GreatNorthCollective/greatnorth-canada-federal-laws-text huggingface dataset:
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 704.52
704.52 No person shall conduct a take-off or a landing on an unprepared surface in an aeroplane for which the aircraft flight manual does not set out any information relating to unprepared surface operations, unless (a) the aeroplane is propeller-driven; (b) the air operator has set out, in the company operations manual, procedures for take-offs and landings on unprepared surfaces, including (i) procedures for obtaining the air operator’s approval for unprepared surface operations, and (ii) procedures for assessing unprepared surfaces and unfamiliar approach and departure paths; and (c) before acting as pilot-in-command during a take-off or a landing on an unprepared surface, the person has (i) acquired at least 100 hours of flight time in an aeroplane of the same type as the one to be operated, (ii) received ground and flight training that includes the characteristics of take-off and landing surfaces, the conduct of obstacle assessments and the interpretation of the applicable aeroplane performance information specified in the aircraft flight manual, (iii) acquired at least 25 hours of line indoctrination training that includes unprepared surface operations, and (iv) been certified by the chief pilot or his or her delegate as being competent to conduct take-offs and landings on unprepared surfaces. SOR/2019-135, s. 6 SOR/2025-26, s. 36(F)
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 704.62
704.62 (1) No person shall operate an aircraft in IMC unless the aircraft is equipped with (a) at least two generators, each of which, subject to subsection (2), is driven by a separate engine, and at least half of which have a sufficient rating to supply the electrical loads of all instruments and equipment necessary for the safe emergency operation of the aircraft; and (b) two independent sources of energy and a means of selecting either source, at least one source of energy being an engine-driven pump or generator, and each source of energy being able to drive all gyroscopic instruments and being installed so that the failure of one instrument or one source of energy will affect neither the energy supply to the remaining instruments nor the other source of energy. (2) In the case of a multi-engined helicopter, the generators required by paragraph (1)(a) may be driven by the main rotor drive train. (3) No person shall operate an aircraft at night unless the aircraft is equipped with at least one landing light.
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 704.63
704.63 (1) When icing conditions are reported to exist or are forecast to be encountered along the route of flight, no person shall authorize a flight or its continuation or conduct a take-off or continue a flight in an aircraft, even if the pilot-in-command determines that the aircraft is adequately equipped to operate in icing conditions in accordance with paragraph 605.30(a), if, in the opinion of the pilot-in-command, the safety of the flight might be adversely affected. (2) No person shall operate an aeroplane in icing conditions at night unless the aeroplane is equipped with a means to illuminate or otherwise detect the formation of ice. SOR/2009-152, s. 16
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 704.64
704.64 No person shall operate an aircraft with passengers on board in IMC when current weather reports or forecasts indicate that thunderstorms may reasonably be expected along the route to be flown, unless the aircraft is equipped with thunderstorm detection equipment or weather radar equipment.
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 704.65
704.65 No person shall operate an aircraft on a single-pilot operation in IMC unless the aircraft is equipped with (a) an auto-pilot that is capable of operating the aircraft controls to maintain flight and manoeuvre the aircraft about the lateral and longitudinal axes; (b) a headset with a boom microphone or equivalent and a transmit button on the control column; and (c) a chart holder that is equipped with a light and that is placed in an easily readable position.
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 704.66
704.66 (1) No air operator shall operate a pressurized aircraft unless protective breathing equipment with a 15-minute supply of breathing gas at a pressure-altitude of 8,000 feet is readily available at each flight crew member position. (2) The protective breathing equipment referred to in subsection (1) may be used to meet the crew member oxygen requirements specified in section 605.31.
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 704.67
704.67 No air operator shall operate an aircraft with passengers on board above FL 250 unless the aircraft is equipped with oxygen dispensing units and an undiluted supply of first aid oxygen sufficient to provide at least one passenger with oxygen for at least one hour or the entire duration of the flight at a cabin pressure-altitude above 8,000 feet, after an emergency descent following cabin depressurization, whichever period is longer.
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 704.68
704.68 No person shall operate an aircraft unless the pilot seat and any seat beside the pilot seat are equipped with a safety belt that includes a shoulder harness.
