HDTenEightyP/NetNews huggingface dataset:
From: burtt@comet.nscl.msu.edu (BRIAN BURTT)
Subject: Re: information request
News-Software: VAX/VMS VNEWS 1.41    
Organization: NSCL Michigan State University
Date:  7 Nov 1992 01:47 EDT  

In article <Bx9HrB.rr@world.std.com>, fhapgood@world.std.com (Fred Hapgood) writes...
> 
>What's the weight in grams of a single hydrogen atom?

Within a few thousands of a gram, 1 mol of protium atoms (protium=hydrogen
w/ 1 proton and 0 neutrons in the nucleus, by far the most common variety)
has a mass of 1 gram. 1 mol of H atoms has 6.02x10^23 atoms, so 1 atom
has a mass of 1 g per mol / 6.02x10^23 atoms per mol = 1.66x10^-24 g.

--Brian Burtt
Undergraduate major in physics and mathematics
Michigan State University
From: jhcooper@ocf.berkeley.edu (John Hutton Cooper)
Newsgroups: sci.misc
Subject: Re: MAGLEV trains in the US
Date: 6 Nov 1992 00:26:06 GMT
Organization: U. C. Berkeley Open Computing Facility
NNTP-Posting-Host: lightning.berkeley.edu

I do remember reading an article about MAGLEV in Scientific American
no too long ago.

Newsgroups: sci.misc
From: msunde01@mik.uky.edu (Mark  Underwood)
Subject: Re: Human bodies explode in vacuum?
Reply-To: msunde01@mik.uky.edu
Organization: University Of Kentucky, Dept. of Math Sciences
Date: Fri, 6 Nov 1992 19:52:39 GMT

In article <1992Nov6.192348.20115@ms.uky.edu> msunde01@mik.uky.edu (Mark   
Underwood) writes:

(quite a bit of babbling . . ..)

I forgot about the insulating effect of a vacuum when talking about the  
hypothermia bit.  Ok, you wouldn't lose body heat nearly as fast as in a  
snowstorm, but it still wouldn't take long for your internal temperature  
to drop below 85 degrees F (which, I think is low enough to kill . ..)  
In addition, somebody else mentioned the fact that the water-based fluids  
would boil rather quickly.  True.  This pulmonary edema effect mentioned  
by Mr. Dixon is another rather deadly effect of a pressure drop.  Consider  
that even when they're in a hurry, someone climbing Mt. Everest (for  
example) is going through a very slow pressure change with altitude - at  
most a couple of thousand feet a day, and at higher altitudes, far less  
than this.  Yet the pulmonary edema resulting from the pressure diff. can  
kill.  If we take this to the extreme and cause a *sudden* drop of  
pressure to near zero inside the lungs, I believe the result would  
resemble an *explosion* of sorts - i.e. the blood essentially shredding  
the delicate membranes of the lungs as it rushes through.  Again, I don't  
think you would have long to live.

--
Mark Underwood
EE Student, University of Kentucky
Lab Assistant, UK Library Microlabs
Internet address:  msunde01@mik.uky.edu

"Cogito, ergo Sum." - Descartes
"Non Cogito - poof!" - Anonymous

* My opinions are Mine!  Who else would want them?  :-) *
Newsgroups: sci.misc,sci.math
From: sl25@cus.cam.ac.uk (Steve Linton)
Subject: Re: Any Magazines, Organizations for Sundial Enthusiasts?
Keywords: sundials
Organization: U of Cambridge, England
Distribution: usa
Date: Thu, 12 Nov 1992 22:56:03 GMT

I observed that sundials appear to be almost unknown in Australia. After a while
I worked out why. 

Mail me if you can't figure it out.

