HDTenEightyP/NetNews huggingface dataset:
From: ayman@eecs.umich.edu (Ayman I. Kayssi)
Subject: Re: How to let a program running in dos window recognize 16550UART
Organization: ACAL, EECS, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
X-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.1 PL6]
Date: Wed, 7 Oct 1992 00:48:47 GMT

Fuzzy Fox (fuzzy@netcom.com) wrote:
: Windows virtualizes the COM ports, and it does not have a virtual 16550
: driver.  I thought I had heard of a solution, but I do not recall it.

The TurboComm drivers allow DOS applications to access the 16550.

: >ws? winqvtnet is arp only. I hope to find one that's 
: >slip and bootp.
: There is a SLIP packet driver that masquerades as ARP.  Look for the
: ETHERSLIP driver.

winqvtnet works happily with a SLIP packet driver. You don't need ETHERSLIP
to run it.

--
Ayman I. Kayssi                               |    ayman@eecs.umich.edu
EECS Department                               +------------------------
University of Michigan                        |          (313) 764-8033
From: axa12@po.CWRU.Edu (Ashok Aiyar)
Newsgroups: comp.protocols.tcp-ip.ibmpc
Subject: KA9Q not bouncing mail (PA0GRI NOS 911229 2.0m)
Date: 4 Oct 1992 23:18:00 GMT
Organization: Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (USA)
Reply-To: axa12@po.CWRU.Edu (Ashok Aiyar)
NNTP-Posting-Host: thor.ins.cwru.edu


We are using a computer running Pa0gri NOS as a POP3/SMTP
server.

I would like to know how to configure the program such that
it bounces mail that comes in for "unknown" users.  Currently
I am doing this manually - but this is not what I want to
be doing.

Please help!

Ashok
-- 
                          Ashok Aiyar
   		       axa12@po.cwru.edu
                Visit the IBM-PC Sig on Freenet
Newsgroups: comp.protocols.tcp-ip.ibmpc
From: kwia4000@wncs.zrz.TU-Berlin.DE (Manfred Kwiatkowski)
Subject: Re: KA9Q LAN problems
Reply-To: kwiatkowski@zrz.tu-berlin.de
Organization: Tech. Univ. of Berlin, Central Computing Facility
Date: Sat, 26 Sep 1992 22:36:38 GMT

In article <br.pct.47.717453295@RLG.Stanford.EDU>, br.pct@RLG.Stanford.EDU (Peter C. Tam) writes:
|> [..]
|>   I have a ftp/lpd file transfer hang problem if LAN connections are used.
|> Network Daemon loops on a mallow for no buffers available for ever. Someone
|> suggested changing the send mss but that does not help because it is
|> receiving a file. Sure is nice to have this problem cleared on the next
|> release of KA9Q.
|> [..]

Setting  tcp mss = tcp window  does the trick for us. This usually 
throttles _aggressive_ peers to circumvent KA9Qs buffer problems.

--
Manfred Kwiatkowski         kwiatkowski@zrz.tu-berlin.de
From: gtoal@ibmpcug.co.uk (Graham Toal)
Newsgroups: comp.protocols.tcp-ip.ibmpc
Subject: Re: Software for Remote PC Control from Sun
Keywords: remote execution network TCP/IP
Date: 27 Sep 92 19:09:25 GMT
Organization: The IBM PC User Group, UK.

In article <1992Sep25.133631.1256@eplrx7.es.duPont.com> rogers@eplrx7.es.duPont.com (Wade Rogers) writes:
:A comparable product in the DEC world is called Pathworks.  This product runs
:on Ultrix and VMS boxes, with a component on the PC end that supports
:Decnet-based file system sharing a la NFS, and remote execution (called the
:"SPAWNER").

if the PC code isn't very large, you could get hold of a copy of SOSS (a PC
NFS server) and hack it into that...?

G
--
From: booth@lub001.lamar.edu (John Booth)
Newsgroups: comp.protocols.tcp-ip.ibmpc
Subject: CUTCP and NDIS
Keywords: Packet,Driver,CUTCP,NDIS
Date: 29 Sep 92 08:56:22 GMT
Article-I.D.: lub001.booth.10.0
Organization: Office of Telecommunications

I am using PATHWORKs for DOS and NDIS drivers for my DATA LINK. I would like
to use CUTCP for Telnet etc. 

