From: A.Raman@massey.ac.nz (Anand V Raman)
Subject: Indhist (shar) part 1 of 4
Organization: Massey University Computer Centre
Date: Sun, 4 Oct 92 04:18:54 GMT

   This and the following four posts constitute the shell archive of
   Indhist.  You need a UNIX environment to run  the current version
   of Indhist.  To unpack it, save the four  parts seamlessly and in
   the correct sequence  into a single  file, say "indhist.shar" and
   run  the file through /bin/sh  by  typing  "sh indhist.shar" Make
   sure you see  the `Begin' and  `End' lines of   each part.   When
   you're  done saving the  parts, the shar  file  must  be at least
   102780 bytes.  -- &

# --- Cut here and throw this line away --- Indhist part 1 of 4 begins ---
[ -d Indhist1.0 ] || (echo Making Dir Indhist1.0 && mkdir Indhist1.0) || exit 1;
chdir Indhist1.0 || exit 1;
echo Extracting INSTALL 1>&2
sed 's/^X //' >INSTALL <<'End of INSTALL' && chmod 755 INSTALL
X #! /bin/sh
X # INSTALL script for Indhist1.0
X # anand, 01 Sep 92
X 
X # What kind of echo does this system use?
X TEMP=`echo "x\c"`
X if [ $TEMP = "x\c" ]; then
X    SWITCH_ECHO="1";
X fi
X echo ""
X echo "Congratulations on making the decision to install Indhist."
X echo "You will be asked a few questions in the course of this installation."
X echo "Defaults answers for these questions are shown within square brackets."
X echo "If you are not sure of the answer to any question, press ENTER"
X echo "and the default answer will be chosen."
X echo "You can use keyboard signals to kill or suspend this script anytime."
X echo ""
X echo "Enter the name of the directory to place the executables in."
X echo "If it doesn't already exist, it will be created for you."
X echo ""
X if [ "$SWITCH_ECHO" ]; then
X    echo -n 'Bin directory? (~ form is ok) [$HOME/bin]: '
X else
X    echo 'Bin directory? (~ form is ok) [$HOME/bin]: \c'
X fi
X read BINDIR;
X if [ x$BINDIR = x ]; then
X    BINDIR=$HOME/bin
X fi
X BINDIR=`echo $BINDIR | sed 's/^~/$HOME/'`
X BINDIR=`eval echo $BINDIR`
X echo ""
X echo "The executables will be placed in $BINDIR"
X echo ""
X if [ ! -d $BINDIR ]; then
X    echo "$BINDIR doesn't exist."
X    echo "Trying to create $BINDIR...";
X    mkdir $BINDIR || exit 1;
X fi
X echo ""
X # Check if getopt exists
X if sh -c "getopt x -x >/dev/null" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
X    echo "Your system already has a getopt.  I won't install the one"
X    echo "that came with this distribution."
X else
X    echo "Your system doesn't have a getopt; let me install one for you..."
X    echo "Please wait, I'm compiling getopt.c"
X    echo "cc -o $BINDIR/getopt getopt.c"
X    cc -o $BINDIR/getopt getopt.c || exit 1;
X    echo "There, now you have one!"
X fi
X 
X # Confirm if the user wants to use random or expr(1)
X echo ""
X echo "Do you want to use the random that came with this distribution"
X echo "or use the system expr(1) to generate random integers?"
X echo ""
X if [ "$SWITCH_ECHO" ]; then
X    echo -n "random? [yes]: "
X else
X    echo "random? [yes]: \c"
X fi
X read TEMP;
X if [ x$TEMP = xyes -o x$TEMP = x ]; then
X    echo "Wise decision.  Let me install random for you."
X    echo "Please wait, I'm compiling random.c"
X    echo "cc -o $BINDIR/random random.c"
X    cc -o $BINDIR/random random.c || \
X       echo "Oops! random didn't compile.  But don't worry.  You've got expr."
X fi
X 
X echo ""
X echo "Installing fifo and Indhist in $BINDIR..."
X 
X # If you want the shell to search your path to find executables called
X # from within these programs, uncomment the following two statements.
