HDTenEightyP/NetNews huggingface dataset:
From:  elena@tkexc.alma-ata.su (Pogodina Elena)
Subject: <none>
Date: Wed, 14 Oct 1992 10:38:16 GMT
Reply-To: elena@tkexc.alma-ata.su
Organization: Taldy-Kurgan Exchange Getysu

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Newsgroups: sci.geo.fluids
From: rgm4@cunixf.cc.columbia.edu (Raghuram G Murtugudde)
Subject: Bathymetry data
Reply-To: rgm4@cunixf.cc.columbia.edu (Raghuram G Murtugudde)
Organization: Columbia University
Date: Wed, 14 Oct 1992 20:38:21 GMT

Here is the reference to the binary file that has world bathymetry at a
 resolution of 5 minutes by 5 minutes.

 National  Geophysical  Data Center (1988). ETOPO-5 Bathymetry/Topography
Data, Data Announcement 88-MGG-02: National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, U.S. Dept. of Commerce.
From: jasmith@ucsd.edu (jerry smith)
Newsgroups: sci.geo.fluids
Subject: Re: Spectrum of gappy data
Date: 8 Oct 92 16:26:23 GMT
Article-I.D.: network.1b1nffINN20s
Distribution: world
Organization: Scripps Inst. Oceanogr.
NNTP-Posting-Host: jerry.ucsd.edu
X-UserAgent: Nuntius v1.1.1d12
X-XXMessage-ID: <A6F9AF9B770115E4@jerry.ucsd.edu>
X-XXDate: Thu, 8 Oct 92 17:27:55 GMT

In article <1992Oct8.152654.17216@news.miami.edu> Arthur Mariano, 
mariano@sgrmag.rsmas.miami.edu writes:
>An AR(1) filter or Markov model can either
>act as a high or low pass filter, while an AR(2m) model is used for
>detecting m sinusoids. Many oceanographic data sets are red and have
>significant energy in a broad mesoscale range. AR methods which use

I don't know why there is so much confusion about this.  The same is
true of the FFT.  The FFT of the covariances is identical to the squared
FFT of the time series, in the case of regularly spaced data.  This is
a mathematical identity.  However, when there are many gaps in the data,
it is still usually possible to form a "complete" set of covariances to
transform into a power spectrum.  (The number of degrees of freedom in
each estimate of the covariance varies according to the gaps, etc., so
there may be some subtleties in assigning confidence limits.)

For either approach, squaring the FFT of the timeseries or FFTing the 
covariances, it is probably wise to separate the mean and trend from
the data first.  Cheers,

	-jerry
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
From: jaume@ldgo.columbia.edu (steven jaume)
Subject: Re: Egyptian quake
Summary: speculations on tectonics, etc
Organization: Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory
Date: Tue, 13 Oct 1992 14:31:28 GMT


This is just my $0.02 worth.

I looked in the Preliminary Determination of Epicenter EQ catalog put
out by the USGS, and found that previous earthquakes in northern Egypt
all appear to occur east of Cairo in the Suez canal region.  This isn't
surprising if one believes that the Red Sea rift is "propogating" into
this region.  Can any tectonics people out there check up on this?

But the recent EQ near Cairo is the only one I can find that far west
of the Suez canal, at least in the past 20-25 years (when the PDE catalog
starts).  I've also examined several seismograms, both here in Palisades,
NY, plus digital seismograms available thru IRIS from Harvard, MA; College,
AK; KONO in Norway, and MAJO in Japan.  The body waves (from which the
5.9 magnitude was calculated) are relatively large compared to the surface
waves, suggesting that this was a "high stress drop" earthquake (translation
- high stress drop = a large amount of slip on a relatively small fault).
From Scholz, 1990, p. 186, fig 4.13 - high stress drop eqs are more 
characteristic of intraplate rather than plate boundary eqs.  These type
of earthquakes also generate relatively more high frequency ground motion,
the kind most damaging to structures.

These are just some quick and dirty speculations based on not very much data,
I expect there are a number of people who are going to be looking into this
earthquake in the near future (if they haven't already started), both from
an earthquake source and earthquake hazards point of view.

