From: bergman@AFPAN.PA.AF.MIL (CMSgt Mike Bergman)
Newsgroups: soc.veterans
Subject: AF Feature Package No. 2
Date: 27 Jul 92 13:47:06 GMT
Organization: Hq Air Force News Agency/SCC


001.  Chlorofluorocarbon cutback:  Newark AFB replaces cleaning detergents 
with soap and water
002.  What to do when you've lost a tire 
003.  Tips for changing tires
004.  Nice weather driving tips
005.  Fruits and vegetables for better health
006.  Hypothermia:  Could you survive?
007.  Resolve money arguments
008.  First flight over the hump
009.  Job fair information


001.  Chlorofluorocarbon cutback:  Newark AFB replaces cleaning
              detergents with soap and water 
By DEBORAH LANSKY
	It doesn't sound high tech, but it is a solution to some military 
concerns about chlorofluorocarbons and other ozone-depleting solvents.
	Newark AFB, located 33 miles east of Columbus, is a large user of 
CFC-113, identified as a major depleter of the Earth's ozone layer.  As a
result, the base has begun an aggressive program to replace this chemical 
cleaning solvent with detergents and water.
	"We are probably one of the more aggressive military industrial 
centers in the nation for the elimination of ozone-depleting CFCs," said Don 
Hunt, deputy of Newark's maintenance engineering division.  "We're learning 
that there is very little we can't do with aqueous (water-based) processes."
	In February, President Bush announced that the United States would 
halt production of chlorofluorocarbons by Dec. 31, 1995.  The U.S. phaseout is 
more rapid than the one proposed under the 1987 Montreal Protocol, a 
multi-nation consensus on eliminating chlorofluorocarbons, which bans the 
chemicals by the year 2000.
	Newark AFB is home to the Aerospace Guidance and Metrology Center.  As 
the Air Force's single repair center for inertial guidance and navigation 
systems, the center fixes malfunctioning equipment on most aircraft and 
missiles in the Defense Department's inventory.  Using gyroscopes and 
accelerometers, these systems guide aircraft and missiles to their 
destinations.
	The cleaning of this ultra-sensitive electromechanical equipment is an 
essential part of the repair process.  Even minute contaminants on the unit 
can cause mechanical failures, Hunt said.  CFC-113 has been the chemical 
cleaning solvent of choice for nearly three decades.  Now the base is 
converting back to its first cleaning solution.
	"We originally used soap and water, then went to CFC-113 in the 1960s 
because it was the super solvent that answered all our problems," said Bob 
Colson, who heads the base's environmental management office.  "It was super 
pure, left no residue and evaporated quickly.  It was basically inert and a 
minimal health hazard."
	Then came the bad news, first reported in scientific journals in the 
mid-1970s and acknowledged globally in the 1980s.  Vapors from liquid 
chlorofluorocarbons, used around the world in aerosol sprays, refrigerators, 
air conditioners, and as solvents and blowing agents, were contributing to the 
destruction of the Earth's ozone layer.  This layer protects animals and 
plants from ultraviolet radiation. Unfiltered by the ozone, these destructive 
rays can cause blindness skin cancers, and reduce crop yields.
	Prior to 1989, Newark AFB purchased more than 600,000 pounds of 
CFC-113 annually, some of which was always lost to evaporation.  But the 
procurements have steadily decreased since the advent of an on-base recycling 
still in the early-1980s, work load reductions and process changes.  Last 
year, the center purchased 314,000 pounds of CFC-113.  Improvements to Newark 
AFB's carbon adsorption system also have cut back on the release of solvent 
vapors to the atmosphere.
	In 1986, base engineers investigated the use of alternative solvents 
to further reduce their use of CFC-113.  They quickly seized soap and water 
because of its earlier acceptance.
	Newark AFB currently uses its new process to clean 32 different 
instrument bearing assemblies, parts of gyroscopes used on F-4 and F-111 
aircraft, and periscopic sextants used on aircraft and Navy vessels.  The 
center recently began cleaning Minuteman missile gyroscope assemblies and is 
completing a water-based cleaning process for the KC-135 aircraft's Carousel 
inertial unit.
	Using a combination of deionized water, biodegradable detergents and 
special washing and drying machines, the cleaning process has proven 
corrosion-resistant on all tested parts, Hunt said.  On average, the aqueous 
cleaners take less time, cost less, and clean as well or better than CFC-113.
	Newark AFB presently operates one aqueous cleaning center, with two 
more ready for installation.  By 1994, up to 25 cleaning centers will 
complement the production centers devoted to repairing the guidance systems, 
Hunt said.
	Aqueous cleaning involves a more standardized process than CFC-113 
cleaning, which is done in the production area by people who repair the part. 
In the aqueous cleaning center, technicians oversee the wash, rinse and dry 
cycles.  Parts with more unusual geometric shapes can be pre-washed by a 
hand-held spray wand or given a hot bath.  Regularly shaped parts are cleaned 
in an ultrasonic washing machine, where energy waves agitate the 155-degree 
water and detergent into bubbly wash water.
	Ranging in size from fist-sized gyroscope parts to fingernail-sized 
bearing assemblies, the units are lowered into the ultrasonic washer on the 
limbs of a tree-like metal stand.  After an average 15-minute wash and rinse, 
parts are removed and dried by hand with a pressurized nitrogen spray wand. 
The units are then oven dried for up to three hours and specially packaged to 
maintain their cleanliness for reassembly.
	Newark AFB's projected $2.5 million project to eliminate from 
precision cleaning is funded in part by the Air Force's environmental 
compliance program.
 	"This is a dynamic effort," Hunt said.  "We are changing processes 
which have been in place and worked well for decades.  Problems are constantly 
popping up which have to be solved.  These changes are difficult for people to 
accept, but through teamwork and with the knowledge of how important the 
results are, our rate of progress is steadily increasing."  (AFNS Features.  
Lansky is assigned to Air Force Materiel Command (Interim) public affairs.)


