From: erh0362@tesla.njit.edu (Elliotte Rusty Harold)
Newsgroups: comp.sys.mac.misc,comp.sys.mac.system,comp.sys.mac.apps
Subject: Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Keywords: FAQ
Date: 24 Jul 92 00:41:20 GMT
Expires: 23 Aug 92 07:59:04 GMT
Reply-To: erh0362@tesla.njit.edu (Elliotte Harold)
Followup-To: comp.sys.mac.misc
Organization: Dept. of Applied Math, NJIT
Supersedes: <Jul.7.23.35.43.1992.1697@pilot.njin.net>


                          comp.sys.mac.faq

  Version 1.11
  Last modified: July 22, 1992
  Changes: 

  Question 5.1
  Returned to my original recommendation of the LaserWriter Driver on
  the System 7 Tuneup Disk since the one on the Personal LaserWriter NTR
  installation disk was discovered to go Kablooie rather frequently on
  some machines (i.e. mine) running System 6.
  
  Question 11.6:
  I removed the incompatibility of Autodoubler with Norton FileSaver 1.0
  and 1.1 since that has, after all, been fixed in version 2.0 of
  Norton. I added the incompatibility with GateKeeper Aid since that 
  doesn't seem likely to be fixed anytime soon.


                          Table of Contents

 I.    Introduction
         1. What other information is available?
         2. Posting Etiquette
 II.   The Question of the Year:
         Why is my system using so much memory?
 III.  FTP
         1. Where can I FTP Macintosh software?
         2. Can I get shareware by E-mail?
         3. Where can I find Application X?
         4. Can someone mail me Application X?
         5. What is .bin?  .hqx?  .cpt?  .image? .etc?
 IV.   Viruses
         1. Help!  I have a virus!
         2. Reporting new viruses
 V.    Printing
         1. How do I make a PostScript file?
         2. How do I print a PostScript file?
         3. Why won't my PostScript file print on my mainframe's printer?
         4. Why are my PostScript files so big?
         5. How can I print PostScript on a non-PostScript printer?
         6. How do I make my ImageWriter II print in color?
         7. Why doesn't PrintMonitor work with the ImageWriter?
         8. Why did my document change when I printed it?
 VI.   System Software
         1. What is System 7 Tuneup?  Do I need it?
         2. Do I need System 7.01?
         3. How can I get System 7.01 on 800K disks?
         4. Why do my DA's disappear when I turn on MultiFinder?
 VII.  DOS and the Mac
         1. How can I move files between a Mac and a PC?
         2. How can I translate files to a DOS format?
         3. Should I buy SoftPC or a real PC?
 VIII. Security
         1. How can I prevent users from changing the contents of a folder?
         2. How can I password protect my Mac?
 IX.   Hard Disks
         1. Help! My folder disappeared!
         2. Why can't I throw this folder away?
 X.    Floppy Disks
         1. Why can't my new Mac read my old Mac's floppy disks?
         2. Can I turn a double-density disk into a high density disk by
            punching an extra hole in it?
 XI.   Miscellaneous
         1. How can I preview a PostScript file?
         2. How do I edit a PostScript file?
         3. What does System Error xxx mean?
         4. How do I use a picture for my desktop?
         5. How do I make a startup screen?
         6. Can I Replace the "Welcome to Macintosh" box with a picture?
         7. What is AutoDoubler? Is it safe?
         8. How does AutoDoubler compare to other compression products?
         9. What's a good text editor for the Mac?
        10. Where did my icons go? 

       To jump to a particular question, search for
  section-number.question-number enclosed in parentheses. For example to
  find "How do I edit a PostScript file?" search for the string (11.2).
  To jump to a section instead of a question use a zero for the question
  number.

       comp.sys.mac.faq is copyright (c) 1992 by Elliotte M. Harold
  Permission is hereby granted to distribute this unmodified document
  provided that no fee in excess of normal online charges is required
  for such distribution. Portions of this document may be extracted and
  quoted free of charge and without necessity of citation in normal
  online communication provided only that said quotes are not
  represented as the correspondent's original work. Permission for
  quotation of this document in printed material and edited online
  communication (such as the Info-Mac Digest and Tidbits) is given
  subject to normal citation procedures (i.e. you have to say where you
  got it).

       Disclaimer: I do my best to ensure that information contained in
  this document is current and accurate, but I can accept no
  responsibility for actions resulting from information contained
  herein. This document is provided as is and with no warranty of any
  kind. Corrections and suggestions should be addressed to
  erh0362@tesla.njit.edu.

       Apple, Macintosh, LaserWriter, ImageWriter, Finder, HyperCard and
  MultiFinder are registered trademarks and PowerBook is a trademark of
  Apple Computer, Inc. Linotronic is a registered trademark of
  Linotype-Hell AG, Inc. Quark XPress is a registered trademark of
  Quark. PostScript is a registered trademark and Illustrator and
  Photoshop are trademarks of Adobe Systems, Inc. PageMaker is a
  registered trademark of Aldus Corp. All other tradenames are
  trademarks of their respective manufacturers.


 =====================
 I HAVE A QUESTION...  (1.0)
 =====================

       Congratulations! You've come to the right place. The Usenet
  community is a wonderful resource for information ranging from basic
  questions (How do I lock a floppy disk?) to queries that would make
  Steve Jobs himself run screaming from the room in terror. (I used
  ResEdit to remove resources Init #11, WDEF 34, and nVIR 17 from my
  system file and used the Hex Editor to add code string #A67B45 as a
  patch to the SFGetFile routine so the Standard File Dialog Box would
  be a nice shade of mauve. Everything worked fine until I installed
  SuperCDevBlaster, and now when I use the Aldus driver to print from
  PageMaker 5.0d4 to a Linotronic 6000 my system hangs. P.S. I'm running
  System 6.02 on a PowerBook 170.)

       However, since the comp.sys.mac.* newsgroups are medium to high
  volume, we ask that you first peruse this FAQ file, check any other
  relevant online resources (listed below), and RTFM (Read the Friendly
  Manual) before posting your question. We realize that you are
  personally incensed that the System is taking up fourteen of your
  newly-installed twenty megs of RAM, but this question has already made
  its way around the world three hundred times before, and it's
  developing tired feet.


