Export Control List — (2)
 or equal to 4 x 10 -3 , (VI) quantum computers supporting 700 or more, but fewer than 1,100, fully controlled, connected and working physical qubits, and having a C-NOT error of less than or equal to 5 x 10 -3 , (VII) quantum computers supporting 1,100 or more, but fewer than 2,000, fully controlled, connected and working physical qubits, and having a C-NOT error of less than or equal to 6 x 10 -3 , and (VIII) quantum computers supporting 2,000 or more fully controlled, connected and working physical qubits, (B) qubit devices and qubit circuits, containing or supporting arrays of physical qubits, and specially designed for items specified in clause (A), and (C) quantum control components and quantum measurement devices specially designed for items specified in clause (A), NOTE 1 Items in clause (B) include semiconductor, superconducting and photonic qubit chips and chip arrays, surface ion trap arrays, other qubit confinement technology, and coherent interconnects between such items. 2 Clause (C) applies to items designed for calibrating, initializing, manipulating or measuring the resident qubits of a quantum computer. 3 Subparagraph (ii) applies to circuit model (or gate-based) and one-way (or measurement-based) quantum computers but does not apply to adiabatic (or annealing) quantum computers. 4 Items specified in subparagraph (ii) may not necessarily physically contain any qubits. For example, quantum computers based on photonic schemes do not permanently contain a physical item that can be identified as a qubit. Instead, photonic qubits are generated while the computer is operating and then later discarded. 5 In subparagraph (ii), physical qubit means a two-level quantum system used to represent the elementary unit of quantum logic by means of manipulations and measurements that are not error-corrected. Physical qubits are distinguished from logical qubits, in that logical qubits are error-corrected qubits composed of many physical qubits. 6 In clause (A), supporting 34 or more fully controlled, connected, working physical qubits refers to the capability of a quantum computer to confine, control, measure and process the quantum information embodied in 34 or more physical qubits. 7 In clause (A), fully controlled means that the physical qubit can be calibrated, initialized, gated and read out, as necessary. 8 In clause (A), connected means that two-qubit gate operations can be performed between any arbitrary pair of the available working physical qubits. This does not necessarily entail all-to-all connectivity. 9 In clause (A), working means that the physical qubit performs universal quantum computational work according to the system specifications for qubit operational fidelity. 10 In clause (A), C-NOT error means the average physical gate error for the nearest-neighbour two-physical qubit Controlled-NOT (C-NOT) gates. (iii) parametric signal amplifiers designed to operate at an ambient temperature below 1 K (-272.15 ℃) and at a frequency from 2 GHz to 15 GHz, and having a noise figure of less than 0.015 dB when operating at that temperature and frequency, NOTE In subparagraph (iii), parametric signal amplifier , or Quantum-Limited Amplifier (QLA), includes a Travelling Wave Parametric Amplifier (TWPA). (iv) cryogenic cooling systems and components, as follows: (A) systems rated to provide a cooling power of 600 µW or more at a temperature of 0.1 K (-273.05°C) or lower for more than 48 hours, and (B) two-stage pulse tube cryocoolers rated to maintain a temperature lower than 4 K (-269.15°C) and to provide a cooling power of 1.5 W or more at a temperature of 4.2 K (-268.95°C) or lower; (d) test, inspection and production equipment, other than that referred to in Group 1 of the Guide, as follows: (i) masks and reticles designed for integrated circuits specified in subparagraph (c)(i), (ii) imprint lithography templates designed for integrated circuits specified in subparagraph (c)(i), (iii) equipment designed for dry etchi