Newsgroups: bit.listserv.c18-l
Date:         Sun, 30 Aug 1992 23:53:20 EDT
From:         BCJ@PSUVM.BITNET
Subject:      Kalendar: 31 August-6 September

*********************************************************************
*                                                                   *
*             THE KALENDAR - REASONS TO CELEBRATE                   *
*                                                                   *
*             Compiled for C18-L by Kevin Berland                   *
*                       BCJ@PSUVM.BITNET                            *
*                       BCJ@psuvm.psu.edu                           *
*********************************************************************

                           AUGUST 31

     BIRTHDAYS:  Gaius "Caligula" Caesar Augustus Germanicus,
emperor of Rome (12-41);

     LATER BIRTHDAYS OF INTEREST:  Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand
von Hemholtz, German physiologist, physicist (1821-94);  Abel
Bergaigne, French philologist, linguist, Sanskrit scholar (1838-88);
Maria Montessori, Italian physician -- 1st woman in Italy to receive a
medical degree -- educator (1870-52);  Wilhelmina, Queen of the
Netherlands, abdicated in favour of her daughter Beatrix (1880-1962(;
DuBose Heyward, U.S. poet, novelist, plyawright (1885-1940);
Frederic McIntyre Bicknell, aka Fredric March, U.S. actor (1897-1975);
William Saroyan (1903-81);  Arthur Godfrey, U.S. broadcaster,
entertainer, ukelelist (1903-83);  Ramon Magsaysay, Philippine
statesman, president;  William Saroyan, U.S. novelist (1908);  Sir Arthur
Charles Bernard Lovell, English astronomer, developer of the radio
telescope (1913);  Richard Basehart, U.S. actor (1914-84);  Alan Jay
Lerner, U.S. playwright, lyricist, collaborator with Frederick Loewe
(1918);  Ted Williams, U.S. baseball player, last to hit over .400: .406 in
1941 (1918);  Leonard Hicker, aka Buddy Hackett, U.S. comic actor
(1924);  James Coburn, U.S. actor (1928);  Eldridge Cleaver, U.S. social
critic, writer, cofounder of the Black Panther party (1935); Van
Morrison, Irish singer (1945);

     ON THIS DAY IN HISTORY: in 1688, John Bunyan died from a chill he
caught riding in the rains...

     MISCELLANEA:  It is Pushtoonistan Day in Afghanistan;  Malaysia
celebrates National Day today, commemorating independence from
Britain in 1957;  and in Trinidad and Tobago they're celebrating
Independence Day.  It's also the Feast of St. Raymund Nonnatus,
patron of midwives, women in labour, & small children/

**********************************************************************
                        SEPTEMBER 1

BIRTHDAYS:  Sir Richard Steele, English playwright, poet, essayist
(1729);

LATER BIRTHDAYS OF INTEREST:  Marguerite, Countess of
Blessington, Irish novelist, author of Confessions of a Femme de
Chambre (1789);  Chester Harding, U.S. portrait painter (1792-1866);
James Gordon Bennett, Scottish-born U.S. publisher, founder of the
New York Herald (1795-1872);  Hiriam Rhodes Revels, U.S. clergyman,
educator, politician, in 1870 1st black member of U.S. Congress (1822-
1901);  Engelbert Humperdinck, German composer (Hansel und
Gretel, Die Konigskinder, &c.) (1854-1921);  Sir Roger Casement,
British civil servant, Irish patriot (1864-1916);  James J. "Gentleman Jim"
Cobett, U.S. pugilist, the 1st "scientific boxer" (1866-1933);  Edgar Rice
Burroughs, U.S. novelist, author of Tarzan & many sequels (1875-
1950);  Don Wilson, U.S. entertainer, Jack Benny's straight man (1900-
82);  Walther Reuther, U.S. labour leader (1907-70);  Vittorio Gassman,
Italian actor (1922);  Rocco Marchegiano, aka Rocky Marciano, U.S.
boxer, undefeated world heavyweight champion (1923-69);  Peggy
Middleton, better known as Yvonne de Carlo, Canadian actress (1924);
Conway Twitty, U.S. rockabilly turned country musician -- his band is
the Twittybirds, his theme park is Twitty City (1933);  Seiji Ozawa,
Japanese orchestra conductor (1935);  Lily Tomlin, U.S. comedian,
actress: "Reality is a crutch for people who can't cope with drugs";
"98% of the adults in this country are decent, hard-working, honest
Americans,  It's the other lousy 2% that gets all the publicity.  But then --
we voted for them."(1936)

