Newsgroups: comp.infosystems.gis
Date:         Thu, 9 Apr 1992 12:18:36 EDT
              <GIS-L@UBVM.BITNET>
Comments:     Resent-From: alan fiermonte <ABZX@CORNELLA>
Comments:     Originally-From: "Edward Bade " <jqej@crux1.cit.cornell.edu>
From:         alan fiermonte <ABZX@CORNELLA.BITNET>
Subject:      GIS Lit. Review
X-cc:         hui@cornella.BITNET, jqej@crux1.cit.cornell.edu

To ALL GIS Netters: Here is a recent compilation of journal abstracts on
GIS in Urban and Regional Planning completed by Roger Slothowers GIS class at
Cornell University during Spring 1992.  I hope and trust it is useful to some
GIS-ers?
Alan Fiermonte, ABZX@CornellA.cit.cornell.edu
----------------------------Original message----------------------------
Dear Roger,

This is from NTRES 420. Please reply to ABZX@cornella if you have any questions.
 For facility's sake it is being transferred through a friend's account, but he
 won't know what you're talking about if you reply to him.

Thanks,

Allan

the file follows:
____________________________________________________________________________






LITERATURE REVIEW

GIS in PLANNING
















CONTRIBUTORS							PRESENTED TO:

Maria G. Clemente  (MGC)					Roger Slothower
Laetitia Dablanc  (LD)						NatRes 420, Spring '92
Will Donham  (WD)						13 February, 1992
Jesus J. Duran  (JJD)
Brad Flamm  (BJF)
Ho Kim  (HK)
Tom Kruse  (tk)
Tim Larson  (TKL)
Susan E. Lassell  (SEL)
Jordi B. Surkin  (JBS)









JOURNALS REVIEWED

Annals of Regional Science, 1987-1991.  Found: 0  Reviewed: 0  Type: This
 journal offers current policy and research issues in urban, regional and
 environmental topics.  (SEL)

Associated Students for Historic Preservation,  1988-1990.  Found: 0 Reviewed: 0
  Type: The newsletter of the University of OregonUs graduate program in
 Historic Preservation.  (SEL)

Berkeley Planning Journal, Volumes 1-6 (1984/85-1991).  Found: 0.  Reviewed: 0.
 Type: Journal of the Graduate Students of the Department of City and Regional
 Planning at the University of California at Berkeley; it focuses on a wide
 variety of domestic and international planning issues. (BJF)

Carolina Planning. 1988 - 91. Volumes 14 to 16. 2 articles found. 1 article
 reviewed. Annual publication from the Department of City and Regional Planning
 of the University of North Carolina. (LD)

Center for Envionmental Studies, -1980. Found: 0. (LD)

Computers, Environment and Urban Systems:An International Journal. Volumes 13-15
 (1989-1991) Found:4 . Reviewed: 1  Type: Research journal that analyzes the
 areas of urban planning, land use, fiscal policies and environmental issues
 through the use of computer science (MGC)

Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design.  Volumes 1988-1991. Found: 19,
 Reviewed: 19. Type: This journal is a research journal which focuses on new
 ways of integrating information technologies and quantative techniques in
 planning and design.  (JBS)

Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy. Volumes 1987-1991. Found: 0
 Reviewed:0. Type: Research and theory journal focusing on issues related to
 planning and  policy making in the public sector. (tk)

Environment and Planning D: Society and Space. Volumes 1987-1991. Found:0
 Reviewed: 0. Type:  Research and theory journal, with an emphasis on theorizing
 society and the spatial aspects of socio-economic, political and culural
 problems. (tk)

Environment and Urbanization. Vol 3 (1991) Foun:0 Reviewed:0 Type: Twice yearly
 journal, published by the International Institute for Environment and
 Development (IIED), the journal is addressed to NGOs, activists and researchers
 in the Third World, and to students and teachers in the First World. Its main
 fields are: settlements and the Environment. (JD)

Geo-Info Systems Volumes 1-2 (1989-1992) Found:13  Reviewed:2 Type: This is an
 advertised magazine for GISUs users. It is written by GISUusers. The magazine
 presents literature about research, development and aplications of GIS
 products, it also promotes services and products of GIS as well as events in
 this field.(MGC)

Greater London Intelligence Serial. -1980. Found: 0. (LD)

Habitat News. 1989 - 91. Volumes 11 - 13. No specific article found on GIS or
 any automated mapping technique. Leading quaterly journal focusing on
 international development issues. Published by the UN Center for Human
 Development (Nairobi, Kenya). (LD)

Historic Preservation Forum, 1988-1991.  Found: 1 Reviewed: 1  Type: This
 quarterly journal discusses current issues of import in the field of historic
 preservation.  (SEL)

Historic Preservation,  v. 39-42 (1987-1991).  Found: 0 Reviewed: 0 Type: The
 journal of the National Trust For Historic Preservation presents preservation
 issues in a Rcoffee-tableS format for its national membership.  (SEL)

International Journal of Geographical Information Systems. Volumes 3-5
 (1989-1991). Found:10 Reviewed: 2 Type: This journal deals with theory,
 research, development and applications of GIS in different sort of fields. It
 also includes tutorial reviews, written for users of GIS,reviews of hardwares
 and softwares, book reviews, news and conference reports (MGC)

Journal of Development Planning, Volumes 20-23 (1988-1991).  Found: 0.
 Reviewed: 0.  Type: Publication of the United NationUs Department of
 International Economic and Social Affairs which focusses on planning issues in
 developing countries. (BJF)

Journal of Planning Education and Research, Volumes 7-10 (1988-1991).  Found: 0.
  Reviewed: 0.  Type: A publication of the Association of Collegiate Schools of
 Planning with the goal of influencing the quality and conduct of planning
 research and scholarship. (BJF)

Journal of Planning Literature. Volumes 1989-1991. Found :0 Reviewed :0. Type :
 Review of articles and abstracts of recent literature in the field of city and
 regional planning.

