From: trh@jack.sns.com (Al Trh)
Newsgroups: soc.culture.turkish
Subject: News Dec 14 (from Haluk)
Date: 15 Dec 1992 02:27:36 -0600
Organization: UTexas Mail-to-News Gateway
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Forwarded message:
>From cms1.ucs.leeds.ac.uk!TEX5HAD Mon Dec 14 11:36:33 1992
Via: uk.ac.leeds.ucs.cms1; Mon, 14 Dec 1992 19:24:05 +0000
Date: Mon, 14 Dec 92 19:23:03 GMT
From: Haluk DEMIRBAG <TEX5HAD@cms1.ucs.leeds.ac.uk>
Subject: News Dec 14 (fwd)
To: TRH@JACK.SNS.COM, TOPRAK@MCIMAIL.COM
Message-Id: <14 Dec 92 19:23:42 GMT #4597@UK.AC.LEEDS.CMS1>

- Serbs agree to lift up the siege of Sarajevo
- Delors: EC not ready to intervene in former Yugoslavia
- Eagleburger: U.S. to seek enforcement on |'no-fly|' zone
- Macedonia discouraged by EC, confident of U.N.

Subject: Serbs agree to lift up the siege of Sarajevo

        SARAJEVO, Bosnia-Herzegovina (UPI) -- Leaders of the warring Serbs,
Croats and Muslim Slavs in Bosnia-Herzegovina signed an agreement Sunday
which could end the 8-month-long Serbian siege of Sarajevo and ensure a
nationwide cease-fire if implemented.
        Military officials of Bosnian Serbs, Muslim Slav-dominated government
forces, and Bosnian Croats agreed Sunday to open ``three corridors for
freedom of movement for civilians, irrespective of ethnic background or
religion, in the region of Sarajevo.''
        The agreement was signed by Serbian Gen. Milan Gvero, Col. Stjepan
Siber of the predominantly Muslim Slav Bosnia-Hezegovina army and Dario
Kordic of the Croatian Defense Council.
        ``All sides reaffirm their commitment to an unconditional cease-fire
throughout Bosnia-Herzegovina,'' the agreement said. ``As a further
concrete step ... towards ending the state of war, the undersigned agree
to freedom of movement within and around Sarajevo.''
        Freedom of movement will initially be confined to the three corridors
controlled by U.N. Protection Force or UNPROFOR in Sarajevo. Only
children up to the age of 15, women, the very sick and the elderly will
be allowed to use them.
        The agreement followed days of speculation in the United States and
EC over a possible change in U.N. policy towards Bosnia-Herzegovina.
        The recent upsurge of fighting around Sarajevo and the effective
collapse of the Nov. 12 cease-fire had been expected to trigger
revisions in the existing U.N. stance ruling out international military
intervention in the Bosnian war.
        French Gen. Philippe Morillon, commander of UNPROFOR in Bosnia-
Herzegovina, and Indian Gen. Satish Nambiar, head of U.N. forces in
former Yugoslavia, were to submit reports to U.N. Secretary-General
Boutros Boutros-Ghali and the Security Council in Geneva on Tuesday and
Wednesday.
        And Secretary of State Lawrence Eagleburger said the United States
was ready to seek enforcement of the ``no fly zone'' over Bosnia and was
proposing international action to prevent warfare from spreading to
nearby nations.
        Eagleburger Saturday told the Washington Post in an airborne news
conference en route to Stockholm, Sweden, that President Bush has
decided to ask American allies and the U.N. Security Council to enforce
the ban, and was considering such options as shooting down violators.
        Bush, arriving back at the White House Sunday after a weekend at Camp
David, Md., said: ``Stay tuned, stay tuned,'' when asked if he was now
ready to seek enforcement of the ban -- established by the U.N. Security
Council in October but allegedly violated more than 200 times by Serb
aircraft.
        The war in Bosnia-Herzegovina erupted in late March when Serbian
guerrillas, supported by the Serbian-led Yugoslav army and backed by the
Communist regime in Belgrade, launched a campaign to carve out a self-
declared ``Serbian state'' in a bid to merge it with neighboring Serbia.
        In the past eight months, Bosnian Serb forces have taken control of
more than 70 percent of the ``Serbian state'' for 1.4 million Christian
Orthodox Serbs, who make only 31 percent of the republic's original
population of 4.4 million.
        Most of the republic's original 1.9 million Muslim Slavs and 750,000
Roman Catholic Croats oppose the partition of Bosnia-Hercegovina and
prefer to keep it an independent state.
        Sunday, even as the 21-member round-table conference was taking place
in a cramped room of an office building at Sarajevo airport, shell
explosions and small-arms fire could be heard in the surrounding area.
        Morillon acknowledged the latest agreement could be broken as easily
as previous accords signed by the three military groups.
        ``I'm not telling you that we've established peace today,'' he said,
adding a conclusive settlement rests with political, not military
leaders.
        ``We have made a concrete step forward (with) these corridors ... to
open the doors of Sarajevo,'' he said. ``You will see that they will be
progressively opened.''
        He said U.N. soldiers would be deployed from Monday to prepare for
the opening of the corridors.
        Emerging from the conference room, Serbian Gen. Gvero said the
agreement fell short of a comprehensive peace proposal presented by the
Serb delegation.Earlier, Gvero had accused the Muslim Slavs and Croats
of wishing to prolong the war in order to induce U.N. military
intervention.
        ``I accepted and signed,'' Gvero said leaving the conference, ``but
we hadprepared much more.''
        He denied the Bosnian Serbs hoped to implement ``ethnic cleansing'' --
or the removal of non-serbs -- in Sarajevo by acceding to the free-
passage agreement.
        ``Why should anyone want to go out if he likes it where he is?''
Gvero asked, adding not only Muslim Slavs could leave the city, but also
Serbs and Croats.
        Besieged Sarajevo has been hard hit and was entering its second week
without electricity. A large number of the city's estimated 380,000
people are suffering from exposure, huddled in wrecked buildings without
heat.
        The population, already weakened by malnourishment, faces the
prospect of at least several more days without heat because fighting has
consistently stopped engineers from repairing damaged installations.
        Gas supplies in the predominantly Muslim Slav city of Sarajevo are
sufficient only for cooking, while water supplies are erratic and in
some cases non-existant. The city's telephone system has stopped
working.
        Sarajevo Radio carried urgent appeals Sunday from the towns of
Cerska, Zepa, Zvornik and Gorazde, where food and medical supplies are
chronically depleted.
        A twice-daily armored shuttle was resumed to carry personnel between
the UNPROFOR headquarters in Sarajevo and the U.N. forward command in
the neaby town of Kiseljak.
=========================================================================
Subject: Delors: EC not ready to intervene in former Yugoslavia

        PARIS (UPI) -- The European Community by itself is not in a position
to intervene militarily in the war-torn remnants of Yugoslavia, European
Commission President Jacques Delors said Sunday.
        ``The 12 EC member states do not currently have an agreement on
either the principle or the methods for intervention,'' Delors said in
an interview on the French television channel France. However, he said a
military operation was necessary.
        It was vital to have a ``credible threat'' with which to confront the
Serbs, whom Delors described as the main culprits in the conflict.
Serbian guerrillas, supported by the Serbian-led Yugoslav army and
backed by the Communist regime in Belgrade, have launched a campaign to
carve out a self-declared ``Serbian state'' from predominantly Muslim
Slav Bosnia-Herzegovina. This ``Serbian state'' would be merged with
neighboring Serbia.
        Delors said a show of force was necessary but could not at present be
provided by the European Community, even under the flag of the United
Nations.
        Delors said he disagreed with European heads of government who
believe public opinion, although currently in favor of military
intervention, would change once European troops got involved in the mire
of Bosnia.
        ``The risk has to be taken,'' he said.
        The situation has become increasingly perilous for the U.N
peacekeeping troops risking their lives in the war-torn region, Delors
said, adding: ``It cannot continue like that.''
        He said it was for this reason that heads of government meeting this
weekend at the European Council summit in Edinburgh, Scotland, demanded
the United Nations use force to enforce its ban on Serbian aircraft
flights over Bosnia.
        Delors also said the way the United States had taken charge of the U.
N. humanitarian operation in Somalia was a ``warning to Europe.''
        ``I cannot accept watching a Europe that can only follow in the
United States' footsteps. I am for a Europe that should be both powerful
and generous,'' he said.
        Delors said humanitarian action by itself was not enough to solve the
problems of Somalia and the many other similar situations in the world.
It could not replace a ``realistic political vision,'' he said.
        The European Commission president expressed ``satisfaction'' with the
results of the Edinburgh summit.
        He said the Community showed its ability to tackle such obstacles as
economic stagnation, monetary fluctuations, the Danish ``no'' vote
rejecting a treaty on economic and political union, and disputes between
member states.
        Referring to applications by Austria and the Scandanavian countries
to join the European Community, Delors estimated that by 1995 the E.C.
could be 15 or 16 strong.
        But, he warned, ``It is not a self-service Community where everyone
takes what they want. They have to accept the whole thing.''
=========================================================================
Subject: Eagleburger: U.S. to seek enforcement on \'no-fly\' zone

        WASHINGTON (UPI) -- Secretary of State Lawrence Eagleburger says the
United States is ready to seek enforcement of the ``no-fly zone'' over
Bosnia and is proposing international action to prevent warfare from
spreading to nearby nations, The Washington Post reported Sunday.
        Eagleburger, in an airborne news conference en route to Stockholm,
said President Bush has decided to ask American allies and the U.N.
Security Council to enforce the ban, and is considering such options as
shooting down violators.
        Bush, arriving back at the White House Sunday after a weekend at Camp
David, Md., said: ``Stay tuned, stay tuned,'' when asked if he was now
ready to seek enforcement of the ban.
        Eagleburger's comments came shortly after President-elect Bill
Clinton called Friday for enforcement of the Bosnian ``no-fly zone,''
which was established by the U.N. Security Council in October but has
been violated more than 200 times by Serb aircraft, according to the U.
N.
        Eagleburger, sworn in this week to replace James Baker as secretary
of State, said the main reason for a more active U.S. policy is that
``the situation is deteriorating,'' especially in Bosnia, as winter
threatens to take its toll on people who have been suffering from civil
war and shortages of food and fuel since April.
        He told the Post that in considering its policy, the Bush
administration concluded that the Balkans, like Somalia, is a man-made
disaster too big to ``simply ignore and leave to the next
administration.''
        ``We need to try to deal with it so it is at least as containable and
manageable as possible when the new administration comes in'' and in a
way that ``doesn't foreclose Clinton's options,'' Eagleburger was quoted
as saying.
        The United States was a key advocate of the U.N. ban on military
aircraft flights in Bosnia in October, but was unable to persuade the
British and French, who are concerned about retaliation against their
peacekeeping forces on the ground, to approve measures to enforce the
ban.
        Eagleburger conceded there have been ``arguments within the U.S.
government'' on the issue, but said Bush was now considering such
methods of enforcement as shooting down any Serb aircraft violators or
bombing Serb airfields.
        A White House spokesman said he had no comment on the report.
        But Vice President-elect Al Gore, appearing on CBS's ``Face the
Nation'' program, said he and Clinton were supportive of any such action
by Bush, and were further heartened by what appears to be a more
activist posture on the part of European allies.
        ``Europe should understand the effect on thinking in the Islamic
world caused by a failure to respond more forcefully,'' he said, adding
Clinton had urged such an action during the presidential campaign.
        ``We support the activities of President Bush in trying to establish
a capacity for enforcing this no-fly zone,'' Gore added, including the
use of American troops, if necessary.
        Eagleburger said he would raise the question of a U.N. enforcement
resolution in discussions he will be having in Geneva and Brussels in
the coming week and that he would also raise the possibility of some
international action to head off the spread of the Balkan strife to the
neighboring countries, including Albania, Macedonia, Greece, Bulgaria,
and perhaps others.
=========================================================================
Subject: Macedonia discouraged by EC, confident of U.N.

        SKOPJE, Macedonia (UPI) -- Macedonia will take its quest for
international recognition to the U.N. Security Council this week,
following the European Community's failure to overcome fierce Greek
opposition to the move, senior officials said Sunday.
        The former Yugoslav republic, they said, would apply Wednesday to the
Security Council for U.N. membership, approval of which would be
tantamount to recognition.
        Macedonian President Kiro Gligorov planned to discuss the issue
Monday in Stockholm, Sweden with visiting Secretary of State Lawrence
Eagleburger during a session of the Conference on Security and
Cooperation in Europe, the officials said.
        He planned Tuesday to lobby French President Francois Mitterrand
during a one-day visit to Paris, they said.
        Macedonian officials are concerned that France or the United States,
both among the five permanent Security Council members, could bow to
Greek pressure and block any decision on recognition by using their
vetoes.
        The 12 EC leaders on Saturday ended a summit in the Scottish capital
Edinburgh without recognizing the independence of Macedonia because they
were unable to convince Greece to agree.
        ``There is a real sense of disapointment,'' said Hristo Nikovski,
Macedonia's undersecretary for foreign affairs. ``We expected that the
EC would find the way out of this because the whole blockage is contrary
to the spirit of the EC itself.
        ``The EC has proved incapable of solving regional problems,'' he
said.
        Macedonia declared its independence from the defunct Yugoslav
federation late last year.
        Greece, which borders the former Yugoslav republic to the south,
opposes its use of the name Macedonia. Athens claims Greece has a
historic right to the name because it was the title of the ancient
kingdom of fabled King Alexander the Great.
        It also asserts that its tiny, impoverished neighbor's use of the
name implies territorial claims on the northern Greek province of
Macedonia.
        Western diplomats said they believe Greek Prime Minister Konstantin
Mitsotakis has exploited the issue to whip up domestic political support
for his government.
        ``Greece has put its Balkan interests ahead of its European ones,''
one Western diplomat said.
        Nikovski said he was confident of a positive hearing in the United
Nations following last week's decision by the U.N. Security Council to
deploy 700 peacekeeping troops on Macedonia's northern border with
Serbia.
        Macedonia requested the troops because it feared that the longer it
goes without international recognition, the greater the chances it could
suffer the kind of serious upheavals now wrecking other parts of the
former Yugoslavia.
        There also are concerns that an outbreak of turmoil in Serbia's
adjacent province of Kosovo, the ethnic Albanian majority of which is
demanding independence, could spill into Macedonia's own ethnic Albanian
community.
        In addition, leaders of Macedonia's 400,000-member ethnic Albanian
minority -- 20 percent of the population -- have been agitating for
greater self-rule.
        ``There is a danger that social tensions will rise dramatically,''
said Gunar Ismail, Macedonia's culture minister. ``We are living in a
vacuum.''
        Non-recognition has added to severe economic woes that Macedonia is
suffering because of the U.N. sanctions on Serbia, once its major
trading partner, and because of the unofficial trade blockade imposed by
Greece aimed at forcing it to change its name.
        Most of landlocked Macedonia's commerce came over land from Serbia or
through Greece's northern port of Thessaloniki.
        Macedonia, the poorest of the six republics of former Yugoslavia, now
is trying to reorient its trade toward Albania to the west and Bulgaria
to the east.
        On Sunday, Gligorov joined Albanian President Sali Berisha in opening
two new crossings on the Macedonian-Albanian border.
            _
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