Organization: City University of New York/ University Computer Center
Date: Thursday, 16 Apr 1992 18:52:34 EDT
From: <WBWQC@CUNYVM.BITNET>
Newsgroups: soc.culture.latin-america
Subject: Peru info 4/15, 4/16 1992

Greetings/Saludos.
Info from the list Peru@athena:
Info de la lista Peru@athena:
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Date:      Wed, 15 Apr 1992 13:08:14 EDT
From: "Donald J. Pratt" <DONJPRAT%SUVM.BITNET@mitvma.mit.edu>
To: Peru Network <peru@Athena.MIT.EDU>
Subject:   NYT article, 4/15/92
Errors-To: owner-peru@Athena.MIT.EDU

"Peru's Path Still Terror-Filled As Rebels Defy a Crackdown"
New York Times, 15 April 1992; A1, A12.
--------------------------------------------------
By James Brooke

VILLA EL  SALVADOR, Peru, April 14  -- In this dusty,  sprawling shanty-
town built  on coastal sand  dunes 10 miles  south of Lima,  hope soared
last week when President Alberto K.  Fujimori shut  down Peru's Congress
and courts.

Many her  assumed that  by freeing himself  of legislative  and judicial
obstacles, the  President would be able  to rid the nation  of terrorism
quickly.

Then  on Wednesday  night  the  Shining Path  rolled  a  bus laden  with
explosives into Villa's municipal heart, blowing up the police station.
One  police officer  was killed  and  several people  were wounded.  The
attack also  silenced the community  radio station and  severely damaged
the city hall, a library, a school and a bank.

"The bomb  smashed people back  to reality," said a  Canadian missionary
here, referring  to a sharp mood  swing that is widely  forecast for the
rest of Peru.  "People now  realize they are  not in an  easily solvable
situation and that it might get quite worse."

This community of  jerry-built shacks and houses, long  a bellwether for
Lima's  2,000  poor  neighborhoods,   illustrates  the  difficulties  of
stopping  infiltration   by  the   Shining  Path,   the  fastest-growing
revolutionary force in the Americas.

The  problem  encompasses  not  just  the  major  inroads  made  by  the
guerrillas here  but also  the military efforts  used to  confront them.

* Just Passive Observers *

Operating without  knowledge of the  community but armed with  broad new
powers, the  army unit here  seems intent on waging  a counterinsurgency
battle that some residents  feel could  alienate the  populace.  Indeed,
residents have retreated from any  shows of enthusiasm to become passive
observers in  the war between the  state and those seeking  to overthrow
it.

"We  had  just survived  the  bombing  when soldiers  arrived,  pointing
machine at  us," said  Cesar Escusa, the  director of  Villa's community
college.  Unaware that  a  night  school was  next  door  to the  police
station,  the soldiers  briefly  detained 10  students  and teachers  at
gunpoint.

The army  detachment has been  camped here  for two months.  But Villa's
Mayor, Jose  Rodriguez, said on Saturday  that he had yet  to speak with
the commanding officer.  "They throw all  us leftists in the  same bag,"
complained the Mayor,  a democratic socialist who now  heads the Shining
Path local assassination list.

With  its  main thoroughfare  called  Revolution  Avenue, its  founder's
Marxist  credentials, and  a city  seal  depicting a  crossed rifle  and
shovel, the  community long  seemed well vaccinated  against penetration
by  Peru's 12-year-old  Maoist movement.  At  least this  is what  Maria
Elena Moyano, Villa's  33-year-old Deputy Mayor, thought when  she led a
peace march on Feb.  14 against "those who want  to impose themselves by
force and brutality."

* The Slaying of 'Mother Courage' *

The next, day, a Shining Path squad tracked her down  at a barbecue.  As
her 10-year-old son,  Gustavo, watched helplessly, a  guerrilla shot her
in the face.  Another then  lit a  five-pound dynamite charge  under her
body.

The  explosion sent  shock  waves across  the  flat-roofed community  of
320,000 people, and across Peru.

The outspoken  Mrs.  Moyano  had  become  a  national symbol  of  public
resistance to the  Shining Path,  know here  as Sendero  Luminoso.  Last
year, Lima's largest selling newspaper  names her "Personality of 1991,"
and Lima's most  influential new weekly nicknamed  her "Mother Courage."
After her  slaying, Spanish aid  groups announced plans to  nominate her
for Nobel Peace Prize.

