HDTenEightyP/NetNews huggingface dataset:
From: schuster@panix.com (Michael Schuster)
Newsgroups: comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware
Subject: Re: Keyboard probs -- Old BIOS?
Date: 19 Aug 92 13:12:19 GMT
Article-I.D.: panix.1992Aug19.131219.13779
Distribution: usa
Organization: PANIX Public Access Unix & Internet, NYC

In article <1992Aug19.021304.28713@clark.edu> cis501@clark.edu (Charles Boling) writes:
>
>Many of Microsoft's editors allow you to highlight text by holding down the
>SHIFT key and pressing the direction keys (arrows or otherwise).
>
>-At least it allows you to do it on all computers EXCEPT mine!
>
>I have an old '286 with a 1986 Award BIOS.  Is it more probable that the BIOS
>doesn't support whatever feature is required to pull this off, or is the 
>problem probably somewhere else?
>
>Note:  This is the only problem I've had with the 101-key keyboard.  I suspect
>that it is a replacement keyboard, and the original may have been an
>84-key model?

Most MS development packages come with a program called FIXSHIFT which
is supposed to correct this.


-- 
_______________________________Mike Schuster________________________________
NY Pub. Access UNIX/Internet: schuster@panix.com | 70346.1745@CompuServe.COM
The Portal (R) System: schuster@cup.portal.com   | MCI Mail,GEnie: MSCHUSTER
Newsgroups: comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware
From: mccall@mksol.dseg.ti.com (fred j mccall 575-3539)
Subject: Re: What is EISA ISA?
Organization: Texas Instruments Inc
Date: Tue, 18 Aug 1992 20:36:15 GMT

In <13AUG199218304845@judy.uh.edu> cscc13@judy.uh.edu (NAVEED IQBAL) writes:

>As the subject says it. I am looking for info on EISA and ISA architectures.
>- What are they?

ISA is 'Industry Standard Architecture'.  It's the 16-bit bus that one
finds in the typical PC clone.  EISA is 'Extended Industry Standard
Bus'.  IT is an extension of the 16-bit ISA to a 32-bit bus-mastering
bus, which came out in competition to IBM's MCA.

>- Why are they?

They hold all the loose bits in the machine together.  :-)

>- What do we miss if we don't have such an animal in our PC cage?

Well, if you have a 'PC' and don't have either ISA, EISA or MCA, then
you don't have anything connecting all the boards together.  If you're
running DOS, buy the ISA machines.  They're cheaper, and you don't
need the added capacity of the EISA/MCA busses unless you are running
a multitasking operating system like OS/2 or UNIX.


-- 
"Insisting on perfect safety is for people who don't have the balls to live
 in the real world."   -- Mary Shafer, NASA Ames Dryden
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fred.McCall@dseg.ti.com - I don't speak for others and they don't speak for me.
Xref: sparky comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware:22032 comp.sys.ibm.pc.misc:11588 comp.windows.x:15319 comp.unix.bsd:4293
From: hasty@netcom.com (Amancio Hasty Jr)
Newsgroups: comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware,comp.sys.ibm.pc.misc,comp.windows.x,comp.unix.bsd
Subject: Re: WANTED: highest graphics performance under 386BSD X11R5, DOS, Windows
Date: 17 Aug 92 19:34:33 GMT
Distribution: na
Organization: Netcom - Online Communication Services  (408 241-9760 guest)

In article <9208167598@genesis.nred.ma.us> abh@genesis.nred.ma.us (Andrew Hudson) writes:
>The fastest VGA cards fall into three categories:
>34020 TIGA based (very expensive, $500+, awkward drviers)
>S3 based (fast line drawing, $200+)

The S3 has built-in graphics like bitblt, fill-polygon, fill-rectangle.
The graphics operators internally can transfer data at 27.5 MB/sec.
The S3 is capable of direct memory access to the CPU. Also, the new
upcoming 928 will be about 2 to 3 times faster than the 911 used
in the Diamond Stealth svga card plus full 32 bit wide data access. S3
also tests their chips with the local bus.

