HDTenEightyP/NetNews huggingface dataset:
From: rabbits@carson.u.washington.edu
Newsgroups: sci.aquaria
Subject: Re: Frogs
Date: 11 Dec 92 21:53:16 GMT
Article-I.D.: u.1992Dec11.215316.1215
Organization: University of Washington, Seattle

Xenopus, for starters, are illegal in most every state in the Union,
unless you are doing research on them.  The problem is that they are
extremely hardy, and can survive in almost any condition, except Alaska
and a few of the north-central states.  The penalty for owning them is
(min) 6 mos in jail, and a $5000 fine.  Pretty bad for a slimy, stupid
frog.  However, I've worked with them for six years now in research, and
they are an exceptionally easy animal to keep and breed, if you have
either a strict light cycle (they respond hormonally to increased light
cycles) or access to gonadatrophic hormones.  They will eat anything- I
have seen them eat fish, siblings, their children, and occasionally their
own legs, not to mention syrofoam, fingers, gravel, paper, and the like. 
The recommended diet, however, is purina frog chow (trout chow works,
too).  Males are smaller than females, they will grow according to the
size of their tank (up to 3kg for females in a 500 gallon tank) and
density, and are extremely hardy to infection (but if they get one, they
are almost always good as dead).  You only have to worry about parasites-
i.e. worms, flukes, and the like).  Do be careful of the slime coat,
though- their slime is really nasty; it contains a strong neurodepressant
(yes, it -will- affect humans) that is toxic to many animals, a long list
of antigen/histamine inducing agents (want to see your hand swell up like
a baloon?) and long-chain polymerized mucopolysaccrides that make super
glue seem like spit.  This is their primary defense mechanism- they are a
design that evolved 40+ million years ago and hasn't changed since.  I
guess it's reasonably successful.  One other problem- the babies have a
real hard time surviving the first six months- they have a survival rate
of about 5%, under optimal conditions.  One of the reasons is that they
don't know how to eat after metamorphosis, so they often starve to death. 
They have a lot of genetic problems, which is why they lay so many eggs at
a time (2-500).  Incidently, they are expensive to purchase.  At a
discount, going price runs about $25 per animal.  If you need any more
info- please e-mail to rabbits@carson.u.washington.edu

Good luck-
	Rabbits.
From: booth@hplvec.LVLD.HP.COM (George Booth)
Date: Wed, 16 Dec 1992 21:39:41 GMT
Subject: Public Aquarium Contacts Desired
Organization: Hewlett-Packard Co., Loveland, CO
Newsgroups: sci.aquaria

I am interested in corresponding with anyone associated with 
any of the public aquariums worldwide.  

I am involved with the Colorado Aquarium, Inc., a primarily 
freshwater aquarium with a proposed size of 1 million gallons
(3,875,000 liters).  We will be featuring freshwater fish of 
North America along with freshwater ecosystems of South America,
Africa, S.E. Asia and Australia/New Guinea.  A small exhibit of
100,000 gallons will highlight saltwater species.

I am chairman of the Filtration Committee and also serve on the 
Plant committee and S.E. Asia committee.  I am interested in 
discovering best practices in these areas.  Any and all references
to public aquarium journals would be appreciated. 

Please e-mail me at booth@hplvec.lvld.hp.com

Thank you for your consideration.

George Booth                   
booth@hplvec.lvld.hp.com         
Software Development Engineer   
Manufacturing Test Division    
Hewlett-Packard Company       
Loveland, Colorado
Newsgroups: sci.aquaria
Subject: erythromycin
From: jander@husc8.harvard.edu (Georg Jander)
Date: 18 Dec 92 11:48:19 EST
Followup-To: my blue-green algae are dead 
Distribution: world
Organization: Harvard University Science Center
Keywords: erythromycin, blue-green algae, cyanobacteria  

There have been several postings lately on the use of erythromycin
(Maracyn) against blue-green algae in aquariums.  I'd like to 
reply to some of the unanswered questions that came up in these
postings.

The drug:  Erythromycin is a macrolide antibiotic that was originally
isolated from the bacterium Streptomyces erythreus.  Most of what is 
sold today are chemical derivatives of erythromycin that were modified 
to make it more stable.  I don't know what is in Maracyn.

Method of action:  Erythromycin binds to the bacterial ribosomes and 
prevents elongation of the peptide chain; i.e. it keeps the bacteria
from making proteins and eventually kills them.  