But for the residents here foreign  honors were less meaningful than the
Shining  Path fliers  hurled in  bunches at  crowded bus  stops, slipped
under  doors  or distributed  at  markets  last  month by  young  people
wearing kerchiefs  over their faces.  "Long live the just  punishment of
imperialist  agent  M.  E.  Moyano!" the  leaflets  proclaimed,  leaving
readers in no doubt who was behind the attack.

* Intimidation Has an Effect *

In the flier  Mrs.  Moyano,  who was  widely expected  to win  a mayoral
election  in  November,  was  accused of  stealing  foreign  aid  money.
Similar accusations were  made in the cases of many  of the 44 community
leaders killed by the Shining Path in 1991.

The politics of intimidation has  had an effect.  Today,  the leadership
of a  group that represents the  owners of small industries  in Villa is
aligned  with the  Shining Path,  and leaders  of one-third  of the  120
neighborhood block groups have links with the guerrillas.

"The secretary general of my group  tried to resign has post last week,"
said a  school athletic director,  recounting what was happening  in his
own block association while insisting  on anonymity.  "I asked  him why.
He said  that Sendero had visited  him nin times in  recent weeks trying
to get him to join.."

"They're  almost like  the  Evangelicals," the  athletic director  said,
describing the  recruitment efforts of  the Shining Path team.  "They go
down the street, knocking on every  door.  They came to  my house twice.
As soon as  I opened the door  they barged in and said,  "We are Sendero
Luminoso and we need soldiers for the revolution."

* Shining Path Is Defied *

The  slaying  of  Mrs.  Moyano   did  not  immediately  cow  the  entire
community.  Two days after  her death,  thousands of  residents gathered
for a  long, hot funeral march  from Villa's City Hall  to the municipal
cemetery atop a sand dune overlooking  the Pacific Ocean.  From  time to
time  the  crowd of  mourners  chanted,  "Sendero Luminoso,  cowards  as
assassins, the people will repudiate you."

They  were  answered by  guerrilla  supporters,  who reportedly  yelled,
"Shut  up or  you're  next." But  marcher  did not  drop  the chant  and
residents noted that for the first  time in Lima shantytown dwellers had
directly demonstrated against the Shining Path.

Ten days later,  a Shining Path flier, signed by  the "Villa El Salvador
base," responded  to the  incident with  a warning,  "Be aware  that the
party has 1,000 eyes  and 1,000 ears, and all who  have doubts about the
party will receive just and exemplary punishment.

That such  warnings were proving  effective was made  clear dramatically
on  March 8  at  the International  Women's Day  march.  Every year  the
event has drawn thousands of women,  but this year when it was dedicated
to Mrs.  Moyano only 200 turned out.

* Fear Prevents Organization *

City  officials admitted  that this  cloud of  fear prevented  them from
organizing a  protest against the bus  bomb that was set  off here three
days after  President Fujimori  seized emergency powers,  ostensibly  to
combat terrorism more effectively.

Indeed,  Villa's largest  public  demonstration in  the  last month  was
organized by  Shining Path front groups:  a march of 700  people against
the billeting of army troop in a city park.

Residents,   both   those   who   carefully   describe   themselves   as
unsympathetic  to the  guerrillas and  those who  equally carefully  say
nothing of their  allegiances, agree that what fuels  the Shining Path's
revolt,  here   as  in  so  much   of  Peru,  is  a   grinding  poverty.

"Eating in  a soup  kitchen is  becoming a  luxury," said  a middle-aged
mother of five who manages a network  of kitchens that charge 30 cents a
meal. "About 65 percent of Villa's  population eat in soup  kitchens.  A
lot of the rest can't afford it."

Opposed to  any independent  groups, the Shining  Path seeks  to control
soup kitchens and government-financed "Glass of Milk"  programs.  It has
also  threatened American,  Canadian, Italian  and Spanish  aid agencies
here.

"We're not  against Glass of Milk  or popular kitchens," a  Shining Path
sympathizer said  in Lima on Saturday.  "We are against the  leaders who
traffic in food."

* Water for the Rich *

In  a nation  where  500 people  fall  sick with  cholera  every day,  a
drought  has restricted  water service  to Villa.  The water  flows from
faucets just once a  week for only  four hours.  The  rest of  the time,
residents draw  water from home  storage barrels  or buy it  from tanker
trucks.

