HDTenEightyP/NetNews huggingface dataset:
From: ljones@utkvx3.utk.edu (Where UT goes, others will follow.)
Newsgroups: sci.bio
Subject: Re: Info on brewing beer at home.
Date: 10 Jan 93 14:14:00 GMT
Article-I.D.: utkvx3.10JAN199310145672
Organization: University of Tennessee Computing Center
News-Software: VAX/VMS VNEWS 1.41

Carl Fink In article <1993Jan5.232152.17421@spruce.pfc.forestry.ca>, rwinder@PFC.Forestry.CA writes...
>In article <C0EIIA.n4x@ecf.toronto.edu>, toh@ecf.toronto.edu (TOH CHUN-KIT)
> writes:
>bottle when you pour.  The main problem is locating non screw top beer 
>bottles...
> 
>Happy homebrewing!
> 
>  RICHARD WINDER                    Title: Visiting Fellow
>  Forestry Canada                   Phone: (604) 363-0600
I've found that most bars will give you cases of Bud longnecks for
nothing or next to nothing. Beware of cigarette butts! Actually,
the biggest downside to homebrewing is washing the dang bottles. A
bottle washer that attaches to a faucet or spigot helps. The ultimate
solution would be to keb beer. I've tasted homebrew that was kegged
in coke dispensers, however, and it didn't taste so good. The same
brewer's bottled beer was noticably better. Can anyone recommend
any kegging tips?
Carl Fink emailed me the name of the homebrew newsgroup:

Rec.crafts.brewing

Thanks, Carl!
><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><>< 
Leslie Jones                ljones@utkvx.utk.edu                AOL:LeslieJonz

   Founder of the Naturalist Club and B.E.N., The Book Exchange Network. 

   University and private bookstores don't pay students enough for used books. 
They then sell the same books to other students at inflated prices. Ask me how 
a courageous group of University of Tennessee students are using computers to
beat the bookstores. Unlike the bookstores, B.E.N. is nonprofit.
><><><><><><><<><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><>< 




I've found that most bars will give you cases of longneck Buds for
>  Victoria, B.C.                    Internet: RWINDER@A1.PFC.Forestry.CA
Newsgroups: sci.bio
From: kyrsten@eos.arc.nasa.gov (Kyrsten Swazey)
Subject: Re: Brain Size. Modern vs Neanderthal
Organization: NASA Ames Research Center
Distribution: usa
Date: Thu, 7 Jan 1993 16:22:57 GMT

nsmca@acad3.alaska.edu writes:

>Brainsize..If I remember correctl Neanderthal man had a larger brain cc than
>modern man on the adverage. Itsnot how big, its how you use it.. Neanderthal
>seemsed to be more peaceful or less vicious as modern humans..

>Michael Adams alias Ghost Wheel/Morgoth NSMCA@acad3.alaska.edu


...maybe that's because there were less of them... 
(just a thought)

K
From: w.p.coyne@newcastle.ac.uk
Newsgroups: sci.bio
Subject: Re: Evolution of the human brain's cognitive capacity
Date: 5 Jan 93 12:53:00 GMT
Reply-To: w.p.coyne@newcastle.ac.uk
Organization: Chemical & Process Engineering Dept, University of Newcastle, UK.

darice@yoyo.cc.monash.edu.au (Fred Rice) writes:

>I was wondering, is there an evolutionary explanation for the great
>capacities humans have to think?  I'm thinking about things like our
>ability to do advanced mathematics, for instance.  There is no
>evolutionary survival advantage in being able to solve differential
>equations, for instance.  If this is the case, then *why*, in
>evolutionary terms, can we do such things?

  New Scientist (5-Dec-92) had a seven page supplement "The great Brain 
race", which was one of the many supplements they have had on the Secret
Life of the Brain.

  It is relevent to this discussino but I am sending it under a new
subject heading  = brainsize - the great brain race.

But I thought I would summary the questions it answers so anyone 
reading this subject who is interested will not miss it.

