From: madhu@balboa.eng.uci.edu (Madhukar Govindaraju)
Subject: Latest INS rules - Sources of Information
Newsgroups: soc.culture.indian
Organization: University of California, Irvine
Distribution: usa
Date: 13 Nov 92 20:41:32 GMT
Followup-To: madhu@balboa.eng.uci.edu <Madhukar C. Govindaraju> 

Dear Friends,

	Last week I had posted (in SCI) a request for sources of information
regarding the latest INS rules regarding F-1 practical training.
Thanks to Ravinder Bhumbla at rbhumbla@ucsd.edu I was able to
get the following information. I have summarized them for all
of you. 

	There is fairly current information available by gopher.  For
those who have a gopher client, point it to the following addresss.

#
Name=U. of Iowa Passport Newsletter (for foreign students)
Type=1
Port=8337
Path=1/.uiowa/.oies/.passport/main.mnu
Host=chop.isca.uiowa.edu
#

For those who don't have gopher access and have telnet access, 

1.	telnet to consultant.micro.umn.edu
2.	login as gopher
3.	Select the following items from each subsequent menu (in the
	order given)
            Other Gopher and Information Servers/
	4.  North America/
	97. University of Iowa Panda server/
	5.  University of Iowa Information/
	4.  OIES - Office of International Education & Services/
        1.  Passport Newsletter/

The stuff in the final menu will be what you want.  You can mail any
interesting text file to yourself.  The interface is quite friendly -
just use the cursor keys to move and <Return> to select.

I was able to get the following information. I hope they are useful
to all of you.

Thanks,
Madhukar CG

-------------------------------------------------------------------

                                ABOUT PASSPORT


    PASSPORT is prepared at the Office of International Educationand
    Services (OIES).  Its purpose is to keep University of Iowa foreign
    students and scholars informed about matters that might be of interest
    and importance to them.  PASSPORT is updated on the first working day
    of each month.  Some items do not require such frequent up-dating, and
    are changed only as needed.  Each item shows the date of its most
    recent revision.

    For readers' convenience, PASSPORT comes in several parts, as indicated
    by the main PASSPORT menu.

    "Current News and Comments" contains short articles about recent
    developments or opportunities.

    "Immigration Information" has several sub-parts.  "Recent Developments"
    describes recent changes in immigration regulations or procedures.  It
    is updated at least monthly.  The other sub-parts of "Immigration
    Information" summarize regulations and procedures for several common
    immigration-related matters, such as employment permission and
    practical training authorization.

    The "Calendar of Up-Coming Events" tells about internationally-oriented
    social, educational, and cultural events that will be occurring at the
    UI during the next several weeks.

    "Employment Opportunities for Graduates" conveys information about job
    opportunities IN OTHER COUNTRIES for students from those countries.

    "Financial Aid" conveys information about financial aid opportunities
    from sources other than the UI.

    "Off-Campus Educational Opportunities" describe internationally
    oriented seminars, workshops, or internship possibilities.

    "Nationality Organization Officers" lists the names, addresses, and
    telephone numbers of nationality organizations currently active at the
    UI.

    Finally, "Feature Stories with an International Theme" presents
    articles from or about Americans with an interesting overseas
    experiences, or foreign students or scholars who have done something
    notable.

    PLEASE TELL YOUR FRIENDS ABOUT PASSPORT ITEMS YOU THINK MIGHT INTEREST
    THEM.  Your friends might not have read the latest issue.

    If you have suggestions, reactions, or questions about items in
    PASSPORT, please direct them to the OIES receptionist, who will refer
    them to the proper person.  The OIES is located in Room 120,
    International Center.  The telephone number is 335-0335. 
-------------------------------------------------------------------

                         FROM THE IMMIGRATION ADVISER


    One of our students travelled all the way to Omaha to apply for F-1
    off-campus work permission.  When he got there he learned that the INS
    had changed procedures and would no longer process off-campus work
    permission applications in person.  They now want students to mail
    applications.  When INS has looked at the application and made a
    decision they will notify the student that it is time to come to Omaha
    for an EAD (Employment Authorization Document.)

    INS will still process practical training applications in person.

                                   * * * * *

    The United States Information Agency (USIA) has published proposed new
    regulations for J-1 students and scholars and their J-2 dependents.  
    These are only proposed regulations, and it is not clear when, or if,
    they will be adopted.

    We are studying these proposed regulations and will respond with
    comments to USIA.  One very difficult proposed requirement is that all
    J-1 visa holders and their dependents have a certain type of health
    insurance in order to maintain their immigration status.

    PASSPORT will keep you informed of progress in this area.

                                   * * * * *

    I am sure that all of the students from the PRC know this, but, in case
    you don't -- President Bush signed the Chinese Student Protection Bill
    and it is now law.  If, by July 1, 1993, the president has not
    certified that it is safe for those who have protected by President
    Bush's Executive Order to return to China, you may apply for a green
    card for yourself and your dependents.

                                   * * * * *

    For the past several years we have received a lot of help from Virginia
    Stratton-Coulter of Congressman Dave Nagle's Iowa City office.
    Congressman Nagle will not represent our district after the January
    inauguration because the state has been redistricted.  Our new
    Congressman is expected to be Jim Leach, a veteran Republican with a
    long history of interest in international affairs.

    We have all benefited from Virginia Stratton-Coulter's and Congressman
    Nagle's help, and we will miss them very much.

                                   * * * * *

                            New hours for the INS:

    The INS office in Omaha is closed to the public on Wednesdays.  On the
    four other days of the week they are open from 8:00 a.m. to 3:30 p.m.

    Applications for Employment Authorization Documents (EADs) will be
    processed any weekday except Wednesday, although the INS would prefer
    to process all EAD applications on Tuesdays.  Be sure to keep this
    in mind.

    The OIES can give you a sheet with instructions for locating the INS
    office if you drive to Omaha.

                                    * * * *

    J-1 students and scholars needing an extension of stay should request a
    new IAP-66 approximately 60 days before their stay expires.  Please
    remember that an extension of stay now requires a completed Form I-539
    with a fee of $70 for the J-1 and $10 for each J-2 dependent.

                                    * * * *

    If you must drive to Omaha, please be careful on the highway.  Do not
    travel there alone.  If your car breaks down on the road, wait for the
    police to come help you.  Remember that winter is coming soon and the
    highways may be snow- and ice-covered.  Winter driving is a special
    skill.  If you are not confident about driving in these conditions,
    please find a driver who is confident, wait for better weather, or take
    the bus.

                                      Maggie Brooke, Immigration Adviser
-------------------------------------------------------------------

                          Overview of Employment
                                   for
                          Students in F-1 Status


    Purpose

    This handout is designed for students in F-1 status. It will
    provide you with an introduction to (1) how "employment" is
    defined by the U. S. Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS)
    and (2) the types of employment authorization which may be
    available to you.

    Eligibility and Application Requirements

    Different requirements exist for each type of F-1 employment but
    those requirements are not discussed in this handout. For example,
    a fundamental eligibility requirement for all types of employment
    is that you must be in and must continuously maintain lawful F-1
    status. Maintaining eligibility for most types of F-1 employment
    means that you must limit your work to no more than 20 hours per
    week while school is in session. Do not assume that you are
    eligible to work without first contacting your international
    student adviser.

