Newsgroups: bit.listserv.c18-l
Date:         Sun, 6 Sep 1992 14:00:23 EDT
From:         BCJ@PSUVM.BITNET
Subject:      C18-L's Kalendar: September 7-13

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*                                                                   *
*             THE KALENDAR - REASONS TO CELEBRATE                   *
*                                                                   *
*             Compiled for C18-L by Kevin Berland                   *
*                       BCJ@PSUVM.BITNET                            *
*                       BCJ@psuvm.psu.edu                           *
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                            SEPTEMBER 7

     BIRTHDAYS:  Elizabeth I, 1558-1603 Queen of England (1533-1603);
Louis de Bourbon, Prince de Conde (1621);  Stephen Hales, English
scientist, Father of Physiology (1677-1761);  George Louis LeClerc du
Buffon, French naturalist, director of the Jardin du Roi & the Royal
Museum, member of the French Academy, author & founder of the 44-
volume Histoire Naturelle (1707-88);  Arthur Young, English
agricultural writer (1741);

     LATER BIRTHDAYS OF INTEREST:  Friedrich August Kekule von
Stradonitz, German organic chemist, 1st theorist of leaking carbon
atoms & benzene rings (1829-96);  Anna Mary Robertson "Grandma"
Moses, U.S. primitive painter (1860-1961);  Carl Lotus Becker, U.S.
historian (1873-1945);  Charles Tomlinson Griffes, U.S. impressionist
composer (1884-1920);  Dame Edith Sitwell, British poet, wit-- "I am like
an unpopular electric eel in a pond full of flatfish" (1887-1964);  Janet
Miriam Taylor Caldwell, U.S. novelist (1900);  Michael Ellis Debakey,
U.S. heart surgeon (1908);  Elia Kazan, Turkish-born U.S. film
producer (1909);  Todor Zhivkov, Bulgarian statesman, president,
convicted in 1992 of misaprropriating funds & being on the wrong side
(1911);  Anthony Quayle, English Shakespearean actor (1913);  James
Alfred van Allen, U.S. physicist, discovered the eponymous belt of
radiation encircling the earth (1914);  Peter Lawford, Brittish actor
(1924);  Daniel Ken Inouye, U.S. politician, lawyer (1924);  Baudouin I,
King of Belgium (1930);  Abdou Diouf, Senegalese statesman, president
(1935);  Charles Harden "Buddy" Holly, influential U.S. rock singer,
killed in a plane crash (1936-59);

     DEATHS:  Dr. John Armstrong, English author of The Art of
Preserving Health (1779);  Leonard Euler, mathematician (1783);
Hannah More, educational & religious writer (1833);

     ON THIS DAY IN HISTORY:  in 1714 France and the Holy Roman
Empire signed the Peace of Baden, by which France retained Alsace;
in 1736 an Edinburgh mob killed Captain Porteous;  in 1812 Napoleon
won a costly victory over the Russian army at the Battle of Borodino
(see Tolstoy's *War and Peace*, and listen to Tchiakowsky's 1812
Overture...);

     MISCELLANEA:  Today is Brazil's Independence Day (1822).  It's
also the Feast of St. Clodoald (or Cloud), patron of nail makers.  On this
day in 1979 Robert Runcie became the 102nd Archbishop of
Canterbury.  On this day in 1911, Guillame Apollonaire was jailed on
suspicion of masterminding the theft of the "Mona Lisa" from the
Louvre -- 5 days later he was released when it was proven he couldn't
have done it; today is Labor Day (1992), a day set aside to celebrate
people who work hard -- and now the opening of Christmas Shopping
season, & a special day for salespeople to work trying to sell stuff
at holiday sales that look increasingly identical...

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                           SEPTEMBER 8

     BIRTHDAYS:  Ludovico Ariosto, Italian poet (1474-1533);  August
Wilhelm Schlegel, German poet, translator of Shakespeare, orientalist,
critic, founder of the _Atheneum_ (1767-1745);  John Leyden, English
poet (1775);

     LATER BIRTHDAYS OF INTEREST:  Clemens Maria Brentano,
German poet, novelist, chronicler of the visions of Anna Katharina
Emmerick (1778-1842);  Margaret Olivia Sage, U.S. philantropist (1828-
1918);  Frederic Mistral, Provencal poet. 1904 Nobel Laureate (1830-
1914);  Cincinnatus Hiner "Joaquin" Miller, U.S."cowboy" poet,
journalist (1837-1913);  Antonin Dvorak, Czech composer (1841-1904);
W.W. Jacobs, British nautical short-story writer (1863-1943);  Alfred
Jarry, French surrealist poet & playwright (1873);  Siegfried Sassoon,
English poet, pacifist, novelist (1886-1967);  Euell Gibbons, author of
books about finding food wherever you are [Stalking the Wild
Asparagus] (1911);  Sid Caesar, U.S. comedian (1922);  Grace Metalious,
U.S. novelist, author of once-shocking _Peyton Place_ (1924-64);  Peter
Sellers, English comic genius, actor, writer, goon , Inspector Clouseau
(1925-80);  Ann Beattie, U.S. novelist (1847);

