HDTenEightyP/NetNews huggingface dataset:
From: oliver@vf.jsc.nasa.gov
Subject: Re: Space suit research?
Organization: NASA Johnson Space Center
Distribution: sci
Date: 17 Nov 92 10:42:19 -0600

In article <BxMxsF.GA0.1@cs.cmu.edu> roberts@cmr.ncsl.nist.gov (John Roberts) writes:
>-was a Very Good Thing.
>
>Thanks for the confirmation. 8.4 psi sounds plausible - 10.2 seemed a little
>high, since they always depressurize somewhat in preparation for an EVA.
>
>Anyone recall whether there was an unusually high rate of equipment
>failure for that flight that might be associated with the lower pressure?
>(Other than the fax machine jamming as usual, of course. :-) I remember
>that one or more of the cargo bay lights burned out, but that wouldn't
>be pressure-related.

The orbiter cabin pressure can not be set to 8.4 psi.  The normal cabin
pressure is 14.7 psi (sealevel).  Prior to a planned EVA the cabin pressure
is lowered to 10.2 psi.  If the cabin depress occurs more than 36 hours prior
to the EVA then the mask prebreathe by the EVA crewmembers is not required.

For normal mission operations, only the 14.7 and 10.2 psi regulators are used.
For emergency operations, the orbiter has an 8 psi regulator that is capable
of maintaining a cabin pressure of 8 psi with a two inch hole in the cabin.
Enough nitrogen and oxygen are kept in reserve to allow for an emergency
deorbit and entry with the cabin at the reduced pressure.

-- 

Pat Oliver -  	Lockheed Engineering and Sciences Company at NASA JSC
		OLIVER@vf.jsc.nasa.gov
		All standard disclamers apply.
Newsgroups: sci.space
From: bbbehr@sunspot.noao.edu (Bradford B. Behr)
Subject: Re: ROTATION OF THE MOON
Organization: National Solar Observatory/SP, Sunspot NM, USA
Date: Thu, 19 Nov 92 18:57:34 GMT

>> The same thing is happening, much more slowly, to the earth --
>> friction with the tides and within the "solid" earth is slowing the
>> rotation rate by something on the order of 1 sec every century. We can
>> actually measure it (the slowdown) nowadays. Love those atomic clocks!
>
>Do you know if that rate is constant?  Say around 63M years ago,
>around the time of the end of the dinosaurs, the day would have
>been 175 hrs longer!

If the rotation rate is slowing down, then in the past it would have
been faster, and the day would have been shorter, not longer. (I would
guess that your mind thought "shorter" and your fingers typed
"longer".)

Anyway...

I would suspect that the rate of energy loss would depend on the
rotation rate, so the rotation rate would drop off exponentially, or
at least in an asymptotic fashion. Which would mean that 63M years
ago, the day would have been _at least_ 175 hrs _shorter_, and
probably much more.

Hmmm... something fishy there. 24 hrs minus 175 hrs is.... yeah.

OK, so it looks like my 1 sec/century value was incorrect. That'll
teach me to post dimly remembered facts to the net. ("Always... no,
no, _Never_ forget to check your references." -- _Real Genius_, a
great flick).  Regardless, I'm going to do it again. I remember
reading somewhere once that the terran day was once 10 hours. If
anybody out there would like to verify or trash this figure, with a
valid reference, I'd be most appreciative.

Thanks,
Brad

"c = 2.99... no, 55 mph. Yeah! That's the ticket!"
-- 
----------------------------------------------------------------------
  Bradford B. Behr                   bbbehr@sunspot.sunspot.noao.edu
     Sacramento Peak National Solar Observatory, Sunspot NM 88349
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Newsgroups: sci.space
From: mccreary@sword.eng.hou.compaq.com (Ed McCreary)
Subject: Re: FREE-ENERGY TECHNOLOGY For Spacecraft
Organization: Compaq Computer Corp.
Date: Wed, 18 Nov 1992 14:54:25 GMT


Aaarrrrrrggghh!  This has got to be the tenth time I've seen
this damn article!  What gives, do you have a cron job running
that posts the same five articles every week to random newsgroups?

