HDTenEightyP/NetNews huggingface dataset:
From: ez000281@hamlet.ucdavis.edu
Newsgroups: soc.culture.latin-america
Subject: Re: more on columbus forum
Date: 1 Sep 92 16:41:54 GMT
Organization: Computing Services, UC Davis

In <1992Sep1.043407.15520@cbnewsl.cb.att.com> Seth Rosenthal writes:

>This agenda really is insulting.  Muslims, who could just cross
>the straits to escape were by far the minority among those coming to
>the New World.  Most of the settlers were either Crypto-Jews or
>Christian heretics escaping persecution.  

I believe Peter Boyd Bowman has biografical statistics on the origins of the  
first settlers in his book "Indice geobiografico...".  I don't know it he 
supports your claim, nor if he is able to document the religious beliefs of 
those who came in times of inquisition and expulsion but he does provide 
statistical documentation as to the specific region from Spain from which they 
came (Extremadura heads the list). 

>Jews had to get all
>the way to what is today Turkey or the Balkans to truly get
>away, since north Africa hadn't been very tolerant since
>the Almohavids invaded in the 13th century, destroying
>the Jewish communities of Granada and Cordoba.

I would add that just recently Sephardic Jews actually spoke Spanish in their 
community located in the vecinity of what was present day Yugoslavia.  The wars 
of this Century brought many to the US where they continued to speak the 
variety of Spanish that resembles very closely 16th Century Spanish.

>After 1492, travel by Jews was illegal, and it was only
>the great need for talented people to settle the Spanish
>colonies that resulted in the laws being changed allowing
>them to travel only to the colonies.  Look at what happened
>when the tolerant Dutch captured part of Brazil.  Large numbers
>of colonists reverted to their former Jewish worship.
>Luis de la Torre of Columbus' fleet was a Jew who had to
>be converted on the docks so that he could join Columbus'
>voyage.   He settled in Dominica.  Cortes' grandson was
>burned at the stake for Judaizing in Mexico City, his
>mother had made him a Jew.

Many of the "converts" espoused the doctrines of Erasmus, which seeked a 
return to the literal writings of the Old Testament, this led to persecutions 
of "erasmistas" (e.g., Fray Luis de Leon) and to a climate in which "blood 
purity" or proof of "old cristian" lineage was of primary importance for 
achieving social acceptance.  Much of this hippocrisy is well documented in the 
work of Cervantes, who, BTW, is believed to have been son of a "convert".

>Given the high remnant level of Judaism in many Hispanic
>peoples Catholicism, especially in secret, and a singular
>lack of Islamic remnants, this statement is a gross
>misrepresentation and poorly motivated.
>I have personally seen Jewish rituals among Puerto Ricans,
>Cubans, 

As for Puerto Rico, I can only say that the congregation is relatively large 
and incorporates many of the Jew that fled Castro in 1960.  Havanna seemed to 
be the center of Judaism in the Carribean back in those days.

Edelmiro
From: David Sangurima <sangu@igc.apc.org>
Newsgroups: soc.culture.latin-america
Date: 01 Sep 92 21:38 PDT
Subject: PEOPLE'S FAST IN DC - EVENTS!
Nf-ID: #N:cdp:1473800287:000:2524
Nf-From: cdp.UUCP!sangu    Sep  1 21:38:00 1992


/* Written  7:35 pm  Sep  1, 1992 by ckc in cdp:pn.calendar */
/* ---------- "PEOPLE'S FAST IN DC - EVENTS!" ---------- */
 
THE PEOPLE'S FAST FOR JUSTICE AND PEACE IN THE AMERICAS has commenced 
at the U.S. Capitol in Washington, DC, on the East Side steps.  For
42 days, from September 1, 1992 through October 12, 1992, several
women and men will partake of water only as a means of repentance
and reflection on 500 years of the Columbus "enterprise", and the
resulting subjugation of entire cultures native to what is now called 
the "Americas".   
 