>WINGINE based (just released by Chips and Technologies, VERY fast)
>
>The Wingine VGA cards are not yet in wide distribution but
>I have heard that they do not have the silly segmented memory
>addressing bottle-neck of regular VGA cards. This will be a BIG plus.

The S3 chipsets and the TSENG, et4000 are capable of full CPU memory access.
>
>Andrew says check 'em out.
>
>- Andrew

Amancio Hasty
From: fevrier@sunburn.ec.usf.edu. (Ian Fevrier (EE))
Newsgroups: comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware
Subject: Disregard this
Date: 10 Aug 92 06:33:49 GMT
Distribution: usa
Organization: Univ. of South Florida, College of Engineering



just a test
just a test
From: Will@oregon.uoregon.edu (William M. Harmon)
Newsgroups: comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware
Subject: Swan Computer Systems
Keywords: 486DX models
Date: 12 Aug 92 17:26:47 GMT
Organization: University of Oregon/Knight Library, Systems Office

We are considering purchasing the new Swan 486DX/33 local bus.  We are very
attracted by the apparent speed available for graphics applications using a
32 bit bus and a graphics chip coupled with the CPU (on the same card) and
running at 33 MHz.  Any info?
					Thanks
					Will
					Univ. of Oregon Knight Library
From: Rick_Turnbull@mindlink.bc.ca (Rick Turnbull)
Newsgroups: comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware
Subject: Re: How to setup HD in CMOS?
Date: 19 Aug 92 05:38:41 GMT
Organization: MIND LINK! - British Columbia, Canada
Distribution: world

Ed, I saw an ad in the Computer Paper for an IDE controller card that
supposedly worked on older BIOS.  I assumed that this meant that the card was
capable of configuring (ignoring) the BIOS table.  It was about $60.

--
 /[0]--[0]\  Another Four-Eyes              * The ball shall be played as
  < 'oo` >   Rick Turnbull, BC, CANADA      * it lies, except as otherwise
   <HHHH>    Rick_Turnbull@mindlink.bc.ca   * provided in the Rules.
From: newsman@milton.u.washington.edu (Chris Ricci)
Newsgroups: comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware
Subject: Hardware Cache
Date: 14 Aug 92 07:29:31 GMT
Distribution: na
Organization: University of Washington, Seattle

I recently saw an ad for a caching IDE controler card.  It was cheap! ($99.00)  Does anyone know the advantages(Disadvantages) of these.  Are they any better   than software caches?

		Chris.
Xref: sparky comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware:21717 comp.sys.ibm.pc.misc:11432
From: rkorczyk@sadis05.sa.aflc.af.mil (RICK KORCZYK - SCDR (AI LAB))
Newsgroups: comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware,comp.sys.ibm.pc.misc
Subject: Graves vs SB Pro V2
Summary: Which is better?
Keywords: Sound Cards
Date: 12 Aug 92 16:57:38 GMT
Followup-To: comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware
Organization: NA

Which is the better sound card - Graves or SB Pro V2.

Thanx,

Rick
From: S_JUFFA@iravcl.ira.uka.de (|S| Norbert Juffa)
Newsgroups: comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware
Subject: Re: Forex chipset???
Date: 13 Aug 92 18:37:12 GMT
Organization: University of Karlsruhe (FRG) - Informatik Rechnerabt.
NNTP-Posting-Host: irav1.ira.uka.de
X-News-Reader: VMS NEWS 1.23

In <2175@fnnews.fnal.gov> rohrer@fncrd6.fnal.gov writes:

