From: mkant+@cs.cmu.edu (Mark Kantrowitz)
Newsgroups: comp.ai,news.answers
Subject: FAQ: Artificial Intelligence Questions & Answers 1/3 [Monthly posting]
Summary: Frequently asked questions about AI
Date: 13 Dec 92 08:01:01 GMT
Article-I.D.: cs.ai-faq-1.text_724233627
Expires: Tue, 26 Jan 1993 08:00:27 GMT
Reply-To: mkant+ai-faq@cs.cmu.edu
Followup-To: poster
Organization: School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University
Supersedes: <ai-faq-1.text_721641668@cs.cmu.edu>

Archive-name: ai-faq/part1
Last-Modified: Thu Oct 15 22:35:01 1992 by Mark Kantrowitz
Version: 1.2

;;; ****************************************************************
;;; Answers to Questions about Artificial Intelligence *************
;;; ****************************************************************
;;; Written by Mark Kantrowitz
;;; ai-faq-1.text -- 59398 bytes

If you think of questions that are appropriate for this FAQ, or would
like to improve an answer, please send email to mkant+ai-faq@cs.cmu.edu.

Topics Covered:

Part 1:
  [1-0]  What is the purpose of this newsgroup?
  [1-1]  AI-related Associations and Journals
  [1-2]  AI-related Newsgroups and Mailing Lists 
  [1-3]  Dial-up AI-related bulletin board systems
  [1-4]  What are the rules for the game of "Life"?
  [1-5]  What AI competitions exist?
  [1-6]  Where can I get a machine readable dictionary, thesaurus, and
         other text corpora?
  [1-7]  List of Smalltalk implementations.
  [1-8]  Commercial AI products.
  [1-9]  Glossary of AI terms.
  [1-10] What are the top schools in AI?

Part 2 (Bibliography):
  Bibliography of introductory texts, overviews and references

Part 3 (FTP Resources):
  [3-0]  General Information about FTP Resources for AI
  [3-1]  FTP Repositories
  [3-2]  FTP and Other Resources
  [3-3]  AI Bibliographies available by FTP
  [3-4]  AI Technical Reports available by FTP

Search for [#] to get to question number # quickly.


Introduction:

Certain questions and topics come up frequently in the various network
discussion groups devoted to and related to Artificial Intelligence
(AI).  This file/article is an attempt to gather these questions and
their answers into a convenient reference for AI researchers. It is
posted on a monthly basis. The hope is that this will cut down on the
user time and network bandwidth used to post, read and respond to the
same questions over and over, as well as providing education by
answering questions some readers may not even have thought to ask.

The latest version of this file is available via anonymous FTP from CMU:

   To obtain the file from CMU, connect by anonymous ftp to any CMU CS
   machine (e.g., ftp.cs.cmu.edu [128.2.206.173]), using username
   "anonymous" and password "name@host". The files ai-faq-1.text,
   ai-faq-2.text and ai-faq-3.text are located in the directory
       /afs/cs.cmu.edu/user/mkant/Public/AI/
   [Note: You must cd to this directory in one atomic operation, as
   some of the superior directories on the path are protected from
   access by anonymous ftp.] If your site runs the Andrew File System,
   you can just cp the file directly without bothering with FTP.

Acknowledgments:

   Thanks to the following people for contributing to this FAQ:
	Matthew L. Ginsberg <ginsberg@CS.Stanford.EDU>
	Ashwin Ram <ashwin@cc.gatech.edu>
	Dana Nau <nau@cs.umd.edu>
	Daniel Cohen <dc@dcs.qmw.ac.uk>
	David Traum <traum@cs.rochester.edu>
	John Josephson <jj@cis.ohio-state.edu>
	Jon Sticklen <sticklen@cps.msu.edu>
	Karin van Dam <vandamk@prl.philips.co.uk>
	Kathleen King <kk@aisb.ac.ed.uk>
	Kevin Thompson <kthompso@ptolemy.arc.nasa.gov>
	Matteo Vaccari <vaccari@ghost.dsi.unimi.it>
	Nick Lewins <nick@cs.uwa.edu.au>
	Russell G. Almond <almond@stat.washington.edu>
	Thomas Weigert <weigert@etl.go.jp>
	Tim S. Roberts <tim@giaeb.cc.monash.edu.au>
	Keith S. Decker <decker@cs.umass.edu>
	David Chalmers <dave@cogsci.indiana.edu>

----------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: [1-0] What is the purpose of this newsgroup?

The newsgroup comp.ai exists for general discussion of topics related
to Artificial Intelligence. For example, possible topics can
include (but are not necessarily limited to):
   announcements of AI books and products
   discussion of AI programs and tools
   questions about AI techniques
   problems implementing an AI technique
Postings should be of general interest to the AI community. See also
question [1-2].

We've tried to minimize the overlap with the FAQ postings to the
comp.lang.lisp, comp.lang.prolog and comp.ai.neural-nets newsgroups,
so if you don't find what you're looking for here, we suggest you try
the FAQs for those newsgroups. These FAQs should be available by
anonymous ftp from rtfm.mit.edu (18.172.1.27) in subdirectories of
/pub/usenet/ or by sending a mail message to mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu
with subject "help".  

The Lisp FAQ is also available by anonymous ftp from the same ftp
location as the AI FAQ and from ftp.think.com:/public/think/lisp/.

Information about Prolog may be obtained from two sources: The Prolog
FAQ, which is posted twice a month to the newsgroup comp.lang.prolog
by Jamie Andrews <jamie@cs.sfu.ca>, and the Prolog Resource Guide,
which is posted to the newsgroup comp.lang.prolog once a month, and is
available by anonymous ftp from ftp.cs.cmu.edu [128.2.206.173] as the
file /afs/cs.cmu.edu/user/mkant/Public/AI/prolog-resource-guide.txt.

The Robotics FAQ is available by anonymous ftp from ftp.cs.cmu.edu
[128.2.206.173] in the directory /user/nivek/robotics-faq as the files
part1 and part2. To obtain a copy by email, send a message to 
mail-server@pit-manager.mit.edu containing the following lines:
   send usenet/news.answers/robotics-faq/part1
   send usenet/news.answers/robotics-faq/part2
On UUCP, it is available at 
   uunet!/archive/usenet/news.answers/robotics-faq/ 
as the files part1.Z and part2.Z (or by ftp from ftp.uu.net
[137.39.1.9] in /archive/usenet/news.answers/robotics-faq/). 

----------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: [1-1]  AI-related Associations and Journals

Associations:

   AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AAAI)
   AAAI, 445 Burgess Drive, Menlo Park, CA 94025.
   415-328-3123, info@aaai.org, membership@aaai.org
   Membership includes AI Magazine:
   $40 regular, $20 student (US/Canadian)
   $65 regular, $45 student (Foreign)
   AAAI has several special interest groups (SIGs), including one
   on manufacturing and one on medicine.

   ASSOCIATION FOR COMPUTING MACHINERY (ACM)
   ACM, 1515 Broadway, New York, NY 10036.
   Member Services, 11 West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10036.
   212-869-7440. Fax 212-944-1318. Email: acmhelp@acmvm.bitnet.
   $75 regular, $22 student (includes Communications of the ACM)
   $15 ($8 students) extra for SIGART membership (gets Sigart Bulletin)
   $12 ($7 students) extra for Lisp Pointers.
   $15 ($10 students) extra for Computing Surveys
   $34 ($29 students) extra for Computing Reviews

   INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERS (IAKE)
   IAKE, 11820 Parklawn Drive, Suite 302, Rockville, MD 20852.
   301-231-7826
   $65 regular, $30 students.