Questions:

Can CUTCP use NDIS drivers?
If so, would it be DIS_PKT.GUP that I need in config.sys?
If not, then what do I need?

Thanks To All (who respond), :^)

John Booth
booth@lub001.lamar.edu
Newsgroups: comp.protocols.tcp-ip.ibmpc
From: ebert@esfra.sub.org (Christian Ebert)
Subject: Re: Help with CHARON needed.
Organization: Ebert & Stegemann GmbH; Frankfurt/Main
Date: Thu, 01 Oct 92 10:03:32 GMT

In <1992Sep28.114756.14704@mcs.kent.edu> eretherf@mcs.kent.edu (Eric Von Retherford) writes:

>According to the CHARON manual we need a Domain Name Server on our
>network. Well we don't have one. Is there a way to work around this
>or is there domain server software that will work with Unix Sys5?
>Thanks.

Which version of Charon do you want to run?

Nevertheless, you don't need any DNS on your network. Just have 
one Unix host with a valid /etc/hosts and present it to charon as
your central mailer agent. That's all.

Best regards


Christian
-- 
----------- beware of programmers who carry screwdrivers -------------
| Christian Ebert                |  ebert@esfra.sub.org              |
| Staedelstrasse 8               |  100016.633@compuserve.com        |
| D-6000 Frankfurt 70 / Germany  |  +49 (69) 61 90 47                | 
Newsgroups: comp.protocols.tcp-ip.ibmpc
From: fit106@mis.csiro.au (Kent Fitch (Project Computing))
Subject: Re: PC-NFS 3.5 with 3C503 packet dr 10.5.1
Keywords: PC-NFS packet drivers 3C503 PKTMUX
Organization: CSIRO DIT (Melb.)
Date:  2 Oct 92 00:35:20 GMT

geoff@tyger.Eng.Sun.COM (Geoff Arnold @ Sun BOS - R.H. coast near the top) writes:

>Quoth fit106@mis.csiro.au (Kent Fitch (Project Computing)) (in <fit106.717916762@mis.csiro.au>):
>#	NFS000F: PC-NFS is disabled (cant start network; check configuration)
>#
>#Now, PC-NFS works fine with the regular PC-NFS device driver (VECIE6 and
>#NFSVEC), and this same packet driver normally works fine with NCSA telnet,
>#WATTCP, PC/TCP...
>#
>#Does anyone know if I have a mismatch between the PKTD.SYS, the rest of
>#PC-NFS or the 3C503 packet driver?  Any help would be greatly appreciated.

>First, the 3.0.2 PKTD.SYS should work OK with 3.5, but I'm appending a
>copy of the PKTD.SYS from the 3.5 tree, just to be sure. ..........

>Geoff

Thanks Geoff - the replacement PKTD.SYS did the trick.
- the new PKTD.SYS says that it is version 4.0.a3.

Regards,

Kent Fitch
CSIRO Canberra AUSTRALIA
Newsgroups: comp.protocols.tcp-ip.ibmpc
From: erick@demorgan.uwaterloo.ca (Erick Engelke)
Subject: Re: Connect a PC to X server through modem
Organization: University of Waterloo
Date: Tue, 29 Sep 1992 15:48:12 GMT

> mcn@cfa203.HARVARD.EDU (Charley Noecker, Prec Astron) writes:
>
>We're curious too.  We'd like to emulate an X term on the PC, to use
>some X-specific software on the Sun.  We have two concerns:
>---- We'd like to be able to run it from home by modem (at 9.6 kB) and
>	also at the office by TCP/IP
>---- We'd like to do it inexpensively, e.g. using NCSA Telnet software
>	rather than commercial, and without MSWindows if possible.
>
>For straight VT100 terminal emulation, we have been happy with Kermit,
>running from DOS or under a DOS window in MSWindows; we'd prefer
>something along those lines.  We reluctantly admit that GUIs are the
>wave of the future, but GEEZ, my 6 MHz 286 at home groans under Windows.
>

You may find IBM's X product to be very attractive.  It runs under a 286
extender, doesn't require windows, is spunkier than several others, and
comes with *great* educational discounts.  It can work over their licensed
TCP stack or FTP's, or several others.  

