HDTenEightyP/NetNews huggingface dataset:
From: mmcohen@cats.ucsc.edu (Michael M Cohen)
Newsgroups: comp.speech
Subject: Markel & Gray errata? / FINDPK routine
Date: 18 Dec 1992 17:01:48 GMT
Organization: University of California; Santa Cruz
NNTP-Posting-Host: si.ucsc.edu


Trying to use program FINDPK (fig 7.2, Markel&Gray '76)
But I'm beginning to suspect that there are errors here.
Peaks are way off and variable NF seems useless.
Can anyone give me a pointer to a correct version
of that and the rest of the routines from the book?
Some deja vu here - think I figured this one out in '78
on a PDP-8. Perhaps someone can assist in archeology avoidence...
Cheers, MMCOhen
-- 

======================================================================
=   Dr. Michael M. Cohen                   mmcohen@dewi.ucsc.edu     = 
=   Program in Experimental Psychology     mmcohen@fuzzy.ucsc.edu    =
=   433 Clark Kerr Hall                    408-459-2655 LAB          = 
=   University of California - Santa Cruz  408-459-2700 MSGS         = 
=   Santa Cruz, CA 95064                   408-459-3519 FAX          = 
======================================================================
Newsgroups: comp.speech
From: newcomb@enews.nrl.navy.mil (Dale Newcomb)
Subject: Phoneme sound files
Keywords: 
	
	Does anyone know of where I can ftp some pre-recorded phoneme
Organization: Naval Research Lab, Washington, DC
Date: Fri, 11 Dec 1992 20:31:23 GMT

sound files? I'm looking for .aiff format but I can convert from .au
.snd, and a few other formats, so any format would be appreciated.
Thanks in advance,

-Dale
From: ted@nmsu.edu (Ted Dunning)
Subject: Re: Dynamic Programming
Reply-To: ted@nmsu.edu
Organization: Computing Research Lab
	<1992Dec11.155402.17484@eng.cam.ac.uk>
	<1992Dec13.050508.24165@bas-a.bcc.ac.uk>
Date: Wed, 16 Dec 1992 03:35:55 GMT


In article <1992Dec13.050508.24165@bas-a.bcc.ac.uk> ubacr45@ucl.ac.uk (Mr G Toal) writes:


   I've heard the phrase 'dynamic time warp' bandied around, but your
   description here of dynamic programming is what I thought was dynamic
   time warp.

dynamic time warping is a special instance of dynamic programming.

   (I'd been under the impression that dynamic programming
   was what we used to call in the seventies in AI 'memo functions')

i don't think so.

memo functions could be used to implement some forms of dynamic
programming algorithms, but they do many other things as well.

Newsgroups: comp.speech
From: a908551@tiuk.ti.com (Colin Farquhar       (0032 farq))
Subject: Christmas Visit
Reply-To: a908551@tiuk.ti.com
Organization: Texas Instruments Ltd.
Date: Tue, 15 Dec 1992 12:24:11 GMT

Iain, I lost your Email address but would like to visit the Edinburgh University
CSR when I visit Scotland over the Christmas holiday.  Please contact me via Email
to the above address.

   Regards,
     Colin.
From: hubey@pilot.njin.net (Hubey)
Newsgroups: comp.speech
Subject: Power Spectrum of s vs sh...
Date: 14 Dec 92 23:43:07 GMT
Organization: Rutgers Univ., New Brunswick, N.J.



Does anyone know of any journal articles or books that
contain information on the signal/power spectrum of
sounds like s,sh, z, zh, f, v,l m ?

Thank you very much.

PS. I've read in many places that the sounds are turbulent.
But there are papers that show that turbulence is chaotic.
In other words its power spectra doesn't show that it's
white noise. What I'd really like to know is the difference
in the spectrum between s and sh. It's reasonably clear to me
that z is s plus voicing (i.e. resonance). 
-- 

	mark	


   hubey@pilot.njin.net                   hubey@apollo.montclair.edu
 ...!rutgers!pilot!hubey                  hubey@logos.montclair.edu
From: ubacr45@ucl.ac.uk (Mr G Toal)
Newsgroups: comp.speech
Subject: Re: Dynamic Programming
Keywords: Dynamic Programming, Vitirbi, minimum cost path
Date: 13 Dec 92 05:05:08 GMT
Organization: Bloomsbury Computing Consortium, London

