HDTenEightyP/NetNews huggingface dataset:
From: rolf.lindgren@usit.uio.no
Newsgroups: comp.text.tex
Subject: Re: IBM Pennant Systems survey
Date: 30 Aug 92 13:54:27 GMT
Article-I.D.: karl.9208300954.AAkarl28324
Organization: Info-Tex<==>Comp.Text.Tex Gateway
X-Gateway-Source-Info: Mailing List

"Phillip E. Parker" writes:
 > The call "anything to hinder IBM" seems like the attitude of a barbarian,
 > technophobic machine-breaker. Did you mean that literally, or have I
 > misinterpreted?

Well, the appearance of the IBM PC sure wiped out the small computer
market (Sinclair, Oric, ...) of the early 80ies. Some of those machines
were clearly superior to the IBM PC in a number of ways (eg. the Sinclair
QL, which had more memory, supported pipes and multitasking, used a
68000-family processor) but since everybody had to have IBMs then the
diversity of the market was destroyed.

Whatever gave you the idea that you have to be a technophobic to
distrust/dislike IBM? I certainly will never buy a computer that needs to
have its config.sys file edited everytime I install a new program.

 > (The original call not to cooperate may be misguided, but is at least
 > superficially more civilized.)
 >
 > %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 > %          Phillip E. Parker
 > %  __ 2    Math. Dept.                 Bitnet: pparker@twsuvm
 > % |__)     Wichita St. Univ.         Internet: pparker@twsuvm.uc.twsu.edu
 > % |        Wichita KS  67260-0033         Fax: 1-316-689-3748
 > %          USA
 >


       Rolf Lindgren           |       "The opinions expressed above are
       616 Bjerke Studentheim  |        not necessarily those of anyone"
       N-0589 OSLO 5           |           rolfl.lindgren@usit.uio.no
Newsgroups: comp.text.tex
From: jesse@cs.UAlberta.CA (Jesse Lee)
Subject: Need help to fix my macro
Organization: University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
Date: Fri, 28 Aug 1992 17:34:00 GMT

Hello. Somehow I must have made a mistake in the following latex macro:

\def\content#1\endcontent{\def\@content{#1}}
\def\endcontent{}

When I use the above macro in a LaTeX file like this

\begin{content}
bla bla bla
\end{content}

I get an error saying something reach the end of file while scanning
the use of content or something like that.

What mistake do I make and how to correct it?

Jesse Lee
jesse@cs.ualberta.ca
Newsgroups: comp.text.tex
From: russell@sun.soe.clarkson.edu (David Russell)
Subject: Form Feeds in verbatim files, Solution
Organization: Clarkson University
Date: Fri, 28 Aug 1992 18:58:38 GMT

   I made the following changes to verbatimfiles.sty in order to get
verbatim files to print as single spacing and recognize form feeds
as a newpage.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
\catcode`\=\active \outer\def{\newpage} % DMR 7-28-92
\def\verbatimfile#1{\begingroup \ssp        % \ssp added DMR 7-28-92
                    \@verbatim \frenchspacing \@vobeyspaces
                    \input#1 \endgroup
}
--------------------------------------------------------------------
%  EXAMPLE:
%  \documentstyle[..,verbatimfile,..]{..} 
%  ..
%  \begin{document}
%  ..
%  \verbatimfile{file.f}
%  ..
%  \end{document}

ssp provides the single spacing and was previously defined in ucthesis.sty as;
\def\ssp{\def\baselinestretch{1.0}\large\normalsize}

Maybe these changes should be added to the original `verbatim'.sty files

Just thought I would pass on this info.
--
David M. Russell, Mechanical Eng. Dept.
Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13676
(315) 268-9806 
russell@sun.soe.clarkson.edu
Newsgroups: comp.text.tex
From: raman@cs.cornell.edu (T. V. Raman)
Subject: Help writing a macro that expands to \verb
Summary: How: \def\term#1{\verb|#1|}
Keywords: Macro \verb Latex
Organization: Cornell Univ. CS Dept, Ithaca NY 14853
Date: Tue, 1 Sep 1992 12:31:34 GMT


Hi!

