HDTenEightyP/NetNews huggingface dataset:
From: hillel@cbnewsf.cb.att.com (hillel.e.markowitz)
Subject: Re: wedding on Saturday??
Organization: AT&T Federal Systems
Date: Thu, 27 Aug 1992 13:18:35 GMT

In article <92239.234738CFRQC@CUNYVM.BITNET> ToraByte <CFRQC@CUNYVM.BITNET> writes:
>I don't think I can remember an exact source for the explaination that I
>posted. However, to show that 'kiddush'es of the originating type are
>forbidden, an example springs to mind. From the mishna in Bameh
>Madlikin, second perek of Shabbos, it says 'Ain Me'asrin es HaVadai' - you
>can't separate Terumah and Ma'aser off of food that definately didn't have
>the tithes taken, during bein hashmashos-the twilight period when we're unsure
>whether it's daytime or nite. Taking off the terumah and ma'aser is making
>that which is to be terumah and ma'aser, kadosh, and therefore forbidden during
>the twilight period and certainly so during shobbos.     Kadosh doesn't exactly
>mean sanctify or holy. A more proper translation is 'separate'. When doing the
>kiddushin, the man is actually separating the woman from the world, meaning,
>he makes her forbidden to the whole world (potential relations), therefore
>doing a type of separation. Same thing by terumah or ma'aser. One is taking
>this food and separating it from the normal food. It now goes to the kohein
>or the levi (with the halachos that pertain to the respective food). I would
>imagine that the isur of making something kodesh is in the catagory of Birur.
> In terms of the reason why, I would imagine that there are a number of reasons
>why a marriage should not take palce on shabbos, and that all of the reasons
>that have been written here have validity.
>Sorry y'all, I hate writing in paragraphs :-)
>                              Zev
>-------

I would say that this explanation is due to being forbidden to
change the status of an object from "forbidden" to "permitted" on
shabbos or Yom Tov.  The analogy would be to "Beitzah Shenolda" (an
egg that is laid) on Yom Tov or taking an animal that had not been
set aside to be used on Yom Tov and slaughtering it to eat (on Yom
Tov).  Similarly, since the food had been forbidden for use at the
time Shabbos or Yom Tov began, one cannot change its status during
Shabbos or Yom Tov.


Hmmm, perhaps it was a good analogy.  Since the couple was
forbidden to each other at the time Shabbos or Yom Tov began, they
cannot change that status to permitted on Shabbos or Yom Tov.

_______________________________________________________________
| Hillel Markowitz        |    Im ain ani li mi li             |
| H_Markowitz@att.com     |    Veahavta Leraiecha Kamocha      |
|_________________________|____________________________________|
Newsgroups: soc.culture.jewish
From: gertler@ptms_dev.sbi.com (User - Don Gertler)
Subject: Re: Egg Creams (was Re: Proof of the Decline and Fall)
Originator: scj@israel.nysernet.org
Reply-To: <gertler@ptms_dev.sbi.com (User - Don Gertler)>
Organization: Nysernet
Date: Fri, 21 Aug 1992 19:37:12 GMT

kmjoffe@acs.ucalgary.ca (Kenneth M. Joffe) writes:
	Hold on a second here.  What is this crap with seltzer??  Maybe I
	do not know exactly what an 'egg cream' is. I remember my
	bub making something called 'goggle moggle'.  Not sure if
	that is an official name or her own term.  It involved boiling
	milk with an egg in it, adding vanila extract and other stuff.
	When I first saw the header 'egg cream' I thought that it was
	equivalent to 'goggle moggle'.  Deciding to read the postings, I
	was suprised with the use of seltzer.  Am I alone on this one, or
	are there supporters.  Maybe there are two 'egg creams': A) the
	official egg cream that you mention and B) my bub's egg cream.

Two different animals.  The "goggle moggle," sometimes referred to
as "mug'n guggle," is a boiled mixture of milk (optional), butter
(optional), honey (optional), vanilla (optional), egg (optional).
It has so many different variations, that I hesitate to claim that
any ingredient is necessary.  In fact, perhaps one COULD call an
egg cream a GM.

