GreatNorthCollective/greatnorth-canada-federal-laws-text huggingface dataset:
Criminal Code — C-46 446
Causing damage or injury 446 (1) Every one commits an offence who (a) by wilful neglect causes damage or injury to animals or birds while they are being driven or conveyed; or (b) being the owner or the person having the custody or control of a domestic animal or a bird or an animal or a bird wild by nature that is in captivity, abandons it in distress or wilfully neglects or fails to provide suitable and adequate food, water, shelter and care for it. Punishment (2) Every one who commits an offence under subsection (1) is guilty of (a) an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term of not more than two years; or (b) an offence punishable on summary conviction. Failure to exercise reasonable care as evidence (3) For the purposes of proceedings under paragraph (1)(a), evidence that a person failed to exercise reasonable care or supervision of an animal or a bird thereby causing it damage or injury is, in the absence of any evidence to the contrary, proof that the damage or injury was caused by wilful neglect. R.S., 1985, c. C-46, s. 446; 2008, c. 12, s. 1 2019, c. 25, s. 173
Criminal Code — C-46 447
Arena for animal fighting 447 (1) Everyone commits an offence who builds, makes, maintains or keeps an arena for animal fighting on premises that he or she owns or occupies, or allows such an arena to be built, made, maintained or kept on such premises. Punishment (2) Every one who commits an offence under subsection (1) is guilty of (a) an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term of not more than five years; or (b) an offence punishable on summary conviction and liable to a fine of not more than $10,000 or to imprisonment for a term of not more than two years less a day, or to both. (3) [Repealed, 2019, c. 17, s. 3] R.S., 1985, c. C-46, s. 447; 2008, c. 12, s. 1 2019, c. 17, s. 3 2019, c. 25, s. 174
Criminal Code — C-46 447.1
Order of prohibition or restitution 447.1 (1) The court may, in addition to any other sentence that it may impose under subsection 445(2), 445.1(2), 446(2) or 447(2), (a) make an order prohibiting the accused from owning, having the custody or control of or residing in the same premises as an animal or a bird during any period that the court considers appropriate but, in the case of a second or subsequent offence, for a minimum of five years; and (b) on application of the Attorney General or on its own motion, order that the accused pay to a person or an organization that has taken care of an animal or a bird as a result of the commission of the offence the reasonable costs that the person or organization incurred in respect of the animal or bird, if the costs are readily ascertainable. Breach of order (2) Every one who contravenes an order made under paragraph (1)(a) is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction. Application (3) Sections 740 to 741.2 apply, with any modifications that the circumstances require, to orders made under paragraph (1)(b). 2008, c. 12, s. 1; 2018, c. 29, s. 54
Criminal Code — C-46 448
Definitions 448 In this Part, counterfeit money includes (a) a false coin or false paper money that resembles or is apparently intended to resemble or pass for a current coin or current paper money, (b) a forged bank-note or forged blank bank-note, whether complete or incomplete, (c) a genuine coin or genuine paper money that is prepared or altered to resemble or pass for a current coin or current paper money of a higher denomination, (d) a current coin from which the milling is removed by filing or cutting the edges and on which new milling is made to restore its appearance, (e) a coin cased with gold, silver or nickel, as the case may be, that is intended to resemble or pass for a current gold, silver or nickel coin, and (f) a coin or a piece of metal or mixed metals that is washed or coloured by any means with a wash or material capable of producing the appearance of gold, silver or nickel and that is intended to resemble or pass for a current gold, silver or nickel coin; ( monnaie contrefaite ) counterfeit token of value means a counterfeit excise stamp, postage stamp or other evidence of value, by whatever technical, trivial or deceptive designation it may be described, and includes genuine coin or paper money that has no value as money; ( symbole de valeur contrefait ) current means lawfully current in Canada or elsewhere by virtue of a law, proclamation or regulation in force in Canada or elsewhere as the case may be; ( courant ) utter includes sell, pay, tender and put off. ( mettre en circulation ) R.S., c. C-34, s. 406
Criminal Code — C-46 (a)
