HDTenEightyP/NetNews huggingface dataset:
From: amb43790@uxa.cso.uiuc.edu (Tony Brummett)
Subject: Need help with X and Paradise video (2nd try)
Organization: University of Illinois at Urbana
Date: Wed, 18 Nov 1992 04:14:52 GMT

  I asked this question a couple of days ago, but the response I got
didn't help...
  I found the manual for the video card, and in the back it gives a table
of horizontal and vertical sync frequencies. Are these the numbers I need
to know? If so, how do they relate to the timings that go in Xconfig?
And what exactly do the timing values stand for?
  My monitor only does 640x480 in 256 colors (for now)

For anyone interested (and can help me out), here are the tables:

Fixed frequency monitors:
Display Mode    H sync   V sync
  350 lines     31.5KHz  70.1Hz
  400 lines       "      70.1Hz
  480 lines       "      59.9Hz
  132 columns     "      70.1Hz

Multifrequency monitors:
Display Mode    H sync   V sync
  350 lines     31.5KHz  62.3Hz
  400 lines     28.0KHz  62.3Hz
  480 lines     31.5KHz  59.9Hz 
  132 columns   27.6KHz  61.5Hz
  600 lines     35.2KHz  56.2Hz
  768 lines     35.5KHz  86.9Hz

Thanks in advance.

--
Anthony Brummett     amb43790@uxa.cso.uiuc.edu  brummett@sparc1.cs.uiuc.edu
                        Sample Scheme Program:
(((((cadar '((cdr car) foo)) '(cdr car)) '(car . cadr)) '(car display error))
(list->string (cons (caddr '(Bar Hate I)) (cons (cadr '(You Hate)) '(Scheme)))))
-- 
Anthony Brummett     amb43790@uxa.cso.uiuc.edu  brummett@sparc1.cs.uiuc.edu
                        Sample Scheme Program:
(((((cadar '((cdr car) foo)) '(cdr car)) '(car . cadr)) '(car display error))
(list->string (cons (caddr '(Bar Hate I)) (cons (cadr '(You Hate)) '(Scheme)))))
Newsgroups: comp.os.linux
From: alovell@kerberos.demon.co.uk (Anthony Lovell)
Subject: linux activists mailing lists... 
Distribution: world
Organization: The Home for Three Headed Canines
Date: Sun, 22 Nov 1992 23:20:48 +0000


In article <1992Nov22.194316.15872@EE.Surrey.Ac.UK> eep1at@ee.surrey.ac.uk writes:

>
>In article <davem.722435972@extro.ucc.su.OZ.AU>, davem@extro.ucc.su.OZ.AU> (David Monro) writes:
>|> 
>|> Is something screwey with the linux-activists-request mailing list system?
>|> I have joined the scsi and 680x0 channels, and so far have got about 2 scsi
>|> messages and nothing else. Also a request for X-Mn-Info: user davem> produces:
>|> 
>|> [..]
>
>I've got the same impression. I joined the mailing list system for about 10> days
>and haven't received anything yet.
>-- 
>==================================================>=============================
>A. Tai,                                 | Phone: (0483) 300-800 Ext. 2309
>V.S.S.P. Group,                         | Fax  : (0483) 300-803 
>Dept. of Electronic and Electrical Eng.,        | Email:> eep1at@ee.surrey.ac.uk
>University of Surrey,                   | 
>Guildford,                                      | Janet:> eep1at@ee.surrey.ac.uk
>Surrey GU2 5XH                          |
>United Kingdom                          |
>==================================================>=============================
>
>
The Net channel's very quiet too ,so something must be up with the list
server

anthony

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
alovell@kerberos.demon.co.uk          |   If at first you don't succeed
                                      | 
alovell@cix.compulink.co.uk           |   Get a Bigger Hammer 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
From: kxb@cis.ksu.edu (Karl Buck)
Newsgroups: comp.os.linux
Subject: Re: Applications for Linux
Date: 21 Nov 92 18:53:09 GMT
Organization: Kansas State University
NNTP-Posting-Host: cygnus.cis.ksu.edu

ah017@yfn.ysu.edu (John B. Lee) writes:


>Are there any applications for Linux (i.e. spreadsheets, wordprocessors, etc.)?

xspread and sc are spreadsheets available for Linux. As for word
processors the only things I know of are TeX and doc. 

