HDTenEightyP/NetNews huggingface dataset:
From: robp@landru.network.com (Rob Peglar)
Subject: Re: Cisco Bridging
Reply-To: robp@landru.network.com
Organization: Network Systems Corporation 
Date: Thu, 15 Oct 92 15:32:13 GMT

In article 18209@walter.cray.com, hens@snipe.cray.com (Tom Stephens) writes:
>
>In article <1992Oct13.071055.1213@medtron.medtronic.com>, rh0083b@medtronic.COM (Roger-Hunen) writes:
>> With Cisco routers you can route IP and bridge others, no problem. You just
>> cannot route *and* bridge the same protocol.
>> 
>
>
>Ok, Ok, I am now throughly convinced that I cannot route and bridge the same protocol, in this case IP.  Thank you for all the posts and email.  


This is not the case!

Our b/routers (and I would be very surprised if Cisco's were not similar) can
  a) bridge and route concurrently
  b) bridge and route the same protocol in the same router concurrently

but _cannot_ bridge and route the same protocol _on the same interface_ of
the router concurrently.

As to why one wouldn't want to bridge and route the same protocol on the
same interface concurrently, think about it for a while.  Use your common
sense.

Rob

---
-legal mumbo jumbo follows-
This mail/post only reflects the opinions of the poster (author), 
and in no manner reflects any corporate policy, statement, opinion,
or other expression by Network Systems Corporation.

Newsgroups: comp.dcom.sys.cisco
From: Peter Elford <P.Elford@aarnet.edu.au>
Subject: Compressors
Date: 7 Oct 92 11:23:23 +1000


We are investigating the use of in-line data compressors on our
international 512K satellite service. I'd be very interested in hearing
from any sites that have used such devices between two routers,
particularly if they are using FastComm "Time Machines" and/or are
shipping "normal" IP only Internet traffic.

These devices sit between the router and the CSU/DSU and provide
compression rates of between between 2:1 and 6:1. Because the 
compressor offers a faster clock rate to the router, you get an
effective bandwidth increase without have to pay for a higher
capacity circuit (which between the US and Australia is big bucks),
eg.


Router ------ Compressor ------ CS/DSU -----> leased link
         ^                 ^
         |                 |

Clocked at between	Clocked at between
56K and 6M		56K and 2M

Peter Elford,                             e-mail: P.Elford@aarnet.edu.au
Network Co-ordinator                      phone: +61 6 249 3542
Australian Academic Research Network      fax:   +61 6 249 1369
c/o, Computer Services Centre             pager: +61 6 245 3035
Australian National University            post: GPO Box 1142     
Canberra, AUSTRALIA                             Canberra ACT 2601
Newsgroups: comp.dcom.sys.cisco
From: milton@vivian.enet.dec.com (Tony Milton)
Subject: Re: Help with Collision Problem
Reply-To: milton@vivian.enet.dec.com
Organization: Digital Equipment Corporation
Date: Wed, 7 Oct 1992 08:42:22 GMT


In article <199210061429.AA20423@spot.Colorado.EDU>, Ratilal.R.Haria@nrc.ca writes:
|>Newsgroups: comp.dcom.sys.cisco
|>Path: rdg.dec.com!news.crl.dec.com!deccrl!caen!spool.mu.edu!agate!boulder!recnews
|>From: Ratilal.R.Haria@nrc.ca
|>Subject: Help with Collision Problem
|>Message-ID: <199210061429.AA20423@spot.Colorado.EDU>
|>Sender: news@colorado.edu
|>Organization: NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF CANADA
|>Date: 06 Oct 92 10:18:37 EDT
|>Lines: 11
|>
|>Hi,
|>
|>  Since about a week, we have been getting lots of collisions.
|>  Seems to be about 2-5 collisions every 5 secs. To isolate the
|>  source of these collisions, we have disconnected segements of
|>  the backbone. But we have been unsuccesful in finding the
|>  source of collisions.
|>
|>  Any help/cluses/pointer?
|>
|>Thanks ... Ratilal
|>
I take it you are talking about ethernet?
2-5 collisions every 5 secs are not a lot of collisions - collisions are
a normal occurrence (thats how ethernet works) the number will depend on
the configuration and use of your network. What actual problems are you
seeing, what is your configuration?