counterfeit money includes (a) a false coin or false paper money that resembles or is apparently intended to resemble or pass for a current coin or current paper money, (b) a forged bank-note or forged blank bank-note, whether complete or incomplete, (c) a genuine coin or genuine paper money that is prepared or altered to resemble or pass for a current coin or current paper money of a higher denomination, (d) a current coin from which the milling is removed by filing or cutting the edges and on which new milling is made to restore its appearance, (e) a coin cased with gold, silver or nickel, as the case may be, that is intended to resemble or pass for a current gold, silver or nickel coin, and (f) a coin or a piece of metal or mixed metals that is washed or coloured by any means with a wash or material capable of producing the appearance of gold, silver or nickel and that is intended to resemble or pass for a current gold, silver or nickel coin; ( monnaie contrefaite )
Criminal Code — C-46
counterfeit token of value means a counterfeit excise stamp, postage stamp or other evidence of value, by whatever technical, trivial or deceptive designation it may be described, and includes genuine coin or paper money that has no value as money; ( symbole de valeur contrefait )
Criminal Code — C-46
current means lawfully current in Canada or elsewhere by virtue of a law, proclamation or regulation in force in Canada or elsewhere as the case may be; ( courant )
Criminal Code — C-46
utter includes sell, pay, tender and put off. ( mettre en circulation )
Criminal Code — C-46 449
Making 449 Every one who makes or begins to make counterfeit money is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding fourteen years. R.S., c. C-34, s. 407
Criminal Code — C-46 450
Possession, etc., of counterfeit money 450 Every person is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term of not more than 14 years who, without lawful justification or excuse, (a) buys, receives or offers to buy or receive counterfeit money; (b) has in their custody or possession counterfeit money; or (c) introduces counterfeit money into Canada. R.S., 1985, c. C-46, s. 450; 2018, c. 29, s. 55
Criminal Code — C-46 451
Having clippings, etc. 451 Every person who, without lawful justification or excuse, has in their custody or possession gold or silver filings, clippings or bullion or gold or silver in dust, solution or otherwise, produced or obtained by impairing, diminishing or lightening a current gold or silver coin, knowing that it has been so produced or obtained, is guilty of (a) an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term of not more than five years; or (b) an offence punishable on summary conviction. R.S., 1985, c. C-46, s. 451; 2018, c. 29, s. 56 2019, c. 25, s. 175
Criminal Code — C-46 452
Uttering, etc., counterfeit money 452 Every person is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term of not more than 14 years who, without lawful justification or excuse, (a) utters or offers to utter counterfeit money or uses counterfeit money as if it were genuine, or (b) exports, sends or takes counterfeit money out of Canada. R.S., 1985, c. C-46, s. 452; 2018, c. 29, s. 57
Criminal Code — C-46 453
Uttering coin 453 Every person is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term of not more than two years or is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction who, with intent to defraud, knowingly utters (a) a coin that is not current, or (b) a piece of metal or mixed metals that resembles in size, figure or colour a current coin for which it is uttered. R.S., 1985, c. C-46, s. 453 2019, c. 25, s. 176
Criminal Code — C-46 454
Slugs and tokens 454 Every person is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction who, without lawful excuse, manufactures, produces, sells or has in their possession anything that is intended to be fraudulently used in substitution for a coin or token of value that any coin or token-operated device is designed to receive. R.S., 1985, c. C-46, s. 454; 2018, c. 29, s. 58
Criminal Code — C-46 455
Clipping and uttering clipped coin 455 Every one who (a) impairs, diminishes or lightens a current gold or silver coin with intent that it should pass for a current gold or silver coin, or (b) utters a coin knowing that it has been impaired, diminished or lightened contrary to paragraph (a), is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding fourteen years. R.S., c. C-34, s. 413
Criminal Code — C-46 456
Defacing current coins 456 Every one who (a) defaces a current coin, or (b) utters a current coin that has been defaced, is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction. R.S., c. C-34, s. 414
Criminal Code — C-46 457
