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Subject:      RFE/RL Daily Report 05 JAN, 1993

The RFE/RL Daily Report is a digest of the latest developments
in Russia, Transcaucasia and Central Asia, and Central and
Eastern Europe. It is published Monday through Friday (except
German holidays) by the RFE/RL Research Institute (a division of
Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, Inc.). Copyright 1993 RFE/RL,
Inc.


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                     RFE/RL Daily Report

                                   No. 2, 5 January 1993

                           Russia

Yeltsin and Clinton Discuss START-2. Russian President Boris
Yeltsin called U.S. President-elect Bill Clinton on 4 January, and
the START-2 treaty signed the previous day apparently was the main
subject of their 20 minute discussion. Interfax reported that
Clinton spoke highly of the treaty, describing it as an historic
event of the 20th century. UPI quoted Clinton spokesman George
Stephanopoulos as saying that Clinton pledged to work for the
early ratification of the new treaty and agreed with Yeltsin that
their representatives should soon begin discussions on ways to
further the cause of nuclear arms reduction.  Doug Clarke, RFE/RL
Inc.

Kozyrev Compares START-2 Talks to Chess Match. Russian Foreign
Minister Andrei Kozyrev said that Russian and American experts
negotiating the START-2 treaty required "psychological
restructuring" to get rid of some old stereotypes. As quoted by
Interfax, he likened them to chess players. "For the experts, the
knight suddenly began to move as the bishop does," he said. He
pointed to the "unprecedented" American agreement to allow Russia
to keep some of their SS-18 missiles silos. He explained that "for
the Americans everything connected with the SS-18 missiles
symbolized the Soviet military threat. That was fear bordering on
schizophrenia." Doug Clarke, RFE/RL, Inc.

Doubts in Russian Parliament About START-2. Yevgenii Kozhokin,
chairman of the subcommittee on international security and
intelligence in the Russian parliament, told an RFE/RL
correspondent in Moscow on 4 January that START-2 had been signed
without considering all the financial, economic, ecological and
technical complications that could result from the treaty's
implementation. Kozhokin predicted that parliamentary ratification
would be difficult.  Hal Kosiba, RFE/RL Inc.

Russian-United Arab Emirates Security Agreement Signed. After
signing a security agreement with high-level United Arab Emirates
(UAE) officials, Russian Defense Minister Pavel Grachev cut short
his visit to the UAE on 4 January because of the death of his
father, but the Russian military delegation he headed is
continuing its mission. According to ITAR-TASS on 4 January,
before he left, Grachev said that Russia intended to contribute to
ensuring peace and stability in the region by supporting good
neighborly and friendly relations with all the countries there.
According to an RFE/RL correspondent in Moscow on 4 January,
Russia will deliver air-defense systems, warplanes, and other
military equipment to the UAE as part of the agreement signed by
Grachev during his visit. The agreement also welcomes the presence
of the Russian Navy in the Persian Gulf, and it envisions regular
consultations between UAE and Russian officials on regional
security issues. Grachev told reporters that the Persian Gulf
region was vital to Russian interests, and that Russia would play
a role "suitable to a great power" there, according to ITAR-TASS
on 4 January. The delegation, now headed by Col. General Viktor
Prudnikov, the Commander-in-Chief of Russian Air Defense Forces,
flies to Kuwait on 5 January.  Doug Clarke & Hal Kosiba, RFE/RL
Inc.

Khasbulatov Tours Middle East. Parliamentary speaker Ruslan
Khasbulatov is leading a high-level official delegation on a trip
to Jordan, Israel, and Egypt to promote Moscow's role in the
Middle East. ITAR-TASS on 3 January quoted Khasbulatov's press
secretary Konstantin Zlobin as saying that Russia should not let
itself be overshadowed in the Mideast peace talks by the United
States. Khasbulatov stated that his aim is to improve Russian-Arab
parliamentary ties. In Israel, he praised the signing of START II,
calling it a "breakthrough" which will not harm Russian interests.
Alexander Rahr, RFE/RL Inc.