Steve
jaume@lamont.ldgo.columbia.edu
From: alanj@cc.usu.edu
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
Subject: Re: Mineral Cleavage
Date: 7 Oct 92 19:51:09 MDT
Organization: Utah State University

In article <1992Oct7.215800.9706@morrow.stanford.edu>, karish@pangea.Stanford.EDU (Chuck Karish) writes:
> In article <1992Oct7.134836.59513@cc.usu.edu> alanj@cc.usu.edu writes:
>>I have been assigned a TA here at Utah State teaching labs for Introductory
>>Geology.  The main problem I have encountered so far is teaching the concept of
>>mineral cleavage.
> 
> What sort of problems do people have with the concept?  Do they
> confuse crystal growth surfaces with cleavages?

Yes, they can see clevage in mica but they do not understand why it isn't
clevage in quartz.  A few students understand, most get the general picture,
but there are a few who cannot visualize it.
 
> Nothing you do will enable all your students to be able to
> visualize cleavage planes in 3-D and understand their
> intersections.

That's for sure.

>>Again remember that most of these students are only in these classes because
>>their major requires it or for physical science GE credit but they need to
>>understand the concept for their upcoming exam.
> 
> If you can motivate students by showing them something
> they think is neat, more power to you.  If not, just
> don't let the more opportunistic of them wear you
> down.
> --

Yea, good idea.  I guess I'll get imaginative.
 
>     Chuck Karish          karish@mindcraft.com
>     (415) 323-9000 x117   karish@forel.stanford.edu
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
From: malcolm@geonet.rice.edu (Mac Ross)
Subject: Re: plate tectonics 
Keywords: Plate Tectonics Computer Programs
Organization: Rice University
Date: Sun, 11 Oct 1992 21:10:35 GMT

A recent posting in sci.geo.geology contained a query about software for
plate tectonic modelling.  A respondent from unocal (R. Ottolini) said:

>>>There is- Terra Mobilis by C. Goetze of UT Austin.  That is six or seven 
>>>years old.  The grand-daddy of all plate tectonics graphics software comes
>>>from Dr. Morgan of Princeton, but this was designed for old-style early 70
>>>computers.  Considerable work has gone on at the University of Chicago.

>>>All the above software were basically line outlines.  I believe UT Texas is
>>>working on shaded relief versions and some part of my company suppports it.
>>>Some shaded relief work, customized to particular regions, has been done at
>>>Stanford and U Penn (cest moi).


I wanted to clear a few things up.  R. Ottolini was correct in stating that 
there is a program called Terra Mobilis (for Macintosh), but some of the
details we incorrect.  The authors of Terra Mobilis are C. Denham and
C. Scotese.  Dr. Scotese is at University of Texas at Arlington and can be
reached at scotese@paleomap.uta.edu.  

Dr. Scotese is leading a research program into plate tectonic modelling.  The
program is called PALEOMAP and is concerned with developing tools and data
sets for plate tectonic modelling.  The latest piece of software developed
by that group is called "Paleogeographic Information System/Mac", and is
intended to replace Terra Mobilis.  The "PGIS/Mac" is a full color polygon
interactive plate tectonic modelling and display system, based on the 
integration of the display concepts of Terra Mobilis and the interactive
information concepts of Geographic Information System. The program is
written by Malcolm I. Ross (me).  For more info, please contact me at
malcolm@geophysics.rice.edu or (713) 660-0231. Software is also available
for interactive real-time 3-d modelling for UNIX computers, but is software
is wire-frame based.


Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology,ca.earthquakes
From: gerard@caliban.soest.hawaii.edu (Gerard Fryer)
Subject: Re: Mineral Cleavage
Organization: Scum Of the Earth and Senile Tenured
Date: Mon, 12 Oct 1992 21:02:53 GMT

In article <1992Oct7.195109.59519@cc.usu.edu>, alanj@cc.usu.edu writes:
|> In article <1992Oct7.215800.9706@morrow.stanford.edu>, karish@pangea.Stanford.EDU (Chuck Karish) writes:
|> > In article <1992Oct7.134836.59513@cc.usu.edu> alanj@cc.usu.edu writes:
|> >>I have been assigned a TA here at Utah State teaching labs for Introductory
|> >>Geology.  The main problem I have encountered so far is teaching the concept of
|> >>mineral cleavage.
|> > 
|> > What sort of problems do people have with the concept?  Do they
|> > confuse crystal growth surfaces with cleavages?
|> 
|> Yes, they can see clevage in mica but they do not understand why it isn't
|> clevage in quartz.  A few students understand, most get the general picture,
|> but there are a few who cannot visualize it.
|>  
[stuff deleted]

