HDTenEightyP/NetNews huggingface dataset:
From: hughes@dogwood.botany.uga.edu (Wayne Hughes)
Subject: Re: VILLAGE OF THE DAMMNE
Organization: Botany Department - U of Georgia, Athens
Date: Fri, 1 Jan 1993 16:26:52 GMT

In article <1796.360.uupcb@brent.uucp> jeff.kling@brent.uucp (Jeff Kling)  writes:
>-> but the plot is pretty illogical ( ie. no explanation
>-> for the existence of the children at all) and a silly ending.
>
>They didn't explain how they survived the first movie?!!!!!  Then I
>won't bother to see it.  One thing I can't stand is the rationale that,

  Trivial.  There were lots of groups of Children, this was made
  clear even in the movie version of _The Midwich Cuckoos_.  Just
  because Zellaby managed to destroy his group, doesn't mean
  that other groups didn't survive completely or partially intact.
  
  Did CofD, or did it not, allow the individuals of one group to
  interact with individuals of another group as if they were
  a single consciousness?  TMC specified a more segregated
  consciousness structure that didn't allow even the Boy and Girl
  to share consciousness, though they were of the same group.
  
  John Wyndham is easily one of my favorite writers.  His dry
  wit and style survive well over the thirty or forty years
  since his writing.

  Wayne
From: beck@qtp.ufl.edu (Sullivan Beck)
Newsgroups: rec.arts.sf.misc
Subject: Oathblinded by Mercedes Lackey?
Date: 31 Dec 92 20:52:06 GMT
Organization: Quantum Theory Project, University of Florida


I got a list of all the things Mercedes Lackey has written, and it
says that she was going to release a third book in the Vows and Honor
set called Oathblinded.  Does anyone know when this book is going to
be released?
  Thanks for any info
  S. Beck (beck@qtp.ufl.edu)
From: electro@access.digex.com (Gary Ehrlich)
Newsgroups: rec.arts.sf.misc
Subject: Re: SF Stories that forshadow the break down of eastern Europe
Date: 24 Dec 1992 03:06:27 GMT
Organization: Express Access Online Communications, Greenbelt, MD USA
NNTP-Posting-Host: access.digex.com


Ben Bova's VOYAGERS II (I *think*, either that one or III) predicted
the fall, in almost the correct order, in 1986.  Now, I admit this
is a bit close to the actual events, so some of the early signs may
have been evident by then (don't quote me on that, I'm no historian).
But it's the only example that comes to mind.

-- 
     ELECTRO   | Gary J. Ehrlich           | "Real filkers don't document;
    E_____     |                           |  if it was hard to write it   
   E           | electro@access.digex.com  |  should be hard to scan" 
  ELECTRO      | G. EHRLICH on GEnie       |          
Newsgroups: rec.arts.sf.misc
From: YANJUNA@YaleVM.YCC.Yale.Edu
Subject: Re: SF Stories that forshadow the break down of eastern Europe
Organization: Yale University
Date: Thu, 31 Dec 92 21:01:26 EST

In article <1992Dec24.084643.9756@ac.dal.ca>
01fortec@ac.dal.ca writes:
 
>
>In article <22122308513407@vms2.macc.wisc.edu>, PHKAVENY@MACC.WISC.EDU (Philip E. Kaveny) writes:
>>
>> 	I am not sure if this is the proper way to post this question, but what
>> the heck. Does anyone out there know of any SF Stories that foreshadow the break
>> down or up of Soviet Eastern Europe.
>
>
>I don't know if anybody ever really dealt with the breakup of the Soviet
>Union specifically.
>
>I do recall reading a book dealing with an isolated America (U.S.) after the
>fall of Western Europe to communism. It was more a study of what happens when
>a state isolates itself completely from the rest of the world. Ironically,
>over the hundred years or so that pass between the fall of the West and the
>re-opening of America, the US had  become a ideological dictatorship, sort of
>McCarthyist eutopia, while the rest of the world had pretty well become a
>single government, generally capitalist society. It was weird.
>
 
   "If This Goes On" by Robert A. Heinlein?
      If it isn't, can anybody post or e-mail me the title?
 
