From: jewell@mace.cc.purdue.edu (Larry Jewell)
Newsgroups: soc.veterans,alt.war.vietnam
Subject: 'NamVet Newsletter, Vol.4, no.11 (4/6)
Date: 10 Oct 92 21:04:07 GMT
Organization: Purdue University


     herbicides  for  use  in controlling weeds  in  cash-crop  fields.  
     These  herbicides  were subsequently used for weed  control  along 
     railway  rights-of-way,  rangelands,  forests,   and  other  areas 
     requiring weed control and suppression.
     
     In 1957, scientists discovered and reported that 2,4,5-T contained 
     a  contaminant,   which  was  an  unavoidable  by-product  of  the 
     herbicides  manufacturing  process.   This  contaminant,  TCCD  or 
     dioxin  (2,3,7,8 Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin),  is the reason  for 
     concern  among Vietnam veterans exposed to Agent  Orange.   Dioxin 
     was  found  to be a potent carcinogen (cancer-causing  agent)  and 
     teratogen (fetus deforming agent)  when administered to laboratory 
     animals.  These tests were inconclusive as the results varied from 
     one type of animal to another, and even varied within a particular 
     species  of animal.   Five years after the discovery of  2,4,5-T's 
     dioxin  contaminants,  the  U.S.  Armed Forces began using  it  in 
     Vietnam.  In 1971,  the Environmental Protection Agency banned the 
     use  of  2,4,5-T on most food crops.   The use of Agent Orange  in 
     Vietnam was stopped by the Department of Defense.
     
     Vietnam   veterans   exposed  to  Agent  Orange  and  its   dioxin 
     
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     Volume  4, Number 11                           November 10, 1990

     contaminants have reported a variety of symptoms.   These symptoms 
     include: chloracne, chloracne-form lesions, liver damage,  loss of 
     sex  drive,  changes  in  skin  color and  sensitivity  to  light, 
     numbness  or tingling in the extremities,  psychological  changes, 
     sore joints, cancer (particularly soft-tissue sarcomas), and birth 
     defects in children of those exposed.  Agent Orange exposure,  and 
     the  uncertainty of the consequences of such exposure,  have  also 
     undoubtedly   caused  severe  anxiety-related  problems  for  many 
     Vietnam veterans.
     
     Military  and Civilian personnel in Vietnam were exposed to dioxin 
     and  other  chemicals  through  multiple  exposure  routes,  e.g., 
     inhalation  and  dermal  exposure from spray and  spraying  drift; 
     ingestion of contaminated food and water;  inhalation from burning 
     brush  which would likely release dioxin by pyrolysis of  2,4,5-t; 
     breathing  and ingestion of contaminated dust;  and in some cases, 
     the use of discarded pesticide drums for stoves, heaters,  showers 
     and storage containers.
     
     DIOXIN: Dioxin is a colorless crystal made up of oxygen, hydrogen, 
     and  chlorine  in a compound  2,3,7,8,-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 
     referred  to by most non-scientists simply as dioxin or  sometimes 
     abbreviated  as  TCDD.  Dioxin is a trace contaminant in the  herb 
     2,4,5-T  which was a main ingredient in several of the agents used 
     during  the ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^<-*  PLEASE NOTE * 
     defoliation program.   This abbreviation is perhaps an unfortunate 
     one for people familiar with chem.  nomenclature because dioxin is 
     another compound. The 6-numbered ring C4,H4,O2 is dioxin; when the 
     2  oxygen atoms occupy positions opposite each other in the  ring, 
     as  in the central ring of the compound shown,  it is  p-  dioxin.  
     The  compound  shown  is  a substitute p-dioxin  in  which  the  4 
     hydrogen  atoms  of the original compound have been replaced by  2 
     dichlorinated benzene rings,  The molecule has 4 chlorine atoms at 
     2,3,7,  and  8  ring positions:  4 hydrogen atom at 1,4,6,  and  9 
     positions.  The  concern of Vietnam veterans is the toxicity level 
     of the estimated 368 pounds (Young, 1978) of dioxin
     used in spraying missions in Vietnam between 1964 and 1975.
     
     The  toxicity of dioxin produced by the manufacturers varied  from 
     .02 parts per million [PPM] to 68 PPM, a difference of 3400 times. 
     The  Environmental  Protection Agency [EPA]  has  determined  that 
     dioxin is toxic to humans at the part per trillion [PPT] level.  A 
     comparison  of ppm and ppt is 1 ppm equals 1 drop of gasoline in a 
     28 gallon fuel tank.  1 ppt equals 1 drop of dioxin in a string of 
     railroad  tank  cars over 10 miles long.   The EPA  considers  any 
     exposure to dioxin toxic to humans (NIOSH Bulletin #40, 1984).
     
