From: hellmond@phoenix.Princeton.EDU (Peter H. Hellmonds)
Subject: Maastricht Treaty Text complete (Part 3)
Originator: news@ernie.Princeton.EDU
Organization: Princeton University
Date: Wed, 22 Jul 1992 01:19:39 GMT


Title 2 is divided in three parts (part 3 - 5):

=== MAASTRICHT TREATY TEXT -- Part 3: TITLE 2 (1): ===


TITLE II
PROVISIONS AMENDING THE TREATY ESTABLISHING THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY 
WITH A VIEW TO ESTABLISHING THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY

ARTICLE G
The Treaty establishing the European Economic Community shall be amended in 
accordance with the provisions of this Article, in order to establish a 
European Community.

A. Throughout the Treaty:
1) The term "European Economic Community" shall be replaced by the term 
"European Community".

B. In Part One "Principles":

2) Article 2 shall be replaced by the following:
"ARTICLE 2
The Community shall have as its task, by establishing a common market and an 
economic and monetary union and by implementing the common policies or 
activities referred to in Articles 3 and 3a, to promote throughout the 
Community a harmonious and balanced development of economic activities, 
sustainable and non-inflationary growth respecting the environment, a high 
degree of convergence of economic performance, a high level of employment and 
of social protection, the raising of the standard of living and quality of 
life, and economic and social cohesion and solidarity among Member States.'

3) Article 3 shall be replaced by the following:
"ARTICLE 3
For the purposes set out in Article 2, the activities of the Community shall 
include, as provided in this Treaty and in accordance with the timetable set 
out therein:
(a) the elimination, as between Member States, of customs duties and 
quantiative restrictions on the import and export of goods, and of all other 
measures having equivalent effect;
(b) a common commercial policy; 
(c) an internal market characterized by the abolition, as between Member 
States of obstacles to the free movement of goods, persons, services and 
capital;
(d) measures concerning the entry and movement of persons in the internal 
market as provided for in Article l00c; 
(e) a common policy in the sphere of agriculture and fisheries;
(f) a common policy in the sphere of transport;
(g) a system ensuring that competition in the internal market is not 
distorted;
(h) the approximation of the laws of Member States to the extent required for 
the functioning of the common market; 
(i) a policy in the social sphere comprising a European Social Fund;
(j) the strengthening of economic and social cohesion;
(k) a policy in the sphere of the environment;
(l) the strengthening of the competitiveness of Community industry;
(m) the promotion of research and technological development;
(n) encouragement for the establishment and development of trans-European 
networks;
(o) a contribution to the attainment of a high level of health protection;
(p) a contribution to education and training of quality and to the flowering 
of the cultures of the Member States;
(q) a policy in the sphere of development cooperation;
(r) the association of the overseas countries and territories in order to 
increase trade and promote jointly economic and social development;  
(s) a contribution to the strengthening of consumer protection;
(t) measures in the spheres of energy, civil protection and tourism."

4) The following Article shall be inserted:
"ARTICLE 3a
1. For the purposes set out in Article 2, the activities of the Member States 
and the Community shall include, as provided in this Treaty and in accordance 
with the timetable set out therein, the adoption of an economic policy which 
is based on the close coordination of Member States' economic policies, on the 
internal market and on the definition of common objectives, and conducted in 
accordance with the principle of an open market economy with free competition.
2. Concurrently with the foregoing, and as provided in this Treaty and in 
accordance with the timetable and the procedures set out therein, these 
activities shall include the irrevocable fixing of exchange rates leading to 
the introduction of a single currency, the ECU, and the definition and conduct 
of a single monetary policy and exchange rate policy the primary objective of 
both of which shall be to maintain price stability and, without prejudice to 
this objective, to support the general economic policies in the Community, in 
accordance with the principle of an open market economy with free competition.
3. These activities of the Member States and the Community shall entail 
compliance with the following guiding principles: stable prices, sound public 
finances and monetary conditions and a sustainable balance of payments."

5) The following Article shall be inserted:
"ARTICLE 3b
The Community shall act within the limit of the powers conferred upon it by 
this Treaty and of the objectives assigned to it therein.
In areas which do not fall within its exclusive competence, the Community 
shall take action, in accordance with the principle of subsidiarity, only if 
and in so far as the objectives of the proposed action cannot be sufficiently 
achieved by the Member States and can therefore, by reason of the scale or 
effects of the proposed action, be better achieved by the Community.
Any action by the Community shall not go beyond what is necessary to achieve 
the objectives of this Treaty."

6) Article 4 shall be replaced by the following:
"ARTICLE 4
1. The tasks entrusted to the Community shall be carried out by the following 
institutions:
- a EUROPEAN Parliament,
- a COUNCIL,
- a COMMISSION,
- a COURT OF JUSTICE,
- a COURT OF AUDITORS.
Each institution shall act within the limits of the powers conferred upon it 
by this Treaty.
2. The Council and the Commission shall be assisted by an Economic and Social 
Committee and a Committee of the Regions acting in an advisory capacity."

7) The following Articles shall be inserted:
"ARTICLE 4a
A European System of Central Banks (hereinafter referred to as "ESCB") and a 
European Central Bank (hereinafter referred to as "ECB") shall be established 
in accordance with the procedures laid down in this Treaty; they shall act 
within the limits of the powers conferred upon them by this Treaty and by the 
Statute of the ESCB and of the ECB (hereinafter referred to as "Statute of the 
ESCB") annexed thereto.
ARTICLE 4b
A European Investment Bank is hereby established, which shall act within the 
limit of the powers conferred upon it by this Treaty and the Statute annexed 
thereto."

8) Article 6 shall be deleted and Article 7 shall become Article 
6. Its second paragraph shall be replaced by the following:
"The Council, acting in accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 
189c, may adopt rules designed to prohibit such discrimination."

