HDTenEightyP/NetNews huggingface dataset:
From: stanton@athena.cs.uga.edu (Catherine Stanton)
Newsgroups: rec.pets.cats
Subject: Re: What do cats prefer? House or Owner (owned)?
Date: 9 Sep 92 21:45:45 GMT
Organization: University of Georgia, Athens

In article <cosulliv.716067808@sfu.ca> cosulliv@fraser.sfu.ca (Christina Marie O'Sullivan) writes:
>The day is rapidly approaching when I will leave the nest.  In the 
>extremely fortunate circumstance that I may actually find a place
>in which cats are permitted, I would of course want to take my
>little one with me.  Only I have to ask: which is the least
>traumatic for a middle-aged (8) cat -- packing up and leaving
>his estate or staying on his territory abandoned by his "special
>person"?
>
Well, I would have to say the owner.  My mother unloaded "my" cat
Steve onto me as soon as possible, she could take no more of him.
I of course, had wanted him for some time but wasn't able to be-
cause of roommates who insisted on owning large dogs.  I took Steve
when he was about 6 from a home that he hadn't left except for vet
visits his entire life.  He was terrified.  He got over  it.  The
first time he moved to a new home he hid under my bed for 3 days.
The second new place he moved to (I'm a college student, I move
around a LOT) he was fine.  Nowdays he takes about fifteen minutes
to get used to wherever he goes and I think the change is much
nicer for him than sedately living in one place for the rest of
his life.  Matter of fact tomorrow heleaves the parent's house and
heads back with me to Athens, he's gonna love it.  As long as your
cat has someone there to love him and treat him well, he will most
likely not mind his new place.

Cat
Newsgroups: rec.pets.cats
From: meyer@uuisis.isis.org (Katherine Meyer)
Subject: Re: Cat Peeing
Organization: International Shared Information Service (Ottawa)
Date: Mon, 07 Sep 92 20:28:58 GMT
Keywords: Pee

graeme@hart.actrix.gen.nz (Graeme Hart) writes:

>>We have three cats.  Two ex-females, and one ex-male (i.e. they have all
>>been spayed/neutered).
>>One of the females insists on peeing in the doorway to our bedroom.
>>She does this at least once a week, sometimes once a day.  Occasionally
>>she will pee somewhere else such as in the lounge.

>>We have had her checked by the vet and the problem doesn't seem to be
>>medical.  She pees outside most of the time.  Our vet thinks she is trying 
>>to show her ownership of the place.

It could be your cat doesn't like the smell of the Kitty litter you are using.
Some of the litters get to smell really obnoxious (because of the deoderant)
once they get wet.  I've noticed that smell even when the box is cleaned a 
couple times a day.  The litter being used had two deoderants in it.
Maybe you should try an unscented litter.
Also, I have three cats too and they each have their "own" litter box.  Seems 
to help.  I have two males kittens and an adult female (all neutered).
Don't clean the cat pee up with an ammonia based cleaner.  They will pee 
there again because the ammonia creates the same smell.

KATHERINE
MEYER@UUISIS.ISIS.ORG
CANADA
Newsgroups: rec.pets.cats
From: maverick@topgun.b29.ingr.com (Mike Sorrelle)
Subject: Re: Are humans able to get fleas? 
Reply-To: maverick@topgun.b29.ingr.com
Organization: Intergraph Corp., Dullsville (as in Huntsville), AL
Date: Mon, 14 Sep 1992 17:39:10 GMT

In article <17-PCNews-120beta@hart.actrix.gen.nz>, graeme@hart.actrix.gen.nz (Graeme Hart) writes:
|> delphine@garfield.cs.mun.ca (Delphine Au @ CS Dept., Memorial University of Newfoundland) once wrote....
|> >I have a cat, and he has fleas.  I can see them.  They are
|> >tiny, about the size of a pin head, and they jump very high
|> >and far.
|> >
|> >I have tried many things to get rid of them, but doesn't work.
|> >
|> >My question is: Would I be able to catch these fleas?
|> >
|> You might like to try a flea collar, combined with regular combing
   ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
But I doubt Delphine will be able to find one big enough to fit her....
OH, you mean for the CAT!
That's very different -- NEVERMIND.

