HDTenEightyP/NetNews huggingface dataset:
From: rlm@druhi.ATT.COM (MesenbrinkBL)
Newsgroups: soc.roots
Subject: Re: Scanning and printing out scanned images.
Date: 1 Oct 92 14:23:26 GMT


Cliff and Ed both have asked questions about my scanner, so I thought 
that I would try to answer them.

The scanner I use is one that I bought about a year ago.  It is a 
Niscan GS and allows scans of up to 400 dots per inch with up to 256 
gray levels.  I don't think Nisca has other models of gray-scale hand 
scanners.  The model number refers to the package of software that is 
included.  The package I bought included OCR software and cost 
something like $300 then, maybe a bit less.  

The software included in my package was Imagein for image scanning, 
and Perceive for OCR.  Imagein works well and allows me easily vary 
the scanning parameters, such as dots per inch, brightness, and 
contrast.  Joining two images is difficult the first few times as it is 
a fairly involved procedure and is something that could be made 
easier.  I don't have a lot of experience with the OCR.  There is a 
newer version of Perceive available than what I have which has a 
feature called font learning.  Having scanned a local newspaper 
article, only to have certain letters not recognized, I realize how 
valuable this would be.  It's frustrating to have to edit a scanned in 
document and type in every m or " (double quote) or whatever.  But 
some typefaces are read in well, with very little editing required.  

I have not used the OCR for genealogical purposes yet.  I guess I need 
to come up with a way to store all this information once I get it 
scanned in.  The benefits to scanning in pictures seem more obvious, 
for archival, for reproduction, for publishing.  But as has been 
discussed before, inexpensive printers just don't have the quality 
needed.  Printing services cost around $12 a page.  So, I'm just hoping 
that the cost / technology ratio keeps coming down.  Currently, a 360 
dpi dot matrix has a lot of appeal.  

Storage for these images is also a problem.  I do agree with Mark 
Rauschkolb that it is best to make the best images that one can.  But, 
a 4 inch by 6 inch photo scanned at 400 dpi with 256 levels produces a 
4*400*6*400 (3,840,000) byte file.  That can be compressed using pkzip 
to about half its original size but that still doesn't fit on a 
floppy. Fortunately, many pictures are smaller than that. I haven't 
looked at jpeg yet.  It is a compressed image format.  I understand 
that it is lossy though.  A image converted to jpeg cannot not be 
totally recovered again.  But not having tried it yet, I don't know 
how serious of a problem it is.  

Well, this is much longer than I intended.

Bob Mesenbrink
rlm@druhi.att.com
AT&T Bell Labs Denver, CO
From: z_ofearnask@ccsvax.sfasu.edu
Newsgroups: soc.roots
Subject: new family name
Date: 6 Oct 92 19:17:41 GMT
Article-I.D.: ccsvax.1992Oct6.131741.1387
Organization: Stephen F. Austin State University

HELP ME

	My family is spread all over the world and I am trying to trace my
genealoly.  Names are listed below.

><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><>
Boring, Clark, Crow(e), Dohse, Eger, Feeney, Henry, Johnston, Keyser, King,
Kinsey, Klinefelter, Lyons, McWhirter, Moon, Nelson, Nolan, O'Fearna, Olsen,
Robinso, Schmuetz, Thomas, Trujillo, Venturini, and Walker.
()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()

Thank You (for anyone who can and will help me.
From: jsanders@phys.ksu.edu (Justin M. Sanders)
Newsgroups: soc.roots
Subject: Re: Dutch - Black, New Holland, Low
Date: 30 Sep 1992 01:19:08 GMT
Organization: Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan KS, USA
NNTP-Posting-Host: bohr.phys.ksu.edu

It is very important to remember that "Dutch" in the 19th century and
before was frequently used to mean ANYONE of germanic heritage (from
Deutsch).  Examples abound-- the Pennsylvania Dutch are Germans, the
Germans from St. Louis who fought in the Union Army were constantly
called "the Dutch" by their Confederate opponents.

The germanic inhabitants of the Netherlands were called
the Low Dutch (because the Netherlands is the low-lying coastal area).

I have been unable to find any reference so far to say what "Black
Dutch" might mean.  Another person speculated that there might be some
tie to the Spanish, and that is a good guess.  The Spanish ruled the
Low Countries (Netherlands and Belgium) for about 100 year in the 1500's
until the Netherlands gained its independence.  Perhaps the dark-complected
children of Dutch who married Spanish were the original "Black Dutch".

