HDTenEightyP/NetNews huggingface dataset:
From: thomaso@centerline.com (Thomas Andrews)
Newsgroups: alt.news-media,alt.politics.bush,alt.politics.clinton
Subject: Re: Media Bias? YOU Decide. Resumes Tell All
Date: 9 Nov 1992 15:58:35 GMT
Organization: CenterLine Software, Inc.
NNTP-Posting-Host: 140.239.2.21

In article <1992Nov7.185721.1@acad.drake.edu> vsg001@acad.drake.edu writes:
>
>By this, are you asserting that an extremist group of ideas are threatening to
>the Constitution? To assume the ACLU (read liberal) point of view, doesn't the
>Constitution explictly PROTECT these "radical" groups and ideas? Wouldn't the
>Constitution seem to embrace these groups as well, regardless of what effect
>they may have on the Constitution, since it exists so that these groups may be
>preserved?
>Now, hold on before I am branded as a religious right fool, I must state that I
>too reject the extreme right, but on the other hand, I reject ALL extreme
>views. I only find a flaw in the logic that a liberal, who would supposedly
>embrace all views  (only Conservatives are close minded) would claim that an
>extreme group would harm the Constitution, since, it is to the liberal
>philosophy that the Constitution accepts all views.

This is bizarre logic.  Maybe I'm misunderstanding it.

	1) The Constitution grants people the right to express
	their opinions.

	2) Therefore no opinion can be a threat to the
	Constitution.

So if I start a party calling for the burning of all copies of the
US Constitution and the declaration of a monarchy, and my party
gained a large following, it would be inaccurate to call my opinions
a threat to the Constitution?

This is somewhat of a logical leap for me.

The Constitution does not "accept" or "embrace" all views.  It simply
insists that there is no legal method to suppress them with government
intervention.

The Constitution is an "inert" object; the freedoms it specifies can only
be defended if *we* defend them.  As such, when we see a threat to those
freedoms, we should call it a threat, and react accordingly, not by
suppressing a point of view, but by discussing what that point of view
would mean to society.
--
Thomas Andrews
CenterLine Software
From: alford@alc.com (Mack Alford)
Newsgroups: alt.news-media
Subject: Re: Clinton's Hollow Promises
Date: 10 Nov 92 23:15:27 GMT
Organization: Ascent Logic Corporation

In article <1992Nov2.122756.134@hsh.com> paul@hsh.com writes:
>Since the networks won't do their "Truth Brigade" on Clinton's ads, let us 
>examine some of the facts they won't tell you.
>
>
> Paul Havemann, VP          HSH Associates            (201) 838-3330 
>
Rush Limbaugh says that his next newsletter will contain a list of ALL Clinton
Promises (with when and where made) so that we can together mark off when each
promise was either made or broken.  His favorite was the promise to a Jewish
meeting in New York that he would keep a "kosher kitchen" in the white house.  
I'm subscribing just to get that.  

Mack Alford
alford@alc.com
Newsgroups: alt.news-media,alt.politics.bush,alt.politics.clinton
From: vsg001@acad.drake.edu
Subject: Re: Media Bias? YOU Decide. Resumes Tell All
Organization: Drake University, Des Moines, Iowa, USA
Date: Sun, 8 Nov 1992 00:57:21 GMT

> In article <14599.2afb51c7@ohstpy.mps.ohio-state.edu>, vancleef@ohstpy.mps.ohio-state.edu writes...
>>However, I find the Religious Right movement as a threat to our Constitution,,

By this, are you asserting that an extremist group of ideas are threatening to
the Constitution? To assume the ACLU (read liberal) point of view, doesn't the
Constitution explictly PROTECT these "radical" groups and ideas? Wouldn't the
Constitution seem to embrace these groups as well, regardless of what effect
they may have on the Constitution, since it exists so that these groups may be
preserved?
Now, hold on before I am branded as a religious right fool, I must state that I
too reject the extreme right, but on the other hand, I reject ALL extreme
views. I only find a flaw in the logic that a liberal, who would supposedly
embrace all views  (only Conservatives are close minded) would claim that an
extreme group would harm the Constitution, since, it is to the liberal
philosophy that the Constitution accepts all views.
Disclaimers. Disclaimers.
---------
Do you hear the people sing?
 Singing the song of Angry men?
It is the Music of a people who will not be slaves again!
----------
		Possible Republican Creed.
		Vince Goddard
Newsgroups: alt.news-media
From: jfcowan@cats.ucsc.edu (John F Cowan)
Newsgroups: alt.news-media
Subject: Re: Paul Havemann: Media serves power!
Date: 12 Nov 1992 08:09:19 GMT
Organization: University of California, Santa Cruz
Distribution: usa
NNTP-Posting-Host: am.ucsc.edu
Summary: The media serves power, regardless whether it is Liberal or Conservativ
Keywords: media