In article <1992Dec11.155402.17484@eng.cam.ac.uk> ajr@eng.cam.ac.uk (Tony Robinson) writes:
>ergodic Markov model".  To take away some of the jargon, I want to recognise
>a sentence as a sequence of phones.  This means allocating one phone to each
>time slot.  This could be done by generating all possible sequences,
>computing a cost for each one, and picking the one with the least cost.
>This is horrendously inefficient, and that is where dynamic programming
>comes in.  By computing an optimal cost to a partial solution, say from the
>start to time t, then to find an optimal solution to time t+1 you only have
>to look at the solutions to time t and all the possible extensions.  This is
>the best I can put it in a reasonable amount of time, but it it this
>"principle of optimality" that it is important to understand.  Dynamic
>programming makes the problem linear in time, as opposed to exponential - a
>huge win!

I've heard the phrase 'dynamic time warp' bandied around, but your
description here of dynamic programming is what I thought was dynamic
time warp.  (I'd been under the impression that dynamic programming
was what we used to call in the seventies in AI 'memo functions')

If you know about dynamic time warp too, Tony, could I persuade you
to jot down a few lines like you did for this (for which edification
I thank you, by the way.)

Graham
From: pierce@asc.slb.com (Edward Pierce)
Newsgroups: comp.speech
Subject: MacTalker ???
Followup-To: comp.speech
Date: 19 Dec 1992 02:15:05 GMT
Organization: Schlumberger
Distribution: world
NNTP-Posting-Host: asc801.asc.slb.com

Forgive me for being naive, but where can I get a utility to run on
Macintosh that will perform text-to-speech from ASCII or MS-Word files?

I remember way back when that MacInTalk used to do that.  Can anyone
point me to a version (public/free?) that will work on a PowerBook?

Thanks,
Edward
Newsgroups: comp.speech
Subject: re: Power spectrum of s vs sh...
From: nnguyen@fapse.unige.ch (NGUYEN Noel)
Date: 15 Dec 92 15:05:02 +0200
Organization: University of Geneva, Switzerland


In article 18119@pilot.njin.net, hubey@pilot.njin.net (Hubey) writes:
>
>
>Does anyone know of any journal articles or books that
>contain information on the signal/power spectrum of
>sounds like s,sh, z, zh, f, v,l m ?
>
>Thank you very much.
>
>PS. I've read in many places that the sounds are turbulent.
>But there are papers that show that turbulence is chaotic.
>In other words its power spectra doesn't show that it's
>white noise. What I'd really like to know is the difference
>in the spectrum between s and sh. It's reasonably clear to me
>that z is s plus voicing (i.e. resonance). 
>-- 
>
>	mark	
>
>
>   hubey@pilot.njin.net                   hubey@apollo.montclair.edu
> ...!rutgers!pilot!hubey                  hubey@logos.montclair.edu


Here are some references that might help you:
Badin, P. (1991). "Fricative consonants: acoustic and X-ray measurements," 
Journal of Phonetics 19, 397-408.
Forrest, K., Weismer, G., Milenkovic, P., and Dougall, R.N. (1988). "Statistical
analysis of word-initial voiceless obstruents: preliminary data," J. Acoust. Soc. Am.
84, 115-123.
Heinz, J.M., and Stevens, K.N. (1961). "On the properties of voiceless fricative
consonants," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 33, 589-596.
Hixon, T.J. (1966). "Turbulent noise sources for speech," Folia Phoniatrica 18,
168-182.
Hoole, P., Nguyen, N., and Hardcastle, W.J. 1992. "A comparative investigation of
coarticulation in fricatives: electropalatographic, electromagnetic and acoustic
data," Language & Speech 36 (1/2) (in press).
Hoole, P., Ziegler, W., Hartmann, E., and Hardcastle, W. (1989). "Parallel 
electropalatographic and acoustic measures of fricatives," Clinical Linguistics and 
Phonetics 3, 59-69.
Hughes, G., and Halle, M. (1956). "Spectral properties of fricative consonants," 
J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 28, 303-310.
Nguyen, N., Hoole, P., and Marchal, A. (1992). "Predicting the spectral shapes of 
/s/ and /S/ from a limited set of articulatory measurements", submitted.
Scully, C., Castelli, E., Brearley, E., and Shirt, M. (1992). "Analysis and simulation 
of a speaker's aerodynamic and acoustic patterns for fricatives," Journal of Phonetics 
20, 39-51.
Shadle, C.H. (1990). "Articulatory-acoustic relationships in fricative consonants," in 
Speech Production and Speech Modelling, edited by W.J. Hardcastle and A. Marchal 
(Kluwer, Dordrecht), pp.187-209.
Soli, S. (1981). "Second formants in fricatives: acoustic consequences of fricative-vowel 
coarticulation," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 70, 976-984.
Tomiak, G.R. (1990). "An evaluation of a spectral moments metric with voiceless fricative 
obstruents," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 87, Suppl. 1, RR19.

