HDTenEightyP/NetNews huggingface dataset:
From: shammon@eis.calstate.edu (Stephen Gilbert Hammond)
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
Subject: Re: Seismic Sensors...
Date: 21 Nov 92 05:16:14 GMT
Organization: Calif State Univ/Electronic Information Services

jpc@ukc.ac.uk (J.P.Crossley) writes:
> Hi,
> 
> 	I wonder if any people out there could help me with a problem.
> I have a final year electronics degree project to do which is a
> digital seismometer. However, I have had some difficulty in getting
Being YOUR final year electronics degree project and not my project I
don't think I should give you all the answers to the test... But, I guess
a bit of help is in order. Look in the library at 1967 Scientific America.
There you will find in one of the 12 months a gate device that is
considered by many to be the GRAND DADDY of all home seismic projects. The
device will fit your needs. A vertical device in England may not get the
response that you need for a home project. You want a device that has a
period of 8 to 30 seconds. Now once you have located it, you may want to
look at it as a good place to start.
For real help your helpers need a few more answers. What are you going to
do once the coil puts out a single? Do you intend to capture some data to
a system or run the output to a chart recorder? It also might help if you
list what you have already found on the subject.	
Regards, Steve Hammond
   PUBLIC SEISMIC NETWORK (PSN) San Jose, California
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
From: jh507@rollgeosc.psu.edu (John Hammer for GEOSC 507)
Subject: Re: John Hammer, ONE MORE, PLEASE!!!
Organization: Penn State University, College of Earth & Mineral Sciences
Date: Thu, 19 Nov 1992 18:35:37 GMT

Sorry about the typo, thats IBM type, NOT IMB?

You probably figured that out.  Just plain old PC's.

John
Xref: sparky sci.geo.geology:2422 ca.earthquakes:1371
From: stgprao@st.unocal.COM (Richard Ottolini)
Subject: Re: rising sea level & continetal drift
Organization: Unocal Corporation
Date: Mon, 16 Nov 1992 20:35:37 GMT

In article <51481@seismo.CSS.GOV> stead@skadi.CSS.GOV (Richard Stead) writes:
>Finally, There has been no dramatic rise in sea level over the past few
>hundred years.  However, such an effect is an expected result of global
>warming, if this is permitted to happen.  This is because the glaciers
>and polar caps will begin to melt.  It would take a long time to create
>significant impact, but eventually, many of the world's major coastal
>cities could be inundated after a few hundred years of much warmer
>temperatures.

Some people think they see a sea level rise this century.
Most of the data is from tide meters that are sensitive to all kinds of
effects like weather, coastal erosion/deposition, still-happening elastic
rebound from the last glaciation, and more.
Some people have calculation the the thermal expansion of water may cause
sea level to rise a considerable amount and explains the amount seen this
century.
New tools may help better measure sea level better.  Satellite altimeritry,
although not too sensitive on a point to point basis, when one integrates
billions of locations, may give a precise measurement.  Global sonar
tomography will measure the ocean temperature over vast areas and tell
how much the temperature is rising.
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
Subject: Re: ARMAGEDON?
From: derek@nezsdc.icl.co.nz (Derek Tearne)
Date: Sun, 22 Nov 92 20:41:07 GMT
Organization: Fujitsu New Zealand

In article <12977.2b0bcbe3@cpva.saic.com> coycc@cpva.saic.com writes:
> 
> I saw a program on tv the other night that discussed the possibility
>of a global catastrophy in the year 2000. According the program, the
>earth will lose its equilibrium, when the planets allign on may 5TH, because
>the polar ice caps are becoming to massive for the earth to continue rotating
>on the current axis. I thought it was kind of intersesting. what do you folks
>think?

[Caps transformed into nice soft lower case letters for the sake of our 
tired eyes and minds.]

Well, not being one to scoff or anything but...

