Newsgroups: bit.listserv.hellas
Date:         Wed, 18 Nov 1992 00:36:00 PST
Reply-To:     Russ Linos <cvadsbfa@CSUPOMONA.EDU>
From:         Russ Linos <cvadsbfa@CSUPOMONA.EDU>
Subject:      NEA 11/16/92
Comments: To: hellas <hellas@uga.bitnet>

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11/16 1601  MONDAY'S EUROPEAN FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATES
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NEW YORK (NOV. 16) UPI -
                       U.S.Dollar       currency
                       Equivalent    per U.S.Dollar
                       Mon     Fri     Mon     Fri
  Austria schill      .0893   .0907 11.1974 11.0225
  Belgium franc-c     .0306   .0311   32.63   32.19
  Britain pound      1.5240  1.5535   .6562   .6437
  Denmark krne        .1639   .1662  6.1013  6.0180
  Finlnd mrkka        .1971   .2013  5.0740  4.9680
  France franc        .1862   .1890  5.3715  5.2920
  Greece drach      .004847 .004914  206.30  203.50
  Hollnd guildr       .5580   .5666  1.7920  1.7650
  Ireland punt       1.6712  1.6940  0.5984  0.5903
  Italy lira        .000736 .000746 1358.00 1341.00
  Norway krne         .1565   .1565  6.4743  6.3890
  Portugl escud     .007087 .007181  141.10  139.25
  Spain peseta      .008764 .008905  114.10  112.30
  Sweden krona        .1668   .1693  5.9941  5.9080
  Switzrl franc       .6952   .7070  1.4385  1.4145
  Turkey lira       .000125 .000126 7985.05 7931.03
  Germany mark        .6275   .6373  1.5935  1.5690
  Yugosl dinar      .005000 .005000  200.00  200.00



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RTw  11/16 1437  ISLAMIC STATES CALL SECURITY COUNCIL INEFFECTIVE ...
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ISLAMIC STATES CALL SECURITY COUNCIL INEFFECTIVE ON YUGOSLAVIA
    By Evelyn Leopold
    UNITED NATIONS, Nov 16, Reuter - As the Security Council introduced a
resolution on Monday to plug loopholes in sanctions against Yugoslavia, Islamic
states accused the 15-member body of ineffectiveness for failing to stop the war
in Bosnia and refusing to lift its arms embargo for Moslems.
    The council began a major debate on Friday, which continued on Monday, on
the war in Bosnia-Herzegovina with big powers concentrating on tightening
sanctions.
    But Islamic states, such as Iran, Pakistan and Jordan, unsuccessfully argued
for weapons sales, embargoed to all former Yugoslav territories, to be allowed
for Bosnian Moslems so they could defend themselves against heavily-armed Serbs
if the U.N. continued to rule out military intervention.
    Iran told the council that "history is full of instances (where) all options
are wrong" but one had to choose the lesser of two evils.
    Arguing for the right of Moslems to buy arms, ambassador Kamal Kharrazi
quoted from letters of French philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre saying purity was a
luxury for monks.
    "The Security Council is neither effective nor is it a monk," he added.
    Iran was caught in September attempting to smuggle weapons into Bosnia
together with relief supplies.
    The resolution, expected to be adopted either late on Monday or on Tuesday,
includes an Austrian proposal that Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali
"study the possibility" of creating safe havens for civilians in Bosnia.
    But it is not clear whether such zones will be set up formally. U.N.
officials have expressed scepticism that protected areas are feasible without
thousands of additional troops or if they would evolve automatically as new
peace-keepers came to Bosnia.
    The main thrust of the resolution, drawn up by the United States, Britain,
Russia, France and Belgium, imposes a naval embargo on the Adriatic Sea and the
Danube River, which would allow states to stop and search ships and fire across
their bows if they refuse.
    The resolution tightens up sanctions procedures on shipping goods across
Serbia and Montenegro, the only two republics left in the Yugoslav federation.
    Shipments of oil, petroleum products, coal, energy-related equipment, iron,
steel, other metal, chemicals, rubber tyres, cars, aircraft and motors cannot
transit Yugoslavia without the council's sanctions committee being notified.
    The United States has presented a detailed report of oil flowing to
Yugoslavia, naming shipping companies or flagships from Greece, Malta, Italy,
and Egypt violating the embargo.
    Sanctions were imposed on May 31 to punish Belgrade for fomenting war in
Bosnia, where over 14,000 people have died.
    European nations and Canada are sending thousands of infantry troops and
other peace-keepers to Bosnia this month to escort humanitarian supplies.
    Lord Owen, co-chairman of the Geneva Conference on Yugoslavia, warned on
Friday that it was necessary to keep the threat of force alive, even as a last
option.
    He told a news conference he "strongly believed" it would be dangerous to do
otherwise. He said U.N. officials were able to negotiate a no-fly zone over
Bosnia precisely because Serbs knew that U.S. President George Bush was prepared
to enforce it.

