HDTenEightyP/NetNews huggingface dataset:
From: srini@ireq-num.hydro.qc.ca
Subject: Caste free Saivism in Tamil region
Originator: srini@acr
Reply-To: srini@ireq-num.hydro.qc.ca (K.Srinivasan)
Organization: IREQ, Hydro-Quebec, QC, Canada
Date: Fri, 16 Oct 1992 19:05:03 GMT

rs6x+@andrew.cmu.edu (Ranjith Ravindiran Suresh) writes:
>Shaivism doesn't need Brahminsm for survival. Some Brahmans, of course
>make it so for their good. How long will this caste division go on? We
>Tamils didn't have this nonsense in the earlier times. 

Banning everything other than Saivism, is not going to bring back the
'glorious' caste free society. Several posters have pointed out, the
significance of Sri Vaishnavism version of Brahmanism, whose founder
Sri Ramanuja, revolted against Brahmanism, by publicly giving out the
'secret' manthra to people of all castes. Later he took a non-Brahman
Guru. He raised the status of Tamil aazhwar's work to equal or even
higher than the Vedas. The Tamil version of vedas could be recited by
and listened to by 'women' as well as all castes.

For these reforms, he was thrown out of Tamil region, where the
Saivite, casteism was strongly supported by Tamil Kings (not Brahman kings),
who found his ideas, a threat to caste based divisions.

Holding Brahmins, responsible for caste based division in Tamil Nadu is
non-sense. They concentrated on education by tradition. But they did not
benefit economically from caste based division. So they are not responsible.

K. Srinivasan at Hydro Quebec.   srini@ireq-num.hydro.qc.ca
Newsgroups: soc.culture.tamil
From: janand@vela.acs.oakland.edu (Jayaraman Anand)
Subject: Re: Rajinikanth's kindness
Organization: Oakland University, Rochester MI.
Date: Fri, 9 Oct 1992 00:41:42 GMT

kumar@syd.dit.CSIRO.AU (V.R.Kumar) writes:

>movie Aaaj Ka Goonda raj and Vijashanti
>is the highest paid female actress.

Are there male actresses too ? -;)

J Anand.
Newsgroups: soc.culture.tamil
From: srini@ireq-num.hydro.qc.ca
Subject: We need a Tamil koodal (Sangam)
Originator: srini@acr
Reply-To: srini@ireq-num.hydro.qc.ca (K.Srinivasan)
Organization: IREQ, Hydro-Quebec, QC, Canada
Date: Fri, 16 Oct 1992 19:08:26 GMT

rs6x+@andrew.cmu.edu (Ranjith Ravindiran Suresh) writes:
> Judging by the appearance, color and features of many Brahmins I have
> seen, I'm confinced that their ancestry is not Tamil. Ayal naadu thantha
> paricu! I have also seen Brahmins who have typical Tamil features. Their
> numbers, of course are in small numbers.

This is a racist statement, which has no place in Modern society.
Does one recommend throwing out those whose ancestry is not Tamil,
even if he/she has taken to tamil ways, customs, language and culture.

Then invite those, who have no respect for Tamil culture, just
because their blood is 100% Tamil.

> Cowards betraying the Thamil Thai for the sake of personal 'fortunes,'
> upholding the divisive caste system.

Unfortunately, there are plenty of such people still today.

> A Dravidian party with a Brahman as their chief in power...and enough
> apologosts to justify it. A terrible toll for Tamils indeed.

A person should be judged by his/her beliefs and actions. Not by his/her race.
One should be free to criticize the actions.

> We need a Tamil sangam.
> thambi

Exactly. 'Sangam', whose Tamil equivalent is 'koodal' means 'unity'.