Paul Havemann kicked off a spitting contest over the revolving door
between the media and government.  In their rush to demonstrate left
or right bias, the writers all missed the point.  That is, the media serve
whoever holds power at the moment.  On one level, it doesn't matter
whether some media bigwig served the Reagan or Carter administration.

What does it mean in term of an independent media when hundreds of media folk
of all political pursuasions shuttle back and forth between the newsroom
and the government office?

John Cowan



Xref: sparky alt.news-media:1624 alt.politics.bush:13903 alt.politics.clinton:17214
From: zorro@picasso.ocis.temple.edu (John Grabowski)
Newsgroups: alt.news-media,alt.politics.bush,alt.politics.clinton
Subject: Re: Media Bias? YOU Decide. Resumes Tell All
Date: 15 Nov 92 22:39:35 GMT
Organization: Temple University
X-Newsreader: Tin 1.1 PL5

If the media is biased to the left, why is that so?  What does it gain 
by being biased?  

John 
zorro@picasso.ocis.temple.edu
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Xref: sparky alt.news-media:1596 alt.politics.bush:13472 alt.politics.clinton:16335
From: vancleef@ohstpy.mps.ohio-state.edu
Newsgroups: alt.news-media,alt.politics.bush,alt.politics.clinton
Subject: Re: Media Bias? YOU Decide. Resumes Tell All
Date: 7 Nov 92 05:19:03 EST

In article <1992Nov6.183605.197@hsh.com>, paul@hsh.com writes:
> In article <4NOV199222152209@ctrvx1.vanderbilt.edu>, mitcheec@ctrvx1.vanderbilt.edu (Elliott Mitchell) writes:
>> 
>> The folks who scream "media bias" the loudest are often, in my opinion, the 
>> most biased themselves.  They seem to have lost (if they ever had any) all 
>> objectivity and are unwilling or unable to judge news reports fairly, 
>> without continually bouncing them off their own predispositions.
> 
> That's a mighty tenuous charge to make of people you know little about; you 
> sure you're not invoking some kind of stereotype here? :-)
> 
> It's equally likely that the folks who insist that all of the news is 
> completely objective, all the time, are simply seeing their own biases
> displayed in the guise of news -- or, as you put it, such folks are equally
> guilty of "bouncing it off their own predispositions" -- would you admit?
> <g>
> 
>> The latest trend among these illiterati seems to be to hold 'journalism' as 
>> exhibited by the '700 Club News' or is is 'CBN News' (I forget) as an 
>> example of either unbiased reporting or reportage that wears its bias on 
>> its sleeve.  
> 
> Mind those stereotypes, now!  Not every Republican is a (what's the phrase 
> NBC used at the Republican convention?) "religious hard-liner," any more 
> than every Democrat is a socialist.  Nicht wahr?
> 
> ------
> 
>  Paul Havemann, VP          HSH Associates            (201) 838-3330 
>  Internet: paul@hsh.com     Compuserve: 70410,3507    AOL: HSH Assoc
>  "Any opinions expressed are not necessarily those of the company."

I myself am not fighting against the > moderate < Republicans. I have
no prolem with them at all. I like to think of myself as a moderate
Democrat. In the USA we need political diversity. It is essential.

However, I find the Religious Right movement as a threat to our Constitution,,
and the fact that they have latched onto the Republicans is unfortunate
in the least. If the Republicans don't rid themselves of this parasite
real soon it will destroy the Republican party and reinforce United We
Stand. Rich Bond is ultimately responsible for this political mess.