     In  drawing conclusions from this information it is very important 
     that  you understand clearly the relationship between the size  of 
     South Vietnam and the estimated 368 pounds of Dioxin (this is PURE 
     dioxin  here  and  not Agent Orange)  actually  contained  in  the 
     millions  of gallons of Agent Orange.   Then you must realize that 
     the EPA determined that Dioxin is toxic at the PPT level (part per 
     trillion)  and finally that just ONE PPT is equal to only one drop 
     of dioxin in a string of railroad tank cars over 10 miles long!
     
     If  you  have  read this article carefully I think that  you  will 
     understand the urgency of the situation.  Your health problems and 
     also  those of your children could very well be linked to exposure 
     
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     Volume  4, Number 11                           November 10, 1990

     to Agent Orange.  You may very well be one of the unfortunates who 
     come  down with one of the Cancers attributed to Dioxin  exposure.  
     You  may not live long enough to retire!   On the other hand,  you 
     may  be  one  of  those  who are not  affected  as  the  tests  on 
     laboratory animals have shown to happen.
     
     Once  again  I urge you to write letters and make phone  calls  to 
     your  representatives in Congress and the Senate and let them know 
     that you are fed up with the Government "foot-dragging" concerning 
     Agent Orange exposure and it's ill effects.   Tell anyone who will 
     listen  just what the truth really is and ask them to join in  our 
     efforts to force the Government to do the right thing.
     














































     NAM VET Newsletter                                        Page 46
     Volume  4, Number 11                           November 10, 1990

                      MORE THAN ONE POISON IN VIETNAM
                         By:  Martin H. Kroll, Sr.
                   NamVet's Agent Orange Section Editor
                Fort Mountain BBS - Chatsworth, Ga. 30705
                            (404) 695-8703
     
     Agent Orange is in the limelight but should Vietnam veterans be 
     concerned only with Agent Orange?  I think not!
     
     As the following list of 58 chemicals used by our government in 
     Vietnam will show, Agent Orange was only one of the poisons that 
     we were subjected to while serving our country in Southeast Asia.  
     Please bear in mind that this listing is only a partial listing.  
     Take a good look at the warnings and chemical structures contained 
     in the list and draw your own conclusions.  If you draw some of 
     the same conclusions that I have drawn, then we are indeed 
     fortunate to be alive going into the third decade after being 
     bombarded with this stuff. It makes me even angrier when I realize 
     that some of this stuff is still on the open market today! 
     
     I have noticed some discrepancies in amounts used as compared with 
     other Government figures.
     
     Source: VA, Review of Literature on Herbicides
             Government Printing Office, October 81
     
     Name [N]: Afalon CLASS/LABEL [C/L]: HERB (CAUTION)
     CHEMICAL NAME [CN]: 50% N-(3,4 dichlorophenyl)-N-methoxy 
                         mentheusea.
     USED FOR [UF]: Selective weed control
     MANUFACTURER [MFG]:
     USED BETWEEN [UB]: 1967 Australian tests
     AMOUNT USED [AU]: Under 5 gals
     
     N: AGENT BLUE
     C/L: HERB (CAUTION)
     CN: Hydroxydimethylarsine Oxide (cacodylate adic)
     UF: Rice crop destruction and to kill grass and bamboo
     MFG: Ansul Company
     UB: 64-71
     AU: 2,166,656 gals
     
     N: AGENT GREEN
     C/L: HERB (WARNING)
     CN: n-butyl ester of 2,4,5-T
     UF: Defoliation of jungle cover
     MFG: Bayer A G, Dow Chem, Union Carbide
     UB: 62-64
     AU: 8,2O8 gals
     
     N: Agent Orange
     C/L: HERBCIDE (Caution)
     CN: A 50/50 mixture of n-butyl ester of 2,4,-dichlorophenoxy
         acetic acid and 2,4,5,-Trichlorophenoxy Acetic acid
     UF: Defoiliation of jungle cover
     MFG: Hercules Inc, Dow Chem, Diamond Shamrock, TH Agriculture & 
          Nutrition Co, Thompson Chem Corp. Mansanto Co, Uniroyal Inc
     UB: 1964 and 4-70
     ANT USED: 10,316,929 gals
     
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     Volume  4, Number 11                           November 10, 1990