Journal of the American Planning Association. Volumes 54-57 1988-1991. Found: 6
 Reviewed: 5  Type: Leading journal of the United States' profesional planning
 association, covering practiacllay all aspects of the practce of planning.

Journal of Urban Affairs. Vol 1989-1991. Found :0 Reviewed:0. Type: Social
 Science oriented journal for urban and environmental planning. (JD)

Metropolis, Volumes 1989-1991. Found: 0, Reviewed: 0. Type:  This is magazine
 for non-planners which looks at urban design, interior design, and
 architecture. (JBS)

Metropolis.  Volumes 1989-1991.  Found:0 Reviewed:0.  Primarily city planning
 issues...ranging the gamet of social, political, physical, economic issues.
 (TKL)

Michigan Planner. 1988 - 91. Volumes 8 - 11. 1 article found. 1 article
 reviewed. Quaterly publication oriented toward local planners, dealing with
 comprehensive planning issues. Not technique oriented. (LD)

NCPC quaterly. -1986. Found: 0. National Capital Planning Commission. Focuses on
 Washington DC planning issues. (LD)

Planning History Present. Volumes 1990-1991. Found :0 Reviewed :0. Type : A
 semiannual newsletter for The Society for American City and Regional Planning
 History.

Planning Outlook. Volumes 32-34 (1989-1991).  Found:7 Reviewed:5  Type:An
 International Journal of Planning.  Focuses on project planning and
 implementation in an international context. (TKL)

Planning Perspectives, Volumes 3-6 (1988-1991).  Found: 0.  Reviewed: 0.  Type:
 An international journal of history, planning and the environment which focuses
 on the history of plan design and implementation. (BJF)

Planning Quarterly, Nos. 93-104 (1989-1991).  Found: 0.  Reviewed: 0.  Type: A
 practically oriented journal of the New Zealand Planning Institute with regular
 features and special topics in each issue. (BJF)

Planning. Volumes 1990-1991. Found :1 Reviewed :1. Type : A monthly journal on
 planning issues.

Preservation League of New York State. 1988 - 91. Volumes 10 - 13. Found: 0.
 Type: gives factual accounts of preservation actions in the state. (LD)

Property Tax Journal. Volumes 1989-1991. Found :2 Reviewed :2. Type : A
 quarterly journal devoted to studies in property taxation and assessment
 administration.

Region Tomorrow, The. Volume 1991. Found :0 Reviewed :0. Type : A newsletter for
 The Regional Plan Association.  Outlines the context and proposes goals for
 RPA's next regional plan.

Review of Rural and Urban Planning in Southern and Eastern Africa, Volumes 1-3
 (1989-1991).  Found: 1.  Reviewed: 1.  Type: The journal of the Association of
 Rural and Urban Planners in Southern and Eastern Africa which serves as a forum
 of analysis of the theory and practice of rural, urban and regional planning in
 the region. (BJF)

Revista Interamericana de Planificacion. Volumes 1989-1991. Found: 0 Reviewed:
 0. Type: This is an academic research journal which focuses on planning issues
 in Latin America  (JBS)

Revista Interamericana de Planificacion. Volumes XXII-XXIV (1989-1991)  Found:0.
 Reviewed:0 Type:Scientific journal related to planning issues focused on
 Spanish speaking countries. (MGC)

Small Town. Vol. 18-22 (1989-1991). Found:0  Reviewed: 0  Type: Publication of
 the Small Town Institute, dedicated to collecting and diseminating information
 concerning small towns and non-urban issues. (JD)

Third World Planning Review. -1980. Found: 0. (LD)
Type: Research and policy oriented journal for urban and regional planning
 issues. (TKL)




ARTICLE REVIEWS


Abdulaal, Walead and al-Rahman, Aziz.  "Development of Shopping Centres in
 Jeddah."  Planning Outlook.  vol.34, 1991, Issue No.1:  page 10-19.
	This article examines the development of shopping centers in Jeddah, Saudi
 Arabia.    Spatially, the shopping centers present distinctive spatial and
 rental value patterns and  GIS is used in the evaluation of this criteria in
 the development process.  This article was presented in conjunction with Urban
 Growth Management in Jeddah which appears in the same issue of Planning Outlook
 and examines in greater depth the use of GIS in the development process. (TKL)

Al-Ankary,K. (1991)  "An Incremental Approach for Establishing a Geographical
 Information System in a Developing Country: Saudi Arabia." International
 Journal of Geographical Information Systems. Volume 3 No. 1: 85-98

Angus-Leppan,P. (1989)  "The Thailand Land Titling Project: First Steps in a
 Parcel-Based LIS." International Journal of Geographical Information Systems.
 Volume 3 No. 1: 59-68

Bossler,J. ; Goad,C.; Johnson, P. and Novak,K. (1991) "GPS and GIS Map the
 NationUs Highways."  Geo-Info Systems Volume 1 No. 3: 27-35

Brachen, I. 1989. RThe generation of socio-economic surfaces for public policy
 makingS. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 16, 3: p 307-325.

Brail RK. 1990. RIntegrating urban information systems and spatial models.S
 Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 17, 4: p 417-428.

Breheny, MJ. 1989. RChalkface to coalface: A review of the academic practice
 interface.S Environment and Planning B: planning and design 17, 4: p 451-468.

Burrough, Peter. and Masser, Ian.  1991.  "A challenge to all GIS users:  Is the
 GIS you have the GIS you really want?"  Computers, Environment and Urban
 Systems  15, 4:  215-218.

