HDTenEightyP/NetNews huggingface dataset:
From: tolman%asylum.cs.utah.edu@cs.utah.edu (Kenneth Tolman)
Subject: Thermodynamics question....
Date: 1 Oct 92 22:41:35 MDT
Organization: University of Utah, CompSci Dept

Hello, I am attempting to understand the thermodynamics for this
simple system, if you could tell me the relative entropies of the following
states it would be very helpful.

There are two spheres in the following area divided into "macrostates" and
"microstates":

-------------
|     |     |
|     |     |
|     |     |
-------------
|     |o    |
|     |     |
|     |   o |
-------------

The bottom right corner is a special state, the others are not interesting.
The probability of it being in this state is 1/16... what is its entropy?


Now consider the system at some time later:

-------------
|     |  o  |
|     |     |
|     |     |
-------------
|     |o    |
|     |     |
|     |     |
-------------

What is the entropy of this, and why?  


Thanks for any help, responses would be very helpful!  Thanks.
Newsgroups: sci.misc
From: mlesch@syslab.csd.uwo.ca (Mike Esch)
Subject: Wanted: SCADA info.
Organization: Department of Computer Science, University of Western Ontario, London
Date: Mon, 5 Oct 1992 14:44:39 GMT

Apologies in advance if this is not the right group...


I am trying to locate information on a communications protocol
named SCADA.  The exact wording of the fax is "...requirements
of the C2068 SCADA communications protocol...".

I am posting to this group because I believe it to be a protocol
used by chemical companies for data exchange from the field to
the host computer.

Any information would be greatly appreciated; ftp sites with
the protocol definition would be ideal (I failed to find it
on any of the RFC sites).

Mike
From: ap1i+@andrew.cmu.edu (Andrew C. Plotkin)
Newsgroups: sci.chem
Subject: Definition of "CFC"?
Date: 6 Oct 92 10:51:46 GMT
Article-I.D.: andrew.geoS12600gpII0zX86
Organization: School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon, Pittsburgh, PA

Ok, here's one that's puzzled me. I am currently staring at a spray can
labelled "Aero-Duster"; it sprays gas out of a long tube. (You use it to
blow dust out of hard-to-reach places in computers.) 

On the front, in big letters, it says "CONTAINS NO CFC 
CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS". This seems clear, if redundant; the company
(Miller-Stephenson, if anyone cares) desires to be ozone-friendly and is
advertising that fact.

Then, on the back panel, in small print, it says "Contents:
Chlorodifluoromethane." So what the heck? Is that not a
chlorofluorocarbon? Even if it's technically not, does it not have the
same potential to diffuse into the upper atmosphere and get broken down
into free chlorine and fluorine?

--Z

"And Aholibamah bare Jeush, and Jaalam, and Korah: these were the borogoves..."
From: neal@cmptrc.lonestar.org (Neal Howard)
Newsgroups: sci.chem
Subject: Re: Smoke bomb
Date: 30 Sep 92 00:16:08 GMT
Organization: CompuTrac Inc., Richardson TX

In article <1992Sep29.164843.28788@alf.uib.no> ttt@cmr.no (Tore Tjomsland) writes:
>I want to make a small smoke bomb for outdoor
>use. Could anyone help me, please ?
>
>Tore Tjomsland
>ttt@cmr.no
Try reading/posting to "rec.pyrotechnics". I'm sure the fireworks guys
who hang out there can help you. 

sorry for posting this, email bounced.          

<--------------------------------------------------------------------->
< Neal Howard                         | '91 Harley Sportster XLH-1200 >
< email: neal@cmptrc.lonestar.org     | DoD # 686                     >
< CompuTrac, Inc. (Richardson, TX)    | '69 Cougar XR7-GT390          >
<--------------------------------------------------------------------->
Xref: sparky sci.chem:3787 sci.materials:740
From: borra@astro.phy.ulaval.ca (Ermanno Borra)
Newsgroups: sci.chem,sci.materials
Subject: Question: How to remove oxide from gallium?
Date: 1 Oct 92 20:03:02 GMT
Organization: Universite Laval, Ste-Foy, Quebec (Canada)
Originator: borra@astro