"Here we get  water once a week,  and our children ar  dehydrated in the
summer,"  said a  Villa mechanic  who  proudly identified  himself as  a
Shining Path party member.  "But in San Isidro and  Miraflores they have
water  all  the time,  and  they  use it  to  water  their flowers,"  he
continued,  referring  to  two   of  Lima's  upper-class  neighborhoods.

Villa's  older  generation  had  been  drawn  to  may  old-left  Marxist
parties,  which  have  for  the  most part  lost  power,  influence  and
definition in the worldwide collapse of Communism.  Their
disintegration and a widely felt  frustration with electoral politics in
general  have   left  younger  residents  without   political  moorings.

* A Negative Experience *

The Canadian missionary, a Roman  Catholic priest, said: "Today, I don't
know any young  people in  political  parties.  All  these young  people
have  grown  up under  democracy,  and  the  whole experience  has  been
negative.  If we don't come up with creative responses  for young people
in this country, we are going to be in big trouble."

=END=
--
Donald J. Pratt
Sociology Department                 Telephone:  (315)443-2346
Syracuse University                  Fax:  (315)443-4597
100 Sims IV                          Bitnet:  donjprat@suvm
Syracuse, NY  13244-1230             Internet:  donjprat@suvm.acs.syr.edu
 DONJPRAT SUVM  4/15/92
Donald J. Pratt     Peru Network         4/15/92 NYT article, 4/15/92
------------------------------------------------------------------------ id

Date: Wed, 15 Apr 92 14:41 EST
From: BECERRA%SSNMR@CCNMR.MIT.EDU
Subject: Noticia atrasada
To: peru@Athena.MIT.EDU

Antes de ser disuelto el Congreso habia aprobado entregar a cada parlamentario
la suma de S/ 1,500 por escolaridad.
Sin comentarios.                       Lino
 BECERRA% CCNMR  4/15/92
BECERRA%SSNMR@CCNMR peru@Athena.MIT.EDU  4/15/92 Noticia atrasada
-----------------------------------------------------------------------

To: peru@Athena.MIT.EDU
From: "Guillermo Guzman-Barron E."  <GG2@instruct.gsb.columbia.edu>
Date:     15 Apr 92 17:57:50 EST
Subject:  Articulo #2 del New York Times 4/15/92

Trancrito desde el New York Times.

Este articulo aparecio el dia Miercoles, Abril 15, 1992
Es uno de 2 articulos que aparecieron hoy acerca del Peru.
Donald Pratt transcribio el otro articulo.

Interesante analisis, demuestra el conocimiento del problema peruano por la
comunidad internacional.

Saludos,
Guillermo Guzman-Barron
Columbia University
New York
..........................................................

PERU AND U.S. : WHAT COURSE TO TAKE ?
by Thomas L. Friedman

Washington, April 14. While America's firm stand in support of the
restoration of democracy in Peru may be laudable, is it practical?
     Does it make sense to tell an impoverished country whose courts are
widely believed to have been corrupted by drug traffickers and whose
capital is under attack from viscious Maoist gueriilas that the only way
out of its problems is to restore the democracy that existed before the
Government crackdown - even tough its democratic institutions were not
working and their removal had the support of 70 percent of the people?
     There is much sympathy, even respect, among Latin American diplomats
for the Bush Administration's immediate demand that the Peruvian President,
Alberto Fujimori, restore his country's banned Congress, courts and
Constitution, which Mr. Fujimori said he suspended in order to reform them
by fiat.  Few doubt that the United States should be seen as standing for
the values of freedom and democracy in the world, and had the
Administration done anything less it would have been denounced by both
Congress and commentators.
     But the Administration's action is also a bit confusing, because
something is missing - something it has never had to provide before : an
explanation of why a restoration of a popular democracy under siege will
not simply lead to a restoration of the impossible status quo.  The
Administration seems to be long on principles for Peru, but short on a
clear-cut strategy that peruvians might adopt to confront their crisis.

A Wider Problem for U.S.
     This is part of a wider problem faced by the Administration as more
and more nations adopt democratic systems.  In the case of Algeria and the
former Soviet republic of Georgia, the question Washington faced was how
to deal with democratically elected authoritarians.  In Peru, the issue is
even more complex: how should the United States deal with a democratically
elected democrat who has popular support for the temporarily using anti-
democratic means to bring order to his country.
     Addressing a meeting of the Organization of American States on Monday,
Secretary of State James A. Baker 3d declared: "All of us recognize that
democracy can be inneficient, all of us recognize that democracy can be
frustrating. But there is no alternative."
     That may be true, but when Peruvian Government is facing a guerrilla
organization that may have compared to the Khmer Roughe of Cambodia, such
arguments, no matter how valid, are not so easy to digest.  That explains
why Mr. Fujimori has received such cupoprt for his actions from the
Peruvian people.  They seem to believe that the restoration of
constitutional democracy may be a necessary condition for re-establishing
order, but not sufficient.