Tony.
--
 +------------------------------------+--------------------------------+
 | Tony Milton                        | milton@vivian.enet.dec.com     |
 | Digital Equipment Corporation      | tony.milton@hhl.mts.dec.com    |
 | Digital Services, London, England. |                                |
 +------------------------------------+--------------------------------+
Date: Friday, 16 Oct 1992 09:25:35 +01
Newsgroups: comp.dcom.sys.cisco
Subject: Re: Accessing SNA Gateway through CISCO Routers
From: Andre' Pirard <pirard@vm1.ulg.ac.be>
X-UserAgent: Nuntius v1.1.1d11
X-XXMessage-ID: <A70439DDB702180A@ampa.segi.ulg.ac.be>
X-XXDate: Fri, 16 Oct 92 08:20:29 GMT
Distribution: world
Organization: Universite' de Lie`ge (Belgium)

In article <1992Oct15.233048.19646@honte.uleth.ca> Grant Fengstad,
fengstad@xi.uleth.ca writes:
>My question then is...  Is it possible to run a 3270 based Terminal
>Emulation package, such as IBM's PC/3270, have the program communicate
>over the Ethernet channel (via 802.2/SNAP), where then the IGS/R will
>forward the packets to the AGS+/4 and finally the AGS+/4 will know how
>to forward to the SNA Gateway, which will be situated on the same
>Token Ring as the AGS+/4?
>
>The AGS+/4 routers will have the bridging software.  The IGS/R's will
>not.

We are a university providing service on 3270 terminals (like your C. A.).
We would have preferred to emulate tn3270 on TCP/IP proper, but we did
not find a good emulator with our requirements: plain DOS, full Latin1
character set, 8 colors and printing capabilities on local PC.
The nearest to this is Reflection 8, but it has no print.
If you know one, PLEASE make it known.

Partly on "strong" suggestion of our clients, we have adopted IRMA
software.
SNA/Netbios (TR/Ether) gateways (PCs) our side, Ether client PC stations
across.
Some are DECNET fans and we've routed DECNET to here to run Netbios on
DECNET for them, with success (just finding a confidence parameter took a
long time to prevent rebooting the ciscos causing the SNA sessions to
close shop).

We have recently tried the same IRMA gateways with Netbios on IP for
other clients, fans of IP on X.25. Lan Workplace (purchased via Siemens)
caused unsolved problems (server gateway crashing when more than one
client is active). We're on to try good old FTP Software.

As you can see, I am as intersted in alternate solutions as you.
My (personal) opinion is that the machine with the fewer parts works
best.
TCP/IP performs nicely in most cases and is easy to route.
VM TCP/IP works well once you've got around IBM's own view of the
protocol.
But a "perfect" TN3270 (as explained above) still has to be found.

BTW, does anyone know an e-mail address of Walker Richer & Quinn, of
Reflection suite?

-----
Andre Pirard          SEGI, Univ. de Li`ge         139.165 IP coordinator
B26 - Sart Tilman     B-4000 Li`ge 1 (Belgium)            +32 (41) 564932
pirard@vm1.ulg.ac.be  alias PIRARD@BLIULG11.BITNET
Newsgroups: comp.dcom.sys.cisco
From: gschenk@wimsey.bc.ca (Gerry Schenk)
Subject: Delay problem on Serial Connection
Organization: BC News and Mail
Date: Mon, 12 Oct 1992 18:10:28 GMT

Hi All.

  I am experiencing delay difficulties with a synchronous 19.2k link to our 
sister company.  Every 60 seconds, I get a delay of ten seconds.  If I ping 
a host on the other side of the Serial connection, I get a response time of 
88ms, until I hit that 10 second period, where the response time shoots up 
to around 16000ms.  

Our setup consists of a CGS and an AGS cisco routers. The routers are hooked up to Novell servers, where they are running RIP on the Novell side of the net.

At first, I thought the problem might be related to SAPs coming from Novell.  
So, I limited the number of hosts from 70 to 6 hosts, hosts that we need to 
communicate with, where the SAPS are allowed to retransmit over the Serial 
connection.  The response time improved marginally, in that the 10 second delay is now around 8000 - 10000ms.  

At this point, I have not attempted to limit any other broadcasts.  The next 
thing that I am going to try and do is limit the number of IP routes from the 
current 75, to the bare minimum.