   ASSOCIATION FOR COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS
   c/o Dr. Donald E. Walker
   Bellcore, MRE 2A379
   445 South Street, Box 1910
   Morristown, NJ 07960-1910
   201-829-4312
   walker@flash.bellcore.com
   $25 regular, $15 student (includes Computational Linguistics)
   Add $10 for first class mail to US, Canada, or Mexico, and $20 elsewhere.

   INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS (IEEE)
   IEEE Service Center, 445 Hoes Lane, PO Box 1331, Piscataway, NJ 08855.
   1-800-678-IEEE, 201-981-0060
   IEEE membership is $95 regular ($23 students)
   For membership in the IEEE Computer Society, add $22.
   $20 for IEEE Expert (Intelligent Systems and their Applications)
   $12 for Transactions on Neural Networks
   $12 for Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics
   $15 for Transactions on Robotics and Automation
   $19 for Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
   $24 for Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence

   INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF APPLIED INTELLIGENCE (ISAI)
   Initial membership is free until 31 December 1992. Membership after
   that date will involve a charge but will include a journal subscription.
   To apply contact forsyth@fencer.cis.dsto.gov.au.
   Working groups include CIM -- Learning in Intelligent Manufacturing
   Systems, Automatic Failure Diagnostics, Production Management,
   Finance, Building Architecture, Scheduling and Planning.

   COGNITIVE SCIENCE SOCIETY
   Membership: $50 individuals, $25 student. Add $15 overseas postage.
   Members receive a copy of the journal Cognitive Science without
   additional charge. Write to Alan Lesgold, Secretary/Treasurer,
   Cognitive Science Society, LRDC, University of Pittsburgh, 3939
   O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, fax 1-412-624-9149, email
   al+@pitt.edu. 

   ASSOCIATION FOR COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS (ACL)
   Natural language processing research and applications. 
   Members receive a free copy of the journal Computational Linguistics,
   ISSN 0891-2017. Regular membership $25 ($15 students), $10 extra for
   first class/air postage in North America, $20 elsewhere. For more
   information write to Dr. Donald E. Walker (ACL), Bellcore, MRE 2A379,
   445 South Street, Box 1910, Morristown, NJ 07960-1910, USA, call
   201-829-4312 or send email to walker@flash.bellcore.com.
   Institutions must subscribe to the journal through MIT Press Journals,
   55 Hayward Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, 616-253-2889.

   INTERNATIONAL FUZZY SYSTEMS ASSOCIATION (IFSA)
   Membership $180, includes a subscription to the International Journal
   of Fuzzy Sets and Systems, ISSN 0165-0114.
   Write to Prof. Philippe Smets, University of Brussels, IRIDIA, 50 av.
   F. Roosevelt, CP 194/6, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.

   SOCIETY FOR MACHINES AND MENTALITY
   James H. Moor, Treasurer, Society for Machines and Mentality,
   Department of Philosophy, Dartmouth College, 6035 Thornton Hall,
   Hanover, NH 03755-3592 U.S.A.
   603-646-2155.  Email:  James.H.Moor@Dartmouth.edu
   $5 Membership only
   $50 Membership with subscription to _Minds and Machines_

   CSCSI (Canadian AI Society)
   c/o CIPS, 430 King Street West, Suite 205, Toronto, Ontario M5V 1L5 
   416-593-4040

Newsletters:

   The Computists' Communique is a weekly online newsletter for AI/IS/CS
   scientists.  It covers research and funding news; career, consulting,
   and entrepreneurial issues; AI-related job postings and journal calls;
   FTPable & other resource leads; market trends; analysis and
   discussion.  The Communique serves members of Computists
   International, a professional mutual-aid society.  Membership in
   Computists International runs $135 for new professional members, $55
   for students and the unemployed. There is a 25% discount for Canada,
   Western Europe, the UK, Japan, and Australia; other countries and
   territories outside the U.S. get a 50% discount.  For more
   information, contact Dr. Kenneth I. Laws (laws@ai.sri.com), 
   415-493-7390, 4064 Sutherland Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94303.

Note: Some Journals are listed with the publishing organization above.

Journals -- General:

   JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE
   Published 4 times annually. ISSN 0824-7935
   Basil Blackwell Publishers, Journal Subscription Department, 
   3 Cambridge Centre, Cambridge, MA 02142 or call 1-800-835-6770.
   Blackwell Publishers, 108 Cowley Road, Oxford, OX4 1JF, England.
   Individual subscriptions are $85 in North America and $100 in the rest of
   the world. Institutional subscriptions are $175 and $190, respectively. 
   A reduced rate of $40 is available to members of the Canadian
   Information Processing Society. 

   ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE REVIEW (Survey and Tutorial Journal)
   Kluwer Academic Publishers,
   101 Philip Drive, Norwell, MA 02061, 617-871-6600, fax 617-871-6528.
   PO Box 358, Accord Station, Hingham, MA 02018-0358. 
   Email: kluwer@world.std.com
   The institutional subscription rate is $130 per volume (4 issues).

   ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
   Published 18 times annually. ISSN 0004-3702.
   $80 individuals (must be a member of one of the major AI societies). 
   To order in the US, write to AAAI, AI Journal, 445 Burgess Drive, Menlo
   Park, CA 94025-3496, or to Elsevier Science Publishing, 655 Avenue of
   the Americas, New York, NY 10017, 212-633-3827. Outside the US,
   contact Elsevier Science Publishers, Attn: Ursula van Dijk, PO Box 103,
   1000 AC Amsterdam, The Netherlands, or call +31-20-5862-608.

   COGNITIVE SCIENCE
   Ablex Publishing Company,
   355 Chestnut Street, Norwood, NJ 07648
   201-767-8450, fax 201-767-6717
   $50 individual, $125 institution.

   JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (JETAI)
   Annual subscription, 1992/3, $163; personal subscription, $82.
   To order in the US, write to Taylor and Francis, Inc., 1900 Frost
   Road, Suite 101, Bristol, PA 19007-1598.  Or contact the home office:
   Taylor and Francis Ltd, Rankine Road, Basingstoke, Hampshire, UK
   RG24 0PR (0256) 840366. ISSN 0952-813X

   SPANG ROBINSON REPORT ON INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS
   Published monthly. ISSN 0885-9957.
   Subscriptions: $405 US & Canada, $455 elsewhere.
   John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158-0012,
   212-850-6347, fax 212-850-6088.

   MINDS AND MACHINES
   Journal for Artificial Intelligence, Philosophy, and Cognitive Science
   ISSN 0924-6495
   Subscription information and sample copies available from:
   Kluwer Academic Publishers Group, P.O. Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht,
   The Netherlands. In the US, write to Kluwer Academic Publishers, 101
   Philip Drive, Norwell, MA 02061.

Organizations -- Robotics Related:

   For a list of organizations that are robotics related, see the FAQ
   posting for comp.robotics, maintained by Kevin Dowling <nivek@cs.cmu.edu>.

Journals -- Applied AI:

   APPLIED ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
   Published 4 times annually. ISSN 0883-9514
   Subscriptions: Institutions $176; Individuals $84.
   Hemisphere Publishing Corp., 1900 Frost Rd., Suite 101, Bristol, PA 19007
   215-785-5800, fax 215-785-5515.
   (in the UK, write to Taylor & Francis Ltd., Rankine Rd., Baskingstoke,
   Hampshire RG24 0PR, UK, call +44-256-840366, or fax +44-256-479438)

Journals -- Automated Reasoning:

   JOURNAL OF AUTOMATED REASONING
   Published 6 times annually. ISSN 0168-7433
   Subscriptions: Individuals $131; Institutions $263; AAR members $65.
   Kluwer Academic Publishers, PO Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, The
   Netherlands, or Kluwer Academic Publishers, PO Box 358, Accord
   Station, Hingham, MA 02018-0358. 

