From: schmunk@spacsun.rice.edu (Robert Schmunk)
Subject: Alternate History List (1/5) (770 lines)
Reply-To: schmunk@spacsun.rice.edu (Robert Schmunk)
Organization: Dept. of Space Physics, Rice University, Houston TX
Date: Fri, 9 Oct 1992 06:55:55 GMT


                        THE USENET ALTERNATE HISTORY LIST
                            Version 12 - 8 Oct 1992

                           Maintained by R.B. Schmunk
                       InterNet: schmunk@spacsun.rice.edu
                   USPS: 1648 W Alabama #4, Houston, TX 77006


               "...I've come to the conclusion that the stupidest
               words in the language are 'What if?'"        
                                         --'William Faulkner', in
                      William Sanders' THE WILD BLUE AND THE GRAY

               "What's past is past...and cannot be changed."
                                            --'Robert E. Lee', in
                         Harry Turtledove's THE GUNS OF THE SOUTH


This is an annotated list of stories involving Alternate Histories (aka What-
Ifs, Allohistory or Counterfactuals), stories in which some past event has been
altered and its effect on later history described. The list is occasionally
posted to the UseNet newsgroup rec.arts.sf.written and most of its contents has
been contributed by readers of that newsgroup. Much has been extracted from:

Hacker, Barton C., & Gordon B. Chamberlain, "Pasts that Might Have Been, II: A
   Revised Bibliography of Alternative History", in ALTERNATIVE HISTORIES (eds
   Waugh & Greenberg) {Garland 86};
Contento, William, INDEX TO SCIENCE FICTION ANTHOLOGIES AND COLLECTIONS {George
   Prior/G.K. Hall 78};
-----------------, INDEX TO SCIENCE FICTION ANTHOLOGIES AND COLLECTIONS 1977-
   1983 {G.K. Hall 84}.

Alternate history (abbrev. "AH" below) criteria are generally the same as in:

Chamberlain, Gordon B., "Allohistory in Science Fiction", in ALTERNATIVE
  HISTORIES (eds Waugh & Greenberg) {Garland 86, 0-8240-8659-7}.

Thus, alterations affect more than fictional individuals, and the story is not
secret history, does not rely on events entirely futureward of when the author
wrote the story, etc. Submissions for new entries are always appreciated, as
are corrections to the old.

Entries have been separated into the following categories:

Anthologies--are books composed mostly/entirely of genre short stories and/or
  essays, each of which is also described separately.
Alternate Histories--include the effect[s] of changing the outcome of an event
  such that the flow of history is noticeably altered. In some, the divergence
  may be the existence of magic.
Crosstime Stories--feature travel/communication between alternate timelines,
  such activity often the major feature of the story.
Changing the Past--involve the changing of the outcome of a past event,
  accidentally or deliberately, but usually through time travel.
Reference Materials--discuss the genre and/or specific books/stories. This does
  not include literary criticism.

In the entries, please note that:

The notation "W:" beginning a description stands for "What if:", and that line
describes the divergence of that AH from ours. An "S:" means "Story:" and that
line describes the plot. A "C:" indicates "Comments:". If none of these is
present, "C:" or "S:" is assumed.

If an author's name is replaced by a group of dashes, the entry is a sequel to
or in the same series as the preceding entry. If replaced by dashes within
arrows, it is part of a series collected within the previous book entry.
Double arrows indicate inclusion in a book collected within an omnibus volume.

Even if a story in a series seems to fit a different category than the series
as a whole, it is listed with the series.

If you can't find a particular short story, check other entries by the same
author to see if it has been retitled or included in a larger work.

Some alternate pen-names to watch out for are:
Corvo, Baron: see Frederick William Rolfe
Iverson, Eric G.: see Harry Turtledove
Sucharitkul, Somtow: see S.P. Somtow
Kuttner, Henry: see Lewis Padgett
MacCreigh, James: see Frederick Pohl
Wall, John W.: see Sarban

References to books containing a short story include an author/editor's name
only if different from the author of the story.

Only a fraction of available publication info about the entries is provided
here. In some cases the list of books in which a story appears has been
limited; where this occurs, a "++" appears at the end of the book list. If you
need more publication info about a story, drop me a line at the address above.

Abbrevs. frequently used in publication listings are:
<#AW> = THE 19# ANNUAL WORLD'S BEST SF (eds Wollheim [& Saha]) {DAW 72, 73, 76,
   79, 83, 87, 89}
<AH> = ALTERNATIVE HISTORIES (eds Waugh & Greenberg) {Garland 86}
<AK> = ALTERNATE KENNEDYS (ed Resnick) {Tor 92}
<Alt> = ALTERNATIVES (eds Adams & Adams) {Baen 89}
<AP> = ALTERNATE PRESIDENTS (ed Resnick) {Tor 92}
<BAW> = ROBERT ADAMS' BOOK OF ALTERNATE WORLDS (eds Adams et al) {NAL/Signet
   87}
<BT> = BEYOND TIME (ed Ley) {Pocket 76}
<f&sf> = The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction
<FCW> = THE FANTASTIC CIVIL WAR (ed McSherry) {Baen 91}
<GS#> = THE GREAT SF STORIES: # (eds Asimov & Greenberg) {DAW 86, 88, 90, 91}
<HV> = HITLER VICTORIOUS (eds Benford & Greenberg) {Garland 86; Berkley 87}
<IAsfm> = Isaac Asimov's Science Fiction Magazine
<IHB> = IF I HAD BEEN..., TEN HISTORICAL FANTASIES (ed Snowman) {Rowman &
   Littlefield 79}
<IHO,X> = IF IT HAD HAPPENED OTHERWISE, ver X (ed Squire); ver A {Longmans,
   Green 31}; ver B as IF: OR HISTORY REWRITTEN {rev Viking 31; Kennikat 64};
   ver C {exp Sidgwick & Jackson 72; St. Martin's 74}
<WI> = WHAT IF? EXPLORATIONS IN SOCIAL-SCIENCE FICTION (ed Polsby) {Lewis 82}
<WoM> = WORLDS OF MAYBE (ed Silverberg) {Thomas Nelson 70; Dell 74}
<WM#> = WHAT MIGHT HAVE BEEN? VOLUME # (eds Benford & Greenberg) {Bantam 89,
   90, 91, 92}
<YB#> = THE YEAR'S BEST SCIENCE FICTION, #TH ANNUAL COLLECTION (ed Dozois)
   {Blue Jay 85; St. Martin's 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92}

This list would not have been possible without the generous and continuing
help of Evelyn C. Leeper. Significant contributions were also made by Will
Linden and Duncan MacGregor. Many thanks to them and the other 25+ readers of
rec.arts.sf.written who have made submissions.

