HDTenEightyP/NetNews huggingface dataset:
From: aterry@Teknowledge.COM (Allan Terry)
Newsgroups: sci.archaeology
Subject: flint blades for medicine
Date: 28 Sep 92 16:04:33 GMT
Article-I.D.: alfred.30991
Distribution: na
Organization: Cimflex Teknowledge Corporation, Knowledge Systems Division

This isn't quite archaeological, but there seem to be a number of flint
knappers here.  I heard that some surgeons are starting to use flint scapels
for certain specific operations (e.g., eye operations) because they are
sharper than steel.  I guess they use them once and throw them away.

Anybody know if this is true?  If so, where do they get the blades?  The
blades must be pretty small.  I'd find it amusing to discover a knapper on a
hospital payroll, but rather doubt it.
						Allan

internet: aterry@teknowledge.com
uucp:	  {uunet|sun|ucbvax|decwrl|uw-beaver}!aterry%teknowledge.com
Old Russian proverb: "He who invokes the law grasps a wolf by the ears"
Newsgroups: sci.archaeology
From: rgep@emu.pmms.cam.ac.uk (Richard Pinch)
Subject: Re: Concrete Pyramids
Keywords: Egyptian Pyramids Concrete
Organization: DPMMS University of Cambridge
Date: Fri, 2 Oct 1992 08:41:44 GMT

I don't know the source of the rumour, but I can say it is
rubbish.  I've been there, I've seen the stones, I've seen
the quarries the stone came from.  

Richard Pinch
Newsgroups: sci.archaeology
From: lrfox@silver.ucs.indiana.edu (linda ream fox)
Subject: Sphinx
Organization: Indiana University
Date: Mon, 5 Oct 1992 07:10:52 GMT

There is a scientist who, seemingly, has found evidence that the Sphinx is
much older than we supposed.  He doesn't dispute that there is a resemblence
to Keops, since he believes that the sphinx was considerably altered by that
pharoah.

Unfortunately the press has given a bad impression of the article--it is not
quite as psuedo-scientific as the NEW YORKER made it appear.  KMT published 
the paper in full in the summer issue.  I don't have it in front of me to
give a summary of its conclusions.  I'll try and dig the article out as soon
as I've completed the one meter grids in my living room. 

  LRFox

Newsgroups: sci.archaeology
From: rcbi27@marshall.wvnet.edu (DBRUM)
Newsgroups: sci.archaeology
Subject: Re: Ice Ages, Magnetic Shifts, Evolution
Date: 1 Oct 92 00:46:34 GMT
Organization: Marshall University

Can't shed any light on this subject myself, but you might like to check
out some of the postings in talk.origins newsgroup. There is a lively
discussion going on about fluctuations in gravitational pull and the
size of dinasours, and fluctuations in the shape of
the Earth.

--danny

-- 
	"Were his solid black square paintings really,
	as the artist claimed, simply neutral, abstract
	compositions devoid of external references and
	meanings?" ***********************************
From: murray@cybernet.cse.fau.edu (murray kahl)
Newsgroups: sci.archaeology
Subject: Archie
Date: 25 Sep 92 13:01:27 GMT
Organization: Cybernet BBS, Boca Raton, Florida

Thank you, every one. I posted a message in error concerning how to use 
Archie, and I received excellent answers only from this newgroup. I 
reposted it when I discovered my mistake on the appropriate  newsgroups 
and theirers were almost worthless. .
I am not sugesting that anyone stray off topic, but rather that I kinow 
where a high level of expertise exists.
Newsgroups: sci.archaeology
From: eisen@HQ.Ileaf.COM (Carl West)
Subject: Pre-Renaissance Textiles
Reply-To: eisen@HQ.Ileaf.COM (Carl West)
Organization: Interleaf, Inc.
Date: Mon, 5 Oct 92 18:30:21 GMT


My wife Barbara would like to correspond with people interested in
Pre-Renaissance Textiles of Western and Northern Europe. She's
particularly interested in reports of textile finds and detailed
descriptions of found fragments. Information about the tools used would
also be of great interest. References in English would be great, but
Romance languages and German or OK.