Unfortunately soon-to-be-President Clinton will have to sort out the mess.

Godspeed.

-Garrett



Newsgroups: alt.news-media,alt.politics.bush,alt.politics.clinton
From: mitcheec@ctrvx1.vanderbilt.edu (Elliott Mitchell)
Subject: Re: Media Bias? YOU Decide. Resumes Tell All
News-Software: VAX/VMS VNEWS 1.41    
Organization: Vanderbilt University
Date: Sat, 7 Nov 1992 19:15:00 GMT

In article <14599.2afb51c7@ohstpy.mps.ohio-state.edu>, vancleef@ohstpy.mps.ohio-state.edu writes...
>However, I find the Religious Right movement as a threat to our Constitution,,
>and the fact that they have latched onto the Republicans is unfortunate
>in the least. If the Republicans don't rid themselves of this parasite
>real soon it will destroy the Republican party and reinforce United We
>Stand. Rich Bond is ultimately responsible for this political mess.

amen, brother

+ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 
| Elliott Mitchell
|  Peabody College at Vanderbilt University
|  Nashville, Tenn. Home of the Grand Ole Opry
|  IN: mitcheec@ctrvax.vanderbilt.edu | BN: MITCHEEC@VUCTRVAX
Xref: sparky alt.news-media:1595 alt.politics.bush:13429 alt.politics.clinton:16254
From: paul@hsh.com
Newsgroups: alt.news-media,alt.politics.bush,alt.politics.clinton
Subject: Re: Media Bias? YOU Decide. Resumes Tell All
Date: 6 Nov 92 22:36:05 GMT
Organization: HSH Associates

In article <4NOV199222152209@ctrvx1.vanderbilt.edu>, mitcheec@ctrvx1.vanderbilt.edu (Elliott Mitchell) writes:
> 
> The folks who scream "media bias" the loudest are often, in my opinion, the 
> most biased themselves.  They seem to have lost (if they ever had any) all 
> objectivity and are unwilling or unable to judge news reports fairly, 
> without continually bouncing them off their own predispositions.

That's a mighty tenuous charge to make of people you know little about; you 
sure you're not invoking some kind of stereotype here? :-)

It's equally likely that the folks who insist that all of the news is 
completely objective, all the time, are simply seeing their own biases
displayed in the guise of news -- or, as you put it, such folks are equally
guilty of "bouncing it off their own predispositions" -- would you admit?
<g>

> The latest trend among these illiterati seems to be to hold 'journalism' as 
> exhibited by the '700 Club News' or is is 'CBN News' (I forget) as an 
> example of either unbiased reporting or reportage that wears its bias on 
> its sleeve.  

Mind those stereotypes, now!  Not every Republican is a (what's the phrase 
NBC used at the Republican convention?) "religious hard-liner," any more 
than every Democrat is a socialist.  Nicht wahr?

------

 Paul Havemann, VP          HSH Associates            (201) 838-3330 
 Internet: paul@hsh.com     Compuserve: 70410,3507    AOL: HSH Assoc
 "Any opinions expressed are not necessarily those of the company."
Newsgroups: alt.news-media
From: packer@amarna.gsfc.nasa.gov (Charles Packer)
Subject: Re: Media not liberal/conservative. Media *stupid*
News-Software: VAX/VMS VNEWS 1.4-b1  
Organization: Dept. of Independence
Date: Fri, 6 Nov 1992 11:55:00 GMT

In article <1992Nov6.080847.21020@magnus.acs.ohio-state.edu>, scasterg@magnus.acs.ohio-state.edu (Stuart M Castergine) writes...
>  People assume reporters on various beats have some qualifications to
>talk about the subject they are reporting on, and it is simply not
>true. Beats are handed out on the basis of seniority and politics and


The ability of reporters to write rapidly and often well probably
leads people to assume that they always =know= what they're writing
about. But a talent for writing doesn't necessarily imply a talent for
investigating.
From: chorley@vms.ocom.okstate.edu
Subject: Re: 5 U.S. Senators Are Space Aliens!
Followup-To: alt.news-media
Organization: OSU College of Osteopathic Medicine
Date: Sat, 7 Nov 1992 23:16:56 GMT

In article <1241@xlnt.COM>, david@xlnt.com (David Johnson) writes:
> So what?  As long as they meet the qualifications as defined in
> the US Constitution it is okay.  Maybe they do a better job
> than native born earthlings.  :)
> -- 
NOW IT CAN BE TOLD: THE TRUTH

This was all a nasty rumour spread by Alan Shepard who was miffed at not being
America's first man in space.
(Although, If NASA KNEW Glenn was an alien, then that could be the reason he
went first....