X #
X cp Indhist $BINDIR && chmod 755 $BINDIR/Indhist
X cp fifo $BINDIR && chmod 755 $BINDIR/fifo
X 
X # If you don't want to alter your PATH to point to the directory containing
X # Indhist and fifo, you probably want to uncomment the following statements.
X # (Note that you can't move the executables around if you do this)
X #
X #cat fifo | sed 's@PRGNAME=Indhist@PRGNAME='$BINDIR'/Indhist@' >$BINDIR/fifo
X #cat Indhist | sed 's@RAND=random@RAND='$BINDIR'/random@' >$BINDIR/Indhist
X 
X echo ""
X echo "Checking to see if $BINDIR is accessible"
X echo "through your PATH..."
X echo ""
X if echo $PATH | grep -s ":$BINDIR:"; then
X    echo "Good! You can run the executables simply by typing their names."
X else
X    echo "* WARNING * $BINDIR cannot be found in your PATH."
X    echo ""
X    echo "You will have to type the entire pathnames for your commands"
X    echo "each time you want to run them."
X    echo "Otherwise, you must look at altering your PATH environment variable."
X    echo "Check out your .cshrc, .login, .profile or whatever."
X fi
X 
X # Check if the user wants to register with us for future releases
X 
X echo ""
X echo "Do you want to register your name with me so you will be automatically"
X echo "notified when future versions are released?"
X echo "It's free.  Also you won't have to waste time poking around at archives"
X echo "to see if the versions there are different from the one you're running."
X echo "You can unregister at any time by mailing A.Raman@massey.ac.nz with"
X echo "the subject: unregister indhist."
X echo ""
X if [ "$SWITCH_ECHO" ]; then
X    echo -n "Register? [yes]: "
X else
X    echo "Register? [yes]: \c"
X fi
X read TEMP;
X if [ x$TEMP = xyes -o x$TEMP = x ]; then
X    echo "Good.  Please wait while I register you..."
X    echo "Indhist1.0" | /usr/ucb/mail -s "REGISTER" A.Raman@massey.ac.nz \
X 	>/dev/null 2>&1
X    if [ $? != 0 ]; then
X       echo "Oops! Unable to register you.  Send mail to A.Raman@massey.ac.nz"
X       echo "to register."
X    fi
X fi
X echo ""
X echo "Installation complete.  You are now ready to use Indhist."
End of INSTALL
echo Extracting Indhist 1>&2
sed 's/^X //' >Indhist <<'End of Indhist' && chmod 755 Indhist
X #! /bin/sh
X # Indhist: Print a random record from the Indian History database.
X # Version 1.0
X # anand v raman, 1991-1992
X 
X RAND=random
X 
X [ $1 ] && db=$1 || db=$0;
X n=`sed -n '/^ *[0-9]*%/p' $db | sed -n '$p'| sed 's/%.*//'`
X [ $n ] || n=50;
X [ -r $RAND ] && a=`sh -c "$RAND $n" 2>/dev/null` || a=`expr $$ % \( $n + 1 \)`
X sed -n "s/^ *$a%\(.*\)/\1/p" $db;
X exit 0;
X 
X   0%...for whereas among other nations it is usual, in the contests of war, to
X   0%ravage the soil, and thus to reduce it to an uncultivated waste, among the
X   0%Indians, on the contrary, by whom husbandsmen are regarded as a class that
X   0%is  sacred and inviolable, the tillers  of the soil,  even  when battle is
X   0%raging in their neighbourhood, are undisturbed by any sense of danger, for
X   0%the combatants on either side in waging  the conflict make carnage of each
X   0%other, but  allow those  engaged in husbandry  to remain quite unmolested.
X   0%Besides, they never ravage  an enemy's land with fire,   nor cut down  its
X   0%trees.
X   0%
X   0%- Diodoros Siculos Bib.II.36.
X   1%...Of the several remarkable customs existing among the Indians,  there is
X   1%one prescribed by their ancient philosophers which one may regard as truly
X   1%admirable:  for the law ordains that  no one among   them shall, under any
X   1%circumstances, be a slave, but that, enjoying  freedom, they shall respect
X   1%the equal right to it which all possess: for those, they thought, who have
X   1%learned neither to domineer over nor cringe to others will attain the life
X   1%best adapted for the vicissitudes of the lot.