> Does anybody know anything interesting about the Forex chipset?
> I've got one in my 386-40 motherboard, and I'd like to know if it's got
> features I'm not using/the AMI BIOS doesn't support, or really
> anything else about it...
> 
I, too, have a 386-40 machine with a Forex chip set. I bought it because this
board was the fastest in all the tests I did on 386 systems with different
chip sets. The German computer magazine c't has recently done performance
comparisons between identically configured 386 motherboards using different
chip sets. The Forex and the ACT chip set came out the fastest. According to
c't, this is mainly due to the cache controllers included in these chip sets.
The memory access time in case of a cache miss is just 4 clock cycles, while
it is up to 40 (!) with other chip sets. Additionally, Forex and ACT speed 
up the write-thru mode (no support for write-back) by having a write buffer. 
Also, I found out that my board is faster than most similar boards when I 
switch the cache off on my board and the other boards. This may be due to the 
particular memory subsystem design on my board, but I think it also has to 
do with how clever the chip set supports memory interleaving and other 'tricks'
to ensure fast RAM access. The article in c't hints on some features that the
FOREX chip set has that are not supported by the AMI BIOS on my machine, but
it seems to be nothing spectacular. I called them up and they told me that
their info on the FOREX chip set was from a board vendor, not directly from 
FOREX and they were not entitled to give the info away. So if anyone has the
address of FOREX or knows where to get the info on their 386 chip set, please
post or send email (I will then post it myself).

> 	Keith
> (rohrer@fncrd0.fnal.gov)
> 

Norbert
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Norbert Juffa       email: S_JUFFA@IRAVCL.IRA.UKA.DE        Live and let live!  
Newsgroups: comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware
From: int177c@aurora.cc.monash.edu.au (Jae Won)
Subject: monitor won't do 1024*768
Keywords: frustrated
Organization: Monash University
Date: Thu, 13 Aug 1992 07:03:30 GMT

Hi.

	Today, I finally got myself a Tseng ET4000 card replacing the old Ahead systems VGA card. I was expecting to be able to run some serious GUI with beautiful colors with very nice resolution. However, when I installed the card, and ran the test program that comes with the card, I was quite dissappointed to see that the screen again shrunk vertically just like it did with ahead card when I tried to run the 1024*768. 
	The screen also flickers.

	For some reason, the monitor can't handle the resolution. It does fine with other modes btw. 800*600*256 works fine etc. The problem only begins when I try to use the 1024*768 mode.

	I tried to stretch the screen vertically however the knob only allowed me to increase the vertical length by about one-third of the original length and still left about 0.25 of the screen blank.

	Any help would be appreaciated.

Jae
int177c@aurora.cc.monash.edu.au


	The card has 1 meg memory, the monitor has 1024*768 resolution and it is supposed to be 8514/a compatible. The monitor manufacturer is called "Amtec"(never heard of it? me neither)
From: pcellik@axion.bt.co.uk (Peter SPHINX Cellik)
Newsgroups: comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware
Subject: Re: Programming VGA in extended modes
Date: 19 Aug 92 09:05:10 GMT
Reply-To: pcellik@axion.bt.co.uk (Peter SPHINX Cellik)
Organization: British Telecom Research Labs


In article <ABalFagSL8@speech.lang.lgu.spb.su>, shura@speech.lang.lgu.spb.su (Alexander L. Gorlovsky) writes:
|> 
|> Hi, guys!
|> 
|>   Have your any information on Video RAM organization
|>   for VGA Extended modes for 512K or 1M :
|> 	   640 x 480/256
|> 	   800 x 600/16
|> 	   800 x 600/256
|> 	  1024 x 768/4
|> 	  1024 x 768/16
|>   Is it the same for various VGA cards (I have Trident VGA with 512K RAM) ?
|> 

The only extended mode that is quite standard across all SVGA boards is
800x600-16.
As far as I have seen, this mode is organized just like 640x480-16.  You 
use the same port commands to set the read/write mask, latches, etc.  So
for this mode, all you have to do is know the mode number (which does vary
from card to card) and set the mode using INT 0x10.  All further access to
the video RAM and registers should be the same.

As for the other extended modes, I have only successfully programmed them
on an ATI VGA WONDER 512K (yes I know, old card, but soon I hope to get the
new kick-ass ATI card.  ATI is great!).