     
     N: Agent Orange II
     C/L: Herb (Caution)
     CN: A 50/50 mixture of n-butyl esters of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy 
         acetic acid and issocytl ester of 2,4,5-T
     UF: Defoliation of jungle cover
     MFG: Miller Chem & Fertilzer, Union Carbide, Vertac, Dow Chemical, 
          Diamond Shamrock, ICIANZ 
     UB: 68-69
     AU: 950,000 gals
     
     N: Agent Pink
     C/L: Herb (Caution)
     CN: 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxy acetic acid
     UF: Defoliation of jungle cover
     MFG: Dow Chem, Union Carbide
     UB: 62-64
     AU: 122,800 gal
     
     N: Agent Purple
     C/L: Herb (Caution)
     CN: A 50/30/20 mixture of n-butyl ester of 2,4-D, n-butyl, 
         N-butyl 2,4,5-T, and Iso-butyl 2,4,5-T
     UF: Forest defoliation
     UB: 1962-64
     MFG: Union Carb, Diamond Shamrock, Dow Chem
     AU: 145,000 gal
     
     N: Agent White
     C/L: Herb (Caution)
     CN: a 20/80 mixture of the triisopropanolimine salts of picloram 
         and 2,4-D acid
     UF: Forest defoliation
     MFG: Dow Chem, Union Carbide
     UB: 66-71
     AU: 5,264,129 gal
     
     N: Agral
     C/L: Wetting agent (None)
     CN: Nonylophenolethylene oxide condensate
     UF: A wetting and spreading agent for herb's
     MFG: ICI Plant Protection Div
     UB: 67
     AU: 12,500 gal
     
     N: Aldrin
     C/L: Inscticde (Warning)
     CN: 1,2,3,4,10,10-hexocholor-1,4,4a,5,8,8a,-hexahydroexo 
         1-4-endo-5,8,-dimethanonnnaphthalene not less the 95%
     UF: primarilly to control insects
     MFG: Shell Chem
     UB: 72-73
     AU: 15,400 pounds [lbs]
     
     N: Axodrin - 5
     C/L: Insct (Danger, poison)
     CN: Dimethyl phosphate of 3-hydroxy-N-methyl-cis-croto-namide, or 
         0, 0-dimethyl-0-(2 methylcarbamoyl-1-methyl-vinyl) phosphate, 
         or Phosphoric acid, dimethyl 1-methyl-E-methylamino)-3-oxo-1-
     
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     Volume  4, Number 11                           November 10, 1990

         propenyl ester
     UF: USAID fram prog insct used on potatoes, cotton, rice, a very 
         stable toxic mat'l 
     UF: control of flies, thrips, bollworms, and aphids
     MFG: Crystal Chem Inter-America
     UB: 72-73
     AU: 213,850 lbs
     
     N: Danex
     C/L: Herb (Caution)
     CN: 20% solution of 2-methoxy 3-6-dichlorobenzoic acid
     UF: Nonselective grass and weed killer
     MFG: ICIANZ
     UB: 67 Australian test
     AU: under 5 gal
     
     N: BHC
     C/L: Insct (Warning)
     CN: 1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexahlorcyclohexane; aka benzene hexachloride
     UF: Control of pests in cereals and sugar beets. Production or use 
         of BHC is prohibited in the US by the EPA 
     MFG: Hooker Chem; Woolfolk Chem
     UB: 72-73
     AU: 275,575 lbs
     
     N: Bidran
     C/L: Insct (Danger/Poison)
     CN: Phosphoric acid, di-methyl 1-methyl-n, 
         n-(dimethyl-amion)-3-oxo-1 ppropenyl ester, (E)-isomer-(9CI); 
         or dimethyl phosphate of 3-hydroxy-N-N-dimethyl-cis-
         crotonamide; or 2-dimethyl cis-2 dimethyl-carbamol-1-
         methylvinyl phosphate
     UF: USAID farm prog insct used for the control of pests on cotton 
         and control of ticks
     MFG: Shell Chem
     UB: 72-73
     AU: 84,800 lbs
     
     N: Binoctal
     C/L: Medication (Prescription)
     CN: A headache medication containing 50 meg of amytal (tradename 
         for amobarbital, a sedative and hypnotic) and 70mg of seconal 
         (tradename for secobarbital, a short acting barbitrate)
     UF: A French headache medicne, available withot prescription in 
         V'nam: when abused, it led to persistent neurological 
         disorders, sudden aggression, personality changes, and 
         disorientation
     MFG: A French product
     UB: 62 and 75
     AU: unk
     
     N: Borate Chlorate
     C/L: Herb (Warning/Danger)
     CN: Sodium tetraborate dechydrate and Na Cl O2
     UF: A non-selective herb and soil sterilant
     MFG: Kerr-McGee Chem Corp (Australian)
     UB: 67
     AU: 4,500 lbs (estimated)
     
