From: hporopudas@tnclus.tele.nokia.fi
Subject: Calendar (NEW,modified)
Organization: Nokia Telecommunications.
Date: Sat, 29 Aug 1992 09:58:09 GMT


 Hi !


     I little modified the Easter Rule.

             Hannu.


   Below this modified calendar:


 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

         CALENDAR

         Hannu K. J. Poropudas
         (R&D Engineer, Nokia Telecommunications)
         (E-Mail Address: hporopudas@tnclus.tele.nokia.fi)
         Vesaisentie 9E, 90900 Kiiminki, Finland


 ABSTRACT

   This calendar is improved version of the Gregorian calendar. It has
 different leap-year correction rules than usual Gregorian calendar and it
 also extends much longer future time area, because it takes into account
 shortening of tropical year and lengthening of mean solar day, by changing
 leap-year rules after time periods of approximately 8000 years.
   The lunar calendar is used in the definition of Easter Sunday. Connection
 between the solar calendar and the lunar calendar is also given here.



 NEW CALENDAR


 1 year =   12 months   = 365 days.

 1 week =    7 days.
 1 day  =   24 hours.
 1 hour =   60 minutes.
 1 minute = 60 seconds.

 Days (if possible Christian names could also be used instead of these):

 1. Sunday,
 2. Monday,
 3. Thuesday,
 4. Wednesday,
 5. Thursday,
 6. Friday,
 7. Saturday.

 Months (if possible Christian names could also be used instead of these):

 1.  January    31 days,
 2.  February   28 days,
 3.  March      31 days,
 4.  April      30 days,
 5.  May        31 days,
 6.  June       30 days,
 7.  July       31 days,
 8.  August     31 days,
 9.  September  30 days,
 10. October    31 days,
 11. November   30 days,
 12. December   31 days.


 Easter rule:

   Easter Sunday is approximately the first sunday after first full moon
 followed from the vernal equinox. Correct place for this calendar's vernal
 equinox is always the point, in northern hemisphere of Earth, when day's
 length increases to equal length as night's length. By this way the vernal
 equinox is always well defined.


 Connection between the solar calendar and the lunar calendar:

   Year's first month in the lunar calendar, starts during that new moon
 which is nearest to the vernal equinox. This first month starts 1-2 days
 after new moon, when Moon's narrow sickle starts to be seen.

 (if possible Christian names for lunar calendar's months could also be used).


 Leap-year correction rules until year 7500:


 1. To every year divisible by four, except years which are multiples of
 hundred, one solar day is added to the end of February.

 2. To every year, which is multiple of five hundred, one solar day is added
 to the end of February.


 Calendar maker's rule and all near future leap-year correction rules
 (not unified form):


   Shorthening of tropical year and lengthening of mean solar day must be
 accounted in calendar with new leap-year corrections after certain period
 of time.
   Calendar which takes into account of shortening of tropical year and
 lengthening of mean solar day must keep so. called "calendar maker's rule",
 which gives the number of mean solar days per tropical year at certain
 point T of time:
                           -5
       365,2422 - 1,25 * 10   T

 , where T is time in uniform centuries (Juliaanic centuries).
 Formula's safe area of use is about 10000 years at present accuracy of
 astronomical measurements.
   Measured tropical year at a certain point T of time is (Allen 1973):
                               -6
       365,24219878 - 6,16 * 10   T

 , where T is uniform centuries (Juliaanic centuries).
   Measured number of mean solar days at certain point T of time is
 (Allen 1973):
            15       1                         -8
       1 + ----- * ----- * T  = 1 + 1,7361 * 10   T
           10000   86400
 , where T is uniform centuries (Juliaanic centuries).
 Lengthening of day is so small that it corresponds one second per 67000 years.
   Combining these both effects we have the number of mean solar days per
 tropical year:
                               -6
       365,24219878 - 6,16 * 10   T
       ----------------------------
                          -8
           1 + 1,7361 * 10   T

 , which is approximately, if only first order term is accounted:
                           -5
       365,2422 - 1,25 * 10   T  .

  (From ancient fossil data we can also be confirmed that mean solar days per
   tropical year is decreasing quantity).