     DEATHS:  Frances Quarles, English emblematical poet (1644);
Princess Elizabeth Stuart, daughter of Charles I (1650);  Joseph Hall,
English bishop, essayist, satirist (1656)

     ON THIS DAY IN HISTORY:  in 1755 the British defeated the French
at the Battle of Lake George; in 1760 the British captured Montreal

     MISCELLANEA:  Today is International Literacy Day, formerly
celebrated, oddly enough, in the Soviet Union as International
Journalists' Solidarity Day.  In Andorra, today is the Feast of Our Lady
of Meritxell.  It's also the Birthday of the Blessed Virgin Mary, and the
Feast of St. Adrian, patron of soldiers and (if your faculty of irony hasn't
shut down) of butchers -- wait, that's not all: he's invoked against
plague.  Really!  On this day in 1883 the Golden Spike was driven to
mark the completion of the Northern Pacific RR in Montana;  on this
day in 1935, Louisiana's Huey P. Long was shot; on this day in 1966, the
very first episode of the U.S. science-fiction series, Star Trek, first
aired; on this day in 1974 U.S. president Gerald Ford, the man who
played football without a helmet a few too many times (President
Johnson said that) granted former president Richard M. Nixon an
unconditional pardon for all (unspecified) federal crimes committed
while in office.  What a day!

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                           SEPTEMBER 9

     BIRTHDAYS:  Armand Jean de Plessis, Duc de Richelieu, Cardinal,
French statesman, Louis XIII's chief minister (1585-1642):  Thomas
Hutchinson, N. American colonial official, Governor of Massachusetts
Bay Colony, loyalist (1811-80);  Luigi Galvani, Italian physician &
physicist, experimented with the function of electrical current in
causing muscle movement (1737-98);  William Bligh, English naval
officer, Captain of H.M.S. Bounty, marooned by his mutinous crew &
sailed 4000 miles to the E. Indies with a crew of 18, later Governor of
New South Wales (1754-1817);

     LATER BIRTHDAYS OF INTEREST:  Fabian Gottlieb von
Bellingshausen, Russian antarctic explorer (1778-1852);  William
Crunch Bond, U.S. astronomer, founder of Harvard's observatory,
took 1st star photograph (1789-1859); Richard Chenevix Trench,
English theologian, etymologist, Dean of Westminster (1807);  Count
Leo Nikolaievich Tolstoy, Russian novelist, philosopher ("Nietzche
was stupid and immoral"), mystic (1828-1910);  "Colonel" Harland
Sanders, U.S. entrepreneur, deviser of Kentucky Fried Chicken (1890-
1980);  James Hilton, English novelist (1900-54);  Granville Hicks, U.S.
critic (1901-82);  Cliff Robertson, U.S. actor (1923);

     DEATHS:  Charles de St. Evremond (1703);  Bernard Siegfried
Albinus, anatomist (1770);  Robert "Palmyra" Wood, English traveller &
archaeologist (1771);  Rev. Gilbert Wakefield, English theological &
political writer (1801);  John Brand, English antiquarian (1806);

     ON THIS DAY IN HISTORY:  in 1513 King James IV of Scotland lost
(and died at) the Battle of Flodden;

     MISCELLANEA:  It's Bulgaria's National Holiday.  Japan celebrates
Choxo-no-Sekku, or Chrysanthemum Day.  On this day in 1904, James
Joyce & Oliver St. John Gogarty moved into the Martello Tower in
Sandycove, later the setting for the opening scene of _Ulyssses_,
stately, plump Buck Mulligan...; on this day in 1910 Alice B. Toklas
moved in with Gertrude Stein

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                         SEPTEMBER 10

     BIRTHDAYS:  Sir John Soane, English architect (1753-1837);  Mungo
Park, Scottish surgeon, explorer, in 1796 discovered the source &
course of the Nile (1771-1806);