Among the fasters is S. Brian Willson, a Vietnam veteran and teacher
who has fasted on the Capitol steps several times before.  He begins the
fast on September 1, the anniversary of his blocking a weapons train in
California in 1987, an assault that claimed both his legs and almost
his life.  Also fasting on water only is ex-FBI agent Jack Ryan, who 
was fired from his job when he refused to investigate Brian during a
1986 fast at the Capitol, and Dave Dellinger, a stalwart of the peace
movement during the 60's and beyond.  They are joined by many others,
some of whom will fast the entire time on water only, some of whom
will "relay fast" for a period of time, and many others who come to
lend support and to share reflections.
 
People in the Washington, DC area and those who intend to visit in
the coming weeks are invited to participate in DC area events, which
follow.  People across the U.S. are encouraged to join in the fast
in their own locales, and to spread the word about the 42 day fast.
For more information, contact the People's Fast for Justice and Peace
in the Americas, at (202) 546-7937.
 
Please note that the fasters will be on the Capitol steps from 4:30 PM
to 7:00 PM during the first week, and from 2:00 - 7:00 PM during the
following weeks.
 
UPCOMING EVENTS - WEEK ONE  (East Steps/Capitol unless otherwise noted)
 
Wednesday, September 2, 5:00 PM - Philip Wheaton on "A Unipolar World, 
the New World Order, Panama and the Persian Gulf: One Citizen's Response."
 
Thursday, September 3, 7:30 PM (at St. Aloysius Church) - Dave Dellinger
on "The New World Order: The Urgent Need for Dr. King's Radical Revolution
of Values."
 
Friday, September 4, 5:00 PM - The fasters will discuss their experiences
with the New World Order.
 
Future events will feature Adolfo Perez Esquivel, Eleanor Smeal, Fr.
Miguel D'Escoto, Dolores Huerta, Nelsa Curbelo, and others.  See this
conference or native.1492 for news of the fast and events listings.
From: mark@drd.com (Resident.Alien)
Subject: meaning of a phrase
Followup-To: poster
Reply-To: mark.lawrence@drd.com
Organization: DRD Corporation
Date: Fri, 28 Aug 1992 21:46:55 GMT

Can anybody help me with a colloquial meaning of the following:

...que contemple el tiempo y los alcances.

??

Thanks in advance (what _is_ the right place for questions regarding
espan~ol?)
-- 
mark.lawrence@drd.com                                     (918)743-3013
DRD Corp., 5506 South Lewis Ave., Tulsa, OK 74105         (918)745-9037 fax
From: Luis.Forestier@f21.n367.z1.FIDONET.ORG (Luis Forestier)
Newsgroups: soc.culture.latin-america
Subject: Nicaragua Myths
Date: Mon, 24 Aug 92 20:22:00 EDT
Organization: FidoNet node 1:367/21 - Moon Rise, Bayamon PR

As the FSLN entered Managua on July 19, the Carter Administration
"began setting the stage for a counterrevolution," Peter Kornbluh
observes, mounting a clandestine operation to evacuate Guard
commanders on U.S. planes disguised with Red Cross markings.
This is a war crime punishable under the Geneva conventions, the
London _Economist_ observed years later, when the same device was
used to supply contras within Nicaragua (pictures of CIA supply
planes disguised with Red Cross markings appeared without comment
in _Newsweek_, while the vigorous denunciation of this violation
of international law by the Red Cross passed without notice in
the newspaper of record).  Within six months after the overthrow
of Somoza, the Carter Administration had initiated the CIA
destabilization campaign, inherited and expanded by the
Reaganites.  The Carter doves did not give direct support to the
National Guard forces that they helped reconstitute, preferring
to use the neo-Nazi Argentine generals "as a proxy for the United
States" (Rand Corporation terrorism expert Brian Jenkins).  The
U.S. took over directly with the Reagan presidency. {note:
_Ibid._, 19; see _Culture of Terrorism_, 86; Bob Woodward, _Veil_
(Simon & Schuster, 1987), 113; Jenkins, _New Modes of Conflict_
(Rand Corporation, June 1983).}


