HDTenEightyP/NetNews huggingface dataset:
From: drchambe@tekig5.pen.tek.com (Dennis Chamberlin)
Newsgroups: sci.astro
Subject: Re: THE DIVINE MASTERS OF THE UNIVERSE
Date: 26 Jan 93 18:10:27 GMT
Reply-To: drchambe@tekig5.pen.tek.com
Organization: Tektronix, Inc., Beaverton,  OR.

In article <1993Jan25.173130.3296@cnsvax.uwec.edu> mcelwre@cnsvax.uwec.edu writes:
>          
>               But there are some very important related facts that 
>          Christians are COMPLETELY IGNORANT of, as are followers of 
>          most other world religions. 
>           
>          (ravings deleted)
>                                           Robert E. McElwaine
>                                           2nd Initiate in Eckankar

Wow...how do you know all this?
Newsgroups: sci.astro,sci.space
From: kjenks@gothamcity.jsc.nasa.gov
Subject: Re: Hewlett Packard conin space
Originator: kjenks@gothamcity
Keywords: HP calculator in Shuttle
Organization: NASA/JSC/GM2, Space Shuttle Program Office
Date: Thu, 21 Jan 1993 18:41:38 GMT

In article <1jdru6INNijp@hpscit.sc.hp.com> stevep@hpscit.sc.hp.com () writes:
>There was the HP handheld calculator that was used on some (I think)
>Apollo missions.

In the early days of the Space Shuttle Program, we used an HP
calculator for some on-board calculations.  I believe it had programs
to figure CG and even deorbit burns if the Primary Avionics Software
System (PASS) computers were down and if the Orbiter were out of
communication with the Mission Control Center (MCC).  The functions of
the HP were subsumed by the Shuttle Payload On-board Computer (SPOC), a
GRiD '386 computer, which was later replaced with the Payload and
General Support Computer (PGSC), a GRiD 1530 '386 computer running the
SPOC software.

Before you ask, the SPOC software is NOT available to the general
public.  It includes a world map showing day/night and the current
position of the Orbiter, updated in real time.  You can see a SPOC (or
a PGSC running SPOC software) in quite a few photos from the flight
deck.

(That's from memory; I don't have time to dig up references right now.)

-- Ken Jenks, NASA/JSC/GM2, Space Shuttle Program Office
      kjenks@gothamcity.jsc.nasa.gov  (713) 483-4368

     "It is mankind's manifest destiny to bring our humanity into space,
      to colonize this galaxy.  And as a nation, we have the power to
      determine whether America will lead or will follow.

      I say that America must lead."  -- Ronald Reagan
From: Gary.Mckenzie@f560.n635.z3.fidonet.org (Gary Mckenzie)
Newsgroups: sci.astro
Subject: coma correctors
Date: Mon, 25 Jan 1993 23:42:00

Does anyone have any experience with either the Lumicon or Televue coma
correctors. I have nearly completed building a 12" F5 reflector and plan to
purchase a coma corrector. Is the Televue really worth the extra dollars?
 * Origin: Anti-Matter, The sky's the limit! (03) 752-1171 (3:635/560)
From: elliottb@cnsvax.uwec.edu
Newsgroups: sci.astro
Subject: Re: Phone numbers for ST-Sci.
Date: 21 Jan 93 08:19:04 -0600
Organization: University of Wisconsin Eau Claire

Voice phone number for STsci is 3013384700
fax number for same is 3013384767
From: j.jahn@abbs.zer.sub.org
Newsgroups: sci.astro
Subject: Sunspots at 20.01.1993.
Date: 20 Jan 93 19:40:00 +0100
X-Gateway: ZCONNECT AB abbs.hanse.de [UUCPfZ V4.0d U004]

Sunspots at 20.01.1993., 0 h UT.

No.    Pos.  Cl.  Ar.  Mag. SF  F  M  X
---------------------------------------
7400 09S 95W Hsx  120   a
7401 12S 05W Dao  110   b
7402 23S 10W Dro   20   b    1
7403 14N 15E Hsx  190   a
7404 14N 84W Hsx   30   a
7406 12S 66E Cao  110   b


No optical or x-ray flares yesterday observed.
From: mcg2@ns1.cc.lehigh.edu (Marc Gabriel)
Newsgroups: sci.misc
Subject: New listserv group - LymeNet
Date: 23 Jan 93 22:58:33 GMT
Organization: Lehigh University

Introducing...