   Why did mammals evolve large brains 250 Ma?
   Why did mammals evolve even larger brains 65 Ma.?
   Why did primates evolve brains large compared to other mammals?
   How do primates grow such large brains?
   Why did humans evolve such large brains compared to primates?
   Is size the only way humans brains differ?
Newsgroups: sci.bio
From: ljones@utkvx2.utk.edu (Leslie Lamont Jones)
Subject: Re: Info on brewing beer at home.
News-Software: VAX/VMS VNEWS 1.41    
Organization: University of Tennessee Computing Center
Date: Sat, 9 Jan 1993 15:44:00 GMT

In article <C0EIIA.n4x@ecf.toronto.edu>, toh@ecf.toronto.edu (TOH CHUN-KIT) writes...
> 
>I teamed up with a few buddies in town to brew our own beer.
>This is to reduce the initial cost of getting the equipment. I am
>new to this subject and I am wondering if there is anybody out
>there with a working knowledge on home brewing. I would
>be most grateful for any suggestions or ideas. Please post or e-mail.
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
First of all, relax. Don't worry. Have a homebrew.


The standard work is Charlie Papazian's _The Complete Joy of Homebrewing_.
Papazian wrote a second edition, _The New Complete_ or _More Complete_ 
I think, which adds new recipes. The book is informative and fun (the
first line of my message comes from his book,) and 
has tons of recipes.

Advice from this amatuer homebrewer:

The most important thing you can do to make good brew is to use two 
stage fermentation. Let your fermentation go to approx. 75% completion,
then siphon it into a sceond fermenter, leaving behind the spent yeast,
hops, and other junk at the bottom of the fermenter. This will
drastically improve flavor and clarity, and reduce sediment in the bottle.

The other thing I would recommend is using whole hops, as opposed
to hopped malt, hop extract, or hop pellets. Much better flavor, IMHO.
 You'll have to strain
the hop petals out of the wort prior to fermentation, but this is easliy
done with cheesecloth, and is well worth the small
effort, IMHO.

Papazian's "Rocky Racoon Honey Lager" recipe is excellent, BTW.

Also, there is a newsgroup dedicated to homebrewing. Would someone 
please post the name of this group? Thanks.

************************************************************************
*Leslie Lamont Jones          Bitnet and Internet:ljones@utkvx.utk.edu *
*Oh, my beloved ice cream bar! How I love to lick your creamy center!  *
*And your oh so nutty chocalate covering!                              *
*                                   -Ren and Stimpy.  Space Madness    *
************************************************************************

R
From: rowe@pender.ee.upenn.edu (Mickey Rowe)
Newsgroups: sci.bio
Subject: Re: "Falling" Asleep
Date: 8 Jan 93 21:58:35 GMT
Organization: University of Pennsylvania

In article <1993Jan8.004657.3960@spruce.pfc.forestry.ca>
     rwinder@PFC.Forestry.CA writes:

>In article <103986@netnews.upenn.edu>, rowe@pender.ee.upenn.edu
     (Mickey Rowe) writes:

>> I'm very dubious that your sleeping
>>position plays that strong of a role in shaping the content of your
>>dreams.  
>>
>
>I still disagree (again from personal experience, though I doubt if it is
>unique).  Restricting leg movement (via sleeping cats, tangled bedclothing,
>etc.) results in a pronounced difficulty in dream walking.  

If I understand what you're thinking here, then this is incredibly
stupid (sorry to be so blunt; I don't mean this as a personal attack,
only an attack on the idea I think you're espousing).  During REMS,
all somatic musculature (except those necessary for driving the lungs
and, of course, the extraocular muscles) is actively inhibited.  The
phenomenon is referred to as REM atonia, and electrodes for measuring
EMG are typically part of the apparatus for determining when a person
(or cat, or dog) is in a state of REM.  If your limbs were restrained
during a dream, you'd have no way of knowing, because you'd never try
to move them during the dream (not you real limbs anyways).

>Ever see a time lapse video of people sleeping?  

Yes, mostly at talks given by people who *study* sleep.