X   1%
X   1%- Diodoros Siculos Bib.III.39
X   2%By way of embellishing their persons, they  dye  their beards with a great
X   2%variety of   the most florid  hues.  This  custom prevails elsewhere among
X   2%many of the Indians, who bestow great attention on  dyeing both their hair
X   2%and  their  garments with  the   colours of surprising  beauty which their
X   2%country produces.  The people in other  respects  are frugal, but are fond
X   2%of ornament.
X   2%
X   2%- Strabo Book XV:I.30
X   3%A  peculiar custom is  mentioned as existing among   the people of Kathaia
X   3%[Prob. Amritsar] -- that the husband and wife  choose each other, and that
X   3%the wives burn themselves along with their deceased  husbands.  The reason
X   3%for this is that the wives would  sometimes fall in  love with  young men,
X   3%and desert   their  husbands or poison   them.  This law   was   therefore
X   3%instituted with a view to suppress the practice of administering poison.
X   3%
X   3%- Strabo Book XV:I.30
X   4%Indian  women if very  prudent would  not  sacrifice their  virtue for any
X   4%reward short of an elephant, but on receipt of one their  scruples vanish.
X   4%Nor  do the Indians  consider  it  any disgrace   to a woman to  grant her
X   4%favours for an elephant.  On the contrary, it is taken as a high honour to
X   4%the sex that their charms should seem to be worth an elephant.
X   4%
X   4%- Arrian's Indika.c.17
X   5%The Indians all live frugally, especially when in  camp.  They care not to
X   5%congregate in large  unruly  masses, and they   consequently  observe good
X   5%order.  Theft is a thing of very rare occurrence.  Megasthanes, who was in
X   5%the camp  of Sandrokottos [Chandragupta] which consisted  of  400,000 men,
X   5%says he found that the thefts reported  on any one day did  not exceed the
X   5%value of 200 drachmai.
X   5%
X   5%- Strabo Book XV:I.53
X   6%Their [The Indians'] tombs are plain and the mounds raised over  the dead,
X   6%lowly.  In contrast to the simplicity they observe in other  matters, they
X   6%love finery and ornament.  They  wear dresses worked  in gold, and adorned
X   6%with  precious stones,  and  also  flowered  robes made   of fine  muslin.
X   6%Attendants follow them with umbrellas; for they hold beauty in high esteem
X   6%and resort to any device which helps to improve their looks.
X   6%
X   6%- Strabo Book XV:I.54
X   7%It  is said  that  the Indians  do not rear  monuments  to  the  dead, but
X   7%consider the  virtues which men have  displayed in life,  and the songs in
X   7%which their praises  are celebrated, sufficient  to preserve  their memory
X   7%after death.
X   7%
X   7%- Arrian's Indika.c.10
X   8%...This  same  writer says  that   none of  the    Indians  employ slaves.
X   8%Onesikritos however says that the custom was peculiar to the people in the
X   8%country of Mousikanos.  He speaks of this as a  right thing,  and mentions
X   8%with  like approbation  many other things  to  be  found in this  country,
X   8%resulting from the excellent laws by which it is governed.
X   8%
X   8%- Strabo Book XV:I.54
X   9%The Brahmans do not communicate a knowledge of  philosophy to their wives,
X   9%lest they should divulge any of the forbidden mysteries to the profane, if
X   9%they  became depraved,  or  lest they desert    them if they became   good
X   9%philosophers; for no one who  despises alike pleasure  and pain, life  and
X   9%death, is willing to be subject to another; and this is the character both
X   9%of a good man and of a good woman.
X   9%
X   9%- Strabo Book XV:I.59
X  10%The discourse of the Brahmans turns frequently on death.  They regard this
X  10%life  as the time,  so to  speak, when the  child within  the womb becomes
X  10%mature, and death as a birth into a real and happy life for those that are
X  10%philosophers.  On account of  this, they   undergo much  discipline   as a
X  10%preparation for death.