Spectrum:  Clinically, erythromycin is used against a variety of bacteria,
both gram-positives and gram-negatives.  Blue-green algae (cyanobacteria),
while being eubacteria like the gram-positives and gram-negatives, are
generally not put into either of these two groups.  Evolutionarily, 
they diverged from the gram-positives and gram-negatives fairly early on.
As various postings have shown, however, they are sensitive to erythromycin.
I don't know whether the bacteria in your filter would be erythromycin-
sensitive; some are and some are not.  Fungi, fish, and other higher
organisms are generally not affected directly by erythromycin.  It
is considered to be one of the "safest" antibiotics.  ..

Resistance:  Bacteria become resistant due to ribosomal mutations.  Changes
in both ribosomal proteins and in ribosomal RNA are possible.  These changes
cause the ribosomes to have reduced affinity for the drug.  Resistance 
to erythromycin, unlike resistance to some other antibiotics, tends to not 
persist in bacterial populations.  Those bacteria with ribosomal mutations
are at a competitive disadvantage in the absence of erythromycin and die off
in a few weeks.

Your friendly microbiologist, Georg.

From: booth@hplvec.LVLD.HP.COM (George Booth)
Date: Fri, 11 Dec 1992 19:57:15 GMT
Subject: Re: newsgroups
Organization: Hewlett-Packard Co., Loveland, CO
Newsgroups: sci.aquaria

In sci.aquaria, pprior@magnus.acs.ohio-state.edu (Paul A Prior) writes:

    Interesting assertion, George.  I knew when I posted that little piece
    that it wasn't technically correct, but I was tired and just trying 
    to answer a simple question with a simple answer! <G>.  However, 
    now that you've made this statement, given your well known bias for
    the "super" show tank <G>, care to cite some references?  I'm not 
    saying you are incorrect, but I'd like to read this for my own.
    I've used the cheap (<$10) electronic ballast lights for years without
    problems.

When we set up the Almost Optimum Aquarium in August 1990, I found some
lightweight, inexpensive, electronic, energy saving shoplights for about
$16 each.  They seemed perfect for aquarium use (light and cool running),
so we also installed aome in our 85 gal Rainbow tank.  We were having 
trouble getting two Tritons to work together in these fixtures, so I called
Aquarium Products to find out why.  Of course, I did NOT find out why, 
but the person I talked to said "Never, ever use electronic ballasts 
with Triton bulbs".  No explanation, just don't.  Period.  Very helpful :-)

We ignored the advice and have had very bad luck with Triton bulbs in these
fixtures.  They would last for 6-9 months, then poop out.  That's less than
2700 hours.  That's not very long.  Penn-Plax Ultra TriLux also seem to
have problems with these fixtures. 

A recent issue of Consumer Reports (December, I believe) tested fluorescent
bulbs that are designed to replace incandescent bulbs.  Some had electronic
ballasts, some had conventional ballasts.  A high percentage of the bulbs
with electronic ballasts expired prematurely.  CR recommended against the
bulbs with electronic ballasts. 

When measuring the light intensity of various bulbs recently, I noted a
definite reduction in intensity with the same bulb used in an electronic
fixture (same cheap fixture) versus a conventional ballast.  We like to 
get all the lumens we can out of our bulbs. 

Again, I don't have any experience with the higher cost and presumably
higher quality electronic ballasts, just with this one brand.  It might
just be a shitty fixture and I had the bad luck to run into it. 

-------
George
Newsgroups: sci.aquaria
From: tmark@cognet.ucla.edu (Terence Mark)
Subject: Re: [F] BLACK PIRHANAS
Organization: UCLA Cognitive Science Research Program
Date: Sat, 12 Dec 1992 00:17:00 GMT

In article <BywtKJ.Cwz@wrs.com> miked@wrs.com (Mike Deliman) writes:
>Question: I'd read that the red pirhana, Seraselmous Naterri (spelling?), was
>the big meanie in the pond (read: most agressive). Was this bogus info? It
>was in a book titled "Pirhana" (don't remeber the author).
>
>Observation: One of my friends up in Canada has a few Red P's. MEAN little
>buggers, about 6" long for the biggest. They are not shy. If you dump in 6
>large feeders, it only takes minutes, and all that's left is the rain of
>scales. He has 3 in a 75 gallon tank. They don't school much, but instead
>stay within each-other's sight, at a distance. (I don't blame them!)
>
>Reccomendation: don't put your hand IN the tank. These little guys will
>strike at the glass if you just wave your hand by the tank. My friend has a
>nice Far Side on it - a picture of a pet store, with a pirhana in the
>forground. If you look carefuly in the background you notice a kitty-kitty
>with 2 (front) wooden legs..... :-) !

I kept a pair of red breasted piranha (the same as red piranha ?) once.
They were each about 5" long when one killed the other. They were kept in
a 30 gal tank, so I would suggest anyone considering keeping piranha 
keep this in mind: give them a lot of space.