Noel Nguyen
laboratory of psycholinguistics
faculty of psychology
University of Geneva
e-mail: nnguyen@fapse.unige.ch
Newsgroups: comp.speech
From: gregor@kafka.saic.com (gregg hanna)
Subject: Re: Phoneme sound files
Keywords: phoneme speech
Reply-To: gregor@kafka.saic.com
Organization: Science Applications International Corporation
Date: Sat, 12 Dec 1992 23:36:31 GMT

In article <Bz43oC.B10@ra.nrl.navy.mil>, newcomb@enews.nrl.navy.mil (Dale Newcomb) writes:
|> sound files? I'm looking for .aiff format but I can convert from .au
|> .snd, and a few other formats, so any format would be appreciated.

The following sites have such files available by anonymous ftp
in .au format:

	athena.sdsu.edu:/.1/phonemes
	phloem.uoregon.edu:/pub/Sun4/lib/phonemes
	sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/sun-sounds/phonemes

                                         gregg hanna
                                         gregor@kafka.saic.com
Newsgroups: comp.periphs,comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware,comp.os.linux
From: darrylo@hpsrdmo.sr.hp.com (Darryl Okahata)
Subject: Re: DMA on PC motherboards
Date: Fri, 11 Dec 1992 18:35:23 GMT
Reply-To: darrylo@sr.hp.com
Organization: Hewlett-Packard / Center for Primal Scream Therapy
X-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.1 PL8]
Followup-To: comp.periphs,comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware,comp.os.linux

Bohdan Tashchuk (zeke@fasttech.com) wrote:

> To a first approximation, you get what you pay for. If you buy the cheapest
> Tiawanese clone you can find, you deserve to have it fail bus mastering.

     I don't know if using cheap motherboards is the problem, but I
agree with the above quote.  I've been using a high-quality (read:
expensive) AMI motherboard -- where the ENTIRE motherboard, and not the
just BIOS, is made by AMI -- and I haven't had any DMA hardware problems
with my Adaptec 1542A.  I have had problems when multiple DMA bus
masters try to access the bus (causes memory refresh starvation,
resulting in parity errors), but this is a problem with the PC
architecture.

     -- Darryl Okahata
	Internet: darrylo@sr.hp.com

DISCLAIMER: this message is the author's personal opinion and does not
constitute the support, opinion or policy of Hewlett-Packard or of the
little green men that have been following him all day.
Newsgroups: comp.periphs
From: dold@unislc.uucp (Clarence Dold)
Subject: Re: Everex phone #
Organization: Unisys Corporation SLC
Distribution: usa
Date: Mon, 14 Dec 1992 23:23:42 GMT

From article <1992Dec14.193410.1098@porthos.cc.bellcore.com>, by marz@czar.bellcore.com (Martin Zam):
> Subject line says it all.
> I need to get in touch with their tech support.