9) Articles 8, 8a, 8b and 8c shall become respectively Article 7, 7a, 7b and 
7c.
C. The following Part shall be inserted:
"PART TWO
CITIZENSHIP OF THE UNION
ARTICLE 8
1. Citizenship of the Union is hereby established.
Every person holding the nationality of a Member State shall be a citizen of 
the Union.
2. Citizens of the Union shall enjoy the rights conferred by this Treaty and 
shall be subject to the duties imposed thereby.
ARTICLE 8a
1. Every citizen of the Union shall have the right to move and reside freely 
within the territory of the Member States, subject to the limitations and 
conditions laid down in this Treaty and by the measures adopted to give it 
effect.
2. The Council may adopt provisions with a view to facilitating the exercise 
of the rights referred to in paragraph 1; save as otherwise provided in this 
Treaty, the Council shall act unanimously on a proposal from the Commission 
after obtaining the assent of the European Parliament.
ARTICLE 8b
1. Every citizen of the Union residing in a Member State of which he is not a 
national shall have the right to vote and to stand as a candidate at municipal 
elections in the Member State in which he resides, under the same conditions 
as nationals of that State. This right shall be exercised subject to detailed 
arrangements to be adopted before 31 December 1994 by the Council, acting 
unanimously, on a proposal from the Commission and after consulting the 
European Parliament; these arrangements may provide for derogations where 
warranted by problems specific to a Member State.
2. Without prejudice to Article 1 38(3) and to the provisions adopted for its 
implementation, every citizen of the Union residing in a Member State of which 
he is not a national shall have the right to vote and to stand as a candidate 
in elections to the European Parliament in the Member State in which he 
resides, under the same conditions as nationals of that State. This right 
shall be exercised subject to detailed arrangements to be adopted before 31 
December 1993 by the Council, acting unanimously on a proposal from the 
Commission and after consulting the European Parliament; these arrangements 
may provide for derogations where warranted by problems specific to a Member 
State. 
ARTICLE 8c
Every citizen of the Union shall, in the territory of a third country in which 
the Member State of which he is a national is not represented, be entitled to 
protection by the diplomatic or consular authorities of any Member State, on 
the same conditions as the nationals of that State. Before 31 December 1993, 
Member States shall establish the necessary rules among themselves and start 
the international negotiations required to secure this protection.
ARTICLE 8d
Every citizen of the Union shall have the right to petition the European 
Parliament in accordance with Article 138d.
Every citizen of the Union may apply to the Ombudsman established in 
accordance with Article 138e.
ARTICLE 8e
The Commission shall report to the European Parliament, to the Council and to 
the Economic and Social Committee before 31 December 1993 and then every three 
years on the application of the provisions of this Part. This report shall 
take account of the development of the Union.
On this basis, and without prejudice to the other provisions of this Treaty, 
the Council, acting unanimously on a proposal from the Commission and after 
consulting the European Parliament, may adopt provisions to strengthen or to 
add to the rights laid down in this Part, which it shall recommend to the 
Member States for adoption in accordance with their respective constitutional 
requirements."
D. Parts Two and Three shall be grouped under the following Title:
"PART THREE
COMMUNITY POLICIES"
and in this Part:

10) The first sentence of Article 49 shall be replaced by the following:
"As soon as this Treaty enters into force, the Council shall, acting in 
accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 189b and after consulting 
the Economic and Social Committee, issue directives or make regulations 
setting out the measures required to bring about, by progressive stages, 
freedom of movement for workers, as defined in Article 48, in particular."

11) Article 54(2) shall be replaced by the following: 
"2. In order to implement this general programme or, in the absence of such 
programme, in order to achieve a stage in attaining freedom of establishment 
as regards a particular activity, the Council, acting in accordance with the 
Procedure referred to in Article 189b and after consulting the Economic and 
Social Committee, shall act by means of directives."

12) Article 56(2) shall be replaced by the following:
"2. Before the end of the transitional period, the Council shall, acting 
unanimously on a proposal from the Commission and after consulting the 
European Parliament, issue directives for the coordination of the above 
mentioned provisions laid down by law, regulation or administrative action. 
After the end of the second stage, however, the Council shall, acting in 
accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 189b, issue directives 
for the coordination of such provisions as, in each Member State, are a matter 
for regulation or administrative action." 

13) Article 57 shall be replaced by the following:
"ARTICLE 57
1. In order to make it easier for persons to take up and pursue activities as 
self-employed persons, the Council shall, acting in accordance with the 
procedure referred to in Article 189b, issue directives for the mutual 
recognition of diplomas, certificates and other evidence of formal 
qualifications.
2. For the same purpose, the Council shall, before the end of the transitional 
period, issue directives for the coordination of the provisions laid down by 
law, regulation or administrative action in Member States concerning the 
taking up and pursuit of activities as self-employed persons. The Council, 
acting unanimously on a proposal from the Commission and after consulting the 
European Parliament, shall decide on directives the implementation of which 
involves in at least one Member State amendment of the existing principles 
laid down by law governing the professions with respect to training and 
conditions of access for natural persons. In other cases the Council shall act 
in accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 189b.
3. In the case of the medical and allied and pharmaceutical professions, the 
progressive abolition of restrictions shall be dependent upon coordination of 
the conditions for their exercise in the various Member States."

14) The title of Chapter 4 shall be replaced by the following:
"CHAPTER 4
CAPITAL AND PAYMENTS"

