Newsgroups: bit.listserv.c18-l
Date:         Sun, 13 Sep 1992 23:22:50 EDT
From:         BCJ@PSUVM.BITNET
Subject:      C18-L Kalendar: September 14-20 (reasons to celebrate!)

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*                                                                   *
*             THE KALENDAR - REASONS TO CELEBRATE                   *
*                                                                   *
*             Compiled for C18-L by Kevin Berland                   *
*                       BCJ@PSUVM.BITNET                            *
*                       BCJ@psuvm.psu.edu                           *
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                           SEPTEMBER 14

     BIRTHDAYS:  Henry Cornelius Agrippa, German alchemist &
philosopher (1486);  Jan van Olden Barnveldt, Dutch statesman,
champion of Dutch independence (1547-1619);  Browne Willis, English
antiquarian (1682);  Alexander von Humboldt, German scientist &
explorer, student of earth's magnetic fields, of climate, rock formations,
and volcanoes (1769-1859);

     LATER BIRTHDAYS OF INTEREST:  William Henry Cavendish
Bentinck, later governor-general of India (1774);  Franz Bopp, German
comparative philologist (1791-1867);  Ivan Petrovich Pavlov, Russian
physiologist known for experiments in conditioned reflexes in dogs
(1847-1936);  Hannibal Hamlin Garland, U.S. short-story & essay writer
(1860-1940);  Edgar Algernon Robert, 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood,
English statesman, 1919 Nobel Peace Prize (1864-1958);  Charles Dana
Gibson, U.S. artist & illustrator (1867-1944);  Margaret Higgins Sanger,
U.S. nurse, social reformer, founder of birth control movement (1883-
1966);  Jan Garrigue Masaryk, Czechoslovakian statesman (1886-1948);
Karl Taylor Compton, U.S. physicist, educator, president of M.I.T.
(1887-1954);  Hal Wallis, U.S. movie producer (1898-1944);  Lawrence
R. Klein, U.S. economist, developer of forecasting models (1920);  Nicol
Williamson, Scottish actor (1938);

     DEATHS:  John Dominic Cassini (1712);  Charles Rollin (1741);  Louis
Joseph de Montcalm (1759)

     ON THIS DAY IN HISTORY:  in 1752, England adopted the
Gregorian calendar, moving from September 3 the previous day to
September 14, losing 11 days in the English calendar, which made
people rather nervous;  in 1770 Denmark abolished censorship;  in
1814 Francis Scott Key, watching the bombardment of Fort McHenry,
wrote the words to the "Star-Spangled Banner," later to become (with
the addition of a nearly-impossible-to-sing tune lifted from English
opera) the U.S. national anthem;

     MISCELLANEA:  Today Nicaragua celebrates the anniversary of the
Battle of San Jacinto.  It's Holyrood Day, and the feast of St. Notburga,
patron of poor peasants & hired servants.  On this day in 1901 U.S.
president William McKinley died from an assassin's bullet, leaving
Teddy Roosevelt the job;  in 1939 Igor Sikorsky flew the 1st successful
helicopter.

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                       SEPTEMBER 15

     BIRTHDAYS:  Georg Rodolf Weckherin, German poet, translator,
parliamentary secretary to 2 English kings (1584-1653);  Francois, duc
de la Rochefoucauld, French moralist, maxim writer (1613-89);  Jean
Sylvain Bailly, French astronomer (1736);  Manuel Maria Barbosa du
Bocage, Portuguese poet, leader of Nova Arcadia group (1765-1805);