     
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     Volume  4, Number 11                           November 10, 1990

     N: Bromacil
     C/L: Herb (Caution/Warning)
     CN: 5-Bromo-3-sec-butyl-6-methyuracil
     UF: weed and brush killer
     MFG: Hopkins Agriculture
     UB: 68-69
     AU: 16,500 lbs
     
     N: Butoxone 80
     C/L: Herb (Caution)
     CN: 80% butyl ester of 2,3,5-trichlorophenoxy acetic acid
     UF: Defoliant
     MFG: ICIANZ
     UB: 67 Australian tests
     AU: 44,100 lbs
     
     N: Cacodylic Acid (Phytar 138)
     C/L: Herb (Caution)
     CN: Hydroxydimethylarsine oxide or dimethylarsinic acid
     UF: grass, bamboo, and rice crop destruction
     MFG: Ansul Co
     UB: 62-64
     AU: 10,000 lbs
     
     N: Carbaryl (Selvin)
     C/L: Insct (Caution/Poison)
     CN: 1-Naphthyl N-methylcarbamate
     UF: control of insect pests on field crops, trees, poultry and 
         pets 
     MFG: Union Carbide Agriculture Products Co, Inc
     UB: 72-73
     AU: 72,750 lbs
     
     N: Chlorfurazole 8
     C/L: Herb (Caution)
     CN: 20% sodium salt of 4,5-dichloro-2-trifluro-methyl 
         benzimidazole
     UF: Herb
     MFG: Fisons
     UB: 67 Australian tests
     AU: under 50 gals
     
     N: Chlordane
     C/L: Insct (Warning)
     CN: 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,8-Octachlor-2,3a,4,7,7a-hexahydro-4,6-
         methanoindane
     UF: Sprayed for cockroach, termite, tick, and flea control, Banned 
         by the EPA in 75 for all domestic use
     MFG: PPG Industries
     UB: 62-72
     AU: 50,000 gals
     
     N: Cresote (Coal Tar)
     C/L: Wood preservative (Caution)
     Chem Properties: Relatively insoluble in H2O
     UF: wood preservative possessng a high toxicity to wood destroying 
         organisms and a low rate of evaporation
     MFG: Crowley Tar Products Co; Koopers Co Inc Organic Mat'ls; Los 
          Angeles Chemical Co
     
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     Volume  4, Number 11                           November 10, 1990

     UB: 62-71
     AU: Unk
     
     N: 2,4, D Acid
     C/L: Herb (Warning)
     CN: 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
     UF: Defoliant; also used in Agents Orange, White, Purple, and as a 
         separate defoliant
     MFG: Miller Chem & Fertilizer; Union Carbide; Vertac; Dow
     Chem; Diamond Shamrock
     UB: 72-73
     AU: 815,000 lbs
     
     N: 2,4-D Ester
     C/L: Herb (Warning)
     CN: A compound formed by the union of an organic acid and an 
         organic base (an alcohol). An example is 2,4-D & isoocytyl
         alcohol to form the isooctyl ester of 2,4-D
     UF: Defoliation of forest canopy
     MFG: Miller Chem & Fertilizer; Union Carbide; Vertac; Dow
     Chem; Diamond Shamrock; ICIANZ
     UB: 62-70 in AO mixes; 72-73 as a separate herb; 67 Australian 
         tests
     AU: 224,870 lbs (72-73)
     
     N: DDT
     C/L: Insct (Caution)
     CN: Dichloro, Diphenyl, Trichloroethane
     UF: Dusted to control rat fleas in quarters
     MFG: Montrose Chemical; Diamond Shamrock
     UB: 72-73
     AU: 2,253,100 lbs
     
     N: DDVP
     C/L: Insct (Danger/Poison)
     CN: 2,2-Dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate
     UF: Dusted to control rat fleas in quarters and pests in stored 
         grain
     MFG: Hopkins Agriculture
     UB: 72-73
     AU: 674,600 lbs
     
     N: Dalapon
     C/L: Herb (Caution)
     CN: 2,2-Dichlorpropionic acid
     UF: effective against annual grasses and brushes
     MFG: Dow Chem; Crystal Chem; Bayer
     UB: 72-73; 67 Australian tests
     AU: 121,250 lbs
     
     N: Dapsone
     C/L: Medication
     CN: 4-4' Diraminodipheylsufone
     UF: An experimental anti-malaria drug used in combat areas in 
         67-69.  Dapson is the drug of choice for treatment of Hansens
         disease (Leprosy)
     MFG:
     UB: 67-69
     AU: Unk
     