Russian Mini-Census in 1994. On 22 December, the Russian
parliament noted the deterioration of the demographic situation in
the country, ITAR-TASS reported. In this connection, the
parliament adopted a decision "On urgent measures for the study of
the population and demographic prospects of the Russian
Federation." To obtain an objective assessment of the demographic
situation, a micro-census will be held at the beginning of 1994;
preparations for this will begin in 1993. The next full
all-Russian census will be held in 1999. Keith Bush, RFE/RL Inc.

Transcaucasia & Central Asia

Iran, Azerbaijan to Expand Trade Ties, Cooperation. Azerbaijan is
set to become Iran's most important trading partners among the
successor states to the USSR, Azerbaijan Secretary of State Panakh
Guseinov told a news conference in Baku on 4 January following his
visit in late December to Teheran, where he signed a series of
bilateral trade, economic, scientific and cultural protocols.
Interfax quoted Guseinov as stating that Azerbaijani and Iranian
specialists will meet next week to discuss plans for the
construction of a railway through Iranian territory linking
Azerbaijan with Nakhichevan in order to circumvent the Armenian
blockade. Iran began supplying food and electricity to Nakhichevan
last October.  Liz Fuller, RFE/RL Inc.

Central Asian Leaders Discuss Regional Cooperation. The
presidents, prime ministers and economic and cultural ministers of
the five Central Asian states met in Tashkent on 3 and 4 January
to discuss coordination of regional economic and financial policy,
Russian and Western news agencies reported. The participants
agreed to create a mechanism for ensuring that agreements between
the states are carried out, a goal that was proclaimed at similar
summits in 1992 but was never put into practice. At a press
conference after the summit, Uzbekistan's President Islam Karimov
spoke in favor of the CIS and the ruble zone, but said that this
did not exclude the creation of a "Central Asian Common Market"
with unified customs, pricing and export policies.  Bess Brown,
RFE/RL Inc.

Practical Results of Tashkent Summit. Among practical measures to
be taken as a result of decisions at the Tashkent Summit of
Central Asian leaders is the exchange of ambassadors by the
Central Asian states, Interfax reported on 4 January. As a step
toward establishing a common information region, the Tashkent TV
and Radio Center will be used as a base for transmissions to all
of Central Asia. Publication of a regional newspaper will be
started as well, also apparently in Tashkent. The Interfax report
did not indicate in what language the common information media
would function, nor was there any indication of how the great
variation in information policies in the Central Asian countries
would be handled: Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan exercise tight state
control, while Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan permit a wide range of
opinions to be aired.  Bess Brown, RFE/RL Inc.

Kazakhstan Is Also Part of Central Asia. At the press conference
at the end of the Tashkent Summit on 4 January, the leaders of the
five Central Asian states asked that the term "Central Asia"
should be understood to apply to all five countries, Interfax
reported. They asked that the clumsy designation "republics of
Central Asia and Kazakhstan," a relic of the Soviet era, be
dropped. Kazakhstan's President Nursultan Nazarbaev proposed that
the five states adopt as a common symbol a plane tree--an
important image in the folklore of the Central Asian peoples--with
a single root and five branches.  Bess Brown, RFE/RL Inc.

Shevardnadze Calls for UN Peacekeepers for Abkhazia. In an appeal
to UN Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali made public on 4
January and summarized by ITAR-TASS, Georgian parliament chairman
Eduard Shevardnadze calls for the immediate dispatch of UN
peacekeeping forces to Abkhazia. In an earlier appeal in
mid-November, Shevardnadze accused the UN Security Council of
having failed to take any concrete steps to end the fighting in
Abkhazia following the return of its fact-finding mission from the
region in October. Liz Fuller, RFE/RL, Inc.