Contact your IBM educational rep.

-- 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Erick Engelke				 	            WATTCP Architect
erick@development.uwaterloo.ca     TCP/IP was easy but i still can't work VI
From: robertj@tekgen.bv.tek.com (Robert Jaquiss)
Newsgroups: comp.protocols.tcp-ip.ibmpc
Subject: LOOKING FOR SLIP TO ETHERNET BRIDGE CONFIGURATIONS FOR A PC
Date: 30 Sep 92 14:59:07 GMT
Article-I.D.: tekgen.1342
Organization: Tektronix, Inc.


     The subject line says it all.  I am looking for a method to allow 
remote PCs to dial up a PC and using it as a bridge send files to various places
on a network.  Thank you.

	Robert Jaquiss 

Internet: robertj@tekgen.bv.tek.com
Newsgroups: comp.protocols.tcp-ip.ibmpc
Subject: FAQ: Windows for CUTCP, TRUMPET.
From: booth@lub001.lamar.edu (John Booth)
Date: 30 Sep 92 13:07:22 +1700
Organization: Office of Telecommunications
Keywords: Windows, cutcp

I know it's out there, just don't know where. Need the ability to run CUTCP
from MS-Windows. Also need, I think the PKTMUX driver. Anyone that can tell
me where to find it on anon FTP? I can handle the setup if there's docs.
(famous last words). :^)

John Booth
booth@lub001.lamar.edu
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
        /LLLL Lamar                      |       
        //LL/                            |      John Booth
         /LL  /UU     /UU University     |      P.O. Box 11954
         /LL  /UU     /UU                |      4400 MLK Pkwy
         /LL  /UU /L  /UU                |      Beaumont, TX 77710
        /LLLLLLLLLLL  /UU                |      booth@lub001.lamar.edu
        ///////UU//   /UU                |      POTS: (409) 880-8531 
              //UUUUUUUU/                |      FAX: (409) 880-2372        
               ////////                  |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Newsgroups: comp.protocols.tcp-ip.ibmpc
From: "michael livsey" <michael.livsey@canrem.com>
Subject: **ethernet card for h
Reply-To: "michael livsey" <michael.livsey@canrem.com>
Organization: Canada Remote Systems
Distribution: comp
Date: 3 Oct 92 10:35:10 EST

|> This is not a card which plugs into the printer but I just saw an ad for
|> a new version of the MiLan FastPort box which supports both TCP/IP and IPX
|> protocols. This is a separate box which attaches to the network and then
|> talks to the printer with either a parallel interface or serial interface
|> (or to two printers, one of each simultaneously).

I just bought a few to drive my Calcomp Colour-Master and 68444 plotters.
The FastPort works like a charm. The drivers come as source code and are
compileable (if that's a word) for numerous Unix platforms. I even got it
to work under Sun's newsprint software, so I'm quite impressed.

Regards.

          michael.livsey@canrem.com
---
  DeLuxe/386 1.25 #9068  /Earth is 98% full. Please delete anyone you can.
--
Canada Remote Systems  - Toronto, Ontario
World's Largest PCBOARD System - 416-629-7000/629-7044
From: jbvb@FTP.COM ("James B. Van Bokkelen")
Newsgroups: comp.protocols.tcp-ip.ibmpc
Subject: Re: PC/TCP 2.1 copy protection
Date: 2 Oct 92 13:54:34 GMT
Reply-To: jbvb@ftp.com
Distribution: world
Organization: The Internet


    ....  I just want to make it clear that by defining what has previously
    been undefined data, FTP has done nothing less than modify ARP.
    Consequently, i'd like ask politely that the new protocol be submitted
    to the IETF standards process for proper review.

I didn't think this was worth putting on the standards track, since
if you hadn't been told the serial number was in all outgoing ARP
requests, you'd be hard put to tell.  The destination hardware address
traditionally contains random garbage, and we tested for a year or two
to make sure nobody got offended.

Right now, for this to be useful to people other than us, it would
need a more sophisticated encoding scheme.  We have decent protection
from false alarms, but not from other vendors.  Most of the work
would be defining a multi-vendor discrimination mechanism, and then
we'd need to work out how the IANA (or something) could allocate IDs.
    