TeX, in case you do not know is an extremely powerful typesetting
program, and is quite nice once you figure out how to use it. The
downside to TeX is that it is not WYSIWYG and has a somewhat steep
learning curve. 

doc on the other hand is WYSIWYG, and runs under X. The problem with
doc is that is *extremely* slow (read: unusable) on slower machines.
One can wait as long as 30 seconds for words to show up on the screen
after you type them in. (I have a 386sx-25 :) This program is supposed
to have a new release comming out soon that will address its speed
problem. I hope it is useable since it showed a lot of promise when I
tested it the other day.

tsx-11.mit.edu:/pub/linux/binaries/usr.bin.X11/xspread1.1L1.t.Z
tsx-11.mit.edu:/pub/linux/binaries/usr.bin.X11/IV301doc.tar.Z

-- 
Karl Buck                  
kxb@cis.ksu.edu        
USGMRL 913.776.2745
From: rick@ee.uwm.edu (Rick Miller, Linux Device Registrar)
Newsgroups: comp.os.linux
Subject: Has anyone got "oleo" or "sc" running?  I've got SIGBUS troubles.
Date: 18 Nov 1992 19:24:20 GMT
Organization: Just me.
NNTP-Posting-Host: 129.89.2.33
Summary: How do I work around "SIGBUS" errors???
Keywords: diamond speedstar

I've been trying to compile "oleo" and "sc" (spreadsheet packages), but
ran into the same problem on both:  'SIGBUS' isn't recognized.

Has anyone worked around this?

Does anyone know *how*?  (I seem to remember seeing this, but
				I don't remember the answer.)

Rick Miller   <rick@ee.uwm.edu> | <rick@discus.mil.wi.us>   Ricxjo Muelisto
Occupation:  Husband, Father, WEPCo. WAN Mgr., Discus Sys0p, and  Linux fan
Newsgroups: comp.os.linux
From: crhoffma@iastate.edu (Chad Hoffman)
Subject: Basic requirements
Organization: Iowa State University, Ames IA
Date: Wed, 18 Nov 1992 04:59:58 GMT

Hello! I am a BIG fan of unix, hate DOS, and just found out about
linux. Well, believe me, I rejoiced. The only question I have before
I begin using it is, what are the recommended basic hardware requirements?
I have a 486DX/33 with 4 MB RAM and a 120 MB hard drive. Is this sufficient?
Thanks for the help.

Chad Hoffman
crhoffma@iastate.edu
From: ccasted@prism.gatech.EDU (Edward Deering Boykin)
Newsgroups: comp.os.linux
Subject: Hard rive installation (SLS)
Date: 20 Nov 92 17:04:09 GMT
Organization: Georgia Institute of Technology

I want to install my sls stuff but am having trouble. I boot from my a drive
then when prompted for which drive I wish to install from I specify
b: 31/2 floppy. ans insert my 'utilities' disk. All goes well to here.

My question are:

Can I still make my boot disk on the A: drive or do I commit myself to booting
off of b: when I install from there?

I have 70 meg of disk space I am using for Linux  When I make my first 
linux fdisk partition should it bee all of that or should I go ahead on
and make swap partitions and other parttions /x etc. or can I just use
tha one partition plus a swap for everything? I will be installing the enire
sls package once I get confirmation that the ATI ultra pro local bus works
with linux and x. So how would you out there set up your drive?

Thanks ....

Ed Boykin
ccasted@prism.gatech.edu

-- 
BOYKIN,EDWARD D    Wanna-be Experimental Aircraft Builder Extraordinare
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta Georgia, 30332
Internet: ccasted@prism.gatech.edu
	  gt5584e@prism.gatech.edu
Newsgroups: comp.os.linux
From: eric@tantalus.nrl.navy.mil (Eric Youngdale)
Subject: Re: Linux on EISA?
Organization: Naval Research Laboratory
Date: Tue, 17 Nov 1992 22:32:43 GMT

In article <BxtDxL.Fq@cosy.sbg.ac.at> wolfi@wiesel (Wolfram Stering) writes:
>I am running Linux (0.98.pl3) on an EISA-bus machine with an Adaptec  
>AHA1740 - SCSI-Controller and a Seagate ST1400 hd. 
>
>It works, but I had to configure the AHA1740 to use standard mode, using  
>IRQ 11, DMA-channel 5 and port 330H. Linux detects it as an AHA1542 and  
>uses slow mode (see FAQ.scsi in nic.funet.fi, in "docs" I think). I hope,  
>Drew is working on AHA1740 Enhanced mode support.

