HDTenEightyP/NetNews huggingface dataset:
From: afc@gnv.ifas.ufl.edu (Andrew F. Cockburn)
Newsgroups: bionet.molbio.methds-reagnts
Subject: Re: Home-made PCR gems
Date: 17 Jul 92 10:57:31 -0500
Distribution: bionet
Organization: USDA/ARS/MAVERL

In article <01GMHDD8X6MS000A02@irri.cgnet.com>, IYAP@IRRI.CGNET.COM writes:
> Our lab happened to have several bags of Paraplast (tissue embedding
> medium) lying around, so someone decided to test this.  He got
> great results.  Ordinary paraffin works good too, but the Paraplast
> is already in the form of pellets ready for use.  It also has
> DMSO, which probably helps.
> 
> Noel Yap
> (Usual disclaimers apply)

We tried tissue embedding paraffin also.  Worked great for us too.

Andrew Cockburn
USDA/ARS/MAVERL
Newsgroups: bionet.molbio.methds-reagnts
From: num208jn@MBDS.NRC.CA (John Nash)
Subject: Re: Cloning PCR products?
Reply-To: num208jn@MBDS.NRC.CA
Organization: NRC, OTTAWA, ONTARIO, CANADA.
Date: Thu, 23 Jul 92 11:17:16 GMT

In article <1992Jul23.030739.10401@menudo.uh.edu>, bchs1b@Elroy.UH.EDU (Michael Benedik) writes:
>
>	There are a lot of different methods around for cloning PCR 
>products to get around the problems of the fragment ends left after 
>amplification. Does any one know whether this is solely a problem with
>TAQ polymerase? Are there other polymerases which leave nice ends
>suitable for subsequent cloning without going through the standard
>gyrations?
>	---------------------------------------------------

With Taq polymerase, I usually dump 10 units (usu 1 ul) of T4 pol. in
the reaction and incubate 15 min, before removing the oil and cleaning
up.   Compared to not adding T4 pol, I get heaps more transformants,
and always get my correct insert (so far).  I read in the spec. sheet
for Vent polymerase that their exo-PLUS (unengineered) enzyme, nice
ends are left, but jagged ends are left with the exo-minus derivative. 
Perhaps you could call New England Biolabs and get them to fax you
their spec. sheet (if you already don't have it.  They seem to mail it
to anybody here on their mailing list once a month or so). 
Unfortunately, I haven't needed to clone a pcr product since I changed
to using Vent pol. in my standard pcrs, so I have no personal
experience.

cheers, John.


John Nash                            | Email: Nash@biologysx.lan.nrc.ca.
National Research Council of Canada  | Mail to "num208jn@mbds.nrc.ca"
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada              |    is forwarded automatically.

Disclaimer:  All opinions are mine, not NRC's!
Confession:  I've NEVER used a UNIX machine!
From: muriana@aclcb.purdue.edu (Peter M. Muriana)
Newsgroups: bionet.molbio.methds-reagnts
Subject: Bacterial culture collections
Date: 30 Jul 92 20:48:46 GMT
Reply-To: muriana@aclcb.purdue.edu
Organization: Purdue University AIDS Center


Does anyone know of **less** expensive culture collections than
ATCC? Their normal fees are $52/culture although a few, very few,
are around $17.

There is also the University Micro Reference Laboratory (Linthicum, MD;
1-800-invitro), whose normal fees vary from $33-$78, with some again, 
around $17, but their selection is much limited compared to ATCC.

P.S. I'm talking about collections of different Genus/species, not the 
	E.coli or B.subtilis culture collections.

Thanks in advance, Peter
From: D54@EARN.TRANAVM1 (suleyman AYDIN)
Newsgroups: bionet.molbio.methds-reagnts
Subject: Short tailed mice
Date: 29 Jul 92 14:25:56 GMT
Distribution: bionet
Original-To: METHODS@UK.AC.DARESBURY


 
Does anyone know or heard about  mice which have very very short tails?
 
Recently I have some some mice (an intra-laboratory evolution??) having
short tails.  Short tails with blunt ends.  If they can manage to survive
I will try to breed them.. but if I can find extra utilities for them..if ...
 
Of course I wonder which chromosome and which band did mutated.. but I have
no facilities to do genetic analysis..
 