Carver, S.J.  "Site Search and Multi-Criteria Evaluation."  Planning Outlook
 vol.34, 1991, Issue No.1:  page 27-36.

	The functionality of GIS tends to be limited to certain deterministic analyses
 which serve merely as a computerized map.  In this article, the integration of
 Multicriteria Evaluation techniques with GIS is presented as a means to
 evaluate sites identified by sieve mapping techniques on the basis of multiple
 and conflicting criteria and objectives.  An example application based on the
 search for suitable radioactive waste disposal sites in Britain using the
 Arc/Info GIS is included.  The potential use of a combined GIS/MCE approach in
 the development of spatial decision support systems is also considered.  I
 classify this between the Discovery and Exploratory stage with an interesting
 possibility of creating the intelligent GIS.  (HK)

Charlton, M.E. and Ellis, S.  "GIS in Planning."  Planning Outlook  vol. 34,
 1991                 Issue No.1:  page 20-26.

	This article serves as an overview for the potential uses of GIS in the field
 of planning.  It  identifies some of the pitfalls to be avoided when applying
 GIS and some practical considerations in the area of data sources, spatial
 analysis, data management, and system configurations.   The future of GIS in
 the field and the move to PC based packages is also examined.  This is an
 excellent article on GIS applications in planning. (TKL)

Cripps, E. and Pate, S.  Using GIS to target Cumbria's Resources.  Planning
 Outlook  34, 1:  page 43-49.  (TKL)

	This is an analysis of GIS in the context of resource allocations by government
 to meet in needs of communities in counties such as Cumbria.  Cumbria is used
 as an illustrative example used to focus on the use of GIS in the community
 development process.  It is of particular use to planners who intend to work in
 a smaller, micro-oriented community planning  environment (not  city or system
 planning).  The article discusses particular problems attached to servicing a
 sparse, dispersed population and GIS techniques that will assist in achieving
 stated planning goals.

Crowe,D. (1991) "DOSLIUs Digital Cadastral Data Base: The foundation of New
 ZealandUs LIS" Geo-Info Systems. Volume 1 No. 7: 42-47

	Based on a GIS software from GeoVision Corporation (Ottawa, Canada), that runs
 under Unix and incorporates the ORACLE relational data base management system
 to handle attribute data, the New ZealandUd Department of Survey and Land
 Information is developing a digital cadastral data base, that will form the
 primary geographic reference to develop a spatial geographic information system
 representing cadastral data for the whole nation. This information  will assist
 New ZealandUs gas, water and electrical utilities, as well as the countryUs
 local-regional governments, private property developers, and other entities.
 60% of the information has been processed and the  project is expected to be
 completing by December 1992. This is  an accepted use for GIS in the field of
 planning. (MGC)

Daghistani, I.  "Urban Growth and Management in Jeddah."   Planning Outlook.
 vol. 34, 1991, Issue No.1:  page 2-9.

	Rapid growth in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia has been the source of a series of
 managment and planning problems.  This article is complimentary to "Development
 of Shopping Centres in Jeddah" in the same issue of Planning Outlook.  The
 article describes the uses of GIS in the rapid growth environment of Jeddah.
 Some aspects of the article are useful in painting an overall picture for the
 uses of GIS in development planning; then again, some are not. (TKL)

Diamond, JT, and Wright, JR. 1988. RDesign of an integrated spatial information
 system for multiobjective land-use planning.S Environment and Planning B:
 Planning and design. 15, 2: p 205-214.

	This paper discusses the development of ISIS, or Integrated Spatial Information
 System, linking together a geographic information system, a rule-based system
 (RBS) and a multiobjective programming model (MPM) to enhance and improve
 planning practice.  Here, a GIS is presented as an established (ACCEPTED)
 technology that Ris now being used by various governmental agencies to perform
 such tasks as redistricting, utilities planning, and resource analysisS (page
 206).  The technical vocabulary of this paper makes it difficult to use. (LD)

Dueker, Kenneth J and DeLacey, P. Barton. 1990. "GIS in the Land Development
 Process: Balancing the Needs of Land Use Planners and Real Estate Developers."
 Journal of the American Planning Association  56, 4: 483-491.

	Noting the different and often competing information needs of developers and
 planners, the authors look at ways GIS can be useful in ironing out the
 information wrinkles through creating an LIS (land information system) that can
 serve both groups.  In general, two kinds of information are needed:  one, a
 "generalized" GIS system for site selection, evaluation, and land value
 analysis.  This must be complimented by a more detailed level of information at
 which specific site development and infrastructure planning can be carried out.
  While possible, the authors note that without state level intervention in
 information regulation, wasteful proprietary bickering is destined to continue
 for years to come. What's new?(tk)

Edralin, J. "Conference Report: International Conference on Geographic
 Information Systems Applications for Urban and Regional Planning."
 International Journal of Geographical Information Systems. Volume 3 No. 1: 147-
 154

Eyre L. (1989) JAMGIS, The First Jamaican Government Comprehensive Multi-Data
 Geographical Information System: Achievements and Problems. International
 Journal of Geographical Information Systems. Volume 3 No.4 : 363-371

Farkas, D. (1990) GPS-based GIS Prepares Newark for the Future. Geo-Info
 Systems. Volume 1 No. 0 : 56-60

Fernald, Edward.  1990.  Some thoughts on how the State of Florida might
 approach the development of a statewide geographic information system.
 Computers, Environment and Urban Systems.   14, 1:  5-10.

	This article is an introductory look at GIS from a public affairs standpoint.
 The author discusses possible uses for a statewide system, but stresses that it
 needs to be researched and understood before a system is implemented.  The
 article is exploratory.  (WD)

Frank, Andrew U. 1989. "The Geographic Information System and Its Use for
 Valuation."  Property Tax Journal 8, 1: 85-98.