X  10%
X  10%- Strabo Book XV:I.59
X  11%They [The  Brahmans] consider that  nothing that befalls  men to be either
X  11%good or bad, for otherwise some persons would not be  affected with sorrow
X  11%and others with joy by the very same things,  their notions being inane as
X  11%dreams, nor  would the same persons  be  affected at different  times with
X  11%sorrow and joy by the very same things.
X  11%
X  11%- Strabo Book XV:I.59
X  12%What foreign land is more  vast and wild than  India?   Yet in that nation
X  12%first those who are reckoned  sages spend their lifetime naked, and endure
X  12%the snows of Caucasus and  the rage  of winter  without grieving, and when
X  12%they have committed their body to  the  flames, not a  groan  escapes them
X  12%when they are burning.
X  12%
X  12%- Cicero Tusc. Disput v.27
X  13%In  selecting a bride they [the  Indians] care nothing   whether she has a
X  13%dowry, but look  only to her  beauty and other advantages of   the outward
X  13%person.
X  13%
X  13%- Diodoros Siculos Bib.XVII.91
X  14%Mandanis [The Brahman] called Onesikritos to him, and said that he praised
X  14%the king [Alexander] because though  he ruled over  so great an empire, he
X  14%nevertheless desired wisdom, and was the  only philosopher  in arms he had
X  14%ever seen.  It would indeed be the greatest of  all benefits  if those who
X  14%have the power to persuade the willing and compel the  unwilling  to learn
X  14%moderation  were  men   of good  sense.  `I  am entitled,'  he  added, `to
X  14%indulgence, if,  while conversing by   means  of three interpreters,  who,
X  14%except the language, understand nothing we say any more than the vulgar, I
X  14%am unable to demonstrate the utility  of  philosophy.  One  might  as well
X  14%expect water to flow pure through mud.'
X  14%
X  14%- Strabo Book XV:I.64, (Also Plutarch: Life of Alexander c.65)
X  15%The tendency of the discourse of Mandanis was this, that the best doctrine
X  15%was that which removed pleasure and grief from the mind; ...
X  15%
X  15%Mandanis,  having spoken   to  this effect,  then   enquired whether  such
X  15%doctrines  were   current among  the Greeks.     Onesikritos replied `that
X  15%Pythogoras taught a  similar  doctrine, and  enjoined  their  disciples to
X  15%abstain  from animal  food;  and that  Sokrates  and  Diogenes,  to  whose
X  15%discourses he  had listened held like opinions.   Mandanis replied that in
X  15%other respects he thought they entertained sound notions, but erred on one
X  15%point by preferring custom  to  nature, for otherwise  they would  not  be
X  15%ashamed to go naked like himself and to subsist on frugal fare -- for that
X  15%was the best house which required least repairs.'
X  15%
X  15%- Strabo Book XV:I.65
X  16%Onesikritos says  also that the  Brahmans  busy  themselves with enquiries
X  16%concerning natural phenomena, prognostics,  rains, droughts, and diseases.
X  16%When they repair to the city they disperse themselves in the market-place.
X  16%Every wealthy house is open to them, even to the apartments  of the women.
X  16%On  entering they share the repast  and join  in the conversation.   It is
X  16%considered most disgraceful  to  have any bodily  disease.  Hence when one
X  16%suspects himself to be infected he rids himself  of life by means of fire,
X  16%for  having  prepared a  funeral pile  and anointed  himself,   he settles
X  16%himself upon the pyre, orders  it to be   kindled, and remains  motionless
X  16%while he is burning.
X  16%
X  16%- Strabo Book XV:I.65
X  17%Nearchos gives the following account  of  the Sages.  Some of the Brahmans
X  17%take part in  political life, and  attend the kings  as  counsellors.  The
X  17%others are engaged in the study of nature.   Kalanos [Kalyana] belonged to
X  17%the latter class.  Women study philosophy along with them, and all lead an
X  17%austere life.
X  17%
X  17%- Strabo Book XV:I.66
X  18%In  the  accounts of India, the  following  custom is also mentioned, that
X  18%instead of  prostrating themselves before their kings  and  all persons of
X  18%high rank and authority, it is usual to address them with prayers.