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 704.69
704.69 After June 30, 2008, no person shall conduct a takeoff in a transport category aeroplane, or in a non-transport category aeroplane in respect of which a type certificate was issued after December 31, 1964, that is equipped with a flight instrument Pitot heating system unless the aeroplane is also equipped with a Pitot heat indication system that meets the requirements of section 525.1326 of Chapter 525 — Transport Category Aeroplanes of the Airworthiness Manual . SOR/2007-78, s. 2
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 704.70
704.70 (1) Subject to subsection (4), no air operator shall operate, in airspace outside RVSM airspace, a turbine-powered aeroplane having an MCTOW greater than 5 700 kg (12,566 pounds) but less than or equal to 15 000 kg (33,069 pounds) or an aeroplane that is not a turbine-powered aeroplane having an MCTOW greater than 5 700 kg (12,566 pounds), unless the aeroplane is equipped with an operative ACAS that (a) meets the requirements of CAN-TSO-C118 or a more recent version of it or other requirements that the Minister has accepted as providing a level of safety that is at least equivalent to the level that that CAN-TSO provides; or (b) meets the requirements of CAN-TSO-C119a or a more recent version of it or other requirements that the Minister has accepted as providing a level of safety that is at least equivalent to the level that that CAN-TSO provides and is equipped with a Mode S transponder that meets the requirements of CAN-TSO-C112 or a more recent version of it. (2) Subject to subsection (4), no air operator shall operate a turbine-powered aeroplane having an MCTOW greater than 15 000 kg (33,069 pounds) in airspace outside RVSM airspace unless the aeroplane is equipped with an operative ACAS that (a) meets the requirements of CAN-TSO-C119a or a more recent version of it or other requirements that the Minister has accepted as providing a level of safety that is at least equivalent to the level that that CAN-TSO provides; and (b) is equipped with a Mode S transponder that meets the requirements of CAN-TSO-C112 or a more recent version of it. (3) Subject to subsection (4), no air operator shall operate an aeroplane referred to in subsection (1) or (2) in RVSM airspace unless the aeroplane is equipped with an operative ACAS that (a) meets the requirements of CAN-TSO-C119b or a more recent version of it or other requirements that the Minister has accepted as providing a level of safety that is at least equivalent to the level that that CAN-TSO provides; and (b) is equipped with a Mode S transponder that meets the requirements of CAN-TSO-C112 or a more recent version of it. (4) The air operator may operate the aeroplane without its being equipped with an operative ACAS if (a) where a minimum equipment list has not been approved by the Minister and subject to subsection 605.08(1), the operation takes place within the three days after the date of failure of the ACAS; or (b) it is necessary for the pilot-in-command to deactivate, in the interests of aviation safety, the ACAS or any of its modes and the pilot-in-command does so in accordance with the aircraft flight manual, aircraft operating manual, flight manual supplement or minimum equipment list. (5) This section does not apply in respect of aeroplanes manufactured on or before the day on which this section comes into force until two years after that day. SOR/2007-133, s. 8; SOR/2009-280, ss. 37, 39 to 42
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 704.71
704.71 (1) Subject to subsection (3), no air operator shall operate an aeroplane that has a seating configuration, excluding pilot seats, of six to nine inclusive, unless the aeroplane is equipped with an operative TAWS that (a) meets the requirements for Class A or Class B equipment set out in CAN-TSO-C151a or a more recent version of it; (b) meets the altitude accuracy requirements set out in section 551.102 of Chapter 551 of the Airworthiness Manual ; and (c) has a terrain and airport database compatible with the area of operation. (2) Subject to subsection (3), no air operator shall operate an aeroplane that has a seating configuration, excluding pilot seats, of ten or more, unless the aeroplane is equipped with an operative TAWS that (a) meets the requirements for Class A equipment set out in CAN-TSO-C151a or a more recent version of it; (b) meets the altitude accuracy requirements set out in section 551.102 of Chapter 551 of the Airworthiness Manual ; and (c) has a terrain and airport database compatible with the area of operation and a terrain awareness and situational display. (3) The air operator may operate the aeroplane without its being equipped with an operative TAWS if (a) the aeroplane is operated in day VFR only; (b) in the event that a minimum equipment list has not been approved by the Minister and subject to subsection 605.08(1), the operation takes place within the three days after the day on which the failure of the TAWS occurs; or (c) it is necessary for the pilot-in-command to deactivate, in the interests of aviation safety, the TAWS or any of its modes and the pilot-in-command does so in accordance with the aircraft flight manual, aircraft operating manual, flight manual supplement or minimum equipment list. (4) This section does not apply in respect of aeroplanes manufactured on or before the day on which this section comes into force until the day that is two years after that day. SOR/2012-136, s. 12 SOR/2020-253, s. 14 SOR/2020-253, s. 15
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 704.83
704.83 No air operator shall operate an aircraft with passengers on board unless at least one hand-held fire extinguisher is readily accessible for immediate use and is located in the passenger compartment.
