HDTenEightyP/NetNews huggingface dataset:
From: russ@psych.toronto.edu (Russell Sutherland Dean's Office)
Subject: setsccbatch problems
Organization: Department of Psychology, University of Toronto
Distribution: na
Date: Mon, 31 Aug 92 14:18:24 GMT

I have a QMS-PS810 that has operated quite nicely for
almost 4 years. Recently a problem occurred that has me stumped.

I used to be able to change the baud rate of the the 25 pin
serial port as follows:

serverdict begin 0 exitserver
statusdict begin
25 38400 3 setsccbatch
end

The baud rate of the printer is now stuck at 1200. This
shows up on the startyp page and is indeed the actual
baud rate of the printer. The "sccbatch" operater indicates
that the printer is at 38400 baud, the most recent value
given to the "setsccbatch" operator.

Has anyone else experienced this strange behaviour? Do
I need a new PS interpreter? Is their a simple software
or hardware fix?
From: atmos@vax.oxford.ac.uk
Newsgroups: comp.lang.idl-pvwave
Subject: IDL Vector Fonts !!!! HELP !!!!
Date: 3 Sep 92 19:31:05 GMT
Organization: Oxford University VAX 6620



Does anybody know if there is an IDL Slanted Roman vector font available? 
It is not one of the font options in the IDL manual, but I was wondering if 
it was available via ftp or something. 

I would like to match some IDL titles with pages of TEX Slanted Roman output. I 
am using a HP plotter so POSTSCRIPT is no use. 

Any ideas?... Many thanks,



Paul Morris,
Dept. of Atmospheric Physics,
University of Oxford,
England.
From: thompson@stars.gsfc.nasa.gov (William Thompson, code 682.1, x2040)
Newsgroups: comp.lang.idl-pvwave
Subject: Re: Widget motion event in data coordinates?
Date: 27 Aug 92 19:06:00 GMT
Organization: NASA/GSFC-Laboratory for Astronomy and Solar Physics
News-Software: VAX/VMS VNEWS 1.4-b1

In article <1992Aug27.130439@gorgo.gsfc.nasa.gov>, sullivan@gorgo.gsfc.nasa.gov (Dan sullivan) writes...
> 
>I want to print out the lat-lon  coordinates of the mouse moving 
>within a draw widget. The event handler sends the coordinates in
>device coordinates. How do I convert device coordinates to data
>(lat-lon) coordinates? I use the cursor procedure but it slows the
>program down. 

The command

		      CONVERT_COORD,X,Y,/DEVICE,/TO_DATA

should do the trick.

Bill Thompson
From: mark@ginger.biophys.upenn.edu (Mark Elliott)
Newsgroups: comp.lang.idl-pvwave
Subject: HELP making widgets look "busy"
Date: 3 Sep 92 19:07:45 GMT


	Does anyone know a good way to imply that an IDL widget is "busy"?
With other widget toolkits (Motif,...) I used to do things like:

	- Change the cursor to an hour-glass
	- Change the background color of the widget
	- Make all the widget items (buttons,...) become insensitive

Can any/all of the above be done with IDL widgets?



Mark Elliott                       |     
Dept of Radiology                  |     Voice: (215) 898-9357
University of Pennsylvania         |     FAX  : (215) 573-2113
Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA         |     Email: mark@ginger.biophys.upenn.edu
 
Newsgroups: comp.lang.idl-pvwave
From: black@breeze.rsre.mod.uk (John Black)
Newsgroups: comp.lang.idl-pvwave
Subject: IDL & PV~WAVE routine ftp archives
Date: 27 Aug 92 08:55:06 GMT
Reply-To: jvb@hermes.mod.uk
Distribution: comp.lang.idl-pvwave
Organization: Defence Research Agency

Sorry if this is a FAQ. I saw reference to ftp archives of PV~WAVE and IDL
routines. Could anyone knowing about these E-mail me the info about the 
location of these archives plus info on how to use the archives.

I'll post a summary of the info get 

	Thanks in advance,
			John Black
			     Janet: jvb@uk.mod.hermes
			  Internet: jvb%hermes.mod.uk@relay.mod.uk 

PS. Is there a FAQ list for this newsgroup?
From: james@teal.csn.org (Jim Phillips)
Newsgroups: comp.lang.idl-pvwave
Subject: Re: Giant crosshairs
Date: 28 Aug 92 23:14:32 GMT
Organization: Colorado SuperNet, Inc.

