HDTenEightyP/NetNews huggingface dataset:
From: mcia@uhura.cc.rochester.edu (Mike Ciaraldi)
Subject: Re-installing a Hardcard II XL 105
Keywords: Plus Quantum Hardcard
Organization: University of Rochester (Rochester, NY)
Date: Wed, 13 Jan 93 03:26:17 GMT

I just bought a Gateway 2000 486 DX/2-66, which is working fine.
The standard drive is a 340-Meg IDE.
I want to move the Hardcard from the old machine to the new one.

I moved the drive, and just copied the ATDOSXL.SYS driver file to the
root directory of the C drive, and added the line
DEVICE=\ATDOSSL.SYS
to my CONFIG.SYS file, and rebooted.

The driver doesn't indicate an error at boot time, but trying to
access the D-drive gives the message "invalid drive specificiation".

I tried QA-Plus, which is a diagnostic package.  It indicated
that the memory area C800-C9FF was recognized as ROM
(that's where the hardcard has its ROM).
It shows the IRQ 11 assigned to the second hard drive,
It even lists the second drive as 109Meg.
But I can't access the disk under DOS!

One last thing--I tried re-installing the driver software,
but it just gives errors.
During the installation procedure, it thinks the drive is 1 G-byte.
If I continue anyway, it says there is a read or write error
on the drive.
I was using the 1.50 version of the software,
but I got a copy of 1.70, and that has the same problem.

Anybody got any ideas?
Or if not, do you have Plus's technical support number?

Mike Ciaraldi
University of Rochester
mcia@uhura.cc.rochester.edu
Newsgroups: comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware
Subject: PC performance
From: gjo@brt.deakin.edu.au
Date: 7 Jan 93 09:42:11 EST
Organization: C&CS, Deakin University

I am looking for some guide to judge the performance of various PCs.
Obviously it is impractical to benchmarch all the available clone machines,
also it is hard to design a realistic benchmarch program.

What I would like is a sort of check list of mother board design features
that would tend to indicate that a system is a high performance system.

What started me thinking about this is that my AMD 386DX40 at home seems
faster than a i486DX33 we have at work. Both machines are similarly
configured with 8MB RAM. My home machine has a FOREX FR46C411, FRX46C402
chipset with 64K cache (20ns, 15ns tag). The work 486 has 128K cache
and a UMB (?) chipset.

I won't go on about which bus is best or video and disk performance because
that is another whole set of complicated issues.

Considering the currently available mid to high end processors, the
486DX33, DX2-50, DX50 and DX2-66 it would seem that actual raw compute power
depends only on the internal clock rate of the processor.

Moving data to and from the DRAM memory and I/O is where differences in
motherboard design (and external clock speed) come into play.

I believe the chipset on a PC mother board looks after
  Cache controller
  Memory Controller
  Bus Controller
funtions.

Which chip sets are the fastest?

Which type of second level cache is best?
(lots of buzz words: write through, write back, direct mapped etc. etc.)

Is second level cache much use?
(I think the IBM PS/2 Model 77 486DX2-66 doesn't have any!)

Are all ISA/VL-bus/EISA implementations created equal or are some
designs/chipsets superior to others for a particular bus type?

DX50 v DX2-66 which is better?
(I want to run X, and move bitmaps around, memory to video)


If I get enough responses I will post a summary.

Greg O'Sullivan
(gjo@brt.deakin.edu.au)
Newsgroups: comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware
From: Brandon.Vanevery@launchpad.unc.edu (Brandon Vanevery)
Subject: Who makes the "24-bit TSENG ET4000" card?
Organization: University of North Carolina Extended Bulletin Board Service
Date: Sun, 10 Jan 1993 01:07:02 GMT


There exists at least one TSENG ET4000 based card, that does 640 x 480 x
24-bit resolution.  People I've asked, have referred to it simply as "the
24-bit TSENG card."  What company/companies make such cards, what are the
model numbers?  I know it's not TSENG, because I called them and they only
do chips, not the cards themselves.