Hope you can use this info,
       SPHINX

====================================================
=== Kill others only if you wish to be killed.   ===
===                                       SPHINX ===   
====================================================
Newsgroups: comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware
From: mc@wam.umd.edu (Morgan Tay Chiu)
Subject: Re: 24X scrolling performance
Keywords: Diamond, Speedstar, 24 bit color
Organization: University of Maryland, College Park
Date: Sun, 16 Aug 1992 01:23:03 GMT

In article <1992Aug15.170259.7233@infonode.ingr.com> bbrown@infonode.ingr.com (Bailey Brown) writes:
>
>Here are the benchmarks somebody wanted for text scrolling on
>the diamond 24X.
>
>
>Board           24X     Tseng4K     ATI Vantage    Stealth
>Computer        386/33  386/33      486/33         486/33
>Driver                  Winspeed
>
>Scroll System Font         
>[1024x768x256]  12677   6513         24084         46933
>[1024x768x16]   32032
>[800x600x16]    61233                              79833
>
>Image Text System Font         
>[1024x768x256]   7183    7147        19711         47457
>[1024x768x16]    21300
>[800x600x16]     40766                               
>
>As you can see, the 24X does not scroll or do text as well as the
>Stealth, however, in the 16 color modes, it does almost as well.
>It does everything else (in both 256 and 16 color modes) except diagonal 
>lines as well or better.  Diamond is claiming that overall, the 
>24X is faster on Winbench.
>
>------------
>Bailey Brown                               "Above all else, confusion reigns."
>Intergraph Corporation                                  
>bbrown@casca.b11.ingr.com                              Procol Harum


But in the benchmark, 24X was installed in a 386-33 while Stealth was installed
in a 486-33.  You have to realize that a 486-33 is a much faster computer than
a 386-33.  I believe the 486-33 has aided the Stealth a great deal.


MC
From: choe@phys.washington.edu (In-Jerng Choe)
Newsgroups: comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware
Subject: Need info about Priam v185 70 Meg MFM drive
Date: 19 Aug 92 00:40:21 GMT
Organization: University of Washington

I need a setup information (type, number of head, etc) about Priam MFM drive
model v185.  It is supposed to have a formatted capacity of about 70 Meg.
Physically, it is 5 1/4" full height drive.
I will appreciate any information (phone number to Priam?) very much.
Thanks in advance.

Jay

--
Physics FM-15, U of Wash., Seattle, WA 98195      choe@phys.washington.edu
From: ddyer@afit.af.mil (Douglas E. Dyer)
Newsgroups: comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware
Subject: Do DEE ONE SYSTEMS 486 MBs bomb on FP errors?
Date: 21 Aug 92 01:02:51 GMT
Organization: Air Force Institute of Technology

I'm looking for a 486DX-33 motherboard, and the best price I can find
is DEE ONE SYSTEMS (p. 926, Aug 92 Computer Shopper: $486).  However,
some 486 motherboards don't handle floating point errors correctly,
and I'd like to get one that does.  

If you have one, can you tell me if the following C program returns a
floating point error or hangs the system (one of these things will
happen)? 

-------  Clip Here ----------------------------

main(){
        double d;

        d = 0.0;
        d = 1.0 / d; 
}

-------  Clip Here ----------------------------

Thanks,

Doug Dyer					    /\	
PhD Student, Computer Engineering/AI Planning    /\/  \     BSD/386 User
Air Force Institute of Technology, WPAFB OH     /  \   \    (Beta 0.3.3)
========================================================================
-- 
Doug Dyer					    /\	
PhD Student, Computer Engineering/AI Planning    /\/  \     BSD/386 User
Air Force Institute of Technology, WPAFB OH     /  \   \    (Beta 0.3.3)
========================================================================
From: Arthur_Leung@mindlink.bc.ca (Arthur Leung)
Newsgroups: comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware
Subject: Printing text on DeskJet 500C with color ink
Date: 17 Aug 92 15:11:54 GMT
Organization: MIND LINK! - British Columbia, Canada
Distribution: world

Does anyone know of any package (program/library/source) that can print text on
the DeskJet 500C with the color cartridge installed? I would like to be able to
print both color pictures AND normal text without the need of changing the ink
cartridge.

Thanks in advance!

Arthur

Newsgroups: comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware
From: rcg1597@zeus.tamu.edu (GUYNN, RICHARD CARL)
Subject: Re: IDE HD and MFM (XT) HD in the same AT ?
News-Software: VAX/VMS VNEWS 1.41    
Organization: Texas A&M University, Academic Computing Services
Date: Fri, 21 Aug 1992 14:11:00 GMT

In article <jmh.714382322@tko.vtt.fi>, jmh@tko.vtt.fi (Michael Hasemann) writes...
>Hi Netters,
>I would like to use an IDE HD and a XT HD in the same AT.
> 
>Is that possible ?
>Any hints appreciated.

