From: minhaszt@ucunix.san.uc.edu (Zafar T Minhas)
Newsgroups: soc.culture.pakistan,soc.culture.african,soc.culture.african-american,soc.culture.afghanistan,soc.culture.turkish,soc.culture.asean,soc.culture.iranian
Subject: Re: Algeria Vs. the US hypocrisy -From NYT-
Date: 14 Sep 92 19:59:37 GMT
Organization: University of Cincinnati

In article <BuKzu0.KGv@ucunix.san.uc.edu> ghayalm@ucunix.san.uc.edu (Manoj Ghayalod) writes:
>In article <BuJyvB.GLD@ucunix.san.uc.edu> minhaszt@ucunix.san.uc.edu (Zafar T Minhas) writes:
>>
>>
>I have some questions
>>
>>5)all people are allowed to run for office with the exception of the head of
>>  the government and that is only for a muslim (which makes sense since in an
>>  islamic state the head of the government would have to be a muslim)
>>
>Why does the head of the government have to be a muslim?  What if a non muslim
B>agrees to the principal of the Islamic state, why can't he be the head of
>the government?  Most of the rules seem conservative, but fair to me.

I suppose that if the head of the government is non-muslim but consistently
sticks to the principles of Islam I guess that would be okay.

>
>>6)the non-muslims of that country enjoy special rights (they do not have to
>>  be in the military, in return the pay a jizyah, the money which is used is
>>  for their protection in war) the non-musims are known as dhimmi which is
>>  short for dhimmat-ullah (protected by god).
>>
>What if non muslims decide to serve in the military do they still have to
>pay jizyah?  Is it compulsary for all muslim males to serve in the
>miltary, if not, then why are the ones not serving in the miltary asked to
>pay jizyah?

The non-muslims are not foridden to serve, it is that they do not have to serve
in the military. If a non-muslim decides to serve then he doesn't need to pay
jizyah. An analogous institution to jizyah for the Muslims in an Islamic 
country is the Zakat, they have to pay it under all circumstances if they can
afford to. This is required whether they are in the military or not. 
Non-muslims do not have to pay Zakat. The Zakat money that Muslims pay is
directed to the Islamic society as a whole, the benefit of the Jizyah is not,
though the non-muslims can request that it be. However the intention was that 
it be used for their own (dhimmis) benefit.

>A
>>3)i think that a large minority of scholars believe that it is acceptable
>>  for a woman to be chosen as khalifah or amirah. **
>>
>>** controversial statement so i will explain my view from what i read later
>>
>Would like to know your view and also why the majority obOBject.

A man by the name of Abi Bakra (not to be confused with Abu Bakr), during the
Battle of The Camel, is reported to have said that he heard the prophet of God
say that no nation can ever succeed if it is ruled by a woman. For this reason
most of the scholars feel that the head of the government should not be a
woman. 
This kind of quotation is known as a hadis. Hadis are words of the prophet,
they are not to be confused with the Quran, which are the words of God. Muslims
jelously seperate and keep clear what is hadis and what is the Quran. One of
the reasons is already stated, the Quran is the word of God, while hadis are 
the words of a man. 
The second reason is the result of the first. Since hadis are the words of a 
man there can be mistakes in the transmission of those words from one person
to the next. A science was developed to analyze the transmission of the 
hadis. The chain of people who narrated the Hadis had to be formulated, this
is called Isnad, if the Isnad is reliable then the hadis is categorized as 
correct, if not, then it is categorized as doubtful. There are various 
categories in between these two. This methodology is not perfect, obviously
even reliable people can make honest mistakes especially when passing along
a quote by mouth.
This is the case of hadis, even correct hadis can not be completely relied 
upon even though they are on the average more reliable than a simple mouth
to mOAouth transfer of a quote.

In the case of the hadis mentioned abovem, even though the hadis is categorized
as correct, there are still some problems with it. 
1)the man who stated this hadis is known to have accepted the leadership of 
a woman in the battle of the camel. her name was aisha,the wife of the prophet
she was no less than the equivalent of a general. she worked in consultation
with two other men, who accept her as the leader of the battle. the question
is, why would a man who quoted the prophet as saying that a woman is no allowed
to lead accept the leadership of a woman. Why would the men she worked in 
consultation with accept her leadership? 
2)the quran talks about a queen, her name was bilqis, the queen of sheba, who 
ruled ever her people with justice. her advisers were men. she accepted the 
religion of god and became sulaiman's (solomon)(AS) wife. no indication is 
given that she gave up her reign after accepting the religion of god or after
marrying solomon.
3)everything is allowed in islam that is not explicitly or through valid 
reasoning on the basis of the quran and sunnah (words and deeds of muhammad
[pbuh]) stated that it is allowed.


therefore i feel that leadership by a woman is allowed.

for those who use the quran, there is a verse which is says
ar-rijalu qaawamuna alan-nisaa bi ma faddala.....

it is translated by many people that men are superior to women because of what 
god has blessed..., 

a mistranslation based on the male domination in all societies.

the literal translation is men shall maintain and protect women with what god 
has blessed...
if Ayou guys don't believe me look it up in any dictionary.


>
>>in an islamic country the khalifah or amir has the added responsibility
>>that all of the people are properly clothed and fed, not a single person
>>can go unclothed or unfed.
>>
>I don't think it is possible.  How do you think this can be done?

It is these days not possible, however, if you take the case of somalia
or even the plight of homeless people now in cincinnati, distribute your 
resources in the most equitable manner the problem can be greatly decreased.
some people mihgt not want to work well, good luck to them, but for those who
do, give them some start up capital or find use your zakat money to find
a job for them. 

>
>>
>>
>>zafar minhas
>>
>>B
>Manoj
>>
>

zafar minhas
Newsgroups: soc.culture.pakistan