From: xu@hydra.maths.unsw.oz.au ()
Subject: CND-Global, January 1, 1993
Organization: school of Mathematics UNSW
Distribution: aus
Date: Sat, 2 Jan 1993 01:31:15 GMT


               * * *  C h i n a   N e w s   D i g e s t  * * *

                                (News Global)

                         H a p p y   N e w   Y e a r !

                           Friday, January 1, 1993

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                    Contributed by CND reader Bei Zhang

Table of Contents                                                 # of Lines
============================================================================
1. News Brief (4 Items) ................................................. 51
2. Alarmed Beijing University Officials Move to Stem Brain Drain ........ 50
3. People's Daily Calls for More Reforms in 1993 ........................ 31
4. U.S.S.R. Anniversary Arouses Mixed Feelings .......................... 49
5. What's in Today's Hua Xia Wen Zhai #92 (cm9301a) ..................... 33
============================================================================

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1. News Brief (4 Items) ................................................. 51
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[Reuter, 12/29/1992] PHNOM PENH, CAMBODIA -- Khmer Rouge guerrillas
massacred 12 ethnic Vietnamese, including four children, and two Cambodians
in a raid on a village in central Cambodia, a UN spokesman said yesterday.
It was the latest and most serious of a series of attacks against
Vietnamese settlers in Cambodia.  UN peacekeepers blame most on the khmer
Rouge, whose leaders have openly threatened the Vietnamese community with
violence. Another 14 people were wounded in the night raid on Kompong
Tralach district in Kompong Chhnang province Sunday, UN spokesman Eric
Berman said. (Forwarded by: Yuan Liu)
                                ___ ___ ___

[New York Times, 12/30/1992] -- All trade between China and North Korea
beginning 1993 must be paid in cash rather than through barter, announced
Trade Minister Li Lanqing to a visiting North Korean trade official, Kang
Jong-mo. This news was made public by the official New China News Agency in
a report emphasizing on the friendly relations between the two countries.
This clearly indicates that China has made its decision final on this
issue. Chinese officials said that the North Koreans were told last year
that they would have to pay for their purchases in cash beginning in
January 1992. But the Chinese relented when it became clear that the
Pyongyang government had no money.  North Korea depends on China for oil
and other supplies and is already suffering a severe economic crisis.
Industry in North Korea might be devastated unless it can find other energy
sources. (Forwarded by: Yuan Liu and Zhao Hua)
                                ___ ___ ___

[DJ, 12/30/1992] -- Taiwan's committed investment in China this year is
expected to exceed last decade's total of 3.42 billion U.S. dlrs, according
to the China Daily. For the year's first nine months, Taiwanese investors
already promised to pump in 3 billion U.S. dlrs in the mainland, up 254%
over the corresponding period in 1991, the English-language daily quoted
officials from the Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade
(MOFERT) as saying. During the same period, the number of projects
initiated by Taiwan and approved by China also soared 232% to 3,750, Mofert
officials said.  They attributed the jump to increased confidence of
Taiwanese businessmen in the mainland's economic reforms. Unlike in the
past when the Taiwanese concentrated on small- to medium-sized and
labor-intensive industries, the new wave of investment will be engaged in
aerospace, computer, bio-technology and property development projects,
MOFERT officials said. Taiwan is also the leading investor in China's
coastal Fujian province.  (Forwarded by: Liu Jian)
                                ___ ___ ___

[AP & UPI, 12/31/1992] WASHINGTON -- Ling-Ling, the female Giant Panda who
symbolized the opening of relations between the United States and China and
the National Zoo's most popular feature for 20 years, was found dead
Wednesday.  Zoo officials said the death was unexpected, although at 23,
Ling-Ling was old for a panda.  Ling-Ling and her male companion,
Hsing-Hsing, arrived here amid fanfare as a gift to the United States from
the People's Republic of China in 1972 following then-President Nixon's
visit to China that year. (Forwarded by: Zhao Hua and A CND Reader)

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2. Alarmed Beijing University Officials Move to Stem Brain Drain ........ 50
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Forwarded by: A CND Reader
Source: UPI, 12/30/1992

BEIJING -- The once-hallowed halls of China's most prestigious university
are crumbling, with an economic boom luring talented young students and
lecturers away as the university's political climate continues to suffocate
the rest.

Professors and lecturers at Beijing University, or Beida as it is known in
Chinese, are supplementing their shrinking incomes by following senior
leader Deng Xiaoping's call to get rich -- moonlighting at jobs that pay
many times their campus salary, or even leaving altogether.

The best and brightest students, meanwhile, are still forced to endure a
repressive year of military training before they start course work.

"The future of Beijing University is hopeless," said one young lecturer,
adding that more than 90 percent of the university's younger professors
have either left or found work on the side.

Alarmed university officials have more recently moved to block criticism
and stem the brain drain, announcing plans including spinning spinning off
part of the university to private companies, and allocating $1 million in
salary hikes to teaching staff.

"If this keeps up, the country's educational development will quickly
plummet," commented Liu Xiaobo, a lecturer banned for his 1989 activities.
He said universities needed to give educators more money and higher
positions to stem the growing exodus.

A private survey in September by some Beida students of 1,500 of their
peers showed a surprising 17 percent would transfer from the university if
they could. And for the first time, administrators were unable to fulfill
freshmen recruitment quotas this year.

To top it off, there will be no graduating class in 1993, another first in
the university's almost 100-year history, because of the enforced fifth
year for military training, known as "junxun."

