HDTenEightyP/NetNews huggingface dataset:
From: stgprao@st.unocal.COM (Richard Ottolini)
Subject: Re: Seismic Sensors...
Organization: Unocal Corporation
Date: Fri, 20 Nov 1992 17:13:55 GMT

In article <1847@raven.ukc.ac.uk> jpc@ukc.ac.uk (J.P.Crossley) writes:
>Hi,
>
>	I wonder if any people out there could help me with a problem.
>I have a final year electronics degree project to do which is a
>digital seismometer. However, I have had some difficulty in getting
>information on current type of sensors that are used and detail of their
>construction. Bearing in mind that I have to make the sensor, could any
>one give me useful hints on the type to construct (e.g. Horizontal or
>vertical?). From what I gather, a horizontal component sensor would be much
>easier to construct using the 'garden gate' type pendulum in order to achieve
>the required resonant frequency - which is quite low (approx. 1/5s - is this
>about right for my uses?)

Vertical for the first component.

Different people look at different frequencies from .0001 to 10000 Hertz
to see different things.

Large earthquake earth "bell ringing":	.0001 to .001 Hertz
Far quakes:				.001 to 1 Hertz
Near quakes:				.01 to 10 Hertz
Surface petroleum exploration		5 to 250 Hertz
Well petroleum exploration		5 to 5000 Hertz

Since the speed of sound in rocks ranges from 2 to 8 km per second,
depending on depth and wave type,
you see different scale size features at the different frequency ranges.

You probably want either the quakes or surface petroleum exploration.
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
From: Oluf Andrews <oandrews@sciborg.uwaterloo.ca>
Subject: Hydrothermal-vent communities
Originator: oandrews@sciborg.uwaterloo.ca
Organization: University of Waterloo
Date: Thu, 19 Nov 1992 04:53:44 GMT
X-Mailer: ELM [version 2.3 PL11]

I am writing a paper on hydrothermal-vent communities for an undergrad
Earth Sci course.  I am wondering if anyone out there has any up to the
minute details that I cannot get through our library which has stopped
receiving several journals like Deep Sea Research.  I would like to know
the total numbers of new species identified.  I don't need to know the
individual species, that would be too much, although any new families or
genera would be a great help.  Thanks in advance...

Oluf E. Andrews
From: dmghqdos@cdmg-hq.UUCP (Cdmg-hq.dos)
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
Subject: Oil & Gas Exam # 2    2/2
Date: Thu, 19 Nov 92 15:03:23 PST
X-Maildoor: WaflineMail 1.00r

>>> Continued from previous message
     available to meet affirmative action objectives.

Ability to:
1.   Provide leadership in accomplishing the basic functions and objectives
     of the department.
2.   Plan, direct and control the work of assigned programs, functions, and
     operations.
3.   Perceive the alternatives available in the solution of management
     problems and select logical and realistic courses of action.
4.   Inspire confidence and develop effective working relationships with
     employees, program managers, legislators, representatives of other
     governmental jurisdictions, and industry and others contacted in the
     work.
5.   Speak and write effectively.
6.   Effectively contribute to the department's affirmative action
     objectives.

ELIGIBLE LIST INFORMATION
An open eligible list will be established for the Department of
Conservation.  The list will be abolished 12 months after it is established
unless the needs of the service and conditions of the list warrant a change
in this period.

Veterans preference credit will not be granted in this examination since it
does not qualify as an entrance examination under the law.

---
 * SLMR 2.1a #T163 * Fact: fourteen out of every ten people like chocolate.
 * TNet 2.2 w From CDMG ONLINE, a WILDCAT! BBS, at 916-327-1208
From: karish@pangea.Stanford.EDU (Chuck Karish)
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
Subject: Re: Fission - Fusion...  Fissure - Fusure?
Date: 20 Nov 92 21:57:20 GMT
Organization: Mindcraft, Inc.
NNTP-Posting-Host: pangea.stanford.edu

In article <1992Nov20.185711.11843@sco.com> brianm@sco.com
(Brian Moffet) writes:
>Fission is the splitting of atoms, and Fusion is joining of 2 atoms
>
>A fissure is a split in the ground usually caused by an earthquake, 
>plate movement (without an earth quake?), or some other means.
>
>Is there a fusure?  Perhaps the Himalayan mountains?

