HDTenEightyP/NetNews huggingface dataset:
From: cockburn@edieng.enet.dec.com (Craig Cockburn)
Newsgroups: sci.lang,soc.culture.british,soc.culture.celtic,rec.org.sca
Subject: Welsh &(Breton/Cornish) language list - launch soon
Date: 10 Nov 92 16:23:58 GMT
Article-I.D.: rdg.1992Nov10.173102.21120
Organization: Digital Equipment Co. Ltd., Reading, England


 The WELSH-L language list is almost ready for launch, the first test
 messages were exchanged this afternoon. Here is the charter for the
 group. A full announcement will be made here when the list is
 officially launched, either this week or next.

 Craig

                       WELSH-L
                       -------

 The WELSH-L bulletin board aims to foster the amicable discussion of
 questions of the Welsh language, Welsh culture, history, and politics,
 and to offer a forum for speakers and learners of the Welsh language.
 Both Welsh and English may be used.

 Users are encouraged to exchange their opinions in Welsh, if they can, and
 special consideration may be given to Welsh learners expressing themselves
 in Welsh.

 The emphasis will be on Welsh as a living language, and Welsh culture as
 actually lived out in Wales at the present day.  Discussions of Celtic myth in
 general, the relationship between Celtic paganism and Anglo-Saxon Wicca, etc.
 will probably find a more ready audience on the CELTIC-L bulletin board at
 IRLEARN.UCD.IE.

 If there is an interest in expanding the range of topics to include
 discussion in and about the language and culture of Welsh's close sister
 languages, Breton and Cornish, WELSH-L will be able to serve as a forum
 for that as well.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Craig Cockburn, Digital Equipment Co. Ltd, Reading, England.     Suas
  Internet: cockburn@edieng.enet.dec.com                           leis
  UUCP:..!decwrl!edieng.enet.dec.com!cockburn                      a'
                                                                   Gha\idhlig!
  Views here are my own, and are not necessarily those of Digital
From: jack@alsvid.une.edu.au (Jack Claff)
Newsgroups: sci.lang
Subject: Accents and dialects
Date: 5 Nov 92 04:42:54 GMT
Organization: University of New England - Northern Rivers (Lismore)

I want to get information on how to speak in different accents.  In America
for example, there is a big difference between people from say New York, Texas
and Alabama.  Can anyone provide me with a reference that shows how words are
pronounced phonetically using different accents.  

I'd like to get Irish, Scottish and a variety of English accents as well.

S'long for the noo, y'all,

Jack.

-- 
Jack Claff
Centre for Computing and Mathematics           E-Mail: jack@alsvid.une.edu.au
University of New England, Northern Rivers     Phone : 61 66 203 860
P.O. Box 157, Lismore, N.S.W., 2480 Australia  Fax   : 61 66 221 724
From: rwojcik@atc.boeing.com (Richard Wojcik,snake)
Newsgroups: sci.lang
Subject: Monostratal Theories and Tricky Subcategorization
Date: 12 Nov 92 21:08:15 GMT
Reply-To: rwojcik@atc.boeing.com
Organization: Research & Technology

I am interested in the nontransformational analysis of sentences such as the 
following.  I have inserted "---" at the deletion site.

   How interested are you --- in solving the problem?
   How tired is he --- of this subject?
   How eager is John --- to visit his grandmother?
   I know how eager John is --- to visit his grandmother.
   What evidence do you have --- that Mary committed the crime?

The common thread is that all these constructions have an adjective or noun which
subcategorizes the final element and forms a discontinuous constituent with it.  
So those final PPs and VPs really occur inside APs from a syntactic point of 
view (except for the last sentence).  How are such constituents generated?  With 
AP gaps?   And how does information about subcategorization get from the
discontinuous adjective/noun to the gap element?  Can anyone direct me to some
literature on these types of constructions?  (My motive for this query is that
our GPSG-like system currently posits only NP gaps, and we are pondering the 
feasibility of introducing other types of gaps in the system.)