The best way to explain the lack of cleavage in quartz (and its crystal
faces for that matter) is to show them one of those ball-and-rod models
of the quartz structure.  One look at the interlocking tetrahedra and
they should be able to grasp why quartz has no cleavage.  Do the same
for micas (though just show the tetrahedra!) and they'll understand.
-- 
Gerard Fryer  (g.fryer@soest.hawaii.edu)
School of Ocean & Earth Science & Technology
University of Hawaii at Manoa
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
From: toma@hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov (Tom Atwater)
Subject: Re: least likely to get a tremor
Organization: Code 916, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Date: Fri, 9 Oct 1992 12:51:18 GMT

In article <1992Oct9.002638.2285@merrimack.edu> nin15b63@merrimack.edu (THE WOLF) writes:
>Which areas of the USA have the lowest levels of earthquake/tremor activity? 

Judging by a map in "Places Rated Almanac" (1983 ed.), the Great Plains
and the Southeast.
From: tffreeba@indyvax.iupui.edu
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
Subject: Short Question
Date: 13 Oct 92 10:07:32 -0500

Does anyone know if there has been any higher than background seismic
activity in the Kuzbass region of Southwestern Siberia lately? (6 mo.)
Or do you know who I could contact to find out?

Thanks in advance,
Thomas Freebairn    
Please contact:  TFFREEBA@INDYVAX.IUPUI.EDU

Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
From: oddinge@itek.norut.no (Odd-Inge Larsen)
Subject: Vector Product Format
Organization: FORUT Information Technology
Date: Wed, 7 Oct 1992 10:49:42 GMT
Reply-To: oddinge@itek.norut.no (Odd-Inge Larsen)


Does anybody have a description file of the Vector Product Format wich they could mail me?

--
     ___         __     __
    / _ \       /_/\   / /\                    ODD-INGE LARSEN
   / / \ \     _\_\/  / / /         
  / /  / /\   / /\   / / /                     UNIVERSITY of TROMSOE
 / /  / / /  / / /  / / /           
 \ \_/ / /  / / /  / /_/___                    NORWAY
  \___/ /  /_/ /  /_______/\       
   \__\/   \_\/   \_______\/                   EMAIL: oddinge@itek.norut.no
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology,sci.geo.meteology
From: cain@geomag.gly.fsu.edu (Joe Cain)
Subject: Re: Magnetic Shifts, Climate, and Evolution
Followup-To: sci.geo.geology
Organization: Florida State University Geology Dept.
Date: Wed, 7 Oct 92 16:25:42 GMT

In article <1992Oct6.231553.2278@merrimack.edu> nin15b63@merrimack.edu (THE WOLF) writes:
>Is the reason for the current discussion on magnetic shifts and ice
>ages because there is any evidence that these things are about to occur?

	The decay rate of the geomagnetic dipole has increased from
about 15 nT/year averaged over the past century to about 20-25 nT/year
over the past two decades. This represents a possible increase from .5%
per year to say 0.7%/year. The averge drop according to a table in
Merrill and McIlhinney's book over the past 1000 years
was of the order of .03 % per year. Thus the decrease does appear to
have been accelerating on the average.  This does not itself imply the
imminence of a reversal or "excursion" as such an extrapolation to
zero within a few centuries as the detailed past behavior is not known
well enough to observe how common are such vagarities in rate.

	I know of no correlation between low magnetic field and ice
ages. My understanding of such climate changes is that they are
related to the effects of changes in the Earth's orbital parameters
(location of the equinoxes, obliquity, eccentricity). The only
variable I can speculate might be related to possible changes in
climate would be due to changes in the solar-terrestrial environment.
There are documented correlations between changes in
weather patterns and geomagnetic storms. However, this has not been
worked out further because, like Wegener's ideas on plate tectonics,
there is presently no viable mechanism, nor even adequate and detailed
data. 


Joseph Cain		cain@geomag.gly.fsu.edu
cain@fsu.bitnet		scri::cain
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
From: stgprao@st.unocal.COM (Richard Ottolini)
Subject: Re: Magnetic Shifts, Climate, and Evolution
Organization: Unocal Corporation
Distribution: usa
Date: Wed, 7 Oct 1992 20:05:29 GMT

In article <1992Oct6.231553.2278@merrimack.edu> nin15b63@merrimack.edu (THE WOLF) writes:
>I'm new to the group and the thread.  Is the reason for the current discussion
>on magnetic shifts and ice ages because there is any evidence that these things
>are about to occur?