Brandon

--
   The opinions expressed are not necessarily those of the University of
     North Carolina at Chapel Hill, the Campus Office for Information
        Technology, or the Experimental Bulletin Board Service.
           internet:  laUNChpad.unc.edu or 152.2.22.80
Newsgroups: comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware
From: it1@ra.msstate.edu (Tim Tsai)
Subject: mis-aligned 1.44 meg drive
Followup-To: poster
Organization: Mississippi State University
Date: Sun, 10 Jan 1993 08:50:49 GMT


  I have a Mitsumi 1.44 meg drive that I believe is seriously
out-of-align.  Is there anything I can do to recalibrate the drive?
Thanks..

  Tim
  it1@ra.msstate.edu
From: michaelr@spider.co.uk (Michael S. A. Robb)
Newsgroups: comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware
Subject: Is it the trash-can for my Connor disk drive?
Date: 11 Jan 93 13:34:18 GMT
Organization: Spider Systems Limited, Edinburgh, UK.


  I have an IDE disk system with two Connor hard disk drives.
(first drive:40 Mbytes and the second drive: 210Mbytes)
Several days ago, the primary drive failed after 3.5 years 
fault free service (always parking the drive heads before
powering down, so no bad sectors). According to the system
diagnostic utilities, the hard disk drive test returns the
error message:

Error 710: Attachment failed to respond.

Since I hear the drive motor running and the drive heads
align themselves upon startup, I suspect the problem may be
the drive electronics rather than the drive itself (I tried
replacing the IDE controller card - that made no difference).

My questions are as follows: Is it possible to get the disk 
drive serviced, or will I just have to buy a replacement?

If I do buy a replacement, will the second drive (210Mb) have
to be repartitioned/formatted?

And finally, are there more reliable drives than Connor for a
similar price?

All E-mail Replies are welcome.
(please use "michaelr@spider.co.uk")

-- Michael


-- 
| Michael S. A. Robb     | Tel: +44 31 554 9424  | "..The problem with bolt-on
| Software Engineer      | Fax: +44 31 554 0649  |  software is making sure the
| Spider Systems Limited | E-mail:               |  bolts are the right size.."
| Edinburgh, EH6 5NG     | michaelr@spider.co.uk |             - Anonymous
Newsgroups: comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware
From: rene@erasmus.et.tudelft.nl (Rene Bodenstaff)
Subject: Re: SEAGATE 4096 80Meg MFM
Organization: Delft University of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering
Date: Mon, 11 Jan 1993 21:49:27 GMT

In article <1is6eeINNhaj@phakt.usc.edu>, hho@usc.edu (*** N.T.K.C.D. ***) writes:
> Hello world,
> 
> I have just acquired a Seagate 4096 80meg MFM drive. Unfortunately,
> my system has a RLL controller with a Mitsubishi 65Meg in it.
> 
> Will the Seagate be able to work with an RLL controller to get
> 26 sector/track instead of the 17??
> 
  I did they same with a 20 Mb MFM drive (st255 or something). In the
  beginning, everything was fine: the 20 Mb disk was upgraded to an
  32 Mb one and no problems whatsoever. But after only a few weeks
  the disk started to act strange. Sometimes it would only boot after a
  30 minute warming up period and it made strange noises when seeking. 
  Booting from this disk was even more fun: it made a hell of noise
  and seemed to seeks for its track 0 for 20 seconds or so (the hard
  clicks you hear when its heads are bouncing to the _origin pin_
  (this word was invented by me, I don't know the exact word :-) ). 

  Ok, to turn it short: after a few months the disk was totally trashed
  and I had to discard it. Then I bought a same disk and tried it again
  (I couldn't believe it won't work :-) ). This disk is still in my
  machine, but again I'm losing data...

  So as far as I can say: don't even think about it, buy an MFM controller
  for a few bucks... 

       ---< Sonic says: "more haste is more speed" >---
Newsgroups: comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware
From: bhenning@wimsey.bc.ca (Bill Henning)
Subject: Re: 386DX/40 VS. 486SX/25
Organization: Wimsey Information Services
Date: Sun, 10 Jan 1993 21:01:51 GMT

I've found the 386/40 w/ 64k cache to be faster than 25Mhz 486SX's, but your
mileage may vary according to your application.