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     Volume  4, Number 11                           November 10, 1990

     
     N: DEET
     C/L: Insct Repellant (Caution)
     CN: N,N-Diethyl-m-Toluamide
     UF: Insect repellant, personal and clothing
     MFG: Chemical Formulators; Hercules
     UB: 62-73
     AU: Unk
     
     N: Del Defoliant 21
     C/L: Herb
     CN:
     UF: A defoliant preparation intended for causing leaves to drop 
         from crop plants such as cotton, soybeans or tomatoes, usually 
         to facilitate harvest. Used as a fire base defoliant
     MFG: Australian
     UB: 67-69
     AU: over 44,100 lbs
     
     N: Diazinoh
     C/L: Insct (Caution)
     CN: O,O-Diethyl O (2-isopropyl-4-methyl-6-pyrimidinyl) 
         phosphorothiote
     UF: Principality used for control of soil insects, also in rice 
         pesticide control
     MFG: Ciba-Geigy Corp Agricultural Div
     UB: 72-73
     AU: 1,016,320 lbs
     
     N: Dibrom
     C/L: Insct (Danger)
     CN: 1,2-Dibromo-2,2-Dichloroethyl dimethyl phosphate
     UF: Araricide insct used on numerous crops, flies, and in food 
         processing plants
     MFG: Chevron Chem Co; Ortho Agricultural
     UB: 72-73
     AU: 520,285
     
     N: Dieldrin
     C/L: Insct (Warning)
     CN: Hexachloro-epoxy-octahydroendo,exo-dimethanonaph thalene 
         (principal constituent, known as HEOD), with not over 15% 
         related compounds
     UF: Insect control around quarters
     MFG: Shell Internat'l
     UB: 64-71
     AU: 11,025 lbs
     
     N: Diquat
     C/L: Herb (Warning)
     CN: 1,1'-2-2'-Bipyridylium ion: or 6, 7-dihydrodipyridol
         (1,2-a:2,'1'-c) pyrazdiiumion present in formulation as the
         dibromide monohydrate salt
     UF: Defoliant - aquatic weed control
     MFG: ICI Plant Protection Div
     UB: 67-70; 67 Australian tests
     AU: 40,000 lbs
     
     N: Diuron
     
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     C/L: Herb (Caution)
     CN: 3-(3-4-Dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea
     UF: selective broadleaf herb and soil sterilant
     MFG: Hopkins Agriculture
     UB: 64
     AU: under 5 gals
     
     N: EPN
     C/L: Insct (Danger)
     CN: O-Ethyl O(4-nitrophenyl) phenylohoshonolhioate on ethyl p-
         nitrophenyl theonobenzenephosphonate
     UF: insect control such as rice stem borer and boll weevil
     MFG: EI duPont de Nemours & Co Inc
     UB: 72-73
     AU: 26,450 lbs
     
     N: Endrin
     C/L: Insct (Danger)
     CN: Hexachloroepoxyactahydro-endo,endodimethanona-phthalene 
         (principal constituent)
     UF: Insect control on cotton and small grains
     MFG: Velsicol Chem Corp
     UB: 72-73
     AU: 451,940 lbs
     
     N: Furadan
     C/L: Insct (Warning/Danger)
     CN: 2,3-Dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl methylcarbamate
     UF: insect control in living quarters
     MFG: Pillar Internat'l; FMC agricultural Chem Group
     UB: 73
     AU: 103,620 lbs
     
     N: Gardona
     C/L: Insct (Caution)
     CN: (Z) isomer of the compound 2-chloro-1-(2,4,5 trichloropheny) 
         vinyl dimethyl phosphate
     UF: major pests on cotton, corn, and stored grain
     MFG: Shell Internat'l Chem Co
     UB: 72-73
     AU: 26,450 lbs
     
     N: Lindane
     C/L: Insct (Warning)
     CN: Gamma isomer of 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocy-clohexane
     UF: a powder used in living quarters for roaches and around rat 
         burrows for fleas
     MFG: Celamerck Gmbh & Co KG
     UB: 72-73
     AU: 46,300 lbs
     
     N: Malathion
     C/L: Insct (Caution)
     CN: O,O-dimethyl phosphorodithoate of diethylmercapto succinate or 
         diethylmercaptosuccinate, S-ester with O,O-dimethyl 
         phosphorodithioate
     UF: roach and pest control in living quarters
     MFG: American Cyanamid Co
     UB: 72-73
     
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     Volume  4, Number 11                           November 10, 1990