Voice:  510-498-4411
BBS:	510-226-9694 (1200-9600V.42bis)
-- 
---
Clarence A Dold - dold@unislc.slc.Unisys.COM
               ...pyramid!ctnews!tsmiti!dold
Newsgroups: comp.periphs,comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware,comp.os.linux
From: chiu@alumni.berkeley.edu
Subject: Re: DMA on PC motherboards
Summary: READ, not just scan
Originator: chiu@alumni
Organization: University of California Society of Electrical Engineers
Date: Fri, 11 Dec 1992 19:08:10 GMT

In article <1992Dec11.051823.3702@fasttech.com> zeke@fasttech.com (Bohdan Tashchuk) writes:
>In <1992Dec8.175242.11901@pasteur.Berkeley.EDU> chiu@alumni.berkeley.edu (David Chiu) writes:

>>"Most chipsets (and thus MBs) on the market today can barely do bus mastering
>> properly (for ISA based machines)... Opti *HAD* a good chip set earlier but
>> their new chipset isn't better than any other chipsets"

>To a first approximation, you get what you pay for. If you buy the cheapest
>Tiawanese clone you can find, you deserve to have it fail bus mastering.

Ah. But isn't it true that most of the stuff on the market TODAY are  cheap
Taiwanese clones?

>I've been running an Adaptec 1540A in a clone 20 MHz 386 for four years.
>It works very reliably. Motherboards from the "first tier" cloners work.

Of course, your mother board is based on a chip set at least four years old.
Go back and read my post again. I said "TODAY", not four years ago.
From: sut@eccles.dsbc.icl.co.uk (Secure Unix Team KID01)
Newsgroups: comp.periphs
Subject: PC Monitor
Date: 14 Dec 92 13:16:46 GMT
Organization: ICL Bracknell, UK

I have a monitor that I've been using quite happily with my amiga for some
time, its a Philips CM8833, I now have a PC box and want to use it with the 
monitor, the monitor has various sockets but I'm trying to connect the 
scart lead, I've got connections for RGB and RGB ground but the PC has
horiz and vertical sync whereas scart only mentions composite amongst
other things, I joined both the hor and vert to the monitors composite
socket and you can read the stuff but it scrolls vertically, is there a
way to convert from horiz and vert to comp or is my soldering up the creek
.
Thanks
calvin
From: edhall@rand.org (Ed Hall)
Newsgroups: comp.periphs
Subject: Re: DMA on PC motherboards
Date: 13 Dec 92 20:21:05 GMT
Organization: RAND

In article <24370@galaxy.ucr.edu> insom@galaxy.ucr.edu (Chris Ulrich) writes:
>
>  I have been using a 1542A at the 8mhz dma speed with no problems
>at all.  It has an eteq chip set, and is a 40mhz 386.
>  I get tired of these absurd jinggoistic accusations about cheap
>"imported" clones.  I have had more problems with propritary 
>modifications to a standard to get more "performance" out of a 
>system at the cost of making the bloody system impossible to fix 
>or upgrade.  Systems from the tiawaneese clone venders are as good 
>or bad as any other system you might buy.

Who said anything about "imported" clones?  A few years back one of
the motherboards known to have problems with bus-master cards was
made by a well-known American manufacturer.  (They've since cleared
up the problem, so I don't want to prejudice anybody by naming them.)

The issue here is between getting a product known to work, and one
which is cheaper but unknown.  If you can find an inexpensive MB
which is known to be reliable, by all means, get it.

>  My advice?  Take the card to the store you are going to buy from,
>and try using it.  If they dont let you, take your money elsewhere.

"Try before you buy" is generally sage advice.  But there is a catch:
people tend to build their systems piece-by-piece, and often wind up
adding cards to their system that didn't even exist when they bought
it (for example, the problems some folks are having with the Gravis
UltraSound and certain OPTI-chipset motherboards).

In my case, I didn't have a bus-mastering disk controller or DMA-based
audio card before I bought my motherboard, although I planned to get
them.  So I bought a well-known, conservatively-designed MB to save
myself future grief.  And it happened to be from an American company.
Since then, I've added these devices (and a few other odd-ball cards)
and had zero trouble.  If I had already had these cards, it would have
made sense to get a cheaper MB with a money-back guarantee.  Instead, I
paid a bit more and got the use of the faster CPU while I saved for the
other components, (relatively) confident that they would work when I
finally added them.

Your situation may be different.  Or you might feel differently about
the risks involved.  I don't see anything to get quite so upset about,
however.

