HDTenEightyP/NetNews huggingface dataset:
From: Billi Goldberg <bigoldberg@igc.apc.org>
Subject: Sabin and Quiescence
Note: Copyright 1992, Dan R. Greening. Non-commercial reproduction allowed.
Archive-Number: 6277
Organization: unspecified
Date: Mon, 5 Oct 92 07:51:13 PDT

"Feasibility of AIDS Vaccine in Doubt" Chemical and Engineering News 
(09/21/92) Vol. 70, No. 38, P. 17
     Attempts to develop a vaccine against HIV are destined for  
failure, according to Albert B. Sabin, the now-retired  microbiologist, 
who developed the oral polio vaccine.  Sabin says AIDS vaccine research 
neglects the fact that HIV-specific  neutralizing antibodies and cell-
mediated immunity-- which  vaccines stimulate--are ineffective against 
HIV-positive cells  that do not carry viral antigens on their surfaces.  
These cells, which are abundant in human semen and blood, have been 
found to  be key players in the transmission of HIV.  Because the most  
common and efficient form of HIV transmission is by receptive  anal 
intercourse, studies of candidate AIDS vaccines in which  inoculated 
animals are challenged by intravenous administration  of virus or HIV-
positive cells are meaningless, contends Sabin.   During this type of 
intercourse, colorectal cells are probably  infected directly by HIV-
positive white blood cells, he says, and neither antibodies nor cell-
mediated immunity can safeguard  against infection.  "The available data 
provide no basis for  testing any HIV vaccine in human beings either 
before or after  infection," writes Sabin.  He indicates that the 
biggest  challenge facing AIDS researchers is to find ways to identify 
and kill HIV-positive cells without harming normal cells. 
************************************************************************
Bukrinsky MI; Stanwick TL; Dempsey MP; Stevenson M. 
Quiescent T lymphocytes as an inducible virus reservoir in HIV-1 
infection. 
Science, 1991 Oct 18, 254(5030):423-7. 

ABSTRACT: 
To better understand the basis for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 
(HIV-1) persistence and latency, the form in which viral DNA exists in 
the peripheral T lymphocyte reservoir of infected individuals was 
investigated. In asymptomatic individuals, HIV-1 was harbored 
predominantly as full-length, unintegrated complementary DNA. These 
extrachromosomal DNA forms retained the ability to integrate upon T cell 
activation in vitro. In patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome 
(AIDS), there was an increase in integrated relative to extrachromosomal 
DNA forms. By analysis of DNA from patient lymphocyte subpopulations 
depleted of human lymphocyte antigen-Dr receptor- positive cells, 
quiescent T cells were identified as the source of extrachromosomal HIV-
1 DNA. Thus quiescent T lymphocytes may be a major and inducible HIV-1 
reservoir in infected individuals. 
************************************************************************

Newsgroups: sci.med.aids
From: dyer@spdcc.com (Steve Dyer)
Subject: Re: (6213) Re: Cimetidine
Note: Copyright 1992, Dan R. Greening. Non-commercial reproduction allowed.
Archive-Number: 6239
Organization: S.P. Dyer Computer Consulting, Cambridge MA
Date: Mon, 28 Sep 1992 18:43:09 GMT

In article <1992Sep25.210437.6052@cs.ucla.edu> B032775%CUCSC.BITNET@VM.USC.EDU writes:
>in regards to using cimetidine, there has been linkage to depression,
>psychosis, and other assorted emotional problems.  Several years ago,
>there was a push to only use Tagamet on a short-term basis.  I don't
>have the references, but they should be easily obtained at a pharmacy
>or med. school library.

You wouldn't come up with much.

H2-blockers, including cimetidine, are some of the most widely prescribed
drugs in the world; perhaps THE most widely prescribed class of drug.  In
general, H2 blockers are very well tolerated, and reactions of "depression,
psychosis and other associated emotional problems" are not particularly
common in healthy individuals.  The elderly seem to be unusually sensitive
to diffuse central nervous system side effects from these drugs, and in such
individuals, especially at what would be considered ordinary doses, there
have been reports of confusion and excitement.  Prescribers are now much
more careful with the use of these drugs in older patients, but that hardly
indicts the drugs in general--it just means you need to be more careful and
pay attention to who your patient is and the dose given.

It would not be inconceivable that generally debilitated individuals might
have similar reactions to these drugs, and that might include people with
HIV infection who are quite ill.  I tend to doubt these drugs are of much
primary use in HIV infection, anyway.

