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Date:         Sun, 30 Aug 1992 09:22:20 EDT
From:         Takeshi Utsumi <utsumi@CUNIXF.CC.COLUMBIA.EDU>
Subject:      GLOSAS NEWS/GLOBAL EDUCATION EDITION/II:3 (40 Kbytes)/3-3
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                       The Electronic Bulletin of the
             GLObal Systems Analysis and Simulation Association
                                 in the USA

                  Email distribution: GLOSAS@vm1.mcgill.ca
                          Also distributed by fax.

"Better to light a single candle than to damn the darkness." Confucius
**********************************************************************
ISSN-1188-6307                 Vol.II  No.3                  July 1992
**********************************************************************

In this issue:

1.   About GLOSAS News (GN)
2.   Editorial
3.   Current news and work in progress:  The ICEM conference and
     Teleteaching 93
4.   Feature article:  A Critique of American Infrastructure Network
     Projects to Guide Efforts to Support Social Values Through Networking
     - by Drs. Thomas I. M. Ho and Kai Sung
6.   About GLOSAS

**********************************************************************
1.   About GLOSAS News
**********************************************************************

<GN> FREE DISTRIBUTION:  GLOSAS News is the electronic bulletin of the
GLObal Systems Analysis and Simulation Association in the USA (GLOSAS/USA).
It is distributed free of charge by fax and electronic mail.  We thank
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facilities.

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owner/editor is entitled to SEND to the list.  This was thought the best
way to prevent undesired mail from reaching our readers.  Please send your


                                        - 2 -


comments, suggestions, enquiries, letters and criticisms to:

                    Prof. Anton Ljutic, Editor
          E-mail:   Anton@Vax2.Concordia.Ca.
          Fax:      514-672-9299
          Snail:    Champlain College/Economics
                    900 Riverside Drive
                    St. Lambert, Quebec J4P 3P2, Canada

<GN> EDITORIAL POLICY:  We publish contributions dealing with practical
applications of telecommunications in education.  We lay particular
emphasis on global cooperative gaming, simulations and educational
exchanges as well as efforts to broaden network access on a global scale.
Our ultimate objective is to build a Global (electronic) University which
would offer universal access to quality education.

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Recipients by FAX please send your messages to:

          Anton Ljutic, Fax: 514-672-9299

Our address lists are CONFIDENTIAL and we do not share them.

**********************************************************************
2.   Editorial
**********************************************************************

     The June 2, 1992 issue of The Economist includes an article about
computer networks and the "new infrastructure" which deserves quoting at
length (cf. The fruitful, tangled trees of knowledge, pp. 85-88).
     Based on current research, the author claims that "by 1993 four-fifth
of America's white-collar workers will use computers linked to local-area
networks.  The flow of data over these networks, ..., is growing by about a
third each year, and may soon grow faster....
     Larger networks are born when these lesser networks fuse....  Young
networks tend to grow exponentially.  With the addition of each new
local-area network, the benefits of joining rise because the network
provides more people to talk to.  At the same time, the costs of joining
fall.  Newcomers are more likely to find a nearby part of the network to
connect themselves to....
     When computers talk together on a network at the same speed as the
component parts of a single computer talk to each other, the computers
start to merge... (and) find, in effect, that they share in the power of
all those to which they are linked."

     There follow several fascinating descriptions of the cutting-edge
present and near future capabilities of networking.  The article concludes:
"It may take time, but one day the computers of the world will unite."


