sci.engr.mech,sci.energy
Subject: Re: COOL HEADS...   HOT HEADS
Date: 7 Oct 92 09:39:24 GMT
Reply-To: gary@ke4zv.UUCP (Gary Coffman)
Organization: Gannett Technologies Group

In article <1ar1k8INNfso@charnel.ecst.csuchico.edu> davidt@ecst.csuchico.edu (David Taylor) writes:
>
>Hello,
>
>I am a mechanical engineer who will be graduating in December.  I am in
>the process of completing my senior project.  This project is to design
>build and test a thermoelectrically cooled motorcycle helmet--a motor
>cycle helmet with air conditioning.  (I am aware this has been done before.)
>
>To build an accurate model of the system, I need to know the rate of heat
>leaving a person's head.  My team has spoken to the nursing and physiology
>teacher.  They were nice, but couldn't help us.  I woudl be greatful if
>someone would beable to provide me with the amount of watts or joules 
>leaving a head.  or suggestions on where to get this information.

Hmmm. You could stick your head in a bucket of water and measure the
temperature rise in the water.

Gary
From: ewartd@emu.insted.unimelb.edu.au
Newsgroups: sci.bio
Subject: Re: Are There Any Venomous Mamals?
Date: 9 Oct 92 14:44:37 GMT

In article <1af51cINN9p9@armory.centerline.com>, mrh@centerline.com (Mike Huben) writes:
> 
> The only mammal known to disable prey with a poisonous bite is the least
> shrew of North America.  While numerous others have mentioned platypus,
> they've overlooked two things: 1) all montremes, including the 2 echidnas,
> have poisonous spurs on the males and 2) these are not for predation, but
> for defense.  Some others have mentioned poisonous fish, but they also
> don't use their poison for predation.
> 
Wait a minute there!  Is this another example of accuracy in US textbooks?  
Last time I was holding a short-beak (Tachyglossus not Zaglossus) it 
certainly didn't exhibit the trait.  Maybe it was a mutant :-)


> There are a vast number of other invertebrates that use poison for predation.
> Cone shell snails have a harpoon-like sting that they use for predation, and
> some species are even dangerous to man.  
                                 (what about to women?)
                                           Many Coelenterates (corals, jellyfish,
> sea anemones, hydras) use poisonous, harpoon-like nematocysts.  Many other
> terrestrial arthropods besides spiders and insects have poisons: centipedes,
> some mites, scorpions.  There are probably alot of others I'm forgetting.
> 
> Mike Huben
-- 
   - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 
| ewartd@emu.insted.unimelb.edu.au  SECS, Inst. of Ed.       _--_|\  |
|                                   University of Melbourne /      \ |
|                                   Priv. Bag 10            \_.--.!/ |
|                                   KEW  VIC  3101 Australia      v  |
   - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
        
Newsgroups: sci.bio
From: taob@generic.uucp (Brian Tao)
Subject: References needed on plant genetics
Organization: Terra*Net Public Access Unix BBS.  (416) 731-{3468,9867}, 237-0308
Date: Thu, 08 Oct 1992 02:46:31 GMT

    I need information on the role that transcription factors play in
gene expression in plants.  The references I have on hand and my own
basic knowledge spans only the genetic processes as it relates to
animals.  What are good journal articles or textbooks I could consult
on this topic?  E-mail responses preferred.  Thanks!
-- 
Brian T. Tao    =*8-) | ::::::::> 90taobri@chasm.scar.utoronto.ca <::::::::
Dept. of Exobiology   | :::::> generic!terranet!taob@zoo.toronto.edu <:::::
University of Toronto | "Though this be madness, yet there is method in't."
Newsgroups: sci.bio,sci.math
From: John Wilkins <john@publications.ccc.monash.edu.au>
Subject: Re: References Wanted: Emergent Behavior/"Swarming Theory"
X-Xxmessage-Id: <A6F9E6D5C4012434@manager.ccc.monash.edu.au>
X-Xxdate: Thu, 8 Oct 92 21:23:33 GMT
Organization: Monash University, Melbourne Australia
X-Useragent: Nuntius v1.1.1d11
Date: Thu, 8 Oct 1992 03:20:56 GMT

In article <1992Oct1.145831.22862@news.cs.indiana.edu> Michael Chui,
mchui@spinner.cs.indiana.edu writes:
>	I'm looking for references to theories/models of emergent behaviors
>of large numbers of organisms, e.g. the phenomenon of an entire school
>of fish, or flock of birds, appearing to turn all at once, etc.