K. Srinivasan at Hydro Quebec.   srini@ireq-num.hydro.qc.ca
Xref: sparky soc.culture.tamil:2728 soc.culture.indian:33516
From: vaidhyan@ecn.purdue.edu (Ramesh Vaidhyanathan)
Subject: Madam
Keywords: peNmai 
Reply-To: vaidhyan@cn.ecn.purdue.edu
Organization: Purdue University Engineering Computer Network
Date: Mon, 12 Oct 1992 22:24:44 GMT

On seeing the discussion on "achcham, madam, naNam and 
payiRppu" in SCT, I looked into "ThirukkuraL Iniya urai"
by `pulavar ira. narayaNasamy'. In `kamaththuppAl', in
`kaRppiyal', in the `athikAram' titled `kurippaRivuruththal',
I found the following `kuRaL' and it's translation:

(`kurippaRivuruththal' athikAram discusses about `(kamaththil)
  oruvar kurippinai oruvarukku uNarththuthal').


kuRaL:
-----

"kaNNiRaintha kArikaik kAmpErthOt pEthaikkup
 peNNiRaintha nIrmai perithu"

Meaning:
-------

"kaNNiRaintha azhakinaiyum, mOnkilaip pOnRa thOLinaiyumudaiya
 en kathaliyidam peNmaikkuriya madamai mikuthiyaka uLLathu"

In the above meaning of the kuRaL, the author uses `madamai'
as the meaning for `nIrmai' (for which I do not know the 
other meanings). Since the above kuRaL is in the athikaram
`kurippaRivuruththal', I interpret the meaning of the
kuRaL as follows:

"kaNNiRaintha azhakinaiyum, mOnkilaip pOnRa thOLinaiyumudaiya
en kathaliyidam, `manathil ninaippathaik (manathin AsaikaLai)
kuRippAl enakku uNarththa mudiyatha' peNNukkE uRiya 'madamai'
mikuthiyaka uLLathu.  

(I also came up with this meaning based on the meaning of the 
 kuRaL which preceeds this kuRaL. The meaning of that kuRaL is:

 "thuNaiviyE! nI ennidam solla maraiththAlum un kaNkaL unnaiyum
  mIrich sollath thuNiyum seithi onRu uNdu. theLivAka athai
  nIyE sollividu" ).

In this context, 'madami' does not mean ignorance, but it means
`manathil ninaippathai (manathin AsaikaLai?) veLippadaiyaka solla 
mudiyamal thadukkinRa oru kuNam'.
 
anbudan,

-Ramesh Vaidhyanathan.
Newsgroups: soc.culture.tamil
From: rags@casbah.acns.nwu.edu (Raghavan Jayaraman)
Subject: An interview on Modern Literature:- Part 4
Organization: Northwestern University, Evanston Illinois.
Date: Sat, 10 Oct 1992 15:54:15 GMT

Prelude:-

	As I wanted there were some  interesting stuff brought by
Sundaramurthy in response to my article. I will eloborate on them once I
complete this series.

-------------------
[ I have deleted some discussions on Sujata's novel 'Gayatri']

Padigal:-
	......We notice a  tinge of humanism in your stories. In 'selvam'
you characterise poor  to be forthright. In 'nagaram' we get a feel of your
humanistic outlook. Is such a humanism  an  expression of your deep insight
or a mere reflection of traditonal writings and sayings?

Sujata:-
	I don't think anyone can write without sincere humanism.

Padigal:-
	 But facists have written.

Sujata:-
	No!  I believe even John Bowls, a known facist has written with
some humanism.

padigal:-
	Generally you address the readers in first person in your stories.
You write "This is an entertainment. I am going to amuse you in a dreamy
world". As Ganakoothan says when dreary thoughts about job  push one into
depressive mood that he/she starts some soul searching. Such person would
not seek comfort in entertainments. Entertaining literature
de-humanize  him/her; makes  him/her to be a stranger to him/her self.
Similarly cinema drives   some one  to accept  such a pointless life. This is
where the commercialism thrives.  You call such a stranger's world as
'dreamy world' [preface for 'pAAdi rAjyam]. How do you justify such
creation in your stories?

Sujata:-
	  It seems to me that writing doesn't end at short stories/novels.
A story can be natural / well known for its subtleties. Nevertheless when it  
condenses events that occurs over few years or minutes, an artificiallity/a
subjectivity also comes along with it. We can trace this desire for stories
to stone ages. In caves, during nights,  in the shadow of fire , stories
are told  to  ignore the dark; the fear. So a story is
make-believe one.  There is literature beyond these stories too.