                 Central and Eastern Europe

Bosnia Peace Process in Recess. Radios Serbia and Croatia and
international media reported on 4 January that the UN-EC mediated
negotiations among the political and military leaders of Bosnian
Muslims, Serbs, and Croats and with the participation of the rump
Yugoslav and Croatian presidents recessed for Orthodox Christmas.
They are expected to resume next week. Conference cochairmen Cyrus
Vance and Lord Owen said that the three-day Geneva negotiations
were not in vain but that much more remains to be done. The talks
were suspended one day early after Serb leader Radovan Karadzic
and Bosnian President Alija Izetbegovic refused to sign UN-EC
proposals calling for an unconditional cease-fire, a new
constitution, and a map for the reorganization of the republic.
Karadzic said he needs time to consult with the parliament of the
self-proclaimed "Serb Republic in Bosnia" on details of the plan.
Mediators said that the major obstacle to a Bosnian peace
agreement is the Serbs' insistence on a separate Serb state within
Bosnia-Herzegovina, an idea the Muslim-dominated Bosnian
government opposes. Izetbegovic objects to some of the province
boundaries on the map and said his side is not ready to agree to a
cease-fire until changes are made. Bosnian Croat leader Mate Boban
signed the entire package of proposals.  Milan Andrejevich ,
RFE/RL Inc.

Serbian General Says Military Intervention Would Escalate War. On
30 December Col. Gen. Zivota Panic, commander of the General Staff
of the Yugoslav Armed Forces, told reporters that if foreign
military intervention in the Balkans does take place, war would
very likely spread. He said the West ignores the fact that Serbs
and Montenegrins are prepared to defend "their fatherland" and
that they will not allow the Serbs in Bosnia and Croatia to become
victims "of genocide and extermination." Panic noted there is no
reason to use the federal army either in Serbia's predominantly
ethnic Albanian province of Kosovo or in the Muslim-populated
region of the Sandzak. He expressed his belief that armed
conflicts would not take place in these regions because "our
people are deeply aware of the possible consequences of armed
interethnic conflicts." Politika carried the report. Milan
Andrejevich, RFE/RL Inc.

Political Crisis in Slovenia. One month after Slovenia's first
general elections since gaining independence in 1991, the main
political parties remain sharply divided on how to form a
coalition government. New elections as early as March might be
called if no agreement is reached within a week. Prime Minister
Janez Drnovsek, head of the Liberal Democrats, and former Prime
Minister Lojze Peterle, the Christian Democrat leader, are
accusing each other of power-grabbing and political back-stabbing.
At issue are 15 cabinet posts in Drnovsek's new government. No
party enjoys a simple majority, and the three largest groups--the
Liberal Democrats, the Christian Democrats, and the Unity List (a
coalition of left-wing parties headed by the former
communists)--are the most likely coalition partners. President
Milan Kucan has asked that negotiations resume 7 January.  Milan
Andrejevich, RFE/RL Inc.

Greece Resigned to Recognition of Macedonia? Having failed to gain
diplomatic recognition from the European Community and the US, the
Republic of Macedonia has turned to the UN seeking admission.
According to an article published in the Greek newspaper,
Kiriakatiki Elevtherotipia, on 3 January, at least some Greek
diplomats seem to expect Macedonia's admission to that
international body. They fear the US will at best abstain when the
issue comes to a vote in the Security Council.  Duncan Perry,
RFE/RL Inc.

Greece Opposes Military Intervention in Bosnia. AFP reports that
Greek Foreign Minister Virginia Tsouderou met with the Albanian,
Bulgarian, and Romanian ambassadors in Athens on 31 December. The
object was to create a consensus against outside military
intervention in the former Yugoslavia, including intervention by
Balkan countries. The move came as the US, France, and Great
Britain contemplate intervention in Bosnia to halt the war there.
Duncan Perry, RFE/RL Inc.