Newsgroups: sci.misc
From: pgolden@nhgs.vak12ed.edu (Patrick S. Golden)
Subject: Free Middle/High School Broadcasts
Organization: Virginia's Public Education Network (Hampton)
Date: Fri, 13 Nov 92 16:04:04 GMT

REACHING FOR THE STARS

A free, nationwide distance-learning program designed to  
encourage young minority and female middle and high-school  
students to pursue careers in science and engineering

2:00 p.m. - 2:30 p.m. (ET)

December 16, 1992
February 10, 1993
March 17, 1993
April 7, 1993
May 12, 1993

Program Description:            	
Each of the 30-minute programs in the five-part interactive series  
will profile a different recipient of a Virginia Space Grant 
scholarship or  fellowship.  These  young minority and female 
researchers will describe what  motivated them to  pursue careers 
in the sciences and engineering, what their lives are  like at the  
college or university where they study, and what their career  
aspirations are.   Each researcher will also teach a basic science 
lesson and briefly  discuss the  relationship of that science lesson to 
their university research  project.  Viewers  will have the 
opportunity to ask questions of the young researchers  via 
telephone  during an interactive segment of the program.  Pre- and 
post- broadcast material  will be mailed to those registering for the 
series. 

Target Audience:  Middle school and high school students and  
other interested viewers

Program Objectives:

The series is designed to provide viewers with:

- An awareness of the career possibilities and rewards that exist for  
students --   particularly minorities and women -- in engineering 
and the  sciences.

- A knowledge of the scholastic paths students must travel to  
become engineers  and scientists.

- An understanding of the nature of five young minority and  
female researchers'  college experiences and what viewers will 
encounter if they attend  college and  major in the sciences.

- Knowledge of five basic science lessons and how those lessons are  
related to  more sophisticated research.

Reaching for the Stars is a cooperative educational project of the  
Virginia Space  Grant Consortium, Old Dominion University and 
the National  Aeronautics  and Space Administration.

For Registration Information:	
Old Dominion University's Academic Television Services at  (800)  
548-4807

VIRGINIA SPACE GRANT CONSORTIUM
2713-D Magruder Blvd.
Hampton, VA  23666
(804) 865-0726
E-mail: pgolden@nhgs.vak12ed.edu
-- 
|-------------------------------|
|++Patrick Golden++             | 
|Virginia Space Grant Consortium|
|pgolden@nhgs.vak12ed.edu       | 
Newsgroups: sci.misc
From: env@pa.itd.com (8224)
Subject: Remote Sensing Position
Organization: Space Remote Sensing Center
 
Date: Thu, 12 Nov 92 19:52:19 GMT

 
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                            JOB ANNOUNCEMENT


-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

REMOTE SENSING IMAGE PROCESSOR/GIS ANALYST - The Space Remote Sensing Center
is now accepting resumes for the full time position of Image Processing
Analyst to assist in the development of commercial applications of remote
sensing/GIS technology.  Potential candidates will be expected to assist in
defining the image processing/GIS solutions for specific projects and needs of 
the center's Environmental Division.  An in-depth knowledge of image processing
remote sensing, and GIS and the ability to apply this knowledge to environmentalproblems is mandatory.  Applicants must have a B.S. or M.S. in wetland ecology,
or a related field, in addition to having a solid background in remote sensing.
Preference will be given to candidates having educational training or extensive
work experiece in remote sensing and image processing.  Preferece will also be
given to candidates well versed in the use of ARC/INFO GIS software.  Resumes
should be submitted to:

Timothy A. Gress                                Email: env@pa.itd.com
Environmental Program Manager               Telephone: (601) 688-2509
Space Remote Sensing Center                       Fax: (601) 688-2861
Building 1103
Suite 118
Stennis Space Center, MS 39529
From: Chris Hanson <chanson@igc.apc.org>
Newsgroups: sci.misc
Date: 07 Nov 92 22:23 PST
Subject: Scandium and Osmium end-users
Nf-ID: #N:cdp:1468100001:000:327
Nf-From: cdp.UUCP!chanson    Nov  7 22:23:00 1992



I am doing some research into current uses of Scandium 
and Osmium 187.  Does anyone have information on
how these substances are used in industry and
manufacturing?  I am especially interested in
identifying end-users.

Thanks for your help.