 ----------------To Be Continued----

raghavan
 

Newsgroups: soc.culture.tamil
From: kumar@syd.dit.CSIRO.AU (V.R.Kumar)
Subject: Re: Marriages
Keywords: soc.culture.tamil
Organization: CSIRO Division of Info Tech, Sydney, Australia
Date: Wed, 7 Oct 92 22:54:24 GMT

In article <2145@grivel.une.edu.au> gseshadr@neumann.une.edu.au (Govind) writes:
>Recently i had been to Madras . I was really shocked to hear from one
>of my friends about a marriage that took place recently (a fortnight back)
>The groom was from the US and they really demanded a heavy amount from the
>bride's family. Having lived in a society which is much more educated does
>it seem to be barbaric to do such things? When are these things going to end 
>in our society ? Kalam marinalum manidhargal maramattargala?
>
>I wouild like to see response regarding this . Let us try and stop this rut
>which is taking place
>
>Govindarajan seshadri
>email : gseahadr@neumann.une.edu.au

Dear Mr.Seshadri,

99.5% of the marriages involve dowry. The most horrible thing is 
grooms in the USA asking for dowry. Lets assume that they ask for 
10 lakhs as dowry. It is equivalent to US$ 33,000 approx. 
US$33,000 is not a big money for people in the US at all. But still
they want it. They like to see other people suffer. Its we who live
abroad shold make a decision not to get any dowry. V should create
a new generation. But how many of us living abroad will not ask for
dowry is the question !!!. Panam endraal paeyum vaayai pilakkumae !!!

Anpudan,

V R Kumar

 
-- 
--------------------------------------------------------
   V.R.KUMAR, Knowledge-Based Systems Program
   CSIRO Division of Information Technology                         
   6 Giffnock Avenue, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia
Newsgroups: soc.culture.tamil
From: thiyagarajan@mims.enet.dec.com (RT)
Subject: Re: Distortion in Meenan Vishnu Opposed
Organization: Digital Equipment Corporation
Date: Tue, 13 Oct 1992 13:11:49 GMT



In article <EeqVfsW00WB_0l12ZX@andrew.cmu.edu>, Ranjith Ravindiran Suresh <rs6x+@andrew.cmu.edu> writes...
>Wait a minute. Mr. Thiagarajan says that Jeyalalitha is a Tamil.

Pl define the word Tamil Who are tamils and who are non-tamils?

>Mmmm......  I thought that she was a guinea pig that crawled out of slime.
>Anybody read 'Animal Farm?' She would be the perfect character from that book.
>Shrewdness, wickedness and sycophancy are just some of many traits
>of 'Madam Jeya.' This particular sycopant even has a cult following. Its a utterthat disgrace that this wicked witch enjoys the title 'Chief Minister.'

You are engaging in personal attack because you do not have any valid points.

> 
>anbudan,
>ungal thambi

RT (ltte sympathizers and 'anbu' an unholy combination)
Newsgroups: soc.culture.tamil
From: rags@casbah.acns.nwu.edu (Raghavan Jayaraman)
Subject: An Interview on Modern Literature :- Part 5
Organization: Northwestern University, Evanston Illinois.
Date: Sun, 11 Oct 1992 17:35:40 GMT

Padigal:-
	So in absolute terms, no can write realistically?
Sujata:-
	No! If someone wants to write thatway, then like   James Joyce and
Ulysses, he/she has to write like a  stream of conciousness. They would write
about shaving in 30 pages; so much they would be ruminating. That 's realism.
 Whenever we approximate, it becomes unreal. Even Satyajit Ray's films have
music. Though he claims that to be real, you have to compromise at various
levels. 

Padigal:-
	So unlike photography, realism doesn't have that much truth in it.
An imagination which is rootless and unrelated to societal conditions, like
a cinema, can be termed as unreal. So realsim isn't direct reporting.

Sujata:-
	Yes! that's correct.What I say is this:- the moment anything is
reported or written, truth suffers. This is very fundamental. When
reporting, selection is ineluctable which inturn would reflect on that
person's personality. You say that I create a fantasy world. Yes!  I do.
How much truth  or imagination in it?- it depends on an individual. So
unaffected reflection, as in photography,  isn't possible.

Padigal:-
	But there is a literary movement for realism.

Sujata:-
	That is when Vannadasan elaborates about a walking person, the
nuances he uses to describe every movement, all of them is his selection.
Just a manifestation of personality. Here comes the subjectivity and his
interpretations. 

Padigal:-
	One can write objectively instead !
Sujata:-
	Yes! That depends on me. I can write only my experiences but not
something imaginary.

