HDTenEightyP/NetNews huggingface dataset:
From: kim@babbage.csus.edu (Kim Conway)
Subject: Celts
Organization: California State University, Sacramento
Distribution: usa
Date: Wed, 14 Oct 1992 21:48:07 GMT

The proper usage is both "Kelts" and "Celts". However, "Kelts" is hardly
ever used, and the more common and acceptable usage is "Celts". If anyone
cares to get more information, please feel free to post the newsgroup
"rec.org.sca". The SCA is a medieval society to which I belong. Anyone
there will be happy to answer any questions you might have about the "Celts".
I also my be able to answer a few questions since my persona in the society
is "Celtic" along with many of my friends.


 _   ,
' ) /
 /-<   o ______
/   ) <_/ / / <_

Kimberley A. Conway 
(California State University, Sacramento)


Newsgroups: sci.archaeology
From: ggrieve@cbnewsi.cb.att.com (greig.grieve)
Subject: Re: Concrete Pyramids
Organization: AT&T
Date: Mon, 12 Oct 1992 08:44:26 GMT
Summary: synthetic stone, cast in place
Keywords: Egyptian Pyramids Concrete

In article <2910@wrdis01.af.mil>, wdieteri@wrdis01.af.mil (William) writes:
> If I remember right the reason there came about an idea that the blocks where
> made of concrete is because  they found the remains of some flying
> insect(butterfly, etc) when they broke open a rock.
> 

According to Davidovitz the blocks are limestone or granite, but produced
by chemical reaction, and cast in moulds as concrete would be. His book
explains how the chemical reaction produces polymers ("geopolymers") called
zeolites which give the stone its properties.

The head of the sphinx, the Colossi of Memnon, and the fine stoneware vases
produced in predynastic and Old Kingdom times were also moulded from this
artificial stone, he claims.

One of the photographs in the book purports to show a filament just under
the surface of a stone - possibly a hair.

The zeolites include magnesium, phosphorus, silicon and aluminium (from memory)
which would not be present in natural limestone - at least in the same propor-
tions. Chemical analysis should show which blocks are natural or synthetic.
From: rog@hpscit.sc.hp.com (Roger Haaheim)
Date: Mon, 12 Oct 1992 13:17:49 GMT
Subject: Re: pathways
Organization: Hewlett-Packard, Santa Clara, CA
Newsgroups: sci.archaeology

In sci.archaeology, ucpl040@unlvm.unl.edu writes:

> exploritory problem is essentially, 'what causes off-sidewalk-paths
                                                   ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Practioners of the ancient art of shortcutting cause these
anomalies...  

Smart campus (et al) designers don't put in sidewalks until 
these practitioners have studied the problem for a year or
so.
From: poy@oasys.dt.navy.mil (Stephen Poy)
Newsgroups: sci.archaeology
Subject: Re: Kelts?
Date: 11 Oct 92 16:11:58 GMT
Article-I.D.: oasys.26268
Reply-To: poy@oasys.dt.navy.mil (Stephen Poy)
Organization: Carderock Division, NSWC, Bethesda, MD


please correct me anyone out there - but is it KELTS or CELTS ?

- stephen
Newsgroups: sci.archaeology
From: mwaugh@utkvx1.utk.edu (marcie)
Subject: Re: Concrete Pyramids
News-Software: VAX/VMS VNEWS 1.41    
Keywords: Egyptian Pyramids Concrete
Organization: University of Tennessee Computing Center
Date: Fri, 9 Oct 1992 13:54:00 GMT

In article <1992Oct3.022600.15370@acc.com>, art@acc.com (Art Berggreen) writes...
>In article <752@capmkt.COM> charles@capmkt.COM (Charles Neveu) writes:
>>I've heard that someone claims that the Egyptian pyramids are not made of 
>>quarried rock, but of concrete. Does anyone know the source of this rumor?
> 
>I wonder if it's because the original pyramids were finished on the
>exterior with a facing made from blocks of limestone.  Limestone is
>the raw material cement is manufactured from.  The bulk of the pyramids
>was definitly quarried blocks (granite, if I remember correctly).  Most
>of the limestone was later stripped for other building projects.
> 

