From: reynolds@rightbrain.com (Jack Reynolds)
Newsgroups: comp.sys.next.advocacy
Subject: Re: Next vs Macintosh for the Graphic Professional (rtf)
Date: 20 Aug 92 20:10:33 GMT
Reply-To: reynolds@rightbrain.com


Email continues to pour into RightBrain concerning NeXT vs.  
Macintosh.

This is a Data Place (NeXT and Mac dealer in New York) Executive  
White Paper.  Any email should be directed to  
johnb%datplace@uunet.uu.net (you can copy me if you want to ;>))

The following is Copyright John Budachovich.  I got permission to  
post this from John.

NeXT vs. Macintosh for the Graphic Professional

This brief paper is designed to present the major issues and concerns  
for the graphic design studio or professional who is preparing to  
introduce computers as design and illustration tools.

Background

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, there will be over  
800,000 employees in the graphics art profession in 1992. Half are  
involved in design work, half are involved in production.
According to the research company DataQuest, only about 25 to 30% of  
graphic arts professionals use computers in their design work. (This  
number is particularly surprising as the general perception is that  
the Macintosh is the  standard  for the graphic arts professional.)  
Of those using computers as design and production tools, about 60 -  
70% use Macintosh, 20 - 25% use DOS or Windows. These numbers mean  
that the dominant computer platform used by the graphic artist, the  
Macintosh, is actually used by only 20% of the industry at most. 

Why should I use a Computer for Graphic Design?

It is important to realize that the computer is a  tool  for the  
graphic professional. It may or may not replace your traditional  
design process. The computer can augment what you can do as a  
professional.

The primary benefit for the designer is  control . For example, with  
a computer workstation, the designer controls typography, instead of  
having to work with an outside type house. While many graphic  
professionals still use a professional output house to handle four  
color separations, you can easily place  gray scale  and color images  
on the  electronic page  and position, scale, crop and rotate the  
image until it is exactly the way you want it. The designer also has  
accuracy and control over line art. 

A second benefit to the designer is savings in financial resources.  
Computers can make the design process more productive because you can  
go from rough concept to presentation very quickly and easily  
compared to traditional methods. Also, computer images, files and  
text can be used and reused, again and again.

The third benefit is an increase in creative freedom. The designer  
can easily create several versions and try out new ideas. By itself  
this power doesn't enhance your creativity; rather, it lets you  
explore more creative options.

Standards for the Graphic Professional

Standards are critical for the graphic professional who is planning  
to use a computer workstation as a design and production platform.  
(Please keep in mind that standards in this profession can be  
significantly different and more demanding than other office computer  
standards.) Several standards are presently accepted in the graphic  
industry:

1. Postscript: The most significant standard for the graphic  
professional, Postscript is a computer language created by John  
Warnock of Adobe Systems. The Postscript language allows the graphic  
designer to produce special effects and computer generated graphics  
at a desktop computer station. The Postscript language is universally  
recognized as the single most important standard for the production  
of printed pages.  Postscript printers  are the  standard  for the  
computer professional. Macintosh laser printers were the first  
desktop printers to successfully use Postscript for the production of  
graphic pages. Traditionally, DOS and Windows based computers and  
printers have not been configured to employ the postscript language.  
(They can be configured to employ Postscript today, but this can be  
difficult for the average designer.) 

2. Postscript as a Unified Imaging System: Only the NeXT computer  
uses Postscript on both the screen and in the production of printer  
pages. This unified imaging system meets and extends the Postscript  
standard for the graphic industry. (Presently, Adobe uses the NeXT  
computer to extend and enhance its Postscript technology.)

3. EPS - Encapsulated Postscript: Computer created graphic files  
which are in the  postscript  format. Both Macintosh, NeXT and  
Windows based systems can use and generate this graphic format.

