From: rjsalvad@iastate.edu (Ricardo J Salvador)
Subject: Re: Informacion de Satelites y Redes Mexicanas
Organization: Iowa State University, Ames, IA
Date: Sun, 30 Aug 1992 18:52:47 GMT

In article <1992Aug29.235810.997@cbnewse.cb.att.com> mexico-l@tecmtyvm.mty.itesm.mx writes:
>He estado siguiendo las informaciones acerca de los satelites.
>Alguien podria esplicar cuantas bandas o canales de trasmicion
>tiene un satelite? Para que usos estan destinados?
>Como se puede hacer uso de ellos? Cualquier pesona los
>puede usar para transmitir y recibir o esta restringido a
>instituciones o a algun tipo de tecnologia?

Raymundo,

Te adjunto un mensaje tocante a tu pregunta que extraigo de los archivos
de preguntas frecuentes de soc.culture.mexican:

=========================================================================

Cua'l es el estado de las redes electro'nicas en Me'xico?

La informacio'n citada a continuacio'n se extrae del libro de John S.
Quarterman "The Matrix, Computer Networks and Conferencing Systems
Worldwide" [1990, Digital Press].  Advierto que la informacio'n aqui'
contenida fa'cilmente se supercede por la velocidad con la cual avanzan
las instalaciones de co'mputo, y que mucha de la informacio'n a seguir
tal vez pueda ser superflua, pero incluyo toda la seccio'n referente al
estado de las redes electro'nicas en Me'xico para proveer contexto e
informacio'n que pueda ser de valor para nuestros lectores:

--------
MEXICO {MX}

There are several wide area networks in Mexico.  Much networking traffic
is supported by the national PDN [Public Data Network], TELEPAC, and the
satellite network Morelos, both of which are described in Appendix A.

Commercial application networks are run by the following:

*Petro'leos Mexicanos (PEMEX), the government oil monopoly, (it has
 about 70 sites and is built from TELEPAC and microwave links [Trujillo,
 1987], as well as using the Morelos satellite network.  Currently, 24
 channels are used for voice data, and this is expected to increase to
 800 in the next few years [Casta~o'n, 1988].
*IBM, with ten sites connected by leased circuits, and presumably
 connected to VNET.
*Banks, with leased circuits and some satellite links.
*Some other leased circuit links [Trujillo, 1987].

There are two academic networks in Mexico: UNAM and ITESM.

UNAM

The UNAM network is run by Universidad Nacional Auto'noma de Me'xico
(UNAM), the autonomous national university in Mexico City.  It has
15 sites connected by leased lines and TELEPAC links and uses the
SECOBI database access application.  About 250,000 students could
have access in principle [Trujillo, 1987].

ITESM

ITESM is a network of the Instituto Tecnolo'gico y de Estudios
Superiores de Monterrey (ITESM), or the Monterrey Technological
Institute of Higher Education, a private university [Marti, 1988].
The network was initiated from the Mexico City campus of ITESM and
was operational in September 1987.  It originally connected nine
ITESM campuses and now connects 14.  Eight more are expected online
by November 1988, with all 26 connected by May 1989.  Of these, one
will be reached by a microwave connection, but the other 25 will be
connected by satellite links, using Morelos.

The network is arranged in two connected stars around the Mexico
and Monterrey campuses, extending from Chiapas to Chihuahua, as
shown in Figure 18.1 [Herrera and Guerra G., 1988].  There are
27,000 students in all of ITESM, including 11,000 at the Monterrey
campus, where there are 250 faculty [Trujillo, 1987].

The network is managed from the Mexico City campus.  This campus
has its own local area network using fiber optics and Ethernet
[Herrera and Guerra, G., 1988].  It connects machines ranging
from an IBM 4381 to Apple Macintoshes and includes 16 minicomputers
and 585 microcomputers in all.  The users of these computers come
mostly from computer systems engineering, but also from computer
systems administration undergraduates and from electronic, industrial,
and systems engineering, followed by electrical, mechanical, and
administrative mechanical engineering.  Not all engineering
specializations use these machines or the network, and such use has
not become popular in the social sciences or other areas [Marti, 1988].

