HDTenEightyP/NetNews huggingface dataset:
From: ames!FNALD.FNAL.GOV!DROEGE
Subject: Inventions
Reply-To: ames!FNALD.FNAL.GOV!DROEGE
Organization: Sci.physics.fusion/Mail Gateway
Date: Fri, 10 Apr 1992 23:07:29 GMT

In reply to Jim Bowery's comment about inventions.  Good news, Jim, the 
rules have changed.  The Regan administration greatly changed the patent
rules.  Now it is worth getting patents even if you suck at the government
tit.  (sorry for being crude).

After a few patents in the early 60's I realized they were not worth the 
pain of having to read your attorneys claims.  So I took pains for many 
years to just put my ideas into the public domain through publication.

But now it is all different, if you patent something, even in DOE or NASA,
and the government is able to license it and collect royalties, you will get
a substantial portion of what they can collect.  

The only real problem left is that the average government bureaucrat has no
idea how to market your invention.  So you must do it yourself.  They also
have no idea how to "transfer" your "technology" so you must do it yourself.
But if you do set out to sell your invention, even if you do it on government
time, you will probably not be stopped.  At least if you are not to blatent.  

As my technology transfer representative told me "we would like nothing better
than to see our parking lot filled up with Porche's bought by inventors from
their royalties."

Another sign of the times.  Texas Instruments profit this year (if any) will
be from royalties from the Japanese.  So in the last year I have received one
patent and have four more in progress.

Tom Droege
From: ric@hpspdla.spd.HP.COM (Ric Peregrino)
Date: Mon, 13 Apr 1992 18:33:10 GMT
Subject: Re: masers from magnetrons
Organization: HP Stanford Park - Palo Alto, CA
Newsgroups: sci.physics


MASER is LASER with Microwave instead of Light.

I think Ammonia Gas was used in MASERs. Look up it's spectra
to see where it can provide gain. Magnetron might not be able
to tune enough so it better be close. 

A Magnetron puts out a lot of power anyway; amplifying with
a MASER might be more trouble than it's worth. I think MASERs
were originally used as low noise amplifiers for sensitive
receivers.

Of course I could be totally wrong,
Ric Peregrino
ric@spd.hp.com
From: jac@ds8.scri.fsu.edu (Jim Carr)
Newsgroups: sci.physics
Subject: SLC (was Re: terminal particle energy ...)
Date: 17 Apr 92 14:32:19 GMT
Reply-To: jac@ds8.scri.fsu.edu (Jim Carr)
Distribution: world,local
Organization: SCRI, Florida State University

In article <16APR199209312039@sscvx1.ssc.gov> sawyer@sscvx1.ssc.gov (Lee Sawyer) writes:
>
>Because of a lot of problems, funding being one of them, SLC has not been
>a major competitor for LEP; it has however shown us the way to go towards
>the next electron machine.

Surely you must know that they "screwed the pooch" with the design of SLC, 
mainly out of ignorance of the important role of non-linear beam optics 
effects on microbeams.  They relied on a simple beam-line design, and never 
talked to the experts in this field -- who happen to be from the low-energy 
nuclear and atomic physics community rather than particle physicists.  The 
old not-invented-here syndrome.  I am told that 'everyone' knew the bends 
should be kept in a single plane ....

Actually, it is near miraculous that they were able to get it to work after 
a year or so of beam tuning by hitting magnets with sledgehammers, but that 
was the year of running they needed to beat out LEP.  If they had used the 
money for excavation instead ...

--
J. A. Carr                                    |  "The New Frontier of which I  
jac@gw.scri.fsu.edu                           |  speak is not a set of promises
Florida State University  B-186               |  -- it is a set of challenges."
Supercomputer Computations Research Institute |   John F. Kennedy (15 July 60)
From: kil@pandora.cs.wayne.edu (Joseph I. Landman)
Newsgroups: sci.physics
Subject: Cluster Integrals
Date: 15 Apr 92 12:34:51 GMT
Article-I.D.: cs.1992Apr15.123451.17601
Followup-To: sci.physics
Organization: Wayne State University, Detroit

To see the definition of the cluster integrals, try Kerson Huangs book
on statistical Mechanics (2nd ed).

