Canadian Aviation Regulations — 401.05
401.05 (1) Despite any other provision of this Subpart, no holder of a flight crew permit, licence or rating, other than the holder of a flight engineer licence, shall exercise the privileges of the permit, licence or rating unless (a) the holder has acted as pilot-in-command or co-pilot of an aircraft within the five years preceding the flight; (a.1) the holder has, within the five years preceding the flight, successfully completed an initial or recurrent pilot training program, approved under the applicable Subpart of Part VII, in a Level C or D full-flight simulator that may be used in accordance with section 606.03 ; or (b) within the 12 months preceding the flight (i) the holder has completed a flight review, in accordance with the personnel licensing standards, conducted by the holder of a pilot licence or permit endorsed with a flight instructor rating for the same category of aircraft, (ii) the flight instructor who conducted the flight review has certified in the holder’s personal log that the holder meets the skill requirements for the issuance of the permit or licence set out in the personnel licensing standards, and (iii) the holder has successfully completed the appropriate examination specified in the personnel licensing standards. (2) Despite any other provision of this Subpart, no holder of a flight crew permit or licence, other than the holder of a flight engineer licence, shall exercise the privileges of the permit or licence in an aircraft unless the holder (a) has successfully completed a recurrent training program in accordance with the personnel licensing standards within the 24 months preceding the flight; and (b) where a passenger other than a flight test examiner designated by the Minister is carried on board the aircraft, has completed, within the six months preceding the flight, (i) in the case of an aircraft other than a glider or a balloon, in the same category and class of aircraft as the aircraft, or in a Level B, C or D full-flight simulator of the same category and class as the aircraft, at least (A) five night or day take-offs and five night or day landings, if the flight is conducted wholly by day, or (B) five night take-offs and five night landings, if the flight is conducted wholly or partly by night, (ii) in the case of a glider, at least (A) five take-offs and five landings in a glider, or (B) two take-offs and two landings in a glider with the holder of a pilot licence endorsed with a flight instructor rating — glider and who subsequently obtained a certification of competence to carry passengers on board a glider, in accordance with the personnel licensing standards, from the holder of the pilot licence endorsed with a flight instructor rating — glider, and (iii) in the case of a balloon, at least (A) five landings in a balloon by day and five take-offs in a balloon by day or night, if the flight is conducted by day, or (B) five landings in a balloon by day and five take-offs in a balloon by night, if the flight is conducted partly by night. (3) No holder of a pilot licence that is endorsed with an instrument rating or to which instrument rating privileges are attached shall exercise the privileges of the instrument rating unless the holder has successfully completed, within the 24 months preceding the flight, one of the following: (a) an instrument rating flight test in an aircraft or in a Level B, C or D full-flight simulator of the same group as the aircraft indicated on the pilot’s licence; (b) a Canadian Armed Forces instrument rating flight test; (c) an instrument proficiency check that (i) consisted of tasks representative of those required by sections 1 to 4 of section 5 of Schedule 8 of Standard 428 – Conduct of Flight Tests , (ii) was conducted in (A) an aircraft of the same group as set out in subsection 421.46(1) of Standard 421 that met the requirements of section 605.18, or (B) a flight simulation training device that was approved for instrument rating flight tests and con