HDTenEightyP/NetNews huggingface dataset:
From: mmarkish@FEDS46.PRIME.COM (Mark Markish x2799)
Newsgroups: talk.politics.soviet
Subject: the article on anti-Semitism
Date: 26 Aug 92 21:04:08 GMT
Reply-To: "talk.politics.soviet via ListServ" <TPS-L@indycms.iupui.edu>

| From: KOROTKOV%AUDUCVAX.BITNET@pucc.Princeton.EDU
|
| In the letter to von Sohn I encountered the following phrase:
|
| M>Russian anti-Semitism is not much better than this anti-German bigotry
| M>of ours, and it is similarly understandable.
|
| ...in order to get rid of it what is required is to study the phenomenon.
| ...If ahy of the netters feels him/herself pretty sure how to explain
| anti-Semitism of Russians and have time I will be grateful.

I would recommend the article _Christianity_and_Judaeism_ by late Bishop
Nathanael; although written some 40 years ago, it gives a clear and
fundamental account of the subject, and helps dispell many popular lies
and misconceptions. The article has been reprinted more then once
(in Russian; I think it has been translated in English as well). Those
having troubles finding it are welcome to contact me via e-mail.

Best regards, - mark
Newsgroups: talk.politics.soviet
From: viznyuk@physics.ucla.edu (Sergei Viznyuk)
Subject: Re: "democratic" Estonia
Organization: UCLA Department of Physics
Date: Thu, 27 Aug 92 16:33:09 GMT

In article <1992Aug27.092356.16987@jyu.fi> ryyti@jyu.fi (Jarmo Ryyti) writes:
> 
>1939 the standard of living of Estonia and Finland were about the same,
>after 50 years of occupation (mostly russians) every one can see by the
>own eyes (and statistics) how big is the gap now between Finland
>(non occupied by SU) and Estonia (occupied by Su).

And if we take Finland a la e.g. 1839, when Finns were little more
than illiterate nomads, and compare with Russia....ah, better,
let's compare todays Finland with what would have been Russia,
has it not been occupied by communists...ah, no, let's better
compare those Northern Turks (Balts, that is) with e.g. Japan....
ah, even more: let's compare North American Indians with Estonians,
ah...let's compare...shit, I'm tired..... What about similarity
between Jarmo Ryyti and Hasan Mutlu ? Maybe one is forging another ?
Accept my hottest kisses, Hasan Ryyti.
Yours always,
acting KGB agent Serega.

P.S. Continuation follows...
From: georglin@leland.Stanford.EDU (george lin)
Subject: Re: "democratic" Estonia
Organization: DSG, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA
Date: Thu, 27 Aug 92 17:32:28 GMT

Once again Estonia is under attack from empire advocates.  I suspect that Mr.
Viznyuk and his ilk, their prolific postings aside, constitute an insignifi-
cant minority of this group's readers.

Someday, if Tibet succeeds in escaping the Chinese noose, it will have a sim-
ilar decision to make.  How many of the Estonia-bashers truly believe that
the Chinese occupiers should receive the rights that Estonia's Russians are
demanding?



Xref: sparky talk.politics.soviet:7644 soc.culture.soviet:7042
From: muh@physics.Berkeley.EDU (Yury M. Mukharsky)
Newsgroups: talk.politics.soviet,soc.culture.soviet
Subject: Re: Shafarevich and National Academy
Date: 3 Sep 1992 20:35:27 GMT
Organization: University of California, Berkeley
NNTP-Posting-Host: physics.berkeley.edu

In article <Bu0FsM.7A7@apollo.hp.com> goykhman_a@apollo.hp.com (Alex Goykhman) writes:
>
>    You seems to be confusing one's private and public 
>    behaviour.  Shafarevich is an outspoken anti-semit,
>    and as such does not belong to NAS.

Which is purely semitic :) Sorry, can not restrain.

Shafarevich IS bastard, though. But not admitting and expelling are
different things.

Yury.

