From: tran@neep.engr.wisc.edu
Subject: [Sci.& Rel.] Khoa-Ho.c & PG
Originator: daemon@media-lab.media.mit.edu
Reply-To: tran@neep.engr.wisc.edu
Organization: SCV Relay
Date: Tue, 17 Nov 1992 22:32:11 GMT


TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:

In Message-Id: <1992Nov7.195319.29499ddcis.ohio-state#.edu>
Viet-Anh V Nguyen wrote:

>>As a Buddhist Mahayana sutra ("Kinh") has expressed:
>>"Form is emptiness, and emptiness is form.  Emptiness is not different from
>>form, form is not different from emptiness. What is form that is emptiness,
>>what is emptiness that is form."
>>  "Kho^ng" in Buddhism is the ultimate reality Sunyata - roughly translated as
>>"Emptiness" or "the Void".  This reality underlying all phenomena is beyond
>>all forms and defies all description and specification.  It is therefore
>>often said to be formless, empty or void.  But this emptiness is not taken
>>for mere nothingness.  It is, on the contrary, the essence of all forms and
>>the source of all life#.  Such a living Void has an infinite creative
>>potential.  Thus, the Void can be compared to the quantum field of subatomic
>>physics which gives birth to an infinite variety of forms which it sustains
>>and eventually absorbs.

   Khi Fritjof Capra quote ca^u "Form is emptiness..."
trong cuo^'n "Sacred books of the East" cu?a Max Muller, o^ng
ta cu~ng cha(?ng buo^`n check la.i xem ca^u tre^n co' ddu'ng ba?n va(n
hay kho^ng, cho ne^n dda~ la^.p la.i cu`ng 1 y': "form is emptiness"
va` "what is form that is emptiness", va` dda~ dda?o lo^.n Kinh va(n.

   Tha^.t ra ca^u va(n dda^`y ddu? trong Ta^m Kinh la`:
"Sa('c cha(?ng kha'c kho^ng, kho^ng cha(?ng kha'c sa('c, sa('c chi'nh la`
kho^ng, kho^ng chi'nh la` sa('c; tho., tu+o+?ng, ha`nh, thu+'c, dde^`u nhu+
va^.y ca?."  Ca^u tre^n di.ch tu+` ca^u tie^'ng ha'n:
"Sa('c ba^'t di. kho^ng, kho^ng ba^'t di. sa('c, sa('c tu+'c thi. kho^ng,
kho^ng tu+'c thi. sa('c; tho., tu+o+?ng, ha`nh, thu+'c, die^.c phu.c nhu+
thi.."  va` ne^'u di.ch ra tie^'ng My~ thi` co' the^? nhu+ sau:
"Form does not differ from emptiness, emptiness does not differ from form, form
is emptiness, emptiness is form; likewise, the feelings, perceptions, impulses,
consciousnesses."

   Theo nhu+ kinh va(n thi` ba?n cha^'t cu?a mo.i su+. su+. va^.t va^.t,
thua^.t ngu+~ PG go.i la` Va.n Pha'p, dde^u` la` kho^ng, chu+' kho^ng pha?i
chi? co' sa('c mo+'i la` kho^ng.  Cho ne^n ta kho^ng the^? na`o so sa'nh
ti'nh "kho^ng" trong PG vo+'i quantum field of subatomic physics.
Ta.i sao#?  Thu+' nha^'t, vi` subatomic physics chi? la` 1 discipline
nho? trong physics, va` chi'nh physics cu~ng chi? la` ca^'p tha^'p
nha^'t trong 6 ca^'p cu?a ca'i the^' gio+'i va^.t cha^'t va` tinh tha^`n ma`
chu'ng ta ddang so^'ng.  Thu+' nhi`, theo PG thi` ngu+o+`i na`o du`ng
tri' tue^. qua'n chie^'u thu+.c tu+o+'ng hay ti'nh "Kho^ng" cu?a va.n Pha'p
va` ho^.i nha^.p ddu+o+.c ti'nh "Kho^ng" na`y, thi` ngu+o+`i ddo' he^'t bi. ra`ng
buo^.c bo+?i nhu+~ng kho^? a'ch o+? tre^n co~i ddo+`i na`y, nghi~a la` hoa`n
toa`n gia?i thoa't.  DDo' la` ca'i "du.ng" cu?a "Kho^ng".  Co`n ca'i
Quantum Field of Subatomic Physics co' ddu+a ngu+o+`i ta dde^'n su+.
gia?i thoa't hay kho^ng?  hay chi? lua^?n qua^?n trong ca'i vo`ng ha.n
he.p ti`m ca'ch gia?i thi'ch su+. tu+o+ng ta'c (interaction) cu?a 1 so^'
nho? particles vo^ tri vo^ gia'c?  Thu+' ba, "Kho^ng" trong PG,
nhu+ dda~ no'i o+? tre^n, ddo^`ng nghi~a vo+'i cha^n ly', va` nhu+~ng ngu+o+`i
dda('c dda.o do ho^.i nha^.p ti'nh "Kho^ng" kho^ng gia?i thi'ch cha^n ly'
ma` chi'nh la` hie^.n tha^n cu?a cha^n ly' qua su+. hie^?u bie^'t, ha`nh
ddo^.ng va` ta'c phong. Co`n khoa ho.c luo^n luo^n ti`m ca'ch gia?i
thi'ch cha^n ly' (ne^'u nhu+~ng breakthrough trong khoa ho.c ddu+o+.c
go.i la` cha^n ly'), va` dda^y chi'nh la` su+. kha'c bie^.t ca(n ba?n giu+~a
khoa-ho.c va` PG.