I saw something in the July Scientific American on genetic algorithms
that had a mention of flocking behaviour being modellable quite simply.
Maybe the refs there would help.

John Wilkins
Manager, Publishing & Advertising
Monash University, Melbourne Australia
Internet: john@publications.ccc.monash.edu.au
Tel: (+613) 573 2099

"Nature is profligate in variety but niggardly in innovation"
Charles Darwin, Origin of Species
Xref: sparky sci.bio:3510 bionet.molbio.evolution:356 talk.origins:12795
Newsgroups: sci.bio,bionet.molbio.evolution,talk.origins
Subject: Re: What Genomes have been Sequenced?
From: robison1@husc10.harvard.edu (Keith Robison)
Date: 9 Oct 92 12:51:07 GMT

lip@s1.gov (Loren I. Petrich) writes:


>	The subject should be self-explanatory. And if sequences are
>not available, what about maps of all reading frames?

Funny you should ask -- I just got back from "Genome Mapping and
Sequencing IV".  First, the prehistory.

Currently available complete sequences:
	Plasmids -- oodles
	Bacteriophage -- lots, including M13, T7, and lambda
	Eukaryotic viruses -- polio, vaccinia, HIV 
	Chloroplast -- liverwort, tobacco, rice, beechdrops
	Plant mitochondrial -- liverwort (Chlamydomonas? -- I'm not sure)
	Animal mitochondrial -- lots, including human, mouse, cow,
				sea urchin, several insects, several nematodes.
				(Paramecium?)

I think that covers most of the important ones -- hope I didn't omit 
anybody's favorites


Anyway, current statuses for some major sequencing efforts.

	E.coli -- about 50% complete
	Mycobacterium leprae -- about 1% complete, but most during last year
	Mycoplasma capricolum -- about 1% complete, but most of
				 that done in last 6 months.

If current plans hold, all three bacteria will be done in about 3 years
(I know, that doesn't quite fit the above arithmetic).


	Saccharomyces -- one chromosome done, two more almost done,
			 completion before end of decade.

	C.elegans -- first megabase of contiguous sequence almost done

	Drosophila -- largest reported contiguous sequence is about 80 Kbp

	Mammals -- several 100 Kb segments done in human and mouse,
		   but there's lots left to do.

	Arabidopsis  -- a few cosmid-sized (50Kb) segments done.

Mapping is further along.  Complete maps exist for many bacteria and
C.elegans (and Saccharomyces?).  A map for Schizosaccharomyces is near
completion (I think -- nobody from that community spoke).  Large maps
of human Y (complete) and 21 (long arm) chromosomes were just published.

	So, we have to wait another three years-ish to get the first complete
cellular genome.  And without technological improvements, mammalian
genomes are going to finished in the distant future -- it would take
over 100,000 worker years to do one mammalian genome at current rates.


Keith Robison
Harvard University
Department of Cellular & Developmental Biology
Department of Genetics / HHMI

robison@ribo.harvard.edu
From: jack@dcs.glasgow.ac.uk (Jack Campin)
Newsgroups: sci.bio
Subject: are there any toroidal cells?
Date: 15 Oct 92 14:28:30 GMT
Organization: Glasgow University Computing Science Dept.

Idle question: are any cells topologically toroidal, either throughout
their life or as a phase of significant duration?

If not, why not?




-- 
--  Jack Campin    room G092, Computing Science Department, Glasgow University,
17 Lilybank Gardens, Glasgow G12 8RZ, Scotland   TEL: 041 339 8855 x6854 (work)
INTERNET: jack@dcs.glasgow.ac.uk or via nsfnet-relay.ac.uk    FAX: 041 330 4913
BANG!net: via mcsun and uknet     BITNET: via UKACRL    UUCP: jack@glasgow.uucp
Xref: sparky sci.bio:3537 sci.engr.biomed:568 sci.engr.mech:413 sci.energy:4893
From: gary@ke4zv.uucp (Gary Coffman)
Newsgroups: sci.bio,sci.engr.biomed,sci.engr.mech,sci.energy
Subject: Re: COOL HEADS...   HOT HEADS
Date: 10 Oct 92 16:01:51 GMT
Reply-To: gary@ke4zv.UUCP (Gary Coffman)
Organization: Gannett Technologies Group

In article <1992Oct9.064906.26219@ugle.unit.no> hallvard@immhp1.marina.unit.no (Hallvard Paulsen) writes:
>In article <1992Oct7.093924.20342@ke4zv.uucp>, gary@ke4zv.uucp (Gary Coffman) writes:
>|> Hmmm. You could stick your head in a bucket of water and measure the
>|> temperature rise in the water.
>
>	The question is : For how long. ;-) 

I know, I know, it sounded like a sarcastic joke, and it was partially
meant that way, but this really is a good way to get an approximate
answer to the question. Of course you want to leave your nose sticking
out of the water, wouldn't want to read the whole body heat load and
a lot of the body's heat is rejected through respiration. For a 2 liter
bucket, a one hour imersion should raise the water temperature 2.5%.