However, we should not rule out the possibility that the "Dutch" in "Black
Dutch" may in fact refer to Germany proper (and again to some region
where the general complexion is darker than usual).

--
Justin M. Sanders    "The science of mathematics has no more 
Dept. of Physics       bowels of mercy than has a cast-iron dog." 
Kansas State Univ.      --Rep. John A. Anderson of Kansas, 1882
From: suplick@convex.com (Jean Suplick)
Newsgroups: soc.roots
Subject: Re: Printing Genealogical Information
Date: 2 Oct 92 13:32:25 GMT
Organization: CONVEX Computer Corporation, Richardson, Tx., USA
X-Disclaimer: This message was written by a user at CONVEX Computer
              Corp. The opinions expressed are those of the user and
              not necessarily those of CONVEX.

Cliff Manis <cmanis@CSOFTEC.CSF.COM> writes:

>We all want to make out printing output as nice as possible, and today
>I was loaned a new Canon "Bubble Jet Printer" to use on trip to
>Washington, DC this coming Sunday.  I will be there another 6 weeks.

Yes, I have a Canon WordStar which uses the bubble jet printing mechanism.
I'm extrememly pleased with the product in general, but what makes it
really nice to use is the good quality print.
Comments: Gated by NETNEWS@AUVM.AMERICAN.EDU
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Newsgroups: soc.roots
Date:         Mon, 28 Sep 1992 20:59:35 -0500
Reply-To:     "Pat Shelton" <shelton@TENET.EDU>
From:         "Pat Shelton" <shelton@TENET.EDU>
Subject:      Re: Black Dutch
Comments: To: "(James Renfro)" <renfro@GEEWHIZ.SSC.GOV>
Comments: cc: Multiple recipients of list ROOTS-L <ROOTS-L@VM1.NoDak.EDU>

For all of my life my greatgrandmother was called "Black Dutch."  This
past summer we were talking about her, and my mother spelled it "Deutsch."
That would actually be German instead of Dutch.  We had always thought she
was from Holland, but maybe she was from Germany.  I don't know if it is
Dutch or Deutsch.  I am interested in the term also.

Patricia Shelton
<shelton@tenet.edu>
From: beaurega@ireq.hydro.qc.ca (Denis Beauregard)
Newsgroups: soc.roots
Subject: Re: Quebec marriages
Date: 27 Sep 92 16:19:23 GMT
Organization: Institut de recherche d'Hydro-Quebec, Varennes, Canada

In article <9209232045.AA06883@tso.uc.edu> "(Helmut J. Jungschaffer)" <usr9428a@TSO.UC.EDU> writes:
>I recently found the connection back to Quebec for my immigrant
>Taylors/Tailleurs.  The oldest marriage found in Drouin is:
>
>     Christophe Tailleur (Jean/Barbe Boulanger) m. Angelique-
>     Barbe Martin (J.Bte/Anne Gautier) St. Laurent 16-1-1764.
>
>I then tried to find Jean and Barbe in Jette but was not
>successful.

Knowing that 
1] Jette stops in 1730, so either Jean+Barbe immigrated after 1730 (or
are not refered before)
2] Drouin included, with some mistakes as you say, marriages in Quebec
before 1760 or 1765 (not sure what limit they have, I think it is 1760).
3] Tailleur maybe Taylor adapted to French or Tailleur per se.  In either
case, and presuming that Boulanger is a French name, it is possible that
3.1: Christopher Taylor was a soldier and Boulanger is some other name adapted
to French
3.2: Christophe Tailleur immigrated from France between 1731 and 1764
3.3: Jean Tailleur/Barbe Boulanger are hoax from Drouin.

>Several questions:  What else can I try to go on further back?
>Our local library does not have Tanguey.  And where could I get
>copies of the documents and additional information, such as
>children of the couple etc. (given the rumors that Drouin is
>sometimes not quite accurate?
>Thanks in advance for any answer.
>Helmut

You should order some microfilms from you LDS local library.
Mormons did microfilmed all Quebec catholic records before 1876.
Looking in St-Laurent records in 1764 (they are in French only),
you will see the original record and can check for errors,
you probably will know where were living Jean and Barbe or Christophe,
and you will have a hint about where children were born and baptized.
In most times, parents lived in either the parish of the man
(usage was to marry in parish of woman) or moved to the parish
of woman (soon after marriage or the man did so before and meet the
girl because he moved).
In a few cases, parents are moving many times.

