HDTenEightyP/NetNews huggingface dataset:
From: stephens@chuma.ec.usf.edu. (Daniel Stephens (CSC))
Newsgroups: sci.archaeology
Subject: Films on Black Nationalism in America
Date: 28 Dec 92 15:48:20 GMT
Organization: Univ. of South Florida, College of Arts & Sciences


     I have been asked by a faculty member here at the University of
South Florida's department of African-American studies to find films
which depict Black Nationalism in America.  Yes, it's a rather vague
request, but I'm sure that, given enough input, one can find specifics
relating to this phenomina lurking about.  Any input is welcome.  If you
know of any film or films which might display Black Nationalism, please send
their titles and, if convenient, the director's name to the address
below.  Thank you in advance.




stephens@chuma.csc.usf.edu
	or
dstephen@cfrvm.cfr.usf.edu


Daniel Stephens
Center for Scientific Computing
University of South Florida
From: jlove@ivrit.ra.itd.umich.edu (Jack Love)
Newsgroups: sci.archaeology
Subject: Re: First city and longest continuously inhabited city?
Date: 30 Dec 1992 18:04:59 GMT
Organization: /usr/local/trn/lib/organization
Distribution: usa
NNTP-Posting-Host: ivrit.ra.itd.umich.edu

In article <1992Dec28.215614.29122@rchland.ibm.com> lwloen@rchland.vnet.ibm.com writes:
>As long as this came up, can someone enlighten me?  I have read only the
>"popular" archaeology sources, but what I've gathered from this indicates
>that "Jerico" is, strictly speaking, a series of cities (some of which are
>on both sides of a nearby river??).  While I have read that the Joshua
>conquest is not established (not surprising, since there is at least a 200
>year difference in when the Exodus took place depending on whom you read),
>that there may well have been a time around the Israelite monarchy, plus
>or minus a few hundred years, where the place was not inhabited for some time
>(a few centuries), which does square with the Biblical account.  I believe
>there are also other "breaks" in the wall-building earlier on, too.
>
>I guess this boils down to a question of what "continous" means.  If a city
>was levelled repeatedly in ancient times, presumably it may well have gone
>uninhabited for some time (sowing salt around Carthage comes to mind as another
>such example).  Were there breaks in Jerico's occupation of more than a few
>years?

I'll do the best I can with this within the limits of my desk chair. The 
problem with answering this question is that we are dealing, among 
other things, with an argument ex silencio. Since no destruction layer
has turned up for Jericho in any of the periods that historians would
associate with the period of the Israelite conquest (thereby muting
the question of when that conquest may have precisely occurred), many
have been tempted to argue that the violent conquest of the place by
Israelites never happened. But any argument ex silencio is only as strong
as the next dig. It is very rare for an entire site to be excavated, and
most sites occupy more or less space with time, generally oscillating
through the periods. Therefore some subsequent dig might indeed find a 
destruction layer elsewhere in the vicinity. I have also read some
speculation that Jericho of that era might be located a few miles in
one direction or another from the current site. Finally, the Biblical
evidence is not entirely clear about the nature of the conquest it
is describing. Was there perhaps an earthquake which breached the 
smaller walls of the Jericho of that period?

Disclaimer: I am not an apologist for "Biblical veracity," and I
probably agree with those who say that there should not be a 
discipline known as "Biblical archaeology." 

-- 
________________________________________
Jack F. Love	| 	Opinions expressed are mine alone.
		|	(Unless you happen to agree.)
From: hecate@ac.dal.ca
Newsgroups: sci.archaeology
Subject: re:elks, plus bone and stone
Date: 23 Dec 92 13:56:02 -0400
Organization: Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada

From what I have heard, elks = reindeer = caribou.
Anyone else know the exact taxonomic relationship
between these creatures.