	I wonder whether somebody can suggest solutions to my 
problem. I pour either liquid gallium or a Ga-In eutectic in a container, 
and find that the surface (several feet across) is covered with a thick 
layer of oxide scum.  The problem occurs during stirring, that occurs 
just when I pour Ga After pouring, I do not stir the liquid again.
 I would like to get rid of the opaque oxide scum and get a shiny 
optical quality surface. Although it is in principle possible to work in 
an inert atmosphere and avoid the oxide, it is difficult to do so in 
practice, because of our setup. I know that, in an oxygen atmosphere, 
an oxide layer forms instantly but this is OK since the oxide layer that 
forms on an undisturbed surface is very thin and protects the Ga  
below from oxidation (like it does with Al). My real problem occurs at 
the moment of pouring since the liquid is stirred and we get too much 
thick messy oxide. Ideally, I would like to remove the oxide with 
chemical means, get a clean Ga surface that can be oxidized with the 
very thin layer of oxide that naturally forms on an undisturbed 
surface. 
I have tried to expose the oxide to HCl vapors. The surface becomes 
more reflective but its quality is not good enough for my application 
(using it as a an optical mirror).
	
If you have a suggestion, please email at borra@phy.ulaval.ca

				  Thanks,
E.F. Borra
Newsgroups: sci.chem
From: ornitz@kodak.kodak.com (Barry Ornitz)
Subject: Re: Infrared Signal Decomposition and Deconvolution
Followup-To: sci.chem
Summary: references
Keywords: deconvolution, spectroscopy
Cc: levoir@jupiter.itodys.jussieu.fr,ornitz@kodak.com
Organization: Eastman Chemical Company
Date: Tue, 6 Oct 92 15:07:14 GMT

In article <1992Oct5.094310.1@sc2a.unige.ch> feuille@sc2a.unige.ch writes:
>    I am looking for a software that woud decompose or deconvolution a
>spectral signal made up by a sum of Gaussien and/or Lorentzien functions.

I can suggest the following two books:

	Blass, William E. and George W. Halsey, "Deconvolution of Absorption
	Spectra", Academic Press div. Harcoart Brace Jovanovich, New York,
	1981, ISBN 0-12-104659-8.

	Jansson, Peter A., "Deconvolution: with Applications in Spectroscopy",
	Academic Press, Orlando, 1984, ISBN 0-12-380220-2.

Another publication you might find interesting is the dissertation of Paul
Crilly which can be obtained from University Microfilms International.

	Crill Paul B., "Numerical Deconvolution of Overlapped Gas Chromato-
	graphic Peaks Using Jansson's Method", PhD Dissertation, New Mexico
	University, 1987.

I hope this gives you some useful information.
				Barry
 -----------------
|  ___  ________  |       Dr. Barry L. Ornitz          WA4VZQ
| |  / /        | |       Eastman Kodak Company
| | / /         | |       Eastman Chemical Company Research Laboratories
| |< < K O D A K| |       Process Instrumentation Research Laboratory
| | \ \         | |       P. O. Box 1972, Building 167B
| |__\ \________| |       Kingsport, TN  37662       615/229-4904
|                 |       INTERNET:   ornitz@kodak.com
 -----------------
From: hendric@sam.ksu.ksu.edu (Richard Hendricks)
Newsgroups: sci.chem
Subject: ammonia and iodine?
Date: 6 Oct 1992 17:50:33 -0500
Organization: Kansas State University
NNTP-Posting-Host: sam.ksu.ksu.edu
Summary: ammonia and iodine: explosive?
Keywords: NH3 and I2?

I recently was told by someone that mixing ammonia and iodine creates some
sort of explosive ppt.  Is this true, and could someone send me a description
of the reaction?

