HDTenEightyP/NetNews huggingface dataset:
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.stat-l
Date:         Wed, 9 Sep 1992 12:03:54 CET
From:         Joop Hox <A716HOX@HASARA11.BITNET>
Subject:      likert scales

Let me add that in Likert's original article he gave a rationale why his
scaling method should work. Briefly, you assume that each item 'covers' a
different part of a latent continuum, and that the distribution of scores
on this continuum is normal. From the observed distributions for the items
you work out which part of the latent continuum (which is defined as a Z-score)
is covered, and from that you work out the scale values for the answer
categories of each item. This is a nonlinear (monotone) transformation of the
original category scores, and the transformed item scores are considere to
form an interval scale. Next, all item scores are summated to a total score.

Since this weighted summated score in practice
correlates higher than 0.95 with the simple summated score, everybody now
uses the simple summated score. Still, there is a psychometric theory behind
all this which resembles the Thurstone scale. One obvious assumption is that
all items measure one single underlying factor. Since the reliability
coefficient alpha measures the common factor saturation some reliability
analysis is often used in connection with Likert scales. If you do not scale
the item scores, you cannot assume they are interval scores, and the sum score
can be considered an interval score only by virtue of its close approximation
of the more complex original Likert score.

BTW, as summated score is a sufficient statistic for all the information in
the item scores only if the Rasch model holds. Since I have never seen real
data that totally support the Rasch model, I mention this only as a curious
fact.


Joop Hox
University of Amsterdam

(^_^)
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Date:         Sat, 12 Sep 1992 19:58:23 CET
From:         Joop Hox <A716HOX@HASARA11.BITNET>
Subject:      Isaac Asimov on meta-analysis

" I have got the works of all the old masters. I weigh them against
each other - balance the disagreements - analyze the conflicting statements -
decide which is probably correct - and come to a conclusion. That is the
scientific method. At least as I see it"


Amateur scientist Lord Dorwin
in Asimov's Foundation.
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Newsgroups: bit.listserv.stat-l
Date:         Wed, 9 Sep 1992 19:46:08 -0400
From:         Ronaldo Klein <rklein%fmgmt.mgmt.utoronto.ca@SDSC.BITNET>
Subject:      Subscription

SUBSCRIBE Ronaldo Klein
Xref: sparky bit.listserv.stat-l:1505 sci.math.stat:1818
From: mzf@castle.ed.ac.uk (M Firat)
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.stat-l,sci.math.stat
Subject: STATISTICAL CONSULTANCY
Date: 7 Sep 92 16:54:02 GMT
Organization: Edinburgh University

Hi there,

I am involved in teaching and providing a statistical consultancy service
at the Biometry Section of the Department of Animal Science, Faculty of
Agriculture, University of Cukurova in Turkey. Our University has one of
Turkey's largest Faculties of Agriculture. However, there are only four
statisticians specializing in Biometry, consisting of a Professor, an
Associated Professor, a Doctor and myself.

Our main objectives are to provide a statistical/computing consultancy 
and teaching service, but these have been a great problem as our 
Biometry Section has such a limited number of statisticians. Our clients
are faculty graduate students working on research dissertations and 
other technical staff. Our teaching programme covers all students 
attending courses at the various departments of the Faculty of 
Agriculture. However, as there are no specialized staff in computing, 
these statisticians are required to provide a computing advisory service
as well as a teaching and statistical consultancy. 

When offering a statistical/computing consultancy and teaching service
to a large faculty, it is of course necessary to have experienced
statisticians. This could be possible if our existing statisticians were
to be trained with the help and collaboration of the universities which
have been carrying out teaching and consultancy in statistics and
computing. In future, as the University expands several graduate may be
required to attend MSc or PhD courses in Biometry at overseas
universities that we are in collaboration with.

We would be grateful if you could provide us with any information
relating to conducting a consultancy service (statistical/computing) and
also to organizing a teaching course for Agriculture students and MSc
and PhD students in Biometry. We would also be grateful for any
documentation including articles and video tapes (preferably Beta
system) etc. and the names and addresses of universities which provide a
consultancy and teaching service in statistics and computing. 

We look forward to hearing from you in due course.