The place where two continents have collided and
joined into one is often called a "suture".  The
Himalayas mark one suture, the Alps another, the
Urals a third (I think).
--

    Chuck Karish          karish@mindcraft.com
    (415) 323-9000 x117   karish@pangea.stanford.edu
From: price@helios.unl.edu (Chad  Price)
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
Subject: Re: rising sea level & continetal drift
Date: 16 Nov 1992 03:04:52 GMT
Organization: University of Nebraska--Lincoln	
NNTP-Posting-Host: helios.unl.edu

jmartin@eniac.seas.upenn.edu (Jason J Martin) writes:

>I have a question about the rising sea level......I'm told that the sea level
>has risen quite a bit in the past few hundred years.  Could this rise in sea
>level have to do with the moving continents?  Could the total amout of ocean
>floor be decreasing?  Something like that would cause a rise in sea level.   


Anything on the scale of a few hundred years is far too fast for plate
tectonics to have any effect. Global sea level changes seem to be almost
entirely the result of the presence/absence/changing volume of the glaciers,
and in particular the continental scale glaciers such as Greenland and
Antarctica. If my memory serves me, during the late Wisconsin (a time period)
glacial maximum, the sea level was >100 meters lower than at present due to the
volume of H2O locked up in the continental ice sheets of North America and
Europe (the Europeans call this the Wurm period i believe, even though I think
my spelling is wrong).

--
chad
price@helios.unl.edu
cprice@molecular.unmc.edu
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
From: jahern@geohub.gcn.uoknor.edu (Jud Ahern)
Subject: World Digital Terrain Images/Files
Originator: usenet@essex.ecn.uoknor.edu
Date: Thu, 19 Nov 1992 16:06:43 GMT
Reply-To: jahern@geohub.gcn.uoknor.edu
Organization: School of Geology and Geophysics, University of Oklahoma

I am looking for the source of those gorgeous color, shaded-relief
images of the globe based on digital terrain data. These show the
surface topography of the planet, with ocean water "removed."
My first choice would be a file or files, along with display 
software, so any perspective or scale could be viewed. Second 
choice would be hard copy prints or slides. 

Any help is much appreciated!
 
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Jud Ahern KC5RI               Bitnet: jahern@uokgcn.bitnet         |
| Geology & Geophysics        Internet: jahern@geohub.gcn.uoknor.edu |
| University of Oklahoma  "Opinions expressed here reflect the entire|     
| Norman, OK  73019        University, in one convenient location."  |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
From: stead@skadi.CSS.GOV (Richard Stead)
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
Subject: Re: life and geology
Keywords: melting point iron core inner core CO2
Date: 23 Nov 92 21:38:37 GMT

In article <1992Nov20.215007.28263@mailer.cc.fsu.edu>, cain@geomag.gly.fsu.edu (Joe Cain) writes:
> in Article 3239 of sci.geo.geology Richard Stead writes:
> 
> Good point! However, I now hear from our paleoecologist here, that
> there are some very old (> 2 Ga) stromatolites sitting on carbonate
> rocks, and the present argument is that either they produced it, or
> filtered what was already there. He also claims that not only most of
> the carbonate now is organically produced by several algae, but that
> he believes it always was so produced. If this is true there would
> there be no need to have to wait for shelled critters to develop at

Hmm, interesting idea.  It may be difficult to get hard evidence one
way or the other.  From an evolutionary standpoint, why would the earliest
bacteria produce carbonate?  It's mostly good for defense, something
the first critters on earth shouldn't have had to worry about.
The answer, of course, may be that they evolved the capability for the hell
of it.  Then again, multi-cellular organisms have only been around
600 million years and have shown a lot of change.  If the rate of evolution
is the same, maybe there were enough changes in the first 600 million years
of bacteria to favor such a deveolpment.  That still gives them over 2
billion years before the multi-celulars appear.

> the beginning of the phanerozoic, What results have been published
> either about the change of CO2 with time, or the reasons? I see in

I've never seen that curve.  I guess it could be derived by reviewing
the water acidity implied by the composition of deep ocean sediments
of various ages.  As for the reasons, photosynthesis is a big reason,
(but permanent removal would require permanent burial of the organic
remains).  Then carbonate deposition and possible inorganic carbonate
deposition.

> Although the strength of mantle convection indeed must be driven by
> the temperature gradient, my thought was that the ease with which
> subduction takes place would be related to how quickly the ocean floor
> would cool as it came away from the ridges. I would think that if the
> internal temperatures were some 300K hotter say 3 Ga ago, the crust
> would have stayed thin and the pull part would be less or that the
> crust might not have subducted so easily or done so at shallower angles.

