HDTenEightyP/NetNews huggingface dataset:
From: craven@cg.emr.ca (Jim Craven)
Subject: Re: Largest craters
Reply-To: craven@cg.emr.ca
Organization: Dept. of Energy, Mines & Resources, Canada
Date: Wed, 19 Aug 1992 16:50:53 GMT

In article 16197@ucdavis.ucdavis.edu, cowen@jade.ucdavis.edu () writes:
>I believe that the alleged Hudson's Bay crater is not. Although the shoreline
>happens to have an almost perfect arc-like shape, the rocks are not disturbed
>as one would expect for an impact.

I would agree with this assessment.  

>The largest crater thus becomes the Chicxulub structure in the Yucatan
>region of Mexico, though it is covered by later sediments. However, there
>are ring-shaped structures in the bedrock, leading to estimates around
>180 km. for the diameter. 

I would like to add here that the impact origin of the Sudbury structure
is solidifying and estimates place the original crater at a diameter of
over 200 km.  But again it is only an estimate based on reconstructions
of what is clearly an oblong structure today.

>Richard Cowen

Jim
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Love is like the ozone layer,            |Jim Craven (craven@cg.emr.ca)|
   You don't miss it until it's gone.    |Geological Survey of Canada  |
        ---Frank Drebbin, Police Squad   |1 Observatory Cres., Ottawa  |
-----------------------------------------|K1A 0Y3 (613) 992-8242-------|
From: u8705114@cs.uow.edu.au (Anthony Thomas Cusack)
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
Subject: Is there an archive for this group???
Summary: archive location
Keywords: archive
Date: 13 Aug 92 01:39:28 GMT
Organization: Dept of Computer Science, Wollongong University, Australia

Greetings and salutations to all and sundry,

A simple question, and one that should be easily answered,
is there an archive site where the posts of this newsgroup are stored
in particular the earthquake maps etc...

I've tried archie -s sci.geo.geology and got three answers
none of which had what I was looking for

If there isn't an archive perhaps it would be possible to create one,
and include the stuff in csn.org /COGS/

Just a thought

Anthony Cusack
u8705114@cs.uow.edu.au
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology,ca.earthquakes
Organization: University of Illinois at Chicago
Date: Thursday, 13 Aug 1992 10:02:23 CDT
From: <U25720@uicvm.uic.edu>
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
Subject:    Help! computer programs to model mantle melting

I am doing petrological/geochemical studies of Philippine volcanoes and
I have been looking for PC-based (DOS preferably, MaC could do) and even
IBM mainframe (CMS) programs to do least squares melting computer
programs (a la Wright and Doherty). Will appreciate any info where
software is available, including documentation.
Thanks a lot.
Carlo Arcilla
Dept. of Geological Sciences
University of Illinois at Chicago
u25720@uicvm.bitnet
u25720@uicvm.uic.edu
From: cogs1@slate.mines.colorado.edu (THOEN WILLIAM )
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
Subject: Re: Is there an archive for this group???
Keywords: archive
Date: 14 Aug 92 00:58:24 GMT
Organization: Colorado School of Mines

In article <1992Aug13.013928.25751@cs.uow.edu.au> u8705114@cs.uow.edu.au (Anthony Thomas Cusack) writes:
>
>If there isn't an archive perhaps it would be possible to create one,
>and include the stuff in csn.org /COGS/
>
>Just a thought
>
 good thought, Anthony.  If someone could tell me how to get the stuff in
the COGS ftp site (csn.org /COGS) into the archie listing, I'd be glad to
do so.

- Bill Thoen
  COGS ftp site "janitor" :-)
From: aabdalla@pollux.usc.edu (AAA)
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
Subject: Crustal Stability
Date: 16 Aug 1992 22:11:03 -0700
Organization: University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
NNTP-Posting-Host: pollux.usc.edu

Question from a layman...

What are the various factors which affect crustal stability?  In other
words, what keeps the crust from moving around and shaking a lot more
than it does now?  Or am I vastly overestimating the amount of 
subcrustal forces (the mantle)?  If the crust were totally flat, what
effect would that have - if any...