ON THIS DAY IN HISTORY:  in 1715 Louis XIV of France died, &
was succeeded by his great-grandson Louis XV.

    MISCELLANEA:  Today is Libya's National Holiday.  It's also the Feast
of St. Fiacre, patron of gardeners & cab-drivers, invoked by sufferers
of all sorts of physical problems (including hemorrhoids & venereal
disease);  it's also the Feast of St. Giles, patron of Edinburgh, as well as
the crippled and spurmakers, invoked against cancer, female sterility,
insanity, and night dangers.  On this day in 1864, the Charlottetown
Conference was convened on Prince Edward Island, iniating steps
toward Canadian confederation; in 1905 the Canadian provinces of
Alberta & Saskatchewan were established; in 1923 the great Japanese
earthquake destroyed Yokohama and nearly destroyed Tokyo.

**********************************************************************
                         SEPTEMBER 2

     BIRTHDAYS:  Louis Bonaparte, Napoleon's brother, 1806-10 King of
the Netherlands (1778-1846);

     LATER BIRTHDAYS OF INTEREST:  Lydia Kamekaha Liluokalani, last
Queen of the Hawaiian Islands before 1893 U.S. annexation and forced
abdication (1838-1917);  Henry Georgne, U.S. economist, social
reformer (1839-97);  Giovanni Verga, Italian novelist, leader of Sicilian
realist school (1840-1922);  Prince Hirobumi Ito, Japanese statesman,
PM, assassinated by a Korean radical (1841-1909);  Eugene Field, U.S.
poet, journalist (1850-95);  Friedrich Wilhelm Ostwald, German chemist
(1853-1932);  Miguel de Unamuno y Jugo, Spanish philosopher,
educator, writer, republican (1864-1936);  Hiram Warren Johnson, U.S.
politician, California governor, WW I isolationist (1866-1945);
Frederick Soddy, British chemist (1877-1956);  Cleveland Amory, U.S.
journalist (1917);  Allen Stuart Drury, U.S. novelist (1918);  Marjorie
Celeste Belcher "Marge" Champion, U.S. dancer (1923);   Horace
Ward Martin Tavares Silver, U.S. jazz pianist, composer (1928);
Ahmed Kerekou, Benin statesman, president (1933);

     ON THIS DAY IN HISTORY:  in 1666, the Great Fire of London
began; in 1789 the U.S. Department of the Treasury was established;

     MISCELLANEA:  Today is the Feast of St. Agricolus, Bishop of
Avignon, invoked to bring either rain or fair weather, depending upon
the invoker's preference.

**********************************************************************
                        SEPTEMBER 3

     BIRTHDAYS:

     LATER BIRTHDAYS OF INTEREST:  Prudence Crandall, U.S.
educator, arrested in 1833 for admitting black girls into her Connecticut
school (1803-90);  Gisli Brynjulfsson, Icelandic poet (1827-1888);  Sarah
Orne Jewett, U.S. novelist & short-story writer (1849-1909);  Louis H.
Sullivan, influential U.S. architect, skyscraper-designer, Father of
Modern U.S. Architecture (1856-1924);  Jean Leon Jaures, French
socialist leader, 1904-14 editor of L'Humanite (1859-1914);  Edward
Albert Filene, U.S. merchant, founder of Filene's, a Boston department
store, philanthropist, promoter of credit unions (1860-1937);  Fritz Pregl,
Austrian chemist (1869-1930);  Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet, Australian
physician, 1960 Nobel Prize in medicine (with P.B. Medawar) for
discovery of acquired immunity (1899);  Sally Benson, U.S. novelist &
short-story writer (1900-72);  Carl David Anderson, U.S. physicist,
discovered the positron (1905);  Loren C. Eisely, U.S. anthropologist,
naturalist (1907-77);  Alan Ladd, U.S. actor (1913-64);  Marguerite
Higgins, U.S. journalist, war correspondent (1920-66);  Alison Lurie,
U.S. novelist, critic (1926);  Irene Papas, Greek actress (1926);  Anne
Jackson, U.S. actress (1936);