The survivor eventually grew to about 8" long after about 4 years. 
However, while he could be very agressive with feeders, he was actually
a very, very timid fish. While he would 'strike' at the glass
if you waved your hand at the tank, it was because he was scared to death:
he would also 'strike' at the gravel, etc. When the undergravel
lift tubes got dislodged, I thought nothing of reaching in with my
hand to replace them. I think there is next to no danger of a piranha
in a tank attacking you, based on my experience. I think your
friend has given you a snow job.

These fish were so timid that I got sick of pussy footing around the
room for fear of scaring them.

Xref: sparky sci.aquaria:1768 rec.aquaria:9438
From: mcovingt@aisun3.ai.uga.edu (Michael Covington)
Subject: Re: Christmas linguistics
Summary: Gloria in excelsis Deo!
Organization: AI Programs, University of Georgia, Athens
Date: Fri, 18 Dec 1992 20:32:37 GMT

> Gloria in excelsis...
            ^^^^^^^^

As pronounced by the ancient Romans:  ex-kel-sis

As pronounced in Italy for the last few centuries,
and widely throughout the Catholic Church and in
religious music:    ex-chel-sis     (pronouncing ch here as in English)

As pronounced in Northern Europe in the Middle Ages and
to some extent even today:   ex-(t)sel-sis

There you have it.  Latin has been pronounced many different
ways throughout its long history.

-- 
:-  Michael A. Covington     internet mcovingt@uga.cc.uga.edu :   Verbum caro
:-  Artificial Intelligence Programs       phone 706 542-0358 :    factum est
:-  The University of Georgia                fax 706 542-0349 :  et habitavit
:-  Athens, Georgia 30602-7415 U.S.A.     amateur radio N4TMI :   in nobis...
From: aeb@cwi.nl (Andries Brouwer)
Newsgroups: sci.lang
Subject: Re: accents in Hungarian
Date: 15 Dec 92 08:21:15 GMT

maricasa@dgp.utoronto.edu (Maria Casas) writes:

:Can anybody tell me what the accents are on the name Laszlo
:in Hungarian?
L'aszl'o.
From: connolly@memstvx1.memst.edu
Newsgroups: sci.lang
Subject: Re: postpositive articles in English
Date: 14 Dec 92 08:51:13 -0600
Organization: Memphis State University

In article <1992Dec11.205151.19683@leland.Stanford.EDU>, alderson@elaine46.Stanford.EDU (Rich Alderson) writes:
> In article <1992Dec9.152119.4487@memstvx1.memst.edu>, connolly@memstvx1 writes:
> 
> <deleted long cited material to which his post was a reply in a series>
> 
>>True enough, per se -- but some funny English comes out of bad translations
>>in other instances too.  The trouble is, there *is* no obvious morphosyntac-
>>tic structure that I can find, so I'm blaming the translator.
> 
> <deleted material questioning the status of colour words as abstract nouns>
> 
>>At times they are.  More often they're adjectives.  And many times, in many
>>languages, they have become names.  I don't see any evidence that _White_
>>in _Snow White_ is an abstract noun...
> 
> I think we're confusing orthographic representation of the name with its
> structure:  The *name* is the entire string "Snow White."  I want to claim that
> this name is made up of a noun "white" and a delimiting denominative adjective
> (or alternatively, an endingless genitive) "snow," rather than the analysis
> that was originally offered of a noun "snow" followed by an adjective "white."

Since English does not otherwise have endingless genitives (unless one
chooses to analyze forms such as _Jesus'_ and _boys'_ as such, but coalescence
seems preferable), why consider the possibility here?  And besides, since
when do English genitives *follow* their head noun?

> I am not of a mind to believe that names which are homophonous with colour
> words, or other abstract nouns, are somehow not those abstracts.  But then, I
> was never one much for philosophy-of-language.

I'm not either.  That's why I try to decide such arguments on the basis of
syntactic behavior.  *Nothing* about the structure or behavior of _Snow_
_White_ suggests that _White_ is, in any significant sense, an abstract
noun or a syntactic adjective.  If you can think of any morphological or
syntactic arguments beyond the fact that _white_ is *elsewhere* a noun
or adjective, please post them.