                                        - 3 -


     This issue's feature article discusses the development of several
infrastructure networks in the U.S., offers valuable insights of their
current and potential uses and argues in favor of speedy development of
networks in the "newly industrialized countries" in Asia and, by
implication, elsewhere.  An infrastructure network is defined as
"distinguished from any ordinary communications facility because it is both
pervasive and comprehensive to promote group participation!  An
infrastructure network provides the foundation upon which value added
(beyond merely transport and switching) information services can be
exploited for competitive advantage or for service improvements."  In their
concluding remarks the authors, Thomas I. M. Ho and Kai Sung, write: "We
recommended the development of infrastructure networks including national
and local networks as well as gateways (to other national networks) and
other network resources, e.g., data bases.  The involvement of all
constituencies, government and education as well as the private sector,
will encourage experiments with information technology in organizing work
and in management practices that incorporate social values."
     Dr. Thomas I. M. Ho is Director of the Information Networking
Institute at Carnegie Mellon University.  Previously, he was a Professor of
Computer Technology at Purdue University.  From 1978 to 1988, he was also
Head of the Department of Computer Technology at Purdue which has been
recognized by the Data Processing Management Association for its Four-year
Institution Award for undergraduate computer information systems programs.
From 1986-1988, he was on loan from Purdue to serve as Executive Director
of the INTELENET Commission which oversees INTELENET, INdiana
TELEcommunications NETwork.  He received his BS, MS, and Ph.D. degrees in
computer science from Purdue University.  Dr. Ho is a member of GLOSAS.
     Unfortunately, your editor has no biographical information for Dr. Kai
Sung.

     The article is republished with the kind permission of Pacific
Telesis.

**********************************************************************
3.   Current News and Work in Progress:
**********************************************************************

     Due to our lengthy feature article, other rubrics including this one
are either shorter than usual or have been left out.  Two items bear
mentioning in this section:
     1.   Organization of the Global Lecture Hall (TM) in the context of
the ICEM conference in Orlando, Florida, October 12-13, 1992 (cf.
GN/GE/II:1 for details) is proceeding without major problems.  Potential
participants are reminded to send their registration forms as soon as
possible.
     2.   Negotiations are under way for another GLH, this time during the
Teleteaching '93 conference in Norway.  If all goes well, GLOSAS would
assist with a demonstration of new digital technology for video
transmission via satellite.  The new technology would reduce costs of
transmission by an order of magnitude.  Please stand by for further
developments.


                                        - 4 -


**********************************************************************
4.   Feature Article:  "A Critique of American Infrastructure Network
     Projects to Guide Efforts to Support Social Values Through Networking"
     - by Dr. Thomas I. M. Ho,  Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh,
     Pennsylvania, USA and Dr. Kai Sung, National Central University,
     Chung-Li, TAIWAN, Republic of China
**********************************************************************

ABSTRACT

     During the last several years, the American telecommunications
landscape has blossomed with comprehensive computing and/or communications
infrastructures created as a result of the partnership between the public,
i.e., government, and private, i.e., business, sectors.  This paper will
highlight social implications as a follow-up to the authors' previous work.
As a result, it is expected that others, namely other state and provincial
governments as well as other countries, can learn from these experiences so
that their benefits can be replicated at lower financial and political cost
and in more timely fashion.

INTRODUCTION

     There is little doubt that increased attention to interpersonal
relationships, increased communication, and increased use of consensus
decision making are current trends in business.  Evolving trends in
organizational structure have ramifications for communication.
     As the role of communication expands, the role of information
technology in promoting communication is fostering experimentation in
organizing work and in management practices (Butera & Bartezzaghi, 1983;
Short, Williams, and Christie, 1976).  As an example of a new way of
organizing work, telecommuting no longer requires people to go to an office
to go to work (Cross & Raizman, 1986).

INFRASTRUCTURE NETWORKS

     An infrastructure network is a telecommunications network that
provides basic communication services on which public, e.g., government, or
private, e.g., corporate organizations depend for their survival.  Mears
(1974) defines a communication network as "the interaction required by a
group to accomplish a task."  Mears (1974, p. 71) states:
     An organization's effectiveness depends upon the performance of
     numerous small groups which function and interact within the overall
     organizational system.  Since the activity of a small group depends to
     a great extent upon its information flow, the communications act has
     been studied as a means of influencing efficiency.