Journals -- Engineering:

   ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
   Published 6 times annually.
   Subscriptions: Institutions (1992)  235.00 or approx US$425.00; two year
   institutional rate (1992/93)  446.50 or approx US$807.50.
   North America: Pergamon Press Inc., 660 White Plains Road,
   Tarrytown, NY 10591-55153, USA.
   Rest of the World: Pergamon Press Ltd, Headington Hill Hall,
   Oxford OX3 0BW, England. Tel: Oxford (0865)794141

Journals -- Expert Systems:

   EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS
   Published 4 times annually. ISSN 0957-4174.
   Subscriptions: Institutions L85 ($155), Individuals L45 ($72).
   Pergamon Press Inc., 660 White Plains Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591-5153,
   email PPI@pergamon.com, or Pergamon Press Ltd., Headington Hill Hall,
   Oxford OX3 0BW, England.

   EXPERT SYSTEMS: THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING
   Published 4 times annually. ISSN 0266-4720.
   Subscriptions: L85 ($110)
   Learned Information Ltd., Woodside, Hinksey Hill, Oxford OX1 5AU, UK.

   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERT SYSTEMS
   Published 4 times annually. ISSN 0894-9077.
   Subscriptions: Institutions $135; Individuals $75. Outside the US add
   $10 for surface mail and $20 for airmail.
   JAI Press Inc., 55 Old Post Road -- No. 2, PO Box 1678, Greenwich, CT
   06836-1678.

Journals -- Machine Learning:

   MACHINE LEARNING
   Published 8 times annually. ISSN 0885-6125
   Subscriptions: Institutions $301; Individuals $140. (AAAI Individual
   Members $88)
   Kluwer Academic Publishers, PO Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, The
   Netherlands, or Kluwer Academic Publishers, PO Box 358, Accord
   Station, Hingham, MA 02018-0358. 

Journals -- NLP/Speech/MT:

   COMPUTER SPEECH AND LANGUAGE
   Published 4 times annually. ISSN 0885-2308.
   Subscriptions: Institutions $136, Individuals $58.
   Academic Press Ltd., 24-28 Oval Road, London NW1, England.

   MACHINE TRANSLATION
   Published 4 times annually. ISSN 0922-6567.
   Subscriptions: Institutions $141 plus $16 postage; Individuals $55
   (members of ACL $46).
   Kluwer Academic Publishers, PO Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, The
   Netherlands, or Kluwer Academic Publishers, PO Box 358, Accord
   Station, Hingham, MA 02018-0358. 

Journals -- Neural Nets/Connectionism:

   CONNECTION SCIENCE
   Published 4 times annually. ISSN 0954-0091.
   Carfax Publishing Company, PO Box 25, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 3UE, UK. 

   NEURAL NETWORKS
   Published 6 times annually. ISSN 0893-6080.
   Official journal of the International Neural Network Society.
   Subscriptions: $380
   Pergamon Press, Ltd., Headington Hill Hall, Oxford OX3 0BW, UK.
   Pergamon Press, Inc., 660 White Plains Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591-5153.

Journals -- Pattern Recognition:

   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PATTERN RECOGNITION AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
   Annual subscription, 1992/3, $340; individual subscription, $138. Add
   $34 for airmail. Published 5 times a year by World Scientific
   Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., Farrer Road, PO Box 128, Singapore 9128.
   (In the US, write to World Scientific Publishing Co., Inc., River Edge,
   NJ 07661; in Europe to World Scientific Publishing Co., Inc., Totteridge,
   London N20 8DH, England.)

   PATTERN RECOGNITION
   Journal of the Pattern Recognition Society. Members receive the
   journal free of charge as part of their membership in the Society.
   Institutions may subscribe for $845.
   Pergamon Press, Ltd., Headington Hill Hall, Oxford OX3 0BW, UK.
   Pergamon Press, Inc., 660 White Plains Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591-5153.

   PATTERN RECOGNITION LETTERS
   Published 12 times annually. ISSN 0167-8655.
   Official publication of the International Association for Pattern
   Recognition. Subscriptions: $462 Institutions.
   Elsevier Science Publishing, 655 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY
   10017, 212-633-3827. Outside the US, contact Elsevier Science
   Publishers, Attn: Ursula van Dijk, PO Box 103, 1000 AC Amsterdam, The
   Netherlands, or call +31-20-5862-608.

Journals -- Robotics:

   INDUSTRIAL ROBOT
   ISSN 0143-991X
   Published quarterly. $145/year
   MCB University Press Limited, 62 Toller Lane, Bradford, West
   Yorkshire, England BD8 9BY, (44) 274-499821, fax (44) 274-547143. In
   the US, write to MCB University Press Limited, PO Box 10812,
   Birmingham, AL 35201-0812, 1-800-633-4931 (1-205-995-1567), fax
   1-205-995-1588.

   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION
   Published 4 times annually. ISSN 0826-8185
   Subscriptions: $165 US or 313.50 SFr. ($12 US or 22.80 SFr postage and
   handling). A special rate is available to members of IASTED.
   Write to ACTA Press, PO Box 354, CH-8053, Zurich, Switzerland or ACTA
   Press, PO Box 2481, Anaheim, CA 92814.
   IASTED is the International Association of Science and Technology for
   Development. Individual memberships are $60 US or $120 SFr and
   corporate memberships $100 US or $200.00 SFr. Members receive a
   complimentary subscription to the journal of their choice; the annual
   cost of additional journals for members is $20US/$40SFr per journal.
   Write to IASTED, PO Box 25, Station G, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T3A
   2G1, or IASTED, PO Box 354, CH-8053, Zurich, Switzerland.

   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROBOTICS RESEARCH
   MIT Press, 28 Carleton Street, Cambridge, MA 02142
   Subscriptions: $50/year to individuals

   JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT & ROBOTIC SYSTEMS
   Three issues per volume, $58.50 per volume (individual)
   Kluwer Academic Publishers Group, PO Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht,
   The Netherlands. In the US write to Kluwer Academic Publishers, PO Box 358,
   Accord Station, Hingham, MA 02018-0358.  

   ROBOTICS TODAY
   Society of Manufacturing Engineers, One SME Drive, PO Box 930,
   Dearborn, MI 48121. 313-271-1500

   ROBOTICS WORLD
   Published quarterly.
   Communication Channels, 6255 Barfield Road, Atlanta, GA 30328
   404-256-9800
   A magazine of flexible automation for the end-user. 
   They also publish the Robotics World Directory for $49.95

   ROBOT (Japanese)
   Industrial Robots and Application Systems
   Published bimonthly.
   Japan Industrial Robot Association (JIRA)
   Kikai-Shinko Building, 3-5-8, Shiba-Kohen, Mina To-ku, Tokyo, Japan
   Tokyo (03) 3434-2919, fax (03) 3578-1404

   ROBOTICA 
   International Journal of Information, Education and Research
   in Robotics and Artificial Intelligence.
   Published quarterly, US $179/year.
   Cambridge University Press, The Edinburgh Building, Shaftesbury Road,
   Cambridge CB2 2RU, UK. In the US write to Cambridge University Press, 
   Journals Department, 40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011-4211.

Journals -- Vision:

   MACHINE VISION AND APPLICATIONS
   Published 4 times annually. ISSN 0932-8092.
   Subscriptions: Institutions $106 (plus $11 p&h); Individuals $54 (incl p&h).
   Springer-Verlag New York Inc., Journal Fulfillment Services, 44 Hartz
   Way, Secaucus, NJ 07094, 1-800-SPRINGER.