Bill
From: dsc3pzp@nmrdc1.nmrdc.nnmc.navy.mil (Philip Perucci)
Newsgroups: comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware
Subject: Re: A20 problem
Date: 6 Jan 93 02:06:55 GMT
Organization: Naval Medical Research & Development Command

In article <1993Jan5.003438.28559@rhrk.uni-kl.de> GLO92420@acuvax.acu.edu (Ohlhausen Gaylan Leon) writes:
>At work we have one PC that keeps locking up.  The wierd thing is that it does
>this only in some applications always and in others sometimes and in others not
>at all.  When it does lock up, we cannot fix the problem with a CTRL-ALT-DEL or
>a Reset - when we do this, we get the following message(after HARD reset (turn
>off power) and before memory check)
>
>8042 GATE - A20 ERROR
>SYSTEM HALTED
>
>Programs that make the computer hang include 123 R31 and CXI3278C (an IBM 3278
>Emulator program)
>
>In windows when it hangs (only on some programs) I will get a "dump" across the
>top of the screen with (inbetween trash) words like CLOCK, AUX, TIMER, etc.
>
>Does anyone know what might be the probem here?  And how can I fix it?
>
>286-20 w/ 4MB ram
>AMI BIOS (I can get the date if it is needed)
>

According to BYTE magazine, this is due to old AMI BIOS.  Fixed in newer
versions.  A20 is hardware address line 20 on the ISA bus.  Toggles between
PC/XT 1MB memory mode and PC/AT 16MBish memory mode.  Wasn't really a problem
until newer software came along.  Upgrade to 386SX motherboard (one with recent
BIOS) if you can afford it.  Lots of options in Computer Shopper (US).


-- 
===========================================================================
  phil perucci      | "Any opinions expressed are solely my own views and 
  ssb1pzp@digex.com |  do not reflect the position of any organization"
===========================================================================
From: SRK106@psuvm.psu.edu (Senthil Ramas Kumar)
Newsgroups: comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware
Subject: Re: Stacker powers down my harddrive????!!
Date: 13 Jan 93 02:54:29 GMT
Organization: Penn State University

In my experience, I have found that the stacker SSWAP is a little buggy.  I
am not sure what exaclty the bug is, but it is a real wierd one.

For eg.  with the Stacked disk swapped,if there is a problem in the disk,
and I try to repair using Norton, I will get an error "disk read only", this
happens very rarely, not all the times.  But as soon asI remove the swapping
business, the problem seems to have been aleviated.

I have hence decided, NOT to SWAP any of my drives.

I am curious to hear about what other folkx have ot say about this.

Kumar
Xref: sparky comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware:35670 misc.forsale.computers.pc-clone:2575 misc.forsale.computers:45430
From: aross@digi.lonestar.org (Anthony Ross)
Newsgroups: comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware,misc.forsale.computers.pc-clone,misc.forsale.computers
Subject: *** Computer Hardware Forsale ***
Keywords: Sony, CalPak, TT Systems
Date: 12 Jan 93 18:30:03 GMT
Distribution: na
Organization: none


FORSALE:


1.)SONY 1304 14" Multi-Scan Monitor, 26.mm dot pitch, mint condition,
   with all documentation and original box. $475.00.

2.)CalPak 2400/9600 internal Modem/Fax with .V42-Bis/MNP-5.
   mint condition with all documentation and original box. $65.00.

3.)TT Systems Automatic Fax Switch. Makes your single phone line
   control up to three devices. Three outputs used for Fax,
   Answering Machine and voice line. Distinguishes between Fax and
   voice calls. Mint condition with all docmentation and original
   box. $40.00.