In article <laa-270892173708@berserk.c3.lanl.gov> laa@lanl.gov (Lee Ankeny) writes:
>Hello Wave gurus,
>
>I'd like to implement a "giant crosshair", like the old tek terminals used
>to have. It would extend from top edge to bottom edge, and left edge to
>right edge of the window, intersecting at the current mouse pointer
>location.
>

Hi Lee.  You might give this a try.  Not guaranteed to be bullet proof :-)
But it should get you going in the right direction.  Courtesy of 
Mike 4 Mayer, PVI field Technical Sales Engineer.

----8<----------CUT HERE -----8<---------------CUT HERE-------------

PRO BIGHAIR, x, y
;
; Procedure to get cursor location in current window,
; using cursor lines across the entire window.
; The X and Y cursor locations (in pixels) are returned.
; Further modification could allow Normalized or
; Data coordinates to be returned.
;
; Mike Mayer, 8/28/92
;
; Usage:
; WAVE> BIGHAIR, x, y
;
PRINT, 'Press left mouse button to quit...'
DEVICE, Get_Graphics = oldmode
DEVICE, Set_Graphics = 6 ; XOR write mode.
xmax = !D.X_Vsize
ymax = !D.Y_Vsize
!Err = 0 ; Reset.
CURSOR, oldx, oldy, /Device, /Change
PLOTS, [oldx, oldx], [0, ymax], /Device  ; Draw first crosshairs.
PLOTS, [0, xmax], [oldy, oldy], /Device  ; Draw first crosshairs.
EMPTY
WHILE !Err NE 1 DO BEGIN
   CURSOR, x, y, /Device, /Change
   PLOTS, [oldx, oldx], [0, ymax], /Device  ; Erase last crosshairs.
   PLOTS, [0, xmax], [oldy, oldy], /Device ; Erase last crosshairs.
   PLOTS, [x, x], [0, ymax], /Device ; Draw new crosshairs.
   PLOTS, [0, xmax], [y, y], /Device ; Draw new crosshairs.
   oldx = x
   oldy = y
   EMPTY
ENDWHILE
PLOTS, [oldx, oldx], [0, ymax], /Device  ; Erase last crosshairs.
PLOTS, [0, xmax], [oldy, oldy], /Device ; Erase last crosshairs.
DEVICE, Set_Graphics = oldmode
PRINT, 'X = ' + STRTRIM(x, 2), '   Y = ' + STRTRIM(y, 2)
END

----8<----------CUT HERE -----8<---------------CUT HERE-------------

James K. Phillips       Sprocket Scientist     pvi!james@boulder.colorado.edu
 Precision Visuals, Inc.                        (303) 530-9000
 6260 Lookout Rd         Boulder - A quaint little town nestled between
 Boulder, CO 80301                   the ROCKIES and REALITY.
Newsgroups: comp.lang.idl-pvwave
From: zawodny@arbd0.larc.nasa.gov (Dr. Joseph M Zawodny)
Subject: Re: PC-IDL
Keywords: demo version
Organization: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA
Date: Thu, 3 Sep 1992 11:24:10 GMT

 The price I've seen for PC-IDL is $1500.00 .  Yes I said one thousand five
hundred american dollars!  That is for a beta test version for windows with a
copy of the first "official" release when it becomes available.  I've seen
it run and it is pleasingly fast on a 33MHz 386.  I do not think it is going to
get a wide market share at that price however.  There are enough die hard
IDLers out there like myself who will buy it though, and I'm sure after a few
hundred of us pay the developement costs or the PV people get theirs going and
start a price war the price will come down.  