   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER VISION
   Published 6 times annually. ISSN 0920-5691.
   Subscriptions: Institutions $229; Individuals $115. Add $8 for airmail.
   Kluwer Academic Publishers, PO Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, The
   Netherlands, or Kluwer Academic Publishers, PO Box 358, Accord
   Station, Hingham, MA 02018-0358. 

Other Journals and Magzines:
   If you have the subscription information for the following, please
   send a message with that information to mkant+ai-faq@cs.cmu.edu.

   Journals: 

   Behavioral and Brain Sciences
   Brain and Cognition
   Brain and Language
   Cognition
   Cognition and Brain Theory
   Cognitive Psychology
   Computer Vision, Graphics, and Image Processing
   Human Intelligence
   IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Sets and Systems ?
   International Journal of Man-Machine Studies
   Journal of the Association for the Study of Perception
   Journal of Intelligent Systems
   Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems
   Journal of Logic Programming
   Journal of Symbolic Computing
   New Generation Computing (logic programming)
   Speech Technology

   Magazines:

   AISB Newsletter
   Annual Review in Automatic Programming
   Artificial Intelligence Report
   IEEE Control Systems Magazine (often has articles about NNs and
      fuzzy systems) 
   Robotics Age

----------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: [1-2]  AI-related Newsgroups and Mailing Lists 

To be added or deleted to any of the following lists, send mail to the
-request version of the list except where otherwise noted. This sends
mail to the list maintainer, instead of annoying the membership of the
entire mailing list. To subscribe to one of the BITNET listserv
forums, send mail there which contains a line of the form
	SUB <forum-name> <your-full-name>
as the first and only line in the body of the message.

For Lisp-related mailing lists, see part 4 of the FAQ for the
newsgroup comp.lang.lisp.


AI-Related Newsgroups:

   Subscribe to these using your newsreader. 

   comp.ai			Artificial Intelligence
   comp.ai.edu			AI and Education
   comp.ai.neural-nets		Neural Nets
   comp.ai.nlang-know-rep	Natural Language and Knowledge Representation
  			        (Moderated).
   comp.robotics                Robotics. Archived at the anonymous ftp site
				wilma.cs.brown.edu:pub/comp.robotics/. Read
				the files AuthorIndex and SubjectIndex first.
   comp.theory.cell-automata	Cellular Automata
   comp.simulation		Simulation
   comp.speech			Speech related research, including recognition
				and synthesis. Archived at the anonymous ftp
				site svr-ftp.eng.cam.ac.uk in the directory
				comp.speech/archive.
   sci.math.symbolic		Symbolic Math
   sci.cognitive		Cognitive Science
   comp.ai.philosophy		Philosophical Foundations of AI
   comp.ai.shells		Expert System Shells
   comp.ai.vision		Vision Research

   comp.lang.lisp		Common Lisp
   comp.lang.clos		Common Lisp Object System
   comp.lang.scheme		Scheme
   comp.lang.lisp.mcl		Macintosh Common Lisp
   comp.lang.lisp.franz		Franz Lisp
   comp.lang.lisp.x		XLisp
   comp.lang.prolog		Prolog and Logic Programming
   comp.lang.pop		POPLOG integrated programming language &
                                environment for Lisp, Prolog, ML and Pop11
   comp.lang.smalltalk		Smalltalk

   aicom mcvax!swivax!otten@uunet.uu.net	International Usenet AI news

Of the above newsgroups, the following have FAQ postings:
   comp.ai, comp.robotics, comp.speech, comp.neural-nets,
   comp.lang.lisp, comp.lang.scheme, comp.lang.clos, comp.lang.prolog

German AI newsgroups:
   de.sci.ki
   de.sci.ki.announce
   de.sci.ki.mod-ki
   de.sci.ki.discussion


AI Research in a particular country:

   British AI			alvey jws%ib.rl.ac.uk@nsfnet-relay.ac.uk
   Japanese AI			fj-ai%etl.jp@relay.cs.net
   German AI			mod-ki%unido.irb@unido.bitnet
   Mexican AI			IAMEX-L on listserv@tecmtyvm.mty.itesm.mx

   The IAMEX-L list is administrated by the AI Invetigation Center in
   Instituto Tecnologico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey (ITESM)
   in Monterrey, N.L. To be added to that list, please contact:
	pl500368@tecmtyvm.bitnet (Juana Maria Gomez Puertos)
	pl157961@tecmtyvm.bitnet (Fernando Careaga Sanchez)

   The newsgroup de.sci.ki.discussion is the German equivalent of comp.ai.
   The newsgroup de.sci.ki.announce is for announcements about AI. The
   newsgroup de.sci.ki.mod-ki is moderated by Hans-Werner Hein
   <hein@damon.irf.uni-dortmund.de>.

   The newsgroup aus.ai is the (unmoderated) Australian equivalent of comp.ai.

   AIIA (Artificial Intelligence Italian Association)
   c/o Fondazione Ugo Borboni, Roma - Italy
   Contact: Oliviero Stock <stock@irst.it>
   Tel: +39 6 54803428 
   Fax: +39 6 54804405

Artificial Life:
   alife@cognet.ucla.edu

   The alife mailing list is for communications regarding artificial
   life, a formative interdisciplinary field involving computer science,
   the natural sciences, mathematics, medicine and others.  Send mail to
   alife-request@cognet.ucla.edu to be added to the list.

   See also UCLA Artificial Life Depository in question [3-0].

AI applications to Human-Computer interface design:
   AI-CHI <wiley!ai-chi@lll-lcc.llnl.gov>		

   All requests to be added to or deleted from this list, problems, questions,
   etc., should be sent to wiley!ai-chi-request@LLL-LCC.LLNL.GOV.


AI in Education: 
   ai-ed@sun.com (was ai-ed@sumex-aim.stanford.edu)

   Includes ICAI (intelligent computer aided instruction) and 
   ITS (intelligent tutoring systems).

   All requests to be added to or deleted from this list, problems, questions,
   etc., should be sent to ai-ed-request@sun.com.


Artificial Intelligence and Law:
   ail-l@austin.onu.edu

   To subscribe to AIL-L you should send a message to the internet address
	listserv@austin.onu.edu
   The body of the message should consist of:
	subscribe AIL-L <your full name>


AI in Medicine: 
   ai-medicine@med.stanford.edu

   Focus is on computer-based medical decision support.

   All requests to be added to or deleted from this list, problems, questions,
   etc., should be sent to ai-medicine-request@med.stanford.edu


AI for Development:
   An occasional newsletter for folk interested in AI applications in
   and for developing countries. The newsletter is sent to the mailing
   list and to the newsgroup comp.society.development.

   Send requests to be added to the mailing list to Kathleen King
   <kk@aisb.ed.ac.uk>.


Cellular Automata:
   cellular-automata@think.com	(aka ca@think.com)

   Gatewayed to the newsgroup comp.theory.cell-automata.

   Archived messages may be found at ftp.think.com in the files:
      mail/ca.archive*

   All other requests to be added to or deleted from this list, problems,
   questions, etc., should be sent to cellular-automata-request@think.com.


Classification and clustering:
   class-l%sbccvm.bitnet@cunyvm.cuny.edu

   To subscribe to CLASS-L you should send a message to the internet address
	listserv%sbccvm.bitnet@cunyvm.cuny.edu
   The body of the message should consist of:
	subscribe CLASS-L <your full name>
   To have your name removed from the CLASS-L subscriber list, send:
	signoff CLASS-L


Connectionism and Neural Networks:

   Connectionism:
      connectionists@cs.cmu.edu

      All requests to be added to or deleted from this list, problems,
      questions, etc., should be sent to connectionists-request@cs.cmu.edu.