002.  What to do when you've lost a tire 
By KATHLEEN KEANE
	Morning rush hour.  As you cruise down the highway, your left elbow 
retreats to a 45-degree angle between the window frame of the left door and 
your head, leaving only the right hand to steer.  The radio sounds fade as 
your thought process drifts to the day's upcoming events.
	Suddenly, you're distracted.  Something's not right with the car.  
Although it's not lopsided, there's a terrible sound coming from the front.  
As huge chunks of black stuff fly across the windshield, you come to, and 
realize you've just blown a tire.  Without thinking, you slam on the brakes.
	STOP!
	"A big mistake is to slam on the brakes," said James Solomon, 
administrator for defensive driving courses for the National Safety Council in 
Chicago.  "Doing so causes the vehicle to go out of control in the direction 
of the damaged wheel."
	In the case of a front-tire blowout, he said, the vehicle may turn 
into a sideways skid.  With rear-tire failure, the vehicle will fishtail.  
Both cases may lead to a serious accident.
	What you should do, Solomon said, is slowly decrease the vehicle's 
speed while using two-hand steering.  But this can only be done if both hands 
are on the wheel, where, he says, they should always be placed.  Reason being 
if you drive with only one hand, by the time you realize there is a problem, 
chances are likely you'll go into a sideways spin.  Using both hands offers 
better control of the vehicle.
	As the vehicle's speed decreases, you should work your way to the 
right, in the direction of the emergency lane, making sure not to exit to 
another road.  To do this, use the right-hand turn signal or emergency 
flashers.  But before crossing lanes, check your mirrors and blind spots.  
Once on the shoulder, Solomon says to get well off the road.  
	As you slow down, the vehicle will begin to look lopsided.  The reason 
it may not have done so when the tire blew or went flat is a combination of 
two things:  The weight of the car and the speed at which it was traveling.  
The momentum may have caused the vehicle to stay up, especially in the case of 
small cars. 
	With your car in a safe place, it's time to remove the remnants of the 
old tire, and replace it with the spare that's in the trunk, provided you've 
checked to make sure it's there, as well as the tools needed to change the 
tire.
	"Those things should be there if the vehicle is new," Solomon said.  
"But you should still check to make sure they were included."
	The items to look for are a jack, a handle for the jack, a tool to 
remove the hubcaps and a tool to remove the lug bolts.  Also, he says, there 
should be directions on how to lift the car.
	But these are just the basics needed to change a tire.  Solomon offers 
several suggestions to lessen the trauma of the experience.
	First, before trying to drive your vehicle, understand it.  This means 
reading the manual and knowing where parts are located.  For example, where 
exactly in the trunk is the spare stored?
	Next, he suggests including a few other items that might aid the 
changing process.  Such things include two reflectors, one to put at the rear 
of the vehicle and another to be placed about 150 feet from the rear.  
Carrying a 1-foot-square piece of wood is  helpful in case you're stopped on a 
grassy area.  It provides firm ground for the jack.  A spare screwdriver can 
help to remove the hubcap.
	Concerning hygiene, Solomon suggests carrying a water-repellent 
poncho, that is reflectorized, for inclement weather.  And in the first aid 
kit, include treated towels, similar to baby wipes, that cut grease and oil 
off your skin.  The wipes can be purchased at most auto stores.
	Because tire blowouts and flats	usually use the tactic of surprise 
when they happen, it's imperative to always wear a seat belt, Solomon says.
	Echoing this is Jeri Rood, editor of Road and Recreation magazine, at 
the Air Force Safety Agency at Norton AFB, Calif.
	He cites one instance when an Air Force member had a blowout, went off 
the road, into a ditch and then rolled twice.  Although the passengers in the 
vehicle were injured, it could have been worse.
	"Fortunately, they had their seatbelts on," Rood said.  "They might of 
been injured much more seriously if they hadn't."  (AFNS Features.  Keane is 
editor of AFNS Features.)


