HDTenEightyP/NetNews huggingface dataset:
Newsgroups: sci.lang
From: mudcat@cs.toronto.edu (Michael Gruninger)
Subject: More evidence for "dilemna"
Organization: Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto
Date: 21 Jul 92 14:54:07 GMT

The following is a list of books in the University of Toronto library system
with titles containing the word "dilemna":

      CALL NUMBER: So D2725m ROBA 1
           AUTHOR: Dawson, Christopher Henry, 1889-
            TITLE: The modern dilemna: the problem of European unity.
 PUBLICATION INFO: London, Sheed, 1933.
    PHYSICAL DESC: 113 p.
 SERIES STATEMENT: (Essays in order, ed. by Christopher Dawson and T.F.
                   Burns, No. 8)

      CALL NUMBER: HD 60.5 U5A29 BUSI 1
           AUTHOR: Ackerman, Robert W., 1938-
            TITLE: Corporate social responsiveness: the modern dilemna [sic]
                   /
 PUBLICATION INFO: Reston, Va.: Reston Pub. Co., c1976.

      CALL NUMBER: LA 631.5 T45 ROBA 1
           AUTHOR: Tompson, Richard Stevens
            TITLE: Classics or charity? the dilemna of the 18th century
                   grammar school
 PUBLICATION INFO: Manchester Manchester University Press 1971

      CALL NUMBER: HD 9566 D45 ROBA 1
            TITLE: The Dependence dilemna: gasoline consumption and
                   America's security /
 PUBLICATION INFO: Cambridge, Mass.: Center for International Affairs,
                   Harvard University, 1980.
    PHYSICAL DESC: 167 p.:
 SERIES STATEMENT: (Harvard studies in international affairs; 43)

      CALL NUMBER: JK 1991 T98 ROBA 1
           AUTHOR: Twentieth Century Fund. Task Force on Financing
                   Congressional Campaigns
            TITLE: Electing Congress; the financial dilemna; report.
                   Background paper by David L.
 PUBLICATION INFO: New York Twentieth Century Fund 1970
 
      CALL NUMBER: PR Sh26do VUPX 1
           AUTHOR: Shaw, Bernard, 1856-1950.
            TITLE: The doctor's dilemna: getting married:
 PUBLICATION INFO: London: Constable, 1926.

      CALL NUMBER: DB 99 K49 1988 ROBA 1
           AUTHOR: Keyserlingk, Robert H., 1933-
            TITLE: Austria in World War II: an Anglo-American dilemna /
 PUBLICATION INFO: Kingston, Ont.: McGill-Queen's University Press, 1988.

      CALL NUMBER: SB Am35p VUEX 1
           AUTHOR: American Assembly.
            TITLE: The population dilemna. --
 PUBLICATION INFO: Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, c1963.

---------
Perhaps the people at Harvard University Press might like to explain their spelling :-)


- Michael Gruninger
From: cam@castle.ed.ac.uk (Chris Malcolm)
Newsgroups: sci.lang
Subject: Re: Minority Languages in the EC
Date: 28 Jul 92 11:16:19 GMT
Organization: Edinburgh University

In article <199207272159.AA27024@tuna.wang.com> MICHAEL.WILLETT@OFFICE.WANG.COM ("Michael Willett") writes:

>Interestingly enough, there is an advertisement by Catalunya
>in this week's Economist news magazine by the Catalan
>development agency, timed to coincide with the olympics.  It
>describes Catalunya repeatedly as a country.  It does also
>make a brief mention once about Catalunya being a country
>within Spain.