		-Ed Hall
		edhall@rand.org
Newsgroups: comp.periphs
From: ishwar@sol.cs.wmich.edu (Ishwar Rattan)
Subject: NE2100 ethernet card
Followup-To: ishwar@cs.wmich.edu
Keywords: ethernet card, pc, NE2100
Organization: Western Michigan Univ. Comp. Sci. Dept.
Date: Tue, 15 Dec 1992 20:09:27 GMT

i have two questions for the pc-peripheral experts:

1. i have seen this card mentioned (i assume that it is a 16-bit
   ehernet card) but have not been able to find any info on it
   (manufacturer/vendor/price or otherwise). it is supposed to be
   more stable than WD8013?

2. i have seen ads for NE1000 and NE2000 in computer shopper etc.
   is the above card from the same family? what does NE prefix
   stand for?

please reply by e-mail and thanks in advance.
- ishwar
Xref: sparky comp.periphs:1678 comp.sources.wanted:5379 alt.sources.wanted:1890 comp.misc:4598 comp.periphs.scsi:6073
From: news@mgse.UUCP (News Administator)
Newsgroups: comp.periphs,comp.sources.wanted,alt.sources.wanted,comp.misc,comp.periphs.scsi
Subject: SCSI archive files
Date: 15 Dec 92 06:00:01 GMT
Followup-To: comp.periphs
Distribution: world
Organization: mgse


Last Changed:	Thu Sep 24 23:31:09 CDT 1992 (New BBS Phone number)

This is a periodic posting of information about some of the archives at
ftp.cs.tulane.edu and the available files from the SCSI-BBS, including
SCSI, ESDI, IPI, and Fiber Channel documents from the standards committees.

These files are available for FTP from ftp.cs.tulane.edu in the directory
pub/scsi. Files are stored in file areas as they are found in the BBS with
each area having a file named 'files.bbs' that tells what each file is. The
file pub/scsi/index.Z list each file area, it's descriptions and it's files.

Thanks to John Lohmeyer of NCR, a majority of the SCSI related files from the
SCSI BBS are now available for anonymous ftp. These files were sent to me by
Mr. Lohmeyer at his expense so that more people would have access to them.
The SCSI BBS (719-574-0424) contains a large amount of data relating to SCSI,
and ESDI as well as SCSI-2, IPI, and Fiber Channel, as well as the last
revision of the SCSI-1 standard before it went to publication by ANSI.

Most of the files in the SCSI archive are either archived with the ZIP utility
or compressed with the 'compress' program. Most of the text files are stored
as Wordstar word processing files. PKzip for PC/MS-DOS is included in the 
archive to allow users to break up the .ZIP files, and the PC/MS-DOS binaries
and .C source are also in the archive to convert the Wordstar documents to
ASCII text.

---
Mark Seiffert,  Metairie, LA.
uucp:           rex.cs.tulane.edu!mgse!marks or rex!mgse!marks
bitnet:         marks%mgse@REX.CS.TULANE.EDU
internet:       marks%mgse@rex.cs.tulane.edu or marks@mgse.UUCP

Xref: sparky comp.periphs:1656 comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware:32871 comp.os.linux:20003
From: chrisg@strobe.ATC.Olivetti.Com (Chris Granitz)
Newsgroups: comp.periphs,comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware,comp.os.linux
Subject: Re: DMA on PC motherboards
Date: 12 Dec 92 00:07:50 GMT
Followup-To: comp.periphs
Organization: Olivetti ATC; Cupertino CA, USA

In article <Bz45v7.3zx@srgenprp.sr.hp.com> darrylo@sr.hp.com writes:
>Ed Hall (edhall@rand.org) wrote:
>
>> In article <Bz3yB0.MC8@srgenprp.sr.hp.com> you write:
>> >     I don't know if using cheap motherboards is the problem, but I

.....Stuff about memory refresh problem. 

>> You can increase the BUSOFF time on the 1542 to reduce the chance of
>> refresh starvation when you have more than one of them.
>
>     Yup, that's the fix that I used.  In my case, though, it wasn't
>     -- Darryl Okahata
>	Internet: darrylo@sr.hp.com

     Does anyone know if this type of problem (DMA use and memory refresh
problems) can be fixed using the "Hidden Refresh" option available on some
boards with AMI BIOS. I have Hidden Refresh turned ON (refresh is hidden from
the CPU) for my OPTi 386-40 motherboard. Do you think that if one were to
turn this option OFF, the DMA/Refresh problems would disappear ?