(Of conspiracy theories there is no end...)

David N. Chorley

Newsgroups: alt.news-media,alt.politics.bush,alt.politics.clinton
From: mitcheec@ctrvx1.vanderbilt.edu (Elliott Mitchell)
Subject: Re: Media Bias? YOU Decide. Resumes Tell All
News-Software: VAX/VMS VNEWS 1.41    
Organization: Vanderbilt University
Date: Thu, 5 Nov 1992 03:15:00 GMT

In article <1992Nov4.190437.2962@samba.oit.unc.edu>, 
Chuck.Lavazzi@launchpad.unc.edu (Chuck Lavazzi) writes...

>	Eh?  Are you saying that anyone employed in the media should have no
>political opinions?  Or that they should only have opinions that correspond
>with yours?

The folks who scream "media bias" the loudest are often, in my opinion, the 
most biased themselves.  They seem to have lost (if they ever had any) all 
objectivity and are unwilling or unable to judge news reports fairly, 
without continually bouncing them off their own predispositions.

The latest trend among these illiterati seems to be to hold 'journalism' as 
exhibited by the '700 Club News' or is is 'CBN News' (I forget) as an 
example of either unbiased reporting or reportage that wears its bias on 
its sleeve.  And from there it's a simple matter for them to point to the 
traditional mass media and say "it's OK for them to be as biased as they 
are, if they would just admit it."  It's all hogwash, of course.  The 
illiterati probably never set foot inside a J-School, have no idea what 
professional ethics are or how they are applied.  But then if they did it 
might be more difficult for them and their self-appointed leaders to 
squeeze the pennies, nickels and dimes out of the flock to support their 
coalitions.

+ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 
| Elliott Mitchell
|  Peabody College at Vanderbilt University
|  Nashville, Tenn. Home of the Grand Ole Opry
|  IN: mitcheec@ctrvax.vanderbilt.edu | BN: MITCHEEC@VUCTRVAX
Xref: sparky alt.news-media:1607 alt.politics.bush:13641 alt.politics.clinton:16654
From: johnch@smaug.West.Sun.COM (John Chandler)
Newsgroups: alt.news-media,alt.politics.bush,alt.politics.clinton
Subject: Re: Media Bias? YOU Decide. Resumes Tell All
Date: 10 Nov 92 02:13:49 GMT
Organization: Impossible Missions Force
NNTP-Posting-Host: pongo

In article <1dm1rbINNc5d@armory.centerline.com> thomaso@centerline.com (Thomas Andrews) writes:
>In article <1992Nov7.185721.1@acad.drake.edu> vsg001@acad.drake.edu writes:
>>
>>I
>>too reject the extreme right, but on the other hand, I reject ALL extreme
>>views.

NO ONE ON EARTH is more against extreme views than I am!!!!!  NO ONE!!!!!

>
>The Constitution does not "accept" or "embrace" all views.  It simply
>insists that there is no legal method to suppress them with government
>intervention.
>

Yeah.  What he said.  Idiots are allowed.  That doesn't mean they are an
asset to humanity.

>Thomas Andrews
>CenterLine Software

John C
From: dgillmor@msen.com (Dan Gillmor)
Newsgroups: alt.news-media
Subject: Re: Media not liberal/conservative. Media *stupid*
Date: 6 Nov 1992 18:35:26 GMT
Organization: Detroit Free Press
NNTP-Posting-Host: heifetz.msen.com
X-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.1 PL6]

If the quality of entry-level reporters is low, it's partly because small
newspapers pay such lousy wages.