True, as another has pointed out, the higher temperature implies higher
spreading rates, but everything piles up at subduction zones, since
the material may still be too bouyant to subduct.

>  In any event your figures for internal temperature are way higher
> than those quoted recently. For example, in the "Deep Earth Dialog"

Oops, bad memory, I should have looked it up.  Anyway, even at 6000K,
the temperature of the core still dominates convection regardless of the
surface temperature.


--
Richard Stead
Center for Seismic Studies
Arlington, VA
stead@seismo.css.gov
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
From: William.Rivas%bbs@quake.sylmar.ca.us (William Rivas)
Date: Wed, 18 Nov 92 21:52:25 PST
Organization: Quake Public Access, San Fernando Valley, CA (818)362-6092
Subject: John Hammer, ONE MORE, PLEASE!!!
Distribution: world
Reply-To: William.Rivas%bbs@quake.sylmar.ca.us (William Rivas)
X-Posting-Software: UniBoard 1.10a S/N 210921

John Hammer,
 
Thanks so much for the detailed report! I have gone very far
with all the data you have supplied to me, thanks so much.
 
John an interesting occurrence has taken place since the last
transmission that you sent me. I did not realize that you had
access to the NEIC Global Hypocenter Data Base that you have
on CD on your geophysics computer.
 
John it turns out that you are exactly the person I am in
need of at this point in time. I understand that you are
currently doing your own research, and that you must be very
busy. I have no such access to the type of data base that you
currently have in your geophysics lab. If had such access to
a system as such, I would not pester you with the following
request, please understand.
 
I was curious as to the coordinates that you relayed to me
on your very first transmission to me. Was the search limited
to a specific area, ie. 100 square mile area. The coordinates
and info you sent me were as follows:
 
33.1 N, 106.0 W location accurate to within 0.5 degrees.
 
Intensity: IV
 
Time: 0400utc
 
Date: December 27, 1943
 
State: New Mexico
 
Please relay the area search information in square miles, if
at all possible.
 
John I would like to make another request if possible, I
realize that you are busy, the information may be gathered at
your leisure when ever you have the chance, please.
 
Can you conduct another search with the following information
as the input for the NEIC Global Hypocenter Data Base:
 
Time Window: Nov 1943 through Feb 1944
 
Area: 100 square miles around the original coordinates
(above).
 
State: New Mexico.
 
Looking for any seismic activity of any kind in this area in
question. Hopefully you will encounter an Intensity around
the same size as above, but with the time being around noon
time (before or after), within the time window indicated, and
within the same coordinates indicated. Any and all info would
be greatly appreciated.
 
John if you can do this for me I will be forever grateful,
not that I am not for what you have already done for me!!!
 
Sincerely,
 
William Rivas
 
PS. Thanks again!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
 
Is it possible to purchase the CD and software needed to run the
NEIC Global Hypecenter Data Base?
Does it run on a IBM compatible?
From: shammon@eis.calstate.edu (Stephen Gilbert Hammond)
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
Subject: Re: ARMAGEDON?
Date: 21 Nov 92 06:24:53 GMT
Organization: Calif State Univ/Electronic Information Services

coycc@cpva.saic.com writes: > > I SAW A PROGRAM ON TV THE OTHER NIGHT THAT
DISCUSSED THE POSSIBILITY > OF A GLOBAL CATASTROPHY IN THE YEAR 2000.
ACCORDING THE PROGRAM, THE > EARTH WILL LOSE ITS EQUILIBRIUM, WHEN THE
PLANETS ALLIGN ON MAY 5th, BECAUSE > THE POLAR ICE CAPS ARE BECOMING TO
MASSIVE FOR THE EARTH TO CONTINUE ROTATING > ON THE CURRENT AXIS. I
THOUGHT IT WAS KIND OF INTERSESTING. WHAT DO YOU FOLKS > THINK?

