Newsgroups: bit.listserv.c18-l
Date:         Mon, 27 Jul 1992 10:16:28 EDT
From:         BCJ@PSUVM.BITNET
Subject:      Kalendar: July 27-August 3

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*                                                                   *
*             THE KALENDAR - REASONS TO CELEBRATE                   *
*                                                                   *
*             Compiled for C18-L by Kevin Berland                   *
*                       BCJ@PSUVM.BITNET                            *
*                       BCJ@psuvm.psu.edu                           *
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                           JULY 27

     BIRTHDAYS:  Marie Anne Charlotte Corday d'Armont, French
patriot & assassin of Jean Paul Marat (1768-93);

     LATER BIRTHDAYS OF INTEREST:  Thomas Campbell,
Scottish poet, biographer of Coleridge (1777-1844) -- reputedly
Campbell once at an authors' dinner proposed a toast  to Napoleon
(after he'd sentenced German publisher to death for printing
seditious tracts), and when his friends protested, Campbell
explained, "But gentlemen, he once shot a publisher!";  Sir George
Biddell Airy, English mathematician, physicist, discover of
principles underlying study of astigmatism (1801-92);  Alexandre
Dumas (fils), French novelist, author of La Dame aux Camelias
(1824-95);  Giosue Carducci, Italian poet, 1906 Nobel Laureate
(1835-1907);  George Foster Peabody, U.S. banker, philanthropist,
founder of Yale's Peabody Museum of Science & Natural History
(1852-1938);  Sir Ernest Alfred Wallis Budge, English orientalist,
archaeologist, keeper of Egyptian & Assyrian antiquities at the
British Museum (1857-1934);  Joseph-Pierre Hilaire Belloc,
French-born English writer (1870-1953);  Leo Durocher, U.S.
baseball player & manager (1906);  Igor Markevich, Russian-born
Swiss conductor (1912);  Keenan Wynn, U.S. actor (1916);  Norman
Lear, U.S. television producer (1922)

     ON THIS DAY IN HISTORY:  in 1689, Scottish Jacobites were
defeated at Killicrankie; in 1694, the Bank of England was
chartered.

MISCELLANEA:  Cuba continues celebrating its national holiday;
the Maldives are on the 2nd day of theirs, too; Puerto Rico
celebrates the birthday of patriot Jose Barbosa (1857); today is the
Feast of St. Pantaleon, patron of doctors & midwives.  On this day
in 1946, Gertrude Stein's last words to Alice B. Toklas -- "What is
the answer?" met with no reply, and Stein then said, "In that case,
what is the question?"

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                                JULY 28

     BIRTHDAYS:

     LATER BIRTHDAYS OF INTEREST:  Ludwig Andreas
Feuerbach, German philosopher of naturalistic materialism (1804-
72);  Jozef Ignacy Kraszewski, prolific Polish novelist, poet, critic,
historian (1812-87);  Charles Franklin Dunbar, U.S. economist, 1st
Harvard professor of political economics (1830-1900);  Gerard
Manley Hopkins, British poet, Jesuit priest (1844-89);  Ballington
Booth, U.S. reformer, son of Salvation Army founder William,
founder of Volunteers of America (1859-1940);  Beatrix Potter,
English author and illustrator of children's books, creator of Peter
Rabbit (1866-1943);  Marcel Duchamp, French-U.S. painter, one of
the founders of Dadaism (1887-1968);  Joe. E. Brown, U.S.
comedian (1892-73);  Hubert Prior "Rudy" Vallee, U.S. entertainer,
prototypical crooner (1901);  Kenneth Fearing, U.S. poet, novelist
(1902-61);  Malcolm Lowry, English novelist (1909);  Jacqueline
Bouvier Kennedy Onassis (1929);  Peter Duchin, U.S. pianist &
band-leader & son of Eddy (1937);  William Warren "Bill" Bradley,
U.S. ex-basketball-player, politician (1943);

     DEATHS:  Abraham Cowley (1667);

     ON THIS DAY IN HISTORY:  in 1637 colonial forces from
Plymouth, Massachusetts, and Connecticut destroyed the last of the
Pequot Indians near New Haven;  in 1794 Robespierre & 71 other
Reign of Terror revolutionaries were guillotined; in 1814 Percy
Bysshe Shelley eloped to France with Mary Wollstonecraft.