   Neural Networks (moderated):
      Neuron@cattell.psych.upenn.edu

      Neuron-Digest is a moderated list (in digest form) dealing with all
      aspects of neural networks (and any type of network or neuromorphic
      system).	Topics include both connectionist models (artificial neural
      networks) and biological systems ("wetware"). The digest is posted to
      comp.ai.neural-nets.

      All requests to be added to or deleted from this list, problems,
      questions, etc., should be sent to neuron-request@cattell.psych.upenn.edu

      Neuron Digest archives are kept in the OSU Neuroprose collection
      and in cattell.psych.upenn.edu:/pub/Neuron-Digest

   Users of the Rochester Connectionist Simulator:
      simulator-users@cs.rochester.edu
      simulator-bugs@cs.rochester.edu

      All requests to be added to or deleted from this list, problems,
      questions, etc., should be sent to simulator-request@cs.rochester.edu.

      The simulator is available in cs.rochester.edu:/pub/simulator


Distributed AI Mailing Lists:

        DAI-List: send requests to DAI-List-request@mcc.com

        MAAMAW Blackboard (Modeling Autonomous Agents in a
        Multi-Agent World): send requests to
        demazeau@lifia.imag.fr


Intelligent systems for Economics digest (IE-digest):
   IE-list@cs.ucl.ac.uk

   The IE-digest aims to act as a forum to exchange ideas on using
   `intelligent' techniques to model economic and financial systems.
   Calls for papers, paper announcements and queries are welcome.

   Techniques which were originally developed to model psychological and
   biological processes are now receiving considerable attention as tools
   for modelling and understanding economic and financial processes.
   These techniques, which include neural networks, genetic algorithms
   and expert systems are now being used in a wide variety of
   applications including the modelling of economic cycles, modelling of
   artificial economies, portfolio optimisation and credit evaluation.

   To be added to the list, send mail to IE-list-request@cs.ucl.ac.uk. An
   archive of back issues of the digest, as well as papers,
   bibliographies and software, may be obtained by anonymous ftp from
   cs.ucl.ac.uk:ie (128.16.5.31).

   List moderated by Suran Goonatilake, Dept. of Computer Science,
   University College London, Gower St., London WC1E 6BT, UK,
   <surang@cs.ucl.ac.uk>. 


Expert Systems in Agriculture:
   ag-exp-l%ndsuvm1.bitnet@cunyvm.cuny.edu		

   To subscribe to ag-exp-l you should send a message to the internet address
	listserv%ndsuvm1.bitnet@cunyvm.cuny.edu		
   The body of the message should consist of:
	subscribe AG-EXP-L <your full name>


Use of computers in the Fine Arts:
   fineart%ecs.umass.edu@relay.cs.net

   The FINEART Forum is dedicated to International collaboration between
   artists and scientists.  It is subsidized by the International Society for
   the Arts, Science, and Technology (ISAST), 2020 Milvia, Berkeley, CA 94704.

   The purpose of this bulletin board is to disseminate information regarding
   the use of computers in the Fine Arts. One of the general areas of
   interest is Art & AI.


Genetic Algorithms:

    GA-List@AIC.NRL.NAVY.MIL (moderated)

    Send subscription requests to the -request form of the list 
    or to gref@aic.nrl.navy.mil.

    Past copies of the digest are archieved on ftp.aic.nrl.navy.mil 
    in the /pub/galist directory. Some software is also archived there.

    
    Discussion of GAs also appears from time to time in
    comp.ai.neural-nets and comp.theory.self-org-sys. 


Knowledge Acquisition:

    kaw@swi.psy.uva.nl

    KAW is a list server provided by the University of Amsterdam for
    the knowledge acquisition community. It will carry news and
    discussion relating to KA activities.

    To join the list, mail a message 'subscribe' to
    kaw-request@swi.psy.uva.nl. 


Logic Programming, Prolog:

   Prolog and Logic Programming:
      prolog@sushi.stanford.edu (general)
      prolog-hackers@sushi.stanford.edu (nitty gritty)

      All requests to be added to or deleted from this list, problems,
      questions, etc., should be sent to prolog-request@sushi.stanford.edu

   Concurrent Logic Programming:
      clp.x@xerox.com

      All requests to be added to or deleted from this list, problems,
      questions, etc., should be sent to clp-request.x@xerox.com or to
      Jacob Levy <jlevy.pa@xerox.com>.


Machine Learning:

   ml@ics.uci.edu

   The Machine Learning List is moderated.  Contributions should be
   relevant to the scientific study of machine learning. Mail requests
   to be added or deleted to ml-request@ics.uci.edu.  

   Back issues may be FTP'd from ics.uci.edu in pub/ml-list/V<X>/<N> or
   N.Z where X and N are the volume and number of the issue; ID:
   anonymous PASSWORD: <your mail address>


Natural Language Processing:

   Information Retrieval:
      irlist <ir-l%uccvma.bitnet@vm1.nodak.edu>

      To subscribe send the following command to LISTSERV@UCCVMA.BITNET:
	 SUB IR-L your_full_name
      where "your_full_name" is your real name, not your login Id.
      Non-BitNet users can join by sending the above command as the only
      line in the text/body of a message to
      LISTSERV%UCCVMA.BITNET@VM1.NODAK.EDU. 

      Moderator: IRLUR%UCCMVSA.BITNET@VM1.NODAK.EDU

   Natural Language and Knowledge Representation (moderated):
      nl-kr@cs.rpi.edu (formerly nl-kr@cs.rochester.edu)
      Gatewayed to the newsgroup comp.ai.nlang-know-rep.

      BITNET subscribers: we now have a LISTSERVer for nl-kr.
	You may send submissions to NL-KR@RPIECS
	and any listserv-style administrative requests to LISTSERV@RPIECS.

      Back issues are available from host archive.cs.rpi.edu [128.213.10.18]
      in the files nl-kr/Vxx/Nyy (ie nl-kr/V01/N01 for V1#1), mail requests
      will not be promptly satisfied.  If you can't reach `cs.rpi.edu' you
      may want to use `turing.cs.rpi.edu' instead.

      All requests to be added to or deleted from this list, problems,
      questions, etc., should be sent to nl-kr-request@cs.rpi.edu.

   Natural Language Generation:
      siggen@cs.rpi.edu

   Speech Interfaces:

      Electronic Communal Temporal Lobe (or ECTL) is a moderated mailing list
      for speech interface enthusiats. To subscribe, send a message with your
      name, institution, department, daytime phone and an email address to
      ectl-request@snowhite.cis.uoguelph.ca. If you have trouble with this mail
      address, call David Leip at (519) 824-4120 ext.3709. 

      ECTL has an anonymous ftp archive which is located at
      snowhite.cis.uoguelph.ca [131.104.48.1] in /pub/ectl. Included in the
      archive are: all issues of ECTL, as well as a list of subscribers, lists
      of speech related products (s/w & h/w),and a list of speech related
      technical report abstracts. If you would like to contribute to the
      archive, please mail: ectl-sub@snowhite.cis.uoguelph.ca If you need
      information about how to ftp, or such things, please send mail to:
      ectl-request@snoehite.cis.uoguelph.ca


   Prosody:

      To subscribe, send a one-line message to listserv@purccvm.bitnet
      in the following format:

	 subscribe prosody <Your Full Name>


   Translation and Interpretation of Natural Language:
      lantra-l%finhutc.bitnet@cunyvm.cuny.edu

      To add or remove yourself from the list, send a message to
      listserv%finhutc.bitnet@cunyvm.cuny.edu.	The sender of the message
      you send must be the name (E-mail address) you want to add or remove
      from the list.  The text body of the message should be:
	 SUBSCRIBE LANTRA-L your_full_name
      or:
	 SIGNOFF LANTRA-L
      where your_full_name is your normal name, not your E-mail address.