	In order to evaluate and assess real estate property information properly, it
 is necessary to describe the property in spatial terms.  Currently, two primary
 architectures for GIS, file and database oriented, are used for various
 purposes.  The author argues that systems for valuation purposes should be
 database oriented.  This article is mainly a proposal to use GIS for property
 valuation.  (HK)

French SP, and Wiggins, LL. 1990. . RCalifornia planning agency experiences with
 automated mapping and GIS.S Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design.
 16, 4: p 441-449.

	This article is a description of a survey in which the authors were trying to
 determine how many planning agencies in California use GIS, what GIS systems
 they use, and for what purpose they use it.  According to the article, planners
 have primarily been using GIS for zoning reviews, plan preparation, and land
 use parcel mapping.  The article details how the arrival of GIS in planning is
 a relatively new phenomenon, and I would classify this article as exploratory
 in that it attempts to describe how planners use GIS, and not to validate these
 uses.  In terms of my own interests I found it interesting that according to
 the authors planning agencies in California are not using GIS for environmental
 planning. (JBS)

Friedley, Dale. 1989. "Commonalty in Data Stores and Functions of Geographic
 Information Systems and Automated Appraisal and Assessment Systems." Property
 Tax Journal 8, 1: 99-112.

	The article discuss strategies for integrating appraisal and assessment
 software systems with modern geographic information systems.  Although each
 kind of system has a distinct role and design, data integration through file
 transfer offers interface solutions superior to those of integrated software.
 This paper discusses some of the critical issues surrounding this integration.
 This is an introductory article for a specific data structure required.  (HK)

Gar-On Yeh,A. (1991) "The Development and Application of Geographic Information
 Systems for Urban and Regional Planning in the Developing Countries."
 International Journal of Geographical Information Systems. Volume 5 No.1: 5-27

	This article addresses the utility that GIS offers in the field of urban and
 regional  planning. It describes different sort of applications that go from
 data retrieval and site selection to project monitoring and programming. It
 also presents  different applications of GIS for urban and regional planning in
 the developing countries in Asia. Finally, the article presents the major
 obstacles for adopting  GIS systems in the developing countries which are: data
 availability, manpower and training, leadership, organization structure and
 planning practice.This articles is very interesting to me since in Venezuela we
 are starting to introduce this technology into the local government environment
 so, it was good to know some of the obstacles that we may face in this issue.
 (MGC)

Gilfoyle, Ian.  1991.  "Mapping Out the Future:  A GIS Overview." The Planner.
 77, January 18, 1991:  9-11.

Gimblett, Randy.  1989.  "Linking perception research, visual simulations and
 dynamic modeling within a GIS framework:  The Ball State experience."
 Computers, Environment and Urban Systems.   13, 2:  109-124.

Harris, Britton.  1989. "Beyond Geographic Information Systems: Computers and
 the Planning Professional."  Journal of the American Planning Association 55,
 1: 85-90.

	Written by a booster of PC use in the planning offices, this article argues for
 broader and more sophisticated PC usage in the planning process, using "making
 a city plan" as an example.  Differentiates between levels of sophistication
 necessary for simple "sketch planning" versus "administration," while extolling
 the virtue of GIS for both.  Concludes that effective use of GIS is within
 reach, but improvements are still needed in software.  Followed by a list of
 readings on GIS in planning. (tk)

Hastings, David A. and Clark, David M.  1991.  "GIS in Africa: Problems,
 Challenges and Opportunities for Co-operation."  International Journal of
 Geographic Information Systems Vol. 5, No. 1: 29-39.

	GIS activities and projects in Africa, introduced and funded by donor nations,
 are shown to reflect many of the typical problems of development "aid": poor
 comprehension of local needs and capacities; little thought to maintenance and
 sustainability; and tight implementation schedules which downplay training and
 follow-up activities.  Four cases in Egypt and Kenya are presented to highlight
 problems and potential solutions.  The authors recommend better software,
 training materials and programs, follow-up and collaboration between users of
 GIS.  The article is exploratory in that it reviews established programs and
 proposes solutions to real problems.  Though general in its discussion, its
 discussion of GIS in Africa, my primary geographic interest, is useful. (BJF)

Heikkila, Eric.  1990.  "Modeling Fiscal Impacts Using Expert GIS:  Theory and
 Strategy."  Computers, Environment and Urban Systems.   14, 1:  25-36.

Heikkila,E. (1990) Modeling Fiscal Impacts Using Expert GIS: Theory and
 Strategy. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems. Volume 14 No.1: 22-35

Heywood I.  1990.  "Geographic Information Systems in the Social Sciences."
 Environment and Planning a. Vol. 22, issue 12: Page 1559-1560.

	This article is a commentary about GIS related to Social Sciences. Issues like
 definitions and/or meanings, as far as argumentations about the actual
 influence of GIS, are considered in the article. The relevant point in this
 article is the necessity of "spatial glasnost" for GIS survival,  in the sense
 of friendly political climate.....friendly and democratic! (JD).

Hyde, R. (1991) "The Feasibility of a Land Information System for Belize,
 Central America."  International Journal of Geographical Information  Systems.
 Volume 5 No.1: 99-109

Jacobs, Harvey M.  1989.  "Implementing Local Multipurpose Land Information
 Systems: Political-Economic Research Issues."  Computers, Environment and Urban
 Systems Vol 13, No. 1: 3-13.

	Professor Jacobs explores the likely impact of the growing use of MPLISs,
 "Multipurpose Land Information Systems" (GISs with cadastral and zoning
 functions), on the democratic process.  He concludes, based on previous studies
 of computer use in local governments, that MPLISs could reinforce existing
 distributions of power.  The author calls for further research geared towards a
 democratic theory of MPLIS use.  This article is exploratory in nature because
 it examines the theoretical effects of the adoption of GIS systems in local
 governments.  I find it provocative and the issue an important one for planning
 students and planners to consider. (BJF)

Klosterman R.E.  1992. Evolving Views of Computer-Aided Planning. Journal of
 Planning Literature  6, 3: page 249-253.