In chapter 10, he gives an algorithm for the construction of the cluster
integrals.  Eqns 10.15,10.16,10.17 are relevant (they are the first 3
cluster integrals, in symbolic form).  

Joe
From: sichase@csa2.lbl.gov (SCOTT I CHASE)
Newsgroups: sci.physics
Subject: FYI:  SSC progress report
Date: 13 Apr 92 18:11:19 GMT
Organization: Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory - Berkeley, CA, USA
Distribution: na
Reply-To: sichase@csa2.lbl.gov
NNTP-Posting-Host: 128.3.254.197
News-Software: VAX/VMS VNEWS 1.3-4   

Thought you might be interested in the following, from the LBL "Currents",
Friday, April 10, 1992:

SSC Moves Forward:
	A $14.4 million general contstruction contract has been awarded for the
construction of a 2.7 mile segment of the 54-mile underground tunnel that will
contain the Superconducting Super Collider particle accelerator, the world's
largest instrument for basic research into the fundamental nature of energy
and matter.  The contract went to a joint venture team of Traylor Bros., Inc.,
and Frontier Kemper Constructors, Inc., both of Evansville, Ind.  The team is
expected to complete the tunnel segment and shaft, which will be located six
miles west of Waxahachie, Texax, in December 1993.

-30-

Groundbreaking for the tunnel is a major construction (and political)
milestone, and I for one am pleased to see that it will happen soon.
The details of the tunnel structure have already been decided upon based 
upon some test drilling in the chalky rock in which the tunnel will be cut.
One interesting decision is to dig a 18-meter long, 2 meter wide (roughly)
vertical shaft into which to lower the 17-meter dipoles.  This is a funny
shape for a shaft, but there was no other easy way to get the magnets down into
the tunnel inexpensively.

-Scott
From: crb7q@kelvin.seas.Virginia.EDU (Cameron Randale Bass)
Newsgroups: sci.physics
Subject: Re: People against Supercollider???
Date: 11 Apr 92 00:41:56 GMT
Organization: University of Virginia

In article <10162@inews.intel.com> bhoughto@hopi.intel.com (Blair P. Houghton) writes:
>In article <1992Mar31.182325.10553@murdoch.acc.Virginia.EDU> crb7q@kelvin.seas.Virginia.EDU (Cameron Randale Bass) writes:
>>      Horseshit.  There is little justification for the SSC as
>>      a technological tool.  It will probably just make us more competitive
>
>How fast can it turn bismuth into gold?
>
>				--Blair
>				  "Inchworm, inchworm..."

    $10 billion is over a thousand tons of gold.  It had better be pretty
    fast ...

                                 dale bass


--
C. R. Bass                                           crb7q@virginia.edu
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
University of Virginia
Charlottesville, Virginia                            (804) 924-7926
From: weemba@libra.wistar.upenn.edu (Matthew P Wiener)
Newsgroups: sci.physics
Subject: Re: Hawking speaks out ...
Date: 8 Apr 92 19:35:47 GMT
Reply-To: weemba@libra.wistar.upenn.edu (Matthew P Wiener)
Distribution: world,local
Organization: The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology
In-reply-to: sawyer@sscvx1.ssc.gov (Lee Sawyer)

In article <8APR199214001279@sscvx1.ssc.gov>, sawyer@sscvx1 (Lee Sawyer) writes:
>  "Alive and well" somewhere, no doubt. However can you imagine the response
> if Leon Lederman or Phillip Anderson spoke on the presidential race ?
> He would be crucified by the media, if they paid any attention at all.
                                      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
You got it.  No one would notice.  Heck, if Carl Sagan spoke out, they
might notice, but crucifixion?  No, they'd play it for laughs.
-- 
-Matthew P Wiener (weemba@libra.wistar.upenn.edu)
From: parsons@sequent.com (Ron V. Parsons)
Subject: IR Permissivity of Glass
Organization: Sequent Computer Systems, Inc.
Distribution: usa
Date: Thu, 16 Apr 92 21:17:48 GMT

I want to put a standard IR motion detector behind common
window glass.  How much sensitivity will I lose?