:-)
Sorry, I couldn't resist.

-- 
                 _   |  Mike Sorrelle, Intergraph Corp., Huntsville, AL 
  /| /| |     / / \  |  Opinions expressed here are a daemon's, not mine.
 / |/ | | /| /   \   |  Internet:  maverick@topgun.b29.ingr.com
/     | |/ |/  \_/   |  UUCP:      ...uunet!ingr!b29!topgun!maverick
From: dg0q+@andrew.cmu.edu (Diane Gibson)
Newsgroups: rec.pets.cats
Subject: Re: Tail stood up straight, what's up??
Date: 4 Sep 92 20:22:50 GMT
	<1992Aug25.201036.18377@newshub.ccs.yorku.ca>
	<ERICJ.92Aug26132544@lagos.cfsat.Honeywell.COM>
Organization: Business Systems, Carnegie Mellon, Pittsburgh, PA


ericj@hwcae.Honeywell.COM (Eric Jacobsen) wrote:

>A few years ago somebody told me (or maybe I saw it on PBS), that a straight
>up tail is a friendly greeting (although this doesn't merge with your
>ankle attack situation very well). Ever since I heard that I've paid
>attention to cat's tails and generally agree that it is a friendly
>greeting, happy alert cat, I want to play, sort of signal.
 
>So far 100% of test samples of cat trotting toward me with tail up has
>meant friendly greeting.

Or, in the case of my cat, trotting toward me with her tail up usually
means:  "Hooray, your coming to the kitchen to feed me!"

Diane and Suki
Carnegie Mellon University
From: oispeggy@ubvmsd.cc.buffalo.edu (Peggy Brown)
Newsgroups: rec.pets.cats
Subject: must find my cat a new home...anyone interested?
Date: 14 Sep 92 13:19:00 GMT
Organization: University at Buffalo
News-Software: VAX/VMS VNEWS 1.41

Sorry to say, I must find my cats new homes.  I have severe 
sinus problems - 2 sinus surgeries in the past 2 years and daily 
medications including antihistamine, decongestant and steroid 
spray.  I also discovered I'm allergic to cats.

Last week my OTO advised me to get rid of the cats.  I'm pregnant 
and have to cut out the sinus medications.  I can't have allergy 
shots because I'm pregnant.  Anyone within a few hours of 
Buffalo, who might be interested in adopting a cat, please 
contact me.

Description of cats:

Tara
o  neutered female
o  5 years old 
o  excellent health, all shots up-to-date, negative to
   feline leukemia (but not vaccinnated since she is a house cat)
o  tortoise shell (black with beige and orange flecks)
o  declawed - both front and back claws removed
o  very affectionnate, likes everyone, likes her tummy rubbed


Shayne
o  neutered female
o  14 years old
o  no health problems (yet), all shots up-to-date, negative to
   feline leukemia (but not vaccinnated since she is a house cat)
o  calico - white with orange and black
o  declawed - front claws removed
o  very affectionnate and friendly, still very active and 
   enjoying herself
Newsgroups: rec.pets.cats
From: ruthc@sco.COM (this space intentionally left blank)
Subject: Re: Laryngitis virus?
Organization: The Santa Cruz Operation, Inc.
Date: Fri, 11 Sep 1992 19:36:20 GMT


In article <92254.233521JDB6@psuvm.psu.edu> <JDB6@psuvm.psu.edu> writes:
>Clyde appears to have laryngitis. He is quickly loosing his normal
>low meow and it is taken over by a high squeak! It sounds painfull,
>and he is "talking" much less than normal. One Vet said that there
>wasn't much to do if he was still eating and drinking normally
>(which he is, thank you :-), but if so, he probably has progressed
>to a sore throat and will need antibiotics. The Vet claimed that
>this is a virus that is "going around" now.
 
>Has anyone heard of such a virus/symptom reciently?
>Any home remidies to run past the Vet? (New Vet, may not be up on
>everything yet...)