15) The following Articles shall be inserted:
"ARTICLE 73a
As from 1 January 1994, Articles 67 to 73 shall be replaced by Articles 73b, 
c, d, e, f and g.
ARTICLE 73b
1. Within the framework of the provisions set out in this Chapter, all 
restrictions on the movement of capital between Member States and between 
Member States and third countries shall be prohibited.
2. Within the framework of the provisions set out in this Chapter, all 
restrictions on payments between Member States and between Member States and 
third countries shall be prohibited.
ARTICLE 73c
1. The Provisions of Article 73b shall be without prejudice to the application 
to third countries, of any restrictions which exist on 31 December 1993 under 
national or Community law adopted in respect of the movement of capital to or 
from third countries involving direct investment - including investment in 
real estate - establishment, the provision of financial services or the 
admission of securities to capital markets.
2. Whilst endeavouring to achieve the objective of free movement of capital 
between Member States and third countries to the greatest extent possible and 
without prejudice to the other Chapters of this Treaty, the Council may, 
acting by a qualified majority on a proposal from the Commission, adopt 
measures on the movement of capital to or from third countries involving 
direct investment - including investment in real estate -, establishment, the 
provision of financial services or the admission of securities to capital 
markets. Unanimity shall be required for measures under this paragraph which 
constitute a step back in Community law as regards the liberalization of the 
movement of capital to or from third countries.  
ARTICLE 73d
1. The provisions of Article 73b shall be without prejudice to the right of 
Member States:
(a) to apply the relevant provision of their tax law which distinguish between 
tax-payers who are not in the same situation with regard to their place of 
residence or with regard to the place where their capital is invested;
(b) to take all requisite measures to prevent infringement of national law and 
regulations, in particular in the field taxation and the prudential 
supervision of financial institutions, or to lay down procedures for the 
declaration of capital movements for purposes of administrative or statistical 
information, or to take measures which are justified on grounds of public 
policy or public security.
2. The provisions of this Chapter shall be without prejudice to the 
applicability of restrictions on the right of establishment which are 
compatible with this Treaty.
3. The measures and procedures referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not 
constitute a means of arbitrary discrimination or a disguised restriction on 
the free movement of capital and payments as defined in Article 73b.    
ARTICLE 73e   
By way of derogation from Article 73b, Member States which, on 31 December 
1993, enjoy a derogation on the basis of existing Community law, shall be 
entitled to maintain, until 31 December 1995 at the latest, restrictions on 
movement of capital authorized by such derogations as exist on that date. 
ARTICLE 73f
Where, in exceptional circumstances, movement of capital to or from third 
countries cause, or threaten to cause, serious difficulties for the operation 
of economic and monetary union, the Council, acting by a qualified majority on 
a proposal from the Commission and after consulting the ECB, may take 
safeguard measures with regard to third countries for a period not exceeding 
six months if such measures are strictly necessary.
ARTICLE 73g
1. If, in the cases envisaged in Article 228a, action by the Community is 
deemed necessary, the Council may, in accordance with the procedure provided 
for in Article 228a, take the necessary urgent measures on the movement of 
capital and on payments as regards the third countries concerned.
2. Without prejudice to Article 224 and as long as the Council has not taken 
measures pursuant to paragraph 1, a Member State may, for serious political 
reasons and on grounds of urgency, take unilateral measures against a third 
country with regard to capital movements and payments. The Commission and the 
other Member States shall be informed of such measures by the date of their 
entry into force at the latest.  
The Council may, acting by a qualified majority on a proposal from the 
Commission, decide that the Member State concerned shall amend or abolish such 
measures. The President of the Council shall inform the European Parliament of 
any such decision taken by the Council.
ARTICLE 73h
Until 1 January 1994, the following provisions shall be applicable:
1) Each Member State undertakes to authorize, in the currency of the Member 
State in which the creditor or the beneficiary resides, any payment connected 
with the movement of goods, services or capital, and any transfers of capital 
and earnings, to the extent that the movement of goods, services, capital and 
persons between Member States has been liberalized pursuant to this Treaty.
The Member States declare their readiness to undertake the liberalization of 
payments beyond the extent provided in the preceding subparagraph, in so far 
as their economic situation in general and the state of their balance of 
payment in particular so permit.    
2) In so far as movement of goods, services and capital are limited only by 
restrictions on payments connected therewith, these restrictions shall be 
progressively abolished by applying, mutatis mutandis, the provisions of this 
Chapter and the Chapters relating to the abolition of qualitative restrictions 
and to the liberalization of services.
3) Member States undertake not to introduce between themselves any new 
restrictions on transfers connected with the invisible transactions listed in 
Annex III to this Treaty.
The progressive abolition of existing restrictions shall be effected in 
accordance with the provisions of Articles 63 to 65, in so far as such 
abolition is not governed by the provisions contained in paragraphs 1 and 2 or 
by the other provisions of this Chapter.
4) If need be, Member States shall consult each other on the measures to be 
taken to enable the payment and transfers mentioned in this Article to be 
effected; such measures shall not prejudice the attainment of the objectives 
set out in this Treaty." 

16) Article 75 shall be replaced by the following:    
"ARTICLE 75   
1. For the purpose of implementing Article 74, and taking into account the 
distinctive features of transport, the Council shall, acting in accordance 
with the procedure referred to in Article 189c and after consulting the 
Economic and Social Committee, lay down:    
 (a) common rules applicable to international transport to or from the 
territory of a Member State or passing across the territory of one or more 
Member States;
 (b) the conditions under which non-resident carriers may operate transport 
services within a Member State;
 (c) measures to improve transport safety;
 (d) any other appropriate provisions.
2. The Provisions referred to in (a) and (b) of paragraph 1 shall be laid down 
during the transitional period.     
3. By way of derogation from the procedure provided for in paragraph 1, where 
the application of provisions concerning the principles of the regulatory 
system for transport would be liable to have a serious effect on the standard 
of living and on employment in certain areas and on the operation of transport 
facilities, they shall be laid down by the Council acting unanimously on a 
proposal from the Commission, after consulting the European Parliament and the 
Economic and Social Committee. In so doing, the Council shall take into 
account the need for adaptation to the economic development which will result 
from establishing the common market."

17) The title of Title I in Part Three shall be replaced by, the following:    
"TITLE V
Common rules on competition and approximation of laws"

18) In Article 92(3):   
- the following point shall be inserted:
"(d) aid to promote culture and heritage conservation where such aid does not 
affect trading conditions and competition in the Community to an extent that 
is contrary to the common interest."
- the present point (d) shall become (e).   

19) Article 94 shall be replaced by the following:
"ARTICLE 94
The Council, acting by a qualified majority on a proposal from the Commission 
and after consulting the European Parliament, may make any appropriate 
regulations for the application of Articles 92 and 93 and may in particular 
determine the conditions in which Article 93(3) shall apply and the categories 
of aid exempted from this procedure."

20) Article 99 shall be replaced by the following:
"ARTICLE 99
The Council shall, acting unanimously on a proposal from the Commission and 
after consulting the European Parliament and the Economic and Social 
Committee, adopt provisions for the harmonization of legislation concerning 
turnover taxes, excise duties and other forms of indirect taxation to the 
extent that such harmonization is necessary to ensure the establishment and 
the functioning of the internal market within the time limit laid down in 
Article 7a."    