     An infrastructure network is distinguished from any ordinary
communications facility because it is both pervasive and comprehensive to
promote group participation!  An infrastructure network provides the
foundation upon which value added (beyond merely transport and switching)
information services can be exploited for competitive advantage or for
service improvements.  For example, telecommuting requires considerable
value added services such as office automation to support calendaring and
other functions necessary to support a mobile work force.  Electronic mail
is another value added service that requires an infrastructure network to


                                        - 5 -


provide connectivity and accessibility across the twin barriers of time and
distance (Rice & Case, 1983).
     Case studies have demonstrated that most benefits derived from
information technology improve intragroup communications (Strassman, 1985,
p. 43).  However, a critical mass of connected work stations must be
achieved to enable a group to try new ways of organizing work!  It is
necessary to construct networks of considerable scale in order to achieve
major improvements in office communications.
     An infrastructure network consolidates the communications requirements
of virtually all of the organization to achieve economies of scale (Ho,
1987).  An infrastructure network complements the public telecommunications
network by providing a more robust and complete infrastructure in either
the public (Ho, 1987) or private (Estrin, 1987) arena.  As Kling and
Scacchi (1982) point out, good infrastructural resources are essential for
the smooth deployment and routine operation of any information technology.
     The pervasiveness and comprehensiveness of infrastructure networks
enable powerful communication services.  For example:
     1)   Video communication is especially effective in motivating
employees and in communicating social and organizational values.  The
contribution of videoconferencing to horizontal and diagonal communication
that enable nonhierarchical links has been documented by Dutton, Fulk, and
Steinfield (1982).  Furthermore, a variety of consensus-building activities
that involve group decision-making were also reported.  Video communication
consumes large amounts of communication capacity that require the
robustness of infrastructure networks.
     2)   Gateways to other networks promote communication with other
organizations so that one can gain access to other resources such as
education provided by trade groups or third-party vendors. The influence of
gateways on communication patterns of people and organizations has been
discussed by Estrin (1987).  Gateways are expensive to develop and to
maintain so that they are most easily justified when they are shared by
many users that are supported by an infrastructure network.
     3)   Value-added services include the variety of office automation
tools such as electronic mail that will improve communications.
     More powerful tools such as computerized conferencing (Hiltz & Turoff,
1978) that support group decision-making require even more communication
capacity.  Gordon Thompson (1972) has identified three criteria that
characterize the communications revolution made possible by infrastructure
networks:
     1.   It will ease the access to stored human experience.
     2.   It will increase the size of the common communication space
     shared by the communicants, and therefore increase the amount of
     shared information and interaction among them.
     3.   It will increase the ease with which new ideas can be developed
     and spread throughout a society.

     Hiltz and Turoff (1978, pp. 469-472) have claimed that computerized
conferencing ranks highest according to these criteria when compared
against less robust communications alternatives, e.g., books, telephone,
face-to-face, and TV.


                                        - 6 -


BACKGROUND

INTELENET

     INTELENET (INdiana TELEcommunications NETwork) is an initiative of
Indiana state government.  INTELENET (Ho, 1987) merely provides
transmission and switching services for Indiana government and education.
INTELENET is an infrastructure network on which all other value-added
networks would depend for basic transmission and switching services.  As
such an infrastructure, INTELENET is similar to the public switched network
provided by common carriers.  With respect to regulatory/policy issues and
finance and economics, it differs from the public switched network.
INTELENET is owned by GTE Telecom, an unregulated subsidiary of GTE, and
leased by the INTELENET Commission, a body corporate and politic, created
by Indiana state statute.  The INTELENET Commission resells transmission
and switching services to Indiana government and education as defined by
the INTELENET statute.

NYSERNet

     NYSERNet (New York State Education and Research Network) is the
NSFNET's regional mid-level network serving New York education and
business.  NSFNET (Quarterman, 1991a & 1991b) is the main backbone network
in the Internet.  The Internet is the successor to the former ARPANET
serving the U.S. Government's Defense Research Projects Agency.

     The array of networks now consists of three tiers (Mandelbaum &
Mandelbaum, 1991):
     1.   A national backbone network that connects supercomputer centers
and the various regional wide area networks,
     2.   Regional and supercomputer-consortia networks, e.g., NYSERNet,
BARRNet (San Francisco Bay Area Regional Research Network), and SURANet
(Southern Universities Research Association Network),
     3.   Campus networks, i.e., internal local area networks serving a
single academic or industrial campus.
     The first two tiers constitute NSFNET.  NSFNET is not a network; it is
an inter-network, i.e., a network of networks.

