H-Huang/complex_word_identification huggingface dataset:
That said, I plan to investigate this question (among others) further [in] the next couple of years.
Target word: investigate — judged complex by 6 of 10 native annotators and 4 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.5)
Target word: plan — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: couple — judged complex by 1 of 10 native annotators and 1 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.1)
Target word: question — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: years — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Wikinews: For your PhD you researched ants' scent-based communications.
Target word: Wikinews — judged complex by 1 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.05)
Target word: PhD — judged complex by 1 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.05)
Target word: researched — judged complex by 2 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.1)
Target word: scent-based — judged complex by 1 of 10 native annotators and 4 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.25)
Target word: ants — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: scent-based communications — judged complex by 4 of 10 native annotators and 2 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.3)
Target word: communications — judged complex by 3 of 10 native annotators and 1 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.2)
Could healthy ants perhaps tell other ants are infected and encourage this behaviour?
Target word: infected — judged complex by 1 of 10 native annotators and 3 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.2)
Target word: healthy — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: ants — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: ants — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: encourage — judged complex by 1 of 10 native annotators and 3 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.2)
Target word: behaviour — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
NB: There's not much known about this.
Target word: NB — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: 's — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
There's conflicting evidence about whether sick ants actually smell different from healthy ones or not.
Target word: conflicting — judged complex by 6 of 10 native annotators and 7 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.65)
Target word: 's — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: conflicting evidence — judged complex by 3 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.15)
Target word: evidence — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 1 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.05)
Target word: actually — judged complex by 1 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.05)
Target word: sick — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: ants — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: smell — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: healthy — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
At the moment it seems that sick ants mostly take care of the problem themselves.
Target word: moment — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: sick — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: ants — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: care — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: problem — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Sick ants stop most interaction with nestmates and especially brood, and leave the nest to die in isolation.
Target word: interaction — judged complex by 4 of 10 native annotators and 2 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.3)
Target word: Sick — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: ants — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: stop — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: nestmates — judged complex by 10 of 10 native annotators and 10 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 1.0)
Target word: nestmates and especially brood — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: brood — judged complex by 2 of 10 native annotators and 5 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.35)
Target word: nest — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 1 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.05)
Target word: leave — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: die in isolation — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: die — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: isolation — judged complex by 10 of 10 native annotators and 7 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.85)
How common are they in the wild?
Target word: common — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: wild — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
NB: For ants, see above about the collection.
Target word: collection — judged complex by 2 of 10 native annotators and 3 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.25)
Target word: NB — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: ants — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
This species of fungus does appear in Finland, but we chose to use a different strain from Denmark (with thanks to Prof. J. Eilenberg and the laboratory technician Louise Lee Munch Larsen from the University of Copenhagen).
Target word: species — judged complex by 5 of 10 native annotators and 5 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.5)
Target word: species of fungus — judged complex by 1 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.05)
Target word: fungus — judged complex by 6 of 10 native annotators and 2 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.4)
Target word: appear — judged complex by 1 of 10 native annotators and 1 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.1)
Target word: different strain — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 1 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.05)
Target word: Finland — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: chose — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: strain — judged complex by 6 of 10 native annotators and 7 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.65)
Target word: laboratory — judged complex by 3 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.15)
Target word: Denmark — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: Eilenberg — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: laboratory technician — judged complex by 1 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.05)
Target word: technician — judged complex by 2 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.1)
Target word: Louise — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: Lee — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: Munch — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: Larsen — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: University — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: Copenhagen — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Animals can adapt to local strains ('local adaptation'), and just to make sure we thought it would be good to use a strain of fungus that the ants definitely did not evolve specific resistances against.