003.  Tips for changing tires
By KATHLEEN KEANE
	The best defense for replacing a blown or flat tire is being prepared.
 James Solomon, administrator for defensive driving courses for the National 
Safety Council in Chicago, offers some advice.
	1.  Study car manuals.  Don't subscribe to the saying, "It won't 
happen to me," because it just might. 
	2.  When putting the car in park, put the emergency brake on as well.
	3.  Put a piece of wood under the tire opposite the one you're 
changing.  For example:  If changing the right-rear tire, put the wedge under 
the left front tire.  This will keep the car from moving.  (Sometimes with an 
automatic transmission, the car can move an inch or so, even with the 
emergency brake.)	
	4.  Loosen the lug bolts, or nuts, before jacking the car up, so if 
the lugs are hard to turn, you won't wiggle the car while it's up on the jack.
	5.  After taking the hubcap off, lay it to the side, inner side up, so 
when you take the lugs off, you'll have a place to lay them and know where 
they are.
	6.  Make sure the tools provided by the manufacturer work for you 
before you need them.  For example:  The manufacturer puts lugs on with air 
wrenches.  If you're stronger than the wrench provided, you may twist it in 
half.  
	7.  Remember that when replacing the tire, you're usually doing so 
with an emergency tire that can be driven no more than 40 miles at no more 
than 45 miles per hour before it will blow up.  Therefore, get it replaced 
with a standard-size tire as soon as possible.
	There are still people who may think they can outfox the system by 
belonging to an emergency car service.  Solomon says that's a good back-up, 
but says to keep in mind that depending on the weather, and some other 
conditions, you may wait many hours before the service gets to you.  And, if 
you're off on a desolate highway somewhere, you may not be able to call for 
help.  (AFNS Features.  Keane is editor of AFNS Features.)