******************************************************************************
*                The Lyme Disease Electronic Mail Network                    *
*                               LymeNet                                      *
******************************************************************************

Lyme Disease is now the fastest growing infectious disease in the United
States.  In 10 short years, this little known bacterial infection has claimed
half a million victims and the number of new patients continues to spiral
upward with no relief in sight.  It is estimated that in 1991, 100,000
Americans contracted this dangerous disease.  If left untreated, LD can cause
permanent nerve, musculoskeletal and cardiac damage.

Unfortunately, many in the medical and political arenas have not given this
epidemic much thought.  Self appointed experts in the academic community have
declared that LD can always be cured with short courses of simple antibiotics.
However, as the number of cases rise, doctors on the front lines are
discovering that LD is more serious that previously suspected, requiring longer
treatment therapies and more complex combinations of medicines.  The battle
lines have been drawn.

And the battles continue at LD conferences, and in the various State
legislatures where insurance companies, terrified at the high cost of LD, are
attempting to short change patients.  Estimates show that the average cost of
treatment for chronic LD patients ranges from $60,000 to $100,000 per patient.

MAILING LIST:
To keep up with the latest developments, including new treatment protocols,
research news and political events, we introduce the Lyme Disease Electronic
Mail Network.  LymeNet, in association with the Lyme Disease Network of New
Jersey, Inc., with provide you with a periodic newsletter with the latest
information.  All you need is an Internet- accessible e-mail address.

INTERESTED INDIVIDUALS INCLUDE:
      * LD patients
      * Friends or family of LD patients, who may wish to forward the
        newsletter to an LD patient
      * Interested members of the medical community
      * Interested members of the press


To subscribe, send a memo to Internet address  listserv@Lehigh.EDU
In the body type:

subscribe LymeNet-L <Your Real Name>

Please send problem reports to mcg2@Lehigh.EDU.
From: dgren@omar.WPI.EDU (David Gerard Grenache)
Newsgroups: sci.misc
Subject: Horseshoe Crabs
Date: 25 Jan 93 21:02:14 GMT
Organization: Worcester Polytechnic Institute
NNTP-Posting-Host: omar.wpi.edu

Does anyone know what the hematocrit of a horseshoe crab might be?
How about any other invertebrate?

Thanks

--David Grenache
From: arne@mango.mef.ki.se (Arne Elofsson)
Newsgroups: sci.misc
Subject: SCITATION INDEX !!!
Date: 27 Jan 1993 06:58:50 -0600
Organization: UTexas Mail-to-News Gateway
NNTP-Posting-Host: cs.utexas.edu

I would like to receive the ISI 
statistics, over different journals.
Is it available by ftp, E-mail or ?
arne
Plaese answer to arne@mango.mef.ki.se
From: lev@ipxed5.nswses.navy.mil (Lloyd E Vancil)
Newsgroups: sci.misc
Subject: DNA sorting? question
Date: 26 Jan 93 15:55:07 GMT
Organization: NSWSES, Port Hueneme, CA


Ive been wondering about something I saw on TV a few
times.  The discussion of DNA matching for trials
or in some other research shows a plate with
what appears to be grey lines spread at intervals across
it.  I don't recall what the process is called but
apparently the DNA is broken down and some type
of electrical process produces these pictures of
gene distirbution.  I wish I could remember what the
term for this process was.  SO, to my question(s);

1. What is the term? 

2. what is the actual process?

3. Can you suggest other sources of information?



Tnx.......  Email please



--
|suned1!lev@elroy.JPL.Nasa.Gov|lev@suned1.nswses.navy.mil|sun!suntzu!suned1!lev|
|S.T.A.R.S. The revolution has begun!|  My Opinions are Mine mine mine hahahah!|
From: mcg2@ns1.cc.lehigh.edu (Marc Gabriel)
Newsgroups: sci.misc
Subject: LymeNet subscriptions
Date: 25 Jan 93 22:04:58 GMT
Organization: Lehigh University


   I submitted the following announcement a few days ago to this board.
Unfortunately, due to technical difficulties, some subscription requests
submitted on Sat. (1-23) and Sun. (1-24) were not processed.  If you
subscribed and did *not* receive confirmation of your subscription from the
list server, please re-subscribe.
   Sorry for the problems.
   The first issue of the LymeNet Newsletter will appear later this week.
   Here is the original announcement...
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Introducing...

