HDTenEightyP/NetNews huggingface dataset:
From: jack@robotics.jpl.nasa.gov (Jack Morrison)
Subject: Re: Programmed delays when accessing the PIC
Reply-To: jack@robotics.jpl.nasa.gov
Organization: Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Date: Fri, 11 Dec 1992 20:14:24 GMT

In article 1625@jet.uk, kr@jet.uk (Kenneth Reed) writes:
>A number of code fragments I've seen for programming the interrupt
>controller always follow the access to the port with a short delay
>(usually 2 "jmp $+2"s).

Many microprocessor support devices haven't changed much since the days of
1 MHz 8080's, and the internal registers can require several bus cycles to
complete some state changes. Even 8086's can hit them too fast with inline
code, so it's standard practice to add a few NOPs.

This is something I (and no doubt many others) learned the hard way long
ago, and it's become standard practice.

>This seems a bit arbitrary to me as the delays will have very
>different values when running on a 486 and an 8086 and I was wondering
>exactly what delay is actually required.

It's not the time that matters, but the number of bus cycles; PCs
generally run at the same bus clock (8 MHz) regardless of CPU.

>I tried programming the PIC on my 386 without any delays at all and it
>all worked fine so, perhaps, this is something required only on
>"older" PCs.

They may or may not be needed on a given system. If you're writing something
for yourself only, feel free to leave them out if it seems to work. If you're
doing it for anyone else, it seems a lot safer just to put them in and never
wonder if *that* might be why strange things happen on a full moon...
---
"How am I typing? Call 1-818-354-7782"               jack@robotics.jpl.nasa.gov
Jack Morrison/Jet Propulsion Lab/MS107-102 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena CA 91109

Newsgroups: comp.os.msdos.programmer
From: rsmith@plato.ds.boeing.com (Randall E Smith)
Subject: Re: Calling convention: C vs PASCAL
Organization: Boeing Defense & Space Group
Date: Tue, 15 Dec 1992 20:24:55 GMT

In article <dmurdoch.225.724125846@mast.queensu.ca> dmurdoch@mast.queensu.ca (Duncan Murdoch) writes:
>
>The important difference between standard C and Pascal calling conventions 
>is that in C, it's up to the caller to clean up the stack, while in Pascal 
>it's up to the called routine.  It's this difference that gives the Pascal 
>convention the edge:  every time you call a C-convention routine you need to 
>fix up the stack afterward, while a Pascal-convention routine does 
>it in just one place.  On a PC, there's even a special form of RET to 
>support the Pascal convention.  
>
>The advantage of the C convention is that it makes it easy to call routines 
>variable numbers of parameters.
>
>Duncan Murdoch
>dmurdoch@mast.queensu.ca

The calling conventions for C programs are NOT standard, but are left up to
the discretion of the compiler vendor.  So far, all compilers I've looked at do
push parameters from right to left, but the responsibility of cleaning up
the stack may vary.  The default method used by the MetaWare High C compiler
has the caller adjusting the stack after returning from the called function.  
A different compiler (Intermetrics) requires the called function to clean up 
the first parameter (with the RET n instruction) and has the caller clean up 
the rest.  This was probably done to improve performance for functions passing 
only one argument while maintaining the flexibility in passing a variable numbers 
of parameters.

Neither one of these techniques is compatible with Intel call gates, used in
protected mode to call more-privileged functions (e.g.: from ring 3 to ring 0.)
An inter-level call gate requires that the called function remove all parameters
from the stack.

As an aside, the MetaWare High C compiler does allows you to change the calling
conventions 'on-the-fly.'  This makes it convenient to link MetaWare object
modules with those generated by Pascal or Fortran compilers.

Randy Smith
From: fredex@fcshome.UUCP (fred smith)
Newsgroups: comp.os.msdos.programmer
Subject: Re: Calling convention: C vs PASCAL
Date: 15 Dec 92 13:47:54 GMT
Organization: What?!? Absolutely none!
X-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.1 PL7]

Duco Fijma (fijma@cs.utwente.nl) wrote:
: 
: Waht difference does this make for execution time? The cleanup code has to be
: executed for every invocation, whether it is included with the callers or the
: called code. Of course it does make difference for the code size.