In one of Catalunya's towns (city?) there is a large square, bedside
the bus station, which contains a lot of sculpture, the name of which
(translated) is "the square of nations without states". My Catalan
friend pointed to the name of the square, saying "As a Scot you will
be able to understand how we feel about this.  Stateless nations are
one of the great tragedies of Europe, but only those who have
experienced it can know this. This square is dedicated to stateless
nations everywhere."
-- 
Chris Malcolm    cam@uk.ac.ed.aifh          +44 (0)31 650 3085
Department of Artificial Intelligence,    Edinburgh University
5 Forrest Hill, Edinburgh, EH1 2QL, UK                DoD #205
Newsgroups: sci.lang
From: pesetsk@athena.mit.edu (David M Pesetsky)
Subject: Re: Chomsky's "Minimalist" paper
Organization: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Date: Thu, 30 Jul 1992 13:16:45 GMT

In article <SCHILLER.92Jul29190137@tira.uchicago.edu> schiller@tira.uchicago.edu (Eric Schiller) writes:
>Don't know what you mean. I checked the data with LOTS of native
>speakers, and I believe that Fowler did too. Maybe you should
>get together with Kartik and invent some normative Russian that
>no one speaks. Really, people do use the construction. it is
>not the invention of a linguist. As I noted in one of my
>posts, not ALL speakers accept it, but then that is not
>the point. 

Linguistics rule #1: Don't badger the native speaker. Especially not in public.

On the other hand, I apologized a bit too soon.  The example with three
datives was indeed my error, but the example with two is one that I also
have encountered and had native speakers accept -- this is the "nam bylo
pomoch' emu" (to-us was help to-you 'we had to help you') example.
Perhaps the problem is the use of a modal dative embedding a verb that
itself accepts dative -- some parsing problem?

So let us construct an example without that feature.

Mr. Zeleny, is "nam bylo poexat' tuda" `to-us was go there` also
impossible for you?  Do you also need 'nado' in there?

>A linguistic theory must at least account for
>all attested data (the old descriptive adequacy). This
>is data we syntacticians must wrestle with, as Fowler did
>in his dissertation.

Do you mean this the way it sounds?  I certainly hope "attested" doesn't
mean first and foremost "included in the examples section of a
linguistics dissertation".  Can I just go and make stuff up and you
promise to wrestle with it?  I am not at all implying that Fowler made
anything up -- indeed, his data coincides with my own experience of what
informants accept -- but a dissertation is not the ultimate authority on
facts.

And shouldn't that be "us syntacticians"?

-David Pesetsky

Newsgroups: sci.lang
From: schiller@tira.uchicago.edu (Eric Schiller)
Subject: Re: Chomsky's "Minimalist" paper
Organization: Center for Information and Language Studies / University of
	Chicago
	<SCHILLER.92Jul21162632@tira.uchicago.edu>
	<1992Jul22.012952.2118@athena.mit.edu>
	<SCHILLER.92Jul22162611@tira.uchicago.edu>
	<ARILD.92Jul23080944@milan.philosophie.uni-stuttgart.de>
Date: Sat, 25 Jul 1992 20:25:19 GMT

Sorry: mnye (bylo) pomoch' yemu
I forgot the translations.
It means something like: It (was) up to me to help him.
or:
	It (was) up to him to help me.

Depending on intonation and context. Most of my informants accept the construction,
though some find it awkward. The point is that the pronouns are each in the dative
case.

Eric
Newsgroups: sci.lang
From: desmedt@rulfsw.leidenuniv.nl
Subject: homonym, homophone, homograph
Organization: Leiden University Faculty of Social Sciences
Date: 23 Jul 92 16:46:15 +0100

Is there any general agreement among linguists about the meaning
of the terms homonym, homophone and homograph.

My dictionary lists 'homograph' as two words spelled the same but
with different pronunciation.  However, it seems to me that the latter
requirement is not necessary.  I would say that homoghraphs are spelled
the same and means something different, and may or may not be pronounced
the same.

Similarly and vice versa, mutatis mutandis, for homophone.

Then for homonym, my dictionary says both words must be of the same
word class (part of speech) but differ significantly in meaning. Again,
the first requirement does not seem essential to me.

What do other linguists think?
From: swisher@cs.utexas.edu (Janet M. Swisher)
Newsgroups: sci.lang
Subject: "-rigged"
Date: 22 Jul 1992 17:16:55 -0500
Organization: CS Dept, University of Texas at Austin
NNTP-Posting-Host: boogie.cs.utexas.edu

In article <1992Jul21.085953.8800@bsu-ucs.uucp>
00hfstahlke@bsu-ucs.uucp writes:
> "jerry-rigged,"
>referring to the skill shown by WWI German soldiers (jerries) at mechanical
>improvisation towards the end of the war.  