-----
Disclaimer:  Opinions expressed above are not those of my employer.

    Rick Wojcik   (rwojcik@boeing.com)   Seattle, WA
Newsgroups: sci.lang,alt.usage.english
From: lee@sq.sq.com (Liam R. E. Quin)
Subject: Re: Bailey's 1736 dictionary excerpts online
Organization: SoftQuad Inc., Toronto, Canada
Date: Thu, 12 Nov 92 01:18:59 GMT

I offered to post words from a 1736 dictionary that I own.

gtoal@ibmpcug.co.uk (Graham Toal) writes:
> Care to put it up for ftp?  Would make a nice cookie file...

If someone gives me an ftp site I could put the SGML file there and update
it from time to time.  I currently have 144 entries, about 140K of text
(substantially more when the SGML tags are included).

I just thought it would be more fun to post them in small doses, and several
people have mailed me to agree.  Probably I shall start posting some sample
entries and see what happens, and if someone wants to offer an ftp site,
I'll do that too.

I'll post in ASCII and SGML; I could also make Postscript available by ftp,
I expect, in which case the Greek will come out better.

Lee

-- 
lee@sq.com (Liam Quin) the barefoot programmer; SoftQuad Inc +1 416 239 4801
 OPEN LOOK UI FAQ; Metafont list; HexSweeper NeWS game; lq-text text retrieval
``They thought him, and they justly thought him, one   [lq-text-request@sq.com
  Sent to do more than he appeared to have done.''   Wm. Cowper, Conversation
From: simon@fsinfo.cs.uni-sb.de (Julia Simon)
Newsgroups: sci.lang
Subject: Color terms in Celtic languages
Date: 13 Nov 92 14:14:34 GMT
Organization: Fachschaft Computerlinguistik, U of Saarland, FRG

Hello everybody...

I'm posting this for a friend of mine, who has no internet access. He is
desperately looking for a certain book, the title, author etc. of which he
forgot. He says the only thing he can remember about that book (and the thing
he wants it for) is that it contains a table where Old Irish and Welsh color
terms are compared.

If you know a book that could be the one he's looking for, please post or
email me!

			Julia 8-)

 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
				Julia Simon

 Fachschaftsrat Computerlinguistik	DIaLOGIKa GmbH
 Fachbereich 8.7, Bau 17, Zi. 201
 Universita"t des Saarlandes		Albertstr., Pascalschacht
 D-W-6600 Saarbru"cken, Germany		D-W-6602 Dudweiler, Germany

			email: simon@fsinfo.cs.uni-sb.de
			       sileas@coli.uni-sb.de
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Newsgroups: sci.lang,sci.misc
From: tim@gold.iss.nus.sg (tim poston)
Subject: Re: 42, The Snark and the Hitchhiker
Reply-To: tim@iss.nus.sg (tim poston)
Organization: Institute of Systems Science, NUS, Singapore
Date: Fri, 6 Nov 1992 07:45:38 GMT

In article <1dal18INN8ns@majestix.informatik.uni-kiel.dbp.de> ma@informatik.uni-kiel.dbp.de (Martin Ameskamp) writes:
>Hi there!
>
>first of all, apologies for posting to these groups (sci.misc & sci.lang),
>but we don't get the rec.* hierarchie at this place (disk space).
>
>What I'm trying to find out is the origin of the number '42' (of obvious
>importance in the Hitchhiker).
>
>It also shows up, a couple of years before Adams wrote his books, in 
>'The Hunting of the Snark', in 'Fit the First' where the forgetful Baker is
>described:
>

Look, _everything_ is described in 'The Hunting of the Snark'.
You just have to interpret it correctly.
It's like the Torah and the Qu'ran that way,
only more compact.

By the way,
a whole new line of interpretation was opened for me
when I realised that `Boojum' is the typical pronunciation,
by a native speaker of Korean,
of the English word `bosom'.

Carroll didn't go for post-pubertal women...