-Richard Hendricks
hendric@matt.ksu.ksu.edu
.sigs are .silly
Newsgroups: sci.chem
From: bbesler@ouchem.chem.oakland.edu (Brent H. Besler)
Subject: Re: Help! Hardware Platforms for Gaussian 92
Organization: Oakland University, Rochester MI.
Date: Sun, 4 Oct 1992 20:50:21 GMT

I would recommend contacting Dr. H. Bernhard Schlegel of Wayne State
University.  We have run Gaussian 92 on Sparcstations and have IBM
RS/6000 Model's 530H, 560 and 320H.  Personally I would recommend an IBM
RS/6000 with at least 64 Mbytes of RAM.  The drawback of ther IBM is the
SCSI interface to the disks.  It is rather slow on data transfer.  The
newer Sparcstations have SCSI-2 interfaces(I believe, but don't hold me
too it.) which would give you twice the data transfer rate.  The best
overall price/performance falls with the IBM RS/6000 Model 350 in my
opinion.  One of our biochemists has recently purchased an RS 4000 SG
Indigo with 64 Mbytes of RAM and the Elan Graphics.  The system priced
out to roughly $40,000.  It is for running Sybyl and AVS.  The graphics
perfomace was much better than an IBM RS6000 Model 530 with the 24 bit
CG board with Z-buffering when we demoed Sybyl at IBM.  We have yet to 
benchmark g92 on it, but I expect it to be about the same performance as

an RS6000 Model 340.  The IBM's are much lower cost if you only want 
a machine for floating point computation.  If you wish to also do
graphics and/or animation I would look at the SG R4000 Indigo.
From: whitbeck@equinox.unr.edu (Michael Whitbeck)
Newsgroups: sci.chem
Subject: Re: Trimethyl Phosphite
Date: 29 Sep 92 00:24:37 GMT
Organization: University of Nevada, Reno

In article <6811@fury.BOEING.COM> krm@sdc.boeing.com (Keith Michaels) writes:
:The Bush administration intercepted a shipment of Trimethyl Phosphite
:bound for a Syrian on 9/21/92.  Does anyone know what the dangers of
:this chemical are?  Is the concern that it will be used in chemical
:warfare, or is it something with a wider application?
:-- 
:/*-------------------------------------------------------------------*
: * Keith R. Michaels       | The Boeing Company                      *
: * krm@sdc.boeing.com      | Seattle, WA.                            *
: * Disclaimers: whomewhaddayameanIneversaidthatitwasn'tmehe'slying!  *
: *-------------------------------------------------------------------*/
It is an important intermediate for insecticides
and chemical warfare agents.
From: mike@mycenae.cchem.Berkeley.EDU (Mike L. Greenfield)
Newsgroups: sci.chem
Subject: Email address: S.R. Elliot, S.L. Chan at Cambridge
Date: 6 Oct 1992 06:10:05 GMT
Organization: University of California, Berkeley
Distribution: world
NNTP-Posting-Host: mycenae.cchem.berkeley.edu

Hi.

I'm trying to contact S.L. Chan or Stephen R. Elliot from the
Physical Chemistry dept. at the University of Cambridge in order
to discuss their work with randomly packed materials.

Does anyone have an electronic mail address for either of the two ?
Any help is very appreciated.

Thanks in advance.

Mike Greenfield

mike@mycenae.cchem.berkeley.edu

UC Berkeley Dept. of Chemical Engineering


Newsgroups: sci.chem
From: rheath@scott.skidmore.edu (rachel heath)
Subject: need nutrition articles
Organization: Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs NY
Date: Tue, 6 Oct 1992 17:11:02 GMT

 i'm taking a course in nutrition and need articles to review.  if
anyone sees any good ones, could you please let me know?   thanks... 

rachel       (rheath@skidmore.edu)
Newsgroups: sci.chem
From: feuille@sc2a.unige.ch
Subject: Trying to post
Organization: University of Geneva, Switzerland
Date: Mon, 5 Oct 1992 07:32:25 GMT

I am just trying ....
From: hoey@zogwarg.etl.army.mil (Dan Hoey)
Newsgroups: sci.chem
Subject: Re: H2SO4 + Chlorox???
Date: 6 Oct 92 21:47:48 GMT
Organization: Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC

khartman@fnalc.fnal.gov writes:

>Dan,

Dan who?  Are you responding to Dan Clute's posting or to to my
posting?  If either, why did you change the subject to H2SO4?  We
weren't discussing that, we were talking about clorox and ammonia
(ammonium hydroxide, NH4OH).

>	When Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4) and Clorox (Sodium Hypochlorite) are
>mixed, Chlorine gas is released.  Chlorine is a greenish-yellow gas that
>is HIGHLY poisonous, so much so that it was used during World War I for
>a poison gas.