James B. VanBokkelen		2 High St., North Andover, MA  01845
FTP Software Inc.		voice: (508) 685-4000  fax: (508) 794-4488
From: cchapman@matd.gatech.edu (Charles H. Chapman)
Newsgroups: comp.protocols.tcp-ip.ibmpc
Subject: Re: QVTNET - sendmail hangs !
Date: 2 Oct 92 17:08:39 GMT
Organization: Georgia Institute of Technology

In article <mih.9.0@eng.ufl.edu> mih@eng.ufl.edu (Marc Hoit) writes:

>
>It seems as though the qvt mail is waiting for a response ??
>
>
>any help ????
>

Be sure and hit ENTER after the last line of your message, i.e., don't
leave the cursor sitting at the end of the last line.  There is a bug
in WinQVT 2.7 that will cause your system to hang.  It also leaves
the "popper" daemon on your host computer running with you logged in.
You have to log on your host computer and kill that "popper" daemon
to recover.

Chuck

Charles H. Chapman  (GTRI/MATD)             (404) 528-7588
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta Georgia, 30332
uucp:     ...!{allegra,amd,hplabs,ut-ngp}!gatech!matd!cchapman
Internet: cchapman@matd.gatech.edu
From: STEIN_A@mscf.med.upenn.edu (Alan D. Stein)
Newsgroups: comp.protocols.tcp-ip.ibmpc
Subject: TCP Questions
Keywords: SLIP, VAXMATE, UBNICPC
Date: 28 Sep 92 22:05:53 GMT
Distribution: usa
Organization: Club (Penn) Med


	
OK, I have some questions of my own.  
 
1)	Is SLIP8250 moded by J. Doupnik the latest version (it just gives 
version as .6 when installed!)?  Came off of a reputable mirror archive, 
but...
 
2)	Does anyone know if a packet driver exists for the thin-wire card on 
a VAXMATE (a PC-AT clone by DEC)?
 
3)	Has anyone has luck with an Ungermann-Bass PC-NIU card?  
Unfortunately, I haven't been able to get the CUTCP binaries to run using 
either a packet-driver or the endogenous PC-NIC interface. 

Any help on these is greatly appreciated.
 
     Al
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
name=Alan D Stein   email=STEIN_A@mscf.med.upenn.edu   callsign=KA2ZBA
undergrad=Electrical Engineering BSE   grad=MD/Biophysics PhD
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Newsgroups: comp.protocols.tcp-ip.ibmpc
Subject: Re: FTP's PC/TCP and ODI
From: ddl@burrhus.harvard.edu (Dan Lanciani)
Date: Sat, 26 Sep 92 18:38:21 GMT
Organization: Harvard University, Cambridge, MA

In article <717429398snx@childsoc.demon.co.uk>, mike@childsoc.demon.co.uk (Michael Bernardi) writes:
| I've just had to install an IBM Token Ring Card, using the ODI drivers to get
| access over our network to an RS6000 running Aix 3.1. This is to replace WD
| Token Cards which didn't have either ODI or Packet Driver support. (WD's LAN
| Support Prog emulation was not 100% reliable)
| 
| We are going to have to replace large numbers of these WD cards :-(
| 
| Now the big question, Can FTP's PC/TCP software support network cards running
| Novell ODI? and if not why not :-)

	I tested at least one release of FTP's generic Token Ring kernel
with my ODIPKT converter running over Novell's TOKEN.COM on a real IBM
card.  It worked fine.  Note that FTP may by now have released their
own ODI to packet converter.

				Dan Lanciani
				ddl@harvard.*
From: gts@VIOLET.BERKELEY.EDU (Greg Small)
Newsgroups: comp.protocols.tcp-ip.ibmpc
Subject: RE: Packet Driver for UB PC-NIU
Date: 30 Sep 92 01:19:59 GMT
Reply-To: gts@violet.berkeley.edu
Distribution: world
Organization: The Internet

In Message 28 Sep 92 22:05:53 GMT, "Alan D. Stein" <agate!usenet.ins.cwru.edu!cert!netnews.upenn.edu!mscf.med.upenn.edu!STEIN_A@ucbvax.
>3) Has anyone has luck with an Ungermann-Bass PC-NIU card?