******************************************************************************
*                The Lyme Disease Electronic Mail Network                    *
*                               LymeNet                                      *
******************************************************************************

Lyme Disease is now the fastest growing infectious disease in the United
States.  In 10 short years, this little known bacterial infection has claimed
half a million victims and the number of new patients continues to spiral
upward with no relief in sight.  It is estimated that in 1991, 100,000
Americans contracted this dangerous disease.  If left untreated, LD can cause
permanent nerve, musculoskeletal and cardiac damage.

Unfortunately, many in the medical and political arenas have not given this
epidemic much thought.  Self appointed experts in the academic community have
declared that LD can always be cured with short courses of simple antibiotics.
However, as the number of cases rise, doctors on the front lines are
discovering that LD is more serious that previously suspected, requiring longer
treatment therapies and more complex combinations of medicines.  The battle
lines have been drawn.

And the battles continue at LD conferences, and in the various State
legislatures where insurance companies, terrified at the high cost of LD, are
attempting to short change patients.  Estimates show that the average cost of
treatment for chronic LD patients ranges from $60,000 to $100,000 per patient.

MAILING LIST:
To keep up with the latest developments, including new treatment protocols,
research news and political events, we introduce the Lyme Disease Electronic
Mail Network.  LymeNet, in association with the Lyme Disease Network of New
Jersey, Inc., with provide you with a periodic newsletter with the latest
information.  All you need is an Internet- accessible e-mail address.

INTERESTED INDIVIDUALS INCLUDE:
      * LD patients
      * Friends or family of LD patients, who may wish to forward the
        newsletter to an LD patient
      * Interested members of the medical community
      * Interested members of the press


To subscribe, send a memo to Internet address  listserv@Lehigh.EDU
In the body type:

subscribe LymeNet-L <Your Real Name>

Please send problem reports to mcg2@Lehigh.EDU.
Newsgroups: sci.misc
From: gpmenos@firestone.Princeton.EDU (Gerard Philippe Menos)
Subject: SUBJECTS NEEDED FOR PSYCH. STUDY
Originator: news@nimaster
Reply-To: gpmenos@firestone.Princeton.EDU (Gerard Philippe Menos)
Organization: Princeton University
Date: Fri, 22 Jan 1993 22:56:24 GMT

I am posting the following announcement for my sister.  She is looking  
for subjects, primarily in the New York City area (the closer to  
Manhattan, the better) or in the vicinty of Princeton, NJ, to  
participate as subjects in a study on the psychology of the postpartum  
period.

At this point, my sister is in greatest need of subjects for the  
control group --females between 18 to 40 years of age, with no  
children, who are not presently pregnant.  If you can participate or  
if you know people who can participate, please read on.  The telephone  
nunber to call is listed below.

Thanks,
Phil Menos

--------------------------------------------------------------
                      SUBJECTS NEEDED

I AM A Ph.D. CANDIDATE IN CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY, CONDUCTING A
STUDY OF THE POSTPARTUM PERIOD, A LONG NEGLECTED AREA OF
RESEARCH.

                IF YOU ARE 18-40, FEMALE AND

O    EITHER RECENTLY GAVE BIRTH TO A CHILD (WITHIN THE LAST
     NINE MONTHS)

O    OR DO NOT HAVE CHILDREN AND ARE NOT CURRENTLY PREGNANT,

YOU ARE ELIGIBLE TO PARTICIPATE IN A STUDY THAT WILL TAKE 15
MINUTES OF YOUR TlME WITH ME.  AFTER THIS BRIEF MEETING, YOU
WILL BE GIVEN A PACKET OF PSYCHOLOGICAL INVENTORIES THAT WILL
TAKE 40 MINUTES TO 1 1/2 HOURS TO COMPLETE (DEPENDING ON
WHETHER YOU CHOOSE TO DO THE ABBREVIATED VERSION OR NOT), AT
YOUR LEISURE.  THE PACKET WILL BE SELF-ADDRESSED AND STAMPED.
WHEN YOU ARE DONE, JUST PUT IT INTO THE MAILBOX.