A friend who is a Native Texan grew up with the term "nigger-rigged",
which has a similar folk-etymology to "jerry-rigged", that is,
referring to the ingenuity of blacks folks with few resources.  In
this more enlightened age, my friend instead uses the term
"African-American engineering".

(I cite this for its linguistic interest -- no slur is intended
against any African-Americans who are professional engineers.)
From: lcjst2+@pitt.edu (Lester C Jacobson)
Newsgroups: sci.lang
Subject: Re: English and its Mutilation
Date: 29 Jul 92 00:13:26 GMT
Followup-To: sci.lang
Organization: University of Pittsburgh

In article <9207282034.AA09794@nms.netman> kartik@hls.com (Kartik Chandrasekhar) writes:
                      [stuff deleted]

>	Considering the above I was disturbed to see how the language
>is used here in the USA. I am in full agreement with the idea of 
>American English with colour spelt as color or rumour spelt
>as rumor. Hmm.. maybe it makes more sense. What I have really come to 
>despise are expressions such as:
>
>"I did not get the invite."
>"Dont do drugs." (Seen on billboards all over the country.)
>"Why Bush cannot be beat". (Instead of .... cannot be beaten).
>
>There is a lot of difference between the British or Indian Newspapers
>who use chaste English and the US newspapers who are careless and 
>irresponsible. They have to realize  that it is through thier colomns 
>that a language flourishes in todays world and they should not butcher 
>the language. The editorial should also provide the everyday lesson in 
>English to the people.
> 

I believe that you might find the relevant facts addressed by Chaucer:

          Ye know eek, that in forme of speech is chaunge
          Within a thousand year; and wordes tho
          That hadden price, now wonder nice and straunge.
          Us thinketh hem. And yet they spake hem so.

Now there's some *real* chaste English :-) It would seem that one person's
linguistic progress (i.e. natural historical development, divergence of
dialects, etc.) is another's corruption. One might be able to halt
linguistic change for a time, at least in the standard or "literary"
language, but it is inevitable at some time -- unless we want to
end up with a delightfully archaic standard tongue which would be highly
removed from spoken usage.  

Kurt Vonnegut has a line in one of his short stories suggesting the 
reason American schools are so bad is that every student is made to feel
like an idiot unless he or she speaks like English Victorian nobility.
I wonder if there isn't some truth in that.  Back in my undergraduate days
I was the sole liberal arts major in a dormitory wing full of engineers.
Consequently they often came to me for help in writing papers. I found
during our informal interaction that their writing wasn't *so* bad,
but that they often changed their work to reflect how they thought
they were supposed to write. I think we have enough problems writing in
a contemporary style -- to attempt to write in the style of a 
nineteenth-century English schoolmaster is hopeless. 
 
BTW, it's truly a pity that English lost that impersonal construction. It 
would be wonderful to revive it, methinks.

--jake  lcjst2@unix.cis.pitt.edu
From: connolly@memstvx1.memst.edu
Newsgroups: sci.lang
Subject: Re: Mutilation (sci.lang, English)
Date: 31 Jul 92 14:03:15 -0600
Organization: Memphis State University

Goerwitz writes:
>connolly@memstvx1.memst.edu writes:
>
>>> When one learns a language in school that is not one's
>mother-tongue,
>>> one has to memorize a lot of rules that come naturally to a native
>>> speaker....
>>
>>My, we are getting nasty, aren't we?  And xenophobic to boot.
>
>Nasty?  But xenophobic?  Be serious.
>
>>...Kartik didn't tell us anything we didn't already know: that
>>American newspapers sometimes make dreadful mistakes, and that some
>>speakers of English (both native and foreign) don't write so well.
>
>That's not what he was saying at all.  In fact, he was objecting to
>US colloquial language, viewing it as a mangling of the the rules of
>grammar laid down by God.  The posting showed no appreciation for
>what language really is, savored of pomp and spite, lacked sound
>grammar and facile expression, and was placed in the wrong news-
>group to boot.
 
