From: walsh@cs.umass.edu (Norman Walsh)
Newsgroups: comp.fonts
Subject: FAQ: Part-II: Macintosh Info
Date: 4 Sep 92 19:33:15 GMT
Reply-To: walsh@cs.umass.edu
Organization: Dept of Comp and Info Sci, Univ of Mass (Amherst)

FAQ for comp.fonts: Part II: Mac-specific Info

Maintained by Bharathi Jagadeesh <bjag@nwu.edu> and 
              Norm Walsh <walsh@cs.umass.edu>

Version 0.0.2, Release 00JUL00

Welcome to the comp.fonts FAQ.  This article, posted monthly, describes many
of the basic questions that seem to be repeated frequently on comp.fonts.
Your comments are both welcome and encouraged.

The FAQ is divided into four parts posted seperately.  The parts are:

   Part I: General Info
   Part II: Mac-specific Info
   Part III: IBM PC-specific Info
   Part IV: Sun-specific Info

The decision to divide the FAQ into four parts is somewhat arbitrary
although it stems, in part, from the fact that it would be too long to mail
in one piece anyway.  Even if you don't use a particular architecture, you
may find it helpful to read the FAQ for that platform at least once.  Some
ideas, like font format conversion, may be relevant to more than one
platform even if they are expressed in platform-specific tools at this time.

This section is divided into the following topics:

1.	Mac font notes
1.1.	Font formats
1.2.	Frequently requested fonts
1.3.	Commercial font sources
2.	Font installation
3.	Font utilities
4.	Making outline fonts
5.	Problems and possible solutions
6.	Creating Mac screen fonts from Type 1 outlines

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1. Mac font notes

1.1. Font formats

  Postscript Type 1 fonts can be installed on the Macintosh only by using
  accompanying bitmapped fonts.

  Postscript Type 3 fonts are installed on the Macintosh in the same way
  that Type 1 fonts are. 

  Truetype fonts: no bitmapped font is necessary with this type, though
  commonly used sizes are often supplied.

  Bitmap fonts: on the Macintosh, bitmap fonts also contain the kerning
  information for a font and must be installed with both type 1 and type
  3 fonts. Their presence also speeds the display of commonly used font
  sizes.

1.2. Frequently requested fonts

  Many fonts are available at various archives.  The king of Macintosh font
  archives is mac.archive.umich.edu.  On mac.archive.umich.edu, the fonts
  are located in the following folders:

  /mac/system.extensions/font/type1
               "             /type3
               "             /truetype


  The following fonts are in Type 1 format for the Macintosh. Some are also
  available in TrueType format.

  Tamil         Paladam, T. Govindram

  Hebrew        ShalomScript, ShalomOldStyle, ShalomStick, Jonathan Brecher

  Japanese      Shorai (Hirigana, with application)

  Start Trek    StarTrekClassic, Star TrekClassicMovies, StarTrekTNGCrille, 
                StarTrekTNG Titles, TNG monitors, StarFleet, 
		Klinzai (Klingon font)

1.3. Commercial font sources

  Commercial fonts can be obtained from a number of different companies,
  including the large font houses, Adobe, Font Haus, Font Company,
  Bitstream, and Monotype. At these companies, fonts cost about $40 for a
  single face, and must be purchased in packages. Adobe, Bitstream, and
  Monotype also sell pre-designated type collections for slightly lower
  prices.

  Image Club sells a wide selection of fonts for about $50 for a 4 font
  family.

  Other, cheaper companies sell fonts of lesser quality, including KeyFonts,
  which sells a set of 100 fonts for $50 and Cassady & GreeneUs Fluent Laser
  Fonts, a set of 79 fonts for $99. Cassady & Greene also sells Cyrillic
  language fonts in Times, Bodoni, and Helvetica syle for about $40 for each
  4 font family.
 
  Underground Phont Archive (Jason Osborne, V065HJKU@ubvms.cc.buffalo.edu):
  a distributor of shareware/freeware truetype fonts for both Macintosh and
  MicroSoft Windows 3.1.  The Underground Phont Archive / 395 Kaymar Dr. /
  Amherst, NY 14228/ USA. Many of these fonts can also be obtained at the
  mac.archive.umich.edu archive site.  Currently 170 fonts, which are
  distributed for $35, +3 shipping for overseas orders.  (Some fonts may
  have additional shareware fees).

  Foreign language fonts, ranging from Egyptian hieroglyphics to Cyrillic
  can be obtained from Ecological Linguistics/Box 15156/ Washington, DC
  20003

2. Font Installation

  System 7

    Install the fonts by opening the suitcase containing the bitmap file and
    dropping the fonts into your system suitcase, located inside your system
    folder. You will need to quit all other applications before doing this.
    For a TrueType font, the icon for the font will have several letters in
    it, instead of just one. Dropping it into your system suitcase will make
    all sizes of the font available. For Postscript type 1 fonts, you also
    need to place the printer font in the extensions folder in your system
    folder. If you are using ATM you need to place these fonts in the root
    level of your system folder (not inside another folder). Using Suitcase,
    you can avoid cluttering your system folder with printer fonts.
    
    You can make new suitcases of fonts (generally not needed, but used by
    those who use Suitcase, a font management utility) by using Font DA
    mover.  It operates the same as in system 6, except that the most recent
    version must be used.

  System 6

    Bitmap fonts can be installed using Font DA mover to move the fonts,
    located inside suitcases, into your system. You will need to restart
    your computer to make these fonts available. Printer fonts must be
    placed in the system folder, not inside any other folder.

    Truetype fonts can be used with system 6 if you get the Truetype init.
    Then the fonts can be installed in your system with Font DA mover.