I would like to have a macro of the following type:
\term#1 which expands to \verb|#1| but do not know how to write it.

Clearly \def\term#1{\verb|#1|} is not the solution.

Thanks,

--Raman
-- 
   T. V. Raman <raman@cs.cornell.edu>Tel: (607)255-9202  R 272-3649
                       Office: 4116 Upson Hall,
Department of Computer Science, Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853-6201
                Res: 226 Bryant Avenue Ithaca NY 14850
Newsgroups: comp.text.tex
From: James Petts <pettsj@visigoth.demon.co.uk>
Subject: Re: PS CM Fonts?
Organization: No Affiliation
Date: Fri, 28 Aug 1992 07:10:30 GMT
X-Useragent: Nuntius v1.1



In article <1992Aug25.091026.20378@ccsun.strath.ac.uk> S.C.Russell,
clcp16@ccsun.strath.ac.uk writes:
>Earlier on this summer I read that someone had
>managed to produce hinted PostScript versions of
>the Computer Modern font family, and had uploaded 
>them to an ftp site.

I believe you will find them on liasun3.epfl.ch   I can't 
remember the directory, but it's something like /pub/ps/fonts and the 
file is cmps.tar.Z or similar.

James Petts
********************************************************************
* "We use the classical theory on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays, *   
*  and the quantum theory on Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays."   *
************************************** Wm. Bragg *******************
Newsgroups: comp.text.tex
From: dak@tabaqui.informatik.rwth-aachen.de (David Kastrup)
Subject: Re: Increasing capacity
Organization: Rechnerbetrieb Informatik  /  RWTH Aachen
Date: 29 Aug 92 13:15:10 GMT

sbonnema@rtsg.mot.com (Stuart D. Bonnema) writes:

>In some of the documents I am working on there are a great many
>tables. As a result, I am encountering  the dreded "Tex capacity
>exceeded [main memory size=65531]" error. The FAQ says to see 
>you local guru to increase the size. We have no such being here.
>Can anyone give me a step-by-step?

Try flushing in between with \clearpage (I believe). Try to get
hold of a bigTeX version (supplied with many packages. Try to tell
us what TeX you are using on what machine.
Newsgroups: comp.text.tex
From: naren@cs.UAlberta.CA (Narendra Ravi)
Subject: PIC type line slopes in LaTeX
Organization: University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
Date: Thu, 27 Aug 1992 21:36:34 GMT

LaTeX picture environment limits the slopes for lines. But the PIC
language provides a decent mechanism for drawing lines of any slope in the
troff environment. Is there something similar in LaTeX?

I will summarize if I get additional information via email.

Thanks,
-- 

 -- Naren
    Narendra Ra[a]vi     Email : naren@cs.ualberta.ca
--

 -- Naren
    Narendra Ra[a]vi     Email : naren@cs.ualberta.ca
Newsgroups: comp.text.tex,comp.lang.postscript
From: matheson@open.dal.ca (Steven Matheson)
Subject: Cookbook style for LaTeX?
Keywords: LaTeX style cookbook
Organization: OPEN, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
Date: Wed, 2 Sep 1992 17:39:39 GMT

Does anyone have a LaTeX style for cookbooks?  I'm typesetting 
a fundraising cookbook and I don't really like book.sty too much.  

Also, is their a listing of all known latex styles lying around?
That would be a get help to everyone.

______________________________________________________________
Steven Matheson                   E-mail: matheson@open.dal.ca
Dept. of Oceanography             Phone: (902) 494-6663
Dalhousie University              FAX:  (902) 494-3877
Halifax, NS CANADA, B3H 4J1



Newsgroups: comp.text.tex
From: russell@sun.soe.clarkson.edu (David Russell)
Subject: Form feeds in LaTeX verbatimfile ?
Organization: Clarkson University
Date: Thu, 27 Aug 1992 19:04:31 GMT

  I have a long program listing in want to include as an appendix. I
have figured out how to do this, and have it automatically change to
single spacing, using verbatimfile.sty. 
The Question/Problem:
  The listing contains form feeds (^L's) to seperate the subroutines.
At this time a blank line is inserted when these are encountered. Is
there any way to get the <FF>'s interpreted as a newpage.