     LATER BIRTHDAYS OF INTEREST:  John, Lord Campbell, English
statesman, chancellor (1779);  James Fenimore Cooper, U.S. novelist
(1789-1851);  Porfirio Diaz, Mexican statesman, president, dictator
(1830-1915);  Heinrich Cotthard von Treitschke, German historian
(1834-96(;  Jan Ernst Matzeliger, U.S. inventor of the shoe-lasting
machine (1852-89);  William Howard Taft. U.S. jurist, 1903-13 17th
president, chief justice of supreme court (1857-1930);  Bruno Walter
Schlesinger, better known by his 1st two names, German conductor
(1876-1962);  Sir Joseph Aloysius Lyons, Australian statesman, premier
of Tasmania, PM (1879-1939);  Robert Charles Benchley, U.S. humorist
("I do most of my writing sitting down. That is where I shine."), New
Yorker writer ("A great many people have come up to me and asked
how I managed to get so much done and still look so dissipated."), poet
("One, two, three / Buckle my shoe"), critic ("It took me 15 years to
discover that I had no talent for writing, but I couldn't give it up
because by that time I was too famous"), philosopher ("A boy can learn
a lot from a dog: loyalty, obedience, and the importance of turning
around three times before lying down.") (1889-1945);  Dame Agatha
Mary Clarissa Christie, English mystery novelist, playwright, who once
observed, "An archaeologist is the best husband a woman can have; the
older she gets, the more interested he is in her." (1890-1976);  Jean
Renoir, French film-maker, son of painter Pierre Auguste (1894-1979);
Umberto II, briefly 3rd King of united Italy (1904-83);  Margaret
Lockwood, English actress (1916);  Jackie Cooper, U.S. actor (1922);
Hank Williams, U.S. honky-tonk country music singer, songwriter
(1923-53);  Julian Edwin "Cannonball" Adderly, U.S. jazz saxophonist
(1928-75);  Murray Gell-Mann, U.S. physicist (1929);

     DEATHS:  Sidney, Earl of Godolphin (1712); Abbe Terrasson (1750);
General Lazarus Hoche (1797);

     ON THIS DAY IN HISTORY:  in 1776, British troops under General
Howe seized New York City, recently evacuated by Washington's
Continental troops;  in 1812, the Russians burned Moscow to prevent in
from falling into Napoleon's hands;

     MISCELLANEA:  Today is Independence day in Costa Rica, El
Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua, all of which celebrate
independence from Spain (1821);  in Japan it's Res[ect for the Aged
Day.  It's also the Feast of the Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin
Mary.  On this day in 1977, 1200 South African students were arrested
under the Riotous Assemblies Act for gathering to commemorate the
death of Steven Biko.

************************************************************************
                           SEPTEMBER 16

     BIRTHDAYS:  Henry St. John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke, English
politician, Jacobite, historian, friend of Swift & Pope, philosopher, exile
(1678-1751);  John Gay, English poet, playwright (1685-1732);  Prince
Mikhail Illarionovich Golenischev Kutuzov, Russian Field Marshall
defeated at Austerlitz and Borodino (1745-1813);  Nathan Mayer, 1st
Baron Rothschild, German-born British financier, bankrolled
European countries fighting Napoleon (1777-1836);

     LATER BIRTHDAYS OF INTEREST:  Thomas Barnes, editor of the
(London) Times (1785);  James Francis Stephens, English entomologist
(1792);   Francis Parkman, U.S. historian (1823-93);  Pedro V, King of
Portugal (1837-61);  Andrew Bonar Law, British politician, PM (1858-
1923);  James Cash Penney, U.S. merchant, founder of department
stores bearing his name (1875-1971);  Jacob Schick, U.S. razor-maker
(1877-1937);  Thomas Ernest "T.E." Hulme, British imagist poet, critic,
philosopher (1883-1917);  Karen Horney, Norwegian-Dutch
psychoanalyst, teacher (1885-1952);  Hans or Jean Arp, French dadaist
painter, sculptor, poet (1887-1966);  Nadia Juliette Boulanger, French
conductor, teacher (1887-1979);  Frans Eemil Sillanpaa, Finnish novelist,
1939 Nobel laureate (1888-1964);  Albert Szent-Gyorgyi, Hungarian-
born U.S. biochemist, student of vitamins (1893);  Laurence Peter,
Canadian educator, student of organizational competence (1919);  Betty
Joan Perske, better known as Lauren Bacall, U.S. actress (1924);  Riley
"B.B." King, U.S. blues singer, songwriter, guitarist (1925);  John
Knowles, U.S. novelist (1926);  Peter Falk, U.S. actor (1927);

     DEATHS:  Anne Bradstreet (1672); James II, ex-king of England
(1701); Gabriel Daniel Fahrenheit (1736);  Allen, Earl of Bathurst (1775)

     ON THIS DAY IN HISTORY:  in 1620 the "Pilgrim ship" the
Mayflower set sail from Plymouth, England.

     MISCELLANEA:  Mexico celebrates its independence from Spain
(1810);  Papua, New Guinea, celebrates its independence from
Australia (1975).  On this day in 1966, the new Metropolitan Opera
House opened in New York's Lincoln Center.