On the subject of antler, my sister gave me some
very nicely cured deer antler, and one piece of
what I can only surmise to be moose antler, due
to it's shape and hardness. I carve as a hobby, and
it is a real education learning how to deal with
antler instead of wood. The deer is workable, 
the moose is next to impossible! VERY tough stuff.
I use a Foredom tool, and find it hard. My respect
for the people who carved this stuff twenty-odd
thousand years ago increases with every piece
I make. They didn't have power tools. Their hands
must have been almost as hard as the antler :-)

I can see how it would be perfect for certain knapping
jobs. Wjile I'm on that subject, what stone readily
available in Nova Scotia is good for making tools
out of? Where can one get (mail-order??) good flint?
I had some years ago, as a kid, but alas! it's long since
gone.

Julia Holland
Newsgroups: sci.archaeology
From: hcp@csx.cciw.ca (H.C. Pulley)
Subject: Re: elks, plus bone and stone
Organization: Canada Centre for Inland Waters
Date: Thu, 24 Dec 1992 03:50:44 GMT

In article <1992Dec23.234858.8201@pixel.kodak.com> young@clpd.kodak.com writes:
>In article <1992Dec23.135602.9750@ac.dal.ca> hecate@ac.dal.ca writes:
>>From what I have heard, elks = reindeer = caribou.
>>Anyone else know the exact taxonomic relationship
>>between these creatures.
>
>	I don't know about Canada, but in the U.S., reindeer = caribou, and
>	elk is something a little different.  From my limited sources, the
>	caribou (genus Rangifer) is the North American variety of reindeer,
>	while the elk is Cervus canadensis, or more properly called "wapiti"
>	in common usage, not "elk."  In Europe, the elk is Alces alces, and
>	is related to what we call the moose, Alces americana.  I believe
>	they are ALL in the family Cervidae, but then I just got all this
>	out of a dictionary, so I could be wrong!

In Canada, the elk is considered different than caribou.  The elk do not 
inhabit very much of Canada though.  The elk is much bigger than a caribou 
(elk bulls weigh to 1000 lbs, caribou bulls only to 300 lbs).  Caribou live in
a much larger area of Canada than elk.

"Wapiti" is an indian name for elk (sorry, I don't know what nation).  (Is 
that enough of a reference to archaeology that I won't be frowned upon for 
posting it here?  Not quite: I didn't think so...).

Harry
-- 
         hcp@csx.cciw.ca          |This message released|It takes all kinds,
   hcpiv@grumpy.cis.uoguelph.ca   |to the PUBLIC DOMAIN.|and to each his own.
----------------------------------+---------------------|This thought in mind,
Stay away from the DOS side, Luke!|Un*x don't play that.|I walk alone.
From: mikeross@uniwa.uwa.edu.au (Mike Ross)
Newsgroups: sci.archaeology
Subject: roman britain
Date: 30 Dec 1992 23:04:21 +0800
Organization: The University of Western Australia
NNTP-Posting-Host: uniwa.uwa.edu.au
X-Newsreader: Tin 1.1 PL5


Newsgroups: sci.archaeology,sci.anthropology
From: claird@NeoSoft.com (Cameron Laird)
Subject: Fluvial paradise (was: Which Came First, Agriculture or Pastorialism?)
Organization: NeoSoft Communications Services -- (713) 684-5900
Date: Mon, 28 Dec 1992 13:22:59 GMT

In article <BzwMCH.FIt@well.sf.ca.us> dchapman@well.sf.ca.us (Dave Chapman) writes:
>First, I would like to thank everyone who responded to my
>original post.  The score so far seems like:
			.
			.
			.
>It is likely that the upper paleolithic cultures had distinct sub-cultures,
>based on food sources.  Groups which hunted migratory animals probably
>lived like migratory indians of the North American plains.  Groups which
>relied on fish, shellfish, or very fertile land were more settled.
>When the neolithic began, these existing cultural variations would
>be amplified.  
>
>dave
Those speculating on cultural evolution do well to
remember, as Mr. Chapman reminds us, that we need
more categories than the hunting-gathering vs.
agricultural vs. pastoral scheme into which it's
easy to lapse.  In particular, indigenous economies
based on harvesting aquatic resources are quite
interesting.
-- 