And now, the list:


Anthologies:

Adams, Robert, & Pamela Crippen Adams (eds), ALTERNATIVES {Baen 89}
   Six new stories.
Adams, Robert, Martin H. Greenberg & Pamela Crippen Adams (eds), ROBERT
   ADAMS' BOOK OF ALTERNATE WORLDS {NAL/Signet 87}
   Nine reprints.
Benford, Greg, & Martin H. Greenberg (eds), HITLER VICTORIOUS: ELEVEN STORIES
   OF THE GERMAN VICTORY IN WORLD WAR II {Garland 86; Berkley 87}
   Reprints and new stories.
Benford, Greg, & Martin H. Greenberg (eds), WHAT MIGHT HAVE BEEN? VOLUME 1:
   ALTERNATE EMPIRES {Bantam 89}
   Eleven new stories.
------------------------------------------, WHAT MIGHT HAVE BEEN? VOLUME 2:
   ALTERNATE HEROES {Bantam 90}
   Fifteen new stories exploring the Great Man hypothesis.
------------------------------------------, WHAT MIGHT HAVE BEEN? VOLUME 3:
   ALTERNATE WARS {Bantam 91}
   Eleven new stories and a reprint exploring altered results of battles/wars.
------------------------------------------, WHAT MIGHT HAVE BEEN? VOLUME 4:
   ALTERNATE AMERICAS {Bantam 92}
   Fourteen stories to mark the quincentennial of Columbus' first voyage.
Borden, Morton, & Otis L. Graham, Jr., SPECULATIONS ON AMERICAN HISTORY
   {Heath 77}
   Twelve essays on American AHs.
Hearnshaw, F.J.C., THE "IFS" OF HISTORY {George Newnes 29}
   Nineteen essays.
Ley, Sandra (ed), BEYOND TIME {Pocket 76}
   Nineteen new stories.
Polsby, Nelson W. (ed), WHAT IF? EXPLORATIONS IN SOCIAL-SCIENCE FICTION
   {Lewis 82}
   Stories/essays about AHs, most of which are scholarly in tone.
Resnick, Mike (ed), ALTERNATE KENNEDYS {Tor 92}
   26 new stories and a poem, but only half AH.
------------------, ALTERNATE PRESIDENTS {Tor 92}
   28 new stories involving altered American elections.
------------------, ALTERNATE WARRIORS {Tor, not yet published}
   New stories.
Silverberg, Robert (ed), WORLDS OF MAYBE: SEVEN STORIES OF SCIENCE FICTION
   {Thomas Nelson 70; Dell 74}
   Seven reprints, most of which are AH classics.
Snowman, Daniel (ed), IF I HAD BEEN..., TEN HISTORICAL FANTASIES {Rowman &
   Littlefield 79}
   Historians correct the decisions of 10 historical figures.
Squire, J.C. (ed), IF IT HAD HAPPENED OTHERWISE: LAPSES INTO IMAGINARY
   HISTORY {Longmans, Green 31; exp Sidgwick & Jackson 72; St. Martin's 74};
   rev as IF: OR HISTORY REWRITTEN {Viking 31; Kennikat 64}
   The classic AH book, with a story by Winston Churchill.
Turtledove, Harry, PASTS, PRESENTS, AND FUTURES {not yet published}
   C:
Waugh, Charles, G., & Martin H. Greenberg (eds), ALTERNATIVE HISTORIES:
   ELEVEN STORIES OF THE WORLD AS IT MIGHT HAVE BEEN {Garland 86}
   Reprints and new stories. Includes 61-page bibliography of AHs.


Alternate Histories:

Aiken, Joan, THE WOLVES OF WILLOUGHBY CHASE {Cape 62; Doubleday 63;
   Hutchinson 75; Dell 81}
   W: The Stuarts won the Jacobite wars.
   S: Two English girls face wolves and an evil governess. Except for wolves
   besetting England c. 1830, this volume is not AH.
-----------, BLACK HEARTS IN BATTERSEA {Doubleday 64; Cape 65; Dell 69}
   Hanoverians plot against James III.
-----------, NIGHTBIRDS ON NANTUCKET {Doubleday 66; Dell 69}
   A mad scientist in New England develops a transatlantic zap-gun aimed at St.
   James' Palace.
-----------, THE STOLEN LAKE {Cape 81; Delacorte 81}
   A kingdom founded by Celtic refugees from the battle of Camlann is
   discovered in the Andes.
-----------, THE WHISPERING MOUNTAIN {Doubleday 69}
   The Prince of Wales (later Richard IV) has a Welsh adventure.
-----------, THE CUCKOO TREE {Cape 71; Doubleday 71}
   Hanoverian plotters return to disrupt the coronation of Richard IV.
Aksyonov, Vassily, & Michael Henry Heim (tr), THE ISLAND OF CRIMEA {Random
   House 83; Vintage 84}; orig OSTROV KRYM
   W: The Crimea was an island and White Russians successfully held it against
   the Bolsheviks and established a provisionary democratic gov't.
   S: In the early 1980s, a Crimean newspaper editor spearheads the Common Fate
   re-unification movement, playing into Soviet hands.
Aldiss, Brian W., THE MALACIA TAPESTRY {Cape 76}
   W: Humans evolved from dinosaurs rather than hominids.
   S:
Aldiss, Brian W., THE YEAR BEFORE YESTERDAY {Franklin Watts 87; St. Martin's
   88}
   W: Churchill was killed during a visit to Finland in 1935. Later, Germany
   gobbled up W Europe but left the Zinoviev-led Soviet Union alone.
   S: A Finnish composer finds the body of a girl alongside the road, and
   inside her backpack is an SF thriller about a different WW2.
Allen, Louis, "If I had been... Hideki Tojo in 1941", in <IHB>
   W:
   C:
Amis, Kingsley, THE ALTERATION {Cape 76; Viking 76; Panther 78}
   W: Catherine of Aragon and Arthur of Wales had a son who became king upon
   the death of Henry VII. Later, Martin Luther became pope.
   S: A boy soprano in 1976 Catholic England tries to flee becoming a papal
   castrato.
Anderson, Poul, "In the House of Sorrows", in <WM1>
   W: Assyrians captured Jerusalem and the Diasporah occurred before
   Christianity could get started.
   S: Adventures of a courier from North Markland (America) in an alternate
   Israel/Palestine.
Anderson, Poul, A MIDSUMMER TEMPEST {Doubleday 74; Ballantine 75}
   W: Shakespeare's plays were real history and the Industrial Revolution
   arrived two centuries early. Also, magic works.
   S: In order to keep Charles I on England's thrown, a Cavalier prince
   searches for Prospero's isle.
Anderson, Poul, OPERATION CHAOS {Doubleday 71; Berkley 78; Baen xx}; rev of
   stories in <f&sf> Sep 56, Jan 57, Oct 59 and May-Jun 69
   W: Men learned to remove antimagical properties of iron and magical
   technology ensued.
   S: A werewolf and witch are involved in repeated struggles against the 
   machinations of Hell during WW2, as the Saracens invade America.
Anderson, Poul, "When Free Men Shall Stand", in <WM3>
   W: Lucien Bonaparte convinced Napoleon to consolidate the French hold on
   Europe rather than invade Egypt. Later, the French won at Trafalgar.
   S: In 1849, Sam Houston talks history with a French diplomat during the
   battle for New Orleans in the 2nd French-American War.
Anvil, Christopher, "Apron Chains", in Analog Dec 70
   W: The scientific revolution arrived early, apparently the result of a 15th-
   century man's salvation from drowning.
   S: The discovery of the Americas is sidetracked by a NASA-like project,
   while Mexicans plan an expedition of discovery east across the Atlantic.
Armstrong, Anthony, & Bruce Graeme, WHEN THE BELLS RANG {Harrap 43}
   W: Nazi Germany invaded England in 1940.
   S: How the invasion was defeated.
Aronson, Mark, "President-Elect", in <AK>
   W: Robert Kennedy survived Sirhan Sirhan's assassination attempt, and as a
   result adopted a hard anti-crime stance.
   S: Facing Democratic rejection, RFK becomes the Republican presidential
   nominee as brother Teddy leads the Democrats. Nixon still becomes president.
Attanasio, A. A., "Ink from the New Moon", in <IAsfm> Nov 92 and <WM4>
   W: North America was discovered and settled by Chinese Buddhists.
   S: A scribe describes the Unified Sandalwood Autocracies, and an encounter
   on its eastern shores with a European explorer named Christ-bearer.
Averneri, Shlomo, "What if Sadat had come to Jerusalem under a Labor
   government? (1977)", in <WI>
   W: Itzhak Rabin was Israeli PM in early 1977 and while visiting Romania was
   advised of Anwar Sadat's peace plans.
   C: Peace talks between Sadat and Rabin include King Hussein of Jordan,
   leading to an agreement that includes the West Bank, but not the PLO.
Bailey, Hilary, "The Fall of Frenchy Steiner", in New Worlds Jun 64, THE BEST
   OF NEW WORLDS (ed Moorcock) {Compact 65}, SF12 (ed Merrill) {Delacorte 68},
   THE BEST SF STORIES FROM NEW WORLDS (ed Moorcock) {Panther 74} and <HV>
   W: Hitler did not invade Russia.
   S: Life in occupied London, 1954.
Barbet, Pierre, COSMIC CRUSADERS {DAW 80}
>------------<, & Bernard Kay (tr), BAPHOMET'S METEOR {DAW 72}; orig L'EMPIRE
   DU BAPHOMET
   W: A demon-like alien was shipwrecked on Earth in 1118.
   S: The alien aids the Knights Templar as they set out in 1275 to save the
   Holy Land and conquer the Mongols.
>------------<, & C.J. Cherryh (tr), STELLAR CRUSADE {only Engl.-language
   publ. is in omnibus volume}; orig CROISADE STELLAIRE
   S: Outer-space sequel to the above.
Baring, Maurice, "The Alternative", in London Mercury Nov 22, HALF A MINUTE'S