*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*
 Joseph M. Zawodny   (KO4LW)                      NASA Langley Research Center
 zawodny@arbd0.larc.nasa.gov                      MS-475,    Hampton VA, 23681
*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*
From: mark@ginger.biophys.upenn.edu (Mark Elliott)
Newsgroups: comp.lang.idl-pvwave
Subject: HELP with IDL widget_text values
Date: 31 Aug 92 20:55:57 GMT


	I have an IDL text widget (scrollable) which has lines appended to it
during the course of a program. The line I use looks like:

	WIDGET_CONTROL, TXTWID, SET_VALUE = LINES, /APPEND

The problem is that as the newly added lines of text are added,
the widget's scroll window is not adjusted to make the new lines visible.
Consequently, the user has no idea that new text is there. Is there any way
to keep the text widget's view window on the bottom most line?



Mark Elliott                       |     
Dept of Radiology                  |     Voice: (215) 898-9357
University of Pennsylvania         |     FAX  : (215) 573-2113
Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA         |     Email: mark@ginger.biophys.upenn.edu
Newsgroups: comp.lang.idl-pvwave
From: baird@thor.pnl.gov (DB Baird)
Newsgroups: comp.lang.idl-pvwave
Subject: Some 3d Help needed
Date: 4 Sep 92 16:07:35 GMT
Article-I.D.: oracle.1992Sep4.160735.21206
Reply-To: baird@thor.pnl.gov
Organization: Battelle/PNL

I have never posted to a news group so I hope this finds its way.
This is the deal.  I am a new user of PV~wave and am currently
running 4.0 on a Sparc 2.  I have a data set that represents a 
sound wave through a chunk of metal.  The Data is stored in a 3d
array, for discussion lets say the name of the  array is CHUNK.
CHUNK is a (250,100,100) floating array and I have repicate measures.

This is what I want to do:  Visualize slice planes within my cube of
data.  The hard part is I want to see my volumn bounds.  I would like
to see a wire frame box with a plane slicing through it showing off my
wonderful data.  I would  even like to put a couple cubes of data up
at once.

If you have anything please post it, my local email is not working to well
these days.

Thanks
daryl baird
Newsgroups: comp.lang.idl-pvwave
From: thompson@stars.gsfc.nasa.gov (William Thompson, code 682.1, x2040)
Subject: Re: IDL Vector Fonts !!!! HELP !!!!
News-Software: VAX/VMS VNEWS 1.4-b1  
Organization: NASA/GSFC-Laboratory for Astronomy and Solar Physics
Date: Fri, 4 Sep 1992 14:06:00 GMT

In article <1992Sep3.203106.8650@vax.oxford.ac.uk>, atmos@vax.oxford.ac.uk writes...
> 
>Does anybody know if there is an IDL Slanted Roman vector font available? 
>It is not one of the font options in the IDL manual, but I was wondering if 
>it was available via ftp or something. 
> 
>I would like to match some IDL titles with pages of TEX Slanted Roman output.
>I am using a HP plotter so POSTSCRIPT is no use.

As far as I know, there are no provisions in IDL for adding to the Hershey
vector drawn fonts.  That has been a frustration to us in the past, when we
wanted to use characters such as the Angstrom symbol (\AA in TeX).

You can use device specific fonts with some device drivers, such as PostScript
and X-windows, but you can't have a consistent interface between devices.

What may be best is if IDL could incorporate some industry standard for reading
(outline) font definitions, and reproducing them on any graphics device.  There
may be some performance issues, but for publication quality output it may be
worth it.  I don't know enough about the subject to suggest what that standard
would be, however.

For what it's worth,

Bill Thompson
Newsgroups: comp.lang.idl-pvwave
From: benell@spot.Colorado.EDU (Kirk D. Benell)
Subject: Re: HELP with IDL widget_text values
Organization: University of Colorado, Boulder
Date: Tue, 1 Sep 1992 15:37:10 GMT

In article <87523@netnews.upenn.edu> mark@ginger.biophys.upenn.edu (Mark Elliott) writes:
>
>	I have an IDL text widget (scrollable) which has lines appended to it
>during the course of a program. The line I use looks like:
>
>	WIDGET_CONTROL, TXTWID, SET_VALUE = LINES, /APPEND
>
>The problem is that as the newly added lines of text are added,
>the widget's scroll window is not adjusted to make the new lines visible.
>Consequently, the user has no idea that new text is there. Is there any way
>to keep the text widget's view window on the bottom most line?
>

About the easiest way to do this is to "set" the value of the text
widget to its old value with the new line added to the bottom. Idl will
then "recompute" the size of the scroll bar. This would be done as follows:

	WIDGET_CONTROL, TXTWIN, GET_VALUE = BUFFER ;Get the current text values

	BUFFER = [BUFFER, LINES]   ;Append the new lines to the value array.

