From: zamie@zamiepcSanDiego.NCR.com (Zamie Mehraz)
Subject: Re: Iranian Calendar (Gah-Nameh)
Reply-To: zamie@zamiepcSanDiego.NCR.com (Zamie Mehraz)
Organization: NCR Engineering and Manufacturing, San Diego, CA
Date: Mon, 25 Jan 1993 23:34:27 GMT


One more try:



- Shah Jamshid (Shah Pishdadi some 9000 years ago) was a man who was in fond of
medicine and astonomy.  He was the first one who developed very
primitive telesc
ope ("Ostor-Laab" in Farsi) and did the calculation and suprisingly with
not tha
t much error.  He divided a year into two season, summer and winter with
365 day
s and beginning base was the first day of summer (Spring for us today),
and that
 is "New-Rouz".

- This calendar was being used until (guess who?) invaded to Persia. 
Yes, indee
d!  Arabs started to push their handicapped calendar which was based on
the rota
tion of moon around earth (Gamari or lunar calendar) to us and succeeded
until 1
079 A.C.

- In 1079, "Sultan Jalal-o-Din Malek-Shah Seljugi" ordered to revise the
calenda
r system.  He asked 8 outstanding astonomers and mathematicians of the
time gath
ered and do the following investigation.  "Omar Khayyam Ney-Shapuri" and
"Abul-M
ozafar Esfrazi" where the leaders of this investigation.  Khayyam's
group came w
ith the conclusion of 365 days and 6 hours, where they decided to
accumulate 4 o
f the last 6 hours every four years and add a day to that year (leap
year or "Sa
l Kabiseh" in Arabic).

-  Interesting to say that according to a brilliant nobleman from
Belguim (Dr. S
artin), asserted with proof that Khayyam's calendar had an error of 1
hour every
 500 years.  This number is 1 hour in 138 years in Georgian calendar. 
Also, the
 reason for the base was also due to the fanatic beliefs of people
toward Islam,
 Malik Shah ordered to base this calendar according to the migrate of
Mohamed fr
om Mecca to Medina.  This way, politically he could convienced people to accept
this calendar with no oppostions from clergy groups.

-  The name Jalali also came after "Jalal-o-Din Malik-Shah"

-  Soon after, the lunar calendar was replaced and for 12 centuries this
calenda
r was being used in Iran until recently.  Reza Shah ordered to pull this
calenda
r out the shelf and start using it in Iran.


Ostaad Ferdowsi Mefarmayand:


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Rooz Hamagi Khoosh
Newsgroups: soc.culture.iranian