>They gyrate like crazy, particularly with shuffling ankle motions.

However, if they move *at all* during REMS (when most dreams occur),
it is a sign of an underlying pathology.  As a person who shows
incipient signs of developing this pathology, I'm somewhat aware of
it. 

>  Sleeping in awkward positions often results in the
>position being translated to the dream.  Again, I believe that it is a matter
>of residual awareness in the L hemisphere, rather than switching awareness
>completely on or off.

I deleted the section in your previous post where you went on about
the R and L stuff.  I still don't want to get into it.  I haven't
gotten around to reading _Drawing on the Right Side of the Brain_ (or
whatever), but I *really* haven't liked the sorts of things people
seem to think after having read it.  The Sperry/Gazzaniga split brain
patient studies have probably been more over-interpreted than any
other set of experiments in the history of science.  It's fascinating
work, but it's a crying shame that people want to draw conclusions
like that hemispheres turn "on" and "off" in normal individuals...
Ick! 

>  RICHARD WINDER                    Title: Visiting Fellow

Mickey Rowe     (rowe@pender.ee.upenn.edu)
Xref: sparky sci.bio:4798 bionet.plants:811 bionet.population-bio:144
From: johnreed@carson.u.washington.edu (John Reed)
Newsgroups: sci.bio,bionet.plants,bionet.population-bio
Subject: Plant riparian population genetics
Date: 6 Jan 1993 18:21:04 GMT
Organization: University of Washington, Seattle
Distribution: world
NNTP-Posting-Host: carson.u.washington.edu

Newsgroups: sci.bio,bionet.plants,bionet.population-bio
Subject: Plant riparian population genetics
Summary: 
Followup-To: 
Distribution: 
Organization: University of Washington, Seattle
Keywords: 

Hi,
	I am doing research on the population genetics of black cottonwood
(Populus trichocarpa) in some river valleys in the Cascade Mountains.  I
have searched for references on population genetics of plants (trees are
preferable) in a linear spatial system (a river or stream), but have had
virtually no luck in finding any.  It seems to me that the genetics of
such a system may be different than a typical 2-d system.  I would
appreciate any leads on references or studies you may know of concerning
population genetics of plants in a riparian setting.
Thanks
John Reed
(E-mail: johnreed@u.washington.edu)
From: flemyng@hydra.unm.edu (e penryn  flemyngx)
Newsgroups: sci.bio
Subject: Imported Yugoslavia bees - query
Date: 11 Jan 1993 16:33:05 GMT
Organization: University of New Mexico, Albuquerque
Distribution: usa
NNTP-Posting-Host: hydra.unm.edu

Has anyone else heard/read of this? More info available? Haven't seen
anything in the journals yet. Thanks.

Penryn

Service is importing
University of New Mexico

Newsgroups: sci.bio
From: rwinder@PFC.Forestry.CA (Richard Winder)
Subject: Re: "Falling" Asleep
Reply-To: rwinder@PFC.Forestry.CA
Organization: Forestry Canada (Pacific Forestry Centre)
Date: Fri, 8 Jan 1993 00:46:57 GMT

In article <103986@netnews.upenn.edu>, rowe@pender.ee.upenn.edu (Mickey Rowe)
writes:
>In article <1993Jan6.182906.23437@spruce.pfc.forestry.ca>
>     rwinder@PFC.Forestry.CA writes:
>>>>rowe@pender.ee.upenn.edu (Mickey Rowe) writes:
>>>>>I also think this is a bit of nonsense.  You're presupposing that 
>>>>outer events (e.g. body positions) play a strong role in your dream 
>>>>content.  

>>Q.v. Ann Faraday's "The Dream Game".  The above statement contradicts what most
>>research has shown to date.  Body position can play an extreme role in dream
>>content (or outer events, for that matter).  I would have to say that anyone
>>who has never experienced this (e.g. incorporating an alarm clock into your
>>dream so you don't have to wake up) should scrutinize their own dreams a bit
>>more carefully.  
>
>I not only agree that outer events *can* play a role in dream content,
>*I'm* the person that mentioned the alarm clock incorporation in a
>previous post.