I stick with my charge of nastiness and xenophobia.  Kartik is guilty
of pomposity and failure to comprehend the nature of language; but far
too many of the postings here show the same trait.  And those who
rebuked him took the tack: how dare he, as a foreigner, attack American
English!  Being a foreigner has nothing to do with it.  If it did, most
of us would be confined to comments about one language only, and then
this board would be a dull place.
 
Finally, did Kartik pick the wrong board?  I don't think so.
alt.usage.english would have been right if he wanted responses from
pedants only.  To get a linguistic opinion he had to come to sci.lang.
Too bad all he got was some (partially deserved) abuse.

Leo Connolly
From: stevep@asi.com (Steve Pendleton)
Newsgroups: sci.bio,sci.med,sci.cryonics
Subject: Re: Better Living through DNA Encryption
Keywords: Public Key Encryption, DNA Transcription
Date: 21 Jul 92 22:23:43 GMT
Article-I.D.: asi.1992Jul21.222343.19814
Organization: Adaptive Solutions, Inc.,  Beaverton Oregon

In article <g5dmd0h.nagle@netcom.com> nagle@netcom.com (John Nagle) writes:


>There are actually bacteria with quadruple-strand DNA that have
>evolved to live in nuclear reactors.

Am I missing a virtual smiley here? Or are you reporting this as true?
If the latter, more info or references  would be welcome.

Steve Pendleton

Roses are red
Humor is blue
Here's my disclaimer:
**** ***
From: toby@milton.u.washington.edu (Toby Bradshaw)
Newsgroups: sci.bio
Subject: Re: Mutations: Mostly Harmful, or Not?
Date: 22 Jul 92 23:03:30 GMT
Article-I.D.: u.1992Jul22.230330.5639
Organization: University of Washington, Seattle

In article <1992Jul22.223208.8136@rdg.dec.com> winalski@adserv.enet.dec.com (Paul S. Winalski) writes:
[stuff on prevalence of harmful mutations deleted]
>What *is* true is that most chromosome
>number changes (trisomy, monosomy) are fatal.  Down's Syndrome, Kleinfelter's
>Syndrome (XXY), and Turner's Syndrome (X0) are some of the few that aren't.

In mammals, at least, this is generally true.  Taken across all taxa,
though, many ploidy changes are nonlethal and often beneficial (polyploid
cultivated plants leap to mind).  Monosomics and trisomics are
common genetic stocks in many plant breeding programs.

>That's probably where people get the "all mutations are harmful" canard from.

If it is, somebody failed to look outside his/her immediate phylogenetic
neighborhood to test the canard :-)

>--PSW

Toby Bradshaw
From: hjcho@phoenix.Princeton.EDU (Hae Jean Cho)
Newsgroups: sci.bio
Subject: Re: Brain Size vs. intelligence
Date: 24 Jul 92 00:48:36 GMT
Organization: Princeton University
Originator: news@ernie.Princeton.EDU

In article <Brt5ws.Mxw@zoo.toronto.edu> rising@zoo.toronto.edu (Jim
Rising) writes:
>Of course it is anecdotal so say things such as Einstein had a
>relatively small brain, etc.  This is not my area, but I believe
>that their was a paper in a journal of physical anthropology
>by L. VanVahlen and someone else that found a small, but
>significant positive correlation between "brain size" and
>"intelligence" (I have no idea how either was measured).
>
>Name:     Jim Rising
>Mail:     Dept. Zoology, Univ. Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada    M5S 1A1

I recently read that 19th century scientists originally claimed that
brain size (mass?) was directly related to intelligence, until it was
realized that then human beings would have to admit that blue whales
were the most intelligent beings on earth.  So then the criterion
became brain mass per total body mass, but then they would have had to
conclude that women are, in general, more intelligent than men.  So
the argument was largely abandoned....

I do not recall the name of the original source.  I read this in
Gloria Steinem's book on self-esteem.

J. Cho
Xref: sparky sci.bio:2712 sci.med:14236 soc.women:13883
From: revpk@cellar.org (Brian 'Rev P-K' Siano)
Newsgroups: sci.bio,sci.med,soc.women
Subject: Re: Provocative DATA about sexes, brains, animals, intelligence
Keywords: SUMMARY OF RESULTS + HELP NEEDED!!
Date: 21 Jul 92 17:24:59 GMT
Organization: The Cellar BBS and public access system

bes@cco.caltech.edu (Behnam Sadeghi) writes:
        (Material regarding gender differences in male and female brains.)

