HDTenEightyP/NetNews huggingface dataset:
From: Richard.Mathews@West.Sun.COM (Richard M. Mathews)
Newsgroups: sci.astro
Subject: Re: The color violet?
Date: 30 Sep 92 20:40:33 GMT
Distribution: na
Organization: Sunsoft Inc., Los Angeles, CA.
NNTP-Posting-Host: astro
Originator: richard@astro.West.Sun.COM

zellner@stsci.edu writes:

>Obviously violet isn't the same thing as purple, which is a mixture of
>red and blue.  Purple can be located on the standard color charts, but
>where is violet on such a chart? 

The red cones have a small, secondary peak of sensitivity in the violet
range.  Violet thus triggers blue response plus a little red response.
Blue light, on the other hand, doesn't trigger that little bit of red
response, but it does hit the tail end of the green response peak.
Thus purple light, i.e., blue plus red, triggers blue response plus
a little red response *and* a little green response.  The difference
between purple and violet is in that green response.  In the standard
color chart where pure spectral colors make up the outside edge of a
generally triangular region, it looks something like this:

                        Green
                      ---
                    /     \
                  /         \
                /             \
               /               \
              /                 \
             /                   \
            /                     \
           /                       \
          /                         \
         /                           \
        /                             \
       /                               \Blue
      /                          Purple |
     /                                  |
    /Red                               /Violet

The violet end of the curve turns inward because of its little bit of red
response.  The blue is above violet because of its little bit of green
response.  Purple is inside the spectral curve because it triggers some
of all three responses.

     Richard M. Mathews			G eorge
					 D epression
Richard.Mathews@West.Sun.COM		  B ush casts a
					   G loom on us all
Newsgroups: sci.astro
From: ahabig@bigbang.astro.indiana.edu (Alec Habig)
Subject: Re: Response to PUTTING VENUS IN AN ORBIT ...  and  TIME HAS INERTIA
Organization: Indiana University Astrophysics, Bloomington, IN
Date: Sat, 3 Oct 1992 15:01:08 GMT

In article <abian.718045416@pv343f.vincent.iastate.edu> abian@iastate.edu (Alexander Abian) writes:
>   
>   My statements concerning PUTTING VENUS IN AN ORBIT SIMILAR TO THE ORBIT
>
>OF THE EARTH  and  TIME HAS INERTIA need no further elucidation, justifi-
>
>cation or proof.  They are explicit, self-explanatory and self-evident.
>
>They are true and they are the way of the future.  I do not necessarily
>
>need the approbation of the so-called guardians of "truth" and "reality".

[...more egomaniacal babble deleted...]

Dr. Abian, you claim to be a mathematician!  From what principles do you derive
the inertial time stuff?  One can't just trot out a formula and say it is
correct - one must show WHY it is correct.  Not to get any "approbation" - just
so that any interested parties can see how it's done.

Also, if someone tells the world their ideas, they should be prepared to answer
questions and counter arguments about them.  Many good comments about the
unfeasability of the venus idea were posted, but nothing other than "I am
right" has been heard in answer.

Alec Habig
From: njzy@vax5.cit.cornell.edu (T. Joseph Lazio, Cornell University)
Newsgroups: sci.astro
Subject: Re: ALTERNATIVE (NOT) Heavy Element Creation in the Universe
Date: 2 Oct 92 17:41:49 EDT
Distribution: sci
Organization: Cornell University

In article <1992Sep29.192437.1430@cnsvax.uwec.edu>,
mcelwre@cnsvax.uwec.edu writes: 
>           
> 
>                             BIOLOGICAL TRANSMUTATIONS
> 
>           ( ANOTHER Way That The Universe Creates Heavy Elements. )
> 
>                A very simple experiment can demonstrate (PROVE) the 
>           FACT of "BIOLOGICAL TRANSMUTATIONS" (reactions like Mg + O 
>           --> Ca, Si + C --> Ca, K + H --> Ca, N2 --> CO, etc.), as 
>           described in the BOOK "Biological Transmutations" by Louis 
>           Kervran, [1972 Edition is BEST.], and in Chapter 17 of the 
>           book "THE SECRET LIFE OF PLANTS" [see Footnote] by Peter 
>           Tompkins and Christopher Bird, 1973: 
> 
>                (1) Obtain a good sample of plant seeds, all of the same 
>                    kind.  [Some kinds might work better that others.]
> 
>                (2) Divide the sample into two groups of equal weight 
>                    and number.
> 
>                (3) Sprout one group in distilled water on filter paper 
>                    for three or four weeks.
> 
>                (4) Separately incinerate both groups.
> 
>                (5) Weigh the residue from each group.  [The residue of 
>                    the sprouted group will usually weigh at least 
>                    SEVERAL PERCENT MORE than the other group.]