Problems to Be Faced
     There are many problems in Peru and unless they are confronted with a
comprehensive strategy, the country will fail, said Roberta A. Pastor,
Latin American expert at Emory University. "I agree with Baker, you cannot
address the problems of the Shining Path guerrillas, the drugs and the
corruption, unless you have domestic and international legitimacy.  But
simply restoring the democratic status quo ante will not work because it
was not working before."
     The American strategy has stressed why Mr. Fujimori will fail if he
does not restore democracy, but it has not indicated clearly enough how he
could succeed if he does, and what if anything the United States, Japan and
the Organization of American States would do to make sure he succeeds this
time around.
     Privately, Administration officials say Mr. Fujimori should have
called for a national referendum or plesbicite to give him special powers,
or organized a special constitution assembly to push the reforms he wanted.
He clearly has the popular support officials argue, so why not use it in a
constitutional manner that would not have jeorpidez his international aid
and backing ?

Answers From Washington
     Beyond that, when State Department officials are asked what if
anything Washington would be prepared to do so to help insure that a
restoration of democracy in Peru would not lead to a restoration of the
status quo, they answer by pointing to the various aid programs that were
in the works.  The programs, they argue, could help lead Peru out of crisis
if they are combined with democratically approved reforms by Mr. Fujimori.
     Those arguments sound similar to ones used by Administration officials
months ago, when asked why they were not doing more to aid the former
Soviet Union.  They would point to the long list of things they were doing,
even while acknowledging privately that they knew their actions were not
sufficient.  Indeed, American officials dealing with Latin America often
sound these days like their European affairs counterparts, worrying aloud
that neither Congress nor the upper reaches of the Administration are ready
to focus on the tremendous problems of latin America this year.
     "The historic mistake of the United States in Latin America is to be
preocupied elsewhere and to disengage and neglect the hemisphere at a time
of great opportunity, great danger or both," said a senior Administration
latin affairs expert.  "One of the dangers of our current national mood is
that we are going to repeat that mistake."

Sate Dept. Aide in Lima
     When the State Department spokeswoman, margaret D. Tutwiller, was
asked today at a briefing what exactly the Administration would do to make
sure that the restoration of democracy in Peru in Peru does not restore the
staus quo, she began by saying that the Assistant Secretary of Staet for
Inter-American Affairs, Bernard Aronson, was in Lima on the eve of the
suspension of democracy "with an entire interagency team to discuss things
to do to help the Peruvian people in the economic field, and a whole basket
of things."
     His visit, though "was aborted, when this happened," said miss
Tutwiler of Mr. Fujimori's suspension of democracy, "so I sould not
chracterize it as we are saying return to the status quo."
     She added: "We are now in the third year $3.4 million program to help
Peru reform its judicial system.  We have another $5 million budgeted for
judicial and police reform over the next five years and a $500,000 program
which has already trained judges and police officers in Peru. We are
prepared to assis in other ways."
     Saying that the United States is prepared, after the resumption of
democracy, to resume substantial economic and security assistance for Peru,
totaling some $260 million for fiscal 1992, Miss Tutwiler concluded : "We
do not think that the status quo works either; quite the opposite.  Our
quarrel is not over the need for reform in Peru.  It is over the way that
President Fujimori has decided to carry it out.  When Colombia carried out
its far-reaching constitutional reforms, they began with a national
referendum, not by arresting members of parliament, judicial officials and
journalists."
---------------------
US Withdraws Advisers
The Bush administration, continuing to distance itself from the suspension
of democracy in Peru, is withdrawing all 20 United States Army Special
Forces troopers from the country, officials said today.  The Green Berets
have been involved in training Peruvian police officers in operations
against drug traffic.