How many of us remember the last time the planets were about to line up
and a great firebolt was going to zap along this axis evaporating the 
surface of the earth as it went.  It was about 1983 or something. 
I remember Patrick Moore (famous british television astronomer) pointing 
out that not all the planets were involved, the line up wasn't that great 
and that nothing had happened the previous time the planets had lined.
He also pointed out that the previous line had been more of a line and 
involved more planets and nothing was going to happen this time either.  
He was certainly right.  Nothing happened.  

Anyway everyone knows the world is going to end on april the 1st 2034...


-- 
Derek Tearne.   --   derek@nezsdc.icl.co.nz   --    Fujitsu New Zealand   -- 
Some of the more aware dinosaurs were worried about the environmental
consequences of an accident with the new Iridium enriched fusion reactor.  
"If it goes off only the cockroaches and mammals will survive..." they said.
From: jh507@shakegeosc.psu.edu (John Hammer for GEOSC 507)
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
Subject: Re: To John Hammer
Date: 15 Nov 92 21:24:54 GMT
Article-I.D.: ems.1992Nov15.212454.8354
Organization: Penn State University, College of Earth & Mineral Sciences

Maybe a better suggestion:

Take the info to your library.

I know Penn State's library system isn't ranked very high in holdings,
but I'd have to rate it very high in helpfulness!!!
The librarians that I've worked with are really sharp!

Good Luck,

John Hammer
EMAIL: hammer@geosc.psu.edu
From: 00bndaniels@leo.bsuvc.bsu.edu
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
Subject: Re: can 1811 happen again ???
Date: 17 Nov 92 15:18:19 GMT
Organization: Ball State University, Muncie, In - Univ. Computing Svc's

In article <1992Nov16.152900.12433@hou.amoco.com>, zawr02@hou.amoco.com (Andrew W. Robinson) writes:
> In article 11817@bsu-ucs, 00bndaniels@leo.bsuvc.bsu.edu () writes:
>>	What is the "Wabash seismic zone" you are reffering to??
>>Barron Daniels
> 
> I'm on shakier ground with my memory, but the Wabash Seismic zone underlies
> the western half of the Ohio River Valley and is responsible for the low level of
> seismic activity in southern Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois and northern Kentucky.
> Like the New Madrid seismic zone, the Wabash zone is coincident with and 
> probably caused by failed pre-Cambrian (?) rifts.  The courses of the Mississippi
> and Ohio Rivers are probably controlled by the basins formed by the rift zones.
> 
> To be honest, I do not remember whether the name Wabash refers to the rift zone,
> the seismic zone, or both. I'll try to remember to look up some references at home.
> 
> Andrew Robinson
> --------------------------------------------------------------
> Amoco Production Company
> Robinson_Andrew_W/ets_ess@hou.amoco.com	
> --------------------------------------------------------------
> Opinions expressed are solely my own.
Thanks for the answer.  I will be taking a geology class next 
spring because I have an interst in this topic.
Barron Daniels
From: stead@skadi.CSS.GOV (Richard Stead)
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
Subject: Re: Fission - Fusion...  Fissure - Fusure?
Date: 20 Nov 92 21:50:41 GMT

In article <1992Nov20.185711.11843@sco.com>, brianm@sco.com (Brian Moffet) writes:
= Fission is the splitting of atoms, and Fusion is joining of 2 atoms
= 
= A fissure is a split in the ground usually caused by an earthquake, 
= plate movement (without an earth quake?), or some other means.
= 
= Is there a fusure?  Perhaps the Himalayan mountains?

Sorry, we use the term "suture" as in "suture zone".


