HDTenEightyP/NetNews huggingface dataset:
From: parks@bohr.physics.purdue.edu (Chris Parks)
Newsgroups: sci.optics
Subject: Continuum light source for blue and UV
Date: 5 Nov 92 14:28:46 GMT
Organization: Purdue University Physics Department


I need to find an intense continuum light source for wavelengths
from 300nm to 500nm.  I currently use a 600 Watt tungsten lamp with
my monochromator.

From what I've read, Xenon lamps seem to be a favorite choice.
So, if you use an intense Xenon lamp I would appreciate a recommendation
for a supplier and the ANSI code number for the lamp.  

Also, are there problems with producing ozone?

Chris Parks
parks@physics.purdue.edu
Xref: sparky sci.optics:1142 sci.physics:18419
From: elrsc@lut.ac.uk (RSChandran)
Newsgroups: sci.optics,sci.physics
Subject: Diffraction patterns from irregular slits
Date: 8 Nov 92 14:09:02 GMT
Organization: Loughborough University, UK.



Could anyone show me how to find information about the following
solution?

In most of the physics textbooks, informations are given on the
fact that how to calculate the difraction patterns from  a surface
containing regular slits(i.e.,similar length and widths). The question
is how does one find the patterns if the surface contains irregular
slits(i.e., diferent lengths and widths)?

Any pointers will be appreciated.


Thanks in advance.
From: boyadjia@montblanc.cica.fr (Alain Boyadjian)
Newsgroups: sci.optics
Subject: HELP MUELLER MATRIX
Date: 6 Nov 92 16:36:24 GMT
Organization: Telecom Paris, France


	I am a three year student at ENST (France), nowadays I work on

	the Mueller Matrix butI don't understand why we can express 
	
	Mueller Matrix in terms of the Jones Matrix "T", in the case of 

	depolarising optical system, whereas the Mueller Matrix is more

 	general. If anybody could help me I'll be very satisfated.
	
	I have all ready looked at the following reference :

	Ellipsometry and polarized light, R.M.A.Azzam, N.M.Bashara

	(see page 149).

	Thanks for you help.

	Best regards, Alain.


--





===============================================================================

BOYADJIAN ALAIN 		Email: boyadjia@eurecom.fr
Institut EURECOM		       boyadjia@eurecom.cica.fr
2229 route des cretes		       boyadjia@cal.enst.fr
06560 sophia antipolis 

===============================================================================
From: hnr@ecs.soton.ac.uk (Harvey Rutt)
Newsgroups: sci.optics
Subject: Re: Continuum light source for blue and UV
Date: 9 Nov 92 08:55:26 GMT

A Xenon arc produces the 'smoothest' continuum, but a Xe-Hg more
brightness in the region just below 250nm and above about 280nm, but
with much more structure.

You need a special power supply, and the lamps run *very* hot; I'd
stongly advise buying lamp+holder +psu together.

Ozone *must* be ducted away if you buy an ordinary lamp, severe health
hazard, but you can buy 'ozone free' lamps if you dont need short wave
UV. These have a coating (Ithink. or ? special glass envelope - anyone
know?) which cuts out short wave UV & stops ozone production.

Most optical suppliers do lamp systems; eg Lot-Oriel are well known
for them, but so are many others. The Oriel cat. has a good
introduction to these lamps. The lamps here in the UK are usually
Osram; powers from 75W to >>1kW, so depends what you want!
Harvey Rutt, Southampton UK

Newsgroups: sci.optics
From: swami@chtm.eece.unm.edu (Swami srinivasan)
Subject: Re: Laser optics
Date: Sat, 07 Nov 92 22:23:14 GMT
Organization: University of New Mexico, Albuquerque

In article <1de76vINNci8@usenet.INS.CWRU.Edu> aq061@cleveland.Freenet.Edu (Scott Devine) writes:

>I need a very cheap optical setup for a laser diode.  I want to have a dot
>the size of a quarter at the end of 750 yards.  I plan to use a 5mw laser
>diode.  I need to know the rest..