    Definition of "Employment"

    "Employment" is any type of work performed or services provided in
    exchange for money, tuition, fees, books, supplies, room, food or
    any other benefit. If you receive no pay or other benefit for work
    performed, this activity is not defined as "employment" but is
    considered to be "volunteer work".

    Categories of F-1 Student Employment

    On-Campus Employment "Incident to Status"

    General. Work on your campus is usually permissible if it meets
    certain requirements. INS regulations state that this employment
    is automatically authorized for any student in lawful F-1 status.
    Check with your international student adviser for school
    requirements and procedures governing the authorization of
    on-campus employment.

    Type 1: Employment by Your School. On-campus work performed for
    your school is always acceptable, whether it is employment in your
    academic department, the library, the computer center or the
    housing office. Work required by a scholarship, fellowship or
    assistantship is also acceptable.

    Type 2: Other Employment on Your School's Premises. Work performed
    on your school's grounds or premises for an outside contractor or
    firm is considered to be on-campus employment as long as the
    employer provides direct services to students. Examples of this
    might be your school's food service or bookstore, if they are
    operated not by your school but by an outside firm.

    Type 3: Work Off Campus Which Qualifies as On-Campus Employment.
    Some types of employment off campus are defined by the INS as
    "on-campus employment". There must be an official relationship
    between your school and the off-campus employer, the work must be
    associated with your school's curriculum or related to a graduate
    level research project, and the employment must be an important
    part of your program of study.

    The Pilot Off-Campus Employment Program

    If you are in good academic standing and have been in lawful F-1
    status for at least one academic year, and if your prospective
    employer has filed a document called a "labor and wage
    attestation" with the U. S. Department of Labor, you may be
    eligible to be employed in that job. Your international student
    services office may have further information on this special work
    program.

    Some work experiences which are an important part of your study
    program may be considered "curricular practical training". These
    experiences may include alternate work/study programs,
    internships, cooperative education programs and practicum
    experiences. Any student who works for one year or more in
    full-time curricular practical training is not eligible for
    practical training after completion of studies.

    Internship with an International Organization

    If you are maintaining lawful F-1 status an internship by a
    "recognized" international organization, such as the United
    Nations and the World Bank, you may obtain written permission to
    engage in this work. You must maintain your F-1 student status
    while employed by such an organization.

    Practical Training After Completion of Studies

    You may be eligible to be employed in a job which is directly
    related to your major field of study for one year after you
    complete a study program. Such employment may take place at any
    location in the U. S.

    Employment Eligibility Verification

    When you begin work, you and your employer must complete a form
    entitled "Employment Eligibility Verification" (INS Form I-9),
    which the employer retains. The I-9 must be updated each time you
    receive a renewal of your work permission.

    Social Security and Other Taxes

    In general, F-1 students who have been in the U. S. less than five
    years are exempt from Social Security (F.I.C.A.) taxes. Your
    earnings are subject to applicable federal, state and local taxes.
    Students must file a tax return on or before April 15 each year,
    which will determine if any of the withheld taxes can be refunded.

    A Note of Caution

    While INS regulations provide a variety of opportunities for you
    to be employed during your time in F-1 status, working improperly
    or without authorization is a serious violation of your status.
    You should therefore consult with your international student
    adviser before taking up any employment.

    Failure to Comply with Employment Regulations

    It is your responsibility to comply with all Immigration
    regulations which apply to F-1 students. Staff in your
    international student services office have responsibility for
    advising and counseling you regarding your responsibilities. If
    you fail to comply with your responsibilities, you may not be
    eligible for benefits normally granted to F-1 students.

    Employment for F-2 Dependents

    Immigration regulations prohibit all employment for F-2 dependents
    (spouses and children of F-1 students).

    Further Information

    Additional information on employment is available from the
    international student services office on your campus. Staff of
    that office are pleased to offer information, counseling and
    assistance on all federal regulations related to maintaining your
    student status.


    F-1 Handout EM-101
    Revised 01/92
    Government Regulations Advisory Committee
    NAFSA: Association of International Educators
-------------------------------------------------------------------

                  INFORMATION CONCERNING ON-CAMPUS EMPLOYMENT
                       OF FOREIGN STUDENTS IN F-1 STATUS


LAWS AND REGULATIONS.  U.S. immigration laws permit F-1 students to accept
on-campus employment without getting permission from any authority.  A student
may work on campus as long as the employment does not interfere with the
student's ability to continue as a full-time student.  (For graduate students,
full-time enrollment is 9 semester hours; for undergraduates, it is 12 semester
hours.  Enrollment in the summer session is not required.)  Foreign students
cannot displace "U.S. resident" workers.

One de facto restriction concerning on-campus employment of foreign students
should be mentioned.  That has to do with what is called the "Work-Study
Program."  The Work-Study Program is a financial aid program that is supported
by the federal government.  Like many federally-supported programs, it can be
used only by U.S. citizens and permanent residents.  Foreign students are not
eligible for it.  Under the Work-Study Program, a University office that hires a
student has to pay only a small percentage of the student's wage.  The
government pays the remainder.  Thus, University departments can hire students
at a much lower cost through the Work-Study Program than they can otherwise.  
Because it costs them less, some University departments may be able or willing
to hire only Work-Study students.  These "work- study jobs" are not available to
foreign students.

Most on-campus jobs are not work-study jobs, it should be emphasized, and many
foreign students do succeed in finding on-campus work.

FINDING A JOB.  Information about most on-campus employment opportunities is
available through the Iowa Student Information Services (ISIS) system, a large,
interactive computer program.  You can access ISIS through a computer or
terminal in one of the many Instructional Technology Centers (ITCs) on the
campus, or through any personal computer or terminal that is connected to the
Weeg Computing Center.  Staff in the ITCs can give you instructions for
accessing the information about employment opportunities.

Several University departments or offices hire large numbers of students, have
jobs available fairly frequently, but do not always have their openings listed
on ISIS.  Students seeking on-campus work can visit these various offices to try
to find a job, if they have not found one through ISIS.  Here is a list of the
offices that job-seekers can visit:


     1.  For part-time jobs at the University Hospitals, contact the individual
         department.
         a.  The Housekeeping supervisor, Room C157, General Hospital
         b.  The supervisor of the Dietetics Department, Room C141, General
             Hospital (for all cafeteria jobs in the General Hospital, Hospital
             School and the Psychiatric Hospital)

     2.  Contact the manager of the various Union Food Service operations
         located in the IMU, for jobs in the Union cafeterias.

     3.  Tutoring jobs are often available through academic departments.  Also,
         tutors are often needed by the Tutor Referral Service, IMU (located at
         the Campus Information Center, 1st floor) and Special Support Services
         in Calvin Hall.  New Dimensions in Learning, located in the Quad near
         the Quadrangle Cafeteria, sometimes needs tutors in science and
         mathematics.

     4.  Contact the manager of the laundry, whose office is located in Room 54
         of the Laundry Building on South Madison Street, for jobs with the
         University Laundry Service.