21) Article 100 shall be replaced by the following:   
"ARTICLE 100  
The Council shall, acting unanimously on a proposal from the Commission and 
after consulting the European Parliament and the Economic and Social 
Committee, issue directives for the approximation of such laws, regulations or 
administrative provisions of the Member States as directly affects the 
establishment or functioning of the common market."

22) Article l00a(1) shall be replaced by the following:
"1. By way of derogation from Article 100 and save where otherwise provided in 
this Treaty, the following provisions shall apply for the achievement of the 
objectives set out in Article 7a. The Council shall, acting in accordance with 
the procedure referred to in Article 189b and after consulting the Economic 
and Social Committee, adopt the measures for the approximation of the 
provisions laid down by law, regulation or administrative action in Member 
States which have as their object the establishment and functioning of the 
internal market."   

23) The following Article shall be inserted:
"ARTICLE l00c 
1. The Council, acting unanimously on a proposal from the Commission and after 
consulting the European Parliament, shall determine the third countries whose 
nationals must be in possession of a visa when crossing the external borders 
of the Member States.
2. However, in the event of an emergency situation in a third country posing a 
threat of a sudden inflow of nationals from that country into the Community, 
the Council, acting by a qualified majority on a recommendation from the 
Commission, may introduce, for a period not exceeding six months, a visa 
requirement for nationals from the country in question. The visa requirement 
established under this paragraph may be extended in accordance with the 
procedure referred to in paragraph 1.   
3. From 1 January 1996, the Council shall adopt the decisions referred to in 
paragraph 1 by a qualified majority. The Council shall, before that date, 
acting by a qualified majority on a proposal from the Commission and after 
consulting the European Parliament, adopt measures relating to a uniform 
format for visas.   
4. In the areas referred to in this Article, the Commission shall examine any 
request made by a Member State that it submit a proposal to the Council.     
5. This Article shall be without prejudice to the exercise of the 
responsibilities incumbent upon the Member States with regard to the 
maintenance of law and order and the safeguarding of internal security.     
6. This Article shall apply to other areas if so decided pursuant to Article 
K.9 of the provisions of the Treaty on European Union which relate to 
cooperation in the fields of justice and home affairs, subject to the voting 
conditions determined at the same time.    
7. The provisions of the conventions in force between the Member States 
governing areas covered by this Article shall remain in force until their 
content has been replaced by directives or measures adopted pursuant to this 
Article." 

24) The following Article shall be inserted:
"ARTICLE l00d
The Coordinating Committee consisting of senior officials set up by Article 
K.4 of the Treaty on European Union shall contribute, without prejudice to the 
provisions of Article 151, to the preparation of the proceedings of the 
Council in the fields referred to in Article l00c."