The difference is that some processors include a single instruction that
cleans the stack and does the return. Presumably it is done in fewer
cycles than the discrete instructions to do the equivalent. If so, then
the return from a function will be faster.
Newsgroups: comp.os.msdos.programmer
From: mccall@mksol.dseg.ti.com (fred j mccall 575-3539)
Subject: Re: certification
Organization: Texas Instruments Inc
Date: Fri, 18 Dec 1992 18:27:58 GMT

In <a_rubin.724032404@dn66> a_rubin@dsg4.dse.beckman.com (Arthur Rubin) writes:

>>Are you a senior programmer, doing internal program design, 
>...

>>The Institute for Certification of Computer Professionals
>>(ICCP) has established recognized professional standards 
>>within the data processing/information technology industry.
>>To qualify for an ICCP designation, candidates must meet 
>>professional requirements and pass a combination of 
>>certification exams.  ICCP exams are offered twice annually 
>>worldwide. 

>Why should programmers care?  What benefit is it?

It is practically all MIS based.  If you're not a business center PA,
you probably SHOULDN'T care.

-- 
"Insisting on perfect safety is for people who don't have the balls to live
 in the real world."   -- Mary Shafer, NASA Ames Dryden
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fred.McCall@dseg.ti.com - I don't speak for others and they don't speak for me.
Newsgroups: comp.os.msdos.programmer
From: joe@proto.com (Joe Huffman)
Subject: Re: MS-DOS in 386 protected mode
Organization: FlashTek, Inc.
Date: Mon, 14 Dec 1992 23:29:16 GMT

iwirawan@tartarus.uwa.edu.au (Indra Wirawan) writes:

>bright@nazgul.UUCP (Walter Bright) writes:

>>I guess that all those 32 and 16 bit DOS programs I run in protected mode
>>under DOS every day were just 'pretending' to work... :-)

>If I'm not mistaken, you're the author of Zortech C/C++ compiler right ?

Mr. Bright worked on the compiler portion of the product and parts of the
runtime library.  He is not the sole author of the product.

-- 
netcom!proto!joe
joe@proto.com
Newsgroups: comp.os.msdos.programmer
From: cgordon@vpnet.chi.il.us (gordon hlavenka)
Subject: Re: Normal MSDOS multitasking!
Organization: Vpnet Public Access
Date: Mon, 14 Dec 1992 23:46:59 GMT

In article <5831@krafla.rhi.hi.is> einari@rhi.hi.is (Einar Indridason) writes:
>No, that is not a multitasking.  MeSsy-DOgS handles the pipe line with
>something like this:
>Run first program to completion, with standard output redirected to a 
>temporary file.
>Wait until first program has finished.
>...(etc.)

A little experiment to demonstrate this:  Do a 'DIR/P', then compare
the output to 'DIR | MORE'.

-- 
----------------------------------------------------
Gordon S. Hlavenka           cgordon@vpnet.chi.il.us
Vote straight ticket Procrastination party Dec. 3rd!
From: ds@dcs.ed.ac.uk (David Sinclair)
Newsgroups: comp.os.msdos.programmer
Subject: ?????? Undeleting ??????
Date: 16 Dec 92 11:23:58 GMT
Organization: Department of Computer Science, University of Edinburgh

Does anyone out there  know how to undelete file in the way that Norton or PC tools
does ?

I know the theory about how when a file is deleted, the data is still intact, and the
first character in the filename(in the FAT) is marked as deleted. However, I do not 
have a scooby about  how you would read from and write to the FAT.
Newsgroups: comp.os.msdos.programmer
From: imp@elvis.sovusa.com (Cyril Plisko)
Subject: Re: SIMPLE assembly question...
Reply-To: imp@elvis.sovusa.com
Organization: ELVIS Corp.
Date: Thu, 17 Dec 92 03:06:40 GMT

In article @byu.edu, $dougn@sasb.byu.edu (Douglas R. Nebeker - MIS_SAS) writes:
>
>Here is a simple one:
>
>is there ANY difference between  MOV ES,AX
>
>and                              PUSH AX
>                                 POP ES
> 
>(besides the fact that the stack pointers get moved a little)???
>
>Does this affect ANY flags?
>
>Thanks!
>

Neihter MOV nor PUSH/POP commands does not affects to flags.