	This article reviews the planner's changing views of the role of computer
 technology in planning practice, research and education. Reviewing three
 decades, it provides a very large bibliography on the matter. The article also
 speaks about GIS acceptance, characterizing it as extremely useful for planning
 applications. However, it also takes into account, that planners in the rush to
 collect spatial data are not analyzing, predicting and evaluating, their
 traditional concerns. The article concludes by evaluating future prospects of
 computer-aided planning, and suggesting useful directions for the future. (JD).

Klosterman, RE and Landis, JD.1988. RMicrocomputers in US Planning: Past,
 Present, and Future.S Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design  15, 3: p
 355-367.

	The authors review seven microcomputer applications which are used by planners
  One of these applications is GIS, and the article discusses the pros and cons
 of GIS usage in planning.  The article concludes that planners have willingly
 embraced these computer technologies, but that there is no evidence to indicate
 that this has led to an improved productivity or responsiveness on the part of
 planning agencies.  The authors indicate that microcomputers and various
 application packages can be useful tools for planners, but that these
 technologies must used in conjunction with other planning tools and not in
 place of them.  I would classify the article as exploratory  because it focuses
 on how microcomputer packages such as GIS can be useful in planning practice.
 I found the article to not be very useful because it provided only a very brief
 and unenlightening description of how planners could use each of these
 packages. (JBS)

Landis, John D.  1990. "Microcomputer Based GIS Systems."  Journal of the
 American Planning Association 56, 3: 373-376.

	Review of three updated or new GIS software packages for planning use on a PC
 base.  They include: LandTrak, MapInfo and pcARC/dBase.  Makes useful
 comparison of  cost, available support and required hardware.  Concludes that
 "comprehensive PC-based GIs for local planning [is] not quite here
 yet...although [this] may not be so for long."  Finally, notes that since last
 writing (see Levine and Landis, 1989) integration of computers into core
 planning functions is on the rise. (tk)

Lang, Laura. 1990. "Spaced Out."  Planning 56, 5: 24-28.

	This article describes how satellite imagery and GIS are used in urban
 planning.  The author advocates using satellite imagery by conducting a
 cost-benefit analysis including time, monetary cost, accuracy, and ease of
 manipulation.  This is an overview of general practice.  (HK)

Lee, YC. 1990 . RGIS for urban applications: problems and solutions.S
 Environment and planning B: Planning and design. 17, 4: p463-474.

Levine, Jonathan and Landis, John D.  1989  "Geographic Information Systems for
 Local Planning."  Journal of the American Planning Association 55, 2: 209-220.
 This introductory article reviews four PC based software packages in automated
 mapping and GIS: LandTrak, MapInfo, AtlasGraphics and pcARC/INFO, aimed at
 people considering entry into automated mapping/GIS for local planning.  Each
 package is looked at in terms of how it works what it does and doesn't do.
 Provides useful comparison table of capabilites and limitations of each system.
  Closes with general guidelines/checklist for those choosing a GIS system. (tk)

Lindquist,R. (1991) Illinois Cleans Up: Using GIS for Landfill Siting.  Geo-Info
 Systems. Volume 1 No. 2: 30-35

	In this article GIS is used to assist planners to determine suitable location
 for a landfill based on physical, social and political parameters. Also,
 sitting criteria are defined and  mapped to establish a buffer zone around the
 landfill. This buffer area will be defined through the applications of GIS.
 This is an accepted use of GIS. And it  directly address my main interest which
 is to get familiar with the present and future perspectives that GIS offers to
 the municipal work. (MGC)

Macgill, S.M.  1990.  "GIS in the 1990's."  Environment and Planning.  v. 22,
 issue 12:  1559-1660.
	This brief article discusses how quickly GIS has become an essential part of
 the planning field.  It then goes on to talk about some elements of GIS that
 are under-utilized, including sensible modeling capability, decision support
 functionality, and the need for more flexible data interface.  (WD)

Marble, DF and Amundson, SE. 1988. RMicrocomputer-based gis and their role in
 urban and regional planningS. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design
 15, 3: p 305-324.

	This article provides an introduction to what GIS can do, and how planners can
 apply it their field.  It then proceeds to analyze the quality and usefulness
 of various microcomputers GIS packages.  The article emphasizes that GIS is an
 extremely useful tool for planners, and I would classify it as an exploratory
 article because it analyzes the capabilites and limitations of various GIS
 packages and not any specific applications of these packages.  I found the
 article to only be useful in the sense that it introduced me to various pcGIS
 packages, and brought out some of the limitations and uses of these systems.
 (JBS)

Masser, I. 1988. RThe development of GIS in Britain: the Chorley report in
 perspectiveS. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 15,4: p 489-494.

	A government report on GIS is assessed where GIS is viewed as a new and
 extremely promising technology (Rthe biggest step forward in the handling of
 geographic information since the invention of the mapS) (page 489). Author says
 however that the future development of the technique will be determined by
 users, not by any governmental decision.	GIS appears as an EXPLORATORY
 technique with huge potentials for todayUs planners. Could be useful article
 for someone interested in government point of view. (LD)

Masser, Ian.  1989.  "GIS in Britain:  The Chorley Report and the Regional
 Research Lab initiative."  Computers, Environment and Urban Systems.   13, 1:
 39-46.