The PC-NIU is not the same as the PC-NIC (UBNICPC packet driver).
DIS_PKT (packet driver to NDIS shim) plus the UB NDIS driver works fine.
The NDIS driver is about $ 50.00 from UB.  Use noarpme=yes with CUTCP.
If you decide to do this, I can send you our installation and setup
information.

Greg Small
Personal Computer Networking and Communications     gts@violet.Berkeley.EDU
Workstation Software Support Group, IST/WSS         Phn 1-510-642-5979
University of California, Berkeley, Ca 94720        Fax 1-510-643-5385
From: backman@FTP.COM (Larry Backman)
Newsgroups: comp.protocols.tcp-ip.ibmpc
Subject: Re: OS2's lpd implementation and printing bin files from unix !
Date: 29 Sep 92 07:58:25 GMT
Article-I.D.: ftp.9209290758.AA14401
Organization: The Internet


 >> Hi guys !
 >> I want to use OS2's lpd from a unix lpr-spooling system.
 >> If i send binary files to OS2's lpd the implementation of OS2's
 >> lpd expands every character 012 (octal) to 012 015 and my binary
 >> file is spoiled. I tried to spool the file from a UNIX to UNIX WS
 >> with nearly the same printcap entry and its OK. The bad guy must
 >> be OS2's lpd.
 >> Is there a possibiltiy to prevent this behavior or how can I
 >> force the OS'2 spooling-system to use a filter (012 015 to 012) 
 >> bevor printing the file ?

There are two OS/2 LPD's that I am aware of; one from IBM as part
of their TCP/IP package; and one as part of FTP Software's PCTCP for
OS/2 package.

Which one are you having problems with?

Larry Backman
FTP Software
From: nelson@crynwr.com (Russell Nelson)
Newsgroups: comp.protocols.tcp-ip.ibmpc
Subject: Questions on B & W TCP/IP package for PCs
Date: 6 Oct 92 00:26:15 GMT
Article-I.D.: crynwr.718331175snx
Distribution: world
Organization: Crynwr Software

In article <1aqbtvINNr6j@usenet.INS.CWRU.Edu> axa12@po.CWRU.Edu writes:

   I have the following (novice) questions on B&W TCP/IP.

   a) Does it work with Crynwyr (Clarkson ?) packet drivers?

Yes.  Crynwr.

-russ <nelson@crynwr.com> I'm proud to be a humble Quaker!
Crynwr Software           Crynwr Software sells packet driver support.
11 Grant St.              315-268-1925 Voice  |  LPF member - ask me about
Potsdam, NY 13676         315-268-9201 FAX    |  the harm software patents do.
From: waverheu@vub.ac.be ("Verheulpen W.")
Newsgroups: comp.protocols.tcp-ip.ibmpc
Subject: Re: QVTNET_DIR variable where is it set ?
Date: 30 Sep 92 08:52:54 GMT
Distribution: world
Organization: The Internet

In a posting Robert Coelen writes :
>
>
>
> Hi,
>
> Can anyone tell me where to set the QVTNET_DIR variable to specify
> a directory for my rc files ?
>
> Thanks for the assistance
>
>

hat about your autoexec.bat ?
--
====================================================================
Willy Verheulpen                            Systems Coordination
                   Institute for Molecular Biology
Brussels Free University                                 Belgium
I-------------------------------------I----------------------------I
I Voice  :   32-2-359.02.59           I                            I
I Fax    :   32-2-359.03.90 / 99      I  If everything else fails, I
I Bitnet :   waverheu@bbrbfu60.bitnet I       Read the manual !    I
I Intern :   waverheu@vub.ac.be       I                            I
I_____________________________________I____________________________I
Usual Disclaimer: No connection with any commercial product.
                  We only put forward our own opinion based on our own
                  experiments.
====================================================================
From: axa12@po.CWRU.Edu (Ashok Aiyar)
Newsgroups: comp.protocols.tcp-ip.ibmpc
Subject: Re: Telnet to a PC?
Date: 5 Oct 1992 20:56:39 GMT
Organization: Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (USA)
Reply-To: axa12@po.CWRU.Edu (Ashok Aiyar)
NNTP-Posting-Host: thor.ins.cwru.edu


In a previous article, trier@slc6.ins.cwru.edu (Stephen C. Trier) says:

>There is a current thread going on right now about telnet servers for MS-DOS.
>One that was not recently mentioned is the WATTCP telnetd, which is free.
>The others are generally more capable, but they cost money.  (The WATTCP
>telnetd is "good enough" for many things, so it is probably worth a look.)
>Other options include Beame and Whiteside's TCP/IP packages, IBM's TCP for
>OS/2, and several other packages whose names I have forgotten.  Read the
>messages for information.
>
>You will be able to run many programs, but not all.  Compatibility varies
>for each telnet server.

