HDTenEightyP/NetNews huggingface dataset:
From: ajackson@ernie.Princeton.EDU (Andrew William Jackson)
Subject: Re: Holographic printing?
Originator: news@nimaster
Organization: Princeton University
Date: Tue, 12 Jan 1993 04:36:18 GMT

In article <1993Jan9.003806.1907@mr.med.ge.com> hinz@picard.med.ge.com (David Hinz (hinz@picard.med.ge.com)) writes:
>
>I've been wondering what techniques are used to do the holographic-type 
>printing which is becoming so popular.  As I understand it, the hologram
>on my credit cards is an actual hologram, but how do they do the imprints
>that look like a stamped-on ink, yet retain the colorful effect?
>
>Pardon my lack of getting the terminology right, but I'm sure someone
>here can/will correct me on that as well. ;-)
>
>What kind of 'ink', what kind of press, etc.  My dad teaches a lithography
>techniques class, and he'd like to be able to present this as well.
>
>Thanks for any help you can provide me with.


The hologram on your credit card is not printed with ink.  It is applied to 
the card using a technique called hot-foil blocking or hot stamping.  

First a hologram is exposed onto a photoresist material.  When developed
the hologram consists of a microscopic relief pattern on the surface
of the photoresist.  A very thin metal layer is then evaporated onto the
surface of the hologram that can then be used as an electrode to electro-
form a much thicker layer of metal onto the hologram.  Then photoresist
is then separated from the electroformed metal (the metal master) and then 
metal copies are made by electroforming again onto the metal master and 
separating them.  These copies (inverse) made from the master are called
shims and are used to emboss the holograms in plastic (like on your 
credit card). A similar process is used for making records.  There are a 
few details I left out.  The holograms you see on ceral boxes and the like
are produced by attaching the shims to drums.  The holograms are rolled
out in hot PVC.


ajackson@ernie.princeton.edu




Newsgroups: sci.optics
From: monwel@cbnewsk.cb.att.com (douglas.w.monroe)
Subject: Recommend Optics Course(s)?
Organization: AT&T
Distribution: usa
Date: Mon, 4 Jan 1993 18:40:53 GMT

I'd like to find some "more intensive" short courses for classical optics 
education and I am seeking net wisdom for recommendations 
(More intensive than typical conference short courses)

Such as:
Burfsplt State University short course 101 May 5-8, 1992.

A brief bit about why you recommend it (instructor, materials, hands-on,etc) 
and a contact phone number would be very helpful.

Many thanks! Please 'r' or e-mail replies, I can summarize if necessary.
-- 
                                                          Doug Monroe
                   				       dwm@pruxl.att.com
  						 or   monwel@cbnewsk.att.com
Newsgroups: sci.optics
From: hinz@picard.med.ge.com (David Hinz (hinz@picard.med.ge.com))
Subject: Holographic printing?
Organization: GE Medical Systems, Magnetic Resonance
X-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.1 PL6]
Date: Sat, 9 Jan 93 00:38:06 GMT


I've been wondering what techniques are used to do the holographic-type 
printing which is becoming so popular.  As I understand it, the hologram
on my credit cards is an actual hologram, but how do they do the imprints
that look like a stamped-on ink, yet retain the colorful effect?

Pardon my lack of getting the terminology right, but I'm sure someone
here can/will correct me on that as well. ;-)

What kind of 'ink', what kind of press, etc.  My dad teaches a lithography
techniques class, and he'd like to be able to present this as well.

Thanks for any help you can provide me with.