Chlorine gas is dangerous in high concentration, or if you can't get
to fresh air.  In the quantities you can release from a few ounces of
Clorox, you will more likely cough and run out of the room.  You may
feel a burning in your mucous membranes for a short time afterwards.
I don't advise you to try it, but it's unlikely to inflict permanent
damage.

>If you read the labels on Chlorine bleach bottles, or kitchen
>cleanser cans, you will see a warning about mixing these products
>with acids or alkalies, (Drano, Ammonia, etc).

Ammonia is very hazardous when mixed with clorox, because it can
produce explosive and extremely poisonous compounds.  Extremely
poisonous as in ``much more dangerous than chlorine.''  Extremely
poisonous as in ``you can go blind or die before you know what is
happening to you.''

Dan Hoey
Hoey@AIC.NRL.Navy.Mil
Newsgroups: sci.chem
From: cfarmer@ncsa.uiuc.edu (Chuck Farmer)
Subject: Re: Teflon on pans
Followup-To: sci.chem
Organization: NCSA
Date: Wed, 30 Sep 1992 21:33:57 GMT

In article <1992Sep30.174945.13033@Princeton.EDU>,
ksthorn@phoenix.Princeton.EDU (Kurt Stephen Thorn) wrote:
> 
> In article <1992Sep29.005433.18155@generic.uucp> taob@generic.uucp (Brian Tao) writes:
> >BTW, how do you stick Teflon to the inside of a pan if it isn't supposed
> to stick to anything?  :)
> 
> I'd like to know this also - I've got an application where I'd very much like
> to Teflon coat a metal cylinder (to insulate it).  It would be used for food
> handling.  If anyone could give some leads on this, I'd be very appreciative.
> 
> Kurt Thorn
> ksthorn@phoenix.princeton.edu

As it was generically explained to me:
You attack one end of the polymer chain with something nasty enough to open
the chain (free radiacalize?) and then get that end to bind to the surface
in question. I think that NaOH was the chain breaker mentioned. I don't the
exact procedure.

Thanks
Chuck
cfarmer@ncsa.uiuc.edu


Only a fool is sure - Moe Howard
From: pronif@lonex.rl.af.mil (Frederick P. Proni)
Newsgroups: sci.chem
Subject: Beeswax Synthesis
Date: 25 Sep 92 12:10:17 GMT
Organization: RL
Originator: pronif@lonexb.rl.af.mil

Does anyone know if beeswax can be synthesized by other means than honey
bee metabolic processes?  I've been told it can not.  

Thanks in advance.

FreddyP
From: rickert@cco.caltech.edu (Keith Warren Rickert)
Newsgroups: sci.chem
Subject: Re: Definition of "CFC"?
Date: 7 Oct 1992 00:16:56 GMT
Organization: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena
NNTP-Posting-Host: punisher.caltech.edu

The 'real' CFC's are totally halogenated.
Chlorodifluoro methane is not, and it is termed a 'HCFC'.
These arent as long lived as CFC's and have less potential
to reach the stratosphere and release chlorine. (or so I am told)
Keith

Newsgroups: sci.chem
From: polowin@chem.queensu.ca (Joel Polowin)
Subject: Re: Why not mix bleach and ammonia?
Organization: Dept. of Chemistry, Queen's University
Date: Tue, 6 Oct 1992 21:42:53 GMT

In article <1194@zogwarg.etl.army.mil> hoey@zogwarg.etl.army.mil (Dan Hoey) writes:
>djclute@cwis.unomaha.edu (Daniel Jonathan Clute) writes:
>
>>	I've always been told that a person should NOT mix ammonia and bleach
>>together; I suppose because chlorine gas is formed.
>
>No, I read you get chloramine, which forms dichloramine (explosive),
>nitrogen trichloride (explosive), and hydrazine (extremely poisonous).
>If you just want to snort some chlorine, this is overkill.