004.  Nice weather driving tips
By KATHLEEN KEANE
	Winter's ashen hue has finally given way to the sunny, blue skies of 
spring, and carefree drives down the highway to destinations unknown.
	What's wrong with this picture?
	There's no mention of potential tire trouble, which can occur in the 
form of a blowout or flat.
	One way to correct the picture is to make sure your destinations are 
known when traveling any distance, according to James Solomon, administrator 
of training for defensive driving courses for the National Safety Council.
	"Someone should know where you are, what time you're leaving one point
and what time you'll arrive at your destination," he said.  "So if you get 
stranded with a blowout on the backside of nowhere, at least people will know 
where to look for you."
	Another tip Solomon offers is to avoid even the smallest of potholes.  
He says that with the spring rains, potholes will be filled with water.
	"You need to ask yourself, 'How deep is that puddle?'" he said.  "Is 
it so deep you'll break the seal on the side of the tire and have a blowout?  
Or cause severe damage to the sidewall of the tire?"
	Since you can't tell with rained-filled potholes, he says it's best to 
miss them altogether.
	Finally, with the advent of summer heat, Solomon says the temperature 
of the asphalt will rise, causing more wear and tear on tires.
	"That's when we really reach the capacity for blowout; when we 
overheat the tires," he said.  "Especially if they don't have a lot of tread 
on them."
	By taking these tips into consideration, and paying a bit more 
attention to your vehicle and its parts, the warm weather can be worry-free 
for your vehicle.  (AFNS Features.  Keane is editor of AFNS Features.)


005.  Fruits and vegetables for better health
By MARK SWEARENGEN
	(Note to editors:  This program is getting under way in stateside 
commissaries.  Some commissaries overseas will not receive related materials 
until three to four months from now, but they will participate in the 
program.)
	Your health can be protected, and even improved, by eating the right 
food on a daily basis.  Essential advice on good nutrition will soon be 
offered in produce sections of commissaries to encourage regular consumption 
of fruits and vegetables for better health.
	Commissaries are participating in a program co-sponsored by the 
National Cancer Institute and the Produce for Better Health Foundation to 
focus on the need to eat fruits and vegetables.  Called "5-a-Day -- for Better 
Health," the program is intended to offer consumers a clear message about 
nutrition, and will complement the Defense Commissary Agency's program to 
improve produce in commissaries worldwide.
	Leading health authorities advise that proper portions of fruits and 
vegetables in a person's daily diet can reduce the risk of cancer, heart 
disease, diabetes, high blood pressure and other chronic diseases.
	The U.S. Surgeon General, National Cancer Institute and American Heart 
Association recommend meals that are low in fat and high in fiber, and include 
portions of fruits and vegetables.
	 "The '5-a-Day' is a simple plan," said Milton Shreiber, DeCA's 
project manager.  "Eat at least five servings a day of fruits and vegetables 
to stay in good health now, reduce your risk of cancer, high blood pressure 
and diabetes, and help control weight."
	Shreiber said a serving can be one-half cup of fruit or cooked 
vegetable, one cup of leafy greens, or one-quarter cup of dried fruit.
	"It's fairly easy to eye-ball these portions," Shreiber said.  "It's 
also easy to design a five-serving plan.  Consider an orange or some pineapple 
rings along with your toast and coffee for breakfast.  Then go for two 
vegetables, such as tomatoes and cauliflower, at lunch.  For dinner, include 
sweet potatoes, and then a serving of cherries or strawberries for dessert."
	The ways to eat the servings each day are numerous and easy.  Some 
suggestions include having a glass of juice or some dried fruits for a snack, 
topping a frozen yogurt with papaya or raspberries, or adding sliced peaches 
to cereal.  Other ideas, including special recipes, will be presented in  
brochures in the commissary. 
	Shreiber said most fruits and vegetables have no cholesterol and they 
are generally low in calories, fat and sodium.  And some are good sources of 
other nutrients such as calcium and potassium.
	"The '5-a-Day' is a delicious and easy habit to acquire, and it could 
be the most important change in a person's lifestyle," he said.  (AFNS 
Features.  Swearengen is assigned to the Defense Commissary Agency at Fort 
Lee, VA.)


