From: cthiele@yoho.carleton.ca (Christina Thiele)
Subject: Re: Query for IPA fonts running on \TeX
Keywords: IPA fonts for PC, linguistic tree diagrams
Organization: Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
Date: Sun, 22 Nov 1992 05:45:49 GMT

In article <1992Nov18.051727.25939%hhlin@Uz.nthu.edu.tw> hhlin@Uz.nthu.edu.tw (Hsiu-Hsu Lin (LING G794706) TEL.(035)715131-4966) writes:
>Hello Everyone:  I am a graduate majoring linguistics. If anyone
>should know any IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet) fonts for
>\TeX running on PC, please inform me. My output device in an HP
>LaserJet 3. 

I do the typesetting for the Canadian Journal of Linguistics where
we've been using the IPA fonts from Washington State University
(wsuipa). From the David Jones Index, here's what I found:

> Name: ipamacs.tex
> Description: TeX macros for typesetting using the Washington State
      University International Phonetic Alphabet fonts (wsuipa).
> Archives: ymir, stuttgart

So that's for the macros. Now the fonts... In a list of fonts posted 3
May 92 by Liam Quin of Toronto to c.t.t., the wsuipa fonts are
mentioned:

``Used by linguistics, and also in some dictionaries. It's designed to
go with Computer Modern. From WSU.
The csli version has been extended by Emma Pease
(emma@csli.stanford.edu) to include hooked D, B and K, and probably
more.

ftp: ymir.claremont.edu (134.173.4.23): cd [anonymous.tex.mf]
ftp: clsi.stanford.edu (36.9.0.46): File: pub/TeXfile/Phonetic/Phonetic.tar.Z''

I'm using the versions I got back when I was involved in developing
the fonts, so the Pease update might be the better trail to follow.

By the way, we relied heavily upon a great little book by Pullam and
Ladusaw (_Phonetic Symbol Guide_, U. of Chicago Press, 1986) for the
macro names and some of the finer points in drawing the shapes: the
authors had ever so thoughtfully added what is in essence the x-height
for all symbols, making it so much easier to design the font. Well...
the intent of the book was to help introductory linguistics students
draw IPA symbols correctly.

Tree diagrams...

I also have to draw lines diagonally like what follows:
>               S
>             /   \
>            NP   VP
>           / \   / \
>         Det N  V  NP
>                  /  \
>                 Det  N
>As the diagram shows, some node recurs. If any one knows where to
>get macros ready for use (annonymous FTP preferrably), please
>inform me at:
>             hhlin@uz.nthu.edu.tw


Tree diagrams! I'm afraid I just go the pragmatic route: get TeX to
position all text (the nodes) and then apply Lettraline. Getting a
journal out and meeting deadlines is still a more compelling argument
than getting TeX to actually obey me ;-)  

My tactic is to view tree diagrams as a grid (rows and columns) with
mainly empty boxes -- I use table constructions. I usually pencil in
vertical lines on the ms, so, for your example, I would have (using
LaTeX) the following code. A trick is to first do the widest/longest
line, and count each node as a single column. Columns above or below
which span two nodes are then centred over those two with
\multicolumn. 

So, the widest line is  Det  N  V  NP:

Det & N & V & NP \\

Above it, NP and VP are the origins for the two groups of nodes below
them: 

\multicolumn{2}{c}{NP} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{VP} \\ [12pt]
Det    & N             & V    & NP \\

I also have this mania for lining up my & so I don't get lost, and it
also makes debugging easier (as in: the author sends in a crappy
facsimile of a tree diagram and you guess wrong ;-) ). Second point is
that I leave [12pt] between rows, to allow ample space for that
Letraline (I can hear the howls -- I know!).

The top of the tree has an S (Sentence) node over the whole show, and
I'll do the bottom row too:

{\tabcolsep=7pt
\begin{tabular}{ccccc}
\multicolumn{4}{c}{S} \\ [12pt]
\multicolumn{2}{c}{NP} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{VP} \\ [12pt]
Det    & N             & V    & NP \\ [12pt]
       &               & Det  &    & N
\end{tabular}
}

Sometimes I find the results too tight, too close together, so I'll
change the \tabcolsep value to something like 7pt or 8pt (do that
before the \begin{tabular} command. If you don't group it for just
that tree diagram, it will affect all tables in your file.

If you have a screen previewer on your PC, you can customise the
position of your nodes -- for example, in this tree, I find the
rightmost N on the last row stuck out rather far to the right, so I
would change its column assignment from ``c'' to ``l'' and see if that
helped. If not, then I'd insert some negative space to move it
leftwards. There are any number of tricks to moving things around once
you've got them set up in a table structure. 

Oh, one more thing. If you're on a PC and it processes things rather
slowly, do your trees as separate files, testing each one till it's ok
and only then insert it back into the main file. No sense in TeXing a
file 18 times when it's only the top of p.4 you want to see ;-)

Have fun! 

Christina Thiele