 This has been recently discussed in the Skeptical Inquirer.
 It amounts to little more than atomic numerology.
 
 Note that an additional way in which organisms can gain mass is 
 by ingesting water and food and chemically alterating these to 
 tissues.

-- 
 T. Joseph Lazio                | Why relativity? and Why  
 514 Space Sciences             | turbulence?  I really believe   
 Ithaca, NY  14853-6801         | [God] will have an answer for the
 (607) 255-6420                 | first [question].
 lazio@astrosun.tn.cornell.edu  |   -- W. Heisenberg, on his death bed
ICBM:                           |
 42 deg. 20' 08" N              |              STOP RAPE
 76 deg. 28' 48" W              |
Newsgroups: sci.astro
From: joe@montebello.NoSubdomain.NoDomain (Joe Dellinger)
Subject: Re: Why was the moon orange/red last night???
Reply-To: joe@montebello.soest.hawaii.edu
Organization: School of Ocean and Earth Science Technology
Date: Sat, 26 Sep 1992 12:50:11 GMT

In article <1992Sep25.141810.24941@spider.co.uk>, mikec@spider.co.uk (Mike Coren) writes:
|> ... the world was treated to spectacular sunrises and sunsets a little
|> while ago when Mount Pinatubo in The Philippines exploded ...

	And the effects are by no means over. I heard a week ago from a
professor here (who studies volcanoes and lofted dust) that he got a call
from the people in the Mojave desert who make electricity from sunlight...
their power output is down 25%, and they want to know when the sun's gonna
come back. Whether their problems are due to Pinatubo dust or not depend
on whom you talk to and whom you believe, but several people I've talked to
here seem to think that some of the environmental perturbations from Pinatubo
should only _now_ be coming into full force.

PS:	Please don't put Venus in Earth's orbit. It is an unstable
	configuration! Does anybody remember whether SIX equal-mass
	objects in a Hexagon shape about a central sun is stable?
	I seem to recall it is... but where would we get the extra four
	Venus's from? Oh, of course. We could just import them from other
	nearby star systems!

     /\    /\    /\/\/\/\/\/\/\.-.-.-.-.......___________
    /  \  /  \  /Hawaii Institute of Geophysics, Honolulu\/\/\.-.-....__
___/    \/    \/Joe Dellinger, Internet: joe@montebello.soest.hawaii.edu\/\.-.__
Xref: sparky sci.astro:10313 sci.space:13844 alt.sci.planetary:105
From: phfrom@nyx.uni-konstanz.de (Hartmut Frommert)
Newsgroups: sci.astro,sci.space,alt.sci.planetary
Subject: Re: Help! Need bitmaps (or good photographs) of planets viewed from earth
Date: 1 Oct 92 11:29:58 GMT
Organization: Dept. of Physics, University of Constance

knapp@spot.Colorado.EDU (David Knapp) writes:

>I'm seeking earth based photographs or graphics files of Jupiter or Mars
>taken from ground based telescopes. I need, yes, *mediocre* quality and they
>need to be large in number over short time durations.

If someone has, could you please post the pointer publicly ?
(also of Saturn ?)
--
 Hartmut Frommert                 <phfrom@nyx.uni-konstanz.de>
 Dept of Physics, Univ of Constance, P.O.Box 55 60, D-W-7750 Konstanz, Germany
                                           -- Eat whale killers, not whales --
From: newton@cs.utexas.edu (Peter Newton)
Newsgroups: sci.astro
Subject: Re: Review of Expert Astronomer (Mac software)
Date: 28 Sep 1992 00:36:17 -0500
Organization: CS Dept, University of Texas at Austin
NNTP-Posting-Host: mohawk.cs.utexas.edu

> Are you referring to Voyager 1.X or the new color version?