For and on behalf of
Cukurova University

Mehmet Firat

University of Edinburgh
Dept. of Math. & Stats.
JCMB, 4617
King's Buildings
Edinburgh EH9 3JZ
UK

email: mzf@uk.ac.ed.castle
tel: (031) 650 8575
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Newsgroups: bit.listserv.stat-l
Date:         Tue, 8 Sep 1992 13:20:24 EST
Reply-To:     "Davis A. Foulger (914) 945-2077 (t. 862-2077)" <Foulger@WATSON>
From:         FOLGER@WATSON.BITNET
Subject:      Re: continuous likert scales

I must agree with Frank Dane that hardly anybody ever uses "Likert Scaling"
correctly anymore.  What was depicted in the graphical scale query by
MGRANAAS@CHARLIE.USD.EDU was actually more of an agree/disagree semantic
differential.  The graphical scale certainly was arguable continuous, but
was certainly not ratio (no zero point).  The only question of advantage,
then, would appear to be one of reducing measurement error by providing a
more open scale.

On the basis of the research I've seen to date, I would question whether a
graphical scale will actually make much of a difference to anybodys results.
The seven plus or minus two rule of scaling didn't just happen.  It
reflects (and continues to do well in the face of continuing) research that
has shown that there are limits to the extent to which people can reasonably
differentiate constructs.  The latest run of such research has surrounded
so-called ratio scaling methods in which people are given a baseline and
asked to make a comparison (e.g.  if black and white are 100 units
different, how different are Clinton and Bush), and the results are
fascinating.  It turns out, for instance, that people estimate true ratio
measurements with about logarithmic accuracy (e.g.  the bigger the measure,
the bigger the error; such that plotting the two against each other on
log-log paper results in a linear relationship).  My point ... people make
measurement errors and the scale of those errors appears to expand as a
function of the openness of the scale.  Making the scale wide open using a
graphical scale simply expands the scale of the errors that will be made.

Given this expansion of error with scale, the question to be asked, I think,
is one of cost ...  cost to the participant in time spent answering
questions ...  cost to the researcher in time spent preparing,
administering, and scoring the questionaires.  It is unclear to me that the
additional costs ...  especially in terms of inconvenience to the subject
...  come close to covering the fairly modest gains on error that expanded
scales (graphical, 100 point, or whatever) MIGHT provide.

Davis
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.stat-l
From: sjones@alfred.carleton.ca (Stan Jones)
Subject: Re: likert scales
Organization: Carleton University
Date: Wed, 9 Sep 1992 13:18:53 GMT

In <STAT-L%92090907195568@VM1.MCGILL.CA> A716HOX@HASARA11.BITNET (Joop Hox) writes:

>uses the simple summated score. Still, there is a psychometric theory behind
>all this which resembles the Thurstone scale. One obvious assumption is that
>all items measure one single underlying factor. Since the reliability
>coefficient alpha measures the common factor saturation some reliability
>analysis is often used in connection with Likert scales. If you do not scale
>the item scores, you cannot assume they are interval scores, and the sum score
>can be considered an interval score only by virtue of its close approximation
>of the more complex original Likert score.

From a data theory perspective (Coombs, Young) there is little
difference between the Likert scales and equal-appearing-interval
(Thurstone) scales except the former focuses on subjects and the
latter on items (but both necesarily scale both items and subjects).


>BTW, as summated score is a sufficient statistic for all the information in
>the item scores only if the Rasch model holds. Since I have never seen real
>data that totally support the Rasch model, I mention this only as a curious
>fact.

Likert scales are 'good' for getting a score for each subject - they
are terrible for determining whether they are a good fit to the data.
hence something (such as Rasch, though there are other ways as well)
are necessary.  It is also important, of course, to justify that the
interpretation of the scale (its latent equivalent) is interval,
ordibal, or what.
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Newsgroups: bit.listserv.stat-l
Date:         Thu, 10 Sep 1992 17:45:07 HST
From:         Ian Reid <IREID@UHUNIX.BITNET>
Subject:      Re: Primer on Chaos Theory

Thanks!  I needed that!
Xref: sparky bit.listserv.stat-l:1502 sci.math.stat:1815
From: maj@waikato.ac.nz
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.stat-l,sci.math.stat
Subject: Nonlinear Mixed Models
Date: 7 Sep 92 14:26:12 +1200
Organization: University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand


Does anyone have references to nonlinear models
with random effects?

ie , what would be classed as a mixed model if
only it were linear?