Her address is:

s14321bb@umassd.edu
Newsgroups: sci.archaeology
From: march@offroad.chem.wisc.edu (Mike Marchbanks)
Subject: Re: ancient greek olive oil/wine presses
Organization: Physical Sciences Lab, UW-Madison
Date: Wed, 30 Sep 92 12:49:56 GMT

In article <1abkd5INN31i@uniwa.uwa.edu.au> nashton@uniwa.uwa.edu.au (Dr N  
G Ashton) writes:
> seeking information as to any scholars who are working or have worked or
> published works on the extraction of olive oil from olives and/or wine
> from grapes in ancient greece
> 
  What kind of information are you after?  Just the processes or are you  
looking for evidence of how it was done in the past (i.e. residues,  
etc...)?  There are some references for modern and ancient determination  
of residues/identification that I am aware of.  However most of these are  
not dealing specifically with Greece.


Michael Marchbanks
Newsgroups: sci.archaeology
From: petty@ike.navo.navy.mil (Jim Petty)
Subject: Pearl River, Mississippi
Nntp-Posting-Host-[nntpd-9415]: ike.navo.navy.mil
Organization: Naval Oceanographic Office
Date: Mon, 28 Sep 1992 18:02:01 GMT

Mississippi via the Pearl River. If anyone has any infomation in regards to 
this topic, or where I could find archive records or archaeology reports on 
this area, please post to the network.  Additionally, I am also looking for 
any information regarding the relationships between the Spanish and Local
Indians plus the Spanish descriptions of the Indian River settlements, 
pretaining to housing structures, pottery, stone points, and religous customs. 
     Please post any and all information to me.  Thanks in advance.  Jim Petty.
From: chris@xerox.com (Chris Heiny 73186 - SETA)
Newsgroups: sci.archaeology
Subject: Re: Concrete Pyramids
Date: 2 Oct 92 11:26:30 GMT
Reply-To: chris@xerox.com
Organization: Xerox Corporation, Webster NY


Some years ago a UFO-ologist type claimed that the crystal structure of the limestone used in the pyramids was different from that of naturally occurring limestone (I forget the exact difference).  This was hailed as conclusive evidence that the Egyptians had some form of currently unknown technology that allowed them to liquefy limestone, pour it into place and then resolidify it.  This in turn was considered to be conclusive evidence that the pyramids were actually built by (or with the help of) flying s








aucer people.

This claim was (a short time later) disproven by independent investigations of the limestone, all of which could find no differences from the natural limestone in rock formations along the Nile.

								Chris
From: scls_ss@uhura.cc.rochester.edu (Eric Scoles)
Newsgroups: sci.archaeology
Subject: Re: Rubbish!
Date: 7 Oct 92 04:19:22 GMT
Organization: University of Rochester - Rochester, New York

In <16875127DA.JAREA@UKCC.UKY.EDU> JAREA@UKCC.UKY.EDU writes:
> 
>I have been disappointed several times on this board to see some who tend
>to charaterise postings and views of others as "rubbish", intending clearly
>to indicate that those postings and those views are valueless.  This is a
>regrettable practice, considering the great value to archeology of rubbish!
> 
Here here!  I've had some great times poking around in heaps of
(metaphorical and real) rubbish.  Any good rubbish stories out there?
-- 
Eric Scoles			: <<insert witty, pithy comment 
scls_ss@uhura.cc.rochester.edu  :    here >>
University of Rochester --------:
---------------------------------------------------------------------
From: mwilson@ncratl.AtlantaGA.NCR.COM (Mark Wilson)
Newsgroups: sci.archaeology
Subject: Re: Ice Ages, Magnetic Shifts, and Evolution
Date: 30 Sep 92 17:59:00 GMT
Distribution: usa
Organization: NCR Engineering and Manufacturing Atlanta -- Atlanta, GA

In <1992Sep29.104200.15939@husc3.harvard.edu> joltes@husc10.harvard.edu (Richard Joltes) writes:

RJ:Well, at least one connection is that the "grain" in certain types of magnetic
RJ:rock (hematite, for example) will polarize in the direction of magnetic north
RJ:as the molten rock is forming.  If said rock is undisturbed, we can tell which
RJ:way the magnetic field was pointing at the time of the rock's formation.  This
RJ:is extremely useful for paleontologists and geologists, and I believe that some
RJ:applications have been found for archaeology (anyone?).