Target word: adapt — judged complex by 5 of 10 native annotators and 2 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.35)
Target word: Animals — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: local strains — judged complex by 1 of 10 native annotators and 1 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.1)
Target word: local — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: strains — judged complex by 3 of 10 native annotators and 4 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.35)
Target word: local adaptation — judged complex by 1 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.05)
Target word: local — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: adaptation — judged complex by 2 of 10 native annotators and 4 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.3)
Target word: strain — judged complex by 2 of 10 native annotators and 2 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.2)
Target word: make — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: thought — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: good — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: strain of fungus — judged complex by 1 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.05)
Target word: fungus — judged complex by 1 of 10 native annotators and 1 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.1)
Target word: definitely — judged complex by 1 of 10 native annotators and 3 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.2)
Target word: ants — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: evolve — judged complex by 3 of 10 native annotators and 5 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.4)
Target word: evolve specific resistances — judged complex by 1 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.05)
Target word: specific — judged complex by 1 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.05)
Target word: specific resistances — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: resistances — judged complex by 9 of 10 native annotators and 5 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.7)
This means that the reaction of the ants (to self-medicate) is very likely to be a general response, and not just against their local fungal enemies.
Target word: reaction — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 1 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.05)
Target word: means — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: to self-medicate — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: ants — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: self-medicate — judged complex by 1 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.05)
Target word: general response — judged complex by 1 of 10 native annotators and 1 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.1)
Target word: general — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: response — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: fungal — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 1 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.05)
Target word: local — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: fungal enemies — judged complex by 1 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.05)
Target word: enemies — judged complex by 2 of 10 native annotators and 1 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.15)
Wikinews: Are there any ethical considerations around exposing ants to toxins and parasites?
Target word: ethical — judged complex by 5 of 10 native annotators and 3 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.4)
Target word: Wikinews — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: Are — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: ethical considerations — judged complex by 2 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.1)
Target word: considerations — judged complex by 1 of 10 native annotators and 1 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.1)
Target word: exposing — judged complex by 2 of 10 native annotators and 2 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.2)
Target word: toxins — judged complex by 7 of 10 native annotators and 6 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.65)
Target word: ants — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: parasites — judged complex by 1 of 10 native annotators and 1 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.1)
He alleges this was done to ensure the inclusion of the low-polling candidates former Hewlett-Packard CEO Carly Fiorina, former New York governor George Pataki, Senator Lindsey Graham, and former Virginia governor Jim Gilmore, because Fox News recognizes these candidates as "major players."
Target word: alleges — judged complex by 7 of 10 native annotators and 8 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.75)
Target word: ensure — judged complex by 2 of 10 native annotators and 3 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.25)
Target word: inclusion — judged complex by 6 of 10 native annotators and 3 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.45)
Target word: inclusion of the low-polling candidates — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: low-polling — judged complex by 3 of 10 native annotators and 1 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.2)
Target word: low-polling candidates — judged complex by 1 of 10 native annotators and 1 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.1)
Target word: candidates — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 1 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.05)
Target word: Hewlett-Packard — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: Carly — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: CEO — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: Fiorina — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: George Pataki — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: New — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: York — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: governor — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: George — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: Lindsey — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: Pataki — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: Senator — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: Graham — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: Gilmore — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: Virginia — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
He alleges this was done to ensure the inclusion of the low-polling candidates former Hewlett-Packard CEO Carly Fiorina, former New York governor George Pataki, Senator Lindsey Graham, and former Virginia governor Jim Gilmore, because Fox News recognizes these candidates as "major players."
Target word: governor — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: Jim — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: recognizes — judged complex by 4 of 10 native annotators and 2 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.3)
Target word: Fox — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: News — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: major players — judged complex by 1 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.05)
Target word: candidates — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: major — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: players — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Furthermore, Everson argues the Fox News criteria are not "objective," as Title 11 requires, because they fail to define the terms "consistently" and "recognized" when referring to polls.
Target word: Furthermore — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 1 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.05)
Target word: argues — judged complex by 2 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.1)
Target word: Everson — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: criteria — judged complex by 4 of 10 native annotators and 1 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.25)
Target word: Fox — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: News — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: objective — judged complex by 2 of 10 native annotators and 2 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.2)
Target word: define — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 1 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.05)
Target word: Title — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: requires — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: fail — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: consistently — judged complex by 7 of 10 native annotators and 6 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.65)
Target word: terms — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: recognized — judged complex by 2 of 10 native annotators and 4 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.3)
Target word: referring — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 1 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.05)
Target word: polls — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)