From: Guven.Guzeldere%STANFORD.BitNet@pucc.PRINCETON.EDU (hq.ggg)
Newsgroups: soc.culture.turkish
Subject: TRH NEWS--PART 2
Date: 19 Dec 1992 01:06:57 -0600
Organization: UTexas Mail-to-News Gateway
Reply-To: Turkish Cultural Program List <TRKNWS-L%USCVM.BitNet@pucc.PRINCETON.EDU>
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12/18 NATO Meets On Bosnia Ban

   BRUSSELS, Belgium (AP) -- NATO has voted to enforce the
U.N. ban on Serbian military flights over Bosnia-
Herzegovina, but hasn't specified what action it would take.
   Britain and 11 other countries in the North Atlantic
Treaty Organization urge caution, while the United States,
the Netherlands, Turkey and France want to use allied
airpower, possibly shooting down Serb violators.
   The foreign ministers met today with their counterparts
from Eastern Europe to discuss ways to promote European
stability, including the use of NATO troops as peacekeepers.
   That is a role that the alliance has become eager to play
since the end of the Cold War. But Thursday's debate on the
Bosnia conflict showed the difficulties the alliance faces
in determining what to do if peacekeeping efforts fail.
   The United Nations in October banned Serbian military
aircraft from Bosnian airspace in an attempt to help end the
nearly nine-month war that has killed at least 17,000.
   However, the resolution that imposed the ban did not
outline an enforcement mechanism. More than 225 Serbian
violations have been recorded.
   The Security Council is considering an enforcement
resolution, which diplomats at U.N. headquarters in New York
said would probably be voted on next week.
   Diplomats said the council also was considering
resolutions condemning the the reported systemmatic
detention and rape of women, especially Muslims, in Bosnia;
calling for creation of possible havens to protect people
from the Serbian onslaught; and noting the need to protect
ethnic Albanians in the enclave of Kosovo within Serbia.
   If an enforcement resolution was adopted, "and should
violations continue thereafter, we would be prepared to
support the U.N. in enforcing that resolution," the NATO
foreign ministers said in a statement Thursday.
   But Secretary of State Lawrence Eagleburger later
acknowledged a rift among the allies over how far that
support should go. He said the United States was pushing for
a stronger statement, but did not give details.
   Eagleburger said there were differences on such questions
as whether a warning should be issued before using military
force. Nor was it clear how soon the allies would act.
   Britain appeared to be the most hesitant about using air
power to enforce the "no-fly zone." It fears that using
force would spark Serbian retaliation against the 25,000
peacekeeping troops in former Yugoslav republics; about
2,500 of the peacekeepers are Britons.
   At the moment, allied warships already are taking part in
a naval blockade of Serbia and Montenegro in the Adriatic
Sea in an effort to enforce a U.N. embargo against the two
remnants of the former six-republic Yugoslavia.

12/17 Bosnian Serbs: War Is Over

   BELGRADE, Yugoslavia (AP) -- The parliament of the self-
declared Serb republic in Bosnia declared an end to its
ethnic war Thursday in an apparent effort to blunt the
threat of Western military intervention.
   But the announcement, carried by the Belgrade-based
Tanjug news agency, offered little hope of a breakthrough
since it is clear Serb forces do not intend to give back
captured land. It said a unilateral truce would take effect
in eight days.
   Serbs control about 70 percent of Bosnian territory after
eight months of civil war that have killed more than 17,000
people. Muslim and Croat forces show no inclination to
accept a cease-fire that leaves the Serbs controling most of
the republic.
   The announcement may have a bearing on Sunday's elections
in Yugoslavia, where the hard-line Serbian president,
Slobodan Milosevic, is struggling for re-election against
Milan Panic, the Yugoslav federal president.
   Ardent Serb nationalists in Bosnia consider Panic a
traitor for seeking to end the war in Bosnia with Serb
concessions.
   But in Belgrade, more than 150,000 people rallied in
front of the federal Parliament Thursday in support of
Panic, a Serb-born American. It was the largest
demonstration in the Serbian capital since a weeklong summer
protest against Milosevic.
   "The eyes of the world are on us," said Vuk Draskovic,
leader of the largest opposition party, the Serbian Renewal
Movement. "We are the epicenter of expectations that war
will change to peace ... that death will change to life."
   At the mention of the names of Serbian leaders, those in
the rally echoed: "Slobo-Saddam!" and "Red bandits!"
   Panic, who returned to Serbia in July to become federal
premier, has campaigned for compromise with the world
community in an attempt to lift U.N. sanctions against the
remaining states in Yugoslavia: Serbia and Montenegro.
   Milosevic, a former Communist, has drawn his strength
from the military and from the nationalist sentiment of
citizens who say Serbs living in Serbia, Bosnia and Croatia
must be united in a single Serbian nation.
   In Brussels on Thursday, NATO allies said they would be
willing to support the United Nations in enforcing a ban on
Serbian military flights over Bosnia. The United States has
offered to volunteer jets to shoot down Serbian aircraft
violating the ban.
   In Pale, outside Sarajevo, meanwhile, the parliament of
the self-proclaimed Bosnian Serb republic adopted a
declaration proclaiming the "ethnic-religious war" in Bosnia
over as far as leader Radovan Karadzic is concerned, Tanjug
said.
   The declaration said Bosnian Serbs were ready to begin
peace negotiations and would call on all paramilitary armed
groups to turn in their weapons.
   "The Serbian side wants the world to know it has no more
offensive intentions and that it will no longer engage in
counter-offensive action," Bosnian Serb leader Radovan
Karadzic told The Associated Press.