X  18%
X  18%- Strabo Book XV:I.67
X  19%Among the  other [Indian] tribes again the  land is cultivated by families
X  19%in common, and when the crops are collected, each  person takes a load for
X  19%his support throughout the year.   The remainder of  the produce is burned
X  19%to give them a reason for setting to work anew, and not remaining idle.
X  19%
X  19%- Strabo Book XV:I.66
X  20%There  are no slaves   in   the  Island  of  Taprobane  [Sri  Lanka];  the
X  20%inhabitants do not prolong their slumbers till  daybreak, nor sleep during
X  20%the day; their  buildings are only of  a moderate height  from the ground;
X  20%the price of corn is  never  enhanced; they have  no courts of law and  no
X  20%litigation.  Hercules is the God they worship; their king is chosen by the
X  20%people and must be an old man, of a gentle  disposition and childless, and
X  20%if after  his  election he   should  beget  children, he   is  required to
X  20%abdicate, lest the throne should become hereditary; thirty counsellors are
X  20%provided for him by the people,and no one can be condemned to death except
X  20%by the vote of the majority  -- the  person so condemned has, however, the
X  20%right of appeal to the people, in which case  a jury of seventy persons is
X  20%appointed; if these should acquit the accused, the thirty counsellors lose
X  20%all the respect they enjoyed, and are subjected to the uttermost disgrace.
X  20%
X  20%- Pliny, Nat.Hist. Book VI: c.22(24)
X  21%The companions  of Alexander the great have  written that  in the tract of
X  21%India, which he subdued, there were 5000 towns, none less than Cos -- that
X  21%its nations were nine in number --  that  India  was the third part of the
X  21%world, and that the multitude of its inhabitants  was past reckoning.  For
X  21%this there  was probably a  good reason, since  the  Indians  almost alone
X  21%among the nations have never emigrated from their own borders.
X  21%
X  21%- Pliny, Nat.Hist. Book VI: c.17(21)
X  22%In India there  is both  a cultivated  and a wild  barley, from which they
X  22%make excellent bread  as well as  a  kind of pottage.  But their favourite
X  22%diet is rice, from which a ptisan is prepared like that which is elsewhere
X  22%made from barley.
X  22%
X  22%- Pliny, Nat.Hist. Book XVIII: c.10(22)
X  23%In the  Indian  royal palace where the greatest  of all the  kings  of the
X  23%country  resides,  besides  much  else  which is   calculated   to  excite
X  23%admiration, and with  which neither  Memnonian  Susa with  all its  costly
X  23%splendour,  nor  Ekbatana with all its   magnificence  can vie, there  are
X  23%wonders besides, which  I cannot undertake  to describe in this  treatise.
X  23%In the  parks  tame peacocks  are  kept,  and pheasants  which   have been
X  23%domesticated; and among cultivated  plants  there are some   to  which the
X  23%kings servants attend with special care,  for  there  are shady groves and
X  23%pasture-grounds planted with trees, and branches of trees which the art of
X  23%the woodsman has deftly interwoven.
X  23%
X  23%- Aelian Book XIII.c.xviii
X  24%In India, and more especially in the country of the Prasians, liquid honey
X  24%falls like  rain  upon the  herbage  and  the  leaves of  marsh-reeds, and
X  24%supplies sheep and oxen with an admirable kind of nutriment, the exceeding
X  24%sweetness  of which  the animals highly  relish.   Now the  herdsmen drive
X  24%them  to those spots  where  this delicious dew  falls  and  lies, and the
X  24%cattle  in return  supply the herdsmen  with  a delicious repast, for they
X  24%yield a very sweet milk which does not require honey  to be mixed  with it
X  24%as is done in Greece.
X  24%
X  24%- Aelian Book XV.c.vii
X  25%Even very  small animals are not beneath  his [the Indian  king's] regard,
X  25%but he even accepts them when brought to him as presents;  for the Indians
X  25%do not look down with contempt at any animal whatever,  whether it be tame
X  25%or wild.