     --Chris Granitz  chrisg@verdi


Xref: sparky comp.periphs:1672 comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware:33087 comp.os.linux:20364
From: berger@atropa (Mike Berger)
Newsgroups: comp.periphs,comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware,comp.os.linux
Subject: Re: DMA on PC motherboards
Date: 14 Dec 92 17:35:35 GMT
Article-I.D.: news.Bz9FJE.5tD
Organization: University of Illinois at Urbana

chiu@alumni.berkeley.edu writes:
>In article <1992Dec11.051823.3702@fasttech.com> zeke@fasttech.com (Bohdan Tashchuk) writes:
>>In <1992Dec8.175242.11901@pasteur.Berkeley.EDU> chiu@alumni.berkeley.edu (David Chiu) writes:
>>>"Most chipsets (and thus MBs) on the market today can barely do bus mastering
>>> properly (for ISA based machines)... Opti *HAD* a good chip set earlier but
>>> their new chipset isn't better than any other chipsets"

>>To a first approximation, you get what you pay for. If you buy the cheapest
>>Tiawanese clone you can find, you deserve to have it fail bus mastering.

>Ah. But isn't it true that most of the stuff on the market TODAY are  cheap
>Taiwanese clones?

>Of course, your mother board is based on a chip set at least four years old.
>Go back and read my post again. I said "TODAY", not four years ago.
*----
Would you like to be more specific about your experiences?  The newest
CPU boards that I've seen have all been compatible with the Adaptec 1542B
without any problems, and I use a wide variety of completely generic
boards with various chipsets.  Some of them even have the BIOS chips
soldered in place - a practice I object to, but realistically, probably
increases reliability when the BIOS code is mature.  DMA is built into
most of the LSI chipsets, so it ought to be easy for you to pinpoint
the ones that have problems.



--
	Mike Berger
	Internet    berger@atropa.stat.uiuc.edu
From: v923137@vms.ucc.okstate.edu
Newsgroups: comp.periphs
Subject: Help! How to comm. w/Colorado tape??
Date: 12 Dec 92 23:11:36 GMT
Article-I.D.: vms.1992Dec12.171136.1
Organization: Oklahoma State University Computer Center


I am wanting to write a shareware utility to give a dump of files/directories
on a tape, allow for searching of a file/dir on tape, and be able create
a "master-list" of all files/directories on many tapes.

I am looking for information/source code that shows how to communicate with
tape drives compatible with the Colorado DJ-10/20 (120MB/250MB) QIC-40 and
QIC-80 type of tape drives.  I have a program called TAPEDUMP.EXE that
does something similar to the type of program I want to write, but it
only dumps the first volume of each tape.  The entire .EXE file is only
17K, so I know there can't be too much to communicating with the drive.

Any help would be welcomed,

Jason Worley
Newsgroups: comp.periphs
From: darrylo@hpsrdmo.sr.hp.com (Darryl Okahata)
Subject: Re: DMA on PC motherboards
Date: Sat, 12 Dec 1992 01:25:29 GMT
Reply-To: darrylo@sr.hp.com
Organization: Center for Primal Scream Therapy
X-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.1 PL8]

Chris Granitz (chrisg@strobe.ATC.Olivetti.Com) wrote:

>      Does anyone know if this type of problem (DMA use and memory refresh
> problems) can be fixed using the "Hidden Refresh" option available on some
> boards with AMI BIOS. I have Hidden Refresh turned ON (refresh is hidden from
> the CPU) for my OPTi 386-40 motherboard. Do you think that if one were to
> turn this option OFF, the DMA/Refresh problems would disappear ?

     I believe so.  However, there may be restrictions on whether or not
you can take advantage of hidden refresh, assuming that your motherboard
even supports it.  My motherboard supports it, but only if both memory
banks are used.  As I'm only using one bank (with sixteen MB), I can't
turn it on, even though my motherboard supports it.  I'd have to add
another 16MB of RAM to turn it on, and I can't afford this.

     -- Darryl Okahata
	Internet: darrylo@sr.hp.com

DISCLAIMER: this message is the author's personal opinion and does not
constitute the support, opinion or policy of Hewlett-Packard or of the
little green men that have been following him all day.
Newsgroups: comp.periphs