   SILENCE {Heinemann 25; Doubleday 25; Books for Libraries 70}, MAURICE BARING
   RESTORED {Heinemann 70; Farrar, Straus & Giroux 70} and TRAVELERS IN TIME
   (ed Stern) {Doubleday 47}
   W: Napoleon's father decided that his son would get the best education
   possible if enlisted in the British navy.
   S: A sketch of historical and literary consequences from 1800 to 1850.
Basil, Otto, & Thomas Weyr (tr, abr), TWILIGHT MAN {Meredith 68}; orig. WENN
   DAS DER FUHRER WUSST
   W: Germany won WW2 after dropping a nuclear bomb on London.
   S: Hitler's death 20 years later leads to a power struggle.
Belloc, Hilaire, "If Drouet's Cart had Stuck", in <IHO,ABC>
   W: Louis XVI escaped Paris and was not executed.
   S: Following Lafayette's defeat of Republican forces, France sinks into
   mediocrity and Britain must contend with the mighty Austrian empire.
Benet, Stephen Vincent, "The Curfew Tolls", in Saturday Evening Post 5 Oct
   35; THIRTEEN O'CLOCK {Farrar & Rinehart 71; Books for Libraries 71};
   MOONLIGHT TRAVELER (ed Stern) {Doubleday 42} (aka GREAT TALES OF FANTASY AND
   IMAGINATION {Pocket 54}); <AH> ++
   W: Napoleon were born much earlier, say in 1737.
   S: An Englishman residing on the Mediterranean coast of France meets a
   retired, frustrated French artillery major.
Benford, Gregory, "Manassas, Again", in <IAsfm> Oct 91 and <WM3>
   W: Rome developed a steam-driven machine gun.
   S: Rome's former American colonies fight a civil war in the 19th century.
Benford, Gregory, "We Could Do Worse", in <WM1>
   W: US presidential elections of the 1950s occurred a little differently.
   S: A congressman disliked by a new authoritarian regime is kidnaped.
Bensen, D.R., AND HAVING WRIT... {Bobbs-Merrill 78; Ace 79}
   W: Four aliens were stranded on Earth in 1908 when they barely avoided an
   explosive impact at Tunguska and splash-landed near San Francisco.
   S: To get their ship repaired, they set about accelerating technological
   development, but President Edison doesn't want to share with Europe.
Bernau, George, PROMISES TO KEEP {Warner 88}
   W: The US presidential assassination attempt on 22 Nov 1963 failed.
   S: Hunting the conspirators, plus the elections of 1964 and 68.
   C: Borderline AH, as all names have been changed.
Bier, Jesse, "Father and Son", in A HOLE IN THE LEAD APRON {Harcourt 64}
   W: As punishment for participating in or ignoring the Holocaust, the Allies
   ordered that 6 million random Germans be executed.
   S: An exchange of letters between father and son, respectively a member of
   the provisional postwar gov't and a former SS officer.
Bishop, Michael, "For Thus Do I Remember Carthage", in THE UNIVERSE and <YB5>
   W: Science and technology advanced faster in portions of the world.
   S: [St.] Augustine of Hippo receives a visitor from Cathay who speaks of
   collapsing stars and other arcane heavenly topics.
Bishop, Michael, THE SECRET ASCENSION; OR, PHILIP K. DICK IS DEAD, ALAS {St.
   Martin's 87}
   W: In a skewed world, Richard Milrose Nixon was elected to four terms as US
   president and SF author Philip K. Dick attained more fame.
   S: Shortly after his death in 1982, Phil Dick visits a small town in Georgia
   and the moon in order to correct history.
Bisson, Terry, FIRE ON THE MOUNTAIN {Arbor House 88}
   W: With the aid of Harriet Tubman, John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry
   (three months early) was successful, and provoked a mass black rebellion.
   S: 100 years later, as Pan Africa is about to land on Mars, a woman delivers
   to a museum papers describing the roots of the Nova African nation.
Blakemore, Harold, "If I had been... Salvador Allende in 1972-3", in <IHB>
   W:
   C:
Brennert, Alan, & Norm Breyfogle, BATMAN: HOLY TERROR {DC Comics 91}
   W: Oliver Cromwell lived another 10 years and consolidated the Puritan hold
   on Britain and its colonies.
   S: A young priest named Bruce Wayne becomes a costumed vigilante fighting
   the repressive theocracy running the American Commonwealth.
Brin, David, "Thor Meets Captain America", in <f&sf> Jul 86, THE RIVER OF
   TIME {Bantam 87} and <HV>
   W: Nazi rituals resurrected the Norse pantheon, but Loki went over to the
   Allies.
   S: A captured American officer about to be sacrificed comes face-to-face
   with the god of battle.
Brown, Douglas & Christopher Serpell, LOSS OF EDEN
   W: Hitler won WW2.
   S:
Brunner, John, "At the Sign of the Rose", in BEYOND THE GATE OF WORLDS {Tor
   91}
   C: In same timeline as Silverberg's THE GATE OF WORLDS.
   S: The Tsar of Russia dies under suspicious circumstances; six travelers
   tell their tales at a Krakow inn.
Burroughs, William S., CITIES OF THE RED NIGHT {Holt, Rinehart & Winston 81}
   W: Capt. Mission's 18th-century pirate commune on Madagascar was not wiped
   out by natives.
   S:
Busby, F.M., "Tundra Moss", in <WM3>
   W: Victim of a minor stroke in late 1941, FDR was unable to resist
   congressional and public pressure for a Japan First war policy.
   S: Japanese saboteurs land on Amchitka just as orders for a crucial American
   offensive are being transmitted down the Aleutians via secure cable.
Byrne, Robert, THE TUNNEL {HBJ 77; Dell 77}
   W: France and Britain started the Chunnel decades ago.
   S: Terrorists strike the nearly complete Channel Tunnel in 1973.
Cadigan Pat, "Dispatches from the Revolution", in <IAsfm> Jul 91, <AP> and
   <YB9>
   W: 1960s social protests met with harsh government reaction, LBJ stayed in
   the 68 presidential race and Sirhan Sirhan didn't kill Robert Kennedy.
   S: The cycle of violence gets bigger and bigger until it all blows up at the
   1968 Democratic Nat'l Convention in Chicago.