     5.  Residence Hall cafeteria jobs are often available.  First priority is
         given to dorm residents.  See the Dining Service Manager at each
         residence hall.

     6.  Library vacancies are filled by the library's assistant director of
         personnel.  The person at the Main Library information desk can direct
         you to the proper office.

     7.  Pharmacy students may qualify for lab jobs in the Pharmacy School and
         other science-related departments.  See the receptionist in the main
         office of the College of Pharmacy.  She can direct you to the faculty
         member who is in charge of laboratories.

Finally, it can help to talk to other students who have on-campus jobs.  Find
out who they saw to get their jobs, and go see that person yourself.

Note:  University positions filled through Personnel Services in Eastlawn are
primarily permanent, full-time positions.  That is, they are not appropriate for
individuals in F-1 status.  There are a few part-time or temporary positions
listed through Personnel Services, and F-1 students are eligible for them if
there are no qualified U.S. citizens or permanent residents eligible for them
and willing to take them.  Since there are few positions for which there are no
eligible U.S. citizen applicants, foreign students are very rarely able to find
a job through Personnel Services.  Foreign students are much more likely to be
able to find student jobs of the kind listed on ISIS or offered through the
various offices listed above.

-------------------------------------------------------------------

                 The Pilot Off-Campus Employment Program
                                   for
                          Students in F-1 Status



    Purpose

    This handout is designed for F-1 students. It will provide you
    with information on a special off-campus employment opportunity
    which was established by the U. S. Congress. This program is
    referred to as a "pilot" program because it is being offered on a
    trial or test basis until October 29, 1994. If Congress does not
    extend this program beyond its designated expiration date, it will
    cease to exist as a work option for F-1 students.

    Student Eligibility Requirements

    Student Requirements. In order to be eligible to work through this
    pilot program you must (1) be maintaining lawful F-1 status, (2)
    have been in F-1 status for one full academic year [usually eight
    to nine months] and (3) be in good academic standing. If at any
    time you are engaged in any type of F-1 employment and fail to
    maintain lawful F-1 status, your authorization to continue work is
    automatically terminated.

    Maintenance of Eligibility During Normal School Terms. If you are
    granted written permission to be employed through this pilot
    program, you must not work more than a total of 20 hours per week
    (including any other work, on campus or off, you may have been
    authorized to perform) while school is in session in order to
    maintain your eligibility for work.

    Maintenance of Eligibility During Holidays and Vacation Periods. 
    You may be employed full time during holidays and vacation
    periods, including breaks between terms and summer vacations,
    provided you are eligible and intend to register for the next
    school term. If you attend a school which is on a quarter or
    trimester academic calendar and enroll continuously for a full
    courseload for an academic year (usually 8 to 9 months), you are
    eligible to take any one of the quarters or trimesters as your
    vacation term instead of taking a summer vacation. Students who do
    this may work full time during that vacation period. If you
    qualify for and wish to do this, please contact your international
    student adviser before you do so.

    Employer Eligibility Requirements

    In addition to requirements which you must satisfy, any employer
    wishing to hire you must also meet certain eligibility
    requirements. The employer (1) must have actively recruited U. S. 
    workers for the position for at least 60 days, (2) must have found
    no qualified U. S. workers for the position and (3) must promise
    to provide F-1 students the same wages and working conditions as
    U. S. workers in similar jobs. The employer must then certify that
    these requirements have been met by filing a document called a
    "labor-and-wage attestation" with the U. S. Department of Labor
    (DOL).

    Locating an Appropriate Employer

    While any employer is able to participate in this pilot program
    provided it is able to meet the eligibility conditions, finding an
    employer who has heard about this program, understands its
    requirements and is willing to meet those requirements may be
    difficult. You may be in a position of not only looking for an
    off-campus job but also educating employers about the program and
    convincing them to participate in it. Your international student
    services office may have handouts or other materials which can
    assist you in your efforts.

    Application Procedures

    Employer Procedures. The employer must meet all eligibility
    requirements described earlier and must certify that it has done
    so by sending a labor attestation form to the Department of Labor. 
    If the employer then wishes to hire you for a job covered by the
    attestation, the employer will give you a copy of the attestation
    to present to your international student adviser.

    Student Procedures

    All application procedures can be accomplished at your
    international student services office. You must complete items #1
    - #6 on a form entitled "Certification by Designated School
    Official" (INS Form I-538), sign and date the form, and then give
    it to your international student adviser. You must also give your
    adviser a copy of the employer's attestation and your original INS
    Form I-20 ID (Student) Copy.

    Authorization for Employment

    Your international student adviser will complete Form I-538 and
    forward it, along with a copy of the employer's attestation, to
    the INS. The adviser will authorize your employment by entering
    the following on the back of your I-20 ID: "Part-time employment
    with (name of employer) at (location) authorized from (date) to
    (date)." This means that the employment is authorized only for one
    employer at a specific location. The ending date of employment
    will usually be the earliest of the following dates: (1) the
    period of validity of the labor attestation, (2) the date you are
    expected to complete your studies, (3) one calendar year from the
    date work is authorized to begin or (4) September 30, 1994. Your
    international student adviser may authorize a shorter time
    (usually 90 days) if the labor attestation has not yet been
    approved by the Department of Labor. After receipt of an approved
    attestation, the adviser will usually authorize work until the
    earliest of the four dates listed above. Your adviser will sign
    and date this authorization, and return the form to you. 
    Employment may begin only after you receive this written
    authorization. Authorization from the INS is not required.

    Application for Extension of Previously-Authorized Employment

    The employment authorization may be renewed annually until the
    employer's attestation expires, until you complete your studies or
    until September 30, 1994 (unless Congress extends this pilot
    employment program), whichever date occurs first. Eligibility
    requirements and application/authorization procedures are
    identical to those described above.

    Employment and School Transfer or Change of Level

    If you have a valid authorization to work off campus through this
    special pilot program, that authorization remains valid for the
    specified employer at the specified location even if you transfer
    schools or change from one academic level to another.

    Employment Eligibility Verification

    When you begin work, you and your employer must complete a form
    entitled "Employment Eligibility Verification" (INS Form I-9),
    which will be kept by the employer. The I-9 must be updated each
    time you renew your work permission.

    A Note of Caution

    While INS regulations provide a variety of opportunities for you
    to be employed during your time in F-1 status, working improperly
    or without authorization is a serious violation of your status. 
    You should therefore consult with your international student
    adviser before taking up any employment. It is your responsibility
    to comply with all Immigration regulations which apply to F-1
    students. Staff in your international student services office have
    responsibility for advising and counseling you regarding your
    responsibilities. If you fail to comply with your
    responsibilities, you may not be eligible for benefits normally
    granted to F-1 students.

    Further Information

    Additional information on employment is available from the
    international student services office on your campus. Staff of
    that office are pleased to offer information, counseling and
    assistance on all federal regulations related to maintaining your
    student status.


    F-1 Handout EM-103
    Revised 01/92
    Government Regulations Advisory Committee
    NAFSA: Association of International Educators
-------------------------------------------------------------------

                      Curricular Practical Training
                                   for
                          Students in F-1 Status



    Purpose

    This handout is designed for students in F-1 status. It will
    provide you with information on a type of employment opportunity
    which the U. S. Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) calls
    "curricular practical training".