Gary
Newsgroups: sci.bio
From: ljones@utkvx2.utk.edu (Jones, Leslie Lamont)
Subject: RE: Are There Any Venomous Mamals?
News-Software: VAX/VMS VNEWS 1.41    
Organization: University of Tennessee Computing Center
Date: Sat, 10 Oct 1992 00:51:00 GMT


     One of my zoology profs just gave our class a lecture on his graduate
research, which included studies of Komodo dragons. They are not venomous, but
their bite is incredibly septic. According to my professor, their hunting
strategy for prey too large to ingest in a mouthful (e.g., cows) is to bite the
prey and follow it until it succumbs.

     Also, the only poisonous lizard in North America is the Gila Monster (aka,
the Mexican Beaded Lizard. It has poison glands, but is unable to inject venom.
Instead, it chews the venom into its victim. 

*********************************************************************************
Leslie Lamont Jones lesliej@utkvx.utk.edu ljones@utkvx.utk.edu
"Oh, ice cream bar! How I love to lick your creamy center!
And your oh so chocalatey cover!"
-Ren and Stimpy. "Space Madness"
*********************************************************************************


Newsgroups: sci.bio
From: cohen@cumuli.vmsmail.ethz.ch (Mark Cohen)
Subject: Re: are there any toroidal cells?
Originator: mark@agnew
Organization: Dept. Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH)
Date: Fri, 16 Oct 1992 08:00:15 GMT

In message <Bw62vK.65E@dcs.glasgow.ac.uk> jack@dcs.glasgow.ac.uk
Jack Campin wrote:
> Idle question: are any cells topologically toroidal, either throughout
> their life or as a phase of significant duration?  If not, why not?

Then  message in <Bw6HAH.641@dcs.glasgow.ac.uk> gqulified this with:

<description of toroidal advantages deleted>

> So, if you're a cell, there are all sorts of advantages to being a
> doughnut, with the only obvious costs being the extra rigidity and
> the extra area of cell membrane; but as far as I know neither
> monocellular nor multicellular organisms have taken up the offer.
> Why is it so difficult?

I have a hole down the middle and so do many multicellular organisms
the question is do you consider the gut as sufficient to classify me
as toroidal or do the various sphincters make me spherical?

Mark Cohen
cohen@cumuli.vmsmail.ethz.ch
From: Ruud Hovius
Newsgroups: sci.bio.technology
Subject: quipazine, where to buy ?
Date: 15 Oct 92 16:40:42 GMT
Reply-To: hovius@icphp1
Followup-To: sci.bio
Organization: EPFL

hello everybody,

I am desperately looking for the compound quipazine.
The companies, that I know of, that made it, do not do so any more.

So, please give me some clues.


		Thanks, Ruud.
From: tjfeue@bb1t.monsanto.com
Newsgroups: sci.bio.technology
Subject: Biotech in Singapore
Date: 15 Oct 92 13:26:01 CST
Organization: Monsanto Company, St. Louis, MO

Anyone have, or know where I can get a list of biotech firms in 
Singapore?  An email address of anyone working at one in Singapore?

Thanks, 
Ted Feuerbach - Scientific Systems Consultant
Disclaimer:  Monsanto didn't say this, I did.
From: gal@humgen.siobc.msk.su ("", Dr. Galina S. Monastyrskaya)
Newsgroups: sci.bio.technology
Subject: From dr. Krykbaev : looking for a res. scientist/postoc position.
Date: 15 Oct 92 17:43:16 GMT
Reply-To: Dan Jacobs <DAN%UMDD.BITNET@cmsa.Berkeley.EDU>
Distribution: inet
Organization: The Internet

----------------------------Original message----------------------------
        Molecular biologist seeks a postdoc / research scienist position.

        o  PhD in 1987 at Shemyakin Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry
           ( Moscow, Russia )

        o  PhD Thesis : Cloning and high-level expression of human gamma-inter-
           feron gene in E. coli cells.

        o  Skilled in recombinant DNA methods : Cloning, sequencing, oligonuc-
           leotide-directed mutagenesis, PCR, Southern and Northern blotting,
           in vitro RNA synthesis, protein immunoblotting ( Western blots ),
           radioimmunoassay.

        o  good command of conversational English.