--Leo Connolly
Newsgroups: sci.lang
Subject: Need help with Urdu, too
From: oneil@husc10.harvard.edu (John O'Neil)
Date: 19 Dec 92 16:33:22
Organization: Harvard Arts and Sciences Computer Services, Cambridge, MA
In-reply-to: tariqh@dcs.qmw.ac.uk's message of 19 Dec 92 17:21:33 GMT

In article <1992Dec19.172133.18284@dcs.qmw.ac.uk> tariqh@dcs.qmw.ac.uk (Tariq Hamid) writes:

   This difference is due to the nationalistic
   tendencies of the rulers of India and Pakistan. After independence, from the
   British in 1947, the Indians decided to write the language known as
   "Hindustani" in the Devanagri script, the ancient script in which Sanskrit 
   is written.

Please correct me if I'm wrong, but I thought that Hindi had been a
written language -- written in Devanagari -- since the 12th century.

Hindi and Urdu are closely related, I know, the first being influenced
by Sanskrit and the latter by Farsi and Arabic.  Hindustani is
supposed to be a language which is neutral between them, but its
linguistic status (rather than its political status) is unclear to me.
--
John O'Neil
"Occasionally I believed I had thoughts of my own --  who does not now
 and then become the victim of such delusions?"
						-- Paul Feyerabend
From: connolly@memstvx1.memst.edu
Newsgroups: sci.lang
Subject: Re: myself
Date: 16 Dec 92 00:07:33 -0600
Distribution: sci
Organization: Memphis State University

In article <kh-rv7a@lynx.unm.edu>, lgorbet@carina.unm.edu (Larry P Gorbet ANTHROPOLOGY) writes:
> In article <29384@castle.ed.ac.uk> cam@castle.ed.ac.uk (Chris Malcolm) writes:
>>Oddly enough, very few people have problems with "he" and "him", quite a
>>few have problems with "me" and "I", and most people have problems with
>>"who" and "whom", yet the rules in each case are identical.
> 
> This is true only if by "rules" you mean "'objective' descriptions of
> distribution"---and then only if you ignore speaker-internal variation and
> if you are in certain varieties of English which are not spoken often by
> most English speakers.  If, on the other hand, "rule" refers to the
> principle in the speaker's head which characterizes their language, then
> the troubles to which this thread has been devoted are prima facie evidence
> that the rules are *not* the same.

Plenty of people have trouble with _he_ and _him_.  In the varieties of
English that I'm familiar with, great difficulties arise whenever a pronoun
with contrasting nominative and accusative forms is cojoined to another
NP (or pronoun) with _and_.  For many speakers, nominative forms are
barred from such phrases, _he_ as surely as _I_.

And then there's the myth that English possesses a predicate *nominative*.
For many speakers it's consistently a predicate *accusative*: it's me,
it's him, etc.

_Who_ and _whom_ follow a different pattern: they *cannot* be cojoined
to anything except _what?_ and _which_, and then only rarely.  So the
forced accusative seen in _Me and him don't like her_ is not paralelled
by a *Whom and him did that? (= Who(m) did he do that with?)

Well, enough diatribe.  _Myself_ is an attempt to avoid deciding between
_me_ and _I_.  See my next post for a new thing to fight about.
                                                               
--Leo Connolly
Newsgroups: sci.lang
From: lgorbet@carina.unm.edu (Larry P Gorbet ANTHROPOLOGY)
Subject: Re: myself
Date: Thu, 17 Dec 92 16:00:17 GMT
Organization: University of New Mexico, Albuquerque
Distribution: sci

In article <glen.724519722@cs.wisc.edu> glen@slate.cs.wisc.edu (Glen Ecklund) writes:
>connolly@memstvx1.memst.edu writes:
>
>>_Who_ and _whom_ follow a different pattern: they *cannot* be cojoined
>>to anything except _what?_ and _which_, and then only rarely.  So the
>>forced accusative seen in _Me and him don't like her_ is not paralelled
>>by a *Whom and him did that? (= Who(m) did he do that with?)
>
>I disagree.  "He and WHO did that?" sounds correct to me, and I would say it.
>Likewise, "You saw her and WHOM?", although I'm not very good about using
>"whom" when appropriate.

See my previous post.  The last-cited two questions are "echo questions".  
These are appropriate in response to a previous utterance some part of
which was unclear (or perhaps hard to believe).  For example, "He and WHO
did that?" might be said after hearing somewhat unclearly "He and R#%ty 
built the amplifier."  The syntax of echo questions is quite different from
that of "true questions", where no such preceding utterance is being
responded to.


Newsgroups: sci.lang
From: sommar@enea.se (Erland Sommarskog)
Subject: Mang-nam?
Organization: Enea Data AB
Date: Sat, 19 Dec 1992 20:28:07 GMT

JAREA@UKCC.UKY.EDU writes:
>>Other differences occur in words such as 'magnam' - is it mag-nam with a
>>hard 'g' or is it 'manyam'?
>
>The classical pronunciation was 'mang-nam'

Now wait here, this is interesting. What exactly do you mean
with "ng"? Velar nasal only, or nasal + "g"?