006.  Hypothermia:  Could you survive?
	Most people think of hypothermia as a cold-weather condition and too 
often overlook it when the temperature begins to rise.  Little do they know 
that the ideal conditions for a person to fall victim to hypothermia is windy 
and wet weather with the temperature between 30 and 50 degrees.
	Hypothermia begins whenever a person's body core temperature falls 
below his or her normal body temperature.  As the body core temperature falls, 
some of the following symptoms will occur: intense shivering, which reduces 
the ability to perform the simplest of tasks; violent shivering, which 
increases difficulty in speaking and thinking; and shivering replaced by 
muscular rigidity in which a person loses contact with the surrounding 
environment and drifts into a stupor, unconsciousness, heart failure, 
cessation of brain control, and death.
	The time to prevent hypothermia is during the period of exposure and 
exhaustion.  The moment your body begins to lose heat faster than it produces 
it, you become hypothermic.  Exercising to stay warm, or involuntary 
adjustments made by the body to preserve the normal temperature of vital 
organs, drains your energy reserve and causes exhaustion.
	To avoid hypothermia, follow a few rules:  First, stay dry.  When 
clothes get wet they lose about 90 percent of the insulating value.  Second, 
beware of the wind.  Wind drives cold air under and through clothing.  It also 
refrigerates wet clothing by evaporating moisture from the surface.  Third,  
understand the cold.  Many people fatally underestimate the danger of being 
wet at such temperatures.
	Remember, hypothermia can happen any time of the year.  No matter 
where you go or what you are doing, take enough clothing to protect you from 
all types of weather.  (AFNS Features.  "Survival Tips" are provided as a 
public service by the U.S. Air Force Survival School, Fairchild AFB, Wash.)


007.  Resolve money arguments
By BRENDA CUDE
	Fifty-four percent of American families argue about money "a lot," 
according to a recent survey.  Family arguments about money are not restricted 
to husbands and wives.  Parents are shocked by the spending habits of their 
teen-age children, while middle-aged men and women still wince under criticism 
of money management from their parents.
	The following guidelines may help if money is causing a strain in your 
family.
	First, make sure you and your spouse are speaking the same language. 
One of you may think that you can easily afford to go out to dinner because 
your combined annual income is $40,000.  The other may think that you can't 
afford to go out because after you pay all the bills, there is only $25 a week 
left.  The argument isn't really about an evening out, it's about what 
"afford" means.
	Second, play the money game.  Make a list of where the family money 
goes -- everything from mortgage payments, to vacations, to savings -- placing 
each item in order of importance to you.  Compare your list with your spouse's 
list.  You may be in for some surprises.  For example, building a savings 
account may be important to your spouse, while you want to remodel the house. 
Once you know what the other person's priorities are, it's easier to 
compromise.
	Next, lay down ground rules.  Are there constant hassles with your 
teen-ager about who pays to fill the car with gas?  Is one spouse continuously 
upset over the other's spending?  Instead of fighting recurring money battles, 
set up standard procedures and stick to them.  You might decide that whoever 
uses the family car keeps track of mileage and puts 10 cents a mile in a jar 
labeled "gasoline."  You might lay out a comprehensive plan for spending and
avoid arguments by staying within these guidelines.
	Then, avoid the -"you-" approach.  If, despite all good intentions, 
disagreements about money still arise, avoid starting a sentence with "you." 
For example, when you and your spouse face a pile of rising bills and rising 
tempers, don't say things like "You go wild charging things on your credit 
card."  Instead, consciously begin sentences with "I" as, "I would be much 
happier if things were paid for in cash so there wouldn't be credit card bills 
every month."
	Finally, rephrase questions.  Stop arguments before they start by 
repeating, in your own words, what you thought the other person said, and have 
him or her confirm it.  In this way, you are both forced to state exactly what 
you mean.  For instance, although it may sound like your spouse is complaining 
about restaurant charges on your credit card statement, your spouse really may 
be asking whether most of the lunches were for business, whether prices have 
gone up at all the downtown restaurants, or whether these lunches are 
important to you.  If you can answer the actual questions, rather than what 
you read into them, an unnecessary argument may be avoided.  (AFNS Features.  
Cude is an extension consumer economist at the University of Illinois.)