I took Norton into the vet the other afternoon - he had been sounding
different - his meow was somewhat "gravelly" and much quieter.  he'd
also choke like he was about to vomit, but then would spit out/up only
a small amount of clear fluid.  he'd been eating and drinking normally.
the vet said it was possible that he had gotten a piece of grass or
a foxtail lodged up beyond his soft palate, up into the back of his
sinus cavity.  the only way the vet could know for sure would be to
give Norton a general anesthetic & take a look (I guess they don't
make kitty-sized tongue-depressors).  of course, if it were some foreign
matter in there, they'd be able to get it out at the same time.

well, I went for it, even though I was very concerned about the general.

Norton came out of it just fine, thank goodness.  they found nothing
stuck up there.  the vet said that Norton's tonsils and larynx were
swollen and irritated, and suggested that it might be a laryngitis
virus.  so now Norton is on antibiotics.  he's already sounding 
better, though the vet said it may take 7-10 days before he's back
to his normal loud self.

-r
-- 
"A woman is like a diamond/She is valuable/Made of compressed carbon
molecules/And is one of the four suits in a deck of playing cards." 
      - Horatio, the would-be poet from  HORATIO AND ALGERNON,
                      a Play in One Act by Steven Stern and Andrew Clateman
From: iadt1jm@prism.gatech.EDU (Jean McSpadden)
Newsgroups: rec.pets.cats
Subject: Re: Should I get a second kitten?
Date: 9 Sep 92 13:45:50 GMT
Organization: Georgia Institute of Technology

In <37823@sdcc12.ucsd.edu> myers@cs.ucsd.edu (Margaret Myers) writes:

>How long did it take Lizzie to get use to Rapunzel? About 3 
>months ago I adopted Tinker, a 5 week old feisty tiger kitten. 
>Oliver (5 years old) STILL hisses and growls whenever he sees 
>Tinker. Its very stressful at home and I feel sorry for Oliver.
>I try to give him (Oliver) special attention but he is so
>upset he hisses and growls at *me* sometimes too. If I seperate
>the two (hard to do in my tiny one bedroom apartment), Oliver
>will calm down and be his old mellow self but when IT (Tinker)
>reappears he gets upset again...

Because I have four cats who seem to love and be very happy with each 
other I use to nag my brother who has a ten year old Himalayan, Tiff, 
who never did anything but lay around all day, telling him that he must 
get her a companion. A little year ago he got this terror of a Calico kitten, 
Gizmo, who was a ball of energy that never stopped and who would constantly
pick on Tiff making her life miserable. Two months ago my brother, 
figuring that things could not get any worse, decided he had to 
take drastic measures to solve this dilemma.  So he brought home a present 
for Gizmo, a ten week old Maine Coon kitten named AJ. For them this 
solution is working out fabulously. The kitten and high energy Gizmo hit 
it off completely and now that Gizmo has a willing playmate she has no 
interest in brothering Tiff who has gone back to being her old laid back 
self.



-- 
Jean McSpadden 
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta Georgia, 30332
uucp: ...!{allegra,amd,hplabs,seismo,ut-ngp}!gatech!prism!iadt1jm
ARPA: iadt1jm@prism.gatech.edu
From: pstevens@Metaphor.COM (Paul Stevens)
Newsgroups: rec.pets.cats
Subject: Re: Cat doesn't trust children
Date: 8 Sep 92 17:54:02 GMT
Reply-To: pstevens@Metaphor.COM (Paul Stevens)
Organization: m4

In article <1992Sep3.172431.21322@ncar.ucar.edu>, vicki@steam.atd.ucar.edu (Vicki Holzhauer) writes:
|> In article <2487@cronos.metaphor.com> pstevens@Metaphor.COM (Paul Stevens) writes:
|> >My cat Tara, a middle-aged (7.5 years) Siamese-Balinese mix, has always
|> >had this mistrust of children that borders on mortal terror sometimes.
|> >I am pretty sure that she never had any bad experiences with kids.
|> >There's just something about them that scares her.
|> 
|> 
|> Abigail (16) has never trusted children.  She came to me as a stray
|> when she was somewhere between 6 and 9 months old.  The family who had
|> taken her off the street had several children, dogs, and cats (and had
|> room for no more!).  Perhaps she was mistreated by children; I'll
|> never know.
|> 
|> The funny thing is that she likes my three older cousins, whom she met
|> when they were adults.  My youngest cousin is now 24, but when Abigail
|> first met him, he was 10.  She *remembers* that Rick used to be a kid,
|> and he's the only cousin she won't come out for.  Rick has taken care
|> of my cats for as much as week while I've been on vacation and has
|> only seen Zarabeth for the whole week.  Abigail just sits under the
|> bed glowering at him and probably mumbling about how he used to be a
|> kid.
|> 

I can see it now.  The cat McCarthy trials:
And you Mr. so-called "cat lover": Are you now or have you ever been a
kid or kid-sympathizer?  Ah-HA!