	The 1740 enhanced mode driver is included in the scsi drivers that are
now being alpha tested.  If you want to try it out, join the scsi channel,
and then ask me to tell you where the source code is.  I would prefer that
people using the alpha code be on the SCSI channel, because I tend to make
announcements there, rather than on c.o.l.

-Eric
-- 
Eric Youngdale
Newsgroups: comp.os.linux
From: ldstern@rodan.acs.syr.edu (Larry Stern)
Subject: Enough memory for X?
Organization: Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY
Date: Thu, 19 Nov 92 09:46:19 EST

Quick question: I have plenty of hard disk space but only 4M of ram.
Before I start ftping and downloading mult-megs of binaries for X11,
should I even bother?  The FAQ says 8M of ram are needed (required?),
but I'm wondering if I can get away with 4.

						Thanks,
						L. Stern
From: iwj@cam-orl.co.uk (Ian Jackson)
Newsgroups: comp.os.linux
Subject: Re: Packaging Linux
Summary: shutdown/sync login can compromise security
Date: 23 Nov 92 13:09:00 GMT
Organization: Olivetti Research Ltd

In article <By59LB.Mqy@watserv1.uwaterloo.ca> jjlawren@garfield.uwaterloo.ca writes:
>I personally think that it is very simple to have a login for shutdown (I
>do...why not for std release?) and then tell people...."when you are done
>using the system for the day logout all users and login as shutdown...wait
>10 seconds (for the message that its ok) and then turn off the machine."

I agree. Unfortunately the version of xdm I have (and probably every
other) seems to ignore inappropriateness of a user's login shell when
deciding what to do when they log in.

If, for example, you have a user "shutdown" with a uid of 0 and no
password, xdm simply starts up an xterm with their shell (shutdown, or
whatever) in it, together with a twm.  The default twm then allows
anyone to get up root shells (bash, etc.) if the shell in the xterm
doesn't complete and die immediately. I'm looking into a way of fixing
this problem and will post when I have figured it out.

I think there are various other programs that may read and
misinterpret the password file as well (ftpd?) - perhaps someone else
could comment.

In general a program shouldn't assume that a user may do arbitrary
things like transfer files, have shells, etc., unless their login
shell is in /etc/shells.
-- 
Ian Jackson  iwj@cam-orl.co.uk ..!uknet!cam-orl!iwj  These opinions are my own.
Olivetti Research Ltd, Old Addenbrookes Site, Trumpington St, Cambridge, UK;
Home: 35 Molewood Close, Cambridge, CB4 3SR; +44 223 327029.     +44 223 343398
Newsgroups: comp.os.linux
From: b7r4@jupiter.sun.csd.unb.ca (PATON  Mark A)
Subject: Linux TCP/IP
Organization: University of New Brunswick
Distribution: World
Date: Mon, 23 Nov 1992 03:49:55 GMT

Hello fellow Linuxers,

I have been attempting to get TCP/IP up and running on my system, I have had some success, but TCP/IP refuses to work correctly.  At the moment, I need only a loopback, however, soon  I will need to talk to other machines.

My Config...

Clone 486DX/50
8MB RAM
Maxtor 7213	210MB HD
Conner		120MB HD
Diamond Speedstar24X
WD8003 Ethernet Card

SLS 0.98 pl1
GCC 2.2.2d+Jump 4.1(I think...they came with the distribution)
OLWM V3.0
TCP/IP 0.8

 
When I run rc.net...

Spectrum -> 129.173.3.35
socket: Protocol not supported
socket: Protocol not supported
-r - bad address.
socket: Protocol not supported
starting /usr/etc/inet/inetd
staring /usr/etc/inet/named

It would seem that this command is the problem...
 
#config loopback 127.0.0.1

If  I attempt to connect to myself...
ftp 129.173.3.35
ftp: connect: Network is unreachable
ftp> 

What am I doing wrong ?......Thanks in advance for any help...