K-12 NETWORKING

     The phenomenon of providing Internet access to the K-12 (kindergarten
through 12th grade) community provides exciting examples of infrastructure
networks.  The EDUCOM K-12 Networking Project (Clement, 1991) aims to link
together primary and secondary education through computer mediated
communication networks.  In this way, the project will develop
network-using resources to support curriculum reform and institutional
restructuring.
     The Consortium for School Networking represents a national effort to
establish the "K-12 network" in the United States.  Related efforts in
Japan include the Association of Global Electronic Networking Educators.
     An example of a local initiative in K-12 networking is "Common
Knowledge: Pittsburgh" to provide Internet access to all teachers and
students in the Pittsburgh public schools and to begin to integrate this
new technological resource into the existing school curriculum.


                                        - 7 -


     The history of this initiative goes back more than two years when
Professor Robert (Bob) Carlitz of the University of Pittsburgh's Department
of Physics and Astronomy began to investigate the possibility of extending
Internet access to the K-12 community.  In connection with this
exploration, Bob created an Internet mailing list called KIDSNET that now
reaches around the world.
     As teachers in Pittsburgh have gained access to the Internet (mostly
through the University of Pittsburgh), they have discovered resources such
as the NASA Spacelink or the Cleveland Freenet or have established
international exchanges with other classrooms worldwide.  As we have worked
to develop a project which can reach all teachers and students in the
Pittsburgh public schools, we have made an effort to structure the project
so as to maximize its potential classroom benefits.  We are attempting to
build a support network that has the breadth to reach all teachers and the
depth to accommodate people at all stages of familiarity with this new
technology.
     Curriculum support will come from the existing mechanisms for
developing and implementing the school district's curriculum.  Among the
projects that are currently being discussed are the following:
     1.   Industry tutors for students developing science projects.
     2.   International exchanges with schools in Asia and Europe.
     3.   Identification and cataloguing of regional habitats including
     urban neighbourhoods and city/state parks.
     4.   An interactive library card catalogue.
     5.   Development of writing skills through exchanges of letters.
     Many of these activities are already taking place.  All have the
characteristic that they may be easily extended to involve children,
teachers, and professionals outside of a given school - and even outside of
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, or the United States.  This extensibility is the
greatest strength that the Internet has to offer.
     There is another aspect of the Internet that is significant.  Already,
the Internet reaches all of the research universities in the United States,
Europe, and Japan as well as hundreds of companies.  As this connectivity
increases, one will be able to tap some of the resources latent in these
organizations.  More people will become active in the schools by dropping
in electronically for a little while every day.  In a similar fashion,
students will leave the confines of the classroom and make electronic
visits to museums, libraries, businesses, and governments around the world.
     There will be many concrete benefits that one can expect from such a
network.  In terms of educational issues, the following problems can be
attacked:
     1.   Isolation:  The current isolation of the classroom teacher would
be largely reduced by such a network.  Teachers could easily communicate
with their peers, their supervisors, and experts in their fields of
specialization.
     2.   Access to information:  This need is most obvious in the sciences
where entire disciplines are redefined in a decade or less.  Nevertheless,
it is relevant to all fields and to the general intellectual vitality of
the teaching environment.
     3.   Equity:  Network resources are shared resources.  A network which
reaches all schools carries all information that is made available on the
network to all of these schools.
     The Consortium for School Networking seeks to spread this phenomenon
throughout the entire United States.  Those states which choose to
encourage the development of this activity will have the opportunity to


                                        - 8 -


establish themselves as leaders in this field.  It is a field which knows
no national boundaries so leadership in this field means leadership in a
major international activity.
     For this reason, the project seeks to build a sphere of "Common
Knowledge."  This phrase refers to both the idea of a shared body of
information such as we would want our schools to teach our children.  And
it refers to the idea that we would want all people to share this
information - that it should be common knowledge for everyone.