Newsgroups: comp.os.msdos.programmer
From: brown@NCoast.ORG (Stan Brown)
Subject: Re: type ahead buffer
Organization: Oak Road Systems, Cleveland Ohio USA
Date: Sat, 12 Dec 1992 14:21:56 GMT

In article <1992Dec9.100312.13148@tc.cornell.edu> homer@theory.TC.Cornell.EDU (Homer Smith) writes:
>     How do I increase the size of my type ahead buffer in DOS 5.0?

Get BUF160_6.ZIP from PD1:<MSDOS.KEYBOARD> at Simtel.
-- 
Stan Brown, Oak Road Systems                      brown@Ncoast.ORG
Cleveland, Ohio, USA
"Of course I'm an egomaniac.  I've got America's sweetheart climbing up
my drainpipe!"                              -- {Soapdish}
From: iwirawan@tartarus.uwa.edu.au (Indra Wirawan)
Newsgroups: comp.os.msdos.programmer
Subject: Re: MS-DOS in 386 protected mode
Date: 13 Dec 1992 10:23:34 GMT
Organization: The University of Western Australia
NNTP-Posting-Host: tartarus.uwa.edu.au

bright@nazgul.UUCP (Walter Bright) writes:

>In article <10060@blue.cis.pitt.edu.UUCP> mchst12@pitt.edu writes:
>/It's absolutely impossible to run unmodified msdos in protect mode.

>I guess that all those 32 and 16 bit DOS programs I run in protected mode
>under DOS every day were just 'pretending' to work... :-)

If I'm not mistaken, you're the author of Zortech C/C++ compiler right ?
From: gcusanza@polyslo.csc.calpoly.edu (Gregory M. Cusanza)
Newsgroups: comp.os.msdos.programmer
Subject: PC-NFS or equivalent
Summary: RPC XDR
Date: 16 Dec 92 22:27:48 GMT
Distribution: na
Organization: Cal Poly San Luis Obispo, CSc Department


Does anyone know of a good XDR/RPC Programmers toolkit for a PC running
DOS?  My software team needs to write an application on a PC that is able to 
communicate with a SPARCstation through RPC.  I've looked into PC-NFS by 
SunSoft it is close to what we need.  Can anyone tell me how close the 
PC-NFS Programmer's toolkit is to the SunOS RPC/XDR function calls.  A 
large part of this project will require porting code directly from a SPARC.  

Can anyone recommend another toolkit that supports XDR/RCP that is reliable
and cheaper than PC-NFS?

Pleas e-mail responses to the address below.

Thanks, 

Greg Cusanza
gcusanza@autobahn.ARDFA.CalPoly.EDU
Applied Research and Development, Cal Poly
Organization: Penn State University
Date: Wed, 16 Dec 1992 15:40:56 EST
From: <GNR100@psuvm.psu.edu>
Newsgroups: comp.os.msdos.programmer
Subject: WANTED: Software to trace through .asm code

         Is there software available that will trace through an .asm file
and execute it (for purposes of debuggging)?  Is this what DEBUG is for?
I would like to get as close to the environment of a compiler for high level
code as possible. (ie. something similar to the deebugger in Turbo C or any
similar compiler.)  Thanks for all help.
                   Gordon Rogers
                    gnr100@psuvm.psu.edu
Newsgroups: comp.os.msdos.apps
From: joel@wam.umd.edu (Joel M. Hoffman)
Subject: Re: Unix Like Shell for PC?
Organization: University of Maryland, College Park
Date: Sun, 13 Dec 1992 14:54:00 GMT

In article <1992Dec10.151818.12207@cimage.com> wags@cimage.com (Bill Wagner) writes:
>>jtillema@hindmost.lpl.arizona.edu (John Tillema) writes:
>> 
>>Also, is there an implementation of awk out for dos?  I haven't 
>>seen it on the few ftp sites I have looked at (most of them were
>>mirrored from simtel20).

GNU's implementation of AWK, called ``GAWK,'' is widely available.
Try wuarchive.wustl.edu, e.g.