3. Font utilities

  SUITCASE

    Suitcase is a nifty little system extension that lets you avoid having
    to install fonts into your system. In system 6, it means that you can
    avoid restarting your system every time you want to install a new font.

    In system 7, Suitcase lets you avoid quitting all applications before
    making fonts available. Some programs, like Quark Xpress will
    automatically update their font list when you open a new suitcase,
    allowing much more flexibility in opening and closing font suitcases and
    making different sets of fonts available.

    Suitcase appears in your Apple menu in both system 7 and 6 and allows
    you to open suitcases, as though they were files, thus making the fonts
    contained in them accessible to programs.

    In addition, when suitcase is installed, printer fonts can be stored
    with the bitmap suitcases they correspond to, instead of having to drop
    them into your system folder.

    The most recent version of Suitcase is compatible with TrueType.
    Suitcase is about $54 form the mail order places.

  MASTER JUGGLER
  
    Claims to do similar things

  ATM

    Adobe Type Manager is an Init and Control panel allows accurate screen
    display, at any size of postscript type 1 fonts. ItUs function is
    replicated with Truetype (but for different outline font format). With
    it installed, you can print fonts of any size to non-postscript
    printers. When using ATM, printer fonts must either be stored with the
    bitmap files opened with suitcase (when using Suitcase), or they must be
    stored in the root level of the system folder. ATM is now available,
    with the System 7.0 upgrade, as well as directly from adobe with 4
    Garamond fonts. It will supposedly be built into System 7.1.
    
  TTconverter

    A shareware accessory available at the usual archives will convert
    Truetype fonts for the IBM into Macintosh format.

  A variety of programs, for example, Font Harmony, etc. will allow you
  to change the names and ID numbers of your fonts.

  Fontmonger and Metamorphosis will let you convert fonts among several
  formats (type 1 and 3 and Truetype for the Mac and PC), as well as
  letting you extract the font outlines from the printer fonts.

4. Making outline fonts

  This is very, very difficult. Many people imagine that there are
  programs that will simply convert pictures into fonts for them. This
  is not the case; most fonts are painstakingly created by drawing
  curves that closely approximate the pictures. In addition, special
  rules (which improve hinting, etc.) mandate that these curves be drawn
  in specific ways. Even designing a simple font can take hundreds of
  hours.

  Given that, there are two major programs used for font design on the
  Macintosh, Fontographer ($280) and FontStudio ($400). These programs
  will allow you to import scanned images, and then trace them with
  drawing tools.  The programs will then generate type 1, 3, TrueType
  and Bitmap fonts for either the Macintosh or the IBM PC. They will
  also generate automatic hinting. They also open previously constructed
  outline fonts, allowing them to be modified, or converted into another
  format.
  
  Reviewers say Fontographer is easier to use, but not as powerful, in
  defining hints, kerning pairs, and the like.

  As far as I know, there are no shareware programs that allow you to
  generate outline fonts.


5. Problems and possible solutions

  1) Another font mysteriously appears when you select a certain font for
     display. This is often the result of a font id conflict. All fonts on
     the Macintosh are assigned a font id, an integer value. When two fonts
     have the same id, some programs can become confused about the
     appropriate font to use. Microsoft word 4.0 used font idUs to assign
     fonts, not their names.  Since idUs can be different on different
     computers, a word documentUs font could change when it was moved from
     one computer to another. Other signs of font id problems are
     inappropriate kerning or leading (the space between lines of text).
     Some font ID problems can be resolved by using Suitcase, which will
     reassign font IDUs for you, as well as saving a font ID file that can
     be moved from computer to computer to keep the idUs consistent.  Font
     ID problems can also be solved with several type utilities, which will
     allow you to reassign font idUs.  Most newer programs refer to fonts
     correctly by name instead of id number, which should reduce the
     frequency of this problem.

  2) When using a document written in MSWord 5.0, the font mysteriously
     changes when you switch from your computer at home to work, or vice
     versa.  This is the result of a bug in MSWord 5.0. The MSWord 5.0
     updater, which can be found at the info-mac archives at sumex (in the
     demo folder), will fix this bug.

6. Creating Mac screen fonts from Type 1 outlines

  Berthold K.P. Horn <bkph@ai.mit.edu> contributes the following solution.

  This is a commercial solution.  A font manipulation package from Y&Y
  includes:

  AFMtoPFM, PFMtoAFM, AFMtoTFM, TFMtoAFM, AFMtoSCR, SCRtoAFM, TFMtoMET,
  PFBtoPFA, PFAtoPFB, MACtoPFA, PFBtoMAC, REENCODE, MODEX, DOWNLOAD,
  SERIAL, and some other stuff I forget.

  To convert PC Type 1 fonts to MacIntosh use PFBtoMAC on the outline
  font itself; then use AFMtoSCR to make the Mac `screen font'
  (repository of metric info). You may need to use PFMtoAFM to first
  make AFM file.

  To convert MacIntosh font to PC Type 1, use MACtoPFA, followed by
  PFAtoPFB.  Then run SCRtoAFM on screen font to make AFM file.
  Finally, run AFMtoPFM to make Windows font metric file.

  Y&Y are the `TeX without BitMaps' people (see ad in TUGboat):

	Y&Y makes DVPSONE, DVIWindo, and fonts, for use with TeX mostly,
	in fully hinted Adobe Type 1 format.

	Y&Y, 106 Indian Hill, Carlisle MA 01741  USA
	(800) 742-4059 
	(508) 371-3286 (voice)
	(508) 371-2004 (fax)

--END OF PART II--
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