    Text Analysis and Natural Language Applications:
      SCHOLAR%CUNYVM.BITNET@uga.cc.uga.edu

      SCHOLAR is an online information service covering all aspects of
      natural language processing in such fields as literary studies,
      linguistics, history and lexicography. It consists of information like
      book reviews, project reports database listings, a conference
      calendar, and news of hardware and software relevant to the field.
      SCHOLAR is distributed occasionally as the quantity of information
      received allows. Contributions should be sent to Joseph Raben
      <jqrqc@cunyvm.cuny.edu>.

      To add or remove yourself from the list, send a message to
      listserv@cunyvm.cuny.edu.	 The sender of the message
      you send must be the name (E-mail address) you want to add or remove
      from the list.  The text body of the message should be:
	 SUBSCRIBE SCHOLAR your_full_name
      or:
	 SIGNOFF SCHOLAR
      where your_full_name is your normal name, not your E-mail address.
      For technical assistance, send mail to <lnaqc@cunyvm.cuny.edu>.

      SCHOLAR files are available by anonymous ftp from jhuvm.hcf.jhu.edu
      (128.220.2.2). Use username scholar and type your login userid as a
      password. The index of SCHOLAR files is index.scholar. The files are
      also available by listserv.  For an explanation of the coding system
      for items in SCHOLAR, send mail to <listserv@cunyvm.cuny.edu> with the
      following as the body of the message: 
	      Get SCHOLAR COD 
      To retrieve the entire release send mail to <listserv@cunyvm.cuny.edu>
      with the folowing as the body of the message: 
	      Get AZ Package


Neural Networks:
   See Connectionism.


Simulated Annealing:
   Contact: anneal-request@cs.ucla.edu (Daniel R. Greening)

   This mailing list is for discussion of simulated annealing techniques,
   analysis, and related issues such as stochastic optimization,
   Boltzmann machines, and metricity of NP-complete move spaces.

   Membership in this list is restricted to those doing active research
   in simulated annealing or related areas. The list itself is
   unmoderated.


Simulation:
   simulation@ufl.edu
   Gatewayed to the newsgroup comp.simulation.

   All requests to be added to or deleted from this list, problems, questions,
   etc., should be sent to simulation-request@ufl.edu.


Symbolic Math:
   Symbolic Math <leff%smu.uucp@UUNET.UU.NET>
   Gatewayed to the newsgroup sci.math.symbolic.

   Mailing list covering symbolic math algorithms, applications and problems
   relating to the various symbolic math languages.

   Mail to be forwarded to the list should be sent to
   leff%smu.uucp@uunet.uu.net (ARPANET/MilNet) or sci.math.symbolic (USENET).
   Requests to be included on the list should be sent to
   leff%smu.uucp@uunet.uu.net.


AI Vision Research:

   vision-list@ads.com
   All requests to be added to or deleted from this list, problems, questions,
   etc., should be sent to vision-list-request@ads.com.

   cvnet%yorkvm1.bitnet@cunyvm.cuny.edu		
   Color and vision research.

----------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: [1-3]  Dial-up AI-related bulletin board systems

The primary AI-related dial-up bulletin board systems are:

   The Interocitor  214-258-1832 (Fido 1:124/2206) V.32bis (14.4kbps)
	   SysOp: Steve Rainwater  Hours: 24
	   Desc: AI CD-ROM submission site, general AI archive.

   ShadeTree BBS    412-244-9416 (Fido 1:129/124)  V.22bis (2400bps)
	   SysOp: Bill Keller	   Hours: 8:30pm-8:30am only
	   Desc: Oriented toward beginners in the field.

   C.N.S. BBS	    509-62706267 (Fido 1:347/303)  USR HST (9600bps)
	   SysOp: Wesley Elsberry  Hours: 24
	   Desc: Best source for neural network related information.

Fuzzy Logic Related BBS's:

   Aptronix FuzzyNet 408-428-1883  N/8/1  1200-19,200 baud

   The Turning Point 512-219-7828  N/8/1 DS/HST 1200-19,200 baud (LIBRARY)
		     512-219-7848  N/8/1 DS/HST 1200-19,200 buad

   Motorola FREEBBS  512-891-3733  E/7/1  1200-9600   baud

----------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: [1-4]  What are the rules for the game of "Life"?

Cellular Automata, of which Life is an example, were suggested by
Stanislaw Ulam in the 1940s, and first formalized by von Neumann.
Conway's "Game of Life" was popularized in Martin Gardner's
mathematical games column in the October 1970 and February 1971 issues
of Scientific American.	 (Shorter notes on life are alse given in the
column in each month from October 1970 to April 1971, and well as
November 1971, January 1972, and December 1972.)

The rules for the game of life are quite simple. The game board is a
rectangular cell array, with each cell either empty or filled. At each
tick of the clock, we generate the next generation by the following rules:

	if a cell is empty, fill it if 3 of its neighbors are filled
	(otherwise leave it empty)

	if a cell is filled, it
		dies of loneliness if it has 1 or fewer neighbors
		continues to live if it has 2 or 3 neighbors
		dies of overcrowding if it has more than 3 neighbors

Neighbors include the cells on the diagonals. Some implementations use
a torus-based array (edges joined top-to-bottom and left-to-right) for
computing neighbors. 

For example, a row of 3 filled cells will become a column of 3 filled
cells in the next generation. The R pentomino is an interesting
pattern: 
      xx
     xx
      x
Try it with other patterns of 5 cells initially occupied. If you
record the ages of cells, and map the ages to colors, you can get a
variety of beautiful images.

When implementing Life, be sure to maintain separate arrays for the
old and new generation. Updating the array in place will not work
correctly. 
----------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: [1-5]  What AI competitions exist?

The Loebner Prize, based on a fund of over $100,000 established by New
York businessman Hugh G. Loebner, is awarded annually for the computer
program that best emulates natural human behavior. During the
contest, a panel of independent judges attempts to determine whether
the responses on a computer terminal are being produced by a computer
or a person, along the lines of the Turing Test. The designers of the
best program each year win a cash award and a medal. If a program
passes the test in all its particulars, then the entire fund will be
paid to the program's designer and the fund abolished. For further
information about the Loebner Prize, write Dr. Robert Epstein,
Executive Director, Cambridge Center for Behavioral Studies, 11
Waterhouse Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, or call 617-491-9020.

The BEAM Robot Olympics is a robot exhibition/competition started in
1991. For more information about the competition, write to BEAM Robot
Olympics, c/o: Mark W. Tilden, MFCF, University of Waterloo, Ontario,
Canada, N2L-3G1, 519-885-1211 x2454, mwtilden@watmath.uwaterloo.ca.

----------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: [1-6]  Where can I get a machine readable dictionary, thesaurus, and
	      other text corpora?

Free:

   Roget's 1911 Thesaurus is available by anonymous FTP from the
   Consortium for Lexical Research (clr.nmsu.edu, [128.123.1.12]).
   The pathname is /pub/lexica/thesauri/roget-1911.

   Project Gutenberg also has Roget's 1911 Thesaurus. For more
   information, write to Michael S. Hart, Professor of Electronic Text,
   Executive Director of Project Gutenberg Etext, Illinois Benedictine
   College, Lisle, IL 60532 or send email to hart@vmd.cso.uiuc.edu.

   For people without FTP, Austin Code Works sells floppy disks
   containing Roget's 1911 Thesaurus for $40.00. This money helps support
   the production of other useful texts, such as the 1913 Webster's dictionary.