The most I ever saw Tara freak-out over kids was once when a pair of
"them" came to the door (to sell cookies or something).  She saw them
from upstairs and came slinking slowly down the stairs, with this look
of pure fear.  When she got far enough down the stairs that she 
thought she could out run them, when they begin what she must have 
thought would be an imminent attack, she bolted like a cartoon character
(feet skidding, tail flying).  I'm sure the sound of their laughter
only reinforced her belief that she just barely escaped a horrible
fate!

+------------------------------------------------------------------------+

   Paul Stevens                        {apple|decwrl}!metaphor!pstevens
   Metaphor Computer Systems           pstevens@metaphor.com
   Mountain View, CA
From: mverman@msus1.msus.edu
Newsgroups: rec.pets.cats
Subject: Re: Looking for pet odor remover/neutralizer.
Date: 4 Sep 92 22:07:39 GMT
Organization: Minnesota State University System

In article <1992Sep3.173146.9148@newsgate.sps.mot.com>, r1156c@waccvm.corp.mot.com (Michael R. Dow) writes:
> 
> 	Ok... So, after Vincent is done marking a spot repeatedly, how do I 	
> remove the odor?  I can use something like 'Simple Solution', but I want
> vincent's odor *GONE*....
> 
> 	Chemicals?  Solvents?  Fire?
> 
> 
> 
> --
> Michael R. Dow
> -N1JCX-
> (...insert disclaimer...)
From: jocha@function.mps.ohio-state.edu (Marianne S. Jocha)
Newsgroups: rec.pets.cats
Subject: Re: Why Do Cats Sit on Paper?
Date: 8 Sep 1992 15:34:08 -0400
Organization: Department of Mathematics, The Ohio State University
Distribution: world
NNTP-Posting-Host: function.mps.ohio-state.edu

In article <1992Sep4.215309.656@cs.tulane.edu> coimay@sn01.sncc.lsu.edu writes:
>Okay, here's my theory.  I call it the Special Theory.
>
>Cat walks into a room and wants to sit on the floor.  My, what a lot of
>floor to chose from, thinks Cat.  Where shall I sit?  Hmmm, there's a
>spot over there that's different, it has newspaper on it.  Now, if that
>spot's different, it must be special and since I'm the most Special
>Creature on the planet, it must be meant for me.
>
Yup, Laura, I think you're on to something.  Out of all I've read,
this sounds the closest to right to me!  OK, now who's willing to try
it out??  :-)
                       --marianne--
Newsgroups: rec.pets.cats
From: coimay@sn01.sncc.lsu.edu ( LAURA CARRIERE)
Subject: Re: Yet another kitten story
News-Software: VAX/VMS VNEWS 1.3-4   
Reply-To: coimay@sn01.sncc.lsu.edu
Organization: The unofficial LSU news node
Distribution:  world
Date: Thu, 10 Sep 1992 23:47:30 GMT
Nntp-Posting-Host-[nntpd-7114]: sn01.sncc.lsu.edu

In article <1992Sep10.094729.6629@iscsvax.uni.edu>, klier@iscsvax.uni.edu writes...
>Charlotte's kittens are just beginning to open their eyes (day 9).  Mark
>held the one whose eyes _are_ open up to the mirror, and the kitten
>hissed!  Mark was _very_ surprised.  

I'll bet.  When the hurricane kitties opened their eyes last week I got
the feeling that they weren't actually focusing on anything for two or
three days.  But then, I never thought to hold one up to a mirror.  I
have heard one of them hiss at another kitten.  I laughed.  How scary
does a fuzzy little four inch long kitten think it can be?