--
Richard Stead
Center for Seismic Studies
Arlington, VA
stead@seismo.css.gov
From: nin15b63@merrimack.edu (THE WOLF)
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
Subject: Re: planet or squeaky toy?  You decide.
Date: 20 Nov 92 20:08:54 GMT
Organization: Merrimack College, No. Andover, MA, USA

In article <1992Nov17.103653.28846@zoo.bt.co.uk>, jcs@zoo.bt.co.uk (John C Sager) writes:
> 
> No, actually it's caused by the earth shrinking:-)

Hmmm.  Is there any evidence that the earth has a constant size?  I would think
with fluctations in the temperature of its core, various settling processes,
volcanic eruptions and lots of other things I am now aware of, it might shrink
and expand.
-- 
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Andy Harrington                      | Whatever you can do, or dream you can,
 Computer Geek                        | begin it.  Boldness has genius, power 
 Merrimack College, North Andover, MA | and magic in it.  -  Goethe            
 nin15b63@merrimack.edu               | aharrington@ldbvax.lotus.com         
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
From: stead@skadi.CSS.GOV (Richard Stead)
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
Subject: Re: ARMAGEDON?
Date: 20 Nov 92 17:23:12 GMT

In article <12977.2b0bcbe3@cpva.saic.com>, coycc@cpva.saic.com writes:
> 	I SAW A PROGRAM ON TV THE OTHER NIGHT THAT DISCUSSED THE POSSIBILITY
> OF A GLOBAL CATASTROPHY IN THE YEAR 2000. ACCORDING THE PROGRAM, THE
> EARTH WILL LOSE ITS EQUILIBRIUM, WHEN THE PLANETS ALLIGN ON MAY 5th, BECAUSE
> THE POLAR ICE CAPS ARE BECOMING TO MASSIVE FOR THE EARTH TO CONTINUE ROTATING
> ON THE CURRENT AXIS. I THOUGHT IT WAS KIND OF INTERSESTING. WHAT DO YOU FOLKS
> THINK?

First, do you really have to SHOUT!?

Anyway, looks like total bs to me.  The polar ice caps are not getting bigger.
In fact, people are worried about them becoming smaller due to global warming.

Not only that, the mass represented by the polar ice is pretty darn small
compared to the mass of the earth.  The bulge at the equator caused by the
earth's rotation represents much more mass.  And there is a tremendous
amount of angular momentum to be overcome to shift the rotation axis.

Finally, the gravitation force exerted by such planetary alignments on the earth
is so small as to be immeasurable (but it can be calculated).  To compute,
force is GMm/R*R.  Let's just do a ratio.  Take jupiter at closest approach
to the earth and compare it to the moon.  The ratio of the forces is
M(jupiter)*R(moon)*R(moon)/M(moon)*R(jupiter)*R(jupiter)
Jupiter's closest approach is about 6.28e8 km, it's mass is 1.9e27 kg
The moon is at 3.84e5 km, and 7.4e22 kg.
Thus the force ratio is 1:100.  Jupiter, at most, exerts only 1/100th the
force that the moon does.  Why is this significant?  Because the lunar
orbit varies slightly from 4.06e5 km to 3.63e5 km.  Thus, the ratio of
the moon's force from perigee to apogee is a factor of 5:4.  In other words,
the moon's pull varies by about 25% during a month.  While Jupiter's
pull varies by about 1% of the pull of the moon (and over a period of
about a year).  Venus's pull is about 1/200th of the moon, and all the
other planets combined at their maximum pull deliver less than 1/10000th
that of the moon.  So you see, just the monthly variation in the moon's
approach affects the earth about 25 times as strongly as any alignment
of the planets.

But I do want to point out that the earth's rotation axis is not perfectly
stable.  It does wobble ever so slightly.  The wobbles are measurable
and most are predictable (recently researchers have been working
succesfully on predicting the portion of the wobble that is due to the
shifts of air masses in the atmosphere).


--
Richard Stead
Center for Seismic Studies
Arlington, VA
stead@seismo.css.gov
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
From: brianm@sco.com (Brian Moffet)
Subject: Fission - Fusion...  Fissure - Fusure?
Organization: The Santa Cruz Operation, Inc.
Date: Fri, 20 Nov 1992 18:57:11 GMT

Fission is the splitting of atoms, and Fusion is joining of 2 atoms

A fissure is a split in the ground usually caused by an earthquake, 
plate movement (without an earth quake?), or some other means.

Is there a fusure?  Perhaps the Himalayan mountains?