Has anyone got any ideas, on how I can improve the response of this connection.  Is this 10 second delay truly the result of "broadcast storms"?  Any help
would be greatly appreciated.

TIA.

->Gerry Schenk
Newsgroups: comp.dcom.sys.cisco
From: hens@snipe.cray.com (Tom Stephens)
Subject: Re: Cisco Bridging
Organization: Cray Research, Inc.
Date: 13 Oct 92 07:37:22 CDT


In article <1992Oct13.071055.1213@medtron.medtronic.com>, rh0083b@medtronic.COM (Roger-Hunen) writes:
> In article <1992Oct12.081211.5814@walter.cray.com> hens@snipe.cray.com (Tom Stephens) writes:
> >I have read through the doc on bridging with a Cisco.  It seems that Cisco's
> >can either act as a bridge *OR* a router not both at the same time.  All I
> >want to do is bridge two ethernets together and keep routing IP as I am now.
> >It seems like a fairly simple request.  Has anyone else had luck with this,
> >or is this not possible with a Cisco router?
> 
> With Cisco routers you can route IP and bridge others, no problem. You just
> cannot route *and* bridge the same protocol.
> 


Ok, Ok, I am now throughly convinced that I cannot route and bridge the same protocol, in this case IP.  Thank you for all the posts and email.  

Now, why is this????  As I have said before, I don't think this is an unreasonable request, especially since I have 2 specific uses for it right now!!  If knowing my reasons will help you, please send me mail and I will explain.  It is kind of a lengthly explanation.


Thanks again.

Tom.
--
---------------------------------
Tom Stephens
Corporate Computing and Networks, Chippewa Falls, WI
Cray Research Inc.  hens@cray.com
Newsgroups: comp.dcom.sys.cisco
From: fontaine@sri.ucl.ac.be (Alain Fontaine)
Subject: PPP question
Followup-To: comp.dcom.sys.cisco
Organization: Universite Catholique de Louvain
Date: Wed, 7 Oct 1992 15:19:58 GMT

At the risk of offending the audience of this list, I must first state that
we don't have any cisco machines ; our (IP) network is build with routers
from
another vendor. But I must now connect our network to another site that
uses
cisco's. PPP, of course. I have heard that the cisco's PPP implementation
does not support the LQM stuff. OK, I know how to disable it on my routers.
Nevertheless, my routers like to know when a line is not functioning, and I
do have the option of using PPP echo request/echo reply frames to do some
checking. Simple question: will the cisco on the other end dutyfully send
a PPP echo reply frame when it receives a PPP echo request frame from my
machine ? Thanks.                                 /AF
From: barmar@think.com (Barry Margolin)
Newsgroups: comp.dcom.sys.cisco
Subject: Re: "syslog: packet from unknown router"  message
Date: 14 Oct 1992 19:11:13 GMT
Organization: Thinking Machines Corporation, Cambridge MA, USA
NNTP-Posting-Host: telecaster.think.com

In article <1992Oct13.224915.2279@tron.bwi.wec.com> bernardi@pql840.bwi.wec.com (Dave Bernardi) writes:
>We use a Sun SPARCstation to tftpboot load our Cisco routers and also to log
>messages from them.  In this particular case we have two routers on the same 
>class "B" net with 2 different subnets.  They are broken on an even 8 bit 
>boundry.

From your suymptom, I assume that these subnets are on the same physical
ethernet segment (i.e. you're using the secondary address feature of the
router).

>The Sun is constantly complaining that "packet from unknown router, Router2".
>I guess this is because the Sun is on subnet 4  so it should not be hearing RIP
>updates from someone in subnet 117 ????

