From: g44190a@nucc.cc.nagoya-u.ac.jp (Kazuhisa Miwa)
Newsgroups: fj.ai
Subject: Death of Allen Newell
Date: 22 Jul 92 00:56:36 GMT
Distribution: fj
Organization: Nagoya University Computation Center, Nagoya, Japan.

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Internationally Noted Computer Scientist Allen Newell

Allen Newell, one of the founders of the fields of artificial
intelligence and cognitive science, died early today (July 19) at
Montefiore Hospital here. He was 65.

Newell earned an international reputation for his pioneering work in
artificial intelligence, the theory of human cognition and development
of computer software and hardware systems for complex information
processing.

Last month he was awarded the National Medal of Science by President Bush.

Newell's career spanned the entire computer era, which began in the
early 1950s. The fields of artificial intelligence and cognitive science
grew in part from his idea that computers could process symbols as well
as numbers, and if programmed properly would be capable of solving
problems in the same way humans do.

In cognitive science, he focused on problem solving and the cognitive
architecture that supports intelligent action in humans and machines. In
computer science, he worked on areas as diverse as list processing,
computer description languages, hypertext systems and psychologically
based models of human-computer interaction.

Since the early 1980s, his work has centered on the development of
"Soar," an artificially intelligent software system capable of solving
problems and learning in ways similar to human beings. The goal of
"Soar" is to provide an underlying structure that would enable a
computer system to perform a range of cognitive tasks. "Soar" has been
in use for the past five years as a framework for several intelligent
systems at research institutions around the country.

A native of San Francisco, Newell received a bachelor's degree in
physics from Stanford University in 1949. He spent a year at Princeton
University doing graduate work in mathematics, and worked for the Rand
Corporation as a research scientist from 1950-61. While at Rand, he met
Nobel Laureate Herbert A. Simon, then a professor of industrial
administration at Carnegie Institute of Technology (CIT), now Carnegie
Mellon University. Their discussions on how human thinking could be
modeled led Newell to come to Pittsburgh so the two could collaborate.
Newell earned a doctor's degree in industrial administration from CIT's
business school in 1957.

Newell joined the CIT faculty as a professor in 1961. He played a
pivotal role in creating Carnegie Mellon~s School of Computer Science
and elevating the school to world-class status.

Newell, the U.A. and Helen Whitaker professor of computer science at the
time of his death, wrote and co-authored more than 250 publications,
including 10 books. He co-authored "Human Problem Solving" with Simon in
1972, and co-authored "The Psychology of Human-Computer Interaction"
with two colleagues in 1983. His most recent book, "Unified Theories of
Cognition," published by Harvard University Press in 1990, is based on
the thesis that tools are at hand that will allow cognitive scientists
to develop one unified theory to describe many different types of
behavior, instead of building separate theories to cover isolated
aspects, as has long been the practice. A system based on a unified
theory could support the full range of intelligent behaviors.

Newell's awards and honors include the Harry Goode Award of the American
Federation of Information Processing Societies (1971); the A.M. Turing
Award of the Association for Computing Machinery, jointly with Simon
(1975); the Alexander C. Williams Jr. Award of the Human Factors Society
(1979); the Distinguished Research Contribution Award of the American
Psychological Association (1985); the Research Excellence Award of the
International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (1989); the
Emanuel R. Piore Award of the Institute for Electrical and Electronic
Engineers (1990); and the Franklin Institute's Louis E. Levy Medal
(1992). He was awarded honorary doctor's degrees by the University of
Pennsylvania and Groeningen University in the Netherlands.

Newell was a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the National
Academy of Engineering and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He
was the first president of the American Association for Artificial
Intelligence and president of the Cognitive Science Society. In 1987 he
delivered the William James Lectures to the Department of Psychology at
Harvard. Those lectures formed the basis for his book, "Unified Theories
of Cognition."

Newell is survived by his wife, Noel and a son, Paul, who lives in California.
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