HDTenEightyP/NetNews huggingface dataset:
From: phantom@pro-haven.cts.com (Tiffany Keller)
Newsgroups: rec.radio.amateur.misc
Subject: Re: License Stats REQUEST
Date: 16 Oct 92 13:12:02 GMT
Organization: ProLine [pro-haven] - Pariahs' Haven BBS, 409/693-8262, 9600-300

Howdy!

In <93226@netnews.upenn.edu> kupiec@hp800.lasalle.edu (Bob Kupiec) writes:

% Could someone please post or email the statistics for the number of
% licenses issued in each class for the past years?  I am most interested
% in current data. (i.e. last years totals and this years total as of
% last month)
% 
% Surely someone knows this info from the FCC.
% 
% Thanks for your help.
% 
% -- 
% \/\  Bob Kupiec - Amateur Radio: N3MML   UUCP: (My machine is down,  )   /\/\/
% /\/\   Internet: kupiec@hp800.lasalle.edu      (use INTERNET address.)  /\/\/\
% \/\/\    LaSalle University, 20th St. & Olney Ave., Philadelphia, PA   /\/\/\/
% /\/\/\     Self-Quote: "I'm MS-DOS free: never had it, never will."   /\/\/\/\


        Hey Bob.....If ya can get ur hands on a copy of either the CQ
Equipment Buyers' Guide -- '93 (I *think* that's where I saw it...;-)  ) I
think it had a nice full listing of all that info......
        
        Hope that works for ya.....
        
        73!
        
        
        T.M.K.
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
Internet:  phantom@pro-haven.cts.com           KJ5??  (new call soon.....)       
UUCP:      crash!pro-haven!phantom             Try 28.440MHz.....                       
        For the latest breaking Aggie Jokes, Dial 1-800-AGGIE-IQ.....
".....and for the first time in twenty years in Waxahachie, Texas.....
......it rained!"   The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
From: chuck@npdiss1.StPaul.NCR.COM (Charles Rissmeyer)
Newsgroups: rec.radio.amateur.misc
Subject: Re: Bearcat 300 problem, help please
Date: 13 Oct 92 15:46:15 GMT
Reply-To: chuck@npdiss1.StPaul.NCR.COM (Charles Rissmeyer)
Organization: StPaul

In article <1992Oct11.150130.3809@vax.muskingum.edu> re_sims@vax.muskingum.edu writes:
>Please Help
>
>I have a Bearcat 300, and it has a problem,

Jim- I had a similar "flakey" problem with my BC300 about 3 years ago. I sent
it to Uniden and they fixed it.  They charged me a flat cost of $75, and they
replaced the entire front panet circuit board.  I'm sure that board cost alot
more than the $75 I spent.  Plus, they rewired the main board; probably to
bring it up to date.   The thing has never worked better, and it's been
working great ever since.   If you want, I'll sell you mine; make me an
offer. :)

Good luck


Charles (Chuck) Rissmeyer    KE0VG
(612) 638-7669  (VP 652-7669) -  charles.rissmeyer@StPaul.NCR.COM
NCR - An AT&T Company             NCR  CCS-PM&S NPD St. Paul
From: mcovingt@aisun3.ai.uga.edu (Michael Covington)
Newsgroups: rec.radio.amateur.misc
Subject: Re: Plans to build transceivers.
Date: 7 Oct 92 15:37:21 GMT
Article-I.D.: athena.1992Oct7.153721.26861
Organization: AI Programs, University of Georgia, Athens

The main reason people don't build transceivers is that digital tuning
is hard to set up.

BUT I have an idea.  Take a modest digital RECEIVER (e.g., Radio Shack
DX-440, Sony 2010) and add an IF output (to take advantage of the synthesized
IF), perhaps some other outputs, and make it into a digital synthesized
transceiver.

Anyone ever done this?