 WHAT OTHER INFORMATION IS AVAILABLE?  (1.1)

       This FAQ list provides short answers to a number of frequently
  asked questions from the newsgroups comp.sys.mac.system,
  comp.sys.mac.misc, and comp.sys.mac.apps. Various Mac gurus have
  written other files of excellent quality that go into more detail
  about individual topics including not a few that aren't covered here.
  Please check out any that seem relevant to your problem before posting
  a question. All of the following are available for anonymous FTP from
  sumex-aim.stanford.edu and its mirrors in the /info-mac/report
  directory. 

 800-phone-numbers.txt           What's company X's phone number?
 at-connector-substitute.txt     How can I make an Appletalk Connector?
 backup-to-unix.txt              How do I back up my Mac disk onto my 
                                 UNIX box?
 color-monitor-survey.txt        What's a good multisync monitor?
 compression-util-table.txt      What can uncompress this file? 
 e-mail-gateways.txt             How can I send E-mail to someone on 
                                 CompuServe?  on MCI?  on Fidonet?
                                 on America Online?  etc.
 ftp-primer.txt                  What's ftp?  How do I use it?
 ftp-sites.txt                   What are good ftp sites for Mac software?
 iici-cache-cards.txt            What cache-card should I buy for my IIci?
 iisi-upgrade-options.txt        How can I speed up my IIsi?
 large-color-monitors.txt        What are some good 16 inch and larger 
                                 color monitors?
 mac-discussion-groups.txt       Where can I subscribe to Mac mailing
                                 lists?
 mac-laser-jet-up-rev-11.txt     How can I use a HP LaserJet with a Mac?
 mac-memory-guide.hqx            Everything you ever wanted to know about
                                 Macintosh memory in a HyperCard stack.
 mac-plus-accelerators.txt       How can I accelerate my Plus?
 mac-se-accelerators.txt         How can I accelerate my SE?
 mac-secret-names.txt            What's the codename of product X?
 mac-secret-trick-list.txt       Where's the Easter Egg in product X?
 mac-tcp-info.txt                What's Mac TCP?  Where can I get it?
                                 How do I use it?
 mac-to-workstation.txt          How do I connect my Mac and my Unix box?
 modem-guide-10.txt              LOTS of useful information about modems,
                                 especially high speed modems and the
                                 alphabet soup of modem protocols.
 power-glove-to-mac.txt          How can I connect a PowerGlove to a Mac?
 powerbook-170-tips.txt          How can I improve the performance of my
                                 PowerBook? (Not just for 170 owners)
 powerbook-faq.txt               Frequently asked PowerBook questions.
 powerbook-solutions-guide.hqx   A catalog of various payware products to
                                 enhance your PowerBook
 radius-rocket-upgrade.txt       What do people think of the Radius 
                                 Rocket and similar accelerators?
 se30-external-video.txt         What external monitors and cards do 
 se30-monitor-options.txt        people like for the SE/30?
 se30-full-page-monitors.txt
 style-writer-refills.txt        How do I refill a StyleWriter cartridge?
 sys7-compat-info                Is application X System 7 compatible?  
 sys7-emergency-disk.txt         How can I force System 7 to fit on a 
                                 bootable floppy?
 sys7-finder-command-keys.txt    How do I add Command-key equivalents to 
                                 the Finder menu in System 7?
 vendor-emails.txt               What's company X's E-mail address?

       Two other files of particular note: Mike Kelly maintains a FAQ
  list covering Macintosh programming for the newsgroup
  comp.sys.mac.programmer. It's posted to that group on the first of the
  month and available for anonymous ftp from ftp.cs.uoregon
  (128.223.8.8) in /pub/mac. Jim Jagielski maintains a FAQ for
  comp.unix.aux covering covering Apple's UNIX environment, A/UX. It's
  posted every 2 to 3 weeks in comp.unix.aux and news.answers. It's
  available for anonymous ftp at jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov.


 WHICH NEWSGROUP SHOULD I POST TO?  (1.2)

       Posting questions to the proper newsgroup will fill your mailbox
  with pearls of wisdom (and maybe a few rotten oysters too :-) ).
  Posting to the wrong newsgroup often engenders a thundering silence.
  For instance the most common and glaring mispost, one that seems as
  incongruous to dwellers in the Macintosh regions of Usenet as would a
  purple elephant in Antarctica, asking a question about networking
  anywhere except comp.sys.mac.comm, normally produces no useful
  responses. Posting the same question to comp.sys.mac.comm ensures that
  your post is read and considered by dozens of experienced network
  administrators and not a few network software designers.

       Please post to exactly ONE newsgroup. Do not cross-post. If a
  question isn't important enough for you to spend the extra time to
  figure out where it properly belongs, it's not important enough for
  several thousand people to spend their time reading. Similarly
  comp.sys.mac.misc should not be used as a catch- all newsgroup.

       Questions about applications should go to comp.sys.mac.apps
  except for queries about communications programs, games, HyperCard,
  and databases all of which have their own comp.sys.mac.* newsgroups.
  Post questions about non- communications hardware including questions
  about what software is necessary to make particular hardware work to
  comp.sys.mac.hardware. Questions about Mac OS System Software and
  extensions belong in comp.sys.mac.system. Questions about A/UX go to
  comp.unix.aux. Detailed questions about Appletalk belong in
  comp.protocols.appletalk.

       Direct questions about HyperCard including programming HyperCard
  to comp.sys.mac.hypercard. Non-HyperCard programming questions and
  questions about development environments should go to
  comp.sys.mac.programmer. ResEdit questions may be posted either to
  comp.sys.mac.misc, comp.sys.mac.system, or comp.sys.mac.programmer;
  but generally the netters who inhabit the darker recesses of
  comp.sys.mac.programmer are considerably more practiced at the art of
  resource hacking.

       A general exception to the above rules is that any VERY technical
  question about an application that actually begins to delve into the
  hows of a program as well as the whats (Recent example: How does
  WriteNow which is written entirely in assembly compare to other word
  processors written in high level languages?) might be better addressed
  to the programmer newsgroup.
  
       For Sale and Want to Buy posts should go to comp.sys.mac.wanted
  ONLY. We understand that you're desperate to sell your upgraded 128K
  Mac to get the $$ for a PowerBook 170; but trust me, anyone who wants
  to buy it will be reading comp.sys.mac.wanted. Anything not
  specifically mentioned above, especially political and religious
  questions, (The Mac is better than Windows! Is not! Is too! Is not! Is
  too! Hey! How 'bout the Amiga! What about it? Is Not! Is too!) belongs
  in comp.sys.mac.misc. 

