Newsgroups: sci.physics.fusion
Subject: Sonoluminescence References
From: jonesse@physc1.byu.edu
Date: 18 Dec 92 11:14:10 -0700
Distribution: world
Organization: Brigham Young University


Chuck Sites asks by e-mail for recommended reading on sonoluminescence (SL).
Here are some references, posted in case others are also interested. 

D.F. Gaitan, L.A. Crum, C.C. Church, R.A. Roy, "Sonoluminescence and bubble
dynamics for a single, stable, cavitation bubble," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 91(6):
3166 (June 1992)
  "High-amplitude radial pulsations of a single gas bubble in several 
glycerine and water mixtures have been observed in an acoustic stationary wave
system at acoustic pressure amplitudes on the order of 150 kPa (1.5 atm) at
21-25 kHz.  Sonoluminescence (SL), aphenomenon generally attributed to the
high temperatures generated during the collapse of cavitation bubbles, was
observed as short light pulses occurring once every acoustic period." 
   "Despite the extensive amount of research done on both acoustic cavitation
and SL, many important questions relating to the nature and dynamics of these
phenomena remain unanswered."

R. Hiller, S.J. Putterman, B.P. Barber, "Spectrum of Synchronous Picosecond
SL", Physical Rev. Letters, 69:1182 (24 Aug. 1992)
"For an air bubble trapped in filtered, distilled, degassed water we also find
... the intensity of SL increases by over a factor of 10 and becomes more
heavily skewed towards the UV when the water is cooled below 10 C."  
(Note that Terry Bollinger made remarks along these lines recently.)

B.P. Barber, S.J. Putterman, "Observation of synchronous picosecond SL",
Nature, 352:318, 25 July 1991.
"The phenomenon of SL involves an extraordinary degree of energy focusing.
... [from sound to light energy,] this phenomenon involves a focusing or
amplification of about eleven orders of magnitude.  The size of the spontaneous
energy concentration that characterizes SL is so large that one must wonder
about the limits of amplification that can be achieved with this type of non-
equilibrium phenomenon."

Note the emphasis on "non-equilibrium" conditions, which we claimed in Nature
April 1989 was critical also for neutron emissions observed in electrolysis
in D2O.  This paper stimulated our search for possible d-d fusion during SL.
Our search accelerated in Sept.-Oct. 1992 when BYU graduate
student Jeannette Lawler chose as her Ph.D. thesis project to look for fusion
associated with SL in D2O (also H2O+D2O, etc.).  Experiments involving our
sensitive neutron detector (later, NaI detector) and D2O in a radially-
polarized, spherical piezoelectric drive should begin in a few weeks.  I
reported on our efforts to look for "sonofusion" at the Nagoya meeting in Oct.,
as mentioned in D. Morrison's conference review on this net some 3 weeks ago.

B.P. Barber, R. Hiller, K. Arisaka, H. Fetterman, S. Putterman, "Resolving the
picosecond characteristics of synchronous SL", J. Acoust. Soc. Am 91:3061,
May 1992.
"The flash widths are now found to be considerably less than 50 ps and the
jitter in the time between flashes can also be substantially less than 50 ps."
"Since the photons must originate from a region of molecular dimensions and
since photon energies are measured in eV wheras sound energies are measured
in ergs/cc, SL involves a spontaneous amplification that spans 12 orders of
magnitude."
Notice how calm these gentlemen are when describing something so exciting.

L.A. Crum, S. Putterman, "Sonoluminescence", AIP Physics News of 1991, p. 1.
"As the phenomenon may be too fast for the establishment of local thermal
equilibrium we may be facing a situation in which focused acoustic stress
fields are converted directly into quantum excitations."

Happy reading,
Steven E. Jones

Newsgroups: sci.physics.fusion