INFORMATION SERVICES INITIATIVES

     The removal of the information services ban on the Bell regional
holding companies puts the spotlight on initiatives related to information
services.  Among these initiatives, Hawaii INC (Hawaii Information Network
Corporation) encourages the creation of information providers.  A "grass
roots" effort to promote economic development and to improve quality of
life through telecommunications and information technology is POINT 21
(Pittsburgh's Opportunity In New Telecommunications for the 21st century)
that has conceived a Regional Information District to serve southwestern
Pennsylvania.
     The Regional Information District would provide a mechanism for
businesses, schools, nonprofit groups, and governmental agencies to share
information resources.  The Regional Information District would benefit all
participants.  Specific instances would include the following:
     *    New information resources for the schools
     *    Improved workforce for businesses
     *    Efficient information delivery for governments
     *    Good environment for information-related businesses
     *    Model schools for the information age
     Full implementation of the Regional Information District would involve
network connections for all government agencies, businesses, nonprofit
organizations, and schools in the region.  Development of such an extensive
network would take several years - perhaps until the end of the decade.  In
the near term, one could build upon existing networks and provide
incentives for the extension and interconnection of these networks.
     For example, take university networks and the Internet as a working
model.  Connect model school districts to the Internet and begin to develop
educational materials through model projects.  Allow businesses to connect
to the Internet at low educational rates if these businesses agree to
provide either mentors or some educational materials through their network
connections.

     Develop model projects involving nonprofit groups, e.g., libraries and
museums.  Fund these projects through grants developed in connection with
the model school districts.  Develop an agency, i.e., Regional Information
District, to facilitate the networking of nonprofit groups. Nonprofits
could contract with this agency for network services and advice.  Funds
raised through this mechanism could sustain the operation of the agency.
Another agency could be established to guide the development of educational
materials for the model school districts.  This agency could be funded
through grants which support the local model school districts and through
paid services provided to other school districts around the country.  The
America 2000 program provides a mechanism of this sort which could be
exploited to help fund this agency.


                                        - 9 -


     In this way, the community would gain first-hand experience in the
delivery of information services as well as in the development of
computer-based educational materials, two emerging industrial sectors.

OPPORTUNITIES FOR NEWLY-INDUSTRIALIZED NATIONS IN ASIA

     In an earlier paper, we (Ho & Sung, 1990) claimed that infrastructure
networks represent a vital opportunity for newly-industrialized nations in
Asia.  In these nations, through effective communication, social values
related to the "group" will produce a better payoff.  This payoff would
result from the momentum and partnership experience generated by recent
economic success.  Also, the relatively smaller size of these nations would
enable easier networking.  Finally, as demonstrated by their success and as
a result of their smaller scale, the ability of these nations to focus on
what needs to be done will insure the wise investment of funds earned from
economic success in projects that will guarantee future success.
     We recommended the development of infrastructure networks including
national and local networks as well as gateways (to other national
networks) and other network resources, e.g., data bases.  The involvement
of all constituencies, government and education as well as the private
sector, will encourage experiments with information technology in
organizing work and in management practices that incorporate social values.
     Asian political-administrative traditions have stressed the
desirability of harmony and consensus.  A concern for consensus and values
related to the group will result in a higher payoff through communication.
Furthermore, the momentum and partnership experience achieved through
recent economic success can be sustained through communication.
     Just as the existence of comprehensive and pervasive infrastructure
networks will encourage experiments with communications technology in
organizing work and in management practices, these networks will encourage
experiments in economic development and quality of life, e.g., educational
reform.
     Experiments in organizing work will change the concept of work.  The
impact of information technology on the social fabric of group life is
discussed by Kling (1984).  The way in which work is becoming organized
requires a new set of skills (Bernstein, 1988).  As companies change from
old models of assembly-line production to Japanese-style work teams,
employees will have to improve their ability to communicate.
     One of the characteristics of a productive organization is that the
way individuals are linked together is of greater importance than what any
individual does in isolation (Strassman, 1985, p. 23).  Electronic mail
encourages collaboration.  For example, this paper was produced by
communicating via Bitnet, the worldwide academic network (Fuchs, 1983),
between the United States and Taiwan.  Communicating across time zones and
between remote locations creates new organizational opportunities for
accomplishing work on a decentralized basis (Strassman, 1985, p. 44).