	A book I have says about the only two types of HDs that can be mixed are 
SCSI and others.  Thers may not be mixed due to I/Ointerrupt conflicts.  Whether 
there is a way around this..... I don't know.

-Rick
From: Corey.Roome@mixcom.mixcom.com (Corey.Roome)
Newsgroups: comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware
Subject: Question about upgrading to a 486DX 33
Date: 13 Aug 92 04:10:57 GMT
Article-I.D.: mixcom.1992Aug13.041057.18580
Distribution: usa
Organization: Milwaukee Internet Xchange BBS, Milwaukee, WI U.S.A.



  Hello.

  I own a 386SX 25 mhz computer with 4 megs of RAM, Super VGA, and a FAST
103 meg IDE hard drive.  I'm VERY interested in upgrading to a 486DX 33.
I have several questions before I do.

  First of all, I'd like to sell my 386SX 25 mhz motherboard.  Does anyone
have a pretty reasonable price range that I should ask for it?  It's only
6 months old.  I don't want to sell my RAM, or anything else for that matter.
My friend just got a 486DX 33, 4 megs RAM, 85 meg hard drive.  I've seen some
BENCHMARKS on his machine and compared them with mine.  The difference in
processors is about 20 points.  That's a VERY large spread.  However, my disk
drive is MUCH faster than his is.  Because of that speed difference in drives,
his 486DX 33 comes out with an overall performance rating of around 29.3, where
as my 386SX 25 comes out with an overall rating of 27.8.  The difference is NOT
that much.  So, I've come to the conclusion that I'd rather buy a new
motherboard and sell my old one.  That way, I'll keep my fast hard drive in
tact.

  Here's the list of questions:

  1)  How much would you expect to pay for a slightly used 386SX 25
      motherboard with NO ram?

  2)  What is the going rate on a 486DX 33 motherboard (256k cache included)?

  3)  Can you direct me to a mail order place with a GOOD reputation, and a
      low price?

Thanks in advance for your help!

--------------------------
R       M
 ender   an

P.S.  Kevin, if you are reading this, I'm sorry about the disk drive!  :(

Corey.Roome@mixcom.com 

  
-- 
Corey.Roome@mixcom.com
Newsgroups: comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware
From: pnadj@ee.ubc.ca (NADJ PAUL)
Subject: Keyboard info needed
Organization: University of BC, Electrical Engineering
Date: Tue, 18 Aug 1992 20:56:31 GMT

How easy would it be to build a device that interfaces to a PC via the
keyboard port?  I need to hook up a small keypad I have, and scrap the
keyboard.

I'm sure that pinouts are a FAQ, but I can't find it.  What I really need
to know, though, is the protocol used.  

Since the joystick can handle 4 buttons and 4 pots (correct me if I'm
wrong), I may be able to use this, but I don't know the pinouts, pot
values, or port numbers.  I'd much rather use the keyboard.  

Any information on either the joystick or the keyboard would be appreciated.

	--Paul
From: greene@sequoia.webo.dg.com (Jon Greene)
Newsgroups: comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware
Subject: Gateway Telepath....does it work?
Date: 13 Aug 92 18:58:48 GMT
Organization: Data General Corporation, Westboro, MA

Has Gateway successfully addressed the Telepath's problems?  The price is right and I'd love to get one, but not until there is a consensus that the board is fixed.

-- 
Jon Greene
Data General Corporation 
Westboro, MA

It should be obvious, but just in case...I don't speak for anyone other
than myself.