	This article relates the history of UK government promotion of GIS technology
 through the establishment of semi-public research centers operating without
 public-sector funds.  2 tangible projects are described: a Prototype Geographic
 Analysis Machine which has actually identified unknown cancer clusters in the
 population and a Health Care Planning Information System which will be capable
 of monitoring health care planning issues.  This is an exploratory use of GIS,
 demonstrating its potentials in the context of research institutions.  The uses
 described here are interesting and of value to regional planners but do not
 specifically address my interests. (BJF)

Matthews, Stephen.  1990.  "Epidemiology using a GIS:  The need for caution."
 Computers, Environment and Urban Systems.   14, 3:  213-222.

	Based on the epidemiology field, this  article highlights the problems that
 arises from the applied GIS research. One of the main constraints of the paper
 is the accuracy of the data,  and therefore the criteria used to identify as
 how such data should be analyzed. Upon de GIS present wide acceptance it is the
 risk of erroneous findings and policy recommendations. This means that research
 projects should be carefully prepared and implemented, to prevent GIS failures
 and consequently disappointing. (JD)

Newkirk, RT and Wang, F. A. 1990. RCommon knowledge base for remote sensing and
 geographic information in a change detection expert systemS. Environment and
 Planning B: planning and design. 17, 4: p395-404.

Newton, PW. 1988. RMicrocomputers applications for urban infrastructure
 planningS. Environment and planning B: Planning and design. 15, 3: p 255-268.

Nicol, Jacqueline.  "Geographic Information Systems within the National Health
 Service:  the Scope for Implementation."  Planning Outlook.  vol.34, 1991,
 Issue No.1:  page 37-42.

	This paper examines the needs for information management within the health
 service of Great Britain.  GIS is used to serve functions such as database
 managment, networking, and overlying of data.    The article presents an
 argument for the the efficient and effective use of GIS in the resource
 managment of health and management systems.  It is an excellent compliment to
 the article, Using GIS to Target CubriaUs Resources in the same issue of
 Planning Outlook.   This article focuses on the uses of GIS in the process of
 macro-oriented systems planning. (TKL)

O'Brien, L.G.  1990.  "NOMIS:  A system for managing urban and regional small
 area statistics in a national GIS."  Computers, Environment and Urban Systems.
  14, 1:  49-59.

OUBrien, L. (1990) "NOMIS: A System for Managing Urban and Regional Small Area
 Statistics in a National GIS." Computers, Environment and Urban Systems. Volume
 14 No1: 49-59.

	This article reviews some of the background to the development of the National
 Online Manpower Information System (NOMIS), which is a GIS designed as a major
 source of statistical information for small areas in the United Kingdom. This
 article focuses  on the design criteria underlying NOMIS. Some of the criteria
 used to design this GIS system were: to consider the  expected userdase, to
 minimize cost of data storage, to maximize the system storage capabilities, and
 to simplify the command language to allow the users interface. This application
 is an exploratory attempt to mirror some of the characteristics of the field of
 demographics within a society whose attitude to publicly available information
 in restrictive. It is an informative article that address some variables to
 consider when new technology is introduced in a particular  environment. (MGC)

OUBrien,K. (1991) "Arlington Starts with a Mapless GIS."  Geo-Info Systems.
 Volume 1 No. 4: 41-45

Obermeyer, Nancy.  1990.  "Bureaucratic factors in the adaptation of GIS by
 public organizations:  Preliminary evidence from public administrators and
 planners."  Computers, Environment and Urban Systems.  14, 4:  261-272.

	This article discusses some of the difficulties that the National Center for
 Geographic Information and Analysis has had in trying to transfer GIS to public
 organizations.  The author argues that the biggest reason for this difficulty
 is bureaucratic in nature.  The author, being from the National Center for
 Geographic Information and Analysis obviously believes that GIS should be
 accepted within the area of public administration.    (WD)

Olthof, W. 1989. "A Geographical Information System: A Magic Box for Planners?"
 Review of Rural and Urban Planning in Southern and Eastern Africa 1, 1: 63-77.

	This article presents a general review of what a GIS is, what it can do (seven
 specific functions are listed: data storage; mapping; buffering; overlaying;
 spatial statistics; simulation of spatial processes; and three dimensional
 viewing), and what some of the problems and drawbacks associated with the use
 of a GIS are (data quality problems; technical failures; organizational and
 personnel requirements; and cost).  Several generalized examples are given
 without naming the specific planning agencies involved.  The most interesting
 comments concern the importance of RorgSware (i.e. the organizational
 requirements of maintaining a GIS system within an agency) and the experimental
 use of GIS in Africa.  The article is of a RdiscoveryS nature in that no
 documented cases are discussed and no specifically Africa-related problems are
 explored.  (BJF)

Openshaw, S. 1988. RAn evaluation of the BBC domesday interactive videodisc as a
 GIS for planners.S Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design. 15, 3:
 p325-338.

Openshaw, S. and Coombes, M. G.  "A New, Policy-related Measure of Population
 Dispersal and Sparsity, Using GIS."  Planning Outlook.  vol.34,  1991, Issue
 No.1:  page 50-54.

	Policy indicators applied at a national level can have considerable financial
 impact for resource allocations to individual counties, especially if there are
 extreme local factors.  This article develops and explores a new measure of
 population dispersal and sparsity and discusses the impact of this indicator in
 a variety of locations by using GIS techniques.  I classify it to be in the
 Exploratory stage.  (HK)

Raber,B. (1991) "Protecting Your Budget: Assessing Documents for Map Conversion
 Projects." Geo-Info Systems Volume 1 No. 5: 46-51

Reinelt, Lorin, Velikaiya, Joan and Bell, Earl.  1991.  "Development and
 application as a geographic information system for a wetland/watershed
 analysis."  Computers, Environment and Urban Systems  15, 4:  235-242.