-- 
Murray A. Jorgensen [ maj@waikato.ac.nz ]    University of Waikato
Department of Mathematics and Statistics     Hamilton, New Zealand      
__________________________________________________________________
'Tis the song of the Jubjub! the proof is complete,
if only I've stated it thrice.'
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Newsgroups: bit.listserv.stat-l
Date:         Wed, 9 Sep 1992 10:16:54 -0500
From:         MGRANAAS@CHARLIE.USD.EDU
Subject:      continuous likert scale items--summary

I want to thank members of the list for responding to my question of
yesterday regarding continuous scoring of likert scale items by way of
visual analog.  Since the practice of questions askers on this list seems
to be to summarize responses for the list, I thought I should take a
shot at it.  Unfortunatly I lack the expertise needed to cut and paste from
other folks email, so I will just have to type my summary.

Several people provided references and/or reports of personal experience.
For the most part there was a consensus that what I suggested could indeed,
and has been done.  However, most (all?) with opinions on the matter
said that it was simply not worth the effort.  One individual provided me
with a summary from Feldt, L. (1958) _Psychometrika_ (table attached to
reprint, not in original article) which indicated that most of the variance
of scores in a continuously scored item was contained in the scores from
a discretely scored item.  (Of course I am very quick to delete my email
once I read it, so I can't give the sender's name or the exact percentages
of variance that he quoted for me.)

Again, my thanks to all who responded.

mike

mgranaas@charlie.usd.edu
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Organization: Universitaet Dortmund, Bibliothek
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Newsgroups: bit.listserv.cdromlan
Date:         Mon, 7 Sep 1992 16:02:11 CET
              <CDROMLAN@IDBSU.BITNET>
From:         Michael Schaarwaechter <MISC@ZB.UB.UNI-DORTMUND.DE>
Subject:      Novell CD-NET ODI problems

Hello there!

We have several problems using ODI drivers with Meridian Data CD_NET.

If anyone can help me.......

First our Workstation (AST and Tandon) configuration:

DOS 5.0,
HIMEM, EMM386, SMARTDRV.EXE all newest versions shipped with
Windows 3.1.
LSL,    Ver 1.21,   7662 Bytes, 10.3.92
(special card driver, different network cards)
IPXODI, Ver. 1.2,  20903 Bytes, 10.3.92
NETX,   Ver. 3.26, 52443 Bytes, 10.3.92

Older EMM386, SMARTDRV.SYS, IPXODI, NETX show the same problems.

NET.CFG is available and loaded.

We have two fileservers running Novell 3.11.

Following the problem(s):

1.) The keyboardrate resets to boot-default when a SEND msg arrives
With this NETXversion the beep while SENDs arrive occurs TWO times (one
high, one low).

2.) Sometimes (not repeatable) the DOS DIR command fails until the next
boot. This happens only on Networkdrives. All other commands are ok,
programs will be executed normally. On local floppydrives sometimes the
first access fails, the second try works.

3.) Clipperapplications return sometimes "Not enough memory" (with about
600 kB free). SET CLIPPER=E000 has no effect.

4.) Some workstations doesn't show the second problem but boot from
time to time (aargh!).

5.) In out network integrated are three CD-servers running Meridian Data
CD-NET Ver. 4.3 / 4.2 (IPX peer to peer). The drivers can be loaded and
unloaded on stations running IPX (linked) and NETX. On stations running ODI
drivers the first try works, loading the drivers a second time will hang
the PC when trying to run MSCDEX.
The Drivers are:
NWDRIVER (Meridian Data IPX Driver for connection to CD-servers)
LOAD_EX (Meridian Data), which starts MSCDEX removable.

All this appears ONLY on workstations with ODI drivers. The same
workstations worked fine with "normal" IPX before.
Why ODI?
First: To use our new IP-Router
Second: To use Windows 3.1 without new-linking the IPX.

I would be *VERY* grateful, if anyone can help me.....



----------------------------------------------------------------------
Michael Schaarwaechter           |Phone    +49 231 755 4050 or 4207
Universitaet Dortmund, Bibliothek|FAX      +49 231 727 5021 or 756 902
Vogelpothsweg 76                 |Bitnet   UBIX03@DDOHRZ11.BITNET
D - 4600 Dortmund 50, Germany    |Internet MISC@ZB.UB.UNI-DORTMUND.DE
----------------------------------------------------------------------
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Newsgroups: bit.listserv.cdromlan
Date:         Tue, 15 Sep 1992 08:45:25 EDT
              <CDROMLAN@IDBSU.BITNET>
From:         bataylor@UALR.EDU
Subject:      RE: CD-ROM drives for Infoserver

To:     Multiple recipients of list CDROMLAN <CDROMLAN@IDBSU.BITNET>
Subj:   CD-ROM drives for Infoserver

From: slang@WAIKATO.AC.NZ
Comments: Warning -- original Sender: tag was NETNEWS@AUVM.AMERICAN.EDU

<I am trying to find out what other types of CD-ROM drives other people have
<successfully been able to get to work with DEC Infoserver?