>>....In general relativity, the gravitational field and the structure, or
>>geometry, of space are identical.  They are represented in the fields
>>equations by one and the same mathematical quantity#.  Matter and space are
>>thus seen to be inseparable and interdependent parts of a single whole#.
>>That's where the parallel may be drawn: Space and matter in modern physics
>>and the Void and the forms in Buddhism.  Such a parallel is more pronounced
>>in quantum field theory, where quantum theory and relativity theory are
>>combined to describe the force fields of subatomic particles.  The
>>distinction between particles and the space surrounding them loses its
>>original sharpness and the void is recognized as a dynamic quantity of
>>paramount importance#.
......
>>In a way, Schroedinger's thought experiment can be seen as a modern physics
>>"koan" (dde^` ta`i Thie^`n Qua'n?) as follows:
>>.............

   Tru+o+'c khi comment ve^` ca'c va^'n dde^` tre^n to^i ca?m tha^'y pha?i
co' va`i lo+`i da^~n nha^.p ro^`i nha^n tie^.n vie^'t da`i do`ng 1 chu't:

   Thu+o+`ng thi` ca'c khoa-ho.c gia A^u My~ dda~ quen vo+'i phu+o+ng
pha'p khoa ho.c (thu tha^.p du+~ kie^.n, pha^n ti'ch du+~ kie^.n, ta.o 1
thuye^'t (theory) hoa(.c 1 ma^~u toa'n ho.c (mathematical model) dde^?
tie^n ddoa'n ke^'t qua? cu?a nhu+~ng thi' nghie^.m cu`ng loa.i) ne^n ho.
kho^ng quan nie^.m no^?i nhu+~ng gi` kho^ng kie^?m chu+'ng du+o+.c ba(`ng
thu+.c nghie^.m.  Tuy tu+. ha`o ve^` nhu+~ng tie^'n bo^. cu?a khoa-ho.c, ca'c
khoa ho.c gia thu+o+`ng co' ma(.c ca?m ddo^'i vo+'i nhu+~ng trie^'t ly' to^n
gia'o DDo^ng phu+o+ng, va` da^`n da^`n ho. nha^.n ra ra(`ng, trong ne^`n va(n
ho'a A^u My~, quan nie^.m ve^` the^' gio+'i la` 1 quan nie^.m ma'y mo'c,
vu.n va(.t, thie^'u so't va` chi'nh ddo' la` nguye^n nha^n cu?a nhu+~ng ba^'t
o^?n trong xa~ ho^.i#.  Do ddo', ca`ng nga`y ca`ng co' nhie^`u khoa-ho.c
gia quay ve^` ddu+o+`ng lo^'i suy nghi~ cu?a DDo^ng phu+o+ng.
   Ca'ch dda^y 17 na(m, Fritjof Capra cho ra cuo^'n "The Tao of
Physics", va` sau ddo' Gary Zukav dda~ vie^'t cuo^'n "The Dancing Wu
Li Masters" , Michael Talbot cuo^'n "Mysticism and the Modern
Physics", ca? 3 dde^`u ddu+a ra nhu+~ng parallels giu+~a Modern Physics
va` trie^'t ly' Do^ng phu+o+ng.  Cuo^'n cu?a Capra no^?i tie^'ng ho+n ca?
vi` Capra dda~ ddu+a ra ra^'t nhie^`u tu+o+ng ddo^`ng giu+~a modern physics
va` trie^'t ly' cu?a dda.o Ba` La Mo^n, dda.o Pha^.t, va` dda.o La~o, nha^'t la`
trie^'t ly' PG.