     AU: 1,380,080 lbs
     
     N: Maneb
     C/L: Fungicide (Caution)
     CN: Manganese ethylenebisdithiocarbamate
     UF: Blight on tomatoes and potatoes
     MFG: Crystal Chem Inter-American; Cumberland Internat'l Co
     UB: 72-73
     AU: 485,000 lbs
     
     N: Methyl Parathion
     C/L: Insct (Danger)
     CN: O,O-dimethyl-O-p-nitrophenyl phosphorothioato
     UF: broad use insect control
     MFG: Kerr McGee Chem
     UB: 72-73
     AU: 343,920 lbs
     
     N: Mirex
     C/L: Insct (Warning)
     CN: Dodecachlorooctahydro-1,3,4-metheno-2 N-cyclobuta (cd) 
         pentalene
     UF: General purpose insct
     MFG: Allied Chem Corp
     UB:
     AU:
     
     N: Nonuron
     C/L: Herb (Caution)
     CN: 3-(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea
     UF: Soil Sterilant
     MFG: Hopkins Agricultural chem Co
     UB:
     AU:
     
     N: Paraquat
     C/L: Herb (Danger/Poison)
     CN: 1,1-dimethyl-4-4'-bipyridinium ion; present as the dichloride 
         salt (ICI/Chevron) or dimethyl sulfate salt
     UF: Contract herb and dessicant (Extremely toxic)
     MFG: Ortho
     UB: 67
     AU: 330 lbs
     
     N: Phosphamidon
     C/L: Insct(Poison)
     CN: O,O-dimethyl O-(2-chloro-2-diethylcarbamoyl-1-methyl-vinyl) 
         phosphate
     UF: Insect control in quarters, stores, etc
     MFG: Chevron Chem Co; Ortho Agricultural Chems Div
     UB: 72-73
     AU: 41,900 lbs
     
     N: Phosvel
     C/L: Insct (Warning)
     CN: O-(4-Bromo-2,5-dichlorophenyl) O-methylphenlphos phonothioate
     UF: Insect control in grain storage and warehouses
     MFG: Velsicol Chem Corp
     UB: 72-73
     
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     AU: 41,900 lbs
     
     N: Icloram
     C/L: Herb (Caution/Warning)
     CN: 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid
     UF: Herb against a wide variety of deep rooted herbaceous weeds 
         and woody plants, also used in Agent White
     MFG: Dow Chem Co
     UB: 66-71
     AU: 5,274,129 gals (2,650 lbs in 68)
     
     N: Polybor Chlorate
     C/L: Herb (Caution)
     CN: 73% disodium octaborate tetrahydrate and 25% sodium chlorate
     UF: Non-selective weed and grass killer
     MFG: US Borax
     UB: 66-67
     AU: 68,500 lbs
     
     N: Primatol A
     C/L: Herb (Caution)
     CN: 2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6 isopropye-amino-1:3:5-trazine
     UF: Selective herb
     MFG: Geigy
     UB: 67 Australian tests
     AU: under 5 gals
     
     N: Pyrethrins
     C/L: Insct (Caution)
     CN: a botanical insct with active principles of pyrethrins, 
         cinerins, and jasmolins I and II
     UF: Stock, sprays, pet sprays, and food warehouses
     MFG: Fairfield American Corp, McLaughlin Gormley King Co; Printiss 
          Drug & Chem Co
     UB:
     AU:
     
     N: Tandex
     C/L: Herb (Caution)
     CN: m-(3,3-dimethylureido) phenyl-tert-butylcarbamate
     UF: Broad spectrum defoliant for weeds and brush
     MFG: FMC Corp
     UB:
     AU:
     
     N: Trinoxol
     C/L: Herb (Caution)
     CN: 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxy acetic acid, and 49% butoxy ethanol 
         ester of 2,4,5-T
     UF: Selective herb for brush control
     MFG: Union Carbide
     UB:
     AU:
     
     N: Urox 22
     C/L: Herb (Caution/Warning)
     CN: 3-(p-chlorophenyl)-1-1dimethylureatrichloroacetate
     UF: soil sterilant - long lasting
     MFG: Hopkins Agricultural Chem Co
     
     NAM VET Newsletter                                        Page 55
     Volume  4, Number 11                           November 10, 1990

     UB:
     AU:
     
     N: Weedazole
     C/L: Herb (Caution)
     CN: 3-Amino-1,2,4-traizole
     UF: control of annual grasses and broadleaf leaves
     MFG: Geigy
     UB: 67 Australian tests
     AU: under 5 gals
     