AAA
From: hwrvo@kato.lahabra.chevron.com (W.R. Volz)
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
Subject: Re: Largest craters
Date: 19 Aug 92 18:07:17 GMT
Organization: Chevron Oil Field Research Company

In article <16197@ucdavis.ucdavis.edu>, cowen@jade.ucdavis.edu writes:
|> I believe that the alleged Hudson's Bay crater is not. Although the shoreline
|> happens to have an almost perfect arc-like shape, the rocks are not disturbed
|> as one would expect for an impact.
|> The largest crater thus becomes the Chicxulub structure in the Yucatan
|> region of Mexico, though it is covered by later sediments. However, there
|> are ring-shaped structures in the bedrock, leading to estimates around
|> 180 km. for the diameter. Drill holes have encountered 1000 meters of 
|> igneous rock, compatible with melting the local rocks. There are tektites
|> (frozen droplets of molten rock cooled by rapid transit in ballistic
|> trajectories through the air) in rocks of the same age in Haiti and other
|> Caribbean localities. There are quartz fragments spread for hundreds of
|> kilometers round about that have been "shocked" to produce characteristic
|> lamellar structures, only found associated with known impacts. Seafloor
|> sediments of the same age show signs of massive disturbance (from an
|> impact tsunami?). AND the age of the Chicxulub crater and all these other
|> phenomena is EXACTLY (within normal geological error) at the end of the
|> Cretaceous, when the dinosaurs, ichthyosaurs, plesiosaurs, mosasaurs, and
|> pterosas go extinct. Cause and effect? A definite maybe (considering that
|> mammals, birds, amphibians, turtles, crocodiles survived).
|> Richard Cowen

There was just an article in the paper this weekend that said that igneous
rocks from the crater have been dated to 64.8 my. They think that this is
the site of the impact that caused the Creataeous  extinction. Interesting.


-- 

======================
Bill Volz
Chevron Oil Field Research Co.
Exploration Research/Geophysics Division.
P.O. Box 446, La Habra, CA 90633-0446
Phone: (310) 694-9340
From: jcohen@med.unc.edu (Jill Cohen)
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
Subject: Fossils bbs?
Date: 21 Aug 92 14:11:26 GMT
Distribution: usa
Organization: UNC-CH School of Medicine
Originator: jcohen@saluda

Does anyone know of a bulletin board for fossil collectors?

Jill Cohen
jcohen@med.unc.edu
From: mgjmw@gaea.es.flinders.edu.au (Jon Whellams)
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
Subject: Re: Worlds Largest Crater?
Summary: Wolf Creek & other Australian craters
Date: 19 Aug 92 04:54:45 GMT
Organization: Flinders University of South Australia, School of Earth Sciences

In article <1992Aug18.031958.20117@uniwa.uwa.edu.au> gunter@tartarus.uwa.edu.au (Gunter Ahrendt) writes:
>Could someone tell me which is the worlds largest crater, i've heard of
>various:
>Nastapoka Islands Crater, Hudson Bay, Canada. 442.5km Dia.
>River Popigai Crater, Russia. 95km Dia.
>Vredefort Ring Crater, South Africa. 41.8km Dia.
>Deep Bay Crater, Saskatchewan, Canada. 13.7km Dia.
>Barringer Crater, Arizona, USA. 1.3km Dia.

I thought the Barringer Crater was only 1.1Km in diameter (and about 150m
deep).

>also Wolfe Creek Crater, Western Australia (if someones knows it's size please
>reply!)

The Wolf Creek iron meteorite crater is 850 metres wide, 50 metres deep and
has a rim raised 18 to 30 metres above the surrounding surface. However
Australia has several other crater sites (10 or so) which may be of interest.
A couple of the well known ones include Gosses Bluff and Henby (described
below) although none of the Australian examples would be candidates for the
worlds largest crater.

Gosses Bluff 160Km west of Alice Springs consists of a raised circular
structure some 4Km in diameter which is associated with a disturbed area
about 25Km across. The whole area is generally considered to outline a
major impact structure formed about 130 million years ago. Gosses bluff
itself seems to be the remains of a central peak formed by rebounding
strata.

