HDTenEightyP/NetNews huggingface dataset:
From: barnhart@ddsw1.MCS.COM (Mr. Aaron Barnhart)
Subject: IPS:ETHIOPIA: IMF clears 70-million-dollar adjustment loan
Date: Fri, 6 Nov 1992 03:53:59 GMT
Organization: Evanston, Illinois, U.S.A.

Copyright Inter Press Service 1992, all rights reserved.  Permission to re-
print within 7 days of original date only with permission from 'newsdesk'.

Title: ETHIOPIA: IMF clears 70-million-dollar adjustment loan


washington, oct 29 (ips) -- the international monetary fund (imf)
announced thursday it has approved a three-year, 70-million-dollar
loan to support a structural adjustment programme implemented by
the ethiopian government.

it said ethiopia may draw up to 20 million dollars of the loan
in the first year, while the two additional installments will be
disbursed when the government meets mutually agreed economic
performance targets.

it is the first major imf programme for ethiopia since 1982,
according to fund officials, and the first for the new government
headed by president meles zenawi which came to power in may, 1991,
after a long civil war.

the new government has largely succeeded in restoring peace to
ethiopia over the past 18 months, although elections last june
fuelled tensions and some clashes between the ruling front and the
oromo liberation front (olf), which accused the government of
intimidation and fraud.

a senior u.s. official told ips that talks between the
government and the olf over the holding of new elections appear to
be going well.

one of the poorest countries in the world, ethiopia's economy
has been devastated by civil war, recurrent droughts, and what
many have charged was an overbearing central government since the
late 1970s.

average annual economic growth of about 1.5 percent and a
population growth rate of 2.9 percent a year have led to a steady
decline in living standards over that period, while the rate of
inflation has risen to more than 21 percent since the new
government took power.

the transitional government began introducing economic reforms
shortly after taking power. in addition to reducing the military
budget, it eased constraints on imports and exports, devalued the
currency, and freed prices for most goods.

over the next two years, the fund said the government will seek
to further that process designed to make the economy more market-
oriented and more attractive to private investment.

to mitigate the social costs of the adjustment process, the
fund said the government intends to give special assistance to
laid-off public sector workers, provide food and kerosene vouchers
for the poorest urban groups, and start up a pilot public works
programme. (more/ips)

ethiopia: imf clears 70-million-dollar adjustment loan(2-e)

ethiopia: imf (2)

at the same time, the government will put greater emphasis on
projects designed to provide the population with safe water and
sanitation, improve access to primary and secondary education,
offer more family planning services, and stimulate housing and
construction.

the loan will be extended from the fund's structural adjustment
facility (saf) which charges a 0.5 percent interest rate.
(end/ips/jl/yjc/92)
From: dsza@beech.lle.rochester.edu (TONY DESOUZA)
Newsgroups: soc.culture.african
Subject: Greek influence
Summary: Greeks and Ethiopians
Keywords: Information request on Ethiopia
Date: 9 Nov 92 16:38:07 GMT
Organization: University of Rochester - Rochester, New York

I was born in Ethiopia in 1969 an lived there until 1974.  My father is 
Indian and my mother is Greek.  Although I now live in the US, I lived in 
Athens, Greece for a number of years and have concluded that there must be
a substantial Greek influence in Ethiopia.  Could any one fill me in on 
this aspect of Ethiopian culture?

---------- If you rub here and it feels good, you are one sick puppy ----------

Tony DeSouza                                                           \ | /
Winners were once dreamers --------------------------------------------- @ -
University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics                / | \
dsza@elm.lle.rochester.edu
                                  "Ignorance has been good to me"



--

---------- If you rub here and it feels good, you are one sick puppy ----------

Tony DeSouza                                                           \ | /
From: Jim Rosenfield <jnr@igc.apc.org>
Newsgroups: soc.culture.african
Date: 06 Nov 92 17:50 PST
Subject: Re: millions of children die before the
Nf-ID: #R:1992Nov2.141906.5666@news.cs.bra:-265751935:cdp:1471700224:000:797
Nf-From: cdp.UUCP!jnr    Nov  6 17:50:00 1992


hmmmmmm, I see what you mean.  seen in comparison to abortion as
birth control, clipping the pleasure button and sewing up young girls
doesn't seem quite so horrible as it did when i posted my
first outaged note about this unfamiliar practice, a few topics ago.
from my perspective, and for the society where i live, abortion as
well as "assistance in dying" seem to make sense to me.  and the idea
of subjecting children to the surgery as i have heard it
described sounds horrible, incomprehensible.