The invention of concrete is generally attributed to the Romans....eg.
the Colleseum. So, pyramids that predated that time would not be concrete,
in my estimation.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
888*********88888********88888********88888********88888********88888******8888
	Marcie                             email : mwaugh@utkvx3.utk.edu  
888*********88888********88888********88888********88888********88888******8888
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
From: krromey@vaxsar.vassar.edu
Newsgroups: sci.archaeology
Subject: Studying Overseas
Date: 8 Oct 92 23:59:12 +1000
Organization: Vassar College

	Im a second-year student at a small liberal arts college, majoring 
in art history. My interests, however, lie primarily in classical art and
archaeology, and i'm an avid reader of this newsgroup. Maybe you can all
help me out:
	I want to go to Europe to study classical art and classical 
archaeology- probably focus more on the archaeology than the art because
the course offerings in archaeology are so meager here. I'm considering
either Berlin or London, because of the great resources these cities have
(i.e Pergamon,Elgen Marbles, etc.). The problem is that the Junior Year
Abroad office is not really much of a help as they don't have many current
course catalogs or specific info on each school, and don't even offer a 
program with the Freie Universitat- I'd have to figure out how to put it
together myself.I have very little idea of where to begin looking at 
schools and their offerings. I would really appreciate it if people
familiar with some of the European schools can give me some advice-
good departments, good profs, etc.
	The only restrictions are:
		-Due to my course track, I can only go away for one 
semester (Sept.- Dec.). I've noticed in the few British course books
I've found (i.e UCL) that most of the courses are a year long
		
		-I'd prefer Britain over Germany because, although I
lived in Germany for three years, I am not wholly confident with my scientific
German. I'm also learning Greek and it would be easier to continue this in
an English-speaking environment. (I'm just a beginner).

		-I can only go to a country if I am proficient in its
language (college regs) which rules out Greece, etc.

	Thank you for taking the time to read this over-long post. If
anyone can offer help or suggestions, e-mail me directly at
IN%"KRROMEY@VAXSAR.VASSAR.EDU". Many, many thanks in advance.
					
Xref: sparky sci.archaeology:2648 sci.astro:10884 sci.geo.geology:2165 sci.geo.meteorology:3261 sci.research:1198
From: gwv@eastrg2.cray.com (George Vandenberghe)
Newsgroups: sci.archaeology,sci.astro,sci.geo.geology,sci.geo.meteorology,sci.research
Subject: Re: THE TRUE CAUSE & ORIGIN OF EARTHQUAKES (AND THEIR PREDICTION)
Keywords: ELF Monitoring, Earthquake Forecasting, Magnetic Fluctuations
Date: 16 Oct 92 19:30:18 GMT
Organization: Cray Research, Inc.


This is just a message to new readers of this news group.

The above article
"  THE TRUE CAUSE & ORIGIN OF EARTHQUAKES (AND THEIR PREDICTION) "

Is definitely NOT typical of what appears on this newsgroup.  The
large volume of responses was shocked reaction to the original article.

Usually the newsgroup consists of a few articles per day and almost
all of them are  of intrest to the meteorological community.  
Newsgroups: sci.archaeology
From: kyrsten@eos.arc.nasa.gov (Kyrsten Swazey)
Subject: Re: Rubbish!
Organization: NASA Ames Research Center
Distribution: usa
Date: Wed, 7 Oct 1992 21:33:07 GMT

Speaking of rubish... Is there anyonme out there who has been working
with the Arizona garbage study?  Is it still going on, or did it end
aeons ago?
Newsgroups: sci.archaeology
From: Myrddin <Myrddin@tri.isolatedw.edu.ow>
Subject: Re: Kelts?
X-Xxmessage-Id: <A700D77288020542@maths-g16-m02.cc.monash.edu.au>
X-Xxdate: Tue, 13 Oct 92 03:43:46 GMT
Organization: The Immortals
X-Useragent: Nuntius v1.1.1d9
Date: Tue, 13 Oct 1992 09:43:48 GMT

It is normally writen "Celts" though the pronounciation in Celtic
languages of "c" is as the English "k", never as an "s" as in the English
"centre".
So it is pronounced "KELTS" but writen "Celts".
From: STDN%MARIST@VM.MARIST.EDU (Dan Newcombe)
Newsgroups: sci.archaeology
Subject: Re: Kelts?
Date: 13 Oct 1992 07:47:31 -0500
Organization: UTexas Mail-to-News Gateway
NNTP-Posting-Host: cs.utexas.edu

>please correct me anyone out there - but is it KELTS or CELTS ?