       Finally don't be so provincial as to consider only the
  comp.sys.mac newsgroups the appropriate forums for your questions. A
  lot of modem questions in comp.sys.mac.comm are much more thoroughly
  discussed in comp.dcom.modems. Questions about Mac MIDI often would be
  better handled in comp.music even though this is not a Mac specific
  newsgroup. Shop around. Usenet's a big place and not everything
  relevant to the Macintosh happens in comp.sys.mac.*.


 ================================================================
 QUESTION OF THE YEAR: WHY IS MY SYSTEM TAKING UP SO MUCH MEMORY?  (2.0)
 ================================================================

       If today Apple changed About this Macintosh (About the Finder in
  System 6) to report unusable memory in its own bar rather than lumped
  together with the system, this would probably still be the most
  frequently asked question of the year. Under system versions earlier
  than 7.0 or under System 7.x without 32-bit addressing turned on the
  Mac cannot handle more than eight megabytes of real memory. If you
  have more physical RAM installed, the Mac knows it's there but can't
  do anything with it. When you select About the Finder from the Apple
  menu, the system takes all the extra memory it can't access and
  reports it as part of the memory allocated to the system.

       To use the memory you need to get System 7 and turn on 32-bit
  addressing. If you have a Mac with dirty ROMs (a II, IIx, SE/30, or
  IIcx) you also need MODE32, free from ftp.apple.com or your local
  dealer. If you have an original Mac II you'll also need to add a PMMU
  chip. If you're staying with System 6, Maxima from Connectix ($45
  street) will let you use the extra memory as a RAM disk. 
 
       If you have an LC or an LC II with four megabytes of RAM soldered
  to the motherboard, you still need to add two four-megabyte SIMM's to
  reach the ten megabyte maximum imposed by the LC ROM. This means
  you'll always have two unused megabytes which About this Macintosh and
  About the Finder report as part of the system memory allocation.
  Unfortunately there is no current means of accessing this extra
  memory.


 ===
 FTP  (3.0)
 ===

 WHERE CAN I FTP MAC SOFTWARE?  (3.1)

       The three major American Internet archives of shareware,
  freeware, and demo software are sumex-aim.stanford.edu (36.44.0.6),
  mac.archive.umich.edu (141.211.164.153), and wuarchive.wustl.edu
  (128.252.135.4) which mirrors the other two sites and is often easier
  to connect to. Wuarchive often holds on to files after other sites
  remove them for space concerns, and still has files that were recently
  deleted from the formerly important site, rascal.ics.utexas.edu.
  Rascal was notable for storing its files in MacBinary format rather
  than the less efficient BinHex format common at the other archives.
  Unless otherwise noted shareware and freeware mentioned in this
  document should be available at the above sites.

       To keep traffic on the Internet manageable, European users should
  try connecting to ftp.funet.fi (128.214.6.100), src.doc.ic.ac.uk
  (146.169.2.1), or ftp.irisa.fr (131.254.254.2) instead. Australian
  users should try to find what they want at archie.au (139.130.4.6)
  which mirrors the info-mac archives at Stanford. Japanese users can
  find sumex mirrored at utsun.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp (133.11.11.11).

       A fourth very important site is ftp.apple.com. This is Apple's
  semi- official repository for system software, developer tools, source
  code, technical notes, and other things that come more or less
  straight from Apple's mouth. Some material at this site may not be
  distributed outside the U.S. or by other sites that don't have an
  official license to distribute Apple system software. Please read the
  various README documents available at ftp.apple.com for the detailed
  info if you're connecting from outside the U.S. or if you wish to
  redistribute material you find here.

       Michael Gleason's mac.ftp.list, a more comprehensive list of FTP
  sites for Macintosh software, is available from sumex-aim in the
  info-mac/report directory as ftp-sites.txt. This list catalogs dozens
  of sites and mirrors, both well- known and obscure.


 CAN I GET SHAREWARE BY E-MAIL?  (3.2)

       The info-mac archives at sumex-aim are available by E-mail from
  LISTSERV@RICEVM1.bitnet (alternately listserv@ricevm1.rice.edu). The
  listserver responds to the commands $MACARCH HELP, $MACARCH INDEX, and
  $MACARCH GET filename. You can retrieve files from other sites by
  using the server at ftpmail@decwrl.dec.com. For details send it a
  message with just the text "help" (no quotes).


 WHERE CAN I FIND APPLICATION X?  (3.3)

       If you can't find what you're looking for at one of the above
  sites, try telnetting to your nearest archie server or sending it an
  E-mail message addressed to archie with the subject "help." Archie
  servers are located at archie.rutgers.edu (128.6.18.15, America),
  archie.mcgill.ca (132.206.2.3, the original archie server in Canada),
  archie.au (139.130.4.6, Australia), archie.funet.fi (128.214.6.100,
  the continent), and archie.doc.ic.ac.uk (146.169.3.7, the U.K.). These
  sites serve as indexes for the tens of thousands of files available
  for anonymous ftp. Login as "archie" (no password is needed) and type
  "prog filename" to find what you're looking for or type "help" for
  more detailed instructions. For instance after connecting type "prog
  Disinfectant" to search for a convenient ftp site for Disinfectant. If
  the initial search fails to turn up your file, try variations on the
  name. For instance if you didn't find Disinfectant, you might try prog
  dis instead.

       Please check the above archives and ARCHIE personally BEFORE
  asking where you can find a particular piece of shareware. If you
  follow the above advice, you should almost never have to ask the net
  where to find a particular piece of software.


 CAN SOMEONE MAIL ME APPLICATION X?  (3.4)

       No. Nor will anyone mail you a part of a file from
  comp.binaries.mac that was corrupt or missed at your site. Please
  refer to the first questions in this section to find out about
  anonymous FTP, archie, and how to request files from automatic E-mail
  servers.


 WHAT IS .BIN? .HQX? .CPT? .ETC?  (3.5)

       Most files available by FTP are modified twice to allow them to
  more easily pass through foreign computer systems. First they're
  compressed to make them faster to download, and then they're
  translated to either a binhex or MacBinary format that other computers
  can digest. (The Macintosh uses a special two-fork filing system that
  chokes most other computers.) BinHex files are 7-bit ASCII text files,
  while MacBinary files are pure 8-bit binary data that must always be
  transferred using a binary protocol. 