>
>
>-- 
>-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
>Disclaimer: all opinions are mine.
>-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Newsgroups: talk.politics.soviet
From: sommar@enea.se (Erland Sommarskog)
Subject: Official languages
Organization: Enea Data AB
Date: Sat, 29 Aug 1992 22:07:24 GMT

Kastytis Gecas (gecas@comlab.ox.ac.uk) writes:
>Unfortunately, the things are not so simple, and the notion of citizenship
>was developed by centuries, mainly by Western countries.
>In what follows I would like to return to the origin of the discussion--
>the issue of citizenship and, in particular, to a test
>of *official language* comprehension.
>...
>  First,  a political one. There may be a lot of languages used in a society
>but the official language is state's attribute (like flag or national anthem)
> and everybody must respect it.

What do you think is the official language of Belgium? French
or Dutch? Do you see your fallacy now?

(Actually I believe that also German has an official status in
Belgium as there is a tiny German group in Belgium as well.)
-- 
Erland Sommarskog - ENEA Data, Stockholm - sommar@enea.se
F|rst till kvarn f}r f|rst vankiva
From: hubey@pilot.njin.net (Hubey)
Newsgroups: talk.politics.soviet
Subject: Georgia
Date: 28 Aug 92 01:07:49 GMT
Organization: Rutgers Univ., New Brunswick, N.J.


From clarinews@clarinet.com (UPI) Tue Aug 25 12:40:28 1992

	MOSCOW (UPI) -- Georgian forces consolidated their control of the
breakaway region of Abkhazia and appeared to be moving in Tuesday on the
Gadauta region where Abkhazian government leaders are holding out,
reports from the area said.
.........
	
	Georgian officials told Itar-Tass up to 1,000 armed volunteers had
moved south across the Caucasus mountains to join Abkhazian forces,
despite the efforts of the authorities in the Northern Caucasus to
prevent them.
	The alleged arrival of armed volunteers, some of them Cossacks from
southern Russia, others irregulars answering the appeal of the
Confederation of Mountain Peoples of the Caucasus to defend Abkhazia,
has alarmed the Georgian authorities.
	
		----------------
		--------------------

Does anyone know who/what is this Confederation of Mountain Peoples
is about ?
-- 

	mark	


   hubey@pilot.njin.net                   hubey@apollo.montclair.edu
 ...!rutgers!pilot!hubey                  hubey@logos.montclair.edu
From: muh@physics.Berkeley.EDU (Yury M. Mukharsky)
Newsgroups: talk.politics.soviet
Subject: Lev Gumilev, was "democratic" Estonia
Date: 28 Aug 1992 01:03:21 GMT
Organization: University of California, Berkeley
NNTP-Posting-Host: physics.berkeley.edu

In article <1992Aug27.211621.29618@watson.ibm.com> bil@burka..aix.kingston.ibm.com (Igor Belchinskiy) writes:
>
>I can recommend only books by Lev Gumilev.

For those who will follow the advice: if you forgot your high-school
physics and math, belive me: when you see some natural-science-like
statement it is either wrong or have nothing to do with the subject.
Examples: basis of Gumilevs theory: energy conservation has nothing
to do with the physics, maybe there is some UBSOLUTELY SEPARATE law
of ethnic energy conservation, but it is not proven. Author just refers
to low of energy conservation in physics, using it in absolutely wrong
way. Terms like "alrebraic sum of vectors" also kind of strange.
From my point of view Gumilev's theory can be boiled down to:
"there is some force of unknown origin which governs ethnogenes and
is not studied well."

Also his books, however simple written they are, are hard to understand.
I spendsome time trying figure out was Parphiane calling their country
Iran or Turan. That was supposed to be explained on two pages. I gave up.
There are couple of places like that.

Yury
Newsgroups: talk.politics.soviet
From: muh@physics.Berkeley.EDU (Yury M. Mukharsky)
Newsgroups: talk.politics.soviet,soc.culture.soviet
Subject: Re: "democratic" Estonia
Date: 3 Sep 1992 18:30:46 GMT
Organization: University of California, Berkeley
NNTP-Posting-Host: physics.berkeley.edu

In article <1992Sep3.073033.14520@cco.caltech.edu> patricia@cco.caltech.edu (Patricia M. Schwarz) writes:
>I hope that one day humanism will be separated from religion, so that we

I think it already did. In fact religion started catching up only last
centuries.

Yury
Newsgroups: talk.politics.soviet
From: henrik@kpc.com 
Subject: Mutlu's new name/cousin 
Organization: none 
Date: Wed, 2 Sep 1992 20:59:34 GMT

 Did Mutlu change his name to "Serdar Argic" ? Or is it his cousin ?