Give it a rest or at least post something new! 

--
====
Ed McCreary                                               ,__o
mccreary@sword.eng.hou.compaq.com                       _-\_<,
"If it were not for laughter, there would be no Tao."  (*)/'(*)
From: clj@ksr.com (Chris Jones)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: Space suit research?
Date: 18 Nov 92 07:17:10 EST
Reply-To: clj@ksr.com (Chris Jones)
Distribution: sci
Organization: Kendall Square Research Corp
In-reply-to: roberts@cmr.ncsl.nist.gov (John Roberts)

In article <BxwA7z.LsH.1@cs.cmu.edu>, roberts@cmr (John Roberts) writes:
>I believe the astronauts normally moved between the Command Module and the
>Lunar Module via a pressurized docking adapter. However, while two of the
>astronauts were on the moon, a camera mounted on the Service Module was
>busy taking beautiful stereo aerial photos of the lunar surface. 

(Aerial?) This was done on the later flights, which spent more time in the
vicinity of the moon.  I recall this started with Apollo 15, but I don't have a
reference handy to confirm that.

>								  When the
>astronauts came back from the moon, one of them had to do an EVA to
>retrieve the film. This is depicted in the NASA Select video of Apollo 16
>(a great video, if you ever have a chance to see it).
>
>I'm not sure whether this was done before or after unsealing the Lunar Module -
>Command Module adapter - I would guess before, so the Command Module would
>not have to be depressurized.

As I recall, the EVA was done on the return trip to earth, after the LM upper
stage had been discarded.  The CM, naturally, was depressurized.  It was the CM
pilot who got to do the EVA (he was owed, after all!).

>Question: was the Lunar Module normally pressurized before takeoff? 

Yes.  It was repressurized basically immediately after every EVA so the
astronauts could take off their helmets and gloves.

>								     And
>after the film EVA, was it pressurized again before unsealing the docking
>adapter?

See above.
--
Chris Jones    clj@ksr.com
From: irwin@juliet.caltech.edu (Horowitz, Irwin Kenneth)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: ISU
Date: 23 Nov 1992 12:35 PST
Organization: California Institute of Technology
Distribution: world
NNTP-Posting-Host: juliet.caltech.edu
News-Software: VAX/VMS VNEWS 1.41    

In article <1992Nov23.131506.7103@magnus.acs.ohio-state.edu>, skoester@magnus.acs.ohio-state.edu (Scott A Koester) writes...
>   I am highly interested in obtaining information about the International 
>Space University, anyone know who I can contact and where? Valid email 
>addresses would work also.  Give me responses in email please, i would greatly 
>appreciate it. Thanks everyone....
> 
Folks,
	Just to follow up on the message I sent out last week.  The person to 
contact at ISU is Mr. Steve Abrams and his e-mail address should be:
		abrams@isu.isunet.edu
I had the incorrect e-mail address in my post last week.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Irwin Horowitz                        |
Astronomy Department                  |"Whoever heard of a female astronomer?"
California Institute of Technology    |--Charlene Sinclair, "Dinosaurs"
irwin@iago.caltech.edu                |
ih@deimos.caltech.edu                 |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Newsgroups: sci.space
From: jdahl@rchland.vnet.ibm.com (Jared Dahl)
Subject: Re: Lunar "colony" reality check
Date: Mon, 16 Nov 1992 22:54:48 GMT
Distribution: sci
Disclaimer: This posting represents the poster's views, not necessarily those of IBM
Organization: IBM Rochester

In article <14NOV199214270653@judy.uh.edu>, wingo%cspara.decnet@Fedex.Msfc.Nasa.Gov writes:
|> 
|> I like it. I like it. Yea we have looked at Lava tubes. I have some great 
|> pictures of lava tubes from Lunar Orbiter IV. This is a prime area for the
|> Artemis rover missions to the moon. No one knows what is down there and in
|> them.  One of the Apollo missions visited a collapsed lave tube(Hadley Rille)
|> 
|> Lave Tubes have been presented as a solution to the problem of a lunar habitat.
|> We could just go into the tubes and block of the ends however far apart we 
|> wanted and seal em and set up shop. Would be kinda  boring after a while but
|> would be a good save haven from Solar flares. Lotsa possiblities on the moon
|> what is lacking is will power to accomplish the task. Would'nt this be a lot
|> more fun than war?

