Newsgroups: bit.listserv.erl-l
Date:         Sat, 12 Sep 1992 00:08:00 CDT
From:         P30JWP1@NIU.BITNET
Subject:      OERI: Black colleges and universities (232 lines)

The following is provided by The Office of Educational Research
and Improvement, U.S. Department of Education.  Please feel
welcome to distribute.

                 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
        OFFICE OF EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH AND IMPROVEMENT
          NATIONAL CENTER FOR EDUCATIONAL STATISTICS

     HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES, 1976-90

This report is a statistical overview of the development of
historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs) over the
past 15 years.  Historically black colleges and universities are
institutions established prior to 1964, whose principal mission
this report reviews the historical context of black colleges.
This section is followed by the analysis of recent statistical
trends.  The goal of this report is to present data that provide
current information about the role of HBCUs in the American
higher education system.

This report includes summary enrollment, degree, staff, and
finance tabulations on all HBCUs in addition to institutional-
level tabulations for each HBCU.  The summary tables are
constructed to provide context to the development of HBCUs by
comparing their experience to that of higher education
institutions in general.

The racial/ethnic data enable a detailed examination of the HBCU
role in the education of black students as well as their
expanding mission of providing education to students from diverse
racial/ethnic backgrounds.  The institutional and state-level
statistics are designed to assist HBCUs in comparing their own
experience to that of other HBCUs in the country and in their
state.  A trend table on enrollment at the institutional level
examines some important developments at specific black colleges
and universities.

This publication may be viewed as a continuation of the former
series of reports on traditionally black institutions.
However, the scope of institutions included in the
historically black institutions and universities designation
is slightly different than the list used for the traditionally
black institutions reports.

Past reports on traditionally black colleges proved to be of
interest and value to education researchers and
administrators, government officials, the media, the business
community, and the general public.  We have expanded the
amount of data included in this report to make it a useful
source book.

Comments and suggestions to improve future editions are welcomed.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs) are
institutions established prior to 1964, whose principal
mission was, and is, the education of black Americans.  This
statistical overview covers the development of HBCUs over the
past 15 years.

How many students attend HBCUs?

In 1990, about 258,000 students attended the 105 HBCUs.
Overall, enrollment at HBCUs rose by 16 percent between 1976
and 1990, but virtually all of the increase occurred between
1986 and 1990.  The 1976 to 1990 increase at HBCUs is smaller
than the 25 percent increase that occurred at all higher
education institutions.  Compared to other higher education
students, a larger proportion of the students at HBCUs enroll
in 4-year and in private institutions.

Has the proportion of black students enrolling at HBCUs
changed?

The increase in black enrollment (10 percent) at HBCUs,
between 1976 and 1990, lagged behind the 20 percent rise in
black enrollment at other colleges.  But, between 1988 and
1990, the number of black students increased by 8 percent at
both HBCUs and other colleges.  As a result of the long-term
growth in black enrollment at non-HBCU institutions, the
proportion of black students enrolling at HBCUs dipped from
18.4 percent in 1976 to 17.2 percent in 1990.  At the same
time, more students from other racial/ethnic groups attended
HBCUs and the student body at HBCUs became slightly diverse.

What proportion of blacks earn their degrees from HBCUs?

Although relatively few associate degrees are conferred by
HBCUs, about 27 percent of black bachelor's degree recipients
received their degrees from HBCUs in 1989-90. This compares
with 15 percent of black master's degree recipients, 12
percent of black doctor's degree recipients, and 16 percent of
black first-professional degree recpients.

What changes have there been in the number of degrees awarded
by HBCUs?

The number of bachelor's degrees conferred by HBCUs declined
by 16 percent between 1976-77 and 1989-90, although the
decline appears to have leveled off during the late 1980s.
The proportion of all bachelor's degrees conferred by HBCUs
dropped from 2.6 percent to 1.9 percent between 1976-77 and
1989-90, as the number of bachelor's degrees conferred by all
institutions rose.

The number of master's degrees conferred by HBCUs declined by
34 percent from 1976-77 to 1989-90.  The number of degrees
fell more rapidly (38 percent) for men than for women (32
percent).

In a marked contrast to the declines at the bachelor's and
master's degree levels, the number of doctor's degrees
conferred by HBCUs increased by 214 percent between 1976-77
and 1989-90.  About 54 percent of all doctors's degrees
awarded by HBCUs were in the field of education compared to an
average of 18 percent at all institutions of higher education.

How many people work at HBCUs?

In 1989, about 50,200 persons were employed by HBCUs and about
33 percent of them were faculty, almost the same proportion as
at all colleges and universities.  HBCUs differed from other
colleges in employing a lower proportion of instructional and
research assistants and a higher proportion of service and
maintenance personnel.

Do faculty salaries at HBCUs differ from those at other
institutions?

Increases in faculty salaries at HBCUs generally kept pace
with those at other colleges, though salaries at HBCUs
remained somewhat lower.  In 1989-90, female faculty at HBCUs
earned 87 percent of the average for all female faculty
compared to male HBCU faculty who earned 78 percent of the
average for all male faculty.  Within HBCUs, men's salaries
averaged 12 percent higher than women's salaries compared to a
26 percent difference for all institutions.

Are financial resources for HBCUs lower than those available
at other institutions?

Expenditures at public HBCUs are similar to those at other
public institutions.  In 1988-89, educational and general
expenditure per student at HBCUs was $8,666, or about 97
percent of the average for all public colleges and
universities.

In 1976-77, private HBCUs spent 5 percent more per student
than all private colleges and universities. By 1988-89 the gap
had reversed because of the relatively slow rate of growth in
private HBCU expenditures, and private HBCUs spent about 10
percent less per student than all private colleges and
ies.

What is the overall condition of HBCUs?

After a decade of stable enrollments prior to 1986, enrollments
at HBCUs are beginning to rise rapidly.  At least some of this
increase has been due to a larger proportion of black students
choosing to attend HBCUs in recent years. While the numbers of
degrees conferred by HBCUs has been declining at the associate
and bachelor's degree levels, the rising enrollment levels
during the late 1980's should be reflected by larger numbers
of awards during the early 1990s, particularly for bachelor's
degrees.

The financial and faculty resource picture at the public HBCUs
generally looks stronger than at the private HBCUs.  The
situation at some private HBCUs shows weakness in maintaining
high enrollments, adequate increases in funding, and
appropriate staff resources.

If you have questions about HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES AND
UNIVERSITIES, 1976-90 please contact Charlene Hoffman on
202-219-1688.  Copies of the report are available for $6.50 from
New Orders, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954,
Pittsburgh, PA   15250-7954.  Please refer to stock number 065-
000-00511-5.

and Universities," 20 USC 1061(2).


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