HDTenEightyP/NetNews huggingface dataset:
From: kevin@clsi.COM (Kevin Cameron)
Subject: Re: "1-bit DAC"
Originator: kevin@dubhe
Reply-To: kevin@clsi.com
Organization: CAD Language Systems Inc.
Date: Thu, 7 Jan 93 23:51:44 GMT


In article <C0F8Hp.84n@ve7frg.ampr.org>, doug@ve7frg.ampr.org (Doug Collinge - VE7GNU) writes:
> If my CD with a "1 bit DAC" and the aid of "8 times oversampling"
> can produce audio as good as an older CD with no "oversampling" and
> a 16-bit DAC then can my circuit with an 8-bit DAC be replaced
> with a 1-bit DAC and 4-times oversampling?
> 
> How?  What's the math behind this concept anyway?

As far as I know the basic principal in over-sampling is to convert the digital
values into a PWM (Pulse Width Modulated) signal.

For 4-times oversampling you take 2 bits of data and generate a signal inside
the sample period to give the same average value as direct conversion e.g.:

0V ->  00(base 2) -> 0V 0V 0V 0V  =  0/4 = 0V
1      01         -> 0  0  0  4   =  4/4 = 1
2      10         -> 0  0  4  4   =  8/4 = 2
3      11         -> 0  4  4  4   = 12/4 = 3 
                     ^^^^^^^^^^
                     four samples of equal length

To get the 16bit value "0000 0000 0000 0010" from a 14bit DAC, you do two samples
at "0000 0000 0000 00" and two at "0000 0000 0000 01" at four times the 16bit
data rate. However as there is only one transition required it is not completely
necessary that the 14bit DAC is four times faster (but something has to work out
the transition time at that bandwidth).

I'm not sure what scheme the "1 bit DAC" actually uses, but the implication is
that you would need 256 times over-sampling for 8bits. 

Kev.
-- 
Kevin Cameron         CLSI,Suite 100,5457 Twin Knolls Rd.,Columbia MD 21045,USA
kevin@clsi.com        Tel: (USA) (410) 992 5700 (- 5709) X224
uunet!clsi.com!kevin  Fax:       (410) 992 3536
------------------------------------------------------------ Reality Is virtual
Newsgroups: sci.electronics
From: michthom@bnr.ca (Michael Thomson)
Subject: Re: Ancient Scope Info Required
Organization: BNR Europe Ltd, Maidenhead, UK
X-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.1 PL8]
Date: Wed, 6 Jan 1993 09:50:13 GMT

wellison@kuhub.cc.ukans.edu wrote:
: I'll see if I can dig up some copies for you. 
: -=-= Wes =-=-

Wes, my gratitude is IMMENSE! I've had several helpful responses, but to be
honest, I didn't think I'd get the actual manuals! I don't mind paying for the
copying and shipping, though I would prefer you sent them surface mail if
there is a lot of stuff. Please drop me a snail mail (air mail) letter at the
address below with _your_ address, the rough cost, and your preferred method
of payment. I'll send that to you and you can ship the stuff on the next
banana boat / small yacht heading my way. 

Michael Thomson
10, Badminton Road,
Maidenhead,
Berkshire,
England.
SL6 4QT.

--
*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*
+    Michael Thomson   + The opinions expressed here, while definitely NOT  +
+    BNR Europe Ltd.   + those of my employer, may OR MAY NOT be mine!      +
+ Phone +44 628 794416 + --------------------------==========-------------- +
+   Fax +44 628 776017 +        This space intentionally left blank         +
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Newsgroups: sci.electronics,alt.cd-rom
From: henry@zoo.toronto.edu (Henry Spencer)
Subject: Re: chip vendor databooks/sheets/applic notes
Date: Wed, 6 Jan 1993 23:41:52 GMT
Organization: U of Toronto Zoology

In article <1993Jan6.085729.20856@mr.med.ge.com> szopinsk@picard.med.ge.com (Jerry Szopinski Mfg 4-6983) writes:
>I do know that MAXIM and Motorola have their semiconductor catalogs on 5.25"
>floppy disks and they are usually free for the asking...