-Don Gertler
From: levene@aplpy.jhuapl.edu (Robert A. Levene)
Newsgroups: soc.culture.jewish
Subject: Re:      Organ Transplants
Date: 30 Aug 92 02:52:13 GMT
Article-I.D.: aplcen.1992Aug30.025213.12713
Organization: Johns Hopkins University

In article <9208261212.AA10313@nysernet.ORG> <Michael Shimshoni
<MASH@WEIZMANN.WEIZMANN.AC.IL>> writes:

> ...  In the case of a brain [stem] death, organ donation for saving a
> life (piq'uah nefesh) is not only allowed but actually a must, as
> saving life is (in almost all cases) the most important mitzva putting
> aside also laws like honouring the dead body etc.

However, if the potential donor is technically alive at the
time the organ is removed, then removing the organ is *murder*
which is *not* permissible, even to save another's life.

"Dinei nefashos" [judgements concerning life and death] are for the
greatest Torah experts to work out, in consultation with the greatest
medical experts.  Perhaps readers with OCR's (optical character
readers :-) ) could obtain permission to scan in and post some recent
articles on this subject.

R
--
Robert A. Levene     Internet: levene@aplpy.jhuapl.edu
  "/  //  / /"         Bitnet:   RXL1@APLVM
From: gt6390a@prism.gatech.EDU (BERNSTEIN,AVRON P)
Newsgroups: soc.culture.jewish
Subject: i have yet to meet a Jewish murderer
Keywords: Berkowitz, etc.
Date: 2 Sep 92 22:47:10 GMT
Organization: Georgia Institute of Technology


Someone mentioned Son of Sam as a Jewish murderer.  But with regards to the title
of the postings, I have yet to MEET a nonJewish murderer also.  I realize this
may be picky but if you're thinking of Jews throughout history who were murderers.
Then you might include various Israeli governments.  How many Arab-Israeli
conflicts have there been?  Obviously, I'm going to get flamed for actually
suggesting something like that, but c'mon, if you count David as one, then the
Israeli govt qualifies also.
-- 
BERNSTEIN,AVRON P
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta Georgia, 30332
uucp:	  ...!{decvax,hplabs,ncar,purdue,rutgers}!gatech!prism!gt6390a
Internet: gt6390a@prism.gatech.edu
Newsgroups: soc.culture.jewish
From: shdan@tudorct.com (Dan Shimoff)
Subject: Shwarma vs Gyros (Was: Mac David)
Organization: Tudor Investment Corporation, CT
Date: Fri, 4 Sep 1992 14:07:12 GMT

In article <185lgaINN449@darkstar.UCSC.EDU> sutin@helios.ucsc.edu (Brian Sutin) writes:
>In article <92246.222444EXG106@psuvm.psu.edu> <EXG106@psuvm.psu.edu> writes:
>Is there any difference between shwarma and gyros (the Greek version)?
>

In NY, Gyros are served with a sour cream based sauce on top (as seen
in the pictures on many eateries in the downtown area).  Those who
have eaten it tell of it tasting much better than a shwarma.

Note:  Kosher shwarma or gyros are not available in the donwtown area, 
so this taste test is only WRT strictly non-kosher food.  

Disclaimer:  I did not eat or test this food, just spoke to office-mates
about this.


-- 
Dan Shimoff           
Phone: (212) 602-6798  
Address: shdan@tudor.com
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Xref: sparky soc.culture.jewish:15375 soc.culture.polish:2357
From: roman@sparc17.hri.com (Roman Budzianowski)
Newsgroups: soc.culture.jewish,soc.culture.polish
Subject: Re: Auschvitz and $$$ & The Ontario Press Council
Date: 4 Sep 92 15:52:55 GMT
Reply-To: roman@sparc17.hri.com (Roman Budzianowski)
Followup-To: soc.culture.jewish
Organization: Horizon Research

In article <matthew.715307895@mugga>, matthew@stats.mu.oz.au (Maciek
Blasikiewicz) writes:
> saal@cbnewsl.cb.att.com (samuel.saal) writes:

> >>                                  I was simply asking about sources,
literature
> >>ect.. for your statement. Now I don't understand this comparison between
> >>Poland and Denmark. Whould you elaborate on that?
> 
> >Compare the percentage of Denmark's Jews saved to that of Poland.  In
> >Denmark nearly 100% were saved by sneaking them out of Denmark in
> >fishing boats, hiding those they couldn't get out, and even discharging
> >then reregistering Jewish hospital patients as nonJews.  The Polish
> >record, even taking into account the Poles that did help the Jews was
> >nowhere near that.
> 

When comparing Denmark and Poland you have to see the differences too :

- How many Poles died during the German ocupation, how many Danes ?

This question is supposed to lead you to the discovery that the German
terror in Poland cannot be compared to situation in Denmark, Holland or
France. 


- How many Poles died trying to save the Jews, how many Danes ?

This would be very interesting statistics, unfortunately impossible to
establish. Those who helped Jews in Poland risked their lives and many
lost them doing so. It was not the case in the other countries. 

A special organization of Polish Underground, of which you certainly
know, had as its only charter to save Jews. The statistic I remember is
that they saved 30000 people. They didn't sneaked them out on fishing
boats. They arranged for false documents, hiding places etc., all among
the worst and longest terror known to humanity. One of the members of
this organization, Bartoszewski, has been given honorary citizenship of
Izrael. Why don't you read his book. It presents very balanced view.


If you feel that Poles didn't do enough - that is your right. But don't
bring example of Denmark and similar countries - it's ridicules.
From: murray.bbs@cybernet.cse.fau.edu
Newsgroups: soc.culture.jewish
Subject: Help
Date: 28 Aug 92 17:34:18 GMT
Organization: Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton

South Florida is in terrible shape. I can only compare it to an Atomic 
bomb going off as there is just rubble in areas and nothing else.
I have spoken to some Chabadniks in Miami Beach and they are back in 
business after three days, but there are thousands, many, many thousands 
without the basic essentials.
The lucky ones, still having cars, are here in West Palm Beach buying 
water and ice, but the majority have nothing, and fight over a morsel of 
food.
I expect disease to shortly break out and words fail me to describe the 
horror of it all. 
The SHAME is that the government has done just about nothing to assist. 
When questioned, they reply that the proper channels were not followed 
and the proper paper work wasn't filled out. The state blames the Feds 
and the feds blame the State.
Please protest to your Congressman and make it vocal. Jewish Centers that 
weren't hurt aresending relief packages, stops are here for assistance 
from anyone, and again, the shame of it as many trucks loaded with 
supplies could not reach the ones needing it as they didn't have 
appropriate identification as residents of the area. These are trucks 
loaded with ice, water, food, diapers etc.
Animals are wandering around starving. An example is 300 primates from 
the Primate Study Center at the University of Miami are loose and 
foraging for food (they are mainly babboons). 
The weather is in the 90's and combined with high humidity makes for a 
terrible combination. 
Please help!
Organization: Penn State University
Date: Wed, 2 Sep 1992 22:24:44 EDT
From: <EXG106@psuvm.psu.edu>
Newsgroups: soc.culture.jewish
Subject: Re: Mac David
 <92241.205001EXG106@psuvm.psu.edu>
 <goldberg.715362358@techunix.technion.ac.il> <2510@israel.nysernet.org>

Has anyone ever tried shwarma (sp?).  Well, I can spell it in hebrew but not
in English.  But then, if you know what it is, you'll recognize it.
If you don't know: it's lamb meat (I think) on this metal "stick," rotating
around (vertically) with a flame around it.

It looks disgusting, but tastes great!

