HDTenEightyP/NetNews huggingface dataset:
From: S.J.Morden@newcastle.ac.uk (S.J. Morden)
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
Subject: Re: Magnetic reversal?
Keywords: entertaining story
Date: 17 Dec 92 11:11:58 GMT
Organization: University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK NE1 7RU

All this magnetic reversal stuff remainds me of a story told by my 
University tutor, Mark Noel.

He was at a conference on palaeo- and geo-magnetism in Amsterdam, and was
doing touristy things with some friends when they came across an outdoor
pursuits shop. While looking at the rather expensive compasses in the window,
they noticed that the needles on all the compasses suddenly stopped pointing
north, reversed their direction, then moments later, returned to normal 
polarity.

They were so shocked at this, they failed to notice the electric tram pass
behind them.

Simes
s.j.morden@uk.ac.newcastle
From: baksa@igc.irkutsk.su (Sergey Baksheyev)
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
Subject: Geological thermobarometry: new approach
Date: Thu, 17 Dec 92 11:59:47 +0600
Distribution: world
Organization: Institute of Geochemistry
Reply-To: baksa@igc.irkutsk.su

Russian Academy of Sciences
Institute of Geochemistry
P.B. 4019 Irkutsk-33,
Russia, 664033


                  Dear colleaques:
   I have developed a new approach to determination of the
temperature and pressure of mineral formation that permits
to take into account the specific bulk composition of rocks.
   The method is using a calculation chemical equilibria by
Gibbs free energy minimization. In this case the computer
results are more precise as compared with traditional
calculation techniques.
   The method was described completely in my monograph
Baksheyev S.A.(1991) Physicochemical computer modelling in
geothermobarometry.-Novosibirsk:Nauka.-157p.(in Russian).
In English was published and translated three articles:
Baksheyev S.A. and Karpov I.K.(1986) Calculation of the
temperature and pressure of metamorphism by minimization
of the Gibbs free energy.-Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR.-V.277.-
P.134-136.(translated); Baksheyev S.A.(1990) Geothrmoba-
rometry of mineral equilibria - the inverse problem of
physicochemical modelling.-Int. Geol. Rev.- V.32.-P.588-600.
(trasllated); Makrygina V.A. and Baksheyev S.A.(1990)
Granitization regime in different metamorphic facies
series. A new approach to calculate P-T conditions of
petrogenesis.- Geologicki Zbornic - Geologica Carpatica
(Bratislava), 41,N6.-P.653-670.
   Although many unsolved problems are still to be thought
about. If somebody is developing the approach or are going
to develope one I may supporte you by sincere advice.
   I would like to stay in communication on this type
of approach, better by e-mail.

   With best wishes
   Sergey Baksheyev.

Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
From: stgprao@st.unocal.COM (Richard Ottolini)
Subject: Re: Earthquake Outline
Organization: Unocal Corporation
Date: Thu, 17 Dec 1992 16:55:48 GMT

I'd propose a slightly different outline based upon the inquiries received
in ca.earthquakes and sci.geo.geology and reporter's questions at Caltech.
This outline is less pedagogical than the earlier one and more aimed
at frequently-asked-questions.

Earthquake measurements:
	Richter magnitude scale
	Mercalli intensity scale
	Epicenter/Hypocenter
	Seismicity maps
	Foreshocks/aftershocks
	Seismic nets
	Organizations that make measurements
Relation of earthquakes to faults:
	Role of plate tectonics- boundary and interplate quakes
	Non-fault quakes: volcanoes, nukes, slides, impacts
	How fault activitys are measured; paleoseismic studies
	Focal mechanisms
Earthquake prediction:
	Long term:
		maximum intensity maps
		recurrence intervals
		5-30 year probabilities
		Geographic prospects:
			Northwest US
			Central California
			Southern California
			New England
			Southeast US
			Southern Mississippi
	Short term:
		foreshocks
		USGS alerts
		tides
		chaos
		unconventional
		problems and prospects
Earthquake preparedness:
	What to do during a large quake
	Survival kits
	Preparing home and office
Notable quakes net people have experienced:
	Name, location, time, strength
Information resources:
	Textbooks
	Government documents and maps
	InterNet reports
	InterNet seimicity databases
	InterNet seismograms