Likeness of bank-notes 457 (1) No person shall make, publish, print, execute, issue, distribute or circulate, including by electronic or computer-assisted means, anything in the likeness of (a) a current bank-note; or (b) an obligation or a security of a government or bank. Exception (2) Subsection (1) does not apply to (a) the Bank of Canada or its employees when they are carrying out their duties; (b) the Royal Canadian Mounted Police or its members or employees when they are carrying out their duties; or (c) any person acting under a contract or licence from the Bank of Canada or Royal Canadian Mounted Police. Offence (3) A person who contravenes subsection (1) is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction. Defence (4) No person shall be convicted of an offence under subsection (3) in relation to the printed likeness of a Canadian bank-note if it is established that the length or width of the likeness is less than three-fourths or greater than one-and-one-half times the length or width, as the case may be, of the bank-note and (a) the likeness is in black-and-white only; or (b) the likeness of the bank-note appears on only one side of the likeness. R.S., 1985, c. C-46, s. 457; 1999, c. 5, s. 12
Criminal Code — C-46 458
Making, having or dealing in instruments for counterfeiting 458 Every person who, without lawful justification or excuse, makes, repairs, buys, sells or has in their custody or possession any machine, engine, tool, instrument, material or other thing that they know has been used or is adapted and intended for use in making counterfeit money or counterfeit tokens of value, is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term of not more than 14 years. R.S., 1985, c. C-46, s. 458; 2018, c. 29, s. 59
Criminal Code — C-46 459
Conveying instruments for coining out of mint 459 Every person is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term of not more than 14 years who, without lawful justification or excuse, knowingly conveys out of any of Her Majesty’s mints in Canada, (a) any machine, engine, tool, instrument, material or thing used or employed in connection with the manufacture of coins, (b) a useful part of anything mentioned in paragraph (a), or (c) coin, bullion, metal or a mixture of metals. R.S., 1985, c. C-46, s. 459; 2018, c. 29, s. 60
Criminal Code — C-46 460
Advertising and dealing in counterfeit money, etc. 460 (1) Every person is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term of not more than five years or is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction who (a) by an advertisement or any other writing, offers to sell, procure or dispose of counterfeit money or counterfeit tokens of value or to give information with respect to the manner in which or the means by which counterfeit money or counterfeit tokens of value may be sold, procured or disposed of, or (b) purchases, obtains, negotiates or otherwise deals with counterfeit tokens of value, or offers to negotiate with a view to purchasing or obtaining them. Fraudulent use of money genuine but valueless (2) No person shall be convicted of an offence under subsection (1) in respect of genuine coin or genuine paper money that has no value as money unless, at the time when the offence is alleged to have been committed, he knew that the coin or paper money had no value as money and he had a fraudulent intent in his dealings with or with respect to the coin or paper money. R.S., 1985, c. C-46, s. 460 2019, c. 25, s. 177
Criminal Code — C-46 461
When counterfeit complete 461 (1) Every offence relating to counterfeit money or counterfeit tokens of value shall be deemed to be complete notwithstanding that the money or tokens of value in respect of which the proceedings are taken are not finished or perfected or do not copy exactly the money or tokens of value that they are apparently intended to resemble or for which they are apparently intended to pass. Certificate of examiner of counterfeit (2) In any proceedings under this Part, a certificate signed by a person designated as an examiner of counterfeit by the Minister of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness, stating that any coin, paper money or bank-note described therein is counterfeit money or that any coin, paper money or bank-note described therein is genuine and is or is not, as the case may be, current in Canada or elsewhere, is evidence of the statements contained in the certificate without proof of the signature or official character of the person appearing to have signed the certificate. Notice of intention to produce certificate (3) No certificate shall be received in evidence unless the party intending to produce it has, before the trial, given to the other party reasonable notice of their intention and a copy of the certificate. Attendance and cross-examination (4) A party against whom the certificate is produced may, with leave of the court, require the attendance of the person who signed the certificate for the purposes of cross-examination. R.S., 1985, c. C-46, s. 461; 1992, c. 1, s. 58; 2005, c. 10, s. 34; 2018, c. 21, s. 17