   The value 365,0000 is acieved possibly not until approximately in 2 million
 years. This is the point where there are no leap-year corrections and
 calendar's all definitions are still valid.
   If the last two digits are allowed to change, then the period, in which the
 last digit changes, is 800 years. The period, in which the last but one digit
 changes, is 8000 years (and so on). The period of 8000 years seems to be best
 choice for the first approximation:

 days/year  Approximation    N = 100* T      Leap-year rules
            days/year       (future time     (not unified form)
                             = 1900 + N)     for 8000 years periods
                                             (n=integer)
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 365,2422   365,242                0             n*4,    +1 day
 365,2421                        800             n*100,  -1 day
 365,2420                       1600             n*500,  +1 day
 365,2419                       2400
 365,2418                       3200
 365,2417                       4000
 365,2416                       4800
 365,2415                       5600
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 365,2414   365,241             6400             n*4,    +1 day
 365,2413                       7200             n*100,  -1 day
 365,2412                       8000             n*1000, +1 day
 365,2411                       8800
 365,2410                       9600
 365,2409                      10400
 365,2408
 365,2407
 365,2406
 365,2405
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 365,2404   365,240                              n*4,    +1 day
 365,2403                                        n*100,  -1 day
 365,2402
 365,2401
 365,2400
 365,2399
 365,2398
 365,2397
 365,2396
 365,2395
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 365,2394   365,239                              n*4,    +1 day
 365,2393                                        n*100,  -1 day
 365,2392                                        n*1000, -1 day
 365,2391
 365,2390
 365,2389
 365,2388
 365,2387
 365,2386
 365,2385
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 365,2384   365,238                              n*4,    +1 day
 365,2383                                        n*100,  -1 day
 365,2382                                        n*500,  -1 day
 365,2381
 365,2380
 365,2379
 365,2378
 365,2377
 365,2376
 365,2375
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 365,2374   365,237                              n*4,    +1 day
 365,2373                                        n*80,   -1 day
 365,2372                                        n*2000, -1 day
 365,2371
 365,2370
 365,2369
 365,2368
 365,2367
 365,2366
 365,2365
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 365,2364   365,236                              n*4,    +1 day
 365,2363                                        n*60,   -1 day
 365,2362                                        n*380,  +1 day
 365,2361
 365,2360
 365,2359
 365,2358
 365,2357
 365,2356
 365,2355
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 365,2354   365,235                              n*4,    +1 day
 365,2353                                        n*60,   -1 day
 365,2352                                        n*600,  +1 day
 365,2351
 365,2350
 365,2349
 365,2348
 365,2347
 365,2346
 365,2345
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 365,2344   365,234                              n*4,    +1 day
 365,2343                                        n*60,   -1 day
 365,2342                                        n*1500, +1 day
 365,2341
 365,2340
 365,2339
 365,2338
 365,2337
 365,2336
 365,2335
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 365,2334   365,233                              n*4,    +1 day
 365,2333                                        n*60,   -1 day
 365,2332                                        n*3000, -1 day
 365,2331
 365,2330
 365,2329
 365,2328
 365,2327
 365,2326
 365,2325
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 365,2324   365,232                              n*4,    +1 day
 365,2323                                        n*60,   -1 day
 365,2322                                        n*750,  -1 day
 365,2321
 365,2320
 365,2319
 365,2318
 365,2317
 365,2316
 365,2315
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 365,2314   365,231                              n*4,    +1 day
 365,2313                                        n*50,   -1 day
 365,2312                                        n*1000, +1 day
 365,2311
 365,2310
 365,2309
 365,2308
 365,2307
 365,2306
 365,2305
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 365,2304   365,230                              n*4,    +1 day
 365,2303                                        n*50,   -1 day
 365,2302
 365,2301
 365,2300
 365,2299
 365,2298
 365,2297
 365,2296
 365,2295
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------

  ...       ...                                  ...  and so on



 REFERENCES CITED

 1. Allen, C. W., 1973.
    Astrophysical Quantities.
    3. ed. Athlone Press, University of London, London, 1973.