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RTw 11/16 0847 EC UNEMPLOYMENT SLIGHTLY UP IN SEPTEMBER
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    BRUSSELS, Nov 16, Reuter - The number of unemployed in the European
Community rose slightly to 9.6 per cent in September, the EC statistics office
Eurostat said on Monday.
    Eurostat's monthly bulletin said September seasonally adjusted figures
showed unemployment up 0.1 per cent over the previous month and 0.1 per cent up
over September 1991.
    It said that while the rise in unemployment had slowed down in most member
states over the summer there was no let up in Britain, while Luxembourg and
Ireland also saw marked increases in their unemployment rates.
    The number of men over 25 out of work continued to increase while rates for
other categories of people remained stable.
    Following are seasonally adjusted national percentage rates of unemployment
(September figures were not yet available for Greece and the Netherlands).

            September   August   September 1991
 Belgium       8.3       8.3         7.6
 Denmark       9.7       9.6         9.2
 Germany       4.8       4.7         4.3
 Spain        17.3      17.1        16.6
 France       10.1      10.0         9.7
 Ireland      18.3      18.1        16.7
 Italy        10.6      10.6        10.3
 Luxembourg    2.1       2.0         1.7
 Portugal      4.5       4.6         4.1
 Britain      11.0      11.0         9.7


*H Ellada exei peripou 6.6 (kata meso oro)


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11/14 1042  U.S. SAYS SHIPS FROM GREECE, ITALY, EGYPT VIOLATE ...
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UNITED NATIONS (NOV. 13) UPI - The United States accused merchant ships from
Greece and Italy Friday of providing petroleum to the Yugoslav rump states of
Serbia and Montenegro, a move that would violate a U.N.- imposed oil embargo.
   "The United States has reason to believe that tankers managed by Thita
Tankers Company of Piraues, Greece, have delivered petroleum products to the
port of Bar, Montenegro, on at least two occasions since the embargo was imposed
last June," said U.S. Ambassador Edward Perkins.
   Perkins urged the Security Council to take measures to cut off support for
the "aggressors inside Bosnia."
   While the ambassador said he believed Security Council resolutions would be
sufficient to contain the shipments to the republics, he said the United States
was determined to do whatever necessary if the currently proposed measures fail.
   Flying a Maltese flag, the Thita tanker is alleged to have delivered some
200,000 barrels of petroleum. Perkins said there may be another Thita tanker en
route with more petroleum for the war-torn Balkan region.
   The Greek-owned Thita Volcano also made several trips to the Montenegrin port
delivering caustic soda, a petroleum refining product. Another Maltese flagged,
Italian-owned cargo vessel has been chartered to deliver 8,000 tons of petroleum
coke to Bar in November, Perkins charged.
   Egyptian ships belonging to the Heliopolis Shipping and Navigation Company
have delivered wood and other products to Bar regularly since the sanctions were
imposed, he said.
   In Athens, Greece, the foreign ministry on Friday ordered an investigation of
the reported violations by the Greek tanker.
   The ministry said in a statement that it will probe new reports that said oil
originating in Greece had been entering the rump Yugoslav federation through
Bulgaria and possibly also Romania, and that at least one Greek tanker unloaded
a cargo of oil at Bar.
   The ministry said the Greek government "categorically reiterates" it was
strictly adhering to the trade embargo imposed on the Serbia- Montenegro
federation on May 30.