--
Dan Gillmor                                      Internet: dgillmor@msen.com
Detroit Free Press                               CompuServe: 73240,334
321 W. Lafayette                                 Voice: 313-222-6659
Detroit, MI 48226                                Fax: 313-222-5981
Newsgroups: alt.fandom.misc
Subject: Visions '92: Need a Room?
From: john.ewin@pcb.batpad.lgb.ca.us (John Ewin) 
Date: 6 Nov 92 23:20:00 GMT
Reply-To: john.ewin@pcb.batpad.lgb.ca.us (John Ewin) 
Distribution: world
Organization: The Batchelor Pad PCBoard ~ Long Beach, CA ~ +1 310 494 8084

If anyone out there is attending Visions '92 in Chicago/O'Hare
11/27-11/29, I am looking for someone to share the cost of a room.

I will be there from 11/26 til' 11/30, and am looking for a non-smoking
male who doesn't come and go all hours of the night, as I am quiet, and
like my sleep.  (It's a mini-vacation, and I'm due back to work the next
day.)

Please contact me via EMail on Internet "john.ewin@pcb.batpad.lgb.us.ca",
GEnie "DOCTOR34", Delphi "THE34DOCTOR", CompuServe 76257,777, or use
routed pvt. mail on RIME to ->HOLISTIC in COMMON.

Rates are $59+12% tax per night, so you'd pay 1/2 that, if you're one
person.  (1/3 EACH if you have a friend wanting to share w/me.  Etc. for
more.)
---
 . SM 1.06 *0020 . Take my advice.....  I won't use it anyway.
Newsgroups: alt.fandom.cons
Subject: Visions '92: Need a Room?
From: john.ewin@pcb.batpad.lgb.ca.us (John Ewin) 
Date: 6 Nov 92 23:20:00 GMT
Reply-To: john.ewin@pcb.batpad.lgb.ca.us (John Ewin) 
Distribution: world
Organization: The Batchelor Pad PCBoard ~ Long Beach, CA ~ +1 310 494 8084

If anyone out there is attending Visions '92 in Chicago/O'Hare
11/27-11/29, I am looking for someone to share the cost of a room.

I will be there from 11/26 til' 11/30, and am looking for a non-smoking
male who doesn't come and go all hours of the night, as I am quiet, and
like my sleep.  (It's a mini-vacation, and I'm due back to work the next
day.)

Please contact me via EMail on Internet "john.ewin@pcb.batpad.lgb.us.ca",
GEnie "DOCTOR34", Delphi "THE34DOCTOR", CompuServe 76257,777, or use
routed pvt. mail on RIME to ->HOLISTIC in COMMON.

Rates are $59+12% tax per night, so you'd pay 1/2 that, if you're one
person.  (1/3 EACH if you have a friend wanting to share w/me.  Etc. for
more.)
---
 . SM 1.06 *0020 . A nickel ain't worth a dime anymore.
         
Newsgroups: alt.fandom.cons
From: duke@portal.paperboy.osf.org (Duke Robillard)
Subject: Re: New York City Con?
Organization: /u1/duke/.organization
Date: 10 Nov 92 09:55:56


In article <BxH91n.4yE@phage.cshl.org> boutell@isis.cshl.org (Tom Boutell) writes:
   I'm a relative newcomer to the New York area. Are there any major
   (or decent minor) cons in the New York City area? I had assumed there
   would be at least one, but have found no reference yet.

From cons.txt on elbereth.rutgers.edu:

March 19-21, 1993 (New York)

   LUNACON 36.  Rye Town Hilton, Rye Brook, NY.  GoH: Orson Scott Card;
   AGoH: Barclay Shaw; Pub. GoH: Richard Curtis; FGoH: Alexis Gilliland.
   Memb: $25 until 2/20/93, $35 after.  Info: Lunacon 36, Box 338, New
   York, NY 10150-0338.

This is the big NY Con.  It's about 1500 people.  Asimov used to
go regularly :-<  It's a good time.

There's another big one out on the Guyland:

April 16-18, 1993 (New York)

   I-CON XII.  SUNY, Stony Brook, Long Island, NY.  Guests: Gregory
   Benford, Edward Bryant, Craig Shaw Gardner.  Memb: $22 until 12/31/92.
   Info: I-Con, P.O. Box 550, Stony Brook, NY 11790.