 Being Friday night and you let me share this with you I will share a
little story that is true. In 1975 or so the world was to end at 6:32 PM
Pacific Standard Time. I got home from work at 6:25 and the guy that lived
across the street from me was sitting in his fishing boat with his kid and
his wife, food, gas, and lots of other stuff.
 As you might guess this caught my attention and I shortly found myself
standing in his drive. Next to the boat I might add and the guy told me he
was sorry but there was no room left in the boat for me. I know it was a
terrible thing to do but, I couldn't hold it in. The idea of all of them
in that boat and a giant sea wave tickled my insides until it just blurt
right out in the middle of this guy trying to console me about my impious
death.
 I laughed until I made it back across the street and in my own front door
and even to the frig from which I plucked a cold beer and toasted life
itself. Well, I lived there three years longer and until the day I moved
the man never said another word to me. And I never figured out if it was
from my laughter or the fact that he was too immersed in guilt to talk
about that wonderful evening.
 Regards, Steve Hammond
   Public Seismic Network (PSN) San Jose, California
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
From: gpowell@ent1.ent.ncsu.edu (Eugene Powell)
Subject: RE: Armagedon
Followup-To: May 5 2000 
Summary: cannot predict some future events 
Originator: gpowell@ent1.ent.ncsu.edu
Keywords: Prognosticating, gypsies, crystal balls
Organization: Dept. of Entomology - NCSU, Raleigh, NC
Date: Fri, 20 Nov 1992 20:05:30 GMT

One thing is indisputable-all predictions of Earth ending events that
have predicted the end before the date you are reading this post are
wrong. Many will try to predict the date for major death and destruction
surrounding some cosmic event, or even an earth geological event capable
of ending most life as we know it. Given the facts we have presently at
hand, enough opportunities exist for us to destroy ourselves, and some
energies exist outside our sphere that can do likewise. Knowing this
does not depress me; on the contrary, it helps me rejoice in the morning
light and look for new descriptions of ordinary everyday scenes.
I am alive.....
From: stead@skadi.CSS.GOV (Richard Stead)
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
Subject: Re: rising sea level & ocean volcanos
Date: 23 Nov 92 22:08:55 GMT

In article <1992Nov20.200300.2452@merrimack.edu>, nin15b63@merrimack.edu (THE WOLF) writes:
> I've heard it postulated that the volcanos at the bottom of the ocean are
> erupting more, just as those on our surface have been.  These eruptions are
> warming the oceans, which are warming the surface/atmosphere.  It might follow
> that the warmth would also raise sea level.  

Global warming (most likely due to increased CO2 in the atmosphere is warming
the oceans, and they are expanding (rising) a bit from this, but it is very
small.  Volcanoes are not erupting more frequently.  They are merely reported
more frequently.

> Is it conceivable, if this idea were valid, that there would be enough spewing
> of this volcanos to slightly raise sea level still more?

No.  The volume of the oceans is about 1.37 billion km^3.  A typical eruption
spews maybe 1-10 km^3 of ash and lava, clearly a drop in the bucket.

> Also, what would folks expect the overall effect of warming a portion of the
> ocean which is normally cold to be?  Add in the idea that the volcanos erupting
> on the surface should be creating cooler air.  Now consider a train headed at 50

The air will cool from SO2 in the atmosphere reflecting solar radiation,
but it will be removed from the atmosphere within a couple years and it takes
a very powerful eruption to get enough up there in the first place.
And you have to compete with the greenhouse effect.

The main effect of warmer oceans is to melt polar ice.  ocean current might
change as well.


--
Richard Stead
Center for Seismic Studies
Arlington, VA
stead@seismo.css.gov
From: jpc@ukc.ac.uk (J.P.Crossley)
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
Subject: Seismic Sensors...
Date: 20 Nov 92 10:39:57 GMT
Organization: Computing Lab, University of Kent at Canterbury, UK.

Hi,

	I wonder if any people out there could help me with a problem.
I have a final year electronics degree project to do which is a
digital seismometer. However, I have had some difficulty in getting
information on current type of sensors that are used and detail of their
construction. Bearing in mind that I have to make the sensor, could any
one give me useful hints on the type to construct (e.g. Horizontal or
vertical?). From what I gather, a horizontal component sensor would be much
easier to construct using the 'garden gate' type pendulum in order to achieve
the required resonant frequency - which is quite low (approx. 1/5s - is this
about right for my uses?)

	The seismometer simply has to detect the prescence of earthquakes
at a distance (not to calculate their location). It should be sensitive to
ground movements of approx. 100nm (is this hoping for too much?).
	Any help with the above would be greatly appreciated.

		Thanks in advance,

			Jonathan Crossley, 
				(University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, England)
From: dodson@ac.dal.ca
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
Subject: Re: rising sea level & continetal drift
Date: 16 Nov 92 18:44:12 GMT
Organization: Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada

Somebody (I accidentally erased their names) asked:
>>I have a question about the rising sea level......I'm told that the sea level
>>has risen quite a bit in the past few hundred years.  Could this rise in sea
>>level have to do with the moving continents?  Could the total amout of ocean
>>floor be decreasing?  Something like that would cause a rise in sea level.   