Not cheaper though...

What really needs to be done is more research.  You don't just buy a
house after you drive by it a few times.  You go inside, look in the
basement and attic, check it out for termites.  We need to do the
same thing on the moon.  We need to start sending surveying missions
to located mineral deposits and volatiles.  Apollo taught us a lot
about the moon, but it was hardly enough.

-- 
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
| Jared Dahl             | "My heart is human, my blood is boiling, | 
| Systems Programmer     |  my brain IBM"                           |
| IBM - Rochester, MN    |              -- STYX,  "Mr. Roboto"      |
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
Opinions expressed are mine, not IBM's.
Newsgroups: sci.space
From: roberts@cmr.ncsl.nist.gov (John Roberts)
Subject: Scientific method (followup)
X-Added: Forwarded by Space Digest
Organization: National Institute of Standards and Technology formerly National Bureau of Standards
Original-Sender: isu@VACATION.VENARI.CS.CMU.EDU
Distribution: sci
Date: Fri, 20 Nov 1992 06:45:21 GMT


For those who *insist* on the classical method of development of theory
followed by testing for previously unobserved supporting phenomena, the
current condition of HST offers a priceless opportunity. They can develop
their hypotheses now, then after the installation of WF/PC II and COSTAR,
they can look again in more detail. (This was discussed on Thursday with
respect to the discovery of the accretion disk.)

John Roberts
roberts@cmr.ncsl.nist.gov

Newsgroups: sci.space
From: moroney@ramblr.enet.dec.com
Subject: Re: What kind of computers are in the shuttle?
Organization: Digital Equipment Corporation
Date: Tue, 17 Nov 1992 01:52:57 GMT

In article <18741@ksr.com>, jfw@ksr.com (John F. Woods) writes...
>Rad-hard SRAM, 50 bits of ECC for each 32 bits of memory, *and* a background
>scrub cycle every two seconds.  They didn't buy this at "BACK OF THE TRUCK
>PEECEES, LIMITED", nosir!

Interesting.  Would you happen to know how many errors this memory can detect
and correct?

-Mike
From: Frederick.A.Ringwald@dartmouth.edu (Frederick A. Ringwald)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: COSTAR
Date: 15 Nov 92 13:56:50 GMT
Organization: Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH
X-Posted-From: InterNews1.0a5@newshost.dartmouth.edu

In article <Bxor9M.Jq6.1@cs.cmu.edu>
roberts@cmr.ncsl.nist.gov (John Roberts) writes:

> Are they the same company that makes mason jars? (The logo appears to 
> be the same.)

They are indeed. Also aluminum cans - next time you see a Coke can,
look for the same, familiar logo. I visited their plant in Boulder,
Colorado, in 1989 summer, as part of a Solar physics summer school held
by the National Center for Atmospheric Research/High Altitude
Observatory. They showed us the CREES satellite, being assembled, and
the technology for the IRAS and other micro-g liquid helium dewars,
which they developed. I'm not sure what this has to do with applesauce
or currants, but who knows, with big corporations?
Newsgroups: sci.space
From: dj@ekcolor.ssd.kodak.com (Dave Jones)
Subject: Re: Shuttle computers
Organization: Vonnegut Tent Rentals, Inc.
X-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.1 PL7]
Date: Mon, 23 Nov 92 22:25:10 GMT

Henry Spencer (henry@zoo.toronto.edu) wrote:
> In article <keithley-211192203501@kip2-41.apple.com> keithley@apple.com (Craig Keithley) writes:
> >> It's not a cycle-by-cycle lockstep like some redundant systems.  Every
> >> couple of milliseconds, the four computers in the main redundant set
> >> compare notes...
> >
> >I seem to recall that this is correct; that the four computers running the
> >same code are on something like a 40ms main event loop...
> 
> When I said "every couple of milliseconds", I meant it. :-)  It's actually
> about 440 cycles per second, which may be what you're remembering.  This

If its *exactly* 440 Hz then it gives a whole new meaning to "keeping things
in tune".......