The device is simply a $17 motion detecting light with a buzzer,
used to frighten deer away from our rose garden.
From: sichase@csa2.lbl.gov (SCOTT I CHASE)
Newsgroups: sci.physics
Subject: Re: People against Supercollider???
Date: 13 Apr 92 18:01:14 GMT
Reply-To: sichase@csa2.lbl.gov
Distribution: na
Organization: Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory - Berkeley, CA, USA
NNTP-Posting-Host: 128.3.254.197
News-Software: VAX/VMS VNEWS 1.3-4

In article <1992Apr11.004156.19471@murdoch.acc.Virginia.EDU>, crb7q@kelvin.seas.Virginia.EDU (Cameron Randale Bass) writes...
>
>>How fast can it turn bismuth into gold?
>>
> 
>    $10 billion is over a thousand tons of gold.  It had better be pretty
>    fast ...
> 

As a p-p collider, the SSC is poorly suited to this task.  (Note that the SSC
is not a p-pbar collider, as is often asserted.)  However, there will be a
small fixed-target program at much lower energy than 40 TeV in order to study 
p-nucleus interactions at the SSC.  In this configuration, it is possible in
principle to transmute lighter elements into gold.  However at these energies,
nuclei tend to get blasted apart by the incoming projectile.  You need a much
lower energy, say from a 100 MeV cyclotron, or the Bevalac, to have a
reasonable probability of the target nucleus absorbing the incoming proton
without ablating into nothingness.

-Scott
From: jac@ds8.scri.fsu.edu (Jim Carr)
Newsgroups: sci.physics
Subject: Re: SSC magnets - how?
Date: 7 Apr 92 17:31:18 GMT
Reply-To: jac@ds8.scri.fsu.edu (Jim Carr)
Organization: SCRI, Florida State University

In article <8400007@trsvax> pauls@trsvax.tandy.com writes:
>
>AnotherSSC question:
>
>1) How many magnets are used?
>2) In relative terms, how do they compare to other magnets in use today?
>3) What is MBTF of a magnet today (FermiLab)?
>4) How many 'up days' (up hours??) does the average collider have today?
>5) If a SSC magnet goes fubar, is the whole thing down?

I do not know the details, but the essence of the problem you are alluding 
to is that there are orders of magnitude more magnets in the SSC than at 
FNAL, and if the MTBF of the SSC systems (including power supplies and 
control systems) are the same as at FNAL -- well, it just will not work. 

This question was raised, complete with detailed numerical analysis, in 
a letter to Physics Today about a year or two ago.  The reply observed 
that this was not a new problem: if FNAL had the same systems as BNL, 
we never would have seen an experiment work at FNAL.  Engineering has 
to deal with fault tolerance and fault avoidance, and there is a major 
effort focused on just this problem.  It is a real concern, however, 
can cannot be dismissed by saying "they will solve it". 

(A good example from the excellent PBS show last night about computers: 
(the ENIAC would have stayed up for 5 seconds based on the MTBF of its 
(18000 vacuum tubes.  That it did real work was due to excellent engineering 
(and, I learned at lunch today, comparison of results from independent 
(redundant calculations a'la the Space Shuttle computer system. 

--
J. A. Carr                                    |  "The New Frontier of which I  
jac@gw.scri.fsu.edu                           |  speak is not a set of promises
Florida State University  B-186               |  -- it is a set of challenges."
Supercomputer Computations Research Institute |   John F. Kennedy (15 July 60)
Newsgroups: sci.physics
From: court@newton.physics.mun.ca (J. Lewis)
Subject: Re: Fusion reactor disasters --- impossible
Organization: Memorial University of Newfoundland
Distribution: na
Date: Mon, 6 Apr 1992 16:46:29 GMT


In <FRANL.92Apr3132432@draco.centerline.com> franl@centerline.com (Fran Litterio) asks
>Isn't liquid lithium forseen as the medium used to absorbe the
>neutrons speeding away from the fusion reaction?  The
>(themodynamically) hot lithium would heat pressurized water that would
>eventually drive steam turbines to make electricity.  Over time the
>lithium becomes radioactive and needs to be replaced.  Being a liquid
>would actually make it harder to manage the storage of waste over many
>decades (in general, liquids leak, evaporate, corrode containers, etc.
>more easilly than do solids).