25) Title II, Chapters 1, 2 and 3 in Part Three shall be replaced by the 
following:
"TITLE VI
ECONOMIC AND MONETARY POLICY
CHAPTER 1
ECONOMIC POLICY
ARTICLE 102a
Member States shall conduct their economic policies with a view to 
contributing to the achievement of the objectives of the Community, as defined 
in Article 2, and in the context of the broad guidelines referred to in 
Article 103(2). The Member States and the Community shall act in accordance 
with the principle of an open market economy with free competition, favouring 
an efficient allocation of resources, and in compliance with the principle set 
out in Article 3a.  
ARTICLE 103
1. Member States shall regard their economic policies as a matter of common 
concern and shall coordinate them within the Council, in accordance with the 
provisions of Article 102a.    
2. The Council shall, acting by a qualified majority on a recommendation from 
the Commission, formulate a draft for the broad guidelines of the economic 
policies of the Member States and of the Community, and shall report its 
findings to the European Council.
The European Council shall, acting on the basis of the report from the 
Council, discuss a conclusion on the broad guidelines of the economic policies 
of the Member States and of the Community.
On the basis of this conclusion, the Council shall, acting by a qualified 
majority, adopt a recommendation setting out these broad guidelines. The 
Council shall inform the European Parliament of its recommendation.
3. In order to ensure closer coordination of economic policies and sustained 
convergence of the economic performances of the Member States, the Council 
shall, on the basis of reports submitted by the Commission, monitor economic 
development in each of the Member States and in the Community as well as the 
consistency of economic policies with the broad guidelines referred to in 
paragraph 2, and regularly carry out an overall assessment.
For the purpose of this multilateral surveillance, Member States shall forward 
information to the Commission about important measures taken by them in the 
field of their economic policy and other information as they deem necessary.   
4. Where it is established, under the procedure referred in paragraph 3, that 
the economic policies of a Member State are not consistent with the broad 
guidelines referred to in paragraph 2 or that they risk jeopardizing the 
proper functioning of economic and monetary union, the Council may, acting by 
a qualified majority on a recommendation from the Commission, make the 
necessary recommendations to the Member State concerned. The Council may, 
acting by a qualified majority on a proposal from the Commission, decide to 
make its recommendations public. 
The President of the Council and the Commission shall report to the European 
Parliament on the result of multilateral surveillance. The President of the 
Council may be invited to appear before the competent Committee of the 
European Parliament if the Council has made its recommendations public.
5. The Council, acting in accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 
189c, may adopt detailed rules for the multilateral surveillance procedure 
referred to in paragraphs 3 and 4 of this Article. 
ARTICLE 103a
1. Without prejudice to any other procedures provided for in this Treaty, the 
Council may, acting unanimously on a proposal from the Commission, decide upon 
the measures appropriate to the economic situation, in particular if severe 
difficulties arise in the supply of certain products.   
2. Where a Member State is in difficulties or is seriously threatened with 
severe difficulties caused by exceptional occurrences beyond its control, the 
Council may, acting unanimously on a proposal from the Commission, grant, 
under certain conditions, Community financial assistance to the Member State 
concerned. Where the severe difficulties are caused by natural disasters, the 
Council shall act by qualified majority. The President of the Council shall 
inform the European Parliament of the decision taken.
ARTICLE 104
1. Overdraft facilities or any other type of credit facility with the ECB or 
with the central banks of the Member States (hereinafter referred to as 
"national central banks") in favour of Community institutions or bodies, 
central governments, regional, local or other public authorities, other bodies 
governed by public law, or public undertakings of Member States shall be 
prohibited, as shall the purchase directly from them by the ECB or national 
central banks of debt instruments.
2. Paragraph 1 shall not apply to publicly-owned credit institutions which, in 
the context of the supply of reserves by central banks, shall be given the 
same treatment by national central banks and the ECB as private credit 
institutions.
ARTICLE 104a
1. Any measure, not based on prudential considerations, establishing 
privileged access by Community institutions or bodies, central governments, 
regional, local or other public authorities, other bodies governed by public 
law, or public undertakings of Member States to financial institutions shall 
be prohibited.   
2. The Council, acting in accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 
189c, shall, before 1 January 1994, specify definitions for the application of 
the prohibition referred to in paragraph 1.
ARTICLE 104b
1. The Community shall not be liable for or assume the commitments of central 
governments, regional, local or other public authorities, other bodies 
governed by public law, or public undertakings of any Member State, without 
prejudice to mutual financial guarantees for the joint execution of a specific 
project. A Member State shall not be liable for or assume the commitment of 
central governments, regional, local or other public authorities, other bodies 
governed by public law or public undertakings of another Member State, without 
prejudice to mutual financial guarantees for the joint execution of a specific 
project.
2. If necessary, the Council, acting in accordance with the procedure referred 
to in Article 189c, may specify definitions for the application of the 
prohibitions referred to in Article 104 and in this Article.
ARTICLE 104c
1. Member States shall avoid excessive governmental deficits.
2. The Commission shall monitor the development of the budgetary situation and 
of the stock of government debt in the Member States with a view to 
identifying gross errors. In particular it shall examine compliance with 
budgetary discipline on the basis of the following two criteria:
(a) whether the ratio of the planned or actual government deficit to gross 
domestic product exceeds a reference value, unless
- either the ratio has declined substantially and continuously and reached a 
level that comes close to the reference value;
- or, alternatively, the excess over the reference value is only exceptional 
and temporary and the ratio remains close to the reference value;
(b) whether the ratio of government debt to gross domestic product exceeds a 
reference value, unless the ratio is sufficiently diminishing and approaching 
the reference value at a satisfactory pace.
The reference values are specified in the Protocol on the excessive deficit 
procedure annexed to this Treaty.
3. If a Member State does not fulfil the requirements under one or both of 
these criteria, the Commission shall prepare a report. The report of the 
Commission shall also take into account whether the government deficit exceeds 
government investment expenditure and take into account all other relevant 
factors, including the medium term economic and budgetary position of the 
Member State.
The Commission may also prepare a report if, notwithstanding the fulfillment 
of the requirement under the criteria, it is of the opinion that there is a 
risk of an excessive deficit in a Member State.
4. The Committee provided for in Article 109c shall formulate an opinion on 
the report of the Commission.
5. If the Commission considers that an excessive deficit in a Member State 
exists or may occur, the Commission shall address an opinion to the Council.
6. The Council shall, acting by a qualified majority on a recommendation from 
the Commission, and having considered any observations which the Member State 
concerned may wish to make, decide after an overall assessment whether an 
excessive deficit exists.
7. Where the existence of an excessive deficit is decided according to 
paragraph 6, the Council shall make recommendations to the Member State 
concerned with a view to bringing that situation to an end within a given 