--  
Internet: Luis.Forestier@f21.n367.z1.FIDONET.ORG
UUCP: ...!myrddin!tct!psycho!367!21!Luis.Forestier
Note:psycho is a free gateway between Usenet & Fidonet. For info write to
     root@psycho.fidonet.org.
From: troy@phoinix.EBay.Sun.COM (Troy Henry)
Newsgroups: soc.culture.latin-america
Subject: GILROY HISPANIC CULTURAL FESTIVAL
Date: 26 Aug 1992 01:22:46 GMT
Organization: Sun Microsystems, Inc.
Distribution: world
Reply-To: troy@phoinix.EBay.Sun.COM
NNTP-Posting-Host: phoinix.ebay.sun.com
Keywords: GILROY HISPANIC CULTURAL FESTIVAL

Come celebrate the Hispanic Culture this weekend (Aug 29 & 30) at the Gilroy 
Hispanic Cultural Festival. This event is held at Christmas Hill Park (same 
area as the Garlic Festival). 

Some of the Activities:

	* Three Stages of live entertainment
		> Folkloric Dancers
		> All types of different Latin Music
	* 18 Hours of MARIACHI'S
	* FOOD, FOOD, FOOD & More FOOD 
	* BEER & Margaritas
	* Hispanic Art Exhibit 
	* Art & Crafts area
	* Childrens Area "Para Los Ninos"

		AND MUCH, MUCH MORE

Admission: CHILDREN 12 AND UNDER ARE FREE. ADULTS ARE ONLY $5.00 a person.

Just a note: I am currently the Chair-person for the Children's Area, and have 
many activities for the children planned. So please bring your kids, or BRING
THE NEIGHBORS KIDS, OR JUST GRAB A FEW KIDS AND BRING THEM. BUT BE THERE.

If you need further directions, please contact me at 408-276-1129. 

Thanks

Troy
From: David Sangurima <sangu@igc.apc.org>
Newsgroups: soc.culture.latin-america
Date: 01 Sep 92 22:30 PDT
Subject: IPS: Central American Border Issue
Nf-ID: #N:cdp:1473800290:000:2412
Nf-From: cdp.UUCP!sangu    Sep  1 22:30:00 1992


/* Written 10:34 am  Aug 30, 1992 by josefina in cdp:reg.latinameri */
/* ---------- "IPS: Central American Border Issue" ---------- */
From: Josefina Velasquez <josefina>
Subject: IPS: Central American Border Issue


/* Escrito 12:07 am  Aug 29, 1992 por newsdesk en cdp:ips.englibrary */
Copyright Inter Press Service 1992, all rights reserved.  Permission to re-
print within 7 days of original date only with permission from 'newsdesk'.

Reference: Third World Dvpmnt
Title: CENTRAL AMERICA: EL SALVADOR, HONDURAS TO RESPECT ICJ BORDER RULING


tegucigalpa, aug 26 (ips) -- el salvador and honduras have this week
agreed to unconditionally respect the international court of justice
(icj) ruling on the border issue which has kept both countries at
odds for over 50 years.

honduran defence minister gen luis alonso discua tuesday met his
salvadorean colleague, gen rene emilio ponce, to discuss their
respective stands on the international ruling and seek solutions to
the common border problems of drug trafficking and arms dealing.

the closed-door meeting, which had been preceded by a conference
among top honduran, salvadorean and u.s. military officials and the
u.s. ambassador in tegucigalpa, was held in the palmerola military
base in central honduras where some 200,000 u.s. troops have been
stationed for over 10 years.

honduran army spokesperson col napoleon santos said in a press
conference in the capital city that the meeting between the two
armed forces chiefs was being done in an environment of
tranquillity. ''we confirm our will and decision to respect the
border ruling,'' he said.

santos said both countries have agreed ''to increase bilateral
actions of cooperation and communication between our armed forces to
show our wish to prevent new friction''.