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 704.84
704.84 No air operator shall operate an aircraft unless the emergency equipment carried on board under Division II of Subpart 2 of Part VI and this Division is inspected at the intervals recommended by the equipment manufacturer. SOR/2020-253, s. 16
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 704.85
704.85 No person shall conduct a take-off in an aircraft operated by an air operator unless the first aid kit carried on board in accordance with paragraph 602.60(1)(h) contains the supplies and equipment set out in the Aviation Occupational Health and Safety Regulations . SOR/2020-253, s. 16
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 704.86
704.86 (1) No air operator shall operate an aircraft, other than an aircraft referred to in subsection 602.61(2), unless a survival manual is carried on board that contains information about how to use the survival equipment that is carried on board to meet the requirements of subsection 602.61(1). (2) No air operator shall operate an aircraft on board of which life rafts are required to be carried in accordance with section 602.63 unless the survival kit referred to in paragraph 602.63(6)(c) contains (a) a life raft repair kit; (b) a bailing bucket and a sponge; (c) a whistle; (d) a waterproof flashlight; (e) a supply of potable water — based on 500 mL per person and calculated using the rated capacity of the life raft — or a means of desalting or distilling salt water that can provide 500 mL of potable water per person; (f) a waterproof survival manual that contains information about how to use the survival equipment; (g) a first aid kit that contains antiseptic swabs, burn dressing compresses, bandages and motion sickness pills; and (h) a pyrotechnic signalling device, or an aviation visual distress signal that has a marking applied by the manufacturer indicating that the signal meets the requirements of CAN-TSO-C168, a signalling mirror and a dye marker for visually signalling distress. (3) Despite subsection (2), if there is insufficient space in the attached survival kit, a supplemental survival kit shall be stowed adjacent to each required life raft and contain (a) a supply of potable water — based on 500 mL per person and calculated using the rated capacity of the life raft — or a means of desalting or distilling salt water that can provide 500 mL of potable water per person; and (b) motion sickness pills. SOR/2020-253, s. 16
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 704.106
704.106 No air operator shall operate an aircraft with fewer than two pilots, where the aircraft (a) is an aeroplane carrying 10 or more passengers; or (b) is carrying passengers and is being operated in IFR flight.
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 704.107
704.107 (1) An air operator must designate, for each flight, a pilot-in-command or, if the crew includes two pilots, a pilot-in-command and a second-in-command. (2) An air operator must record the name of the pilot-in-command and, if applicable, the name of the second-in-command who were designated under subsection (1) and must retain the record for at least 180 days after the day on which the flight is completed. SOR/2019-119, s. 42 SOR/2025-26, s. 37
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 704.108
704.108 (1) Subject to subsection (6), no air operator shall permit a person to act and no person shall act as a flight crew member in an aircraft unless the person (a) holds the licence and ratings required by Part IV; (b) within the previous 90 days, has completed at least three take-offs and three landings (i) where a type rating for that aircraft is required, in an aircraft of that type, or in a flight simulator representing that type of aircraft that has been approved by the Minister under Subpart 6 of Part VI for take-off and landing qualifications, or (ii) where a type rating for that aircraft is not required, in an aircraft of that category and class, or in a flight simulator representing that category and class of aircraft that has been approved by the Minister under Subpart 6 of Part VI for take-off and landing qualifications; (c) has successfully completed a pilot proficiency check, the validity period of which has not expired, for that type of aircraft, in accordance with the Commercial Air Service Standards ; and (d) has fulfilled the requirements of the air operator’s ground training program and, except where undergoing line indoctrination training, the air operator’s flight training program. (2) An air operator may group similar aircraft as a single type for the purposes of the pilot proficiency check referred to in paragraph (1)(c) if the air operator (a) is authorized to do so in its air operator certificate; and (b) complies with the Commercial Air Service Standards . (3) No person shall act as the pilot-in-command of an aircraft with passengers on board in IFR flight unless the person has acquired at least 1,200 hours of flight time as a pilot. (4) No person shall act as the pilot-in-command of an aircraft in VFR flight unless the person has acquired at least 500 hours of flight time as a pilot. (5) No person shall act as the pilot-in-command of an aircraft with a person other than a flight crew member on board in night VFR flight unless the person acting as the pilot-in-command holds an instrument rating for that class of aircraft. (6) An air operator may permit a person to act and a person may act as a flight crew member in an aircraft where the person does not meet the requirements of paragraphs (1)(b) to (d), if (a) the aircraft is operated on a training, ferry or positioning flight; or (b) the air operator (i) is authorized to do so in its air operator certificate, and (ii) complies with the Commercial Air Service Standards . SOR/2025-26, s. 38(F)
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 704.109
704.109 (1) No air operator shall permit a person to act and no person shall act in an operational control position unless that person has fulfilled the training requirements set out in this Subpart and has demonstrated to the air operator the knowledge and abilities required by the Commercial Air Service Standards . (2) A person who has not acted in an operational control position within the previous three months shall, prior to acting in an operational control position, demonstrate to the air operator that the person still has the knowledge and abilities referred to in subsection (1).
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 704.110
704.110 (1) A pilot proficiency check shall be conducted by the Minister. (2) Any other check required under this Subpart may be conducted by the Minister.