       How a file has been translated and compressed for transmission is
  indicated by its suffix. Normally a file will have a name something
  like filename.xxx.yyy. .xxx indicates how it was compressed and .yyy
  indicates how it was translated. To use a file you've FTP'd and
  downloaded to your Mac you'll need to reverse the process. Most files
  you get from the net require a two-step decoding process. First change
  the binhex or MacBinary file to a double-clickable Macintosh file;
  then uncompress it. The details of decoding are covered in the table
  below.


 ***************************************************************************
 Suffix:      .sit  .cpt  .hqx  .bin  .pit  .Z  .image  .dd  .zip  .uu  .tar
 Extractors
 --------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Stuffit 3.0|   X           X     X     X                X
 Compact Pro|         X     X
 Packit     |                           X
 UUTool     |                                                       X
 MacCompress|                                X
 SunTar     |               X     X     X                                 X
 BinHex 5.0 |                     X
 BinHex 4.0 |               X
 DiskDoubler|                                            X
 UnZip      |                                                  X
 DiskCopy   |                                      X
 ***************************************************************************

  A few notes on the uncompressors:

       Stuffit is a family of products that use several different
  compression schemes. The recently released shareware Stuffit Lite 3.0
  should unstuff all of these. Stuffit 3.0 also makes smaller archives
  than any other compression utility for the Mac. To allow maximum space
  for files on the various ftp sites and to keep net-bandwidth down,
  please compress all files you send to anonymous ftp sites with
  Stuffit 3.0.

       UUTool, MacCompress, and SunTar handle the popular UNIX formats
  of uuencode, compress, and tar respectively. The UNIX versions are
  often more robust than the Mac products, so use them instead when
  that's an option. Translators that allow Stuffit Lite to expand
  uuencoded and tar files are also available by anonymous ftp.

  A few notes on the compression formats:

  .bin: 
       These are MacBinary files. Always use a binary file transfer
  protocol when transferring them, never ASCII or text. Most files on
  the net are stored as .hqx instead. Only rascal stores most of its
  files in .bin format. Most communications programs such as ZTerm and
  MacKermit are capable of translating MacBinary files on the fly as
  they download if they know in advance they'll be downloading MacBinary
  files.

  .image: 
       Typically this format is used only for system software, so
  that online users can download files that can easily be converted into
  exact copies of the installer floppies. Instead of using DiskCopy to
  restore the images to floppies, you can use Steve Christensen's
  freeware utility MountImage to treat the images on your hard disk as
  actual floppies inserted in a floppy drive. MountImage has a
  reputation for being buggy, so you should have some blank floppies and
  a copy of DiskCopy handy just in case.

  .sea (.x, .X):
         .sea doesn't merit a position in the above table because these
  are self-extracting archives. They may have been created with Compact
  Pro, Stuffit, or even Disk Doubler; but all should be capable of
  uncompressing themselves when double-clicked. For some unknown reason
  Alysis has chosen not to use this industry standard designation for
  self-extracting archives created with their payware products
  SuperDisk! and More Disk Space. Instead these two append either .x or
  .X to their self-extracting archives.


 ========
 VIRUSES  (4.0)
 ========

 HELP!  I HAVE A VIRUS.  (4.1)
 
       90% of all problems reportedly caused by viruses are actually due
  to mundane bugs in software (and 90% of all statistics are made up :-)
  ). Before reporting a virus infection make sure you check your system
  with the latest version of Disinfectant, 2.8 as of this writing, by
  the excellent John Norstad and friends from Northwestern University.
  Disinfectant is absolutely free and available from sumex-aim and all
  the other usual suspects. It's easy to use and can completely protect
  your system from currently known Macintosh viruses. Releases to
  protect from new viruses are normally made within a day or two of the
  first confirmed sighting and capture of a new virus, and make their
  merry way around the electronic highways faster than any Macintosh
  virus ever has.


 I THINK I'VE FOUND A NEW VIRUS.  WHAT DO I DO?  (4.2)

       DON'T post a report to any comp.sys.mac.* newsgroup. 99% of all
  suspected new viruses are merely mundane bugs in the system or
  applications being used; and even if you really have found a new
  virus, there's nothing we can do about it anyway. You'll only succeed
  in generating a lot of follow-up panic reports from other people
  who'll blame every crash of Quark XPress on the new virus.

       If your system is protected against known viruses by Disinfectant
  or one of the other anti-virus packages and you suspect a new virus is
  causing you trouble, first consult with the most knowledgeable local
  guru about your problem. Nine times out of ten, he or she will
  identify it as a boring, ordinary, known bug in the software. If you
  are the local guru and still think you may have found a new virus, and
  have thoroughly checked out all other possibilities, then, and only
  then, send a detailed description of your problem to
  j_norstad@nwu.edu. Check the appropriate sections of the Disinfectant
  manual for procedures to follow before reporting a new virus.


 =================
 PRINTING PROBLEMS  (5.0)
 =================

 HOW DO I MAKE A POSTSCRIPT FILE?  (5.1)

       First make sure a LaserWriter driver is in your System folder. It
  doesn't really matter which one although the one from the System 7
  Tuneup disk is the best. You don't need System 7 to use the System 7
  LaserWriter driver. If you're using the System 6 driver, you'll also
  need a Laser Prep file in your System Folder and background printing
  turned off. Once you've verified that there is indeed a LaserWriter
  driver in your system folder, select LaserWriter in the Chooser. A
  dialog box will likely pop up informing you that the LaserWriter
  requires Appletalk and asking you if you want to turn Appletalk on.
  Whether or not you have AppleTalk click OK. Then select Page Setup
  from the File menu to format your document for the LaserWriter. Next
  select Print from the File menu.

       If you're using the System 7 LaserWriter driver, the Print dialog
  box that appears will have a radio button for Destination near the
  bottom. Click on PostScript file. The Print button at the top should
  change to a Save button. Click it and you'll get a standard file
  dialog asking you what to name and where to save the PostScript file.

      If you're using the LaserWriter driver 6.0x or 5.2, the procedure
  is more complicated. When the Print dialog box comes up, put one
  finger over the K key. If you'll eventually print the file on a
  non-Apple PostScript printer, especially one not designed with the
  Macintosh in mind, also put a finger over the Command key. Using
  Command-K instead of plain K includes some Mac specific information
  non-Apple-oriented PostScript printers need to know about. Next hit
  return or click OK with the mouse and then IMMEDIATELY hit K or
  Command-K with your other hand. You've got about one second to do
  this. If you see a message box that says "Creating PostScript file,"
  you did it right. If you don't see that message, you weren't quick
  enough. Try again.