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11/13 1400  GREECE ORDERS INQUIRY INTO VIOLATIONS OF SANCTIONS ...
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ATHENS, GREECE (NOV. 13) UPI - Greece has ordered an inquiry into a report  that
a Greek oil tanker recently violated U.N. sanctions against Serbia and
Montenegro, a Foreign Ministry statement said Friday.
   The statement followed a report from New York that oil from Greece has been
entering Serbia and Montenegro despite U.N. economic sanctions against the two
states because of their support for ethnic Serbian attacks on Muslims in
Bosnia-Herzegovina.
   The reports said oil originating in Greece had been entering the rump
Yugoslav federation through Bulgaria and possibly also Romania, and that at
least one Greek tanker unloaded a cargo of oil at the port of Bar in Montenegro.
   The Foreign Ministry in Athens said it has ordered an inquiry into the
reported violations of U.N. sactions, but added that the Greek government
"categorically reiterates" it was strictly adhering to the trade embargo.
   The Foreign Ministry announcement came as Prime Minister Constantine
Mitsotakis expressed disappointment that the former Yugoslav republic of
Macedonia had rejected a Greek initiative for a four-nation pact to guarantee
Macedonia's borders.
   Under the plan, Greece, Serbia, Bulgaria, and Albania, all of which are
neighbors of Macedonia, would guarantee the borders of the former Yugoslav
state.
   Greek Foreign Minister Michalis Papaconstantinou told reporters the three
other Balkan states had accepted the proposal, but Skopje rejected it.
   Macedonian President Kiro Gligorov reportedly responded to the proposal by
saying his republic was "not a protectorate."
   Athens has been blocking European Community recognition of Macedonia, arguing
that the use of the name "Macedonia" by the republic indicated that it harbored
claims on Greek soil. Greece has a province of the same name.

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11/13 1125  AMNESTY INT'L REPORT EMBARASSES BRITISH POSITION ...
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BRUSSELS (NOV. 13) IPS - Two days after the European Community (EC) and  Turkey
met to strengthen relations between them, Amnesty International has  issued a
strongly worded condemnation of human rights violations by the Ankara
government.
   The organisation says that despite the Turkish government's promises to
improve the human rights situation in the country, there has been an
unprecedented number of political murders and numerous incidents of torture.
   The report is likely to embarrass the British government, which on Monday
reiterated support for Turkey's membership of the EC. Britain, present holder of
the rotating EC presidency, has long-standing economic ties with Turkey.
   Today, at the 33rd meeting of the EC-Turkey Association in Brussels, the
Turkish delegation expressed "sincere appreciation to the earnest efforts of the
United Kingdom Presidency to improve Turkey-EC relations" during the Lisbon EC
summit, last June.
   British Foreign Minister Douglas Hurd, who chaired the meeting, replied that
in the current political situation in Europe, Turkey's role was of the greatest
importance. "It is in the interests of the Community and its Member States to
develop a relationship with Turkey which reflects this and build Turkey into our
thinking about the construction of Europe."
   Turkey applied to join the EC in 1987 and has criticised the EC for
prevaricating. Some in Ankara accuse Brussels of anti-Islamic sentiment; Greece,
hostile over the issue of Turkish occupied Cyprus, is strongly opposed. In any
case, the EC told Turkey in 1989 that it would have to wait for full membership.
   But today, the EC Presidency reiterated its "determination to develop our
increasingly close relationship" and proposed to hold an increased series of
meetings to this end.
   An EC communique said, however, that such "dialogue will be conducted bearing
in mind our common attachment to democracy, respect of human rights and
international law..."
   The figures perhaps speak louder than such concerns: in 1991, Turkey's
exports to the Community reached $7.87 billion while EC exports to Turkey
reached $10.4 billion.
   The percentage rise from 1987 to 1991 was greater in Turkey's case, but the
EC still has a trade surplus with Ankara of $2.7 billion.


+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Triavtafullos Livos
Dept. of International Management
California Polytechnic University
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