Criminal Code — C-46 462
Ownership 462 (1) Counterfeit money, counterfeit tokens of value and anything that is used or is intended to be used to make counterfeit money or counterfeit tokens of value belong to Her Majesty. Seizure (2) A peace officer may seize and detain (a) counterfeit money, (b) counterfeit tokens of value, and (c) machines, engines, tools, instruments, materials or things that have been used or that have been adapted and are intended for use in making counterfeit money or counterfeit tokens of value, and anything seized shall be sent to the Minister of Finance to be disposed of or dealt with as he may direct, but anything that is required as evidence in any proceedings shall not be sent to the Minister until it is no longer required in those proceedings. R.S., c. C-34, s. 420
Criminal Code — C-46 462.3
Definitions 462.3 (1) In this Part, designated drug offence [Repealed, 1996, c. 19, s. 68] designated offence means (a) any offence that may be prosecuted as an indictable offence under this or any other Act of Parliament, other than an indictable offence prescribed by regulation, or (b) a conspiracy or an attempt to commit, being an accessory after the fact in relation to, or any counselling in relation to, an offence referred to in paragraph (a); ( infraction désignée ) designated substance offence [Repealed, 2001, c. 32, s. 12] enterprise crime offence [Repealed, 2001, c. 32, s. 12] judge means a judge as defined in section 552 or a judge of a superior court of criminal jurisdiction; ( juge ) proceeds of crime means any property, benefit or advantage, within or outside Canada, obtained or derived directly or indirectly as a result of (a) the commission in Canada of a designated offence, or (b) an act or omission anywhere that, if it had occurred in Canada, would have constituted a designated offence. ( produits de la criminalité ) Regulations (2) The Governor in Council may make regulations prescribing indictable offences that are excluded from the definition designated offence in subsection (1). (3) [Repealed, 2019, c. 25, s. 179] (4) [Repealed, 2019, c. 25, s. 179] R.S., 1985, c. 42 (4th Supp.), s. 2; 1993, c. 25, s. 95, c. 37, s. 32, c. 46, s. 5; 1994, c. 44, s. 29; 1995, c. 39, s. 151; 1996, c. 19, ss. 68, 70; 1997, c. 18, s. 27, c. 23, s. 9; 1998, c. 34, ss. 9, 11; 1999, c. 5, ss. 13, 52; 2001, c. 32, s. 12, c. 41, ss. 14, 33; 2005, c. 44, s. 1; 2010, c. 14, s. 7 2019, c. 25, s. 179
Criminal Code — C-46
designated drug offence [Repealed, 1996, c. 19, s. 68]
Criminal Code — C-46 (a)
designated offence means (a) any offence that may be prosecuted as an indictable offence under this or any other Act of Parliament, other than an indictable offence prescribed by regulation, or (b) a conspiracy or an attempt to commit, being an accessory after the fact in relation to, or any counselling in relation to, an offence referred to in paragraph (a); ( infraction désignée )
Criminal Code — C-46
designated substance offence [Repealed, 2001, c. 32, s. 12]
Criminal Code — C-46
enterprise crime offence [Repealed, 2001, c. 32, s. 12]
Criminal Code — C-46
judge means a judge as defined in section 552 or a judge of a superior court of criminal jurisdiction; ( juge )
Criminal Code — C-46 (a)
proceeds of crime means any property, benefit or advantage, within or outside Canada, obtained or derived directly or indirectly as a result of (a) the commission in Canada of a designated offence, or (b) an act or omission anywhere that, if it had occurred in Canada, would have constituted a designated offence. ( produits de la criminalité )
Criminal Code — C-46 462.31
Laundering proceeds of crime 462.31 (1) Every one commits an offence who uses, transfers the possession of, sends or delivers to any person or place, transports, transmits, alters, disposes of or otherwise deals with, in any manner and by any means, any property or any proceeds of any property with intent to conceal or convert that property or those proceeds, knowing or believing that, or being reckless as to whether, all or a part of that property or of those proceeds was obtained or derived directly or indirectly as a result of (a) the commission in Canada of a designated offence; or (b) an act or omission anywhere that, if it had occurred in Canada, would have constituted a designated offence. (1.1) [Repealed, 2024, c. 17, s. 378] (1.2) [Repealed, 2024, c. 17, s. 378] (1.3) [Repealed, 2024, c. 17, s. 378] Punishment (2) Every one who commits