I also have alltt.sty, should I use this.
Thanks,
--
David M. Russell, Mechanical Eng. Dept.
Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13676
(315) 268-9806 
russell@sun.soe.clarkson.edu
Newsgroups: comp.text.tex
From: bene@opal.cs.tu-berlin.de (Benedikt Homann)
Subject: Re: Interactive BiBTeX-database program?
Keywords: bibtex
Organization: Technische Universitaet Berlin, Germany
Distribution: fb20
Date: Wed, 26 Aug 1992 19:46:17 GMT

hm334tu@unidui.uni-duisburg.de (Dirk Tulkenberg) writes:

 |  Hello,
 |  
 |  is there a program which lets you interacticly create and modify
 |  BiBTeX databases. 
I'm using bibcard under X11. It works nice and i had no problems.
With an ascii terminal you can use btt but it has some shortcomings
and bibcard is much more straight forward and selfexplaining.

Greetings,
  Benedikt.
From: rdong@PLAYMATE.MAT.JHU.EDU (Rui-Tao Dong ~{6-HpLN~})
Newsgroups: comp.text.tex
Subject: Re: How to write a tricky macro \rcs{} (TeXinfo).
Date: 26 Aug 92 19:49:17 GMT


	Thanks for all of you who has responded to my question. Most of the
people suggested to use variations of the following:

\def\rcs#1{\rrcs#1}
\def\rrcs$#1: #2 ${#2}

	It works fine in TeX mode. (@tex ... @end tex), but fails in
texinfo mode after substitute '\' by '@'. (Use of @rcs doesn't match its
definition.) I have tried to add the definition to various places in
texinfo.tex, but still doesn't work.

	"Robert J. Chassell" <bob@gnu.ai.mit.edu> pointed out the @set
@clear and @value commands in the new Texinfo might solve my problems. I'm
still waiting to tried it out.

Regards,
			Rui - Tao
Newsgroups: comp.text.tex
From: dalton@epoch.Geop.UBC.CA (David Dalton)
Subject: Re: darker Courier?
Organization: Dept. of Geophysics & Astronomy, UBC, Vancouver, Canada
	<ILH.92Aug28090237@winnie-the-pooh.lcs.mit.edu>
Date: Sat, 29 Aug 1992 02:20:23 GMT

pslatex, in [TEX-ARCHIVE.FONTS.ADOBE.PSLATEX.WOLCZKO] on tex.ac.uk,
contains a header file  thicken.ps  designed  to thicken a font's
stroke.  However I have been unable to figure out how to make it
work with the latest version of dvips, since the psfonts.map syntax
is different that in the earlier versions, which the current version
of Wolczko's PSLaTeX assumes.
Organization: Doctoral student, Industrial Administration, Carnegie Mellon, Pittsburgh, PA
Newsgroups: comp.text.tex
Date: Sun, 30 Aug 1992 17:26:10 -0400 
From: Susan Slotnick <slotnick+@CMU.EDU>
Subject: vita style for LaTeX

Can anyone recommend a good style file for a curriculum vita? WIth
documentation or a sample, as well.

Thanks.

--Susan Slotnick
From: IFF291@DJUKFA11.BITNET (Stephan Petersen)
Newsgroups: comp.text.tex
Subject: DVIPS question .....
Date: 31 Aug 92 08:17:57 GMT
Organization: KFA  Forschungszentrum Juelich


Since I got access to a HP LJ III with a PostScript cartridge, I thought
I'd download DVIPS (DVIPS547.ZIP) off the Stuttgart server and try it
with emTeX. DVIPS itself seems to work, but I'm having problems
composing the DVIPS.TEX and TEST.TEX files. Could somebody please give
me a hint why I get the following messages (couldn't find anything in
the docs, hope I didn't miss anything ;-) ):

This is emTeX, Version 3.0 [3a] (preloaded format=lplaing 90.9.23)  27 AUG 1992
23:11
**&lplaing.fmt DVIPS.TEX
(dvips.tex
ILaTeX Version 2.09 <9 Jan 1990>
(dvipsmac.tex
! Undefined control sequence.
l.1 \magnification
                  =\magstephalf\hoffset=0.5truein
?