       Once you've gotten the message "Creating PostScript file" you
  should find a file called PostScript0 in the same folder as the
  application you were printing from. This is the file you just printed.
  Rename it before you forget what it is. If you print to disk (what
  this whole process is officially called) more than once, the second
  file will be called PostScript1, the third PostScript2, and so on. It
  really is much easier to use the System 7 LaserWriter driver.


 HOW DO I PRINT A POSTSCRIPT FILE?  (5.2)

       On a Macintosh you'll need the LaserWriter Utility available on
  the high density TidBits disk from System 7 or the More Tidbits disk
  from the 800K distribution. It's also available for anonymous ftp from
  ftp.apple.com in /dts/mac/sys.soft/imaging. LaserWriter Utility allows
  you to send files to the LaserWriter in such a way that PostScript
  commands get interpreted as PostScript rather than as text to be
  printed. If you're printing to a PostScript printer connected to
  something other than a Macintosh, you'll need to consult your local
  system gurus. A simple "lpr filename.ps" works on my Sparc, but your
  mileage may vary.


 WHY WON'T MY POSTSCRIPT FILE PRINT ON MY MAINFRAME'S PRINTER?  (5.3)

       Moving PostScript files between the Macintosh and other platforms
  is as dark an art as exists in the Macintosh universe. You'll have to
  experiment with your specific setup and see what works best for you.
  If you're using the System 6 LaserWriter driver, try using K instead
  of F to create the PostScript file so that the Laser Prep header is
  included. System 7 includes this automatically though you can use Hugo
  Ayala's shareware Control Panel device Trimmer to leave it out if you
  need to. More importantly Trimmer lets you select which fonts to
  include in your PostScript file. The upload to the mainframe from
  which the PostScript file will be printed may also make a difference.
  Normally you need to upload in pure Binary format, neither MacBinary
  nor ASCII. Try using only genuine PostScript fonts, no TrueType or
  bitmapped fonts.


 WHY ARE MY POSTSCRIPT FILES SO BIG?  (5.4)

       The System 7 LaserWriter driver automatically includes all the
  fonts you use in your document plus the LaserPrep information plus the
  TrueType engine (if you're using any TrueType fonts) in the PostScript
  file. Thus a 3K document formatted in 90K worth of fonts can easily
  produce a 300K PostScript file. If these fonts are present on the
  system you'll be printing from, they don't need to be included in the
  document; and you can remove them with the shareware control panel
  Trimmer or the free utility StripFonts.


 HOW CAN I PRINT POSTSCRIPT ON A NON-POSTSCRIPT PRINTER?  (5.6)

       You need one of the payware applications Freedom of the Press or
  TScript. For most users who only want to print to common printers like
  DeskWriters, StyleWriters, or Personal LaserWriter LS's, the Light
  version of Freedom of the Press or the Basic version of TScript will
  suffice. ($55 street for either). More expensive versions of both
  products are available that work with more esoteric printers,
  particularly color printers and very-high-end imagesetters. 


 HOW DO I MAKE MY IMAGEWRITER II PRINT IN COLOR?  (5.7)

       Applications such as SuperPaint 2.0 and MacWrite II that support
  the original eight-color model for QuickDraw graphics, can print in
  color with just a color ribbon and no additional software. The
  shareware GifConverter can open and print a variety of graphics file
  types in excellent dithered color. Jeff Skaitsis's $1 shareware
  CheapColor can also dither PixelPaint and PICT2 files to an
  ImageWriter II. For general purpose color printing from any
  application the only solution is the payware MacPalette. 


 WHY DOESN'T PRINTMONITOR WORK WITH THE IMAGEWRITER?  (5.8)

       Ask the Apple Customer Assistance Center (20525 Mariani Avenue,
  Cupertino, CA 95014, USA, 1-800-776-2333) this one. Meanwhile the only
  current way to print spool to an ImageWriter under System 7 is with
  SuperLaserSpool 3.0 from Fifth Generation Systems. This is a fully
  commercial product. There are NO freeware, shareware, or other FTPable
  solutions that work under System 7 so get out your credit cards. At
  $98 street price for SuperLaserSpool and only $300 for the vastly
  superior DeskWriter or StyleWriter you may want to forgo
  SuperLaserSpool and buy a better printer instead.

       If you're still using System 6 and have no plans to move to
  System 7, there is a shareware product called MultiSpool from Italy;
  but it is not System 7 compatible and prints only under MultiFinder.


 WHY DID MY PERFECTLY FORMATTED DOCUMENT LOOK LIKE GARBAGE WHEN I TOOK
 IT TO SOMEONE ELSE'S COMPUTER TO PRINT?  (5.9)

       There are about a dozen different reasons this can happen. You
  normally need to take account of all of these when formatting files
  for someone else's printer. Far and away the most common problem is
  using the wrong printer driver. BEFORE you start formatting your
  document, make sure you have a printer driver for the printer you'll
  use for your final draft in your system folder and have selected that
  printer in the Chooser. Then do a Page Setup. This lets the
  application know what sort of output it should try to match the
  display to.

       The second most common problem is font confusion. Make sure you
  know exactly which fonts are in your document; and, if you're printing
  to a PostScript printer, make sure PostScript versions of these fonts
  are available to that printer. On newer printers you might also be
  able to use TrueType fonts; but PostScript is still the standard,
  especially if you're eventually going to Lino for camera ready
  output.

       The third most common source of trouble is poor formatting,
  especially in Microsoft Word. The Mac is not a typewriter, and you
  shouldn't use it as one. Don't use tabs as a substitute for
  indentation, don't force a page break with carriage returns, and NEVER
  use spaces to position anything. If you're writing a resume (far and
  away the most common source of formatting problems for Word users),
  give serious thought to using the well-formatted resume template that
  comes with Word to help you avoid problems with your final printout.


 ===============
 SYSTEM SOFTWARE  (6.0)
 ===============

 WHAT IS SYSTEM 7 TUNEUP?  DO I NEED IT?  (6.1)

       If you use System 7 or the System 7 printer drivers, you need
  System 7 Tuneup. The tuneup includes a number of fixes and
  enhancements to System 7, including substantially faster printer
  drivers, a StyleWriter driver that can be spooled, a fix that saves
  several hundred kilobytes of memory on non-networked Macs, and, most
  importantly, a vaccine for the disappearing folders bug.