    Definition of Curricular Practical Training

    The Immigration Service defines "curricular practical training" as
    employment which is an integral or important part of your
    curriculum, including:

         ...alternate work/study, internship, cooperative education,
         or any other type of required internship or practicum which
         is offered by sponsoring employers through cooperative
         agreements with the school.

    According to the INS, the word "required" does not always limit
    this type of practical training only to work experiences which are
    required parts of the curriculum. This clarification is discussed
    below in more detail.

    Job Eligibility Requirements

    To be considered curricular practical training, the work must not
    only be related to your major field of study but must also be an
    integral or important part of your studies. Training which is
    required by your degree program always meets the requirements for
    curricular practical training, regardless of whether or not you
    receive academic credit for your work. Training which is not
    required by your degree program may meet the requirements for
    curricular practical training if you receive academic credit for
    the employment experience and if it is an important part of your
    studies. If you have a training opportunity which involves
    employment, check with your international student adviser to
    determine if it qualifies as curricular practical training.

    Student Eligibility Requirements

    Employment Which Is a Required Part of Your Degree Program. If (1)
    you are a graduate student, (2) you are maintaining lawful F-1
    status, and (3) the proposed employment is a required part of your
    studies, you may apply for permission to engage in curricular
    practical training whenever your program requires your
    participation, even if it is immediately upon beginning your
    studies. Undergraduate students must have completed nine months of
    full-time study in order to be eligible for any form of curricular
    practical training.

    Employment Which Is Not a Required Part of Your Degree Program. In
    order to be eligible to apply for permission to work in a job
    which is not a required part of your study program, you must (1)
    be in lawful F-1 status and (2) have been a full-time student for
    at least nine months.

    English Language Students. Students enrolled in English language
    training programs are not eligible for curricular practical
    training.

    Part-Time vs. Full-Time Curricular Practical Training

    Part-Time Training. Employment for 20 hours or less per week while
    you are also enrolled for classes is considered "part-time"
    curricular practical training. The employment authorization
    written on the back of your INS Form I-20 ID (Student) Copy should
    therefore specify permission to engage in "part-time" training and
    you must be careful to limit your work to no more than 20 hours
    per week. There is no limitation upon the length of time you may
    participate in part-time curricular practical training but you
    must be simultaneously enrolled in order to maintain lawful F-1
    status.

    Full-Time Training. Employment for more than 20 hours per week is
    considered "full-time" curricular practical training and the
    employment authorization on your INS Form I-20 ID (Student) Copy
    should, in this case, specify permission to participate in
    "full-time" training. While in full-time training, you need not be
    enrolled for classes in order to maintain lawful F-1 status. There
    is no limitation upon the length of time you may participate in
    full-time curricular practical training but if you participate for
    twelve months or more, you will not be eligible for
    post-completion practical training (see next paragraph).

    Curricular Practical Training and Eligibility for Post-Completion
    Practical Training

    It is important that you understand that if you participate in
    twelve months or more of "full-time" curricular training, you lose
    eligibility to apply for twelve months of practical training after
    you complete your studies. Participation in "part-time" training
    programs does not effect your eligibility for post-completion
    practical training.

    Application and Authorization Procedures

    You should contact staff of your international student services
    office so that they may evaluate your situation and the proposed
    employment opportunity to make certain that both you and the job
    meet the eligibility requirements. Be sure to take your I-20 ID
    (Student) Copy with you to that office. If all eligibility
    requirements are met, you will complete part of INS Form I-538. 
    Your international student adviser will then complete the
    remainder of Form I-538 and authorize either part-time or
    full-time curricular practical training on your I-20 ID (Student)
    Copy. You must be careful not to continue employment beyond the
    date authorized on your I-20 ID (Student) Copy unless you apply
    for and are granted an extension of your permission to work.

    Employment Eligibility Verification

    When you begin work, you and your employer must complete a form
    entitled "Employment Eligibility Verification" (INS Form I-9),
    which the employer retains. The I-9 must be updated each time you
    receive a renewal of your work permission.

    Social Security and Other Taxes

    In general, F-1 students who have been in the U. S. less than five
    years are exempt from Social Security (F.I.C.A.) taxes. Your
    earnings are subject to applicable federal, state and local taxes. 
    Students must file a tax return on or before April 15 each year,
    which will determine if any of the withheld taxes can be refunded.

    A Note of Caution

    While INS regulations provide a variety of opportunities for you
    to be employed during your time in F-1 status, working improperly
    or without authorization is a serious violation of your status. 
    You should therefore consult with your international student
    adviser before taking up any employment. It is your responsibility
    to comply with all Immigration regulations which apply to F-1
    students. Staff in your international student services office have
    responsibility for advising and counseling you regarding your
    responsibilities. If you fail to comply with your
    responsibilities, you may not be eligible for benefits normally
    granted to F-1 students.

    Further Information

    Additional information on F-1 employment is available from the
    international student services office on your campus. Staff of
    that office are pleased to offer information, counseling and
    assistance on all federal regulations related to maintaining your
    student status.



    F-1 Handout EM-104
    Revised 01/92
    Government Regulations Advisory Committee
    NAFSA: Association of International Educators
-------------------------------------------------------------------

                    Post-Completion Practical Training
                                   for
                          Students in F-1 Status



    Purpose

    This handout is designed for students in F-1 status. It will
    provide you with information on a type of employment opportunity
    which is available for a maximum of twelve months after you
    complete a program of study.

    Definition of "Post-Completion Practical Training"

    Post-completion practical training is designed to provide you with
    an opportunity to gain actual employment experience in your chosen
    profession for a maximum of one year. Its purpose is to "round
    off" or complement your academic work.

    Eligibility Requirements

    The work must be directly related to your major field of study and
    it must be appropriate for someone having your level of education. 
    The work may be full time or part time, and may occur anywhere in
    the United States. In order for you to be eligible to apply for
    post-completion practical training, you (1) must have been in
    lawful student status for at least nine months and (2) must submit
    your application during a 120-day period based upon the date you
    complete all program requirements (see next section). Students
    enrolled in English language training programs are not eligible
    for practical training after completion of studies.

    Application Deadline

    You must first submit an application to your international student
    adviser during the 120-day period which begins 90 days before you
    complete your program of study and ends 30 days after its
    completion. If your international student adviser recommends that
    you be allowed to participate in practical training, you must then
    submit an application for an "Employment Authorization Document"
    (EAD) to the INS office having jurisdiction over the place you are
    living at that time. This application must be received by the INS
    during the same 120-day application period.

    Importance of the Actual Date you Complete Your Program of Study

    INS regulations refer to the date you complete all requirements
    for a program of study, not to the date you participate in
    graduation ceremonies and receive a certificate or diploma. The
    Service ignores your graduation date because it realizes that many
    students, especially graduate students in thesis or dissertation
    programs, may complete requirements for a degree any day during
    the year. This means that the last day of an academic term may not
    be the date you complete program requirements. Your lawful F-1
    status expires 60 days after the date you complete degree
    requirements and you are expected to leave the country by that
    date unless you file a timely application for practical training
    or make other arrangements to lawfully remain in the U. S.