>_  //   Scott Devine (aq061@cleveland.freenet.edu)


	Let us look at the lateral direction first (we'll need high N.A.
optics to collect the light in the transverse direction). If your laser
diode has a stripe width of about 2 microns (low power, single lateral
mode narrow stripe laser), and your optics has a focal length of 5 cm,
the magnification at 750 yards will be 13500, i.e. an image width of
2.7 cm, roughly an inch. You will need a cylindrical lens and a
spherical lens (anamorphic lenses are probably expensive). 

	The beam divergence can be reduced first in the transverse
(vertical) direction using a (good) cyl. lens and then collimated in 
both directions by a spherical lens placed further away. If a 10mW 
diode isn't much more expensive, and you only need 5mW finally, the
optics need not be as good. 
 				
							   swami

But then, I could be mistaken! :-)

========================================================================
swaminathan srinivasan
center for high tech materials
eece, univ. of new mexico,
albuquerque, nm 87131, usa		swami@chtm.eece.unm.edu
========================================================================
Newsgroups: sci.optics
From: Allen Wallace <allen@dtint.dtint.com>
Subject: Re: Laser for a science fair
X-Xxdate: Fri, 13 Nov 92 17:14:34 GMT
Organization: Digital Technology International
X-Useragent: Nuntius v1.1.1d9
Date: Sat, 14 Nov 92 00:15:02 GMT

In article <1dtv06INNdp2@janus.hal.COM> Bob Schaugaard, bobs@hal.COM
writes:
>My son is in an 8th grade honors science class and is interested in doing
>a science fair project on lasers.  Is there an easy and inexpensive way
>to get a laser to work with?   How hard would it be to make one?
>Any suggestions or comments? Thanks in advance.

Try Meredith Instruments in Glendale, AZ. (800) 772-0392.

They have complete12 VDC Laser kits for $59.00

You can get tubes for $15 and power supplies from $40 to $60
-- 
---
root	                               root@dtint.dtint.com
Digital Technology Int.                (801)226-2984	
500 W. 1200 South, Orem UT, 84057      FAX (801) 226-8438
Newsgroups: sci.optics
From: sarfatti@well.sf.ca.us (Jack Sarfatti)
Subject: whining over multiple listings
Organization: Whole Earth 'Lectronic Link
Date: Thu, 12 Nov 1992 21:37:31 GMT


I find the following remarks by bhoughto enlightening and sensible:
I think Houghton's remarks make sense.

From: bhoughto@sedona.intel.com (Blair P. Houghton)
Subject: Re: Splitting physics conference&multiple listings.
Date: 11 Nov 1992 18:36:00 GMT
Organization: Intel Corp., Chandler, Arizona
NNTP-Posting-Host: alfalfa.intel.com

In article <BxIM4v.26L@well.sf.ca.us> sarfatti@well.sf.ca.us (Jack
Sarfatti) wri
tes:
>I suggest that sci.physics be split into three sub-conferences:

First of all, they're newsgroups, not conferences, no
matter what your vendor-copyrighted software wants to
believe;

second, except for those times we disagree on issues of
no import, the volume isn't large enough to mandate a
split;

third, if your suggested groups were any more silly they'd
be in the new Disney movie or an Erich von Danneken book.

>I volunteer to edit 2.

BWAAAAAAAA-HAHAHAHAHAHAHAAAHAHAAAAAAAAAA.

>I notice lots of multiple postings between sci. math and sci.physics - yet
>when I put some optics related stuff in sci.optics I was immediately
jumped
>upon for wasting bit space with multiple listings - what gives?
>I was told that the objection had nothing to do with
>content or value of the posting.

What gives is that they're even more clueless than you are.
Crosspostings don't take up significantly more space than
unitary postings, except on pathological news-storage systems,
wherein the implementor has brought his inefficiencies wholly
upon himself.

>PS the review of Gleick's book etc. would be in 3 - I
>volunteer to edit 3 as well.

Create them as alt.* groups and see how they run before you
try to alter the fabric of the net.universe.