     THIS DAY IN HISTORY is a strangely Cromwellian day -- on this day
in 1650, Oliver Cromwell defeated the Scots at Dunbar; in 1651 he
defeated the Royal Army of Charles I at Worcester; in 1654, the First
Protectorate Parliament met;  in 1658 Oliver Cromwell died, succeeded
briefly by his son Richard.  On this day in 1783, Great Britain and the
United States signed the Treaty of Paris, acknowledging U.S.
independence.

     MISCELLANEA:  Monaco celebrates Liberation Day on September 3l
Qatar celebrates Independence Day (1971), San Marino celebrate's St.
Marinus Day (or Official Foundation Day); and Tunisia celebrates the
beginning of their independence movement in 1934.  On this day in
1976 U.S. satellite Viking 2 landed on Mars, sending back pictures of
the planetary landscape.

*************************************************************************
                            SEPTEMBER 4

     BIRTHDAYS:  Alexander III, King of Scotland (1241-86);  Francois-
Rene Vicomte de Chateaubriand, French author (Atala), statesman
(1768-1848);

     LATER BIRTHDAYS OF INTEREST:  Marcus Whitman, U.S.
physician, Congregational missionary, settler of North-West territories
(1802-47);  Anton Bruckner, Austrian composer, organist (1824-96);
Daniel Hudson Burnham, U.S. architect & urban planner, member of
firm Burnham & Root, designers of 1st building to be called a
skyscraper & the site of the 1893 World Columbian Exposition in
Chicago (1846-1912);  Lewis Howard Latimer, U.S. inventor, engineer,
associate of Alexander Graham Bell (1848-1928);  John Dillion, Irish
nationalist, 1880-3, 1888-1918 member of the British Parliament (1851-
1927);  Ida Kaminska, Polish actress, director, 1946-68 head of Jewish
State Theatre of Poland, 1968 emigrated to U.S. (1899-1980);  Mary
Challens, aka Mary Renault, British novelist whose subject was ancient
Greece (1905-83);  Richard Wright, African-American novelist, author
of Black Boy, Native Son (1908-60);  Johannes Willebrands, Dutch
Roman Catholic churchman, cardinal, Archbishop of Utrecht (1909);
Craig Claiborne, U.S. cooking expert, NY Times food editor (1920);
Francesca Mitzi von Gerber, aka Mitzi Gaynor, U.S. dancer, actress
(1931);  Dawn Fraser, Australian Olympic swimmer (1937)

     ON THIS DAY IN HISTORY:

     MISCELLANEA:  On this day in 1954, the U.S.icebreakers Burton
Island and Northwind made the first successful transit of the Northwest
Passage through McClure Strait -- something 18th-century navigators
had attempted without success.  On this day in 1972, U.S. swimmer Mark
Spitz became the 1st person to win 7 gold medals in one set of Olympic
games.

*************************************************************************
                           SEPTEMBER 5

     BIRTHDAYS:  Tomasso Campanella, Italian philosopher, poet, author
of Civitas Solis, intimate of Louis XIII & Cardinal Richelieu (1568-1639);
King Louis XIV of France, the Sun King, builder of Versailles (1638-
1715);  Maurice Quentin de La Tour, French painter (1704-88);
Christoph Martin Wieland, German poet, novelist, the "German
Voltaire" (1733-1813);  Johan Christian Bach, German composer,
organist, son of Johan Sebastian, known as the "Milan Bach" or the
"London Bach," associated with the British royal family (1735-82);