Other data you will likely find in the record of marriage :
occupation of persons, places everybody on the record were living,
sometimes other data like if they were cousins, if parents were died, 
if children were of age (I think it is 25 years to be of age or
majeur in 1764), etc.
You will see that Quebec records for that period are the more complete
you can get.

-- 
  \_\    Denis Beauregard  *  internet:beaurega@ireq.hydro.qc.ca
 /   \   Genealogiste officiel : Beauregard/Jarret/Jarest/Vincent
J   __>  Un Quebec renouvele dans une Amerique renovee
\_.-===                                                  Opinions ? Et pis non !
Organization: Stanford Linear Accelerator Center
Date: Tuesday, 29 Sep 1992 13:23:52 PST
From: Patrick Clancey <CLANCEY@SLACVM.SLAC.STANFORD.EDU>
Newsgroups: soc.roots
Subject: Re: 'New Holland' Dutch


"Sharon L Palmateer" <ASDSLP@ALBNYVM1.BITNET> writes:

    >James Renfro asked about 'Black Dutch'.  My mother said her mother was
    >Cherokee Indian and 'New Holland Dutch'.  What is the distinction?  I'm
    >just as curious as Jim.  Anybody have any ideas?

New York state was originally colonized by the Dutch and named
'New Holland' -- New York city was called 'New Amsterdam'.
(I can't remember offhand which one of the colonial wars resulted
in its transfer to England).

It seems reasonable to assume that 'New Holland Dutch' referred
to a colonist, as opposed to someone from the 'old country'.

The new world connection would certainly go a long way toward
explaining the Cherokee connection.


Patrick Clancey
CLANCEY@SLACVM.SLAC.STANFORD.EDU
Comments: Gated by NETNEWS@AUVM.AMERICAN.EDU
X-Envelope-to: roots-l@ndsuvm1.bitnet
X-VMS-To: ROOTLIST
X-VMS-Cc: JPENCE
MIME-version: 1.0
Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT
Newsgroups: soc.roots
Date:         Fri, 2 Oct 1992 08:44:07 -0500
Reply-To:     "JPENCE@CARLETON.EDU" <JPENCE%ADMIN1@CARLETON.EDU>
From:         "JPENCE@CARLETON.EDU" <JPENCE%ADMIN1@CARLETON.EDU>
Subject:      What is the ROOTS-L List and the LISTSERV ?
Comments: To: roots-l@ndsuvm1.bitnet

What is the ROOTS-L List and the LISTSERV ?

Are you REALLY new to the Genealogy Discussion on the NET?

Then read on !

We have had and will have several requests for "FAQ" help (frequently asked
questions) sent to the "List" and not the "Server".

If you are new at this, as I was, it can be very confusing and frustrating.

There are two (2) addresses that you MUST know the difference about.


	1.) The 1st Address:

	    The mailing "LIST"   (one of these should work)

					ROOTS-L@VM1.NODAK.EDU   (for internet)
					ROOTS-L@NDSUVM1 	(for bitnet)
					ROOTS-L@NDSUVM1.BITNET  (has worked
									for me)


				this address reroutes your text discussions
				to everyone "in the world", almost. If you
				send ANYTHING here, it will be seen by
				everyone on the Roots Mailing List (Roots-L)
				Do NOT send Server COMMANDS here. (see next
				paragraph)


	2.) The 2nd Address

	    The file "SERVER"   (one of these should work)

					LISTSERV@VM1.NODAK.EDU	(for internet)
					LISTSERV@NDSUVM1	(for bitnet)
					LISTSERV@NDSUVM1.BITNET  (has worked
									for me)


				this address is the computer, more or less
				that keeps actual files of info in Fargo, ND.
				When you send your COMMANDS for info to this
				address you will get a reply from "a computer"
				either giving you the info you requested or
				error messages like "hey, you don't know
				what you're doing