 Eylon
From: ted@dgbt.doc.ca (Ted Grusec)
Subject: Re: Violent antisemitism?
Organization: The Communications Research Centre
Date: Fri, 4 Sep 92 16:22:56 GMT

In article <1992Sep4.130027.16220@panix.com> jis@panix.com (Jack Szwergold) writes:
>Excuse me but you are wrong.  Stay comfortable in your academia please. 
>The people in Poland, for the most part, are anti-semetic.   The fact that
>the goverment is trying to stop certain anti-semetic leaders or potential
>leaders DOES NOT mean that it doesn't exist.  The jews that are still left
>there are old and shellshocked relics of an era that USED to be.  Most
>temples have bcome nothing more than old age homes and insane asylums at
>this point.....
>

Are you saying that MOST Poles in Poland, TODAY are anti-semitic?
Casual observation, I'm told, can establish that anti-semitism does
exist.  But what observations have been made that have established
statistically the statement you made, which is, after all a
statistical statement.  This is not a flame.  I am genuinely
interested in the validity of such assertions.
-- 
==========================================================================
Ted Grusec    Communications Research Centre    (Govt. of Canada, DOC)
 3701 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ont.K2H 8S2, CANADA  Internet: ted@dgbt.doc.ca
  Compuserve: 73607,1576  (613) 998 2762   Fax (613) 993 8657
Newsgroups: soc.culture.jewish
From: MASH@WEIZMANN.WEIZMANN.AC.IL (Michael Shimshoni)
Subject: More on Should a Jew settle in Israel
Organization: Mail to News Gateway at Wang Labs
Date: Mon, 31 Aug 92 12:27:43 +0300

On: Sun, 23 Aug 1992 06:05:54 GMT
lazer@intacc.uucp (Lazer Danzinger) joins the discussion:

>In article <-#!nfbp.yosi@netcom.com> yosi@netcom.com (Yosi Almog) writes:
>>
>>What about you, do you think there is any importance for a jew to live
>>in Israel?
>>
>    Naturally I think that living in Eretz Yisrael is very important.
>    But this does not mean that I would advocate that everyone pick
>    himself up and move there.

Why everyone, what about ONE Lazer Danziger.  After all it is supposed
to  be  a  mitzva  to  live  here.   And  Mitzva  haba'a  leyadkha  al
takhmitzena (if you have a chance  to perform a mitzva do not postpone
performing it).

>    Living in Galus (and one can be in Galus even while physically
>    residing in the Holy Land), has a Divine purpose, viz., to
>    elavate and refine our surroundings. In the words of the Tzemach
>    Tzedek, the third Lubavitcher Rebbe, "Transform you place of
>    residence into Eretz Yisrael."

I have  addressed this odd  definition of  "galus" before.  Is  it not
nice to have all these quotations by Lubavitcher Rebbes which give one
an excuse not to perform one's duty?

I  have no  quarrel  with those  who  say directly  that  they do  not
consider living in  Eretz Yisrael to be  such a big mitzva,  or do not
consider it  as a central part  of being Jewish.  Not  everyone has to
share  my Zionist  beliefs.   But  this talk  about  staying there  to
transform some part of America  into Eretz Yisrael sounds hypocritical
to me.

Lazer should not be singled out.   His mentor has set that bad example
by his own staying in 770, ukhedai bizayon vaqatzev (Esther 1, 18).

>Rabbi Lazer Danzinger

 Michael Shimshoni

P.S.   The ending slogan Lazer appends to his signature:

>Mashiach -- Be a Part of It!

raises some question.  Why is "Mashiach" "It"? Is that a concession to
some  feminists (R"L)?  :-) Also  being  part of  the Mashiach  sounds
terribly Christian to me.  I almost  got used to the rising sun Habbad
slogan "prepare for  the coming of the Mashiach", but  this new one is
hard to stomach.
Newsgroups: soc.culture.jewish
From: warren@nysernet.org (Warren Burstein)
Subject: Re: Weddings on Saturday??
Reply-To: warren@nysernet.org
Organization: Mail to News Gateway at Wang Labs
Date: 1 Sep 92 05:18:23 GMT

In <1992Aug31.144833.26722@alchemy.chem.utoronto.ca> jgoldber@todah.chem.utoronto.ca (Joel Goldberg) writes:

>   That can't be the reason, as I'm sure Michael will agree after some
>   reflection. Weddings in Israel are a zero sum game. The guests
>   calculate the value of the meal and give a gift accordingly. Guests
>   who don't show up are no net loss!