-Joel
Newsgroups: comp.os.msdos.apps,comp.sys.ibm.pc,comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware
From: byron@sfsuvax1.sfsu.edu (Byron Chun)
Subject: Where can I get drvrs for Adaptec 1522?
Organization: California State University, Sacramento
Date: Mon, 14 Dec 1992 19:14:39 GMT

Hello all,

I need to know if there are updated drivers to ASPI2DOS.SYS and
ASPIDISK.SYS.  The ones I have are dated 1990 and are not compatible
with SMARTDRV 4.0.  Is there an EMAIL address to Adaptec?  An FTP site
with drivers for 1522 boards?  Thankyou all in advance for any help.


-- 
byron@sfsuvax1.sfsu.edu         ========================================
                                | I wrote COBOL once, but I didn't     |
" ghoD QIp vuDlIj               |   compile.                           |
  =Famous Klingon phrase=     " | Standard disclaimers etc...          |
Newsgroups: comp.os.msdos.apps
From: h8915726@hkuxb.hku.hk (Medusa)
Subject: Re: Stacker 3.0
Reply-To: h8915726@hkuxa.hku.hk
Organization: University of Hong Kong
X-Newsreader: Tin 1.1 PL4
Date: Mon, 14 Dec 1992 12:59:55 GMT

charlan@vax2.concordia.ca (M.CHARLAND) writes:
: In article <Bz49wB.6wM@news.cso.uiuc.edu>, 
: mlandaue@ux4.cso.uiuc.edu (Michael C Landauer) writes...
: >I am considering buying Stacker 3.0 as my 40MB hard drive is almost full.
: >I would like to ask a couple questions to those who have used this product.
: > 
: >1.  What improvements were made from version 2.0?
: > 
	Faster, better compression (selectable) with smoother utilties
	come. Windows application added.

: >2.  Has anyone encountered any bugs?
: > 
	Not me. But surely willing to listen anyone's nightmare.
	(Someone has previously reported a disaster on the upgrade process).
	(Not me neither.)

: >3.  Are there any programs that don't work with it?
: > 
	Not yet found.

: >4.  To anyone using it with a 40MB hard drive:  How much space did it add?
: 
	Depending on what files you get. PKZIP, ARJ compress
	little on, like, .GIF, don't expect Stacker (or SuperStor)
	perform well over them. But 2:1 is generally achievable _overall_.

: Let me add:
: 
: 5.  How much RAM does it use?  Does it use more than v2.0?  How
: is its RAM usage compared to other products.
: 
	Exactly the same as 2.0.

: Thanks,
: Maurice Charland

--
Medusa
University of Hong Kong
H8915726@hkuxa.hku.hk

Newsgroups: comp.os.msdos.apps
From: mlandaue@ux4.cso.uiuc.edu (Michael C Landauer)
Subject: Stacker 3.0
Summary: Stacker 3.0 Questions
Organization: University of Illinois at Urbana
Date: Fri, 11 Dec 1992 22:45:46 GMT
Keywords: Stacker 3.0

I am considering buying Stacker 3.0 as my 40MB hard drive is almost full.
I would like to ask a couple questions to those who have used this product.

1.  What improvements were made from version 2.0?

2.  Has anyone encountered any bugs?

3.  Are there any programs that don't work with it?

4.  To anyone using it with a 40MB hard drive:  How much space did it add?

Thanx in advance!
Merry Xmas!


Mike Landauer
mlandaue@ux4.cso.uiuc.edu

------------------------------------------------------------
|                                                          |
|           "Oh, hell, I dunno." - Bono (U2)               |
|                                                          |
------------------------------------------------------------
From: johnson@akula.llnl.gov (  Robert Johnson          )
Newsgroups: comp.os.msdos.apps
Subject: Re: Out of Environment Space
Date: 17 Dec 92 17:41:38 GMT

In article <hansonj.724472768@helium>, hansonj@helium.gas.uug.arizona.edu (Jon M Hanson ) writes:
|> kan@epas.utoronto.ca (Raymond Kan) writes:
|> 
|> 
|> >	Every time I use Norton Commander I have this minor problem.
|> >After I give a DOS command like SET TEMP=C:\ in a batch file,
|> >I always get an out of environment space error message.  I always have
|> >to quit Norton Commander in order to run the batch file without error.
|> >Does someone out there know how to take care of this problem.  Many
|> >thanks!
|> 
|> 
|> C
|> Things like your path setting, the number of open files you are allowing for,
|> the number of stacks you have declared, and other options in your
|> AUTOEXEC.BAT and CONFIG.SYS all take up environment space. If you have a SHELL
|> command in you AUTOEXEC.BAT file, increase the number after the /E:. This may
|> or may not correct your environment space problem, but it's a place to start.
|> >Raymond

-- 
I have had the same problem and fixed it by incresing the environment
space as mentioned.  Another problem I have had is that there appears
to be a size limit for each variable.  For example, I have had a problem
with the PATH variable cutting off beyond a certain length.  I think it is
around 128 characters or so.  Does anyone know if this max length can be
modified?  Thank you in advance!