AFTER THE REBULTS HAVE BEEN ANALYZED, IF YOU WISH, I WILL
CALL YOU TO ANSWER ANY QUESTIONS THAT YOU MIGHT HAVE ABOUT
THE 5TUDY AND TO GIVE YOU FEEDBACK REGARDING YDUR TYPICAL
MODES OF FUNCTIONING ALONG VARIOUS DIMENSIONS OF PERSONALITY,
YOUR TYPICAL SHIFTS IN PERSONALITY ORGANIZATION UNDER STRESS,
YOUR PERSONAL STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES AND OTHER PATTERNS OF
PSYCHOLOGICAL FUNCTIONING SUGGESTED BY YOUR RESPONSES.

THE STUDY IS BEING CONDUCTED ALONG AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL
ASSOCIATION RESEARCH GUIDELINES.  ALL DATA IS STRICTLY
CONFIDENTIAL.  YOU WILL BE IDENTIFIED WITH A CODE NUMBER.
INFORMATION LINKING YOU WITH THIS CODE NUMBER WILL BE
DESTROYED ONCE WE HAVE HAD OUR TELEPHONE FEEDBACK SESSION.

IF YOU ARE INTERESTED IN PARTICIPATING OR GETTING MORE
INFORMATION, PLEASE CALL:

                           Micka
                        (212) 666-2174.

              PLEASE PASS THIS ON TO A FRIEND.

                        THANK YOU.

--------------------------------------------------------------
-- 
-------------------------------------------------------------
G. Philippe Menos [gpmenos@firestone.princeton.edu]
Systems Administrator,   Princeton University Libraries
voice:  609-258-5183     fax:  609-258-5571
Newsgroups: sci.chem
From: aankrom@nyx.cs.du.edu (Anthony Ankrom)
Subject: free alkali metals
Organization: Nyx, Public Access Unix @ U. of Denver Math/CS dept.
Date: Sun, 24 Jan 93 19:34:57 GMT


 Is there a practical laboratory procedure for obtaining free alkali
metals such as lithium and sodium from their salts? One example might be
electrolysis, but is the aparatus necessary for this easilly set up in a
lab?

St. Anthony
From: minidis@urz.unibas.ch ( Capt.J.T. Kirk )
Newsgroups: sci.chem
Subject: Re: Re: humor
Date: 26 Jan 93 10:56:59 MET
Organization: University of Basel, Switzerland

>
>>A chemist is a man who washes his hands _before_ he goes to the bathroom.
>
>The summer before grad school I did an internship with a small
>pharmaceutical company.  I found that there was an easy way to tell the
>chemists from the biologists:
>
>1) The chemists wash their hands *before* going to the bathroom, and
>
>2) The biologists wear their lab coats to lunch.
>
Another way to tell chemists from biologists and pharmacists in our University
is that:
a) chemists don`t wear good clothes (unless they are just writing on their
   Doktor-Thesis) and they almost never wear lab coats.
b) biol. and pharm. are always dressed nicely and always wear lab coats
   (but not during lunch)

Alexander, Uni Basel, Switzerland
-- 
Alexander                                <minidis@urz.unibas.ch>
----------------------------------------------------------------
-      Klingons Hate Tribbles And Tribbles Hate Klingons       -
----------------------------------------------------------------
From: nuke@reed.edu (Bill Newcomb)
Newsgroups: sci.chem
Subject: Re: XRAY diffraction of C60 CRISTAL
Date: 28 Jan 93 01:23:40 GMT
Article-I.D.: reed.1993Jan28.012340.3202
Organization: Reed College, Portland, OR

laurent@cenerg.cma.f writes:

>But I read in papers that C60 cristal was not a real cristal 
>but a "molecular cristal" in the sense that every buckyball
>(at non zero temperature) is moving arround the sphere center with 
>a random movement (no covalent link between atoms of two buckyball).
>So how to be able to tell where individual atoms are ?

Well, strictly speaking there shouldn't be any covalent linkages between
carbons on adjacent buckyballs, or you'd have polybuckyball, or something.
However I do believe the part about them rotating in place, which would make
the possibility of obtaining a good diffraction pattern somewhat less. If
there were enough of an energy minimum at some orientation, then they might
be in one place enough of the time for the average to be visible. If I am
wrong about this one then someone call me on it. It seems at least possible
that I am, but this may be something of a unique problem for fullerenes.