Newsgroups: comp.os.linux
From: ctpku01@mailserv.zdv.uni-tuebingen.de (Michael Kuch)
Subject: Re: SLS update
Organization: Comp. Center (ZDV) U of Tuebingen, FRG
Date: Fri, 20 Nov 1992 02:54:45 GMT

In <1992Nov19.180020.21295@relay.nswc.navy.mil> dplakos@nswc-wo.nswc.navy.mil (Daniel Plakosh) writes:

>In article <1efbi7INN6n@menudo.uh.edu> wjin@cs.uh.edu (W. Woody Jin) writes:
>>After reporting partition information, the system just hangs and
>>nothing happens.   What is wrong ?
>>
> My system does the same. I also would like to know what is wrong 
I have had the same troubles.
The solution was: There's no /dev directory on the root-harddisk. I don't
know why the installation program doesn't install the devices.
To get them you must boot SLS again from disk and stop the installation
process with "q" or ctrl-c.
Then you must mount your root-harddisk with
mount /dev/hda1 /user 
(insert for /dev/hda1 the device of your root-harddisk)
or if you had the extended filesystem on your root harddisk mount with
mount -t ext /dev/hda1 /user

Then enter "mkdir /user/dev" and "cp -af /dev/* /user/dev"

No type "sync" and reboot with the boot-disk created by SLS.

Because the dev-directory wasn't installed with SLS some of the zfix-files
aren't installed. I dont know which, but the installation program has claimed
some "could not chmod blablabla". You should install the fixes by hand after
you have done a boot from HD.

(This has worked for me, I don't know if this is THE solution :-)

Mike
From: jon@robots.ox.ac.uk (Jon Tombs)
Newsgroups: comp.os.linux
Subject: Getting memory maped ethernet to work.
Date: 17 Nov 92 05:50:47 GMT
Organization: Robotics Research Group, Engineering Science Dept, Oxford, UK.
Originator: jon@pericles.robots


I have been trying to get an SMC Elite16 card to work with the tcpip code
in linux, the card works fine in a 386/40 but in my 486/33 it always
reads rubbish from the card. The card works with PCNFS under dos so I can't
believe there is any memory contension, and the same card and kernel work
in the 386 so it can't be wrong configuration. 

The only explanation I have been given is that I have a 256K external cache,
and although I can disable it in the bios it is still caching the card's
address space.  Does this sound possible? Is there anyway to force the
address range to be not cached?  Any other possible explanations?
Does BSD do anything to avoid such problems?

Thanks in advance,

--
 Jon                    <jon@robots.ox.ac.uk>
                        "I got in today just as the sun was crashing"
Newsgroups: comp.os.linux
From: fcrews@WES.ARMY.MIL (FORD CREWS)
Subject: Telnetd
Organization: ITL
Date: Fri, 20 Nov 1992 21:18:40 GMT
X-Posted-From: ford.wes.army.mil
NNTP-Posting-Host: sol.ctr.columbia.edu

Is anybody else having problems with telnetd?  When I upgraded to .98p5 my 
telnetd stopped working.  I can telnet out but when I try to telnet back
to my linux machine it fails.  Also when I ftp to sunsite.unc.edu from
my linux machine and do a dir or ls I get can't bind port.  

Anybody know what's wrong!
From: gary@eddie (gary moyer)
Newsgroups: comp.os.linux
Subject: bug in .98pl5 -- bash builtin echo
Date: 23 Nov 92 06:09:25 GMT
Article-I.D.: pdxgate.6335
X-Newsreader: Tin 1.1 PL4

Looks as if bash's builtin echo is causing some trouble (relatively atleast).
I discovered this after upgrading for .97pl5 when, at boot, init would dump
core in the middle of sourcing the rc file (I had some echo's in for the
various daemons that were getting started).

BTW not using the 4.1 jump libs and associated re-released binaries.
Could this be the problem?

BTW2 please respond via e-mail -- my news gateway is hosed.

-g.m.
 
Newsgroups: comp.os.linux
From: bibhas@pico.engr.mun.ca (Bibhas Bhattacharya)
Subject: Re: Joe won't go
Organization: Memorial University of Newfoundland
Date: Wed, 18 Nov 1992 15:04:09 GMT

rchen@fraser.sfu.ca (Robert Chen) writes:

	Joe I love you so...
	Please don't go.