now i feel kind of foolish, and will go rethink my reaction to the
idea of the custom of circumcision.   i still don't understand
what it is for and why the children should be subjected to pain
or infection, but i apologize for passing judgement or reacting
with disdain.  i hope you accept it.
From: pmmst8+@pitt.edu (Paul M Mweene)
Newsgroups: soc.culture.african
Subject: Re: Is racism "for whites only"? they are after my brother
Date: 6 Nov 92 04:44:07 GMT
Organization: University of Pittsburgh

In article <Bx8Mtx.48L@casper.cs.uct.ac.za> gds@cs.uct.ac.za writes:
>pmmst8+@pitt.edu (Paul M Mweene) writes:
>Oh, so no African state, not even Nigeria, have any military or economic 
>power (and therefore cannot be racist)?  What an indictment of Africa and
>that from an African.
>Riel Smit,  Computer Science                              gds@cs.uct.ac.za


Nigeria does not have any real power. They have a little more money than the 
average African, but they do not have economic or global power in a global
context of the words. There they cannot practise discrimination on scale l
arge enough to include non Africans, and therefor cannot be racist.

Yes they can throw their weight around with their poorer neighbours in West
Africa, BUT Nigeria has no power even in Southern Africa where I come from.

makala
From: pmmst8+@pitt.edu (Paul M Mweene)
Newsgroups: soc.culture.african
Subject: Re: Is this a chip on the shoulder I see before me?
Date: 6 Nov 92 04:48:38 GMT
Organization: University of Pittsburgh

In article <1992Nov5.101254.24255@ufhx1.ufh.ac.za> ccsmcs@ufhx1.ufh.ac.za (Mr MC Stobbs) writes:
>Is Pittsburg a medical hospital? Maybe they have a few rooi dakke with beds
>available.
 Never mind him, he is a boer being a boer.
we know them, but there time has run out.
>
>I'm sure he could fight the cause much better in Africa rather than being
> in capitalistic/racist USA.

Ignorant fool, your kind have been in Africa causing us problems for three
hundred years and more and you start spuoting at your mouth when I go abro
ad for studies.
>
>Mind you, if we don't hear anything from him then we know there must be
>a problem with the overseas link. :-)
>
If I dont reply it is because my computer funds have run out and because
you have no more sense to speak.

>-- 
 MAKALA
From: llk@kepler.unh.edu (Local Genius)
Newsgroups: soc.culture.african
Subject: Mozambique: Ceasefire team in place
Date: 11 Nov 1992 04:23:50 GMT
Organization: Department of Mathematics
NNTP-Posting-Host: kepler.unh.edu

A team of ceasefire observers is now in place in Mozambique...
The team consists of people from UNITA, FRELIMO, the UN and
other international personnel...

One hopes that things won't degenerate here like they did
in Angola...


-- 
lk(with the man in the yellow hat)              /\   /\
                                               /  \_/  \ 
%(%)(%)(%)(%)(%)(%)(%)(%)(%)                  /         \
%      llk@unh.edu         %                 /           \
%    llk@anchor.unh.edu    %             \__              __/ 
%  FAX : (603) 862 - 4096  %           Hamba  Ine,  Adada   Cha! 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 

Newsgroups: soc.culture.african
From: ccfj@hippo.ru.ac.za (F. Jacot Guillarmod)
Subject: Re: Cultural Exclusivity
Organization: Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
Date: Mon, 9 Nov 1992 09:20:02 GMT

In <9290@blue.cis.pitt.edu.UUCP> pmmst8+@pitt.edu (Paul M Mweene) writes:

>RSA spends 5 times on education for you than for a black person. You pay no
>thing for education until matric level where as blacks pay all the way throu
>shcool. 

This is an incorrect statement.  I pay quite heavy school fees (R300-00
per term per child) for my young children to attend government schools.
Where, incidentally, a large proportion of their classmates are not
"white".

>Apartheid though outlawed, continues in practise. White people in S Africa have
>a higher standard of living than many white Americans. They certainly have more
>guns and servants per person.

My family does not have "servants".  We do all our housework ourselves.
And, collectively, we each own 1/6th of an 1850 Lee Enfield Cavalry
Musket that was probably last used by the Zulus against the British in 1870.
As for our standard of living being higher than that of many white
Americans - I wish.

>You go to segregated schools and enjoy all the priviledges in the world. Even
>here on the NET your apartheid is in practise. For more than a year I have ch\
>allenged white South Africans to allow 1 (one) black amn to post on the net 
>to no avail. 

You're obviously not reading soc.culture.african very carefully.  Here's
an extract from a follow up to a posting made in September:

================
Newsgroups: soc.culture.african
Subject: Re: election in Angola
Keywords: Angola's election?