Bill Newcomb
nuke@reed.edu
--
~/.oo
Newsgroups: sci.chem
From: ns14@crux3.cit.cornell.edu (Nathan Otto Siemers)
Subject: Re: Trichloroacetic Acid
Organization: Department of Chemistry, Cornell Univ.
	<1993Jan20.210235.13051@news.uakron.edu>
Date: 26 Jan 93 00:23:13


>>>>> On Wed, 20 Jan 1993 21:02:35 GMT, markm@iris.polymer.uakron.edu (Mark Alan Matties) said:

>> 
>>  
>> I've got this rather annoying little wart on my thumb, and my doctor
>> prescribed Trichloroacetic Acid to "burn it off".  The only problem is
>> that they want $59.00 for 3ml, and I as a Chemistry Enthusiast, do not
>> feel right spending $59.00 for a little splash of solution.
>>  
>> Does anyone know if Trichloroacetic Acid can be purchased as a
>> chemical solution through normal sources without a licence?  If so,
>> Where?
>>  
>> Judging by the name, and from what I can guesstimate the molecular 
>> structure to be, it should be possible to Chlorinate normal Glacial 
>> Acetic acid, yes?  Does anyone have some good suggestions on how I might 
>> go about doing this?
>>  
>> Thanks.
>> 
>> --
>> Byron Reynolds (bbs.byron@gilligan.tsoft.net)

>	Please don't try this chlorination without extraordinary care!
>The partially chlorinated acetic acids are quite toxic--I believe
>that monochloroacetic acid is mutagenic, although I don't have the
>MSDS sheet in front of me.  In fact, home-prepping anything you
>intend to use in or on your body is a very bad idea.  There are
>reasons why pharmaceutical
 Mark> ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 Mark> ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^              
>companies are so highly regulated.


 Mark> take special note of this. if you don't want to fork over the
 Mark> $59, try compound w instead.

	Free (if you are a chemist) is dry ice.

	5-10 minutes of application on a wart will kill tissue,
blister, in about 2-3 weeks the blister will be fully healed, and the
wart gone.

--
/  | / /__|  /  /---/ /__| /  | /    nathan@chemres.tn.cornell.edu
From: dblackbu@alleg.edu (Dave Blackburn)
Newsgroups: sci.chem
Subject: Re: HELP Wanted!
Date: 22 Jan 93 02:12:15 GMT
Article-I.D.: pellns.1993Jan22.021215.28677
Organization: Allegheny College

In article <1993Jan21.132902.91052@vaxc.cc.monash.edu.au>  
hewitt@vaxc.cc.monash.edu.au writes:
|What does "ten times less" mean.  Does it mean "one tenth" or does it mean
|what it says, i.e.  -(10 x argon) which is clearly nonsense.  How about  
trying
|for unambiguous scientific communication!
|
|David Hewitt
|Chemistry Department
|Monash University
|
|In article <davidlai.727493792@unixg.ubc.ca>, davidlai@unixg.ubc.ca (David TW  
Lai) writes:
|> Hi netters
|> 
|> 	I'm puzzling around the following problem and I am wondering
|> whether some netters would be able to give me some hints/helps on
|> the problem.
|> 
|> QUESTION
|> --------
|> A rock specimen contains precisely ten times less potassium-40 than its
|> radioactive decay product (half-life 1.3 billion years) argon-40.  How
|> old is this rock and where did it come from?
|> 
|> 	THanks in advance.
|> 
|> David.
|> 

Well, if one interpretation is reasonable and the other is "clearly nonsens"  
that seems pretty unambiguous to me!