--

Dave Hinz  -  Opinions expressed are mine, not my employer's.  Obviously.
Ask me if I have an opinion on this! \ Don't blame me; I voted for Perot!
SAAB - Because you get what you pay for.     \       Pherrets are Phun!!!
Newsgroups: sci.optics
From: carl@aoa.aoa.utc.com (Carl Witthoft)
Subject: Re: UltraViolet Light Source
Organization: Adaptive Optics Associates
Date: Fri, 8 Jan 1993 12:59:04 GMT

In article <1993Jan4.211536.6741@cs.tulane.edu> finnegan@navo.navy.mil writes:
>I'm looking for a small UV source, the smaller the better.  I
>would be thrilled to find one that operated on 12VDC or less,
>though an AC source would be acceptable.  I would like as little
>projection as possible in the visible light range.  I've found
>a virtual truckload of 48" and 24" tube models, but these are
>much too big.  Anyone have any supplier names they could provide?
>x
x
I don't have the catalogs handy just now, but any manfacturer
of UV-curing epoxy or optical cement will sell a small UV lamp.
We've bought 4 - inch long tubes (with housing) and a 
small flashlight-like device w/ a 1/4 " diameter output port.
If you can't get anything from LaserFOcus or PhotonicsSPectra
(or Newport or MellesGriot), email me and I'll do some digging.


-- 
Carl Witthoft @ Adaptive Optics Associates
aoa!carl@bbn.com  carl@aoa.utc.com
54 CambridgePark Drive, Cambridge,MA 02140 617-864-0201
"88 is 55 if you want to fly."
Newsgroups: sci.optics
From: dls@wuee1.wustl.edu (Donald L. Snyder)
Subject: getting temperature from weather maps
Organization: Washington University, St. Louis Mo.
Distribution: usa
Date: Wed, 6 Jan 1993 20:53:37 GMT




Weather satellites yield visible and infrared images of large parts of
the earth.  My question is: how can the temperature at a given location
be determined from such a map?  I'll venture a guess at the risk of
exposing my ignorance about this.  Assume black body radiation with
temperature as an unknown parameter.  Assume something about the
spectral response of the sensor on the satellite.  Multiply the sensor
response by the black-body spectrum and integrate.  Select a location
with a known temperature to determine the scale factor between the
integrated spectrum and the brightness (grey level) in the weather map at
that location.  Then, to get the temperature at an unknown location,
adjust the temperature until the integrated spectrum matches the
the observed brightness at that location in the weather map (with the
scale factor taken into account).

OK, blast away at this approach.  What is the way to do it?  What is
the spectral response of the sensors that are used?  Is there a
reference you can suggest where I can investigate this?

           Don Snyder     dls@saturn.wustl.edu
From: evans@ece.arizona.edu (Glen Evans)
Newsgroups: sci.optics
Subject: Lens
Date: 8 Jan 93 15:05:08 GMT
Reply-To: evans@ece.arizona.edu (Glen Evans)
Distribution: world,local
Organization: University of Arizona Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering


I am looking at the problem of a lens with a positive
focal point.  I am putting a point source "behind" the
lens and let it radiate spherical waves, what
kind image should be expected at the focal point
in "front" of the lens?  focal 1=focal2.


                                 /\ 
                                | |
         source                 | |
-----------x--------------------| |----------------------- z axis
                                | |
           1                    | |           2
                                | |
                                 \/
                                lens
        
lens properties
n=1.24 refractive index
delta_o=1cm  thickness
lambda=550nm

I know that if I put the source at infinity, I will
get a plane wave incident on the lens and in the
focal 2, I will get basically an airy pattern.  
But is ray tracing valid for a point source?


All help is appreciated.

Glen Evans
UofA
EM Lab
Newsgroups: sci.optics
From: lhawkins@annie.wellesley.edu (R. Lee Hawkins)
Subject: Re: 780 nm filters ?
Organization: Wellesley College
Date: Wed, 13 Jan 1993 04:23:01 GMT

In article <1993Jan12.203227.4885@wkuvx1.bitnet> scottcr@wkuvx1.bitnet writes:
>I'm visiting from sci.electronics;
>My application is a diode laser link
>FM pulse modulated for high-speed DATA:
>
>I am trying to optimise the sensitivity of
>my IR photodetector (already lensed) with
>a gel or optical filter to cut noise outside
>the 780 nm wavelength.
>
>Are these available? If so, what kind of

Well, in general you can have any wavelength filter with as wide or
narrow a bandpass as you want custom made if you have enough
$$$.  Last time I bought interference filters, a quantity of 1 cost
roughly $800, because this was the cost of an evaporation chamber run.