Henby, about 120 Kms south-east of Alice Springs, has some twelve impact
craters resulting from the atmospheric breakup of a meteorite about 5000
years ago. These craters are fairly small (the largest some 200 metres
across and about 15 metres deep) but still it's an interesting place to
wander around.

Cheers,
-- 
---------------- Jon Whellams mgjmw@es.flinders.edu.au ----------------
---------------------- Geophysics, Flinders Uni. ----------------------
------------------------- South Australia. ----------------------------
From: billd@informix.com (William Daul)
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
Subject: Re: Mount St. Helens question
Date: 19 Aug 92 19:35:41 GMT
Distribution: world
Organization: Informix Software, Inc.

May 18, -- for sure

1980 -- first choice of year
1981 -- second choice of year
-- 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 William Daul             Advanced Support      INFORMIX SOFTWARE INC.
 4100 Bohannon Dr.        (415) 926-6488 - wk
 Menlo Park, CA. 94025    uunet!infmx!billd  or  billd@informix.com
From: shaw@s119.es.llnl.gov (Henry Shaw 510 423-4645)
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
Subject: Re: Melting curves in the mantle
Date: 12 Aug 92 21:58:36 GMT
Organization: Earth_Sciences_Dept.,_LLNL

In article <Bsw0qp.587@helios.physics.utoronto.ca>, neufeld@helios.physics.utoronto.ca (Christopher Neufeld) writes:
|> 
|>    A summer student friend of mine is working on mantle convection and
|> needs quantitative information on the true melting curves of the Earth's
|> mantle. At the moment she has only the curves for iron, which are not
|> really appropriate for her work.
|>    Does anybody have any journal or textbook references which might
|> contain the information? If so, please email to me (or post if it's of
|> general interest) and I'll pass it on.
|>    Please note that my specialization is condensed matter, so I'm not
|> likely to follow anything to specific to the field. For instance, I
|> probably don't know the journal abbreviations you all bandy about...
|> 
|>    Thanks for any help you might be able to provide.

This is not as simple a question as it might appear at first.  See the recent paper:

Water in the Earth's Upper Mantle, A.B. Thompson, Nature  (1992) v358, pp295-302

and references therein.

See also, Schubert, G., 1979, Subsolidus Convection in the Mantles of the Terrestrial 
Planets.  Annual Reviews of Earth and Planetary Science, v7, pp289-342, for a general
introduction to the issues surrounding convection in the *solid* mantle.

-- 
Henry Shaw, Earth Sciences Dept., LLNL |    All opinions are my own.
Internet: shaw4@llnl.gov               |  
CIS: 76347,2523                        |
Fidonet: Henry Shaw at 1:161/55        |
Xref: sparky sci.geo.geology:1781 sci.geo.meteorology:2781 rec.gardens:6017
From: klier@iscsvax.uni.edu
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology,sci.geo.meteorology,rec.gardens
Subject: Re: Plant adaptation to thin ozone layer
Date: 17 Aug 92 13:15:06 -0500
Organization: University of Northern Iowa

ramirez@julia.math.ucla.edu (Alice Ramirez) writes:
> According to what I read, this process began before enough free oxygen had
> formed in the atmosphere to create the ozone layer...
> My question is, how did plants cope with the higher level of UV radiation
> that must have bombarded them, how might it have affected their
> biological processes such as photosynthesis and respiration?  Is anyone
> studying this, or has anyone published anything on this?

Oxygen is a terrible, nasty, poisonous gas, and organisms need special
defenses in dealing with this reactive nightmare.  The first organisms
existed in an environment of exceedingly low oxygen concentration, and
the first photosynthetic organisms probably used something like H2S
instead of H20 as an electron acceptor for photosynthesis.

In fact, current thought is that life could not have evolved in an
oxygen-containing atmosphere: the basic components are altered too
quickly.  