Right.  Put the following in your /etc/gateways file:

net 129.227.117.0 gateway Router2 metric 1 passive

This makes Router2 a "known" router, getting rid of the warnings.  However,
this route will be ignored by TCP/IP, because packets can only be routed
through a router on the same subnet.
-- 
Barry Margolin
System Manager, Thinking Machines Corp.

barmar@think.com          {uunet,harvard}!think!barmar
Newsgroups: comp.dcom.sys.cisco
From: nick@socrates.umd.edu (Nick Lemberos)
Subject: Proteon -> Cisco over serial line
Organization: University of Maryland University College
Distribution: usa
Date: Thu, 15 Oct 1992 16:56:23 GMT


I have 3 proteon p4100+s at remote locations, can i replace the
aging proteon p4200 they connected to,  w/ a cisco?

or in other words:

Do cisco's support point-to-point serial connections w/ proteons??

we route IPX and IP.



thanks

-- 
Nick Lemberos					nick@socrates.umd.edu 
   Academic Computing				     ^ sew-crates
      "Doing life with no chance for parole"       -L. Anderson
From: desouza@cbnewsi.cb.att.com (Osmund deSouza)
Newsgroups: comp.dcom.sys.cisco
Subject: fast switching route cache
Date: 8 Oct 92 20:49:09 GMT
Distribution: usa
Organization: AT&T Bell Laboratories

Beyond enabling and disabling fast switching with the route
cache, is there anything else that can be done to configure
the route cache on a cisco router? Specifically, is it
possible to ...

1) Regulate the maximum size, that is, the number of entries
   that can be contained in the route cache at any one time
   before the cache overflows and one or more entries are
   flushed.

2) Regulate the interval that an entry is kept in the route
   cache before being flushed.

What happens to the cache when the routing table is updated?
Is the whole cache flushed, or only those entries that have
changed in the routing table?

Please mail replies to osmund.desouza@att.com
Newsgroups: comp.dcom.sys.cisco
From: saint@mail (Ming-Jer Lee)
Subject: Secondary IP helper address
Organization: National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
X-Newsreader: Tin 1.1 PL3
Date: Mon, 28 Sep 1992 03:24:52 GMT

Dear expert:

     In our net, we need bootp server. And we want a primary bootp server
and one backup bootp server. My problem is:
    How to add secondary IP helper address in cisco router?

                   E-Mail : saint@mail.ncku.edu.tw
Newsgroups: comp.dcom.sys.cisco
From: pst@cisco.com (Paul Traina)
Subject: Re: Cisco Bridging
Organization: cisco Systems, Menlo Park, California, USA
Date: Thu, 15 Oct 1992 21:54:49 GMT

You might find the second on secondary IP addresses in the manual of interest.



-- 
P.J. O'Rourke explains why he is not a liberal: (I paraphrase)
"Say what you want about the Nazis, no woman has ever had a fantasy about
 being tied up and beaten by a man dressed as a liberal." -- richh@netcom.com
Newsgroups: comp.dcom.sys.cisco
From: watt-alan@net.yale.edu (Alan Watt)
Subject: Re: "syslog: packet from unknown router"  message
Originator: swatt@mickey.CS.Yale.Edu
Organization: Yale University, Computing & Information Systems
Date: Wed, 14 Oct 1992 19:01:56 GMT


In article <1992Oct13.224915.2279@tron.bwi.wec.com>, bernardi@pql840.bwi.wec.com (Dave Bernardi) writes:
|> We use a Sun SPARCstation to tftpboot load our Cisco routers and also to log
|> messages from them.  In this particular case we have two routers on the same 
|> class "B" net with 2 different subnets.  They are broken on an even 8 bit 
|> boundry.
|> 
|> Sun     129.228.4.129
|> Router1 129.228.4.88
|> Router2 129.228.117.1
|> 
|> The Sun is constantly complaining that "packet from unknown router, Router2".
|> I guess this is because the Sun is on subnet 4  so it should not be hearing RIP
|> updates from someone in subnet 117 ????
|> 
|> I am not much of a UNIX person so please don't be too detailed.  I hope this is as easy as putting something in the gateways file or something like that.  If 
|> you need more information please email.   Thanks.
|> 
|> 
|> Dave Bernardi  (410)765-6297

You have guessed correctly.  The problem is the routing daemon that comes
default on UNIX systems is "routed", which can't deal with multiple subnets
on the same cable.