	WIDGET_CONTROL, TXTWIN, SET_VALUE = BUFFER ;Set text with values

This should do the trick.	-K  
 

Newsgroups: comp.lang.idl-pvwave
From: strebel@spot.Colorado.EDU (STREBEL STEPHEN CURT)
Subject: Re: HELP with IDL widget_text values
Organization: University of Colorado, Boulder
Date: Tue, 1 Sep 1992 03:43:44 GMT

In article <87523@netnews.upenn.edu> mark@ginger.biophys.upenn.edu (Mark Elliott) writes:
>
>	I have an IDL text widget (scrollable) which has lines appended to it
>during the course of a program. The line I use looks like:
>
>	WIDGET_CONTROL, TXTWID, SET_VALUE = LINES, /APPEND
>
>The problem is that as the newly added lines of text are added,
>the widget's scroll window is not adjusted to make the new lines visible.
>Consequently, the user has no idea that new text is there. Is there any way
>to keep the text widget's view window on the bottom most line?
>
There is no automatic way to do it, but it can be done manually by setting
the scrollbar position.  The window is only adjusted when it is redrawn, so
you may have problems if the text line you add is wider then the original
lines.  You could just redraw the widget (bad solution!).
	hope this helps

	-stephen s

Newsgroups: comp.lang.idl-pvwave
From: laa@lanl.gov (Lee Ankeny)
Subject: Giant crosshairs
Followup-To: comp.lang.idl-pvwave
Organization: Los Alamos National Laboratory
Date: Thu, 27 Aug 1992 23:41:40 GMT

Hello Wave gurus,

I'd like to implement a "giant crosshair", like the old tek terminals used
to have. It would extend from top edge to bottom edge, and left edge to
right edge of the window, intersecting at the current mouse pointer
location.

It's not obvious to me how to do this, so I'd appreciate any tips you might
have. Thanks in advance.

----------------------------------
Lee Ankeny
Client Services, Group C-6
MS B295
Los Alamos National Laboratory
Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545

voice: 505-665-0195
fax:   505-665-5402
email: laa@lanl.gov
----------------------------------
From: kaplan@sol1.lrsm.upenn.edu (Peter Kaplan -Yodh)
Newsgroups: comp.lang.idl-pvwave
Subject: Sizing Postscript output
Summary: Suggestions?
Keywords: printing plots
Date: 27 Aug 92 12:51:34 GMT
Followup-To: comp.lang.idl-pvwave , kaplan@sol1.lrsm.upenn.edu
Organization: Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, University of Pennsylvania

I need a reliable way to make WYSIWYG X-window plots of what will eventually
be postscript driven paper output.  The basic problem seems to be controlling
the relationship between font size and plot size.

Currently, in order to make postscript output of PV-WAVE graphs, I have been
opening a postscript device as follows:

set_plot,'ps'
device,filename='graph.ps',xsize=6.0,ysize=6.0,/inches,yoffset=2,xoffset=+1

and then I resume plotting to the screen something like this:

device,/close
set_plot,'X'
window,0,xsize=500,ysize=500

For different plots, I play with the obvious parameters in the device line.

Does anyone know a formula relating X-window pixel sizes to postscript sizes.
Something which requires me to measure my X-window pixels before beginning
would be just fine.

Many thanks,

Peter (kaplan@sol1.lrsm.upenn.edu)
Newsgroups: comp.lang.idl-pvwave
From: isaacman@stars.gsfc.nasa.gov (Subvert the Dominant Paradigm! (301) 513-7769)
Newsgroups: comp.lang.idl-pvwave
Subject: Re: PC-IDL
Keywords: demo version
Date: 3 Sep 92 21:54:00 GMT
Organization: NASA/GSFC-Laboratory for Astronomy and Solar Physics
News-Software: VAX/VMS VNEWS 1.4-b1