Chris Hanson
E-mail:  chanson@igc.org
Telephone:  415-988-1155
Fax:  415-988-9209

Newsgroups: sci.misc,sci.physics,alt.folklore.science,sci.math
From: doerfler@cbnewsf.cb.att.com (ronald.w.doerfler)
Subject: Any Magazines, Organizations for Sundial Enthusiasts?
Followup-To: sci.misc
Keywords: sundials
Organization: AT&T
Distribution: usa
Date: Thu, 12 Nov 1992 17:23:13 GMT

	I am a sundial enthusiast and have wondered for some time now
if others interested in this area have any sort of special interest
magazine or organization devoted to this far-from-arcane subject.  Any
help would be appreciated.  I live in the Chicago area, so any local
organization would be ideal.  Thanks.


Ron Doerfler
From: gumby@ucsd.edu (Henry Ptasinski)
Newsgroups: sci.misc
Subject: Re: Human bodies explode in vacuum?
Date: 5 Nov 92 01:48:50 GMT

In article <1992Nov3.232240.5653@ctp.com> bpita@ctp.com (Bob Pitas) writes:
> Actually, you can't compress liquids.  It's the gases (nitrogen, to
> be exact) that cause 'rapture of the deep' for divers.  The nitrogen
> gets compressed during the decent, and then forms bubbles on the ascent.
> These bubbles block blood vessels, and generally do bad things.  The
> phenominae is called 'Nitrogen Narcosis'.

Actually, you're mixing two different (but related) phenomenona.  Nitrogen  
Narcosis, a.k.a. "rapture of the deep", occurs in divers at depths of around  
100' and greater when diving using regular air.  The effects are similar to the  
effects of alcohol.  It occurs, I believe, due to the excess nitrogen loading  
in brain tissues having some impact on neurotransmitter functioning.  The  
excess loading occurs due to breating of air at pressures greater than 1 ATM.   
The excess nitrogen remains in solution in the body due to the higher external  
pressure.

Bubble formation occurs upon ascent if the excess nitrogen is not allowed to  
outgass from the tissues at a fast enough rate.  The reduced pressure at  
shallower depths allows the nitrogen to come out of solution and form bubbles.   
These bubbles are the cause of Decompression Sickness, a.k.a. "The Bends".

What does this imply for bodies exposed to vacuum?  Well, if the body cannot  
maintain sufficient internal pressure, then appears reasonable that the  
nitrogen present in the tissues could come out of solution, causing symptoms of  
Decompression Sickness.  How likely this is depends on what pressure changes  
occur within the body when exposed to vacuum.

Did this answer any questions?  Probably not, but I just felt like slacking off  
a little and adding my (probably not very helpful) opinion.

Henry P.
gumby@ucsd.edu
Newsgroups: sci.misc
From: whelal@engr.UVic.CA (Wael  Helal)
Subject: Re: MAGLEV trains in the US
Reply-To: whelal@engr.UVic.CA
Organization: University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
Date: Thu, 5 Nov 92 21:20:44 GMT

It was popular science.
From: ksthorn@phoenix.Princeton.EDU (Kurt Stephen Thorn)
Newsgroups: sci.misc
Subject: Food safety - where can I get information?
Date: 13 Nov 92 23:00:16 GMT
Followup-To: sci.misc
Distribution: usa
Organization: Princeton University
Originator: news@nimaster

Hello everyone.
	I am involved in making an electronic measuring cup for use with foods.
Therefore, it needs to be food safe.  I am aware of some food safe epoxies and
Teflon coatings.  However, it is my understanding that these products are not
approved for contact with food "straight from the can" but that they need to be
approved on a case by case basis.
	If anyone has any information about the process involved in getting a
piece of equipment approved for contact with food, or if anyone knows of 
possible sources for food safe coatings for metal cylinders, please let me
know.
	Thanks