     LATER BIRTHDAYS OF INTEREST:  William Torrey Harris, U.S.
Hegelian philosopher, lexicographer (1835-1909);  Isaac Kauffmann
Funk, U.S. editor, publisher, lexicographer (1839-1912);  Charles
Santiago Sanders Peirce, U.S. mathematician, logician, pragmatic
philosopher (1839-1914);  John R. Lynch, U.S. politician, congressman,
in 1884 1st black to preside over a Republican Party convention (1847-
1939);  Carl Van Doren, U.S. author, editor, biographer of Benjamin
Franklin (1885-1950);  Hilda Doolittle, aka HD, U.S. imagist poet (1886-
1961);  Franz Werfel, Czech expressionist poet, playwright, novelist
(1890-1945);  Adele Austerlitz, better known as Adele Astaire, U.S.
dancer, sister of Fred (1898-1981);  Cyril Conolly, English critic (1903);
Robert Wise, U.S. film director (1914);  Edmond O'Brien, U.S. actor
(1915);  Arnold Palmer, U.S. pro golfer, 1st golf millionaire (1929);  Jose
Feliciano, U.S. singer, composer, guitarist (1945);

     DEATHS:  Edward Pococke, orientalist (1691);  Dr. Thomas Sheridan,
Irish scholar, translator, punman, friend to Swift, father of elocutionist
and actor Thomas, grandfather of playwright & politician Richard
Brinsley (1738);  Mary Wollstonecraft, English novelist, political writer
(1797);

     ON THIS DAY IN HISTORY:  in 1721 -- old style August 30 -- Russia
obtains territories in Livonia, Estonia, Ingria, and Eastern Karelia.

     MISCELLANEA:  It's the National Holiday today in Belize and
Bulgaria.  Today is the Feast of St. Nicholas of Tolentino, patron of
souls in purgatory.  On this day in 1846 Elias Howe patented his 1st
sewing machine; in 1893 women obtained the right to vote in New
Zealand.
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                       SEPTEMBER 11

     BIRTHDAYS:  Pierre de Ronsard, French poet, head of the poetic
group the Pleiades, the Father of French Lyric Poetry (1524-85);
William Lowth, English theological writer (1661);  James Thomson,
Scottish poet (1700);  Johann Bernhard Basedow, aka Bernhard
Nordalbingen, German educator, reformer, in 1774 established the
Philanthropinum, a model primary school (1723-90);

     LATER BIRTHDAYS OF INTEREST:  Erastus Flavel Beadle, U.S.
publisher, innovator in the manufacture of cheap editions and the dime
novel (1821-94);  William Sidney Porter, better known as O. Henry,
U.S. prolific short-story writer after his release from prison for
embezzlement when working as a bank teller, master of the plot twist &
surprise ending  -- Vache Lindsay wrotem "He always worked a tripl-
hinged surprise, / To end the scene and make one rub his eyes"(1862-
1910);  Sir James Hopwood Jeans, British physicist, astronomer (1877-
1946);  David Herbert "D.H." Lawrence, English poet, novelist, short-
story writer (1883-1930);  Grigori Evsevich Zinoviev, Russian
Bolshevik leader (1883-1936);  Vinoba Bhave, Indian mystic, social
reformer, Gandhian (1895-1982);  Ferdinand Edralin Marcos, Philippine
leader (1917-90);  James Charles Evers, U.S. civil rights leader,
politician (1922);

     DEATHS:  James Harrington, author of Oceana (1677);  Roger Crab,
English religious hermit (1680);  Johann Augustus Ernesti, German
classicist & editor (1781);  David Ricardo, economist (1823);

     ON THIS DAY IN HISTORY:  in 1649, Cromwell's English
Parliamentarian army sacked Drogheda, suppressing the Irish rising
led by James Butler, Marquis of Ormonde;  in 1700 British, Dutch, and
Austrian forces defeated the French at the Battle of Malplaquet;

     MISCELLANEA:  Ethiopa has a double celebration -- their New Year
(Coptic Calendar), and the commemoration of the reunification of
Eritrea with Ethiopia (1952);  Pakistan celebrates the death (!948) of
Mohammed Ali Jinnah, Quaid-e-Azam, founder & 1st leader   On this
day in 1930 Katherine Anne Porter's Flowering Judas was published; in
1962, the Beatles made their first recordings (Love Me, Do and P.S., I
Love You); in 1972 San Francisco's Bay Area Rapid Transit went into
service;  in 1973 the democratic socialist government of Chile was
overthrown by a right-wing coup in which president Salvador Allende
died.