        For more details and cv please send FAX to : 7-327-2-63-12-07,
                                                     7-327-2-63-66-34.

        please quote the address and phone in the heading :

                                    Rustem Krykbaev,
                                    Karl Marx street 162,
                                    apartment 22, Alma-Ata,
                                    480021, Republic of Kazakhstan.
                                    Phone 63-07-72 ( home ).

       or E-mail to rust@ricc.alma-ata.su
From: novak@vitruvius.ar.utexas.edu (Marcos Novak)
Newsgroups: sci.bio.technology
Subject: ANNOUNCING: New Graduate Program in Architecture+Art+Technology
Date: 9 Oct 92 06:00:03 GMT
Organization: School of Architecture, University of Texas at Austin
X-UserAgent: Nuntius v1.1b3


Xref: sparky sci.bio.technology:273 sci.chem:3856 sci.engr.chem:518
From: grayson@hougen.seas.ucla.edu (David A. Grayson)
Newsgroups: sci.bio.technology,sci.chem,sci.engr.chem
Subject: ACS Satellite TV Seminar on (A)biological Catalysis in Organic Synthesis
Date: 7 Oct 92 14:33:39 GMT
Followup-To: sci.bio.technology
Distribution: ca
Organization: SEASnet, University of California, Los Angeles


I am looking for a site which is willing to take 1 or more
people in to view the November 9, 1992 ACS Satellite Television Seminar,
Biological and Abiological Catalysis in Organic Synthesis.

Contact information for your site coordinator would be greatly appreciated.

FYI: I have attended ACS Satellite TV Seminars. They are very informative
and provide handouts/copies of the slides used in the video presentation.
Telephones can be used for asking questions in between sections of
the presentation. For more information on this seminar see page 80
of the September 28, 1992 issue of C&EN (Chemical and Engineering News).


Thanks in advance

dave
-- 
UCLA, Dept. Chem. Eng., 5805 Boelter Hall, LA, CA 90024
David A. Grayson                  grayson@seas.ucla.edu
From: altenbur@plains.NoDak.edu (Karl Altenburg)
Newsgroups: sci.bio
Subject: Re: References Wanted: Emergent Behavior/"Swarming Theory"
Date: 8 Oct 92 18:13:44 GMT
Article-I.D.: plains.21061
Organization: North Dakota Higher Education Computing Network

The references I have that have the most complete information on Emergent
Behavior and Swarm Intelligence are from Artificial Life Conferences.
Both the Second Artificial Life Conference and the First European Artificial 
Life Conference have many reference to emergent behavior and some to swarm 
intelligence.  Two researchers who have published much on the emergent
behavior and intelligence found in social insects are S. Goss and 
J. Deneubourg.  Several researchers in investigating the emergent behavior
through cellular automata.  Studies of emergent behavior multi-agent
robotics has been done by M. Mataric at MIT and R. Kube at the University
of Alberta, Edmonton.

Some keywords for searches include:

artificial life
cellular automata
collective intelligence
collective behavior
cooperative robotics
swarm intelligence
superorganisms


References (very incomplete):

Proceedings of the Second Artificial Life Conference, C.A. Langton, 
	C. Taylor, J.D. Farmer, and S Rasmussen eds., Addison-Wesley, 1990.

Proceedings of the First European Conference n Artificial life, F. Varela and
	P. Bourgine, eds., 1992.

Proceedings of the First International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive
	Behavior, J. Meyer and S. Wilson, eds., MIT Press, 1991.

Proceedings, IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation,1992.

"Army Ants: A Collective Intelligence", Nigel R. Franks, American Scientist,
	Vol. 77, Nov-Dec 1989, p139-145.

"Intelligence as an emergent behavior; or, the songs of Eden." W. Daniel 
	Hillis, Daedalus Winter 1988, v117, n1, p175(15)


I hope this helps.
-- 
Karl R Altenburg				altenbur@plains.NoDak.edu
North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND  58105

All things are artificial, for nature is the art of God.  SIR THOMAS BROWNE