I think if you look, you'll find that those disks are the equivalent of a
"master selection guide", *not* a databook.  They have the basic numbers,
but no graphs, no diagrams, no details.
-- 
"God willing... we shall return."       | Henry Spencer @ U of Toronto Zoology
       -Gene Cernan, the Moon, Dec 1972 |  henry@zoo.toronto.edu  utzoo!henry
From: keithl@klic.rain.com (Keith Lofstrom)
Newsgroups: sci.electronics
Subject: Re: Power Inverter Problems (12VDC to 117VAC switcher)
Date: 12 Jan 93 05:29:28 GMT
Article-I.D.: klic.1993Jan12.052928.25767
Organization: Keith Lofstrom Integrated Circuits

In article <C0pFDq.I1n@watcgl.uwaterloo.ca> awpaeth@watpix.uwaterloo.ca (Alan Wm Paeth) writes:
>My brother received a "PowerStat" 12VDC - > 117VAC inverter over the holidays.
>It has been a real disappointment. The ad claimed it was good for 140W normal
>and 200W peak power. It barely manages 100W into a resistive load (lamp), and
>it simply cannot drive even the smallest drill (its intended use). My EE degree
>and scope can't help (I live half a continent away) hence this net posting.
>
>To anyone with experience or familiarity with this/such beasts:
>
>  (1) How can he test it a/o improve its output?
>  (2) How can he better cope with power factor/inductive loads?

(I'm fixing a UPS right now, and I've got my power electronics program
swapped into brain RAM.  Ever seen tantalum capacitors shoot red hot
flaming chunks two inches past your nose?  But I digress... )

Many power inverters are square wave output, and designed to drive loads
like computers that have diode bridges followed by capacitors.  Square
waves of uncertain frequency are peachy keen for this application.
Note that a square wave that is 170V peak is going to produce twice as
much RMS power than a sine wave that is 170V peak; hence the loading
problem with a light bulb.  You will probably get 200 watts out of a
100 watt bulb - for a while.

An induction motor such as that on your drill is going to want to see a sine
wave, which requires a more sophisticated power inverter, or something in
series to condition the signal, like a very big LC filter (I don't think 
they normally get that big).  I can think of some other things I would try
with a bench full of test equipment, but that won't help here.

You may want to hunt up a motor-generator set.  These take DC in one side
and produce AC out the other.  Mechanical, robust, very heavy.  Maybe cheap
if you can find one surplus.  Find a radio amateur on rec.ham-radio with
an M-G set and see if you can swap.

Good luck,
Keith


-- 
Keith Lofstrom         keithl@klic.rain.com       Voice (503)-520-1993
KLIC --- Keith Lofstrom Integrated Circuits --- "Your Ideas in Silicon"
Design Contracting in Bipolar and CMOS - Analog, Digital, and Power ICs
Xref: sparky sci.electronics:22385 rec.audio.pro:2729
From: jhenders@jonh.wimsey.bc.ca (John Henders)
Newsgroups: sci.electronics,rec.audio.pro
Distribution: usa
Organization:  One of these days for sure
X-News: HERMES MMAIL 1.10 Rev. Dec 15 1992
Subject: Re: Question: What to lubricate plastic pots with?
Date: Sun, 10 Jan 1993 19:49:52 -0800
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

In <1993Jan9.202122.16992@n1gva> randy@n1gva (Randy - KA1UNW) writes:

>tome@cs.umr.edu (Tom Erb) writes:
>: 
>: I maintain a small FM radio station, and we have many conductive plastic 
>: potentiometers in our mixing boards. These things are fairly expensive.
>: They get noisy after a while, but if I take them apart and clean/lubricate
>: them, they never feel nearly as smooth as they did before.

> I'd say to not clean the bearing surfaces....just the wiper/resistive element.

> I'd like to know what that grease is / where to get it.

	As no one's mentioned it yet, a lot of people use Cramolin. It has a
lubricant as well as a cleaner. You should still take the pots apart and
clean them every so often, though, as Cramolin is reported by some
studio enginers to crystalize after a while, which isn't very nice. 