    Application and Authorization Procedures

    Recommendation by Your International Student Adviser. With your
    I-20 ID (Student) Copy in hand, visit your international student
    services office. You will need to complete Section A of a Form
    I-538. If a letter from your academic adviser is required, you
    will be informed of that requirement by your international student
    services office. Upon the fulfillment of all application
    requirements, your international student adviser will complete
    Section B of the Form I-538 and "recommend" post-completion
    practical training on your I-20 ID (Student) Copy. Authorization
    by the Immigration Service. Your permission to begin
    post-completion training is not finalized until you have received
    an "Employment Authorization Document" (EAD) from the INS. You
    must submit (1) INS Form I-765, (2) a $70.00 filing fee and (3)
    your I-20 ID (Student) Copy (bearing the recommendation of your
    international student adviser) to the INS office having
    jurisdiction over the place you are living at that time. A
    personal appearance at that office is required so that your
    picture may be taken for the EAD. Consult with your international
    student adviser regarding this requirement since some INS offices
    may offer immediate "walk-in" service and others may require that
    applications be received by mail with a personal appearance
    scheduled at a later time. The INS work permission on the EAD will
    begin either on the date of completion of studies, as reflected by
    your international student adviser's recommendation on INS Form
    I-20 ID (Student) Copy, or the date the EAD is issued, whichever
    occurs later.

    Making a Decision Regarding Participation in Post-Completion
    Practical Training

    Only One Twelve-Month Period of Post-Completion Training Is
    Available During Your U. S. Studies. You are allowed to have this
    type of employment permission only once during your stay in the U. 
    S. in F-1 status. If you obtain permission for post-completion
    practical training after a bachelor's degree, for example, and
    plan to continue study for a master's and perhaps a doctoral
    program, you will not be eligible for post-completion practical
    training after completion of those graduate programs. Only two
    types of F-1 students have post-completion practical training
    rights restored after those rights have once been used: (1)
    students who spend at least a year outside the U. S. and then
    return in F-1 status; and (2) students who change from F-1 to
    another status, spend at least a year in the other status and then
    change back to F-1 status.

    Authorization May Not Be Rescinded. Once authorization to engage
    in practical training after completion of studies is granted, it
    may not be rescinded or cancelled. This means that, after
    post-completion practical training is authorized by the INS,
    unexpected delays in completing degree requirements, inability to
    find an appropriate job or loss of a job may result in loss of
    otherwise eligible time to work. Once permission to work for
    twelve months has been given, it is gone regardless of subsequent
    occurrences.

    Actual Date Practical Training Employment May Begin

    You may not begin work until all three of the following
    requirements are satisfied: (1) you have obtained an EAD from the
    Immigration Service, (2) the date is reached when the EAD
    authorizes employment to begin and (3) you have actually completed
    all requirements for your program of study.

    Change of Employer After Post-Completion Practical Training Has
    Been Authorized

    You may change employers after you have begun authorized
    employment provided the new job is (1) directly related to your
    major field of study and (2) appropriate for someone having your
    level of education.

    Travel Outside the U. S.

    Reentry provisions of the regulations require students in
    post-completion training to present (1) INS Form I-20 ID (Student)
    Copy, endorsed for travel by the international student adviser
    "within the last six months", and (2) the "Employment
    Authorization Document" (EAD). Students who do not meet both of
    these requirements may not be allowed to reenter the U. S. Be sure
    to consult with staff in your international student services
    office when contemplating travel outside the U. S. and reentry to
    continue post-completion training.

    Further Information

    Additional information on employment is available from the
    international student services office on your campus. Staff of
    that office are pleased to offer information, counseling and
    assistance on all federal regulations related to maintaining your
    student status.


    F-1 Handout EM-105
    Revised 01/92
    Government Regulations Advisory Committee
    NAFSA: Association of International Educators
-------------------------------------------------------------------

                            IMMIGRATION INFORMATION:
               LIST OF INFORMATION SHEETS AVAILABLE FROM THE OIES
                                   24 Jan 92


"Instructions for Sending Forms to the INS"

"Information Sheet Concerning On-Campus Employment of F-1 Students"

"Off-Campus Employment for F-1 Students"

"Information Sheet on Transfer of Schools for F-1 Students"

**"Curricular Practical Training for Students in F-1 Status"

**"Do I need to Apply for a Program Extension?"

**"Overview of Employment for Students in F-1 Status"

**"Post-Completion Practical Training for Students in F-1 Status"

"Information Sheet on Changing Levels of Study for F-1 Students"

"Information Sheet on Work Permission for People in J-2 Status"

"Going to Omaha to the INS"

"Information Sheet on Extraordinary Extensions of Stay for Scholars in Exchange
Visitor (J-1) Status"

"Information Sheet on Waivers of the Two-Year Foreign Residence Requirement"

"Information Sheet on Adjustment of Status (for Nonimmigrants in the United
States)"

"Information Sheet on Getting an Immigrant Visa on the Basis of Marriage to a
United States Citizen


**indicates an information sheet prepared by the Government Regulations Advisory
Committee of NAFSA:  Association of International Educators.
-------------------------------------------------------------------

                  U.S. IMMIGRATION AND NATURALIZATION SERVICE
                            F-1 STUDENT REGULATIONS
                                8 CFR 214.2(f)
                         "Federal Register," 29 Oct 91


    (f) STUDENTS IN COLLEGES, UNIVERSITIES, SEMINARIES, CONSERVATORIES,
    ACADEMIC HIGH SCHOOLS, ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS, OTHER ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS,
    AND IN LANGUAGE TRAINING PROGRAMS -- (1) ADMISSION OF STUDENT -- (i)
    ELIGIBILITY FOR ADMISSION.  A nonimmigrant student and his or her
    accompanying spouse and minor children may be admitted into the United
    States in F-1 and F-2 classifications for duration of status under
    section 101 (a) (15) (F) (i) of the Act, if the student:

    (A) Presents a properly completed Form I-20 A-B/I-20 ID, Certificate of
    Eligibility for Nonimmigrant (F-1) Student Status, which is issued by a
    school approved by the Service for attendance by foreign students;

    (B) Has documentary evidence of financial support in the amount
    indicated on the Form I-20 A-B/I-20 ID; and

    (C) For students seeking initial admission only, intends to attend the
    school specified in the student's visa except where the student is
    exempt from the requirement for a visa, in which case the student must
    intend to attend the school indicated on the Form I-20 A-B/I-20 ID.

    (ii) DISPOSITION OF FORM I-20 A-B/I-20 ID.  Form I-20 A-B/I-20 ID
    contains two copies, the I-20 School Copy and the I-20 ID (Student)
    Copy.  For purposes of clarity, the entire form I-20 A-B/I-20 ID shall
    be referred to as Form I-20 A-B and the I-20 ID (Student) Copy shall be
    referred to as the I-20 ID.  When and F-1 student applies for admission
    with a completed Form I-20 A-B, the inspecting officer shall:

    (A) Transcribe the student's admission number from Form I-94 onto his
    or her Form I-20 A-B (for students seeking initial admission only);

    (B) Endorse all copies of the Form I-20 A-B;

    (C) Return the I-20 ID to the student; and

    (D) Forward the I-20 School copy to the Service's processing center for
    data entry.  (The school copy of Form I-20 A-B will be sent back to the
    school as a notice of the student's admission after data entry.)