4. Output Services: Major output services are expected to employ  
postscript imaging devices. Often these utilize the L300  printer   
from Linotronic. The important fact here is that the service uses a  
postscript device. Additionally, output services cater to certain  
types of computer users. Many services provide output for Macintosh  
professionals. Others provide services for Windows based systems.  
Still others provide services for those using the NeXT platform. All  
can be found in the New York metropolitan area.

5. Other standards exist in the  computer world.  These can include  
networking capabilities, file and document formats, operating  
systems, and so forth. More and more the computer industry is moving  
towards interoperable systems which can easily interact with other  
different systems. Simply put, this means that different computers  
will be able to work together with a minimum of hassle. It does not  
mean that all computer systems are alike. This is important in the  
presentation of any computer system.

Platforms: NeXT vs Macintosh - A Comparison

The NeXT Solution

NeXT offers an outstanding solution for the graphic professional. In  
some key areas, these advantages position the NeXT as the  state of  
the art  graphic workstation.

The key reasons to consider NeXT as a graphic solution are several,  
including the following:

1. Display Postscript: All NeXT computers incorporate postscript  
throughout their computing environment. This simply means that  
postscript on the NeXT is not restricted to the printer, but is the  
complete environment in which the NeXT operates. The display and  
printer on the NeXT are completely postscript oriented. In the  
graphic world, this is a major advantage. Screen images do not need  
to be translated or altered to be output to a postscript printer.  
This reduces printer and total system cost, dramatically increases  
printing speed, and provides for complete accuracy between screen and  
printed output.  What you see is actually what you get on the NeXT.   
When control and accuracy matter, this can be a significant  
advantage. (NeXT printers also provide 400 dots per inch as their  
standard, and will soon provide a tabloid size Postscript CMYK Color  
Printer for only $3495.)

2. The NeXT system is easy to use, even for first time graphics  
artist with no computer experience. 

3. The NeXT system design enhances the process of collaboration.  
Every NeXT provides high performance file sharing and workgroup  
productivity. NeXT can also network easily with other computing  
environments. In NeXTSTEP 3.0 (due in the next several months), any  
NeXT computer will be able to hook up to a Macintosh or Novell file  
server and immediately share files and information, out of the box.  
Presently, NeXT can access MS-DOS floppy disks, as well as Macintosh  
files and disks.

4. File and print server - to further enhance NeXT's  
interoperability, a NeXT system, using the appropriate software, can  
also be used as a file and print server for a network of Macintosh  
computers. WIth the power and versatility of the Unix operating  
environment and the capabilities of NeXTSTEP, the same NeXTstation or  
NeXTcube can be used as an advanced design workstation as well as a  
file server.

5. NeXT provides an outstanding communication system using voice,  
images, documents and text to enhance workgroup productivity. This  
mixing of data forms can be understood as true multimedia for real  
world productivity.

6. The NeXT system offers workstation features - but is easy and  
elegant to use. Multitasking makes you more productive because you  
can work on several tasks at once. One real strength of the NeXT  
environment is the truly seamless integration of tools and  
applications. All tools work in concert on the NeXT. Further, because  
the system is truly a powerful workstation, difficulties with one  
program (program crashes, for example) do not bring down your whole  
system, with the subsequent loss of data and work in progress.  
Because the NeXT is a  true  multitasking system, the typical waiting  
process, so common on other desktop computers, is no longer an issue.  
Run PasteUp (which launches in under a second), and while it is  
starting, check your mail and retrieve a fax, all at the same time.  
Instead of waiting 9 minutes for a 300 dots per inch color scan,  
begin the scanning process, and move on to another task. The scan  
will take place in the background. You are free to continue doing  
other work immediately.

7. The NeXT was designed on the model of large mainframe computers.  
As a result, it is able to handle large graphic files easily. Since  
large files can be typical in the publishing and graphic environment,  
NeXT provides a powerful easy to use solution.