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                            SEPTEMBER 12

     BIRTHDAYS:  Sir William Dugdale, English antiquarian (1605);  Jean-
Philippe Rameau, French writer of operas (1683);

     LATER BIRTHDAYS OF INTEREST:  Alexander Campbell, Irish-
born U.S. clergyman, cofounder of the Churches of Christ, founder of
Bethany College in West Virginia (1788-1866);  Richard March Hoe,
U.S. inventor, perfected the rotary printing press (1812-86);  Richard
Jordan Gatling, U.S. inventor, developer of the eponymous machine
gun (1818-1903);  Herbert Henry Asquith, 1st Earl of Oxford & Asquith,
British statesman, PM (1852-1928):  William Sharp, Scottish poet, Celtic
literary revivalist, used pseudonym Fiona Macleod (1855-1905);  H.L.
Mencken, U.S. journalist, social critic, editor, wit -- "Why authors write I
do not know.  As well ask why a hen lays an egg or a cow stands
patiently while a farmer burglarizes her."  "It is inaccurate to say I hate
everything.  I am strongly in favor of common sense, common honest,
and common decency.  This makes me forever ineligible for any public
office."  "The learned are seldom pretty fellows, and in many cases
their appearance tends to discourage a love of study in the young."  "It
is impossible to imagine Goethe or Beethoven being good at billiards."
"Every decent man is ashamed of the government he lives under."
"Criticism is prejudice made plausible." -- (1880-1956);  Maurice
Chevalier, French singer, actor (1888-1972);  Arthur Hays Sulzberger,
U.S. newspaper publisher (New York Times), director of Associated
Press news service (1891-1968);  Alfred A, Knopf, U.S. publisher (1892-
1974);  Irene Joliot-Curie, French physicist (1897-1956);  Ben Shahn,
Russian-born U.S. graphic artist, social reformer (1898-1969);  Ben
Blue, U.S. comedian (1901-75);  George Kung Chao Yeh, Nationalist
Chinese statesman, diplomat (1904-81);  Jessie Owens, African-
American athlete, won 4 gold medals at the 1936 Berlin Olympics (1913-
80);

     DEATHS:  Griffith Jones, Welsh miscellaneous writer (1786);  Edward
Lord Thurlow, Chancellor of England (1806);

     ON THIS DAY IN HISTORY:  in 1683 Polish & German forces under
John III Sobieski of Poland raised the Turkish siege of Vienna;  in
1740 Voltaire & Frederick the Great finally met in person (they'd been
pen-pals for years);

     MISCELLANEA:  Today is Nationality Day in the Cape Verde Islands,
Popular Revolution Commemoration Day (1974) in Ethiopia, National
Day in Guinea-Bissau, and National Day in Saudi Arabia.  On this day
in 1846 Elizabeth Barret and Robert Browning were secretly married.
Wordsworth commented, "Well, I hope they understand one another --
nobody else would."

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                           SEPTEMBER 13

     BIRTHDAYS:  Francois Joseph Paul de Grasse, Marquis de Grasse-
Tilly, French admiral, supported U.S. in war for independence (1722-
88);  Oliver Evans, U.S. inventor, 1797 patent for high-pressure steam
engine (1755-1819);

     LATER BIRTHDAYS OF INTEREST:  Walter Reed, U.S. physician,
bacteriologist, discovered nethod to prevent yellow fever (1851-1902);
Milton Snavely Hershey, U.S. chocolate manufacturer (1857-1945);
Cyrus Adler, U.S. educator, conservative Jewish leader (1863-1940);
Sherwood Anderson, novelist (Winesburg, Ohio), poet, & short-story
writer, of whose abilities F. Scott Fitzgerald once commented: he was
the "possessor ofa brilliant and almost inimitable prose style, and of
scarcely any ideas at all: (1876);  Arthur Henderson, English diplomat,
1934 Nobel Peace prize (1863-1935);  Adolf Meyer, Swiss-born U.S.
psychiatrist, neurologist, developed theory of objective psychobiology,
founded Mental Hygiene Movement (1866-1950);  Arnold Schonberg,
Austrian composer, 12-tone innovator (1874-1951);  Lewis Edward
Lawes, U.S. penologist, warden of Sing-Sing (1883-1947);  J.B.
Priestley, English novelist, playwright, critic (1894-1984);  Roald Dahl,
British author of short stories and children's books (1916);  Mel Torme,
U.S. singer known as "The Velvet Fog" (1925);

     DEATHS:  Michel Eyquem de Montaigne, French essayist (1592);
General James Wolfe (1759);  Charles James Fox, English statesman
(1806);  Saverio Bettinelli, Italian Risorgimento writer (1808)

     ON THIS DAY IN HISTORY:  in 1609, Henry Hudson got lost -- he
entered the river that now bears his name, in what is now New York
harbor, and thinking he was heading home toward the Netherlands,
sailed up as far as what is now Albany;  in 1788 New York became the
1st federal capital and seat of the U.S. Congress.
Comments: Gated by NETNEWS@AUVM.AMERICAN.EDU