I refer to Voyager 1.2.  I did not know about 2.0.  I, too, would love
to hear about its new features.  Anybody out there have it?
-- 
 ----
Peter Newton (newton@cs.utexas.edu)
From: cam@syzygy.DIALix.oz.au (Cameron Newham)
Newsgroups: sci.astro
Subject: I APOLOGIZE
Distribution: world
Date: Tue, 06 Oct 92 02:51:40 GMT
Organization: Baldrick Fan Club
Reply-To: cam@syzygy.DIALix.oz.au


In article <1992Oct2.092222.1@tnclus.tele.nokia.fi> hporopudas@tnclus.tele.nokia.fi writes:

 > 
 > 
 > 
 >  I apologize all scientists, I lost my temper, because of too many
 >  unbusinesslike comments about my article.
 > 
 >  By these suffering of ordinary people I ment that when man is unhappy he
 >  suffers mentally.
 > 
 > 
 >  ---Hannu.
 > 

Look mate.  Would you like to take this argument someplace else?  I have to pay
for my downloading (I expect you don't).  I want to read articles in this
newsgroup which have something to do with the TITLE of this newsgroup.

If you want to argue about religeon, space potatoes, how your  employer is
going to terminate your job, calling people names, etc., please go somewhere
else.

I don't know what everyone else thinks but I am getting sick and tired of
reading this utter garbage.

BTW, if you want to argue with ME, please do so by email and don't waste more
space in this group.

Enough said.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Cameron (The Master)    | "I find it hard to take seriously the opinion of  |
| cam@syzygy.DIALix.oz.au |  someone who puts a Star Trek: TNG quote in their |
| cam@adied.oz.au         |  .sig"     --  Richard J. Rauser                  |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Newsgroups: sci.astro,rec.radio.amateur.misc,rec.radio.shortwave
From: oler@rho.uleth.ca (Cary Oler)
Subject: Daily Solar Geophysical Data Broadcast for 04 October
Organization: University of Lethbridge
Date:  6 Oct 92 00:02:50 GMT

!!BEGIN!! (1.0) S.T.D. Solar Geophysical Data Broadcast for DAY 278, 10/04/92
10.7 FLUX=126    90-AVG=123        SSN=186      BKI=3321 1011  BAI=006
BGND-XRAY=B2.7     FLU1=1.5E+06  FLU10=1.4E+04  PKI=2321 1111  PAI=006
  BOU-DEV=021,021,012,007,006,002,006,006   DEV-AVG=010 NT     SWF=01:024
 XRAY-MAX= M2.4   @ 2227UT    XRAY-MIN= B2.4   @ 1106UT   XRAY-AVG= B8.7
NEUTN-MAX= +004%  @ 1215UT   NEUTN-MIN= +000%  @ 2355UT  NEUTN-AVG= +1.4%
  PCA-MAX= -2.8DB @ 1610UT     PCA-MIN= -3.5DB @ 1445UT    PCA-AVG= -3.0DB
BOUTF-MAX=55431NT @ 1343UT   BOUTF-MIN=55400NT @ 1850UT  BOUTF-AVG=55421NT
GOES7-MAX=P:+092NT@ 2040UT   GOES7-MIN=N:-003NT@ 0302UT  G7-AVG=+073,+042,+009
GOES6-MAX=P:+100NT@ 2052UT   GOES6-MIN=E:-019NT@ 0335UT  G6-AVG=+083,-012,+034
 FLUXFCST=STD:130,135,130;SESC:130,135,130 BAI/PAI-FCST=010,010,010/010,010,010
    KFCST=2332 2223 2332 2223  27DAY-AP=018,018   27DAY-KP=2435 4333 2435 4335
 WARNINGS=*SWF
   ALERTS=**MINFLR:M2.4/SN@2227UTC,S05W90(7293)
!!END-DATA!!
From: J103680@LMSC5.IS.LMSC.LOCKHEED.COM
Newsgroups: sci.astro
Subject: X-ray map of N. California
Date: 5 Oct 92 20:53:28 GMT
Organization: Lockheed Missiles & Space Company, Inc.

I am searching for an X-ray map of Northern California to
reveal caves and caverns underground.  Know of any sources?
Newsgroups: sci.astro,rec.radio.amateur.misc,rec.radio.shortwave
From: oler@rho.uleth.ca (Cary Oler)
Subject: Daily Solar Geophysical Data Broadcast for 27 September
Organization: University of Lethbridge
Date: 28 Sep 92 08:26:54 GMT