                                --Blair
                                  "IMHO"

Newsgroups: sci.optics,sci.physics
From: campo@sunthpi3.difi.unipi.it (Massimo Campostrini)
Subject: Re: Diffraction patterns from irregular slits
Organization: Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
Date: Mon, 9 Nov 1992 19:32:05 GMT

In article <1992Nov8.140902.28735@lut.ac.uk> elrsc@lut.ac.uk (RSChandran) writes:

>  Could anyone show me how to find information about the following
>  solution?
>
>  In most of the physics textbooks, informations are given on the
>  fact that how to calculate the difraction patterns from  a surface
>  containing regular slits(i.e.,similar length and widths). The question
>  is how does one find the patterns if the surface contains irregular
>  slits(i.e., diferent lengths and widths)?
>
>  Any pointers will be appreciated.
>
>
>  Thanks in advance.

   Any good textbook should give enough information to compute difraction
patterns from arbitrary slits (well, to express the pattern as integrals;
in the usual examples the integrals are computable in closed form, your
case may need numerical integration).
   I suggest Landau-Lifshitz, Theoretical Physics, vol 2, pars 59-61.

--
        Massimo Campostrini
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa,
Piazza Torricelli 2, I-56126 Pisa, Italy  ||  Phone: (+39)(50)42093
Internet: campo@sunthpi3.difi.unipi.it    ||  Fax:   (+39)(50)48277
From: Chris Hanson <chanson@igc.apc.org>
Newsgroups: sci.optics
Date: 07 Nov 92 22:12 PST
Subject: Uses of Scandium and Osmium
Nf-ID: #N:cdp:1468300001:000:317
Nf-From: cdp.UUCP!chanson    Nov  7 22:12:00 1992


I am doing some research into current uses of Scandium 
and Osmium 187.  Does anyone have information on
how these substances are used in industry and
manufacturing?  I am especially interested in
identifying end-users.

Thanks for your help.

Chris Hanson
chanson@igc.org
Telephone:  415-988-1155
Fax:  415-988-9209

Newsgroups: sci.optics
From: wtsang@athena.mit.edu (Pui Ho Wilson Tsang)
Subject: shadow moire with 60/40 gratings
Keywords: shadow moire
Organization: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Date: Wed, 11 Nov 1992 23:14:22 GMT

The formula w=Np/tan(alpha) applies to collimated light source and viewing
at infinite using a 50/50 grating.  Is there a simple correction factor under
the same conditions with a 60/40 grating (or, in general, a non-50/50 grating)?
Thanks in advance.

Wilson
From: hnr@ecs.soton.ac.uk (Harvey Rutt)
Newsgroups: sci.optics
Subject: Re: Laser optics
Date: 13 Nov 92 08:50:42 GMT

The solution as given is very close to diffraction limited (without
doinf the calculations! - but its certainly close.) The optics will
have to be of good quality & the diode single transverse mode. Also
with F2 optics as given aberration will be an issue, a simple glass
singlet surely won't do it?
Incidentally a 5mW 1cm diameter beam is potentially dangerous, though
not terribly so; it would almost certainly be illegal to project it
'publically' in the UK without due precaution.
Xref: sparky sci.optics:1152 sci.physics:18625 sci.materials:882
From: jjfink@skcla.monsanto.com
Newsgroups: sci.optics,sci.physics,sci.materials
Subject: Optical Devices vs. EMP
Date: 10 Nov 92 14:09:58 GMT
Article-I.D.: skcla.1992Nov10.140958.1
Organization: Searle, Skokie, IL

I was reading some articles research toward optical computing, and a thought
occurred to me:  Would a GaAs- or Silicon-based optical computer be subject to
electromagnetic pulse effects?  I don't know the physics of the EMP, only that
they damage operating semiconductors (please feel free to correct me).

Please e-mail to me, as I don't even usually lurk here.

Joel
-- 
jjfink@skcla.monsanto.com
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"I want peace on earth, and goodwill towards man."
"We don't do that kind of thing, we're the United States Government!"
  -- from _Sneakers_
Newsgroups: sci.optics
From: palmer@sfu.ca (Leigh Palmer)
Subject: Re: Uses of Scandium and Osmium
Organization: Simon Fraser University
Date: Fri, 13 Nov 1992 23:37:16 GMT

Osmium is the densest of materials at ambient environmental pressures. It could
well be used as keel ballast in expensive racing sailboats. I understand that
depleted uranium is a popular choice for this purpose. Osmium would be better. 