''we have come to the conclusion that there is no possibility
of another armed conflict, since central america is at present
undergoing a stage of peace and democracy,'' santos said.

the top military officials also tackled recent accusations that
honduran troops were occupying certain positions in the disputed
area of salazapa. located in el salvador's western border, sazalapa
is part of the 419 square km disputed territory to be settled in the
icj in the hague on sep. 11.

santos said both armies have been keeping watch over the area
since the 100-hour war between both countries in 1969.
(end/ips/trd/tm/oh/cir/92)





Newsgroups: soc.culture.latin-america
From: pampa@cbnewsb.cb.att.com (ruben.a.mazzulla)
Subject: Re: Nicaragua
Organization: AT&T
Date: Wed, 2 Sep 1992 00:58:45 GMT

In article <16510@ucdavis.ucdavis.edu>, ez000281@hamlet.ucdavis.edu writes:
> Los herederos de Sandino
> 
> Entre las alegaciones del nuevo informe Helms sobre la antidemocracia, la 
> corrupcion y el nepotismo en la Nicaragua sandinista bajo el velo del 
> chamorrato, hay unas que de seguro desmoralizaran a muchos que propugnan a 
> favor de una imagen "decente" y "progresista" para el sandinismo.  
> 
> En primer lugar, el sen~or Castro parece haber continuado con sus envios de 
> armas a Managua y los sandinistas se las pasan el FMLN.  Lo ironico es que la 
> "solidaridad" con centroamerica siempre ha dicho que informes que confirmaban 
>
>
>
>                         (stuff deleted)
>
>
>
> la verdadera "herencia" de Sandino en la Nicaragua de hoy. !Y eso que el 
> nepotismo dizque acabaria en la nueva Nicaragua!  ?Seran utilizados nuevamente 
> los sindicatos del pais como peones del sandinismo en la lucha por mantener las 
> mansiones del FSLN?
> 
> Edelmiro Salas

-----------------------------------------------------

he leido bastante articulos `de dudosa moral' ultimamente pero este 
se gana el oscar!

porque no usamos la network con un poco mas de fundamento y empezamos
discusiones donde se pueda reflejar el pensamiento abierto y sincero 
de los que exponen sus puntos de vistas, sin tintes partidistas ni
maquivelicas distorciones para alcanzar `pre-derterminados objetivos'.

los extremos parecen que han ganado el escenario ultimamente, y basta
con leer dos lineas para concluir con que `este es un enfermo-contra'
or que `este es un maniatico-pro' ..y recurrir al siempre util <CTRL-D>.
pocos articulos que den lugar a un analisis serio y maduro, y que 
incentiven a sacar conclusiones propias.  todo parece venir etiquetado:
si te tragas esta sos `gusano', o sino esta otra y sos `fidelista'.

no soy ni lo uno ni lo otro, solo que me gusta (cuando tengo tiempo) leer
topicos que me interesan.  pero claro, siempre espero que los disertadores
aborden los temas con objetividad y refuercen sus puntos con referencias
neutrales, de ser possible; eso le da(ria) mas solidez and peso a sus
argumentos ...justo lo que le falta al articulo de arriba, por ejemplo.

es que edelmiro ya se habia mostrado con algunas otras cosas de dudosa 
credibilidad, pero esta vez, se le fue la mano. hay que tener mucho tiempo
y odio para ponerse a publicar cosas como estas que no convencen ni a los 
mas aserrimos anti-sandinistas (o debo decir, anti-chamorristas ahora?).


r.mazzulla
From: loa@rayado.eng.sun.com (Leo)
Newsgroups: soc.culture.latin-america
Subject: Re: Nicaragua
Date: 2 Sep 92 17:01:09
Organization: SunSoft, Inc
Reply-To: loa@eng.sun.comloa@eng.sun.com
NNTP-Posting-Host: rayado
In-reply-to: ez000281@hamlet.ucdavis.edu's message of 2 Sep 92 03:36:35 GMT


Hasta cuando van a seguir estas tonteras de Edelmiro? Estos "datoides"
que escribe estan ya en lo mas ridiculo y partidario. No tiene nada
objectivo; peor, son declaraciones de una mente cerrada. Por favor,
Edelmiro, "El Humilde", corta las estupideces que ya ni merecen
comentario, solo un <CNTL-D>.

	leo
From: aldo@ips-server.Eng.Sun.COM (Aldo Castillo)
Newsgroups: soc.culture.latin-america
Subject: Re: Dioses
Date: 4 Sep 1992 18:42:36 GMT
Organization: Sun Microsystems, Mt. View, Ca.
Distribution: world
NNTP-Posting-Host: ips-server

In article <1992Sep4.114600.28132@news.lrz-muenchen.de> mandel@forwiss.tu-muenchen.de writes:
>Hola, Aca tenemos 44 workstations nuevas y queremos ponerles nombres de
>dioses de culturas latinoamericanas. Los unicos que puedo recordar son:
                    ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Te debes estar refiriendo a los dioses de las culturas "pre-colombinas", verdad?