And furthermore...  Bleach has a lot of strong base (sodium hydroxide) in
it.  Any strong base added to an ammonia solution shifts the equilibrium
from "ammonium hydroxide" towards ammonia, and promotes the evolution of
gaseous NH3.  Not good.
From: Jimmy.Tung@dartmouth.edu (Jimmy Tung)
Newsgroups: sci.chem
Subject: Re: Fullerene C60 reduction potential.
Date: 7 Oct 92 02:29:00 GMT
Organization: Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH
X-Posted-From: InterNews1.0a5@newshost.dartmouth.edu

This is probably not the first reference, but take a look at
"Electrochemical Detection of Fulleronium and Highly Reduced Fulleride
(C60)5- Ions in solution", Dubois, D.; Kadish, K.M., Flanagan, S;
Wilson, L.J., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, vol. 113, p. 8519.  A good review
is Chem. Rev. 1991, v. 91, 1213-1235, and gives the gas phase EA.  You
really should look at the papers, since a quick and dirty synopsis of
the technical difficulties and exp'tal techniques would probably not be
all that useful to anybody except me.
From: pk03+@andrew.cmu.edu (Paul Karol)
Newsgroups: sci.chem
Subject: Re: natural and synthetic elem
Date: 1 Oct 92 04:50:43 GMT
Article-I.D.: andrew.oemjEXS00YV9M1KFcw
Organization: Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon, Pittsburgh, PA

"But Tc is the smallest _unstable_ element.."

Actually, the neutron, with Z=0, could be considered the smallest
unstable element.

Paul J. Karol
Nuclear Chemist
Newsgroups: sci.chem
From: ksthorn@phoenix.Princeton.EDU (Kurt Stephen Thorn)
Subject: Re: Teflon on pans
Originator: news@nimaster
Organization: Princeton University
Date: Thu, 1 Oct 1992 23:16:00 GMT

I am interested in using the teflon as an electrical insulator on some 
electrical probes that would be inserted into a fluid for measuring it's
capacitance.  They're part of a capacitive volume measurement system.  Since
these probes would be used for food handling applications, and since teflon
is used both as an electrical insulator, and on pans, it seemed like a good
choice.  (it's both an insulator and food safe)

Kurt Thorn
ksthorn@phoenic.princeton.edu
From: b_duke@darwin.ntu.edu.au (Brian Duke)
Newsgroups: sci.chem
Subject: Re: need a good book on basic chem
Date: 26 Sep 92 09:18:35 +0900

In article <Sep.24.16.20.35.1992.2269@andromeda.rutgers.edu>, cisco@andromeda.rutgers.edu (Donna Cisco) writes:
> Please suggest a good book for a non science major in chemistry.
> 
> thanks for any help in advance
> 
It depends on what background you have in chemistry. Let us presume not
a lot. I teach incoming nurses, Associate Diploma students (a 2 year program
that gives credit roughly for one year of the degree) and provisional entry
degree students who do not have the school leaving prerequisite in chemistry.

I use Steven Zumdahl's book - Basic Chemistry, Introductory Chemistry,
Introductory Chemistry - A Foundation. They are all the same plus or minus 
a few chapters. I C - A F has the most chapters; the others delete some 
chapters. This is best pre-General Chem book I have found, but I would be 
interested to hear the opinions of others.

Note that this book(s) is the not the same as his Chemistry - that is good
too, but is a General Chemistry text. Here I prefer Atkins, or in the 2nd
ed, Atkins and B.. (I forget).
-- 
                  Brian Salter-Duke (Brian Duke)
School of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Northern Territory University
        GPO Box 40146, Casuarina, NT 0811, Australia.
Phone 089-466702   FAX 089-410460    E-mail B_DUKE@DARWIN.NTU.EDU.AU
Newsgroups: sci.chem
From: wade@ucs.ubc.ca (Doug Wade)
Subject: organic chemistry
Organization: University Computing Services, UBC, Canada
Date: Sun, 27 Sep 1992 18:54:02 GMT

Way back in the early 70's I went to 3 national/international science fairs
with organic chemistry projects. Since then I have had nothing to do with
chemistry and only recently pulled down from the attic my piles of texts and such.
Looking through it brought back a bunch of memories. One thing I noticed is that
nomenclature seems to have changed quite a bit. My final project had to
do with polymerization and one of the components used was called
"bis-phenol A". Tried looking that up in recent books but couldn't find it.
What is it known as now?