RJ:I believe there have also been instances where campfire remains have been dated
RJ:using this trick--if the fire's been hot enough to allow the grain to resettle
RJ:somewhat...this is vague memory, though, and I'd really appreciate it if some
RJ:one else remembered more about it!

Your recollections match mine to a 'T'.

-- 
Mark
My opinions are mine, all mine.  Unless someone else claims them first.
Mark.Wilson@AtlantaGA.NCR.com
Newsgroups: sci.archaeology
From: owens@psuvax1.cs.psu.edu (Robert Michael Owens)
Subject: Re: Egyptian life of the folk
Organization: Penn State Computer Science
Date: Fri, 2 Oct 1992 13:42:34 GMT

all this raises a more basic question. how much does "religion" change
the situation (in this case the life of early Egyptians) as apposed to
how much the situation (in this case available building material,
weather, water, food stuff, etc) change the "religion".

owens
Newsgroups: sci.archaeology
From: kyrsten@eos.arc.nasa.gov (Kyrsten Swazey)
Subject: Ice Ages, Magnetic Shifts, and Evolution
Organization: NASA Ames Research Center
Distribution: usa
Date: Mon, 28 Sep 1992 21:35:10 GMT

I was crushed in my archaeology class today to discover that the
connection between these three phenomena has already been established.
For a couple months i had been tossing uninformed and unresearched
theories about the back of my head.  Alas, it has all been thought
before...  Nevertheless, I was wondering if anyone out there could point
me towards works and/or authors who have dealt with the
inter-relationships of these things.  Also, if anyone has personally
worked with this stuff I would love to hear what you have to say about
the matter.
Kyrsten :->
Newsgroups: sci.archaeology
From: wismith@amelia.nas.nasa.gov (William R. Smith)
Subject: Re: Ice Ages, Magnetic Shifts, and Evolution
Organization: NAS, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA
Date: Tue, 29 Sep 92 15:55:49 GMT
Distribution: usa

Kyrsten Swazey writes:
	As far as i have been led to believe, the magnetic "flip-flops"
	have succeeded in changing the growth patterns of rocks.  For
	geologists, this is probably fascinating.  But i have been told
	that these shifts occur roughly every ten thousand years.


The only affect that I'm aware of on rock formations is on new lava and
basalt flows.  When the rock hardens from its molten state the magnetiz-
bale portions of the rock line themselves up with the Earth's magnetic
field.  When the rock hardens the rock has a magnetic "direction"
alligned with the Earth's magnetic poles AT THE TIME THE ROCK HARDENED,

This fact allowed geologist to discover that the magnetic poles had
flipped many time over the last X million years.  The poles flip at
irregular intervals.  Sometimes there will be 3 or 4 flips in 10,000
years and other times it may be 100,000 years between flips.  The
various orientations have been given names so geologists and paleo-
anthropologist and paelontologists can talk about them.  (I of course
forget all the names now).

The usefulness for archealogy and paleontology is in dating.  When a
fossil is found between two basalt layers is may be possible for a date
to be set for the fossil if the ages of the basalt layers are known.
One way to date the basalt is to know its magnetic orientation and
assign it to one of the flipped or normal periods.  If the lower layer
is determined to be 1.3 million years old and the upper layer is 1.1
million, then the fossil is between 1.3 and 1.1 million years old.
For many paleo finds this is fairly precise dating.

This technique is used extensively in East Africa where huge basalt flows
over many millions of years spread across the rift valleys.  In the
western rift system of Arfica where the volcanic activity is much more
recent, old finds are harder to date.