Stephen,
 Unless I am way off, it is spelt Celts, but pronounced Kelts.

    -Dan
From: rcmolden@parmesan.cs.wisc.edu (Robertc. Moldenhauer)
Newsgroups: sci.archaeology
Subject: Re: Ancient city of Ebla
Date: 14 Oct 92 22:01:16 GMT
Article-I.D.: cs.1992Oct14.220116.18207
Organization: University of Wisconsin, Madison -- Computer Sciences Dept.

In article <1992Oct13.230729.20028@trl.oz.au> a.Faris@trl.oz.au  writes:
>There was an article in the New York Times a few years ago regarding texts
>found at Ebla, a city in northern Syria. I beleive the times indicated that
>some of writings that were discovered would put the present Jewish, Christian,
>and Muslim religions on shaky grounds. Does any one know what was discovered
>and where do things stand so far regarding that city.
>
>A.Faris


Well I always new the New York Times was slow......

A good into book on Ebla would be:

The Archives of Ebla - An Empire inscibed in Clay
by Giovanni Pettinato
Doubleday, Garden City, NY USA
ISBN: 0-385-13152-6
Newsgroups: sci.archaeology
From: kim@babbage.csus.edu (Kim Conway)
Subject: Celts
Organization: California State University, Sacramento
Distribution: usa
Date: Wed, 14 Oct 1992 21:24:44 GMT

The proper usage is either "Kelts" or "Celts" although "Kelts" is usually
not that widely used and you hardly ever see it. The more common
and more acceptable usage is "Celts". If you have any questions feel
free to post to the group "rec.org.sca". It is a medieval history group
that I belong to. Anyone will be happy to answer any questions you have
regarding the "Celts".


Kim Conway
    CSU, Sacramento
    kim@babbage.csus.edu



Newsgroups: sci.archaeology
From: briano@spss.com (Brian O'Laughlin)
Subject: Quiche Mayas, sources, request
Organization: SPSS Inc.
Distribution: usa
Date: Mon, 12 Oct 1992 19:32:19 GMT


I have been researching the Quiche Mayas of Guatemala. 
I'm wondering whether there are any original sources
I've been missing; I've got "The Popol Vuh," (by the
way, any opinions on the various translations of this
work?); Titulo Totonicapan; and various archeological
reports from the area. I'm most interested in getting 
ideas about everyday life of the Ancient Quiches.

Any suggestions welcome.

--Brian O'Laughlin
Newsgroups: sci.archaeology
From: jaa12@cunixa.cc.columbia.edu (John A Absood)
Subject: Question
Reply-To: jaa12@cunixa.cc.columbia.edu (John A Absood)
Organization: Columbia University
Distribution: sci.archaeology
Date: Sat, 10 Oct 1992 17:55:11 GMT

Hi,

I am wondering whether anyone on this newsgroup has done any studies
on ancient music, particularly, Ancient Egyptian Music.

Thankx,

J. Absood
From: lrfox@silver.ucs.indiana.edu (linda ream fox)
Newsgroups: sci.archaeology
Subject: Re: Secret of the Sphinx
Date: 16 Oct 92 19:53:45 GMT
Article-I.D.: usenet.Bw8CLL.Hq3
Organization: Indiana University


  Its a very funny remark.  However, Schock  says, and I think this has been
known for some time, that the sphinx's "butt" was carved much later than the
rest of it.  The original sculpture was only the front half of a lion.  All
he's claiming about the head is that it was CHANGED later.  (I don't 
necessarily agree with him on the antiquitiy of the beast, but at least I've
read his article....)