Another question, does the "Science Service" exist in the US anymore?
They probably produced more books and such which stimulated my early 
interest in science than anybody else.
___________________________________________________________________
Doug Wade (Internet: wade@ucs.ubc.ca  Bitnet: userice@ubcmtsg)                      University Computing Services    
     Room 100G                             
     University of British Columbia         
     Vancouver, B.C.                    
     Canada
     V6T 1Z2
___________________________________________________________________
Contributions to the "Send Doug to Europe Fund" graciously accepted.
From: frost@qut.edu.au
Newsgroups: sci.chem
Subject: Colloids
Date: 2 Oct 92 09:49:00 EST
Organization: Queensland University of Technology

There is a problem in colloid science that puzzles me. Upon
heating a hydrophobic sol (i.e. TiO2 in water) turns into the
gel.  Here we have a solution turning into a solid on heating
isn't this against the second and third laws of thermodynamics?

Ray Frost
QUT
Brisbane
Australia
frost@qut.edu.au

Newsgroups: sci.chem
From: bukh@stack.serpukhov.su (Yuri Bukhtiyarov)
Subject: Re: Beeswax Synthesis
Organization: Institute of Cell Biophysics
X-Newsreader: Tin 1.1 PL5
Date: Thu, 1 Oct 1992 10:22:37 GMT

Frederick P. Proni (pronif@lonex.rl.af.mil) writes:
: Does anyone know if beeswax can be synthesized by other means than honey
: bee metabolic processes?  I've been told it can not.  
: 
: Thanks in advance.
: 
: FreddyP

Since beeswax is a mixture of compounds it's impossible to synthesize it.
Like in the case of milk, butter etc. You can just mix the ingredients
to obtain beeswax-like meterial.
--
Yuri
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
Yuri E.Bukhtiyarov,              ||       
Junior Research Associate, M.Sc. ||  Email bukh@stack.serpukhov.su
Institute of Biochemistry and    ||        bukh@ibpm.serpukhov.su
Physiology of Microorganisms,    ||  Tel.  (095)925-7448
Russian Academy of Sciences      ||  Fax.  (095)923-3602




Newsgroups: sci.chem
From: ttt@cmr.no (Tore Tjomsland)
Subject: Smoke bomb
Organization: University of Bergen, Norway
Date: Tue, 29 Sep 92 16:48:43 GMT

I want to make a small smoke bomb for outdoor
use. Could anyone help me, please ?

Tore Tjomsland
ttt@cmr.no

Newsgroups: sci.chem
From: keni@uhunix.uhcc.Hawaii.Edu (Ken Ikeda)
Subject: Martius Yellow video
Summary: Want to find a copy of Dr. Fieser doing his Martius Yellow exp.  
Organization: University of Hawaii at Manoa
Distribution: usa
Date: Mon, 28 Sep 1992 18:09:47 GMT

Does anyone out there know where I could get a copy of a video of Louis
Fieser demonstrating the martius yellow experiment? One of the Professors
here wants to use it as an instructional guide for the Organic Chem. labs.
He had said such a video once existed, but I called several educational
video companies and they didn't know about it. 

If someone out there has any info on where I might be able to get a copy,
please e-mail me at "keni@uhunix.uhcc.hawaii.edu" or post to the group.

Thanks...
Ken
From: pcp$1280@altair.selu.edu
Newsgroups: sci.chem
Subject: KI recrystallization
Date: 29 Sep 92 12:25:54 GMT
Article-I.D.: altair.1992Sep29.182554.718
Organization: Southeastern Louisiana University

I am doing an experiment involving the quenching of pyrene derivatives.  I
needea pure sample of KI for the quenching studies. We have some KI that is
yellowish and clumped together.  I am looking for a procedure to recrystallize
the KI.  I have heard of a procedure using 9 parts ethanol to 1 part water 
using gravity filtration while hot.  Any comments about this procedure or any
other alternate procudures would be appreciated.  Also, I am looking for the
compound to add to the KI solution to prevent the formation of the I3 - anion.
Please reply direct by e-mail if possible.  Thanks in advance.

*****************************************
*                                     **
*  Gerald F. Bauerle, Jr.       *     *
*  Southeastern Louisiana University  * 
*  PCP$1280@altair.selu.edu           *
*                                     *
***************************************                    
Newsgroups: sci.chem