Cameron Laird
claird@Neosoft.com (claird%Neosoft.com@uunet.uu.net)	+1 713 267 7966
claird@litwin.com (claird%litwin.com@uunet.uu.net)  	+1 713 996 8546
From: jlove@ivrit.ra.itd.umich.edu (Jack Love)
Newsgroups: sci.archaeology
Subject: Re: First city and longest continuously inhabited city?
Date: 22 Dec 1992 14:45:47 GMT
Organization: /usr/local/trn/lib/organization
Distribution: usa
NNTP-Posting-Host: ivrit.ra.itd.umich.edu

In article <1992Dec22.071052.22805@u.washington.edu> wcalvin@stein.u.washington.edu (William Calvin) writes:
>>   Jerico also has, I believe, the dubious distinction of being the
>>first city to be destroyed by conquest.  (Can't remember the reference.)
>Jericho was always getting destroyed; there are about four major
>earthquakes per century in that rift valley (where the African and Arabian
>plates meet), and sometimes the attacks on the city coincided with one
>(Josha?).  But there are springs in the hillside above the modern city,
>and so settlements there were always rebuilt.  There are some older
>settlements in Turkey, closer to 12,000 years old, but not continuously
>inhabited.


I agree with the above, but what is quite fascinating is the fact that
although there are, as you indicated, several destruction layers,
*none* of them seem to correspond to the period of Joshua. (What no
trumpets?) This has led to an ongoing battle (sorry) over the subject
of the veracity of the Biblical material regarding the conquest of the
territory by the Israelite tribes.

-- 
________________________________________
Jack F. Love	| 	Opinions expressed are mine alone.
		|	(Unless you happen to agree.)
Newsgroups: sci.archaeology
From: koellner@galaxy.fernuni-hagen.de (Johnnie Walker)
Subject: Re: The UNIQUE Egyptian Brick Pyramid !!!
Organization: FernUniversitaet Hagen
X-Newsreader: Tin 1.1 PL5
Date: Wed, 23 Dec 1992 23:09:20 GMT

Brian J Ross (bross@spartan.ac.BrockU.CA) wrote:
: I wonder if the inscription includes any mention of whether the spacecraft
: used to transport the bricks used neutron-pulse or gravitron engines.
Actually, I just talked to some Extraterrestians I met lately, they said that 
NO ONE in the universe would bother to organize all that hyper-technological
efforts just to assemble another of those boring antique-tomb-imitations.
You have to fill in SEVEN forms just to get ONE Stone-O-Matic 60-ton
in-place stone caster, and you need at least TWENTY of them to build
the standard Pyramid within an acceptable weekend's time... Not to mention
the Pseudo-Pharao-curriculum-vitae-generators for the hieroglyphic texts
inside!

Followups via snail mail to Erich von Daeniken, please.

--
Peter Koellner 
Student of Idiocy at the university of Dortmund
EMAIL:koellner@fernuni-hagen.de
From: wcalvin@stein.u.washington.edu (William Calvin)
Newsgroups: sci.archaeology
Subject: Re: First city and longest continuously inhabited city?
Date: 22 Dec 92 07:10:52 GMT
Article-I.D.: u.1992Dec22.071052.22805
Distribution: usa
Organization: University of Washington

dchapman@well.sf.ca.us (Dave Chapman) writes:

>In article <1992Dec21.232211.421@cs.wisc.edu> rcmolden@parmesan.cs.wisc.edu (Robertc. Moldenhauer) writes:
>>The longest continuously inhabited city is considered to be Jericho, in the
>>Israeli occupied West Bank, which was a town of 1 to 2 000 in the Pre Pottery
>>Neolithic period (8500 - 7500 BCE).

>   Jerico also has, I believe, the dubious distinction of being the
>first city to be destroyed by conquest.  (Can't remember the reference.)