        I recommend you get ahold of Carol Tavris's "The Mismeasure of 
Woman," a dandy survey of the science-- good and bad-- of alleged sex 
differences. It's still available in bookstores, and sounds like precisely 
the book you're looking for.


-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Brian "Rev. P-K" Siano                                  revpk@cellar.org
"Best Reason Not to Vote for Perot-- If he wins, it might encourage Bill 
Gates to run." 
Newsgroups: sci.bio
From: bcking@HQ.Ileaf.COM (Christine King)
Subject: Mutations: Mostly Harmful, or Not?
Reply-To: bcking@HQ.Ileaf.COM (Christine King)
Organization: Interleaf, Inc.
Date: Wed, 22 Jul 92 15:21:55 GMT

On another thread ("Better Living through DNA Encryption"), Jonathan Dale
(jdale@cats.ucsc.edu) writes:

  ...You could probably simplify it a lot (at least the engineering
  parts) by ripping out all the useless garbage in our DNA, which is
  over 95% (?) useless....

I keep reading and hearing statements like this.  Then there's the one
that goes, "Most mutations are fatal."

Aren't those two statements contradictory?  I mean, if most DNA is
useless (non-coding, non-promoting, non-error-detecting), then aren't
most mutations harmless?  Or the other way around, if most mutations
are fatal/harmful, then isn't most DNA meaningful?

...And I really hope there are some serious mathematicians and
cryptographers working on the Human Genome project, because I betcha
they'd have a lot to contribute and a lot to learn.

-- 
  Christine King
    Internet: bcking@hq.ileaf.COM
    US Mail:  Interleaf, Inc. / 9 Hillside Avenue / Waltham MA 02154 USA
Newsgroups: sci.bio,sci.med,soc.women
From: bhv@areaplg2.corp.mot.com (Bronis Vidugiris)
Subject: Re: Provocative DATA about sexes, brains, animals, intelligence
Organization: Motorola, CCR&D, CORP, Schaumburg, IL
Date: Wed, 29 Jul 1992 20:56:41 GMT
Keywords: SUMMARY OF RESULTS + HELP NEEDED!!

In article <1992Jul29.004730.4985@gateway.novell.com> terry@npd.Novell.COM (Terry Lambert) writes:

)	I have considered this question lately, following my finding out
)that one loses brain mass [in the form of fats] as one loses weight
)elsewhere (correct this if it's wrong, as the theory depends on it).

Does this mean heavy (fat) body -> fat head -> high intelligence???????
From: murph_kp@jhunix.hcf.jhu.edu (Kenneth Paul Murphy)
Newsgroups: sci.bio
Subject: Re: Mutations: Mostly Harmful, or Not?
Date: 22 Jul 92 19:53:06 GMT
Organization: HAC - Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore

In article <1992Jul22.152155.3619@HQ.Ileaf.COM> bcking@HQ.Ileaf.COM (Christine King) writes:
>On another thread ("Better Living through DNA Encryption"), Jonathan Dale
>(jdale@cats.ucsc.edu) writes:
>
>  ...You could probably simplify it a lot (at least the engineering
>  parts) by ripping out all the useless garbage in our DNA, which is
>  over 95% (?) useless....
>
>I keep reading and hearing statements like this.  Then there's the one
>that goes, "Most mutations are fatal."
I've often heard this too and I don't see how one determines the useless-
ness of the 95%.  It seems unlikely to me that an organism would waste so
much energy synthesizing something that's useless.  Maybe we just haven't
figured out what it's for yet.  This is certainly true of many proteins.
>
>Aren't those two statements contradictory?  I mean, if most DNA is
>useless (non-coding, non-promoting, non-error-detecting), then aren't
>most mutations harmless?  Or the other way around, if most mutations
>are fatal/harmful, then isn't most DNA meaningful?
>
>...And I really hope there are some serious mathematicians and
>cryptographers working on the Human Genome project, because I betcha
>they'd have a lot to contribute and a lot to learn.
>
>-- 
>  Christine King
>    Internet: bcking@hq.ileaf.COM
>    US Mail:  Interleaf, Inc. / 9 Hillside Avenue / Waltham MA 02154 USA
From: barkdoll@cattell.psych.upenn.edu (Edwin Barkdoll)
Newsgroups: sci.bio
Subject: Re: origin of gelatin
Date: 30 Jul 92 13:56:47 GMT
Distribution: sci
Organization: University of Pennsylvania