LRFOX
Newsgroups: sci.geo.fluids
From: ilana@kiowa.scd.ucar.edu (Ilana Stern)
Subject: Re: Bathymetry data
Organization: NCAR/UCAR
Date: Wed, 14 Oct 1992 22:17:17 GMT

In article <1992Oct14.203821.6624@news.columbia.edu>, rgm4@cunixf.cc.columbia.edu (Raghuram G Murtugudde) writes:
> Here is the reference to the binary file that has world bathymetry at a
>  resolution of 5 minutes by 5 minutes.
> 
>  National  Geophysical  Data Center (1988). ETOPO-5 Bathymetry/Topography
> Data, Data Announcement 88-MGG-02: National Oceanic and Atmospheric
> Administration, U.S. Dept. of Commerce.

NCAR (National Center for Atmospheric Research) has this data available
on tape (9-track, Exabyte, or IBM 3480 cartridge) or via FTP (not
preferred, as the data file is 56 MB) as an ASCII file.  There is a 
small charge for this data;  if you are interested, contact me. 

NCAR is a non-profit research organization administered by UCAR and
funded by the NSF.  Our data charges reflect our cost in transferring
data from the Mass Store to our FTP machine, or to tape.  This is not 
a commercial advertisement;  if you have problems with this posting, feel 
free to email me.

-- 
/\     It's not denial.  I'm just very selective about the reality I accept.
  \_][ <--NCAR Ilana Stern dod#009 r.b. cliff swallow ilana@ncar.ucar.edu    
      \______________________________________________________________________
Newsgroups: sci.geo.fluids
From: bdeyoung@kean.ucs.mun.ca
Subject: Re: Bathymetry data
Organization: Memorial University. St.John's Nfld, Canada
Date: Thu, 15 Oct 1992 11:44:40 GMT

>>Here is the reference to the binary file that has world bathymetry at a
>>  resolution of 5 minutes by 5 minutes.
>>

 Just a comment on the 5 minute by minute world bathymetry. We
have been using it here for a few years now and have a few problems
with it. One it is heavily smoothed something that is particularly
noticeable on the shelf. The second thing is that there are holes
in the topography, e.g. islands in the middle of the ocean. Most
of these glitches are easily fixed but it might be of help to know
they are there. We have used this mostly in the N. Atlantic and PAcific
and do not have a 'fixed up' set for the whole world.
 Does anyone know if there is a bathymetry set at higher resolution 
out there? One at say 1 minute resolution? I know there are some 
interpolated sets of this 5 minute data but am not aware of anything
at better resolution. Any suggestions?

Brad deYoung
Physics Department
Memorial University
St. John's, Newfoundland
A1B 3X7

bdeyoung@kean.ucs.mun.ca (INTERNET)  hone: 709-737-8839
b.deyoung (OMNET)                    FAX  : 709-737-8739
     
Newsgroups: sci.geo.fluids
From: rfedkiw@redwood.math.ucla.edu (Ronald Fedkiw)
Subject: Chemically Reacting Air
Organization: UCLA Mathematics Department
Distribution: usa
Date: Thu, 8 Oct 92 00:25:24 GMT

I'm trying to model the flow of high temperature air.......
I need to calculate the heat of formation of: N2 O2 N O NO NO+ e-
                        ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Anyone know what to do ??? References ????
--
Ron Fedkiw (rfedkiw@joshua.math.ucla.edu)

A plan is made by someone who is sitting and thinking ...
while others are doing.
Newsgroups: sci.geo.fluids
From: bdeyoung@kean.ucs.mun.ca
Subject: Re: Finite element mesh generators
Organization: Memorial University. St.John's Nfld, Canada
Date: Mon, 12 Oct 1992 12:34:13 GMT

In article <1992Oct9.004451.17041@beaver.cs.washington.edu>, gregs@cs.washington.edu (Gregory Sharp) writes:
> I am looking for recommendations for finite element mesh generators.  
> Code should run under DOS, or UNIX/Xwindows.  Three-dimension ability
> is a plus, but 2-D will due.