This is emTeX, Version 3.0 [3a] (preloaded format=lplaing 90.9.23)  27 AUG 1992
21:55
**&lplaing.fmt TEST.TEX
(test.tex
ILaTeX Version 2.09 <9 Jan 1990>
! Undefined control sequence.
l.20 \nopagenumbers
                   \raggedbottom
?

Aren't \magnification and \nopagenumbers plain TeX commands? How do I
compose the files with LaTeX?

Thanks for any hints,
Stephan





+------------------------------------------------+
| Stephan Petersen                               |
|                                                |
| Bitnet/EARN: IFF291@DJUKFA11                   |
| Internet:    IFF291@zam001.zam.kfa-juelich.de  |
+------------------------------------------------+
From: hamlin@aps.org (Chris Hamlin)
Newsgroups: comp.text.tex
Subject: Virtual font previewers (?)
Date: 3 Sep 92 17:59:10 GMT
Organization: Info-Tex<==>Comp.Text.Tex Gateway
X-Gateway-Source-Info: Mailing List




Do any PC previewers (besides Arbortext's) handle virtual fonts?



Thanks,

C. Hamlin, mis@aps.org
Newsgroups: comp.text.tex
From: j05j@alf.zfn.uni-bremen.de (Christian Schlittchen)
Subject: Previewer for SCO Unix without X, where ?
Organization: Free University of Berlin, Germany
Date: Wed, 2 Sep 1992 13:27:02 GMT

The subject says it all: Where can I find a dvi-previewer for SCO Unix
or any other 386-Unix ? I've read the faq, but didn't find such a thing,
but I'm quite sure that it must exist somewhere !?


--
  Christian Schlittchen ( j05j@rs550.zfn.uni-bremen.de / root@amber.north.de )
Newsgroups: comp.text.tex
From: cal@nexus (Craig Anthony Leger)
Subject: Windows 3.1 front-end (Scientific Word, TCI)
Organization: Louisiana Tech University
X-Newsreader: Tin 1.1 PL4
Date: Wed, 26 Aug 1992 19:21:13 GMT

I am interested in front-end systems for TeX, particularly Windows and
Unix systems.  I have a brochure from TCI Software Research Inc. that
describes their product, Scientific Word, which is a Windows front-end
to LaTeX.  I also have the review of Scientific Word that appeared in
PC Magazine (1992 May 26).  Scientific Word is a rather costly package!

1.  Does anyone have any experience with Scientific Word?

2.  Are there other front-end systems for Windows or Unix?

3.  What do you think of the concept of a front-end to TeX?

With regard to the third question, the TCI brochure says, ``Time spent
entering and correcting TeX codes is dead-time during which you
cannot think about the content of the document itself.''

The brochure reiterates the distinction that Lamport made between
logical design and visual design, and describes the superiority of
logical design over visual design.  Then it continues, ``Before
Scientific Word, this approach was only available in batch systems
like TeX, LaTex, and production typesetting systems which use markup
languages.  The unique feature of Scientific Word is that it provides
a graphical interface to logical design. ... Visual design is an
inefficient and short-sighted use of modern windowing systems.  More
often than not, visual design systems [e.g., Ami Pro, Word for
Windows, WordPerfect for Windows] entice highly paid professionals to
waste many hours fiddling with the appearance of a document, only to
produce an inconsistent and unprofessional result.  This is not a
fault of the windowing systems themselves but of the software written
for them, although it is unfortunate that windows and visual design
are often seen as synonymous.  The gains in productivity that are
supposed to come from graphical interfaces will only be realized with
logical systems like Scientific Word.

--

Craig Anthony Leger             
---------------------------------------------------------
INTERNET: cal@engr.latech.edu   UUCP:  ...!rex!latech!cal
---------------------------------------------------------
Louisiana Tech University       Dept. of Computer Science
P.O. Box 10348, T. S.           Office: 318/257-3660
Ruston, LA 71272-0046           Home:   318/396-5766
From: walton@stat.fsu.edu (Bill Walton)
Newsgroups: comp.text.tex
Subject: How can I set up Newsprint to print DVI files?
Date: 24 Aug 92 13:45:03 GMT
Organization: Dept. of Statistics, Florida State University

Has anyone all ready figured out what needs to be done to have
Newsprint auto-recognize and print a DVI file?