 Well, I guess  it is time to update the kill-files again.
Newsgroups: talk.politics.soviet
Subject: Re: "democratic" Estonia
From: ioffe@chen.bgu.ac.il (Alex Ioffe)
Date: Sun, 30 Aug 1992 14:45:52 GMT
Organization: Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel

viznyuk@physics.ucla.edu (Sergei Viznyuk) writes:
: In article <1992Aug27.092356.16987@jyu.fi> ryyti@jyu.fi (Jarmo Ryyti) writes:
: >
: >1939 the standard of living of Estonia and Finland were about the same,
: >after 50 years of occupation (mostly russians) every one can see by the
: >own eyes (and statistics) how big is the gap now between Finland
: >(non occupied by SU) and Estonia (occupied by Su).
:
: And if we take Finland a la e.g. 1839, when Finns were little more
: than illiterate nomads, and compare with Russia....ah, better,
Serega!! Read Soloviev or Kluchevski!

: let's compare todays Finland with what would have been Russia,
: has it not been occupied by communists...ah, no, let's better
Right! Let's compare! But don't you feel it'sinsane to put in shit
others when you can't?
: compare those Northern Turks (Balts, that is) with e.g. Japan....
: ah, even more: let's compare North American Indians with Estonians,
: ah...let's compare...shit, I'm tired..... What about similarity
: between Jarmo Ryyti and Hasan Mutlu ? Maybe one is forging another ?
: Accept my hottest kisses, Hasan Ryyti.
: Yours always,
: acting KGB agent Serega.
:
: P.S. Continuation follows...
Did Russia get all the SU had? In diplomatical meaning etc.?
If yes then now Russia is responsible to all SU did.
Russia and only Russia!
Nick

Xref: sparky talk.politics.soviet:7654 soc.culture.soviet:7054
From: vlad@erg.sri.com (vlad)
Newsgroups: talk.politics.soviet,soc.culture.soviet
Subject: Re: Shafarevich and National Academy
Date: 3 Sep 92 22:37:03 GMT
Organization: SRI International, Menlo Park, CA

In article <Bu0FsM.7A7@apollo.hp.com> goykhman_a@apollo.hp.com (Alex Goykhman) writes:
>
>    Should then Dr.Mengele become an Honorary Member of NAS
>    because of the unique medical experiments he conducted
>    in the Nazi concentration camps?
>
>    You seems to be confusing one's private and public 
>    behaviour.  Shafarevich is an outspoken anti-semit,
>    and as such does not belong to NAS.

1) Mr. Mengele was not a scientist. Shafarevich is a great mathematician.

2) Mr. Mengele is a mass murderer. Shafarevich has not committed any
crimes.

Get the difference?

Vlad

Employer disagrees
From: muh@physics.Berkeley.EDU (Yury M. Mukharsky)
Newsgroups: talk.politics.soviet
Subject: Re: You thought bugging diplomats were history?
Date: 25 Aug 1992 20:54:35 GMT
Organization: University of California, Berkeley
NNTP-Posting-Host: physics.berkeley.edu

In article <KARDANEV.92Aug25115929@hanoi.cern.ch> kardanev@hanoi.cern.ch (A. Kardanev) writes:
>NNTP-Posting-Host: physics.berkeley.edu
>
>When did you graduated? As far as I know there was at least 9
>department in FizTech at 1985. And 6 department was there at beginning
>of 1970 or early (as far as I know).
>
1. FRTK
2. FFKE
3. FAKI
4. FUPM
5. FMHF
6. FOPF
7. FPFE

That was state at 1983.

Since then they added

8. FMHB.

I do miscalculted number of departments, It was 6 before 1975 or so. But
number of students is sertanly less then 20000, not to mention number of
students in Dolgopa dorms, which is no more than half or one third of
total number. 