   Tha^.t ra, ne^'u chi? xe't be^` ngoa`i cu?a va(n tu+. ta tha^'y co'
nhie^`u tu+ tu+o+?ng trong PG va` trong modern physics gio^'ng nhau#.
Nhu+ng ddo' chi? la` su+. gio^'ng nhau ti`nh co+`, o+? ngoa`i ma(.t, va` chi?
nhu+ va^.y tho^i#.  Khi cho ra(`ng gio^'ng nhau ca? ve^` hi`nh thu+'c la^~n
no^.i dung, ngu+o+`i ta dda~ la`m 1 co^ng vie^.c ga'n e'p.  Tha^.t va^.y,
trong PG ai cu~ng bie^'t ra(`ng va(n tu+. chi? la` phu+o+ng tie^.n chu+'
kho^ng pha?i la` cha^n ly', va` ra(`ng cha^n ly' chi? co' the^? tu+. chu+'ng
chu+' kho^ng the^? nghi~ ba`n.  Trong khoa ho.c va(n tu+. ke^'t lie^`n vo+'i
nhu+~ng kha'm pha' mo+'i ve^` khoa ho.c, to^i muo^'n no'i kha'm pha' mo+'i
chu+' kho^ng pha?i la` cha^n ly', vi` cho to+'i ba^y gio+` cha^n ly' to^'i
ha^.u cu?a modern physics va^~n co`n o+? ngoa`i ta^`m tay cu?a ca'c khoa
ho.c gia, ke^? ca? nhu+~ng ngu+o+`i no^?i tie^'ng nha^'t, ddu+o+.c nhie^`u gia?i
Nobel nha^'t.  Nhu+ng Capra dda~ "mu'a bu't vu+o+`n hoang" khi ddu+a ra
nhu+~ng ke^'t lua^.n dde^? tu+o+ng ddo^`ng nhu+~ng tha`nh qua? trong modern
physics vo+'i cha^n ly' trong PG, nhu+~ng ke^'t lua^.n na`y co' the^? la`m
cho ngu+o+`i ddo.c ra^'t de^~ cha^'p nha^.n ne^'u ngu+o+`i ddo.c kho^ng co' ca(n
ba?n ve^` hoa(.c modern physics, hoa(.c PG, hoa(.c ca? 2.  Cu~ng vi`
va^.y ma` chu'ng ta kho^ng nga.c nhie^n khi co' nhie^`u va^.t-ly'-gia
kho^ng ddo^`ng y' vo+'i Capra#.  Ravi Ravindra, a physicist, nha^.n
xe't nhu+ sau: "The belief that science is reaching mystical truth is
based on naive and arrogant assumptions".  Jeremy Bernstein,
1 va^.t-ly'-gia chuye^n ve^` particle physics cu~ng coi su+. so sa'nh
giu+~a nhu+~ng ke^'t qua? va^.t-ly' va` cha^n ly' to^n gia'o nhu+ la`
"superficial and profoundly misleading", va` John Wheeler dda~
xe^'p nhu+~ng toan ti'nh tu+o+ng ddo^`ng ho'a va^.t-ly' va` to^n gia'o DDo^ng
phu+o+ng la` "moonshine, pathological science, and charlatanism".
Nhu+~ng lo+`i phe^ bi`nh tre^n ke^? ra thi` ho+i na(.ng nhu+ng kho^ng pha?i
la` unfounded.