   Junsok Yang (YANJUNA@YaleVM.YCC.Yale.Edu)
>
Newsgroups: rec.arts.sf.misc
From: rkh@ucs.att.com (Bob Halloran)
Subject: Re: Oathblinded by Mercedes Lackey?
Organization: AT&T Universal Card Services, Jacksonville FL
Date: Sat, 2 Jan 1993 22:09:06 GMT

In article <BECK.92Dec31155206@orange.qtp.ufl.edu> beck@qtp.ufl.edu (Sullivan Beck) writes:
>I got a list of all the things Mercedes Lackey has written, and it
>says that she was going to release a third book in the Vows and Honor
>set called Oathblinded.  Does anyone know when this book is going to
>be released?

For that matter, when she appeared at Crackercon here last spring there
were plans for another Diana Tregarde occult mystery to surface in fall
of '92, working title 'Triangle Park'.  Wha' happened?  PLEASE don't
tell me she got too tied up with all these co-authored RPG travesties
to finish it up?

	Bob Halloran
	AT&T Universal Card
	Jacksonville FL

	rkh@ucs.att.com
Any similarity between opinions stated here and AT&T's 
  corporate opinion are purely coincidental.

"How can you tell a politician is lying?  His lips move..."
	-- M-m-max Headroom
"Read my lips - no new taxes" -- George H. W. Bush, 1988
Newsgroups: rec.arts.sf.misc
From: trumpins@alexia.lis.uiuc.edu (Barbara Trumpinski)
Subject: Re: Where is list of sf references to AI ?
Organization: University of Illinois at Urbana
Date: Sun, 3 Jan 1993 03:07:55 GMT

In <1993Jan2.161911.1059@cmkrnl.com> jeh@cmkrnl.com writes:

>A l-o-n-g time ago (a year or three, certainly before the r.a.sf split),
>someone posted a list of sf references to intelligent machines.  This was
>refined and improved by contributions from the net. 

>Has this been archived anywhere?  If so, can someone point me to the archive?

>Send the list itself to me by e-mail only as a last resort (I can accept
>larger-than-normal mail messages, but some of the machines through which mail
>passes to me can't). 

>Thanks in advance...

>	--- Jamie Hanrahan, Kernel Mode Consulting, San Diego CA


i don't have a list, but _the turing option_ by marvin minsky and
harry harrison is new and good in the AI lit. genre...

barb

--
***************************************************************************
conan the librarian a.k.a. kitten           /\ /\  barbara ann 
"my life's a soap opera, isn't yours?"      {=.=}
                                              ~   trumpins@alexia.lis.uiuc.edu 
"love is the wild card of existance"
                          rita mae brown

Newsgroups: rec.arts.sf.misc,rec.arts.sf.written
From: djdaneh@pbhyc.PacBell.COM (Dan'l DanehyOakes)
Subject: Re: Looking for Another Day, Another Dungeon, by Robert Costniuk
Reply-To: djdaneh@PacBell.COM (Dan'l DanehyOakes)
Organization: Pacific * Bell, San Ramon, CA
Date: Mon, 21 Dec 1992 23:58:09 GMT

In article <BzMpt5.I71@ecf.toronto.edu> rodrigc@ecf.toronto.edu (RODRIGUES CRAIG J) writes:
>I read a book a few months ago called "Another Day, Another Dungeon".
>I think the author's name is something like 'Robert Costniuk', but
>I'm not sure.

The author of ANOTHER DAY, ANOTHER DUNGEON is Greg Costikian (there may be one
more letter in there).


>I would like to know if any of you Internetters have encountered any
>sequels to the book, or if you know anything about the author.

No sequels found to date.  It rather obviously sets up for one, though,
so I presume that if you're a sequel-waiter you have one to wait for here.

And, yes, it's quite funny.