Guillermo Guzman-Barron
Columbia University
New York
 GG2 instruct  4/15/92
Guillermo Guzman-Ba peru@Athena.MIT.EDU  4/15/92 Articulo #2 del New York Times
--------------------------------------------------------------------------d

Date:         Wed, 15 Apr 92 21:42:54 EST
From: Manuel Glavee <MGLAVE%IRISHVMA.BITNET@mitvma.mit.edu>
Subject:      Cables UPI
To: peru@Athena.MIT.EDU

      Alla van los dos ultimos. Aprovecho para preguntar quien pudiera
hacer una "resenha" de los personajes Montesinos y Luza, actuales aseso-
res de "nuestro" Presidente; ojala la confianza que muchos han deposi-
tado en ellos sea fundada en contra de lo poco que conozco de ambos
"oscuros" individuos. Disfruten los articulos, el primero me parece bas-
tante "objetivo".
=============================================================
Subject: Fujimori unlikely to deliver on promise of better life for Peruvians
Keywords: international, non-usa government, government, civil rights,
        social issues, political personalities, politics
Date: 15 Apr 92 20:34:12 GMT
Location: peru
ACategory: international
Slugword: peru-analysis
Priority: major
Note: (news analysis)

        LIMA, Peru (UPI) -- President Alberto Fujimori has been selling his
``coup'' to the Peruvian people ever since soldiers took to the streets
of Lima and closed Congress and the judiciary on his surprise orders 10
days ago.
        And it seems most people are buying, just as they did when Fujimori
promised ``honesty, technology and work'' during his long-shot campaign
for the presidency in 1990.
        ``El Chinito,'' as he is popularly called, although he is the son of
Japanese and not Chinese immigrants, has been cheered in the streets of
the rundown Peruvian capital and honored in upscale social events.
        All this for a man who jailed opposition politicians after suspending
the constitution and whose government forcibly prevented lawmakers of
the dissolved legislature from meeting at a local lawyers' association
last week.
        Without a trace of irony Tuesday, Fujimori accepted an award from the
National Chamber of Tourism honoring him as the Peruvian who has done
the most to improve the nation's image beyond its borders.
        This, one day after the 34-nation Organization of American States
``deplored'' his suspension of democracy and resolved to send a
delegation to Lima to press him for the restoration of democratic
institutions.
        Many Peruvians, tired of what they say were self-serving politicians
and corrupt judges, see Fujimori's actions as cleansing and have put
their faith in his plans for a new democracy -- or as Fujimori says, ``an
authentic one.''
        But diplomats and analysts say that while the dissolution of the
legislature and firing of allegedly corrupt or partisan judges,
including 13 from the 23-member Supreme Court, may be popular now,
Fujimori faces a host of problems in the future.
        ``He's rather like the man who jumped off the Empire State Building
and was heard to say, 'so far, so good,''' said a Western diplomat who
spoke on the condition he not be identified.
        ``Almost everything (Fujimori) has said rings true, the
parliamentarians have been feathering their own nests, they have been
fiscally irresponsible, the judges have been corrupt,'' said the
diplomat. That did not, however, justify a civilian-military coup, he
added.
        Fujimori has already suffered the U.S. administration's cut off of
millions of dollars of economic aid, the postponement of a $222 million
loan by the International Monetary Fund and the suspension of all
economic and political cooperation by his South American neighbors.
        The OAS may soon consider sanctions if it cannot reach a satisfactory
accord with Fujimori, and Venezuela broke off diplomatic relations with
the Lima government on Wednesday.
        Ironically, it was Fujimori who had re-established some business
confidence in the nation by resuming foreign debt payments and agreeing
to an economic austerity plan, backed by the IMF.
        Fujimori must also try to create a new democracy, as he has promised,
while the dissolved legislature is in revolt and has declared the
presidency vacant.
        Peru's First Vice President, Maximo San Roman, who has broken with
Fujimori, plans to return to Peru this weekend and symbolically take
over the presidency with the backing of Congress. That's about the same
time the OAS delegation could arrive.
        Fujimori also raised expectations among the population that he will
be able to lift the nation out of a severe recession, and fight the
Shining Path rebels and drug traffickers now that he has a free hand to
do so.
        ``He clearly has the support of the people. But this can change
rapidly as it has frequently in Peru,'' said political analyst Fernando
Rospigliosi. He cited voters' strong support for the internationally
known novelist Mario Vargas Llosa during the 1990 presidential campaign
up until the last months, when they switched to Fujimori.
        ``The people are expecting changes very rapidly but that is
impossible in Peru,'' said Rospigliosi. ``All the government's plans in
the short-term will be on hold.''
        Fujimori on Tuesday night said his April 5 actions are irreversible
and has said only his government can lead the nation out of decades of
political and economic crisis.
        Peru is wracked by extreme poverty affecting 13 million of the 22
million people in the nation. A terrorist Maoist insurgency has taken
about 25,000 lives, mostly civilian, since talking up arms in 1980. The
rebels have caused damage equal to the $22 billion foreign debt. Also,
widespread drug trafficking has corrupted the society to its very core.
        Fujimori says he wants to change all that, but analysts said the
Peruvian president, in his alliance with a military that previously
ruled the country from 1968 to 1980, badly miscalculated the negative
reaction his break with democracy would have outside Peru.
        Another Western diplomat, who also asked not to be named, said there
still may be a way out of this crisis for Fujimori, although the
Peruvian president so far shows little inclination to compromise.
        Most analysts say Fujimori is likely to be frustrated, and they worry
about the intentions of his military backers.
        Economic sanctions against the impoverished nation and a break with
foreign creditors could be economically devastating in the long run,
they say, and the fight against the Shining Path and drug traffickers is
unlikely to improve soon.
        Unless there is some kind of negotiated solution -- which most
analysts and diplomats don't think probable now -- this troubled nation
is unlikely to see relief any time soon.
===========================================================
Subject: Peruvian police use tear gas to disperse protest against Fujimori
Keywords: international, non-usa government, government, civil rights,
        social issues, political personalities, politics
Date: Wed, 15 Apr 92 18:06:22 PDT
Location: peru
ACategory: international
Slugword: peru-protest

