H-Huang/complex_word_identification huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen peroxide reduced infected ant fatalities by 15%, and the ants varied their intake depending upon how high the peroxide concentration was.
Target word: Hydrogen — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: Hydrogen peroxide — judged complex by 2 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.1)
Target word: infected — judged complex by 2 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.1)
Target word: peroxide — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: reduced — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: fatalities — judged complex by 3 of 10 native annotators and 7 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.5)
Target word: ant — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: varied — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 1 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.05)
Target word: ants — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: varied their intake — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 1 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.05)
Target word: intake — judged complex by 2 of 10 native annotators and 2 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.2)
Target word: depending — judged complex by 1 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.05)
Target word: peroxide — judged complex by 1 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.05)
Target word: high — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: peroxide concentration — judged complex by 1 of 10 native annotators and 1 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.1)
Target word: concentration — judged complex by 7 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.35)
In the wild, Formica fusca can encounter similar chemicals in aphids and dead ants.
Target word: Formica — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 1 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.05)
Target word: wild — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: Formica fusca — judged complex by 5 of 10 native annotators and 2 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.35)
Target word: fusca — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 1 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.05)
Target word: encounter — judged complex by 1 of 10 native annotators and 3 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.2)
Target word: chemicals — judged complex by 2 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.1)
Target word: similar — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: aphids — judged complex by 7 of 10 native annotators and 6 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.65)
Target word: dead — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: ants — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
The Independent reported self-medicating ants a first among insects.
Target word: Independent — judged complex by 1 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.05)
Target word: self-medicating — judged complex by 5 of 10 native annotators and 5 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.5)
Target word: reported — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: ants — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: insects — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Bos obtained his doctorate from the University of Copenhagen.
Target word: Bos — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 1 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.05)
Target word: obtained — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 1 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.05)
Target word: doctorate — judged complex by 10 of 10 native annotators and 2 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.6)
Target word: Copenhagen — judged complex by 1 of 10 native annotators and 1 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.1)
Target word: University — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
He began postdoctoral research at Helsinki in 2012.
Target word: postdoctoral — judged complex by 10 of 10 native annotators and 1 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.55)
Target word: began — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: postdoctoral research — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 3 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.15)
Target word: research — judged complex by 1 of 10 native annotators and 1 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.1)
Target word: Helsinki — judged complex by 2 of 10 native annotators and 1 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.15)
He also runs the AntyScience blog.
Target word: AntyScience — judged complex by 1 of 10 native annotators and 3 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.2)
Target word: runs — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: blog — judged complex by 1 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.05)
The blog aims to help address "a gap between scientists and 'the general public'."
Target word: blog — judged complex by 1 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.05)
Target word: a gap between scientists — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 1 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.05)
Target word: aims — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: address — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: gap — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: scientists — judged complex by 2 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.1)
Target word: general — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: public — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
The name is a pun referencing ants, its primary topic, science, and "non-scientific" jargon-free communication.
Target word: pun — judged complex by 2 of 10 native annotators and 3 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.25)
Target word: pun referencing — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 1 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.05)
Target word: referencing — judged complex by 1 of 10 native annotators and 2 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.15)
Target word: non-scientific — judged complex by 1 of 10 native annotators and 1 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.1)
Target word: ants — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: primary — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: topic — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: science — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: jargon-free — judged complex by 5 of 10 native annotators and 5 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.5)
Target word: jargon-free communication — judged complex by 3 of 10 native annotators and 1 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.2)
Target word: communication — judged complex by 1 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.05)
He now discusses his work with Wikinews.
Target word: discusses — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 1 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.05)
Target word: Wikinews — judged complex by 1 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.05)
Target word: work — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Wikinews: What first attracted you to researching ants?
Target word: attracted — judged complex by 1 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.05)
Target word: Wikinews — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: researching — judged complex by 1 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.05)
Target word: ants — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
The chief is looking into these allegations to see if there were paying passengers.
Target word: chief — judged complex by 1 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.05)
Target word: allegations — judged complex by 10 of 10 native annotators and 10 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 1.0)
Target word: passengers — judged complex by 2 of 10 native annotators and 1 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.15)
Target word: paying — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
An AirAsia jet crashed in the Java Sea last December, killing everyone aboard.