-- 
Steve Dyer
dyer@ursa-major.spdcc.com aka {ima,harvard,rayssd,linus,m2c}!spdcc!dyer
Newsgroups: sci.med.aids
From: Billi Goldberg <bigoldberg@igc.apc.org>
Subject: Re: CDC Summary 10/5/92
Note: Copyright 1992, Dan R. Greening. Non-commercial reproduction allowed.
Archive-Number: 6282
Organization: unspecified
Date: Mon, 5 Oct 92 20:49:50 PDT

There is no article. What appeared in the CDC summary was the whole
statement.
  
But, was is really interesting is that Martin Delaney at his Town Meeting
last Wednesday ripped apart all the potential vaccines especially 
Redfields. Also, he denigrated all the new antiretroviral drugs. This
was very unusual for Delaney. He also pointed out the importance of
Collier's article that showed that 300 mg of AZT per day was just
as good as higher dosages and must less toxic.

"The times they are a'changing" and "something is blowing in the wind."

Billi
Newsgroups: sci.med.aids
From: mmurrain@HAMP.HAMPSHIRE.EDU
Subject: Re: (6236) women and aids
Note: Copyright 1992, Dan R. Greening. Non-commercial reproduction allowed.
Archive-Number: 6246
Organization: unspecified
Date: Mon, 28 Sep 1992 20:31:13 -0500

jnynge@ritvax.isc.rit.edu writes:
>
>Does anyone have any information on some of the early symptoms of
>HIV infection that women get?
Generally, it appears that women get chronic, recurring vaginal candidiasis
first, and as their T-Cells decline, they tend to get oral and lung
candidiasis.
Other gynecological symptoms may also come early like PID or abnormal Pap
smears and HPV infection.

>  Also is there any info on genital warts and HIV infection?
These may also be a somewhat early sign in women. There is a fair amount of
info out there on PID, HPV, candidiasis, etc, but not a whole lot on
genital warts. (I've got a pretty complete, relatively up to date file on
women and AIDS and I don't have a paper about it.) There might have been
some work done in Africa on it (I vaguely recall that)
-------------------------------------------------------------
                    Michelle Murrain
School of Natural Science,Hampshire College Amherst, MA 01002

               Voice:(413) 549-4600 x688
           email: mmurrain@hamp.hampshire.edu

      co-editor, Feminists in Science and Technology
     (for sub info send snail mail address by e-mail)

--------------------------------------------------------------

Newsgroups: sci.med.aids
From: lamar@athena.mit.edu (Matthew L Florence)
Subject: AIDS and Incest
Note: Copyright 1992, Dan R. Greening. Non-commercial reproduction allowed.
Archive-Number: 6254
Organization: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Distribution: sci
Date: Wed, 30 Sep 1992 17:33:27 GMT

I am currently working on a video about gay men, incest and HIV infection.  By
telling the stories of several gay male survivors of childhood sexual trauma,
I plan to document the effect that the residue of the incest (etc.) has on
their ability to negotiate safety for themselves in sexual situations.  What I
am wondering is, is if anyone out there has any clues as to articles or statis-
tics that might be useful to me.  Any information at all will be most useful.

Thanks.
Newsgroups: sci.med.aids
From: tedr@athena.cs.uga.edu (Ted Kalivoda)
Subject: Re: Statistical help needed...
Note: Copyright 1992, Dan R. Greening. Non-commercial reproduction allowed.
Archive-Number: 6287
Organization: University of Georgia, Athens
Date: Wed, 7 Oct 1992 00:52:43 GMT

In article <1992Oct2.132412.27289@cs.ucla.edu> holzman@mcclb0.med.nyu.edu writes:
>In article <1992Oct1.223808.28116@cs.ucla.edu>, tedr@athena.cs.uga.edu (Ted Kalivoda) writes:
>> If it is true that roughly 5 out of every 1,000 college students is infected
>> with HIV, how could one even begin to calculate the risk of infection.....
>
>You can't unless you are willing to assume students mate randomly.  Data
>on risks of sexual encounters are only approximate and probably not good
>within a single order of magnitude.  Studies with steady partners of 
>infected persons show a wide range of risks.
>
>> Another question:  roughly 40,000 new HIV infection per
>> year/350,000,000 (pop of US) = .0000114 number of infection per/population.

>This is a more useful figure.  The incidence of 1.14 per 100,000 persons
>could be compared with the incidence of other diseases and can be trended
>over time.  It can be modelled and used to forcast.   
 