   The Open Book Initiative maintains a text repository on world.std.com
   (a public access UNIX system, 617-739-WRLD). For more information,
   send email to obi@world.std.com, write to Software Tool & Die, 1330
   Beacon Street, Brookline, MA 02146, or call 617-739-0202.

   The CHILDES project at Carnegie Mellon University has a lot of data of
   children speaking to adults, as well as the adult written and adult
   spoken corpora from the CORNELL project.  Contact Brian MacWhinney
   <brian@andrew.cmu.edu> for more information.

   The Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL) has a Data
   Collection Initiative. For more information, contact Donald Walker at
   Bellcore, walker@flash.bellcore.com.

   Two lists of common female first names (4967 names) and male first
   names (2924 names) are available for anonymous ftp from ftp.cs.cmu.edu
   in the directory /afs/cs.cmu.edu/user/mkant/Public/Corpii/Names/. Read
   the file README first. [Note that you must cd to this directory in one
   atomic operation, as superior directories are protected during an
   anonymous ftp.] Send mail to mkant@cs.cmu.edu for more information.

Commercial:

   Illumind publishes the Moby Thesaurus (25,000 roots/1.2 million
   synonyms), Moby Words (560,000 entries), Moby Hyphenator (155,000
   entries), and the Moby Part-of-Speech (214,000 entries) and Moby
   Pronunciator (167,000 entries) lexical databases. All databases are
   supplied in pure ASCII, royalty-free, in both Macintosh and MS-DOS
   disk formats (also in .Z file formats). Both commercial (to resell
   derived structures as part of commercial applications) and
   educational/research licenses are available. For more information,
   write to Illumind, Attn: Grady Ward, 3449 Martha Court, Arcata,
   CA 95521, call 707-826-7715, or send email to grady@btr.com.

   The Oxford Text Archive has hundreds of online texts in a wide variety
   of languages, including a few dictionaries (the OED, Collins, etc.).
   The Lancaster-Oslo-Bergen (LOB), Brown, and London-Lund corpii are also
   available from them.	 For more information, write to Oxford Electronic
   Publishing, Oxford University Press, 200 Madison Avenue, New York, NY
   10016, call 212-889-0206, or send mail to archive@vax.oxford.ac.uk.
   (Their contact information in England is Oxford Text Archive, Oxford
   University Computing Service, 13 Banbury Road, Oxford OX2 6NN, UK, +44
   (865) 273238.)

----------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: [1-7]  List of Smalltalk implementations.

   Little Smalltalk -- Tim Budd's version of Smalltalk
   cs.orst.edu: /pub/budd/small.v3.tar

   GNU Smalltalk
   prep.ai.mit.edu:/pub/gnu/smalltalk-1.1.1.tar.Z  

----------------------------------------------------------------
Subject:  [1-8] Commercial AI products.

See the Robotics FAQ for information on Robotics manufacturers.

GBB, generic blackboard framework: provides:
 -- A high-performance blackboard database compiler and
      runtime library, which support pattern-based, multidimensional 
      range-searching algorithms for efficient proximity-based retrieval 
      of blackboard objects
 -- KS representation languages
 -- Generic control shells and agenda-management utilities
 -- Interactive, graphic displays for monitoring and examining
    blackboard and control components
These components provide the infrastructure needed to build
blackboard-based applications.  GBB is available for DOS/Windows, Mac,
Unix workstations (Sun, HP/Apollo, IBM, DEC, Silicon Graphics),
Symbolics and TI Explorer Lisp machines.  (GBB is a significantly enhanced,
commercial version of the UMass GBB research framework, available via
FTP as described in FAQ, part 3.) NetGBB, distributed extension to
GBB: provides to GBB the communication and coordination facilities
needed to build heterogenous distributed blackboard applications.
For more information write to Blackboard Technology Group, Inc., 401 Main 
Street, Amherst, MA  01002, call 413-256-8990, or fax 413-256-3179. To
be added to the mailing lists, send mail to gbb-user-request@bn.cs.umass.edu.
There are two mailing lists, gbb-user (moderated) and gbb-users (unmoderated).


RAL (Rule-extended Algorithmic Language) is a C-based RETE (OPS83)
implementation that allows one to seamlessly add rules and objects to
C programs. It runs on Apollo, Sony News, AT&T 3B series, Aviion,
DecStation, HP9000, RS/6000, Sun3, Sparc, Pyramid, Stratus, Unix
System V 386 machines, VAX, microVAX (VMS) and DOS. Production Systems
Technologies was founded by Charles Forgy, the original inventor of
the RETE algorithm.  For further information, write to Production
Systems Technologies, Inc., 5001 Baum Boulevard, Pittsburgh, PA 15213,
call 412-683-4000 or fax 412-683-6347.


Stiquito is a small (3cm H x 7cm W x 6cm L), simple (32 parts) and
inexpensive (< $30) nitinol-propelled hexapod robot developed at the
Indiana University (Bloomington) Robotics Laboratory.  Its legs are
propelled by nitnol actuator wires. Each leg has one degree of freedom.
The robot walks up to 10 centimeters per minute and can carry a 9-volt
cell, a MOSIS "tiny chip" and power transistors to drive the nitinol
actuator wires.	 Nitinol wire (aka BioMetal, Flexinol), is a
nickel-titanium alloy which exerts useful force as it is heated by
passing a current through it. IUCS Technical Report 363a describes
Stiquito's construction and is available by anonymous ftp from
cs.indiana.edu:/pub (129.79.254.191) in PostScript and Word4 formats as
the files stiquito.ps.a{a,b,c}.Z and stiquito.w4.a{a,b,c}.Z,
respectively. The tech report is also available by US mail for $5
(checks or money orders should be made payable to "Indiana University")
from Computer Science Department, Attn: TR 363a 215, Lindley Hall,
Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405.	 A kit containing all
the materials needed to construct a simple version of Stiquito and its
controller is available for an extra $10 from the above address (use
attn line "Stiquito Kit"). To receive a video showing the assembly of
Stiquito, include an additional $10 and add "Video" to the attn line.
Anyone may build and use Stiquitos in any quantity for educational or
research purposes, but Indiana University reserves all rights to
commercial applications.  Questions about Stiquito should be sent to
jwmills@cs.indiana.edu. To join the mailing list, send mail to
stiquito-request@xcf.berkeley.edu. 


Togai InfraLogic, Inc. (TIL) is a supplier of fuzzy logic and fuzzy
expert system software and hardware. For more information, write to
Togai InfraLogic, Inc., 5 Vanderbilt, Irvine, CA 92718, call +1 714
975 8522, fax +1 714 975 8524, or send email to info@til.com or
til!info.  TIL also supports an email-server that can be reached at
fuzzy-server@til.com or til!fuzzy-server.  Send an email message that
contains just the word "help" in either the subject line or the
message body for more information. A list of products can be obtained
by sending a message that contains only the line "send products.txt"
to the email-server. For an index of the contents of the server, send
a message with the line "send index".


The following is from Risks Digest 13.83 -- I have no idea what the software
does, but Colby did head up the PARRY project:

  FEELING HELPLESS ABOUT DEPRESSION? Overcoming Depression 2.0 provides
  computer based cognitive therapy for depression with therapeutic
  dialogue in everyday language.  Created by Kenneth Mark Colby, M.D.,
  Professor of Psychiatry and Biobehavioural Sciences, Emeritus, UCLA.
  Personal Version ($199), Professional version ($499).	 Malibu
  Artificial Intelligence Works, 25307 Malibu Rd, CA 90265.
  1-800-497-6889.

----------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: [1-9]  Glossary of AI terms.

This is the start of a simple glossary of short definitions for AI terminology.