   Sau dda^y la` 1 vi' du. ddie^?n hi`nh:

   Trong cuo^'n "The Tao of Physics" Capra vie^'t, trang 36:

"Anybody who wants to repeat and experiment in modern subatomic physics has to 
undergo many years of training.  Only then will he or she be able to ask nature
a specific question through the experiment and to understand the answer.  
Similarly, a deep mystical experience requires, generally, many years of 
training under an experienced master and, as in the scientific training, the 
dedicated time does not alone guarantee success.  If the student is successful,
however, he or she will be able to 'repeat the experiment'....
   A mystical experience, therefore, is not any more unique than a modern
experiment in physics."...

   DDem ke^'t qua? cu?a 1 thi' nghie^.m va^.t-ly', du` la` 1 thi' nghie^.m
ngoa.n mu.c nha^'t trong nga`nh va^.t-ly' kho' nha^'t la` subatomic 
physics (1 ke^'t qua? co' dda(.c ti'nh la` tu+o+ng ddo^'i, gio+'i ha.n, ga^`n
ddu'ng, luo^n luo^n thay ddo^?i vo+'i tho+`i gian) dde^? so sa'nh vo+'i su+.
thu+.c chu+'ng Pha^.t ta'nh, Cha^n Nhu+, Ba?n Lai Die^.n Mu.c, Ti'nh 
Kho^ng v...v... trong PG, 1 thu+' cha^n ly' tuye^.t ddo^'i, cha(?ng
sanh cha(?ng die^.t (kho^ng tuy` thuo^.c tho+`i gian), cha(?ng nho+
cha(?ng sa.ch (kho^ng tuy` thuo^.c ti'nh cha^'t va^.t-ly'), cha(?ng ta(ng
cha(?ng gia?m (kho^ng tuy` thuo^.c kho^ng gian), to^i nghi~ Capra qua?
dda~ "coi tro+`i ba(`ng vung".  (Ta^m Kinh: Thi. chu+ Pha'p kho^ng
tu+o+'ng ba^'t sanh ba^'t die^.t, ba^'t ca^'u ba^'t ti.nh, ba^'t ta(ng ba^'t
gia?m).  Tha^.t va^.y:

   1. Mo^.t thuye^'t trong modern physics thu+o+`ng co' ti'nh cha^'t
nay vu+~ng mai ddo^? va` chu+a co' thuye^'t na`o ddu+o+.c coi la` to^'i ha^.u#.
Sheldon L. Glashow, gia'o su+  dda.i-ho.c Harvard dda~ ddu+o+.c gia?i
Nobel ve^` Va^.t-ly' , dda~ vie^'t nhu+ sau:  "Nuclear physics, like 
atomic physics before it, was once a 'fundamental new theory concerning the 
structure of matter'.  Not any longer.  The proton is a composite of quarks 
held together by the color forces.  As we probe more deeply into the structure 
of matter, obstacles appear beyond those intrinsic to our science#.  
Accelerators become dreadfully expensive while the practical value of our 
hard-won knowledge seems nil.  Strange particles are almost 40 years old and 
are still entirely useless.  We have a correct, complete and consistent theory 
of elementary particle phenomena, but this is precisely what bothers us.  Our
theory has too many parameters to be the last word. (Physics Today, Feb.1986,
page 11)".

   Thuye^'t Glashow no'i o+? dda^y chi'nh la` Quantum Field Theory ma`
Viet-Anh vie^'t o+? tre^n, ddo' la` thuye^'t ve^` Tru+o+`ng Ho+.p Nha^'t 
(Unified Field Theory), mo^.t toan ti'nh ho+.p nha^'t 4 loa.i lu+.c
ca(n ba?n: Strong and weak nuclear forces, electromagnic force
va` gravitational force, trong Space-Time).  Thuye^'t na`y kho^ng
tha`nh co^ng vi` dda~ da^~n to+'i nhie^`u ba^'t tu+o+`ng (anomalies) khi kha?o
sa't va^.t cha^'t o+? ca^'p subatomic.  (Thu+.c ra, trong khoa?ng mu+o+`i 
ma^'y na(m ga^`n dda^y, Michael Green o+? DDa.i-ho.c Queen Mary, London va`
John Schwarz o+? Caltech. dda~ ti`m ca'ch gia?i quye^'t va^'n dde^` nhu+~mg
parameters va` anomalies va` ddu+a ra 1 thuye^'t mo+'i go.i la` Unified
Superstring Theory trong ddo' nhu+~ng particle kho^ng pha?i la` nhu+~ng
cha^'t ddie^?m ma` la` nhu+~ng ma^?u gia^y vo^ cu`ng nho? va` Space-Time 4
chie^`u ddu+o+.c thay the^' bo+?i 1 mie^`n lie^n tu.c (continuum) 10 chie^`u, 
4 chie^`u cho Space-Time nhu+ trong thuye^'t cu~ va` 6 chie^`u chu'ng
ta kho^ng the^? nhi`n tha^'y ddu+o+.c vi` chu'ng infinitesimally curled up.