There are other dating techniques for basalt based on radioactive
decay of elements.  Relative dating by magnetic orientation is just
one of the many tools used.



William Smith
Intel, SSD
Newsgroups: sci.archaeology
From: petty@ike.navo.navy.mil (Jim Petty)
Subject: Pearl River Mississippi
Nntp-Posting-Host-[nntpd-15487]: ike.navo.navy.mil
Organization: Naval Oceanographic Office
Date: Mon, 28 Sep 1992 18:07:14 GMT

Soory about the previous post. It is missing a few lines in the begaining.
Should state Im looking for information on the Spanish explorations into 
Mississippi via the Pearl River.  Sorry folks
From: stvjas@meteor.wisc.edu (Stephen Jascourt)
Newsgroups: sci.geo.fluids
Subject: Do you have vortex sheet software?
Keywords: vortex sheet, 3-d model, visualization
Date: 29 Sep 92 23:43:45 GMT
Article-I.D.: meteor.1992Sep29.234345.2604
Organization: University of Wisconsin, Meteorology and Space Science

I run a 3-d cloud model with visualization software and would be interested
in viewing vortex sheets. This requires that I have a grid of values whose
surfaces of constant value are the vortex sheets. We already have 
visualization software for viewing surfaces of constant value interpolated
from a grid of values (for instance, the perturbation pressure = constant
surface can be viewed for any value of "constant", and is computed from
the values of pressure on the model grid). I can have either 3-d winds or
3-d vorticity vectors (or both) as input into a program to compute where
the vortex sheets are. Do you know of any software which computes values
whose iso-surfaces are vortex sheets?

Thank you in advance.

Stephen Jascourt   stvjas@meteor.wisc.edu
From: rgm4@cunixf.cc.columbia.edu (Raghuram G Murtugudde)
Newsgroups: sci.geo.fluids
Subject: Re: the pitot tube
Date: 29 Sep 92 00:19:41 GMT
Reply-To: rgm4@cunixf.cc.columbia.edu (Raghuram G Murtugudde)
Organization: Columbia University

Most basic fluids books or experimental methods in fluids book must have
 a picture and the equations for the pitot tube. It is just a tube with
 pointed end with a miniscule hole in it and the side of the tube also has
 holes. The idea is that hole in the leading edge is a stagnation point
 when you place this instrument in a flow field and the side holes provide
 a way to subtract the static pressure thus giving the dynamic head.

 Batchelor, White, Holman and so on are some of the basic books in fluids.

 Ragu
Xref: sparky sci.geo.fluids:365 sci.geo.meteorology:3182
From: jasmith@ucsd.edu (jerry smith)
Newsgroups: sci.geo.fluids,sci.geo.meteorology
Subject: Re: Robust Spectral Estimates of Gappy Series
Date: 6 Oct 92 22:03:22 GMT
Article-I.D.: network.1at2faINN9he
Distribution: world
Organization: Scripps Inst. Oceanogr.
NNTP-Posting-Host: jerry.ucsd.edu
X-UserAgent: Nuntius v1.1.1d9
X-XXMessage-ID: <A6F75B92E90115E4@jerry.ucsd.edu>
X-XXDate: Tue, 6 Oct 92 23:04:50 GMT

An excellent and well documented method for forming power spectra from
gappy 
data is to use covariances formed from the existing portions of data.  For
example, the alternative methods (and the fortran code to execute them)
can
be found in the book "Digital Spectral Analysis, with applications" by
S.L.
Marple (Prentice-Hall, 1987).

Covariance-based methods are often referred to as "auto-regressive" models
(or AR-spectra;  I can't say why this name has stuck).  Marple reviews the
relative advantages of AR versus "periodogram" (fft) and a few others
(e.g.
Proni's method).

As for the spikes, your on your own.  A method which has worked less
poorly
than others for me in the past is based on using a threshold applied to
the 
difference between each value and the median value in its neighborhood. 
An
unsatisfactory aspect of it is that it has two adjustable (subjective)
parameters (the size of the neighborhood, and the threshold).  A
redeeming 
feature is that there are enough adjustable parameters to make it reject
most
of the points which you would have chosen by eye, if you had the time.