Meciar "Mistrusts" Hungary. At a meeting with officials of the new
Slovak Ministry of Defense on 4 January, Slovak Prime Minister
Vladimir Meciar outlined the "three major problems that have
caused concern in Slovakia." He said that the continuous
discussion in political circles in Hungary about the Trianon
treaties, the controversy over the hydroelectric plant at
Gabcikovo, and Hungary's acquisition of $800 million worth of
military parts from Russia are significant challenges to Slovakia.
"No army needs such quantities," Meciar pointed out, but at the
same time he said that he has been assured by officials that
Hungary will "under no circumstances use military force against
Slovakia." The prime minister also said that Slovakia will soon
have to decide whether it wants to become neutral, join NATO, or
become member of a potential new Central European security
structure. Meciar added that neutrality could create more problems
than it might solve.  Jan Obrman, RFE/RL Inc.

Czech, Slovak Republics Apply for UN Membership. The two successor
states to Czechoslovakia formally applied for UN membership on 4
January, agencies report. A senior UN official confirmed that the
applications were sent to Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali.
He also said that both republics are likely to be admitted by
acclamation by mid-January. The admission of the Czech Republic
and Slovakia will bring the number of UN members to 180.  Jan
Obrman, RFE/RL Inc.

Polish Miners Return to Work. All but one of Poland's 65 coal
mines had returned to work by the morning of 5 January, PAP
reports. Striking miners heeded the Solidarity strike committee's
recommendation to suspend the strikes but maintain "strike
readiness." The miners' return to work signifies acceptance of the
agreement reached between the strike committee and the government
on 31 December. The agreement allows for limited wage hikes as
soon as the government's restructuring program takes effect, but
the size of any raises was made dependent on the financial
condition of individual mines. The government refused to fund
wages from the state budget, but pledged over two trillion zloty
($144 million) for mining investments. An official ban on the
export of coal imposed during the strike was set to be lifted as
soon as the strike ended. Welcoming the strike's conclusion, a
government spokesman on 4 January called the agreement a "joint
success": the miners had gained recognition for some demands while
the government had secured acceptance for its plan to restructure
Polish mining. Louisa Vinton, RFE/RL Inc.

Investigation of Hungarian TV President Completed. MTI reports
that Justice Minister Istvan Balsai, the government-appointed
commissioner investigating charges brought against suspended TV
President Elemer Hankiss, completed his work on 31 December.
Balsai issued a report on 4 January stating that the government's
grounds for suspending Hankiss were justified because the
state-owned television used state funds to finance independent
business ventures. Hankiss, as head of the institution, had
ultimate responsibility for resource allocation. The report was
sent to a government-appointed council handling the matter. The
council has eight days to decide what action to take based on the
undisclosed recommendation of the Balsai report.  Judith Pataki,
RFE/RL Inc.

Hungarian Industrial Production Drops Again. MTI reported on 30
December that industrial production between January and October
last year dropped to 88.3% of the level for the same period of the
previous year. The worst month was January, when production
reached only 75.6% of the previous January's level. Sectors worst
hit were metallurgy and engineering, where output dropped 30%.
Least affected was the food industry. Exports in 1992 reached a
relatively satisfactory 97.2% of the previous year's level,
primarily because of a large increase in exports in such areas as
the building industry, where a 43.3% increase was registered.
Judith Pataki, RFE/RL Inc.

Acute Water Shortage in Bucharest. The Romanian capital has
reportedly been short of water since 24 December because of thick
ice on the Arges River, its main source. Ice has blocked the
city's water-pumping system. In interviews with Radio Bucharest
and Western agencies on 4 January, Mayor Crin Halaicu described
the situation as "dramatic." He said freezing in the pipe network
has already caused considerable damage and added that
modernization of pumping stations and pipes has had to be put off
because of financial constraints. According to the Romanian TV,
only 20% of Bucharest's normal water consumption needs was covered
on 4 January. Only two hours' worth of water reserves are on hand.
Dan Ionescu, RFE/RL Inc.

Germans in Romania Get New Newspaper. Ethnic Germans in Romania
will have a new daily newspaper beginning on 5 January. The
Allgemeine Deutsche Zeitung f|r Rumdnien (General German Newspaper
for Romania) replaces Neuer Weg (New Path), published in Bucharest
since 1947 and under communist control until three years ago. The
editorial staff of Neuer Weg has moved to the new daily, where the
publication will make use of modern equipment supplied by the
German Foreign Ministry. About 110,000 ethnic Germans are believed
to be living in Romania, down from nearly 360,000 in 1977. Dan
Ionescu, RFE/RL Inc.