Target word: AirAsia — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: crashed — judged complex by 1 of 10 native annotators and 2 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.15)
Target word: jet — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: aboard — judged complex by 1 of 10 native annotators and 5 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.3)
Target word: Java — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: Sea — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: December — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: killing — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
The cause of this C-130 crash has yet to be determined.
Target word: determined — judged complex by 3 of 10 native annotators and 3 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.3)
Target word: C-130 — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: crash — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Nigerian jet attacks refugee camp, killing dozens A Nigerian Air Force jet fighter mistook refugees for rebels yesterday, Nigerian military said, firing on a camp in Rann, Borno State.
Target word: Nigerian — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: refugee — judged complex by 4 of 10 native annotators and 4 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.4)
Target word: jet — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: attacks — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: refugee camp — judged complex by 1 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.05)
Target word: mistook — judged complex by 4 of 10 native annotators and 5 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.45)
Target word: camp — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: killing — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: dozens — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: Nigerian — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: Air — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: Force — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: jet — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: fighter — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: refugees — judged complex by 2 of 10 native annotators and 2 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.2)
Target word: rebels — judged complex by 3 of 10 native annotators and 2 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.25)
Target word: military — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: yesterday — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: Nigerian — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: firing — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 1 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.05)
Target word: Rann — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: camp — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: Borno State — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Nigerian jet attacks refugee camp, killing dozens A Nigerian Air Force jet fighter mistook refugees for rebels yesterday, Nigerian military said, firing on a camp in Rann, Borno State.
Target word: Borno — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: State — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Dozens of refugees and aid workers died.
Target word: Dozens — judged complex by 1 of 10 native annotators and 1 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.1)
Target word: refugees — judged complex by 4 of 10 native annotators and 2 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.3)
Target word: aid workers — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 1 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.05)
Target word: aid — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: workers — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: died — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
The lowest estimate from Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) is of 50 dead.
Target word: estimate — judged complex by 5 of 10 native annotators and 2 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.35)
Target word: lowest — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: Médecins — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: Médecins Sans Frontières — judged complex by 1 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.05)
Target word: Sans Frontières — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: Sans — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: Frontières — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: MSF — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: dead — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
The BBC estimates at least 52 dead, while one Borno State official is attributed by AP as saying over 100 are dead.
Target word: estimates — judged complex by 1 of 10 native annotators and 1 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.1)
Target word: BBC — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: Borno — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: dead — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: attributed — judged complex by 9 of 10 native annotators and 8 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.85)
Target word: State — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: official — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: AP — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: dead — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
MSF say at least 200 were wounded.
Target word: wounded — judged complex by 1 of 10 native annotators and 5 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.3)
Target word: MSF — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
The Red Cross said at least six of its staff died and twelve more injured.
Target word: injured — judged complex by 3 of 10 native annotators and 3 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.3)
Target word: Red — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: Cross — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: staff — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: died — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
US–Russian relations are also strained.
Target word: relations — judged complex by 1 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.05)
Target word: US — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: Russian — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: strained — judged complex by 5 of 10 native annotators and 9 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.7)
Last month the US expelled 35 Russian diplomats accused of espionage, and sanctioned Russian intelligence agencies.
Target word: expelled — judged complex by 4 of 10 native annotators and 5 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.45)
Target word: Last — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: month — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: US — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: diplomats — judged complex by 5 of 10 native annotators and 2 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.35)
Target word: Russian — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: accused — judged complex by 2 of 10 native annotators and 1 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.15)
Target word: espionage — judged complex by 10 of 10 native annotators and 8 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.9)
Target word: sanctioned — judged complex by 10 of 10 native annotators and 3 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.65)
Target word: intelligence — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: Russian — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: intelligence agencies — judged complex by 1 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.05)
Target word: agencies — judged complex by 1 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.05)
This was in response to a CIA report issued two weeks earlier that concluded the Russian government hacked servers belonging to the U.S. Republican and Democratic parties.
Target word: issued — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 1 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.05)
Target word: response — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: CIA — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: report — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: concluded — judged complex by 3 of 10 native annotators and 2 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.25)
Target word: weeks — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: hacked — judged complex by 1 of 10 native annotators and 5 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.3)
Target word: Russian — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: government — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: hacked servers — judged complex by 1 of 10 native annotators and 1 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.1)
Target word: parties — judged complex by 1 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.05)
Target word: servers — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: belonging — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: Republican — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)
Target word: Democratic — judged complex by 0 of 10 native annotators and 0 of 10 non-native annotators (probability complex: 0.0)