From: gary@ke4zv.uucp (Gary Coffman)
Subject: Re: Electromagnetic Radiation
Reply-To: gary@ke4zv.UUCP (Gary Coffman)
Organization: Gannett Technologies Group
Date: Fri, 13 Nov 1992 05:11:20 GMT

In article <1992Nov6.104849.648@ab.wvnet.edu> powell@ab.wvnet.edu writes:
>I have a question that is open to anyone who can direct me to any 
>studies that have linked electromagnetic radiation, or specifically
>radio frequency radiation to damage to the environment in general or
>to an individual's health.

Let me first caution that correlation doesn't necessarily imply
causality, and that some of these studies have later been shown
to have employed faulty methodology. With that caveat, here are
some papers on bio-effects of EM radiation.

W.R. Adey,		"Tissue Interactions with Nonionizing Electromagnetic
			 Fields," Physiology Review, 1981; 61:435-514

W.R. Adey,		"Cell Membranes; The Electromagnetic Environment and
			Cancer Promotion," Neurochemical Research, 1988, 
			13:671-677

R.F. Cleveland et al,  "Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) in Models of the
			Human Head Exposed to Handheld UHF Portable Radios,"
			Bioelectromagnetics, 1989; 10:173-186

R.L. Davis, S. Milham, "Altered Immune Status in Aluminum Reduction Plant
			Workers," American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 
			1990; 131:763-769

F.C. Garland et al,	"Incidence of Leukemia in Occupations with Potential
			Electromagnetic Field Exposure in US Navy Personnel,"
			American Journal Epidemiology, 1990; 132:293-303

C.C. Johnson, M.R. Spitz, "Childhood Nervous System Tumours: An Assessment
			of Risk Associated with Paternal Occupations Involving
			Use, Repair or Manufacture of Electrical and Electronic
			Equipment," International Journal Epidemiology, 1989;
			18:756-762

D.B. Lyle et al,	"Suppression of T-Lymphocyte Cytotoxicity Following
			Exposure to Sinusoidally Amplitude Modulated Fields,"
			Bioelectromagnetics, 1983; 4:281-292

D.I. McRee, 		A Technical Review of the Biological Effects of Non-
			Ionizing Radiation, Office of Science and Technology
			Policy, Washington, DC, 1978

S. Milham, 		"Mortality from Leukemia in Workers Exposed to 
			Electromagnetic Fields," New England J Medicine, 
			1982; 307:249

D.A. Savitz et al 	"Magnetic Field Exposure from Electric Appliances and
			Childhood Cancer," American Journal Epidemiology, 1990;
			131:763-773

R.J. Spiegel,		"The Thermal Response of a Human in the Near-Zone of a
			Resonant Thin-Wire Antenna," IEEE Transactions on 
			Microwave Theory and Technology, Feb 1982 pp 177-185


And finally, the Federal Exposure Standard.

"Safety Levels with Respect to Human Exposure to Radio Frequency
Electromagnetic Fields (300 kHz to 100 GHz)," ANSI C95.1-1991

The general consensus in the field is that there is a slightly increased
risk of leukemia associated with prolonged exposure of workers involved with
the production of low level EM fields. There is considerable controversy
over whether that is the result of the fields themselves or of the chemicals
associated with the electrical industry. There is no controversy that *high*
level EM fields cause direct damaging thermal effects to the human body.
Adherence to the ANSI standard is strongly urged for all electrical workers.

Gary
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