The satellite connections use Vitalink and Republic Telcom hardware
to give the apearance of a single Ethernet.  The SECOBI database
software is used [Trujillo, 1987].  There are experiments in progress
involving digital image transmission [Marti, 1988].

Interconnections with private networks are illegal in Mexico, but an
interconnection between ITESM and UNAM is expected to occur eventually.
There is a BITNET link through the University of Texas at San Antonio
(UTSA).  There are tentative plans for two connections to NSFNET,
both through the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) in
Boulder, Colorado: a 56 Kbps link to Monterrey and a 1.544 Mbps link
to Mexico City [Herrera and Guerra, G., 1988].

Access
Fernando Herrera
FHERRERA@VMTECMEX.BITNET
+52-871-10-11, ext. 1302, 1303
ITESM
Campus Estado de Me'xico
Direccio'n de Informa'tica
Apdo. Postal 214
53100 Ciudad Satelite
Estado de Me'xico
MEXICO

Casta~o'n, Ine's. 1988.  Sistema de Sate'lites Morelos.  Caminos del
  Aire, pp. 41-43, 45.  Internacional de Revistas, Me'xico D.F.
  11560, September 1988.  Organo Oficial de Mexicana de Aviacio'n.
  Spanish and English.

Herrera, Fernando and Antonio Guerra G.  Personal communications,
  30 September 1988.

Marti', Beatriz.  1988.  El Instituto Tecnolo'gico de Monterrey.
  Caminos del Aire, pp. 91-96, Internacional de Revistas, Me'xico D.F.
  11560, September 1988.  Organo Oficial de Mexicana de Aviacio'n.
  Spanish and English.

Trujillo, Daniel.  1987.  Networks in Mexico.  Proceedings of the
  International Academic Workshop (Princenton, New Jersey, 9-11
  November 1987).

APPENDIX A.

TELEPAC
The Mexican X.25 network TELEPAC uses mostly 9600 bps leased lines
with 1200 bps terminal PAD X.3 interfaces.  It is completely saturated,
to the point that bits are lost through the PADS, and no growth is
planned until 1990.  It is used, among other things, for SECOBI,
which is a remote database access application.  There are connections
to Telenet and TYMNET.

Morelos
Morelos is a Mexican satellite network using the C and Ku bands
[Trujillo, 1987].  It has been operational since September 1985.
The first users were Tele'fonos de Me'xico (Telmex) and Petro'leos
Mexicanos (PEMEX).  There are two satellites, Morelos I and Morelos
II, each with 32 television channels and 32,000 telephone channels.
There were 288 ground stations in September 1988, two of which are
 used for transmissions to the Far East and North America.  Another
500 ground stations were expected to be installed in 1988.

Usage was to be divided into 28% television, 22% telephone between
cities, 2% rural telephone, and 15% data, amounting to 80% of total
capacity, with an expectation of 96% usage by 1991.  Other uses
include air traffic control in several airports, banks, insurance
companies, and navigational services, as well as the educational
network ITESM [Casta~o'n, 1988].  Many of the ground stations are
provided by NEC, which also provides microwave communications in
Mexico.
----------------------
Se puede obtener informacio'n al corriente acerca del sistema por medio
de la o'rden "whois" (si su sistema no cuenta con enlace TCP/IP o no
apoya esta o'rden, acceda por medio de telnet a NIC.DDN.MIL).  Mucho de
lo esperado en este libro del '90 seguramente se ha logrado o excedido
para estas fechas.  Si nuestros lectores en la UNAM, el ITESM y otras
entidades en Me'xico gustan actualizar los datos correspondientes en
el texto citado y enviarmelos agregaremos tal informacio'n a los
archivos FAQ de s.c.m. para el uso y beneficio de nuestros lectores
cuando tales preguntas vuelvan a surgir en el futuro.

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