period. Subject to the provisions of paragraph 8, these recommendations shall 
not be made public.
8. Where it establishes that there has been no effective action in response to 
its recommendations within the period laid down, the Council may make its 
recommendations public.
9. If a Member State persists in failing to put into practice the 
recommendations of the Council, the Council may decide to give notice to the 
Member State to take, within a specified time limit, measures for the deficit 
reduction which is judged necessary by the Council in order to remedy the 
situation.
In such a case, the Council may request the Member State concerned to submit 
reports in accordance with a specific timetable in order to examine the 
adjustment efforts of that Member State.
10. The right to bring actions provided for in Articles 169 and 170 may not be 
exercised within the framework of paragraphs 1 to 9 of this Article. 
11. As long as a Member State fails to comply with a decision taken in 
accordance with paragraph 9, the Council may decide to apply the following 
measures:     
- to require the Member State concerned to publish additional information, to 
be specified by the Council, before issuing bonds and securities;    
- to invite the European Investment Bank to reconsider its lending policy 
towards the Member State concerned;    
- to require the Member State concerned to make a non-interest-bearing deposit 
of an appropriate size with the Community until the excessive deficit has, in 
the view of the Council, been corrected;     
- to impose fines of an appropriate size.   
The President of the Council shall inform the European Parliament of the 
decisions taken.
12. The Council shall abrogate some or all of its decisions referred to in 
paragraphs 6 to 9 and 11 to the extent that the excessive deficit in the 
Member State concerned has, in the view
of the Council, been corrected. If the Council has previously made public 
recommendations, it shall, as soon as the decision under paragraph 8 has been 
abrogated, make a public statement that an excessive deficit in the Member 
State concerned no longer exists.
13. When taking the decisions referred to in paragraphs 7 to 9, 11 and 12, the 
Council shall act on a recommendation from the Commission by a majority of two 
thirds of the votes of its members weighted in accordance with Article 148(2), 
excluding the votes of the representative of the Member State concerned. 
14. Further provisions relating to the implementation of the procedure 
described in this Article are set out in the Protocol on the excessive deficit 
procedure annexed to this Treaty. 
The Council shall, acting unanimously on a proposal from the Commission and 
after consulting the European Parliament and the ECB, adopt the appropriate 
provisions which shall then replace the said Protocol. 
Subject to the other provisions of this paragraph the Council shall, before 1 
January 1994, acting by a qualified majority on a proposal from the Commission 
and after consulting the European Parliament, lay down detailed rules and 
definitions for the application of the provisions of the said Protocol.
CHAPTER 2     
MONETARY POLICY    
ARTICLE 105
1. The primary objective of the ESCB shall be to maintain price stability. 
Without prejudice to the objective of price stabilty, the ESCB shall support 
the general economic policies in the Community with a view to contributing to 
the achievement of the objectives of the Community as laid down in Article 2. 
The ESCB shall act in accordance with the principle of an open market economy 
with free competition, favouring an efficient allocation of resources, and in 
compliance with the principles set out in Article 3a.   
2. The basic tasks to be carried out through the ESCB shall be:
- to define and implement the monetary policy of the Community;
- to conduct foreign exchange operations consistent with the provisions of 
Article 109;   
- to hold and manage the official foreign reserves of the Member States;  
- to promote the smooth operation of payment systems.
3. The third indent of paragraph 2 shall be without prejudice to the holding 
and management by the government of Member States of foreign exchange working 
balances.
4. The ECB shall be consulted:
- on any proposed Community act in its fields of competence;
- by national authorities regarding any draft legislative provision in its 
fields of competence, but within the limits and under the conditions set out 
by the Council in accordances with the procedure laid down in Article 106(6).
The ECB may submit opinions to the appropriate Community institutions or 
bodies or to national authorities on matters in its fields of competence.
5. The ESCB shall contribute to the smooth conduct of policies pursued by the 
competent authorities relating to the prudential supervision of credit 
institutions and the stability of the financial system. 
6. The Council may, acting unanimously on a proposal from the Commission and 
after consulting the ECB and after receiving the assent of the European 
Parliament, confer upon the ECB specific tasks concerning policies relating to 
the prudential supervision of credit institutions and other financial 
institutions with the exception of insurance undertakings.   
ARTICLE 105a
1. The ECB shall have the exclusive right to authorize the issue of bank note 
within the Community. The ECB and the national central banks may issue such 
notes. The bank notes issued by the ECB and the national central banks shall 
be the only such notes to have the status of legal tender within the 
Community.
2. The Member States may issue coins subject to approval by the ECB of the 
volume of the issue. The Council may, acting in accordance with the procedure 
referred to in Article 189c and after consulting the ECB, adopt measures to 
harmonize the denominations and technical specifications of all coins intended 
for circulation to the extent necessary to permit their smooth circulation 
within the Community.
ARTICLE 106
1. The ESCB shall be composed of the ECB and of the national central banks.     
2. The ECB shall have legal personality.
3. The ESCB shall be governed by the decision-making bodies of the ECB which 
shall be the Governing Council and the Executive Board.
4. The Statute of the ESCB is laid down in a Protocol annexed to this Treaty.  
5. Articles 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 17, 18, 19.1, 22, 23, 24, 26, 32.2, 32.3. 32.4, 
32.6, 33.l(a) and 36 of the Statute of the ESCB may be amended by the Council, 
acting either by a qualified majority on a recommendation from the ECB and 
after consulting the Commission or unanimously on a proposal from the 
Commission and after consulting the ECB. In either case, the assent of the 
European Parliament shall be required.
6. The Council, acting by a qualified majority either on a proposal from the 
Commission and after consulting the European Parliament and the ECB or on a 
recommendation from the ECB and after consulting the European Parliament and 
the Commission, shall adopt the provisions referred to in Articles 4, 5.4, 
19.2, 20, 28-1, 29.2, 30.4 and 34.3 of the Statute of the ESCB.
ARTICLE 107
When exercising the powers and carrying out the tasks and duties conferred 
upon them by this Treaty and the Statute of the ESCB, neither the ECB, nor a 
national central bank, nor any member of their decision-making bodies shall 
seek or take instructions from Community institutions or bodies, from any 
government of a Member State or from any other body. The Community 
institutions and bodies and the governments of the Member States undertake to 
respect this principle and not to seek to influence the members of the 
decision-making bodies of the ECB or of the national central banks in the 
performance of their tasks.
ARTICLE 108   
Each Member State shall ensure, at the latest at the date of the establishment 
of the ESCB, that its national legislation including the statutes of its 
national central bank is compatible with this Treaty and the Statute of the 
ESCB.    
ARTICLE 108a
1. In order to carry out the tasks entrusted to the ESCB, the ECB shall, in 
accordance with the provisions of this Treaty and under the conditions laid 
down in the Statute of the ESCB:
- make regulations to the extent necessary to implement the tasks defined in 
Article 3.1, first indent, Articles 19.1, 22 and 25.2 of the Statute of the 
ESCB and in cases which shall be laid down in the acts of the Council referred 
to in Article 106(6);
- take decisions necessary for carrying out the tasks entrusted to the ESCB 
under this Treaty and the Statute of the ESCB;