Laura Carriere
From: david@master.uchicago.edu
Newsgroups: rec.pets.cats
Subject: Re: Finicky Felines Fasting
Date: 11 Sep 92 23:53:33 GMT
Organization: University of Chicago, Department of Anatomy

In article <1992Sep11.174131.15358@infonode.ingr.com>, margaret@infonode.ingr.com (Margaret Wiginton) writes:
> Sorry if this is an FAQ, but...
> 
> For a long time, I gave my two cats Iams (canned).  They *loved* it.
> Then, suddenly, one day it was NO MORE IAMS IN A CAN.  They wouldn't touch
> the stuff.  It was just as well, because, at about the same time, 
> I adopted a third cat, and, for odor control, began feeding them
> Iams dry.  They *loved* it.  (Less litter box odor, too.)
> 
> Now, (several months later) out of the blue, its NO MORE IAMS DRY.  
> I've tried a couple of other brands of dry food, but they don't like 
> them much, either.  (I KNOW they're holding out for canned food.)  
> 
stuff deleted
> ___________________
> Margaret Wiginton
> margaret@msw104i.b24b.ingr.com
> 


	Don't give in.  Show no weakness !!! Today its what kind of food they
want, tommorrow they'll be in control of the T.V. and you'll find yourself
sleeping on the floor because they like your bed.  My cats get cat chow,and
if they don't like it, TOUGH.  Remember, having cats is a constant battle
to see who's in charge !!! In my house, I AM !!!


						-David
						 University of Chicago


The above illustrates how well a human can be trained to THINK he is in 
charge.  The trick is to make them think that everything is their idea .

					-Gandalf,Althea and Chelsea,
					 David's overlords
From: kgs@panix.com (Karen Schneider)
Newsgroups: rec.pets.cats
Subject: Sitting on Bare Skin
Date: 11 Sep 92 02:55:55 GMT
Organization: PANIX Public Access Unix, NYC

I think I know why cats don't like our bare skin--it's
(yuck!) hairless!  I think cats feel sorry for us because
we are naked and tailless...


-- 
----------------------------------------------------------------------
K.G.Schneider  kgs@panix.com

"Prudence keeps life safe, but does not often make it happy"
Newsgroups: rec.pets.cats
From: pdsmith.mitre.org (Pat Smith)
Subject: Re: Running (Cat) Hooves
Organization: The MITRE Corporation
Distribution: usa
Date: Tue, 8 Sep 1992 21:07:46 GMT

In article <gef_Z2u00UhWE1wV9y@andrew.cmu.edu>, "Susan R. Wagner" <sw39+@andrew.cmu.edu> writes:
> 
> >Does anyone notice that when their cats race through the house playing,
> they so
> >und like a herd of elephants? It's amazing how loud those little paws
> can sound
> >. (Of course, the floors are wood. Maybe that's why it sounds so loud!).
>  
> >pamcu:) (Loving owner of Max and Zoe-holy terrors)
>  
> I am constantly amazed how my one cat can make so much noise running
> around our carpeted apartment.  The neighbors below must think I have
> human children with all the noise!  Little do they know, that it is a
> CAT!
> 
> Susan and Jester
> 
oh yes.  My two small cats also sound like a herd of elephants when running
upstairs.  Add a 70 lb dog to the race and its time to find another game to 
play.  The cats also get on a floor to ceiling sratching post we built them
and it sounds like the house is coming down.  We have had to reinstall this 
post once to anchor it better.
> 
> 
> 
Newsgroups: rec.pets.cats
From: karenr@geronimo.sps.mot.com (Karen Ramondetta)
Subject: Little Black Spots
Reply-To: karenr@geronimo.sps.mot.com
Organization: Motorola, Inc.
Date: Thu, 10 Sep 1992 23:48:11 GMT


I have two cats, both about 2 years old.  They both have little black spots
on their noses, lips and skin around their eyes.  One of them had these spots
when I found her as a stray.  The other didn't have them when I got him 2 years
ago, but does now.  They are very small, and almost look like dirt but don't 
come off.  My sister, the hypocondriac, thinks it's melanoma.  I thought maybe 
just aging.  Has anyone seen this type of thing before? Should I have been at 
the vet weeks ago?  They are both very healthy indoor cats otherwise.