-- 
:- Michael A. Covington     internet mcovingt@uga.cc.uga.edu 
:- Artificial Intelligence Programs       phone 706 542-0359
:- The University of Georgia                fax 706 542-0349
:- Athens, Georgia 30602 U.S.A.          amateur radio N4TMI
Newsgroups: rec.radio.amateur.misc
From: chuck@eng.umd.edu (Chuck Harris - WA3UQV)
Subject: Re: Plans to build transceivers. (Review of Oak Hills 20m QRP xcvr)
Date: Tue, 13 Oct 92 21:04:06 GMT
Organization: University of Maryland, Department of Electrical Engineering
Distribution: usa

In article <1992Oct12.143942.12733@news.acns.nwu.edu> rdewan@casbah.acns.nwu.edu (Rajiv Dewan) writes:
>In article <1992Oct10.175930.17199@eng.umd.edu> chuck@eng.umd.edu (Chuck Harris - WA3UQV) writes:
...
>>	Operation is fairly comfortable.  If the signal is very loud in the
>>receiver, the other side might be just able to hear you.  The volume control
>>is the worst feature.  The difference between acceptable loudness, and ear
>>shattering loud is about 1 degree of rotation!  The AGC works pretty well, but
>>...
>
>Thanks for the review Chuck.  A suggestion for fixing the volume control
>problem:  
>
>If the pot is of linear taper, then replace it with one with
>an audio taper.  
>
>If it has an audio taper then consider switching the side leads on the pot.  
>This will make the pot reverse (clockwise for less volume) but it might 
>expand the desired part of the resistance range.  
>

This will have little or no effect.  The problem is that a resistive divider
volume control needs to drive a very high impedance stage.  An 8 ohm head set
does not qualify!  You would need to use a "T-Pad" to make this work properly.

Actually all they needed to do was add one more transistor...

73,

Chuck Harris - WA3UQV
chuck@eng.umd.edu
From: rcmcc@vela.bellcore.com (Ron McConnell)
Newsgroups: rec.radio.amateur.misc
Subject: Re: MFJ 2 meter J pole
Keywords: j-pole, twinlead, FAQ
Date: 15 Oct 92 12:59:52 GMT
Reply-To: rcmcc@vela.UUCP (Ron McConnell)
Organization: Bellcore, Morristown NJ

The 2 meter twinlead j-pole design looks
like a perfect candidate for the ham FAQ.

Ron McConnell, w2iol
Newsgroups: rec.radio.amateur.misc
From: rdewan@casbah.acns.nwu.edu (Rajiv Dewan)
Subject: Digital Committee report: Letter to ARRL director.
Organization: Northwestern University, Evanston Illinois.
Distribution: usa
Date: Tue, 13 Oct 1992 14:33:56 GMT

This is a copy of a letter that 36 members in my club sent to our
ARRL Division Director today.  Please feel free to excerpt part
or all of it for exhorting your Director to vote for amending 
the sub-band allocations listed in Appendix B of Digital 
Committee's Sept 26 report. 

Rajiv                                 
aa9ch    
Address: r-dewan@nwu.edu
Phone:   None. Only CW.
And AMTOR occasionally.

------------------------------------------------------------------

Director,         Division
American Radio Relay League                           October 12, 1992


  Re: Digital Committee's 160m and 30m Packet Sub-band Proposal


Dear Mr.        :

    We are concerned about the subbands for unattended automatic HF Packet in
the Digital Committee's proposal, Appendix B, dated October 1992. The
Committee proposes subbands in all nine HF bands for unattended automatic
packet operation.  While we applaud the Committee's efforts in sorting out the
HF Packet operations, we take issue with two of the subbands selected, one in
the 160m band and the other in the 30m band.

For many generations and in long lived Amateur Radio tradition, the bottom
portion of the Top Band has been devoted to CW operations.  Most of the CW
activity in this, the most elegant of all of the HF the bands, the 160m band,
takes place between 1.800 and 1.840MHz.  And yet, the Digital Committee
proposes a subband of 1.810 to 1.820MHz for unattended automatic packet
operation.  We think that this is incompatible with Amateur Radio tradition. 
It breaks up the narrow segment that has become the hub of CW activity in the
160m band and  proposes to devote a full 25% of it to unattended automatic
packet.  We think that this is unacceptable.  Can not the Committee find a
10KHz subband else where in the 160m band?  Does it have to be right in the
middle the most CW active portion of the band? 