I could flesh it out and pass it by the "experts" (the several people actively
doing research in this area and reading the newsgroup) if anyone is interested.
(I do R&D in other areas of geophysics.)
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
From: lallu@cc.utah.edu (Upmanu Lall, Civil Eng)
Subject:  shortest chain on a sphere / shortest around the world trip
News-Software: VAX/VMS VNEWS 1.4-b1  
Organization: University of Utah Computer Center
Date: 13 Dec 1992 17:07 MST  

Does anyone know if this is a solved problem ?
 It seems like it ought to be.
There are n arbitrary locations on the surface of the earth, each of which must
be visited
once and only once, starting from any one of them.
At the end of the trip one is back at the starting point.
It seems to me that the choice of the starting point does not matter,
i.e. there is a unique shortest chain, and you should be able to find it
irrespective of where you start on it.
Is this assertion correct ?
Is there an algorithm for determining the shortest path efficiently,
and the second shortest, etc ?
I recall from a network optimization class taken 2 decades ago, that
a chain network is the dual problem to a flow network
Can this be used to setup the problem such that one could
establish whether the primal or the dual is easier to solve, and to then solve
the problem ?
Distances are Euclidean on the sphere (or the Earth). LAts and Longs of the
points are known , and the number of locations is also known a priori (i.e.
this is not a stochastic process).

Any references, or suggestions to bodies of literature shall be appreciated.
Deterministic  or Monte Carlo techniques would be fine.


Thanks very much for your help
Please respond to
ulall@pub.uwrl.usu.edu
From: xm9@sdcc12.ucsd.edu (richard g. adair)
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
Subject: Unocal's Geothermal Dumping
Date: 18 Dec 92 04:36:25 GMT
Organization: University of California, San Diego

I note that you're a unocal employee - or so I assume from your
address.  I heard today that unocal has finalized the sale to Magma
of its Imperial Valley geothermal plants and interests, as well as its
interests in Long Valley and various Nevada sites.  I realize you're
not in that division (that's in Santa Rosa, I think), but I was
curious if you'd heard any skinny on the status of the unocal
employees associated with these transferred properties.  Are they
out on the street, or is Magma picking some of them up?

regards

rick adair
From: tffreeba@indyvax.iupui.edu
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
Subject: Re: Earthquake Outline
Date: 19 Dec 92 11:21:37 -0500

In article <1992Dec17.165548.17366@unocal.com>, stgprao@st.unocal.COM (Richard Ottolini) writes:
> I'd propose a slightly different outline based upon the inquiries received
> in ca.earthquakes and sci.geo.geology and reporter's questions at Caltech.
> This outline is less pedagogical than the earlier one and more aimed
> at frequently-asked-questions.
>
Thank you for posting this.  This is exactly the sort of thing I was looking
for.  As Andy has pointed out the thing I am working on is aimed at the 
working journalist on a deadline so I hope you would not mind if I took
the proposed FAQ and put it into accepted journalistic style and possible
other editing to make it fit the audience.

I will run this by the journalism department sometime after the holidays
and see if I can come up with a plan to get it disseminated electronically
and in hardcopy (thank you again Andy.)
 
[Outline with good additions to the original deleted]
> 
> I could flesh it out and pass it by the "experts" (the several people actively
> doing research in this area and reading the newsgroup) if anyone is interested.
> (I do R&D in other areas of geophysics.)

This would be great!  As I mentioned in the original posting, my quals for this
were not the greatest.  (BTW the E.Q. course I took used Bolt's book.)  All
I would ask (again) is a little editing power (I would re-post the edited
version to the newsgroup for final approval and comments, etc.) and that the
contributors be listed so attribution could be given to those who deserve it.