Jericho was always getting destroyed; there are about four major
earthquakes per century in that rift valley (where the African and Arabian
plates meet), and sometimes the attacks on the city coincided with one
(Josha?).  But there are springs in the hillside above the modern city,
and so settlements there were always rebuilt.  There are some older
settlements in Turkey, closer to 12,000 years old, but not continuously
inhabited.
    William H. Calvin   WCalvin@U.Washington.edu
From: roseman@hal.COM (Marc Roseman)
Newsgroups: sci.archaeology
Subject: Re: Egyptian Race
Date: 22 Dec 92 22:30:29 GMT
Organization: HaL Computer Systems, Inc.
NNTP-Posting-Host: quality.hal.com

Herodotus (sp) in his book "The Histories", goes into quite a bit of
detail on Egyptian customs, legends, and day to day life.  When he 
was discussing other countries in the area, one of the ones he mentions
is Ethiopia, "whose people, unlike the egyptians to the north, are black
skinned".  Keep in mind that I read a translation of his works, and that
he was writing about 400 bc, not 1000 or 2000 bc.

As far as the origins of the egyptians, the contemporary egyptian belief
(about 2500 - 2000 bc) was that they were a nomadic people who wandered
throughout the sahara for tens of thousands of years, until it eventually
turned into a desert, and they were forced to resettle.  These theories
were discounted until this century, when it was discovered that the sahara
turned into a desert fairly recently on the geological scale.
Newsgroups: sci.archaeology,sci.anthropology,bionet.plants
From: dchapman@well.sf.ca.us (Dave Chapman)
Subject: Which Came First, Agriculture or Pastorialism? 
Organization: Whole Earth 'Lectronic Link
Date: Sun, 27 Dec 1992 06:07:29 GMT

First, I would like to thank everyone who responded to my
original post.  The score so far seems like:

1.  The evidence suggests that agriculture came first, but is not
at all definite.

2.  When talking about pastorialism, we are not talking about animals
like the dog or cat, or even animals like the domestic rabbit.
We are talking about sheep, goats, camels, and cattle, which are large
food animals, frequently able to travel long distances.

3.  There is evidence (not much) suggesting that animals such as
reindeer were domesticated during the paleolithic.  If this is true,
the art may have been lost during the most recent glaciation, or
may have been a continuous cultural activity.

4.  Agriculture was invented by several different cultures at approximately
the same time, involving different plants.  It may not have been such
a big innovation after all.  It may simply be that no one bothered with
agriculture until population pressure had become extreme.

5.  From the meagre evidence regarding pastorialism, similar conclusions
can be drawn.  Apparently, several species of large food animals were
domesticated at approximately the same time.

On a more speculative note, there has been comment about the peaceful,
matriarchal early agriculturalists, versus the warlike, male-dominant early
pastorialists.  If this model is correct, the question arises:  Why did
the neolithic agricultural societies last as long as they did?  
One answer is that pastorialism simply did not exist until 
several thousand years after the invention of agriculture.  
I doubt this.

It is likely that the upper paleolithic cultures had distinct sub-cultures,
based on food sources.  Groups which hunted migratory animals probably
lived like migratory indians of the North American plains.  Groups which
relied on fish, shellfish, or very fertile land were more settled.
When the neolithic began, these existing cultural variations would
be amplified.  

-dave

Newsgroups: sci.archaeology
From: lwloen@rchland.vnet.ibm.com (Larry Loen)
Subject: Re: First city and longest continuously inhabited city?
Date: Mon, 28 Dec 1992 21:56:14 GMT
Distribution: usa
Reply-To: lwloen@rchland.vnet.ibm.com
Disclaimer: This posting represents the poster's views, not necessarily those of IBM
Organization: IBM Rochester