Padigal:-
	How about complete imagination?
Sujata:-
	It's impossible. One can write only by  mixing reality with
imagination. The only book written without any imagination is Telephone
Directory!
--------------
	[my[JR] comment :- Hmm! Sujata hasn't seen Madras Directory. How
many ghosts have their telephone #? ]
---------------------
[to be continued]

raghavan


	
	

Xref: sparky soc.culture.tamil:2747 soc.culture.indian:33647
From: raman@cs.utexas.edu (Raman Rajagopalan)
Newsgroups: soc.culture.tamil,soc.culture.indian
Subject: Re: Distortion in Meenan Vishnu Opposed
Date: 12 Oct 1992 15:48:10 -0500
Organization: CS Dept, University of Texas at Austin
NNTP-Posting-Host: bathtub.cs.utexas.edu

In article <geqOccS00WBOQ2pWxH@andrew.cmu.edu> Ranjith Ravindiran Suresh <rs6x+@andrew.cmu.edu> writes:

>I don't like Brahmanis and the anyone who upholds it. That category of
>people include some Brahamans and upper-caste Tamils. I despise them
>all. It is because of people like these Tamils are divided. 

>thambi

In this post, you are presenting a means of division.  Please hang yourself
first before you hang others.  Face it, there days, it's the brahmin
bashers that are separating tamils into groups - those to bash, and
those not to bash.

- raman rajagopalan

Xref: sparky soc.culture.tamil:2753 soc.culture.indian:33664
From: nish@cv4.chem.purdue.edu (Nishantha I.)
Newsgroups: soc.culture.tamil,soc.culture.indian
Subject: Re: Distortion in Meenan Vishnu Opposed
Date: 12 Oct 92 20:51:44 GMT
Organization: My own

In article <geqOccS00WBOQ2pWxH@andrew.cmu.edu> rs6x+@andrew.cmu.edu (Ranjith Ravindiran Suresh) writes:
>I don't like Brahmanis and the anyone who upholds it.
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
	Well first he did'nt like the Sinhalese,then the Moslems then the
	EPRLF,PLOTE etc ....and now after so many postings he finally
	shows his true colors(or the tail!!).He does'nt like the Brahmins
	too.Then again he doesnt like high caste Tamils.My My My
	seems like this guy has a major social adjustment problem.
		HE DOESN'T LIKE ANYBODY EXCEPT PEOPLE WHO SINGS THE
	PRAISES OF MURDERS AND THIEVES .	
 That category of
>people include some Brahamans and upper-caste Tamils. 
>I despise them
>all. It is because of people like these Tamils are divided.
	First he devides the tamils to brahmins high castes etc and 
	and in the same breath blabbers how bad it is for the tamils
	to be devided!! 		
>
>thambi
	He even has the nerve to assume the nome de gurre of his boss
	herr Prabha by signing off as thambi? What a coward.He is
	by all means a Tiger who does his fighting with with his
	idiosyncracies sitting down right here in Pittsburgh.As for
	the true tigers they must be laughing their butts off for 
	this paper tiger.

		sincerely

		Nishantha
Organization: Senior, Civil Engineering, Carnegie Mellon, Pittsburgh, PA
Newsgroups: soc.culture.tamil,soc.culture.indian
Date: Mon, 12 Oct 1992 12:39:04 -0400 
From: Ranjith Ravindiran Suresh <rs6x+@andrew.cmu.edu>
Subject: Re: Distortion in Meenan Vishnu Opposed
	<1992Oct12.123013.29923@engage.pko.dec.com>

>Let me ask you this. Let us assume that all brahmins are aryans, came from a
>foreign country and settled in TN. If a sri-lankan tamil refugee can seek
>asylum in Canada and have equal rights as a canadian citizen why not all the
>immigrants to TN who came hundreds of years ago be given equal rights?