The reason I ask, that there is a similarity with Swedish here. 
In Swedish the "g" -gn- and -gn is prononced as a velar nasal,
thus similar to Latin.

Or was "mang-nam" just a typo for "mag-nam"?

-- 
Erland Sommarskog - ENEA Data, Stockholm - sommar@enea.se
From: aeb@wsinfo01.win.tue.nl (Andries E. Brouwer)
Newsgroups: sci.lang
Subject: Re: Surprising cognates
Date: 13 Dec 92 21:08:31 GMT
Reply-To: aeb@win.tue.nl

::Rich Alderson writes:
::: Word: week
:::         _
::: week \'wek\ n [ME weke, fr. OE wicu, wucu; akin to OHG wehha week,
:::                                  _
::: L vicis change, alternation, OE wir wire -- more at WIRE]

::: I'm not overly impressed with the posited relationship among week, weak
::: and wire, but until I can get to an OED or something else turstworthy,
::: I can't argue more than "I don't like a Latin /k/ matching up with an
::: OE /k/."

:A.E. Brouwer writes:
::Yes, unless the OE word was borrowed. Hence, I am almost sure
::that the idea of a week, the names of the days and the word for week
::are loans (loan translations in the case of the names for the days)
::from Latin.

Rob Malouf writes:
:Yes, the idea of a week was borrowed from the Romans, but not the word.  The  
:OED gives the Old Teutonic form *wikon-, meaning `succession, series', as the
:source of the word week (and its cousins in the other Germanic languages).  

But since Latin has the same word ("vicis", etc.) with the same meaning,
and OHG has "wehsal" (change; modern German "Wechsel") with the expected
/h/ from the same IE root *veik-, it is most likely that your Old Teutonic
word is derived from Latin.
From: jim@cogsci.ed.ac.uk (Jim  Scobbie)
Newsgroups: sci.lang
Subject: Re: myself
Date: 14 Dec 92 13:29:47 GMT
Distribution: sci
Organization: Centre for Cognitive Science, Edinburgh, UK

>>>>|> "myself" is increasingly used instead of "I" or "me". why? when? where?

I think the self forms have taken on a role as formality markers. 

At the very least, people get confused about the 'proper' use of personl
pronouns more easily in formal situations. Anyway, "-self" has usages
other than simple reflexive. Yourselves ought to know that.* I worked that
out myself. It's easy to say the rules for the cases are easy. Check the
latest journal for the current cack-handed attempt to state them.


Jim

*ok that's probably a restricted topicalisation in that sentence.
Newsgroups: sci.lang.japan
From: pjyamamo@watdragon.uwaterloo.ca (Peter Yamamoto)
Subject: Mario Paint...
Organization: University of Waterloo Software Liberation Army
Date: Fri, 11 Dec 1992 19:59:24 GMT
X-Mailer: ELM [version 2.3 PL11]

Hi!

Just a pointer for those with kids or those young at heart!

Mario Paint for Super Nintendo includes Hiragana, Katakana, and
a small selection of Kanji in the text menu.
The character menu has the Japanese character with a romaji reading
written underneath.

At $55 (Canadian) I think this is a pretty good deal for introducing
Japanese characters to young ones. [Even considering the cost of the
unit $144 (Canadian) I think it is better than I could get for my PC
(an old XT/CGA and an upgrade would cost more than the Super stuff).

Note: there is no learing game/mode for Japanese.  There are just
Japanese characters which may be included in a drawing or simple
animation.

For those who don't know...

Mario paint is basicly a "simple" to use paint program
which comes with a mouse and attaches to you Super Nintendo unit.

Peter

For those who flame...

No I am not advocating video games as a "good" way to teach/etc a language.
My 3.5 year old is already on his way with hiragana from using workbooks.
The point is that this adds a bright new dimension to use of Japanese which
is hard to find in activities/products outside of Japan.
Newsgroups: sci.lang.japan
From: tony2@prefect.cc.bellcore.com (gozdz,antoni s)
Subject: JWP release 1.01
Organization: Bellcore, Livingston, NJ
Date: Sat, 12 Dec 92 22:13:59 GMT

Hi, Netters,

Although my Japanese is limited to a few words and
maybe 50 kanji, I downloaded jwp 1.01 just for fun and
our Nihonjin visitors' enjoyment.
Two very simple questions:
- How many kanji characters are there in jwp 1.01?
- why many more complex ones have no English translation?

Arigato gozaimasu

Tony
Newsgroups: sci.lang.japan