Another possible use is in the counterfeiting of gold ingots. Is osmium cheaper
than gold? I'm afraid I'm not up on the prices of obscure commodities. Of
course the counterfeit ingots could be used for smuggling osmium if the price
or duty imbalance goes the other way.

I guess you can tell it's Friday afternoon.

Leigh
Newsgroups: sci.optics
From: sarfatti@well.sf.ca.us (Jack Sarfatti)
Subject: Question re: double refraction interferometry
Organization: Whole Earth 'Lectronic Link
Date: Wed, 11 Nov 1992 21:17:10 GMT


Query:double-refraction interferometer.

#1 Consider the following experiment. Ordinary light source. Linear
polarizer followed by calcite rhomb oriented such that half of the incident
polarized light takes extraordinary (ordinary) path.  A half-wave plate
oriented so that it rotates linear polarization of ordinary ray by 90
degrees making it parallel to polarization of extraordinary ray.  Both rays
are passed through a half-silvered beam splitter and the two outputs (+.-)
go to two different counters. If phi is the relative phase difference of
the two paths entering the splitter, then is it not true that the
probabilities of counting a photon (ideal detectors of 100% efficeincy)
will be essentially

p(+) = [1 + cos(phi)]/2

p(-) = [1 - cos(phi)]/2

Is there some intrinsic noise making phi a random variable such that
cos(phi) is always washed out in the statistical average? If that were so,
there would be an effective superselection rule forbidding coherent
recombination of the extraordinary and ordinary rays even though a half-
wave plate has brought them into the same polarization state. What are the
facts?
Newsgroups: sci.optics
From: sarfatti@well.sf.ca.us (Jack Sarfatti)
Subject: Picture of photon-pair interferometer.
Organization: Whole Earth 'Lectronic Link
Date: Fri, 13 Nov 1992 22:17:47 GMT


Sarfatti quantum connection communication gedankenexperiment



receiver                                   transmitter

p(e')  ------       pair source              ------  e+    _ e^iphi e+
-------|    |   b      ---   a               |    |-------|_|-------\
p(o')  |    |  <--     | |  -->              |    | o- _    o+      |
-------|    |          ---                   |    |---|_|----------__|
       ------                                ------ 1/2 wave
                                                                single
c                                                               counter
       calcite  (angle theta between them)   calcite


p(e') = [1 + sin(2theta)cos(phi - arg<a,e,+|a,o,+>)]/2

p(o') = [1 - sin(2theta)cos(phi - arg<a,e,+|a,o,+>)]/2

p(transmitter counter) = 1

p(e') + p(o') = 1

so local probabilities add to 1 on each side.

The o- 1/2 wave plate and e-phase plate changes entangled pair state

!a,b> = {|a,e,+>|b,e,+> + |a,o,->|b,o.->}/sqrt2

to

|a,b>' = {e^iphi|a,e,+>|b,e,+> + |a,o,+>|b,o.->}/sqrt2

but  |a,o,+> = |a,e,+>e^iarg<a,e,+|a,o,+>

|<a,e,+|a,o,+>| = 1

because the 1/2 wave plate makes |a,e,+> and |a,o,+> have the same
polarization so they are not orthogonal or linearly dependent.

Therefore |a,b>' is disentangled or split into two separate 1-photon states

|a,b>' = |a,e,+> |b>

|b> = {e^iphi|b,e,+> + [e^iarg<a,e,+|a,o,+>]|b,o.->}/sqrt2

p(e') = |<e'|b>|^2

p(o') = |<o'|b>|^2

One can argue that local unitarity for arbitrary 1-photon superpositions
implies

phi - arg<a,e,+|a,o,+> = pi/2

so that the quantum connection signal

p(e') - p(o') = sin(2theta)cos(phi - arg<a,e,+|a,o,+>) = 0

But it is not clear that this argument works for the pair state since

'<a,b|a,b>' = 1

without that condition.