     N: Zinc Phosphide
     C/L: Rodenticide (Danger/Warning)
     CN: Zn3 P2
     UF: Mice, rat, rodent control
     MFG: Hopkins; Bell Laboratories Inc
     UB: 72-73
     AU: 99,200
     
     N: Zineb
     C/L: Fungicide (Caution)
     CN: Zinc ethylenebisdithiocarbamate
     UF: control of mites on citrus
     MFG: Bayer AG; Farmoplant SPA; FMC Corp Agricultural Chem Group
     UB: 72-73
     AU: 257,940 lbs
     
































     NAM VET Newsletter                                        Page 56
     Volume  4, Number 11                           November 10, 1990

             Zumwalt Suggests Link with 27 Diseases/Disorders!
                         Input by: Clarence Smith
                *Chrysalis* Multi-User BBS - Dallas, Texas
                              (214) 349-9397  
     
       On May 5, l990, retired Navy Admiral Elmo R. Zumwalt, Jr.  filed 
     a  report with Secretary of Veterans Affairs Edward  J.  Derwinski 
     regarding  the available medical and scientific materials on human 
     exposure  to dioxin contaminants found in Agent  Orange.   Admiral 
     Zumwalt  concluded  that the body of studied literature  indicates 
     that  a  significant number of adverse health effects suffered  by 
     Vietnam veterans are more likely than not service-connected. 
       The  health  effects  that  he linked to Agent Orange  are  non-
     Hodgkin's  disease,  neurological  defects,  birth  defects,  soft 
     tissue sarcoma,  chloracne and other skin disorders including skin 
     cancer,  liver  disorders,   porphyria  cutanea  tarda,   Hodgkins 
     disease, leukemia,  kidney cancer,  testicular cancer,  pancreatic 
     cancer,  stomach  cancer,  prostate cancer,  colon  cancer,  liver 
     cancer,    brain   cancer,    psychosocial   effect,    autoimmune 
     disease/disorders,  gastrointestinal  diseases,  multiple myeloma, 
     lip  cancer,  bone  cancer,  lung cancer,  hematopoetic  diseases, 
     nasal/pharyngeal/esophogeal cancer, and malignant melanoma. 
       In  March 1990,  the VA announced that it would  service-connect 
     non-Hodgkins  lymphoma based on Vietnam service.   In May 1990 the 
     VA  indicated it would service connect soft tissue sarcomas  based 
     on exposure to dioxin-containing herbicides. 
                    
       For  those who don't know Adm.  Zumwalt ordered the spraying  of 
     Agent  Orange.  Also  his son,  who was serving in country at  the 
     time, died several years ago of non-Hodgkins lymphoma...  a direct 
     result of Agent Orange. 
                
     Copies of the Agent Orange Review may be obtained from: 
                      Department of Veterans Affairs 
                      Data Processing Center(200/397) 
                      1615 East Woodward Street 
                      Austin, Tx  78772 
                  
       Important  Information  for  those interested  in  Agent  Orange 
     Disability  Compensation or Dependency and Indemnity  Compensation  
     (DIC):  The court decision in the lawsuit of Nehmer v US  Veterans 
     Administration  712F Supp, 1404 (N.D. cal 1989), (Nehmer lawt).   
       On May 3 1989,  US District Judge Thelton Henderson overturned a 
     portion  of  VA's regulation covering disability and death  claims 
     based on Agent Orange/dioxin exposure and all benefit denials made 
     under those regulations. 
       As  a  result  the VA has begun to create regulations  to  cover 
     Agent Orange-related claims. 
     
     Questions can be answered by the VA or:
                 Counsel for Plaintiffs's Class 
                 National Veterans Legal Services project 
                   Att. Nehmer Class Information 
                 200 S. Street N.W. - Suite 610 
                 Washington, D.C.  20009
     



     NAM VET Newsletter                                        Page 57
     Volume  4, Number 11                           November 10, 1990



     =================================================================
                   T h e   F e w   b u t   S p e c i a l
     =================================================================

                 National Women Veterans Recognition Week
     
                      DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS
                  Office of Public Affairs - News Service
                    Washington DC 20420  (202) 233-2741
     
     President  Bush has signed a Congressional resolution  proclaiming 
     the week of Nov. 11 as "National Women Veterans Recognition Week."  
     The  observance is intended to focus attention on the  significant 
     contributions and sacrifices of women in the Armed Forces.
     
     "Women  veterans  have contributed greatly to the security of  the 
     nation  through honorable military service,  which often  involved 
     great   hardship   and  danger,"   the  President  said   in   his 
     proclamation.
     