Saludos,

Aldo Castillo

Newsgroups: soc.culture.latin-america,soc.penpals,soc.culture.spain,soc.culture.mexico
From: thio@seismo.gps.caltech.edu (Hong Kie Thio)
Subject: penpals
Organization: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena
Date: Tue, 1 Sep 1992 21:26:54 GMT

The following is posted for a friend of mine:

______________________________________________________________
 
Dos jovenes buscamos a dos chicas quien hablan Espagnol como lengua
madre. Quieremos aprender el Espanol mas bueno que ahora. Podemos
corresponder por computista (electronic mail) en Espagnol y
Holandes, supuesto que quieren aprenderlo. Si quieren, podemos
profesar economia tambien. Nosotros nos llamamos Frank (26 anos y
asistente Profesor en Economia) y Hans (30 anos) investigador en
polymeros. Vivimos en el Sud de Holanda a Maastricht. Aguardar una
respuesta! Adios,
 
Frank , f.hartmann@be.rulimburg.nl
y Hans, steuten@mailbox.rulimburg.nl.
 
_______________________________________________________________
From: ez000281@hamlet.ucdavis.edu
Newsgroups: soc.culture.latin-america
Subject: Re: Nicaragua
Date: 2 Sep 92 03:36:35 GMT
Organization: Computing Services, UC Davis

Las mansiones o las armas

La reaccion de los Ortegas ante la crisis generada por Mr. Helms no era de 
extran~ar.  Hoy aparecio en una conferencia de prensa diciendo que la negativa 
de prestarle dinero a Nicaragua eran "un acto de intervencion nacional" y que 
si el gobierno frentista de Chamorro accede a la peticion de Mr. Helms y le 
devuelve las mansiones a sus legitimos duen~os ellos no tendrian otra 
alternativa que "tomar las armas" de nuevo.  Lo ironico es que ya las tienen.  
El ejercito de Nicaragua es el unico ejercito en latinoamerica (salvo el 
Cubano) que no goza de autonomia alguna y le responde a los intereses de un 
partido politico: el FSLN.  Por algo se llama ejercito "Sandinista" y no 
Ejercito de Nicaragua.  Entonces, ?que quiere decir el ex-mandatario con esto 
de "tomar las armas".  ?Sera acaso que quiere darle un golpe de estado al 
gobierno electo de don~a Violeta?  ?Sera acaso que quiere "armar" a los 
sindicatos bajo el control de su partido para que las turbas vuelvan a 
amedrentar a la poblacion?  ?A quien va a dirigir la mirilla de los fusiles? ?A 
la embajada norteamericana que no quiere prestarle el dinero? ?A los partidos 
de majoria? 

Cuando el Ortega el segundo dice que usara las armas de Ortega el primero para 
"defender la soberania nacional" parece olvidarse que la Sra. Violeta es quien 
tiene en sus manos tal soberania, pues a el nadie lo ha electo para nada.  
Ademas, deberia explicar como la negativa a otorgar un prestamo es una 
intromision en la soberania nacional de Nicaragua.  Si el Sr. Helms tuviera un 
ejercito en la frontera Honduren~a dispuesto a invadir el pais si no se cumplen 
sus condiciones, entenderiamos por que esta tan histerico el Sr. Ortega.  Pero 
como lo que esta envuelto son dineros que le pertenecen a los EEUU, no sabemos 
porque invoca el issue de la "intervencion" norteamericana.  La Sra. Chamorro 
puede seguir encubriendo embarques de armas a El Salvador y dejar a la elite 
nicaraguense en sus mansiones y bunkers si le viene en gana.  De la misma 
manera el congreso norteamericano no tiene que aprobar ningun emprestito si asi 
quiere.  ?O es que Ortega cree que tiene DERECHO a obtener regalias del 
Gobierno norteamericano?  Pues lamentablemente tenemos que informarle que aqui 
pagamos mucha plata en contribuciones sobre ingresos y queremos que nuestro 
dinero se invierta adecuadamente en el bienestar social de otros pueblos y que 
no se malgaste en armamento para las guerrillas salvadoren~as o en mansiones de 
la familia Ortega, que ahora van a ser defendidas con "las armas". Lo que esta 
por verse es si el pueblo de Nicaragua va a defender las mansiones sandinistas 
con armas o si sera un "farewell to arms" para la dictadura Sandinista.