!!BEGIN!! (1.0) S.T.D. Solar Geophysical Data Broadcast for DAY 271, 09/27/92
10.7 FLUX=121.1  90-AVG=124        SSN=132      BKI=1121 1111  BAI=003
BGND-XRAY=B2.7     FLU1=5.0E+05  FLU10=1.4E+04  PKI=1111 1211  PAI=004
  BOU-DEV=005,007,010,008,003,005,005,009   DEV-AVG=006 NT     SWF=00:000
 XRAY-MAX= C2.9   @ 2024UT    XRAY-MIN= B2.1   @ 0532UT   XRAY-AVG= B3.9
NEUTN-MAX= +005%  @ 1010UT   NEUTN-MIN= +000%  @ 2350UT  NEUTN-AVG= +1.1%
  PCA-MAX= +0.1DB @ 2255UT     PCA-MIN= -0.1DB @ 2350UT    PCA-AVG= +0.0DB
BOUTF-MAX=55437NT @ 1331UT   BOUTF-MIN=55409NT @ 1646UT  BOUTF-AVG=55428NT
GOES7-MAX=P:+390NT@ 1305UT   GOES7-MIN=N:+003NT@ 0706UT  G7-AVG=+077,+034,+010
GOES6-MAX=P:+103NT@ 0001UT   GOES6-MIN=E:-021NT@ 1648UT  G6-AVG=+088,-015,+019
 FLUXFCST=STD:120,120,120;SESC:120,120,120 BAI/PAI-FCST=007,010,020/010,015,035
    KFCST=2222 2222 2233 3322  27DAY-AP=007,007   27DAY-KP=1321 2222 1321 2222
 WARNINGS=
   ALERTS=**245STRM:1327-1456UTC
!!END-DATA!!
From: j.jahn@abbs.hanse.de (Jost Jahn)
Newsgroups: sci.astro
Subject: Sunspots at 01.10.1992.
Reply-To: j.jahn@abbs.hanse.de
Date: 01 Oct 92 19:36:00 MET
Distribution: sci
Organization: ABBS AstroMail, D-W 2121 Dahlenburg / Germany
X-Version: ZerUU V6.45c

Sunspots at 01.10.1992., 0 h UT.

No.    Pos.  Cl.  Ar.  Mag. SF  F  M  X
---------------------------------------
7289 10S 67W Hax  120   a
7293 07S 30W Eao   90   gd   1
7294 11S 08W Cho  270   b
7295 15N 16E Cso  150   b
7296 07N 15E Cao   70   b    2
7298 16N 49E Dao   50   b
7299 12N 63E Hsx   40   a


No optical or x-ray flares yesterday observed.


 
--
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ABBS AstroMail, the first and most popular German astronomical bulletin board
------------------------- for amateur astronomers ----------------------------
    + 49 5851 7896 / V.21, V.22, V.22bis, V.32, V.42, V.42bis and MNP5
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Newsgroups: sci.astro.fits
From: bschlesinger@nssdca.gsfc.nasa.gov (Barry Schlesinger)
Subject: Re: triple precision keywords
Summary: Fixed format is required only for mandatory keywords
News-Software: VAX/VMS VNEWS 1.41    
Keywords: fixed format, double precision  
Organization: NASA - Goddard Space Flight Center
Date: Fri, 2 Oct 1992 15:38:00 GMT

In article <1OCT199212490103@stars.gsfc.nasa.gov>, landsman@stars.gsfc.nasa.gov (Wayne Landsman (301)-286-3625) writes...

>    My current IDL FITS reader takes the NOST manual literally.   It
>only extracts the 20 characters in columns 11-30 to determine the FITS
>keyword value.    Any characters in columns 31-50 are interpreted as being
>the imaginary part of a complex number.
> 

This requirement applies only to fixed format.  The fixed format is
required only for values of mandatory keywords.  (At present, there
are no mandatory keywords with floating point values.)  For other
keyword values, it is recommended but not required.  See FITS Paper I,
which says "recommended, and partly required."  This language is
interpreted in 5.3.1 of the NOST standard by saying, "The fixed format
is required for values of mandatory keywords and recommended for all
others."  A well-recognized problem is that columns 11-30 do not
contain enough space to express the full precision of a double
precision floating point number.  The most common, but not standard or
required solution, is to extend the value beyond column 30.  A number
of proposed designs reviewed by the FITS office use this solution.  A
FITS reader that assumes that values of standard optional keywords or
user-defined keywords end in column 30 will not extract correct values
for some user-defined keywords in these data sets. 

Incidentally, EVERYBODY should be certain that their copy of the NOST
Standard is current.  The most recent version is 0.3b.  Some
misunderstandings have arisen because users are referring to 
superseded versions.