-- 

 "If Rush fans were braindead, why are there so   Bruce Bufalini
 many people posting to alt.music.rush?"              PSU
From: dlatimer@iris4.chem.arizona.edu (Darin Latimer)
Newsgroups: sci.electronics
Subject: Re: Printed Circuit generating Software?
Date: 4 Jan 93 17:39:51 GMT
Organization: Chemistry Dept. Univ. of Arizona

In article <00966196.5B59D140@Msu.oscs.montana.edu>, uchrgrh@Msu.oscs.montana.edu writes:
|> In article <bhertz.3285@terapin.com>, bhertz@terapin.com (Ben Hertz) writes:
|> >        Hi everyone.  I'm a high school student who's interested in
|> >electronics.  I enjoy building little circuits and reading all the stuff in
|> >this conference that I know absolutely nothing about.  
|> >        After seeing some new "iron-on" sheets for making P.C. boards
|> >advertised in several catalogs I began considering generating my own boards. 
|> >What I'm looking for is a Shareware, or relatively cheap program that will
|> >generate patterns for me.  There is a review of such a program in the May
|> >edition of Computer Craft, but after reading it over I'm not so sure if it does
|> >what I originally thought it did.  I am hoping for a program which I tell what
|> >I need connected to what other things, and it spits out a pattern. Maybe that's
|> >too much too ask, I don't know.
|> >        Anyway, if someone out there knows of a shareware program that creates
|> >Printed Circuit patterns, or where I could get one, I'd like to hear from them.
|> > Thanks.
|> >
|> >P.S.  Anyone know how many people are connected to this conference?
|> >
|> >                         Ben Hertz (bhertz.terapin.com)
|> >                         Richmond, California
|> Ben,
|> I just recently read something on this network concerning PCB software and 
|> called the company, Protel technology, with great success.
|> Their number is 1-800-544-4186.  Just tell the person on the other end
|> who you are and tell them you are interested in Easytrax.  It is shareware
|> and really does quite a lot.  I am not well versed in it but I am pretty sure
|> it will at least get you started.  I would send you a copy of what they sent
|> me but if you call them you will get all of the information on their other
|> software also. 
|> 
|> good luck
|> 
|> Richard 

I too have tried the Easytrax --- I much prefer PADS-PCB.  The Easytrax is 
quite simple to use but the router uses a TON of vias which is painful if you 
are building your own boards.  Additionally, the PADS-SCHEMATIC is a great 
tool for building schematics; the output is easily imported to the PADS-PCB.
If you have $300 to spare then you can buy the newer version from Protel (which
is supposed to be nmuch better).  My $0.02, Darin.
Xref: sparky sci.electronics:22056 rec.music.makers.guitar:1147
From: ah335@cleveland.Freenet.Edu (Richard Banks)
Newsgroups: sci.electronics,rec.music.makers.guitar
Subject: Audio preamp circuits
Date: 6 Jan 1993 03:49:24 GMT
Organization: Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (USA)
Reply-To: ah335@cleveland.Freenet.Edu (Richard Banks)
NNTP-Posting-Host: slc4.ins.cwru.edu


I design and build low power audio preamp circuits mainly
analog signal processors for use with a guitar.

Any suggestions, help, tips, ideas, theories, or practical advice,
on how to cut out noise will be very much appreciated.

Thanks.
From: kludge@grissom.larc.nasa.gov (Scott Dorsey)
Newsgroups: sci.electronics
Subject: Re: HDTV Question
Date: 11 Jan 1993 14:12:10 GMT
Organization: NASA Langley Research Center and Reptile Farm
NNTP-Posting-Host: grissom.larc.nasa.gov

In article <73341@cup.portal.com> Ted_Eugene_Viens@cup.portal.com writes:
>I find it hard to believe that the above paragraph applies to the
>future of HDTV.  I do not believe "they" would approve of a system that could
>randomly change the bandwith or the resolution.  My question was more
>of "Have they decided yet, and if so, what did they decide?"