These organisms were probably single-celled and lived in water, which is
a pretty good UV screen if it's deep enough.  There was probably a _lot_
of UV-caused mutation going on, and perhaps some of those mutations allowed
the shift from H2S to H2O, and the liberation of oxygen.  There is a zone
in the Pre-cambrian where minerals in the deposit shift to oxidized forms, 
indicating that enough oxygen in the atmosphere that I think there might 
be enough ozone to cut the number of mutations down a bit.

Anyhow, for 80% of the time there was life on earth, it was only microscopic...

One of the best resources for this sort of information is Bill Schopf,
just over in the UCLA Earth Science Dept... he works on goodies at just 
about this transition.  Nice guy, but don't try to get him on the phone
when UCLA basketball games are on the tube ;-).

If you haven't found Mary White's _The Flowering of Gondwana_ (Princeton
Univ. Press), get it immediately... coffee-table sized book, with marvelous
photos of plant fossils and good text-- and written from a southern
hemisphere viewpoint, in contrast to most paleobotany books that 
have a distinct Laurasian bias.

If you're interested in the microscopic end of things, look at Dorian
Sagan & Lynn Margulis' _Garden of Microbial Delights_ (HBJ 1988).

Kay Klier  Biology Dept  UNI  
(disclaimer-- I'm relying on 15 yr old memories of a seminar I gave for
most of this-- I've only followed casually since then)





Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
From: neufeld@helios.physics.utoronto.ca (Christopher Neufeld)
Subject: Melting curves in the mantle
Organization: University of Toronto Physics/Astronomy/CITA
Date: Wed, 12 Aug 1992 20:25:36 GMT

   A summer student friend of mine is working on mantle convection and
needs quantitative information on the true melting curves of the Earth's
mantle. At the moment she has only the curves for iron, which are not
really appropriate for her work.
   Does anybody have any journal or textbook references which might
contain the information? If so, please email to me (or post if it's of
general interest) and I'll pass it on.
   Please note that my specialization is condensed matter, so I'm not
likely to follow anything to specific to the field. For instance, I
probably don't know the journal abbreviations you all bandy about...

   Thanks for any help you might be able to provide.

-- 
 Christopher Neufeld....Just a graduate student  | Confidence is the feeling
 neufeld@helios.physics.utoronto.ca    Ad astra  | you have before you
 utzoo.utoronto.ca!generic!cneufeld              | understand the situation.
 "Don't edit reality for the sake of simplicity" |
Xref: sparky sci.geo.geology:1795 sci.astro:9057
From: suzanne+@pitt.edu (Suzanne G Traub)
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology,sci.astro
Subject: Re: Antarctic Meteorites
Date: 19 Aug 92 14:09:30 GMT
Followup-To: sci.geo.geology
Organization: University of Pittsburgh

In article <199208181655.AA24153@tuna.wang.com> HARALD.STEHLIK@OFFICE.WANG.COM ("Harald Stehlik") writes:
>Subject: Antarctic Meteorites.
>I'm looking for a contact to the Antarctic Meteorite Program.
>Thank's in advance for any information.
>Harald Stehlik / Vienna


	The person to contact if you are interested in participating in
the Antartic Search for Meteorites (ANSMET) program is Professor William
Cassidy. Dr. Cassidy is the founder of the ANSMET program and currently serves as its senior co-principal investigator.

	Please send him a one-page letter detailing your background and
interest in the Antarctic meteorite program. Emphasize why going to Antarctica to collect meteorites will aid your research and/or benefit your career, 
whether it be in geoscience or in another discipline. You must be in good
health and in good physical condition -- mention if you have any special skills
such as survival training or mountain climbing experience; it is not necessary
to have these skills for acceptance into the ANSMET program, however.
Describe any previous field experience you have -- the ability to get along
well with fewer than five people for several weeks at a time is a must.
Don't expect an immediate answer; even if you seem like a likely candidate,
only a handful of people are chosen to go each year, and there is a waiting 
list for future field parties.

	Send your letter to: Dr. William Cassidy
			     Dept. of Geology and Planetary Science
                             321 Old Engineering Hall
                             University of Pittsburgh
                             Pittsburgh, PA 15260

	
	Good luck!