     MISCELLANEA:  Today Peru celebrates Independence Day,
commemorating their separation from Spain under the leadership
of Jose de San Martin (1821); on this day in 1868 the 14th
Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was ratified, granting
citizenship to the country's blacks.

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                               JULY 29

     BIRTHDAYS:

     LATER BIRTHDAYS OF INTEREST:  Jan Kollar, Hungarian-
born Slovak poet (1793-1852);  Christian Winther, Danish epic
poet, author of Hjortens Flught (1796-1876);  Alexis de
Tocqueville, French writer, author of La Democratie en Amerique
(1805-59);  Clement Laird Vallandigham, U.S. politician, leader of
"Peace Democrats" or Copper-heads, opponent of Lincoln (1820-
71);  Booth Tarkington, U.S. novelist & short-story writer, author of
The Magnificent Ambersons, Alice Adams, Penrod (1869-1946);
Charles William Beebe, U.S. naturalist & oceanographer,
coinventor of the deep-sea-visiting bathysphere (1877-1942);
Benito Mussolini, Italian fascist, dictator (1883-1945);  Sigmund
Romberg, prolific U.S. songwriter & composer of 2000+ songs, 80
scores including The Student Prince, which exercised an
inexplicable fascination on your editor when he was around 10
years old (1887-1951);  William Powell, U.S. actor (1892-1984);
Clark M. Eichelberger, U.S. diplomat, League of Nations man
(1896-1980);  Eyvind Johnson, Swedish novelist, 1974 Nobel
Laureate (1900);  Dag Hammarskjold, Swedish political scientist,
diplomat, U.N. Secretary-General, 1961 Nobel Peace Prize (1905-
61);  Melvin Belli, U.S. lawyer (1907);  Marcel Bich, Italian-born
French/U.S. manufacturer of the Bic pen (1914);  Edwin O'Connor,
U.S. novelist, author of The Last Hurrah (1918-68);  Paul Taylor,
U.S. choreographer (1930);

     ON THIS DAY IN HISTORY:  in 1565 Mary, Queen of Scots,
married her cousin Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley -- not a good idea;
in 1805 Alexandre Dumas (pere), accompanying the mob looting
the Tuileries,  was flattered to find a copy of his novel Christine in
the royal apartments, and claims the book as booty.

     MISCELLANEA:  Peru's still celebrating its independence.
Today is the feast of St. Martha, sister of Mary & Lazarus, patron
of laundresses, housewives, cooks, hotel-keepers, & those who
serve the needy.  On this day in 1981, Charles, Prince of Wales,
married Lady Diana Spencer in St. Paul's, London.

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                              JULY 30

     BIRTHDAYS:  Giorgio Vasari, Italian painter, architect, art
historian (1511-74);

     LATER BIRTHDAYS OF INTEREST:  Emily Jane Bronte, aka
Ellis Bell, English novelist & poet, author of Wuthering Heights
(1818-48);  Richard Burdon Haldane, Viscount Haldane of Cluon,
British statesman & author (1856-1928);  Thorstein Veblen, U.S.
sociologist who described the modern phenomenon of
conspicuous consumption, author of Theory of the Leisure Class
(1857-1919);  Henry Ford, U.S. industrialist, car-maker, innovator in
mass-production (1863-1947);  Lavrenti Georgievich Kornilov,
Russian revolutionary general (1870-1918);  Robert Rutherford
"Colonel" McCormick, U.S. newspaper editor & publisher of
Chicago Tribune, builder of the world's greatest Newspaper
Gothick skyscraper (1880-1955);  Vladimir Kosma Zworykin,
Russian-born U.S. engineer, inventor of the iconoscope, Father of
Television (1889-1982);  Charles Dillon "Casey" Stengel, U.S.
baseball player, manager, philosopher (1891-1975);  Henry Moore,
English sculptor (1898);  Peter Bogdanovich, U.S. film director
(1939);  Paul Anka, Canadian singer & songwriter (1941);

     DEATHS:  Thomas Gray (1771); Joyce Kilmer (1918);

     ON THIS DAY IN HISTORY:  in 1618 the House of Burgesses
met at Jamestown, Virginia, the 1st legislative assembly in what
became the U.S.;

     MISCELLANEA:  Today in Independence Day in Vanuatu,
formerly the New Hebrides, who gained independence from
France & England in 1980.  On this day in 1974, the U.S. House
Judiciary Committee voted 3 articles of impeachment against then
president Richard Nixon.