Sorry if my responses are slow now but with finals still going on I have tests
to take and to grade as well as all the holiday stuff.  I will write as
soon as I can.

Thomas Freebairn

P.S.  I have never been called a pedagogue before.  Which is just as well as
it is one of those words that I had always meant to look up but never had.
Well I know now.  Gee, I always thought I was a wild eyed, long haired, free
thinker.  See what happens when you turn forty. TFF
From: xm9@sdcc12.ucsd.edu (richard g. adair)
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
Subject: Re: Earthquake Outline
Date: 17 Dec 92 19:52:35 GMT
Organization: University of California, San Diego

Much of what has been proposed in the several course outlines listed
here is covered in Bruce Bolt's primer, Earthquakes, available from Freeman. 
I suggest a look at this book before setting out on the arduous path
of accumulating all this material anew.

rick adair

Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
From: srctran@world.std.com (Gregory Aharonian)
Subject: Re: Magnetic reversal?
Organization: The World
Date: Fri, 11 Dec 1992 20:24:37 GMT

    Given the high energies of cosmic rays, and the low value of the Earth's
magnetic field, it seems that currently the Earth's magnetic field will have
little effect on deflecting cosmic rays, and that a weakened field won't lead
to large increases in flux densities, given the same atmospheric protection.
Someone at NASA must have written a paper about this, anyone have a good
reference?

Greg Aharonian
Source Translation & Optimization
-- 
**************************************************************************
Greg Aharonian
Source Translation & Optimiztion
P.O. Box 404, Belmont, MA 02178
From: rlk@underprize.think.com (Robert Krawitz)
Newsgroups: sci.geo.meteorology
Subject: Re: Tornadoes around the world
Date: 19 Dec 92 14:34:42
Organization: Thinking Machines Corporation, Cambridge Mass., USA
	<1992Dec18.202619.29890@ncar.ucar.edu>
	<1992Dec18.234652.18214@ncar.ucar.edu>
	<BzHIwx.2zK@constellation.ecn.uoknor.edu>
NNTP-Posting-Host: underprize.think.com
In-reply-to: hunter@nsslsun.nssl.uoknor.edu's message of 19 Dec 92 02:29:16 GMT

In article <BzHIwx.2zK@constellation.ecn.uoknor.edu> hunter@nsslsun.nssl.uoknor.edu (Steve Hunter) writes:

   Or, you could hitch up a bunch of mobile homes to the backs of trucks and
   haul them down the highway.  This is known, at least here in Okie-homa, as
   TROLLING FOR TORNADOES...

Should suggest that to Chris Novy and the other folks on wx-talk who
chase and kept missing things this year.  The only problem is that
studies have shown that mobile homes must be occupied in order to
attract tornadoes.  Apparently human life-force serves as the activation
energy.

:-)
--
ames >>>>>>>>>  |	Robert Krawitz <rlk@think.com>	245 First St.
bloom-beacon >  |think!rlk				Cambridge, MA  02142
harvard >>>>>>  .	Thinking Machines Corp.		(617)234-2116

Member of the League for Programming Freedom -- write lpf@uunet.uu.net
From: lakerb@rcwusr.bp.com
Newsgroups: sci.geo.meteorology
Subject: Re: TRASPORTATION OF DUST IN THE ATMOSPHERE
Date: 18 Dec 92 14:49:31 -0600
Organization: BP Research, Cleveland, OH (USA)

In article <1992Dec18.132954.13003@polaris.utu.fi>, Risto Kalliola <riskall@utu.fi> writes:
> There is a group of tropical ecology biologists interested in the assumed
> contribution of atmospheric dust in the nutrient balance of  tropical
> forests. These ecosystems often occur in nutrient-poor soils - therefore
> any external input of mineral nutrients could have ecologically important
> role to play.
> 
> Metereology is not our field. Therefore we want to ask if somebody could
> help us to get good information about atmospheric transportation of dust
> from one place into another. Any relevant literature available about the
> matter? Maybe somewhere there is an group of people studying just these
> questions?

