From: adrian@ntmtv.UUCP (Adrian Brandt)
Subject: US Autos on Welfare: Summary of Studies
Organization: Why does it matter?
Date: Thu, 20 Aug 1992 21:00:48 GMT


The information in this posting was supplied to me by:

John Holtzclaw
PhD Urban Sociologist * Engineering Physicist * Regional Planner
1508 Taylor St., San Francisco, CA 94133
(415) 928-8332, FAX (415) 776-0350


America's Autos On Welfare: A Summary of Studies
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

   Category description                 $/gallon        Annual US subsidy
                                        of gas          ($billion)

1. Police, fire, ambulance; road        L  0.52         KK       16
   construction & maintenance;                          MDC      89.2
   other local government                               M        35

2. Property taxes lost from             L  0.30         KK       66.1
   land cleared for freeways                            V       246

3. Parking                              L  1.40         MDC      85
                                                        M        25 - 100

4. Air, water, land pollution           L  1.02         KK(air)  30
                                                        MDC(air) 10
                                                        M        16.8
                                                        V        12

5. Noise, vibration damage to           L  0.04         KK       28.8
   structures                                           MDC       9
                                                        M        16.8
                                                        V        12

6. Global warming                                       KK       25
                                                        MDC   >> 27
                                                        V        59.9

7. Petroleum supply line policing,      L  0.60         KK       33.4
   security, petroleum production                       MDC      25.3
   subsidies                                            M        65 - 130

8. Trade deficit, infrastructure                        V        59.9
   deficit
 
9. Sprawl, loss of transportation       L  0.60
   options

10. Uncompensated auto accidents        L  0.60         KK       168
                                                        MDC       55
                                                        M        102
                                                        V         62

11. Congestion                          L  2.00         KK       363
                                                        MDC   >  100
                                                        M         11
                                                        V        146

Total U.S. Auto Subsidies
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
                        $/gallon        $/vehicle/yr    total $billion/yr

Ketcham & Komanoff      10.07           4,110           730
Littman                  7.08           2,965           513
MacKenzie, Dower & Chen  5.52           2,312           400
Moffet                   5.21 - 8.86    2,185 - 3,636   378 - 629
Vorhees                  8.70           3,647           631


References
~~~~~~~~~~

KK      Brian Ketcham & Charles Komanoff; "Win-Win Transportation: A No-
        Losers Approach To Financing Transport in New York City and the
        Region"; KEA, 270 Lafayette #400, New York 10012, (212) 334-9767;
        9 July 92 Draft

L       Todd Littman; "Transportation Cost Survey"; 113 Decatur, Olympia
        WA 98502, (206) 943-9025; 2 Feb 92

MDC     James MacKenzie, Roger Dower & Donald Chen; "The Going Rate: What
        It Really Costs To Drive"; World Resources Institute, 1709 New York
        Ave NW, Washington DC 20006; June 92

M       John Moffet; "The Price of Mobility"; Natural Resources Defense
        Council, 71 Stevenson Pl #1825, San Francisco CA 9415, (415) 777-
        0220; 6 Nov 91 Draft

V       Michael Vorhees; "The True Costs of the Automobile to Society";
        3131 Bell Dr., Boulder CO 80301, (303) 449-9067; 4 Jan 92


Conversions
~~~~~~~~~~~

20 mpg average fuel consumption;
72.5 x 10^9 gal/yr US gasoline consumption;
173 x 10^6 cars in U.S.


30 July 92 Draft


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