Asleep at the switch!  I apologize for the memory lapse.

>
>In context, what I'm objecting to is Ken Easlon's claim that, for
>example, sleeping with your knees bent makes it more likely that you
>will dream of walking up stairs.  I'm very dubious that your sleeping
>position plays that strong of a role in shaping the content of your
>dreams.  
>

I still disagree (again from personal experience, though I doubt if it is
unique).  Restricting leg movement (via sleeping cats, tangled bedclothing,
etc.) results in a pronounced difficulty in dream walking.  Ever see a time
lapse video of people sleeping?  They gyrate like crazy, particularly with
shuffling ankle motions.  Sleeping in awkward positions often results in the
position being translated to the dream.  Again, I believe that it is a matter
of residual awareness in the L hemisphere, rather than switching awareness
completely on or off.  At any rate, we are a bit off the subject, since clear
dreaming occurs in REM states far later than the onset of myocolonic spams,
which occur during the first few seconds of dozing-off.

  RICHARD WINDER                    Title: Visiting Fellow
  Forestry Canada                   Phone: (604) 363-0600
  Victoria, B.C.                    Internet: RWINDER@A1.PFC.Forestry.CA
Newsgroups: sci.bio,bionet.plants,bionet.population-bio
From: djd@cbnewsg.cb.att.com (david.j.daulton)
Subject: Re: Plant riparian population genetics
Organization: AT&T
Date: Thu, 7 Jan 1993 21:53:42 GMT

Regarding populus tichocarpa, I read that this is one of the "balsam
poplars", and one of the most fragrant plants to have in one's garden.
Specifically, it is supposed to smell really good when the buds first open
in the spring.  So, I sent off for one, but when it arrived, no smell.  

I tried keeping it in a pot, but it died during the winter.  Before I order
another, was the book wrong, and this is not fragrant plant, or did it
arrive after its fragrant phase, or did the nursery send me the wrong
tree?

Dave Daulton, Columbus, Ohio
  
Newsgroups: sci.bio
From: kksng@leland.Stanford.EDU (Kenneth Kai-Sing Ng)
Subject: Re: Krebs cycle
Organization: DSG, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA
Date: Fri, 8 Jan 93 17:47:36 GMT

In article <726020993snz@lrts1.demon.co.uk>, grmd@lrts1.demon.co.uk ("Gareth R. M. Davies") writes:
|> Please can somebody give me an explanation of the Krebs (TCA)
|> cycle, and where it occurs.  I understand it occurs in the
|> mitochondria and may be connected with aerobic respiration in
|> cells.  Any easily readable references would also be helpful.
|> If you prefer to send to me directly, my email address is
|>     grmd@lrts1.demon.co.uk
|> -- 
|> Gareth R. M. Davies                    Work tel. +44 753 696777 x2613
|> Home tel. +44 344 21729                Work fax. +44 753 696254
|> 
|> 

The Krebs or TCA cycle is a series of enzymatic reactions found in nearly all
organisms ranging from bacteria to plants to animals. It has two main roles.
One is to oxidize a two carbon compound carried by a cofactor (acetyl-CoA)
derived from sugars, amino acids, and fatty acids (FOOD!), thus liberating a
source of high energy electrons which can be used to drive oxidative
phosphorylation, a means of generating energy for the cell. In aerobic
organisms, oxidative phosphorylation typically requires oxygen as a terminal
electron acceptor. A second role of the TCA cycle is to generate, again from
acetyl-CoA, four carbon building blocks for the synthesis of amino acids and
glucose. In eukaryotic organisms (plants, animals, and other non-bacteria),
the location of the enzymes of the TCA cycle is the matrix of the
mitochondria.  In bacteria, these enzymes presumably reside in the cytosol.

Any biochemistry text will have gobs of detail on the TCA cycle. I like
Stryer's "Biochemistry", especially his chapter on the integration of
metabolism.