X  25%
X  25%- Aelian Book XIII.c.vii
X  26%Now at the time of which  I am  speaking, Porus was the  ruler of India, a
X  26%man of astonishing stature, quite transcending that of other men, while in
X  26%mental  capacity he did  not fall below the  level  of  endowments of  his
X  26%outward person.  On  his learning that Alexander  was directing his  march
X  26%towards him, he  warned  him to keep  his  distance, but  this  only  more
X  26%sharply stimulated the foe whom he defied, and in  a  fierce battle he was
X  26%defeated and made prisoner.  This king was notwithstanding admitted into a
X  26%circle  of Alexander's   friends,  and,  on  account  of his distinguished
X  26%merits, had the administration of his kingdom restored to him.  Thus it is
X  26%unquestionably  the duty of  a man of  right principle, who  rules a state
X  26%because he is more powerful than others, equally so to yield it up at once
X  26%to another who  is more powerful than himself,  since whoever  is aware of
X  26%his own mediocrity has sufficiently done his part by his knowing himself.
X  26%
X  26%- Itinerarium Alexandrium:111 [Auth. prob: Julius Valerius, 4th cent]
X  27%Both Shamans [Sramanas] and Brahmans have such a notion of death that they
X  27%impatiently  bear with  life,  and  view   it but   as  a necessary though
X  27%burdensome service imposed upon them by nature.   They  hasten, therefore,
X  27%to free the soul from the body.  And often when a man  is  in good health,
X  27%and no  evil whatever presses  upon   him, he  will  give notice   of  his
X  27%intention to quit the world, and his friends will not  try to dissuade him
X  27%from it, but rather account him happy...
X  27%
X  27%- Bardesanes (2nd cent) in Porphyrios De Abstinentia IV.16-18
X  28%To the philosopher  alone is it permitted  to be from  any caste whatever,
X  28%for no easy life is his, but the hardest of all.
X  28%
X  28%- Arrian's Indika.c.12
X  29%But when old age or disease affects them [the Indian philosophers] they go
X  29%far away from others,  and await death...without any anxiety....Those that
X  29%are wiser...do  not  await its  coming,  but for the  sake of the glory to
X  29%accrue gladly invite it by casting themselves into a burning pyre.
X  29%
X  29%- Pomponius Mela III.vii.40
X  30%The mountain Brahmans subsist on  fruits and cow-milk, curdled with herbs,
X  30%while the dwellers by the Ganges subsist on the fruits which grow in great
X  30%plenty on the banks of the river, for the soil produces an almost constant
X  30%succession   of fresh  fruits  --  nay, even  much wild   rice which grows
X  30%spontaneously, and is used for food when there is a lack of fruit.  But to
X  30%taste anything else, or so much as to touch animal food, is held to be the
X  30%height of impurity and impiety.
X  30%
X  30%- Bardesanes (2nd cent) in Porphyrios De Abstinentia IV.16-18
X  31%They [the Indians] have  besides  at hand water-baths  of two kinds;  that
X  31%which is hot and clearer than silver, and the other dark-blue by reason of
X  31%its depth  and coldness.    In these the women  and  children  swim  about
X  31%together -- all of them  models of beauty.   Emerging from the bath, I can
X  31%fancy them lying down in  the  meadows,  commingling their sweet voices in
X  31%mirth and song.
X  31%
X  31%- Dion Chrysostom (1st cent) Oratio XXXV.434
X  32%Their [the Indians']  span of  life is not less than  forty years, and for
X  32%all this time they are in the bloom of youth and they know neither old age
X  32%nor disease nor want.  But though  India is actually in  the  enjoyment of
X  32%all  these blessings, there are  nevertheless   men called Brahmans,  who,
X  32%bidding adieu to the rivers and turning away from those with whom they had
X  32%been thrown in contact, live apart, absorbed in philosophic contemplation,
X  32%subjecting their bodies  to sufferings of  astonishing severity, though no
X  32%one compels  them, and submitting   to terrible endurances.   It is  said,
X  32%further,  that they possess a  remarkable fountain --  that of truth -- by
X  32%far the  best and most  divine of all -- and   that any  one  who has once
X  32%tasted it can never be satiated or filled with it.
X  32%
X  32%- Dion Chrysostom (1st cent) Oratio XXXV.434
X  33%The Brahmans neither eat anything having life  nor drink wine, but some of
X  33%them everyday, like ourselves, take food, while others of them do  so once
X  33%in  three days,  as Alexander  Polyhistor  relates  in his  Indika.   They
X  33%despise death and set no value on life.