    (2) I-20 ID.  An F-1 student is expected to safekeep the initial I-20
    ID bearing the admission number and any subsequent copies which have
    been issued to him or her.  Should the student lose his or her current
    I-20 ID, a replacement copy bearing the same information as the lost
    copy, including any endorsement for employment and notations, may be
    issued by the designated school official (DSO) as defined in 8 CFR
    214.3 (1) (i).

    (3) SPOUSE AND MINOR CHILDREN FOLLOWING TO JOIN STUDENT.  The spouse
    and minor children following to join and F-1 student are eligible for
    admission to the United States if the F-1 student is, or will be within
    sixty days, enrolled in a full course of study or, if the student is
    engaged in approved practical training following completion of studies.  
    The eligible spouse and minor children of an F-1 student may be
    admitted in F-2 status if they present the F-1 student's current I-20
    ID with proper endorsement by the DSO.  A new Form I-20 A-B is required
    where there has been any substantive change in the information on the
    student's current I-20 ID.

    (4) Temporary absence  An F-1 student returning to the United States
    from a temporary absence of five months or less may be readmitted for
    attendance at a Service-approved educational institution, if the
    student presents:

    (i) A current I-20 ID properly endorsed by the DSO for reentry if there
    is no substantive change on the most recent I-20 ID; or

    (ii) A new Form I-20 A-B if there has been any substantive change in
    the information on the student's most recent I-20 ID, such as in the
    case of a student who has changed the major area of study, who intends
    to transfer to another Service-approved institution, or who has
    advanced to a higher level of study.

    (5) DURATION OF STATUS. (i) GENERAL.  Duration of status is defined as
    the time during which an F-1 student is pursuing a full course of study
    at an educational institution approved by the Service for attendance by
    foreign students, or engaging in authorized practical training
    following completion of studies, plus sixty days to prepare for
    departure from the United States.  The student is considered to be
    maintaining status if he or she is making normal progress toward
    completing a course of study.

    (ii) CHANGE IN EDUCATIONAL LEVELS.  An F-1 student who continues from
    one educational level to another is considered to be maintaining
    status, provided that the transition to the new educational level is
    accomplished according to transfer procedures outlined in paragraph (f)
    (8) of this section.

    (iii) ANNUAL VACATION.  An F-1 Student at an academic institution is
    considered to be in status during the annual (or summer) vacation if
    the student is eligible and intends to register for the next term.  A
    student attending a school on a quarter or trimester calendar who takes
    only one vacation a year during any one of the quarters or trimesters
    instead of during the summer is considered to be in status during that
    vacation, if the student has completed the equivalent of an academic
    year prior to taking the vacation.

    (iv) ILLNESS OR MEDICAL CONDITIONS.  A student who is compelled by
    illness or other medical conditions to interrupt or reduce a full
    course of study is considered to be in status during the illness or
    other medical condition.  The student must resume a full course of
    study upon recovery.

    (6) FULL COURSE OF STUDY. (i) GENERAL.  Successful completion of the
    full course of study must lead to the attainment of a specific
    educational or professional objective.   A "full course of study" as
    required by section 101 (a) (15) (F) (i) of the Act means:

    (A) Postgraduate study or postdoctoral study at a college or
    university, or undergraduate or postgraduate study at a conservatory or
    religious seminary, certified by a DSO as a full course of study;

    (B) Undergraduate study at a college or university, certified by a
    school official to consist of at least twelve semester or quarter hours
    of instruction per academic term in those institutions using standard
    semester, trimester, or quarter hour systems, where all undergraduate
    students who are enrolled for a minimum of twelve semester or quarter
    hours are charged full-time tuition or are considered full-time for
    other administrative purposes, or its equivalent (as determined by the
    district director in the school approval process), except when the
    student needs a lesser course load to complete the course of study
    during the current term;

    (C) Study in a post-secondary language, liberal arts, fine arts or
    other non-vocational program at a school which confers upon its
    graduates recognized associate or other degrees or has established that
    its credits have been and are accepted unconditionally by at least
    three institutions of higher learning within category (1) or (2) of 8
    CFR 214.3 (C), and which has been certified by a designated school
    official to consist of at least twelve clock hours of instruction a
    week, or its equivalent as determined by the district director in the
    school approval process;

    (D) Study in any other language, liberal arts, fine arts, or other
    nonvocational training program, certified by a designated school
    official to consist of a least eighteen clock hours of attendance a
    week if the dominant part of the course of study consists of classroom
    instruction, or to consist of at least twenty-two clock hours a week if
    the dominant part of the course of study consists of classroom
    instruction, or to consist of at least twenty-two clock hours a week if
    the dominant part of the course of study consists of laboratory work;
    or

    (E) Study in a primary school or academic high school curriculum
    certified by a designated school official to consist of class
    attendance for not less that the minimum number of hours a week
    prescribed by the school for normal progress towards graduation.

    (ii)  INSTITUTION OF HIGHER LEARNING.  For purposes of this paragraph,
    a college or university is an institution of higher learning which
    awards recognized associate, bachelor's, master's doctorate, or
    professional degrees.  Schools which devote themselves exclusively or
    primarily to vocational, business, or language instruction are not
    included in the category of colleges or universities.  Vocational or
    business schools which are classifiable as M-1 schools are provided for
    by regulations under 8 CFR 214.2 (m).

    (iii) REDUCED COURSE LOAD.  The designated school official may advise
    an F-1 student to engage in less than a full course of study due to
    initial difficulties with the English language or reading requirements,
    unfamiliarity with American teaching methods, or improper course level
    placement.  An F-1 student authorized to reduce course load by the DSO
    in accordance with the provisions of this paragraph is considered to be
    maintaining status.  On-campus employment pursuant to the terms of a
    scholarship, fellowship, or assistantship is deemed to be part of the
    academic program of a student otherwise taking a full course of study.

    (7) EXTENSION OF STAY. (i) GENERAL.  An F-1 student is admitted for
    duration of status.  The student is not required to apply for extension
    of stay as long as the student is maintaining status and making normal
    progress toward completing his or her educational objective.  An F-1
    student who is unable to complete a full course of study in a timely
    manner must apply, in a 30-day period before the completion date on the
    form I-20 A-B, to the DSO for a program extension pursuant to paragraph
    (f) (7) (iii) of this section.

    (ii) COMPLETION DATE ON FORM I-20 A-B  When determining the program
    completion date on Form I-20 A-B, the DSO should make a reasonable
    estimate based on the time an average foreign student would need to
    complete a similar program in the same discipline.  A grace period of
    no more than one year may be added onto the DSO's estimate.