 _________________________________________________________________________
| Robert K. Johnson               Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory  |
| Internet: johnson60@llnl.gov    P. O. Box 808                           |
| Voice: (510) 422-8375           L-156                                   |
|_FAX:___(510) 422-3013__________ Livermore, CA 94551 ____________________|
Newsgroups: comp.os.msdos.apps
From: mulcihy@sweetpea.jsc.nasa.gov (David Mulcihy [483-1884 coopes])
Subject: Re: Request for DisplayWrite to DOS converters [repost]
Organization: McDonnell Douglas Space Systems Company
Distribution: na
Date: Fri, 11 Dec 1992 21:59:36 GMT

I found a book which does cover various file formats. I forget its name. 
I think it covers the display write format but I am not sure. I will not
be near the book til Thursday.
I will try then to remember to see what it says.
David Mulcihy
mulcihy@sweetpea.jsc.nasa.gov
From: bill@twg.bc.ca (Bill Irwin)
Newsgroups: comp.os.msdos.apps
Subject: What does "Out of hunk" mean?
Date: 16 Dec 92 05:59:56 GMT
Reply-To: bill@twg.bc.ca (Bill Irwin)
Followup-To: poster
Organization: The Westrheim Group, Vancouver, B.C., Canada

I have just loaded the game "Kings Quest V" and am getting this
message at exactly the same place in the game every time, without
fail.  Can anyone advise on what this means and how to get rid of
it?

(Please mail - my son is holding his breath for the answer)
-- 
Bill Irwin    -       The Westrheim Group     -    Vancouver, BC, Canada
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
uunet!twg!bill            (604) 431-9600 (voice) |     Your Computer  
bill@twg.bc.ca            (604) 430-4329 (fax)   |    Systems Partner
Newsgroups: comp.os.msdos.apps
From: liberato@dri.com (Jimmy Liberato)
Subject: Re: 1 meg on xt (8088)
Reply-To: liberato@drivax.mry.novell.com (Jimmy Liberato)
Organization: Novell/Desktop Systems Group, Monterey Development Center
Date: Wed, 16 Dec 92 18:13:26 GMT

charlan@vax2.concordia.ca (M.CHARLAND) writes:

>I have an XT with 1 meg of ram.  I have a phoenix BIOS and a device driver
>than assigns the top 360 K to a ramdisk.  As such, it is not very useful.
>Does anyone have a similar driver that would set up the extra ram as EMS?
>I purchased my machine used and have no way of knowing if such a driver
>came with it or even exists.

I had always thought that such latterday XT compatibles (which have the 
excess ram because they use 256Kx1 DRAM which is not an even multiple of 
640KB) either had 128KB of "permanent upper memory" (768KB total memory) 
which was often used to extend conventional memory beyond 640KB, or else 
there was 384K of non-system memory (1024KB total) addressable via an EMS 
page frame for use as a ramdisk or cache.  How can it have 360KB directly
addresssable in the Upper Memory Area?  That means they are able to put
all system, hard drive and video BIOS code into the remaining 24KB of 
addressable space.  Is that what you are saying?

--
Jimmy Liberato   liberato@drivax.mry.novell.com
                 ...uunet!drivax!liberato
From: genshirt@aegsg.UUCP (E312 Genshirt)
Newsgroups: comp.os.msdos.apps
Subject: wanted: appl for writing bill of materials
Date: 14 Dec 92 13:28:19 GMT
Organization: AEG-Seligenstadt, W. Germany

Can anybody recommend a tool to write bill of materials?

I want to use a graphical background (lines in different order and graphic
embleme) and fill out the material items in an easy way.

I tried WordPerfect, drawing lines in semi-graphic. But as soon as I entered
text in different font-size, the line-elements moved. There was no way to
correct the movements by inserting / deleting blanks or tabs.
                            