     LATER BIRTHDAYS OF INTEREST:  Jesse Woodson James, U.S.
outlaw, robber, folk-hero (1847-82);  Arthur Charles Nielsen, U.S.
market researcher, deviser of television ratings (1897-1980);  Florence
Eldridge, U.S. actress, married Fredric March (1901);  Darryl F.
Zanuck, U.S. film producer (1902-79);  Arthur Koestler, Hungarian-
born English writer (1905-83);  John Milton Cage, Jr., U.S. "aleatory"
music composer (1912-92);  Frank Garvin Yerby, U.S. novelist (1916);
Ricardo de la Espriella, Panamanian statesman, president (1934);
Raquel Welch, U.S. actress

     ON THIS DAY IN HISTORY: in 1698 the English government
chartered the East India Society;  in 1745 an act of King George II of
England proclaimed all papists and reputed papists must depart from
London & Westminster and remain at least ten miles outside the limits of
those cities;  in 1774 the First Continental Congress opened in
Philadelphia -- only Georgia was absent.

     MISCELLANEA:  Today is Republic Day in Macao.  The
Procrastinator's Club of America, whose headquarters are reputedly in
Philadelphia, sponsors "Be Late for Something Day" today.

*************************************************************************
                        SEPTEMBER 6

     BIRTHDAYS:  Heinrich Melchior Muhlenberg, German-born U.S.
Lutheran clergyman, founder of Lutheranism in N. America (1711-87);
Moses Mendelssohn, German philosopher, biblical scholar, translator,
critic, the "German Socrates" (1729-86);  Marie-Joseph Paul, Marquis de
Lafayette, French soldier, statesman, fought with the American Army
during the Revolution, secured French aid, remained active in French
politics (1757-1834);  John Dalton, English scientist, established the
quantitative atomic theory in chemistry (1766-1844);

     LATER BIRTHDAYS OF INTEREST:  Frances "Fanny" Wright,
Scottish-born U.S. social reformer, suffragist, radical, author, founder of
the Nashoba Community in Indiana (1795-1852);  Catherine Esther
Beecher, U.S. educator, antisuffragist, founder of the Hartford Female
Seminary (1800-78);  Horatio Greenough, U.S. sculptor (1805-52);  Sir
George Etienne Cartier, Canadian statesman, PM (1814-73);  Alexander
Tilloch Galt, Canadian businessman, politician, diplomat (1817-93);
William Starke Rosecrans, U.S. general, diplomat, politician (1819-98);
Aleksandr Mikhailovich Butleroc, Russian chemist, discovered tertiary
alcohols (1828-86);  Jane Addams, U.S. social reformer, social worker,
founder of Chicago's Hull House, one of the 1st settlement houses,
1931 Nobel Peace Prize (1869-1935); Felix Salten, Hungarian author of
'Bambi' (1869);  John James Rickard Macleod, Scottish physiologist,
with Banting awarded 1923 Nobel Prize (medicine) for producing
insulin to combat diabetes (1876-1935);  Henry Seidel Canby, U.S. critic,
editor, founder of the Saturday Review of Literature (1878-1961);  Otto
Kruger, U.S. actor (1885-1974);  Joseph Patrick Kennedy, U.S.
financier, diplomat, father of John F., Robert F., and Edward M. (1888-
1969);  Sir Edward Victor Appleton, British physicist (1892-65);  Walter
R. Dornberger, German rocket scientist, in charge of Nazi guided
missile program, imported to U.S. where he served as Air Force
advisor & became Vice-President of Bell Aerosystems (1895-1980);
William Samuel Rosenberg, better known as Billy Rose, U.S.
entrepreneur (he once advised, "Never invest in anything that eats or
needs repairing"), songwriter, producer (1899-1966);  Luis F. Leloir,
French-born Argentinian chemist (1906);

      ON THIS DAY IN HISTORY:  in 1847 Henry David Thoreau left
Walden Pond and moved in with the Emersons.

     MISCELLANEA:  Today is Defense of Pakistan Day, National Heroes
Day in Sao Tome & Principe, and Somhlolo Day in Swaziland.