Bibhas.
--
	+==========================+=========================+
	| login name: DR. Jackyl   |  In real life: Mr. Hyde.|
	+==========================+=========================+
		          bibhas@pico.engr.mun.ca  
Newsgroups: comp.os.linux
From: davidre@ifi.uio.no (David Eric Reksten)
Subject: INTERNATIONAL characters under Linux?
Organization: Dept. of Informatics, University of Oslo, Norway
Date: Wed, 18 Nov 1992 11:53:45 GMT
Originator: davidre@kolsaas.ifi.uio.no


Hi,

I have noticed that although I recompile the kernel to take advantage
of my Norwegian keyboard, the special characters seems to be missing.
I have seen several other people wondering about this too, and would
very much like to hear from any of you, if you know the solution.

                                                o
The strange thing is that I can write 'ae' and 'a' (a-with-ring) while
typing my login-name. Afterwards, all I get from those keys are beeps.
The 'oh-slash' won't work at all... Weird. 

So what I miss, is some sort of replacement for the good ol' codepage
function in DOS. Any help appreciated.

Thanks in advance, 
.david, Ipsa sua melior fama
--
davidre@ifi.uio.no
David E. Reksten, Univ. of Oslo, dept. of informatics, Norway
Newsgroups: comp.os.linux
From: rchen@fraser.sfu.ca (Robert Chen)
Subject: Please help with TCP/IP
Organization: Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, B.C., Canada
Date: Mon, 23 Nov 1992 20:48:30 GMT

Hi.  I cannot seem to get my tcpip connection to work.  I am using
a SMC Elite 16T.  I edited Space.c so that memory end is d4000
(instead of d2000).  Is there anything else in Space.c that I need to
change? (Like the receive memory start/end maybe?) 

At boot up, linux recognizes my SMC card as 16 bit, 64 pages memory.
When I try to telnet out of my linux box, 
telnet 128.189.39.130 
I get "wd8003 transmit timed out" back immediately, then
more such messages every few seconds.  The receive light on the SMC
card is constantly blinking (recognizing the traffic on the net).  The
TX (send) light blinks once for each "wd8003 transmit timed out" message.
Eventually, telnet times out "unable to connect to remote host:
connection timed out".

If I telnet to 127.0.0.1 (loopback), I get connected almost instantly,
but also get the same "wd8003 transmit timed out" messages.  I get a
login prompt after about two minutes (why the wait anyway?)

Here is my set up.  I have a Sun at 128.189.39.130, and a nameserver
at 128.189.32.1.  My ip address is 128.189.39.153.  I don't have a
router (to my knowledge).  I am calling config like so:
config -r 0.0.0.0 -n 128.189.39.0 eth0 128.189.39.153

I am not running named locally (on my linux box).  resolve.conf and
hosts are set up by install.net script (nothing special about them).

I am running linux 0.98pl4.  I know there have been some changes to
the tcpip stuff in pl5 + Ross' new patches, but right now I just want to
get pl4 working (I doubt that upgrading will solve this particular
problem).  Right now I don't care if I can't telnet outsite my subnet,
nor do I care if I can resolve names.  I just want get 
"telnet 128.189.39.130" to work for starters.

I am using the new inetd from sunsite, new-telnet from nic, config.c
from tcpip0.8.1, services file from the etherFAQ, and install stuff
from tcpip0.8.

Does anybody know what I am doing wrong?  Here are some specific
questions I have:

-  Exactly what changes do I have to make to Space.c for an SMC Elite
16T?

-  Do I have to run named locally?  Why or why not?

-  How important is the router argument to config?  I know it is not
there for decoration, but I am unaware of any router on my subnet.
Would I need a router to telnet from 128.189.39.153 to 128.189.39.130
given that my nameserver is on 128.189.32.1?  

-  Is my network (-n) argument correct (128.189.39.0) given my above setup?

-  Am I missing anything (or any other information that might help you
help me?


Thanks for any help you can give me.  I am sorry this message is so
long.  