In article <KH.92Jul30110853@litsun17.epfl.ch> kh@litsun.epfl.ch writes:
>Does anybody know what the origin of gelatin (foodstuff) is?
>
>Opinions on red.food.cooking range from hooves to skin to cow bones. 

	Gelatin is derived from the animal protein collagen, although
I have heard the claim that gelatin may also be derived from certain
seaweeds.  I've never seen any evidence for the latter tho.
	Bones, tendons, skin -- tissues with collagen are sources.
I would think that hooves, nails, beaks... would not be great sources
as keratins are the main structural proteins in these tissues.

>Animal matter anyway. Is pectin the same, or something different?

	Pectin is a polysaccharide present in plant cell walls -- not
a protein and not from animal tissue.

Edwin Barkdoll
barkdoll@cattell.psych.upenn.edu
eb3@world.std.com
Newsgroups: sci.bio
From: rising@zoo.toronto.edu (Jim Rising)
Subject: Brain Size vs. intelligence
Date: Wed, 22 Jul 1992 20:50:50 GMT
Organization: U of Toronto Zoology

Of course it is anecdotal so say things such as Einstein had a
relatively small brain, etc.  This is not my area, but I believe
that their was a paper in a journal of physical anthropology
by L. VanVahlen and someone else that found a small, but
significant positive correlation between "brain size" and
"intelligence" (I have no idea how either was measured).

Looking at it another way, if there weren't a selective advantage
for carrying around all of that neural tissue, why was the evolution
of relatively large brain size so rapid in the Homo clade?
Physiologists could give you figures, but neural tissue is
energetically expensive stuff (unline something like a
wisdom tooth or an appendix)--the most expensive tissue that there
is to maintain (I think).
-- 
Name:     Jim Rising
Mail:     Dept. Zoology, Univ. Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada    M5S 1A1
UUCP:     uunet!attcan!utzoo!rising 
BITNET:   rising@zoo.utoronto.ca
Xref: sparky sci.bio:2757 bionet.plants:189
From: ajt@puffin.doc.ic.ac.uk (Tony Travis)
Newsgroups: sci.bio,bionet.plants
Subject: Re: cutting a leaf
Date: 27 Jul 92 17:12:45 GMT
Distribution: sci
Organization: Department of Computing, Imperial College, University of London, UK.
X-Newsreader: Tin 1.1 PL4

ara@zurich.ai.mit.edu (Allan Adler) writes:
: [...]
: Alas I have no pith. I wouldn't know where to look for it. A more modern book
: on histological technique assumes one will normally be using a microtome and
: explains how to  embed (human) tissues in paraffin and mount them
: in the microtome. So I gather that the point is that I want something firm
: enough to hold the object (leaf) I wish to cut and which is at the same time 
: soft enough that I can cut both it and the leaf, like a sandwich.

The 'pith' is simply a region of undifferentiated cells inside the
vascular cylinder of plant roots or stems.

Many 'real' botanists cut a carrot in half and hold the leaf in that
while they take gently tapering sections with a single-sided cut-throat
razor.

The thinnest part of the section (at the end of the taper) is thin
enough to see the leaf anatomy clearly under a microscope.  Mount the
section in glycerine and use a cover slip to improve the visibility of
the section.

	Tony

--
Dr. A.J.Travis,                       |  Tony Travis
Rowett Research Institute,            |  JANET: <ajt@uk.ac.sari.rri>
Greenburn Road, Bucksburn,            |  other: <ajt@rri.sari.ac.uk>
Aberdeen, AB2 9SB. UK.                |  phone: 0224-712751
Newsgroups: sci.bio