		When you're stuffing yourself at the Christmas parties,
		don't be surprised when I tell you to take a running jump.
		You're missing the point I'm sure does not need making:
		the Christmas spirit is not what you drink.
			--Ian Anderson

Dan'l Danehy-Oakes, Net.Roach
My opinions do NOT represent Pacific Bell,
Professional Development, or anyone else.
But I'm willing to share.
Newsgroups: rec.arts.sf.misc,rec.arts.sf.written
From: rodrigc@ecf.toronto.edu (RODRIGUES CRAIG J)
Subject: Looking for Another Day, Another Dungeon, by Robert Costniuk
Organization: University of Toronto, Engineering Computing Facility
Date: Mon, 21 Dec 1992 21:46:16 GMT

I read a book a few months ago called "Another Day, Another Dungeon".
I think the author's name is something like 'Robert Costniuk', but
I'm not sure.
I would like to know if any of you Internetters have encountered any
sequels to the book, or if you know anything about the author.
I found this book to be funnier than Robert Aspirin's M.Y.T.H. series,
but not quite as good as Terry Pratchett's DiscWorld series (#1 !!!!).
-- 
Craig Rodrigues            |   "This signature has been
Faculty of Engineering     |    assimilated by the BORG.
University of Toronto      |    Prepare for assimilation. 
rodrigc@ecf.toronto.edu    |    Resistance is futile." 
Newsgroups: rec.arts.sf.misc
From: rgg@yarra-glen.aaii.oz.au (Rupert G. Goldie)
Subject: Re: Request for Traveller Mailing LIst
Organization: Australian Artificial Intelligence Institute
Date: Mon, 4 Jan 1993 03:58:02 GMT

pooh+@cs.cmu.edu (Will Timmins) writes:

>Anyone have information on how to get on the Traveller mailing list?

Sure. Send mail to traveller-request@engrg.uwo.ca.

-Rupert
-- 
Rupert G. Goldie, Research Scientist                rgg@aaii.oz.au
Australian Artificial Intelligence Institute        
/\/\|| 1 Grattan Street, Melbourne, Australia
From: wixer!cactus.org!wixer!pro-smof.cts.com!shiva@cactus.org (System Smof)
Newsgroups: rec.arts.sf.misc
Subject: Re: Territory and Space Empires
Date: 30 Dec 1992 20:17:33 -0600
Organization: The SMOF-BBS: Science Fiction Online Since 1985 [512-467-7317]
NNTP-Posting-Host: cs.utexas.edu

You want a Star Trek Syndrome pidgeonhole for humans?

Humans are lucky.
 ____________________________________________________________________
/                                |                            |      \
|SMOF-BBS 512-467-7317 PCP=TXAUS |"The World's First Online   | __|__ |
|    Proline:  shiva@pro-smof    | Science Fiction Convention"| \_|_/ |
|    Internet: wixer!pro-lep!pro-smof!shiva@cs.utexas.edu     |   |   |
\________________________________|____________________________|______/


Newsgroups: rec.arts.sf.misc
From: rmccoy@rock.concert.net (Ron McCoy - Yale Security)
Subject: Joel Hagen
Organization: CONCERT-CONNECT -- Public Access UNIX
Distribution: na
Date: Wed, 30 Dec 1992 03:03:21 GMT

In his book, "Playgrounds Of The Mind", Larry Niven mentions a 
sculptor named Joel Hagen. Apparently he creates skeletons and 
skulls of alien creatures. 
 
Does anyone know if any of his work is available for sale, or how

he can be contacted? 
 
Ron
Newsgroups: rec.arts.sf.misc,rec.arts.sf.science,rec.arts.startrek.tech
From: jdnicoll@prism.ccs.uwo.ca (James Davis Nicoll)
Subject: Re: Territorial Disputes
Organization: University of Western Ontario, London
Date: Mon, 21 Dec 1992 17:41:02 GMT

In article <1992Dec19.191646.19603@newstand.syr.edu> pksuk@mothra.syr.EDU (Peter K. Suk) writes:
>In article <1992Dec16.183737.26405@julian.uwo.ca> 
>jdnicoll@prism.ccs.uwo.ca (James Davis Nicoll) writes:
>
>>>Anyhow, it was a try.  Anyone else want to figure out how to wipe out a solar
>>>civilization in such a way that no warnings are generated?
>>
>>system also being stealthy. Industry tends to leave marks: cities radiate
>>heat, reaction drives radiate heat and mass, cultures rearrange topography
>>to suit themselves. A sneaky aggressor might lob 4 K cannonballs at large
>>fractions of C at critical industries and let the resulting economic
>>disruption erode the local culture (Akin to nomads destroying irrigation
>>systems of non-nomadic target cultures in the middle-east, a tactic  whose
>>effects are still with us) before attempting to restructure  the local
>>economy to suit  themselves. Nomadic types might  not mind destroying
>>sedentary cultures if they manage to loot  what they want: with speed
>>of  light  limits  on travel, return business is likely to be rare.
>
>But who would be motivated to do this?  Cosmic nomads would be much better
>served by NEVER doing this.  What would they want?  Certainly not territory.
>Rare elements?  They could probably trade information; it would be a LOT
>less trouble.  