They ARE occuring, but that is not necessarily cause for alarm.

We have been in an ice age for a million or so years.  Currently we are in what
is called an inter-glacial or gap between major excursions of the ice sheets.
Our re-engineering of the atmosphere by adding greenhouse gasses may change
this.

The strength of the magnetic field- the dipole component- has declined about 8-10% since it was first measured 200 years ago.  Some paleomagnetic intensity
measurements of archeological artifacts hint the decline has been more than
that.  A simple linear extrapolation of the decline indicate the field will
disappear around 4000 AD.  However, detailed measurements of ancient reversals
show the magnetic field does not get close to zero- it just declines some and
then scrambles for a while.  I think some biologists have looked for deleterious
effects of reversals, but haven't found any.  It might screw up our compasses
and AM radios, but satellites are replacing those as of now.
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
From: cleavy@pangea.Stanford.EDU (Cleavy McKnight)
Subject: Re: least likely to get a tremor
Keywords: quake, tremor, safe, turbidity
Organization: Stanford Univ. Earth Sciences
Date: Thu, 15 Oct 1992 23:46:13 GMT

In article <18040@ucdavis.ucdavis.edu> helm@jade.ucdavis.edu writes:
>
>I myself would vote on New England, though the magnitude 7 that happened
>off the shelf of Newfoundland isn't too reassuring (caused, I believe,
>by a turbidite flow)
>

     Woops!  Let's check cause and effect here.  The earthquake caused the
     turbidity flow, not vice versa.
From: ST101137@BROWNVM.BROWN.EDU (Lee Silverman)
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
Subject: Looking for used Mineralogy text...
Date: 7 Oct 92 20:45:57 GMT

I'm looking for a recent edition of Klein & Hulbert's "Manual
of Mineralogy," and rather than go out and spend $55+, I thought I'd
check here to see if anyone had one they weren't using.  Please
email me if you're interested.

Lee Silverman
Pandion@Brown.edu
From: cowen@jade.ucdavis.edu
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
Subject: Egypt Quake
Date: 15 Oct 92 16:56:10 GMT
Reply-To: cowen@jade.ucdavis.edu
Organization: Geology Department, University of California, Davis

It seems to my uninformed mind that there is a strong possibility the
Cairo earthquake was human-induced. Here's the basis for the suggestion.
1. We know that injecting fluid into a fault that's under stress can
set off earthquakes. This happpened by accident under Denver when the
US Army disposed of its surplus toxic chemicals from the Rocky Mountain
arsenal deep into a fault zone: earthquakes up to magnitude 5 began
to shake up the citizens. It happened deliberately in a controlled
experiment in the Rangeley oil field in ?Colorado/Wyoming?: as water
was injected, earthquakes increased, and as water injection was stopped,
earthquakes died away. Analogous earthquakes have occurred under and
around new dams as the reservoirs behind them filled with water: notable
cases include Lake Mead, Lake Kariba, Nurek, Kremasta (Greece), and
probably Koyna (India) and Oroville, California. In each of these cases
the earthquakes occurred in areas that had had little historical
activity.
2. We know that the Cairo area has had more water spilled on it in
recent years than it ever has. The High Aswan Dam was finally filled
around 1960, and new areas were opened up for irrigation *year-round*
instead of seasonally. Furthermore, the population of Cairo has soared
in recent decades as the Egyptians ran into the same Third-World
crowd-into-the-capital syndrome as many other African and South
American countries. This means more water, more sewage, pouring into
the ground under and around Cairo. We know that many monuments in and
around Cairo, most notoriously the Sphinx, are severely threatened
by rising levels of ground water which also contains damaging salts
as it evaporates. Altogether, then, more water delivered into the
sediments underlying Cairo is not only a fact, but a very recent one.
3. Gossip suggests that the Cairo earthquake was a large stress drop
on a small fault.

All that adds up in my mind to the case that this earthquake is human
induced, part of the syndrome of poorly planned irrigation, poorly
planned metropolitan expansion, that characterizes Egypt in general
and Cairo in particular. If true, it would be a major new geological
hazard for the textbooks, to be added to dam-induced and injection-
induced earthquakes.

Any comments from *real* seismlogists?

