From: khan@ces.cwru.edu (Mansoor Khan)
Subject: Ali Brothers, Gallery of Freedom Fighters
Organization: Computer Engineering and Science, Case Western Reserve University
Date: Fri, 28 Aug 92 04:54:22 GMT


		Gallery of Freedom Fighters
		===========================

		    The Ali Brothers
		    ----------------

Maulana Shaukat Ali
-------------------
	Maulana Shaukat Ali was the elder of the two Ali Brothers. He
was deeply interested in Islam from the very beginning and had extraordinary
resources of patience, courage and perseverance against great odds. He was
a committed and sincere worker for his cause and his qualities took him to the
pinnacle of fame and popularity.
	He was born in Rampur and educated at Aligarh [A.M.U.] where he
became the captain of the cricket team, which testifies to his lefelong
keenness for sports. HE served in the provincial civil service of the
United Provinces [of Avadh and Agra] for seventeen years(1896 to 1913).
When the Aga Khan III launched his fund-raising campaign for the
Aligarh Muslim University, Maulana Shaukat Ali worked as its secretary.
He served as a trustee and later as president of the Aligarh College Board.
He helped and aided Maulana Muhammad Ali in the publication of "Hamdard"
and "Comrade", and worked as  founder-secretary of Khuddam-e-Kaabaa
Society Delhi [Dehli]. In 1915 he was imprisoned along with Maulana Mohammad
Ali. In 1919, when he ws in Jail, he was elected president  of the 
first Khilafat Conference. Upon his release in the same year he was elected
secretary and chief executive officer of the Central Khilafat Committee.
In 1921, he was again sentenced to imprisonment along with
Maulan Muhammad Ali and was released in 1923. He led the boycott of Simon 
Commission in 1927 and opposed the Nehru Report in 1928. He attended the
All Parties' Conference in Delhi[Dehli] in 1929 and the first and second
Round Table conferences. He helped organize the World Muslim Conference in 
Jeruslam in 1932. In 1936 he became a member of the All India Muslim League
Council and also of the Muslim League Parliamentary Board. From 1934 to 1938 he 
was a member of the legislative assembly. From 1936 to 1938 he not
only helped the Quaid-e-Azam in popularizing the Muslim League at various levels, but also toured Egypt, Palestine, Syria, Iraq, Yemen, Saudi Arabia
and America where he gave speeches on the freedom movement of India and
on Islam.


Maulana Muhammad Ali Jauhar
---------------------------
	A popular and dynamic national political leader, a courageous
journalist and a poet par excellence, Maulana Muhammad Ali Jauhar was
the greatest Muslim leader of the 20th century before the emergence
of the Quaid-e-Azam.
	Maulana Muhammad Ali was born in Rampur and was educated at
Aligarh Muslim University and the Oxford University(1898-1902).
First of all, he served in the Education Department of the Rampur State,
then he joined the Gaekwad Civil Serivce. Except for a few years
he remained active in the affairs of the All India Muslim League from
1906 to 1928. He launched his famous English weekly "Comrade" from 
Calcutta in 1911 and his Urdu weekly "Hamdard" from Dehli in 1913.
For four years after 1911, he remained involved in the Kanpur Mosque affair,
The Pan-Islamic movement and the Aligarh University     movement.
He was sentenced to four years' imprisonment(1911-15) for his fearless
championing of the Turkish [Khilafat] cause  and violation of the
Defence of India Rules. Upon his release he became a principal leader 
of the Khilafat Movement. He led the Indian Khilafat delegation to
London in 1920. In 1924 he renewed the publication of "Hamdard". In 1928
he left the Indian National Congress, opposed the Nehru Report tooth and
nail, supported the fourteen points of the Quaid-e-Azam and advised the
Muslims to dissociate themselves from the Civil Disobedience movement of 1930.
In the same year he became the president of the Khilafat Conference  and
attended the first Round Table Conference, where he delivered  a memorable,
fiery oration against the subjugation of India and in favor of immediate
independence.
	Maulana Muhammad Ali died in London and ws buried in
Bait-ul-Maqdis. During his ilness he had willed that he be buried in
Bait-ul-Maqdis( Jeruslam) for he did not want to return to a slave country.
He was accordingly buried there.

P.S. From 50 years, Golden Jubilee, Pakistan Resolution, 1940-90
	by Pakistan International Airline (PIA).

P.P.S:
	No discussion of the Ali brothers will be complete without
mentioning their mother, known as Bi Amaa. She was not only 
responsible for the training of Ali brothers, but herself active in
politics. She was also a poetess. 
	If any one has more information on Bi Amaa, please post it
on the net for the benifit of subscribers.
 	I will also appreciate if someone can tell that whether
the education of Ali brothers was supported by the Navab of Rampur
or by the Begum of Bhopal. [Bhopal State was ruled by seven women in
a row before Prince Hamidullah Khan( a graduate of Aligarh University) was
made Navab of Bhopal]
	Ali brothers were tried in Khaaliq-Dinaa Hall on Bunder Road
Karachi. Can someone confirm if they served their time in Karachi Jail?!?!
	Gulistan-e-Jauhar, a suburb of Karachi and Jauhar town in Lahore
are named after Mohammad Ali Jauhar.

Newsgroups: soc.culture.pakistan