My wife and I were wondering.

Thanks
brian moffet
--
"Face it, Chuck.  Taken as an aggregate, the human race is a stupid, sorry lot."
                           -- Jonathan Quist

brianm@sco.com  or uunet!sco!brianm                    Speaking for Myself
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
From: zawr02@hou.amoco.com (Andrew W. Robinson)
Subject: Re: can 1811 happen again ???
Reply-To: zawr02@hou.amoco.com
Organization: Amoco
Date: Mon, 16 Nov 1992 15:29:00 GMT

In article 11817@bsu-ucs, 00bndaniels@leo.bsuvc.bsu.edu () writes:
>	What is the "Wabash seismic zone" you are reffering to??
>Barron Daniels

I'm on shakier ground with my memory, but the Wabash Seismic zone underlies
the western half of the Ohio River Valley and is responsible for the low level of
seismic activity in southern Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois and northern Kentucky.
Like the New Madrid seismic zone, the Wabash zone is coincident with and 
probably caused by failed pre-Cambrian (?) rifts.  The courses of the Mississippi
and Ohio Rivers are probably controlled by the basins formed by the rift zones.

To be honest, I do not remember whether the name Wabash refers to the rift zone,
the seismic zone, or both. I'll try to remember to look up some references at home.

Andrew Robinson
--------------------------------------------------------------
Amoco Production Company
Robinson_Andrew_W/ets_ess@hou.amoco.com	
--------------------------------------------------------------
Opinions expressed are solely my own.
From: memo@vitatur.spb.su (Ludmila I Titova)
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
Subject: geological collections of VSEGEI
Date: 13 Nov 92 14:52:22 GMT
Reply-To: memo@vitatur.spb.su
Organization: Telecommunication Universal Research, Ltd.


    Specialists of VSEGEI can prepare
 geological collections of different types

    VARIANCES OF GEOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS

1. Geological collections on deposits
   (country rocks, metasomatites, ores,
   geological maps with location of speci-
   mens, short description)

   a) ABAGAITUY, Eastern Trans-Baikal re-
      gion, fluorite ores -
                  6-8 sp.
   b) KLICHKINSKOE ORE FIELD, Eastern
      Trans-Baikal region, complex rare-
      metal, poly-metal and fluorite
      ores -
                 10-16 sp.
   c) SARGARDON, Central Asia, complex
      rare-metal-fluorite ores -
                  6-10 sp.


2. FLUORITE ORES OF EASTERN TRANS-BAIKAL
                 REGION
   8-10 specimens from major deposits with
   short description.

3. TEXTURES AND STRUCTURES OF FLUORITE
                  ORES
   10-16 type specimens from deposits of
   Russia, Central Asia and Mongolia with
   short description.

4. TYPES (GENETIC, GEOLOGIC-INDUSTRIAL) OF
              FLUORITE ORES

   8-10 specimens from deposits of Russia
   and Central Asia with short description.

      Please, contact with
      Anjelica A. Ivanova
      Manager, expert on fluorite, metallogeny
      Prof., Dr. Sc.
      Vladimir V. Ternovoy
      Ore deposits, metallogeny,
      Dr. Sc.
      VSEGEI
      Sredny pr.,74  199026,Leningrad, USSR
      tel.2189179, Fax (812)2135738
From: boozer@gallant.apple.com (Chuq Von Rospach)
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
Subject: Where can I get basic science equiptment for school age children?
Keywords: catalogs
Date: 24 Nov 92 01:14:04 GMT
Organization: I is a writur


Where can I get the basic science [physics/chemestry] equiptment for teaching
grade school children?