Edelmiro Salas
From: donq@acs.bu.edu (Jose Otero)
Newsgroups: soc.culture.latin-america
Subject: Peru, Ecuador, Venezuela...
Date: 25 Aug 92 21:38:34 GMT
Organization: Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
Originator: donq@acs.bu.edu



Alguien tiene informacion de lo que acontece en estos paises ultimamente??
Ademas de Sendero Luminoso y el derrame de petroleo en la amazonia ecuatoriana que esta sucediendo en el area? Continua Belaunde con su llamado a los militares para que derroquen a Fujimori?? Han incrementado las tenciones entre Quito y Lima despues del derrame?? Que sucede en Caracas? Se ha caido el apoyo de este gobierno a el exiliado presidente haitiano Aristide?? Pudo lograr algo la visita de Joao Baena al Peru??

                           Jose
From: rravelo@asturias.acs.uci.edu (Ray Ravelo)
Subject: Re: more on columbus forum
Newsgroups: soc.culture.latin-america
Organization: University of California, Irvine
Date: 2 Sep 92 17:46:13 GMT

In article <16502@ucdavis.ucdavis.edu> ez000281@hamlet.ucdavis.edu writes:
>In <1992Sep1.043407.15520@cbnewsl.cb.att.com> Seth Rosenthal writes:


>As for Puerto Rico, I can only say that the congregation is relatively large 
>and incorporates many of the Jew that fled Castro in 1960.  Havanna seemed to 
>be the center of Judaism in the Carribean back in those days.

>Edelmiro

 The L.A. Times yesterday (Sept. 1) had an interesting article about Cuban
 Jews still living in Cuba. According to that article there are about
 1000 Jews still living in Cuba (from about 15,000 in pre-Castro days)
  
 They have no rabbis, but they still try to practice their rituals, keep
 kosher and once in a while they get a guy - forgot the proper name, from
 the US or some latin American country to perform the rituals of 
 circumcision and bar mitzvah(sp?).

 They said that when their elders came to Cuba they did not have in mind
 to stay on the island, for them it was just a stop-over before getting
 their visas to come to the US or Canada, but "the country and its people
 were so wonderful, with no antisemitism whatsoever, that most of them
 stayed". Today most of them would like to leave for Israel or the US;
 although -according to the article, some of them are pro-Castro and said
 that somehow their're treated like priviledged people as the government
 allows them to buy their kosher food in the special markets that only
 diplomats and tourist can shop at. They're also allowed to have special
 bank accounts with dollars they get from contributions from abroad.
 
 Since their community is so small, most of their spouses are of non-jewish
 or christian ancentry, the article said.

 Shalom,


--
Ray I. Ravelo                 "We're your opposition, Mr. Castro, we 10 million
Office of Academic Computing.  Cubans who look around us in terror"
UC, Irvine.                   from the open letter to Castro by M.E. Cruz-Varela

Newsgroups: soc.culture.latin-america
From: motta@leland.Stanford.EDU (Nazare Motta)
Subject: ArgentinaxChile
Organization: DSG, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA
Date: Fri, 28 Aug 92 20:59:30 GMT

I saw a picture of Argentinos burning a Chilean flag. There was just a 
small note underneath saying they were angry because a border agreement
wasn't respected. 
As a Latin-American the picture really offended me. Does anybody knows anything about it?
Please post it...
(I read Spanish very well, because I'm a Portuguese speaker, but I can't write in Spanish)
Obrigado