I don't like Brahmanis and the anyone who upholds it. That category of
people include some Brahamans and upper-caste Tamils. I despise them
all. It is because of people like these Tamils are divided. You my
friend has all the distintions of a 'spoiler and a divider.' Where would
you 'fit in'?

thambi

Newsgroups: soc.culture.tamil,soc.culture.indian,soc.culture.indian.telugu
From: uds@parvathi.cs.wayne.edu (Seetamraju)
Subject: ... lets contribute ot rit...
Keywords: Tamil, Sanskrit, North indian languages, kinship, language heritage
Organization: Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
Date: Fri, 16 Oct 1992 21:39:46 GMT


Those who have managed to get rit program :: how about increasing the list of
names and nouns in the file called `names' :: for example, I find it easier to
type chiranjeevi.  rather than ciranjeevi.  And similarly the ooru-pErulu.

SI am compiling the following list, as adn when I get a new  word ?  Somebody
willing to take up this effort ?  Else mail me any new words.  BUT FIRST LOOK
in the file called names before you send me one...

It should be in the folloqing format :-

BANGALORE ; Bangalore ; bangalore
BOMBAY ; Bombay ; bombay
CALCUTTA ; Calcutta ; calcutta
CHIRANJEEVI ; Chiranjeevi ; chiranjeevi
CINEMA ; Cinema ; cinema
CUDDUPAH ; Cuddupah ; cuddupah
DELHI ; Delhi ; delhi
GUNTUR ; Guntur ; guntur
HYDERABAD ; Hyderabad ; hyderabad
JAYAPRADA ; Jayaprada ; jayaprada 
KURNOOL ; Kurnool ; kurnool
NARASIMHA ; Narasimha ; narasimha 
NARASING ; Narasing ; narasing 
NELLORE ; Nellore ; nellore
NEWDELHI ; NewDelhi ; Newdelhi ; newdelhi 
RAO ; Rao ; rao 
SECUNDERABAD ; Secunderabad ; secunderabad
SRIDEVI ; SriDevi ; Sridevi ; sridevi
TENALI ; Tenali ; tenali
VIJAYAWADA ; Vijayawada ; vijayawada 

Try adding more...


Seetamraju Udaya Bhaskar Sarma
(email : seetam @ ece7 . eng . wayne . edu)

later I shall petition kishore et al. to find time to include
these for the convenience of all...
Newsgroups: soc.culture.tamil,soc.culture.indian
From: kat@doe.carleton.ca (Kathiravan Krishnamurthi)
Subject: tamizhar
Organization: Dept. of Electronics, Carleton University
Date: Sat, 10 Oct 1992 03:21:47 GMT

 "pongu tamizharkku innal viLaiththaal sankaaram
 nisamendRu sangE muzhangu"

  Bharathidaasan
Newsgroups: soc.culture.tamil
From: kbalasub@sparcle.oracle.com (Kris Balasubramanian)
Subject: Re: Distortion in Meenan Vishnu Opposed
Reply-To: kbalasub@sparcle.oracle.com
Organization: Oracle Corp., Redwood Shores CA
Date: Thu, 15 Oct 1992 19:45:07 GMT
X-Disclaimer: This message was written by an unauthenticated user
              at Oracle Corporation.  The opinions expressed are those
              of the user and not necessarily those of Oracle.

In article 8er7qX600iUxI51nhe@andrew.cmu.edu, rs6x+@andrew.cmu.edu (Ranjith Ravindiran Suresh) writes:
>>of Jaya. Definitely not. Its just because Jeya is very much against
>>LTTE and the SL tamils living in TN. So Ranjith, do not be emotional.
>
>No. I never liked her coming to power. For simple reasons:
>
>1. She was MGR's mistress. But, acted as though she was.
>2. Won the election with the sympathy vote as though SHE WAS Rajiv's widow.
>
>Doesn't have the credentials to be a chieg minister. Having slept with
>the ex-chief minister isn't good enough. Also, I have to point out that
>I dislike Mr. Karunanidhi also. He's unprincipled and will do anything
>to please anyone....good in changing the tunes. I heard he has 10-12
>mistresses?
>
>thambi


Credentials defined by who? YOU!#@. Have you heard this saying
	"You get what you deserve"
Tamilians only deserve MGR, Karunanidi and Jaya.  I myself think Jaya has more
credentials than the other two (irrespective of whom she slept with ,which is none of
anybody's business except her and the other person she slept with).

Dont keepon whining.