So, to summarize, if you want to "chat", send your mail to the LIST.
If you want to use the resources of the Roots-L (files) send your "commands"
to the SERVER.
Comments: Gated by NETNEWS@AUVM.AMERICAN.EDU
Newsgroups: soc.roots
Date:         Tue, 29 Sep 1992 19:33:00 CDT
Reply-To:     NORMAN%MACALSTR.bitnet@CUNYVM.CUNY.EDU
From:         NORMAN%MACALSTR.bitnet@CUNYVM.CUNY.EDU
Subject:      Zachary Taylor and Jeff Davis
Comments: To: roots-l@vm1.nodak.edu

I have a relative by marriage, Hancock Taylor, b. 1838, d. 1925.  I
didn't have a Taylor before that, but family history suggested a link
with Zachary Taylor.  When I checked Zachary Taylor's genealogy I found
a Hancock Taylor b. 1781, apparently the son of Richard Taylor, 1744,
who was apparently the brother of Zachary Taylor.

I am provisionally content with such findings, but along the way I found
a reference I didn't expect or understand.  Buried in the Taylor information
was a reference to Jefferson Finis Davis, Fairview, Todd County, Kentucky.

My question is: How does Jefferson Davis fit into the Taylor family?  We have
all sorts of family myths about connections to famous southerners, but that's
one I hadn't heard of.

norman@macalstr.edu
Newsgroups: soc.roots
From: "dave tait" <dave.tait@canrem.com>
Subject: saving newspapers
Reply-To: "dave tait" <dave.tait@canrem.com>
Organization: Canada Remote Systems
Distribution: soc
Date: 1 Oct 92 16:40:57 EST

To: John.Pimentel@f315.n322.z1.fidonet.org

JP>  Newsgroup: soc.roots
JP> Message-ID: <717611685.0@bdragon.fidonet.org>
JP>    Subject: Saving newspapers

JP>I am looking for information or recipes to preserve newspapers from
JP>browning and "drying" out.  If there is a GENELOG file, please let me
JP>know, otherwise a post here or directly to:

Not trying to be funny, but digitizing by scanner is about the only way
short of hermetically sealing them in a light proof container.


                      David A. Tait                              
O               @ C.R.S., Toronto, CANADA                       O
                                                                 
O Echoing all genealogical conferences on this board.           O
  Searching my roots in Canada, England, Ireland, Wales & U.S.   
O                                                               O
  Looking for all relatives, direct & indirect - by marriage     
O or blood, natural & adoptive.                                 O
                                                                 
O * * a Lifetime Ambition - Termination Date - Indefinite * *   O
                                                                 
O Looking for the following surnames; AMATO, BAILEY, BANKS,     O
  BARGER, BARR, BAUCH, BENNETT, BENVENUTTI, BERNHARDT, BORNEMAN  
O BOYD, BRADFORD, BRAZZELL, BROON, BUNKER, BURNHAM, CALDWELL,   O
  CARPENTERA, CARSON, CASTON, CHAPMAN, CHRISTIE, COLTSON,        
O CORNELLIUS, COWARD, CRAIG, CURRALL, DALTON, DAVIES, DAY,      O
  DeLONG, DIBBLE, DUDGEON, DYER, EAGLESHAM, FOWLER, FREDERICK,   
O FRIEDMAN, GOAD, GRADY, GREENWOOD, HAEVESCHER, HAMER, HARDY,   O
  HARPER, HART, HASTIE, HILL, HUNTER, IRONS, JACKSON, JOHNSON,   
O JORDON, KEENAN, KING, KINNER, KLIER, KNAPP, KUNNECKE,         O
  LAVALLEE, LeCLAIR, LIGHTFOOT, LOUGH, LOWNDES, LUTZ, LYMAN,     
O MANTON, MARSDEN, MARSH, McCRORY, McDONAGH, McFADDEN, McKENZIE O
  MEZZABOTTA, MILBERRY, MILES, MILLS, MOGGY, MOORE, MORLEY,      
O NEUFELD, NIX, NORGATE, OLIVER, PATTERSON, PICKERELL, POPINEAU-O
  COUTURE, RAGETH, REDDING, RICE, RICHARDS, RIMMER, ROBBINS,     
O ROHACHUCK, ROWLING, RUMBLE, SCHOFIELD, SCOTT, SCUTCHINGS,     O
  SHERMAN, SMITH, SPENCER, STOREY, SUND, TAIT, TAYLOR, THIRD,    
O THOMAS, THOMPSON, WALKER, WEBSTER, WEEDON, WHITE, WILLIAMS,   O
  WILMETH, WILSON, WINDSOR, WISE, WRIGHT.                        
O                                                               O