The 30m band is a refuge for all non-contesting CW operators and a haven for
low power CW operators.  The Committee recommends a 10.140 to 10.150MHz
subband, a whopping 20% of the complete band, for unattended automatic packet. 
Low power and lack of contesting make this band special.  Do we have to devote
20% of this interesting band to unattended automatic packet?  Can we not let a
Radio amateur tapping out CW, which is `attended' and `non-automatic', take
precedence over a background and robotic task of transferring ALLUSA bulletins
over HF packet?  Let us leave this band alone and move out the robots to other
bands.

When this comes up in the ARRL Director's meeting, we request you to move for
an amendment to the subbands proposed by the Committee that moves the 160m
subband out of the 1.810 to 1.840MHz segment and deletes the 30m subband.  If
this cannot be done, we request you to vote NO to the proposal.


Signatures.
Newsgroups: rec.radio.amateur.misc
From: hemstree@greyrock.mso.colostate.edu (Charles Hemstreet)
Subject: Re: INFO: DJ580/T Problems!
Date: Fri, 16 Oct 1992 01:27:55 GMT
Organization: Colorado State University


My DJ580t works superb!  It is the best radio I have ever bought.
Yours must have been the one in a million!  Have you thought about
buying a lottory ticket?

Charles


--
!===========================================================================!
! Charles H. Hemstreet IV       !internet: hemstree@handel.cs.Colostate.Edu !
! Colorado State University     !        Professional College Student       !
!===========================================================================!
Newsgroups: rec.radio.amateur.misc
From: gws
Subject: Special Bulletin 36  ARLX036
Organization: HAM BBS, 614-895-2553 
Distribution: na
Date: Wed, 14 Oct 92 07:46:23 GMT


============================================================== 
| 	Automatic relayed from packet radio via              | 
| N8EMR's Ham BBS, 614-895-2553                              |
==============================================================

ZCZC AX96
QST de W1AW
Special Bulletin 36  ARLX036
>From ARRL Headquarters Newington CT
October 13, 1992
Relayed by KB8NW/OBS & BARF-80 BBS
To all radio amateurs

SB SPCL ARL ARLX036
ARLX036 DXAC recommendations

The ARRL DX Advisory Committee (DXAC) has voted to recommend the
following additions to the DXCC countries list:

Croatia             9A (was YU2)   15 to 1
Slovenia            S5 (was YU3)   15 to 1
Bosnia-Hercegovina  YU4            13 to 3
Macedonia           YU5            12 to 4

The DXAC intends for the entity of Yugoslavia to continue on the
list.  This entity is composed of Serbia (YU1), Montenegro (YU6),
Vojvodina (YU7) and Kosovo (YU8).

These recommendations now go to the ARRL Awards Committee for
consideration.  Start dates will be announced after Awards
Committee action.  Please, do not send QSL cards to the DXCC Desk
for these countries until they have been offically addes to the
list and a date for acceptance has been announced.
NNNN
From: jcs@zoo.bt.co.uk (John C Sager)
Newsgroups: rec.radio.amateur.misc
Subject: Re:  Sony PYXIS GPS receiver?
Date: 14 Oct 92 11:39:57 GMT
Organization: British Telecommunications plc

>In article <9210131442.aa02264@crdec7.apgea.army.mil> >wejones@crdec7.apgea.army.mil (Bill Jones) writes:
>> 
>>Is there any way to tell when they are degrading the accuracy?  The GPS50
>>calculates what it "THINKS" its accuracy is, and I was curious whether
>>it can sense whether the DOD degrading is on or off, or if it is being
>>fooled.
>
>Most of the "quality" and accuracy calculations I have seen with respect
>to GPS concern the number of satellites in view and their orientation
>relative to the observer.  The same calculations are made (and displayed)
>with "spoofing" enabled or disabled.