Addresses of places in the San Francisco 
Addresses of mail-order companies

Glenn Boozer
Boozer@apple.com
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
From: pierre@chaos.phys.ualberta.ca (Pierre Rouleau)
Subject: Re: life, Moon and geology
Organization: University Of Alberta, Edmonton Canada
Date: Wed, 18 Nov 1992 02:52:37 GMT

In article <1992Nov11.175421.19955@mailer.cc.fsu.edu> cain@geomag.gly.fsu.edu  
(Joe Cain) writes:
> 
> 	Some of the discussion in planetary geology class has centered on
> the role that life had on sculpting Earth's geology so I thought I
> might ask the net for opinions or comments.
> 
> 	First, we have read arguments that life would not have started
> or evolved on Earth at all if we did not have such a large Moon...

The many questions raised by your post are all interesting, so
much so that it is quite a tall order for the net to address them all.
Perhaps a more concise form of question would be to try imagining what
would happen to Earth's life if the Moon was suddenly removed.
I believe this was once a question asked to prospective M.I.T
PhD candidates at their written comprehensives.To start with,
tides would cease along with major circulation patterns in the
oceans, with the result of undesirable temperature variations
which in turn would gravely perturb atmospheric cycles ...
From: stead@skadi.CSS.GOV (Richard Stead)
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
Subject: Re: rising sea level & continetal drift
Date: 16 Nov 92 23:56:49 GMT

In article <1992Nov16.203537.25327@unocal.com>, stgprao@st.unocal.COM (Richard Ottolini) writes:
> In article <51481@seismo.CSS.GOV> stead@skadi.CSS.GOV (Richard Stead) writes:
> >Finally, There has been no dramatic rise in sea level over the past few
> 
> Some people think they see a sea level rise this century.
> Some people have calculation the the thermal expansion of water may cause
> sea level to rise a considerable amount and explains the amount seen this
> century.

Absolutely - I have read the reports.  However, we are talking here about
amounts so small that current technology makes it difficult to be certain
how much this rise is.  Put it this way - if your feet were at sea level
a century ago, your ankles aren't wet yet.  That's why the need for better
measurement techniques, better instruments and satellites, etc.  The amount
measured is pretty consistant with the thermal expansion hypothesis.  However,
thermal expansion will not inundate coastal cities.  It will have little
practical effect other than a good measure of overall global warming.  It
is the melting of the ice that is most important.  (And a warmer ocean will
melt the ice that much faster).


> New tools may help better measure sea level better.  Satellite altimeritry,
> although not too sensitive on a point to point basis, when one integrates
> billions of locations, may give a precise measurement.  Global sonar
> tomography will measure the ocean temperature over vast areas and tell
> how much the temperature is rising.


--
Richard Stead
Center for Seismic Studies
Arlington, VA
stead@seismo.css.gov
From: zawr02@hou.amoco.com (Andrew W. Robinson)
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
Subject: Re: role of meteoroids in continental rifti
Date: 18 Nov 92 22:31:52 GMT
Article-I.D.: hou.1992Nov18.223152.15633
Reply-To: zawr02@hou.amoco.com
Organization: Amoco

In article 0236@VM1.MCGILL.CA, news@sifon.cc.mcgill.ca () writes:
>
>As your average undergraduate wondering about the future, I just gotta
>ask -- is there any future left in geophysics these days? I'd sure like
>to be employed when (er, IF) I graduate...
>                                                    -- Andrew

I know my company has been hiring a FEW geologists and geophysicists
out of school each of the last few years.  Because they hire so few, they 
look for the *cream of the crop* and they pay for it.  Starting salaries are
reputed to be as much or more than I make after 7 years on the job.  So 
much for experience.
---
Andrew (also) Robinson
--------------------------------------------------------------
Amoco Production Company
Robinson_Andrew_W/ets_ess@hou.amoco.com	
--------------------------------------------------------------
Opinions expressed are solely my own.
From: jcg0@ns1.cc.lehigh.edu (JOHN CHARLES GOSSE)
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
Subject: Re: Fission - Fusion...  Fissure - Fusure?
Date: 21 Nov 92 19:54:51 GMT
Organization: Lehigh University