************************************************************************
                              SEPTEMBER 17

     BIRTHDAYS:  Francisco Gomez de Quevedo y Villegas, Spanish
Golden Age satirist (1580-1645);  Baron Friedrich Wilhelm Augustus
von Steuben, Prussian general responsible for training the Continental
Army during the American Revolution (1730-94);  John Cartwright,
English parliamentary reformer )1740-1824);  Marie-Jean-Antoine-
Nicolas Caritat, Marquis de Condorcet, French philosopher,
mathematician, political economist (1743-94);

     LATER BIRTHDAYS OF INTEREST:  Samuel Prout, English water-
colour painter (1783);   Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann, German
mathematician, non-Euclidean geometer (1826-66);  David Dunbar
Buick, pioneering U.S. automobile builder, lost control of the Buick
company & died in obscurity as a clerk in a trade school (1854-1929);
Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky, Russian physicist (1857-1935);
Christian Louis Lange, Norwefian historian, pacifist, 1921 Nobel Peace
Prize (1869-1938);  William Carlos Williams, U.S. poet, physician (1883-
1963);  Sam Ervin, Jr., U.S. politician, opposed Nixon's claim to
executive privilege during the Watergate Hearings (1896);  John
Willard Marriott, U.S. hotelier (1900);  SIr Frederick Ashton, British
choreographer (1904);  Junius Richard Jayawardene, Sri Lanka
statesman, president (1906);  Warren Burger, U.S. jurist, chief justice
(1907);  Mary Stewart, British romantic suspense novelist (1916);
Yumzhagiyen Tsedenbal, Mongolian statesman, chairman (1916);
Chaim Herzog, Israeli statesman, ambassador (1918);  Anna Maria
Italiano, better known as Anne Bancroft, U.S. actress;  Ken Kesey, U.S.
novelist (1935);

     DEATHS:  Tobias Smollett (1771);

     ON THIS DAY IN HISTORY:  in 1665 Philip IV of Spain died & was
succeeded by Charles II;  in 1787 the U.S. Constitution was signed by
delegates to the Constitutional Convention;  in 1796 U.S. president
George Washington delevered his Farewell Address to the American
People;  in 1806 Sweden ceded Finland to Russia in the Peace of
Frederikshamm.

     MISCELLANEA:  September 17 is Day of the National Hero in Angola.
On this day in 1224, St. Francis of Assisi received the stigmata.

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                           SEPTEMBER 18

     BIRTHDAYS:  Gilbert Burnet, Scottish historian, bishop (1643);
Samuel Johnson, English poet, essayist, lexicographer,
conversationalist ("I live in the crowd of jollity, not so much to enjoy
company as to shun myself"), critic ("Of all noises, I think music is the
least disagreeable"), gourmet ("A cucumber should be well-sliced,
dressed with pepper and vinegar, and then thrown out"), biographer
(1709-84);

     LATER BIRTHDAYS OF INTEREST:  Gregory XVI, pope 1831-46
(1765-1846);  Joseph Story, U.S. jurist (1779-1845);  Christian VIII, King
of Denmark 1839-48 (1786-1848);  William Collins, English painter
(1787);  Jean Bernard Leon Foucault, French physicist, inventor of the
gyroscope and Foucault's pendulum, which is a novel by Umberto Eco,
but before that was a device to demonstrate the earth's rotation (1819-
68);  John Hessin Clarke, U.S. jurist (1857-1946);  John Elmer Maytag,
U.S. industrialist, developer of the modern automatic washing machine
(1883-1940);  Powel Crosley, Jr., U.S. industrialist, inventor of the
vacuum tube socket (1886-1961);  John George Diefenbaker, Canadian
lawyer, statesman, 1957-63 PM (1895-1979);  Harold Clurman, U.S.
theatre director, founder of the Stanislavsky-Method-using Group
Theatre (1901-80);  Greta Lovisa Gustaffsson, better known as Greta
Garbo, Swedish actress (1905-91);  Eddie "Rochester" Anderson,
gravel-voiced U.S. actor, butler to Jack Benny & Cosmo Topper (1905-
77);  Lily Claudette Chauchoin, better known as Claudette Colbert,
French-born U.S. actress (1905);  Pal Losonczi, Hungarian politician,
president (1919);

     ON THIS DAY IN HISTORY:  in 1679 the North American province
of New Hampshire was separated from Massachusetts;

     MISCELLANEA:  Burundi celebrates the Victory of UPRONA Day
(1958);  Chile celebrates Independence Day (1810, 1818).  On this day
in 1717 the Ukulele was patented by the Honolulu Ad Club.