At a recent wedding in Israel a woman at my table went to help someone
from the hall count the guests.  I don't know why, maybe she was in
avelut (I had once performed a make-work job at the same hall), or
maybe she was helping the couple by having all questions referred to
her.  Anyway, she came back and told us that because some people
didn't show, they were under the minimum number of guests and would
have to pay for a few plates that weren't eaten.
-- 
/|/-\/-\       The entire world		Jerusalem
 |__/__/_/     is a very crowned signature virus.
 |warren@      But the okra
/ nysernet.org is ***.
Newsgroups: soc.culture.jewish
From: schwartz@nynexst.com (S. H. Schwartz)
Subject: Re: Oldest Culture?
Organization: Expert Systems Lab., NYNEX Sci. and Tech., White Plains NY
Date: Wed, 2 Sep 92 03:19:36 GMT

CARIAN@auvm.american.edu () writes:
: In article <1992Sep1.231401.10801@cmcl2.nyu.edu>, memco@cns.nyu.edu says:
: >
: Actually the poster is probably right. If Jewish culture was older than
: Chinese culture, that would mean that the earliest Jews had to get
: along without Chinese food.

On the contrary, it simply means that Chinese food predated Chinese culture.
Any visitor to Bernstein's-on-Essex ah"sh could have attested to that
by simply carbon-dating the egg foo yong.
-- 
Steven H. Schwartz		Expert Systems Laboratory
schwartz@nynexst.com		NYNEX Science and Technology Center
PROFS: SCHWARTZ@UNIX		500 Westchester Avenue
914-644-2960			White Plains NY 10604
From: jis@panix.com (Jack Szwergold)
Newsgroups: soc.culture.jewish
Subject: Re: Violent antisemitism?
Date: 4 Sep 92 13:00:27 GMT
Organization: Panix, NYC

Excuse me but you are wrong.  Stay comfortable in your academia please. 
The people in Poland, for the most part, are anti-semetic.   The fact that
the goverment is trying to stop certain anti-semetic leaders or potential
leaders DOES NOT mean that it doesn't exist.  The jews that are still left
there are old and shellshocked relics of an era that USED to be.  Most
temples have bcome nothing more than old age homes and insane asylums at
this point.....

As for me not knowing anything about the Nazi era....
EXCUSE me....
I KNOW about what happened before the war..... and the ways the Nazi's
wormed their way into people's fears and desires......
I KNOW about how he jews were used as scape goats during WWI and prior...

YOU on the other hand cannot see behind academia......
Where were these bookstore you talk of?  Huh?
Justify yourself......

AND EXPLAIN TO ME WHY WHATEVER JEWS ARE LEFT THERE ARE LEAVING THE
COUNTRY.....

Or rather, write a book about it since that is the ONLY way you can
justify things in the real world.

Until then you are part of the problem. An americanized academic who can't
see the forest from the trees.....

jack
jis@panix.com
PS: Posting a lot doesn't make one an expert.  Take a hint. And as I said
before I am not an academic, but if I need prove this I can.....
Newsgroups: soc.culture.jewish
From: shdan@tudorct.com (Dan Shimoff)
Subject: Re: weddings on Saturday???
Organization: Tudor Investment Corporation, CT
Date: Wed, 26 Aug 1992 12:23:49 GMT

In article <0095F9E8.397B5280@OCTAVO> klfirestein@OCTAVO writes:
>So... what do I know - and what do you know???
>
>I think that weddings are NOT supposed to take place on Shabbat?
>
According to Jewish Law as interpreted by the Orthodox (how's this for
trying to avoid flames, and being succint?), a wedding cannot occur
on Shabbat because one cannot make a kinyan (Acquire) anything on 
Shabbat.  The act of marriage involves acquiring a woman in 1 of 
3 ways (we do all three just to be sure), having her accept willingly
something worth a perutah (@5 cents), having her accept a ketubah 
(marriage contract), or having marital relations, ALL must be done
with the intent to marry in front of witnesses (barring the last one,
which witnesses must testify that the couple is alone and in privacy, 
so that the act may occur if wanted).  All three must be done willingly.

Acquire is a bad word, but is the standard translation.