Is this the first report of "short tailed mice" in history?
 
suleyman AYDIN (student of pharmacology)
Medicinal Plants Res. Ctr., pharmacology lab.
d31@tranavm1.bitnet (please... d54 is overloaded usually)
P.S.: tail lenghts are : 1.5 cm, 4 cm., 8 cm.. thogh not accurate, but circa..
      for your information..
Newsgroups: bionet.molbio.methds-reagnts
From: bchs1b@Elroy.UH.EDU (Michael Benedik)
Subject: RE: S35- met labelling of proteins: URGENT
Reply-To: bchs1b@Elroy.UH.EDU
Organization: University of Houston
Date: Fri, 31 Jul 1992 04:30:17 GMT

In article <30JUL92.14472467@wums.wustl.edu>, wetsel_r@wums.wustl.edu writes:
>That's an open question, some additional details would help.  However, we
>routinely label cultured cells using the 35S-Trans label from ICN.  We bring up
>the volume such that 100 ul equals 1mCi.  We plate our cells in either 24 or 6
>well plates at 3-4X10^5 or 1X10^6 cells per well, respectively.  Use met free
> medium with either 0.5 % BSA or 5% dialyzed calf serum.  Depending upon the
>cell type, we will add 0.250 - 0.500 uCi per ml of labeling media and incubate
>that on the cells anywhere from 2-24 hours, normally 4 hours at 37'C works very well for most continuous cell lines.  I should note, prior to adding the
>labeled media to the cells, we will wash the cells 2-3 times in HBSS.  This
>works very well in our hands for both adherent and non-adherent cells.  We oftenwill then use the corresponding supernatant and cellular lysate in
>immunoprecipitations - I'll assume that is what you're doing?  Post back
>if you need more help... best of luck...
>
>David

Is that a typo by chance, 0.250 uCi per ml. I would think that
250 uCi or (.250 mCi) would be more appropriate, although I am not an
expert at labelling tissue culture cells. We use 100 uCi per ml for
bacteria.
	---------------------------------------------------
	 Michael Benedik
	 Department of Biochemical and Biophysical Sciences
	 University of Houston
	 INTERNET: Benedik@UH.EDU	BITNET: Benedik@UHOU
Newsgroups: bionet.molbio.methds-reagnts
From: num208jn@MBDS.NRC.CA (John Nash)
Subject: Re: Unclonable sequences
Reply-To: num208jn@MBDS.NRC.CA
Organization: NRC, OTTAWA, ONTARIO, CANADA.
Date: Thu, 23 Jul 92 11:22:52 GMT

In article <3616@fcs280s.ncifcrf.gov>, masuda@fcs280b.ncifcrf.gov (Michiaki Masuda) writes:
>
>  There seem to be some retroviral sequences that cannot be cloned in a phage
>or a plasmid vector successfully. An infectious molecular clone of HTLV and
>some strains of MMTV have not yet been isolated. 
>  
>  I think I heard about other examples of unclonable sequences such as some 
>inverted repeat sequences.
>  
>  I wonder if there's a review article or some compiled information regarding
>unclonable seqeunces. I'd appreciate it if someone could enlighten me in this
>regard.
>
>Michiaki Masuda
>Laboratory of Molecular Oncology
>National Cancer Institute
>Frederick, MD 21702 

Many plasmids have a kill/kill-overide system which is believed to be
part of the replication/maintainence system.  Most of the kill
sequences cannot be cloned with a corresponding overide gene.  One
plasmid example is the RK2/RP1/RP4/R18/R68 plasmid (which has several
names, as you can see).  There is lots of information on this in the
literature especially by Figurski's group at Columbia U.

(Or you could wander over and ask Paul Hengen in Tom Schneider's lab
for some references).


John Nash                            | Email: Nash@biologysx.lan.nrc.ca.
National Research Council of Canada  | Mail to "num208jn@mbds.nrc.ca"
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada              |    is forwarded automatically.

Disclaimer:  All opinions are mine, not NRC's!
Confession:  I've NEVER used a UNIX machine!
From: rounsley@jeeves.ucsd.edu (Steve Rounsley)
Newsgroups: bionet.molbio.methds-reagnts
Subject: TouchDown PCR
Date: 29 Jul 92 19:31:23 GMT
Organization: University of California, San Diego

Quick question...
	does anybody know what conditions to use for "Touchdown"
PCR.  I came across this term, and I don't know what kind of
cycles to use.
	thanks in advance
		Steve Rounsley
From: brian@bio.aau.dk
Newsgroups: bionet.molbio.methds-reagnts
Subject: Help on transfection needed
Date: 29 Jul 92 00:40:41 MET
Organization: BIOBASE, Denmark

Hello.