Kurt Thorn	ksthorn@phoenix.princeton.edu


-- 
ksthorn@phoenix.princeton.edu
the rest of this .sig file is under construction.  Unveiling planned shortly.
From: jpalmier@rvgs.vak12ed.edu (Jim Palmieri)
Newsgroups: sci.misc
Subject: Re: Evolutionary basis for involuntary erections
Date: 5 Nov 92 16:09:37 GMT
Article-I.D.: rvgs.1992Nov05.160937.13599
Organization: Virginia's Public Education Network (Roanoke)

jhcooper@ocf.berkeley.edu  writes:
> Does anyone know any survival advantage of involuntary erections of
> the penis rather than voluntary control of erections?
> 
Erection of the peniscan be elicited by a variety of stimuli
caused by blood flow under the control of the parasympathetic
nervous system.  The parasympathetic nervous system is a
subdivision of the autonomic nervous system.  The other brance
is the sympathetic.  Parasympathetic NS stimulates erection
while the sympathetic stimulates ejaculation. Both are
physiologically distinct systems.  Investigate the functions of
noth these and the reasons should become obvious. Dr. Jim
Palmieri
-- 



   Dr. Jim Palmieri
From: simonofb@wmavm7.VNET.IBM.COM
Date: Mon, 9 Nov 92 10:41:23 EST
Newsgroups: sci.misc
Subject: Collection of Gasses
Reply-To: simonofb@wmavm7.VNET.IBM.COM
Organization: IBM
News-Software: Usenet 3.0

I have a question that has been bothering me for a while now.
You can buy canisters the nobel gasses from supply houses.
I am wondering how they find, isolate, and collect these
gasses.  For certain gasses, I can imagine (to collect Hydrogen
and oxygen, break apart water, for exmaple).  But how do they
get the nobel gasses???

Thanks
Robert Simonoff
simonofb@wmavm7.vnet.ibm.com
Newsgroups: sci.misc
From: dag@col.hp.com (David Geiser)
Subject: Re: printing binary files on paper
Date: Mon, 9 Nov 1992 18:40:03 GMT
Organization: HP Colorado Springs Division

This seems trivial for a programmer.  You could probably find it
in freeware or shareware.

dag
-- 

 To the cat, the experimenter is problematic.
Newsgroups: sci.misc
From: msunde01@mik.uky.edu (Mark  Underwood)
Subject: Re: Human bodies explode in vacuum?
Reply-To: msunde01@mik.uky.edu
Organization: University Of Kentucky, Dept. of Math Sciences
Date: Fri, 6 Nov 1992 19:23:48 GMT

In article <iouiTB1w165w@iowegia.uucp> quest@iowegia.uucp (Steve J. Quest)  
writes:
>         From my earlier experiments with such an apparatus, I knew 
> that a glass of water can be made to boil- as room temperature is 
> warm enough to boil water at very low pressures.  The results with 
> the mice were striking- they puffed up like they were made 
> instantly obese.  The eyes bulged out unnaturally, and they were 
> dead almost instantly.  Returning pressure returned them to their 
> normal size.  This has proven to be the most humane method for 
> mice, as we can kill almost 100 at once.  I have not seen anything 
> such as ruptured or torn flesh- in fact they stay better intact 
> than they did swimming in the liquid nitrogen (sometimes they 
> would crack like glass).  This is not to say that if I were to 
> pump down the tank even more (using a mercury pump instead of the 
> mechanical reed valve pump I am now using) that they would not 
> explode, but under the very low pressures I was able to subject 
> them to, they did not explode, tear, or rupture.........sq


It would seem then, that if we subjected a human to a similar situation  
which would actually be a combination of the two (extremely low,  
approaching zero pressure and near 3K temperatures, and at any rate, far  
below that of liquid nitrogen, both of which occur in space), the person  
would probably die instantly, regardless of whether or not he would  
explode.  If the sudden and rather violent (I would guess) volume changes  
of the gases in his body didn't kill him, then the temperature probably  
would.  Unless (and I think this is unlikely) there was enough thermal  
radiation from the sun or his own ship or somewhere to make the _local_  
temperature MUCH higher than "space normal"  Indeed, a naked person would  
die in a matter of seconds from hypothermia when exposed to temperatures  
as low as -50 degrees C (unless treated IMMEDIATELY, and even so would  
suffer from EXTREME frostbite).  It is quite obvious from your work with  
the mice that the *body* would not "explode" or turn to jelly unless the  
expanding forces resulting from the pressure differential (evidenced by  
the fatness of the mice) exceeded the elasticity of the skin and/or the  
tensile strength of the muscles and other internal connective tissues.  At  
any rate, if the pressure drop didn't kill him, he would die a rather  
disturbingly pleasant (and quick) death of hypothermia.
--
Mark Underwood
EE Student, University of Kentucky
Lab Assistant, UK Library Microlabs
Internet address:  msunde01@mik.uky.edu