     -+----------------------+--
      |  <Small-Font-Text>  |    <---
      |  <Normal-Font-Text>  |
      |  <Big-Font-Text>      |  <---
     -+----------------------+-*
      |                      |

                              
Please e-mail to @genshirt.aegsg.UUCP

Thank you for your reply.

Thomas Genshirt
AEG-Modicon
From: shedevil@vix.com (Anne P. Mitchell JD)
Newsgroups: comp.os.msdos.apps
Subject: Help Needed with Creating a Function for Word Perfect
Date: 17 Dec 92 18:02:22 GMT
Organization: Knapp & Viola, Attys. at Law, San Mateo, CA
NNTP-Posting-Host: gw.home.vix.com


[And why isn't there a Word Perfect newsgroup??]

Dear Folks,

I need to somehow set up Word Perfect so that it performs the
following function:

Right now we have about 6 users on a Novell Lan, and each one has
their own Word Perfect subdirectory, so that all of their documents
are saved within the subdirectory structures.  Within that structure
are subsubdirectories, one each dedicated to each client the user
has.  So, for example, I might have a subdirectory "anne\smith" for
client Smith.

The problem is that other users may end up doing something for Mr.
Smith, so that there may be both an "anne\smith" subdirectory, and a
"john\smith" subdirectory.  We *do* need this sort of segregation, but
we also need a master client directory.

Therefore the function I would like to enable is something by which
when I save a document in "anne\smith", the file will also
automatically be saved in "client\smith".

Does anyone have any thoughts on this?
-- 
   LOOKING FOR:  Ed Young, Paul Murray, Vinnie Cattaloni, & Lorna Taylor
I am: Anne Mitchell, mom, & founder of the Fathers' Rights & Equality Exchange
Ask me about FREE!  FREE files available via anonymous ftp 128.45.1.1; dir /pub
          sex is a misdemeanor - the more I miss, the meaner I get.
From: charlan@vax2.concordia.ca (M.CHARLAND)
Newsgroups: comp.os.msdos.apps
Subject: Re: Stacker 3.0
Summary: Stacker 3.0 Questions
Keywords: Stacker 3.0
Date: 13 Dec 92 02:33:00 GMT
Organization: Concordia University
News-Software: VAX/VMS VNEWS 1.41

In article <Bz49wB.6wM@news.cso.uiuc.edu>, 
mlandaue@ux4.cso.uiuc.edu (Michael C Landauer) writes...
>I am considering buying Stacker 3.0 as my 40MB hard drive is almost full.
>I would like to ask a couple questions to those who have used this product.
> 
>1.  What improvements were made from version 2.0?
> 
>2.  Has anyone encountered any bugs?
> 
>3.  Are there any programs that don't work with it?
> 
>4.  To anyone using it with a 40MB hard drive:  How much space did it add?

Let me add:

5.  How much RAM does it use?  Does it use more than v2.0?  How
is its RAM usage compared to other products.

Thanks,
Maurice Charland
Newsgroups: comp.os.msdos.apps
From: siebeck@infoac.rmi.de (Wolfgang Siebeck)
Subject: Re: Out of Environment Space
Organization: RMI Net INFO.box Systems - Aachen - Hamburg - Wien
Date: Wed, 16 Dec 1992 16:12:40 GMT

kan@epas.utoronto.ca (Raymond Kan) writes:

>	Every time I use Norton Commander I have this minor problem.
>After I give a DOS command like SET TEMP=C:\ in a batch file,
>I always get an out of environment space error message.

The problem is, NC will give only the USED environment space to your
batch file. To avoid this, do the following:

In AUTOEXEC.BAT, insert some lines like:

set temp1=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
set temp2=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

The purpose is to use some environment space for the dummies. In your batch
file, you will insert at the beginning:

set temp1=
set temp2=

to free the space occupied by the dummies, and now you can use the space
for something useful. The more you need, the more dummies should be in
AUTOEXEC.BAT.

I use this approach since DOS 2.0, and it works.

Wolfgang

P.S.: May insert this into FAQ ???
--
siebeck@infoac.rmi.de (Wolfgang Siebeck)
Xref: sparky comp.os.msdos.apps:5883 comp.os.msdos.misc:6596