     Women  veterans also are performing a wider range of duties in the 
     military,  as  demonstrated recently by the activities of women in 
     the  military  action in Panama and their presence in the  current 
     Middle East situation.
     
     Secretary of Veterans Affairs Edward J. Derwinski has urged all VA 
     facilities  to  conduct observances to celebrate this week and  to 
     initiate  appropriate  projects to emphasize VA's role in  serving 
     women veterans.
     
     "While  the total veteran population will decline gradually in the 
     years ahead,  the number of women veterans will grow as the number 
     of  women  on active duty in the Armed Forces continues to  rise," 
     said Derwinski.  Currently, women veterans comprise 4.5 percent of 
     the 27.2 million veterans in the United States and Puerto Rico.
     























     NAM VET Newsletter                                        Page 58
     Volume  4, Number 11                           November 10, 1990

                               SISTER SEARCH
                   Vietnam Womens Memorial Project, Inc.
      2001 S Street NW Suite 502  Washington, DC  20009  202/328-7253
     
     The  Vietnam  Women's  Memorial Project's  "SISTER  SEARCH"  is  a 
     program  designed  to locate the military and civilian  women  who 
     served their country during the Vietnam War.
     
     The  goals of "SISTER SEARCH"  are to facilitate hope and  healing 
     among women veterans; to provide a network for them; and to assist 
     research efforts on women who served during the Vietnam War.
     
     Vietnam   era  women  veterans  are  asked  to  provide  as   much 
     information  as they feel comfortable sharing.   Although  "Sister 
     Search" is NOT a locater service,  should an inquiry be made as to 
     the  whereabouts  of  a  person included in  the  "SISTER  SEARCH" 
     database,  the  VWMP will pass the inquiry along in writing to the 
     individual,  allowing  her  to  decide whether she would  like  to 
     respond.  If the individual is deceased,  the inquiry will be sent 
     to the closest family member identified by the VWMP.
     
     All   women  veterans  in  the  "SISTER  SEARCH"   database   will 
     periodically  receive  information  on the Project's  program  and 
     ultimately  receive an invitation to the dedication ceremonies  in 
     Washington, D.C.
     
     The  Vietnam Women's Memorial Project is a  non-profit,  volunteer 
     organization  with the three-fold purpose of educating the  public 
     about  the women who served during the Vietnam ear;  locating  and 
     providing  a  network  for these women;  and placing  a  realistic 
     representation  of  a Vietnam woman veteran on the grounds of  the 
     Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, D.C.  The Project has the 
     support  of every major veterans group in America,  including  the 
     Vietnam Veterans Memorial Fund.
     
     For more information, contact:  "SISTER SEARCH"
                                     Vietnam Women's Memorial Project
                                     2001 S Street, N.W.  - Suite 302
                                     Washington, D.C.  20009
     
     


















     NAM VET Newsletter                                        Page 59
     Volume  4, Number 11                           November 10, 1990

                               SISTER SEARCH
                   Vietnam Womens Memorial Project, Inc.
      2001 S Street NW Suite 502  Washington, DC  20009  202/328-7253
     
                                  (If different)
     Name: ______________________ Vietnam Era Name: __________________
     Address:____________________________ Work #: (   ) ______________
     City:__________  State __  Zip:_____ Home #: (   ) ______________
     Service Organization: ___________________________________________
     In Country (Vietnam) Assignment #1: _____________________________
     Start Date: _______________________  End Date: __________________
     Assignment #2: __________________________________________________
     Start Date: ________________________ End Date: __________________
     Assignment #3 ___________________________________________________
     Vietnam Era (1959-1975) Assignment: _____________________________
     Start Date: ________________________ End Date: __________________
     
     The Project receives inquiries from press and researchers in 
     search of Vietnam era women veterans who are willing to share 
     their experiences.  Your participation as a 
     press/research/education contact is strictly optional.
     
     I authorize the Vietnam Women's Memorial Project to release my 
     name to individuals or organizations who are seeking information 
     on Vietnam era women veterans for press inquiries, research, or 
     educational activities.
                                        ___________________  __________
                                        Signature            Date
     
     I authorize the Vietnam Women's Memorial Project to release my 
     name to the National Volunteer Coordinator and the State 
     Coordinator in my area.
                                        ____________________ __________
-- 
#L.W. Jewell Moderator at the Veterans Information Site (veteran@cc.purdue.edu)#
#& WWII-L Listowner: "Sunday's horoscope is note worthy because of its strange,#
#sudden and wholly unpredictable and inexplicable occurrences, affecting all   #
#phases of life." "Your Horoscope" L.A. Evening Herald Express, Sat, 12/06/41  #
Newsgroups: soc.veterans