And someone else (again, sorry; I'm new at this) replied:
> 
> Anything on the scale of a few hundred years is far too fast for plate
> tectonics to have any effect. Global sea level changes seem to be almost
> entirely the result of the presence/absence/changing volume of the glaciers,
:Actually, Both of these processes play a role.  The current sea
:level rise is probably due to melting icecaps, but plate tectonics
:can raise sea level quite a bit, especially when a supercontinent
:just breaks apart and a new mid-oceanic ridge is created.  Ridges
:displace a huge volume of water, so when a new one comes into 
:being, it's just like stepping into a tub - the water level 
:rises.  Of course, this takes a long time, and wouldn't be
:important on a scale of hundreds of years.  Still, it's kind
:of neat, I think.
-----------------------
What disclaimer?

Replies? dodson@ac.dal.ca
From: lpzhou@vaxc.cc.monash.edu.au
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
Subject: Re: Sedimentological application
Date: 24 Nov 92 12:01:31 +1100
Followup-To: sci.geo.geology
Organization: Computer Centre, Monash University, Australia

In article <helge.nesteby-131192132555@129.241.6.92>, helge.nesteby@iku.sintef.no (Helge Nesteby) writes:
> 
> Sedimentological description application
> 
> I am looking for a geological application for describing sedimentological
> logs on a computer. The application must be able to draw a lithological
> column with grain size variation, possibilities to add sedimentological
> symbols beside the litholoical and the grain size columns, and editing of
> the lithologic patterns and sedimentological symbols 

Me too. If you have any of such information, please give me a rely to:
    Lpzhou@vaxc.cc.monash.edu.au

Many thanks inadvance.

Zhou Liping
Dept. of Geography,
Monash University, 
Australia
From: price@helios.unl.edu (Chad  Price)
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
Subject: Re: rising sea level & continetal drift
Date: 17 Nov 1992 20:45:15 GMT
Organization: University of Nebraska--Lincoln	
NNTP-Posting-Host: helios.unl.edu

jcs@zoo.bt.co.uk (John C Sager) writes:


>In <97619@netnews.upenn.edu>, jmartin@eniac.seas.upenn.edu (Jason J Martin)
>writes:

>>I have a question about the rising sea level......I'm told that the sea level
>has risen quite a bit in the past few hundred years.  Could this rise in sea
>level have to do with the moving continents?  Could the total amout of ocean
>floor be decreasing?  Something like that would cause a rise in sea level.   

>No, actually it's caused by the earth shrinking:-)

Did you say your name is Warren Carey?? :-) I could have sworn your return
address was not Australia.

--
chad
price@helios.unl.edu
cprice@molecular.unmc.edu
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
From: jh507@rollgeosc.psu.edu (John Hammer for GEOSC 507)
Subject: Re: John Hammer, ONE MORE, PLEASE!!!
Organization: Penn State University, College of Earth & Mineral Sciences
Date: Thu, 19 Nov 1992 14:48:11 GMT

Well, the search was MUCH larger than the quoted accuracy 
of the event location.  Instead of taking the time to find
the town you were asking about, I just searched the entire
and parts of the surrounding states knowing that that data
for that time period, within the limited two month time 
window, would give me very few events.

You can get the CD's from the NEIC.  The software that comes
with them is for IMB type PC's.  We still run the Hypocenter
data base searches on the PC.  All you need is the software
and CD reader.

A question to anyone who might know:

   Does anyone have UNIX based software to search or read the 
   Hypocenter Data Base?  If so, could you please point me 
   toward a source code?  We would like to be able to do 
   searches on our UNIX.

William,

I'll try to get to your other request, but it probably won't
be before next week at the earliest.  Good luck.

John Hammer
EMAIL: hammer@geosc.psu.edu  
Newsgroups: sci.geo.geology
From: William.Rivas%bbs@quake.sylmar.ca.us (William Rivas)
Date: Wed, 18 Nov 92 21:49:04 PST
Organization: Quake Public Access, San Fernando Valley, CA (818)362-6092
Subject: Thanks!
Distribution: world
Reply-To: William.Rivas%bbs@quake.sylmar.ca.us (William Rivas)
X-Posting-Software: UniBoard 1.10a S/N 210921

John Stead,
Thanks do much for the information! I captured the text for future
reference.
William Rivas