Suggest you look for articles by Donald Ermak at Lawrence Livermore National
Labs.  He is one of the experts in global atmospheric transport and, for
example, ran the models of the radioactive particulates from Chernobyl.

Robin Lake
BP Research
lake@rcwcl1.dnet.bp.com
From: es_ind05@Oswego.EDU (Donald R. Frank)
Newsgroups: sci.geo.meteorology
Subject: NEED THIS LAST WEEKEND'S DATA
Date: 14 Dec 92 17:14:11 GMT
Reply-To: es_ind05@oswego.Oswego.EDU (Donald R. Frank)
Organization: Instructional Computing Center, SUNY at Oswego, Oswego, NY

*   This past weekend, as most of you know a major Noreaster hit 
*   the east coast, but our machines went down. We really need, for
*   independent study, all data available about the storm. For 
*   example we need all SA, Upper air, Surface maps, Total Prec. maps
*   and any other useful data on the storm. If you have any data to
*   share or reasonablely sell to a student please e-mail me and 
*   if you know a way to get it also e-mail me please.
*
*
*                                            Thank You 
*                                           Donald Frank
*                                           es_ind05@oswego.Oswego.EDU
*    P.S. any data, even that not listed before is need 
*           willing to take all. Thanks again.
*
Newsgroups: sci.geo.meteorology
From: mga@world.std.com (Lawrence F Buckland)
Subject: Meteorological and Geoastrophysical Abstracts on CD-ROM
Summary: Meteorological and Geoastrophysical Abstracts is now on CD-ROM
Keywords: CDROM CD-ROM Meterology Oceanography MGA AMS Abstracts
Organization: The World Public Access UNIX, Brookline, MA
Date: Wed, 16 Dec 1992 18:32:46 GMT

MGA on CD-ROM

METEOROLOGICAL AND GEOASTROPHYSICAL ABSTRACTS (MGA) is now
available on CD-ROM

MGA on CD-ROM, a quarterly, will be published in 1993.  This
publication is a CD-ROM version of the printed journal
METEOROLOGICAL AND GEOASTROPHYSICAL ABSTRACTS which has been
published by the American Meteorological Society for over 40
years.  The CD-ROM contains the abstracts from the current
literature together with a backfile of approximately 120,000
abstracts published since 1974.

The new CD-ROM searches a hundred times faster than the manual
searching of printed indexes, which will save hours of search
time for students, researchers and reference librarians.

A demonstration disk and documentation is available free of
charge from the undersigned.  Your library may already have a
copy as 100 or so have already been distributed.  If not, we
would appreciate your calling your librarian's attention to its
availability.

For those libraries whose CD-ROM players are on LANs, access
can be from your terminal.  Access to the CD-ROM from remote
terminals is allowed as long as the terminals are from the same
organization and campus.

The comments and reviews of the demonstration disk so far have
been good.  One improvement suggested which will be
incorporated into the first issue is the combining of the
separate title, abstract, and subject heading word key into a
single, easy-to-use key.

To request a demonstration disk please respond to MGA's
Internet address mga@world.std.rom

Internet access to MGA

Progress on Internet access and distribution has been delayed
because (1) the development resources available were needed
for the CD-ROM, (2) the need for a subscription access policy
for users which would sustain the revenue required to publish
the journal, and (3) the development of an interactive subject
profile query system with which to log subscriptions.

The interest in this project is strong, however, and we will
push its development as fast as resources permit.

MGA will be exhibiting its new services and products at the AMS
Annual Meeting in Anaheim.  We would appreciate anyone who is
attending to stop by and comment on our plans.