 DO I NEED SYSTEM 7.0.1?  (6.2)

       Officially if you don't have a Quadra or PowerBook, you don't
  need System 7.0.1. Unofficially some changes were made that speed up
  SANE (numerics) operations on 32-bit clean Macintoshes with a
  floating-point coprocessor. These include all IIci's and IIfx's plus
  LC's and IIsi's that have had a coprocessor specially installed.
  (Neither of the latter machines ships with a coprocessor.)


 HOW CAN I GET SYSTEM 7.0.1 ON 800K DISKS?  (6.3)

       You can't because all machines that gain any benefits from 7.0.1
  come equipped with high density floppy drives. You can however use the
  utility MountImage to mount the images of the 1400K System 7.0.1 disks
  (available from ftp.apple.com) on your hard drive and install from the
  image rather than a floppy. Be warned, however, that MountImage is
  notoriously unreliable when doing installs. Be sure you make a
  complete backup of your hard disk and have a set of System disks on
  genuine floppies before attempting to install from mounted images.


 WHY DO MY DA'S DISAPPEAR WHEN I TURN ON MULTIFINDER?  (6.4)

       You need to put the file "DA Handler" in your System Folder. It
  should be on one of your System 6.0x disks. Under Finder the Desk
  Accessories load into the memory provided by your application. Under
  MultiFinder they load into their own memory space provided by DA
  Handler.


 ===============
 DOS AND THE MAC  (7.0)
 ===============
 
 HOW CAN I MOVE FILES BETWEEN A MAC AND A PC?  (7.1)

       The simplest way to move files between a PC and a Mac is with a
  null-modem cable and a good communications program. You can get a
  null-modem cable from any good electronics store. Make sure the cable
  you buy has the appropriate connectors for the Mac and PC you'll be
  connecting. Hook one end of the cable to the printer or modem port on
  your Mac and the other to the serial port on the PC. This should work
  just like a very high speed (57,600 bps) modem connection except that
  you'll probably need to turn on local echo in your communications
  program.

       If the computers aren't within cabling distance, you can either
  upload the files to an intermediary mainframe or put them on a floppy
  disk. The Superdrive (see the section on floppy disks) sold since the
  introduction of the IIx is capable of formatting and writing to 3.5
  inch PC floppies. Apple includes Apple File Exchange, a minimal
  program capable of doing this as part of the System Software. Apple
  File Exchange is difficult to use and violates at least half of
  Apple's user interface guidelines. (Can anyone explain why no other
  software company violates as many of Apple's user interface guidelines
  as Apple itself does?) For details on its use please Read the Friendly
  Manual. 

       If you have a frequent need for using DOS floppies and you have a
  SuperDrive, you may want to invest in a more transparent solution. The
  three currently available are AccessPC from Insignia Solutions, DOS
  Mounter from Dayna, and Macintosh PC Exchange from Apple, all of which
  automatically mount and format 3.5 inch DOS floppies in a SuperDrive
  without requiring you to run a separate program before you insert the
  disk. MacPC File Exchange requires System 7. If you use DOS Mounter be
  sure to increase your RAM cache to at least 256K. This will
  substantially improve its performance.


 HOW CAN I TRANSLATE FILES TO A DIFFERENT PLATFORM?  (7.2)

       With the increasing popularity of cross-platform development,
  many Macintosh programs like Adobe Illustrator 3.0, Adobe Photoshop,
  and Microsoft Word 5.0 are able to save directly to a format readable
  by DOS or Windows programs. You'll still need to mount the DOS
  floppies in the Mac drive using one of the products discussed above or
  do a default translation from within Apple File Exchange. 

       Although translators for Apple File Exchange could theoretically
  be designed to translate files made by applications without these
  capabilities, AFE has never really caught on. The best solution is a
  payware product by DataViz called MacLink Plus. MacLink Plus, about
  $100 street price, can translate over 400 DOS, Windows, Macintosh, and
  NeXT formats back and forth. As an added bonus it comes bundled with a
  copy of DOS Mounter.


 SHOULD I BUY SOFTPC OR A REAL PC?  (7.3)

       The various versions of SoftPC will run most PC software on a
  Macintosh as advertised; but even on the fastest Macs, SoftAT will be
  slower than an original AT. On any Mac slower than a IIci or with any
  version of SoftPC other than SoftAT, you'll likely get performance at
  best of twice the speed of an original XT. More likely you'll only
  have the speed of an original XT. For today's software like
  WordPerfect 5.1 that's S...L...O...W. 

       Of course slow is relative. I've seen an AMIGA running a Mac
  emulator running SoftPC running a CP/M emulator. That's slow! As part
  of testing the 486 chip design, Intel ran DOS on a simulation of the
  486 chip running on an IBM 3090 mainframe. It took them TWO WEEKS to
  get to the C> prompt! That's slow. SoftPC on a Classic is actually
  about as fast as the original IBM PC from ten years ago.

       Furthermore SoftPC is known to have problems with certain
  peripherals, both for the PC and the Mac. If you need to use any
  external peripherals besides a floppy drive, you should get a real PC.
  Moreover SoftPC's graphics are currently limited to at best EGA. If
  you need VGA you need a real PC. Considering that SoftAT has a street
  price only slightly less than a new AT clone complete with its own
  small hard disk, floppy drive, and monitor, you're almost certainly
  better off buying a real PC if you need to run any but the most
  trivial DOS software.


 ========
 SECURITY (8.0)
 ========
 
 HOW DO I PREVENT PEOPLE FROM CHANGING THE CONTENTS OF FOLDERS IN A 
 PUBLIC MAC LAB?  (8.1)

       A first line of defense would be to use ResEdit, DiskTop, or a
  similar tool to set the invisible, locked, and nocopy (bozo) bits on
  the folders, applications, and documents you want to protect. This
  won't stop a knowledgeable or determined hacker, and protecting the
  system folder in this fashion may cause problems under System 7; but
  it will cure 90% of your random-user-moving-things- around problems.

       If you want to lock out more sophisticated users, a number of
  payware utilities are available that allow you to password protect
  individual folders. They include FolderBolt from Kent Marsh ($75
  street), and Empower II from Magna ($155 street). The registered
  version of Art Schumer's MacPassword ($35 shareware) is also capable
  of this, although the FTPable demo version is not. You might also
  consider Brian Bechtel's freeware LockDisk 1.0, a cdev that makes the
  boot disk read only. However this can cause problems with some
  applications that can't run from a read-only disk.