Cadigan, Pat, "No Prisoners", in <AK>
   W: Robert Kennedy had decided to become a priest and sister Eunice ended up
   going into politics.
   S: In 1968, former Attorney General and now Senator Eunice Kennedy is faced
   with the final outcome of Father Robert Kennedy's antiwar activism.
Calvert, Peter, "If I had been... Benito Juarez in 1867", in <IHB>
   W: Juarez granted clemency to Mexican Emperor Maximilian, about to be
   executed.
   C: How it might have happened, but without much further development.
Card, Orson Scott, SEVENTH SON {Tor 87}; exp of "Hatrack River", in <IAsfm>
   Aug 86 and <YB4>
   W: Natural magic works. Also, the Puritan revolution succeeded, altering
   English history and the course of American colonization.
   S: Born in 1800, the seventh son of a seventh son growing up on the American
   frontier meets an itinerant storyteller named Willam Blake.
-----------------, RED PROPHET {Tor 88}
   Captured by Red men, young Alvin Maker and his brother become involved with
   Tecumseh, the Prophet and a different massacre at Tippecanoe.
-----------------, PRENTICE ALVIN {Tor 89}; rev of "Prentice Alvin and the
   No-Good Plow", in Sunstone Aug 89 and MAPS IN A MIRROR {Tor 90}
   Alvin's years as an apprentice blacksmith and the story of a Black-White
   "mix-up boy" removed from slavery in Appalachee.
Carr, Jayge, "The War of '07", in <AP>
   W: When Congress broke the Electoral College tie of 1800, they made Aaron
   Burr president rather than Thomas Jefferson.
   S: Militant Burr begins the move to manifest destiny 40 years early, but he
   also shows no signs of leaving the White House.
Carter, Paul A., "The Constitutional Origins of Westly v. Simmons", in Analog
   Oct 85
   W: What if there were no Manhattan project, and Stevenson won the election
   of '52.
   C: How to change history so that Asimov's "Trends" (Astounding Jul 39) came
   true.
Cassutt, Michael, "Mules in Horses' Harness", in <WM2>
   W: Lincoln was assassinated while visiting a Union hospital on 4 Jul 1863.
   Wasn't he?
   S: 1980 Confederate differential engineers trying to model history explore
   the Great Man hypothesis.
Chalker, Jack L., "Now Falls the Cold, Cold Night", in <AP>
   W: James Buchanan suffered a stroke in Oct 1856 and Millard Fillmore,
   candidate of the American ("Know-Nothing") Party, was elected president. 
   S: When Fillmore upholds the Fugitive Slave Laws in 1858, rioting and worse
   commence in New England.
Charmatz, A., "Sailing Through Program Management", in Analog 5 Jan 81
------------, "A Second Chance", in Analog 9 Nov 81
   W: Columbus returned from his first voyage to find that modern management
   techniques were being applied to Spain's exploration efforts.
   S: A series of memos showing increasingly poor relations with project
   managers, etc., as Columbus reports on voyage one and prepares for the next.
Chesnoff, Richard Z., Edward Klein, & Robert Littell, IF ISRAEL LOST THE WAR
   {Coward-McCann 69}
   W: While Israel hoped for a diplomatic settlement, Arab forces delivered a
   devastating surprise attack on 5 Jun 1967.
   S: A day-by-day account of the 6-day fall of Israel and its repercussions in
   the US, USSR and the new UAR.
Chesterton, G.K., "If Don John of Austria had Married Mary Queen of Scots",
   in <IHO,ABC> and THE COMMON MAN {Sheed & Ward 50}
   W: As the title says.
   C: Essay on England's place in Christendom and whether it would have
   accepted a Scottish Catholic queen and a Spanish prince-consort.
Chiang, Ted, "Tower of Babylon", in Omni Nov 90 and <YB8>
   W: An older idea of cosmology were correct.
   S: After centuries of work, the Tower of Babylon has reached the vault of
   heaven and stoneworkers now attempt to break through.
Chilson, Robert, "The Devil and the Deep Blue Sky", in <BT>
   W: Observing the continued success of Stanley brothers in auto racing, Henry
   Ford brought out the Model A steamer in 1911.
   S: Congress investigates internal combustion engines when a kerosene
   shortage arises.
Churchill, Winston S., "If Lee had not Won the Battle of Gettysburg", in
   Scribner's Dec 30, <IHO,ABC> and <WM3>
   W: Jeb Stuart reached the battlefield in time to support Pickett's charge.
   Later, Lee unilaterally freed the slaves and Britain recognized the CSA.
   S: Some theorizing about how a Confederate defeat at Gettysburg might have
   prevented the formation of the English-speaking union.
Clark, Ronald W., THE BOMB THAT FAILED {Morrow 69}; as THE LAST DAY OF THE
   OLD WORLD {Cape 69}
   W: The Trinity test was a failure, due in part to Klaus Fuchs.
   S: An agonizing invasion of Kyushu leads to US use of rice fungus bombs, and
   the Soviets exploit border incidents for a drive on the English Channel. 
Collyn, George, "Unification Day", in New Worlds May 66 and THE TRAPS OF TIME
   (ed Moorcock) {Rapp & Whiting 68}
   W: Napoleon won at Waterloo.
   S: England notes the 150th anniversary of its inclusion in the French
   empire.
Cooper, Edmund, "Jupiter Laughs", in <BT>
   W: Jesus of Nazareth was slain by Herod's troops before his family could
   flee to Egypt.
   S: The murder of Jesus, his family and the magi, with an epilog about Rome's
   British satrap "Queen" Victoria's humiliating coronation.
Cooper, Giles, THE OTHER MAN
   W: Hitler won WW2.
   S:
Coppel, Alfred, THE BURNING MOUNTAIN: A NOVEL OF THE INVASION OF JAPAN {HBJ
   83}
   W: A lightning strike disrupted the Trinity test.
   S: Operations Olympic and Coronet, the invasion of Japan.
Cores, Lucy, "Hail to the Chief", in <BT>
   W: The Watergate break-in went undiscovered and Richard Nixon was president
   until poor health caused his resignation in 1994.
   S: In 1996, a plumbers unit breaks into a Hyannisport house to retrieve a