- Ken
From: dalew@twiki.UUCP (Dale Weber)
Newsgroups: comp.os.linux
Subject: UltraStor 14F SCSI / SLS 0.98 pl1
Summary: Doesn't see the 14F on IRQ 14 at all
Date: 18 Nov 92 07:34:33 GMT
Article-I.D.: twiki.a9BFuB4w165w
Organization: Wafflemania Unlimited - Portland, OR USA


    I did get my UltraStor 14F and have it working with everything except
Linux at present.  I haven't changed any addresses from the defaults
shipped with the controller and it's on IRQ 14.

    SLS 0.98 pl1 doesn't even see the controller, nor does HLU.  However,
the MCC 0.97 release sees it just fine.  I really want to install the SLS
version here, but apparently can't do that with pl1.

    Is there anyone else using the UltraStor 14F successfully under pl1?  I
am guessing the patches to get to pl4 or 5 won't do me any good unless I
already have pl1 installed and working, which doesn't seem to be possible
here.

    I'm running on a 386/40 with 16 Meg of RAM, the 14F host adapter, two
SCSI hard disks (Maxstor LXT213SY and LXT340SY, with the smaller drive as
the first one), and an Archive Viper 2150S tape drive.

    I don't have access to FTP, so can't get the files that way.  Any help
would be appreciated while I have time to fiddle with installing Linux.  So
I basically need to know where I can download (16.8K HST or 14.4K v.32bis
much preferred) the current A1 and A2 distribution disks for the latest
patch level of the kernel disks.  I'd prefer not to have to grab more than
I absolutely need to make the current patch level work here.  Thanks!

--
Internet: dalew@pdx.com  (Waffle Beta Site)  [  HST  ]  P r a i s e   t h e
Home BBS: +1(503)335-9600 at 2400 - 9600 Bps [v.32bis]        L o r d !
From: berk@techsys.mcws.fidonet.org (Berk Walker)
Newsgroups: comp.os.linux
Subject: Re: FIX: UUCP, !, bash and smail
Date: Sun, 15 Nov 92 08:31:34 PST
Organization: Private for Now

> While I'm whining, is there any documentation available to fill the
> gaping holes in the man pages?
> 
> --- 
> Bob Kirkpatrick <bobk@dogear.spk.wa.us>
> Dog Ear'd Systems of Spokane, WA 

I'll second that question.

Berk Walker                           berk@techsys.mcws.fidonet.org
From: ctne_ltd@uhura.cc.rochester.edu (Chris Newbold)
Newsgroups: comp.os.linux
Subject: Re: minicom broken under .98-5
Keywords: linux
Date: 17 Nov 92 14:44:05 GMT
Organization: University of Rochester - Rochester, New York

In <1992Nov17.062728.28748@magnus.acs.ohio-state.edu> dohm@magnus.acs.ohio-state.edu (Peter J Dohm) writes:

...

>/* here's where the bizzarities start to occur:
>if i put the same #ifdef DEBUG statement as before, it *never* gets printed...
>the only difference is that now the ip should be pointing to the beginning
>of the code to print the string, and the stack should contain a new pointer
>for reentry... 
>I'm not sure I understand why, but it just doesn't make it into this
>function correctly...
>can anyone venture a guess WHY?????
>the program hangs right at the beginning of this function... never returns.
>gone... dead...
>*/



>  wlocate(st, 0, 0);
>  wprintf(st, " %7.7sZ for help |           | FDX | Minicom %-9.9s |       | ",
>  	esc_key(), version);
>  mode_status();
>  time_status();
>  wlocate(st, 59, 0);
>  switch(terminal) {
>  	case VT100:
>  		wputs(st, "VT100");
>  		break;
>  	case MINIX:
>  		wputs(st, "MINIX");
>  		break;
>  	case ANSI:
>  		wputs(st, "ANSI");
>  		break;
>  }
>  ret_csr();
>}


Hmmm. This is really odd. This is how uugetty dies. The only difference is
that it never makes it into main (). The declaration is something like:

	main (argc, argv)
	int argc;
	char *argv[];
		{

If I run this under gdb, it dies with the ip from main pointing at the
char *argv[]. Odd. Really odd.

-Chris

-- 
>>>> Chris Newbold <<<< * "If you fool around with a thing for very long you *
University of Rochester	*  		  will screw it up."		     *
Disclaimer: "All warranties expire upon payment of invoice."                
ctne_ltd@uhura.cc.rochester.edu * uhura.cc.rochester.edu!ctne_ltd@uunet
Newsgroups: comp.os.linux