        LIMA, Peru (UPI) -- Police using tear gas and water cannons Wednesday
dispersed members of the opposition Aprista Party during a protest to
denounce charges the emergency government has levied against party
leader and former president Alan Garcia.
        More than 100 Apristas marched through the upscale commercial
district of Miraflores, burning tires and calling for civil resistance
against President Alberto Fujimori's government, which imposed emergency
rule April 5.
        Traffic came to a standstill and shop owners shut their doors for
fear of violence as the marchers chanted ``popular resistance,''
``Fujimori fascist'' and ``Alan innocent,'' referring to Garcia,
according to witnesses.
        Police dispersed them with tear gas and water cannons, and attacked
some marchers with clubs, local radio reports said.
        Earlier Wednesday, the emergency government said it would prosecute
Garcia, who has been in hiding since the April 5 civilian-military coup,
in connection with the alleged discovery of an arms cache in the
headquarters of his party.
        The official government newspaper El Peruano Wednesday published an
Interior Ministry resolution approving judicial action against Garcia
for ``possession and use of illegal weapons, munitions and other
materials that are for exclusive use by the Armed Forces and National
Police.''
        Garcia, the leading political opponent of Fujimori, avoided house
arrest 10 days ago when soldiers backing the civilian-military coup
detained opposition lawmakers and tanks rumbled through the streets of
Lima.
        The government also said Wednesday that Garcia's interior minister
from 1985 to 1990, Agustin Mantilla, would be prosecuted for alleged
possession of a similar arms cache in his Lima home and for allegedly
defrauding the Police Fund of more than $1 million.
        The arms, including high-powered rifles and explosives, allegedly
were found in the headquarters of the Aprista Party and in Mantilla's
home when soldiers were sent to detain the opposition politicians on
April 5, after the constitution was suspended. Interior Ministry
officials showed the weapons to the media two days later.
        Garcia, secretary general of the Aprista Party, said from hiding
Tuesday that the weapons found in Mantilla's home must have been planted
there by the government. Garcia made the statement before charges were
announced against him and has not yet responded to those charges.
        News reports also have said the government is investigating Mantilla
for allegedly forming an anti-leftist paramilitary group called Comando
Rodrigo Franco named after an Aprista member killed by Maoist Shining
Path rebels in 1987.
        Fujimori, saying an obstructionist legislature and corrupt judiciary
were blocking his plans to lift the nation out of recession and fight
Maoist rebels and drug traffickers, dissolved the Congress and took
control of the government with military backing. He promised a quick
return to democracy.
        But a close Aprista advisor to Garcia, Jorge del Castillo, asked
rhetorically what kind of justice can there be in the country where the
courts are surrounded by soldiers and the accused are not allowed to
make any declarations in their defense.
        Fujimori's actions have been condemned internationally and the
Organization of American States formally ``deplored'' them Monday and
said it would send a delegation to Lima to urge Fujimori to restore
democratic institutions.
 MGLAVE IRISHVMA  4/15/92
Manuel Glavee       peru@Athena.MIT.EDU  4/15/92 Cables UPI
--------------------------------------------------------------------------d

Date: Thu, 16 Apr 92 13:13:35 -0700
From: Brigit Baur <brigit@u.washington.edu>
To: peru@Athena.MIT.EDU
Subject: TRABAJADORAS DOMESTICAS

Saludos a todos...