--
||------------------------------------------------------------------------
||Dave Jones (dj@ekcolor.ssd.kodak.com)|Eastman Kodak Co. Rochester, NY  |
Newsgroups: sci.space,sci.astro,alt.sci.planetary
From: henry@zoo.toronto.edu (Henry Spencer)
Subject: Re: Magellan Update - 11/20/92
Date: Sat, 21 Nov 1992 20:39:32 GMT
Organization: U of Toronto Zoology

In article <1ellrpINNh2a@rave.larc.nasa.gov> claudio@nmsb.larc.nasa.gov (Claudio Egalon) writes:
>I have a question about the aerobraking maneuver that the Magellan 
>will perform; Is there any possibility that any of the components of 
>the Magellan be damaged during this maneuver??? ...

It's a concern.  This is why Magellan aerobraking would be done gradually
over many orbits, rather than in one blazing high-drag pass.  Magellan isn't
really designed for it.

>BTW, I think Magellan will become the first spacecraft to conduct an 
>aerobraking maneuver to change its orbit, right???

Wrong.  Hiten -- the Japanese engineering-test mission that's been batting
around the Earth-Moon system for a couple of years -- did a small Earth
aerobraking maneuver in spring 1991.
-- 
MS-DOS is the OS/360 of the 1980s.      | Henry Spencer @ U of Toronto Zoology
              -Hal W. Hardenbergh (1985)|  henry@zoo.toronto.edu  utzoo!henry
From: clj@ksr.com (Chris Jones)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: Aerobraking [was Re: Magellan Update - 11/20/92]
Date: 22 Nov 92 12:33:07 EST
Reply-To: clj@ksr.com (Chris Jones)
Organization: Kendall Square Research Corp
In-reply-to: henry@zoo.toronto.edu (Henry Spencer)

In article <By3988.Bpu@zoo.toronto.edu>, henry@zoo (Henry Spencer) writes:
>In article <19117@ksr.com> clj@ksr.com (Chris Jones) writes:
>>>>BTW, I think Magellan will become the first spacecraft to conduct an 
>>>>aerobraking maneuver to change its orbit, right???
>>>Wrong.  Hiten ... did a small Earth aerobraking maneuver in spring 1991.
>>
>>At least two of the Soviet circumlunar Zond flights used an aerobraking
>>maneuver to minimize the G forces on reentry...
>
>All the Apollo lunar missions, and various other spacecraft, likewise did
>two-phase reentries.  But maneuvering during reentry is not normally referred
>to as aerobraking, and such reentries are *not* composed of two separate
>encounters with the atmosphere; they're one encounter following a complex
>down-up-down trajectory.

At least one reference I checked *did* call it aerobraking.  All referred to it
as a skip reentry.  The claim is that the Zonds entered, left, and reentered
the atmosphere; whether you count this as one encounter or two is a matter of
semantics.  I haven't heard the Apollo maneuver described as a skip reentry
(though one reference did say Apollo flew a similar trajectory).

>
>The question was about *changing orbits* with aerobraking.

I was adding information, not contradicting what had been posted previously
(unlike you, I didn't start my reply with "Wrong.")
--
Chris Jones    clj@ksr.com
Newsgroups: sci.space
From: henry@zoo.toronto.edu (Henry Spencer)
Subject: Re: COSTAR
Date: Mon, 16 Nov 1992 00:57:30 GMT
Organization: U of Toronto Zoology

In article <Bxs381.M9v.1@cs.cmu.edu> roberts@cmr.ncsl.nist.gov (John Roberts) writes:
>Also, I'm not sure where WF/PC is located relative to the other instruments.