**********************************************************************
                            SEPTEMBER 19

     BIRTHDAYS:  William Kirby, English entomologist, divine (1759);

     LATER BIRTHDAYS OF INTEREST:  Lajos Kossuth, Hungarian
patriot, statesman, president (1802-94);  William Hesketh Lever, 1st
Viscount Leverhulme, British soapmaker, founder of Lever Bros. and
Port Sunlight, the company's model community for its employees (1851-
1925);  Arthur Rackham, English artist, fairy-tale illustrator (1867-1939);
Rachel Lyman Field, U.S. novelist & childrens' book writer (1894-1942);
Joseph Banks Rhine, U.S. psychologist, researcher in extrasensory
perception and psychic phenomena (1895-1980);  Bergen Evans, U.S.
critic, grammarian (1904-78);  Leon Jaworski, U.S. lawyer, Watergate
Special Prosecutor (1905-82);  William Gerald Golding, English novelist,
1984 Nobel laureate (1911);  Elbert Clifton Daniel, Jr., U.S. journalist,
NY Times editor (1912);  Oscar Handlin, U.S. historian (1915);  Mike
Royko, Chicago-based U.S. commentator (1932);  "Mama" Cass Elliott,
U.S. singer (1941-74);  Leslie Hornby, better known as Twiggy, English
model, singer, & actress (1949);

     DEATHS:  Charles Edward Poulett Thompson, Lord Sydenham,
Governor of Canada (1841);

     ON THIS DAY IN HISTORY:  in 1783, the 1st live-cargo-carrying
balloon (bearing a sheep, a duck, & a rooster) made its ascent in France;

     MISCELLANEA:  Today is the Feast of St. Gennaro (Januarius),
patron of Napoli.  On this day in 1928 the mouse who soon became
Mickey Mouse 1st appeared, in Walt Disney's Steamboat Willie;

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                         SEPTEMBER 20

     BIRTHDAYS:  Alexander the Great of Macedonia (356 B.C.E.);
Charles Carroll, American Revolutionary leader, member of
Continental Congress, signer of Declaration of Independence, U.S.
senator (1737-1832);

     LATER BIRTHDAYS OF INTEREST:  Maria Paulina Bonaparte,
Napoleon's sister (1780);  David Ross Locke, U.S. political satirist,
abolitionist, who wrote under the sobriquet Petroleum V. Nasby (1833-
88);  Ernesto T. Moneta, Italian journalist, 1907 Nobel Peace Prize
(1833-1917);  Sir James Dewar, Scottish physicist, chemist, in 1898 1st to
produce liquid nitrogen, inventor of the Dewar Vessel, which gave rise
to the vacuum bottle, and coinventor of cordite (1842-1923);  George
Bird Grinnel, U.S. naturalist, editor, author, among the founders of the
Audubon Society, main force behind Glacier National Park (1849-1938);
Upton Beal Sinclair, U.S. novelist, social reformer, politician (1878-
1968);  Maxwell Evarts Perkins, U.S. editor, promoter of U.S. novelists
Fitzgerald, Hemingway, & Wolfe (1884-1947);  Ferdinand "Jellyroll"
Morton, U.S. ragtime & jazz pianist & composer (1885-1941);  Sister
Elizabeth Kenny, Australian nurse, developer of treatment for polio
(1886-1952);  Margartet Florence "Stevie" Smith, English poet (1902);
Sophia Scicoloni, better known as Sophia Loren, Italian actress (1934);

     ON THIS DAY IN HISTORY:  in 1697, Spain ceded some West Indian
territories to England, France, & Holland in the Treaty of Ryswyck,
ending the War of the League of Augsburgh;

     MISCELLANEA:  Today is celebrated -- though not widely enough --
in the U.S. as International Day of Peace, sponsored by the Franklin
Delano Roosevelt Philatelic Society.  It's also the Feast of St. Eustace,
patron of hunters, invoked against fires & for protection from hell.  On
this day in 1973 Billie Jean King defeated Bobby Riggs 6-4, 6-3, 6-3, in a
$100,000 tennis match in Texas billed as the Battle of the Sexes.
Comments: Gated by NETNEWS@AUVM.AMERICAN.EDU