- make recommendations and deliver opinions.     
2. A regulation shall have general application. It shall be binding in its 
entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.
Recommendations and opinions shall have no binding force.  
A decision shall be binding in its entirety upon those to whom it is 
addressed.
Articles 190 to 192 shall apply to regulations and decisions adopted by the 
ECB.
The ECB may decide to publish its decisions, recommendations and opinions.     
3. Within the limits and under the conditions adopted by the Council under the 
procedure laid down in Article 106(6), the ECB shall be entitled to impose 
fines or periodic penalty payments on undertakings for failure to comply with 
obligations under its regulations and decisions.
ARTICLE 109
1. By way of derogation from Article 228, the Council may, acting unanimously 
on a recommendation from the ECB or from the Commission, and after consulting 
the ECB in an endeavour to reach a consensus consistent with the objective of 
price stability, after consulting the European Parliament, in accordance with 
the procedure in paragraph 3 for determining the arrangements, conclude formal 
agreements on an exchange rate system for the ECU in relation to non-Community 
currencies. The Council may, acting by a qualified majority on a 
recommendation from the ECB or from the Commission, and after consulting the 
ECB in an endeavour to reach a consensus consistent with the objective of 
price stability, adopt, adjust or abandon the central rates of the ECU within 
the exchange rate system. The President of the Council shall inform the 
European Parliament of the adoption, adjustment or abandonment of the ECU 
central rates.
2. In the absence of an exchange rate system in relation to one or more non-
Community currencies as referred to in paragraph 1, the Council, acting by a 
qualified majority either on a recommendation from the Commission and after 
consulting the ECB or on a recommendation from the ECB, may formulate general 
orientations for exchange-rate policy in relation to these currencies. These 
general orientations shall be without prejudice to the primary objective of 
the ESCB to maintain price stability.
3. By way of derogation from Article 228, where agreements concerning monetary 
or foreign exchange regime matters need to be negotiated by the Community with 
one or more States or international organizations, the Council, acting by a 
qualified majority on a recommendation from the Commission and after 
consulting the ECB, shall decide the arrangements for the negotiation and for 
the conclusion of such agreements. These arrangements shall ensure that the 
Community expresses a single position. The Commission shall be fully 
associated with the negotiations.
Agreements concluded in accordance with this paragraph shall be binding on the 
institutions of the Community, on the ECB and on Member States.
4. Subject to paragraph 1, the Council shall, on a proposal from the 
Commission and after consulting the ECB, acting by a qualified majority decide 
on the position of the Community at international level as regards issues of 
particular relevance to economic and monetary union and, acting unanimously, 
decide its representation in compliance with the allocation of powers laid 
down in Articles 103 and 105.     
5. Without prejudice to Community competence and Community agreements as 
regards economic and monetary union, Member States may negotiate in 
international bodies and conclude international agreements.
CHAPTER 3
INSTITUTIONAL PROVISION
ARTICLE 109a
1. The Governing Council of the ECB shall comprise the members of the 
Executive Board of the ECB and the Governors of the national central banks.
2 (a) The Executive Board shall comprise the President, the Vice-President and 
four other members.
(b) The President, the Vice-President and the other members of the Executive 
Board shall be appointed from among the persons of recognized standing and 
professional experience in monetary or banking matters by common accord of the 
Governments of the Member States at the level of Heads of State or of 
Government, on a recommendation from the Council, after it has consulted the 
European Parliament and the Governing Council of the ECB.
Their term of office shall be eight years and shall not be renewable.
Only nationals of Member States may be members of the Executive Board.
ARTICLE 109b
1. The President of the Council and a member of the Commission may 
participate, without having the right to vote, in meetings of the Governing 
Council of the ECB.
The President of the Council may submit a motion for deliberation to the 
Governing Council of the ECB.
2. The President of the ECB shall be invited to participate in Council 
meetings when the Council is discussing matters relating to the objectives and 
tasks of the ESCB.
3. The ECB shall address an annual report on the activities of the ESCB and on 
the monetary policy of both the previous and current year to the European 
Parliament, the Council and the Commission, and also to the European Council. 
The President of the ECB shall present this report to the Council and to the 
European Parliament, which may hold a general debate on that basis.
The President of the ECB and the other members of the Executive Board may, at 
the request of the European Parliament or on their own initiative, be heard by 
the competent Committees of the European Parliament.
ARTICLE 109c
1. In order to promote coordination of the policies of Member States to the 
full extent needed for the functioning of the internal market, a Monetary 
Committee with advisory status is hereby set up.
It shall have the following tasks:
- to keep under review the monetary and financial situation of the Member 
States and of the Community and the general payments system of the Member 
States and to report regularly thereon to the Council and to the Commission;
- to deliver opinions at the request of the Council or of the Commission, or 
on its own initiative for submission to those institutions;
- without prejudice to Article 151, to contribute to the preparation of the 
work of the Council referred to in Articles 73f, 73g, 103(2), (3), (4) and 
(5), 103a, 104a, 104b, 104c, 109e(2), 109f(6), 109h, 109i, 109j(2) and 
109k(1);
- to examine, at least once a year, the situation regarding the movement of 
capital and the freedom of payments, as they result from the application of 
this Treaty and of measures adopted by the Council; the examination shall 
cover all measures relating to capital movements and payments; the Committee 
shall report to the Commission and to the Council on the outcome of this 
examination.
The Member States and the Commission shall each appoint two members of the 
Monetary Committee.
2. At the start of the third stage, and Economic and Financial Committee shall 
be set up. The Monetary Committee provided for in paragraph 1 shall be 
dissolved.
The Economic and Financial Committee shall have the following tasks:
- to deliver opinions at the request of the Council or of the Commission, or 
on its own initiative for submission to those institutions;
- to keep under review the economic and financial situation of the Member 
States and of the Community and to report regularly thereon to the Council and 
to the Commission, in particular on financila relations with third countries 
and international institutions;
- without prejudice to Article 151, to contribute to the preparation of the 
work of the Council referred to in Article 73f, 73g, 103(2), (3),(4) and (5), 
103a, 104a, 104b, 104c, 105(6), 105a(2), 106(5) and (6), 109, 109h, 109i(2) 
and (3), 109k(2), 109l(4) and (5), and to carry out other advisory and 
preparatory tasks assigned to it by the Council;
- to examine, at least once a year, the situation regarding the movement of 
capital and the freedom of payments, as they result from the application of 
this Treaty and of measures adopted by the Council; the examination shall 
cover all measures relating to capital movements and payments; the Commission 
shall report to the Commission and to the Council on the outcome of this 
examination.
The Member States, the Commission and the ECB shall each appoint no more than 
two members of the Committee.
3. The Council shall, acting by qualified majority on a proposal from the 
Commission and after consulting the ECB and the Committee referred to in the 
Article, lay down detailed provisions concerning the composition of the 
Economic and Financial Committee. The President of the Council shall inform 
the European Parliament of such a decision.