 There is some software that has been produced by R.F. Henry and
R.A Walters. Henry is at the Institute of Ocean Sciences in Patricia
Bay, Vancouver Iland. The program is called TRIGRID and is supposed to 
tun on workstations and pcs. A use of this grid is presented in
Foreman and Freeland, 1991, JGR, 17007-17021. There is a reference
in that paper and an address that can be used. Note that this program
creates triangular grids.

Brad deYoung
Physics Department
Memorial University
St. John's, Newfoundland
A1B 3X7

bdeyoung@kean.ucs.mun.ca (INTERNET)  Phone: 709-737-8839
b.deyoung (OMNET)                    FAX  : 709-737-8739
Newsgroups: sci.geo.fluids
From: mariano@sgrmag.rsmas.miami.edu (Arthur Mariano)
Subject: Re: Spectrum of gappy data
Organization: University of Miami/RSMAS
Distribution: usa
Date: Thu, 8 Oct 92 15:26:54 GMT

In article <1at2faINN9he@network.ucsd.edu>jasmith@ucsd.edu (jerry smith)
writes : 
> .....
>Covariance-based methods are often referred to as "auto-regressive"
models
>(or AR-spectra;  I can't say why this name has stuck).  Marple reviews
the
>relative advantages of AR versus "periodogram" (fft) and a few others
>(e.g.  Proni's method).
> .....
I would not use AR methods on many oceanographic data sets. AR methods
work well for relatively high resolution detection of close peaks.
For instance, identifying both a tidal and an inertial peak in data
collected at mid-latitudes. An AR(1) filter or Markov model can either
act as a high or low pass filter, while an AR(2m) model is used for
detecting m sinusoids. Many oceanographic data sets are red and have
significant energy in a broad mesoscale range. AR methods which use
the sample covariance/autocorrelation were not formulated for this
type of spectra. They work well in speech applications and for detecting
sinusoids in white noise. To quote from Thomson (1990), "If your
spectrum
estimate explicitly requires sample autocorrelations you are almost
certaintly doing something wrong." My suggestion is to read this
paper and his earlier work before you do anything.  cheers, arthur

Thomas, D.J., 1990: Quadratic-inverse spectrum estimates: applications
to palaeoclimatology, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond., 332, 539-597.


-- 
*****************R.I.P., Bill of Rights, 1791-1991********************
Arthur J. Mariano INET: mariano@sgrmag.rsmas.miami.edu 
Dept. of Meteorology and Physical Oceanography        305-361-4193 
Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science,  U. of Miami
4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149-1098, USA
From: umberto@aomc.jussieu.fr (Umberto D'Ortona)
Newsgroups: sci.geo.fluids
Subject: Re: Question on Young's Equation
Keywords: interfacial tension, wetting, nonwetting
Date: 12 Oct 92 09:37:01 GMT
Organization: AOMC, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France

In article <Bvpu7q.1t4@unx.sas.com>, sasrbk@banana.unx.sas.com (Bart Killam) writes:

|> [...]
|>  Young's Equation 
|>    cos(theta)= (sigma_s_a - sigma_s_w)/sigma_a_w
|> 
|> where  
|> 
|>   theta = the connecting angle
|> 
|>   sigma_s_a = interfacial energy between the solid-air
|>               (the energy required to separate a unit
|>                area of air-solid interface)
|> 
|>   sigma_s_w = interfacial energy between the solid-water
|> 
|>   sigma_a_w = interfacial energy between the air-water
|> 
|> Suppose (using J/m**2 or any convenient units)
|> 
|>   sigma_s_a = 1, sigma_s_w = 2 , sigma_a_w = 1
|> 
|> Since it take twice the amount of energy to peel
|> a unit area of solid-water apart compared to
|> solid-air, or air-solid, it would seem that the
|> system would seek to minimize its energy by
|> spreading the water over the entire surface
|> (theta-0). However, these values give theta=180,
No I don't agree with you. If sigma_s_w equal 2,
this mean that the solid-water interface is a high
energy interface (at least higher energy than the
two others) and if the system want to minimize his
energy, it want to have a solid-water interface
as short as possible. So the contact angle will
be 180 degree (0 lenght water-solid interface) 
|> where the water is only touching at a single
|> point. This seems a much higher energy state.
|> 
|> What is wrong with my reasoning. Thank you
|> for any help on this.
|> 
|> --- Bart Killam,  SAS Institute Inc. 