Tim


______________________________________________________________________________
 "The question is," said Humpty Dumpty, "who's going to be master."
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Newsgroups: sci.lang
From: hughes@mercury.cis.udel.edu (John Hughes)
Subject: Syntagmatic and paradigmatic
Organization: University of Delaware, Newark
Date: Mon, 9 Nov 1992 21:30:28 GMT

In article <BxGCpJ.BK5@cck.coventry.ac.uk> esi001@cck.coventry.ac.uk (Rip Tide) writes:
>> ... what SYNTAGMATICALLY means ...
> 
>>Could you post back to the list, if anyone asserts it means much more 
>> "syntactically" or some notion of the 'ordering of lg elements' etc.
>
>Well now I don't know what SYNTAGMATICALLY means , or what the reply means.
>
>Someone out there must be able to explain in plain basic , he's an electrical
>engineering student , english what it means.

You want to know what "syntagmatically" means? Like, in opposition to 
"paradigmatically"? Been reading the systemic literature, perhaps? They love to
use these terms, because they contrast their theory of grammar, which is
paradigmatic, with popular American grammar theories, which are largely
syntagmatic in nature. You read this about a million times, with only
gradually diminishing dismay, until finally you decide what they mean is:
*paradigmatic* refers to relations among objects in a set or class, and
*syntagmatic* refers to relations among objects in a structure or linear
relationship. So the relations expressed in tables of Spanish verb conjugations
like this:

quejar
------
quejo    quejamos
quejas   quejais
queja    quejan

are paradigmatic (singling out members of a class based on their number and 
person features), while the relationships expressed in the parse structure of 
a sentence like this:

[s [np My mom] [vp [v spends] [np her nights] [pp [p at] [np the riverfront]]]]

are syntagmatic (singling out items in a sentence based on their structural
behavior and qualities).

Like night and day, aren't they? Love them obscure terminologies...


John
hughes@cis.udel.edu
Newsgroups: sci.lang,sci.lang.japan,alt.education.distance
From: peterw@lingua.cltr.uq.OZ.AU (Peter White)
Subject: New Books on Languages from Australia
Organization: Centre for Language Teaching and Research, Uni of Queensland, AUSTRALIA.
Date: Thu, 12 Nov 1992 02:12:17 GMT

TWO NEW BOOKS FROM THE LANGUAGE AND TECHNOLOGY CENTRE
THE NATIONAL LANGUAGES & LITERACY INSTITUTE OF AUSTRALIA LTD

	THE AUSTRALIAN SECOND LANGUAGE LEARNING PROGRAM:
	AN INDEX OF RESOURCES, 1988-1992

This is a compilation of over 300 items for 35 languages which has been
produced in Australia through the Australian Second Language Learning
Program.  It contains information on:
	bibliographies
	books
	computer programs
	courses
	games
	guides
	kits
	lesson plans
	reports
	resource materials
	teacher guides
	videos
	workbooks
and, much more.

All these materials were produced by profesional educators, many of whom
are actively working as teachers in all educational levels.

The information on these resources is held in the Resources Databases of
the NLLIA Database system, based at the Centre for Language Teaching and
Research at the University of Queensland, Australia.

Each entry provides: title, author, language, descriptors, who holds and/or
publishes the resource, how much it costs if it's for sale, and a fully
detailed abstract which includes copyright holder and other relevant
information.  The book will be useful for language teachers, subject
masters, curriculum designers, school librarians, educational
administrators and other professionals involved in teaching or researching
in the languages and applied linguistics areas.

Approx 200 pages; B4 size; typeset in Helvetica 8 pt.  Softback
ISBN 1 875578 05 6

+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_

WHERE CAN I LEARN A LANGUAGE OTHER THAN ENGLISH?

A GUIDE TO ADULT "LOTE" CLASSES IN AUSTRALIA, 1993
  
This is a reference book providing details on language subjects offered by
over 300 different providers in Australia.