Lawrence F. Buckland - mga@world.std.com
Inforonics, Inc.
550 Newtown Rd., PO Box 458
Littleton, MA 01460
Newsgroups: sci.geo.meteorology
From: marcia@rap.ucar.edu (Marcia Politovich)
Subject: Re: Tornadoes around the world
Organization: NCAR, Research Application Program
Date: Fri, 18 Dec 1992 23:46:52 GMT

In article <1992Dec18.202619.29890@ncar.ucar.edu> ilana@kiowa.scd.ucar.edu (Ilana Stern) writes:
>In article <1992Dec18.170955.17961@serval.net.wsu.edu>, jeffp@wsuaix.csc.wsu.edu (Jeff Parke) writes:
>> A friend from Africa said there were no tornadoes there.  Is North America
>> the only continent where tornadoes ocurr?  If so, why?
>
 various comments, which the humor-impaired will likely take seriously..

>Finally, let us not overlook the importance of trailer parks, which
>serve as "tornadic magnets."  There are far more trailer parks in the
>US than anywhere else, and these trailer parks are crucial to the
>formation of tornadoes, as observational evidence indicates that 
>tornadoes nearly always occur in their vicinity.
>
 I have always thought that as a weather modification project,
 for tornado dissipation, they (who??) ought to drop trailers
 out of the back of some large cargo plane, like a C5a. This 
 would immediately attract any tornadoes in the area, give them 
 something to chew on (literally), and voila, the problem is
 solved. 

>I apologize for not having references to cite in this post, but if
>anybody's interested, I will post them as soon as I make them up.
>I didn't make up this theory, though;  it's in a paper I have at
>home, which appeared in the April issue of some journal or the other.

 Try the Journal of Irreproducible Results...... 

>-- 
>/\    "I'm only a human girl person.  I ain't always perfect."--Rambling Rose
>  \_][ <--NCAR Ilana Stern dod#009 r.b. cliff swallow ilana@ncar.ucar.edu    
>      \______________________________________________________________________

 Happy Winter Solstice to you all 

 --  Marcia Politovich, another crazed NCAR person 


Newsgroups: sci.geo.meteorology
From: jeffp@wsuaix.csc.wsu.edu (Jeff Parke)
Subject: Tornadoes around the world
Originator: jeffp@wsuaix.csc.wsu.edu
Organization: Washington State University
Date: Fri, 18 Dec 92 17:09:55 GMT

A friend from Africa said there were no tornadoes there.  Is North America
the only continent where tornadoes ocurr?  If so, why?

---------------------
Jeff Parke <jeffp@vcs10.vetmed.wsu.edu>
also:   jeffp@WSUVM1.bitnet   AOL: JeffParke
Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine class of 1994
Pullman, WA  99164-7012
Newsgroups: sci.geo.meteorology
From: Risto Kalliola <riskall@utu.fi>
Subject: TRASPORTATION OF DUST IN THE ATMOSPHERE
Organization: Univ. Turku /Biol.
X-Useragent: Nuntius v1.1a2
Date: Fri, 18 Dec 92 13:29:54 GMT

There is a group of tropical ecology biologists interested in the assumed
contribution of atmospheric dust in the nutrient balance of  tropical
forests. These ecosystems often occur in nutrient-poor soils - therefore
any external input of mineral nutrients could have ecologically important
role to play.

Metereology is not our field. Therefore we want to ask if somebody could
help us to get good information about atmospheric transportation of dust
from one place into another. Any relevant literature available about the
matter? Maybe somewhere there is an group of people studying just these
questions?
Xref: sparky sci.geo.meteorology:3523 sci.astro:13210
From: shag@aero.org (Robert M. Unverzagt)
Newsgroups: sci.geo.meteorology,sci.astro
Subject: NOAA archive for solar data?
Date: 16 Dec 1992 20:44:41 GMT
Organization: Organization?  You must be kidding.
Distribution: world
NNTP-Posting-Host: aerospace.aero.org

Greetings,

Could anyone point me in the direction of an ftp site
or some other archive where NOAA solar predictions are
located?  I understand that there's a phone number one
can call to get NOAA predictions of Ap, f10.7, etc for 
tomorrow and also what they really were yesterday.  I'd
like to find out how good the predictions really are,
hence the need for some kind of historical data.  Or, if
someone has looked into this already, a pointer to the
relevant paper or source would be greatly appreciated.