 HOW CAN I PASSWORD-PROTECT A MAC?  (8.2)

       Dr. Ralph Martin's shareware Password 1.3 provides a minimal
  level of protection for your hard disk, but can be bypassed by the
  simple expedient of booting from an unprotected floppy. Art Schumer's
  shareware MacPassword cannot be bypassed that easily, but the demo
  version available by FTP expires after sixty days. Some hard disk
  formatters also offer optional password protection. Notable in this
  category is FWB's Hard Disk Toolkit, about $125 mail-order.

      A number of more powerful payware utilities are capable of this
  and a lot more though with great security comes great danger. The more
  secure a product is the more chance you have of accidentally locking
  your hard disk so tight that you yourself can't recover your data.
  Notable commercial products in this category are DiskLock from Fifth
  Generation ($127 street) and Empower I from Magna ($90 street).


 =================
 HARD DISK PROBLEMS  (9.0)
 =================
 
 HELP! THE FOLDER CONTAINING ALL SOURCE CODE FOR MY COMPANY'S BIG 
 PROJECT JUST DISAPPEARED FROM OUR SERVER; WE HAVEN'T BACKED UP IN 
 A WEEK; AND IF I CAN'T GET IT BACK I'LL BE FIRED AND MY COMPANY 
 WILL GO BANKRUPT!  (9.1)

       Try a Find on the missing filenames; and, if they turn up, move
  those files to the desktop. In the meantime have a friend call a good
  bankruptcy lawyer. There are no surefire solutions to this problem
  although at least one utilities vendor is rumored to be working on a
  fix. You can, however, prevent this from happening again. Run Disk
  First Aid, back up your disk (what's left of it), reformat it,
  reinstall System 7, and then install System 7 Tuneup 1.1.1 which fixes
  the disappearing folders bug. Apparently the larval form of this bug
  was gestating in several earlier versions of the Mac OS but didn't
  actually hatch and bite anyone until 7.0.


 WHY CAN'T I THROW AWAY THIS FOLDER?  (9.2)

       Possibly the folder contains items that are locked or in use and
  can't be thrown away. Turn off file-sharing (if it's on) and quit all
  applications. Then try to throw the folder away. If that doesn't work
  and you're using System 6, hold down the option-key and drag the
  folder into the trash; or if you're using System 7, hold down the
  option key while selecting "Empty Trash" from the special menu.
  Holding the option key down lets you throw away locked items. If that
  doesn't work restart the computer, hold down the option key, and try
  again. If you still can't throw away the folder, try throwing away the
  items in the folder (if any) one by one until you find the ones giving
  you trouble. Remove them from the folder, and then throw the folder
  away. If you still can't throw the folder away, you've discovered a
  "Folder from Hell." It can be fixed with John Jeppson's HellFolderFix
  utility, available from the usual FTP sites.


 ============
 FLOPPY DISKS  (10.0)
 ============

       There have been three kinds of floppy disks in the history of the
  Macintosh. The original 128K Thin Mac (which used to be called a
  classic Mac before the advent of the much superior Mac Classic) and
  the subsequent 512K "Fat Mac" used 400K, single-sided double-density
  diskettes. These disks are outdated, and it's highly unlikely you'll
  actually see any. If you need to exchange data with an older
  Macintosh, you'll need to use disks formatted as one-sided. Since very
  few, if any, stores still sell one-sided 3.5 inch disks anymore, it's
  fortunate that all Macs deal quite happily with double-sided disks
  formatted as single-sided. Just click the button labeled "One-sided"
  after you select "Erase Disk" from the Special menu.
  
       ***Neat Trick alert*** Sometimes disks that fail formatting as
  double- sided can be formatted as single-sided. Even neater trick:
  Under System 6.0x the shareware init BAD can map out bad sectors on a
  floppy disk which lets about 70% of bad disks be formatted. (System 7
  does this automatically.) Neatest trick of all: All name-brand
  diskettes (SONY, Maxell, etc.) come with lifetime warranties. A lot of
  offices keep a bad disk box for everyone to dump their bad disks in
  and send the disks in for replacement when they collect ten or so; but
  it's been my experience that if you return just a single bad disk
  these companies will send a whole ten pack as a replacement.

       With the introduction of the Mac Plus in 1986, Apple also
  introduced a larger disk drive capable of reading and writing 800K,
  "Double-Sided Double- Density" disks, DSDD for short. The only way to
  tell these disks from the earlier, one-sided diskettes, is by the
  label on the metal cover. Unformatted these are identical to the 720K
  disks common in the IBM world. With the Mac IIx Apple introduced
  what's alternately known as the Superdrive or "FDHD," short for
  "Floppy Drive, High Density." The FDHD (pronounced Fud-Hud) can read
  and write all of the previous kinds of diskettes plus double-sided
  high-density disks which are distinguished by two holes in the disk
  case rather than the normal one. The FDHD uses the extra hole to
  recognize a high-density disk.


 WHY DOESN'T MY MAC CLASSIC (SE/30, QUADRA, IIci, etc.)  READ THE DISKS 
 FROM MY OLD PLUS?  (10.1)

       The Macintosh Plus and earlier machines along with most original
  Mac II's and some SE's do not have the high density FDHD drive
  necessary to properly read and format a high-density disk. If you
  insert a blank high-density disk in a low density drive, the Mac, not
  knowing the difference between a double-density and a high-density
  floppy, will happily format your expensive 1.4 meg disk as a cheap
  800K diskette. When you move this disk to a more advanced machine with
  a FDHD drive, the newer drive will recognize the disk as a
  high-density floppy by its extra hole. Since the disk has been
  formatted as 800K instead of as 1400K, the FDHD drive will misread it
  and ask you if you want to initialize it. As a temporary workaround
  place a small piece of scotch tape over both sides of the extra hole
  on the high-density disk to trick the Mac into treating the disk as a
  double-density disk. This is a temporary fix only, and the tape should
  be removed and the disk reformatted to the proper size as soon as
  possible.


 CAN I MAKE A HIGH-DENSITY DISK BY PUNCHING AN EXTRA HOLE IN A 
 DOUBLE-DENSITY DISK?  (10.2)

       Yes you can, but I certainly wouldn't trust any data I intended
  to keep for more than the next minute or two to such a diskette. The
  extra hole is not the only difference between a double-density and a
  high-density disk. The magnetic media on a high-density disk is a
  different type that is much more susceptible to formatting.
  Double-density diskettes should only be formatted as 800K. With the
  plummeting prices of real high-density disks, this really shouldn't be
  an issue anymore.