My research over the past two years has given me doubts about "forecasts."
Although a JAMA article in 88 seemed to suggest some general figures abouit
certain groups that I posted before.  In other words, I haven't seen any
legit studies that extrapolate on present and past incidence in order to
make an epidemeoligical study that says X will happen.  Of course, many
organizations, like WHO, have given proclamations (WHO said 100,000 million
HIV by 88), but I have yet to see any scientists (epidemiolgists) suggest
risks for each American living today.  Our University newspaper only suggested
5 out of 1,000 have HIV, they did not suggest how many cases would be added
this year.  I'm simply curious who is suggesting the amount of future cases
and in what groups.  I'm sure some news organizations have crossed that line
and made predictions, which I would be interested for knowledge sake to know
the major  ones, but what are the epimeiologist now saying about future
cases and incidence rates?

Ted K.
 
Newsgroups: sci.med.aids
From: dyer@spdcc.com (Steve Dyer)
Subject: Yohimbine (Re: ATN #159)
Note: Copyright 1992, Dan R. Greening. Non-commercial reproduction allowed.
Archive-Number: 6247
Organization: S.P. Dyer Computer Consulting, Cambridge MA
Date: Tue, 29 Sep 1992 01:02:54 GMT

Yohimbine is a stimulant (of sorts), though it more often is said
to cause nervousness and jitteriness than a stimulation more like
caffeine or the amphetamines.  It isn't surprising that it might be
found useful in HIV-related fatigue, though perhaps some controlled
studies might be in order.  The pausity of reports in the published
literature probably reflects the general obscurity the drug has in
any clinical use; only recently has attention been payed to its
usefulness in the treatment of some forms of impotence.  Mostly
it's been a laboratory curiosity as an alpha-2-adrenergic antagonist.

More traditional stimulant drugs like methylphenidate (Ritalin) or
even dextroamphetamine can be quite useful in treating AIDS-related
fatigue (though you'd want to make sure that their potential effect
on appetite didn't accelerate weight loss.)  These drugs at least have
a lot of formal and informal experience in their use in fatigue states.
Pity that anti-drug hysteria tends to retard their legitimate use in
situations where they might be useful.  Even doctors who might recognize
that they could help are often afraid to prescribe them due to the stigma
such prescriptions have had.

-- 
Steve Dyer
dyer@ursa-major.spdcc.com aka {ima,harvard,rayssd,linus,m2c}!spdcc!dyer
Newsgroups: sci.med.aids
From: bhjelle%carina.unm.edu@lynx.unm.edu ()
Subject: Re: CDC report of HIV+ population
Note: Copyright 1992, Dan R. Greening. Non-commercial reproduction allowed.
Archive-Number: 6267
Organization: University of New Mexico, Albuquerque
Date: Fri, 02 Oct 92 14:03:33 GMT

In article <1992Oct2.023631.5155@cs.ucla.edu> squirrel@cco.caltech.edu (Pat White) writes:
>There is a question that has bugged me for over a year now.  In 1986, the
>CDC estimated that 1,000,000 Americans were infected with HIV.  Now, six
>years and about 200,000 deaths later, they still report that 1,000,000
>Americans are infected.  

>
>I suspect that they simply don't know, and one million is a nice round
>number to quote.  Does anyone know the yardsticks the CDC uses to estimate
>HIV infection?
>
They multiply the prevalence within each risk group by the
estimated size of the risk group. This is the best method
available in the absence of a population-based survey of
the American public. There are many sources of error in
such estimates. One error is that the groups surveyed are
not representative of the larger group with which they
are lumped. So, for example, gay men in the S.F. Men's
Health Study may not represent gay men at large, even
within San Francisco. Furthermore, the size of the gay
population can only be a rough estimate.

The estimates in 1985-6 were too high.

Brian
From: jfh@netcom.com (Jack Hamilton)
Newsgroups: sci.med.aids
Subject: Flu season is coming
Date: 5 Oct 92 01:11:23 GMT
Organization: Netcom - Online Communication Services  (408 241-9760 guest)
Note: Copyright 1992, Dan R. Greening. Non-commercial reproduction allowed.
Archive-Number: 6274

A reminder: flu season is coming up.  This year's flu shots are now
available.  Most doctors will be able to give them, and many county health
departments give them free or at low cost.

Flu shots are recommended for anyone who is old or has chronic lung or
heart problems, or other chronic diseases.  