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 704.111
704.111 (1) Subject to subsections (2) and (3), the validity period of a pilot proficiency check and of the annual training referred to in section 704.115 expires on the first day of the thirteenth month following the month in which the proficiency check or training was completed. (2) Where a pilot proficiency check or annual training is renewed within the last 90 days of its validity period, its validity period is extended by 12 months. (3) The Minister may extend the validity period of a pilot proficiency check or annual training by up to 60 days where the Minister is of the opinion that aviation safety is not likely to be affected. (4) Where the validity period of a pilot proficiency check or annual training has been expired for 24 months or more, the person shall requalify by meeting the training requirements specified in the Commercial Air Service Standards .
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 704.115
704.115 (1) Every air operator shall establish and maintain a ground and flight training program that is (a) designed to ensure that each person who receives training acquires the competence to perform the person’s assigned duties; and (b) approved by the Minister in accordance with the Commercial Air Service Standards . (2) An air operator’s ground and flight training program shall include (a) for flight crew members: (i) company indoctrination training, (ii) line indoctrination training, (iii) high-altitude training, where applicable, (iv) upgrading training, where applicable, and (v) initial and annual training, including (A) aircraft type training, (B) aircraft servicing and ground handling training, (C) emergency procedures training, and (D) aircraft surface contamination training; (a.1) initial training followed by training every three years on underwater egress for seaplane pilots; (b) initial and annual training for operational control personnel; (c) initial and annual aircraft surface contamination training for those operations personnel designated in the Commercial Air Service Standards ; (d) initial and annual training for personnel who are assigned to perform duties on board an aircraft; and (e) any other training required to ensure a safe operation under this Subpart. (3) An air operator shall (a) include a detailed syllabus of its ground and flight training program in its company operations manual; (b) ensure that adequate facilities and qualified personnel are provided for its ground and flight training program, in accordance with the Commercial Air Service Standards ; and (c) establish and maintain a safety awareness program concerning the adverse effects of aircraft surface contamination and provide the program to all flight operations personnel who are not required to receive the training described in paragraph (2)(c). (4) An air operator shall have a fatigue management training program for its flight crew members that contains (a) personal fatigue management strategies relating to (i) sleep hygiene, (ii) lifestyle, exercise and diet, and (iii) the consumption of alcohol and drugs; (b) the impact of fatigue on aviation safety; (c) sleep requirements and the science relating to fatigue; (d) the causes and consequences of fatigue; (e) how to recognize fatigue in themselves and in others; (f) sleep disorders, their impact on aviation safety and treatment options; and (g) human and organizational factors that may cause fatigue, including (i) sleep quality and duration, (ii) the impact of shift work and overtime, (iii) the circadian rhythm, and (iv) the effects of changes of time zones. SOR/2018-269, s. 16 SOR/2019-49, s. 6 SOR/2025-26, s. 39(F)
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 704.116
704.116 (1) The Minister may give conditional approval to a training program where an air operator submits to the Minister a copy of a syllabus of its training program that provides enough information for a preliminary evaluation of the training program in light of the Commercial Air Service Standards . (2) An air operator may conduct training under a training program that has received conditional approval until the Minister has evaluated the effectiveness of the training program and has informed the air operator of any deficiencies that must be corrected. (3) The Minister shall give final approval to a conditionally approved training program when the air operator demonstrates that the training conducted under that program is adequate to permit the persons who receive it to safely perform their assigned duties.
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 704.117
704.117 (1) Every air operator shall, for each person who is required to receive training under this Subpart, establish and maintain a record of (a) the person’s name and, where applicable, personnel licence number, type and ratings; (b) if applicable, the person’s medical category and the expiry date of that category; (c) the dates on which the person, while in the air operator’s employ, successfully completed any training, pilot proficiency check or examination required under this Subpart or obtained any qualification required under this Subpart; (d) information relating to any failure of the person, while in the air operator’s employ, to successfully complete any training, pilot proficiency check or examination required under this Subpart or to obtain any qualification required under this Subpart; and (e) the type of aircraft or flight training equipment used for any training, pilot proficiency check or qualification required under this Subpart. (2) An air operator shall retain the records referred to in paragraphs (1)(c) and (d) and a record of each pilot proficiency check for at least three years. (3) An air operator shall retain a copy of the most recent written examination completed by each pilot for each type of aircraft for which the pilot has a qualification.
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 704.118
704.118 (1) If the Minister determines that an air operator’s training program required under 704.115 does not include the competencies required for each person who receives training to perform their assigned duties, the Minister shall notify the air operator of (a) the corrective actions that the air operator is required to implement to its training program; and (b) the date by which the air operator is required to submit its amended training program to the Minister for approval under paragraph 704.115(1)(b). (2) The air operator referred to in subsection (1) shall submit its amended training program to the Minister on or before the date specified by the Minister under paragraph (1)(b). SOR/2022-17, s. 5