Well, to answer your question, no they haven't decided yet.  But, to discuss
your statement, it would be very nice to have a system that could work with
varying bandwidths and resolutions.  It would mean that the same standard
could be used for broadcast television as would be used for a wider bandwidth
cable system.  It could mean that black and white programs could be shown
with sqrt(3) times the resolution of color programs, without using any
additional bandwidth, just by reallocating color information into resolution.
And, existing NTSC programs could be broadcast over the HDTV network without
using up the full channel bandwidth, since it wouldn't be needed.  
--scott
Newsgroups: sci.electronics
From: elmquist@pez.ssesco.com (Chris Elmquist)
Subject: Re: Vector wire pencils
Organization: SSESCO
Date: Mon, 4 Jan 1993 23:14:52 GMT

In article <1993Jan3.004714.27542@softwords.bc.ca> jmacphai@cue.bc.ca (James MacPhail) writes:
>
>You guys are aware of ScotchFlex, right? If not, check it out. It is made
>by 3M (and thus tends to be considered over-priced by some).
>
[edit]
>
>I don't know why 3M doesn't market this better. I used to consider it
>a "trade-secret" but if more people used it, the price might come down
>and 3M might expand the line. (Currently there is no support for PGA
>parts etc. just DIPs)
>
ScotchFlex is wonderful stuff...  but the average guy can't get it. I have
yet to find a distributor that will sell it in smaller, experimenter
quantities...

How about this:  Everyone interested write a letter to DigiKey and ask
them to carry it.  They carry plenty of other 3M products... shoot, they're
both Minnesota companies...

I don't work for 3M or DigiKey... but I do live in Minnesota.

Thank you for your support.


--
Chris Elmquist, N0JCF
elmquist@SSESCO.com
73267.2711@Compuserve.com
(612)342-0003@work (8am-5pm CST6CDT)
Newsgroups: sci.electronics
From: maceacla@newton.ccs.tuns.ca (Leonard Alexander Maceachern)
Subject: Re: RS 232 & RS-422 voltage specs wanted
Date: Thu, 7 Jan 1993 16:04:10 GMT
Organization: Technical University of Nova Scotia, Halifax, N.S.

Where can one access specifications for the RS232 standard?

Thanks.
From: myers@hpfcso.FC.HP.COM (Bob Myers)
Date: Mon, 4 Jan 1993 19:41:11 GMT
Subject: Re: TV shadow
Organization: Hewlett-Packard, Fort Collins, CO, USA
Newsgroups: sci.electronics

> Can someone tell me what causes a shadow or double image on a TV?
> 
> My config:
>                        Splitter(3.8db loss)
>                |\      
>  ANT >---------| >-----+-----> TV
>                |/      |_____> Stereo
> 
>              30dB WB(50M-1G) LNA
> 
> I inserted an amp just after the antenna just so I could see channel
> 68(FOX,~795M) better. The VHF signals were all about 10 mv, UHF
> 75-100uv.  The UHF jumped to about 200mv w/the amp, VHF 1-5mv.
> 

Shadows are caused by reflections; usually, reflections on the line ("lead-in")
due to an imedance mismatch. (They can also be caused by reflections of the
signal from, say, nearby buildings or even mountains, in which case you can
sometimes clear 'em up by re-aiming the antenna.)  

My guess is that something's wrong, impedance-wise, somewhere between the 
antenna and the amp.  Look for a kink in the line, broken wires, etc..  (It's
more likely to be here as this is - I assume - the longest run of line, and
hence the reflections have the farthest to travel, making for more distinct
"ghosts."  However, it *could* be after the amp, esp. if you've got a lengthy
run of cable between the amp and the TV or stereo.


Bob Myers  KC0EW   Hewlett-Packard Co.      |Opinions expressed here are not
                   User Interface Tech. Div.|those of my employer or any other
myers@fc.hp.com    Fort Collins, Colorado   |sentient life-form on this planet.
Newsgroups: sci.electronics
From: Mike Diack <mike-d@staff.tc.umn.edu>
Subject: Re: 74HC4046 help required.
X-Xxmessage-Id: <A770BD213003652C@dialup-slip-1-44.gw.umn.edu>
X-Xxdate: Wed, 6 Jan 93 16:45:21 GMT
Organization: persian cat & carpet co.
X-Useragent: Nuntius v1.1.1d7
Date: Wed, 6 Jan 1993 03:37:42 GMT