WF/PC and the fine guidance sensors are arranged around the light path --
with pickoff mirrors directing part of the image into them -- just ahead
of the four big instruments.  Essentially, there's a ring of equipment
around the light path, divided into four quadrants, three for the FGSs
and one for the WF/PC.
-- 
MS-DOS is the OS/360 of the 1980s.      | Henry Spencer @ U of Toronto Zoology
              -Hal W. Hardenbergh (1985)|  henry@zoo.toronto.edu  utzoo!henry
Newsgroups: sci.space
From: 18084TM@msu.edu (Tom)
Subject: Moon Capture Theory
X-Added: Forwarded by Space Digest
Organization: [via International Space University]
Original-Sender: isu@VACATION.VENARI.CS.CMU.EDU
Distribution: sci
Date: Thu, 19 Nov 1992 22:41:45 GMT


>I seem to remember some theory a while back that the moon was actually
>*captured* by Earth at some stage (I think it was about 800 million
>years ago), which also has corollaries in some of the very early
>human legends. That would lead to the assumption that the moon would
>be of a different composition than Earth, with possibly greater concentrations
>of elements (mineable (sp?) quantities). This would change the picture
>somewhat, when you assume that the only mineral explorations done on
>the lunar surface were conducted in the equivalent of the Sahara.

This seems a rather shaky theory on first look.  For the Earth to capture
something the size of the moon, and yet stay in the same orbit, and a
nearly circular one at that, seems highly unlikely.  I could imagine a
moon of a relatively small mass being captured, with no major orbital
effects, and I can imagine an Earth with a very elliptical orbit having
it's orbit circularized by the capture, but the former isn't the case,
if the capture was after the period of planet formation, and the latter
is incredibly unlikely, since the timing would have to be so good.  And
where did this to-be-captured moon form in the first place?

If the moon was already in the solar system (low velocity, relative to the
Earth) how did it get here?  If it wasn't in the solar system, it's
momentum would be huge, and an interaction would throw the Earth out of.
a stable orbit, no?

Has anyone heard of a fleshing-out of this theory?  Does it use simulations,
of is it based just on legends, or what?

Of course, while everyone is discussing cheaper or better ways to colonize
the moon, why not discuss cheaper and better ways to answer these questions
about lunar composition?  Seems to me that spending $$ to design a lunar
colony (as I understand NASA did/is doing) without knowing what's available
is the ultimate 'putting-your-eggs-in-one-basket'.

> Wayne Harvey
> wharvey@gucis.cit.gu.edu.au

-Tommy Mac
-----------------------------============================================
Tom McWilliams              | What a tangled web we weave, when at   ". |
18084tm@ibm.cl.msu.edu      |              ,  .first we .practice .*'  .|
(517) 355-2178 -or- 353-2986|            '. '  . . to decieve    ,      |
a scrub Astronomy undergrad | After that, the  ,          +             |
at Michigan State University| improvement is tremendous! '.  , .'       |
------------------------------===========================================
From: 0004244402@mcimail.com (Karl Dishaw)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Shuttle Replacement
Date: 23 Nov 92 04:10:35 GMT
Article-I.D.: cs.By5IAH.21o.1
Distribution: sci
Organization: [via International Space University]
X-Added: Forwarded by Space Digest
Original-Sender: isu@VACATION.VENARI.CS.CMU.EDU

Has the shuttle ever lifted more than 20 tons (vs. the rated capacity
of 30 tons)?  I was looking through a space almanac once and noticed all
the flights with payload weights given were around 15-20 tons.

Karl
kdishaw@mcimail.com

"Sold my soul to Uncle Sam . . . now marked down for resale."
From: c23st@kocrsv01.delcoelect.com (Spiros Triantafyllopoulos)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: What kind of computers are in the shuttle?
Date: 15 Nov 92 16:24:44 GMT
Distribution: sci
Organization: Delco Electronics Corp.

In article <1992Nov14.165511.23013@murdoch.acc.Virginia.EDU> rbw3q@rayleigh.mech.Virginia.EDU (Brad Whitehurst) writes:
>	I'm sure that they have to be rad-hard, vibration resistant,
>and otherwise much tougher than Compaqs.  I seem to remember that the
>old computer's memory was the old style magnetic "core" memory.  Is
>that correct?  And what kind of memory does the new unit use?  That
>could explain a lot of the power consumption!  I recall that when
>designed, radiation induced errors in semiconductor RAM was a big
>worry.  Somebody in the know can verify/correct this impression.