   Nhu+ va^.y, ne^'u cho ra(`ng ke^'t qua? cu?a 1 thi' nghie^.m mo+'i hoa(.c
su+. pha't minh ra 1 thuye^'t va^.t-ly' mo+'i (nay vu+~ng mai ddo^?) tu+o+ng
ddu+o+ng vo+'i su+. thu+.c chu+'ng cu?a 1 ngu+o+`i dda('c dda.o trong PG thi` 
cha(?ng le~ khi thuye^'t va^.t ly' na`y ddo^?, Cha^n Nhu+ hay Pha^.t ta'nh
cu~ng ddo^? theo hay sao#?

   2.Kie^'n thu+'c khoa-ho.c la` loa.i kie^'n thu+'c ti'ch luy~, co'
tru+o+'c co' sau, hie^?u ca'i sau nho+` ca'i tru+o+'c, do ddo' kha'c vo+'i
ca'i hie^?u trong PG la` pha?i tu+. chu+'ng.  Trong khoa ho.c, to^i
co' the^? gia?ng cho ba.n 1 hie^.n tu+o+.ng va^.t ly' qua 1 phu+o+ng 
tri`nh hay 1 ma^~u toa'n ho.c.  Ne^'u ba.n co' ddu? tri`nh ddo^. (do su+.
hie^?u bie^'t ti'ch lu~y) thi` ba.n co' the^? hie^?u va` du`ng ngay ddu+o+.c
phu+o+ng tri`nh hay ma^~u toa'n ho.c ddo'.  Su+. hie^?u bie^'t cu?a ba.n 
khi ddo' va` ve^` va^'n dde^` ddo' kho^ng kha'c gi` su+. hie^?u bie^'t cu?a to^i#.
Trong PG, su+. hie^?u bie^'t va` thu+.c chu+'ng cu?a 1 cao Ta(ng nhie^`u
la('m la` 1 su+. hu+o+'ng da^~n.  Tuy trong nhie^`u tru+o+`ng ho+.p su+.
hu+o+'ng da^~n tre^n vo^ cu`ng quan tro.ng va` ca^`n thie^'t, va^'n dde^` va^~n
la` chi'nh ba.n pha?i ddi'ch tha^n ddi to+'i mu.c ddi'ch.  Ba.n kho^ng the^?
du`ng ca'i hie^?u cu?a su+ phu. la`m ca'i hie^?u cu?a ba.n, va` nhu+~ng na(m
da`i tu ta^.p kho^ng ha(?n la` 1 ba?o dda?m dde^? ba.n tha`nh co^ng trong
va^'n dde^` thu+.c chu+'ng.

   3.Trong khoa-ho.c, thu+o+`ng thu+o+`ng ngu+o+`i ta pha?i ho.c trung
bi`nh la` 20 na(m (ke^? tu+` tie^?u ho.c) dde^? la^'y ddu+o+.c ca'i ba(`ng Tie^'n
Si~.  Tie^'n Si~ la` 1 nha~n hie^.u ngu+o+`i ta dung dde^? cho tie^'ng no'i
cu?a mi`nh ve^` va^'n dde^` chuye^n mo^n co' uy ti'n ddo^'i vo+'i dda so^' qua^`n 
chu'ng tho^ng thu+o+`ng.  Trong nhu+ng ho^.i nghi. quo^'c gia hay quo^'c
te^', thu+o+`ng ba.n ca^`n pha?i co' Tie^'n Si~ mo+'i ddu? tu+ ca'ch tha?o lua^.n 
thuye^'t na`y thuye^'t no. vo+'i ca'c Tie^'n Si~ kha'c trong nghe^`, va`
khi ti`m ra ddu+o+.c 1 ca'i gi` mo+'i la., ba.n ddu+o+.c coi la` tha`nh co^ng,
du` ra(`ng su+. tha`nh co^ng na`y vo^ cu`ng tu+o+ng ddo^'i va` kho^ng vu+~ng
be^`n.  Trong PG ba.n kho^ng ca^`n pha?i co' ba(`ng ca^'p dde^? co' the^?
tha`nh co^ng trong va^'n dde^` tu ta^.p.  Ba.n kho^ng ca^`n pha?i co' "Tie^'n
Si~ Pha^.t Gia'o" dde^? tu ta^.p va` tie^'n to+'i gia'c ngo^..  Ti` Kheo
Sangharakshita dda~ xe^'p nhie^`u ho.c gia? co' "Tie^'n Si~ PG" va`o loa.i
Kha^?u Thie^`n, nghi~a la` no'i ra^'t nhie^`u ve^` Thie^`n ma` kho^ng bie^'t
gi` ve^` Thie^`n (so^'ng vo+'i Thie^`n).