The WATTCP telnet server is reasonably good, however, very often it
will not reset, and the host must be re-booted to get it going again.

Ashok
-- 
                          Ashok Aiyar
   		       axa12@po.cwru.edu
                Visit the IBM-PC Sig on Freenet
From: tony@scotty.dccs.upenn.edu (Anthony Olejnik)
Newsgroups: comp.protocols.tcp-ip.ibmpc
Subject: Re: Packet Driver for UB PC-NIU
Date: 30 Sep 92 18:34:19 GMT
Organization: University of Pennsylvania

UB also provides (in addition to an NDIS driver) and ODI driver for the
PC-NIU ('smart' cards).  With the ODIPKT 'shim', one can run packet
driver applications (over the shim and thru the ODI driver) on the PCNIU.

--tony
Newsgroups: comp.protocols.tcp-ip.ibmpc
Subject: Contacting QPC Software, are they still around?
From: hauser_s@eis.dofasco.ca
Date: 29 Sep 92 11:05:21 GMT
Organization: Dofasco Inc, Hamilton, Ont. Can.
Nntp-Posting-User: hauser_s

Has anyone been able to contact QPC Software?

I got the internet mail address, PO Box # and the city of Penfield, NY from the
WinQVT docs.  I've tried the internet mail several times and have been unable to
get a phone number from Ma Bell.

I'm looking for some information regarding a possible site licence and if any
newer version will support TN3270.  People in Purchasing don't like the idea of
sending a cheque without knowing what's at the other end...


Steve Hauser
hauser_s@eis.dofasco.ca
From: mjo@ef2007.efhd.ford.com (Mike O'Connor)
Newsgroups: comp.protocols.tcp-ip
Subject: Re: rlogin client
Date: 6 Oct 1992 09:52:21 -0400
Organization: Not an official spokesperson for Ford Motor Co.
Reply-To: "Mike O'Connor" <mjo@fmsrl7.srl.ford.com>
NNTP-Posting-Host: ef2007.efhd.ford.com

In article
<MS-C.718349484.1103527590.mrc@Tomobiki-Cho.CAC.Washington.EDU> Mark
Crispin <mrc@Tomobiki-Cho.CAC.Washington.EDU> writes:

:     The system rlogin is setuid root, for the reasons you outlined.  The only
:way for you to build an rlogin program from its source is to have superuser
:access.

You can certainly BUILD an rlogin client without being the superuser.
It's the running of the client that causes problems.

						...Mike

-- 
 Michael J. O'Connor           |  Internet:  mjo@fmsrl7.srl.ford.com
 Ford Motor Company, OPEO      |  UUCP:      ...!{backbone}!fmsrl7!mjo
 20000 Rotunda, Bldg. 1-3001   |  Phone:     +1 (313) 248-1260
 Dearborn, MI  48121           |  Fax:       +1 (313) 323-6277
From: roy@mchip00.med.nyu.edu (Roy Smith)
Newsgroups: comp.protocols.tcp-ip
Subject: netmask follies
Date: 4 Oct 92 21:58:21 GMT
Organization: New York University, School of Medicine


	Recently, a Sun-3 (running SunOS-3.5.2) got its netmask changed from
255.255.0.0 to 255.255.255.0.  Naturally, it stopped being able to talk to
any machines other than those with the same third octet worth of IP address.
My question is, how would such a thing happen?  I'm presuming nobody walked
up to the machine and did an ifconfig, but that something (presumably
eminating from some misconfigured router?) came by on the network causing
the machine to change it's netmask automatically.  Can anybody fill me in on
what might have happened?

	Fixing the problem simply involved doing an ifconfig back to the
proper netmask, but I'm really curious as to what might have happened, and
what I might do to prevent it from happening again.