   tape stolen from the San Clemente archives.
Coulson, Robert, "Soy la Libertad!", in <BT>
   W: Magellan discovered the Americas. 350 years later abolitionists blocked
   US annexation of Texas.
   S: A US Customs inspector considers the disastrous possibilities on a
   Balkanized N America of the assassination of Texas president Lyndon Johnson.
Counsil, Wendy, "Black Handkerchiefs", in <f&sf> Dec 91
   W: After defeating the US in WW2, the Japanese set the AmerInds up as
   governors of the country.
   S: Decades after the war, white Americans meet secretly to enjoy relics of
   Euro-American culture, and argue with a man who advocates accommodation.
Cox, Glen E., "The More Things Change...", in <AP>
   W: Dewey defeated Truman in the election of 1948.
   S: How playing hardball over Communism led to Dewey's win.
Cox, Richard (ed), OPERATION SEA LION {Thornton Cox 74; Presidio 77}
   W: Nazi Germany carried out Operation Sealowe, invading England on 22 Sep
   1940.
   S: A detailed account of Germany's miserable 5-day failure.
   C: Based on a war game played out in 1974 by British and West German
   officers.
Cupp, Scott, "Thirteen Days of Glory", in RAZORED SADDLES (eds Lansdale &
   LoBrutto) {Dark Harvest 89; Avon 90}
   W: The defenders of the Alamo were homosexuals defending their lifestyle.
   S: Drag-queens fight an outraged Mexican army.
   C: Borderline secret history.
Dabney, Virginia, "If the South had Won the War", in American Mercury Oct 36
   W: Pickett's Charge had succeeded, and the defenders of Vicksburg had been a
   bit more tenacious.
   S: A look at the CSA during Huey Long's presidency.
Daniels, Tony, "The Careful Man Goes West", in <IAsfm> Jul 92
   W: What if AmerInds had been absorbed peacefully into a multi-cultural
   society.
   S: People have the ability to choose from a variety of possible futures, and
   one of them picked one in which the AmerInds were instead wiped out.
Davidson, Avram, "O Brave New World!", in <BT>
   W: Offered the choice of going to hell or to America, George II's heir opted
   for the latter.
   S: The center of British power shifts to Philadelphia, leading to an English
   uprising in the early 1800s against American tyranny.
Davin, Eric L., "Avenging Angel", in FAR FRONTIERS II (eds Pournelle & Baen)
   {Baen 85} and <FCW>
   W: The CSA developed a long-range rocket and fired it on Washington during
   Lincoln's second inauguration, 4 Mar 1865.
   S: An explanation of its development and how it provoked the sack of
   Richmond and a harsher Reconstruction.
de Camp, L. Sprague, "The Round-Eyed Barbarians", in Amazing Jan 92 and <WM4>
   W: The Chinese discovered the Americas at about the same time as Columbus.
   S: C. 1560, Spanish and Chinese explorers meet in N America, and a dispute
   over a Spaniard's elopement with a AmerInd girl must be settled.
Dean, William, "A Passage in Italics", in <f&sf> May 72
   W: Italy invented the first atomic bomb and won WW2.
   S: An Occupying Forces MP harasses the customers in an Amerian barbershop.
   Later, the barber discovers his straight razor has disappeared.
Deighton, Len, SS-GB: NAZI-OCCUPIED BRITAIN 1941 {Cape 78; G.K. Hall 79;
   Knopf 79; Ballantine 80; Curley 92}
   W: Germany won the Battle of Britain.
   S: A Scotland Yard detective tries to raise his motherless son and
   investigate a murder in occupied England.
Delaplace, Barbara, "No Other Choice", in <AP>
   W: Dewey ousted Roosevelt from the White House in 1944.
   S: Rather than bomb Hiroshima, Dewey orders that a demonstration shot of the
   atomic bomb be given, but the Japanese refuse to surrender.
Deloria, Vine, Jr., "Why the U.S. Never Fought the Indians", in Christian
   Century 7-14 Jan 76
   W: In 1813, southern AmerInds joined with Tecumseh to oppose both the US and
   Britain in the War of 1812, earning themselves a seat at Ghent.
   S: Sharing N America leads to a more humane society, despite such troubles
   as the presidential succession crisis of 1876 and the buffalo war of 1880.
Dent, Guy, EMPEROR OF THE IF {Heinemann 26}
   W: England was not subject to glaciers during the Ice Ages.
   S:
Denton, Bradley, "The Territory", in <f&sf> Jul 92
   W: After his brother was killed by Unionists in 1861, Sam Clemens decided
   to remain in Missouri rather than move west to Nevada.
   S: Joining Quantrill's raiders just in time for the attack on Lawrence,
   Kansas, Clemens begins to wonder about the mess he's gotten into.
Denton, Bradley, WRACK & ROLL {Popular Library 86, 0-445-20306-4}
   W: Roosevelt choked on a chicken bone in 1933, and Patton rolled into Russia
   after the fall of Germany.
   S: NASA is destroyed by fans after a 1967 lunar disaster kills a rock star.
   In 1979, her daughter goes on tour.
Dexter, Lewis A., "What if Joseph McCarthy had not been a U.S. senator ...",
   in <WI>
   W: As the title says.
   C: The "witch-hunts" might not have occurred and opposition to Communism
   might not have acquired so many anti-intellectual overtones.
Di Filippo, Paul, "Anne", in Science Fiction Age Nov 92
   W: Anne Frank was sent to America in 1939
   S: Anne Frank goes to Hollywood and replaces Judy Garland (who died in a car
   crash) in THE WIZARD OF OZ
Dick, Philip K., THE MAN IN THE HIGH CASTLE {Putnam's 62; Penguin 65; Berkley
   74; Gollancz 75; Gregg 79; Vintage 92}
   W: Before his 1933 inaugural, FDR was assassinated in Miami, which
   eventually led to the Axis winning WW2.
   S: Relations between Americans and their rulers, with light from the Tao and
   an AH novel about a world in which the Axis lost the war.
Dickinson, Peter, KING AND JOKER {Pantheon 76; G.K. Hall 76; Hodder &
   Stoughton 76; Avon 77}