Yury

Newsgroups: talk.politics.soviet,soc.culture.europe
From: arto@leland.Stanford.EDU (Artavazd Khachikian)
Subject: Re: CLINTON ON ARMENIAN GENOCIDE
Organization: DSG, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA
Date: Mon, 31 Aug 92 02:28:53 GMT

In article <1992Aug30.155703.17020@walter.bellcore.com> cza@troy.uucp (22141-akgun) writes:
>In article <1992Aug29.231438.19137@leland.Stanford.EDU> arto@leland.Stanford.EDU (Artavazd Khachikian) writes:
>>
>>The Genocide of 1915, years of communist dictatorship, and the devastating
>>^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
>>earthquake of 1988 have caused great suffering in Armenia during this
>>century. But the Armenian people have braved these hardships heroically,
>>and they have emerged with their dignity as a free nation. The more than
>>one million Armenians living in America have brought with them a culture
>>rich in history that has benefitted our country ".
>
>The crux of the matter is explained at the last
>statement.  If there are more than 1 million Turks are
>living in U.S. as potential voters, "slick" Willy, as
>they call him at this neck of the woods, would sing a 
>different tune.  He also made Greek Americans feel 
>so good when he uttered what he things about Cyprus
>issue.  Whatelse is new?  Why this is so
>important for s.c.e followers to know?
>
>C. Akgun

	Well, maybe that is why he also talked about the Irish Genocide,
the Japanese Genocide, the German Genocide, the Chinese Genocide,
the Polish Genocide, the Italian Genocide and other famous Genocides.
Actually, it would nave been smarter of him to declare that all
nations who were integarted in the American society were subject to
Genocide in direct proportion to their voting capabilities. Regards.
Newsgroups: talk.politics.soviet
From: bil@burka..aix.kingston.ibm.com (Igor Belchinskiy)
Subject: Re: "democratic" Estonia
Date: Fri, 28 Aug 92 16:13:14 GMT
Organization: Be. I am.

In article <1992Aug28.065630.22425@jyu.fi> ryyti@jyu.fi (Jarmo Ryyti) writes:
>And see how different policy Finland and Russia have!!! Finland has
>given a FREE ENTRY for the Finns from Estonia (and Russia) as homereturning
>Finns even if they are not born in Finland.
> But what do russians  in a similar question, they
>play politics with russian minority. That is the predominant difference
>between Finland and Russia's policy in this question. 

Just two questions.

1. Do you know the words "current economy situations"? In Russia? In Finland?
2. Do you know the difference between Soviet, Commy and Russian?
   Would you use "Germans" every time you speak about Nazis?

[...]
>Regards,
>Jarmo Ryyti

Sincerely, cordially, regards
	-igor


Newsgroups: talk.politics.soviet
From: sethr@cbnewsl.cb.att.com (seth.r.rosenthal)
Newsgroups: talk.politics.soviet,soc.culture.europe
Subject: Re: CLINTON ON ARMENIAN GENOCIDE
Date: 3 Sep 92 16:12:33 GMT
Article-I.D.: cbnewsl.1992Sep3.161233.24642
Followup-To: talk.politics.soviet
Organization: AT&T Bell Laboratories

In article <1836jaINNl62@smaug.West.Sun.COM>, Richard.Mathews@West.Sun.COM (Richard M. Mathews) writes:
> cza@troy.uucp (22141-akgun) writes:
> >If there are more than 1 million Turks are
> >living in U.S. as potential voters, "slick" Willy, as
> >they call him at this neck of the woods, would sing a 
> >different tune.
> 
> How many Turks are there living in the U.S.?  The most applicable data
> I have say that 402,000 U.S. immigrants from 1820-1989 had Turkey as
> their country of last residence.  Including the descendants of those
> immigrants, I would crudely guess that the current number of U.S.
> residents of Turkish descent would be around a million.  Viewed another
> way, immigration from Turkey has run at about 0.7% of all immigration, so
> it would not be surprising if around 0.7% of the country was of Turkish
> descent which implies the number might be several million.  If the number
> is anywhere near or above a million, that clearly proves your statement
> false because Clinton isn't singing a different tune.  Even if the number
> of Turks is well under a million, you have no evidence to support your
> wild claim.
> 

This is somewhat flawed.  If .7 % came from Turkey, not all of
them were ethnic Turks, and therefore likely to be sympathetic
to Turkish causes.  I grew up with both Jews (Sephardic and Ashkenazi)
who came from Turkey, as well as ethnic Greeks who were chased
out in some pretty awful incidents before WWI.  They had Turkey
on their visas, but at least the Greeks were hardly sympathetic
to the Turks in the same way an ethnic Turk would be.