All satellites transmit a "User Range Accuracy" figure, whether this includes
the effects of SA I don't know. Here is a listing I got from a Trimble
SVeeSix Plus receiver just before I posted this:

Ephemeris Status
    SV     Time collected   Health  IODE        t oe        Fit   URA
     2    Wed 11:09:12.000    00     BD   Wed 10:51:44.000   0   32.0
     3    Wed  7:23:48.000    00     B8   Wed  9:00:00.000   0    4.0
    11    Wed 11:24:12.000    00     46   Wed 13:00:00.000   0    4.0
    12    Wed  3:23:42.000    00     84   Wed  5:00:00.000   0    5.7
    13    Wed  2:23:42.000    00     09   Wed  2:51:44.000   0    2.8
    14    Wed 11:24:12.000    00     AC   Wed 12:00:00.000   0   32.0
    15    Wed 11:24:12.000    00     42   Wed 12:00:00.000   0    4.0
    16    Wed  6:38:48.000    00     B1   Wed  8:00:00.000   0   32.0
    17    Wed  8:53:48.000    00     CF   Wed 10:00:00.000   0   32.0
    18    Wed  6:08:48.000    00     4A   Wed  6:51:44.000   0   32.0
    19    Wed  7:23:48.000    00     61   Wed  6:51:44.000   0   32.0
    20    Wed  5:38:48.000    00     DD   Wed  4:51:44.000   0    2.8
    21    Wed 11:24:12.000    00     0F   Wed 12:00:00.000   0   32.0
    23    Wed 10:39:12.000    00     71   Wed 12:00:00.000   0   32.0
    24    Wed  4:53:48.000    00     31   Wed  6:00:00.000   0   32.0
    25    Wed  6:39:18.000    00     6A   Wed  8:00:00.000   0   32.0
    26    Wed  8:38:48.000    00     24   Wed 10:00:00.000   0   32.0
    27    Wed  9:09:06.000    00     01   Wed 10:00:00.000   0   32.0
    28    Wed 11:09:12.000    00     36   Wed 12:00:00.000   0   32.0

The URA is coded in 4 bits in the satellite transmission & has been converted
for display into the value represented - given in metres. As you can
see, most quote accuracies of 32 metres with just a select few below this.
Perhaps this is what the GPS50 uses.

John C Sager					Mail:	B67 G18, BT Labs
Email:	jcs@zoo.bt.co.uk				Martlesham Heath
Tel:	+44 473 642623					IPSWICH  IP5 7RE
Fax:	+44 473 637614					England
From: rdewan@casbah.acns.nwu.edu (Rajiv Dewan)
Newsgroups: rec.radio.amateur.misc
Subject: Help with design of 70cm Franklin Array
Date: 9 Oct 92 15:32:52 GMT
Article-I.D.: news.1992Oct9.153252.22725
Organization: Northwestern University, Evanston Illinois.

I am going to build a Franklin Array (collinear 1/2 waves end fed)
for the 70cm band.  

     
                |
                |
                |
                |
                |
                +-----+
                      |  1/4 wave stub
                +-----+
                |
                |
                |
                |
             and so on (about 3 half waves in all, more if it's still rigid) to
             a 1/4 wave feedpoint matching section to 50ohm coax 
             (j-pole style feed)
                |
                | |
                | |
                | |<feed point for minimum swr
                +-+
                |
               support and ground for lightning protection
    
I am planning to build this out of 1/2" (abt 2% of the wl) cu pipe. 
I have a couple of questions:

Q:  Should I make a correction to the length of elements 
     calculated from 492'/FMHz to account for the thick conductors? 

Q:  How should the length of the 1/4 wave phasing stubs be measured? 
       Some options:  a) from center of the vertical 1/2 wave sections
                      to the center of the vertical part of the stub
                      b) length of the horizontal piece (including length
                         of horizontal parts of any elbows)
 
My guesses are to:
  (1) Use the chart in the arrl antenna book for lengths of dipoles for
      different wire thicknesses to correct the lenght of stubs and 1/2
      wave elements and
  (2) Measure the length as in option (a) above.  The logic being that 
       the inner surface will be inductive and the outer rf paths will 
       be capacitative and in the balance, center to center should be ok.


What do you think??

Now that I think of it, I could also finesse the problem by figuring
out the lengths by experimentation.  I could put the 1/4 wave section in
line with the center conductor of a feed line to an antenna and null
the reception of a signal by varying the length of the stub.  The deepest
null would provide the correct length.

This has gotten longer than I anticipated. :)

I await your thoughts.

Sincerely,

Rajiv
aa9ch
r-dewan@nwu.edu
From: CCALLEWA@cmsa.gmr.com
Newsgroups: rec.radio.amateur.misc
Subject: HTX-100 mods?
Date: 8 Oct 92 16:56:09 GMT
Organization: GM Research Labs


       Looking for any HTX-100 mods. I've checked archives to no avail
       or have not found the right archive.