It will be highly useful for:
	intending students,
		course options, contact addresses, a brief  explanation of
		the nature of adult LOTE provision
	Administrators and policy-makers
		local & state aspects of courses, providers, teachers
		information enabling an assessment of the strengths &
		weaknesses in Australia's LOTE provision

	Researchers
		languages available or popular throughout Australia
		Levels, course lengths, fees, texts, teachers

	Teachers
		Texts and other resources used by colleagues
		points for professional contact

388 pages, A5 size, softback.  Typeset in 9pt Helvetica.  Available now.

ISBN 1 875578 06 4
________________________________________________________________________

TO ORDER THESE BOOKS, 

contact:

Information Services Manager
NLLIA Language & Technology Centre
Centre for Language Teaching and Research
The University of Queensland, Qld 4072
Tel: +61 7 365-6893; fax: +61 7 365-7077
email: peterw@lingua.cltr.uq.oz.au

Both books cost $12.00 Australian + postage and handling ($2.00 in
Australia).
Newsgroups: sci.lang
Subject: Mac.Phonetic alphabet
From: <JRSCC@CUNYVM.BITNET>
Date: Friday, 6 Nov 1992 11:54:00 EST
Organization: City University of New York/ University Computer Center

<i'm looking for a font for the international phonetic alphabet that will work
on Macintosh, preferably based on Times.
From: alex@lindbrook.math.ucla.edu (Alex Langley)
Newsgroups: sci.lang
Subject: Re: Gender terms; was: Re: Historical roots of "womyn" spelling?
Date: 13 Nov 92 20:15:13 GMT
Organization: UCLA Mathematics Department

In article <1992Nov13.055855.29463@athena.cs.uga.edu> mcovingt@aisun3.ai.uga.edu (Michael Covington) writes:
>In article <1992Nov13.011211.18127@gov.on.ca> renzland@gov.on.ca (Peter Renzland) writes:
>>
>>(Does English lead other languages in its abundance of gender-dominant
>>terms?)
>
>Hard to say.  English is almost unique among European languages in its
>complete lack of grammatical gender.  That makes it easy to accuse English
>of sexism.
>

What about Finnish?  and other Finno-Ugric languages?  Finnish doesn't
have gender marking.  I believe it doesn't even have a gender distinction
in 3rd person pronouns, while English has he/she.  Finnish does distinguish
between animate and inanimate in the 3rd person pronouns, though.

I await a native Finnish speaker to concur.

>-- 
>:-  Michael A. Covington     internet mcovingt@uga.cc.uga.edu 
>:-  Artificial Intelligence Programs       phone 706 542-0358
>:-  The University of Georgia                fax 706 542-0349
>:-  Athens, Georgia 30602-7415 U.S.A.     amateur radio N4TMI


Alex Langley
alex@math.ucla.edu
UCLA Mathnet, 6221 MSA, 405 Hilgard, Los Angeles, CA  90024-1555, (310)825-2897
Opinions are my own, and do not represent those of the University of California.
From: shan@ee.ic.ac.uk (Shan Parfilt)
Newsgroups: sci.lang
Subject: Re: Chomsky's Minimalist paper - email anyone?
Date: 6 Nov 92 11:03:22 GMT
Organization: Elec. Eng. Dept., Imperial College London

In article <1d91j5INN4f9@iskut.ucs.ubc.ca> turkel@unixg.ubc.ca (Bill Turkel) writes:
>
>I am interested in having a serious email discussion about Chomsky's
>minimalist paper.  I look forward to hearing from anyone who has read
>the paper and wishes to discuss it.
>
>Bill

Bill,
Could you please post a reference to the Chomsky paper to which you refer,
so that those of us who are interested but have not to date read the paper,
can do so and join in the discussion?
With thnks in advance,
Shan Parfitt
From: iad@cogsci.ed.ac.uk (Ivan A Derzhanski)
Newsgroups: sci.lang
Subject: Re: Uighur & other scripts.
Date: 7 Nov 92 11:50:45 GMT
Organization: Centre for Cognitive Science, Edinburgh, UK

In article <1992Nov3.213525.17311@prime.mdata.fi> karttu@mits.mdata.fi (Antti Karttunen) writes:
>In article <Bwu8ws.Mz@access.digex.com> corun@access.digex.com (Corun MacAnndra) writes:
>>Also, just in case anyone is interested, I've been working on creating a
>>Postscript Uighur font. Granted that it's a vertical language,

Vertical language?  I like that.