And relatively nearby is:

November 13-15, 1992 (Pennsylvania)

   PHILCON '92.  Adam's Mark Hotel, City Avenue & Monument Road,
   Philadelphia PA; rms $98/$105/$112/$120. GoH: Greg Bear; AGoH: Boris
   Vallejo; Filk GoH: Tom Smith; SGoHs: Pamela Sargent, Ray Harryhausen.
   Memb: $30 (children under 6 free, 6-12 $15).  Info: Philcon '92, P.O.
   Box 8303, Philadelphia, PA 19101; (609)764-8294.

--
Duke Robillard, DoD #0130, duke@osf.org
Newsgroups: alt.fandom.cons
From: scarrobi@shearson.com (Steve Carrobis)
Subject: Re: New York City Con?
Reply-To: scarrobi@shearson.com
Organization: Lehman Brothers, Inc.
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 1992 15:45:10 GMT

In article 4yE@phage.cshl.org, boutell@isis.cshl.org (Tom Boutell) writes:
> I'm a relative newcomer to the New York area. Are there any major
> (or decent minor) cons in the New York City area? I had assumed there
> would be at least one, but have found no reference yet.
> 
> -T
> 
> -- 
> Tom Boutell, boutell@cshl.org
> 
> Clausthaler is the best non - alcoholic beer in the known universe.


Turkey Con.
(a.k.a.)Thanksgiving Creations Convention.

---
Steve C. 

 ==> A wise man once told me - There ARE NO Wise Men !
                             - Just fools who think they are.
---------------------------------------------------------------		
 I understand you need someone to do work.
 I don't do work, but, I know this guy who does.
    -Vladimir Taltos
---------------------------------------------------------------

   	


Newsgroups: alt.fandom.cons
From: boutell@isis.cshl.org (Tom Boutell)
Subject: New York City Con?
Organization: Cold Spring Harbor Labs
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 1992 01:48:59 GMT

I'm a relative newcomer to the New York area. Are there any major
(or decent minor) cons in the New York City area? I had assumed there
would be at least one, but have found no reference yet.

-T

-- 
Tom Boutell, boutell@cshl.org

Clausthaler is the best non - alcoholic beer in the known universe.
Newsgroups: alt.fandom.cons
From: dagoura@athena.mit.edu (V)
Subject: Looking for RPG Cons in N.E. USA
Keywords: RPGS, Northeast, USA
Organization: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Date: Sat, 14 Nov 1992 02:00:18 GMT

I noticed that the excellent list of conventions posted here most graciously by
Saul Jaffe did not list any game (role-playing or otherwise) conventions (at
least not the major ones I know about).  I was wondering if any kind souls out
there might be able to tell me about any gaming cons in my quarter of the US, or
would be able to point me to someone(s) who did.  I am specifically looking for
cons north D.C., south of Canada, and west of Ohio.  I would even be grateful for
pointers to cons that were not specifically for gaming, but had a lot of it
anyway (I am *not* looking for SILs/RTRSRPGs, though, thanks.)

Please drop me an email note, if possible - I can't be certain of being able
to get a posting here.

Thanks!

V
dagoura@athena.mit.edu

"And they shall beat their swords into plowshares, for a plowshare 
does a d12."		- life
Newsgroups: alt.fandom.cons,pdx.music
From: philo@orion.IntelliCorp.COM (Philip R. Obermarck)
Subject: Heather Alexander in Oregon!
Date: 12 Nov 92 23:41:29 GMT
Distribution: pdx
Reply-To: pobermarck@intellicorp.com
Organization: IntelliCorp Inc.


      H E A T H E R   A L E X A N D E R

         Celtic Folk and Faerie Tale


                Schedule for

               NOVEMBER 1992


       B A C K   T O   O R E G O N !   

  SATURDAY & SUNDAY         NOVEMBER  21-22
  ORYCON                      (503)283-0802
  Red Lion / Columbia River
  PORTLAND                           OREGON





For more information or to be put on this mailing list, contact:

-- 
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
  Philip R. Obermarck                 "I've been alive since time began,
  PObermarck@IntelliCorp.COM            Not beast, not god, and yet not man.
                                       I am the music and the dance,
  <IntelliCorp disavows any             I am the piper who enchants."
   knowledge of my actions>                           (Creature of the Wood)
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~