Suzanne Traub-Metlay
Geology & Planetary Science
University of Pittsburgh
From: gkj@jacobs.esd.ornl.gov (Gary K. Jacobs)
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
Subject: Images of Mt St. Helens
Date: 12 Aug 92 21:18:36 GMT
Reply-To: gkj@ornl.gov
Organization: Oak Ridge National Laboratory

Anyone know of postscript, tiff, gif, etc images on the network or  
archives of the May 18, 1980 Mt. St. Helens eruption? Please e-mail  
responses to gkj@ornl.gov.

Thanks!

--
________________________________
dr. gary k jacobs

Geochemistry Group
Earth & Atmospheric Sciences
Environmental Sciences Division
From: stricher@masig.fsu.edu (Char Aznabul)
Newsgroups: sci.geo.meteorology
Subject: Re: Mission to Planet Earth
Date: 12 Aug 92 12:53:36 GMT
Distribution: na

Mark Goodman writes

+ >3) How are we going to use all that data?  Does NASA have a

A better question would be: how are we going to STORE all that
data, and make sizable portions available to the research community?

James
From: edgarm@rs6203.ecs.rpi.edu (Marc Edgar)
Newsgroups: sci.geo.meteorology
Subject: Re: Psychometric Charts - Computer Generated
Keywords: psychometric, chart, water vapor, air
Date: 21 Aug 92 16:28:00 GMT
Article-I.D.: rpi.vajy=-j
Reply-To: edgarm@rpi.edu
Organization: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY.

My original posting got garbled so here is a reposting. I 
forgot to mention that if anyone has any good references on
this subject I would very much appreciated hearing about them.
Thanks.
 

Greetings,

I hope I am not taking up too much bandwidth to ask this . . . 
 
I am trying to locate a computer program that will do
calculations of the thermodynamic properties of air and
water vapor mixtures.

I need to calculate enthalpy, entropy and maximum vapor
fraction at various temperatures AND pressures.  I am a 
mechanical engineer so I would say that what I need is 
a set of steam tables for moist air at various temperatures,
pressures and vapor factions.  Meteorologists must have
a fancy name for what I am talking about but I don't know it. 

There are several articles in the literature that have
the formulas, (Hylan and Wexler . . .) so I could type them 
in if I had to, but I thought I would see if there is anyone 
out there that has already done the programming. 
 
If you have such a program I would like to talk to you,
please drop me a note.
 
Thanks in advance,
 
 
 (insert signature here) 
 
Marc Edgar
Newsgroups: sci.geo.meteorology
From: rstenson@spartan.ac.BrockU.CA (Ronald Ernest Stenson)
Subject: bird migration (was fall colours)
Organization: Brock University, St. Catharines Ontario
Distribution: na
Date: Fri, 21 Aug 1992 14:35:16 GMT

In the same direction as the recent fall colours posts ...

Here in Niagara the hawks are migrating 3 weeks ahead of schedule.
Its always been a spectacular sight.  But this year many people are
away on vacation and will likely the miss the high points.  I'm not
sure where they go from here, but I'd speculate that the season will
be longer in NY and PA this year.  Keep your eyes open.

rstenson@spartan.ac.brocku.ca
department of geography, university of waterloo, waterloo ON N2L 3G1
From: coney@socs.csu.murdoch.edu.au (Jeff Coney)
Newsgroups: sci.geo.meteorology
Subject: Access to Australian Satellite Weather maps
Summary: Access to Australian Satellite Weather Maps
Keywords: Weather maps
Date: 16 Aug 92 16:33:23 GMT
Organization: Murdoch University

Can anyone tell me where to get Australian satellite weather maps?

Jeff Coney

coney@socs.murdoch.edu.au
Newsgroups: sci.geo.meteorology
From: jlevit@alliant.backbone.uoknor.edu (Jason John Levit)
Subject: Re: Green sky and T-storms
Organization: University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK
Distribution: na
Date: Wed, 19 Aug 1992 17:17:21 GMT

>>In article <1992Aug18.055305.21285@meteor.wisc.edu> stvjas@meteor.wisc.edu (Steve Jascourt) writes:
>
>Which would correspond to a CAPE of only 1600 J/kg after using the rule of
>thumb that you take half of the CAPE when predicting updraft velocities.
>1600 J/kg is not all that unusual even after accounting for water-loading in 
>computing the CAPE, plus, storms with the strong long-lived updrafts tend to 
>be supercells whose dynamic pressure perturbations will add more vertical 

  Eh?  Take half the CAPE?  Are you talking about this equation:

  W(max)=sqrt(2XCAPE) ?