 =============
 MISCELLANEOUS  (11.0)
 =============

 IS THERE A UTILITY TO VIEW POSTSCRIPT FILES ON THE MAC?  (11.1)

       Net godhood awaits the first person to write a shareware or
  freeware solution to this problem. The payware products Canvas 3.0 and
  TScript allow viewing PostScript files on the Mac, but both are large
  packages with other purposes and cost over $50 each.


 IS THERE A UTILITY TO EDIT POSTSCRIPT FILES ON THE MAC?  (11.2)

       In the most basic sense PostScript files are just ASCII text, so
  if you're familiar with the PostScript programming language you can
  edit PostScript in any good text editor. If you want to edit the
  PostScript files graphically, the only utility currently capable of
  that on some level is Canvas 3.0.


 WHAT DOES SYSTEM ERROR XXX MEAN?  (11.3)

       Typically it means nothing at all of any use to you. Your time is
  much more usefully spent trying to figure out what actions in which
  application caused the crash so that you can avoid them in the future
  rather than deciphering system error numbers. After all, knowing that
  Error 16 means a math coprocessor is not installed doesn't help you
  much in fixing the problem. Knowing that this happens in Quark XPress
  3.0 every time you try to link two text boxes on a master page when
  copies of those text boxes already contain text does. (And in this
  case the error message isn't even accurate.) If you really want to
  know what that number means, get Dr. Pete Corless's System Error 7.0.1
  utility available in the usual places.


 HOW DO I USE A PICTURE FOR MY DESKTOP?  (11.4)

       You need to get the init DeskPict, available from the usual FTP
  sites. DeskPict works only on Macs with Color QuickDraw in ROM (Mac II
  and later machines). A slightly improved and less buggy version called
  DeskPicture is part of the payware Now Utilities.


 CAN I REPLACE THE "WELCOME TO MACINTOSH" BOX WITH A PICTURE?  (11.5)

       First you need an application capable of saving documents in
  Startup Screen format such as the freeware XLateGraf or the shareware
  GIFConverter.  Open the graphics file you want to turn into a startup
  screen and select Save As... from the File menu. Then select Startup
  Screen as the format to save into. Name the new document 
  "StartupScreen" (no space between Startup and Screen) and put it in 
  your System Folder.  The next time you boot you should see the happy Mac,
  followed by your picture.


 WHAT IS AUTODOUBLER?  (11.6)

       Salient Software's AutoDoubler is a transparent file compression
  utility that compresses most files on your hard disk and uncompresses
  them automatically when you open them so that your hard disk appears
  to be much larger than it really is. Ideally you won't know it's there
  once you've installed it. The net consensus seems to be that
  AutoDoubler is fast and safe. The only common, known conflicts are
  with GateKeeper Aid and with the Find File function in Microsoft Word
  5.0. Neither is crippling, but neither seems likely to be fixed in the
  near future. Gatekeeper Aid occasionally disallows Autodoubler's
  automatic expansion of files into RAM, forcing a substantially slower
  decompression onto disk. Word 5.0 is unable to search Autodoubled
  files.


 HOW DOES AUTODOUBLER COMPARE TO DISK DOUBLER? TO MORE DISK SPACE? 
 TO STUFFIT SPACESAVER?  (11.7)

       Disk Doubler, also from Salient Software, is a cross between
  AutoDoubler and Compact Pro. It can uncompress all AutoDoubler
  archives; (but so can AutoDoubler) and unlike AutoDoubler Disk Doubler
  compressed files aren't automatically uncompressed when copied to
  floppy or sent via modem. Like AutoDoubler DiskDoubler can
  automatically uncompress files when needed, but the decompression
  isn't nearly as transparent or fast as AutoDoubler's.

       More Disk Space is a competing product similar in functionality
  to AutoDoubler. In addition to transparent file compression More Disk
  Space can also make self-extracting and segmented archives for
  transmission via modem or floppy disk, and can compress applications
  in such a fashion that other Macs without More Disk Space can use
  them. Furthermore a freeware init is available to allow all Macs to to
  use files previously compressed by More Disk Space as transparently as
  if More Disk Space itself were installed. However some netters claim
  More Disk Space violates a certain programming edict from Apple which
  makes it likely to break under future versions of the System. Alysis
  denies this. Attempts to contact the appropriate people at Apple for
  the "official" word have so far been unsuccessful.

       Stuffit Spacesaver from Aladdin Systems and CompressExpress from
  Fluent also promise to be competing automatic compression utilities,
  but neither is shipping yet.


 IS THERE A JPEG VIEWER FOR THE MAC?  (11.8)

       Storm Technology's Picture Decompress shows JPEG's on all Macs
  with 32-bit QuickDraw. Aaron Giles' JPEGView previews JPEG files on
  System 7 Macs with QuickTime installed. PictPixie, a QuickTime
  development tool from Apple, also allows Macs with 32-bit QuickDraw
  and QuickTime to display JPEG's but requires enormous amounts of
  memory. All are free; the first two are available from the regular
  archive sites, the last from ftp.apple.com in /dts/mac/quicktime.
  JPEGView and PictPixie not only display JPEG's but can also convert
  them to Quicktime format.

       One more free product worthy of mention is Jeff Lewis's
  Imagery/JPEG which converts JPEG format files to GIF's albeit with
  some loss of resolution. They can then be viewed with any Gif viewer
  like QuickGif or GifConverter. 


 WHAT'S A GOOD TEXT EDITOR FOR THE MAC?  (11.9)

       Available shareware and freeware text editors include McSink,
  BBEdit, Edit II (with grep style searching), Alpha (particularly nice
  for use with TeX files), Stevie (for fans of vi), and microEmacs. The
  feature sets of these editors overlap somewhat but are not identical.
  Since all are available via anonymous FTP, there's no reason not to
  try them all and find the one you like best.


 WHERE DID MY ICONS GO?  (11.10)

       Your icons have passed on to a better place, but with a little
  magic it's normally possible to resurrect them. Several utilities
  including Norton Utilities for the Mac and the freeware drag-and-drop
  utility Save-A-BNDL should retrieve your icons. Rebuilding the desktop
  (Hold down the Command and option keys while starting up.) should also
  restore your icons.