 

 * DeLuxe2 1.25 #4926 * Also researching - ROBBINS,MANTON,DIBBLE,HARDY
--
Canada Remote Systems  - Toronto, Ontario
World's Largest PCBOARD System - 416-629-7000/629-7044
Comments: Gated by NETNEWS@AUVM.AMERICAN.EDU
Mime-Version: 1.0
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Newsgroups: soc.roots
Date:         Wed, 30 Sep 1992 16:45:32 -0500
Reply-To:     Nancy Harwood <harwood@TENET.EDU>
From:         Nancy Harwood <harwood@TENET.EDU>
Subject:      Re: Black Dutch
Comments: To: Bill Page <WRP5404@tamrigel.bitnet>
Comments: cc: Multiple recipients of list ROOTS-L <ROOTS-L@VM1.NoDak.EDU>

On Wed, 30 Sep 1992, Bill Page wrote:
> Somewhere (I haven't the faintest idea where or when) I remember
> reading that "Black Dutch" was a phrase sometimes used by
> Southerners with some Indian blood.  According to the story I
> read -- which may be completely false -- during the forced Indian
> removals, many people didn't want to go west, and in many cases
> the authorities were rather sympathetic -- especially when
> "mixed" marriages were involved and young children were present.

I find this very interesting.  My mother had told me that some of her
ancestry was "Black Dutch"...I found out this spring that one of her
great-grandmothers was Indian or part Indian...this would certainly fit
Bill's explanation.  Has anybody else heard this?
Nancy Harwood
harwood@tenet.edu
Comments: Gated by NETNEWS@AUVM.AMERICAN.EDU
Newsgroups: soc.roots
Date:         Wed, 30 Sep 1992 11:00:07 -0400
Reply-To:     clarridge%umbsky.dnet@NS.UMB.EDU
From:         clarridge%umbsky.dnet@NS.UMB.EDU
Subject:      Variation on the "famous" - Stephen Douglas
Comments: To: Roots-L@VM1.NoDak.EDU%AQUILA.dnet@ns.umb.edu
Comments: cc: CLARRIDGE@ns.umb.edu

With all the recent traffic on Zachary TAylor and Jefferson Davis you've
pushed my Stephen Douglas button.

I have a Douglas line of Kentucky and Virginia.  When I got to reading
some of my distant relatives historical accounts of the "family" published
in those infamous county histories of the midwest, I found a reference or
two to cousin Stephen Douglas of the Lincoln-
Douglas debates.  I pursued it just far enough to determine that Stephen
Douglas came from New England... Connecticut I think.  I dropped pursuit
for the time being... thinking it was just one of those phony connect the
dots links to a famous contemporary.

Any of you hot shot historians got any information on Stephen Douglas's
ancestry?  My assumption that an early north-south connection of folks,
particularly Connecticut to Virginia, looks bogus on its face.

Public replys only if you think folks are interested... otherwise

CLARRIDGE%UMBSKY.DNET@NS.UMB.EDU
Comments: Gated by NETNEWS@AUVM.AMERICAN.EDU
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Newsgroups: soc.roots
Date:         Mon, 28 Sep 1992 22:05:05 -0500
Reply-To:     John Carroll <eldon@TENET.EDU>
From:         John Carroll <eldon@TENET.EDU>
Subject:      Re: What is Eastern Star?
Comments: To: "(Soren Ryherd)" <soren@CRSA.BU.EDU>
Comments: cc: Multiple recipients of list ROOTS-L <ROOTS-L@VM1.NoDak.EDU>

On Mon, 28 Sep 1992, (Soren Ryherd) wrote:

> Subject: What is Eastern Star?
>
> I found the note "Member of Eastern Star".
>
>
Eastern Star is an apendant organization of the Masonic Lodge for ladies
that are related to Masons (daughter, wife, etc.) You probably have a
Freemason as an ancestor. They do keep records and very good ones. Find
the lodge and you'll find the info.

P.S. Where are your Hildebrands from?