In article <Bu02CA.Hzt@news.larc.nasa.gov>, zawodny@arbd0.larc.nasa.gov (Dr. Joseph M Zawodny) writes...
>It is pleasingly fast on a 33MHz 386.  I do not think it is going to
>get a wide market share at that price however.  There are enough die hard
>IDLers out there like myself who will buy it though, and I'm sure after a few
>hundred of us pay the developement costs or the PV people get theirs going and
>start a price war the price will come down.  
> 
We are running an alpha version on PC's on the COBE project at NASA and 
it is very impressive.  Don't expect competition with PV to bring the 
price down, though:  PV has no plans to port to DOS.  On the other hand, 
if you buy 10 or more copies then the price comes down to $900...(gulp).

Rich Isaacman
Newsgroups: comp.lang.idl-pvwave
From: strebel@spot.Colorado.EDU (STREBEL STEPHEN CURT)
Subject: Re: PC-IDL
Keywords: demo version
Organization: University of Colorado, Boulder
Date: Thu, 3 Sep 1992 01:01:34 GMT

IDL has already been released for the PC, for how much I don not know.
I am told that it runs pretty fast!

	stephen S
From: ucapbap@ucl.ac.uk (Mr Andrew Phillips)
Newsgroups: comp.lang.idl-pvwave
Subject: PC-IDL
Keywords: demo version
Date: 2 Sep 92 12:07:05 GMT
Organization: Bloomsbury Computing Consortium

Hi,
 I saw with interest that demo versions of IDL were available across the 
 net for different machines. I went to colorado, but there was no version
 for the ibm-pc/windows 3.x. (/pub/idl directory). I really like IDL and
 would like to see how well it runs on a PC. I have seen several mentions
 of this product in previous IDL newletters. Is there any idea of when 
 it will be released, and of the guestimated price?  If the pricing 
 follows that for our vaxen then it may be too much for just a single user
 IBM PC. If there is a demo version then I would like to test it. 
 
  I apologise to all who regard this as a `personal' to RSI, or as 
 unethical use of the net. But then this is less direct and urgent than 
 a phone call, but quicker than a letter. If the pv-wave guys have a version
 running on intel chips then i am interested in that too. The wonders of
 a free market. :-)

  Btw, Has anyone done any GIS stuff (Geographical Information Systems) with
 IDL or WAVE? Current leader of the market ARC/INFO seems unwieldy. It strikes
 me that the philosophy of IDL or WAVE is perfect for handling spatial data
 that is basically arrays of points. (but you would need a Database part too).

 yrs,
	Andy
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  A. Phillips			 SPAN 19709::ATP
  Mullard Space Science Lab	 JaNET atp@uk.ac.ucl.mssl or Vice Versa
  Holmbury St. Mary,
  Dorking,
  Surrey,
  England.
Newsgroups: comp.lang.idl-pvwave
From: thompson@stars.gsfc.nasa.gov (William Thompson, code 682.1, x2040)
Subject: Re: Giant crosshairs
Followup-To: comp.lang.idl-pvwave
News-Software: VAX/VMS VNEWS 1.4-b1  
Organization: NASA/GSFC-Laboratory for Astronomy and Solar Physics
Date: Fri, 28 Aug 1992 14:30:00 GMT

In article <laa-270892173708@berserk.c3.lanl.gov>, laa@lanl.gov (Lee Ankeny)
writes... 
>Hello Wave gurus,
> 
>I'd like to implement a "giant crosshair", like the old tek terminals used
>to have. It would extend from top edge to bottom edge, and left edge to
>right edge of the window, intersecting at the current mouse pointer
>location.
> 
>It's not obvious to me how to do this, so I'd appreciate any tips you might
>have. Thanks in advance.

The SunView driver in IDL has more-or-less this kind of crosshair (at least
it's huge), but the X-windows driver does not.  Maybe this is a limitation of
X-windows servers?  You can define your own cursor, but only within a 16x16
pixel box.

A while back there was a discussion about how to overplot lines that could be
erased without disturbing the underlying plot.  The following program (from an
earlier post by Dr. Joseph M Zawodny) utilized this feature to draw a cursor
box on the screen.  It probably could be modified to produce the kind of
crosshairs that you're talking about.  (Please note though that this particular
routine is now superceded by the built-in BOX_CURSOR command in IDL).