008.  First flight over the hump
	(Note to editors:  This article is part of a series commemorating the 
anniversaries of World War II events, and is provided by the Air Force 
Historical Research Agency, Maxwell AFB, Ala.)
	By late 1941, Japan had conquered large parts of China, including all 
its major ports.  Blocked from access to the sea, the Chinese government 
depended on American and British supplies transported over the Burma Road.  
This link was severed in March 1942 when Japanese forces captured the Burmese 
port of Rangoon.  Loss of the Burma Road forced the allies to seek an air 
route from British India to China over the Himalaya Mountains, "the Hump."
	The first mission over the Hump was in support of Lt. Col. James H. 
Doolittle's Tokyo raid.  Doolittle planned to fly B-25 bombers from an 
aircraft carrier and land them in unoccupied parts of China for refueling.  
Headquartered at New Delhi, India, the American 10th Air Force would have to 
fly Doolittle's fuel to China over the Hump.
	Lt. Col. William Donald Old of the Assam-Burma-China Ferry Command, in 
India, obtained eight Pan-American DC-3s for the mission.  On April 8, 1942, 
two of the aircraft carried the first of 30,000 gallons of gasoline and 500 
gallons of lubricating oil from Dinjan in eastern India, via Myitkyina in 
northern Burma, to Yunnan-yi and Loiwing in southern China.  After delivering 
fuel for the Doolittle operation, the 10th Air Force continued flights from 
India to China, shifting its operations to higher and more hazardous flight 
paths as the Japanese advanced into Burma.
	Hump flights to China continued until the Japanese surrender in 1945.  
Eventually, C-46, C-47, C-54 and C-87 aircraft flew the dangerous route, 
climbing over mountains exceeding 15,000 feet in altitude and battling icing, 
turbulence, monsoon rains and thick clouds.  The cargo planes delivered fuel, 
weapons, ammunition and other supplies from bases in the Assam province of 
eastern India to Yunnan province in southern China.  Monthly loads rose from 
300 tons in July 1942 to more than 70,000 tons in July 1945.
	The Hump airlift helped keep China in the war and secure bases from 
which American aircraft could attack Japanese targets.  Experience gained from 
flying over the Himalayas contributed to the success of future USAF airlifts.  
  (AFNS Features.)


009.  Job fair information
	The following is the Non-commissioned Officers Association's job fair 
schedule through June of calendar year 1992:
	April 15; Holiday Inn; (602) 746-1161
	4550 South Palo Verde, Tucson, AZ, 85714 
	April 30; Charleston Marriott; (803) 747-1900
        4770 Marriott Dr., North Charleston, SC, 29418
        May 15; Red Lion Hotel; (719) 576-8900
        1775 East Cheyenne Mtn. Blvd., Colorado Springs, CO, 80906 
	May 27; Vogelweh Military Community Officers & Civilian Club
        Kaiserslautern, Germany
	May 29; Old Dominion NCO Club
	Patrick Henry Village, Heidelberg, Germany
	June 18; San Antonio Convention Center; (512) 299-8500
	200 East Market, San Antonio, TX, 78205
	Job fairs are open to all military members and spouses regardless of 
NCOA membership or officer-enlisted status.  Prospective attendees should 
visit the nearest NCOA service center to get copies of the mini-resume and 
obtain additional information.  If there is no NCOA service center nearby, 
write NCOA-VEA, P.O. Box 33610, San Antonio, TX, 78265, or call (512) 
653-6161.  AFMPC POC is Lt. Col. Harry Forbes, DPMASB, DSN 487-6280.  (AFNS 
Features.)

-- 
         
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    //     \\                    Air Force News Agency 
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   \\  {*}  //                   bergman@afpan.pa.af.mil  
   \  CMSgt  /      ___________________ /____________________________________
   \  Mike   /   
   \ Bergman /
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