If interested, please send E-Mail to aross@digi.lonestar.org or call
(214) 517-3648 after 6:00 P.M. CST.
Newsgroups: comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware
From: lemson@ux1.cso.uiuc.edu (David Lemson)
Subject: Re: no game port on Gateway 2k systems?
Organization: University of Illinois at Urbana
Distribution: usa
Date: Wed, 6 Jan 1993 16:18:12 GMT

c23st@kocrsv01.delcoelect.com (Spiros Triantafyllopoulos) writes:

>In article <C0EBF5.EHL@andy.bgsu.edu> sarnold@andy.bgsu.edu (G. Steve Arnold) writes:
>>	If they're still shipping with the WD multi-port HD controller, the 
>>game port is built in. You just need to have them send you a joystick connector
>>to plug into the card and you're set. You could also probably pick one up at
>>a decent parts store for about a buck. If none of these workd, I'd just go 
>>out and get a Kraft joystick card for about $10 US. 

>It's a funny situation. A year back a friend and myself bought G2000's,
>I got the desktop (stupid me, it's huge) and my friend bought the
>tower. Both 486/33's.

>Both had the WD multi-port HD controller; mine had a joystick port in the
>back of the machine while my friend's only had it on the card but no
>space to plug it onto the box. He called Gateway to have one sent but
>I think they didn't sent it (or they did not have such a piece). Finally
>he bought a game card.

1.5 years ago I called GW for that cable after I got my system that
didn't have it, and they fedexed me a whole dual port game card.
-- 
David Lemson                                                (217) 244-1205
University of Illinois NeXT Campus Consultant / CCSO NeXT Lab System Admin
Internet : lemson@uiuc.edu                UUCP :...!uiucuxc!uiucux1!lemson 
NeXTMail & MIME accepted                           BITNET : LEMSON@UIUCVMD
From: slepert@cse.unl.edu (Steven Lepert)
Newsgroups: comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware
Subject: Help needed with an ATRAMBANK
Date: 4 Jan 1993 18:50:04 GMT
Organization: University of Nebraska--Lincoln	
Distribution: global
NNTP-Posting-Host: cse.unl.edu
Summary: Need info on an ATRAMBANK card
Keywords: ATRAMBANK card

I have a ram card in my computer that I would like to upgrade. All I can find
on the card as to what type and who made it is:  ATRAMBANK  rev 6  Made in Korea.  It has 2 8-bit dip switches and uses 256k chips.  There are four rows with 18 chips / row. The card was originaly found in an ACER 1100 16 mhz machine.
Any help would be greatly appreciated, Thanks.
Newsgroups: comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware
From: nmp@mfltd.co.uk (Nic Percival (x5336))
Subject: Motherboards
Reply-To: nmp@mfltd.co.uk
Organization: Micro Focus Ltd, Newbury, England
Date: Tue, 5 Jan 1993 11:29:03 GMT


Can someone tell me the difference between a 33MHz 486DX motherboard and
a 66MHz DX2 motherboard (except of course for the processor itself).
I found a company selling motherboards without processors, and they
were selling 33MHz 486 boards for a little less than 66MHz DX2 boards.
I thought that the boards were identical, as the external bus rate of the
two chips is the same, but I guess not.


Cheers,
-- 
  Nic Percival      |                               |
  Micro Focus       | "Anything is good and useful  |   nmp@mfltd.co.uk
  Newbury           |  if it's made of chocolate.." |   (0635) 32646 Ext 5336 
  Berks, RG13 1JT   |                               |
From: worley@a.cs.okstate.edu (WORLEY LAWRENCE JA)
Newsgroups: comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware
Subject: Re: Why do we read PC mags?
Date: 9 Jan 93 06:38:20 GMT
Organization: Oklahoma State University

From article <GERRY.93Jan8111215@onion.cmu.edu>, by gerry@cmu.edu (Gerry Roston):
> I recently resubscribed to PC Magazine, and after having received the
> January 26 issue, I must ask myself why.  The columnists are total
> morons, the hardware reviews are wrong, self-contradictory and biased,
> and the ads are not as good or plentiful as the Computer Shopper.
> 
> Seriously:
> Page 164: data for G2000 wrong... but page 193 its correct.
> Page 193: G2000 as Editors choice, but the review was mediocre and the
> chart nothing special.  The stuff they picked on, e.g., 64 kB cache is
> a simple and cheap problem to fix.
> Page 232: Tangent has 4 dots for upgradability, but the review
> specifically says it has limited upgradability.
> 
> Need I go on?  As these people on drugs or just plain stupid?
> Needless to say, of course, that these "reviews" are written so far
> ahead of press time, that by the time htey come out, most companies
> have changed their product line. 
> 
> Also, how about this.  The G2000 and the TriStar are basically
> identical machines.  They have the same graphics card and the same
> mother board.  So, why do they show different performance figures?
> Also, why do none of the reviews shows a WinMark benchmark for the ATI
> VLB of greater than 22 when it is advertised as 28 and people here
> have reported 29+? 
> 
> Sorry about the tirade.  However, I know that there are at least a 
> dozen readers of this bboard who could team up to produce a vastly
> superior journal.