Reisdorf, Charles C. "Cooperation, Key to Regional Success." Michigan Planner,
 Volume 11 (4), pages 8 - 11. Spring 1991.

	In this article, GIS is an element (among many others) for achieving
 coordination between regional planning agencies in Michigan. GIS is not
 emphasized, just mentioned as an ACCEPTED technique to use in the planning
 practice. A photo of a GIS operating computer is included in the article. Too
 short to be really interesting. (LD)

Salgado, R.( 1991) "Hillsborough County Readies Its Maps for AM/FM."  Geo-Info
 Systems. Volume 1 No.2: 42-43

Santos, M. Patricia and Lockman, Jon. Geographic Information Systems: Overviews
 and Applications. Carolina Planning, volume 14, pages 7 - 9. 1988.

	GIS and its possible applications are being explained in a very simple and
 accessible way to planners. GIS is called a Rrelatively recent technological
 innovation available to planning officesS. GIS is nearly showed as a DISCOVERY
 kind of technique. The applications presented here in a comprehensive and
 exhaustive manner are very useful. Article can be kept as a reference for broad
 introduction to GIS in planning. (LD)

Scholten, HJ and Padding P. 1990. RWorking with GIS in a Policy environmentS.
 Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design. 17, 4: p 405-416.
	The authors begin by outlining what they see as the two major problems of GIS.
 These problems are: 1) that it is not sophisticated enough for planners with
 technical expertise; and 2) that it is too sophisticated for those who do not
 have technical expertise.  They then describe how in Holland they have
 attempted to overcome these problems by creating RIA (Regional Information
 through Automation), an information system which integrates GIS, in a user
 friendly way, with other software packages which are useful for planners.  The
 article encourages efforts to make GIS more appropriate for the needs of
 planners, and I would classify it as exploratory because it seeks to find new
 ways for planners to use GIS. (At this point in the article I woke up from a
 slumber and decided that)  I am not sure how something like RIA would be useful
 to me as a planner. (JBS)

Selman P., Davidson  D., Watson A., Winterbottom S.  1991. "GIS in Rural
 Environmental Planning."  Town Planning Review. Vol. 62 , issue 2: page
 215-223.

	This article emphasized on the use of GIS in four case studies of proposed
 local rural developments: skiing, electricity supply, afforestation and coal
 extraction in England. Despite the use of a powerful and flexible GIS
 technology, its application to local rural areas is exploratory, and to
 introduce the planners in the issue. The article is interesting in order to
 know that GIS could be useful for rural  and environmental development at local
 level. The main problem is the difficult to have data bases, principally in
 developing countries. (JD).

Selman, Paul & Donald Davidson & Sandra Winterbottom.  1991.  "Taking GIS to the
 Country."  Town & Country Planning.  Sept. 1991.  249-250.

	This article reviews the highlights of a longer study.  The authors present
 four case studies which address typical planning decisions and the feasibility
 and productivity of solving them with GIS.  The authors propose and use a set
 of criteria for evaluating GIS usage in proposed projects.  As with most
 GIS/planning researchers, they cite the need for greater coordination between
 GIS users in the planning field.  The "spot-check" approach to the project
 makes it exploratory in nature.  (SEL)

Shepherd, John.  1990.  "Advances and applications in geographic information
 systems in the United Kingdom:  The contribution of the South East Regional
 Research Laboratory."  Computers, Environment and Urban Systems.  14, 3:
 223-242.

Smith,E. (1991) "A Public School System Automates Pupil-Generation Studies."
 Geo-Info Systems Volume 1 No. 5: 20-21

Solano, E. (1992)  "Los Angeles County Begins Long-Term Conversion of AssessorUs
 Property Records."  Geo-Info Systems. Volume 2 No. 1: 43-46

Sykes, Meredith.  1975.  Canadian Inventory of Historic Building.  Ottawa: Parks
 Canada.

	Parks Canada, the Canadian equivalent to the National Park Service, led the
 field of preservation in the use of computers for resource survey efforts.
 This project is currently the national system of recording historic resources.
 However, it appears to be more of an Automated Mapping and Facilities
 Management (AMFM) system than a true GIS.  The importance of this case study
 lies in its innovativeness.  The Canadian system has been much studied by
 American survey designers and GIS developers.  (SEL).

Tappan, G. Gray, Moore, Donald G., and Knausenberger, Walter I.  1991.
 "Monitoring Grasshopper and Locust Habitats in Sahelian Africa Using GIS and
 Remote Sensing Technology."  International Journal of Geographic Information
 Systems Vol. 5, No. 1: 123-135.

	Using satellite images and GIS, the US Geological Survey prepared vegetation
 index ("greenness") image maps to aid in identifying grasshopper and locust
 breeding areas and thus facilitate control measures.  Used in 10 Sahelian West
 African countries, the maps contribute significantly to preventing grasshopper
 and locust plagues.  This article describes an accepted use of GIS, detailing
 the methodology used in producing a GIS-generated product, the utilization of
 that product in the field, and a strategy for improving its production and use
 in the future. (BJF)

Taylor, Michael A. P. 1991.  Traffic planning by a "Desktop Expert".  Computers,
 Environment and Urban Systems.  15, 3:  165-177.
	This article discusses the role that GIS could play in transportation planning.
  It describes a number of different packages and suggests possible uses.  The
 author implies that GIS will be an essential part of transportation planning,
 but recognizes that its use needs to be more widespread.  (WD)

Thomas James Douglas.(1991) "Southern California Consortium Develops a GIS Data
 Base." Geo-Info Systems. Volume 1 No. 1: 41-45

Thrall,G. and Elshaw-Thrall,S. (1991) Reducing Investor Risk:A GIS Design for
 Real Estate Analysis. Geo-Info Systems. Volume 1 No. 10 : 40-46

U.S. National Park Service.  1991.  "Integrated Preservation Software."
 Interagency Resources Division, Information Management Unit.