	Lithium is a solid at room temperatures; its m.p. is 186 deg C.
Its vapour pressure is not high at room temperatures, and it is not a
"universal solvent" in the way that water is.  Metallic lithium is extremely
reactive with oxygen and many oxygen-containing compounds, so that if
long-term storage were necessary I would expect that it would be converted to
one of its extremely stable and insoluble compounds ("lithium" comes from the
Gk for "stone").
	But why would long-term storage be necessary?  The two radioactive
isotopes of lithium have halflives of less than 1 sec; storing "radioactive
lithium" for a DAY would leave zero activity, and the lithium could then be
distilled from any contaminants, or removed chemically.
	And would there be significant quantities of radioactive
contaminants?  I am not an expert on fusion, but my understanding is that
capture by lithium of the fairly energetic neutrons involved leads to the
breakup of its nuclei into tritium (a component of the fuel, which would be
outgassed from the hot liquid lithium) and He3 or He4, which are not
radioactive.  After the lithium isotopes, the next heavier nuclides that
are unstable with long halflives are Be10 (1.6E6 yr) and C14 (5730 yr), and
I am skeptical that these could be produced in significant quantities by
neutron irradiation of lithium.

John Lewis
Physics Department
Memorial University of Newfoundland

Newsgroups: sci.physics
From: kab@cbnewsh.cb.att.com (kenneth.a.becker)
Subject: Re: Voltage drop in Silicon diode
Organization: AT&T
Distribution: usa
Date: Fri, 10 Apr 1992 14:56:57 GMT
Summary: Yep, it DOES depend on those things!

In article <83708@bu.edu>, raju@bass.bu.edu (rajminder Singh) writes:
> Hi there! I am  taking a course in Solid State Physics but I still 
> haven't been able to answer the basic question of why the voltage drop
> in a Silicon p-n junction is around 0.7 Volts ? Does this vary significantly
> with the doping level ? What about the effect of temperature, current and
> the energy band gap (E) of the material used in the junction ?
> 
Well, YES! is the answer to all of the above!  And, if I had my
textbooks with me from 10 years ago, I'd through big, nasty looking
complicated theoretical equations at you untill you couldn't stand
it.  Basically, the diode drop depends heavily upon the energy band
gap of the material(s) used, and that is a quantum level measurement
of the amount of energy it takes to get an electron and/or "hole" 
out of the "base" level into the conduction band.  Now, throw in
all the fun and games you get with imperfections in the crystal
lattice, >>and<< the fact that both the base and conduction bands
are actually many "close together" bands, that the number of
defects in the lattice and the speed of the electrons (not to
mention some fun stuff like tunneling) depend upon temperature and
the equations really get hairy.  However, they do, to a first
order approximation, collapse to the good 'ol standard diode
equation.  And you know how off >>that<< can be in reverse bias,
breakdown, and when you're running any substantial current through
the thing.  (Spice users take note:  When was the last time a
data sheet manufacturer put in the values for >>all<< the
parameters that the Spice model calls for?  And the Spice model
itself is just an approximation!)
	Well, it's early April.  If you're taking a "back to the
basics" course in solid state, they're probably still chugging
along in the details.  I expect you'll hit the diode equation in
the next week or so.  Good luck!


			Ken Becker
From: long@next3 (Richard Long)
Newsgroups: sci.physics
Subject: Re:  Gallileo and falling bodies
Date: 6 Apr 92 17:58:55 GMT
Organization: University of Central Florida

In article <1992Apr1.220153.8855@morgan.ucs.mun.ca> court@newton.physics.mun.ca  
(J. Lewis) writes:
> It is worth consulting what Galileo himself wrote.  "Dialogues Concerning Two
                                                       ---------
> New Sciences" is perfectly readable, in translation;  in fact it sounds not
> unlike a tidied-up sci.physics flame war!  E.g.