"Cogito, ergo Sum." - Descartes
"Non Cogito - poof!" - Anonymous

*  My opinions are Mine!  Hands off! *
From: mt2@ra.msstate.edu (Mustafa Taheri-Araghi)
Newsgroups: sci.misc
Subject: printing binary files on paper
Summary: how to print binary files on paper
Date: 7 Nov 92 01:05:01 GMT
Article-I.D.: Isis.mt2.721098301
Organization: Mississippi State University


I saw an episode of Beyone 2000 recently that showed a method of printing
out binary files to paper in a barcode type format then reading it back
from the paper to reconstruct the original file.  I was interested in
this package, does anyone know what is required and who sells such a package
in the US?

Any help is appreciated.

mt2@ra.msstate.edu
Newsgroups: sci.misc
From: fhapgood@world.std.com (Fred Hapgood)
Subject: information request
Organization: The World @ Software Tool & Die
Date: Thu, 5 Nov 1992 21:16:23 GMT


What's the weight in grams of a single hydrogen atom?

Newsgroups: sci.chem
From: howard@netcom.com (Howard Berkey)
Subject: Re: Need help with ID'ing a chemical
Organization: Netcom - Online Communication Services  (408 241-9760 guest) 
Date: Fri, 6 Nov 1992 20:45:32 GMT

In article <1992Nov4.221903.9734@engage.pko.dec.com> moroney@ramblr.enet.dec.com writes:
>The compound in question, ethanethiol is the stink put into natural gas.
>One of the butanethiols is essence of skunk.
>
>I assume the other simple thiols stink as well.  Are any of them such
>as methanethiol or propanethiol the odors of something recognizable?
>
>-Mike



In college we had to work with a thiophenyl- substance and it actually
had DANGER:Stench on the label.

-Howard
-- 
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
Howard Berkey						howard@netcom.com
		         Its in my brain now
_________/\______/\_____/\___/\__/\_/\/\/\/\................................
From: whitbeck@equinox.unr.edu (Michael Whitbeck)
Newsgroups: sci.chem
Subject: Re: Chemists' Responsibilty
Date: 9 Nov 92 17:18:55 GMT
Organization: University of Nevada, Reno

In article <david.5.720883349@chem1.chem.dal.ca> david@chem1.chem.dal.ca (Burkholder David) writes:
:>        What do you think a chemist's responsibilty is to the environment 
:>when formulating a new compound? Do we simply make a chemical for its short 
:>term use, or do we consider the possible long term consequences of its 
:>application?
:
:We certainly need to start thinking about these things, however, the long 

I'm afraid this is all rather naive. Very few chemists have all
that much to say as to whether or not a compound is mass
produced for sale in the commercial marketplace. THAT decision
is made by the chemist's employer! It is a decision that is
based almost exclusively on the profitability and liability
considerations. That makes all of us (chemists and nonchemists
alike) responsible to some degree. If WE insist on buying
products for convenience or that make life a little nicer, 
improve health, enterain us then we must share in the 
responsibility. AS LONG AS WE BUY- INDUSTRY WILL MANUFACTURE AND SELL. 

The chemists'(environmental)  role is in such areas as waste 
minimization (which quite often maximizes profits by improving
efficiency and reducing liability for waste) and in designing
compounds with high efficacy for their intended use- also quite
important with respect to competitiveness.