In article <7116@m1.cs.man.ac.uk> Mark Robinson,
mark-r@spec0.ee.man.ac.uk writes:
>If anyone has a datasheet for the 74HC4046 PLL chip handy would
>you let me know how the frequency of the VCO is related to the
>values of R's and C and the max/min values that they can take.
>
>I want to run it with a lock range of about 1MHz, centred on
>8MHz, but the equations in the Maplin catalogue don't allow
>frequencies >2.8MHz (R=5k, C=50pF; ie the minimum allowed) even
>though they claim the VCO can get up to 15MHz. I think their
>data must be for the 4046 and none of our databooks are modern
>enough to include the 'HC4046 :-(

Something you should be aware of is that all HC4046's are NOT 
created equal. Two extremes I have found are
1 : An SGS device that was barely able to oscillate at  1 MHz
(and the output waveform was triangular at that frequency)
and -
2 : An RCA device that was still producing respectable square
waves at 10 Mhz
(Both devices running into a scope probe only , 5 volt supply)

At the frequency you want (8 Mhz) the design nomographs
become a bit irrelevant, as internal Cs & Rs dominate the issue.

I was driven to using LS124/324s, but i only wanted the vco
function, no doubt someone makes a better PLL.
cheers,
	Mike.
Newsgroups: sci.electronics
From: "lester hiraki" <lester.hiraki@canrem.com>
Subject: the electric car
Reply-To: "lester hiraki" <lester.hiraki@canrem.com>
Organization: Canada Remote Systems
Distribution: sci
Date: 4 Jan 93 19:18:14 EST

to:  ee905jc@brunel.ac.uk

TJ>  Newsgroup: sci.electronics
TJ> Message-ID: <Byw633.Jn@brunel.ac.uk>
TJ>    Subject: The Electric Car

TJ>Can anyone point me in the direction of any good introductions to the
TJ>concepts/problems/etc with electric cars?

TJ>Thanks

TJ>Tim Chappell
TJ>ee90tjc@brunel.ac.uk

Look for the November 1992 issue of IEEE Spectrum Magazine.
This issue is almost devoted to electric cars.
---
  DeLuxe 1.21 #786  
--
Canada Remote Systems  - Toronto, Ontario
World's Largest PCBOARD System - 416-629-7000/629-7044
From: dino@inqmind.bison.mb.ca (Tony stewart)
Newsgroups: sci.electronics
Subject: Re: RF noise generator circuit wanted
Date: Wed, 06 Jan 93 07:49:55 CST
Organization: The Inquiring Mind BBS  1 204 488-1607

davec@ECE.Concordia.CA (Dave Chu) writes:

> 
> I'm looking for a simple circuit that will generate RF noise from
> 25-75Mhz.  I was thinking of using a series of 2N222's as class C amps,
> and tune each of the amp at 10 or 15Mhz apart to cover the 25-75Mhz
> range.  I am palnning to use this circuit to jam RC or any types of
> remote controlled cars.  The noise level should be large enough to 
> interfere with the operations of the remote controlled car at a distance of
> 2-3 meters relative to the noise maker.  I would greatly appreciated if 
> anyone have any other ideas or circuits to generate RF noise.
> 
> Dave
>                                           |\ |     | |                       
> ___________________________/\  /\  /\_____| \|_____| |_____    ___  ___  ___
>   Dave Kai-Chui Chu          \/  \/       | /|     | |        |    |    |
>   Dept. of Elec. & Comp. Eng.             |/ |     | |        |--  |    |--
>   Concordia University               Voice:(514)848-3115      |___ |___ |___
>   1455 de Maisonneuve W. H915        Fax:  (514)848-2802
>   Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1M8   Email:davec@ece.concordia.ca
> ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Since RC's use narrow BW, you would need a much high power level jammer 
to interfere with broadband noise. 