Good luck.

	-jerry smith
Newsgroups: sci.geo.fluids
From: bdeyoung@kean.ucs.mun.ca
Subject: Re: Robust Spectral Estimates of Gappy Series
Organization: Memorial University. St.John's Nfld, Canada
Date: Tue, 6 Oct 1992 19:04:33 GMT

  To deal with gappy data there are of course no perfect
techniques. There is no way to recover information that is not
there. Most of the techniques developed to deal with the data
holes involve some assumptions about what the spectrum looks like,
or using some kind of trial spectrum, and then filling in the holes
with some kind of filter. There are one or two classic references that
are worth looking at:

(1) Thompson, R.O.R.Y, 1971, Spectral estimateion from irregularly
spaced data, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience Electronics, GE-9, 107-110.
(2) Horne, J.H. and S.L. Baliunas, 1986, A prescription for period analysis
of unevenly spaced time series, Astrophysical Journal, 302, 757-763.
(3) Sturges, W., 1992, The spectrum of loop current variability from gappy 
data, Journal of Physical Oceanography, to appear this fall, Oct or Nov
1992.

These references should be enough to work with.

Brad deYoung
hysics Department
Memorial University
St. John's, Newfoundland
A1B 3X7

bdeyoung@kean.ucs.mun.ca (INTERNET)  Phone: 709-737-8839
b.deyoung (OMNET)                    FAX  : 709-737-8739
Newsgroups: sci.geo.fluids
From: bway@kean.ucs.mun.ca
Subject: the pitot tube
Organization: Memorial University. St.John's Nfld, Canada
Date: Mon, 28 Sep 1992 18:39:56 GMT

Can anybody tell me what a "pitot tube" is? As well, where would be a 
good place to find information (eg. a journal article) about it. 
Thanx.  Brent


!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Brent C. Way

Faculty of Engineering and Applied Sciences
Memorial University of Newfoundland

bway@kean.ucs.mun.ca          bway@morgan.ucs.mun.ca

"So I decided to study the sciences. I figured 'Hey, who needs a life 
anyway?"

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Xref: sparky sci.geo.fluids:360 sci.geo.meteorology:3154
From: bhuber@ldgo.columbia.edu (bruce huber)
Newsgroups: sci.geo.fluids,sci.geo.meteorology
Subject: Re: Robust Spectral Estimates of Gappy Series
Date: 1 Oct 92 13:47:13 GMT
Organization: Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory

In article <1992Sep30.132441.10320@netnews.whoi.edu> rich@boreas.whoi.edu writes:
>
>
>I am trying to generate spectral estimates from time series which have
>2 problems:
>
>   1) dropouts, i.e. gaps in the time series (perhaps 20% of the values)
>   2) error spikes (perhaps 2% of the values)
>
>The standard window-fft-and-average techniques seem to be inadequate
>for this - I can't think of a good way to handle the gaps (other than
>ignoring them by removing them from the series), and the spikes tend to
>give a lot of "white" energy.
>
>  .......
>
>Can anyone help me with some good hints or references?
>


 The Nov/Dec 1990 issue of Computers in Physics, Numerical Recipes
article, discusses Savitzky-Golay smoothing filters.  A quick perusal
gives me the impression that this may be a method to consider, though
it may not be the best solution for the gappiness problem.

 complete ref:  Press, W H and S A Teukolsky, 1990, Computers in Physics 4(6)
                pp 669-672


We haven't tried this out yet, so we would appreciate hearing from you
one way or the other.

Bruce Huber
Lamont-Doherty Geological Obs.
Palisades NY 10964
Newsgroups: sci.geo.fluids
From: pierre@chaos.phys.ualberta.ca (Pierre Rouleau)
Subject: Re: Robust Spectral Estimates of Gappy Series
Keywords: Chevalier de la Table Ronde
Organization: University Of Alberta, Edmonton Canada
Date: Fri, 2 Oct 1992 01:13:50 GMT

In article <1992Sep30.132441.10320@netnews.whoi.edu>
rich@boreas.whoi.edu writes:
>  The time series is a geophysical one (i.e. reddish spectrum),
> with perhaps a few small peaks (tides and what-not)...

