From: cavus@CAE.WISC.EDU
Newsgroups: soc.culture.arabic
Subject: ICTIHAD. PART 7.
Date: 20 Aug 92 21:15:29 GMT

Esselamu Aleykum.

TREATISE  ON  IJTIHAD   PART  7

From The Twenty Seventh Word 

     This treatise was once written in Arabic. Now, due to a request
of my two friends, it will be rewritten  in Turkish  to give a
lesson to the one who overstepped his bounds.

In the Name Of Allah the Compassionate the  Merciful

"If theyhad only referred it to the Messenger or to those charged with
authority." (Al Qur'an 4:83)

     Know O Dear Friend! The door of ijtihad, which is one of the
religious matters, is open. But at this time, there are six
barriers to enter there.

     Conclusion:  Sharias changed over centuries before Islam. Maybe
in one century more than one prophet and Sharia had come. 
However, after the Last Prophet (SAW), there is no need left for
different Sharias because the Last Sharia is enough for all the
future centuries and nations. 

But pertaining to the detailed matters, there is still need for
different schools of Jurisprudence [mezahip]. Yes, as seasons
change, cloths, too, change. For different patients, different
medicines are prescribed.  Likewise, before Islam, Sharias
changed over the centuries, and judgements varied according to
the capacity of each nation. Since the details of the judgements
of Sharia are concerned with the social behaviors, they are
suited to the social structure so that they become medicine for
people's needs.  

At the time of earlier Prophets (AS) the levels of nations were
very much different from one another. They were vulgar in
behavior, and not much sophisticated intellectually. Therefore,
at those times, different Sharias came to suit their different
states.  Even in one continent, there were many Prophets (AS)
and different Sharias at the same time.  

Lastly, after the Last Prophet (SAW), social diversity and
structure together with technology considerably progressed from
its simplistic level.  As a result of many revolutions and wars,
many nations reached the level of being able to take one unique
lesson from one unique sharia and listen to one unique leader.  
Therefore, there is no need left for different Sharias and many
leaders in this age of the Qur'an and the last Prophet (SAW). 

However, since people did not reach exactly the same level and a
uniform life style, mezahip (schools) varied.  If the majority
of people, as if they are students of higher education, were to
attain one type of social life and same level of social needs,
then mezahip could be united. But the present state of the world
does not allow to achieve such union, nor could mezahip be
united.

will continue in$aallah

C*    C*    C*    C*    C*    C*    C*    C*    C*    C*    C*    C*    C* 
These translations are from the Risale-i Nur Collection of Bediuzzaman Siad
Nursi (RA) which consists of a total of 134 books in Turkish and few in Arabic.
Tranlators are a group of  students at the University of Wisconsin-Madison-WI
and Case Western Reserve University-Cleveland-OH.  All correspondence should be
directed to the e-mail address appearing in this posting.  We are posting these
translations part by part but if anyone is interested we can send the whole
topic to personal e-mail addresses.  These topics have also appeared in the
weekly letter "Droplet  -  From The Vast Ocean Of The Miraculous Qur'an"
published and distributed in the Islamic Centers of Madison-WI and Cleveland-OH
after every Friday-Prayer.  Thank you.  The Translators.
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