HOWEVER: If you are less picky, you can get the following from Edmund
	Scientific:

	CWL 780 nm +/- 2 nm
	Half Bandwidth: 10 nm +/- 2 nm
	Thickness: 6.35 mm
	Blocking Range: X-Ray to far IR
	Blocking: < .01%

	Price: 12.5mm dia: $38 (P43,093)
		   25 mm dia:  $72 (P43,145)
		   50 mm sq:  $169 (P43,197)

Edmund's phone number is 609-573-6250
>efficiency can be expected, where available?
>
>Hope this is not too much a newbieQ.

Not at all.

Good luck,
--Lee

________________________________________________________________________________
R. Lee Hawkins	 	    			lhawkins@annie.wellesley.edu
Department of Astronomy     		        lhawkins@lucy.wellesley.edu
Whitin Observatory         		      	    
Wellesley College				Ph. 617-283-2708
Wellesley, MA 02181				FAX 617-283-3642
________________________________________________________________________________
>
>
>-- 
>Chris Scott,  C/E Public Radio,  Western KY Univ,  (502) 745-3834
>SCOTTCR@WKUVX1.BITNET      fx off: 745-2084     fx hm: 781-1232  


Newsgroups: sci.optics,sci.physics
From: siegman@EE.Stanford.EDU (Anthony E. Siegman)
Subject: Re: High Index IR materials
Organization: Stanford University
Date: Mon, 11 Jan 93 23:57:11 GMT


>If anyone has suggestions on how to achieve the requirement other than
>with a bulk high index material I would be most interested.

   Some kind of prism with multiple reflections, each of said
reflections being at a large enough angle of incidence to push the net
reflectivity up?

   For example, looking into a Sagnac interferometer (also sometimes
called an "antiresonant ring") gives 100% reflectivity at all wavelengths
and zero phase shift (with respect to the midpoint of the ring), if
the beam splitter has 50/50 reflectivity.  Haven't looked at the
unbalanced case (other than 50/50 beam splitter), but probably gives
fixed reflectivity over a broad band.  Of course, this only works for
a spatially coherent essentially single-transverse-mode beam...
From: hnr@ecs.soton.ac.uk (Harvey Rutt)
Newsgroups: sci.optics
Subject: Re: High Index IR materials
Date: 6 Jan 93 17:01:53 GMT

In <1ib1g8INNcrf@crcnis1.unl.edu> vporguen@unlinfo.unl.edu (victor porguen) writes:

>hnr@ecs.soton.ac.uk (Harvey Rutt) writes:

>>Asside from tellurium with no~6.3 and ne~4.7 does anyone know of any
>>other Ir 8-14 micron transparent materials with an index greater than
>>that of germanium, n~4?
>>Could be either bulk or thin film form.

>Might arsenic trisulphide be of any use to you? It forms an amorphous
>glass and can be ground and polished, possibly evaporated to form a 
>film.


Thanks for the suggestion, but all these glasses as far as I am aware
have indices in the 2.5 to 2.9 region, the latter being Se containing
glasses.
A reply posted direct to me suggested InSb (rather lossy at 10.6) PbS
(only just above 4) and PbSe or PbTe at n~6, which are excellent
suggestions.
> Anyone any other ideas?
Is PbTe or PbSe commercially available from anyone?
Harvey Rutt Southampton UK
From: kngjon03@uctvax.uct.ac.za
Newsgroups: sci.optics
Subject: High index liquid for dye solvent
Date: 7 Jan 93 15:01:32 +0200
Organization: University of Cape Town

Hi.