Como no he sido miembra de su lista, ni estoy inscrita ahorita,
me presento de manera breve: me llamo Brigit, soy "gringa", vivo
en Seattle, estudio geografia social, estudie espanol en Mexico y
creo que eso sera suficiente.

Como se que esta red ha de estar muy ocupado de asuntos mucho mas
importantes que lo que yo pretendo acercar aqui, sere lo mas breve
posible en esta pedida.

Yo estoy haciendo un trabajo para la universidad sobre la urbanizacion,
y en particular el fenomeno de migracion [rural-urbano] de mujeres que
trabajan en Lima y otras ciudades grandes como "domesticas".

Mi pedida es esta: si alguien sepa de algun texto, articulo,
acontecimiento, etc., al respeto {ie.: alguna autobiografia?,
algo de las leyes laborales que se aplican a ellas?  tienen un
sindicato?  se estan disminuyendo de frequencias entre las clases
medianas o altas?}, se lo agradeceria muchisimo qualquier informacion.

mi e-mail direccion es: brigit@u.washington.edu

hasta pronto
 brigit u  4/16/92
Brigit Baur         peru@Athena.MIT.EDU  4/16/92 TRABAJADORAS DOMESTICAS
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Date:    Thu, 16 Apr 92 16:49 EDT
From: <OEF100@PSUVM.PSU.EDU>
Subject: Re: MacNeil-Lehrer
To: valkenie@QAL.Berkeley.Edu
Cc: peru@Athena.MIT.EDU

  The Mac Neil Report presented a panel with:
     - R. Mac Lean, Peruvian ambassador before Washington
     - Tina Rosemberg , author of Children of Cain and fellow at
                    ( i don't remember the think tank)
     - J. Stroffet , ( a "gringo" supposedly with expertise in Peru)
                     that ventured to say that people in Peru are not yet
                     prepared to economic reform
     - Mr Ricardo Letts ( a peruvian deputy (maybe senator), member of
                      one of the ultra left parties (PUM) with a  fat
                     resume of rioting, protesting and yelling )

  It is true, I don't like Mr Letts because he had failed during the years
  in being responsible in his acts or words. He havent condemn Shining Path
  as he and his party should long time ago and has been a long standing
  opponent of whatever policies of the State the last 25 years at least. He
  had played with the idea of "igniting" the "revolution" through caotic
  behavior. (of course,the real face of "revolution" is already with us
  and we are counting until now 24,000 casualties and extreme poverty)

  His declarations yesterday fits perfectly in what Mr Letts has been in
  Peruvian politics: and arson. His mouth doesn t know what true is. He'll put
  partial and always negative observations. What is surprising that he, as
  well as the other "pearl" of Peruvian politics: Mr Javier Diez Canseco,
  (same party, same style), manage to cling into the "imperialist" networks
  and bring a biased approach of what the war, the economy of politics in
  Peru are today.

   I highly recommend get more information about Mr Letts and how
 representative of the people and ideas in Peru are his party and himself.

Oscar Frias
 OEF100 PSUVM  4/16/92
OEF100@PSUVM.PSU.ED valkenie@QAL.Berkel  4/16/92*MacNeil-Lehrer
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To: peru@Athena.MIT.EDU
From: "Guillermo Guzman-Barron E."  <GG2@instruct.gsb.columbia.edu>
Date:     16 Apr 92 16:13:49 EST
Subject:  Venezuela rompe relaciones diplomaticas con el Peru
Reply-To: gg2@instruct.gsb.columbia.edu

"El dia de ayer el Ministro de Relaciones Exteriores de Venezuela, al
regresar de la reunion de la OEA anuncio que Venezuela rompia
relaciones diplomaticas con el Peru, siendo el primer pais que lo
hace."