Why are you wondering about the Krebs cycle?
From: rowe@pender.ee.upenn.edu (Mickey Rowe)
Newsgroups: sci.bio
Subject: Re: MRNA
Date: 4 Jan 93 22:12:34 GMT
Organization: University of Pennsylvania

In article <C01ws8.CIu@iat.holonet.net> ken@iat.holonet.net 
    (Ken Easlon) writes:

>The next question (which should have an answer in host of textbooks, but
>unfortunately none which I've been able to lay my hands on): What is the
>weight of a typical eukaryotic cell, or alternately, what is the total
>number of cells in the human body?

It might help to know what exactly you want from the information.  A
back of the envelope calculation for the weight of a cell is pretty
simple, but the variance in cell weights even in a single animal can
be quite considerable.  For a ball park number, you can approximate a
cell as a sphere with a diameter of around 30 micrometers, and a
density somewhat higher than that of water.  The mass of this model
cell would be roughly:

4/3 Pi (30E-6)^3 (1.5 g/cc) ~ 200 picograms (assuming I haven't made
                                             any gross mistakes :-)

I suspect that that value could be off by a factor of a thousand or
more (too high or too low) for any given cell, however.

As for your auxiliary question, I hope that you weren't planning on
taking the number of cells and dividing the average person's weight by
that number.  Much of your body is acellular.  For example, (and this
is just *one* example) your blood is only about 40-45% cells by volume
(the other 55-60% is plasma, which is mostly water with various salts
and proteins floating around in it).  And furthermore, of the 40% of
your blood that is cellular, nearly all of that is non-nucleated
erythrocytes (red blood cells).  Given your other questions, I suspect
that's something that you might want to know.  

So where are you headed with this?

>Ken Easlon
>ken@holonet.net

Mickey Rowe     (rowe@pender.ee.upenn.edu)
Newsgroups: sci.bio
From: andrick@sun.rhrk.uni-kl.de (Ulf Andrick [Biologie])
Subject: Re: family of Drosophila spp.
Cc: rambaut@castle.ed.ac.uk
Organization: University of Kaiserslautern, Germany
X-Newsreader: Tin 1.1 PL4
Distribution: sci
Date: Tue, 12 Jan 1993 15:12:01 GMT

robison1@husc10.harvard.edu (Keith Robison) writes:
: rambaut@castle.ed.ac.uk (A E Ram aut) writes:
: 
: >Please could someone tell me the family of flies that contains the
: >genus Drosophila.  This organism is so ubiquitous (in the literature)
: >that noone ever seems to give its taxonomy. This is very urgent and I
: >have no access to the library for the moment.
: 
: >Thanks alot.
: >Andrew
: 
: >p.s. probably a good idea to email me as I am sure noone else would be
: >in the slightest bit interested.
: 
: The taxonomy used by GenBank (the US DNA sequence repository) is:
: 
: Eukaryotae/Animalia/Metazoa/Arthropoda/Uniramia/Insecta/Pterygota/Neoptera
: /Holometabola/Diptera/Brachycera/Cyclorrhapha/Drosophila
: 
: There's obviously some additions to Linnaeus' scheme here, but I
: believe you can sort it out.

The only problem is: Where is the family? It should be between
Cyclorrhapha and Drosophila. The other information seems
rather trivial. (I think we all know that Drosophila is a
fly.)

So, the answer to the original question is Drosophilidae.
(Family names always end in -idae in zoology, and in this
case, Drosophila is the genus that gives the family its name.
Thus, the probability that the family affiliation has changed
is somewhat reduced. However, I can't grant that it is up to date.) 