<My inclination is that a SCSI Sony drive should be a good bet, as the DEC drive
<(RRD42) is based on that mechanism, but I haven't been able to get hold of one
<to try out.

<The Chinon ones I have tried didn't seem to work. Any one elses experience
<would
<be greately appreciated.
             *************
             I've used all Toshibia CD-ROM drive models, the panasonic
DRM600 (without juke-box adapter), and all Sony brands. NOTE: The Infoserver
(DEC) does not yet support disc changers.  The key is to find drives that
follow true SCSI standards.  "Off-brand" models often claim SCSI compatiblity
but are not.  This most often seen with models that were engineered prior to
the formal standardization of the SCSI II standard.  Chinion, perhaps,
failed to make changeso their equipment after the introduction of the SCSI
II standard.

BATAYLOR@UALR.EDU

<Cheers
--
<          Drink is the curse           Steve Lang
<       of the working class man        Systems Programmer Analyst
<       Work is the curse of the        University of Waikato
<          Drinking class man           Hamilton
<                                       NEW ZEALAND
<                                       <slang@waikato.ac.nz>
<                                       Ph      +64-7-856 2889 Ext 8341
<                                       Fax     +64-7-838 4066
<
<I am not responsible for my employers opinion (thank heavens,) and neither are
<they for mine.
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Date:         Fri, 11 Sep 1992 09:27:10 -0400
              <CDROMLAN@IDBSU.BITNET>
From:         CHARPER@COLGATEU.BITNET
Subject:      Re: Hitachi 1502S driver

I can supply you with a copy of hitachi.sys and hitachia.sys - I think
hitachia.sys is for use with PS/2's?  Are you on Bitnet?  If so, I can sned a
file using send/file. Otherwise, let me know what size disk you want and I'll
send it via mail.  (Warning - I'll be out of theoffice next week, so if you
don't get the info to me by today, I won't be able to do it.)  I'll need you r
mail address, too.
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.cdromlan
Via: uk.ac.aston; Wed, 9 Sep 1992 10:49:37 +0100
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.cdromlan
Date:         Wed, 9 Sep 1992 10:48:13 +0000
              <CDROMLAN@IDBSU.BITNET>
From:         t.m.a.hooton@ASTON.AC.UK
Subject:      Optinet2.0c NB problems

I am running Optinet 2.0c (NetBIOS) on a LANmanager 2.1 network (NETBEUI
protocol) and there is a problem somewhere which causes the server and/or
workstation to loose contact with the CDROM drives or network.

Server is an Apricot386sx with 2Mb RAM, (1Mb Optinet XMS/NS cache)
Workstations are Apricot LANstation (386/20, 3-5MbRAM)

The problems started first when I upgraded from Optinet1.2 to 1.3, and seem
worse than ever now that I have upgraded to Optinet2.0. (I hoped that it
would improve!)

I am also using Windows3.1 and WONET which gives one of the following error
messages depending on which end has crashed:

1.      Couldn't find called server
2.      Name not in name table
3.      failed 113h

Access software (OED2, Robert, Harraps etc.) reports that it can't find the
CDROM drive.

Any ideas or suggestions whould be gratefully received....
Tim Hooton, Computer Officer, Dept. Modern Languages, Aston University,
BIRMINGHAM, B4 7ET      	 	     	       	tel.(021)-359-3611 x4227
T.M.A.Hooton@uk.ac.aston
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Newsgroups: bit.listserv.cdromlan
Date:         Tue, 15 Sep 1992 14:56:22 CDT
              <CDROMLAN@IDBSU.BITNET>
From:         zhengt@UWWVAX.UWW.EDU
Subject:      RE: Utility to reboot workstations

I used TIMEBOOT V1.0 which will let you reboot the system at certain time.
It will reboot anyway at that time regardless keyboard or other device utility.
Call any sharedware company like PC Shareware 800-447-2181.
I could not remember which belletin board I downloaded it. If you need I will
find out.
========================================
Ting Zheng, L&LR                       *
University of Wisconsin-Whitewater     *
(414) 472-5519                         *
ZHENGT@UWWVAX.UWW.EDU                  *
=========================================
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Date:         Tue, 15 Sep 1992 11:47:00 BST
              <CDROMLAN@IDBSU.BITNET>
From:         AMAddyman <AMAddyman@MCS.SALFORD.AC.UK>
Subject:      More info on tools for CD-ROM prodn?