Bulgaria's New Economic Policy Unclear. Extensive interviews with
the new ministers of finance and trade in Otechestven vestnik of 4
January have left Bulgarian business leaders uncertain about what
kind of economic policy the newly approved government is likely to
pursue. Since many think the previous government fell because of
its austere economic policies, observers were surprised to hear
Stoyan Aleksandrov--the new finance minister--say that in the main
he approves of the work of his predecessor, Ivan Kostov.
Aleksandrov confirmed that the "monetarist" reform approach will
be maintained and warned of stronger measures to fight inflation.
At the same time he said he may have to permit a larger budget
deficit than international financial organizations might wish.
Meanwhile, contrary to the policy declaration by Prime Minister
Lyuben Berov, Trade Minister Valentin Karabashev said he opposes
protectionist measures in order to safeguard Bulgarian industry.
Kjell Engelbrekt, RFE/RL Inc.

Kozloduy Reactor Closed Following Leak. A leaking generator forced
the management of the Bulgarian nuclear power plant at Kozloduy to
shut down reactor No. 2 on 4 January , AFP reports. The
440-megawatt unit recently underwent a year-long overhaul costing
$34 million; it was put back on line in mid-December. BTA quotes
plant spokeswoman Yordanka Stoyanova as saying that radiation
leakage remains within acceptable norms and that reactor No. 2 is
likely to be restarted on 11 January.  Kjell Engelbrekt, RFE/RL
Inc.

Lozoraitis Declares Candidacy. On 4 January Stasys Lozoraitis,
Lithuanian ambassador to the US, submitted the necessary documents
and a security deposit of 41,450 coupons (Lithuania's provisional
money) to become a candidate for president, Radio Lithuania
reports. The nine right-of-center political parties that form the
Homeland Concord expressed support for Lozoraitis, whose candidacy
was proposed by center parties. Republican Party Chairman
Kazimieras Petraitis also registered as a candidate, raising the
number to four (the two others are Lithuanian Democratic Labor
Party Chairman Algirdas Brazauskas and former Lithuanian Social
Democratic Party Chairman Kazimieras Antanavicius).  Saulius
Girnius, RFE/RL Inc.

Estonia-Russia Talks Delayed. Preparations for summit talks and a
meeting of the prime ministers of the two countries are being
delayed for "objective reasons," Estonian foreign ministry
official Ago Tiiman told Baltfax on 4 January. The delay follows
the recent changeover in the Moscow government. Estonian and
Russian border guard experts will, however, begin talks in Pskov
on 6 January. Estonia is expected to propose a temporary control
line at the border and the granting of permanent passes to
property owners in frontier areas to ease border-crossing
formalities. The agenda will also include the return of Kurds who
entered Estonia illegally from Russia. Saulius Girnius, RFE/RL
Inc.

Japan Opens Embassy in Tallinn. BNS reports that the Estonian
Foreign Ministry press service has announced that Japan will
formally open its embassy in Tallinn on 1 January. Embassies in
Riga and Vilnius are planned later. Ambassador Kurokochi presented
his credentials to Arnold Ruutel, the chairman of Estonian Supreme
Council on 14 June 1992, while still residing in Helsinki.
Saulius Girnius, RFE/RL Inc.

Political Conflict in Latvia. Speaking on Latvian TV on 2 January
Valdis Krisbergs, deputy chairman of the Latvian Union of
Entrepreneurs and president of the Auseklis company, charged the
government of Prime Minister Ivars Godmanis of corruption, BNS
reported on the 4th. At a meeting of the Supreme Council Presidium
Godmanis announced that he intends to bring libel charges against
Krisbergs, who later retorted, "If I am wrong I will apologize,
but if I am right I will furnish all available evidence."
Parliament deputy Ivars Silars called for an investigation by the
parliament commission for combating corruption established last
year. The Krisbergs issue was expected to dominate a closed
cabinet meeting on the 4th.  Saulius Girnius, RFE/RL Inc.