The simplest RF noise is repetitive impluse noise (arcing) or swept 
pulses using am FM sweeep from 30 to 75MHz at a 1 Khz rate. 

dino@inqmind.bison.mb.ca
The Inquiring Mind BBS, Winnipeg, Manitoba  204 488-1607
From: dag@col.hp.com (David Geiser)
Newsgroups: sci.electronics
Subject: Re: Flywheel Batteries
Date: 4 Jan 1993 22:50:52 GMT
Organization: HP Colorado Springs Division
NNTP-Posting-Host: hplsdor.col.hp.com

Wouldn't work in Colorado...it's uphill in both directions.
-- 
To know recursion, you must first know recursion.
--

Newsgroups: sci.electronics
From: lsg001@cck.coventry.ac.uk (Graham Wilson)
Subject: monitor output
Organization: Legal Department - Coventry University
Date: Mon, 11 Jan 1993 19:55:45 GMT


I wonder if anyone can help ? I want to record the video signal output
from a PC onto conventional VHS tape. I gather that most computers are
set up only to produce output suitable for use with a proper computer
monitor. Apparently the signal needs to be altered in order turn it into 
a conventional television style signal.

Is there an easy way to do this ? In other words take a conventional 
video signal from the computer and turn it into a PAL compatible signal ?

Alternatively, where would I already find someone with a PC fitted with
a suitable output ?

Thanks.



-- 
         *********************************************************
         *      Graham Wilson      *  lsg001@cck.coventry.ac.uk  *
         *     LL.B.  Law  III     *     Coventry  University    *
         *********************************************************
Newsgroups: sci.electronics
From: ornitz@kodak.kodak.com (Barry x24904/ER/167B-TED)
Subject: Re: Microwave Oven Plasma Etcher? (results)
Followup-To: sci.electronics
Organization: Eastman Chemical Company
Distribution: net
Date: Sat, 9 Jan 93 00:09:30 GMT

In article <15387.2b4d8179@ohstpy.mps.ohio-state.edu> 
edharris@ohstpy.mps.ohio-state.edu writes:
> I put in a beaker of water and tried adjusting the amount of power by
>varying the amount of water.
>
>Unfortunately though, if you put in too much water, it seems to kill the
>plasma. If you back off a bit on the amount of water, then the plasma/gas combo
>is still too hot. It behaves in an either/or manner: either too much power, or
>no plasma! Maybe there is a way to overcome this problem.
>
>Since I had nothing to loose, I tried John's suggestion of lowering the value
>of the capacitor in series with the magnetron. So far, this works, but I'm not
>sure if the magnetron is being damaged in some way. 

You probably have not read my last reply to John.  Changing the capacitor
WILL likely damage the magnetron.  But since this is a form of vacuum tube,
it tends to fail more gracefully than solid-state devices.  I would mainly
expect you to get very much shorter life from the magnetron, perhaps tens of
hours rather than hundreds or thousands.  But this is just a guess.

Remember that the plasmas also have negative resistance properties.  A home
microwave oven is a multimode cavity.  Most commercial systems use single-mode
resonant cavities when they want precise control.  That little fan-blade like
thing in your oven (which may be hidden under a plastic cover) is not a fan
but a "stirrer" to deflect the microwaves from the waveguide and cause them
to sweep the oven cavity in an attempt to get uniform heating of food.  I would
guess that the problems you are seeing are due to times when your plasma is in
the full field of the oven.  You might need to distribute smaller containers
of water throughout the oven to make things more uniform.  A possibility is
to wrap the plasma chamber with Teflon tubing in which you have flowing water.

Use a small diameter tubing; certainly no larger than 1/4 " OD.  If you know
how to make "waveguide beyond cutoff" openings into the cavity, you can go as
large as 1/2" OD thick-wall tubing.  Remember that the water has a high
dielectric constant and thus the water filled waveguide has a much lower cutoff
frequency than does air filled guide.  If you do not understand what I am
talking about here, email me.  It is easy to hurt yourself by microwave leakage
from the oven if you go drilling holes in the oven to run the tubing and do
things wrong.  Safety first!
					Barry
 -----------------
|  ___  ________  |    Dr. Barry L. Ornitz          WA4VZQ
| |  / /        | |    Eastman Chemical Company
| | / /         | |    ECC Research Laboratories, Engineering Research Div.
| |< < K O D A K| |    Process Instrumentation Research Laboratory
| | \ \         | |    P. O. Box 1972, Building 167B
| |__\ \________| |    Kingsport, TN  37662  (615/229-4904, FAX 615/229-4558)
|                 |    INTERNET:   ornitz@kodak.com
 -----------------
Newsgroups: sci.electronics,sci.energy,rec.autos