In <1992Sep24.130053.16115@hippo.ru.ac.za> ccff@hippo.ru.ac.za ( Mr M.B.F. Fulani ) writes:

>Could any of you send me information on elections
>in Angola. I am an Azanian and Angola is a neighbouring 
>country but because of its socialist originated ideology
>we are starved off of any news from that country.

The BBC gives reasonably unbiased and comprehensive reports on Africa,
and there have been several in depth discussions on Angola in the last
few weeks.
....
etc
....
===================

>You have produced the lame claim that blacks don't post because they don't want
>to post. This is ridiculous, only those who have something to fear or do not 
>posses the right would not post on the net. And of all the countries on the NET
>South Africa is especially desposed to put Africans in such a position.

It may be worth examining these reasons in some detail.  I've hesitated
to say so in the past, but perhaps there is something to fear in posting
articles that describe ones political position to Usenet.  Who knows who
is reading them and putting together some form of hit list?   It's a
different kettle of fish being "flamed" metaphorically on the net than
literally in the flesh.

-- 
  F.F. Jacot Guillarmod     PO  Box 94     \        |     ccfj@hippo.ru.ac.za
  Computing Centre       Grahamstown 6140   \      /     +27 461 22023 xt 284
  Rhodes University        South Africa      ;___*/   33 18 30 S | 26 31 45 E
From: jhuang@futon.SFSU.EDU (Jason C. Huang)
Newsgroups: soc.culture.african
Subject: (none)
Date: 11 Nov 1992 18:07:34 -0600
Organization: UTexas Mail-to-News Gateway
NNTP-Posting-Host: cs.utexas.edu




lkdhsa
Newsgroups: soc.culture.african
From: varvel@plains.NoDak.edu (Andrew Varvel)
Subject: Separate Development
Date: Sat, 7 Nov 1992 22:48:43 GMT
Organization: North Dakota Higher Education Computing Network


When I see this formula of who shall talk about what, I see a pattern.
Separate Development apparently has its adherents on the net, including a
Pharonic crusader who either hates Nats or is an agent provacateur of the
Nats (or both!).  

If uitlanders (or outsiders or foreigners) shouldn't talk about Africa 
(because it is presumably none of their business), then perhaps they 
shouldn't.  And while we're at it, why should anyone bother interfering with 
the economy of Africa by putting sanctions on South Africa or interfering in 
its "internal" affairs?

It seems to be a double standard to stick one's very big nose into South
Africa's business but to keep one's nose out of the rest of Africa because
that would be "racist".  I thought one should be opposed to apartheid, but
were I to believe some of the more prolific posters here, one shouldn't oppose
it, because that would be interfering in the affairs of Africa.

Just imagine some idiot saying, "There is nothing we can do about Somalia,
because we would be butting into somebody else's business.  Somalis just 
like to kill each other.  It's in their culture.  It is also a tradition 
for Somalis to starve to death."

Yikes.

--Andrew Varvel--

North Dakota Institute for the Study of Xenophobia
From: gds@casper.cs.uct.ac.za (Riel Smit)
Newsgroups: soc.culture.african
Subject: Re: Is racism "for whites only"? they are after my brother
Date: 9 Nov 92 06:46:42 GMT
Article-I.D.: casper.BxFs5v.Ho2
Reply-To: gds@cs.uct.ac.za
Organization: Computer Science Department, University of Cape Town

pmmst8+@pitt.edu (Paul M Mweene) writes:

>Nigeria does not have any real power. They have a little more money than the 
>average African, but they do not have economic or global power in a global
>context of the words. 

And they did not have this, even in the heyday of the oil-market?  I would
further hesitate to claim that South Africa "have economic or global power
in a global context of the words" and yet one finds prime examples of
racists here.

>There they cannot practise discrimination on scale l
>arge enough to include non Africans, and therefor cannot be racist.

Not even non Africans living in or visiting Nigeria?  Suppose they (or any
other African state) would make a law that no white person is allowed to
become a citizen of the country (by the way, no white person can become a
citizen of Malawi).  I presume you would say that is not racist.  Can I
therefore conclude that if Britain would make a similar law: no black man
can become a citizen of Britain) that it would not be racist?
-- 
Riel Smit,  Computer Science                              gds@cs.uct.ac.za
University of Cape Town                      gds%cs.uct.ac.za@rain.psg.com
From: barnhart@ddsw1.MCS.COM (Mr. Aaron Barnhart)
Newsgroups: soc.culture.african
Subject: IPS:ANGOLA: Portuguese president demands that weapons be laid down
Date: 7 Nov 92 03:09:10 GMT
Article-I.D.: ddsw1.BxBsrA.EnE
Organization: Evanston, Illinois, U.S.A.