	Why  did the Navajo and  Hopi war instead of trading? Successful
socioeconomic schemes need not be supremely efficient or sanctioned by all
to prosper. Besides, the question was about tactics,  not  motives.

	I haven't even mentioned the r-strategy interstellar nomads.
If Drexler's nanotechnology  is  possible, analogues  to  the reproductive
schemes  of Mycophilia speyeri  or Aphis fabae may  be  exploited by
our  hypothetical  nomads. Imagine how  much  more  efficient spreading
nomad spores would  be,compared to shipping  the nomads and their machines
themselves. If the feeder/breeder  phase can  scavenge  material  fast
enough,  they  might  be  able  to occupy a   viable  niche.

						James  Nicoll

>
>If the solar civilization were isolated, yes someone could do something like
>this.  But you'd have to:
>
>	1) Observe your opponents and insure that they did not have any 
>	   contact with folks you wouldn't want to alerted.
>	2) Show up and interact with the remnants in some capacity after
>	   you bombed them back to the 20th century.  
>
>As for #2, don't you think they'd suspect something?
>
>	--Peter Kwangjun Suk
>
>


Newsgroups: rec.arts.sf.misc
From: pooh+@cs.cmu.edu (Will Timmins)
Subject: Request for Traveller Mailing LIst
Organization: School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon
Date: Sun, 3 Jan 1993 23:24:05 GMT

Anyone have information on how to get on the Traveller mailing list?

Thanks in advance!

-Me

-- 
[Pooh Bear incarnate.                                             ]
[H1 C+ F+ W G+ K+ S+ R- E+ P                                      ]
[                                                                 ]
[To email, please make sure to mail to pooh@seismo.soar.cs.cmu.edu]
From: wixer!cactus.org!wixer!pro-smof.cts.com!rfletcher@cactus.org (Robert Fletcher)
Newsgroups: rec.arts.sf.misc
Subject: Re: Lost in Space
Date: 2 Jan 1993 06:59:02 -0600
Organization: The SMOF-BBS: Science Fiction Online Since 1985 [512-467-7317]
NNTP-Posting-Host: cs.utexas.edu

  "Space Family Robinson" was where the idea for the show came from. 
At least I think that is were it came from.
----
ProLine:  rfletcher@pro-smof
Internet: rfletcher@pro-smof.cts.com
UUCP:     crash!pro-smof!rfletcher
ARPA:     crash!pro-smof!rfletcher@nosc.mil

Newsgroups: rec.arts.sf.misc
From: YANJUNA@YaleVM.YCC.Yale.Edu
Subject: Re: SF Stories that forshadow the break down of eastern Europe
Organization: Yale University
Date: Thu, 31 Dec 92 20:54:29 EST

In article <8210@lib.tmc.edu>
drg@biomath.mda.uth.tmc.edu (David GUtierrez) writes:
 
>
>I haven't read it, but Norman Spinrad's novel "Russian Spring" (published last
>year) is supposed to deal with this subject. The Soviet Union fell between the
>time he finished the book and the time it was published.
>
 
   While Russian Spring did foreshadow some of the economic problems the
satellite states are having, it did NOT foreshadow USSR falling apart.  In
fact, his Russia is a capitalistic socialist state, with the somewhat-pro
capitalist communist party fairly strongly in charge.  [Though one of the
subplots deal with an internal struggle between the hardline old fashioned
commmies and the new capitalistic commies.]
   I actually read the hardcover edition; in the paperback, there is a short
introduction by Spinrad to deal with the differences between his predictions
and reality.  It seemed to me that Spinrad was half wishfully predicting
USSR will get back together again.  Perhaps it's his old radical politics
making itself felt again... :) [But, of course, since I skimmed it at the
local bookstore, I may have gotten the wrong impression.]
   btw, I enjoyed the book even though it had some plot points which I
disliked.
 