   4. Ve^` phu+o+ng die^.n thu+.c ha`nh, ca(n ba?n tu ta^.p trong PG la`
Gio+'i, DDi.nh, Tue^. dde^? ddo^'i tri. va` ddoa.n die^.t Tham, Sa^n, Si#.  DDe^?
dda.t to+'i cha^n ly' trong PG, ha`nh gia? kho^ng the^? ta'ch ro+`i Gio+'i, 
DDi.nh, Tue^. ra ngoa`i qua' tri`nh tu ta^.p, ddo^`ng tho+`i co`n pha?i
pha't trie^?n lo`ng tu+` bi, ca'i sinh lu+.c die^.u du.ng cu?a Bo^` Ta't 
DDa.o#.  Mo^.t va^.t-ly'-gia, trong qua' tri`nh hua^'n luye^.n, kho^ng co'
1 ra`ng buo^.c tinh tha^`n na`o#.  Anh/Chi. ta trong khi nghie^n 
cu+'u Va^.t-ly', co^' ga('ng hoa`n tha`nh 1 thi' nghie^.m ngoa.n mu.c trong
Va^.t-ly', va^~n co' the^? ddi sa(n, ddi ca^u, a(n ca('p cu?a co^ng, no'i do^'i,
uo^'ng ru+o+.u say su+a va` ta` da^m tha'c loa.n.  Nhu+~ng vie^.c na`y kho^ng
he^` co' a?nh hu+o+?ng to+'i su+. hua^'n luye^.n cu?a anh/chi. ta trong la~nh
vu+.c va^.t-ly'.  Ba^y gio+` chu'ng ta chi? ca^`n nghi~ to+'i 5 gio+'i cu?a 1 
Pha^.t-tu+? dda~ quy y Tam Ba?o chu'ng ta dda~ co' the^? tha^'y su+. kha'c 
bie^.t ba^'t kha? so sa'nh giu+~a 1 Pha^.t-tu+? ta^`m thu+o+`ng va` 1 va^.t-ly'
gia ve^` va^'n dde^` ra`ng buo^.c tinh tha^`n, cha(?ng ca^`n pha?i ke^? to+'i
10 gio+'i cu?a Sa Di, 250 gio+'i cu?a Ti` Kheo va` 348 gio+'i cu?a 
Ti` Kheo Ni#.

   Qua 4 ddie^?m tre^n chu'ng ta ha~y tu+. ho?i: ba(`ng va`o ca'i gi` ma`
Capre DA'M, to^i muo^'n nha^'n ma.nh chu+~ DA'M, so sa'nh qua' tri`nh
hua^'n luye^.n cu?a 1 physicist vo+'i con ddu+o+`ng tu ta^.p cu?a 1 tu 
si~ PG, ddu+`ng no'i dde^'n chuye^.n so sa'nh 1 ke^'t qua? thu+.c nghie^.m
va^.t-ly' vo+'i su+. thu+.c chu+'ng trong PG?