    (iii) PROGRAM EXTENSION FOR STUDENTS IN LAWFUL STATUS.  An F-1 student
    who is unable to meet the program completion date on the Form I-20 A-B
    may be granted a program extension by the school, if the DSO certifies
    on a Form I-538 that the student has continually maintained status and
    that the delays are caused by compelling academic or medical reasons,
    such as changes of major or research topics, unexpected research
    problems, or documented illnesses.  Delays caused by academic probation
    or suspension are not acceptable reasons for program extension.  The
    DSO must notify the Service within 30 days of any approved program
    extensions by forwarding to the Service data processing center a
    certification on Form I-538 and the top page of a new Form I-20 A-B
    showing a new program completion date..

    (iv) FAILURE TO COMPLETE THE EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM IN A TIMELY MANNER.  
    An F-1 student who is unable to complete the educational program within
    the time period written on the Form I-20 A-B and who is ineligible for
    program extension pursuant to paragraph (f) (7) (iii) of this section
    is considered to be out of status.  Under these circumstances, the
    student must apply for reinstatement under the provisions of paragraph
    (f) (16) if this section.

    (8) SCHOOL TRANSFER -- (i) ELIGIBILITY.  An F-1 student who is
    maintaining status may transfer to another Service-approved school by
    following the notification procedure prescribed in paragraph (f) (8)
    (ii) of this section.  An F-1 student who was not pursuing a full
    course of study at the school he or she was last authorized to attend
    is ineligible for school-transfer and must apply for reinstatement
    under the provisions of paragraph (f) (16) of this section.

    (ii) TRANSFER PROCEDURE.  To transfer schools, an F-1 student must
    first notify the school he or she is attending of the intent to
    transfer, then obtain a Form I-20 A-B, issued in accordance with the
    provisions of 8 (CFR 214.3 (k), from the school to which he or she
    intends to transfer.  The transfer will be effected only if the F-1
    student completes the Student Certification portion of the Form I-20
    A-B and returns the form to a designated school official on campus
    within 15 days of beginning attendance at the new school.

    (iii) NOTIFICATION.  Upon receipt of the student's Form I-20 A-B the
    DSO must:

    (A) Note "transfer completed on (date)" on the student's I-20 ID in the
    space provided for the DSO's remarks, thereby acknowledging the
    student's attendance;

    (B) Return the I-20 ID to the student;

    (C) Submit the I-20 School copy to the SErvice's Data Processing Center
    within 30 days of receipt from the student; and

    (D) Forward a photocopy of the Form I-20 A-B School Copy to the school
    from which the student transferred.

    (9) EMPLOYMENT. -- (i) ON-CAMPUS EMPLOYMENT.  On -campus employment
    must either be performed on the school's premises, (including on
    location commercial firms which provide services for students on
    campus, such as the school bookstore or cafeteria), or at an off-campus
    location which is educationally affiliated with the school.  Employment
    with on-site commercial firms, such as a construction company building
    a school building, which do not provide direct student services is not
    deemed on-campus employment for the purposes of this paragraph.  In the
    case of off-campus locations, the educational affiliation must be
    associated with the school's established curriculum or related to
    contractually funded research projects at the post-graduate level.  In
    any event, the employment must be an integral part of the student's
    educational program.  Employment authorized under this paragraph must
    not exceed twenty hours a week while school is in session.  An F-1
    student may, however, work on campus full-time when school is not in
    session or during the annual vacation.  A student who has been issued a
    Form I-20 A-B to begin a new program in accordance with the provision
    of 8 CFR 214.3 (k) and who intends to enroll for the next regular
    academic year, term, or session at the institution which issued the
    Form I-20 A-B may continue on-campus employment incident to status.  
    Otherwise, an F-1 student may engage in any on-campus employment
    authorized under this paragraph which will not displace United States
    residents.

    (ii) OFF-CAMPUS EMPLOYMENT.  (A) GENERAL.  An F-1 student is authorized
    to work off-campus on a part-time basis after having been in F-1 status
    for one full academic year provided that he or she is in good academic
    standing as determined by the DSO and that the employer has filed a
    labor-and-wage attestation as required by section 221(a)(2) of Pub. L.
    101-649.  Part-time off-campus employment authorized under this section
    is limited to no more than twenty hours a week when school is in
    session.  A student who is granted off-campus employment authorization
    may work full-time during holidays or school vacation.  A student may
    accept off-campus employment only after his or her I-20 ID has been
    endorsed to that effect by the DSO.  The employment authorization is
    terminated whenever the student fails to maintain status.

    (B) PROCEDURE FOR OFF-CAMPUS EMPLOYMENT AUTHORIZATION.  An eligible F-1
    student may make a request for off-campus employment authorization the
    DSO on Form I-538, Certification by Designated School Official.  By
    certifying on Form I-538 that the student is eligible for off-campus
    employment in accordance with paragraph (f)(9) (ii) of this section,
    the DSO may authorize off-campus employment in one year intervals for
    the duration of a valid attestation as determined by the Secretary of
    Labor.  The off-campus employment authorization may be renewed by the
    DSO only if the student is maintaining status and good academic
    standing.  The DSO must notify the Service of each off-campus
    employment authorization by forwarding to the Service data processing
    center a Form I-538 with a copy of the labor attestation attached.  The
    endorsement on the student's I-20 ID should read "part-time employment
    with (name of employer) at (location) authorized from (date) to
    (date)."  Off-campus employment authorized by the DSO under this
    provision is incident to the student's status and employer-specific
    and, therefor, exempt from the EAD requirement.

    (C) ATTESTATION.  Section 221(a) of Pub. L. 104-649 provides that an
    F-1 student may be authorized to accept employment off-campus only if
    the prospective employer provides the educational institution with an
    attestation following the procedures set forth by the Secretary of
    Labor.  The employer must attest to the effect that it has actively
    recruited domestic labor for a least 60 days for the position and will
    accord the student worker the same wages and working conditions as
    domestic workers similarly employed.

    (iii) INTERNSHIP WITH AN INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION.  A bona fide F-1
    student who has been offered employment by a recognized international
    organization within the meaning of the international Organization
    immunities Act (59 Stat. 669) must apply for employment authorization,
    in person, to the Service office having jurisdiction over his or her
    place of residence.  A student seeking employment authorization under
    this provision is required to present a written certification from the
    international organization that the proposed employment is within the
    scope of the organization's sponsorship, an I-20 ID endorsed for
    reentry by the DSO within the last 30 days, and a completed Form I-765,
    Application for Employment Authorization, with the fee required in 8
    CFR 103.7 (b)(1).