JC

===========================================================================
John E. Carroll < eldon@tenet.edu >
1503 Hillcrest Dr.
Jacksonville, TX 75766
===========================================================================
Researching: Carroll, Bailey, Hildebrand, Daniel, Bowman, Martin, Gisch,
                    Scammahorn/Schermerhorn, Mouser, Dipnew, Davis, & Brown
From: aa292@YFN.YSU.EDU ((Leonard Caccamo))
Newsgroups: soc.roots
Subject: Augusta, Michigan & "calamity" ware
Date: 6 Oct 92 00:10:24 GMT
Reply-To: aa292@yfn.ysu.edu
Comments: Gated by NETNEWS@AUVM.AMERICAN.EDU
Comments: To: ROOTS-L@NDSUVM1.bitnet

We are interested in any information that may be available about
"calamity" ware manufactured by James Hyde in Augusta, Michigan
about 1836. Please either reply directly to roots or via
direct email. We would appreciate any information available
since we are not sure if this was glass ware or some type of metal
product.

Thank you,

Shirley Hyde Caccamo
Leonard P. Caccamo
Youngstown Ohio
From: cmackay@ersys.edmonton.ab.ca (Carol MacKay)
Newsgroups: soc.roots
Subject: Cath. Schools-St. Bernard, Ohio
Date: Sun, 27 Sep 92 12:08:17 MDT
Organization: Edmonton Remote Systems #1, Edmonton, AB, Canada

I am trying to come up with a listing of Catholic schools that would have 
existed in St. Bernard, Ohio (a suburb of Cincinnati) during the years 
1898-1909 in order to locate the school records, or confirm my 
grandmother's enrollment there.  I've come up with 2 schools, St. John's 
and St. Clements, but my grandmother did not go to school there.  The 
Archdiocese could not supply a listing for this time period.  Any 
suggestions?  My grandmother apparently had quite a bit of schooling...My 
aunt remembers hearing that the high school Ella Beckmann, my 
grandmother, attended adjoined a convent.  For some reason my aunt 
recalls this school was located in Cumminsville, which doesn't seem quite 
reasonable since the family lived in St. Bernard.  Has anyone out there 
any experience looking for Catholic school records?  Thanks again for 
your help!

Carol MacKay              cmackay@ersys.edmonton.ab.ca 
Comments: Gated by NETNEWS@AUVM.AMERICAN.EDU
X-VMS-To: IN%"ROOTS-L@VM1.NoDak.EDU"
Newsgroups: soc.roots
Date:         Sun, 27 Sep 1992 20:45:00 EST
Reply-To:     JMFREED@CC.OWU.EDU
From:         JMFREED@CC.OWU.EDU
Subject:      Cousin Marriage-probability of problems
Comments: To: ROOTS-L@VM1.NoDak.EDU

Within the last couple of days one netter commented that the problem
of first cousin marriages has been overrated and that matings between
close relatives (perhaps in domestic animals?) is the way to improve
the qualities.  As a geneticist, I must comment:  (1)  Right on in terms
of domestic animals.  BUT most strains or "breeds" of animals are somewhat
inbred already, and any "problems" that are produced are easily gotten
rid of.  Humans are NOT domestic animals and have a tremendous variability
in our genome from one person to the next unrelated person.  When it comes
to cousins, that's a different story.  Let's give a specific example of
cystic fibrosis:  About one out of every 25 white Americans are heterozygous
for the cystic fibrosis allele; i.e., is a carrier and have no knowledge of
their carrying this recessive allele.  The "chances" of unrelated individuals
who also have no history of cystic fibrosis in either of their families, to
produce a cystic fibrosis child is about one in 2500  (some references state
1 in 2000).  If first cousins marry and again no indication of cystic fibosis
in their families, the chances increase to 1 in 800.  That does not seem very
high does it?  However, many geneticists have hypothesized that each of
us have at least ONE recessive allele for a debilitating genetic disorder
if the two alleles were in pairs.  Consequently, the marriage of first
cousins has a 1 in 32 chance of producing an offspring with some type
of debilitating genetic disorder (homozygous recessive).  I would find that
chance rather high.    The Amish community know of these possibilites from
long history of genetic disorders which have been very well documented by
medical personality.  In the case of the Amish, it is not just first cousin
marriages that produce the problem, but family histories have traced many
genetic disorders back several generations where the parents had a common
ancestor.  If any one wishes more information on calculations, etc., send
me a direct e-mail.        Jim Freed    JMFREED@cc.owu.edu
From: Lynn.Olivier@f31.n282.z1.tdkt.kksys.com (Lynn Olivier)
Sender: FredGate@tdkt.kksys.com