 12/18 EUROPEANS CONCLUDE THEY CANNOT STOP THE WAR IN BOSNIA

    By Patrick Worsnip, Diplomatic Correspondent
    BRUSSELS, Dec 18, Reuter - A week of speech-making by
European foreign ministers on Yugoslavia has led them to a
bleak conclusion: the outside world cannot stop the war in
Bosnia.
    Three times the ministers have raked over the Yugoslav
problem -- at a European security conference in Stockholm on
Monday and Tuesday, at Yugoslav peace talks in Geneva on
Wednesday, and at NATO in Brussels on Thursday.
    Asked what all this had achieved, British Foreign
Secretary Douglas Hurd said: "We haven't stopped the
suffering (in Bosnia). It can't actually be stopped from
outside in my view...
    "We can't impose a settlement. No one is proposing that
we impose a settlement in the sense of creating some kind of
protectorate...We are left, are we not, with persuasion,
pressure, humanitarian aid."
    Britain is opposed to military intervention in Bosnia,
fearing its troops in the U.N. peace-keeping force there
will suffer, but the assessment from the more hawkish U.S.
Secretary of State Lawrence Eagleburger was little
different.
    "In the end, if you are intent on killing each other,
there is only so much the rest of the world can do to
prevent you from being insane," he told a Yugoslav
journalist at a Brussels news conference.
    It is a conclusion unlikely to cause jubilation on the
streets of Sarajevo and other devastated Bosnian cities, nor
does it truly satisfy some European countries like France,
the Netherlands and Turkey which want to see tougher action.
    But, as ministers kept pointing out, neither the
Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE), nor
the Geneva talks, nor NATO was empowered to take any
decisions on intervening in former Yugoslavia.
    That can only be done by the United Nations Security
Council where Russia and China, both uneasy about strong
measures against the Serbs, need to be persuaded not to use
their vetos.
    Much of the week's discussions centred on a planned new
Security Council resolution to enforce a no-fly zone over
Bosnia imposed by the world body on October 9 but since
violated more than 300 times, mainly by Serb helicopters.
    The Europeans agreed that enforcing the zone should take
into account the need to continue relief operations for
civilians, which could be put at risk if Serbs retaliate for
shot down aircraft by striking at the U.N. peacekeepers.
    But it was far from clear how these two goals could be
reconciled.
    "If the situation is difficult enough, in my view,
enforcing the (no-fly) resolution may have to take priority
over the delivery of humanitarian assistance for some,
hopefully short, period," Eagleburger said.
    But the British and other advocates of caution such as
the Germans, Spanish and Canadians implied that keeping the
aid flowing was the supreme goal.
    Such countries have been backed up by statements this
week by U.N. Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali and by
Lord Owen and Cyrus Vance, co-chairmen of the Geneva peace
talks, warning against hasty action.
    Both hawks and doves agree that enforcing a no-fly zone
will not stop the war and that a full-scale ground
intervention would take huge numbers of forces, could go on
for years, would entail heavy casualties, and might
ultimately fail.
    The enforcement resolution is expected to be passed next
week and to give the Serbs a 15-day grace period before
threats of shooting down aircraft are carried out.
    A similar zone imposed by the Western allies over
southern Iraq to protect Shi'te Moslems there from attack by
government forces has not led to any planes being shot down
as no military flights have been made in the area.
    But a belligerent message from Bosnian Serb leader
Radovan Karadzic on Thursday, threatening to make targets of
U.N. troops if any aircraft are downed, suggested his forces
may not be so cooperative.
    One idea which seems to have fizzled out is lifting a
U.N. arms embargo against Bosnia to allow Moslems to defend
themselves against what they call Serb aggression, an idea
hotly but inconclusively debated in Stockholm.
    Even though the U.N. General Assembly is planning to
issue a non-binding resolution recommending this, diplomats
in Brussels said big-power support for Security Council
action was evaporating.
    European ministers are keeping one eye cocked on next
Sunday's presidential elections in Serbia, where moderate
Yugoslav Prime Minister Milan Panic is trying to oust
Slobodan Milosevic, widely blamed for stoking the Yugoslav
war.
    If Panic were to win and could then call off the war in
Bosnia -- both big "ifs" according to most political
analysts -- Europe would be let off the hook at last. If
not, the decisions are likely to become inexorably harder.
Newsgroups: soc.culture.turkish