				Barry Schlesinger
				NOST FITS Support Office
From: news@yunoki.sjc.u-tokai.ac.jp (USENET News System)
Newsgroups: sci.astro.fits
Subject: Request interstellar distance info
Date: 1 Oct 92 15:03:05 GMT
Distribution: sci
Organization: TOKAI Univ. Junior College Shizuoka JPN


 Forgive me if this is a FAQ, but could someone post
 a brief summary of the methods we have to determine
 how far away different interstellar objects are, and
 how accurate we believe these methods to be?
 
 Mark Schnitzius
 schnitzi@eola.cs.ucf.edu
 Univ. of Central Florida
Newsgroups: sci.astro.fits
From: "Clive Page, Leicester Univ, UK" <CGP@STARLINK.LEICESTER.AC.UK>
Subject: Correction to my earlier article
Organization: National Radio Astronomy Observatory
Date: Mon, 28 Sep 1992 10:12:00 GMT

I'm grateful to Lucio Chiapetti of Milan for pointing out a silly mistake
in my article of last week "Some FITS tables suggestions".  In the
section on sexagesimal formatting I should, of course, have referred to
the TDISPnnn keyword (which contains the suggested external display form)
and not the TFORMnnn keyword (which describes the internal form) in
binary tables.  My apologies; I hope this didn't confuse too many other
people.

-Clive
Newsgroups: sci.astro.fits
From: thompson@stars.gsfc.nasa.gov (William Thompson, code 682.1, x2040)
Subject: Re:      Re: triple precision keywords
News-Software: VAX/VMS VNEWS 1.4-b1  
Organization: NASA/GSFC-Laboratory for Astronomy and Solar Physics
Date: Mon, 5 Oct 1992 18:01:00 GMT

In article <9210051405.AA21114@fits.cv.nrao.edu>, Lucio Chiappetti <lucio@ifctr.mi.cnr.it> writes...
>On Wed, 30 Sep 1992 17:15:10 GMT  <pence@heawk1.gsfc.nasa.gov> said:
>>
>>Here at the HEASARC we often need to express keyword values which have
>>more significant figures than can be stored in a double precision
> 
>  I actually wonder how this is SPECIFICALLY related to the example of
>  MJD discussed below, or is really general.
> 
>>A common example of this problem is the Modified Julian Date
>>which has a value something like 48043.8797453703700742
> 
>  I am inclined to think this is somehow related to the need of expressing
>  time quantities like this.
>  What I believe is needed is a way of defining some "compound" or "non-
>  primitive" data types. By non-primitive I mean they should go beyond the
>  usual CHARACTER, INTEGER, REAL and DOUBLE PRECISION supported by FITS.
>  I raised this point already in a previous posting.
>  In my view this concerns BOTH header keywords AS WELL AS data quantities
>  (e.g. columns in binary tables).
>  The sort of data types I am thinking of are quantities like :
> 

	(He goes on to describe suggested definitions of the quantities ANGLE,
	HANGLE, DATE, DATETIME, and TIME.  Definitions omitted to save space.)

I strongly suggest looking into the document "Time Code Formats" from the
Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems, CCSDS 301.0-B-2, April 1990.
This is available from

	CCSDS Secretariat
	Communications and Data Systems Division (Code-OS)
	National Aeronatuics and Space Administration
	Washington, DC 20546, USA

The topic of encoding date and time values into binary and ASCII values is
discussed there in some detail.  The suggested format for ASCII encoding is
briefly outlined below for the following example (5 Oct 1992 at 1:23:45 UT)

			   1992-10-05T01:23:45.000Z

The number of decimal places after the seconds field ("45") can be whatever is
appropriate, or can be omitted entirely.  Encoding only date, or only time,
values is also discussed.

It's always better to use a pre-existing standard than to reinvent the wheel.

On another note, I agree with Wayne Landsman that encoding the more-than-double
precision value as a character string, i.e.