In my group, we are at the moment thinking about setting up transfection
studies in eukaryotic cell lines.
But since we have no experience in this field, we hope that someone out
there will be so kind, and suggest some litterature and maybe share some
knowledge with us.

Peter Kristensen
Department of Chemistry
Division of Biostructural Chemistry
Denmark

E-Mail : ptk@biobase.aau.dk   OR
         Brian@bio.aau.dk


Newsgroups: bionet.molbio.methds-reagnts
From: tjrad@iastate.edu (Thomas J Radosevich)
Subject: Re: Chiron and antibodies
Organization: Iowa State University, Ames IA
Distribution: bionet
Date: Wed, 22 Jul 1992 19:03:47 GMT

     Greetings,

     I am planning on ordering a synthetic peptide and am wondering if 
anyone has had experience (good or bad) with the Chiron company out of
Australia?  If so, could you please e-mail or post your impressions--
cusyomer relations,quality of work, etc.. 
                            Thanks in advance

    Also, they offer peptides in 70, 80, and 95% purity, since we are 
planning on going with polyclonal Abs, would the 70% pure peptides be
acceptable?
                        Thanks again,

Tom 
     
Newsgroups: bionet.molbio.methds-reagnts
From: gat44@iastate.edu (Gabriel Trueba)
Subject: Re: ethanol precipitation
Organization: Iowa State University, Ames, IA
Distribution: bionet
Date: Thu, 23 Jul 1992 02:14:13 GMT

 We are having some problems using some pcr products as
probes for Southern blot analysis. I wonder whether somebody
in the net has experimented lack of hybidization of PCR products
We would appreciate any suggestion.

Thank you 
Xref: sparky bionet.molbio.methds-reagnts:1595 sci.chem:2846 sci.misc:1426
From: toms@fcs260c2.ncifcrf.gov (Tom Schneider)
Newsgroups: bionet.molbio.methds-reagnts,sci.chem,sci.misc
Subject: Re: What happens to 32P-labelled compounds?
Date: 30 Jul 92 23:15:27 GMT
Followup-To: bionet.molbio.methds-reagnts
Organization: Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center

In article <1992Jul30.085812.18345@polaris.utu.fi>
eepee@polaris.utu.fi (Esa-Pekka P{lvim{ki) writes:

>I understand that a S atom in ATP is replaced with a 32P atom to produce a
>radioactive ATP molecule. When the 32P decays to 32S, the ATP molecule 
>continues to exist as a "real" ATP with a 32S where it should be. 
>I might be wrong, though.

There is no S in ATP.  ATP = Adenosine triphosphate.  It contains 3 phosphate
groups.  One of these is replaced by 32P to make the radioactive molecule.  The
chemistry of the ATP is (presumably almost) identical to that of one without
the ATP.  One can label DNA or whatever with it.  When it decays, a near by
film is exposed.  The molecule may or may not be destroyed (so this thread is
an interesting one) but molecular biologists in general don't care because
having seen that a decay occured, they don't care about the smoldering ruin (?)
left behind.  (That is, they are able to read the DNA sequence, so what if the
actual DNA was destroyed in the process?)

(You can also label ATP by replacing the P with 35S.)

An interesting question on these lines is:

Suppose one labeled some DNA with 32P.  Then look under an STM.  Watch again.
Watch again.   POOF!  Look again and there is a little crater there or what?
This experiment is easy to do and one would be (I think) the first person
to observe the radioactive decay of a single molecule.  If someone does
the experiment I'd like to know the result.  (I ran some calculations on this
a while back, and it seems like one would not need to wait very long to see
some molecules decay if one watched a large enough set of them.  Half life
of 32P is only 2 weeks.)