>>[...] given that
>>there are three forms [_sc._ initial, medial and final] for most
>>letters (actually sounds) throughout the alphabet.

Letters, not sounds, is what is meant.  Forms of sounds (whatever that
may be) have nothing to do with the alphabet.

>And what script Tuvans use now

Last I checked, Tuvan was written in Cyrillic script, with three
additional letters (belted _o_ and straight-tailed _u_ for the two
front rounded vowels and right-tailed _n_ for the velar nasal; fairly
standard extensions for a Turkic alphabet).

>/have used before Soviet regime?

None at all.
-- 
 `If ye hiv ears oan yer heid - then use them tae lissen.' (The Glasgow Gospel)
Ivan A Derzhanski   (iad@cogsci.ed.ac.uk;  iad@chaos.cs.brandeis.edu)
* Centre for Cognitive Science,  2 Buccleuch Place,  Edinburgh EH8 9LW,  UK
* Cowan House, Pollock Halls, 18 Holyrood Park Road, Edinburgh EH16 5BD, UK
Xref: sparky sci.lang:7946 sci.cognitive:570
From: jewett@ils.nwu.edu (Jim Jewett)
Newsgroups: sci.lang,sci.cognitive
Subject: Re: Hist Semantics (loanshift)
Keywords: loanshift, Lehiste
Date: 10 Nov 92 00:55:20 GMT
Distribution: na
Organization: The Institute for the Learning Sciences

In article <1992Nov6.045117.21072@samba.oit.unc.edu>, 
Rick.Horowitz@launchpad.unc.edu (Rick Horowitz) writes:

> I've been reading Lehiste's _Lectures on language contact_ and realize
> that the specific kind of phenomenon I'm interested in seems to be called,
> at least by her, "loanshift".  On page 16, she mentions the extension of
> the meaning of the Yiddish 'ver' on the model of English 'who'...which
> is very much like the Baonan examples I started this thread with.

For those joining now, an example from the original post,
<1992Oct31.192855.3023@nic.csu.net>, was:

#> The situation was that the Baonan did not have a morpheme for
#> 'thousand'.  The Hui had a word for 'thousand' which was homophonous
#> with their word for 'day'.  Therefore what the Baonan speakers did is
#> to make their OWN word for 'day' carry the weight of 'thousand' in
#> addition; i.e., as Li mentions, it became polysemous.

#> I view this as a situation where what was "borrowed" was not a word
#> (or morpheme), but more like a procedure---a way of treating a word
#> they already had to make it analogous to what the Hui had (in the
#> view of the Baonan speakers).


> So, the new question is: can anyone direct me to articles specifically
> discussing or giving other examples of this phenomenon?

Another example might be found in another thread of sci.lang --
the days of the week.

In <1992Nov04.191634.18686@microsoft.com> siobhan@microsoft.com says

(Siobhan Harper):

Consider the Cambodian week: (in a _very_ rough transliteration)

tngay can       (day of the moon)
tngay angkia    (day of Mars)
tngay put       (day of Mercury)
tngay prahoeh   (day of Jupiter)
tngay sok       (day of Venus)
tngay sau       (day of Saturn)
tngay aathit    (day of the Sun)


These names aren't a result of the French colonization; they predate them
by quite a while. Yet they are the same planets, in the same order, as the
Western week. The link is the Babylonian and Hindu astronomers; the names
went east from India and west from Babylonia, along with the concept of a
seven-day "week".

In <1992Nov7.092854.11194@rdg.dec.com>, cockburn@edieng.enet.dec.com 
(Craig Cockburn) gives the Scottish Gaelic week, and says

> The days of the week were originally named (in Egypt) after the seven
> planets of the ancients - Sun, Moon, Mars, Mercury, Jove, Venus,
> Saturn.