8. The NeXT computer raises the standard for the graphic  
professional. For example, by the summer of 1992, all NeXT computers  
will have support for PMS colors built in to the computer. All  
graphic applications will be able to use Pantone. In other computing  
environments, if you need PMS, you make sure that you choose the  
right software, that is software which supports PMS. This is also  
true of transparency work, for example. The NeXT supports  
transparency at the system level, out of the box. This feature, when  
fully implemented by Adobe in future versions of Postscript, will  
allow the printing of transparency images on the NeXT 400 dpi Laser  
and Color Printers.

9. Renderman from Pixar - Version 3.0 of the NeXTSTEP environment  
will include the standard three dimension modeling tool Renderman  
from Pixar, also at the system level. This simply means that all  
graphic applications should be able to do 3D modelling with system  
level tools. In other computing environments, 3D tools are restricted  
to 3D modelling programs.

10. Applications: NeXT graphic applications are powerful and easy to  
use. Presently they include Illustrator and TouchType from Adobe,  
Text Art and Create from Stone Design, Framemaker from Frame,  
Concurrence and Diagram from Lighthouse Design, Pixel Magician from  
Bacchus and Appsoft Draw, to name a few. Other third party graphic  
publications are expected by summer including Virtuoso from Altsys,  
PasteUp from Right Brain and Image from Appsoft.  The combination of  
PasteUp, Image and Virtuoso will provide quality tools needed for the  
most demanding graphic professional.

11. Color is critical to the graphic professional. NeXT offers two  
high performance color systems: the NeXTstation Turbo Color and the  
NeXTdimension system. The NeXTstation Turbo color provides 16 bit  
Color Postscript dithered to 24 bit color to rival other 24 bit  
platforms. The NeXTdimension provides full 32 bit color and  
transparency for on screen photographic accelerated color. In  
addition, the NeXTdimension board provides both video-in and  
video-out capability.

12. NPE -  NeXT has announced at the Seybold Publishing Conference  
(February 1992) a new and potentially breakthrough approach to  
computer publishing, the NeXT Publishing Environment. Using  
pre-designed graphic program modules, the graphic professional will  
be able to  construct their own publishing solution  based on their  
needs and experience. In other words, you will be able to purchase  
modules to support specific tasks. This technology is expected to be  
available beginning in the third quarter of 1992.

13. The NeXT computer was designed by the creators of the Macintosh.  
They understand the limits of the Mac and have developed the NeXT to  
stretch beyond those limitations. These enhancements include an  
industry leading and award winning interface, true multitasking, a  
highly integrated work environment, improved system level features,  
DSP chip for sound and mathematical computation, and a unified  
computing environment (Display Postscript and the NeXT laser  
printer).

The key handicaps of the NeXT solution include the following:

1. Software Solutions: The greatest handicap for NeXT as a graphic  
platform is its present lack of  publishing software . For those  
requiring technical publishing solutions (long, highly formatted  
documents) NeXT presently provides an excellent and industry leading  
solution. However, for those designing brief documents requiring text  
and graphics, the solution is currently not the best. This situation  
is expected to change dramatically with the introduction in 1992 of  
several key software components including Appsoft Image, Right Brain  
PasteUp, Altsys Virtuoso, and the NeXT Publishing Environment.

2. Service Bureau Support: For some users it may be difficult to find  
professional service bureau support for high quality output. In major  
metropolitan areas, this should not be an issue, and as more graphic  
designers move to NeXT, this issue will be short-lived at best. In  
addition, NeXT and Canon are developing a RIP for the Canon Color  
Copier to interface directly to the NeXT. High quality color graphic  
output will shortly be available to all users of the Canon CLC.  
(Canon's commitment to NeXT is broad and rich. Besides owning  
approximately 16% of the company, Canon is a VAR (Value Added  
Reseller) for the NeXT computer. This means that Canon sales  
personnel who are calling on the highest level of graphics'  
professionals are offering, as part of their solution package, the  
NeXT computing solution. Something to think about.)