Newsgroups: comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware
From: smintz@sedona.intel.com (Stephen Mintz exp 11/92~)
Subject: Re: Power supply questions.
Originator: smintz@alamo
Organization: Intel Corporation
Distribution: na
Date: Wed, 19 Aug 1992 22:56:50 GMT


The best power supplies out right now are one made by pc power and cooling, they
are build like tanks, and are made to higher tollerences that imported p/s!!
From: asm@ecl.psu.edu
Newsgroups: comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware
Subject: Re: Fax/Modem/Voice on one line.
Date: 18 Aug 92 01:10:14 EDT
Distribution: world
Organization: Engineering Computer Lab, Pennsylvania State University

In article <8AUG199212020682@vms.huji.ac.il>, gilf@vms.huji.ac.il (GIL FREUND) writes:
> I have an Everex Fax/Modem installed in my computer, and only one phone line.
> Is there any way for the modem to switch between Voice (answering machine),
> Fax and Modem. I have seen some standalone Fax machines who can do this
> trick.
Check with DAMARK mail order house.
they have one for fax/voice/modem costs around $70.00
hope this helps
-aravind
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
Aravind S. Melligeri             |  Why People come to grad. School??           
asm@ecl.psu.edu                  |                                              
System Administrator             | 1.To see how life sucks!.                    
Dept. of Mechanical Engg.        |                                              
Pennsylavnia State Univ.         | 2.To See how to live below poverty line!.    
off: 814-865-2062                |                                              
Home: 814-867-5922               |                                              
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
From: annso@cs.utexas.edu (Annie So)
Newsgroups: comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware
Subject: HP Deskwriter
Date: 12 Aug 1992 12:22:04 -0500
Organization: U Texas Dept of Computer Sciences, Austin TX
Distribution: usa
NNTP-Posting-Host: lovelady.cs.utexas.edu
Keywords: HP LaserJet emulation

Dear Netters,

Could someone please tell me if it's possible for an HP Deskwriter
to emulate an HP LaserJet?  The HP Deskwriter I have is currenly
hooked up to a Macintosh computer.

Thank you in advance and please reply to my e-mail address. 
==========================================================
annso@cs.utexas.edu

Newsgroups: comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware
From: unruh@physics.ubc.ca (William Unruh)
Subject: AMI Cmos settings. What do they mean?
Summary: AMI Cmos settings. What do they mean?
Keywords: AMI, page mode, A20, hardware
Organization: University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
Date: Sat, 22 Aug 1992 18:43:47 GMT

I have a 486-33 computer with PCChips chip set. In the Advanced Cmos
settings there are two entries I do not understand.
1) Fast Page Mode - enabled/disabled. What is this supposed to do?
( The manual says "depending on the specification of the DRAM)
I have 8 Meg of 1Meg chips filling banks 1 and 2 60ns. Enabeling it
seems to slow things down rather than speed them up ( very subjective
impression)
2)A20 emulation- Hardware/chipset/Disabled(8042 controls A20)
Which of these should be run?
 Finally there are the ATbus stuff- AT Bus clock =CPUclk/2,3,4,6,8-can
 this be set to the highest speed before things get flakey?
 I/O recovery time delay-2,4,8,12 BCLK delay- what does this do?
From: mbeattie@oxford.ac.uk (Malcolm Beattie)
Newsgroups: comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware
Subject: Seagate ST3283A, 245MB, 12ms access
Keywords: Seagate, hard drive
Date: 17 Aug 92 11:42:56 GMT
Followup-To: comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware
Distribution: comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware
Organization: Oxford University Computing Service, 13 Banbury Rd, Oxford, U

I've seen adverts in recent magazines for the 'new'
Seagate ST3283A, supposedly a 245MB hard disk with something
like 12ms access time. However, some adverts have a different
id number for what looks like the same disk. Moreover,  one has
it as having 11ms access and one has it with 16ms access (slower
than the ST1239A,211MB,15ms that it's presumably replacing.)
Can anyone supply the correct information?

I see also that it's a 1 inch high thing (ST3...) rather than
a 'half-height' thing (ST1...). Is this A Bad Thing or does it
just mean that it will take up a whole drive slot instead of half?

While I'm asking questions, is there any other figure to look
out for when choosing a hard disk (such as transfer rate) or
is that fairly constant *once size and type (IDE) are fixed*?
I am *not* interested in caching hardware since the PC will
run Linux (plug, plug...) which blows away most (if not all)
of caching hadrware advantages.

--Malcolm