  Tom Schneider
  National Cancer Institute
  Laboratory of Mathematical Biology
  Frederick, Maryland  21702-1201
  toms@ncifcrf.gov
From: v052myen@ubvmsb.cc.buffalo.edu (jack)
Newsgroups: bionet.molbio.methds-reagnts
Subject: Yellow EDTA !?
Keywords: EDTA, Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid
Date: 22 Jul 92 17:17:00 GMT
Organization: University at Buffalo
News-Software: VAX/VMS VNEWS 1.41

Has anyone had the experience of an EDTA solution turning out slightly yellow?
A month ago we received a new batch of EDTA, disodium salt.  I made my 
0.5M EDTA/pH 8.0 solution as I always did.  After everything went into 
solution, it was clear, but tinged yellow.  Earlier today, I went to another
bottle of the same lot, and produced another yellow EDTA solution.  Hunting 
around the lab, I encountered another person who had made a yellow EDTA 
solution from the same batch.  I have been fairly careful to clean equipment
in contact with the solution.  The source of water is our house ddH2O, which
I hope would not have metals in it.
	In any event, I am not using this solution.  I have plenty of older, 
clear EDTA stock solution, so this is not a real problem.  Has anyone else
had a similar experience with EDTA?  
	Please reply by EMAIL to:
					 v052myen@ubvms.cc.buffalo.edu  

	I will post a summary of responses, if any, to this message area.

	-- Jack Welch
	   Roswell Park Cancer Inst., Buffalo, NY

		
Newsgroups: bionet.molbio.methds-reagnts
From: gilbertd@sunflower.bio.indiana.edu (Don Gilbert)
Subject: Re: Is this newgroup archived anywhere?
Organization: Biology, Indiana University - Bloomington
Date: Mon, 27 Jul 1992 17:14:12 GMT

ftp.bio.indiana.edu:/usenet/bionet/...
contains this and other bionet groups back to december 1991.

You can reach this archive via Internet gopher or via anonymous ftp
to ftp.bio.indiana.edu.

-- 
Don Gilbert                                     gilbert@bio.indiana.edu
biocomputing office, biology dept., indiana univ., bloomington, in 47405
From: jaf@bio.aau.dk
Newsgroups: bionet.molbio.methds-reagnts
Subject: Separation of DNA fragments.
Date: 30 Jul 92 16:17:24 MET
Organization: BIOBASE, Denmark

How can two DNA fragments  of MW 3300 kb and 3400 kb be separated on an agarose
gel?? They have to be separated so much that one can isolate them without
contamination.
From: pnh@fcsparc6.ncifcrf.gov (Paul N Hengen)
Newsgroups: bionet.molbio.methds-reagnts
Subject: Re: Ecoli strains
Date: 24 Jul 92 20:42:28 GMT
Distribution: bionet
Organization: Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center

In article <23013.9207231111@crc.ac.uk> sbhattac@mrc-crc.ac.uk (Dr. Shoumo Bhattacharya B1 061) writes:
>Can anyone tell me of a source where I can find E.coli strains and 
>their genotypes?  Also are E. coli GM48 methylation defective (dam/dcm)? Many thanks  
>Shoumo Bhattacharya

Dr. Barbara J. Bachmann
E. coli Genetic Stock Center
Department of Biology
Yale University
P.O. Box 6666
New Haven, CT 06511-7444  U.S.A.

See:

Bachmann, B. J. 1990. Linkage map of Escherichia coli K-12,
Edition 8. Microbiol. Rev. 54:130-197.

Bachmann, B. J. 1972. Pedigrees of some mutant strains of
Escherichia coli K-12. Bacteriol. Rev. 36:525-557.
From: FGCFA01@EARN.BLEKUL11 (de ley marc)
Newsgroups: bionet.molbio.methds-reagnts
Subject: actin/tubulin
Date: 28 Jul 92 13:02:56 GMT
Distribution: bionet
Organization: K.U.Leuven (Belgium)

Dear Bionet,
For use as an internal reference, we are looking for a plasmid containing a
complete (or partial) cDNA sequence of a HUMAN protein that is constitutively
expressed, e.g. actin or tubulin... or something else.
Any help in obtaining such plasmid will be greatly appreciated.
Thank you in advance. Sincerely,
Marc De Ley
Laboratory for Biochemistry
University of Leuven
Dekenstraat 6
B-3000 Leuven (Belgium)
tel: +32-16-285701
fax: +32-16-201215
Newsgroups: bionet.molbio.methds-reagnts
From: rjhoffma@iastate.edu (Richard J. Hoffmann)
Subject: Re: Thermocycling machines
Organization: Iowa State University, Ames, IA
Distribution: bionet
Date: Fri, 31 Jul 1992 19:03:56 GMT

In a somewhat different vein, I have a Barnstead/Thermolyne TempTronic
in my lab on demo.  Is there anyone out there with experience with this
machine who would like to comment?  If the machine is unfamiliar, it
uses compressor-based technology for temperature control, and it comes 
in 36 well (0.5ml tubes) and 48 well (0.25ml tubes, I think) models.  
I have the 36 well model.  The bid price is very attractive, and yields 
and specificity seem comparable to a P-E machine that's been in the 
department for a time.  It also operates at about the same speed on
ramps as the P-E.