3. The Macintosh is viewed as the  standard  in the graphics world.  
Even though this is not completely born out by industry research (we  
know from research and experience that only 1 in 4 graphic designers  
use a computer), the perception certainly exists and must be overcome  
to implement the NeXT solution. 

4. Quark XPress is not available on the NeXT: Many acknowledge that  
XPress 3.1 is the present benchmarks for desktop publishing software.  
Those who use XPress will praise its typographic control, innovative  
features like libraries and free text rotation, drag and drop power,  
and multiple master page and extensive document layout capabilities.  
These same designers will only consider NeXT when XPress is available  
on that computer. (Quark, in fact, has put off development of a NeXT  
based product in favor of a Windows based solution.)

There are several ways to address this issue. Quark XPress is not the  
best solution for everyone - for some it is too complicated and  
difficult to learn, for others it is too slow and burdened by too  
many features, for still others XPress simply does not work the way  
most designers do. When you realize that XPress documents are simply  
text and graphics positioned on a page in a particular fashion, the  
idea is less daunting to move this data to another computer platform,  
with software that is more comfortable to use and better suits the  
designers needs. The real question is not whether a computer  
publishing solution supports Quark XPress, but whether a computer  
publishing solution meets the individual designers' needs. On this  
count, the NeXT computer could easily become the computer system of  
choice among graphic professionals.

NeXT and Standards

The NeXT computer system makes use of the standards outlined earlier  
in this paper. NeXT is an outstanding computer choice for the graphic  
professional seeking to meet or exceed computer graphic standards.

The Macintosh Solution

The Macintosh presents the perceived industry standard for the  
graphics professional. There are many reasons for this perception,  
reasons which are incorporated into the Macintosh advantage. These  
reasons to adopt the Macintosh solution include:

1. The Macintosh was first - For many professionals, the Macintosh  
started the computer publishing revolution in 1986. With the  
introduction of Pagemaker, Ready Set Go and the Apple Laserwriter  
printer, publishing at the desktop became something of a reality. As  
the first in the market, the Macintosh became the de facto standard   
among those who have adopted a computing solution. 

2. There is a plethora of graphics applications and hardware  
solutions available to the user of a Macintosh. These include among  
others Quark XPress for page layout and design, Adobe Photoshop for  
image manipulation and retouching, Studio 32, Canvas or Illustrator  
for high level color painting, and others.

3. The Macintosh system is expandable and can output to a variety of  
devices including high resolution printers, imagesetters and slide  
devices.

4. The Macintosh provides networking capability for a small network   
out of the box.  In addition, with Apple System 7.0, users of several  
machines on a network can share files and information readily.

5. Easy to use, even for first time graphics artist with no computer  
experience.

6. Widespread service bureau support and consulting and training  
services.

The key handicaps of the Macintosh solution include the following:

1. Macintosh can be overwhelmed.  As professional publishing deals  
with larger and larger files, the Macintosh can be overwhelmed in  
power, storage, and networking capability. 

2. Poor integration. The graphic professional must be careful to  
purchase software that meets their needs. The computing environment  
is not as fully integrated as other computing environments.

3. High Cost. To provide the powerful tools needed for high end  
publishing needs, the Macintosh solution is a good deal more  
expensive than the NeXT solution. 

4. The Macintosh does not provide the unified imaging environment  
that will more and more be required in computer workstations. Using   
Quickdraw  on the Macintosh screen and  Postscript  in the laser  
printer allows room for translation errors, slow printing speeds and  
inconsistencies between screen and printed documents.

5. The Macintosh is too slow for the publishing demands of the 90s.  
Although the Macintosh Quadra and the NeXT share the same processor,  
the Mac suffers from:

	  a 10 Mhz bus (vs. 25Mhz on the NeXT)
	  no separate DMA channels (vs. 8 DMA channels on the NeXT)
	  virtual memory that is not fully compatible with all  
publishing applications
	  a very slow networking scheme (Appletalk) without the  
addition of add on hardware and software.