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                               JULY 31

     BIRTHDAYS:  James Kent, U.S. jurist, legal writer,  in 1793 1st
professor of law at Columbia College (1763-1847);

     LATER BIRTHDAYS OF INTEREST:  John Ericsson, Swedish-
born U.S. engineer, inventor of the screw-propellor & designer of
the armored Civil-War ship Monitor (1803-89);  Amos Adams
Lawrence, U.S. textile merchant, abolitionist, philanthropist,
benefactor of Wisconsin's Lawrence University & the college at
Lawrence, Kansas, that later became the University of Kansas
(1814-86);  Abram Stevens Hewitt, U.S. manufacturer, builder of 1st
open-hearth smelting furnace, philanthropist, mayor of New York
(1822-1903);  Elena "Madame" Blavatsky, Russian theosophist
(1831);  Peter Rosegger, Austrian poet & novelist (1843);
Theobald Smith, U.S. physician, pathologist, 1st to demonstrate that
parasites acted as vectors of disease (1859-1934);  Antoine Marie-
Roger de Saint-Exupery, French aviator, author of Vol de Nuit,
Wind Sand and Stars, The Little Prince (1900-1944?);  Milton
Friedman, U.S. conservative economist, 1976 Nobel prize in
Economics (1912);  Whitney Moore Young, Jr., African-American
civil rights leader (1921);  Geraldine Chaplin, U.S. actress,
daughter of Charlie & Oona, granddaughter of Eugene O'Neill
(1944);  Evonne Goolagong, Australian tennis champion (1951);

     DEATHS:  William T. Lowndes, English bibliographer (1843);

     ON THIS DAY IN HISTORY:  in 1559 the University of Lille was
chartered by papal bull;  in 1731 Daniel Defoe stood in the pillory
at Temple Bar, London for writing The Shortest Way With
Dissenters, where he was pelted with flowers instead of the
traditional elderly fruit & vegetables;  in 1790 the U.S. Patent
Office opened & issued its 1st patent to Samuel Hopkins of
Vermont for a new method of making potash & pearlash.

     MISCELLANEA:  It's Revolution Day in Congo.  Today is the
feast of St. Ignatius of Loyola, founder of the Society of Jesus.  On
this day in 1877 Thomas Edison patented the phonograph,  and in
1897 Guglielmo Marconi patented the wireless telegraph.

***************************************************

                               AUGUST 1

     BIRTHDAYS:  Tiberius Claudius Drusus Nero Germanicus,
Emperor of Rome, TV star (10 B.C.E.-54 C.E.);  Jean Baptiste
Pierre Antoine de Monet, Chevalier de Lamarck, French
naturalist, protoevolutionist, 1st to classify animals as vertebrates &
invertebrates (1749-1829);  William Clark, U.S. explorer with
Meriwether Lewis (1770-1838);

     LATER BIRTHDAYS OF INTEREST:  Francis Scott Key, U.S.
lawyer, poet, author of verses "The Star-Spangled Banner" which
later became the U.S. national anthem (1779-1843);  Richard Henry
Dana, Jr., U.S. lawyer, novelist (1715-82);  Maria Mitchell, U.S.
astronomer, comet-discoverer, Vassar professor, 1st women
member of American Academy of Arts & Sciences (1818-89);
Herman Melville, U.S. novelist, author of Moby Dick (1819-91);
Robert Todd Lincoln, U.S. lawyer, diplomat, eldest son of
Abraham (1843-1926);  Gaston Doumergue, French statesman,
President (1863-1937);  Georg Hevesy, Hungarian chemist (1885-
1966);  Christopher Murray Grieve, better known as Hugh
Macdiarmid, Scottish poet (1892);  Joseph Herman Hirshhorn, U.S.
financier, art collector, museum-builder-and-donator (1899-1981);
Yves Mathieu St. Laurent, French fashion designer;  Giancarlo
Giannini, Italian actor (1942);