an offence under subsection (1) (a) is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding ten years; or (b) is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction. Laundering proceeds of crime for criminal organization (2.1) Everyone who commits an offence under subsection (1) for the benefit of, at the direction of or in association with a criminal organization is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 14 years. Prosecution (2.2) Subject to subsection (2.4), in a prosecution for an offence under subsection (1) or (2.1), it is not necessary for the prosecutor to prove that the accused knew, believed they knew or was reckless as to the specific nature of the designated offence. Inference (2.3) Subject to subsection (2.4), the court may infer that an accused had the knowledge or belief or demonstrated the recklessness referred to in subsection (1) if it is satisfied, given the circumstances of the offence, that the manner in which the accused dealt with the property or its proceeds is markedly unusual or the accused’s dealings are inconsistent with lawful activities typical of the sector in which they take place, including business activities. Exception (2.4) Subsections (2.2) and (2.3) do not apply in cases where the accused is also charged with the designated offence. Exception (3) A peace officer or a person acting under the direction of a peace officer is not guilty of an offence under subsection (1) or (2.1) if the peace officer or person does any of the things mentioned in that subsection for the purposes of an investigation or otherwise in the execution of the peace officer’s duties. R.S., 1985, c. 42 (4th Supp.), s. 2; 1996, c. 19, s. 70; 1997, c. 18, s. 28; 2001, c. 32, s. 13; 2005, c. 44, s. 2(F) 2019, c. 29, s. 103 2024, c. 15, s. 308 2024, c. 17, s. 371 2024, c. 17, s. 378
Criminal Code — C-46 462.32
ssipation or reduction in value of the property or otherwise affect the property so that all or a part thereof could not be seized pursuant to the warrant. (6) [Repealed, 2024, c. 15, s. 309] R.S., 1985, c. 42 (4th Supp.), s. 2; 1997, c. 18, s. 29; 2001, c. 32, s. 14; 2005, c. 44, s. 3; 2017, c. 7, s. 57(F) 2019, c. 25, s. 180 2022, c. 17, s. 12 2023, c. 26, s. 211(F) 2024, c. 15, s. 309
Criminal Code — C-46 462.34
sonable legal expenses referred to in subparagraph (4)(c)(ii). Taxing legal fees (5.2) The judge who made an order under paragraph (4)(c) may, and on the application of the Attorney General shall, tax the legal fees forming part of the legal expenses referred to in subparagraph (4)(c)(ii) and, in so doing, shall take into account (a) the value of property in respect of which an order of forfeiture may be made; (b) the complexity of the proceedings giving rise to those legal expenses; (c) the importance of the issues involved in those proceedings; (d) the duration of any hearings held in respect of those proceedings; (e) whether any stage of those proceedings was improper or vexatious; (f) any representations made by the Attorney General; and (g) any other relevant matter. Conditions to be satisfied (6) An order under paragraph (4)(b) in respect of property may be made by a judge if the judge is satisfied that the property will no longer be required for the purpose of any investigation or as evidence in any proceeding and (a) that a warrant should not have been issued under section 462.32 or 462.321 or a restraint order under subsection 462.33(3) should not have been made in respect of that property, in the case where the application is made by (i) a person charged with a designated offence, or (ii) any person who acquired title to or a right of possession of that property from a person referred to in subparagraph (i) under circumstances that give rise to a reasonable inference that the title or right was transferred from that person for the purpose of avoiding the forfeiture of the property; or (b) in any other case, that the applicant is the lawful owner of or lawfully entitled to possession of the property and appears innocent of any complicity in a designated offence or of any collusion in relation to such an offence, and that no other person appears to be the lawful owner of or lawfully entitled to possession of the property. Saving provision (7) Sections 354, 355.2 and 355.4 do not apply to a person who comes into possession of any property that, by virtue of an order made under paragraph (4)(c), was returned to any person after having been seized or was excluded from the application of a restraint order made under subsection 462.33(3). (8) [Repealed, 2019, c. 25, s. 182] R.S., 1985, c. 42 (4th Supp.), s. 2; 1996, c. 19, ss. 69, 70; 1997, c. 18, ss. 31, 140; 2001, c. 32, s. 17; 2010, c. 14, s. 8 2019, c. 25, s. 182 2023, c. 26, s. 214