   Junsok Yang
From: Jarett.Weintraub%bbs@jptcs.com (Jarett Weintraub)
Newsgroups: rec.arts.sf.misc
Subject: Territory and Space Empires
Date: 27 Dec 92 09:19:59 GMT
Reply-To: Jarett.Weintraub%bbs@jptcs.com (Jarett Weintraub)
X-Posting-Software: UniBoard 1.10a S/N 202921

Seems to me, that Mr. Suk has decided in advance what he'd like to see
happen (no territory, which is NOT necessarily anarchy, BTW) and then built
his premises round it. However, a few points need making.
1) If these races are at the "pinnacle of technology", how is anyone going
to make any money trading information? Information, as is clearly          
demonstrated  by this very conversation, needs no physical contact in order
for transmission.  Not to mention that C. speed transmission is bound to
outpace any physical transport Additionally, by the time even C speed
tranmission makes the journey, odds are it's obsolete info. I mean, look
what's happpened in just the last 50 years. Imagine the pace of growth in
5000 years! Not to mention that at that point, any new information of worth
anything might cost more so much in R&D, (since it would have to pretty
impressive to be worthiwhile in such a "peak" civilization) that noone would
trust its worth to wandering bands of folk. And what's to stop people from
selling info to two groups at a time, separated by a few years? They'll
never know, and by the time they find out, the original sellers will be long
dead. Which brings me to 
2) You can't generalize about races. This is what I think fo as "star trek
syndrome". You know, Romulans are war-like, Vulcans are logical, race x
is archtypically like this, race y like that. Funny how they've never
pigeonholed us humans successfully. Guess why? So, distance produces
cultural changes, which produces different attitudes, which create differnt
cultures. I said in a prev. post that no inter-system empire could exist.
This is why. Also, some systems would integrate w/ neighboring alien
cultures, possibly because they like them better than other human cultures,
or out of general social advacedness, or even thru Finlandization. There
would not be a uniform response to 2 such empires meeting, much less 3. 
3) Once again, space is REAL BIG. The space between CLOSE solar systems is
tens of light years. Could we ever run out of so much space? Couldn't a
supremely advanced civ have BIRTH CONTROL?!? Or just build a few Dyson
spheres and have done with it for the next few trillion births? 

PS for the person who said that war is an economic boon - WWII was an
exception to the rule. It has been proven that wars have, in the past, been
almost universally BAD for the economy of the nations involved.

:PNote: No animals were killed in creating this sig :p
From: wixer!cactus.org!wixer!pro-smof.cts.com!rfletcher@cactus.org (Robert Fletcher)
Newsgroups: rec.arts.sf.misc
Subject: Lost in Space
Date: 31 Dec 1992 04:46:24 -0600
Organization: The SMOF-BBS: Science Fiction Online Since 1985 [512-467-7317]
NNTP-Posting-Host: cs.utexas.edu

  Looking for the comic "Lost in Space", so have any of you heard or seen
it?
----
ProLine:  rfletcher@pro-smof
Internet: rfletcher@pro-smof.cts.com
UUCP:     crash!pro-smof!rfletcher
ARPA:     crash!pro-smof!rfletcher@nosc.mil

Newsgroups: rec.arts.sf.misc,talk.politics.misc
From: doug@cdc.hp.com (Doug Sojourner)
Subject: Re: SF fans show libertarian inclination
Date: Wed, 30 Dec 1992 16:15:28 GMT
Reply-To: dsojourner@cdc.hp.com
Organization: HP California Design Center, Santa Clara, CA
X-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.1.4 PL7]
Followup-To: rec.arts.sf.misc,talk.politics.misc

cast one vote for a Green SF fan (definately NOT Libertarian).


Doug Sojourner

dsojourner@cdc.hp.com
Xref: sparky rec.arts.sf.misc:3596 talk.politics.misc:65867
From: weemba@sagi.wistar.upenn.edu (Matthew P Wiener)
Newsgroups: rec.arts.sf.misc,talk.politics.misc
Subject: Re: SF fans show libertarian inclination
Keywords: Libertarian,science-fiction
Date: 31 Dec 92 17:31:31 GMT
Reply-To: weemba@sagi.wistar.upenn.edu (Matthew P Wiener)
Followup-To: rec.arts.sf.misc
Organization: The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology
In-reply-to: rjk@world.std.com (robert j kolker)

In article <C02uyJ.F7n@world.std.com>, rjk@world (robert j kolker) writes:
>Is it my imagination or is it true?  Going through the postings in the
>rec.arts.sf.*, rec.arts.startrek groups I havew discerned a Libertarian
>bias or inclination in the posting where some kind of political/social
>opinion is expressed.