Does anyone have any suggestions for high-index fluids
for use as laser dye solvents? I have used benzyl alcohol 
(m=1.539) and quinoline (m=1.626, but light sensitive and
somewhat absorbing in the visible). We wish to produce a 
substantial index mismatch at a liquid to glass (m=1.458)
interface.

The liquid should best be transparent at 600nm and should be 
able to dissolve the Rhodamine dyes. Anything with m>1.539 is 
of interest.

Thanks.

Jonathan Knight, knight@physci.uct.ac.za

 
Newsgroups: sci.optics
From: yjj@rhea.ctr.columbia.edu (Yuan Jiang)
Subject: Re: Holographic printing?
Organization: Columbia University Center for Telecommunications Research
Date: Wed, 13 Jan 1993 02:42:59 GMT
X-Posted-From: rhea.ctr.columbia.edu
NNTP-Posting-Host: sol.ctr.columbia.edu

In article <1993Jan9.003806.1907@mr.med.ge.com> hinz@picard.med.ge.com (David Hinz (hinz@picard.med.ge.com)) writes:
>
>I've been wondering what techniques are used to do the holographic-type 
>printing which is becoming so popular.  As I understand it, the hologram
>on my credit cards is an actual hologram, but how do they do the imprints
>that look like a stamped-on ink, yet retain the colorful effect?
>
>Pardon my lack of getting the terminology right, but I'm sure someone
>here can/will correct me on that as well. ;-)
>
>What kind of 'ink', what kind of press, etc.  My dad teaches a lithography
>techniques class, and he'd like to be able to present this as well.

The fringe pattern of a hologram is transfered to a (hard) metal
plate which is then used to print the pattern on plastic films.
The plastic film is colorless, but the fringe reflects the white
light in a way that generate the colorful 3-D picture.
Read the chapter of reflective hologram in a book on optics.










Newsgroups: sci.optics
From: jmcvey@boi.hp.com ( John McVey         x3638 )
Subject: Scratched SCT corrector plate
Date: Thu, 7 Jan 1993 15:29:57 GMT
Organization: Hewlett-Packard / Boise, Idaho
X-Newsreader: Tin 1.1scd1 PL4

I have a MEADE 8" SCT telescope that has some scrathes on the corrector plate.
The corrector plate is anti-reflection coated.  I am guessing that it is
really the coating that is scratched, and that the glass itself is okay.

Is it possible to have the scratched coating removed and then have it re-
coated?

I will be contacting MEADE soon, but I wanted some background info first.

Thanks in advance,

John McVey
jmcvey@hpbslq.boi.hp.com
Xref: sparky sci.optics:1354 sci.physics:22299 misc.jobs.resumes:7363
From: kdv@rimeda.lt.su (Dmitry V. Kolomoitsev)
Newsgroups: sci.optics,sci.physics,misc.jobs.resumes
Subject: Search for doc and postdoc positions in Laser Physics and adjacent fields
Date: Fri, 08 Jan 93 06:33:23 +0200
Distribution: world
Organization: Rimeda
Reply-To: kdv@rimeda.lt.su

                                        Algirdo Str. 49-A, 54
                                        Vilnius 232006
                                        LITHUANIA
                                        E-mail: kdv@rimeda.lt.su

                                        January 8, 1993

Dear netters:

    Would you be so kind to advice us in the following subject:

    We  are interested in doctoral and postdoctoral positions in
    US, Canadian or  Australian University  in the area of Laser
    Physics,  Chemical  Physics,  Molecular   &   Atomic   Laser
    Spectroscopy.

    We  graduated from   Department of   Physics, Moscow   State
    University in  1986  (MD  in  Physics), and one of  us (DVK)
    will defense his PhD thesis this  spring  in  Laser Physics.

    If there  are  positions available for  non-US  students  in
    your  University, please, pass  our request for  information
    and application forms to Graduate Office,  or  inform us  on
    E-mail address of this Office.

    Thank you very much!