Yes. 

In fact, one of our divisions still makes 'core' memory, or today's
equivalent, for just that reason. 

The analogy presented is the same one as when microprocessors
found their way from TRS-80 or IBM PC compatibles began making their
way into cars. We don't have the radiation problem of course :-) but
have lots of all the other problems to worry about; I don't know how
close to space-spec our stuff is but the specs of what goes under the
hood are fairly tough...

Spiros
-- 
Spiros Triantafyllopoulos                    c23st@kocrsv01.delcoelect.com
Software Technology, Delco Electronics       (317) 451-0815
GM Hughes Electronics, Kokomo, IN 46904      [A Different Kind of Disclaimer]
Newsgroups: sci.space
From: clarke@acme.ucf.edu (Thomas Clarke)
Subject: Pumpless Liquid Rocket?
Organization: University of Central Florida
Date: Mon, 23 Nov 1992 16:08:59 GMT

I was thinking about the problem
of pumping in a liquid fuel rocket
and wondered if there might be an
alternative to fragile turbo pumps
or heavy pressurized tanks.

Consider:

 ______
|      |
|      |
|      |  Tankage
|      |  Depth D
|      |   Area A
 \    /
  \  /
   ||
   ||
   || 	  Connecting
   ||      Pipe
   ||    Length L
   ||
  _||_
 |    |   Thrust Chamber
  \  /     Area T
  /  \
 /    \
   
That is connect the tankage to the rocket engine
with a long pipe.  When accelerating (or at 
rest in a gravity field) hydrostatic pressure
at bottom of pipe can be fairly high - like a 
water tower.  I think if L/D > A/T, then
the pressure caused by the acceleration should
be sufficient to operate the engine with
enough thrust to cause the acceleration to ...

No pumps!  Startup could be a problem though,
especially in free fall.  I envision sort
of a flying water tower with the long pipe
perhaps stiffened by guy wires as in a
sailboat mast.

Has this ever been tried?

--
Thomas Clarke
Institute for Simulation and Training, University of Central FL
12424 Research Parkway, Suite 300, Orlando, FL 32826
(407)658-5030, FAX: (407)658-5059, clarke@acme.ucf.edu
Newsgroups: sci.space
From: roelle@uars_mag.jhuapl.edu (Curtis Roelle)
Subject: Re: Breasts in zero-g
Organization: Johns Hopkins University
Distribution: sci
Date: 18 Nov 92 19:59:31 GMT

thep_t@garbo.sunet.se (MAGNUS OLSSON) writes:

>I know this may sound like a weird kind of question, but we were discussing
>a comment in an SciFi book about the effect of zero-gravity on a female 
>characters breasts, and started wondering what really happens to womens 
>breasts in space.  Do women astronauts need to wear bras, for example?

This is not my area but I will try and firmly grasp the subject on
your behalf.  This is a personal hypothesis:

A coworker once commented that he found it pleasing viewing the hair
of the late Judy Resnik, shown in the shuttle on the NASA select T.V.
In zero-g her hair appeared full of body, and he was attracted to it.

I suspect that the same applies with breasts.  Without gravity they
tend to seek their own level such that the plane that includes the
radial axis of each breast, as well as the darker compexioned exterior
frontal discs, rotates upward, away from the waistline, so as to align
themselves perpendicularly to the spine.  Without a gravitational tug,
their shape changes from conical to globular.  The use of a brazier is
still required, although the flight version differs from the
terrestrial standard in that instead of lifting the breasts upward it
pulls them downward, keeping them out of the face.

The astronaut performs special isometric exercises to maintain muscle
tone of the pectoral area.  However, when examined upon their return
to a 1g environment, the breasts may be found to sag slightly more
than they did when in pre-flight condition.  This problem should
correct itself in time.






Newsgroups: sci.space