Copyright Inter Press Service 1992, all rights reserved.  Permission to re-
print within 7 days of original date only with permission from 'newsdesk'.

Title: ANGOLA: Portuguese president demands that weapons be laid down


lisbon, oct 30 (ips) -- portuguese president mario soares pleaded
friday for angolans to ''lay down their arms'' and avert the
restart of the 16 year angolan civil war -- despite reports that
fighting is already underway.

defying international pressure, the rebel union for the total
independence of angola (unita) refuses to accept its defeat in
september's post ceasefire free election and has renewed attacks
on the ruling angolan popular liberation movement (mpla).

according to portuguese radio reports from angola, friday,
unita is carrying out armed operations in various locations in the
country. at least 13 people were killed in shelling of a suburb of
luanda overnight, while three portuguese were reported killed
after a unita attack on fuel depots at luanda airport.

unita leader jonas savimbi has refused to meet with the angolan
president jose eduardo dos santos, despite international requests.

reports received here say unita forces have taken over parts of
the southern biu and benguela provinces, where unita won more
votes in the elections than the mpla. lisbon analysts believe
savimbi hopes to divide the country and establish a capital of a
new state in huambo, now capital of benguela, his home province.

from there savimbi aims to reach the coast and get the supplies
and war material that will enable him to restart the war, suggest
the reports. the 16 year war between the mpla and the right wing
unita left half a million dead.

the unita forces started fresh attacks against the city of
caala, along the benguela railway, thursday. if the campaign is
successful, it will close the siege of huambo, and represent a
significant strategic advance for unita over the mpla.

despite denials from pretoria, sources in the angolan
government reaffirmed friday that ''the south african army already
crossed the border and is in angola as it always was: to help
unita in its plan to divide the country.''

antonio de castro, director of soares da costa, the main
portuguese construction firm in angola told lisbon radio friday
that it has a ship ready to evacuate its staff. ''we do not think
it will be necessary, but we'll take no chances,'' he declared.

the portuguese navy frigate 'vasco da gama' is also nearby to
assist evacuation, though lisbon military sources reiterated
friday that the warship would only move in if ''the situation were
desperate,'' and the operation ''expressly authorised by the
angolan government.'' (end/ips/trd/ip/md/da/mv/rj/92)
From: gilford@vuse.vanderbilt.edu (Gilford T. Hapanyengwi)
Subject: NBC from Africa
Organization: Vanderbilt University CS Dept.
Date: Fri, 13 Nov 1992 16:18:20 GMT

For those of you who might be interested, NBC's morning show, Today(?)
is broadcasting from Africa for the next few weeks(?).  They were in
Harare Zimbabwe today and I believe they will be there for a couple of
more shows.  One of their shows is going to be from the vicinity of
the breath-taking Mosiya-Tunya/The Smoke that Thunders/Victoria Falls
or whatever is your favourite name for this place.  Hopefully this
will bring a more "realistic" view of whatever places they visit.
--
<><><><><><><><>><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><<>><>
Gilford T. Hapanyengwi       |
(615) 322-3552               |
gilford@vuse.vanderbilt.edu  |
hapanyg@vuctrvax.bitnet      |
From: pmmst8+@pitt.edu (Paul M Mweene)
Newsgroups: soc.culture.african
Subject: Re: Ethiopia (Was: Re: Abortion, Euthanesia and the wrongless West.
Date: 6 Nov 92 04:22:33 GMT
Organization: University of Pittsburgh

In article <1dbi93INNn06@pacific.cs.ubc.ca> shaze@cs.ubc.ca (Scott Hazelhurst) writes:
>I wasn't aware of this division of Ethiopia. I would be 
>interested to know more of the history of colonialism in
>Ethiopia.
>Scott
>
>
 I was responding to at least 10 messages and was not exactly accurate. You are
right, "Ethiopia" was never colonised by any one. Rather Italy expropriated its
nothern province, Erithrea, and rendered impossible for reunity subsequently.

The gist really is that Italian colonisation caused the Ethiopian civil war
and contributed to the Somali conflict.


Makala
>
>
>-- 
>---shaze@cs.ubc.ca----------------------------------------------------------
>   Scott Hazelhurst
From: barrett@daisy.ee.und.ac.za (Alan P Barrett)
Newsgroups: soc.culture.african
Subject: Re: Racism
Date: 5 Nov 92 12:49:32 GMT
Article-I.D.: daisy.1dan6sINNdud
Organization: Dept. Elec. Eng., Univ. Natal, Durban, S. Africa
NNTP-Posting-Host: daisy.ee.und.ac.za

In article <9072@blue.cis.pitt.edu.UUCP>,
pmmst8+@pitt.edu (Paul M Mweene) writes:
> Oh yes another bleeding heart from yonder Sid Afrika whose enormous heart
> possesmore love for Africans than Africans love them selves.