EXPERIMENTS IN MANAGEMENT PRACTICES THAT INCORPORATE SOCIAL VALUES

     Communications technology can enable the distribution of knowledge
throughout an organization.  This distribution can then manifest itself in
terms of changes in organizational relationships since knowledge no longer
remains exclusive among only a few individuals.  The result is a more
effective organization.


                                        - 10 -


     Replicating scarce knowledge can profoundly affect organizational
structure and corporate culture.  When scarce knowledge is more widely
available, personnel at lower levels of the organization, rather than
merely senior management, may more aggressively participate in
decision-making.

SUMMARY

     Networks are indeed capable of creating opportunities for experiments
in organizing work and in management practices.  These experiments can
change the concept of work in ways that incorporate social values that
emphasize teamwork.  Teamwork is among the social values that have
contributed significantly to the economic success of Asia's
newly-industrialized nations.  For these nations, infrastructure networks
that are both pervasive and comprehensive in order to maximize group
participation represent a genuine opportunity to capitalize on this
situation.  Furthermore, these networks can encourage experiments in
economic development and quality of life.

REFERENCES

Bernstein, Aaron (1988, September 19).  Where the jobs are is where the
     skills aren't.  Business Week, pp. 104-108.
Butera, Federico and Bartezzaghi, Emilio (1983).  Creating the right
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Carlitz, Robert D. (1991)  Common Knowledge:  Pittsburgh.
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Clement, John (1991).  The EDUCOM K-12 Networking Project.  Matrix
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Cross, Thomas B. and Raizman, Marjorie (1986).  Telecommuting: The
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Dutton, William H.; Fulk, Janet; and Steinfield, Charles (1982).
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Kling, Rob (1984).  Assimilating social values in computer-based
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                                        - 11 -


Kling, Rob and Scacchi, W. (1982).  The web of computing: computer
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Short, John; Williams, Ederyn; and Christie, Bruce (1976).  The Social
     Psychology of Telecommunications.  London: John Wiley.
Strassman, Paul A. (1985).  Information Payoff: the Transformation of
     Work in the Electronic Age.  New York: The Free Press.


EDUCOM can be contacted at:

     1112 Sixteenth Street, N.W.
     Suite 600
     Washington, DC 20036
     USA
     Phone:  +1 202 872 4200
     Fax:    +1 202 872 4318
     Bitnet:  jrc@bitnic
     Internet:  clement@educom.edu
     AppleLink:  educom

The Association of Global Electronic Networking Educators can be contacted
at:

     Masahiko Nakauye
     Associate Professor
     Faculty of Letters
     Mukogawa Women's University
     6-46 Ikebiraki-cho
     Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663 JAPAN
     Phone:  +81 798 47 1212
     Fax:    +81 798 41 9400
     CompuServe:  74070,305

(Ed. note: Dr. Ho can be contacted at <th1r@andrew.cmu.edu>)


                                        - 12 -


**********************************************************************
6.   About GLOSAS
**********************************************************************

      Invitation to Membership in and Financial Contribution to GLOSAS

     GLOSAS is a publicly supported, non-profit, educational service
organization.  All contributions and membership fees are tax deductible.
Reduction of membership fees for those who contribute "in-kind" services is
available.
     GLOSAS seeks to improve quality and availability of international
educational exchange through the use of computer, telecommunication and
information technologies.  Among other projects, GLOSAS aims to create a
Global (electronic) University (GU) to meet the challenges of global
issues.  GLOSAS also facilitates efforts of business corporations,
universities, and other interest groups to exchange education and training
courses across national boundaries.
     Over the past dozen years, GLOSAS played a major role in making
possible the extension of U.S. data communication networks to other
countries, particularly to Japan.  GLOSAS/USA has also conducted "Global
Lecture Hall" (TM) demonstrations relying on the use of inexpensive methods
accessible to the disadvantaged countries.  These demonstrations have
helped GLOSAS discover and compensate for the technical, regulatory,
economic and marketing impediments to the creation of a Global (electronic)
University.  Considerable interest in these Global Lecture Halls has been
expressed from various organizations around the Pacific Rim, Latin America,
and Europe and associates are working on the establishment of Global
Pacific University (GPU), Global Latin American University (GLAU) and
Global European University (GEU).
     Members of GLOSAS enjoy privileged access to:
  *  information (two electronic conferences, electronic newsletter);
  *  consultative services (e.g., results of demonstrations, information on
     the latest technological possibilities, assistance for in-company
     training of overseas employees, organization of "Global Lecture Hall"
     from continent to continent);
  *  technology (e.g., arrangements for the use of telecommunications
     equipment in Japan for demonstrations and regular joint
     courses/training between American and Japanese (later other Pacific)
     sister schools and joint use of leased telecommunicationlines/
     transponders in the future).