Why NeXT

There are several reasons why NeXT is the right choice for the  
graphic professional. These reasons include:

1. NeXT provides the only desktop solution using an integrated  
imaging environment, Postscript on the screen and Postscript at the  
printer is an unbeatable combination for those in the publishing and  
graphic world.

2. Free printer upgrades. A further benefit of this unified imaging  
model is a hidden one: when NeXTSTEP system software is upgraded (as  
it soon will be to version 3.0), printer software is upgraded as  
well. What all this means is very simple: when you upgrade to  
NeXTSTEP 3.0, your NeXT printers  become  Postscript Level 2, at no  
extra cost. On other platforms, this upgrade requires the purchase of  
a brand new printer.

3. NeXT raises the hardware and software standard for graphic  
professionals using computers. NeXT is perceived as a leader in  
developing computer hardware and software solutions, and this  
leadership will effect graphic professionals using the NeXT platform.

4. Graphics is one of the strongest areas for NeXT third party  
applications, and more have been announced to the graphics community  
and are expected in next several months.

5. The applications are powerful. No designer on any computer  
platform uses all the applications available to them. They become  
familiar with several key graphic tools to make their job more  
productive. In reality, it is the rare designer who uses 10 graphics  
applications or 4 page design tools. They become proficient with one  
software tool that best does the job at hand. On the NeXT, the  
application suite for the designer is already powerful and is  
expected to grow significantly in the next several months.

6. NeXT is at the beginning of its product cycle. The NeXT computer  
employs today computer solutions that are not expected from Apple and  
IBM for the next 3-5 years. To purchase a NeXT is to provide a  
solution for the future. The PC is based on the technology of the  
70s, the Macintosh on that of the 80s. NeXT is defining technology in  
the 90s.

7. NeXT does things no other system can do. Programs like PasteUp and  
Virtuoso provide infinite undo and redo, transparent object  
positioning, and live pasteboard updating. Even something as simple  
as drag and drop graphics, styles and colors are not possible on  
other graphics platforms.

8. NeXT is designed to handle the large files that are common in the  
graphic industry. The NeXT is a best solution for those who have used  
other platforms for publishing and are realizing the limits of their  
work environment.

9. NeXT provides excellent price/performance ratio for workstation  
level computing power.

10. NeXT provides a very aggressive price solution for the graphic  
professional who more and more requires Postscript color output at  
the desktop. See Section 2 ( System Configuration and Specifications   
on page11) for a standard NeXT configuration in a typical marketing  
firm's graphic department. 

Why Macintosh

The Macintosh is the right solution for the graphic professional for  
several reasons:

1. Wide acceptance. Even though no standard has been adopted, the  
Macintosh is used widely and is supported widely in the graphic  
industry.

2. The Macintosh has an established reputation of ease of use,  
available high end publishing and graphics tools, and widespread  
acceptance.

3. Excellent networking capabilities.

4. Easy to use professional tool.

5. Excellent price points, increasingly so as Apple lowers Macintosh  
prices to gain greater market share in the business community.

Future Computing Directions and Trends  The NeXT Publishing  
Environment (NPE)

Since the introduction of the Macintosh in 1984, desktop computing  
has moved forward on a variety of fronts: faster processors, expanded  
and cheaper memory, a variety of storage options including optical  
and floptical disks, CD-ROM, large hard drives and DAT tape,  
multi-media, and a bewildering array of hardware and software  
options.

Computer operating systems have developed as well. In May 1991 Apple  
finally introduced the latest update to the Macintosh Operating  
System, System 7.0. Microsoft has put a graphic face on DOS with  
Windows 3.0 and 3.1. At the same time, the Microsoft/IBM alliance has  
fallen on hard times, prompting IBM to ship its own system software,  
the most recent version of IBM OS/2. Apple and IBM, meanwhile, have  
formed a new company,  Taligent , to develop a new  object oriented   
computing environment for the next decade.