Let experiment decide!






PS There is an analogy to double slit experiment. It is as if the "screen"
has only two resolution-limited places for the (receiver) photon to arrive.
Each screen location has "fringes" - if e' is bright then o' is dark etc.
The "two slits" correspond to the e and o alternative histories (in
Feynman's sense) for the twin transmitter photon (a) initially connected to
receiver photon b. The photon pair (a,b) is in a certain sense one nonlocal
inseparable "superphoton".

Without the half-wave plate the receiver photon b does not have its own
wavefunction it is in a "mixed" density matrix of non-zero entropy from
tracing over the entangled orthogonal transmitter photon states. But,
the half-wave plate disentangles the quantum "knot" so that the receiver
photon gets its own pure state |b> of zero entropy.  This will work
provided that phi - arg<a,e,+|a,o,+> is not equal to pi/2 as a 1-photon
argument would imply from local unitarity.  This is what the experiment will
test for! This experiment is a fundamental test of causality in the usual
sense.
Newsgroups: sci.optics
From: Bob.Clarke%bbs@actcnews.res.utc.com (Bob Clarke)
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 92 16:03:05 EDT
Organization: United Technologies Research Center
Subject: Laser Marking Materials
Distribution: world
X-Posting-Software: UnixBBS 1.02a S/N 190921

LASER MARK MATERIALS
 
I am working on a project to replace mechanically made metal
nameplates with laser marked nameplates.  Using a ND-YAG marking
system to remove ink from an aluminum plate works but is not ideal
because you have to stock different blank sizes.  Also the ink does
not provide great resolution for a complicated company trade mark.
 
I have only found one material made specifically for laser marking, 
TESA LASER LABEL 6930, it is a self adhesive acrylic on acrylic
design.  The laser removes the top layer revealing a contrasting
color lower layer.  The acrylic is rated to 200C.
 
Does anyone know any other laser marking materials on the market
that are good to 200C or more?  Our application is jet engine
mounted so we really do need a high temperature material.
 
Please do not E-mail me, for it isn't working.
--
Bob Clarke, user of the UnixBBS System @ actcnews.res.utc.com
E-Mail: Bob.Clarke%bbs@actcnews.res.utc.com
========================================================================
   United Technologies Corporation
   Opinions expressed do not necessarily represent UTC.
From: hnr@ecs.soton.ac.uk (Harvey Rutt)
Newsgroups: sci.optics
Subject: Re: Uses of Scandium and Osmium
Date: 11 Nov 92 16:48:21 GMT

Scandium is used in some laser host crystals such as GSGG, Gadolinium
Gallium Scandium Garnet, Gd3Sc2Ga3O12 **I think** and a few others, so
crystal growers/laser people use it. Personally i know of no other
use, & recall some comment in my school chemistry book to the effect
that it was one of the few useless elements (pre GSGG!)

You pick out Os 187, a rare 1.6% stable isotope. Osmium is used in
some rare metal alloys (pen knibs is the well known one). The
tetroxide, OsO4 is used in solution by biologists to stain/fix
thhings. In the gas phase (its a volatile solid) it has found use to
frequency stabilise CO2 lasers, but the *amount* used is minute! Also
was used in multi photon dissociation expts with CO2 lasers. OsO4 is
very dangerous, the vapour attacks the surface of the eye instantly
blackening it. All this is natural Os mixed isotopes; can you buy
Os!87?
I have an idea the fountain pen firm (?still exists?) 'Osmiroid' or
similar got its name from 'Osmium-Iridium' alloy used in pen knibs.

You sure picked a couple of good ones to explore uses for!