  Sau cu`ng la` ve^` ca'i "Koan" cu?a Viet-Anh.  To^i co' ca?m tu+o+?ng
ra(`ng ba.n V-A coi "Koan" nhu+ la` nhu+~ng ba`i toa'n trong khoa-
ho.c va` gia?i ddu+o+.c 1 "Koan" cu~ng nhu+ gia?i ddu+o+.c 1 va^'n dde^` trong
khoa-ho.c.  "Koan", PG go.i la` Co^ng-A'n.  Trong PG, Co^ng A'n ma` 
ca'c Thie^`n su+ dda(.t ra la` 1 ky~ thua^.t dde^? giu'p dde^. tu+? hu+~u duye^n
gia'c ngo^..  Vi` ca(n tri' mo.i ngu+o+`i dde^`u kha'c ne^n co' ra^'t nhie^`u
co^ng-a'n, mo^~i co^ng a'n ho+.p vo+'i tri`nh ddo^. va` ca(n co+ cu?a 1 so^'
ngu+o+`i va` kho^ng pha?i ba^'t cu+' ai cu~ng tham kha'n cu`ng 1 co^ng-a'n.
Tuy va^.y, khi gia?i ddu+o+.c 1 co^ng a'n co' nghi~a la` ddo^`ng tho+`i gia?i
ddu+o+.c mo.i co^ng-a'n kha'c.  Ky~ thua^.t co^ng a'n chi? la` 1 trong 
ra^'t nhie^`u Pha'p-mo^n da^~n to+'i gia'c ngo^..  Trong physics, gia?i
ddu+o+.c ca'i "co^ng-a'n con me`o che^'t" kho^ng co' nghi~a la` dda.t ddu+o+.c
cha^n ly' cu?a modern physics.  DDo' la.i chi? la` 1 kha'm pha' mo+'i,
gio+'i ha.n trong 1 la~nh vu+.c ra^'t nho? cu?a khoa-ho.c, va` dda(.c bie^.t
la` va^~n co' dda(.c ti'nh "nay vu+~ng mai ddo^?".
   Capra cu~ng gio^'ng V-A khi vie^'t ra(`ng: The quark puzzle has
all the traits of a new "koan" which, in turn, could lead to a major
breakthrough in our understanding of subatomic particles (page 257).

   Vie^'t 1 ba`i da`i le^ the^ nhu+ tre^n to^i co' 2 mu.c ddi'ch:

Thu+' nha^'t la` dde^? go'p ddo^i chu't y' kie^'n ve^` bai` cu?a Viet-Anh.
Thu+' nhi`, va` dda^y la` ddie^`u chi'nh ye^'u: to^i muo^'n ca^'t bo? nhu+~ng
ma(.c ca?m, ne^'u co', cu?a 1 so^' ngu+o+`i nha^'t la` nhu+~ng Pha^.t-tu+? ddo^'i
vo+'i khoa-ho.c, dda(.c bie^.t la` ddo^'i vo+'i khoa-ho.c ky~ thua^.t, nhu+~ng
ma(.c ca?m ma` to^i cho la` kho^ng ca(n cu+' va` kho^ng ho+.p ly', ba(`ng
ca'ch nhi`n khoa-ho.c va`o ddu'ng vi. the^' cu?a bo^. mo^n na`y#.  Ga^`n dda^y
nhie^u` ngu+o+`i khi vie^'t ve^` PG thu+o+`ng hay ddu+a khoa-ho.c va`o, co'
le~ dde^? chu+'ng to? "uy ti'n" ddo^'i vo+'i qua^`n chu'ng tho^ng thu+o+`ng. 
Co' ngu+o+`i vie^'t: "Nhu+~ng kha'm pha' mo+'i cu?a khoa-ho.c nga`y ca`ng
chu+'ng minh cha^n ly' cu?a lo+`i Kinh xu+a". (Cha^n ly' nha` Pha^.t co'
the^? chu+'ng minh ddu+o+.c cha(ng?).  Cho ne^n, to^i muo^'n nhu+~ng ai
thu+o+`ng bi. cho'i ma('t bo+?i nhu+~ng ha`o quang tie^'n bo^. cu?a khoa-
ho.c ky~ thua^.t ha~y tu+. ho?i: ta.i sao ta la.i pha?i co' ma(.c ca?m ddo^'i
vo+'i 1 bo^. mo^n tha^'p ke'm, thie^'u so't, vu.n va(.t, vo^ thu+o+`ng, va`
la` nguye^n nha^n cu?a nhie^`u a'c nghie^.p?  Ho?i nhu+ va^.y tu+'c la` dda~
tra? lo+`i#.

ENJOY IF YOU CAN.

CTN