HDTenEightyP/NetNews huggingface dataset:
From: cohler@vxcrna.cern.ch (Mike Cohler)
Subject: Aurora
News-Software: VAX/VMS VNEWS 1.41    
Organization: European Organization for Nuclear Research, CERN
Date: Wed, 29 Jul 1992 10:14:00 GMT

A colleague showed me a cutting from one of our national newspapers
yesterday in the UK, saying that the "top secret" Aurora aircraft
had been heard/seen in the area of Machriahanish (Spelling ?) in Scotland.
It appears that the runway of this rather remote Scottish airfield
is long enough to handle the Aurora, and that the tell-tale "smoke-ring
trail" had been seen behind the aircraft.  It also seems that there are now
regular flights between the USA and the UK, and that the aircraft has
moved on from the prototype stage to "operational".  Anyone else see
the clip from the paper ?
Mike

==============================================================
|                                                            |
|        Mike Cohler -  preferred email address:             |
|                       MDC1@VAXA.YORK.AC.UK                 |
|                   ie  MDC1%VAXA.YORK.AC.UK@UKACRL.BITNET   |
|                                                            |
|        UK PPL and Glider Pilot                             |
|                                                            |
==============================================================
Newsgroups: sci.aeronautics
From: kopackm@lonex.rl.af.mil (Michael A. Kopack)
Subject: Please send me all known info on Aurora!!!!
Organization: RL
Date: Thu, 30 Jul 92 18:10:34 GMT

From what has been said in this newsgroup lately, I have become rather intreigued
with the Aurora. I first heard mention of a project called Aurora when I
attended Space Camp in 1989 from a visiting engineer, but he couldn't disclose
anything other than the projects name and the fact that it was something
"Really advanced." I didn't hear anything else about it for a while, and
had forgotten about it until Popular (Mechanics or Science) had an article
about the next generation of spyplanes and mentioned the Aurora project.
I speculated that these were the same projects.

So, could somebody please send me any info that you have on the project.
Please, nothing too secretive. I am in AFROTC and really don't want to get
booted for knowing too much about an Ultra Secret project. But, any decent
info will be appreciated. If I get enough info, I will post the results.
 

Thanks in advance,

--Mike Kopack

-- 
Mike Kopack                         | Sex, Drugs, Rock & Roll and my Amiga,
Internet : gt6758b@prism.gatech.edu | what more could anyone want?
           kopack@bugs.rl.af.mil    \              -- Me 
           kopackm@lonex.rl.af.mil   -------------------------------------------
From: zap@ucscb.UCSC.EDU (ZaP!)
Newsgroups: sci.aeronautics
Subject: pushers
Date: 27 Jul 92 17:35:22 GMT
Organization: the UCSC Irregular Rocketeers
NNTP-Posting-Host: ucscb.ucsc.edu


I would think that prop clearance would not be an issue on
tricycle geared airplanes.


-Ford					Internet: zap@ucscb.ucsc.edu
					UUCP    : zap@gorn.santa_cruz.ca.us

[Insert tautology here.]
From: dps@otter.hpl.hp.com (Duncan Smith)
Newsgroups: sci.aeronautics
Subject: Re: Aurora
Date: 31 Jul 92 13:17:54 GMT
Organization: Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, Bristol, UK.

In sci.aeronautics, cohler@vxcrna.cern.ch (Mike Cohler) writes:

> It appears that the runway of this rather remote Scottish airfield
> is long enough to handle the Aurora, and that the tell-tale "smoke-ring
> trail" had been seen behind the aircraft.  It also seems that there are now
> regular flights between the USA and the UK, and that the aircraft has
> moved on from the prototype stage to "operational".  Anyone else see
> the clip from the paper ?

No, but it has puzzled me to hear about Aurora and Machrihanish. The
runway is not particularly long - I don't have a reference handy,
but I have been there twice in two years (last time in late March)
and if anything it's rather short.

Also, the approach is *directly* over Campbeltown (a small town) -
aircraft arriving at Machrihanish are not exactly inconspicuous!!!
One day I was there a KC-135 was doing circuits ...

Unless all flights are at night, I'm very surprised that one of the
aviation magazines hasn't had a photographer up there for a few
weeks. Bound to catch it.

Machrihanish's chief advantage is physical isolation from the rest
of the UK, with 99% of the approach and 100% of the departure being
over water and on the West coast of Scotland at that.

Duncan
From: banshee@cats.ucsc.edu (Wailer at the Gates of Dawn)
Newsgroups: sci.astro
Subject: Re: First Telescope: Astroscan, C4.5
Date: 27 Jul 92 22:53:19 GMT
Organization: University of California, Santa Cruz
NNTP-Posting-Host: am.ucsc.edu


	I never liked astroscans.  They're too small but too big to carry.
I'd suggest a good pair of binoculars if you're looking at the low end of
telescopes.  11x70s are pretty nice and a bit less hefty than the 11x80s.
Binocular vision is very nice.  If you're dead set on a scope I'd suggest
finding a used 6" newtonian; cheap and effective.  Everything from Edmunds
is overpriced.

-- 
The Wailer at the Gates of Dawn              | banshee@cats.UCSC.EDU       |
Just who ARE you calling a FROOFROO Head?    |                             |
DoD#0667  "Just a friend of the beast."      | banshee@ucscb.UCSC.EDU      |
2,3,5,7,13,17,19,31,61,89,107,127,521,607....| banshee@ucscb.BITNET        |
Newsgroups: sci.astro
From: tomrice@netcom.com (Tom R. Rice)
Subject: Re: Heavy Boots
Date: Fri, 31 Jul 92 01:21:29 GMT
Organization: Netcom - Online Communication Services  (408 241-9760 guest) 

I love it!  I work in a thin-film sputtering lab where we have 
monster vacuum chambers.  Visiting layfolk are continually asking
why the stuff in the tank doesn't float around inside since there's
a vacuum in there.....

TRR   WB6BYH

-- 
==============================================================
tomrice@netcom.com              Holler Observatory 
CIS:71160,1122                  Longitude: 121 d  30 m  20 s W 
WB6BYH                          Latitude:   37 d  25 m  10 s N 
Newsgroups: sci.astro
From: gwc@csd4.csd.uwm.edu (Greg F Walz Chojnacki)
Subject: Re: First Telescope: Astroscan, C4.5
Originator: gwc@csd4.csd.uwm.edu
Reply-To: gwc@csd4.csd.uwm.edu
Organization: University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee
Date: Tue, 28 Jul 1992 13:31:57 GMT

From article <1992Jul27.211201.19928@uwm.edu>, by gwc@csd4.csd.uwm.edu (Greg F Walz Chojnacki):
> If I recall the Celestron correctly, it shares with the Astroscan the
> problem of low focal ratio, which renders it unsuitable for high-magnification
> observing (planets, double stars). The primary advantage it has over the
> Astroscan is it is more readily adapted for astrophotography -- not a 
> big deal for a beginner's scope, perhaps. The adaptation I refer to is an
> equatorial mount -- which makes it much less portable.)
>
I'm informed that the Celestron in question has a higher focal ratio (i.e. longer focal length) than I'd thought, in fact about double that of the A'scan.
This would make it OPTICALLY a more general purpose scope than the A'scan, since
at f/7.9 (I think) it could deliver fairly high mag, but also reasonably low
mag (and hence brighter) images. 

Still, I think I'd go with the Astroscan.

Greg
From: slndw@cc.usu.edu
Newsgroups: sci.astro
Subject: When is the moon??
Date: 31 Jul 92 10:54:05 MDT
Organization: Utah State University

Howdy.

I have another simple (maybe) question.

Anybody know when the moon rises/sets during
the next two weeks??



---thanks

Mark Taratoot   DoD#3323
Watershed Science Unit
Dept. of Forest Resources
Utah State University
Logan, Utah  84322-5215

SLNDW@cc.usu.edu


From: weemba@sagi.wistar.upenn.edu (Matthew P Wiener)
Newsgroups: sci.astro
Subject: Re: On the formation of black holes
Date: 22 Jul 92 14:45:45 GMT
Reply-To: weemba@sagi.wistar.upenn.edu (Matthew P Wiener)
Organization: The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology
Supersedes: <84059@netnews.upenn.edu>
In-reply-to: cpyy@vax5.cit.cornell.edu

In article <1992Jul21.085031.13874@vax5.cit.cornell.edu>, cpyy@vax5 writes:
>> And I didn't contradict this.

>So I must not have been stating \ital\complete\ital\ nonsense as
>you said earlier?

Do you know how to parse English?  I called *you* completely clueless
at one point.  I called some things nonsense, and they *were* nonsense.
And if I had called something complete nonsense, it would have been
because that something was indeed complete nonsense.   No more, no less.
You managed to get your name and e-mail address correct, for example, but
I would certainly not be disparaging your .signature by the act of calling
something else complete nonsense.

I will, however, take this opportunity to disparage your software: please
get your sysadmin to fix your setup and stop putting "Distribution: sci"
in your headings.

>> That the external observer sees infalling material disappear in a finite
>> time, contrary to what was believed three decades ago, because people
>> didn't yet understand the difference between time and t.

>I agree with this entirely.  The object absolutely falls into blackness
>and non-visibility.  This is the crux of my statement.

It is now.  In article <1992Jul14.093847.13697@vax5.cit.cornell.edu>,
you were spouting nonsense like:

| My argument (and one that has been around for a while) was that a black
| hole can not form in our reference frame.

and I've been correcting it.  You did not understand what I was saying,
so instead of asking for clarification, you started patronizing me and
other garbage.  Now you seem to be interested in the clarifications, but
don't forget they are with respect to your original confusion.

>						         Are you saying that
>the external witness can "see" or in some way be affected [by] the object
>falling across the event horizon in non-infinite time?

Huh?  he can be affected by things before the horizon, not at or after.
Meanwhile, he "sees"--whatever that means wrt black holes--a black hole
form in finite time.

>And please, enough of this "crybaby" insinuation.

Then take your whining elsewhere.  Period.
-- 
-Matthew P Wiener (weemba@sagi.wistar.upenn.edu)
From: ecu@ac.dal.ca
Newsgroups: sci.astro
Subject: Re: ST-4 & PHOTOMETRY - ST-6 ??
Date: 29 Jul 92 21:56:28 -0300
Organization: Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada

In article <3152@ra.nrl.navy.mil>, wang@cedar.nrl.navy.mil (Dennis Wang) writes:
> I would like to hear of experiences with the ST-6 camera from SBIG.  I am about to spend $3k on one, probably within the next two weeks.

Dennis:
	Jack Newton, the renowned "film" astrophotographer presented a
paper at the recent General Assembly of the RASC in Calgary on his
work with an ST-6.  

	The results are no less than marvelous!  His is reaching 21st
mag with his 25 inch scope and as he says: "blowing the doors out of
the Palomar Sky Survey"!

	I think your purchase will be worthwhile.  I just got a job *today*
to be the new ast. tech at the Dept of Astronomy here in Halifax Nova Scotia
and there's a new ST-6 awaiting my grips when I start my job near the
end of August ... Can't wait...Dave

-- 
------------------------------------------------------------------
David Lane - Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada --- Email: ECU@ac.dal.ca
------------------------------------------------------------------
Newsgroups: sci.astro
From: mpj@hemlock.cray.com (M. P. Johnson)
Subject: Convex secondary mirror available ?
Originator: mpj@hemlock
Organization: Cray Research, France.
Date: 22 Jul 92 08:13:24 CDT


Hi All,

I am planning to make a Newtonian reflector with an f/4.5 mirror.
I would like to be able to switch to a longer focal ratio by
changing the configuration to a Cassagrain-Coude one. Of course I
would need a convex (hyperbolic) secondary mirror to diverge the beam.

My question is one of availability. Since it is tricky to make a
good hyperboloidal mirror at home, I am looking for a source for one.

Does anyone know of a firm (or private enterprise) in Europe or
the States that could provide such a mirror ? Are there any "standard"
convex mirrors (ie particular radii of curvature) that can be ordered
"off the shelf" ? Or is this so particular that one needs to get a
special order through a glassmaker/optician ?

Should I forget the idea and just use a Barlow lens ? Which is better ?
(a 3x Barlow could get me f/13.5, suitable for planetary astrophotography)

Thanks for your interest and comments.
Astronomically yours,

Marvin Johnson, Cray France, Paris.
Newsgroups: sci.astro,rec.radio.amateur.misc,rec.radio.shortwave
From: oler@rho.uleth.ca (Cary Oler)
Subject: Daily Solar Geophysical Data Broadcast for 28 July
Organization: University of Lethbridge
Date: 29 Jul 92 03:13:19 GMT

!!BEGIN!! (1.0) S.T.D. Solar Geophysical Data Broadcast for DAY 210, 07/28/92
10.7 FLUX=095.6  90-AVG=126        SSN=066      BKI=4432 2212  BAI=012
BGND-XRAY=B1.3     FLU1=9.5E+04  FLU10=1.1E+04  PKI=4543 3333  PAI=022
  BOU-DEV=052,060,030,018,015,015,008,010   DEV-AVG=026 NT     SWF=00:000
 XRAY-MAX= B4.1   @ 2138UT    XRAY-MIN= B1.2   @ 2207UT   XRAY-AVG= B1.4
NEUTN-MAX= +004%  @ 0410UT   NEUTN-MIN= -001%  @ 2305UT  NEUTN-AVG= +0.5%
  PCA-MAX= +0.1DB @ 1240UT     PCA-MIN= -0.2DB @ 2215UT    PCA-AVG= -0.0DB
BOUTF-MAX=55249NT @ 0006UT   BOUTF-MIN=55202NT @ 1658UT  BOUTF-AVG=55229NT
GOES7-MAX=E:+128NT@ 0533UT   GOES7-MIN=N:-020NT@ 0413UT  G7-AVG=+075,+058,+007
GOES6-MAX=P:+141NT@ 0002UT   GOES6-MIN=E:-009NT@ 1545UT  G6-AVG=+087,+011,+039
 FLUXFCST=STD:098,100,100;SESC:100,100,100 BAI/PAI-FCST=010,010,010/015,015,010
    KFCST=2234 3222 2234 3222  27DAY-AP=016,020   27DAY-KP=3332 3334 3554 2223
 WARNINGS=
   ALERTS=
!!END-DATA!!
Newsgroups: sci.astro
From: bx372@cleveland.Freenet.Edu (Mr. Arthur J. Musgrove)
Subject: Re: ST-4 & PHOTOMETRY
Reply-To: bx372@cleveland.Freenet.Edu (Mr. Arthur J. Musgrove)
Organization: Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (USA)
Date: Sun, 26 Jul 92 23:10:56 GMT


In a previous article, malcolm@hpwin052.uksr.hp.com (Malcolm Porter) says:

> I would be interested in hearing about anyone's experienc
I have helped a college professor with the installation of one and we have
taken a few shots of the sky with it and measured the brightnesses with the
software..  They were not very accurate as in 1/10th of a magnitude but I
believe that this should be accurate enough for a lot of applications..
Another problem is the small field of view...  In order to get a good
reduction of noise, light pollution etc.  the comparison star should be on
the same shot with the ccd chip...

In summary, it could be done with just a bit of enginuity...
								Peter..
-- 
                       					AstroComp....
	         			Specializing in UNIX SECURITY
                                           For more info call PETER @
					         1-504-766-0113
From: gliba@scivax.stsci.edu
Subject: Re: Update on Nova Cygni 1992
Organization: Space Telescope Science Institute
Distribution: na
Date: Tue, 21 Jul 1992 15:43:03 GMT

From: F1.DAO@isumvs.iastate.edu (David Oesper)
Subject: Update on Nova Cygni 1992
Date: Tue, 21 Jul 1992 05:09:22 GMT

>I measured the visual magnitude of Nova Cygni 1992 this evening to
>be 8.5 (visual; 21 JUL 1992  4:20 UT).  Thus it has changed very
>little since G.W. Gliba's post here on June 1 stating that "the nova
>seemed to hold fairly steady at about 8.4 magnitude in May".

>To make the estimate, I used the very excellent preliminary charts
>available from the AAVSO ("b" chart dated 02/92, "d" chart dated
>03/92).

>David Oesper  (S Per)
>Ames, Iowa

My observations of Nova Cygni made last night agree well with David
Oesper. Using my 3 inch f6 newtonian, I estimated the nova on 21 July
at 02:30 UT to be 8.4 magnitude. As mentioned before, the light curve
for this star looks very much like that of Nova Herculis 1963.


G.W. Gliba - 'I would rather see starlight than streetlights'
Newsgroups: sci.astro
From: chrisj@netcom.com (Christopher T. Jewell)
Subject: Re: What was the name of that damaged observatory?
Date: Fri, 24 Jul 92 17:16:47 GMT
Organization: Netcom - Online Communication Services  (408 241-9760 guest) 
Summary: Big Bear, thank you all
Distribution: ca
Keywords: earthquake damage

In article <tvgmltb.chrisj@netcom.com> chrisj@netcom.com (Christopher T. Jewell) writes:
>About 10 days ago there was an article in sci.astro reporting damage
>to an astronomical observatory from the earthquake activity in
>southern California.  I failed to save the article, and now it has
>expired here.  If someone can email me a copy of the article, or at
>least the name of the affected observatory, I would appreciate it.
>
>adTHANKSvance

Thank you to all who reminded me that it was Big Bear Solar Observatory.
(Also to those who mentioned Goldstone, but it was Big Bear that I had
been thinking of.)

-- 
Chris      		at home:  chrisj@netcom.com
(Christopher T. Jewell)	at work:  chrisj@dbaccess.com   mips!troi!chrisj
From: TW.MB8@isumvs.iastate.edu (craig trumbo)
Subject: Re: To anybody who is interesting in science
Organization: Iowa State University, Ames IA
Distribution: usa
Date: Wed, 29 Jul 1992 19:55:29 GMT

In article <AJ1LepIar4@tk.mainet.msk.su>,
marina@tk.mainet.msk.su (Naumenko M.V.) writes:
>        We need information about Funds and other  organizations
>        Best regards.                 Marina V.Naumenko
>
Can someone out there with ALPO send them information on
the International Solar System Observer's Fund?

Newsgroups: sci.astro
From: anderson@fermi.phys.ualberta.ca (Warren G. Anderson)
Subject: Re: On the formation of black holes
Organization: University Of Alberta, Edmonton Canada
Date: Tue, 28 Jul 1992 18:01:03 GMT

In article <84593@netnews.upenn.edu> weemba@sagi.wistar.upenn.edu (Matthew P  
Wiener) writes:
> 
> Earlier we agreed to ignore the horizon expanding as the object falls in,
> as a simplification.  If we don't, doesn't this cut off the emissions?

I'm not sure. I have been doing quite a bit of work with the Vaidya metric
lately, which is essentially Schwarzschild with infalling null dust. However,
I have a very hard time visualizing the causal structure of these spacetimes.
The easiest case I guess is an infalling thin spherical shell. In this case,
I think the observer (who must have experienced an infinte force to stay 
stationary, incidentally) would see last emissions on the new (2(M+dm))
horizon. It's kinda weird cause future infinity on the Penrose diagram
seems to get shifted spatially (if that means anything to you), so I'm not
sure what's happening there. I think the observer still see emissions forever,
but don't hold me to that :-).
--
########################## _`|'_ ##############################################
##  Warren G. Anderson     |o o| "... for its truth does not matter, and is  ##
##  Dept. of Physics       ( ^ )  unimaginable." -J. Ashbery, The New Spirit ##
##  University of Alberta  /\-/\      (anderson@fermi.phys.ualberta.ca)      ##
Newsgroups: sci.astro
Subject: Re: Phobos and Deimos
From: jgreen@zeus.calpoly.edu (James T. Green)
Date: Sat, 25 Jul 1992 23:59:36 GMT
Organization: California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo

frisbee@jpl-devvax.jpl.nasa.gov (Tyler Brown) speakith unto us:
>I know that the moon Phobos means "fear" and was a consort of the God
>of war (Mars/Ares), but I forget what "Deimos" means. Could someone
>remind me?

Demos = Panic.  

P & D are either Mars' (Ares' in Greek) war horses, or his 
sons, depending on what myth version your reading.
 

/~~~(-: James T. Green :-)~~~~~(-: jgreen@eros.calpoly.edu :-)~~~\ 
| "Once you can accept the universe as being something expanding | 
| into an infinite nothing which is something, wearing stripes   | 
| with plaid is easy."                                           |
|                               <Albert Einstein>                |

Newsgroups: sci.astro
From: hank@well.sf.ca.us (Hank Roberts)
Subject: Re: Binocular opinions wanted....
Organization: Whole Earth 'Lectronic Link
Date: Wed, 29 Jul 1992 00:32:40 GMT


I'd very much appreciate pointers to sources less expensive than Orion,
for decent 'knockabout' sky-watching binoculars, as well as recommendations
on specific models. I've been hesitating, but ..... soon!  My old binox
are now a monocular with a large handle, and too old to be worth fixing.
From: Frederick.A.Ringwald@dartmouth.edu (Frederick A. Ringwald)
Newsgroups: sci.astro
Subject: Re: Stellar Structure References
Date: 30 Jul 92 11:21:35 GMT
Organization: Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH

In article <4350007@hpcc01.corp.hp.com>
flower@hpcc01.corp.hp.com (Graham Flower) writes:

>  Can somebody recommend a popular or more demanding book that discusses
>       the (Bethe) sequence of nuclear reactions that explains the evolution
>       of Stars and the distribution of chemical abundances in the universe.

Sure. In order of difficulty:

The New Cosmos, by Alrecht Unsoeld (this has recently been revised with
a co-author)

The Physical Universe, by Frank Shu (who has also come out with two
advanced volumes, the Physics of Astrophysics, on Radiation and Gas
Dynamics, both of which are skimpy on nuclear physics: he just
references Clayton)

Introduction to Stellar Astrophysics, vol. 3, by Erika Boehm-Vitnese (I
especially liked vol. 2 of this series, as a good, basic, thorough
introduction to stellar atmospheres)

and, on an intermediate level,

Bowers and Deeming, Astrophysics I: Stars (ch. 7) Good stuff!

Also, you can't go too wrong with Clayton's book, but with the Feynman
diagrams and the chapter on nucleosynthesis, it helps to have some
cushions. Another book you should know about, if you like this stuff,
is:

Rolfs and Rodney, Cauldrons on the Cosmos,

as far as I know the only intended text just on nuclear astrophysics,
with a particularly interesting section on laboratory experiments.

Fred Ringwald
Department of Physics & Astronomy
Dartmouth College
Hanover, NH 03755-3528
Newsgroups: sci.astro
Subject: Re: Standard model of QSOs
From: harper@kauri.vuw.ac.nz (John Harper)
Date: Mon, 27 Jul 1992 22:25:21 GMT
Distribution: sci
Organization: Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand

In article <Bs1878.5Hw@well.sf.ca.us> metares@well.sf.ca.us (Tom Van Flandern) writes:
>
>     To me, cool for supermassive stars means < 10 K or so.  [I assumed you
>meant T = 1 K in the above.]
 
Do we have here a definitive argument for using "degrees K" instead of just 
"K" to mean Kelvin temperature? There seems to be some confusion with K=1000 
or K=1024 above! (I assume those stars are really < 10 kK in SI units)  

John Harper Mathematics Dept. Victoria University Wellington New Zealand
Newsgroups: sci.astro
From: anderson@fermi.phys.ualberta.ca (Warren G. Anderson)
Subject: Re: On the formation of black holes
Organization: University Of Alberta, Edmonton Canada
Distribution: na
Date: Fri, 31 Jul 1992 20:25:43 GMT

In article <21066@suned1.Nswses.Navy.MIL> slb@slced1.nswses.navy.mil (Shari L  
Brooks) writes:
> What is a Penrose diagram?

It's a diagram that one can use to understand the causal structure of
a spherically symmetric (black hole) spacetime. One uses a conformal
transforamtion to represent the entire (infinite) manifold in a
finite diagram. It would be difficult to explain well with ASCII 
graphics. If you can get your hands on a copy of "Gravitation" by
Misner, Thorne and Wheeler they give an brief introduction in Chapter
34. A better (in my opinion) explanation can be found in Hawking and
Ellis's "The Large Scale Structure of Space-Time", but for the 
uninitiated, this book is rather heavy going. Hope that helps. If not,
get back in touch and I'll see if I can be a bit more helpful.

--
########################## _`|'_ ##############################################
##  Warren G. Anderson     |o o| "... for its truth does not matter, and is  ##
##  Dept. of Physics       ( ^ )  unimaginable." -J. Ashbery, The New Spirit ##
##  University of Alberta  /\-/\      (anderson@fermi.phys.ualberta.ca)      ##