X  33%
X  33%- Clemens Alexandrinus (3rd Cent) Stromateis III.194
X  34%Appolonius waited in this temple [in  Taxila] till  he was received by the
X  34%king, whose name was Phraotes, to enter the  gates of the city and present
X  34%himself at the  palace.  There  he  was  received by  the king (who  spoke
X  34%Greek), not only  with courtesy,  but  with all the  respect and deference
X  34%considered due to a philosophic sage...  After they had sojourned with him
X  34%for three days, he gave Appolonius provisions and a guide to the Brahmans,
X  34%whose seat lay between the Hyphasis and the  Ganges.   He  gave him also a
X  34%letter  of introduction to  Iarchas, the chief   of the  Brahmans, whom he
X  34%requested to let the Greek philosopher know all that he himself knew.
X  34%
X  34%- Philostratos of Lemnos (2nd Cent)
X  35%Now  it  was an ancient  law among the   Indians  that when young men  and
X  35%maidens were minded  to wed, they did not  marry according to the judgment
X  35%of their parents, but by mutual consent.
X  35%
X  35%- Diodoros Siculus Bib.XIX.30
X  36%It occurs to me to introduce here the saying of  Poros [Puru]; for when he
X  36%was led  as a captive  to Alexander, and  was asked how   he  wished to be
X  36%treated: `As a king, O Alexander!' he replied, and when he was again asked
X  36%if there was anything else, his reply was: `Nothing, for in the  words "as
X  36%a King" everything was comprehended.'
X  36%
X  36%- Plutarch Oration I.11
X  37%Among the Indians officers  are appointed even  for foreigners, whose duty
X  37%is  to see that  no foreigner is  wronged.  Should any   of them  lose his
X  37%health, they   send  physicians to attend  him,   and take   care   of him
X  37%otherwise, and if he dies they bury him, and deliver over such property as
X  37%he  leaves to   his relatives.   The judges   also decide  cases in  which
X  37%foreigners are concerned, with the greatest care, and come down sharply on
X  37%those who take unfair advantage of them.
X  37%
X  37%- Diodoros Siculos Bib.III.42
X  38%The Indians neither put out money at usury, nor know how to borrow.  It is
X  38%contrary to  established usage for an  Indian  either  to do   or suffer a
X  38%wrong, and therefore they neither make contracts nor require securities.
X  38%
X  38%- Aelian Book V.L.iv.1
X  39%Megasthanes, in the second book of his Indika, says that when  the Indians
X  39%are at supper a  table is placed  before  each  person, this being like  a
X  39%tripod.  There is placed upon it a golden  bowl, into which they first put
X  39%rice,  boiled as one  would boil barley, and then   they add many dainties
X  39%prepared according to Indian receipts.
X  39%
X  39%- Athen.iv.p.153
X  40%When it is said that an Indian  by springing  forward in  front of a horse
X  40%can check his  speed and hold him  back, this is  not true of all Indians,
X  40%but only of such as have been trained  from boyhood to manage  horses; for
X  40%it is a  practice with them to  control their horses with  bit and bridle,
X  40%and to make them move at a  measured pace and  in a straight course.  They
X  40%neither, however, gall  their  tongue  by the use  of spiked  muzzles, nor
X  40%torture the roof of their mouth.  The professional  trainers break them in
X  40%by forcing them to gallop round and round in a  ring, especially when they
X  40%see them refractory.
X  40%
X  40%- Aelian Hist.Anim XIII.10
X  41%...But it [the elephant] is still angry  with them [the tamers], and takes
X  41%no notice of them.  To what  device  do they [Indians]  then resort?  They
X  41%sing  to it their  native melodies, and soothe  it  with the  music  of an
X  41%instrument  in   common use which    has  four  strings  and   is called a
X  41%skindapsos.  The creature now pricks up its ears,  yields  to the soothing
X  41%strain,  and its  anger  subsides.  Then, though   there is an  occasional
# --- Cut here and throw this line away --- Indhist part 1 of 4 ends ---
Xref: sparky soc.history:8688 soc.culture.celtic:6350 sci.archaeology:2526