Now even sympathetic administrators who would like to institute reforms are
hamstrung, knowing the most important reform, psychologically, is the
abolishing of military training, but remaining unable to eliminate it on
their own.

Even in the face of evidence the requirement has forced administrators to
accept lower student entry-level test scores, Communist Party leaders have
so far refused to budge.

But in the three years since the military program was initiated, professors
say the politicization of student educations already has affected knowledge
and sunk morale.

In the September survey, 79 percent of respondents said they were "deeply
concerned" about the school's future.

"We all hope they will get rid of military training," one sophomore said.

More than 200 of Beida's 2,700 teaching staff are currently outside the
country, one top university official said, adding "we don't know how many
of those will return."

Another one-third of the 200 lecturers recruited each year by the school
leave within five years to work in research institutes or go into business,
he said.

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3. People's Daily Calls for More Reforms in 1993 ........................ 31
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Forwarded by: A CND Reader
Source: UPI, 12/31/1992

BEIJING -- In its traditional New Year's Day editorial, the Communist Party
mouthpiece Thursday applauded the economic achievments of 1992 and called
on citizens to "stress the building of socialist culture and ethics" to
keep reforms going in the new year.

"In 1993, China should give stress to both economic development and
building of socialist culture and ethics, educate the people, especially
the youth, in line with the Party's basic line (of) patriotism,
collectivism and socialism," the People's Daily editorial said.

But while many of the tired political slogans of past years' editorials
were still in evidence, its overall tone was markedly different, replaced
by an emphasis on China's impressive economic statistics.

China's GNP soared 12 percent this year, reaching over $350 billion for the
first time in its history,the official Xinhua news agency quoted the
editorial as saying.

Echoing the warnings of economists, the editorial paid lip service to the
need to keep the country's high growth rate in check next year.

Placing economics ahead of politics reflects the renewed push toward market
reforms that began early this year with a speech by senior leader Deng
Xiaoping, the editorial said.

The editorial also mentioned the government restructuring expected to
eliminate tens of thousands of civil servant jobs and dozens of ministries
starting next year.

"Some government departments suffering an overlapping staff and low work
efficiency are facing an extreme urgency for simplification and reform,"
Xinhua said.

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4. U.S.S.R. Anniversary Arouses Mixed Feelings .......................... 49
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Forwarded by: A CND Reader
Source: UPI, 12/29/1992

MOSCOW -- Russians marked the 70th anniversary of the creation of the
now-defunct Soviet Union Wednesday, with some hailing its downfall as the
triumph of freedom and others admitting a sense of nostalgia for their lost
country.

"Yes, the U.S.S.R. is no more -- but there is no more joy as a result," the
trade union daily Trud said in an editorial.

On Dec. 30, 1922, in Moscow's Bolshoi Theater, Russia, Byelarussia and
Ukraine joined with the Trans-Caucasian Federation to form the Union of
Soviet Socialist Republics. It was the world's first Communist superpower.

The Union later incorporated the republics of Central Asia, and under
dictator Joseph Stalin expanded into Moldova, parts of Eastern Poland and
the Baltic republics of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.

Last December the presidents of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus signed the
Union's death warrant, denouncing the 1922 Union Treaty and forming the
Commonwealth of Independent States.

But people could not suppress a faint stirring of nostalgia for the
vanished empire. Compared to the ethnic strife raging in some republics,
the Soviet Union is often seen as a model of multi-cultural harmony and
co-existence.

Politicians, bankers, industrialists and ordinary citizens all mourn the
collapse of ties between the republics. As new currencies and customs posts
spring up and deliveries between enterprises break down, the economies of
all the newly independent states suffer.

The Commonwealth is roundly dismissed as singularly incapable of solving
the countless contentious military and economic problems thrown up by the
Soviet Union's demise.

Kazakhstan's President Nursultan Nazarbayev, who advocates closer
integration between C.I.S. states, says Commonwealth leaders must either
turn it into a full-fledged viable confederation or admit it is a failure
and go their separate ways.

Amid the chorus of voices marking the Soviet anniversary, there was only
one that was by no means ambivalent -- the former Communist Party daily
Pravda. For this paper, the Union's passing was an unmitigated disaster.

Pravda blamed the U.S.S.R.'s breakup on Yeltsin's Communist Party ban, on
"a campaign to destroy the moral foundations of our society" by the media,
and on the activity of foreign spies spreading anti- Communist propaganda.

"A state which was able to countervail the world's strongest powers is
gone," Pravda said. "There is no political balance left in the world...
Chaos and degeneration reign on the expanses of a once great power."

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5. What's in Today's Hua Xia Wen Zhai #92 (cm9301a) ..................... 33
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>From: CND Hua Xia Wen Zhai Editorial Board <cnd-cm@sdsc.edu>

                             Hua Xia Wen Zhai
                          (CND Chinese Magazine)
                                Issue #92
                             January 1, 1993

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                       Table of Contents (cm9301a)
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1. Reform Will Not Succeed Without Democracy....................Xu Liangying
2. Society: Corruption, Because of Unchecked Power..............Qin Fengtong
3. Headline News of the Week.......................................Dai Lixin
4. Novel: Marriage...................................................A Cheng
5. Figure: Writer Wang Shuo (Part 1 of 2)......................Wang Zhaoqian
6. Prose: Silent High Latitude -- A Vist to North Europe..............Li Rui
7. Letter from Readers: About Translation of Proper names........Huang Liang
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        CND-CM Executive Editor: Hua Xinmin < cnd-cm@sdsc.edu >
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