----------------, SKELETON-IN-WAITING {Bodley Head 89; Pantheon 89; Thorndike
   90}
   W: Edward Duke of Clarence did not die in 1887 and became king of England in
   1910 rather than his brother George.
   S: Princess Louise (b. 1963) discovers some skeletons in the (royal) family
   closet and must solve some mysteries.
Downing, David, THE MOSCOW OPTION: AN ALTERNATIVE SECOND WORLD WAR {New
   English Library 79; St. Martin's 80}
   W: An Aug 1941 plane crash left Hitler lying in a coma and Goering in charge
   of the 3rd Reich for 6 months.
   S: Left to its own devices the Wehrmacht took Moscow in Oct 1941. Also,
   details on Pearl Harbor, Malta, Cairo, Midway, Panama and Jerusalem.
Dunn, J.R., "Crux Gammata", in <IAsfm> Oct 92
   W: Nazi Germany invaded England and won at Stalingrad, thereby conquering
   Europe before the US could enter the war.
   S: In the early 1970s, the first American rock band to tour Nazi Europe
   tries to avoid provoking an incident, but the authorities have other plans.
Dvorkin, David, BUDSPY {F. Watts 87}
   W: Hitler was killed by a Russian attack while visiting the Eastern Front in
   Mar 1943 and his successors made peace with the US and Britain.
   S: In 1988, while hunting for a Red spy in the Berlin embassy, an American
   agent finds that Germany hasn't reformed as much as it pretends.
Easton, Thomas A., "Black Earth and Destiny", in <AP>
   W: Andrew Jackson outmaneuvered John Quincy Adams and was elected president
   in 1824, four years early.
   S: Jackson invested government money in biological research. 70 years later,
   George Washington Carver contemplates two job offers.
Edwards, Owen Dudley, "If I had been... William Ewart Gladstone in 1880", in
   <IHB>
   W:
   C:
Effinger, George Alec, "Prince Pat", in <AK>
   W: The "3rd Generation" of Kennedys included some extra children, including
   JFK's son Patrick.
   S: In 2000, Patrick Bouvier Kennedy runs for president with the aid of his
   numerous cousins, all intent on avoiding 1990s style marketing-politics.
Effinger, George Alec, "Schrodinger's Kitten", in Omni Sep 89, <89AW>, <YB6>
   and NEBULA AWARDS 24 (ed Bishop) {Arbor House 88}
   W:
   S: An Arab girl who dreams of potential futures becomes a quantum physicist.
   Later she meets Hugh Everett (of the many worlds theory).
Effinger, George Alec, "Target: Berlin! The Role of the Air Force Four-Door
   Hardtop", in NEW DIMENSIONS 6 (ed Silverberg) {Harper & Row 76} and <BAW>
   W: In a fit of sanity, world leaders decided to postpone WW2.
   S: Excerpts from Effinger's book on how the WW2 of the 1970s was fought with
   automobiles instead of aircraft in order to conserve fuel.
Eklund, Gordon, "The Karamazov Caper", in <WM4>
   W: Pope Innocent VIII was assassinated in 1486 and his successor suppressed
   knowledge of Columbus' voyage. Later, Bering "discovered" the Americas.
   S: 400 years later, tsarist agent Leon Trotsky investigates the ritualistic
   murder of a babe near Seattle.
Eklund, Gordon, "Red Skins", in <f&sf> Jan 81
   W: The Americas were discovered in 1219 by a Moslem, but not seriously
   colonized until Europeans showed up c. 1700.
   S: 100 years after AmerInds banded together to handle the immigration
   problem, Nazi Germany threatens war if scientist-refugees are not returned.
Eklund, Gordon, "The Rising of the Sun", in <BT>
   W: Europe fell to the Moslems and was discovered by the Incas in 1600.
   S: In 1899, a renegade Arab inventor detonates an atomic weapon over Cuzco
   just as the city falls to the Aztecs.
Elgin, Suzette Haden, "Hush My Mouth", in <AH>
   W: The North refused to enlist black soldiers during the Civil War, and
   blacks ejected whites from the South after devastating epidemics.
   S: Blacks have found that their only common language is the oppressor's
   English. Some refuse to speak until a better tongue is found.
Ellis, Charles D., THE SECOND CRASH {Simon & Schuster 73}
   W: One key creditor did not help out a failing stockbroker, thereby
   provoking a Wall Street crash in 70.
   S:
Farmer, Philip Jose, "Sail On, Sail On", in Startling Stories Dec 52, <WoM>,
   THE ROAD TO SCIENCE FICTION #3 (ed Gunn) {NAL/Mentor 79}, A TREASURY OF
   MODERN FANTASY (eds Carr & Greenberg) {Avon 81}, <GS14> ++
   W: The world were flat.
   S: Columbus sails off the edge of an Earth in which Bacon developed a radio
   from theological principles.
Fawcett, Bill, "Lincoln's Charge", in <AP>
   W: Stephen Douglas won the election of 1860, but the Republican-controlled
   Senate still provoked Southern secession.
   S: In 1863, with the Union facing imminent disaster, General Abe Lincoln and
   his Illinois militia must lead an attack at Carrolton, Indiana.
Finch, Sheila, "If There Be Cause", in Amazing Feb 92 and <WM4>
   W: Sir Francis Drake planted the seed of Protestantism among AmerInds of the
   Pacific Coast.
   S: 200 years later, religious war breaks out when the Spanish begin their
   colonization of California.
Finch, Sheila, "Old Man and C", in Amazing Nov 89 and <WM2>
   W: A Swiss patent office employee quit his job to become a professional
   musician.
   S: As the USA drops a new type of bomb in Korea, a 75-year-old Einstein
   frets about whether he's wasted his life as a violin teacher.
Finch, Sheila, "Reichs-Peace", in <HV>
   W: Rudolf Hess' flight was successful and a Pan-European federation began a
   1000-year peace.
   S: An attempt to use telepathy to rescue Hitler's adoptive son after an
   accident on the Moon.
Fisher, H.A.L., "If Napoleon had Escaped to America", in Scribner's Jan 31,
   <IHO,ABC> and PAGES FROM THE PAST {Clarendon 39; Books for Libraries 69}
   W: Napoleon did not surrender after Waterloo but fled to Boston.