Ukrainian Political Leaders Reject Proposed CIS Charter. President
Leonid Kravchuk held a consultative meeting in Kiev on 4 January
with Ukrainian political leaders to discuss policy toward the CIS
in general and the proposed new CIS Charter in particular. At the
meeting, which was given broad coverage on Ukrainian TV, Kravchuk
stressed his opposition to the proposed charter, describing it as
instrument designed to transform the CIS into the old union. He
declared that he would "continue to fight not only against the old
empire, but also against any attempts" to restore it." He argued
that just as Russia is pursuing its own national interests in
seeking to remain "a superpower" and be the leading force in the
CIS," Ukraine also has its own national interests to protect, of
which the safeguarding of its independence and sovereignty are
paramount. All but two of the 26 representatives of various
Ukrainian political parties and movements who spoke at the meeting
were reported to have supported this position.  Bohdan Nahaylo.,
RFE/RL Inc.

New Ukrainian Appointments in Energy Sphere. President Leonid
Kravchuk has set up a presidential commission on nuclear energy
policy, Ukrainian Radio reported on 4 January. It is to be headed
by Viktor Baryakhtar. A new minister for energy and
electrification has also been appointed--Anatolii Hrytsenko.
Bohdan Nahaylo, RFE/RL Inc.

Belarusian Parliamentary Speaker on START-2. Parliament Chairman
Stanislau Shuskevich has welcomed the US-Russian START-2 treaty
but said that all countries with nuclear weapons should have been
represented at the talks, Belinform and Western agencies reported
on 4 January. Shushkevich also reiterated his country's commitment
to getting rid of the nuclear weapons on its territory.  Bohdan
Nahaylo, RFE/RL Inc.

New Belarusian Army Takes Oath. On 31 December more than 100, 000
servicemen of the new Belarusian army took an oath of loyalty to
the Republic of Belarus, local and Western media report.  Bohdan
Nahaylo, RFE/RL Inc.

"Dniester" President Acknowledges Russian Military Conscription.
Igor Smirnov told Rossiiskaya gazeta on 25 December 1992,
"Dniester residents are being conscripted into, and serving with,
the 14th Army" and that he regards that Russian Army as a
"compatriot army" and that its presence there has been
"legalized." Allegations of 14th Army conscription on Moldovan
territory have appeared for some months in the local media, but
Smirnov's statement is the first open acknowledgment by local
leaders and marks another step toward redefining the 14th Army as
a "home" force in order to avoid its withdrawal from Moldova.
Vladimir Socor , RFE/RL Inc.

Lebed Accuses Ukraine. Addressing a session of the "Dniester
Republic" Supreme Soviet, Lt. Gen. Aleksandr Lebed, commander of
Russia's 14th Army in Moldova, charged that "on orders from the
Kiev leadership, Ukrainian special services have made repeated
attempts to discredit the 14th Army," Basapress reported from
Tiraspol on 30 December. Lebed has previously called on Ukraine to
rejoin Russia in a single state, but this marks the first time
that Lebed publicly lashed out at Kiev. Ukraine has indicated that
it regards the 14th Army's presence on its border as a serious
security problem.  Vladimir Socor , RFE/RL Inc.

Men of the Year in Kiev and Minsk. The residents of Ukraine's
capital have chosen the country's new tough prime minister, Leonid
Kuchma, as their "Man of 1992," Ukrainian Radio reports.
Meanwhile, across the border in Belarus, the residents of Minsk
chose President George Bush as their man of the year, Belarusian
Radio announced on 3 January.  Bohdan Nahaylo, RFE/RL Inc.

NOTICE: The RFE/RL Daily Report will not appear 6 January, which
is a public holiday.

[As of 1200 CET]
Compiled by Hal Kosiba and Charles Trumbull
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