Hope it will help

-- 
Umberto D'Ortona (umberto@aomc.jussieu.fr)
Labo. AOMC   Universite  P.  et  M.  Curie 
4  Pl Jussieu  75252 Paris Cedex 5  FRANCE
Tel: 33 1 44274529      Fax: 33 1 44273854
From: jva@inf.rl.ac.uk (John V Ashby)
Newsgroups: sci.geo.fluids
Subject: Wanted: Public Domain S/w for Fluids Dynamics
Date: 16 Oct 92 15:37:56 GMT
Organization: Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Informatics Department, U.K.

I have been asked to find out if there is any public domain software
available for Fluid Dynamics. My questioner is particularly interested
in Panel Methods for aerodynamics in 3-D but I'd like to broaden the
scope to all methods and application areas (yes, I know it's a big
field). Please e-mail and I will summarise to the net when the torrent
of responses slows to a trickle.

john
From: rgm4@cunixf.cc.columbia.edu (Raghuram G Murtugudde)
Newsgroups: sci.geo.fluids
Subject: Heat of Formation of NO etc...
Date: 9 Oct 92 00:42:25 GMT
Reply-To: rgm4@cunixf.cc.columbia.edu (Raghuram G Murtugudde)
Organization: Columbia University


 I don't know how complex your system is. But if you are just looking for
 the heat of formation of the species you mentioned and any other
 reactions from the N2, O2 etc., they are straight forward calculations.

 Refer to the book by Bruce Mahan. It is a Chemistry book. Or pick up some
 combustion book though I can't come up with a name right now.

 If you are thinking of considering all possible reactions involved in
 heating air and then choosing the equilibrium composition at some
 temperature by minimizing Gibbs Free Energy or entropy change, then you
 need a sophisticated code like the GCKP( General Chemical Kinetics Program).
 This is maintained by COSMIC at Georgia Tech and by NASA/Ames.
 Good luck.

 Ragu
Newsgroups: sci.geo.fluids
From: gregs@cs.washington.edu (Gregory Sharp)
Subject: Finite element mesh generators
Organization: Computer Science & Engineering, U. of Washington, Seattle
Date: Fri, 9 Oct 92 00:44:51 GMT

I am looking for recommendations for finite element mesh generators.  
Code should run under DOS, or UNIX/Xwindows.  Three-dimension ability
is a plus, but 2-D will due.

Thanks,
Greg Sharp
From: dirk@wheeler.wrc.unr.edu
Newsgroups: sci.geo.fluids
Subject: AWRA Annual Conference
Date: 7 Oct 92 22:31:46 GMT
Reply-To: dirk@wheeler.wrc.unr.edu ()
Distribution: usa
Organization: Desert Research Institute, University of Nevada


Student Housing
American Water Resources Association
28th Annual Conference & Symposium
Reno, Nevada
November 1-5, 1992

  The Universiy of Nevada-Reno Student Chapter of
AWRA is providing free housing for STUDENTS from other
schools in order to defray the total cost of the conference.
Our members have volunteered to provide housing from 
Sun., Nov. 1 - Thur., Nov. 5.  Accommodations will include
floor space (in some cases, a bed or couch) and a shower.
You might want to bring your own sleeping bag.  However,
our members are not obligated to feed, transport or
entertain out-of-town students.  Space is limited and
anyone interested should call to make arrangements prior
to October 26.
  If you have any questions, or would like to reserve
space contact Dirk Cockrum at (702) 673-7382(daytime)
or (702) 356-2975(evening) or E-mail dirk@wrc.unr.edu.
Newsgroups: sci.geo.fluids,sci.geo.geology,bit.listserv.geodesic