Nuclear Non-proliferation Import and Export Control Regulations — B.2.4
B.2.4 Implosion systems development equipment B.2.4.1 Flash x-ray generators or pulsed electron accelerators with peak energy of 500 keV or greater, as follows, except accelerators that are component parts of devices designed for purposes other than electron beam or x-ray radiation (electron microscopy, for example) and those designed for medical purposes: (a) having an accelerator peak electron energy of 500 keV or greater but less than 25 MeV and with a figure of merit (K) of 0.25 or greater, where K is defined as: K=1.7 x 10 3 V 2.65 Q; where V is the peak electron energy in million electron volts and Q is the total accelerated charge in coulombs if the accelerator beam pulse duration is less than or equal to 1 µs, if the acceleration beam pulse duration is greater than 1 µs, Q is the maximum accelerated charge in 1 µs [Q equals the integral of i with respect to t, over the lesser of 1 µs or the time duration of the beam pulse (Q =ƒidt), where i is beam current in amperes and t is the time in seconds]; or (b) having an accelerator peak electron energy of 25 MeV or greater and a peak power greater than 50 MW. [Peak power = (peak potential in volts) x (peak beam current in amperes).] NOTES 1 Time duration of the beam pulse means, in machines, based on microwave accelerating cavities, the time duration of the beam pulse is the lesser of 1 µs or the duration of the bunched beam packet resulting from one microwave modulator pulse. 2 Peak beam current means, in machines, based on microwave accelerating cavities, the peak beam current is the average current in the time duration of a bunched beam packet. B.2.4.2 High-velocity gun systems (propellant, gas, coil, electromagnetic, and electrothermal types, and other advanced systems) capable of accelerating projectiles to 1.5 km/s or greater. NOTE Paragraph B.2.4.2 does not control guns specially designed for high-velocity weapon systems. B.2.4.3 High-speed cameras and imaging devices, and components for those cameras or devices, as follows: (a) streak cameras, and specially designed components for those cameras, as follows: (1) streak cameras with writing speeds greater than 0.5 mm/µs; (2) electronic streak cameras capable of 50 ns or less time resolution; (3) streak tubes for cameras specified in paragraph (2); (4) plug-ins specially designed for use with streak cameras having modular structures and that enable the performance specifications set out in paragraphs (1) and (2); and (5) synchronizing electronic units, and their rotor assemblies consisting of turbines, mirrors and bearings, specially designed for cameras specified in paragraph (1); (b) framing cameras, and specially designed components for those cameras, as follows: (1) framing cameras with recording rates greater than 225 000 frames per second; (2) framing cameras capable of 50 ns or less frame exposure time; (3) framing tubes and solid-state imaging devices having a fast image gating (shutter) time of 50 ns or less specifically designed for cameras specified in paragraphs (1) and (2); (4) plug-ins specially designed for use with framing cameras having modular structures and that enable the performance specifications set out in paragraphs (1) and (2); and (5) synchronizing electronic units, and their rotor assemblies consisting of turbines, mirrors and bearings, specially designed for cameras specified in paragraphs (1) and (2); and (c) solid-state or electron tube cameras and specially designed components for those cameras, as follows: (1) solid-state cameras or electron tube cameras, with a fast-image gating (shutter) time of 50 ns or less; (2) solid-state imaging devices and image intensifier tubes having a fast-image gating (shutter) time of 50 ns or less specially designed for cameras specified in paragraph (1); (3) electro-optical shutters (Kerr or Pockels cells) with a fast-image gating (shutter) time of 50 ns or less; and (4) plug-ins specially designed for use with cameras having modular structures and that en