Harvey Rutt, Southampton UK

Xref: sparky sci.optics:1149 sci.physics:18550
From: platt@watson.ibm.com (Daniel E. Platt)
Newsgroups: sci.optics,sci.physics
Subject: Re: Diffraction patterns from irregular slits
Date: 9 Nov 92 19:30:11 GMT
Organization: IBM T.J. Watson Research Center
Disclaimer: This posting represents the poster's views, not necessarily those of IBM

In article <CAMPO.92Nov9143205@sunthpi3.difi.unipi.it>, campo@sunthpi3.difi.unipi.it (Massimo Campostrini) writes:
|> In article <1992Nov8.140902.28735@lut.ac.uk> elrsc@lut.ac.uk (RSChandran) writes:
|> 
|> >  Could anyone show me how to find information about the following
|> >  solution?
|> >
|> >  In most of the physics textbooks, informations are given on the
|> >  fact that how to calculate the difraction patterns from  a surface
|> >  containing regular slits(i.e.,similar length and widths). The question
|> >  is how does one find the patterns if the surface contains irregular
|> >  slits(i.e., diferent lengths and widths)?
|> >
|> >  Any pointers will be appreciated.
|> >
|> >
|> >  Thanks in advance.
|> 
|>    Any good textbook should give enough information to compute difraction
|> patterns from arbitrary slits (well, to express the pattern as integrals;
|> in the usual examples the integrals are computable in closed form, your
|> case may need numerical integration).
|>    I suggest Landau-Lifshitz, Theoretical Physics, vol 2, pars 59-61.

If the slits are normal slits, the integrals for any one slit is pretty
straight forward.  If you mean by 'irregular' that you have variable
slit sizes and distances from each other, then what you need to do is
sum over the phases for all the slits, keeping track of the various
sizes and locations.

One thing that might work is if you know something about the distribution
of slit sizes and displacements.  Then, you can expand (where appropriate)
about the average, and solve.  For example, if the slit widths are variable,
but narrow enough, the diffraction produced by them will be much broader than
the diffraction produced by the arrangement of slits (another incarnation of
the quantum uncertainty principal).  Statistical variations in that width
will not be as important as variations in the slit spacings.  If you can
write the location of the n'th slit as s*n + d_n for s being the average
spacing, and d_n as some displacement whose statistical distribution you
know, you can integrate out the d_n's and then do the sum (in that order).
If the d_n's are Gaussian, it can be easy to calculate the integrals.  The
effect will be to give another broad profile, similar to the profile due
to the thickness of the individual slits.  The sum over n should just leave
the exp(i ksn cos(theta)) to sum over, which is easy enough.

Hope this helps...

Dan


-- 
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Daniel E. Platt                                      platt@watson.ibm.com
The views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of my employer.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Newsgroups: sci.optics
From: writings@athena.mit.edu (Writers Club)
Subject: This group's history
Followup-To: lfworld@aip.org
Organization: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Date: Mon, 9 Nov 1992 21:53:51 GMT

I'm working on an article for Laser Focus World about resources for
optics and electro-optics people on Internet.
Could someone tell me how long this group has been around?
Do you find it useful (ie high signal/noise and enough signal to bother
reading)?
Also, could you point me at other newsgroups, databases, mailing lists, or
whatever, that would interest people involved with optics, lasers,
detectors, fiberoptics, or imaging?

Please reply to lfworld@aip.org

-Yvonne Carts

Newsgroups: sci.optics,sci.physics
From: mcduff@newton.physics.uq.oz.au (Rodney Mcduff)
Subject: Re: Diffraction patterns from irregular slits
Organization: Physics Dept. The University of Queensland
Date: Mon, 9 Nov 1992 01:59:28 GMT

Try doing a 2D FFT on the aperture function
-- 

  +-------------------------+------------------------------------------+
  |        _   ^   _        | Rodney McDuff                            |
  |       |\  /|\  /|       | Physics Department                       |
  |         \  |  /         | The University of Queensland             | 
  |          \ | /          | St. Lucia, Brisbane                      |
  |           \|/           | Queensland, Australia. 4072.             |
  |   <--------+-------->   |                                          |
  |           /|\           | TELEPHONE: +61 7 365 3424                |
  |          / | \          | INTERNET:mcduff@newton.physics.uq.oz.au  |  
  |         /  |  \         | FACSIMILE: +61 7 365 1242                |
  |       |/  \|/  \|       |                                          |
  |        -   v   -        |                                          |
  +-------------------------+------------------------------------------+    


Newsgroups: sci.optics