    (10) PRACTICAL TRAINING.  Practical training is available to F-1
    students who have been lawfully enrolled on a full-time basis in a
    Service-approved college, university, conservatory, or seminary for at
    least nine consecutive months.  Students in English language training
    programs are ineligible for practical training.  An eligible F-1
    student may request employment authorization for practical training in
    a position which is directly related to his or her major area of study.  
    There are two types of practical training available.:

    (i) CURRICULAR PRACTICAL TRAINING PROGRAMS.  An F-1 student may be
    authorized, by the DSO, to participate in a curricular practical
    training program which is an integral part of an established
    curriculum.  Curricular practical training in defined to be alternate
    work/study, internship, cooperative education, or any other type of
    required internship or practicum which is offered by sponsoring
    employers through cooperative agreements with the school.  Students who
    have received one year or more of full-time curricular practical
    training are ineligible for post-completion practical training.  
    Exceptions to the nine-month in status requirement are provided for
    students enrolled in graduate studies which require immediate
    participation in curricular practical training.  A request for
    authorization for curricular practical training must be made to the DSO
    on Form I-538.  Upon approving the request for authorization, the DSO
    shall:

    (A) Certify the Form I-538 and send the form to the Service's data
    processing center;

    (B) Endorse the student's I-20 ID with "full-time (or part-time)
    curricular practical training authorized for (employer) at (location )
    from (date) to (date)"; and

    (C) Sign and date the I-20 ID before returning it to the student. A
    student may begin curricular practical training only after receiving
    his or her I-20 ID with the DSO endorsement.

    (ii) POST-COMPLETION PRACTICAL TRAINING.  (A) GENERAL.  An F-1 student
    may apply to the Service for authorization for temporary employment for
    practical training after completion of studies.  Post-completion
    practical training generally will be authorized on recommendation of
    the DSO, whether or not the student intends to continue another
    full-course of study after completing the authorized practical
    training.  Authorization for post-completion practical training may be
    granted for a maximum of 12 months and takes effect only after the
    student has completed the course of study.  In any event, a student
    must complete practical training within a 14-month period following the
    completion of studies.  An F-1 student may be authorized to engage in
    post-completion practical training only once for the duration of
    student status.

    (B) REQUEST FOR RECOMMENDATION FOR POST-COMPLETION PRACTICAL TRAINING.  
    A student may request recommendation for practical training during a
    120-day period which begins 90 days before and ends 30 days after the
    completion of the course of study.  A student must make the request for
    recommendation for post-completion practical training to the DSO on
    Form I-538, accompanied by his or her current I-20 ID.

    (C) ACTION ON REQUEST FOR RECOMMENDATION FOR PRACTICAL TRAINING. In
    making a recommendation for post-completion practical training, a
    designated school official must:

    (1) Certify on Form I-538 that the proposed employment is directly
    related to the student's major area of study and commensurate with the
    student's educational level;

    (2) Endorse and date the I-20 ID to show that post-completion practical
    training in the student's major field of study is recommended beginning
    on (date of completion of the course of study); and
    (3) Return to the student the I-20 ID and send to the Service data
    processing center the school certification on Form I-538.

    (11) EMPLOYMENT AUTHORIZATION.  As required by the regulations at 8 CFR
    274a, an F-1 student seeking practical training (excluding curricular
    practical training) under paragraph (f)(10) of this section may not
    accept employment until he or she has been issued an Employment
    Authorization Document (EAD) by the Service.  An F-1 student must apply
    for the EAD on Form I-765 at the Service office having jurisdiction
    over his or her place of residence during the same 120-day period when
    the DSO's are authorized to recommend practical training.  (The
    application process includes a required personal appearance).  The
    application for employment authorization must include the following
    documents"

    (i) A completed Form I-765, with the fee required by 103.7 (b)(1); and

    (ii) A DSO's recommendation for practical training on I-20 ID.

    (12) DECISION ON APPLICATION FOR EMPLOYMENT AUTHORIZATION.  The Service
    shall adjudicate the Form I-765 and issue and EAD on the basis of the
    DSO's recommendation unless the student is found otherwise ineligible.  
    The Service director shall notify the applicant of the decision and, if
    the application is denied, of the reason or reasons for the denial.  
    the applicant may not appeal the decision.

    (13) TEMPORARY ABSENCE FROM THE UNITED STATES OF F-1 STUDENT GRANTED
    EMPLOYMENT AUTHORIZATION. -- (i) A student returning from a temporary
    trip abroad with an unexpired off-campus employment authorization on
    his or her I-20 ID may resume employment only if the student is
    readmitted to attend the same school which granted the employment on
    his or her I-20 ID may resume employment only if the student is
    readmitted to attend the same school which granted the employment
    authorization.

    (ii) An F-1 student who has an unexpired EAD issued for post-completion
    practical training and who is otherwise admissible may return to the
    United States to resume employment after a period of temporary absence.  
    The EAD must be used in combination with an I-20 ID endorsed for
    reentry by the DSO within the last six months.

    (14) EFFECT IF STRIKE OR OTHER LABOR DISPUTE.  Any employment
    authorization, whether or not part of an academic program, is
    automatically suspended upon certification by the Secretary of Labor or
    the Secretary's designee to the Commissioner of the Immigration and
    Naturalization Service or the Commissioner's designee, that a strike or
    other labor dispute involving a work stoppage of workers is in progress
    in the occupation at the place of employment.  As used in this
    paragraph, "place of employment" means the facility or facilities where
    a labor dispute exists.  The employer is prohibited from transferring
    F-1 students working at other facilities to the facility where the work
    stoppage is occurring.

    (15) SPOUSE AND CHILDREN OF F-1 STUDENT.  The F-2 spouse and children
    of an F-1 student may not accept employment.

    (16) REINSTATEMENT TO STUDENT STATUS.  -- (i) GENERAL.  A Service
    director may consider reinstating an F-1 student who makes a request
    for reinstatement on Form I-539, Application to Extend Time of
    Temporary Stay, accompanied by a properly completed Form I-20 A-B from
    the school the student  is attending or intends to attend, if the
    student:

    (A) Establishes to the satisfaction of the Service director that the
    violation of status resulted from circumstances beyond the student's
    control or that failure to receive reinstatement to lawful F-1 Status
    would result in extreme hardship to the student;

    (B) Is currently pursuing, or intending to pursue, a full course of
    study at the school which issued the Form I-20 A-B;

    (C) Is not deportable on any ground other than section 241 (a)(1)(B) or
    (C)(i) of the Act.

    (ii) DECISION.  If the Service director reinstates the student, the
    director shall endorse Form I-20 A-B to indicate that the student has
    been reinstated, return the I-20 ID to the student, and forward the
    school copy of the form to the Service's processing center for data
    entry.  If the Service director does not reinstate the student, the
    student may not appeal that decision.
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Oh, I forgot to mention one more place that I should have.  There is a
mailing-list of NAFSA (National Association of Foreign Student
Advisors?) which *always* has the latest immigration/visa info.  The
mailing list had too much noise so it is not very convenient to be
subscribed.  

You can subscribe to the mailing list by mailing the following
message in the body (not header) of a mail message to
listserv@vtvm2.cc.vt.edu

add your_email_address inter-l
help
index

Note: the first line subscribes you to the inter-l mailing list, the
second will send you help for the listserver and the third will send
you the index of the archives.

You could send these commands as three different messages if you
prefer and you can omit any of these without affecting the other
commands.  The reason for the index command is that they maintain an
index of every message sent to this by month.  So you can get any
month's archives.

A lot of activity about off-campus employment had occurred in July,
1992 so you might want to get that months' archives.  

There is a limit on how much stuff you can retrieve daily so you might
need more than one day to get all the stuff.

Another useful newsgroup is alt.visa.us

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