   S: L'empereur looks for new lands to conquer and focuses on S America,
   but will it be enough?
Ford, John M., THE DRAGON WAITING: A MASQUE OF HISTORY {Simon & Schuster 83;
   Avon 85}
   W: Byzantine emperor Julian mandated religious tolerance in the empire and
   Justinian had time to consolidate his gains. Also, magic works.
   S: A Welsh mage, Florentine doctor, German vampire and Greek mercenary
   become involved in England's Richard III's struggle for power.
Forester, C. S., "If Hitler Had Invaded England", in Saturday Evening Post
   16-30 Apr 60 and GOLD FROM CRETE {Little Brown 70; Pinnacle 76}
   W: Nazi Germany invaded England on 30 Jun 40.
   S:
Fortier, Ron, BOSTON BOMBERS, 3-issue comic book series {Caliber Comics 90}
   W: "Jesus" was female, leading to a matriarchal Catholic Church.
   S: Adventures of League of Nation operatives in the 20th century.
Foster, Alan Dean, "Polonaise", in <BT> and WITH FRIENDS LIKE THESE...
   {Ballantine 77}
   W: Poland became an important player on the world stage, capable of putting
   down Hitler in 6 months.
   S: A secret Polish space project to impose world peace in an age of nuclear
   proliferation.
Fried, Robert C., "What if Hitler got the Bomb? (1944)", in <WI>
   W: Nazi Germany developed an atomic bomb by early 1944, dropping them on
   London and Leningrad in May.
   C: Speculation on the bombing and its consequences, delaying Normandy only a
   bit and still resulting in the defeat of the 3rd Reich.
Friesner, Esther M., DRUID'S BLOOD {NAL/Signet 88}
   W: During the reign of Claudius in Rome, a druid magically isolated Britain
   from the rest of the world.
   S: Mage-queen Victoria employs a Holmesian detective to retrieve a stolen
   grimoire which is the source of her authority.
Friesner, Esther M., "Such a Deal", in <f&sf> Jan 92 and <WM4>
   W: Rejected by Ferdinand and Isabella, Columbus' voyage of discovery was
   instead financed by a Jewish Granadan merchant.
   S: As Catholic Spain lays siege to Granada, Columbus' ships return from
   meeting the Aztecs, and they carry more than gold.
Friesner, Esther M., "Told You So", in <AK>
   W: Magic works. Also, after saving a leprechaun, John Kennedy was granted
   the power of making anything true merely by saying so.
   S: JFK begins to change the world for the better, but a misstatement in
   Berlin has disastrous effects.
Garrett, Randall, "Gentlemen: Please Note", in Astounding Oct 55 and TAKEOFF!
   {Donning 80}
   W: Frustrated by gov't contractors, Isaac Newton changed his field of study.
   S: Newton writes the PRINCIPIA THEOLOGICA.
Garrett, Randall, LORD DARCY {Doubleday/SFBC 83}
   W: Richard Couer de Lion survived Chaluz, ruling well and leaving the Anglo-
   French kingdom to nephew Arthur. Also, magic was codified c. 1300.
>--------------<, MURDER AND MAGIC {Ace 81}
>>------------<<, "The Eyes Have It", in Analog Jan 64, RULERS OF MEN (ed
   Santesson) {Pocket 65} and THE BEST OF RANDALL GARRETT {Pocket 82}
   S: A lecherous count is killed and the best clue pointing to the perpetrator
   is the last thing the murdered man saw.
>>------------<<, "A Case of Identity", in Analog Sep 64 and ANALOG 4 (ed
   Campbell) {Doubleday 66}
   S: The Marquis of Cherbourg disappears and a man who looks just like him is
   found dead near its harbor.
>>------------<<, "The Muddle of the Woad", in Analog Jun 65 and SPECIAL
   WONDER (ed McComas) {Random House 70}
   S: Just after the death of the Duke of Kent, his coffin is found occupied by
   the body of the Chief Investigator for the Duchy.
>>------------<<, "A Stretch of the Imagination", in MEN AND MALICE (ed
   Dickinsheet) {Doubleday 73}
   S: A book publisher in Normandy apparently hangs himself one day.
>--------------<, TOO MANY MAGICIANS {Doubleday 67; Gregg 78};
   serial in Analog Aug-Nov 66
   S: Lord Darcy investigates espionage-related murders in Cherbourg and at a
   sorcerers' convention in London.
>--------------<, LORD DARCY INVESTIGATES {Ace 81}
>>------------<<, "A Matter of Gravity", in Analog Oct 74 and ALFRED
   HITCHCOCK'S FATAL ATTRACTIONS (ed Lore) {Dial/Davis 83}
   S: A materialist count is killed when he is flung out of a window in his
   laboratory.
>>------------<<, "The Sixteen Keys", in Fantastic Stories May 76
   S: Lord Vauxhall dies after apparently aging 50 years in an hour, and the
   papers he was carrying have disappeared in his 16-room mansion.
>>------------<<, "The Ipswich Phial", in Analog Dec 76 and 13 CRIMES OF
   SCIENCE FICTION (eds Asimov et al) {Doubleday 79}
   S: During the search for a stolen magical weapon, a royal secret agent is
   found dead on an undisturbed beach in Normandy.
>>------------<<, "The Napoli Express", in <IAsfm> Apr 79 and ISAAC ASIMOV'S
   SCIENCE FICTION ANTHOLOGY VOLUME 2 (ed Scithers) {Davis 79}
   S: A copy of a treaty between the Angevin Empire and Byzantium secretly
   travels to Athens via the Napoli Express for signing.
----------------, "The Bitter End", in <IAsfm> Sep-Oct 78; ISAAC ASIMOV'S
   SCIENCE FICTION ANTHOLOGY VOLUME 4 (ed Scithers) {Davis 80} (aka ISAAC
   ASIMOV'S WORLDS OF SCIENCE FICTION {Dial 80}) and ALFRED HITCHCOCK'S FEAR
   (ed Jordan) {Davis 82}
   S: A drink of rat poison is used to murder a man in a bar, but magic is
   required to explain how the murderer disguised its bitter taste.
----------------, "The Spell of War", in THE FUTURE AT WAR I: THOR'S HAMMER
   (ed Bretnor) {Ace 79} and THE BEST OF RANDALL GARRETT {Pocket 82}
   S: The first meeting of Lord Darcy and Master Sean, on a battlefield.
   C: See also Kurland's STUDY IN SORCERY, TEN LITTLE WIZARDS and THE UNICORN
   GIRL.
Xref: sparky rec.arts.sf.written:13809 rec.arts.sf.movies:7926