: [...] 
: 
: Keith Robison
: Harvard University
: Department of Cellular & Developmental Biology
: Department of Genetics / HHMI
: 
: robison@biosun.harvard.edu 
: 

--
Ulf R. Andrick                                andrick@rhrk.uni-kl.de
FB Biologie - Tierphysiologie                 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Universitaet                         (Could be that this address is
D-W 6750 Kaiserslautern                    not valid in near future.)
Newsgroups: sci.bio
From: Thomas Bjorkman <Thomas_Bjorkman@cornell.edu>
Subject: Re: Info on brewing beer at home.
X-Xxdate: Wed, 6 Jan 93 13: 08:37 GMT
Nntp-Posting-User: tnb1@cornell.edu
Organization: Cornell University
X-Useragent: Nuntius v1.1.1d7
Date: Wed, 6 Jan 1993 18:04:30 GMT

In article <C0EIIA.n4x@ecf.toronto.edu> TOH CHUN-KIT, toh@ecf.toronto.edu
writes:
>This is to reduce the initial cost of getting the equipment. I am
>new to this subject and I am wondering if there is anybody out
>there with a working knowledge on home brewing. I would
>be most grateful for any suggestions or ideas.

I second just about everything Richard Winder put in his post.  I find
Charlie Papazian to be irritating.  I think he spent most of the writing
time following his own advice: "Relax, have a homebrew!"  A more concise,
less giggly account is in a book by Byron Burch with a similar title. 
Visit the homebrew shop; they are usually very good once they know what
kind of beer you are trying to make.
From: skaamjm@ucl.ac.uk (Matthew Moore)
Newsgroups: sci.bio
Subject: Re: bacteria
Date: 5 Jan 93 19:37:58 GMT
Organization: Bloomsbury Computing Consortium

tony@phsbbs.princeton.nj.us (Anthony Foglia) writes:

>By doing a lab in biology, I remarked that bacteria smelled. A
>friend's mother over heard me say this and contradicted my hypothesis. 
>She said that it wasn't the bacteria that smelled, but rather it was the 
>process of the bacteria rotting the broth that was used in the 
>experiment. Which one of us is right? I am also curious where I can find 
>more information on this topic.

If you fart, do you smell? If you smell of sweat, is it you that smells
of sweat, or is it the products of bacteria breaking down your sweat?
If you cook meat, does the meat smell, or is it the air around it?
From: nsmca@acad3.alaska.edu
Newsgroups: sci.bio
Subject: Coral Uses. c.1989
Date: 6 Jan 93 12:49:12 GMT
Article-I.D.: acad3.1993Jan6.044912.1
Organization: University of Alaska Fairbanks

Here is an idea that migth already have been thought of.
 
How about taking a coral like organism, make some modifications of its
genetic code to speed it up, and to program what it uses to make 'coral'
and maybe some other things. USe the different versions to make items.
Everything from Buildings to Nano-tech items/or chips..
 
After all if an organism can collect gold and when it dies leaves the gold
behind. See an article on Nome, Alaska Gold, and how it might actually have
been formed.. (there is no Mother Load, darn).. I live in Nome..
From: w.p.coyne@newcastle.ac.uk
Newsgroups: sci.bio
Subject: Re: Brainsize - the great brain race
Date: 5 Jan 93 16:01:02 GMT
Reply-To: w.p.coyne@newcastle.ac.uk
Organization: Chemical & Process Engineering Dept, University of Newcastle, UK.


  Another bit of trivial but possibly interesting information from the
article, which I forgot to include, so I'm doing it now, is:-
    
        WhY did brain size remain unchanging for 150 million years?

Mammal brain size barely changed between 200Ma (when mammals evolved)
until 65 Ma. Why?
A possible answer comes from some studies conducted on modern birds.
It was found that songbirds which stored food had a much bigger 
hippocampus than in non-storers.  Birds most active at twilight have 
larger olfactory bulbs than other species.

    The strange thing is that for all these birds the total brain
size is about the same.  Enlargement of one area is always accompanied 
by a reduction in size of one or more other areas.  This indicates that 
there might be constraints on total size.

   Whatever the solution of this is, it might explain why entire classes
of animals have approximately the same brain size.   It would then raise
the importance of those special times (200 Ma and 65 Ma for mammals and
2.5Ma for humans) during which groups of species broke out of their
contraints on brain size.
Newsgroups: sci.bio