Unfortunately, "moving forward" with hardware and software has not  
meant significant innovation in desktop computing. Breakthrough  
advances are not simply the result of mixing  faster, bigger and more   
to the personal computer equation. Buying the fastest 486 PC to run  
the latest version of Windows or a souped up Macintosh Quadra to run  
Quark XPress brings little substantial advantage to the computer user  
s desktop.

Breakthroughs in software developments are few and far between. (For  
the user, this has immediate benefit in developing custom  
applications for publishing. With new programming tools announced at  
the Seybold Publishing Conference in Boston, (February, 1992), the  
graphic professional will be able to  design their own  custom  
software in the very near future.

Further, the industry is moving towards object oriented systems. NeXT  
is the first computer to implement this future level system. The  
ability to use objects to design and implement software solutions  
provides a ground breaking opportunity for graphic artists and  
publishers who use the NeXT system. Using NPE or the NeXT Publishing  
Environment, graphic professionals will be able to  construct  their  
own custom software solution, to meet their particular needs.

A Brief Note on Windows

Microsoft is trying hard to make the MS-DOS based Windows solution a   
real player  for the graphic professional. While Windows certainly  
has its proponents (one of my closest friends working with graphics  
in the computer industry uses a Windows based 386 machine to help  
clients purchase Macs) and the terrific marketing clout of Bill Gates  
and his Microsoft empire, a recent posting on CIS from an employee at  
PC Week lays the issue to rest:  Don't let anyone talk you into PCs,   
he said.  I work with PCs, Macs and NeXTs everyday. It is my job to  
evaluate these computers for various tasks, graphics being one near  
and dear to my heart. Categorically speaking, the PC can't hold a  
candle to the Mac, and with proper software, a Mac can't hold a  
candle to the NeXT. The critical thing here depends on what the art  
department is going to be doing. If you are interested in getting  
work done now (i.e. within a month or so) go with Macs; otherwise, I  
think you would do just fine with NeXTs. 

Drawing Some Conclusions

For a publishing solution that is mature today, the Macintosh is a  
good choice, although this lead may be dwindling. The Macintosh can  
provide high level computing, software solutions, acceptance by many  
graphic artists, and a perceived lead in the industry. However, the  
Macintosh solution lacks several key ingredients found today in the  
NeXT: true multitasking, integrated display and printing  
environments, a higher standard of system level integration, and  
greater system features and performance. Recent industry news has  
reported that Apple is moving toward system additions which will  
enable the Macintosh to more closely resemble the NeXT. (For example,  
in early 1993 Apple may introduce a utility to enhance its imaging  
capability.)
Apple's move into the  consumer market  with low end Macintosh  
systems and  Personal Digital Assistants  calls into question Apple's  
long term commitment to the color publishing community. As of 1990,  
the very last person Apple employed in Publishing Marketing, at the  
corporate level, now works for NeXT. 

For those professionals who require great control and precision,  
state of the art tools, powerful networking and workgroup capability,  
future oriented systems and the potential to deploy and use  custom  
publishing software,  NeXT is an outstanding solution that is future  
oriented and open to other computer systems.

The choice for the graphic professional is no longer clear. While the  
Macintosh is accepted by many designers, its lead may be dwindling.  
NeXT addresses the key limitations of the Mac while providing state  
of the art hardware and software for the early to mid 90s.

Paper Presented by:
John J. Budacovich
Sales and Marketing Manager for NeXT Publishing at Data Place

Copyright, June 1992
Duplication is prohibited without written permission from author.


--
Jack Reynolds, VP Sales
RightBrain Software, 132 Hamilton Avenue, Palo Alto, California USA   
94301
(415)326-2974 or(415)326-2977 Fax
reynolds@rightbrain.com


-- NewsGrazer, a NeXTstep(tm) news reader, posting --
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Newsgroups: comp.sys.next.advocacy