My preference is to configure hosts as simple dumb hosts, with just
a default gateway address, and not run routed at all.  If you must
run a routing daemon on the Sun, get "gated" via anonymous FTP from:

	gated.cornell.edu:~ftp/pub/gated

		gated-2.1.tar.Z

This in infinitely smarter.
-- 
  Alan S. Watt
  Yale University			Computing and Information Systems
  Box 2112 Yale Station			(203) 432-6602
  New Haven, CT  06520-2112		Watt-Alan@Yale.Edu
From: gardner@ux1.cso.uiuc.edu (Mike Gardner)
Newsgroups: comp.dcom.sys.cisco
Subject: Re: Extended tacacs protocol specification?
Date: 9 Oct 92 12:58:07 GMT
Organization: University of Illinois at Urbana

tli@skat.usc.edu (Tony Li) writes:
>    I have some ideas on how to distribute the passwd database among
>    several tacacs servers, but I want to be sure that I don't interfere
>    with any "documented features" ;-).
>    
>rdist & friends are a fine way.

For our servers, I hacked tacacsd to interface with PH, our campus electronic
phone book.  PH is a rewrite of the old CSnet nameserver.  We currently
run 4 cisco terminal servers as a campus dialin service.  Login is optional,
but we are moving toward making it mandatory.
mgg
 CCC   CCC   SS   OO  University of Ill, Computing & Comm Services Ofc
C     C     S    O  O Michael G. Gardner, Assistant Director, 1122 DCL
C     C       S  O  O 1304 W Springfield, Urbana, Il 61801
 CCC   CCC  SS    OO  (217)244-0914 FAX (217)244-7089  EMAIL mgg@uiuc.edu
From: dewey@centerline.com (Devan F. Dewey)
Newsgroups: comp.dcom.sys.cisco
Subject: Re: Performance-Problems with IGS
Followup-To: comp.dcom.sys.cisco
Date: 9 Oct 1992 19:44:39 GMT
Organization: CenterLine Software, Inc.
Distribution: world
NNTP-Posting-Host: 140.239.3.212

In article <schulte.718616369@nagoya>, schulte@nagoya.sni.de (Schulte)
wrote:
> 
> 
> Hi there,
> I'm new with cisco's and I found some performance-problem, I get only
> 1 kByte over a 64kbit x.25-line. Maybe I made something wrong I my config, 
> because having a direct-line with the same speed and one IGS with X25-DCE 
> and the other IGS as X25-DTE I get 5.8kByte per second.
> This is my config: (the other cisco has the same with changed address)
> 
> 2 IGS 1MByte memory connected over a 64kByte Packet-Switch
> with following bootfile-contents:


I have configured my serial interface like this:

interface Serial 0
encapsulation X25
bandwidth 56   <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
x25 win 7
x25 wout 7
x25 hic 64
x25 htc 64
x25 hoc 64
x25 th 1
x25 nvc 8

The line I've marked is because we have a 56K line to our modem. If you
have a 64K line, shouldn't you have a line that looks like this:

bandwidth 64

????????

Hope this helps,


Devan

                             
               Devan F. Dewey | Senior Systems Analyst
          CenterLine Software | dewey@centerline.com
            10 Fawcett Street | "Leme esplain - no dere is
          Cambridge, MA 02138 | too much. Leme sum up."
                                       -Inigo Montoya
Newsgroups: comp.dcom.sys.cisco
From: schulte@nagoya.sni.de (Schulte)
Subject: Performance-Problems with IGS
Summary: I get only 1kByte threw a 64kbit x25-link
Date: Fri, 9 Oct 1992 07:39:29 GMT
Organization: Siemens Nixdorf Info.Sys. AG, Paderborn, Germany
Keywords: IGS


Hi there,
I'm new with cisco's and I found some performance-problem, I get only
1 kByte over a 64kbit x.25-line. Maybe I made something wrong I my config, 
because having a direct-line with the same speed and one IGS with X25-DCE 
and the other IGS as X25-DTE I get 5.8kByte per second.
This is my config: (the other cisco has the same with changed address)