I can't swear that the actual names of both the days and the planets
weren't borrowed in parallel, but at the very least, the concept of
matching the two was borrowed.

-- 

-jJ				

Take only memories.			jewett@ils.nwu.edu
Leave not even footprints.		jimj@eecs.umich.edu
Xref: sparky sci.lang:7928 alt.fan.douglas-adams:4011
From: Rick.Horowitz@launchpad.unc.edu (Rick Horowitz)
Subject: Hist Semantics (loanshift)
Summary: reference request for articles on loanshift
Keywords: loanshift, Lehiste
Organization: University of North Carolina Extended Bulletin Board Service
Distribution: na
Date: Fri, 6 Nov 1992 04:51:17 GMT

I've tried numerous times to post from my home site and to directly
address some articles, to tie directly into the threads.  However, 
California State University, Fresno, does not currently support 
academic research, so this was not possible.  

The following was written to go with a thread I started on
Historical Semantics.  

I really want to first thank everyone for all this discussion. It's
really been interesting to watch and learn from you.
 
I've been reading Lehiste's _Lectures on language contact_ and realize
that the specific kind of phenomenon I'm interested in seems to be called,
at least by her, "loanshift".  On page 16, she mentions the extension of
the meaning of the Yiddish 'ver' on the model of English 'who'...which
is very much like the Baonan examples I started this thread with.
 
So, the new question is: can anyone direct me to articles specifically
discussing or giving other examples of this phenomenon?
 
Thanks very much.
 
||=======================================================================||
|| Rick Horowitz                    || If a tree falls across the road   ||
|| CSUFresno, Philosophy            || and no one is there trying to     ||
|| rick@csufres.csufresno.edu       || pass, does it block the road?     ||
|| rhorowit@mondrian.csufresno.edu  ||          -Nick Serafimidis        ||
||=======================================================================||



--
   The opinions expressed are not necessarily those of the University of
     North Carolina at Chapel Hill, the Campus Office for Information
        Technology, or the Experimental Bulletin Board Service.
           internet:  laUNChpad.unc.edu or 152.2.22.80
Newsgroups: sci.lang
From: peeters@tasman.cc.utas.edu.au (bert peeters)
Subject: Re: Weekdays in Latin?
Keywords: Sabbath
Organization: University of Tasmania, Australia.
Date: Thu, 12 Nov 1992 00:40:24 GMT

matt@smoke.brl.mil (Matthew Rosenblatt) writes:

>In article <peeters.720743176@tasman> peeters@tasman.cc.utas.edu.au 
>(bert peeters) writes:

>>Saturday = SAMBATUM DIES
>. . .
>>And if you didn't know where the "sabbath" comes from, look at the word
>>for Saturday.  [Bert Peeters]

>Where'd the "M" disappear to?  Where'd the second "b" come from?
>How about the "th" at the end of "sabbath"?

>Cassell's Latin-English Dictionary has two "b's" and no "M."  Liddell
>and Scott's Greek-English Lexicon has, "ton sabbaton," with irregular
>dative plural "sabbasi."  "Ton sabbaton" is the usage in the Greek
>Septuagint Bible, as well as in the Greek New Testament.

>As for the "th" at the end, I always thought that it came from the
>Hebrew Bible, where the word "shabbath" ends with a Hebrew letter
>that English usually transliterates as "th."  The letter for "sh"
>didn't make it through Greek and Latin; "s" was substituted instead.
>Hence, "sabbath."

I hereby stand corrected. Could the Latin word by any means be a popular
coinage somehow inspired by the Hebrew word "shabbath"?
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Dr Bert Peeters                         Tel: +61 02 202344
Department of Modern Languages               002 202344
University of Tasmania at Hobart        Fax: 002 207813
GPO Box 252C                            Bert.Peeters@modlang.utas.edu.au
Hobart TAS 7001
Australia
Newsgroups: sci.lang,soc.culture.esperanto