From: greeny@top.cis.syr.edu (J. S. Greenfield)
Subject: Universal Declaration of Human Rights (long)
Organization: Syracuse University, CIS Dept.
Date: Wed, 7 Oct 92 21:17:29 EDT

Since there has been some discussion about the Universal Declaration of
Human Rights as of late, I figured I would post a copy of it.  Perhaps
Carl can get it on to the EFF ftp server, so it will be available for
convenient access.

-----------------------


Below is the full text of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,  
adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on December 10, 
1948.

The text was taken from an official United Nations publication.  Any 
errors in the text are probably mine.


-----------------------

Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Preamble

Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and 
inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation 
of freedom, justice and peace in the world,

Whereas disregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in 
barbarous acts which have outraged the conscience of mankind, and the 
advent of a world in which human beings shall enjoy freedom of speech 
and belief and freedom from fear and want has been proclaimed as the 
highest aspiration of the common people,

Whereas it is essential, if man is not to be compelled to have recourse, 
as a last resort, to rebellion against tyranny and oppression, that 
human rights should be protected by the rule of law,

Whereas it is essential to promote the development of friendly relations 
between nations,

Whereas the peoples of the United Nations have in the Charter reaffirmed 
their faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the 
human person and in the equal rights of men and women and have 
determined to promote social progress and better standards of life in 
larger freedom,

Whereas Member States have pledged themselves to achieve, in co-
operation with the United Nations, the promotion of universal respect 
for and observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms,

Whereas a common understanding of these rights and freedoms is of the 
greatest importance for the full realization of this pledge,


Now, Therefore, The General Assembly proclaims This Universal 
Declaration of Human Rights


as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations, to 
the end that every individual and every organ of society, keeping this 
Declaration constantly in mind, shall strive by teaching and education 
to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and by progressive 
measures, national and international, to secure their universal and 
effective recognition and observance, both among the peoples of the 
Member states themselves and among the peoples and territories under 
their jurisdiction.


Article 1

All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.  They 
are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one 
another in a spirit of brotherhood.


Article 2

Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this 
Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, 
language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social 
origin, property, birth or other status.

Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of political, 
jurisdictional or international status of a country or territory to 
which a person belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-
selfgoverning or under any other limitation of sovereignty.


Article 3

Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person.


Article 4

No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave 
trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.


Article 5

No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading 
treatment or punishment.


Article 6

Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a person before the 
law.


Article 7

All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination 
to equal protection of the law.  All are entitled to equal protection 
against any discrimination in violation of this Declaration and against 
any incitement to such discrimination.


Article 8

Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the competent national 
tribunals for acts violating the fundamental granted him by the 
constitution or by law.


Article 9

No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile.


Article 10

Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an 
independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his rights 
and obligations and of any criminal charge against him.


Article 11

(1) Everyone charged with a penal offence has the right to be presumed 
innocent until proved guilty according to law in a public trial at which 
he has had all the guarantees necessary for his defence.

(2) No one shall be held guilty of any penal offence on account of any 
act or omission which did not constitute a penal offence, under national 
or international law, at the time when it was committed.  Nor shall a 
heavier penalty be imposed than the one that was applicable at the time 
the penal offence was committed.


Article 12

No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, 
family, home or correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honour and 
reputation.  Everyone has the right to the protection of the law against 
such interference or attacks.


Article 13

(1) Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within 
the borders of each State.

(2) Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and 
to return to his country.


Article 14

(1) Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries 
asylum from persecution.

(2) This right may not be invoked in the case of prosecutions arising 
from non-political crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and 
principles of the United Nations.


Article 15

(1) Everyone has the right to a nationality.

(2) No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality nor denied 
the right to change his nationality.


Article 16

(1) Men and women of full age, without any limitation due to race, 
nationality or religion, have the right to marry and found a family.  
They are entitled to equal rights as to marriage, during marriage and at 
its dissolution.

(2) Marriage shall be entered into only with the free and full consent 
of the intending spouses.

(3) The family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and 
is entitled to protection by society and the State.


Article 17

(1) Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in 
association with others.

(2) No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property.


Article 18

Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; 
this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and 
freedom, either alone or in a community with others and in public or 
private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, 
worship and observance.


Article 19

Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right 
includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, 
receive and impart information and ideas through any media and 
regardless of frontiers.


Article 20

(1) Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and 
association.

(2) No one may be compelled to belong to an association.


Article 21

(1) Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his 
country, directly or through freely chosen representatives.

(2) Everyone has the right of equal access to public service in his 
country

(3) The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of 
government; this will shall be expressed in periodic and genuine 
elections which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be 
held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting procedures.


Article 22

Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and 
is entitled to realization, through national effort and international 
co-operation and in accordance with the organization and resources of 
each State, of the economic, social and cultural rights indispensable 
for his dignity and the free development of his personality.


Article 23

(1) Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to 
just and favourable conditions of work and to protection against 
unemployment.

(2) Everyone, without any discrimination, has the right to equal pay for 
equal work.

(3) Everyone who works has the right to just and favourable remuneration 
ensuring for himself and his family an existence worthy of human 
dignity, and supplemented, if necessary, by other means of social 
protection.

(4) Everyone has the right to form and to join trade unions for the 
protection of his interests.


Article 24

Everyone has the right to rest and leisure, including reasonable 
limitation of working hours and periodic holidays with pay.


Article 25

(1) Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the 
health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, 
clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services, and 
the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, 
disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in 
circumstances beyond his control.

(2) Motherhood and childhood are entitled to special care and 
assistance.  All children, whether born in or out of wedlock, shall 
enjoy the same social protection.


Article 26

(1) Everyone has the right to education.  Education shall be free, at 
least in the elementary and fundamental stages.  Elementary education 
shall be compulsory.  Technical and professional education shall be made 
generally available and higher education shall be equally accessible to 
all on the basis of merit.

(2) Education shall be directed to the full development of the human 
personality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and 
fundamental freedoms.  It shall promote understanding, tolerance and 
friendship among all nations, racial and religious groups, and shall 
further the activities of the United Nations for the maintenance of 
peace.

(3) Parents have a prior right to choose the kind of education that 
shall be given to their children.


Article 27

(1) Everyone has the right freely to participate in the cultural life of 
the community, to enjoy the arts and to share in scientific advancement 
and its benefits.

(2) Everyone has the right to the protection of the moral and material 
interests resulting from any scientific, literary or artistic production 
of which he is the author.


Article 28

Everyone is entitled to a social and international order in which the 
rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration can be fully realized.


Article 29

(1) Everyone has duties to the community in which alone the free and 
full development of his personality is possible.

(2) In the exercise of his rights and freedoms, everyone shall be 
subject only to such limitations as are determined by law solely for the 
purpose of securing due recognition and respect for the rights and 
freedoms of others and of meeting the just requirements of morality, 
public order and the general welfare in a democratic society.


Article 30

Nothing in the Declaration may be interpreted as implying for any State, 
group or person any right to engage in any activity or to perform any 
act aimed at the destruction of any of the rights and freedoms set forth 
herein.


-- 
J. S. Greenfield                                         greeny@top.cis.syr.edu
(I like to put 'greeny' here, 
but my d*mn system wants a 
*real* name!)                        "What's the difference between an orange?"
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