    Sincerely yours,
                                         Dmitry V. Kolomoitsev
                                         Alina Yu. Lebed

Newsgroups: sci.optics
From: thornto@next2god.heart.rri.uwo.ca (Mike Thornton)
Subject: REPOST: Holography
Organization: University of Western Ontario
Distribution: usa
Date: Fri, 8 Jan 1993 16:17:09 GMT


Greetings,

A couple of weeks ago I read an article giving an explanation of the 
principles underlying holography. The description was by someone at
Ontario Hydro I believe. I saved a copy of the article but over the
holidays I was cleaning up my directories and I lost the article. If 
someone has the article I would really appreciate it if they would e-mail
me a copy.

Thanks;

Michael M. Thornton

Heart Valve Lab : Robarts Research Inst
University of Western Ontario
London, Ontario, Canada

 "I hate quotations"
        -Ralph Waldo Emerson

P.S. Also I want to say hi to prof. Herman at U of T. I figure you read
this newsgroup.
From: ANDERSM@qucdn.queensu.ca
Newsgroups: sci.nanotech
Subject: Re: Homebrewed STM
Date: 12 Jan 93 05:15:23 GMT
Organization: Queen's University at Kingston

There was an article in Computers in Physics within the last couple of years
with directions on building some flavour of scanned probe microscope.  The
article was aimed at high school physics teachers and I seem to recall a price
tag of less than a couple of thousand dollars.
The directions did assume that a PC was on hand to control the device.
From: gbloom@nyx.cs.du.edu (Gregory Bloom)
Newsgroups: sci.nanotech
Subject: Homebrewed STM
Date: 5 Jan 93 03:43:28 GMT
Organization: Nyx, Public Access Unix at U. of Denver Math/CS dept.

How hard is it to build an STM or AFM?  Does it seem like a project
that could be made on the scale of 'The Amateur Scientist' series
from Scientific American?  I have heard that getting the monatomic
tipped probe is perhaps the hardest part.  Could standard
electronics crystals, removed from their cases, be used to position
the probe?  How noisy can the controlling current be?  How hard is 
it to observe tunneling current?

Is 'rolling your own' STM merely unlikely, or am I asking something
more like 'how do I build a space shuttle in my backyard?'

Gregory Bloom
gbloom@nyx.cs.du.edu

[Homebrew STM's are a definite possibility;  the only one I've personally
 seen built was done by a couple of grad students in a lab here at
 Rutgers, though.  A lot depends on how much electronics you're willing
 to buy or are able to build.  Virtually all of them (including commercial
 ones) seem to use PCs.  Anybody reading ever built one?
 --JoSH]
From: SOREFF@fshvmfk1.vnet.ibm.com
Newsgroups: sci.nanotech
Subject: nanotech, home stm
Date: 12 Jan 93 05:01:06 GMT

I haven't built an STM, but R.A. Lewis, S.A. Gower, P. Groombridge,
D.T.W. Cox, and L.G. Adorni Braccesi published an article
"Student scanning tunneling microscope"
in American Journal of Physics (ISSN 0002-9505) Volume 59, Number 1,
Jan. 1991 P38-42

The abstract was, roughly:

 A scanning tunneling microscope (STM) has been constructed as an
 undergraduate project.  Its mechanical and electronic design are
 described and results obtained using it are presented.  At the same
 time, the requirements to be met in STM design are noted.  Design
 developments which have paved the STM's way into the teaching
 laboratory are identified.

I don't have the article in front of me, so this is from fuzzy memory:
The authors didn't quite get atomic resolution, but it was close.  It
looked like a $1000-$2000 project, but I haven't looked for prices on
all of the components.  I think that they used a chart recorder or xy
plotter rather than a computer to record data.