Dick Hoffmann

-- 
Richard J. Hoffmann              Internet: rjhoffma@iastate.edu
Department of Zoology & Genetics   Bitnet: rjhoffma%iastate.edu@isumvs
Iowa State University               Voice: (515) 294-8075
Ames, Iowa 50011
Newsgroups: bionet.molbio.methds-reagnts
From: bchs1b@Elroy.UH.EDU (Michael Benedik)
Subject: Re: Design of expression plasmid
Reply-To: bchs1b@Elroy.UH.EDU
Organization: University of Houston
Distribution: bionet
Date: Thu, 23 Jul 1992 02:59:51 GMT

In article <920721161723.21400d77@ntet.nctr.fda.gov>, WMELCHIOR@NTET.NCTR.FDA.GOV (Bill Melchior, NCTR/FDA) writes:
>I am considering putting a gene under lac control in pBR322, using the lac
>promoter from pOP95-5 (F. Fuller, Gene 19, 43-54 (82)).  I have a question
>(actually several, but I won't bother you with the others):  Fuller says that
>the gene should be placed "near" the 3' end of the promoter, but he doesn't
>say what "near" means, and I haven't been able to find out from any of the 
>other sources I've consulted.  Does anyone know what the acceptable range
>is for distances between, say, the "-10" region of the promoter and the
>Shine-Dalgarno sequence or the initiation codon?  (My gene has a native S-D 
>sequence and an initiation codon.  I'm not making a fusion protein.)  I 
>don't need super efficient expression, but do need some.
>
>Thanks, Bill
>________________________________________________________________________________
>The opinions stated are mine, not those of NCTR or its sponsoring organizations.
>
>Bill Melchior                                ||   "You have lawyers the way
>National Center for Toxicological Research   ||    other people have mice."
>Jefferson, AR  72079                         ||
>(501) 543-7206                               ||   -Kenneth Duncan, English
>                                             ||    Health & Safety Executive,
>WMELCHIOR@NTDOC.NCTR.FDA.GOV                 ||    to US regulators


It really depends upon what the sequence is in the spacer region. But you
do have the phenomenon of polarity in E.coli caused by transcribing regions
which are untranslated. A reasonable guess would be:
500 bp will probably be ok, but not always
100 bp should almost always be fine for reasonale expression
less than 50 probably ideal

	---------------------------------------------------
	 Michael Benedik
	 Department of Biochemical and Biophysical Sciences
	 University of Houston
	 INTERNET: Benedik@UH.EDU	BITNET: Benedik@UHOU
From: mic268a@vaxc.cc.monash.edu.au
Newsgroups: bionet.molbio.methds-reagnts
Subject: PCR SEQUENCING
Date: 22 Jul 92 16:33:23 +1000
Organization: Computer Centre, Monash University, Australia


I would like to ettempt to sequence a PCR product of approximately 2.0kb
We currently use the Pharmacia T7 sequencing kit. We have not yet got cycle
sequencing up and running in the lab. I would be extremely grateful if anyone
could provide some advice and tips on how I would go about sequencing the
PCR product


With many thanks

Mike L
From: William_D_WARREN@UMAIL.UMD.EDU (ww40)
Newsgroups: bionet.molbio.methds-reagnts
Subject: Re: Tracer Dyes in Agarose
Date: 27 Jul 92 21:43:00 GMT
Distribution: bionet

>Hello. For some time I've been using a ficoll based loading
>solution for my agarose gels with both xylene cyanol and
>bromphenol blue added as tracer dyes.
     [Stuff deleted]           ...So, I ask if anyone knows of
>any other dyes that can be used for this purpose? In particular
>I'm wondering if anyone uses a dye that migrates faster than the
>bromphenol blue front?
>
>
>Paul N. Hengen
>National Cancer Institute
>Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center
>Laboratory of Mathematical Biology

Paul,
I saw a recent article in Biotechniques about the use of alternative
dyes - The context of the article was that the BPB and XCYN, if added
to a PCR reaction prior to amplification will inhibit the reaction.
The study looked at an number of alternative dyes and additives to
increase the solution density and found (as I remember) that it is
possible to add sucrose and one or two of a number of dye alternatives
to a PCR reaction prior to thermocycling and then directly load the
samples onto an agarose gel.