       Please E-mail any responses.

       Thanks in advance!  73'  Clyde WD8ITV SK



Newsgroups: rec.radio.amateur.misc
From: rich@theophilus.msfc.nasa.gov (Rich Krum)
Subject: Re: W5YI report..
Reply-To: rich@theophilus.msfc.nasa.gov
Organization: Boeing Computer Support Services
Date: Wed, 14 Oct 1992 21:05:18 GMT

As one of those "no-code tech" wanna-bees--

As I recall my prior foray into Ham Radio, the code was the big boggle.

The technical stuff and the operating rules were most reasonable.  I also
CLEARLY remember that the reason I gave up on CB (gasp) was the general
lawlessness and idiocy on those bands.  I agree that 5 wpm or so code should
remain in the licence, as well as the technical knowledge, just to keep
out many of the "idiots".  I don't doubt that I am hearing the  <click>
of many, many, old Pharts lighting up their flamethrowers.  I do note, 
however, that the new blood in the hobby is what's needed, not this silly
stagnation that is going on now.  

I have spent the last few months with a cheap Radio Shack DX-390 sorta
SWL receiver up on the HF ham bands, and all too often it sounds simply
boring.  Packet, VHF, and UHF is where the technical challenge is.  CW should
rightfully remain a permitted operating mode, but I fail to see where 20 WPM
necessarily makes me a better person--hell, I cant even type that fast--the
technical skill, self-policing, and other features of Ham radio is what attracts
me.  I'm just not into using morse, unless I can do it with a computer--my
head just doesn't work that way.

Regardless of the results of this proposal, I a still working on 5 WPM code,
but I seriously doubt that you'll find me on HF much.  I am also working with
a Scout Troop here in Huntsville--I'll be there right alongside the kids
learning code and teaching technical stuff.  It won't panic me a bit if they
can do faster code than I can.

Let's kill the sill S#$t that runs about in the world, and get to the techie
stuff--if the 80m Ol' Pharts want to camp there forever, its fine by me--
I plan to have fun (legally and within the rules) elsewhere.

I do suggest that the technical stuff not be diluted though--If someone is going to
work the "advanced" bands, they better know their stuff.

BTW, I am a Computer Science type with a EE degree in my past, with more
knowledge of old equipment and tube-type stuff than I admit to in public.  I
am not going to claim that new is necessarily better, but I will instantly discard
something that is old for something better.  (Anyone got any model 35 TTY's
they need fixed?  ;>).

--rich
 
---
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
"My opinions are my own, and my employer (Boeing Computer Support Services)
 denies any responsibility for me, all opinions in general, and anything 
 I may say, do, or be otherwise associated with outside of work for them.
 -- Use at your own risk, your mileage may vary, no news is good news."

 E-MAIL REPLY TO:  rich@troll1.msfc.nasa.gov     PLEASE KEEP IT "G" RATED
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
From: Jay.Townsend@f3.n346.z1.fidonet.org (Jay Townsend)
Newsgroups: rec.radio.amateur.misc
Subject: PCRTTY or other RTTY Software
Date: 7 Oct 92 05:05:08 GMT

You might try W9CD for his program MARTTY which is a winner.  Its freeware and
I have it.  Originally made for Marty Lane's RTTY Dxpedition.

Works for PCi-3000 and generic TU's.

Jay Ws7i



 * Origin: Radio Therapy BBS (1:346/3)
From: jseboldt@pnet51.orb.mn.org (John Seboldt)
Newsgroups: rec.radio.amateur.misc
Subject: Re: battery capacity checker
Date: 12 Oct 92 05:25:01 GMT
Organization: People-Net [pnet51], Minneapolis, MN.

kludge@grissom.larc.nasa.gov (Scott Dorsey) writes:
>In article <1992Oct11.224014.14208@galileo.cc.rochester.edu> bstp_ltd@uhura.cc.rochester.edu (Ace of Space) writes:
>>I recently saw an article that mentioned a test for battery capacity.  Is
>>there an easy way to check battery capacity?  If anyone knows a way or has 
>>any information on this please let me know.
>
>Checking specific gravity is probably the easiest if you have lead-acid cells
>or open nicads.  Otherwise the test is to discharge them and plot the curve.
>--scott


Do you test the battery on concrete, or on a little red wagon?