I've added the following to /usr/Newsprint/pl.sun4/.pl_alias:
dvi     DVI file

and the following to /usr/Newsprint/pl.sun4/.pl_magic.dvi:
16      string  TeX output      DVI file

This seems to take care of the auto-recognition, however the
next phase would be setting up dvips as a filter to convert 
the file and print it.  If someone has all ready done all of 
this it would sure save me a lot of time if you could tell 
me how you set things up.

Thanks

Bill
 
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Bill Walton                                        walton@stat.fsu.edu
Newsgroups: comp.text.tex
From: goldstrn@math.fu-berlin.de (Martin Goldstern)
Subject: \edef in LaTeX
Summary: \edef\a{\smallskip}
Keywords: weird problem, LaTeX
Organization: Free University of Berlin, Germany
Date: Fri, 4 Sep 1992 20:11:09 GMT


Can somebody please explain to me why latex is looking for the file 
.tex
when I tell it to 
\edef\a{\smallskip}

Or is it politcally incorrect to use \edef in Latex?

Thanks

Martin Goldstern
goldstrn@math.fu-berlin.de
Newsgroups: comp.text.tex
From: dhosek@lucy.claremont.edu
Subject: Re: numbering subsubsection titles in the text body ????
Organization: Harvey Mudd College
Date: 26 Aug 92 15:25:46 PDT

In article <27835@sophia.inria.fr>, malek@lamaleph.inria.fr (Malek BOUALEM) writes:
 
>  Somebody knows how to number subsubsection titles, both in the body of the text and in the table of contents, with a book.sty document style (fbook.sty, or another document style, ...)  ??????
 
The answer is to use \setcounter{secnumdepth}{3} in your preamble.

How the books stand up:
Lamport: p. 160 (good index entries pointing at this under
      "section numbering" and "sectional unit!numbering")
Buerger: Apparently not documented
Hahn: p. 230 (Entry not entirely accurate and only pointed at in
      the index under secnumdepth. If you don't know it's there,
      you won't know it's there.)

-dh
From: greendog@max.physics.sunysb.edu (Michael D Fischer)
Subject: TeX3.14 putting one word per page
Organization: Institute for Theoretical Physics, SUNY at Stony Brook.
Date: Sun, 23 Aug 1992 23:05:48 GMT

Help!  I just compiled TeX3.14 on an SGI / IRIX 4.0.5 and it seems OK,
except that it puts one to two words per page!!

Any simple explanation for this?  I have to get this working ASAP.

Many thanks!

Michael
--
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Michael D. Fischer - greendog@max.physics.sunysb.edu - (516) 632-7966 -
- System Manager - Institute for Theoretical Physics - SUNY Stony Brook -
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
- "It is only with the heart that one can see rightly; what is          -
- essential is invisible to the eye"  -- The Fox from The Little Prince -
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
From: skyvington@republique.ilog.fr (William Skyvington)
Newsgroups: comp.text.tex
Subject: Rokicki's EPSF macros
Keywords: Rokicki EPSF Illustrator MacDraw LaTeX
Date: 2 Sep 92 16:12:14 GMT
Reply-To: skyvington@ilog.fr
Organization: ILOG (Software Intelligence), Gentilly, France

Rokicki's EPSF macros work perfectly in Textures on the Macintosh for
artwork created by means of Illustrator and MacDraw Pro. I use a LaTeX
document style that features a large margin on the lefthand side of
the page (a little like the look of Sun documentation). So, I copied
the main part of Rokicki's EPSF macros (the part that determines the
size of the future illustration) to make an \Image macro that acts
in the following manner:

    1.  An illustration whose width is less than the width of the main
        body of my text is automatically centered.

    2.  An illustration whose width is greater than the width of the
        main body of my text is automatically flushed right. In other
        words, the lefthand side of the ilustration flows out into
        the margin.

I save my Illustrator documents with the PICT option (in the dialog
box) set to "Macintosh black and white". As for my MacDraw Pro stuff,
I've got into the habit of always saving it as EPSF. Consequently,
when I'm working with Textures, I actually see all this artwork on
the screen in my typeset window. So, all this is marvelous!