I can be reached at shag@aerospace.aero.org.  Thanks!

Shag

-- 
       Rob Unverzagt        |
  shag@aerospace.aero.org   |   The will to a system is a lack of integrity.
unverzagt@courier2.aero.org |                        - Friedrich Nietzsche 
   18348@rhodes.aero.org    |
Newsgroups: sci.geo.meteorology
From: mark@lightning.ofps.ucar.edu (Mark Bradford)
Subject: STORM-FEST Data Availability
Keywords: storm fest data archive
Reply-To: bradfrd2@ncar.ucar.edu (Mark Bradford)
Organization: Office of Field Project Support, UCAR, Boulder
Date: Mon, 14 Dec 1992 22:11:20 GMT


To whom it may concern:

The following changes have taken place in the archive of STORM-FEST data. 
First, our office has physically moved, and with that move, our computers
have changed from the mmm.ucar.edu domain to the ofps.ucar.edu domain; the
Internet numbers have changed from 128.117.88.x to 128.117.90.x.  In
particular, the archive machine is now storm.ofps.ucar.edu, 128.117.90.53.

Second, the second version of the 5-minute and hourly surface composites
are now available.  They are *not*, however, available through anonymous
FTP, but through the CODIAC data access system.  To use this system, use
telnet to connect to storm.ofps.ucar.edu, and log in as "storm" with the
password "research" (omitting the quote marks).  The system is menu-driven,
and will allow you to search for the data you desire and have it delivered
to you.

Many other STORM-FEST datasets are available for searching and selecting,
and this is the method by which new datasets will be made available.

Please feel free to e-mail me at bradfrd2@ncar.ucar.edu if you have
questions.

-- 
-- Mark Bradford (bradfrd2@ncar.ucar.edu) <> To err is human, to moo bovine.
                     "Death always calls at 300 baud."
Newsgroups: sci.geo.meteorology
From: ilana@kiowa.scd.ucar.edu (Ilana Stern)
Subject: Re: Tornadoes around the world
Organization: NCAR/UCAR
Date: Fri, 18 Dec 1992 20:26:19 GMT

In article <1992Dec18.170955.17961@serval.net.wsu.edu>, jeffp@wsuaix.csc.wsu.edu (Jeff Parke) writes:
> A friend from Africa said there were no tornadoes there.  Is North America
> the only continent where tornadoes ocurr?  If so, why?

Yes, this is true.  The reason for this is that cyclonic vorticity in
the Northern Hemisphere is in the counterclockwise sense.  Because
traffic drives on the right side of the road in North America, automobiles
on interstates and such generate cyclonic vorticity from the shear as they 
pass traffic going in the opposite direction:

                    <======traffic=======
                     ======traffic=======> 

So as you can see, highways act as cyclonic vorticity generators,
which tend to spawn tornadoes, especially in flat states such as 
Kansas and Oklahoma where the highways are in straight lines.  In
Africa, on the other hand, the traffic-generated shear is opposite
to the sense of cyclonic vorticity, so no tornadoes are generated.
Of course, they drive on the left in Australia, which is in the
southern hemisphere, but fortunately there's not much traffic there;
if the population increases dramatically there, I predict that tornadoes
will begin to occur there too.

Finally, let us not overlook the importance of trailer parks, which
serve as "tornadic magnets."  There are far more trailer parks in the
US than anywhere else, and these trailer parks are crucial to the
formation of tornadoes, as observational evidence indicates that 
tornadoes nearly always occur in their vicinity.

I apologize for not having references to cite in this post, but if
anybody's interested, I will post them as soon as I make them up.
I didn't make up this theory, though;  it's in a paper I have at
home, which appeared in the April issue of some journal or the other.
-- 
/\    "I'm only a human girl person.  I ain't always perfect."--Rambling Rose
  \_][ <--NCAR Ilana Stern dod#009 r.b. cliff swallow ilana@ncar.ucar.edu    
      \______________________________________________________________________
Newsgroups: sci.geo.meteorology,comp.parallel