I blame it on three things.  The "tween" factor (name that story!),
where many fen have a first level of intelligence that can't reach--or
even acknowledge--higher levels.  A tendency to fantasize and romaticize
and individualize, overlooking uncomfortable details.  And of course,
libertarian fiction is obviously not describing our world as is, so much
of it is science fiction.
-- 
-Matthew P Wiener (weemba@sagi.wistar.upenn.edu)
Newsgroups: rec.arts.sf.misc
From: dagolden@phoenix.Princeton.EDU (David Alexandre Golden)
Subject: Re: Ender: The Movie
Originator: news@nimaster
Organization: Princeton University
Date: Tue, 29 Dec 1992 22:36:39 GMT

Actually, it's an even bigger problem than finding just one "lead" actor.
Where do you find dozens of kids to pull this off?  Where do you find the
other major characters?  And how well can they act?  I almost would prefer
to have it set with older (14-16) kids (HERESY! I'll be flamed for sure!)
just to give a wider (and better) acting pool.


-- 
David A. Golden '95           (dagolden@phoenix.princeton.edu)
Princeton University
From: 01fortec@ac.dal.ca
Newsgroups: rec.arts.sf.misc
Subject: Re: SF Stories that forshadow the break down of eastern Europe
Date: 24 Dec 92 08:46:43 -0400
Organization: Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada

In article <22122308513407@vms2.macc.wisc.edu>, PHKAVENY@MACC.WISC.EDU (Philip E. Kaveny) writes:
> 
> 	I am not sure if this is the proper way to post this question, but what
> the heck. Does anyone out there know of any SF Stories that foreshadow the break
> down or up of Soviet Eastern Europe.


I don't know if anybody ever really dealt with the breakup of the Soviet
Union specifically. 

I do recall reading a book dealing with an isolated America (U.S.) after the 
fall of Western Europe to communism. It was more a study of what happens when
a state isolates itself completely from the rest of the world. Ironically,
over the hundred years or so that pass between the fall of the West and the
re-opening of America, the US had  become a ideological dictatorship, sort of
McCarthyist eutopia, while the rest of the world had pretty well become a
single government, generally capitalist society. It was weird.

Joe

Newsgroups: rec.arts.sf.misc
From: ecl@cbnewsj.cb.att.com (Evelyn C. Leeper)
Subject: Re: SF Story Index
Organization: AT&T
Distribution: na
Date: Wed, 30 Dec 1992 13:40:16 GMT

In article <01GSW6NI96YA9ZM3IN@VAX1.UMKC.EDU> CDOMS@VAX1.UMKC.EDU writes:
> I have an old "Science Fiction Story Index 1950-1968" by Frederick
> Siemon, published by the American Library Association.  This guide has
> been very useful.  What I would like to know is there any other index
> "out there" that I could purchase to suplement or compliement this 
> work.  Any suggestions would be appreciated. Thanks

I find William Contento's INDEX TO SCIENCE FICTION ANTHOLOGIES and
INDEX TO SCIENCE FICTION ANTHOLOGIES (1977-1983) invaluable.  I don't
know if they're still in print; the former was $21 when I bought it
years ago (it covers through 1976); the latter was $60 three or four
years ago.  I think they're either published or distributed by LOCUS,
since I bought it at their table.

Someone thought there might be a third volume, but I haven't seen one.

Evelyn C. Leeper  |  +1 908 957 2070  |  att!mtgzy!ecl or  ecl@mtgzy.att.com
--
"God does not play dice with the universe."  --Albert Einstein
"Albert, stop telling God what to do."  --Niels Bohr
From: PHKAVENY@MACC.WISC.EDU (Philip E. Kaveny)
Newsgroups: rec.arts.sf.misc
Subject: SF Stories that forshadow the break down of eastern Europe
Date: 23 Dec 92 13:51:00 GMT


	I am not sure if this is the proper way to post this question, but what
the heck. Does anyone out there know of any SF Stories that foreshadow the break
down or up of Soviet Eastern Europe.