		Seth Rosenthal
Newsgroups: talk.politics.soviet
From: arto@leland.Stanford.EDU (Artavazd Khachikian)
Subject: MUTLU IS DEAD!!! LONG LIVE MUTLU II!
Organization: DSG, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA
Date: Tue, 1 Sep 92 06:42:24 GMT

	LE ROI EST MORT. VIVE LE ROI!

	MUTLU IS DEAD! LONG LIVE ARGIC!

ARGIC, DO YOU HAVE ANY RELATION TO YOUR PREDECESSOR ON THE THRONE
OF THE KINGDOME OF QUOTES? WHO'S NAME MADE THE WHOLE NEWSGROUPS TREMBLE?
WHO'S NAME WAS THE HORROR OF THE ARMENIANS? WHO'S NAME WAS THE NIGHTMARE
OF THE GREEKS? 
 

Newsgroups: talk.politics.soviet
From: bil@burka..aix.kingston.ibm.com (Igor Belchinskiy)
Subject: Re: Lev Gumilev, was "democratic" Estonia
Date: Fri, 28 Aug 92 15:59:29 GMT
Organization: Be. I am.

In article <17ju0pINN139@agate.berkeley.edu> muh@physics.Berkeley.EDU (Yury M. Mukharsky) writes:
>In article <1992Aug27.211621.29618@watson.ibm.com> bil@burka..aix.kingston.ibm.com (Igor Belchinskiy) writes:
>>
>>I can recommend only books by Lev Gumilev.
>
>For those who will follow the advice: if you forgot your high-school
>physics and math, belive me: when you see some natural-science-like
>statement it is either wrong or have nothing to do with the subject.
>Examples: basis of Gumilevs theory: energy conservation has nothing
>to do with the physics, maybe there is some UBSOLUTELY SEPARATE law
>of ethnic energy conservation, but it is not proven. 

Basis of Gumilev theory - a lot of studies of history of mankind ethnoses,
great factual base. He doesn't sucks anything from finger.

> Author just refers
>to low of energy conservation in physics, using it in absolutely wrong
>way. Terms like "alrebraic sum of vectors" also kind of strange.
>From my point of view Gumilev's theory can be boiled down to:
>"there is some force of unknown origin which governs ethnogenes and
>is not studied well."

Oh, yes, "can be boiled" - if throw away little child with water :-)

Gumilev describes ages of ethnoses - basing on facts we all know.
Strange enough his description (and what's more - applicability
of his description to ethnoses he didn't study closely about) is correct.

Than - after giving very useful and interesting and proven (all that IMHO,
of course) classification/theory of ethnos ages he tries to explain why 
they behave this way. And how they are born. 
Here he proposes rather unorthodox (for scientifically
educated rational materialist) explanation - again, basing
on solid fact foundation. You may accept that or no.
But let me mention that he applies ideas by Vernadsky.
that what he means by energy is very different from mechanicist 17-century
energy (maybe he should to introduce new word as well as new idea - 
instead of designating it by the word wich meaning is fixed in some 
minds) and, the last, not the least - I'd like to see how are going to
explain why people grow up and became old. Not how - why? If you can't 
are you going to say that idea of different child and adult behaviors
dosn't have right to exist?

He tried to work with more complicated object - ethnos.

There a lot of things which we can't explain but know that they happens :-)
Btw, what does it mean "energetic men"? :-)

>Also his books, however simple written they are, are hard to understand.

Thay are not simple written - language is simple and colorful (vkusnyi
- understandable with such genes), but not subject.

>I spendsome time trying figure out was Parphiane calling their country
>Iran or Turan. That was supposed to be explained on two pages. I gave up.

Completely irrelevant to general theory. And is this example supposed
to say something about Gumilev or reader?

>There are couple of places like that.

>
>Yury
	-igor
From: hubey@pilot.njin.net (Hubey)
Newsgroups: talk.politics.soviet
Subject: Re: treacherous Russians (Re: "democratic" Estonia)
Date: 29 Aug 92 03:27:07 GMT
Organization: Rutgers Univ., New Brunswick, N.J.