Unfortunately I can't find the article -
but maybe there's another Bioboid out there who can supply the full
reference. Perhaps one of those mentioned in the article will have
the desired mobility that you need.

Good luck
Bill
From: goldie@herald.usask.ca (Hugh Goldie)
Newsgroups: bionet.molbio.methds-reagnts
Subject: Re: Ecoli strains
Date: 23 Jul 92 19:13:26 GMT
Distribution: bionet
Organization: University of Saskatchewan

In article <54853@mentor.cc.purdue.edu> muriana@aclcb.purdue.edu writes:
>In article <23013.9207231111@crc.ac.uk>, sbhattac@mrc-crc.ac.uk (Dr. Shoumo Bhattacharya B1 061) writes:
>>Can anyone tell me of a source where I can find E.coli strains and 
>>their genotypes? ....
>>Shoumo Bhattacharya
>
>You are likely to find such a list in the Maniatis 3-volume set...
> (nice answer by Peter M. Muriana...
>

In addition to the sources listed by Dr. Muriana, I suggest:

Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium (1987). Frederick C. Neidhardt,
editor in chief American Society for Microbiology, Washington. - volume 2
has very extensive, though slightly dated, info. on coli genetics, strains,
petigrees.

Bachmann BJ  E Coli Genetic Stock Centre  Yale University.  Phone: 
203-432-3535.  Dr. Bachmann is very helpful and knowledgeable if you have
an unusual problem or can not locate a strain through other channels.
Strain requests are dealt with promptly.

Methods in Enzymology has a number of useful articles on molecular biology
techniques, with good strain lists.
From: naffara@crc.ac.uk (Dr. N.A. Affara)
Newsgroups: bionet.molbio.methds-reagnts
Subject: PCR problem
Date: 23 Jul 92 16:12:12 GMT
Organization: MRC Human Genome Resource Centre

Does anyone know why PCR's don't (usually) work when you forget to put any
oil in the tube?
Some of the reaction evaporates and ends up in the lid but most of it stays
in the bottom where it should be. 
Any ideas?

Thanks,
Phil
(E-mail naffara@uk.ac.crc)
Newsgroups: bionet.molbio.methds-reagnts
From: weiss@angis.su.oz.au (Tony Weiss)
Subject: GCG Computer Package and Peptide Mapping
Reply-To: weiss@angis.su.oz.au (Tony Weiss)
Organization: ANGIS, The University of Sydney, Australia
Distribution: bionet
Date: Tue, 28 Jul 1992 02:48:58 GMT

Can anyone advise re:the meaning of NTCB  ?

This term is used in GCG for peptidemap in protein analysis.

Thanks

Tony Weiss
weiss@angis.su.oz.au
Dept Biochemistry  G08
University of Sydney
NSW  2006
Australia

"usual disclaimers apply"
From: WMELCHIOR@NTET.NCTR.FDA.GOV (Bill Melchior, NCTR/FDA)
Newsgroups: bionet.molbio.methds-reagnts
Subject: RE: buffers
Date: 23 Jul 92 19:56:45 GMT
Distribution: bionet

Al-

A good question -- I'd forgotten about the high temps of PCR.

I've never done it, so I can't answer your question.  The important thing
is that it usually seems to work!  (Maybe buffer problems are involved in
those cases where it DOESN'T work?)

Maybe I'll find out when I try to do cycle-sequencing, hopefully before long.

Bill
________________________________________________________________________________
The opinions stated are mine, not those of NCTR or its sponsoring organizations.

Bill Melchior                                ||   "You have lawyers the way
National Center for Toxicological Research   ||    other people have mice."
Jefferson, AR  72079                         ||
(501) 543-7206                               ||   -Kenneth Duncan, English
                                             ||    Health & Safety Executive,
WMELCHIOR@NTDOC.NCTR.FDA.GOV                 ||    to US regulators