>Particularly in regard to the last three (KAware, Folio, and
>BRS/Search for MS-DOS)
>Particularly in regard to BRS/Search for MS-DOS
I have no experience of BRS/Search, but I have seen several commercial CD-ROM
bibliographic products that use it. I believe that Bookbank does. Also, there
is an HCI CD from Loughborough University which uses it, so someone from that
institution may be able to help you. I don't think it uses hypertext though.

>So far we have only seen a working copy of Folio, but are working on
>arrangements to try other products as well before making our decision. Any
>experiences/anecdotes you can share would be very welcome.
Folio has been used here to create online help for student computer users.
All the Novell online help uses Folio, as do there technical support CDs. So
you could try using the online help of your local Novell system to see what
the product can do. I wasn't involved in creating our own help system, so I
don't know how easy it was to create the links.
Tony Addyman
Univ of Salford
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Date:         Thu, 10 Sep 1992 17:20:22 -0500
              <CDROMLAN@IDBSU.BITNET>
From:         Carol Simpson <csimpson@TENET.EDU>
Subject:      Hitachi 1502S driver

We would like to reinstall a Hitachi 1502S CD-ROM drive when we remove a
non-working Online CDnet.  Unfortunately, we can't find the driver for the
drive.  Can anyone supply a copy?  We did have one originally (the drive
came from Library Corp with a Bibliofile subscription.)

Carol Mann Simpson
csimpson@tenet.edu
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Date:         Tue, 15 Sep 1992 13:08:30 EDT
              <CDROMLAN@IDBSU.BITNET>
From:         Steven Kirby <kirby@ATHENA.CS.UGA.EDU>
Subject:      Utility to reboot workstations

I'm looking for some sort of a utility program that will reboot a LAN
workstation, either after a specified period of keyboard inactivity or
at a preassigned time each day.  Anybody run across one of these things
at an FTP site?  If I can't find one, I'll crank up the old Turbo BASIC
compiler and try to do one myself (yes, I'm Steve and I'm a BASIC
programmer--confession is good for the soul).  I'd like to avoid that if
I can, since I've only got a zillion things cooking right now.  Please
respond to me directly and I'll post a summary.  Thanks!

--Steve

Steven Kirby
University of Georgia
kirby@athena.cs.uga.edu or srkirby@uga.cc.uga.edu
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Newsgroups: bit.listserv.cdromlan
Date:         Sun, 6 Sep 1992 11:08:06 IST
              <CDROMLAN@IDBSU.BITNET>
From:         Ilan Paleiov <R70007@BARILVM.BITNET>
Subject:      Please unsubscribe me!

HI !

  The listserver wont take me out of the list.

  Can someone please help me ?         Thanks,


   Ilan Paleiov      r70007@barilvm.bitnet
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Newsgroups: bit.listserv.cdromlan
Date:         Tue, 15 Sep 1992 21:50:49 +0300
              <CDROMLAN@IDBSU.BITNET>
From:         "Onat Takak" <TAKAK@TRBILUN.BITNET>
Subject: Re: Utility to reboot workstations

>
> I'm looking for some sort of a utility program that will reboot a LAN
> workstation, either after a specified period of keyboard inactivity or
> at a preassigned time each day.  Anybody run across one of these things
> at an FTP site?  If I can't find one, I'll crank up the old Turbo BASIC
> compiler and try to do one myself (yes, I'm Steve and I'm a BASIC
> programmer--confession is good for the soul).  I'd like to avoid that if
> I can, since I've only got a zillion things cooking right now.  Please
> respond to me directly and I'll post a summary.  Thanks!
>
> --Steve
>
> Steven Kirby
> University of Georgia
> kirby@athena.cs.uga.edu or srkirby@uga.cc.uga.edu
>
>

I've just seen this mail. Bot I think it is  not a good practice to reset
workstations  if  no  keyboard  activity.  Because, sometimes print jobs,
calculations or large data outputting programs (network write performance
is slower than that of hard disk) may cause situations whic h you  should
not  reset  computer. I  think  you  should i nstall any of the available
shareware  screen  saver  programs  with  a  password  protection against
unauthorized access, if this is your concern.

Regards,

Kerem ERSOY

takak@trbilun.bitnet
takak@bcc.bilkent.edu.tr
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