FLu shots are also recommended for people who have some kind of immune 
difficiency, for caretakers/friends/family of people in the above groups. 
You may catch a non-symptomatic case of the flu and pass it on to someone
whose immune system isn't capable of coping it; immunization helps to
prevent that kind of transmission. 

Also recommended during flu and cold season: wash your hands a lot, and avoid
touching your fingers to your eyes or mouth. 

Another immunization that some people may want to get is the polyvalent
pneumococcal pneumonia vaccine, which provides some degree of protection
against over 20 stains of bacterial pneumonia.  Unlike the flu vaccine, you
have to get it only once. 

-- 

-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Jack Hamilton   jfh@netcom.com   P. O. Box 281107   SF, CA   94128-1107
Newsgroups: sci.med.aids
From: tedr@athena.cs.uga.edu (Ted Kalivoda)
Subject: Statistical help needed...
Note: Copyright 1992, Dan R. Greening. Non-commercial reproduction allowed.
Archive-Number: 6262
Organization: University of Georgia, Athens
Date: Thu, 1 Oct 1992 21:16:19 GMT

If someone could please assist me with a few numbers.  

If it is true that roughly 5 out of every 1,000 college students is infected
with HIV, how could one even begin to calculate the risk of infection for a
college student?  I suppose there would be a breakdown like this:

	Sexual activity
		Anal Sex
			Number of sexual encounters
			1
			500
		Vaginal Sex
			Number of sexual encounters
			1
			500

At least this is the way the Journal of American Medical Association broke
it down in an 88 article on risk...

Another question:  roughly 40,000 new HIV infection per
year/350,000,000 (pop of US) = .0000114 number of infection per/population.

How could one use this figure to say anything worth while?

The JAMA article did reasearch with specific individuals.  Is this the only
way valid statistical information on risk factors can be attained?

Ted Kalivoda

Newsgroups: sci.med.aids
From: James_S._Bright.wbst129@xerox.com
Subject: Re: Statistical help needed...
Note: Copyright 1992, Dan R. Greening. Non-commercial reproduction allowed.
Reply-To: JBright.Wbst129@xerox.com
Archive-Number: 6266
Organization: unspecified
Date: 	Fri, 2 Oct 1992 06:00:05 PDT

>If it is true that roughly 5 out of every 1,000 college students is infected

I don't know if this is really accurate. Where did you get this number? Last
Spring, when my school paper was doing a special feature on AIDS, it reported
that roughly 2 out of every 1,000 students were infected. I'd be interested in
hearing if you are basing your statement on a new, more up to date study. Of
course where you go to school would probably make a huge difference in how many
HIV positive students attend.

> [...] how could one even begin to calculate the risk of infection for a
>college student?

Are you interested in this for statistical reasons (some type of presentation),
or are you trying to do this for calculating your own risk?

> [...] I suppose there would be a breakdown like this:
>
>        Sexual activity
>                Anal Sex
>                        Number of sexual encounters
>                        1
>                        500
>                Vaginal Sex
>                        Number of sexual encounters
>                        1
>                        500
>
I don't quite understand what you are asking.

> [...] = .0000114 number of infection per/population.

You are giving the number of infections per person. I don't see how this stat
is helpful in any way (you either have it or you don't).

>How could one use this figure to say anything worth while?

I don't think you could. Again, it would be helpful to know what you are using
it for. Debate? Education? Just personal knowledge? There are plenty of
statistics already gathered on the subject (sorry, I don't have any pointers to
give to you) so I think doing a little research would give you all the numbers
you could handle.

Anyways, I'd be interested in knowing what you come up with.

jbright.wbst129@xerox.com

disclaimer: These views are strictly my own, are not meant to represent
Xerox, its associates, my parents, my school, nor my dog's.
From: joel@cray.com (Joel Broude)
Newsgroups: sci.med
Subject: Re: Antihistamines and Decongestants
Date: 30 Sep 92 23:51:20 GMT
Distribution: usa
Organization: Cray Research Superservers Inc., San Diego CA, USA

Krista writes:

> Are there some bad side effects of regularly taking antihistamines
> and/or decongestants?


I wonder that, too.  For example, do decongestants contribute to 
the incidence of kidney stone attacks in those of us prone towards them?
We're supposed to drink lots of water to keep down our uric acid 
and calcium levels.  It would seem that by drying us out, decongestants 
would allow those levels to increase, helping more stones to form.