In article <1992Aug28.213713.32186@watson.ibm.com> oleg@watson.ibm.com (Oleg Vishnepolsky) writes:

> My apologies to Mark Hubey - having a sensitive subject in discussion,
> it is easy to loose perspective on who is out of line, and who is
> trying to start a constructive conversation. I blasted him for no
> good reason. Sorry, Mark.
> 
> Oleg Vishnepolsky

Since we had already ironed out our 'difficulty' this wasn't
really necessary, as far as I was concerned. But I do thank
you for this public gesture. Everything is Ok as far as
I'm concerned. 

Thanks again.

Now back to the discussion :-)..
-- 

	mark	


   hubey@pilot.njin.net                   hubey@apollo.montclair.edu
 ...!rutgers!pilot!hubey                  hubey@logos.montclair.edu
Newsgroups: talk.politics.soviet
From: ayr@gtech.com (Aleksey Y. Romanov)
Subject: Re: Coup Book and Video List
Organization: GTECH Corporation, West Greenwich RI
Date: Thu, 27 Aug 1992 13:31:58 GMT

In article <1992Aug25.193322.9433@mahendo.jpl.nasa.gov> julie@eddie.jpl.nasa.gov (Julie Kangas) writes:
>I can't remember exactly, but he does talk about changing all his beliefs. 
>So, maybe he's had a change of heart or maybe he is still a liar.
>I guess a professional liar would easily know what opinions he
>should spout based on the political circumstances and write his
>books accordingly.

Yes. The  only thing it is better not to account for him as eyewitness.


-- 
Aleksey Y. Romanov

DISCLAIMER: The views expressed are entirely my own and do not
necessary reflect those of my employer or anyone else
From: VIZNYUK@MPS.OHIO-STATE.EDU (SERGEI VIZNYUK)
Newsgroups: talk.politics.soviet
Subject: Re: RFE/RL report
Date: 25 Aug 92 17:22:00 GMT
Reply-To: "talk.politics.soviet via ListServ" <TPS-L@indycms.iupui.edu>

>                       RFE/RL Daily Report
>                                          No. 162, August 25, 1992
>
> MOSCOW PATRIARCH PROTESTS TO KRAVCHUK. On 22 August, the Kiev
> Russian-language newspaper Nezavisimost published a letter from
> the Moscow Patriarch Alexii to Ukrainian President Leonid Kravchuk
> expressing his concern about the religious conflict which has
> arisen in Ukraine after the recent split of the Ukrainian Orthodox
> Church into pro-independence and pro-Moscow camps. The former head
> of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church, Metropolitan Filaret of Kiev,
> has joined with leaders of the independent, and formerly banned,
> Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church to form the Ukrainian
> Orthodox Church of the Kievan Patriarchate, headed by Patriarch
> Mstyslav; it is opposed by Metropolitan Volodymyr, who heads the
> hierachy which has remained loyal to Moscow. A struggle over
> church property and other issues has ensued. (Bohdan Nahaylo)

 There was a perculiar story with Metropolit Filaret of Kiev.
Last year he was expelled from Russian Orthodox Church for
numerous administrative and financial abuses, and most of all -
for his close ties with former KGB. In fact he was identified
as most high-ranking KGB officer in ROC (I forgot what was
his alias). Filaret was deprived his san and title. After
that he proclaimed himself a victim of Moscow Patriarkhat
"imperialistic policies", which suddenly gave him a support
of Ukrainian goverment. President of Ukraine Kravchuk, in
clear violation of Ukrainian constitution, personally
sponsored Filaret's "transfer" to the formerly banned
Ukrainian Autocephalous Church (which wasn't glad to
accept him at all), - the same Church against which
x-Metropolit Filaret fiercely fought all his life.
The All-Ukrainian Assembly of Orthodox Bishops held in
Kharkov earlier this year, has excluded Filaret from
his ranks, deprived him his san and appointed Metropolit
Volodimir as its head, but Filaret, supported by Kravchuk,
proclaimed that decision "void". The head of Ukrainian
Church in Canada, who refused to shake hands with Filaret,
was "advised" to leave Ukraine immeduately.
   Apparently these details escaped the attention of
RFE/RL correspondent Bohdan Nahaylo, though they
were widely published in such papers as Nezavisimaya
Gazeta, Moscow News, etc.
S.V.