	MJD     = '48043.8797453703700742'    /  MJD

is preferable to

	MJD     =      48043.8797453703700742 /  MJD

Bill Thompson
Newsgroups: sci.astro.fits
From: oler@rho.uleth.ca (Cary Oler)
Subject: WARNING: Potential Geomagnetic Storm Warning - High Risk
Organization: University of Lethbridge
Date: 29 Sep 92 07:24:32 GMT

                /\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\

                     POTENTIAL GEOMAGNETIC STORM WARNING

                        ISSUED: 06:30 UT, 29 SEPTEMBER

                /\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\


    HIGH RISK PERIOD:  29 Sep - 01 Oct (UT days)
MODERATE RISK PERIOD:  29 Sep - 30 Sep

POTENTIAL LOW-MIDDLE LATITUDE STORM INTENSITY:  MAJOR
      POTENTIAL HIGH LATITUDE STORM INTENSITY:  MAJOR

      POTENTIAL DURATION OF GEOMAGNETIC STORM:  24 TO 72 HOURS

POTENTIAL PEAK LOW-MIDDLE LATITUDE K-INDEX VALUES:  7
      POTENTIAL PEAK HIGH LATITUDE K-INDEX VALUES:  8

   POTENTIAL FOR LOW LATITUDE HF DEGRADATION:  MODERATE TO HIGH
        POTENTIAL SEVERITY OF HF DEGRADATION:  MINOR
          EXPECTED HF PROPAGATION CONDITIONS:  MOSTLY FAIR

POTENTIAL FOR MIDDLE LATITUDE HF DEGRADATION:  MODERATE TO HIGH
        POTENTIAL SEVERITY OF HF DEGRADATION:  MAJOR
          EXPECTED HF PROPAGATION CONDITIONS:  FAIR TO VERY POOR

  POTENTIAL FOR HIGH LATITUDE HF DEGRADATION:  HIGH
        POTENTIAL SEVERITY OF HF DEGRADATION:  MAJOR
          EXPECTED HF PROPAGATION CONDITIONS:  POOR TO COMPLETE ABSORPTION

POTENTIAL RISK FOR GEOSYNCHRONOUS MAGNETOPAUSE CROSSINGS:  60 %

SUSPECTED SOURCE OF OBSERVED/EXPECTED ACTIVITY: Well placed coronal hole.


---------------------------------       ---------------------------------
EST. POTENTIAL GEOMAGNETIC IMPACT       EST. POTENTIAL IONOSPHERIC IMPACT
---------------------------------       ---------------------------------
       SEVERE STORM : 35 %                 LOW LATITUDES : MINOR
        MAJOR STORM : 30 %              MIDDLE LATITUDES : MAJOR
        MINOR STORM : 30 %                HIGH LATITUDES : MAJOR
     ACTIVE OR LESS :  5 %               POLAR LATITUDES : MAJOR
---------------------------------       ---------------------------------
 PROBABLE SI ASSOCIATION : NONE       ESTIMATED GLOBAL IMPACT: MINOR - MAJOR


PREDICTED PLANETARY GEOMAGNETIC ACTIVITY FOR 29-30 SEPTEMBER
------------------------------------------------------------

PEAK PLANETARY (24-HOUR) A-INDEX: 60 (MINOR STORM)


**  End of Warning  **
From: worden@ut-emx.uucp (Sue J. Worden)
Newsgroups: sci.astro
Subject: Star Formation and Early Life
Date: 30 Sep 92 13:42:24 GMT
Organization: The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas


o How do stars form?
o What are the mechanisms by which fusion begins in a star?
o During the early life of a star, what kind of matter is
  present and how is it distributed throughout the volume?
o Et cetera

I am looking for something at the level of, say, a Scientific
American article that addresses these sorts of questions.  I
am trying to satisfy curiosity that was piqued by an article
I read recently about supernova.  I do *not* have the training
(or the time right now) to slog my way through journal papers
or specialized textbooks.

If you know of an appropriate reference, please email me.

Thanks,

:Sue Worden (worden@emx.cc.utexas.edu)
Newsgroups: sci.astro,alt.sci.planetary
From: cain@geomag.gly.fsu.edu (Joe Cain)
Subject: magnetic braking
Followup-To: sci.astro
Organization: Florida State University Geology Dept.
Date: Sun, 27 Sep 92 16:24:26 GMT


Can anyone clarify the present ideas on magnetic breaking as the
mechanism whereby the Sun lost it angular momentum during Solar system
formation? Specifically I am unclear as to whether this was theorized
to have taken place before or after nuclear fusion started in the Sun.
Also, has there been any new work done on why the nebula would have
been sufficiently ionized to have a good handle on the Sun's field?

Hartmann (1993, Moons and Planets) points to a paper by Consolmagno
and Jokopii (1978) suggesting 26Al or 40K had enough emissions to have
caused the ionoization, whereas earlier work apparently had used the
heating from infall. 
Joseph Cain		cain@geomag.gly.fsu.edu
cain@fsu.bitnet		scri::cain