I also wonder about the LONG-TERM affects of taking antihistimines
and decongestants.  Is anyone aware of any studies?
From: rind@binoc.bih.harvard.edu (David Rind)
Newsgroups: sci.med
Subject: Re: Doctors' credentials
Date: 26 Sep 92 17:37:44 GMT
Distribution: usa
Organization: Beth Israel Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston Mass., USA

In article <1992Sep24.071231.5289@techbook.com> kim@techbook.com
 (Kim Larsen) writes:
>In article <1858@hsdndev.UUCP> rind@binoc.bih.harvard.edu (David Rind) writes:
>>Do you expect to pay for the doctor's time for this interview (insurance
>>certainly won't cover it), or do you expect the doctor to be willing to
>>be interviewed at his own time and expense?
>Is requesting an interview really unresasonable?

I don't think it's unreasonable to want to interview a doctor.  I'm
just wondering if you expect to pay for the time it takes.

Is the idea that this should be at the doctor's expense?  If so, why?
My guess is that market forces in a given area would determine whether
doctors will offer free interviews.  Since most of the doctors I know have
several month waits for new patient appointments, I doubt they'll be
willing to take the time needed for interviews.
-- 
David Rind
rind@binoc.bih.harvard.edu
Newsgroups: sci.med
From: jat8419@ritvax.isc.rit.edu (TRAUMA JUNKIE)
Subject: Re: Treatment for Mononucleosis
Reply-To: jat8419@ritvax.isc.rit.edu
Organization: Rochester Institute of Technology
Date: Mon, 5 Oct 1992 22:15:11 GMT

Mono is a virus, so it can't be cured with antibiotics.  THe best that can be done is some pain relief meds. and acetominophin for the headaches and fever.
I had mono my freshman year.  I refused to listen to the Doc. and tries to go to all my classes...I made it to all but I passed out on the way back once.
I managed to get well in 3-4 weeks although I felt extremley awful for the
time being.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
John A. Ternay
Emergency Medical Services Certified First Responder
Pre-Medical Studies				R.I.T. Ambulance
MD2B					Cornwall Volunteer Ambulance Corps.
			"Trauma Junkie"
            "We make house-calls....all night long"
                                                   
Newsgroups: sci.med.physics
From:  alex@sgem.lt.su (postmaster)
Subject: Re: Querry on the use of software packages in medical physics
Reply-To: alex@sgem.lt.su
Organization: .
Date: Mon,  5 Oct 92 16:02:05 +0300 


Dear colleagues,

Michael Mc Gettrick and Godfrey Nolan from Dept. of Mathematical
Sciences, University of Bath, England, have wrote:

>It seems to us that different software systems are being used to
>solve different aspects of problems in the area of medical physics.
>Recently some "integrated" packages have appeared which can tackle
>all aspects of a problem from numerical analysis to computer
>algebra to visualisation.
>In connection with some work we are doing on linking symbolic and
>numerical computer packages, we would like to know
>a) the requirements (if any!) medical physicists have for integrated
>   (software) systems,
>b) what possible applications have such systems in this area,
>c) whether the packages available at the moment are used widely and whether
>   they satisfy current needs.
My name is Alexander Tugaev, Lithuanian citizen, under my leadership was
fulfilied the following: design and succesfull using symple integrated PC
package for medical applications. There was be in Ukrainian, where I was
working in mathematics department of Kharkov University.

It's hard for me to discuss demands to such s/w in general, I prefer
to answering on you questions from my practical expirience.
Application of our toy was:
- best choice and optimization of using medical drugs, which requlate ions
cell transport for treatment patients with psoriasis.


The medical requirements:
- electronic forms of all clinical documents are supplied;
- dynamical data base, considering symbolic and numerical
  information about patients;
- computing of results of laboratory tests;
- dynamic prognosis patient conditions;
- individual chamge for optimal therapy;

- text, spreedsheets, graphics kinds of informations,
- friendly interface with natural languige (Russian, of course).

The math requirements of our toy was to consist:
- solving folowing numerical problems:
    - initial-value problem for multycompartment ion-transport systems like
      as Bellmann studies
    - optimization problems with original goal function
    - identification problems


Sorry for my bad English.

I'll be glad if my short answers for your questions will be usefull and I
look forward to hearing from you again.

Dr. A.Tugaev
Vilnius
Lithuania
Phone +122-262257-off 413810-res E-mail: alex@sgem.lt.su

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