                                               -Jeffrey Soreff

standard disclaimer: I do not speak for my employer.
From: willdye@helios.unl.edu (Will Dye)
Newsgroups: sci.nanotech
Subject: Re: Controlled Release (was: To Spread The Meme)
Date: 5 Jan 93 03:34:54 GMT
Organization: University of Nebraska--Lincoln

dkrieger@netcom.com (David Krieger) writes:
>...There
>are plenty of people who could do a lot more harm than Leary by embracing
>what Thomas Donaldson calls "capital-N Nanotechnology".  

I've read some postings by Mr. Donaldson (and was impressed by them), 
but I haven't run across the phrase "capital-N Nanotechnology".  
How is this differ from, say, "n"anotechnology?

>...For example, Pat
>Robertson (televangelist) has mentioned "Engines" on his "700 Club" 
>television program.

What did he have to say about it?  I'm curious about the political 
demographics of the nanotech meme.  Most nano proponents seem to 
be near the techno-libertairian point of view.  Conservatives, 
however, have a small faction called the "conservative opportunity 
society", that seems happy with technological progress.  I wonder 
what the Rev. Robertson had to say. 

My interest concerns lobbying for long-term support of research in
general, and nanotech in particular.  It's almost always a mistake 
(from the view of political strategy) for an interest group to become
tied to one party.  The party you're tied to can take you for granted, 
so you get nice words, and maybe some handouts in the primaries, but 
in the general election they fight over the uncommitted or weakly 
committed.  The other party won't bother to please you, since they 
figure you can't be won.  Witness the strategies of the major 
lobbying groups (Oil, Tobacco, Israel, Military Spending, etc.), 
they may be closer to one party than the other, but they never want 
to be seen as permanently locked in.  There are other benefits, such
as getting exposure to a greater diversity of ideas, an organizational
culture that knows how to avoid alienating those with different points
of view, and a bit less vulnerability to becoming a pork-barrel 
project.

Currently, there are enormous opportunities for the nanotech meme 
in the Clinton administration.  I believe we should pursue them 
vigorously.  We should avoid, however, the sweet temptation of  
becoming a project of the Democratic Party.  Like any political 
group, they will want to take credit for benefits that may arise 
from projects that have supported.  We have to be careful to not 
let our desire to please our patron get in the way of our long-term
strategy.  After all, this is a long-term project, and we (like 
other major groups) need long-term, consistent support. 

I'm sorry for digressing here on politics, JoSH.  I'm trying to read 
Nanosystems and contribute to the technical side; but for now, politics 
is something I know, so I tend to talk about it.  I'll keep reading.

--Will
willdye@helios.unl.edu
From: ttf@iti.org (Tihamer T. Toth-Fejel)
Newsgroups: sci.nanotech
Subject: Re:  Homebrewed STM
Date: 12 Jan 93 04:57:52 GMT


	Is 'rolling your own' STM merely unlikely, or am I asking something
	more like 'how do I build a space shuttle in my backyard?'

Yes, while Todd Gustavson was at Homestead High School (in Sunnyvale,
CA though he lived in Los Altos), he built one for a high school
science fair.  He is now at Cal Tech, where I talked to him about a
year ago. (but finger doesn't find his email address
tlg@tybalt.caltech).  I should have asked him if he knew about
sci.nanotech, since he is familiar with Drexler's work (Darn - I should
have asked Chris to invite him to the FI new-year's party).

I have a copy of his science fair report, and it is pretty impressive
for a high school project, but I would not consider it a "how to
manual" unless you are already well versed in electronics and
STM basics.

Todd's dad David helped him a bit and provided the tools (oscilloscope,
etc.) and Doug Smith (then a grad student at Stanford) made several
useful suggestions, and provided one of the most important components
of the project (the piezo-ceramic element).  Todd was inspired by
Calvin Quate, also at Stanford.

ttf@iti.org     (Tihamer T. Toth-Fejel)
Industrial Technology Institute, P.O. Box 1485, Ann Arbor, MI 48106
office: (313) 769-4248   fax: (313) 769-4064   home: (313) 662-4741
*----*----*----*Think of it as evolution in action*----*----*----*----*