  How valid is this equation for predicting updraft velocities?  If we
  take a strange test case, such as Plainfield, Illinois, the CAPE that
  day was around 7800 J/KG...that would lead to something like a 120
  m/s updraft.  Can updrafts REALLY reach this velocity?



-- 
Jason John Levit                    Undergraduate Research,
     N9MLA               Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms
University of Oklahoma        jlevit@alliant.backbone.uoknor.edu
Meteorology Major                jlevit@geoblue.gcn.uoknor.edu
Newsgroups: sci.geo.meteorology
From: au032@cleveland.Freenet.Edu (Adam Cohen)
Subject: WX Info sources
Organization: Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, (USA)
Date: Wed, 19 Aug 92 06:14:17 GMT


    Does anyone know of any low-cost or no-cost sources of wx
data outside of the Internet via modem? The best I have found so
far is Duat aviation systems. I am looking for real-time info 
such as prognostic discussions and upper air reports as well as
guidance charts such as NGM, LFM. Thanks for any information.
From: jthor@kubit.austin.ibm.com (John Thorvaldson/100000)
Newsgroups: sci.geo.meteorology
Subject: Re: Rainclouds
Date: 12 Aug 92 22:04:44 GMT
Reply-To: ...@cs.utexas.edu:ibmchs!auschs!aspencer.austin.ibm.com!aspencer
Organization: IBM Advanced Workstation Division

Also, why does dewpoint fall slightly with a drop in pressure?  That is,	
why does a parcel of rising air not only fall in actual temperature, but 
is also retarded in forming a cumulus cloud by about 1 degree fall per 
Kfeet in dewpoint?
From: kiviat@oasys.dt.navy.mil (Brian Kiviat)
Newsgroups: sci.geo.meteorology
Subject: Tropical Storm Update?
Date: 19 Aug 92 11:52:46 GMT
Reply-To: kiviat@oasys.dt.navy.mil (Brian Kiviat)
Organization: Carderock Division, NSWC, Bethesda, MD

I am looking for an update on tropical storm/depression Andrew. If anyone
has any info, please e-mail me, as I am not a regular reader of this
group. I am an east coast (USA) surfer looking for a wave generating
storm.
   O
   I\   Brian Kiviat (301)227-1833       Sometimes the truth is hidden,
   I \  kiviat@oasys.dt.navy.mil         Like a shadow in the darkness.
  /     David Taylor Model Basin                  -Master Po
   \___________________________
			     \\
Newsgroups: sci.geo.meteorology
From: sherwood@fenris.space.ualberta.ca (Sherwood Botsford)
Subject: Re: Rainclouds
Organization: University Of Alberta, Edmonton Canada
Date: Fri, 14 Aug 1992 23:56:21 GMT

Bryan Hannegan writes
> Instincts  are telling me no, it won't be that significant. Forest fire  
releases
> of carbon dioixde are not necessarily as large of a co2 release as the  
man-made
> releases. Also, not a whole lot of the forest fires begin with lightning, at 
> least those that we know of. Speaking from pure radiative transfer, it is a 
> good arguement, IF lightning caused forest-fires were a significant source of
> carbon dioxide.
> 
> Anyone else?

I spend a few weeks this summer traversing 800 km of boreal forest by canoe.   
Roughly 3/4 of the land show evidence of fire within the past 30-40 years.
I'm guestimateing the biomass on a 10 year since fire chunk to be about 10% of   
that of a mature forest.

At a crude guess, biomass averaged well under half of what it would be without  
forest fires.

Very few of these fires are started by people.  There aren't any there.
Xref: sparky sci.geo.meteorology:2745 comp.sys.mac.apps:13208