I didn't say that.

> You know what? I am inclined to believe him. If these people didn't love
> us so much, they would have killed more than the 1000 children they did
> on june 16 1976. 

What does that have to do with what I said?  If you think that I approve
of what the South African government has done, please cite some evidence
in support of your allegations.

--apb
Alan Barrett, Dept. of Electronic Eng., Univ. of Natal, Durban, South Africa
RFC822: barrett@ee.und.ac.za                    Bang: m2xenix!undeed!barrett
Newsgroups: soc.culture.african
From: Jim Rosenfield <jnr@igc.apc.org>
Newsgroups: soc.culture.african
Date: 11 Nov 92 20:11 PST
Subject: Re: Children's rights
Nf-ID: #R:2818.2AFFFB96@catpe.alt.za:2046920443:cdp:1471700245:000:2106
Nf-From: cdp.UUCP!jnr    Nov 11 20:11:00 1992


I greatly appreciate this beautiful contribution from makala.
I agree that initiation, the associated rituals and the place of
them in human life and society are wonderful issues with which
we can deal, and without some of the rancor which has followed this
discussion around.  But this is not the only issue.

One of the most important reasons why children suffer and die, for
from female circumcision as well as all of the childhood diseases which
have been largely cured in the "north" as well as parts of the "south"
is because the children are hungry.

because they are chronically malnourished they die of diarrhea
and relatively treatable infections from minor wounds like
circumcision lacerations.

perhaps if people had the economic opportunities to provide sufficient
nourishment for their children, the children wouldn't die in such
great numbers.  it is clearly demonstrated that when a society
succeeds in reducing the rate at which its precious babies die
that society sees a concommitant decline in the population growth
rate about one generation after the improvement in infant/child health.

my other issues are that women should not be repressed by the cruel
imposition of mutilation and cultural norms.  i think it comes from
the elders' clear need to tame the sexuality of the exuberant youths.
hopefully ways to do it could be provided without carving up their
genitals or maiming or killing them.  at another level, i feel women 
have been denied the full enjoyment of their inate sexuality to
satisfy someone elses power needs and i think this is wrong.
remember, as inflammatory as this might sound, i realise it is
only my opinion, and my opinion has been challenged and informed here.

lastly, i have the idealistic notion that children should not
suffer to meet the emotional or power needs of parents.  the anger
of parents towards children is darkly document in mythology and
history the world over.  this is a horrible habit that humanity
should wake itself from as soon as we can.  it is a certainty that the
babies willnot be able to speak on their own behalf onthis point.
From: Steve.Hayes@p5.f22.n7101.z5.fidonet.org (Steve Hayes)
Newsgroups: soc.culture.african
Subject: Ethiopia 
Date: Wed, 11 Nov 92 05:29:00 GMT
Organization: FidoNet node 5:7101/22.5 - Novell User Group, Pretoria RSA

On <09 Nov 1992 20:53> kijak@ecs.umass.edu (5:7104/2) said to All :

 kue>As an African from Ethiopia I do not think the cause of our 
 kue>civil wars was the 
 kue>Italian Colonialism. Eventhough it is not the sole factor, 
 kue>British colonialism 
 kue>has done more damage & is closer to the source. I would like to 
 kue>remind you the 
 kue>main factor in our destiny is ourselves. We(Africans in 
 kue>general) should watch 
 kue>for the machinations of the colonizers & the venom they have 
 kue>left. What did we
 kue>do the last 30 years? If we are not wise enough to avoid their 
 kue>traps we should
 kue>not blame them. It is a cruel world, we have to fight to 
 kue>survive. 

Thanks very much for a very interesting posting. 

I recently met Dr Solomon Inquai, who is in South Africa as a consultant to 
the Southern African Institute for Distance Education. He was born in Eritrea, 
and said that he remembered the Italian colonists from his childhood. He said 
that they were not Fascists, and that they did not consider themselves 
superior to the Ethiopians (unlike British coilonists in other parts of 
Africa). He said they were ordinary working class people and got on well with 
the local people. It was only the top government officials who were Fascists. 




--  
INTERNET: Steve.Hayes@p5.f22.n7101.z5.fidonet.org
via:  THE CATALYST BBS in Port Elizabeth, South Africa.
       (catpe.alt.za)   +27-41-34-1122 HST or +27-41-34-2859, V32bis & HST.