I agree.  While there have been *some* good articles in these magazines,
the brunt of them seem to be catered to the "less-informed" user, the
casual shade-tree computer user that runs Word Perfect, Lotus and Windows
and thinks he's a computer expert (no offense if anyone in net-land only
uses these programs.)  I think that the majority of the people on the net
are beyond the scope of some/most of the magazine articles anyway.
However, Computer Shopper, while I like their articles better (and ads),
also suffers from the approx. 2-month lag in article-to-press time.  This 
is why you can often talk a vendor into a lower price than what's in the
"current" Comptuer Shopper.  They have to estimate the market two months
in advance, and sometimes the current market price is lower than their
estimates.  If you don't pry, they won't give in.  I have successfully
bargained for a better deal on two complete systems from two major
mail-order vendors (I don't care to name them, so please don't ask).

The main purpose I think these mags do, however, is to introduce new
products in a "brief" fashion.  I would hate to dig through thousands
of pages of technical-sheets each month looking at all the new products,
and try to decide what they could do for me.  

-Jason Worley
Newsgroups: comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware
From: gbrooksh@comanche.ess.harris.com (Greg Brookshire)
Subject: MAG 15 inch: anybody have one?
Date: Tue, 12 Jan 1993 15:45:11 GMT
Reply-To: gbrooksh@comanche.ess.harris.com
Organization: Harris Corporation, Government Aerospace Systems Division

I am thinking about buying a MAG 15 inch flat screen monitor.  Judging from
several ads and articles, it seems they are highly thought of, but I have
never actually seen one.

Does anybody out there have one?  And if so, what do you think of it?

Thanks,

Greg

---
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Greg Brookshire                                                   407-729-2464
gbrooksh@su100l.ess.harris.com
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
From: njawed@OAVAX.CSUCHICO.EDU (NASIM JAWED)
Newsgroups: comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware
Subject: HELP! IRQ trouble.
Date: 11 Jan 93 03:04:00 GMT
Reply-To: njawed@OAVAX.CSUCHICO.EDU
Organization: California State University, Chico
NNTP-Posting-Host: oavax.csuchico.edu


	I have a serial mouse attached to my motherboard on COM 1.  It's
supposed to be using IRQ 4, but it's using IRQ 3.  My modem is on COM 2 and is
also using IRQ 3.  My modem works fine, but my mouse doesn't respond, or
only partialy responds.  The software that came with the mouse only loads it
and tells which COM port it's located on- but not anything to configure the IRQ
line.  Is there any way to change the IRQ line that COM 1 uses?  If you can
help me, please e-mail or post.  Thanks.

						NJAWED
From: marklc@umbc3.umbc.edu (Mr. Mark L. Cohen)
Newsgroups: comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware
Subject: Re: Slow floppy drive access!!??!!
Date: 11 Jan 1993 10:00:35 -0500
Organization: University of Maryland, Baltimore County Campus
NNTP-Posting-Host: umbc4.umbc.edu

I had the same problem when setting up a 386/25 with AMI BIOS.  Everything was
fine except the floppy drives were VERY slow like you said.  The solution
was (aggrivatingly) simple -- turn on shadow RAM in your BIOS settings.  On
this computer after I did this, the floppy drives were fast like they should
be.