Karen

karenr@ssdt-tempe.sps.mot.com
From: smbrook@venus.lerc.nasa.gov (Connie S. Fairman)
Subject: Re: Cats, fleas, Precor, etc.
News-Software: VAX/VMS VNEWS 1.41    
Keywords: Cats,Fleas, - not working out
Organization: NASA Lewis Research Center
Date: 15 Sep 1992 11:36 EDT  

In article <1992Sep10.180729.24894@sco.com>, brianm@sco.com (Brian Moffet) writes...
>colten@cbnewsb.cb.att.com (marc.colten) writes:
> 
 [stuff deleted]
> you can get them to sink to the bottom where they
>will try and jump, and it is so delightful to watch them *suffer*!!
                        ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
>Mwa hahaha!!!   (ahem, excuse me....)

A friend at work said I was cruel when I expressed this opinion.  I 
have *NO* sympathy for the little blood-sucking parasites, however.

 [more stuff deleted]
>.. Let them drown for about 12 hours 

We are battling fleas right now, too.  We combed 50+ off two cats
(who don't go outside) on Saturday morning.  They have since been
flea dipped and the apartment has been bombed.  We tried using
water alone to drown the fleas, but it just seemed to take too long
for them to die.  So we used rubbing alcohol.  Just drop them in,
and in about 15 seconds, they're dead.  Instant gratification ("DIE,
SUCKER!!")  >:)  Plus, it's a good bet that no one will accidentally
drink it.  We thought about using the tequila that we haven't touched
since our wedding, but we didn't want the fleas to enjoy it. :)
Good luck with your flea problems, everyone!

			Connie
			~~~~~~

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Connie Fairman			|     phone: 216-891-2912 
Sverdrup Technology, Inc.       |            
Brook Park, Ohio  44142         |     email: smbrook@mars.lerc.nasa.gov 
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
From: joanm@moe.coe.uga.edu (Joan Maxfield UCNS)
Newsgroups: rec.pets.cats
Subject: Re: Happy Birthday!
Date: 6 Sep 92 02:06:49 GMT
Organization: College of Education, University of Georgia

In article <1992Sep5.032546.22886@auto-trol.com> katbea@auto-trol.com (Kathy Beatty) writes:

   Good idea! I want to wish a happy birthday to Alicecat (note that
   her name has evolved from just plain Alice). I got her on Feb. 3rd,
   and the vet estimated she was born in Sept., so Sept. 3rd is as
   good a day as any!
	HEY WAIT A MINUTE! That's MY birthday!

	Joan
Newsgroups: rec.pets.cats
From: tdlg9831@uxa.cso.uiuc.edu (Tracey Dianne Layng)
Subject: Re: Any help for a drooler?
Organization: University of Illinois at Urbana
Date: Tue, 15 Sep 1992 15:12:04 GMT

Hi.

This is about drooling cats.  I have a cat whose nose gets very very wet when
she is being loved. My grandmother had a cat who drooled copiously everytime
she was held and petted. I know it's rather unpleasant, but the vet said that
it means that the cat is extremely content, secure and happy. 

Tracey
Newsgroups: rec.pets.cats
From: ericj@hwcae.Honeywell.COM (Eric Jacobsen)
Subject: Re: Conversations with cats
Organization: Honeywell, Air Transport Division; Phoenix, AZ
Date: Tue, 8 Sep 1992 18:59:31 GMT

In article <4SEP199216254335@jetson.uh.edu> hcls7@jetson.uh.edu (Marino, Nancy F.) writes:


   answers to it. We may have the only cats who actually come when called. Our
   firends think it's pretty funny that they can "talk" to these kitties in this
   way.

I used to think there weren't many cats that would come when called, but I
have since been educated. Our current cat is pretty good about this and
will even respond to flashing the porch light at night.


--
*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*
* Eric Jacobsen        Honeywell Inc.                           *
|     1-602-436-3941   Commercial Flight Systems, Air Transport |
* HVN       436-3941   US Mail: P.O. Box 21111, MS 2Q34C1       *
| FAX 1-602-436-1310   Phoenix AZ 85036-1111                    |
* INet: ericj@hwcae.honeywell.com                               *
| UUCP: uunet!hwcae.honeywell.com!ericj@uunet.uu.net            |
* The opinions expressed are my own and therefore better        *
| thought out than my employer's.                               |
*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*