This not acquiring on Shabbat also pertains to giving and receiving gifts
as well, along with business deals, etc.

As to the part about either party not being Jewish, O Jews do not 
consider this a valid marriage.  If bot were not Jewish however, I don't
think there would be an objection to a Shabbat marriage. :-)


-- 
Dan Shimoff           
Phone: (212) 602-6798  
Address: shdan@tudor.com
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Newsgroups: soc.culture.jewish
From: mark@fenris.albany.edu (Mark Steinberger)
Subject: Re: i have yet to meet a Jewish murderer
Keywords: Berkowitz, etc.
Organization: State University of New York at Albany
Date: Thu, 3 Sep 92 01:23:43 GMT

In article <67519@hydra.gatech.EDU> gt6390a@prism.gatech.EDU (BERNSTEIN,AVRON P) writes:
>Then you might include various Israeli governments.

It is amazing how quickly this subject line, started by a naive but
sincere posting, turned into a game of Accuse the Jews.

Next, I suspect we'll be hearing about the blood libel. And if you
think that issue was finally laid to rest, think again: the Syrians
have been pushing blood libel propaganda in recent years.

Onward and upward.

--Mark
Newsgroups: soc.culture.jewish
From: hayim@locus.com (Hayim Hendeles)
Subject: Re: more of ...can of worms....
Organization: Locus Computing Corporation, Los Angeles, California
Date: Mon, 24 Aug 1992 00:26:33 GMT

In article <1992Aug23.220350.18532@cbnews.cb.att.com> ask@cbnews.cb.att.com (Arthur S. Kamlet) writes:
>In article <57490@mentor.cc.purdue.edu> hrubin@pop.stat.purdue.edu (Herman Rubin) writes:
>>
>>In the Torah, God states, "Let us reason together."
>
>Actually, Isaiah 1:18
>
>-- 
>Art Kamlet  a_s_kamlet@att.com  AT&T Bell Laboratories, Columbus

Hold everything! I was wondering where that quote came from. Now that
Art has supplied the source, I realize that this has nothing to do
with the original comment.

The original poster claimed, on the basis of this verse, that the Torah
allows us to use our own logic. (As I stated in a previous post, I
agree with the conclusion --- provided the logic follows certain
guidelines.  - irrelevant for this post).

However, I do not agree with this proof. This verse is
discussing the sins of the Jewish people. G-d is merely saying that we
should recognize what we did wrong, and He'll be willing to "work with
us" so that we should attain forgiveness. This has nothing to do with
applying our own logic to understand the Torah.


Hayim Hendeles
Newsgroups: soc.culture.jewish
From: goykhman_a@apollo.hp.com (Alex Goykhman)
Subject: Re: Somalia crisis III
Date: Tue, 1 Sep 1992 17:01:50 GMT
Organization: Hewlett-Packard Company, Chelmsford, MA

    "We oppose efforts to flood Somalia with food. Most of the country
    is employed either protecting or attacking relief shipments, and it
    has to be stopped." said Andrew Natsios of the US Office of Disaster
    Relief, who said foreign efforts should focus on restoring normal
    food markets.

    (The Boston Globe, August 14, 1992)
-- 
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Disclaimer: all opinions are mine.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Newsgroups: soc.culture.jewish
From: lgold@callahans.Cadence.COM (Lynn Gold)
Subject: Re: I have yet to meet a Jewish murderer.
Organization: /mnt4/lgold/.organization
	<bramson.714259530@psy> <1992Aug20.193055.28926@leland.Stanford.EDU>
Date: Thu, 20 Aug 1992 07:31:10 GMT

In article <1992Aug20.193055.28926@leland.Stanford.EDU> irwin@leland.Stanford.EDU (Kent Irwin) writes:
	   The Scriptures have plenty of examples of Jewish murderers.
>Even David falls into that category (Uriah the Hittite), although he
>used a rather unconventional murder weapon.

In modern times, there's always David Leibowitz, aka "Son of Sam."

--Lynn
--
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?<&QY97(@=V5R92!T;R!H97)E(&%B;W5T('1H:7,A"F%P
`
Newsgroups: soc.culture.jewish