:John Seboldt...Mpls, MN...As a ham, K0JD...as a human...well,...   :
:UUCP:{crash, tcnet, petrus, quest}!orbit!pnet51!jseboldt __________:
:ARPA:crash!orbit!pnet51!jseboldt@nosc.mil |          -<:o)         :
:INET:jseboldt@pnet51.orb.mn.org           |   ESCHEW OBFUSCATION   :
Newsgroups: rec.radio.amateur.misc
From: lwwald@lims01.lerc.nasa.gov (LARRY WALD)
Subject: Thanks on HF rig comments.
News-Software: VAX/VMS VNEWS 1.41    
Organization: NASA Lewis Research Center
Distribution: usa
Date: 13 Oct 1992 11:33 EST  


Some time back I asked folks on the net to provide me with comments on
the ICOM 735, the 751A, and the Kenwood 440.  I thank everyone that 
responded to my query.  I decided to purchase a used 751A, with the 
internal PS.  I am very pleased with the rig and its performance.

73, Larry, KE8GW, ARRL LM
From: re_sims@vax.muskingum.edu
Newsgroups: rec.radio.amateur.misc
Subject: DJ-580t best price and where??????
Date: 13 Oct 92 00:17:12 GMT
Organization: Muskingum College


Hi, can anyone tell me the 
best price on an alinco dj-580t
and the place to get it.

thanks

Jim N4JDP
From: chuck@npdiss1.StPaul.NCR.COM (Charles Rissmeyer)
Newsgroups: rec.radio.amateur.misc
Subject: MODs Database IP Address?
Date: 13 Oct 92 15:16:46 GMT
Reply-To: chuck@npdiss1.StPaul.NCR.COM (Charles Rissmeyer)
Organization: StPaul


Is there a MODs database accessible from the Internet?  If so, what's the adx?
I have the phone number and packet mail instructions to Coy-net, so I'm
looking for a different one than that.

Thanks

Charles (Chuck) Rissmeyer    KE0VG
(612) 638-7669  (VP 652-7669) -  charles.rissmeyer@StPaul.NCR.COM
NCR - An AT&T Company             NCR  CCS-PM&S NPD St. Paul
From: bob@kc2wz.bubble.org (Bob Billson)
Newsgroups: rec.radio.amateur.misc
Subject: Re: Hamfest - Southeastern NY
Summary: have time machine...will travel
Date: 10 Oct 92 17:49:05 GMT
Distribution: na
Organization: Color Computer 3: Tandy's 'game' machine

codella@codella.watson.ibm.com (Chris Codella) says:
>(Posted for someone else.  Please do not send queries to this ID.)
> 
>
>          !!!!!!!!!!!!!!   H A M F E S T !   !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
> 
>The Mt. Beacon Amateur Radio Club is sponsoring it's annual Winter Hamfest
> 
>  WHEN: Sunday, March 22, 1992.  Doors open for general admission
                           ^^^^

Darn, my time machine is out of commission right now. :-)
-- 
  Bob Billson, KC2WZ                          | internet: bob@kc2wz.bubble.org
  $nail:  21 Bates Way,  Westfield, NJ 07090  | uucp:     ...!uunet!kc2wz!bob

  "Professional ear piercing--while you wait!"  --sign in local jewelry store
Newsgroups: rec.radio.amateur.misc
From: m14494@mwvm.mitre.org (Mike White)
Subject: Re: Filtering traffic is *NOT* censorship!
Organization: The MITRE Corporation
Distribution: na
Date: Fri, 16 Oct 1992 19:23:45 GMT

In article <1bmc7bINNdb@uwm.edu> rick@ee.uwm.edu writes:
> Filtering net-traffic doesn't forbid them any expression, rather it 
simply
> selects which material the station-owner is willing to foot the bill for!

My understanding of the original post was that the poster was
going to implement means of preventing the person in 
question from posting to the net.  Any individual has the
right to ignore posts he/she dislikes, and certainly to
not repeat them.  He/she does *not* have the right to
prevent others from making the same free choices.

************************
* These are my opinions only.*
************************