In article <1ejn00INNc06@morrow.stanford.edu>, karish@pangea.Stanford.EDU (Chuck
 Karish) writes:
>In article <1992Nov20.185711.11843@sco.com> brianm@sco.com
>(Brian Moffet) writes:
>>Fission is the splitting of atoms, and Fusion is joining of 2 atoms
>>
>>A fissure is a split in the ground usually caused by an earthquake,
>>plate movement (without an earth quake?), or some other means.
>>
>>Is there a fusure?  Perhaps the Himalayan mountains?
>
>The place where two continents have collided and
>joined into one is often called a "suture".  The
>Himalayas mark one suture, the Alps another, the
>Urals a third (I think).
>--
>
>    Chuck Karish          karish@mindcraft.com
>    (415) 323-9000 x117   karish@pangea.stanford.edu
>
fur sure!
-- 

                  J. Gosse: EES--Lehigh U
            'But it was like that when I got here!'
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology,alt.sci.planetary
From: klaes@verga.enet.dec.com (Larry Klaes)
Subject: Volcano article in December 1992 NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC magazine
Keywords: volcano, National Geographic, magazine, Alaska, lava, eruption
Organization: Digital Equipment Corporation
Date: Mon, 23 Nov 1992 19:34:03 GMT

    	The December 1992 issue of NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC magazine has a
    feature article on volcanoes.  The photographs in this issue are 
    amazing, especially one of the eruption cloud produced by Alaska's 
    Redoubt volcano in 1990.  Basically, it looks like a gigantic orange 
    mushroom cloud (similar to a nuclear bomb detonation) hanging over 
    the surrounding snow-capped mountains and forests.

	Does anyone have a listing of past NG articles on volcanoes?

        Larry Klaes  klaes@verga.enet.dec.com
		     or - ...!decwrl!verga.enet.dec.com!klaes
    		     or - klaes%verga.dec@decwrl.enet.dec.com
                     or - klaes%verga.enet.dec.com@uunet.uu.net

             "All the Universe, or nothing!" - H. G. Wells

        EJASA Editor, Astronomical Society of the Atlantic

Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology,sci.astro,alt.sci.planetary
From: stead@skadi.CSS.GOV (Richard Stead)
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
Subject: Re: rising sea level & continetal drift
Date: 16 Nov 92 19:51:25 GMT
Article-I.D.: seismo.51481

In article <97619@netnews.upenn.edu>, jmartin@eniac.seas.upenn.edu (Jason J Martin) writes:
> I have a question about the rising sea level......I'm told that the
> sea level has risen quite a bit in the past few hundred years.  Could
> this rise in sea level have to do with the moving continents?  Could
> the total amout of ocean floor be decreasing?  Something like that
> would cause a rise in sea level.

First, variations in sea level on the scale of hundreds of years is too short
to be affected by plate tectonics.  The motions are too small.  Fluctuations
on this timescale are primarily due to climate effects, and the primary
effect is how much water is stored in ice.

Second, while plate tectonics can affect sea level, it is in the opposite
sense than you describe.  Basically, smaller or shallower oceans mean
more water covering the continents, since the amount of water will not
change (except how much is stored as ice, and for most of the earth's
4.5 billion years, there was no ice).  Since the tectonic elements are
usually ocean floor or continent, and the amount of continent does not
change much, we would not expect the amount of ocean floor to change much.
However, if we speed up the rates of subduction of ocean floor, then
overall, the ocean floor becomes younger.  Younger ocean floor is warmer
and thus more bouyant over the mantle.  This means the oceans are shallower
and more of the continents are inundated.  Such an explanation is the
most likely for large variations in the amount of exposed continent
in the bulk of earth's history.

Finally, There has been no dramatic rise in sea level over the past few
hundred years.  However, such an effect is an expected result of global
warming, if this is permitted to happen.  This is because the glaciers
and polar caps will begin to melt.  It would take a long time to create
significant impact, but eventually, many of the world's major coastal
cities could be inundated after a few hundred years of much warmer
temperatures.


--
Richard Stead
Center for Seismic Studies
Arlington, VA
stead@seismo.css.gov