> 
> John Lewis
> Physics Dept.
> Memorial University of Newfoundland
I knew that I spoke to soon!  It's Dialogues, not Discourses.  Anyway, I should  
have known that one of you crack physicists would already have keyboards ablaze  
with the original.

Richard Long: long@next1.acme.ucf.edu
Newsgroups: sci.physics,sci.skeptic
From: ronnie@cisco.com (Ronnie B. Kon)
Subject: Re: Some quotes
Organization: cisco Systems, Incorporated
Date: Thu, 16 Apr 1992 02:44:25 GMT

In article <1992Apr16.004905.7468@news.Hawaii.Edu>, vijay@wiliki.eng.hawaii.edu (Vijay Fafat) writes:

|> St. Augustin (in reply to "What was God doing before creation?) : He was busy
|> creating hell for people who ask such questions.

1.  I really don't believe that St. Augustine qualifies as a physicist.

2.  He never said this.  He believed that God created time along with the
universe--the question would be meaningless.  I'll go back and try to find
the reference if somebody else doesn't give it first.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ronnie B. Kon           |  "If you vote Republican, does that make you
ronnie@cisco.com        |   an accomplice to their crimes?"
(415) 688-4592          |                  -- Bongo, Life in Hell
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
From: jarlo@ifi.uio.no (Jarl Magne Michael stensen)
Newsgroups: sci.physics
Subject: testing, again
Date: 8 Apr 92 07:03:59 GMT
Article-I.D.: ifi.1992Apr8.070359.17281
Organization: Dept. of Informatics, University of Oslo, Norway
Originator: jarlo@kolsaas.ifi.uio.no


Testing..1,2,3..testing.

If someone has experience with two files called .Newsinit and .Newspath that
can cause garbage to XRN then please respond. I think I'm getting things to work
here now....

M&M
Newsgroups: sci.physics
Subject: <none>
From: rph@einstein.canterbury.ac.nz (Richard Hugtenburg)
Date: 15 Apr 92 17:52:37 +1200
Distribution: world
Organization: University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand

A few years ago, I read a topical article describing gravity as a consequence of the zero point energy fluctuations, perturbed by mass and the accelerating frame to produce the action-impulse that we see in matter. This was an idea originally proposed by Sakharov. I am currently looking at this and other aspects of the vacuum state and have plenty of material, but would also be interested in finding this particular article. It could of been in any of the popular journals, American or British, 1990 or earli




er.
Ideas? Suggestions? Reference?

--
Richard Hugtenburg
Physics Department, University of Canterbury.
From: keithm@inqmind.bison.mb.ca (keith murray)
Newsgroups: sci.physics
Subject: equipment
Date: Wed, 15 Apr 92 19:22:57 CDT
Organization: The Inquiring Mind  1 204 488-1607

I am looking for information that would enable me to either build or 
convert existing equipment the following three things:  
        i)  a kvolt dc power supply
        ii) a high strength electromagnet (d=1cm)
        iii) a table top wind tunnel, 225 cm2 cross-section.
I would like to keep cost at minimum and safety at a maximum.  Any 
thoughts?

keithm@inqmind.bison.mb.ca
The Inquiring Mind BBS, Winnipeg, Manitoba  204 488-1607
From: DOCTORJ@SLACVM.SLAC.STANFORD.EDU (Jon J Thaler)
Newsgroups: sci.physics
Subject: Re: Right handed neutrino
Date: 7 Apr 92 18:07:28 GMT
Organization: Stanford Linear Accelerator Center

sichase@csa1.lbl.gov (SCOTT I CHASE) says:

> vijay@wiliki.eng.hawaii.edu (Vijay Fafat) writes...