BUT... there's a hitch. When I boot up A/UX and drag all this stuff
across into the Unix file system, and try to run it with our network
LaTeX system (using exactly the same style macros as in Textures),
the Rokicki EPSF macros don't seem to be able to handle the MacDraw
Pro EPSF files and the Illustrator files saved with the PICT option
set to "Macintosh black and white". The LaTeX document appears to get
typeset, but the results are garbage wherever an illustration is
meant to appear. And the resulting .dvi file hangs up the laser
printer.

If I save my Illustrator documents with the PICT option set to "none
(with EPSF header)", everything works perfectly with the Rokicki EPSF
macros on the Unix Latex system. On the other hand, I don't seem to
be able to do anything at all with the MacDraw Pro artwork.

Can anybody tell me whether the Rokicki EPSF macros can be modified
so that they'll work in a Unix LaTeX environment with both MacDraw
Pro EPSF files and Illustrator files with the PICT option set to
"Macintosh black and white"?

=====================================================================
      William Skyvington    ILOG     2 avenue Gallieni - BP 85
            94253 GENTILLY CEDEX     France                             
          Tel 33 (1) 46 63 66 66     E-mail skyvington@ilog.fr
=====================================================================
From: eijkhout@cupid.cs.utk.edu (Victor Eijkhout)
Newsgroups: comp.text.tex
Subject: Re: TeX In Practice
Date: 25 Aug 92 17:19:19 GMT
Organization: University of Tennessee, Knoxville - Department of Computer Science
Distribution: world
Reply-To: eijkhout@cupid.cs.utk.edu (Victor Eijkhout)
NNTP-Posting-Host: cupid.cs.utk.edu

In article <1992Aug24.211117.1@hmcvax.claremont.edu>, dhosek@hmcvax.claremont.edu writes:

|> Someone tell Victor not to use
|> textured paper with Baskerville or any other Modern. Doesn't
|> anybody care about paper anymore? Yeesh. All my design books
|> devote a chapter or more to paper.)

You've got to be joking? (For one, Baskerville is not a modern :-)
Do you think authors have anything to say about the choice of paper?
I think I was lucky that they let me veto the first cover design.
(But the letter that came with the second design told me between the
lines that 'we will take this one whether you like it or not'.)

The closer you get to production of the book, the less an author can do
about it.

If I would have had any say in the choice of paper I would have
opted for parchment, in real leather binding :-)

|> -dh

Victor.
From: bed_gdg@SHSU.edu (George D. Greenwade)
Newsgroups: comp.text.tex
Subject: Updates to CHICAGO on FILESERV/Niord
Date: 31 Aug 92 16:41:22 GMT
Organization: Info-Tex<==>Comp.Text.Tex Gateway
X-Gateway-Source-Info: Mailing List

Glenn Paulley <gnpaulle@bluebox.UWaterloo.ca> forwarded me some fixes to
his Chicago Manual of Style BibTeX styles (chicago.bst, chicagoa.bst) and
LaTeX style (chicago.sty).  From his message:

> I've enhanced the formatting of the reference list, and fixed the problem
> with long author lists (for sorting).

The files are available (along with test files) by including the command:
 SENDME BST.*CHICAGO*
in the body of a mail message to FILESERV@SHSU.BITNET (FILESERV@SHSU.edu). 
For anonymous ftp retrieval of these files and all related example and test
files, the file CHICAGO.ZIP is in [FILESERV.BST] on Niord.SHSU.edu
(192.92.115.8), or you can retrieve them individually from that directory.

Regards and thanks to Glenn,   George
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
George D. Greenwade, Ph.D.                            Bitnet:  BED_GDG@SHSU
Department of Economics and Business Analysis         THEnet: SHSU::BED_GDG
College of Business Administration                    Voice: (409) 294-1266
P. O. Box 2118                                        FAX:   (409) 294-3612
Sam Houston State University              Internet:        bed_gdg@SHSU.edu
Huntsville, TX 77341                      bed_gdg%SHSU.decnet@relay.the.net
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%