--

* Dave Blackburn  dblackbu@alleg.edu  flames to self@home.dev.null *          
* Chemistry, Macs, Hypercard, cats,  <>< religion, & the Dead      *
* (Anyone else who held these opinions would be as crazy as I am.) *
*   "Sometimes the songs that we hear are just songs of our own"   *
Newsgroups: sci.chem
From: mueller@cage.eng.mcmaster.ca (Edna Mueller)
Subject: silver in the environment
Organization: McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
Date: Thu, 21 Jan 1993 20:42:22 GMT

First International Conference 
"Transport, fate and effects of silver in the environment"

University of Wisconsin-Madison

August 8-10, 1993

For more information contact:

Prof. Anders W. Andren, UW Sea Grant Institute, University of Wisconsin-
Madison, 1800 University Ave., Madison, WI 53705-4094
Tele:(608)262-0905

or 

Prof. James R. Kramer, Department of Geology, McMaster University,
1280 Main Str. W., Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8S 4M1
Tele:(416)525-9140 Ext. 4514
email:kramer@mcmaster.ca

Newsgroups: sci.chem
From: cross@magnus.acs.ohio-state.edu (Charles W Ross)
Subject: Re: Mac Fonts with double arrow
Organization: The Ohio State University
Date: Tue, 26 Jan 1993 18:43:32 GMT


     In Microsoft Word 4.0, besides using special fonts to get the
equilibrium arrows, you can use the mathematical typesetting options
(check under help for the specific info) to place one arrow on top
of another.  Mathematical typesetting can be used for other effects
such as the 'not equal to' sign.


Charles W. Ross III
The Ohio State University

cross@magnus.acs.ohio-state.edu
Newsgroups: sci.chem
From: mfrancis@binah.cc.brandeis.edu (Ma. Elena Y. Francisco)
Subject: Re: humor
Reply-To: mfrancis@binah.cc.brandeis.edu
Organization: Brandeis University
Date: Sat, 23 Jan 1993 16:00:50 GMT

if you think some of what students do in the lab is funny, you should
check out some of their written lab reports.  Sometimes these people
could say the funniest things.

The funniest, by far, was this sampling from a student who shall
remain nameless:

	1.  Look around the lab; make friends in lab.
	2.  Be friendly to TA.
	3.  Listen to TA lecture.
	4.  Wear goggles.
	5.  Take plates and draw on them.

I think you get the picture.  (This was for an o-chem lab in which
the student was to figure out the components of their favourite
over the counter drugs by tlc ...)


--
==============================================================================
Lyn Francisco, First Year Graduate Student      |"There is no power stronger
Brandeis University, Dept. of Chemistry         | Than gentleness of heart."
BitNet:    mfrancis@brandeis.bitnet             |
Internet:  mfrancis@binah.cc.brandeis.edu       |          -- Jose Mari Chan
==============================================================================
Newsgroups: sci.chem
From: y.wang@hawkesbury.uws.EDU.AU (Yasmine Wang (postgrad))
Subject: Looking for the Databases 
Organization: University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury
Date: Mon, 25 Jan 1993 09:10:20 GMT

     Would somesone please tell me how I can access to the following 
databases:

     *  Scientific and Technical Network (STN)

     *  Dialog

     *  Orbit

on IBM PC. 

     Thanks in advance.
Newsgroups: sci.chem
From: ajpg1322@uxa.cso.uiuc.edu (Angelo J. Paguia)
Subject: Re: Buckminster Fuller(ene)
Organization: University of Illinois at Urbana
Date: Sun, 24 Jan 1993 06:52:27 GMT

s893971@minyos.xx.rmit.OZ.AU (Adrian Ugoni) writes:

>Is there any connection between the
>name given to the bucky balls and this author?

The soccerball-like structure of buckyballs reminded their discoverer
of Buckminster Fuller's geodesic dome designs, and so he named him
after Mr. Bucky! Ah, er, Mr. Fuller.

Buckyballs were first discovered around 1985-86 by Dr. Rick Smalley
and coworkers at Rice University in Texas. At that time, the buckyballs
showed up in the time-of-flight mass spectra (I think. If not, then
probably quadrupole mass spectra) as very prominent spikes at the mass
of 60 carbon atoms (and less prominent ones at, I think, 72 and 80 atoms
or something) in molecular beam experiments. Its stability was identified
immediately and the soccerball-shape proposed. The proposed shape was
not accepted by a lot of people for a long time until definitive tunneling
microscope scans showed soccerballs on a surface sprayed with buckyballs.

The real name given was Buckminsterfullerene, but who's gonna call 'em
that, huh ? So, they chucked it and named it after Mr. Bucky, instead. :*)

Angelo Paguia