     ON THIS DAY IN HISTORY:  in 1714 Queen Anne of England
died & was succeeded by George Lewis, Elector of Hanover, who
ruled as George I;  in 1798 British Admiral Horatio Nelson
destroyed Napoleon's French fleet at Abukir, Egypt; in 1869;

     MISCELLANEA:  Switzerland celebrates their National Day,
commemorating the Confederation of 1291.  In Zaire it's Parents'
Day.  In England it's Lammas Day -- according to medieval
tradition, on this day the 1st bread made from this year's wheat is
traditionally blessed, apparently commemorating the deliverance
of St. Peter from a Roman prison (St. Peter ad vincula).

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                               AUGUST 2

     BIRTHDAYS:  Pierre Charles L'Enfant, French engineer,
architect, urban designer, planner of Washington, D.C. (1754-
1825);

     LATER BIRTHDAYS OF INTEREST:  John Tyndall, British
physicist & thermodynamics expert who discovered why the sky is
blue [dust particles in the atmosphere] (1820-93);  Edward Augustus
Freeman, English historian (1823-92);  Elisha Gray, U.S. inventor,
filed for telephone patent a few hours after Bell (1835-1901);
Francis Marion Crawford, Italian-born U.S. novelist (1854-1909);
Irving Babbitt, U.S. author, cofounder of neo-humanist movement
(1865-1933);  Constantine I, King of Greece (1868-1923);  John
French Sloan, U.S. artist of the Ashcan school (1871-1951);  John
Kieran, U.S. journalist (1892-1981);  Jack Warner, U.S. film
executive, brother (1892-1978);  Helen Morgan, U.S. singer,
actress (1900-41);  Myrna Williams, better known as Myrna Loy,
U.S. actress (1905);  Lonnie Coleman, U.S. novelist (1920);  James
Baldwin, African-American short-story writer & novelist (1924-90);
Peter Seamus O'Toole, Irish actor (1932);

     ON THIS DAY IN HISTORY:  in 1869,George Eliot began
writing Middlemarch.

     MISCELLANEA:  Today Costa Rica celebrates the Feast of Our
Lady of the Angels, while across the Caribbean a whole bunch of
islands celebrate their emancipation from Great Britain, including
St. Lucia, St. Vincent, Turks & Caicos Islands.

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                                AUGUST 3

     BIRTHDAYS:  James Wyatt, English Gothic revival architect
(1756-1813);  Frederick William III, King of Prussia (1770-1840);

     LATER BIRTHDAYS OF INTEREST:  Sir Joseph Paxton,
English horticulturist & architect, designer of the Crystal Palace
(1801-65);  Elisha Graves Otis, U.S. inventor of 1st safe passenger
elevator (1811-61);  Stanley Baldwin, 1st Earl Baldwin, British
statesman, PM (1867-1947);  Haakon VII, King of Norway (1872-
1957);  Rupert Brooke, English poet (1887-1915);  Ernie Pyle, U.S.
journalist (1900-45);  Stefan Cardinal Wysznski, Primate of Poland
(1801);  Habib Bourguiba, 1st President of Tunisia (1903);  Dolores
del Rio (Mexican-born U.S. actress, 1905-83);  George Sanders,
Russian-born U.S. actor (1906-72);  P.D. James, English mystery
writer (1920);  Leon Uris, U.S. novelist (1924);  Anthony Benedetto,
better known as Tony Bennett, U.S. singer (1926);

     DEATHS:  Joseph Conrad (1924);  Colette (1954);

     ON THIS DAY IN HISTORY:  in 1492 Columbus left Spain
aboard the Santa Maria.

     MISCELLANEA:  Equatorial Guinea celebrates Armed Forces
Day, Guinea-Bissau observes Martyrs of Colonialism Day, Niger
celebrates Independence Day (1960), and Tunisia celebrates
President Bourguiba's birthday.  On this day in 1880 the American
Canoe Association was chartered at Lake George, New York; in
1916 Irish patriot Sir Roger Casement was hanged in London.