	The Park Service presents two types of computerized data management and
 manipulation projects.  One is purely database oriented, for recording the
 surveys of historic properties, sites, landscapes, etc.  This will soon be
 available for public purchase.  The second system is a mainframe GIS used for
 policy and planning issues surrounding the nation's historic battlefields.  It
 is purely an in-house system.  Both are Exploratory in nature, and represent
 the first attempts at a national GIS for preservation in the U.S.  (SEL)

Vrana, R. (1989) "Historical Data as an Explicit Component of Land Information
 Systems." International Journal of Geographical Information Systems. Volume 3
 No.1: 33-49

	This article offers an excellent theoretical argument for greater development
 of the the third basic component of mapped thematic data: time.  The author
 poses three case scenarios, and illustrates why the time factor has been
 overlooked, and why that creates invalid and stagnant data systems.  The cases
 include resource management (of forests), land ownership (chain of title) and
 land-use planning.  The author poses the challenges of designing a GIS with a
 time component, and offers some direction for solving the problem.  The article
 assumes the acceptance of GIS in these fields, but is still Exploratory in
 attempting to push the accepted limits of the tool.  This article is especially
 encouraging for my interests in Historic Preservation Planning.  When it
 becomes a reality that GIS permeates the planning field, the inclusion of the
 "time" component would explicitly include the historical elements of the city
 and region. (SEL)

Wegener, Michael. and Junius, Hartwig.  1991.  "'Universal' GIS versus national
 land information traditions:  Internationalization of software or endogenous
 developments?"  Computers, Environment and Urban Systems.  15, 4:  219-228.

	 This article discusses some of the discrepancies in the use of GIS within the
 European Community.  In particular, Great Britain and the Netherlands have well
 established systems, while most other countries are not as sophisticated.  The
 article goes on to discuss whether a universal system would work.  Generally
 speaking, the article is exploratory in that it is discussing whether different
 systems would work within such a framework.  (WD)

Whitcomb, K. (1990) "Crystal River Uses GIS to Untangle Utilities Records."
 Geo-Info Systems Volume 1 No. 0: 44-49

	The Regional Wastewater Treatment Facility of Crystal River, Florida
 implemented the use of a PC based GIS software package called MapInfo to deal
 with the operations of the cityUs wastewater treatment and discharge systems.
 GIS has helped to correct and up date the old maps of the city, to elaborate a
 master utility plan, to facilitate the maintenance and monitoring the operation
 and deterioration of the equipments, to decrease the likelihood of accidents as
 well as  service disruption. This process is already in operation and the users
 have confident in it. (MGC)

Wiggins, Lyna L. and French, Steven P.  "Desktop Mapping and GIS."  Journal of
 the American Planning Association 56, 3: 370-373.

	Reviews MapMaker Version 4.0 for the Macintosh (software for elaborating maps
 with other people's data files) Atlas*GIS (a "mid-range desktop GIS package"),
 and the text book Desktop Mapping and Strategic Decision-Making by Roberto
 Laserna, John Landis and Strategic Mapping, Inc., (1989).(tk)

Wiggins, Lyna L. and Shiffer, Michael J.  1990. "Planning with Hypermedia:
 Combining Text, Graphics, Sound and Video."  Journal of the American Planning
 Association  56, 3: 2370-373.

	Reviews three "hypermedia" software packages and their potential use in
 planning practice.  Hypermedia is a technology for combining multiple media
 (sound, text, graphics, video, etc.) for analysis and communication.  While not
 addressing GIS directly, the potential for GIS (and GIS training) integration
 in a hypermedia environment is mentioned.  The authors predict an "explosion"
 of hypermedia type applications, with potentially tremendous benefits for
 planners and planning practice.  Fasten seatbelts please! (tk)

Williams, T. and Rosengren, K. (1991) "DenverUs Equitable Approach to Storm
 Sewer Assessment." Geo-Info Systems Volume 1 No. 2: 20-21

Worral, L. 1990. RInformation systems for urban and regional planning in the UK:
 a reviewS. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design. 17, 4: p 451-462.

Yaakup, AB et al. 1990. RThe application of GIS for Urban land use planning and
 monitoring... R. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design  17, 4: p
 385-394.

Yapa, LS. 1988. RComputer-aided regional planningS. Environment and planning B:
 Planning and Design  15, 3: p 285-304.

Yeh, AGO and Batty, M. 1990. RApplications of GIS in Urban and Regional
 planningS. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design.  17, 4: p369-374.

	This article is an introduction to an issue which is all about applications of
 GIS in planning practice, and it briefly summarizes some of these applications.
  The article also points out that GIS is an important tool for planners to use
 in interpreting and displaying data.  According to the authors, present GIS
 technology is inadequate for planners because it has not been systematically
 integrated with existing analytical techniques and modelling software.  I would
 classify this article as exploratory, because it points out that for GIS to be
 of greater value to planners it is important to develop ways of interfacing it
 with other software packages and planning models.  I found the article to be
 interesting in that it attempts to demonstrate that planners need to use GIS in
 ways that are different from other fields because the types of data and
 problems they face are different.  (JBS)

Yeh, AGO. 1990. RA land information system for programming and monitoring of new
 town developmentS. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design  17, 4:
 p375-384.

Young, W.1988. RMicrocomputer-aided transport planningS. Environment and
 Planning B: planning and design. 15, 3: p 269-283. (LD)

Yue,L.; Zhang,L; Xiaogang, C. and Yingming, Z. (1991) "The Establishment and
 Application of the Geographic Mapping Database by City/Country Unit in China"
 International Journal of Geographical Information Systems. Volume 3 No. 1:
 73-84
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