From: mchenry@guvax.georgetown.edu
Newsgroups: soc.culture.soviet
Subject: ACRONYM LIST compiled - thanks!
Date: 27 Aug 92 14:00:59 GMT
Organization: Georgetown University

Thanks to everyone who helped make this list. I think it is rather
accurate. Bill McHenry, Georgetown University
(mchenry@guvax.georgetown.edu)
If you encounter new forms of organization with their concomitant acronyms, 
send them to me and I will update my master list. 


ADS
Assotsiatsiya delovogo sotrudnichestva
Association of Business Cooperation

AIKTs
Avtomatizirovanniy informatsionno-kommercheskoy tsentr
Automated Information-Commercial Center

A/O, AO 
Aktsionnernoye obshchestvo
Joint-stock Company

GIKTs 
Gosudarstvenniy or Glavniy informatsionniy kommercheskiy tsentr
State or Main Information Commercial Center 
   K might also mean cooperative, but this sounds like a state
   organization and "commercial" is a popular term nowadays

IKF Informatsionno- kommercheskaya firma
Information Commercial Firm

ITTs 
Innovatsionno-tekhnicheskiy tsentr
Innovation Technical Center

KIVT
Kustovoy informatsionno-vychislitel'noy tsentr
Branch or Local Information Computing Center
   Smaller facility than a VTsKP, or Multi-user Computer Center,
   they usually served one industry branch or sub-region.

MGP
Maloe gosudarstvennoye predpriyatiye
Small State Enterprise

MKhA
Mezhotraslevaya khozyastvennaya assotsiatsiya
Interbranch Economic Association

MMP
Maloe mezhotraslevoye predpriyatiye
Small Multi-branch Enterprise

MNPP
Maloye or mezhotraslevoye nauchno-proizvodstvennoye predpriyatiye
Small or Multi-branch Research and Production Enterprise

MP
Maloe predpriyatiye
Small Enterprise
   Small does not mean little: it is a rather technical term closer
   to Small business or Subchapter S business

NPK
Nauchno-proizvodstvennyy kooperativ or kompleks
Research and Production Cooperative or Complex
   I tend to favor cooperative in this case.

NPO
Nauchno-proizvodstvennoe ob''yedinnoye
Scientific-Production Association

NPP
Nauchno-proizvodstvennoe predpriyatiye
Scientific-Production Enterprise

NTF
Nauchno-tekhnicheskaya firma
Scientific-Production Firm

NTK
Nauchnotekhnicheskaya kompaniya
Scientific-Production Company

NTTs
Nauchno-tekhnicheskiy tsentr
Scientific-Technical Center

OOO
Obschestvo s ogranichennoy otvetsvennostyu
Limited Liability Society
   Very close to LTD or Inc. (This term is obsolete according to the
   current Russian business legislature. Older OOO's may be
   surviving but new LTD's are supposed to be called TOO's [see
   below])

PF
Proizvodstvennaya firma
Production Firm

PK
Proizvodstvennyy kooperativ
Production Cooperative
As opposed to a trade or services cooperative

PKF
Proizvodstvennaya or Promyshlenno- kooperativnaya firma or fabrika
Either Cooperative Production Firm or Industrial Cooperative
   Factory
   Here firm is probably just a vogue, production refers to the
   profile and cooperative refers to the type of stock. I tend to
   favor the first translation

PKOOO
Proizvodstvenno-kommercheskoye obshchestvo s ogranichennoy
   otvetstvennost'yu
Production-Commercial Society with Limited Liability 

PO
Proizvodstvennoye ob''yedinnoye
Production Association

SP
Sovmestnoye predpriyatiye
Joint Venture

TOO
Tovarischestvo s ogranichennoy otvetstvennost'yu
Limited Liability Society
   close to LTD or Inc., replaces the obsolete OOO

TsNTTM or Tsentr NTTM
Tsentr nauchno-tekhnicheskogo tvorchestva molodezhi 
Center for Scientific-Technical Activity of the Young 
   This is a euphemism for a cooperative. One commentator described
   them as follows: "Prior to perestroika this was the only kosher
   form of business in the USSR. Educated young people were allowed
   to earn a second [but never a third] salary in commercial NTTMs.
   Those were tolerated by the system because they paid huge dues
   to the Komsomol (Young Communist League). Now with the Komsomol
   banned some NTTMs may eventually grow into professional/technical
   ventures." Another commentator said: "usually a cover for
   for-profit private enterprise. A lot of such lavochek (well,
   institutions) were created by VLKSM (Komsomol) in a desperate
   search for income during the mass walk-out of its members."