In article <1h79msINNaui@terminator.rs.itd.umich.edu>, jlove@ivrit.ra.itd.umich.edu (Jack Love) writes:
|> In article <1992Dec22.071052.22805@u.washington.edu> wcalvin@stein.u.washington.edu (William Calvin) writes:
|> >>   Jerico also has, I believe, the dubious distinction of being the
|> >>first city to be destroyed by conquest.  (Can't remember the reference.)
|> >Jericho was always getting destroyed; there are about four major
|> >earthquakes per century in that rift valley (where the African and Arabian
|> >plates meet), and sometimes the attacks on the city coincided with one
|> >(Josha?).  But there are springs in the hillside above the modern city,
|> >and so settlements there were always rebuilt.  There are some older
|> >settlements in Turkey, closer to 12,000 years old, but not continuously
|> >inhabited.
|> 
|> 
|> I agree with the above, but what is quite fascinating is the fact that
|> although there are, as you indicated, several destruction layers,
|> *none* of them seem to correspond to the period of Joshua. (What no
|> trumpets?) This has led to an ongoing battle (sorry) over the subject
|> of the veracity of the Biblical material regarding the conquest of the
|> territory by the Israelite tribes.
|> 
|> -- 
|> ________________________________________
|> Jack F. Love	| 	Opinions expressed are mine alone.
|> 		|	(Unless you happen to agree.)


As long as this came up, can someone enlighten me?  I have read only the
"popular" archaeology sources, but what I've gathered from this indicates
that "Jerico" is, strictly speaking, a series of cities (some of which are
on both sides of a nearby river??).  While I have read that the Joshua
conquest is not established (not surprising, since there is at least a 200
year difference in when the Exodus took place depending on whom you read),
that there may well have been a time around the Israelite monarchy, plus
or minus a few hundred years, where the place was not inhabited for some time
(a few centuries), which does square with the Biblical account.  I believe
there are also other "breaks" in the wall-building earlier on, too.

I guess this boils down to a question of what "continous" means.  If a city
was levelled repeatedly in ancient times, presumably it may well have gone
uninhabited for some time (sowing salt around Carthage comes to mind as another
such example).  Were there breaks in Jerico's occupation of more than a few
years?

-- 
   Larry W. Loen        |  My Opinions are decidedly my own, so please
                        |  do not attribute them to my employer
Newsgroups: sci.archaeology
From: JAREA@UKCC.UKY.EDU
Subject: Re: e: elks, plus bone and stone
Organization: University of Kentucky
Date: Fri, 25 Dec 1992 01:27:59 GMT

     I reccommend to all Ogden Nash's fine poem on the Elk.
 
Newsgroups: sci.archaeology
From: Bruce.Scott@launchpad.unc.edu (Bruce Scott)
Subject: Re: Egyptian Race
Organization: University of North Carolina Extended Bulletin Board Service
Date: Tue, 22 Dec 1992 23:02:07 GMT

In article <1h84u5INN1kj@quality.hal.COM> roseman@hal.COM (Marc Roseman) writes:
>
>As far as the origins of the egyptians, the contemporary egyptian belief
>(about 2500 - 2000 bc) was that they were a nomadic people who wandered
>throughout the sahara for tens of thousands of years, until it eventually
>turned into a desert, and they were forced to resettle.  These theories
>were discounted until this century, when it was discovered that the sahara
>turned into a desert fairly recently on the geological scale.

Very interesting indeed. I had read about your last part, but not the
first. Could you give a reference for the Egyptians' own beliefs?

Bruce Scott
Max-Planck-Institut fuer Plasmaphysik, Garching, Germany

--
   The opinions expressed are not necessarily those of the University of
     North Carolina at Chapel Hill, the Campus Office for Information
        Technology, or the Experimental Bulletin Board Service.
           internet:  laUNChpad.unc.edu or 152.2.22.80
Organization: TECHNION - Israel Institute of Technology.
Date: Sun, 27 Dec 1992 11:35:29 IST
From: Daniel Dagan <RPRDANI@TECHNION.BITNET>
Newsgroups: sci.archaeology
Subject: Roman Nails Catalog

Can anybody tell me where one can find references on Roman nails?
Photographs, manufacture process etc.
Thanks in advance.
dd
From: GC.GGG@forsythe.stanford.edu (Gwyn Gordon)
Newsgroups: sci.archaeology
Subject: FUNDING ANNOUNCEMENT
Date: 29 Dec 1992 14:49:06 -0800
Organization: Stanford University
NNTP-Posting-Host: morrow.stanford.edu


***FUNDING OPPORTUNITY***

Research Expeditions International is accepting applications for
funding for research projects scheduled for 1994.