2 IGS 1MByte memory connected over a 64kByte Packet-Switch
with following bootfile-contents:

enable-password otto
service config
no service finger
boot host fritz  144.145.18.89
no ip domain-lookup
no ip ipname-lookup
interface Ethernet 0
ip address 144.145.18.117 255.255.254.0
ip broadcast-address 144.145.19.255
ip mask-reply
ip proxy-arp
ip route-cache
ip mtu 1500
no keepalive
no arp probe
interface Serial 0
ip mtu 1500
ip address 192.109.0.194 255.255.255.192
ip broadcast-address 192.109.0.255
ip mask-reply
ip route-cache
ip proxy-arp
encapsulation X25
no keepalive
x25 win 7
x25 wout 7
x25 address 55525122171
x25 hic 32
x25 htc 32
x25 hoc 32
x25 idle 2
x25 map IP 192.109.0.193 45525122172
lapb n1 12040
ip route 192.109.0.128 192.109.0.193
ip name-server 255.255.255.255
ip host UFO 144.145.18.89
ip host FROHSINN 144.145.18.112
ip host FRANZ 192.109.0.193
banner motd  CISCO-Router fritz im EZA UG-rz19 
hostname fritz
line vty 0 4
login
line con 0
exec-timeout 0 0
line aux 0
line vty 0
password otto
line vty 1
password otto
line vty 2
password otto
line vty 3
password otto
line vty 4
password otto
end

Thanks in advance
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|   /    __/__ _  _     | Ludger Schulte      | Phone: (0)5251/8-35539       |
|  /_(_/(_/(_/(-'/      | Siemens Nixdorf     | Fax:   (0)5251/8-35502       |
|          _/           | Informationssysteme | NERV: schultel.pad           |
|  _                    | D966                | E-MAIL:                      |
| (_  _  /_    / /_ _   | Riemekestrasse      | USA :schultel.pad@sni-usa.com|
|  _)(_ / /(_/(_(_ (-'  | 4790 Paderborn      | !USA:schultel.pad@sni.de     |
|                       | Germany             |                              |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
Newsgroups: comp.dcom.sys.cisco,comp.protocols.appletalk
From: gjtonti@srv.PacBell.COM (Guy Tonti)
Subject: ?'s about Appletalk and IP on a Shared Facility
Organization: Pacific * Bell
Date: Tue, 13 Oct 1992 06:39:40 GMT


We are looking for performance figures concerning the affect
Appletalk routing (both Phase 1 and Phase 2) has on a shared 
backbone network, primarily routing TCP/IP.

Depending on the source, we have heard Appletalk is "extremely 
chatty" and a real bandwidth hog; to Appletalk routing (especially 
Phase 2), if zoned correctly, is no worse than IP routing.

Our situation is an existing Phase 1 Appletalk network, consisting 
of point-to-point circuits connecting about 8 sites, and an IP 
network of shared facilities (an SMDS network) at numerous sites, 
and growing.  The IP network uses Cisco routers, while the
Appletalk is a combination of different Localtalk/Appletalk
bridge/routers (ie, Fastpath, Gatorboxes). 

Our concern is the possible migration of the Appletalk traffic
to the shared facilities, to be accompanied by a migration to 
Appletalk Phase 2.  There is a forecast of quite a bit of growth 
for the Appletalk community due to a new application coming 
next year that will require users to run both Appletalk and IP
from their Macs.

This raises concerns as the IP network is primarily to access 
"centralized resources" while the Appletalk is for users to 
share files among themselves (ie, we are putting in place tools
to centrally plan for and monitor the "IP" network, the Appletalk 
network will necessarily be supported primarily by the end users).

So what experiences can others share about this type of situation?

- Can Appletalk and IP be routed on the same links "successfully?"  
- Is IP tunnelling of Appletalk better for certain situations, and
  if so, how do you define those situations?
- Is Phase 2 a "better" protocol for conserving backbone bandwidth
  than Phase 1?  Why and by what %?

Any other information that could be shared would be most welcome
(and will be summarized if the volume warrants).

Thanks,


Guy Tonti
Pacific Bell, Data Communications Planning
gjtonti@pacbell.com
Newsgroups: comp.dcom.sys.cisco
From: trstan%trew@dot.ca.gov ( )
Subject: Cisco router uptime record
Distribution: cu
Date: 13 Oct 92 14:03:56 PDT
Return-Path: <trstan@trew ( )>
X-Note1: mail msgid was <9210132107.AA00706@dot.ca.gov>
X-Note2: message-id generated by recnews


On September 24, 1992 we powered off a cisco IGS as a result
of the closure of a temporary office. The show version just
prior to shutdown showed 43 weeks and 5 days since last power on
which was the day last fall when the router was first installed.
I'm sure this isn't a real record but it seems to us to be a 
testimonial for a reliable product.

We have had our share of software questions over the past year;
however, once in a while it may be beneficial to look at the 
plus side of the balance sheet.