Newsgroups: soc.culture.tamil
From: durai@ORTTA (Appadurai V.)
Subject: Re: More on achcham, naaNam, madam and payirppu
Organization: U of Mn
Date: Tue, 13 Oct 1992 13:22:07 GMT

In article <9210130107.AA05805@cec1.wustl.edu> sp2@cec1.wustl.edu (Sundara Pandian) writes:


>This is not true. `Ignorance' is indeed one of the  meanings
>of  the  word `madam', but whether it is the meaning of `ma-
>dam' as a feminine quality is debatable. 

I agree.  I was refering to "madam" in the "feminine quality" context.

Newsgroups: soc.culture.tamil,soc.culture.indian
From: kumar@syd.dit.CSIRO.AU (V.R.Kumar)
Subject: Re: Distortion in Meenan Vishnu Opposed
Organization: CSIRO Division of Info Tech, Sydney, Australia
Date: Tue, 13 Oct 92 22:46:03 GMT

>
>
>In article <EeqVfsW00WB_0l12ZX@andrew.cmu.edu>, Ranjith Ravindiran Suresh <rs6x+@andrew.cmu.edu> writes...
>>Wait a minute. Mr. Thiagarajan says that Jeyalalitha is a Tamil.
>
>
>>Mmmm......  I thought that she was a guinea pig that crawled out of slime.
>>Anybody read 'Animal Farm?' She would be the perfect character from that book.
>>Shrewdness, wickedness and sycophancy are just some of many traits
>>of 'Madam Jeya.' This particular sycopant even has a cult following. Its a utterthat disgrace that this wicked witch enjoys the title 'Chief Minister.'
>

Ranjith's attack on Jeya is just because of one main reason. It is not
because he is worried to see TN and its people suffering in the hands
of Jaya. Definitely not. Its just because Jeya is very much against
LTTE and the SL tamils living in TN. So Ranjith, do not be emotional.
Rather than having serious problems in TN as it is in SL where innocent
people fled for their life, it is better to live in a place peacefully
despite being ruled by the so called wicked witch. V do not want to
make TN as another SL. TN is presently having a bad time. But things  
will change.

Anpudan,

V R Kumar


-- 
--------------------------------------------------------
   V.R.KUMAR, Knowledge-Based Systems Program
   CSIRO Division of Information Technology                         
   6 Giffnock Avenue, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia
Newsgroups: soc.culture.tamil
From: meena@top.cis.syr.edu (Meenakshi Arunachalam)
Subject: Re: More on achcham, naaNam, madam and payirppu
Organization: Syracuse University, CIS Dept.
Date: Wed, 14 Oct 92 09:48:46 EDT

I haven't had a chance to read SCT in a long time. When I recently
got a chance to browse through it, I saw this series of posting on
"accham, naanam etc..." and on how women should posess it or are/were
expected to posess it. But, I haven't seen any women posting their
opinions about it. Then again, there are not that many postings from
women. From my viewpoint, these are all STANDARDS set by a man and
shows the male chauvinism of the period in which it was written. I
wonder whether it is worthwhile discussing about this at this point
of time. Maybe I am wrong. Maybe they are relevant even now. In which
case times haven't changed much. Men set standards for women then and
they still do. I wonder if there were any standards set for men[ofcourse
by men!!!]. I doubt if there are any and even if there are it would
be to boost their egos and talk about bravery etc..  Whereas for women,
it should be qualities which should make her feel humble, modest and
meek. Do I see "double standards" here or am I just hallucinating
that there is a blatant inequality here? Now, I don't want to be
labelled as a feminist, beacuse I am not one. I just could not close
my eyes to this discussion which is a wonderful specimen of what our 
society expected of women and what they still do. 

-Meena
From: durai@ORTTA (Appadurai V.)
Newsgroups: soc.culture.tamil
Subject: engEyO padiththa (tamizhk) kavidhai
Date: 16 Oct 92 22:07:48 GMT
Distribution: soc.culture.tamil
Organization: U of Mn

ninaivilirindhu...


moongil pulambal

engaLai vaiththup 
pala siluvai seiyum manidharE
ungaLai vaiththu En 
innumoru Esuvai seiya mudiyavillai ?


(vaaliyin kavidhaiyenRu ninaikkiREn...(ennaal) uru maaRiyiRukkalam, 
kavidhaiyin karu maaRavillai..)
Xref: sparky soc.culture.tamil:2847 soc.culture.indian:34113 soc.culture.indian.telugu:593