Another advantage to the Tektronix crosshair was that, with the arrow keys, one
could control the left-right and up-down motion independantly.  I once had an
application which required measuring something at one position, and then
measuring something else at a different Y position, but at the exact same X
position.  I wrote a routine which allowed me to move the cursor with the
keyboard, which I could post if anyone's interested.

Bill Thompson

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
From: zawodny@arbd0.larc.nasa.gov (Dr. Joseph M Zawodny)
Newsgroups: comp.lang.idl-pvwave
Subject: Re: rubber band lines
Date: 13 Jul 92 11:23:54 GMT
Organization: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA


 Here is a routine that will draw a "rubber band" box and will leave the
underlying plot undisturbed.

pro BOX,xv,yv,ratio=ratio,device=devi,data=data

   ; check keyword compatability
	if(keyword_set(device) and keyword_set(data)) then begin
		print,' BOX cannot be called with both /DEVICE and /DATA'
		return
	endif

   ; keep it quiet
	quiet=!quiet
	!quiet=1
   ; save ther current graphics mode
	device,get_graph=oldg,set_graph=6

   ; wait for the initial click
	cursor,x0,y0,/down,data=data,device=devi
   ; Initialize
	xo=x0
	yo=y0
   ; Have to plot the first point as a dot
	plots,[x0,x0,xo,xo,x0],[y0,yo,yo,y0,y0],data=data,device=devi

   ; sit here and watch for the cursor button to be released
again:	cursor,xdummy,ydummy,/nowait,data=data,device=devi
	if(!err ne 0) then goto,again

loop:
   ; make sure the window gets updated (wait forces a flush)
	wait,.001

   ; monitor the cursor for movements or the second click
	cursor,cx,cy,/change,data=data,device=devi
   ; if it was the second click we're done
	if(!err eq 1) then goto,done
   ; otherwise update the coordinates
	dx = cx-x0
	dy = cy-y0

  ; check aspect ratio ?
	if keyword_set(ratio) then begin
	; be careful of division by zero
		if(dx*dy eq 0) then begin
			dx = 0
			dy = 0
		endif else begin
		; two possible sides
			ay = abs(1.*dx/ratio)
			ax = abs(1.*dy*ratio)
		; select largest rectangle
			if(ax gt abs(dx)) then dx=ax*dx/abs(dx) $
				else dy=ay*dy/abs(dy)
		endelse
		
	endif

   ; values of the opposite vertex
	x1 = x0+dx
	y1 = y0+dy

   ; erase the old box
	plots,[x0,x0,xo,xo,x0],[y0,yo,yo,y0,y0],data=data,device=devi
   ; draw the new box
	plots,[x0,x0,x1,x1,x0],[y0,y1,y1,y0,y0],data=data,device=devi
   ; save the new coordinates
	xo=x1
	yo=y1
   ; keep going back until we get the second click
	goto,loop

done:
   ; restore graphics mode
	device,set_graph=oldg
   ; create output arrays
	xv=[x0,x1]
	yv=[y0,y1]
   ; special processing?
	if (not keyword_set(device)) then begin
	; for output in data coordinates order according to !n.CRANGE
		if(((!x.crange(1)-!x.crange(0)) * dx) lt 0) then xv=reverse(xv)
		if(((!y.crange(1)-!y.crange(0)) * dy) lt 0) then yv=reverse(yv)
	endif else begin
	; device coordinates are always non-real
		xv=long(xv)
		yv=long(yv)
	; for device coordinates use ascending order
		if(x0 gt x1) then xv=reverse(xv)
		if(y1 gt y0) then yv=reverse(yv)
	endelse
   ;clean up and return
	!quiet=quiet
	return
end


 You should be able to adapt this to your needs.  As for the second question,
you can preposition the cursor with the TVCRS command.  Get a manual or use
the ? function in IDL to get more info on this.  Both of these should work
under widgets.

	Best of Luck

Joseph M. Zawodny  (KO4LW)    /\  
NASA Langley Research Center  \/            This space for rent.
Hampton VA, 23665-5225        /\  
zawodny@arbd0.larc.nasa.gov   \/  
Newsgroups: comp.lang.idl-pvwave