Saludos,
Guillermo Guzman-Barron
Columbia University
New York
 GG2 instruct  4/16/92
Guillermo Guzman-Ba peru@Athena.MIT.EDU  4/16/92 Venezuela rompe relaciones dip
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Date:         Thu, 16 Apr 92 16:54:38 EST
From: Manuel Glave <MGLAVE%IRISHVMA.BITNET@mitvma.mit.edu>
Subject:      Que bueno es Fuji
To: peru@Athena.MIT.EDU

      Alla va el utlimo cable de UPI.
==============================================================
Subject: Fujimori announces May 1 dialogue on Peru's future
Keywords: international, non-usa government, government,
        political personalities, politics, civil rights, social issues
Date: 16 Apr 92 20:32:07 GMT
Location: peru
ACategory: international
Slugword: peru
Priority: major

        LIMA, Peru (UPI) -- President Alberto Fujimori, calling his suspension
of democracy an ``anti-coup,'' said Thursday he will convene a
``national dialogue for peace and development'' May 1 and outline his
plans for a return to democracy next week.
        The Peruvian president, criticized by the international community for
closing the Congress and judiciary April 5, said all political parties,
business and social groups would be invited to participate in the
dialogue to establish ``a social pact'' for the troubled nation's
future. He made his comments during a news conference with the foreign
press in the presidential palace.
        Fujimori also promised to announce his long-awaited timetable for a
return to democracy next week, after consulting with his cabinet. The
plan would include major changes in the structure of the legislature.
        Peru's return to democracy, he said, should come sooner than the 12
to 18 months previously discussed as viable for a vote on a new
constitution and new congressional elections.
        Fujimori said municipal and regional elections previously scheduled
for Nov. 8 would take place as planned. He did not rule out the
possibility of his wife running in Lima's mayoral race.
        Under no condition, Fujimori said, would he allow the return to the
political situation that prevailed before he suspended the constitution,
an order that he argued was democratic in name only. He claimed his
seizure of power was on behalf of the people and an ``anti-coup.''
        Thursday's announcements came as a delegation from the 34-nation
Organization of American States was scheduled to arrive next week to
pressure Fujimori to restore democracy and to meet with members of the
dissolved legislature. The hemispheric body Monday ``deplored'' the
break with democracy.
        Scheduled to arrive in Lima Monday night were OAS Secretary General
Joao Clemente Baena Soares and Uruguayan Foreign Minister Hector Gros
Espiell.
        Fujimori said he welcomed the OAS representatives and expected their
opinions toward his emergency actions to ``evolve'' once they saw the
deep social and economic crisis the president said forced him to take
the drastic actions.
        ``This is a civil movement, and naturally has the support of the
armed forces,'' he said of his Emergency Government of National
Reconstruction.
        ``If it were a military coup, it would not have the support of the
people,'' he said in reference to the widespread approval his actions
have received from the population.
        Fujimori has said the dissolution of the legislature and closure of
the judiciary were necessary because the two bodies were blocking his
plans to lift the nation out of a deep recession, fight the violent
Shining Path rebel movement and crack down on drug traffickers.
        The president said Thursday Peru's fight against drug trafficking and
terrorism, along with its reinsertion into the international financial
community, would continue despite the emergency.
        According to public opinion polls, more than 70 percent of Peruvians
support Fujimori. They maintain that the legislature was doing nothing
to solve Peru's problems and accuse members of the judiciary of
corruption.
        Fujimori's announcement of the May 1 ``dialogue'' and his coming
chronolgy for restoration of democracy were seen in part as a signal to
the international community that his emergency government was temporary.
It also appeared to be a move to head off more sanctions against the
impoverished nation.
        The United States has cut off $300 million in economic aid, the
International Monetary Fund has postponed a $222 million loan, Venezuela
has broken diplomatic relations and Peru's neighbors have been highly
criticial of Fujimori's coup.
        Fujimori also said Thursday that his government will not interfere
with the arrival in Peru of First Vice President Maximo San Roman, who
has broken with Fujimori.
        Leaders of the dissolved legislature said they will swear in San
Roman as president upon his arrival on Sunday. The Congress, meeting in
secret last week, impeached Fujimori due to his abrogation of the
constitution.
        Meanwhile Thursday, Second Vice President Carlos Garcia, who had been
sworn in as president by the dissolved legislature due to San Roman's
absence from Peru, left the Argentine Embassy in Lima where he had been
given asylum.
        Garcia told local radio that he left to prepare for the arrival of
San Roman, who has been traveling in Washington and Miami.
 MGLAVE IRISHVMA  4/16/92
Manuel Glave        peru@Athena.MIT.EDU  4/16/92 Que bueno es Fuji
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