I suggest you get a hold of Duncan Agnew's Ph.D thesis
"Strain Tides at Pinon Flat: Analysis and Interpretation"
[UCSD, 1979]. His chapter-4 treats problems similar to
yours: gaps, jumps, noisy stretches etc. His lucid treatment
is easy to follow and the methods he explicits can be readily
implemented. Enjoy ...

Pierre R.

 
Newsgroups: sci.geo.fluids
From: sasrbk@banana.unx.sas.com (Bart Killam)
Subject: Question on Young's Equation
Originator: sasrbk@banana.unx.sas.com
Date: Tue, 6 Oct 1992 19:59:50 GMT
Organization: SAS Institute Inc.
Keywords: interfacial tension, wetting, nonwetting


I am having a problem understanding Young's
equation, an equation relating the connecting
angle of an air-water interface (in a air-water-
solid interace) with the interfacial tensions.
The equations seems counter-intuitive, and seems
to violate the principle of least action.

I am reviewing a text (Quantitative Hydrogeology, 
de Marsily) that discusses wetting/non-wetting
fluids in a air-water-solid interface. In a 
diagram (Fig. 2.12, p 28) of the interface, the
solid boundary is horizonal, with the water forming
a droplet on top. This is probably a common diagram
shown in any soil physics or physical chemistry text. 

The angle of the air-water interface is measured 
through the water. If the angle < 90 deg. the fluid
is "wetting". This is easy to see; as the angle 
approaches 0 deg., the drop spreads out over the
entire surface. Similarly, if the angle > 90 deg. 
the fluid is "non-wetting". As the angle approaches
180 deg., the droplet beads up to where only a point
is touching the solid. Again, easy to visualize.

 However:

 Young's Equation:


   cos(theta)= (sigma_s_a - sigma_s_w)/sigma_a_w

where  

  theta = the connecting angle

  sigma_s_a = interfacial energy between the solid-air
              (the energy required to separate a unit
               area of air-solid interface)

  sigma_s_w = interfacial energy between the solid-water

  sigma_a_w = interfacial energy between the air-water

Suppose (using J/m**2 or any convenient units)

  sigma_s_a = 1, sigma_s_w = 2 , sigma_a_w = 1

Since it take twice the amount of energy to peel
a unit area of solid-water apart compared to
solid-air, or air-solid, it would seem that the
system would seek to minimize its energy by
spreading the water over the entire surface
(theta-0). However, these values give theta=180,
where the water is only touching at a single
point. This seems a much higher energy state.

What is wrong with my reasoning. Thank you
for any help on this.

--- Bart Killam,  SAS Institute Inc. 





Newsgroups: sci.geo.fluids,sci.geo.meteorology
From: rich@boreas.whoi.edu
Subject: Robust Spectral Estimates of Gappy Series
Organization: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Date: Wed, 30 Sep 92 13:24:41 GMT



I am trying to generate spectral estimates from time series which have
2 problems:

   1) dropouts, i.e. gaps in the time series (perhaps 20% of the values)
   2) error spikes (perhaps 2% of the values)

The time series is a geophysical one (i.e. reddish spectrum), with
perhaps a few small peaks (tides and what-not).

The standard window-fft-and-average techniques seem to be inadequate
for this - I can't think of a good way to handle the gaps (other than
ignoring them by removing them from the series), and the spikes tend to
give a lot of "white" energy.

Median filtering can get rid of some of the spikiness, but it does bad
things to some of the other parts of the signal.


Can anyone help me with some good hints or references?

Email or post, I will summarize.




--
Rich Pawlowicz ----------------- INTERNET: rich@boreas.whoi.edu
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
"Home of the 99 cent squid burger (cheese extra)"
--------------------------------------------------------------
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology