From: vprasad@uoft02.utoledo.edu
Newsgroups: rec.food.veg
Subject: Re: How To Win an Argument with a Meat Eater
Date: 25 Aug 92 21:07:30 EST
Organization: University of Toledo, Computer Services

> srm@comp.lancs.ac.uk (Simon Monk) writes:
> 
>Thank you for posting this. As a recent convert to vegitarianism I am aware
>of the health benefits. However It worries me when I see claims like :-
> 
>>    Cut all meat, dairies and eggs from
>>    your diet, and you reduce your risk by 90%. (of Heart attack)
> 
>This just seems to be too good to be true. It would be just so more
>impressive if it was followed by a REPUTABLE reference. Eg the British
>Medical Journal or US equivalent.
> 
>Does anyone have any such sources for claims such as these ?

	I have extracted a *huge* list of references to support these claims,
	from this net about an year ago. Thanks to Paul Houtz for providing
	the references. Tara has already provided the Realities 1989, which
	was an extract from "Diet For A New America". The following list is
	just in case if you consider DfNA to be a biased source. Good luck.

	Siva Prasad				vprasad@uoft02.utoledo.edu
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From: gph@hpindda.cup.hp.com (Paul Houtz)

 I summarize by quoting a fairly widely read publication which represents the
 MOST mainstream scientific organization in the U.S., which editorialized:

 "A vegetarian diet can prevent 97% of our [society's] coronary  occlusions."

 This publication was not the Vegetarian Times, nor was it the New Age 
 Journal.  It was the Journal of the American Medical Association: "Diet and
 Stress in Vascular Disease," Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol
 197, No. 9., 1961, pg 806.

 Note the date.  1961.  This is how long this information has been known. And
 this is how long the animal food industry has been trying to suppress the
 information

 Here is a partial list of references:
 
 Gordon, T., "Premature Mortality from Coronary Heart Disease:  The  Framingham
 Study," Journal of the American Medical Association, 215:1617, 1971
 Bainton, C., "Deaths From Coronary Heart Disease...:" New England Journal of
 Medicine, 168:569, 1963
 Kannel, W., "Incidence and Prognosis of Unrecognized Myocardial Infarction, An
 Update on the Framingham Study," New England Journal of Medicine, 311:
 1144,1984
 Ornish, D., "Effecgts of Stress Management Training and Dietary Changes  in
 Treating Isochemic Heart Disease," Journal of the American Medical 
 Association, 249:54,1983
 Thuesen, L., "Beneficial Effect of a Lowfat Low-Calorie Diet on ...Angina
 Pectoris," Lancet, 2:59, 1984
 Ellis, F., "Angina and Vegan Diet," American Heart Journal, 93:803, 1977
 Pritikin, N., "Diet and Excercise as a Total Therapeutic Regimen for... Severe
 Peripherial Vascular Disease," 52nd Annual Session of the American Congress of
 Rehabilitationb Medicine, Atlanta, 1975
 Ribeiro, J., "The Effectiveness of a Low Lipid Diet...Coronary Artery
 Disease," American Heart Journal, 108:1183, 1984
 Goldman, L., "The Decline in Ischemic Heart Disease Mortality Rates..." Annals
 of Internal Medicine, 101:825, 1984
 Editorial: "Trials of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention," Lancet, 2:803,1982
 Gordon, T., "Diet and its Relation to Coronary Heart Disease..." Cierculation,
 63:500, 1981
 Kallio, V., "Reduction in Sudden Deaths...After Acute Myocardial Infarction,"
 Lancet, 2:1091, 1979
 Lipid Research Clinics Program.  The lipid Research Clinics Primary Prevention
 Trial Results, I.  Reduction in Incidence of Coronary Heart Disease, Jornal of
 the American Medical Assocation, 251:351, 1984 Lipid Research Clinics Program. 
 The lipid Research Clinics Primary Prevention Trial Results, II.  The
 Relationship of Reduction in Incidence of Coronary Heart Disease to
 Cholesterol Lowering, Journal of the American Medical ASsociation, 251:365,
 1984 
 Connor, W., "The Key Role of Nutritional Factors in the Prevention of 
 Coronary Heart Disease," Preventive Medicine, 1:49, 1972
 Taylor, C., "Spontaneously Occurring...of Cholesterol," American Journal of
 Clinical Nutrition, 32:40, 1979
 Welch, C., "Cinecoronary Arteriography...,"Circulation, 42:647, 1970 Page, I.,
 "Prediction of Coronary Heart Disease...," Circulation, 42:625,  1970
 Zampogna, A., "Relationship Between Lipids and Occlusive Coronary Artery 
 Disease," Archives of Internal Medicine, 140:1067, 1980
 Cohn, P., "Serum Lipid Levels and Coronary Artery Disease," Annals of 
 Internal Medicine, 84:241, 1976
 Jenkins, P.,m "Severity of Coronary Artherosclerosis...," British Medical
 Journal, 2:388, 1978
 Kannel, W., "Cholesterol in the Prediction of Atherosclerosis Disease:  New 
 Perspectives Based on the Framingham Study," Annals of Internal Medicine,
 90:85, 1979 
 Anderson, J., "The Dependence of the Effects of Cholesterol ...," American
 Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 39:589, 1984
 Jackson, R., "Influence of Polyunsaturated and Saturated Fats...",  American
 Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 39:589, 1976
 Flynn, M., "Serum Lipids in Humans Fed Diets Containing Beef or Fish or and
 Poultry," American Journal of Clinical Nutricion, 34:2734, 1981
 Flynn, M., "Dietary 'Meats' and Serum Lipids," American Journal of Clinical
 Nutrition, 35:935, 1982
 Obrien, B., "Human Plasma Lipid Responses to Red Meat, Poultry, Fish and 
 Eggs," American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 33:2575, 1980
 Acheson, R., "Does Consumption of Fruit and Vegetables Protect Agains 
 Stroke?" Lancet, 1:1191, 1983
 Shekelle, R., "Diet, Serum Cholesterol and Death From Coronary Heart 
 Disease," New England Journal of Medicine, 304:65, 1981
 Burkitt, D., "Some Diseases Characteristic of Modern Western Civilization,"
 British Medical Journal, 1:274, 1973
 Mattson, F., "Effect of Dietary Cholesterol on Serum Cholesterol in Man,"
 American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 25:589, 1972
 Keys, A., "Serum Cholesterol Response to Changes in Dietary Lipids,"  American
 Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 19:175, 1966
 Carroll, K. "Hypocholesterolemic Effect of...," Amreican Journal of Clinical
 Nutrition, 31:1312, 1978
 Kritchevsky, D. "Dietary Fiber and Other Dietary Factors in
 Hypercholesterema," American Journal of clinical Nutrition, 30:979, 1977
 Taik Lee, Kyu, "Geographic Studies of Atherosclerosis:  The effect of a 
 Strict Vegetarian Diet..." Archives of Environmental Health, 4:14, 1962
 Walden, R., "Effect of ... Among Seventh Day Adventists," American Journal of
 Medicine, 36:271, 1964
 Hardinge, M., "Nutritional Studies of Vegetarians: IV. Dietary Fatty Acids and
 Serum Cholesterol Levels, " American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,  10:522,
 1962
 Barrow, J., "Studies in Atherosclerosis...," Annals of Internal Medicine,  
 52:372, 1960
 Keys, A., "Serum Cholesterol...The Effect of Cholesterol in the Diet,"
 Metabolism, 14:759, 1965
 Keys, A., "Serum Cholesterol...Particular Saturated Fatty Acids," Metabolism,
 14:776, 1965
 Hegsted, D., "Quantitative Effects of Dietary Fat on Serum Cholesterol in 
 Man," American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 19:281, 1965
 Mahley, R., "Alteration sin ... Plasma Cholesterol, Induced by Diets High in
 Cholesterol," Lancet, 2:807, 1978
 Kannell, W., "Serum Cholesterol, Lipoproteins, and the Risk of Coronary Heart
 Disease," Annals of Internal Medicine, 74:1, 1971
 Castelli, W., "HDL-Cholesterol...in Coronary Heart Disease," Circulation,
 55:767, 1977
 Robertson, T., "Epidemiologic Studies of Coronary Hart Disease and 
 Stroke...," American Jounal of Cardiology, 39:244, 1977
 Miettinen, M., "Effect of Cholesterol-Lowering Diet on Mortality from 
 Coronary Heart Disease...," Lancet, 2:835, 1972
 Hill, P., "Diet, Life-Style, and Menstrual Activity," American Journal of
 Clinical Nutrition, 33:1192, 1980 
 Staszewski, J., "Age at Menarce and Breast Cancer," Journal of the National
 Cancer Institute, 47:935 1971
 American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, March 1983.  See also, Ellis, F., et
 al, "Incidence of Osteoporosis in Vegetarians and Omnivores,"   American
 Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 25:555, 1972
 Mc Cance, R. and Widdowson, E., The Composition of Foods, Her Majesty's
 Stationary Office, 1960.
 Shah, B.G., et al, Journal of Nutrition, 92(1):30, 1967
 Recker, R., "The Effect of Milk Supplements on Calcium Metabolism,  Bone
 Metabolism and Calcium Balance," American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,
 41:254, 1985
 Wachman, Amnon, et al, "Diet and Osteoporosis," Lancet, May 4,  1968, pg 958
 "Nutrition in the Causation of Cancer," Cancer Research, 35:3231, 1975
 Committee on Diet, Nutrition and Cancer: Assembly of Life Sciences, National
 Research Council, "Diet, Nutrition, and Cancer," National  Academy Press,
 Washington, D.C., 1982
 Lea, A., "Dietary Factors Associated with ...," Lancet, 2:332, 1966
 
 [The following is from the September-October 1991 issue of "Guide to Healthy
 Eating" magazine.   Ferrell Wheeler - wheeler@super.org]
 
 Reducing Heart Disease Risk Through a Vegetarian Diet

 Researchers from the American Health Foundation examined thirty-one strict
 vegetarians who had avoided all animal products, including meat, fish,
 poultry, dairy, and eggs, for an average of seven years. The subjects ranged
 in age from five to forty-five years.  The researchers compared levels of fat
 intake and blood levels of cholesterol to non-vegetarian controls.  The
 vegetarians consumed 70 percent less saturated fat than the non-vegetarians
 and more than twice as much fiber as the non-vegetarians.  Although total fat
 consumption was lower among the vegans, the ratio of monounsaturated fat to
 total or saturated fat was much greater.

 The researchers noted that the vegans consumed considerably greater amounts of
 foods such as almonds, cashews, nut butters, dried fruits, soy milk, citrus
 fruits, greens, and foods rich in beta-carotene.

 As expected, cholesterol levels were 25 percent lower than levels in the
 average population.  Levels of LDL-cholesterol were 38 percent lower among the
 vegans.  The weights and heights of the vegetarian children in the study were
 all normal.

 Resnicow, K., Barone, J., et al.  "Diet and serum lipids in vegan vegetarians:
 A model of risk reduction"  Journal of the American Dietetic Association 1991;
 91 : 447-453.

 Note also, the well-known Japanese studies:

 Marmot, M., "Epidemiologic Studies of Coronary Heart Disease and  Stroke in
 Japanese Men . . .," American Journal of Epidemiology,  102:511, 1975
 
 This was a major study of the heart disease rates of men of Japanese descent
 who lived in different parts of the world and ate according to the various
 local diet-styles.  The results stunned a medical world still finding it hard
 to believe meat, dairy products and eggs were suspect.  The study found an
 exact statistical correlation for all groups between consumption of saturated
 fat and cholesterol, and  deaths due to coronary heart disease.

 You see, the normal, traditional diet in Japan consists of rice,  fish,
 vegetables, and much less fish in proportion than the  western diet.   It is a
 diet low in cholesterol.   However, scientists are now finding that as the
 Japanese begin to take up the western diet (e.g., MacDonalds, et. al.), their
 cholesterol intake rises as does the incidence of heart disease.

 There is no question in the minds of medical experts that dietary cholesterol
 is dangerous to human health.   It is also well known that blood cholesterol
 levels are only partially indicative of  predisposition to heart disease.  You
 may eat a lot of eggs and have low blood cholesterol.   This does not mean
 that you are not  causing atherosclerosis in your body, and setting yourself
 up for heart disease.
 
 For women who might be reading this, you should realize that cholesterol and
 saturated fat is also strongly implicated in the incidence of breast cancer.  
 There are many studies indicating this, however, since we are on the subject
 of the diet in Japan, I will cite some studies that  correlate the low
 cholesterol Japanese diet with western diets and  incidence of breast cancer
 in women:

 Nemoto, T., "Differences in Breast Cancer Between Japan and the United
 States," Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 58:193, 1977
 Hirayama, T., Paper presented at Conference on Breast Cancer and  Diet,
 U.S.-Japan Cooperative Cancer Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center,
 Seattle, WA, March 14-15, 1977
 Hirayama, T., "Epidemiology of Breast Cancer with Special Reference to the
 Role of Diet," Prev Med, 9:183, 1978
  
 One of the interesting results of the Hirayama studies of Japanese  shows that
 girls on vegetarian or low saturated fat diets have later menarche than than
 girls on western diets.  Many western girls have menarche under thirteen years
 of age, and they have been shown to have 4 times the incidence of breast
 cancer as woment who have a  later menarche (over 17 years of age).

 Other studies from other parts of the world corroborate the Japanese findings.
 The more fat in a young girl's diet, the earlier her  menses will begin, and
 the higher will be her risk of breast cancer. see:

 Kagawa, Y., "Impact of Westernization on the Nutrition of Japanese: Changes in
 Physique, Cancer...," Prev Med, 9:205, 1978
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Newsgroups: rec.food.veg