As far as environmental clean-up goes; yes I agree there should
be more chemists involved but that is not the case here in the
US. Environmental research and remediation is rapidly becoming
the domain of engineers (civil mostly) and geologists
(hydrologists). These disciplines have embraced environmental
studies to a greater degree than have chemistry departments in 
the US. Chemical engineering schools seem to prefer to address
environmental concerns via process efficiency including waste
minimization. 

I would add that I do not believe that it is the chemists'
burden to bear sole responsibility for the environment. 
Aspirin can be a bad water pollutant- should it not have been 
made on this basis?
Or is it more reasonable to expect others (nonchemists mostly)
to use chemicals in a responsible way? I vote for the latter.
[And yes pharmaceuticals, including aspirin, have occurred as
water pollutants; almost everything has by now as a resulte of 
NONCHEMISTS making ECONOMIC decisions about waste disposal!]

There is one other area where scientists can contribute- we need
a better educated public so that the public can play a more
active role in deciding if the TRUE cost of an item is worth it.

Mike

Newsgroups: sci.chem
From: cfthb@ux1.cts.eiu.edu (Howard Black)
Subject: Re: ORBITAL OVERLAP QUESTION
Date: Sun, 08 Nov 1992 19:44:40 GMT
Organization: Eastern Illinois University

In article <17235@mindlink.bc.ca> Gordon_Wong@mindlink.bc.ca (Gordon Wong) writes:
>I need some confirmation regarding the orbital overlap diagram of the
>doubly double-bonded CO2 molecule. The carbon would hybridize to form 2 sp
>orbitals and 2 unhybridized p orbitals. Would one sp orbital from the C
>atom overlap a p orbital from one O atom to form a sigma bond and the other p
>orbital from the C atom form a pi bond with the other p orbital from the O
>atom, resulting in the double bond?
>
>I just want to know if this is correct or am I completely off base?

    The latter.  The oxygens are sp2, thus, the sigma bond results from
overlap of C(sp)-O(sp2), and the pi bond from C(p)-O(p).  The other two
O(sp2) hybrids contain the unshared electron pairs.
-- 
   ******************************************************************
     Howard Black                             cfthb@ux1.cts.eiu.edu
     Department of Chemistry                  Eastern Illinois Univ. 
Newsgroups: sci.chem
From: rolfe@dsuvax.dsu.edu (Tim Rolfe)
Subject: Re: Gold dust a fire hazard?
Organization: Dakota State University
Date: Fri, 13 Nov 1992 03:34:11 GMT

In <1992Nov12.221840.13881@ncsu.edu> jrkitchi@eos.ncsu.edu
(JOHN ROBERT KITCHIN) writes:


>there are many metallic dusts which are not only flammable when in a
>fine dust, but are pyrophoric (self-igniting).  This is definitely true
>for metals such as aluminum and zinc, which are commonly used for
>explosives and pyrotechnics, so I see no reason why it would be
>different for other metals like gold and platinum.

I thought gold was so UNreactive that even concentrated nitric acid
by itself doesn't bother it --- you need aqua regia.  Given this, I
do find it surprising to hear that gold can be oxidized, even finely
divided.
-- 
                                              --- Tim Rolfe
                                           rolfe@dsuvax.dsu.edu
                                            ROLFE@SDNET.BITNET
From: wipke@moldes.ucsc.edu
Newsgroups: sci.chem
Subject: Electronic Application Forms for SURF
Date: 5 NOV 92 18:04:23 PDT
Organization: UCSC Molecular Engineering Laboratory
NNTP-Posting-Host: moldes.ucsc.edu

Junior undergrads can obtain electronic application forms for the
SURF (Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship) program in Chemistry and
Biochemistry at University of California Santa Cruz by sending an email
msg to "fileserv@secs.ucsc.edu" and in the BODY of the message put the
one line of text:

SENDME SURF

Completed applications may be returned by email.  Please inform colleagues
that might be interested.  Thanks.
-Todd Wipke
 Dept of Chemistry
 University of California
 Santa Cruz, CA 95064
 wipke@chemistry.ucsc.edu