   Strong AI:		
	Claim that computers can be made to actually think, just like human
	beings do. More precisely, the claim that there exists a class of
	computer programs, such that any implementation of such a program is
	really thinking.

   Weak AI:		
	Claim that computers are important tools in the modeling and
	simulation of human activity.

   Case-based Reasoning: 
	Technique whereby "cases" similar to the current problem are
	retrieved and their "solutions" modified to work on the current
	problem. 

   Nonlinear Planning:
	A planning paradigm which does not enforce a total (linear)
	ordering on the components of a plan.

----------------------------------------------------------------
Subject:  [1-10] What are the top schools in AI?

The answer to this question is not intended to be a ranking and should
not be interpreted as such. There are several major problems with
ratings like the Gourman Report and the US News and World Report. Such
rankings are often unsubstantiated and anecdotal, their accuracy is
questionable, and they do not focus on the subfields of an area. When
selecting a graduate school, students should look for schools which
not only have excellent programs in their general area of research
but also at least one faculty member whose research interests mesh
well with the student's. Accordingly, we've broken down this list
according to topic, and sorted the schools within each topic in
ALPHABETICAL ORDER.

The best way for students to discover which schools are good in a
field is to ask professors (and graduate students) in their
undergraduate school for suggestions on where to apply. Reading the
research journals in the field is another good method (see question
[1-1]).

A list of email addresses for CS departments is posted once a month to
the newsgroup soc.college.gradinfo.

NOTE THAT THIS LIST IS PRELIMINARY AND BY NO MEANS COMPLETE.

Please feel free to suggest schools that are particularly strong in
any of these areas, or to suggest new areas to be listed.

Schools with excellent programs in most fields:
   Carnegie Mellon University (CMU)
   MIT
   Stanford

   Indiana
   Maryland
   Rutgers
   Toronto
   UCLA
   Univ. of Edinburgh
   Univ. of Illinois/Urbana-Champaign (UIUC)
   Univ. of Massachusetts/Amherst
   Univ. of Rochester
   Univ. of Southern California & USC/Information Sciences Institute
   Yale
 

AI and Medicine:
   Stanford

AI and Legal Reasoning:

Artificial Life:
   UCLA

Automated Deduction:
   Stanford
   Univ. of Edinburgh
   Univ. of Oregon
   Univ. of Texas/Austin

Case-Based Reasoning:
   Chicago

Connectionism/Neural Networks:
   Carnegie Mellon University (CMU)
   Ohio State Univ.
   Toronto
   UC/San Diego
   Univ. of Southern California & USC/Information Sciences Institute

Decision Theory and AI:
   Berkeley
   Stanford

Distributed AI:
   Univ. of Massachusetts

Fuzzy Logic:
   Berkeley

Genetic Algorithms:
   Univ. of Michigan
   George Mason

Integrated AI Architectures:
   Carnegie Mellon University (CMU)
   Stanford
   Univ. of Michigan

Knowledge Representation:
   Stanford
   Univ. of Oregon

Logic Programming:
   Carnegie Mellon University (CMU)
   Stanford
   Univ. of Illinois/Urbana-Champaign (UIUC)
   Univ. of Oregon
   Univ. of Pennsylvania

Machine Discovery:
   Carnegie Mellon University (CMU)

Machine Learning:
   Carnegie Mellon University (CMU)
   Johns Hopkins
   MIT
   Univ. of Southern California & USC/Information Sciences Institute

Natural Language, Speech:
   Brown
   Carnegie Mellon University (CMU)
   Columbia
   ISI
   MIT
   Penn
   Stanford
   Toronto
   Univ. of Southern California & USC/Information Sciences Institute
   Waterloo (stylistics, MT, discourse)

Nonmonotonic Reasoning:
   Stanford
   Univ. of Oregon
   Toronto

Philosophy of AI:
   MIT
   Berkeley

Planning:
   Carnegie Mellon University (CMU)
   MIT
   Stanford
   Univ. of Oregon
   Univ. of Washington/Seattle
   Waterloo 

Probabilistic Reasoning:
   UCLA

Production Systems/Expert Systems:
   Carnegie Mellon University (CMU)
   Stanford

Qualitative Physics and Model Based Reasoning:
   Univ. of Oregon
   Northwestern ILS (Forbus)

Robotics:
   Bristol Polytechnic, UK
   Brown 
   California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
   Carnegie Mellon University (CMU)
   Harvard
   Hull University, UK
   MIT
   Naval Postgraduate School
   New York University (NYU) Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences
   North Carolina State Univerisity/Raleigh (NCSU)
   Oxford
   Purdue
   Reading University, UK
   Rennsalear Polytechnic Institute (RPI)
   Salford University, UK
   Stanford
   Swiss Federal Institute of Technology
   UC/Berkeley
   Univ. of Alberta
   Univ. of Kansas
   Univ. of Kentucky
   Univ. of Maryland
   Univ. of Michigan/Ann Arbor
   Univ. of Paris INRIA
   Univ. of Pennsylvania
   Univ. of Southern California & USC/Information Sciences Institute
   Univ. of Utah
   Univ. of Wisconsin
   Yale 

Search:
   UCLA
   Univ. of Oregon

Virtual Reality:
   Carnegie Mellon University (CMU)
   Columbia
   Florida Institute of Technology
   MIT Media Lab
   Naval Postgraduate School
   UVA
   Univ. North Carolina/Chapel Hill (UNC)

Vision:
   Carnegie Mellon University (CMU)
   Johns Hopkins  
   MIT
   Univ. of Maryland
   Univ. of Southern California & USC/Information Sciences Institute

----------------------------------------------------------------

;;; *** Change Log
;;;
;;; 13-SEP-92 mk    Moved Prolog information into the updated Prolog Resource
;;;		    Guide. 
;;; 14-SEP-92 mk    Added automated reasoning references. Added automated
;;;		    reasoning systems to [4], ftp resources.
;;;		    Split FAQ into two pieces.
;;; 15-SEP-92 mk    Added IE-digest.
;;; 30-SEP-92 mk    Added Stiquito entry.
;;;  8-OCT-92 mk    Added Glossary question, updated ECTL entry.
;;; 15-OCT-92 mk    Added MUME entry, some new references, fuzzy logic
;;;                 ftp, etc.
;;; 15-OCT-92 mk    Distributed AI info contributed by Keith Decker.
;;; 15-OCT-92 mk    Split off FTP resources into part 3.
;;; 15-OCT-92 mk    Added several journal references.
;;; 15-OCT-92 mk    Several references contributed by Dave Chalmers, including
;;;                 GA, NNets, and Alife.
;;; 16-OCT-92 mk    Added info about lots and lots of journals.
;;; 20-OCT-92 mk    Added entry on the Consortium for Lexical Research to part
;;;                 3.
;;; 27-OCT-92 mk    Added entry on Togai InfraLogic (TIL).
;;;  2-NOV-92 mk    Added entry on Computists' Communique.
;;;  5-NOV-92 mk    Added entry on ARS MAGNA to part 3.
;;;  5-NOV-92 mk    Added question on "best" schools in AI.
;;; 16-NOV-92 mk    Added entry on GBB.
;;; 19-NOV-92 mk    Updated AI CD-ROM entry. New email addresses.
;;; 24-NOV-92 mk    Updated some of the Robotics content, per Ken Goldberg.
;;;                 Added reference to robotics faq posting, and stole small
;;;                 excerpts of it.
;;; 24-NOV-92 mk    Added entry on Soc for Machines and Mentality (and journal)
;;;                 to 1-1, per William J. Rapaport.
;;; *EOF*
Xref: sparky comp.ai:4612 news.answers:4504