Research Expeditions International specializes in Participatory
Research, in which well-educated lay people provide funding and
volunteer as the on-site work force. Studies best suited for
Participatory Research involve data collection or unskilled labor
which is easily taught to one or several groups of adults.
Preference will be given to studies in the following areas: animal
behavior; archaeological excavation; and tourist impact on culture,
economy and ecology. Studies in other fields will certainly be
considered if appropriate.

Applications for the 1994 season are due February 1, 1993.

For informational materials and application, contact:

Gwyn Gordon
gwyn.gordon@forsythe.stanford.edu
415-494-2515
806 Los Robles Avenue
Palo Alto, CA 94306
From: mikeross@uniwa.uwa.edu.au (Mike Ross)
Newsgroups: sci.archaeology
Subject: roman britain
Date: 28 Dec 1992 21:54:57 +0800
Organization: The University of Western Australia
NNTP-Posting-Host: uniwa.uwa.edu.au
X-Newsreader: Tin 1.1 PL5
From: mmm@cup.portal.com (Mark Robert Thorson)
Newsgroups: sci.archaeology
Subject: Re: Louis Leakey
Date: Thu, 31 Dec 92 21:40:02 PST
Organization: The Portal System (TM)
  <1i0eveINN6ei@usenet.INS.CWRU.Edu>

I remember hearing that L. Leaky only took females as grad students.
Any juicy stories along those lines?
Newsgroups: sci.archaeology
From: jeffj@cbnewsm.cb.att.com (jeffrey.n.jones)
Subject: First city and longest continuously inhabited city?
Organization: AT&T
Distribution: usa
Date: Mon, 21 Dec 1992 21:13:06 GMT

My friend and I were discussing the ages of various cities. We started
wondering what was the first known city and what is the longest 
continuously inhabited city? Thanks for any help here!

Jeff
-- 
 Jeff Jones  AB6MB         |      
 jeffj@seeker.mystic.com   |     
 Infolinc BBS 415-778-5929 |
From: stephens@chuma.ec.usf.edu. (Daniel Stephens (CSC))
Newsgroups: sci.archaeology
Subject: Anthropology News Network
Date: 22 Dec 92 16:28:46 GMT
Organization: Univ. of South Florida, College of Arts & Sciences

We invite you to submit material to the Anthropology News Network (ANN).
The purpose of ANN is to make anthropological perspectives on news and
issues available to the public.  Material submitted to ANN (which may
have to be edited for brevity or style) will be made available to
reporters, wire services and other media sources.  Articles should be
from 500 to 2,500 words, written in a nontheoretical, journalistic
style.      
	ANN publishes ANN WORLD FOCUS, a yearly series of magazines with
various titles suitable for classroom use or for the general public.
The title of the 1993 ANN WORLD FOCUS is "Race, Ethnicity and Gender."
Written requests for sample copies are preferred.  In 1994, the titles
for ANN WORLD FOCUS are "Race, Ethnicity and Gender", "Food and Famine,"
Tourism: Income and Impact", and "Indigenous Peoples and AIDS".  The
deadline for submitting articles for ANN WORLD FOCUS is September 1,
1993, however, articles for general distribution over the ANN wire
service may be submitted at any time.
	ANN is part of the Center for Anthropology and Journalism, a
network of anthropologists and journalists working to further
communication about culture and cultural diversity and their roles in
human affairs and events.
	For more information, write to either of the following
addresses.  The Bitnet/Internet address for ANN is c/o
stephens@chuma.csc.usf.edu.  The mailing address is The Center for
Applied Anthropology, SOC 107, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
33620.  Daniel Stephens is Director of ANN and Randolph Fillmore is the
Director of the CAJ.
Xref: sparky sci.archaeology:3077 soc.culture.china:33755