>> I had read long back in one of the Asimovs that only a left handed neutrino
>> exists in Nature. Recently, I also read that if the neutrino has a non-zero
>> mass, then a right-handed neutrino HAS to exist and would be very heavy. Now
>> I have one question : Suppose the neutrino HAS a non-zero mass and Suppose I
>> see a left-handed neutrino going.I decide to overtake it (this is possible
>> in principle since the neutrino would be moving slower than light if it has
>> a non-zero mass). As I over   (... some text was garbled here...)>
>> handed neutrino (Visualize its "screwing" motion w.r.t. the spin direction)
>> However, I would measure its rest mass to be the same as before i.e. that of
>> a left handed neutrino. So do I get a LIGHT right-handed neutrino? Where am
>> I going wrong?

> Yes, you get a light right-handed neutrino.  As you pointed out, chirality is
> not Lorentz invariant for massive particles.  I don't know about this "heavy
> right-handed neutrino" business.  Perhaps someone else knows what is refered
> to here.

Perhaps he is thinking of the proposed "push-pull" mechanism, in which the
neutrinos we know and love get a small mass by a dynamical method which
requires the existence of a heavy partner.  This is a relatively new idea,
though (5 years or so), so it wouldn't have been in an old Asimov book.
From: dbell@cup.portal.com (David J Bell)
Newsgroups: sci.physics
Subject: Re: Xeroxing mirrors
Date: Mon, 13 Apr 92 09:36:15 PDT
Organization: The Portal System (TM)
Distribution: na


>Can somebody explain this to me??
>
>I tried to Xerox a flat mirror. The paper came out pitch black.

>Well??

Makes sense...   If you think about the geometry of the
illumination and imaging systems in the copier, you'll
realize that the light source and imageing lens/drum
cannot be on the same path. The original is lighted from
the side(s), while the lens is carried along perpendicularly
to the paper's surface:

                 Original
            =======================
      Lamp   \*__ 
                     <==>  Lens

                      --
                     (__)  Photo-sensitive drum



What the imaging system would "see" would be a reflection of
its own reflected or emitted light, NOT the light from the
lamp. Those parts are carefully designed not to reflect any
significant amount of light onto the original or carrier plate.
If they did, a shiny original, or even worse, the glass carrier,
would always cast a reflection on the image...


Dave
From: john@aquarius.unm.edu (John Prentice)
Newsgroups: sci.physics
Subject: Address for Gordon conferences needed
Date: 15 Apr 92 00:46:31 GMT
Organization: Dept. of Physics & Astro, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque
Originator: john@aquarius.unm.edu

I would much appreciate it if someone could send me the address for the
Gordon conferences.  Please e-mail it.  Many thanks.

John
-- 
John K. Prentice                      
Quetzal Computational Associates    
3200 Carlisle N.E., Albuquerque, NM   87104-3210; 505-889-4541
john@aquarius.unm.edu
From: dheisler@CERIS.Purdue.EDU (Dave Heisler)
Newsgroups: sci.physics
Subject: Re: Why it is either religion OR science NOT!
Date: 15 Apr 92 18:11:53 GMT
Distribution: sci.physics
Organization: Center for Environmental and Regulatory Information Systems, Purdue University

From article <SRCTRAN.92Apr15095001@world.std.com>, by srctran@world.std.com (Gregory Aharonian):
> 
>     A recent article in the New York Time reminded me why religion and
> science have little in common and are not very compatible.

 i disagree, western science and western religion are the same,
 they have similar philosophy, one chose "God", the other "top
 quark". Pursuit of the same ideas (knowledge), in similar
 fashion (binary convention).
 
dave
Newsgroups: sci.physics
From: tonya@casbah.acns.nwu.edu (Tonya Hill)
Subject: soliton publishings etc.
Organization: Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
Date: Mon, 6 Apr 1992 22:29:44 GMT


I would like to know if someone could direct me to research articles posted
on the internet regaarding one or more of the following:

- Intermediate Frequency Amplifier Circuits
- Local Oscillator Circuits
- Mixer Circuits
- Soliton Compression

Thanx very much (in advance)

Please send messages to:
Xref: sparky sci.physics:6697 alt.sci.physics.new-theories:1238