Richard Cowen, Department of Geology, University of Californoia, Davis
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
From: ricky@danebury.hursley.ibm.com ()
Subject: Egyptian quake
Date: Tue, 13 Oct 92 07:34:02 GMT
Organization: IBM T. J. Watson Research

The quake has a reported magnitude of 5.9 here in the UK, centered about
20 miles south of Cairo (which would put it more or less in Giza, one of the
more over-populated suburbs). Effects were felt as far away as Jerusalem,
or about 300 miles to the ENE. As of this morning (UK time) the death toll
was 400 and still climbing; there were many building failures including a
school and at least one high rise block.

From the location of the epicenter I would guess that this quake is associated
with the rifting going on in that part of the world (around the red sea and
related features).

Rick
From: tffreeba@indyvax.iupui.edu
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
Subject: The true cause & yakity yak
Date: 16 Oct 92 11:42:35 -0500

Mea Culpa from Hoosiers everywhere.  First the V.P. now this.

News flash:  (Although I think you may have suspected it.) The Seismic
Research Assn. of Newport, Indiana has no phone # you can get from the
operator.  (Of course, their research may be so hush hush that their
phone is unlisted.)

My new rule to live by: See a subject header in all caps... ignore.

Do you think that when he mentions "seperation of planets" he is talking
about Bodes "rule?"  Pseudo-science types are forever invoking Bode in their
theories without noticing that astronomy long ago decided that his "rule"
was not a law of physics.

T.F.Freebairn
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
From: kyrsten@eos.arc.nasa.gov (Kyrsten Swazey)
Subject: Magnetic Shifts, Climate, and Evolution
Organization: NASA Ames Research Center
Date: Wed, 7 Oct 1992 21:51:30 GMT

OK - I've been doing some semi-non-scientific pondering on this subject
and thought i may as well post my "proposition" to some semi-scientific
people.  I'll try to explain as best i can without scratch paper to
doodle on.
My archaeology professor stated that the pole reversals were possibly
attributable to magma sloshing around in the earth's core.  Iron magma,
i believe, which would "cause" the pole reversals as it slooshed from
relatively one side to the other. And, from what my non-scientific brain
has gathered from these postings, the transitional period causes the
magnetosphere to fluctuate.  Specifically, to weaken, correct?  Which
would allow more solar radiation to enter the earth's atmosphere, which
could increase the earth's temperature, thus inducing a cooling trend:
an ice age.
Now astronomy comes into play.  The sun has cycles.  There are 11-year
ones which i kinda think of as days.  But there are also much longer,
more pronounced ones ("years"?!?).  So, the sun could be fluctuating in
a relatively regular manner which, over billions of years, gradually
slows and becomes less pronounced.  Perhaps the reason why magnetic
shifts are not *always* connected with ice ages is due to these solar
fluctuations.  The situation is only *sometimes* ideal.
The connection between glaciations and evolution is relatively
well-established, correct?
What about the fact that glaciations are apparently coming in closer
succession?
I'm visualizing these processes as levels of continua, with individual
variations within each conceeded.  Any comments?  Am i over-simplifying
matters?
I apologize for the non-technical mumbo, but hope i was at least
*somewhat* clear! 
Xref: sparky sci.geo.geology:2131 sci.astro:10791 sci.research:1178
From: gellasch@emunix.emich.edu (Chris Gellasch)
Subject: Re: Magnetic Shifts, Climate, and Evolution
Organization: Indiana University
Date: Thu, 8 Oct 1992 00:46:51 GMT

In article <1992Oct7.215130.22194@eos.arc.nasa.gov> kyrsten@eos.arc.nasa.gov (Kyrsten Swazey) writes:
>The connection between glaciations and evolution is relatively
>well-established, correct?

For the most part, periods of glacial activity appear to force evolutionary
change and mass extinction.

>What about the fact that glaciations are apparently coming in closer
>succession?

What fact?  A.G. Fischer states that cycles between "greenhouse" and 
"icehouse" periods is roughly 300 million years.  There has been little
variation in this and it seems to be linked to the relative positions 
of the continents to each other.  For the reference see my last post.

>I'm visualizing these processes as levels of continua, with individual
>variations within each conceeded.  Any comments?  Am i over-simplifying
>matters?
>I apologize for the non-technical mumbo, but hope i was at least
>*somewhat* clear! 

The problem with lumping all of the variables together is that the proof
of the effect of any one cause is difficult to achieve.

Chris Gellasch
Dept. of Geological Sciences
Indiana University

cgellasc@ucs.indiana.edu   (use this address)


-- 
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chris Gellasch                                        gellasch@emunix.emich.edu
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology