HDTenEightyP/NetNews huggingface dataset:
From: spiegel@sgi417.msd.lmsc.lockheed.com (Mark Spiegel)
Subject: Re: Is there a continuity equation in elasticity
Organization: Lockheed Missiles and Space Co.
Date: Thu, 30 Jul 92 18:01:34 GMT

In article <1992Jul27.141031.7047@cbfsb.cb.att.com> rizzo@cbnewsf.cb.att.com (anthony.r.rizzo) writes:

>In article <14qp6nINNoqs@agate.berkeley.edu> jtrsmith@garnet.berkeley.edu () writes:
>>Subject: Is there a continuity equation in elasticity?
>>Hi, 
>>I have a question on the governing equations of solid mechanics:
>>Do we have continuity equation of mass in solid mechanics?
>>Or it is not necessary, or is it implied in other governing equations?
>>
>>If possible, please reply to this account. Thanks.
>>
>>JTR Smith
>
>Elasticity texts refer to such equations as the "compatibility equations."
>You should be able to find them, typically, in the first 50 pages
>of most popular elasticity texts.

	Compatibility equations have absolutely nothing to do with
	Conservation of Mass (continuity).  Compatibility equations
	are only needed when in (classical) elasticity you are solving
	a problem by selecting an assumed strain distribution.  Since
	you have more equations than unknowns (in 3D 6 strain expressions
	for only 3 displacements) it is likely that without additional
	conditions, no displacement field corresponds to your assumed
	strain field.  The compatibility equations (equality of mixed
	partial derivatives) are the additional conditions that must be
	satisfied by your assumed strain distribution.  If your elasticity
	problem is formulated in terms of displacements, rather than
	strains, no compatibility equations are needed.

	Conservaton of Mass (Continuity).  Typical elasticity problems
	are formulated in terms of a material (Lagrangian) kinematic
	description.  As such you are keeping track of all particles
	of mass in your problem, and conservation of mass/continuity is
	trivially/automatically satisfied.  If, alternatively, you
	formulated your elasticity problem in terms of a spatial
	(Eulerian) kinematic description (for REALLY large deformation
	problems, for example), you end up with a conservation of 
	mass/continuity equation just as you typically do in a
	fluid mechanics formulation (which because of the very 
	large deformations involved are invariably always spatial
	formulations).  You would then have to solve both continuity
	and balance of momenta equations for your elasticity problem.

		
	Mark


Newsgroups: sci.engr
From: ecaxron@venus.lerc.nasa.gov (Ron Graham)
Subject: HUMOR: Extra Notice to Bidders
News-Software: VAX/VMS VNEWS 1.41    
Organization: NASA Lewis Research Center
Date: 23 Jul 1992 11:20 EDT  

I got the following from a friend of mine who does acoustical contract
engineering in Columbus, OH.  If it is copyrighted, tell me where and 
I will issue a public apology - the copy I have lists no author and I have
never seen it before.

EXTRA NOTICE TO BIDDERS

(1)	The work we want did is clearly showed on the attached plans
	and specifications.  Our engineer, whose had plenty of college,
	spent one hell of a lot of time when he drawed up these here
	plans and specifiactions.  But nobody cannot think of everything!
	Once your bid is in, that's it Brother!  From then on, anything
	wanted by our engineer, or any of his friends, or anybody else
	(except the bidder) - shall be considered as showed, specified or
	implied and shall be provided by the bidder without no expense to
	nobody but himself (meaning the bidder).

(2)	If the work is did without no extra expense to the bidder, then
	the work will be took down and did over again until the extra
	expense to the contractor is satisfactory to our engineer.

(3)	Our engineer's plans is right as drawed.  If something is drawed
	wrong, it shall be discovered by the bidder, corrected, and did
	right with no extra expense to us.  It won't cut no ice with us
	or our engineer if you point out any mistakes our engineer has
	drawed.  If you do, it will be one hell of a long time before you
	do any more for us or for him (meaning the engineer).

(4)	The bidder is not suppose to make fun of our engineer, his plans,
	or the kind of work were having done.  If he do, it's just too
	bad for him (meaning the bidder).

(5)	Any bidder walking around the job with a smile on his face is 
	subject to review of his bid.

(6)	If the bidder don't find all our engineer's mistakes before he
	bids the job, or if the bidder ain't got enough sense to know 
	that our engineer's going to think up a bunch of new stuff that's
	going to have to be did before the job is completely did, then it's
	just too bad for him (meaning the bidder).

(7)	The bidder gotta use all good stuff on this job - none of this
	crap from Japan, France or Germany.

:-) :-) :-)

RG

Who became an engineer because he thought "free-body diagrams" might be
interesting.
Xref: sparky sci.engr:1839 sci.engr.mech:122
From: fdaniel@laas.laas.fr (Canard)
Newsgroups: sci.engr,sci.engr.mech
Subject: XC18 (1017) alloy
Date: 21 Jul 92 14:10:55 GMT
Followup-To: sci.engr
Organization: LAAS-CNRS, Toulouse (France)


    Does anybody know where can I find the resilience values
in terms of temperature for the alloy XC18 (1017 or 1018 for
the US standard) ?

+------------------------+---------------------------------------------+
|       "Canard"         |  "Things that are irrelevant to each others |
|  fdaniel@laas.laas.fr  |  are all relevant to each others by the way |
|      I hate McDo       |  they all are irrelevant to each others..." |
+------------------------+---------------------------------------------+
Newsgroups: sci.engr
From: hbudiman@athena.mit.edu (H.T. Budiman)
Subject: Russian textbooks in Engineering & Applied Math
Keywords: Russian textbooks in Engineering & Applied Math
Organization: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Date: Wed, 29 Jul 1992 01:35:46 GMT

I was wondering if anybody knows the bookstore where I can purchase classic
translated Russian engineering (Applied Mechanics) and Applied Math books 
(i.e books by Muskhelishvili, Ambartsumyan, Lekhnitskii, etc) that were published 
by the MIR Publisher Moscow.

There used to be a bookstore in Chicago, but it is now out of bussiness.

Thanks,

H.T. Budiman

Newsgroups: sci.engr
From: hbudiman@athena.mit.edu (H.T. Budiman)
Subject: Dynamic Fracture & Finite Element Packag
Keywords: Dynamic Fracture & Finite Element Packag
Organization: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Date: Sun, 26 Jul 1992 14:24:58 GMT

I was wondering if anybody knows any commercial finite element package that
can perform dynamic fracture mechanics analysis (model the dynamic of the
propagating crack).

Thanks for the info

H.T. Budiman
From: bd@fluent@dartmouth.EDU (Brice Dowaliby)
Newsgroups: sci.engr
Subject: Re: Can engineering be automated?
Date: 27 Jul 92 13:24:54 GMT
Reply-To: bd%fluent@dartmouth.EDU
Organization: Fluent Inc., Lebanon NH


I thought it already had been.  What else explains all those clones
with calculators wandering around the halls here?  8-)

-- 
    Brice Dowaliby         |    I may speak fluently, but 
(bd%fluent@dartmouth.edu)  |    I don't speak for Fluent
Newsgroups: sci.archaeology
From: kerry@is-next.umd.edu (Kerry Ogata)
Newsgroups: sci.archaeology
Subject: Re: Need Info on groups
Date: 23 Jul 92 19:11:43 GMT
Organization: Comp. Sci. Ctr., Univ. of MD, College Park, MD 20742

Society for Historical Archaeology
P.O. Box 30446
Tuscon, AZ  85751-0446

(as far as I know!)
-- 
kerry@is-next.umd.edu or kogata@wam.umd.edu
Newsgroups: sci.archaeology
From: B531JP@tamvm1.tamu.edu
Subject: Re: Need Info on groups
Organization: Texas A&M University
Date: Thu, 23 Jul 1992 18:11:40 GMT

If you are interested in professional organizations, try the
Society for American Archaeology (SAA)
808 17th Street, N.W.
Suite 200
Washington, D.C.  20006
 
SAA publishes a newsletter, the journal American Antiquity,
and a number of other items of interests.
 
There are many other archaeological associations in the US,
ranging from regional groups (Plains Anthropological Society,
Northeastern Archaeological Society, etc.) to state (Texas
Archaeological Society, etc.).  Also there is SOPA, the
Society of Professional Archaeologists.  I will be happy
to provide other addresses, if needed.
 
                            Good luck!
 
                            J. Powell
Newsgroups: sci.archaeology
From: nella@ecoc.tashkent.su (Nella Kort)
Subject: Stone structure
Reply-To: nella@ecoc.tashkent.su
Organization: =ECOLOGICAL UNION=
Date: Tue, 21 Jul 92 13:42:05 +0500

Dear friends!
I have uncovered stone structure in Kirghizia (near Cholponata-sity,
Issik-Kull-lake).
This is a gigantic stone ring, 3-6 m. in height. I was able to make out 
the remains of an image of the sun one of them. There are many stone remains
(sharpened stones) scattered around this sity.

 
-- 
Nella Kort          
Tashkent Regional RELCOM
Center's Admininstrator
nella@ecoc.tashkent.su
From: hnkst2+@pitt.edu (Hanhwe N Kim)
Newsgroups: sci.archaeology
Subject: Re: Military support
Date: 28 Jul 92 04:40:10 GMT
Organization: University of Pittsburgh

In article <1992Jul27.004744.14970@trl.oz.au> s.mathers@trl.oz.au writes:
>Has anybody got a rough idea on how much resources (material and money)
it took to build and maintain an army in relation to a fleet (in ancient times)?


In Sun-tzu's Art of War written during the Warring states period in
china (200bc?), there is a list of materials you need to field an
Army. He was emphasizing how expensive protractive war could be.

I think you can find some good translations at a local bookstore or
University library.

-Han
Newsgroups: sci.archaeology
Subject: Re: Hebrew and cunniform (was: Dead sea scrolls)
From: cctr114@csc.canterbury.ac.nz
Date: 23 Jul 92 08:30:55 +1200
Organization: University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand

In article <1992Jul21.152925.14486@nas.nasa.gov>, wismith@amelia.nas.nasa.gov (William R. Smith) writes:
> 
> There was a segment on the Dead Sea Scrolls this morning on the news.
> They showed clips of the fragments and I was struck by the old characters
> used in the writing. 
> 
> Are they Hebrew?  Aramaic?  They looked something like Hebrew, but somehow
> different. One of the differences was the lines in the characters was thinner
> and didn't have flourishes (if that's the right words) on them.  Sort of
> like san-serif fonts.

All the photographs I have seen of the Dead Sea Scrolls are ones that
use the Aramaic script. This is the script that Hebrew was written in
during that time. There is an older genuinely Hebrew script, this being
the script that the Samaritan Pentateuch is written in. I have not seen
examples of this script in the DSS.

> William Smith
> Intel, SSD
-- 
                                                                      ___
Bill Rea                                                             (o o)
--------------------------------------------------------------------w--U--w---
| Bill Rea, Computer Services Centre | E-Mail     b.rea@csc.canterbury.ac.nz |
| University of Canterbury           | or       cctr114@csc.canterbury.ac.nz |
| Christchurch, New Zealand          | Phone +64 3 642-331 Fax +64 3 642-332 |
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Newsgroups: sci.archaeology
From: myamin@cbnewsm.cb.att.com (m.yamin)
Subject: Re: Hebrew and cunniform (sic) (was: Dead sea scrolls)
Organization: AT&T
Date: Sat, 25 Jul 1992 00:12:21 GMT

From article <1682D11A36.JAREA@UKCC.UKY.EDU>, by JAREA@UKCC.UKY.EDU:
>  
> The usual spelling is 'cuneiform'.  This basically means in the shape of
> a 'cuneus' (Latin for 'wedge').  "Cunniform" would seem to mean something
> like, "in the shape of a 'cunnus'", which is a quite different Latin word!
>  
If you are interested in the cuneiform and other ancient writing systems,
I can recommend a book called "Extinct Languages" by Johannes Friedrich.
This is available as a Dorset reprint; the Dorset line now seems to belong
to Barnes and Noble, and it should be available from them.  Friedrich
describes compactly the structure of Akkadian (Babylonian) cuneiform, the
Egyptian hieroglyphics, and many other ancient scripts, and the remarkable
intellectual effort by which they were deciphered, mostly in the 19th century.
The apparent date of Friedrich's original is mid-50s; he includes an Appendix
on Michael Ventris's decipherment of Linear B as a "stop-press" addition.
By the way, he says the cuneiform "female determinative" is derived from an
ideogram (perhaps a Sumerian pictogram) which is indeed cunniform.
From: rcbi27@muvms3.bitnet (DBRUM)
Newsgroups: sci.archaeology
Subject: Re: road names
Date: 28 Jul 92 17:36:58 GMT
Organization: Marshall University

In article <1992Jul24.091615.519@spacm1.spac.spc.com>, techsy005@spacm1.spac.spc.com (Fred Franceschi) writes:

> Per my Websters Dictionary:
> 
> Pike - Abbreviation for Turnpike
> Turnpike _ From Medieval English.. A spiked barrier accross a road,
> used in war, a road having tollgates; a toll road.

Consulting ye olde Websters, eh? How esoteric. I knew there must be
some *real* intellectuals on these news.groups :-). I had assumed however
that it went without saying that pike was the abbreviated form of turnpike.
I didn't mention for fear of insulting someone's intelligence. It
appears I was wrong. Oh well!
-- 
	"Were his solid black square paintings really,
	as the artist claimed, simply neutral, abstract
	compositions devoid of external references and
	meanings?" ***********************************
From: techsy005@spacm1.spac.spc.com (Fred Franceschi)
Newsgroups: sci.archaeology
Subject: Re: road names
Date: 24 Jul 92 09:16:15 PDT
Organization: Security Pacific Automation Co., LA, CA

> In Tennessee (and I guess in other places too :-), roads connecting
> cities and towns are refered to as "pikes." Like "Newtown Pike";
> "Henderson Pike", etc. 
> 
> Since a "pike" is a sort of spear or javelin, I guess the word "pike"
> in this sense harkens back to a stake in the ground with a road sign
> on it or something.
> 
> --danny
Per my Websters Dictionary:

Pike - Abbreviation for Turnpike
Turnpike _ From Medieval English.. A spiked barrier accross a road,
used in war, a road having tollgates; a toll road.

-- 

Fred Franceschi
techsy105@spacm1.spac.spc.com
    
My statements may not be my companys.
Brilliant, witty saying goes here.
Newsgroups: sci.archaeology
From: stgprao@xing.unocal.com (Richard Ottolini)
Subject: Re: Need Info on groups
Originator: stgprao@xing
Organization: Unocal Corporation
Date: Thu, 23 Jul 1992 15:47:13 GMT

In article <1992Jul22.173638.3040@desire.wright.edu> cse0947@desire.wright.edu writes:
>Does anyone know the names and adresses of any American archaeological 
>organizations?
>


Try to locate a copy of the magazine called Archeology published for the
layman by the Archeological Institute of America.  The AIA has about 90
chapters spread across America that give public lectures several times a
year.  The September through April issues of Archeology usually have a
list of these chapters and some of their lectures.
From: pab@robots.oxford.ac.uk (Paul Beardsley)
Newsgroups: sci.archaeology
Subject: Re: correlation symbols use <--> language in early man?
Date: 21 Jul 92 17:33:06 GMT
Organization: Robotics Research Group, Engineering Science Dept, Oxford, UK.

In article <723@capmkt.COM> charles@capmkt.COM (Charles Neveu) writes:
>
>> [deleted previous discussion about early man's use of symbols in art
>>  coinciding with ability to use language - relevant book
>>  "The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral
>>  Mind" by Julian Jaynes]
>
>This was discussed in alt.consciousness a few weeks ago. I held that
>the book was interesting for it's discussion of consciousness, but
>that ultimately his thesis -- that consciousness is a cultural, not
>biological phenomenon, and that early man was not conscious until
>about 3000 year ago -- was untenable as a scientific hypothesis since
>it is essentially unfalsifiable.

Well I don't have any particularly strong feelings about supporting
the ideas in this book, but I don't know if I buy your criticism of 
it.  I take your last statement to mean that an idea is only scientific
if it is possible to prove it definitely true or false.  That would
rule out archaeology as a science, because it works with partial
evidence and some conclusions based on this partial evidence may be 
false but can never be proved false.  I imagine it would also
eliminate some current cosmological theories on the origin of the
universe from being accepted as science - these theories might agree
with all available evidence but since some aspects of them could 
only be tested in the conditions that held during the Big Bang, it 
will never be possible to fully test them (and therefore they may be 
false but this could not be proved).

Paul Beardsley.
From: cla04@seq1.keele.ac.uk (A.T. Fear)
Newsgroups: sci.archaeology
Subject: Re: Trojan War: Fact or Fiction?
Date: 30 Jul 92 14:10:09 GMT
Organization: University of Keele, England

From article <1992Jul30.113111.10489@gdr.bath.ac.uk>, by ccspgo@gdr.bath.ac.uk (Paul Overend):
> Actually, Michael Wood did NOT put the Homeric sack of Troy back to Troy II
> but to Troy VIh.

Sorry, it's ages since I've read it, but I wonder whether the argument
from poetic epithets really works, especially if we accept the economy
principles of oral composition which I accept are now disputed. All depends what you mean by too late
of course - Troy VIIa does have the advantage of fitting the ancient date
of the fall of Troy in 1184 BC (Eratosthenes I think) quite closely - in as far as we can ever
date a site like this closely. This would put the fall of Troy at the very end of the Mycenaean period and
so would probably rule out the great coalition of Greek states implied
in the Iliad, but to posit the existence of such a coalition, even in the high Mycenaean
period, is to beg an enormous question. And there is still the problem of a lack of signs of
violence. I think, says he sticking his neck out again, that Wood
suggested that Blegen's interpretation of the destruction of Troy VIh as
by earthquake could be consistent with human destruction, but there are
still no unambiguous signs of human violence as I remember in this
level. Actually I think there's only one arrowhead from Troy VIIa.
 
Another problem that strikes me is that recent work has suggested that Garstang's interpretation of Hittite
geography which has been the standard one for ages is in fact the wrong
way up - this of course would wreck any concordance of Hittite texts
with the Trojan story, not only doing horrible things to Wood but also
Page.

I think what disappointed me most with Wood's approach was the credulous
way he approached the text of the Iliad, something in stark contrast to
the way he dissected Dark Age texts. A case of love being blind? It's
still worth it for 4 quid though.

Andy Fear, cla04@uk.ac.Keele


BTW any one suggest the book that puts the destruction back to Troy II
or is this just a brainstorm?
From: woody@knapper.cactus.org (Woody Baker)
Newsgroups: sci.archaeology
Subject: PIKES
Date: 24 Jul 1992 13:16:21 -0500
Organization: Aurora Contracting
Reply-To: "Woody Baker" <woody@knapper.cactus.org>
NNTP-Posting-Host: cs.utexas.edu

the term "pike" is a shortened form of  "turnpike".  A pike was
a sharp spear.  In ancient times, there were "turnpikes" or roads 
that were guarded.  One had to pay a toll to use the road.  When you
paid the guard, he then "turned the pike" away from you, and allowed
you to proceed down the road.  Modern  turnpikes are guarded by toll
booths.  Same Idea.  Nothing new under the sun... :)
Cheers
Woody
-- 
Woody Baker Postscript consultant/Flint knapper  512-837-8317 (Austin, Tx)

"If you ain't bleedin' you ain't knappin'" ---> go ahead, ask me...

woody@knapper.cactus.org
woody@chinacat.unicom.com (temporary) is forwareded to woody@knapper
From: rcbi27@muvms3.bitnet (DBRUM)
Newsgroups: sci.archaeology
Subject: Re: road names
Date: 23 Jul 92 18:32:19 GMT
Organization: Marshall University

In Tennessee (and I guess in other places too :-), roads connecting
cities and towns are refered to as "pikes." Like "Newtown Pike";
"Henderson Pike", etc. 

Since a "pike" is a sort of spear or javelin, I guess the word "pike"
in this sense harkens back to a stake in the ground with a road sign
on it or something.

--danny
-- 
	"Were his solid black square paintings really,
	as the artist claimed, simply neutral, abstract
	compositions devoid of external references and
	meanings?" ***********************************
Newsgroups: sci.archaeology
From: xcpslf@decsrv.NoSubdomain.NoDomain (stephen l favor)
Subject: Re: Dead sea scrolls, are there any english translations available?
Reply-To: xcpslf@decsrv.oryx.com
Organization: Oryx Energy Co., Dallas, Texas.
Date: Tue, 21 Jul 1992 14:27:28 GMT

In article <19240@plains.NoDak.edu>, ortmann@plains.NoDak.edu (Daniel Ortmann) writes:
|> munn@a.cs.okstate.edu (MUNN THOMAS JOSEPH) writes:
|> )I am currently studying the bible and want to see the dead sea scrolls.
|> )Are there any archive sites where I can get the tranlated english version?
|> )or could someone paraphrase their contents?
|> 
|> The "Biblical Archaeology Review" magazine is offering a book
|> containing (some? most? ... of) the contents of the scrolls.  I read
|> the advertisement a couple of weeks ago.  I do not recall whether it
|> is free or at a discount price.

I haven't read BAR in a while, but this is probably the text comtaining
the new scrolls and fragments just released to the public.  The price was
around $200 and I think it contains only the plates of the scrolls.  That
is, just pictures-- no translations.
From: ccspgo@gdr.bath.ac.uk (Paul Overend)
Newsgroups: sci.archaeology
Subject: Re: Trojan War: Fact or Fiction?
Date: 30 Jul 92 11:31:11 GMT
Organization: Bath University Computing Services, UK

Actually, Michael Wood did NOT put the Homeric sack of Troy back to Troy II
but to Troy VIh.  This even fitted many of the poetic epithets very well,
(beetling, battened walls etc).  It occurred around the correct time-frame too.
Troy VIIa being too late.  The Hittite texts also appear to mention trouble
with the king of Ahhiywiya (Achaeans ??) at this period over the city of 
Wiliusa (the Greeks later dropped the W digamma) and the territory called
Truisa.  The book cited much circumstantial evidence, but the weight and 
timing of it did seem pretty persuasive.

The book costs 9 pounds in softback but I managed to get one last weekend
for 4 second hand so your mileage may vary.

				Paul.
From: cla04@seq1.keele.ac.uk (A.T. Fear)
Newsgroups: sci.archaeology
Subject: Re: Trojan War: Fact or Fiction?
Date: 30 Jul 92 08:20:35 GMT
Organization: University of Keele, England

From article <1992Jul29.225912.5700@u.washington.edu>, by monaghan@carson.u.washington.edu (Tracy Monaghan):
> Is it myth, history, or myth built around a kernel of history?

I'd go for the latter - my bet is a glorified pirate raid on a town
already damaged by earthquakes. A good introduction is D.L.Page's *History and
the Homeric Iliad*. G.S.Kirk's books on oral poetry are also good reads.
One thing to bear in mind is the lack of evidence for violent
destruction at Troy (perhaps better referred to as the tel at
Hissarlik). For the other point of view the dark age historian Michael
Wood did a tv series here several years ago, which not only supported
the veracity of the Homeric account, but put it back to Troy II, rather
than the usual Troy VIIa. This seems quite mad, but there was a well
produced book to go with the series which may still be available. The
only good bits of the whole thing I thought were the racing clouds and
topless woman in the opening credits...

Andy Fear, cla04@uk.ac.Keele
From: monaghan@carson.u.washington.edu (Tracy Monaghan)
Newsgroups: sci.archaeology
Subject: Trojan War: Fact or Fiction?
Date: 29 Jul 92 22:59:12 GMT
Organization: University of Washington, Seattle


Is it myth, history, or myth built around a kernel of history?
What do you think?
What evidence or sources do you have to support your position?


Tracy

+++++

"Since you cannot be my wife...
you shall be my tree."
      --  Apollo to Daphne