4. In addition to the tasks set in paragraph 2, if and as long as there are 
Member States with a derogation as referred to in Articles 109k and 109l, the 
Committee shall keep under review the monetary and financial situation and the 
general payments system of those Member States and report regularly thereon to 
the Council and to the Commission.
ARTICLE 109d
For matters within the scope of Articles 103(4), 104c with the exception of 
paragraph 14, 109, 109j, 109k and 109(4) and (5), the Council or a Member 
State may request the Commission to make a recommendation or a proposal, as 
appropriate. The Commission shall examine this request and submit its 
conclusions to the Council without delay.
CHAPTER 4
TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS
ARTICLE 109e
1. The second stage for achieving economic and monetary union shall begin on 1 
January 1994.
2. Before that date
(a) each Member State shall:
- adopt, where necessary, appropriate measures to comply with the prohibitions 
laid down in article 73b, without prejudice to Article 73e, and in Articles 
104 and 104a(1);
- adopt, if necessary, with a view to permitting the assessment provided for 
in subparagraph (b), multiannual programmes intended to ensure the lasting 
convergence necessary for the achievement of economic and monetary union, in 
particular with regard to price stability and sound public finances; 
(b) the Council shall, on the basis of a report from the Commission, assess 
the progress made with regard to economic and monetary convergence, in 
particular with regard to price stability and sound public finances, and the 
progress made with the implementation of Community law concerning the internal 
market.
3. The provision of Articles 104, 104a(1), 104b(1), and 104c with the 
exception of paragraphs 1,9,11 and 14 shall apply from the beginning of the 
second stage.
The provision of Articles 103a(2), 104c(1), (9) and (11), 105, 105a, 107, 109, 
109a, 109b and 109c(2) and (4) shall apply from the beginning of the third 
stage.
4. In the second stage, Member States shall endeavour to avoid excessive 
government deficits.
5. During the second stage, each Member State shall, as appropriate, start the 
process leading to the independence of its central bank, and in accordance 
with Article 108.
ARTICLE 109f  
1. At the start of the second stage, a European Monetary Institute 
(hereinafter referred to as "EMI") shall be established and take up its 
duties; it shall have legal personality and be directed and managed by a 
Council, consisting of a President and the Governors of the national central 
banks, one of whom shall be Vice-President.
The President shall be appointed by common accord of the Governments of the 
Member States at the level of Heads of State or of Government, on a 
recommendation from, as the case may be, the Committee of Governors of the 
central banks of the Member States (hereinafter referred to as "Committee of 
Governors" or the Council of the EMI, and after consulting the European 
Parliament and the Council. The President shall be selected from among persons 
of recognized standing and professional experience in monetary or banking 
matters. Only nationals of Member States may be President of the EMI. The 
Council of the EMI shall appoint the Vice-President.
The Statute of the EMI is laid down in a Protocol annexed to this Treaty.
The Committee of Governors shall be dissolved at the start of the second 
stage.
2. The EMI shall:
- strengthen cooperation between the national central banks;
- strengthen the coordination of monetary policies of the Member States, with 
the aim of ensuring price stability;
- monitor the functioning of the European Monetary System;
- hold consultations concerning issues falling within the competence of the 
national central banks and affecting the stability of financial institutions 
and markets;
- take over the tasks of the European Monetary Cooperation Fund, which shall 
be dissolved; the modalities of dissolution are laid down in the Statute of 
the EMI;
- facilitate the use of the ECU and oversee its development, including the 
smooth functioning of the ECU clearing system.
3. For the preparation of the third stage, the EMI shall:
- prepare the instruments and procedures necessary for carrying out a single 
monetary policy in the third stage;
- promote the harmonization, where necessary, of rules and practices governing 
the collection, compilation and distribution of statistics in the areas in the 
areas within its field of competence;
- prepare the rules for operations to be undertaken by the national central 
banks within the framework of the ESCB;
- promote the efficiency of cross-border payments;
- supervise the technical preparation of ECU bank notes.
At the latest by 31 December 1996, the EMI shall specify the regulatory, 
organizational and logistical framework necessary for the ESCB to perform its 
tasks in the third stage. This framework shall be submitted for decision to 
the ECB at the date of its establishment.
4. The EMI, acting by a majority of two thirds of the members of its Council, 
may:
- formulate opinions or recommendations on the overall orientation of monetary 
policy and exchange rate policy as well as on related measures introduced in 
each Member State;
- submit opinions or recommendations to Governments and to the Council on 
policies which might affect the internal or external monetary situation in the 
Community and, in particular, the functioning of the European Monetary System;
- make recommendations to the monetary authorities of the Member States 
concerning the conduct of monetary policy.
5. The EMI, acting unanimously, may decided to publish its opinions and its 
recommendations.
6. The EMI shall be consulted by the Council regarding any proposed Community 
act within its field of competence.
Within the limits and under the conditions set out by the Council, acting by a 
qualified majority on a proposal from the Commission and after consulting the 
European Parliament and the EMI, the EMI shall be consulted by the authorities 
of the Member States on any draft legislative provision within its field of 
competence.
7. The Council may, acting unanimously on a proposal from the Commission and 
after consulting the European Parliament and the EMI, confer upon the EMI 
other tasks for the preparation of the third stage.
8. Where this Treaty provides for a consultative role for the ECB, reference 
to the ECB shall be read as referring to the EMI before the establishment of 
the ECB. Where this Treaty provides for a consultative role for the EMI, 
references to the EMI shall be read, before 1 January 1994, as referring to 
the Committee of Governors.
9. During the second stage, the term "ECB" used in Articles 173, 175, 176, 
177, 180 and 215 shall be read as referring to the EMI.
ARTICLE 109g
The currency composition of the ECU basket shall not be changed.
From the start of the third stage, the value of the ECU shall be irrevocably 
fixed in accordance with Article 109l(4).
ARTICLE 109h
1. Where a Member State is in difficulties or is seriously threatened with 
difficulties as regards its balance of payments either as a result of a 
overall disequilibrium in its balance of payments, or as a result of the type 
of currency at its disposal, and where such difficulties are liable in 
particular to jeopardize the functioning of the common market or the 
progressive implementation of the common commercial policy, the Commission 
shall immediately investigate the position of the State in question and the 
action which, making use of all means at its disposal, that State has taken or 
may take in accordance with the provisions of this Treaty. The Commission 
shall state what measures it recommends the State concerned to take.
If the action taken by a Member States and the measures suggested by the 
Commission do not prove sufficient to overcome the difficulties which have 
arisen or which threaten, the Commission shall, after consulting the Committee 
referred to in Article 109c, recommend to the Council the granting of mutual 
assistance and appropriate methods thereof.
The Commission shall keep the Council regularly informed of the situation of 
how it is developing.
-- 
Peter H. Hellmonds - Princeton University - Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA 
Tel (609) 683-4893 (home) - (609) 258-4804 (off) - Fax (609) 258-2809 
Internet: hellmond@phoenix.Princeton.EDU ------ BITNET: hellmond@PUCC 
"If you think education is expensive, try ignorance".   --  Derek Bok 
Xref: sparky soc.culture.europe:6551 rec.sport.olympics:806