    Hope this helps...
      Mark Cohen   marklc@umbc7.umbc.edu
From: al885@cleveland.Freenet.Edu (Gerard Pinzone)
Newsgroups: comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware
Subject: 19.2K Baud for my HP LJ III?
Date: 4 Jan 1993 19:24:10 GMT
Organization: Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (USA)
Reply-To: al885@cleveland.Freenet.Edu (Gerard Pinzone)
NNTP-Posting-Host: hela.ins.cwru.edu


I'm trying to configure my machine so that my HP LJ III can operate
at 19.2k baud.

I'm using the mode command in dos, but it won't configure above 9600.

I have a High-speed modem and a 16550 UART in the I/O card.  Why doesn't
this work?!

-- 
   _______   ________   ________   "Small nose, loose girls, no nipples, (.|.)
  /   ___/  /  _____/  /  __   /   Iczer curls!"  -=-  Gerard Pinzone     ).(
 /   ___/  /  /____   /  __   /           gpinzone@tasha.poly.edu        ( v )
/______/  /_______/  /__/ /__/       Join the ECA Wehrmacht! Kill CM!     \|/
Newsgroups: comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware
From: wlsmith@valve.heart.rri.uwo.ca (Wayne Smith)
Subject: Re: MD: Sony's new Mini Disk technology
Organization: The John P. Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario
Distribution: na
Date: Tue, 12 Jan 1993 00:26:40 GMT

In article <1993Jan11.220701.718@njitgw.njit.edu> dic5340@hertz.njit.edu (David Charlap) writes:
>The next question is that of capacity.  If the MD player is at CD
>quality, it will record at about 44,000 16-bit samples per second.  I
>believe the time-limit of a MD is 74 minutes.  This yields 44,000 x 74
>x 60 = 195360000 or 186MW or 372MB.  This is unformatted, of course.

I *believe* that there is somewhere between 25% and 40% data redundancy
on audio CD's (to provide for error correction).  Also, you forgot that
there are 2 audio samples @ 44.1 khz, but I don't know if they are stored
at the full 16 bits or 14 bits per channel.  So there is more like 600 to
650 mb (at least) of possible data storage on a conventional audio CD,
which is also the figure quoted in CD-ROM advertisments.

>Now, comes the issue of speed.  Since the unit is meant to record live
>audio, it must be able to record at least 44,000 16-bit samples per
>second.  This comes up to 88,000 bytes per second, or 85K per second.
>A slow transfer rate, when compared to hard drives, but fast when
>compared to floppies.  As for seek time, who knows.  That much can't
>be derived from it's performance as an audio player.

The CD-rom drives that have been on the market since day one had a transfer
rate of 150k/sec, which is what you would expect out of an audio CD-player
(remember to double your figure above).  There have been new drives available
for some months now that are "double speed", ie they can transfer at 300 k/sec.
The specs (From IBM's Technical reference manual for their original PC) says
that the original 360k low density full-height 5.25" drives had a transfer rate
of 250k BITS per second (32000 bytes/sec).  A high-density drive is probably
doing 40-50k/sec.  The typical 20 MB hard drive in a 10 mhz PC-XT can easily do
150k/sec, and a typical 40 MB drive in a 10 or 12 mhz PC-AT can easily do
300 k/sec, if not 350 or 400 k/sec.
From: syn@austin.ibm.com (Thomas Burnett)
Newsgroups: comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware
Subject: twincom
Date: 8 Jan 93 21:07:57 GMT
Organization: IBM Austin
Originator: syn@inetnode.austin.ibm.com


Any comments about the Twicom 14.4DF internal with the 16550 uart.
-- 
><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><
IBM Advanced Workstations Division
Austin, TX
Newsgroups: comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware
From: kkoller@nyx.cs.du.edu (Capt. Sarcastic)
Subject: Check for 80x86 & Mhz - how???
Organization: University of Denver, Dept. of Math & Comp. Sci.
Date: Tue, 12 Jan 93 10:54:22 GMT

Anyone have a C snippet that returns the CPU type &/or Mhz?
 
Or an ASM snippet?

Or any snippet whatsoever???

--
Capt. Sarcastic      |The U.S. economy is dominated by monopolies.  In order to
(Kurt S. Koller)     |gain higher profits they exploit the U.S. workers as well
kkoller@nyx.cs.du.edu|as the population of the countries dependent on the U.S.A.