                                        - 13 -


                 Application Form for GLOSAS/USA Membership
                                   and/or
                           Contribution Statement
                               to help create
              A GLOBAL (electronic) UNIVERSITY (GU) CONSORTIUM


YES, ___________________________________ wishes to become a member or to
make a donation in support of the work of GLOSAS/USA, in one of the
following categories:

[    ]    Full membership:

          (    )    Educational Institutions     $2,500.
          (    )    Educational Professionals      $100.
          (    )    Private Individuals             $50.
          (    )    Senior Citizens                 $30.
          (    )    Students                        $25.

Members from overseas industrialized countries, particularly Japan, please
add 50% to the fees (educational institutions, add 25%; individuals and
others, 10%) in view of the costs of mail.  If this creates a problem,
please write to us.  Rates are quoted in U.S. dollars and are subject to
change without prior notice.

[    ]    Contributors:

          (    )    Benefactors              [$10,000 or more]
          (    )    Patrons                  [$5,000 to $9,999]
          (    )    Donors                   [$1,000 to $4,999]
          (    )    Sponsors                 [$500 to $999]
          (    )    Supporters               [$100 to $499]
          (    )    Colleagues               [$50 to $99]
          (    )    Friends                  [up to $49]

[    ]    Please send me information about EIES Group Membership.

[    ]    Please send me more information about various activities of
          GLOSAS/USA, GU, "Global Peace Gaming" document, etc. (with
          minimum payment of $50.00).


          Enclosed is my (our) check made payable to "GLOSAS/USA."
          Total enclosed:  $ ________________

[    ]    Please bill me (us) using the Purchase Order Number: __________

[    ]    A matching gift is available from my employer.

[    ]    Please enroll me as a new member and remind me each year.

[    ]    Please renew my membership.




                                        - 14 -



_________________________________________________________________
Name and Title:

_________________________________________________________________
Organization:

_________________________________________________________________
Street Address:

_________________________________________________________________
P. O. Box:

_________________________________________________________________
City/State or Province/Zip or Postal Code:

_________________________________________________________________
Country:

_________________________________________________________________
Telephone number:

_________________________________________________________________
Email:

_________________________________________________________________
Telex:

_________________________________________________________________
Facsimile:

Please add your questions, ideas and comments below and mail the completed
form to: GLOSAS/USA, 43-23 Colden Street, Flushing, NY 11355-3998, U.S.A.


















**************************************************************************
                   End of GN, Vol. II, No. 3 (July, 1992)
**************************************************************************
 **********************************************************************
 * Takeshi Utsumi, Ph.D.                                              *
 * President, Global University in the U.S.A. (GU/USA)                *
 * A Divisional Activity of GLOSAS/USA                                *
 * (GLObal Systems Analysis and Simulation Association in the U.S.A.) *
 * 43-23 Colden Street, Flushing, NY 11355-3998, U.S.A.               *
 * Phone: 718-939-0928; EIES: 492 or TAK;                             *
 * SprintMail: TUTSUMI/GU.USA/ASSOCIATES.TNET                         *
 * INTERNET: utsumi@cunixf.cc.columbia.edu                            *
 **********************************************************************
Comments: Gated by NETNEWS@AUVM.AMERICAN.EDU