GreatNorthCollective/greatnorth-canada-federal-laws-text huggingface dataset:
Criminal Code — C-46 464
Counselling offence that is not committed 464 Except where otherwise expressly provided by law, the following provisions apply in respect of persons who counsel other persons to commit offences, namely, (a) every one who counsels another person to commit an indictable offence is, if the offence is not committed, guilty of an indictable offence and liable to the same punishment to which a person who attempts to commit that offence is liable; and (b) every one who counsels another person to commit an offence punishable on summary conviction is, if the offence is not committed, guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction. R.S., 1985, c. C-46, s. 464; R.S., 1985, c. 27 (1st Supp.), s. 60
Criminal Code — C-46 466
Conspiracy in restraint of trade 466 (1) A conspiracy in restraint of trade is an agreement between two or more persons to do or to procure to be done any unlawful act in restraint of trade. Trade union, exception (2) The purposes of a trade union are not, by reason only that they are in restraint of trade, unlawful within the meaning of subsection (1). R.S., 1985, c. C-46, s. 466; 1992, c. 1, s. 60(F)
Criminal Code — C-46 467
Saving 467 (1) No person shall be convicted of the offence of conspiracy by reason only that he (a) refuses to work with a workman or for an employer; or (b) does any act or causes any act to be done for the purpose of a trade combination, unless that act is an offence expressly punishable by law. Definition of trade combination (2) In this section, trade combination means any combination between masters or workmen or other persons for the purpose of regulating or altering the relations between masters or workmen, or the conduct of a master or workman in or in respect of his business, employment or contract of employment or service. R.S., c. C-34, s. 425
Criminal Code — C-46 467.1
Definitions 467.1 (1) The following definitions apply in this Act. criminal organization means a group, however organized, that (a) is composed of three or more persons in or outside Canada; and (b) has as one of its main purposes or main activities the facilitation or commission of one or more serious offences that, if committed, would likely result in the direct or indirect receipt of a material benefit, including a financial benefit, by the group or by any of the persons who constitute the group. It does not include a group of persons that forms randomly for the immediate commission of a single offence. ( organisation criminelle ) serious offence means an indictable offence under this or any other Act of Parliament for which the maximum punishment is imprisonment for five years or more, or another offence that is prescribed by regulation. ( infraction grave ) Facilitation (2) For the purposes of this section, section 467.11 and 467.111, facilitation of an offence does not require knowledge of a particular offence the commission of which is facilitated, or that an offence actually be committed. Commission of offence (3) In this section and in sections 467.11 to 467.13, committing an offence means being a party to it or counselling any person to be a party to it. Regulations (4) The Governor in Council may make regulations prescribing offences that are included in the definition serious offence in subsection (1). 1997, c. 23, s. 11; 2001, c. 32, s. 27; 2014, c. 17, s. 8
Criminal Code — C-46 (a)
criminal organization means a group, however organized, that (a) is composed of three or more persons in or outside Canada; and (b) has as one of its main purposes or main activities the facilitation or commission of one or more serious offences that, if committed, would likely result in the direct or indirect receipt of a material benefit, including a financial benefit, by the group or by any of the persons who constitute the group. It does not include a group of persons that forms randomly for the immediate commission of a single offence. ( organisation criminelle )
Criminal Code — C-46
serious offence means an indictable offence under this or any other Act of Parliament for which the maximum punishment is imprisonment for five years or more, or another offence that is prescribed by regulation. ( infraction grave )
Criminal Code — C-46 467.11
Participation in activities of criminal organization 467.11 (1) Every person who, for the purpose of enhancing the ability of a criminal organization to facilitate or commit an indictable offence under this or any other Act of Parliament, knowingly, by act or omission, participates in or contributes to any activity of the criminal organization is guilty of (a) an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term of not more than five years; or (b) an offence punishable on summary conviction. Prosecution (2) In a prosecution for an offence under subsection (1), it is not necessary for the prosecutor to prove that (a) the criminal organization actually facilitated or committed an indictable offence; (b) the participation or contribution of the accused actually enhanced the ability of the criminal organization to facilitate or commit an indictable offence; (c) the accused knew the specific nature of any indictable offence that may have been facilitated or committed by the criminal organization; or (d) the accused knew the identity of any of the persons who constitute the criminal organization. Factors (3) In determining whether an accused participates in or contributes to any activity of a criminal organization, the Court may consider, among other factors, whether the accused (a) uses a name, word, symbol or other representation that identifies, or is associated with, the criminal organization; (b) frequently associates with any of the persons who constitute the criminal organization; (c) receives any benefit from the criminal organization; or (d) repeatedly engages in activities at the instruction of any of the persons who constitute the criminal organization. 2001, c. 32, s. 27 2019, c. 25, s. 184
Criminal Code — C-46 467.111
Recruitment of members by a criminal organization 467.111 Every person who, for the purpose of enhancing the ability of a criminal organization to facilitate or commit an indictable offence under this Act or any other Act of Parliament, recruits, solicits, encourages, coerces or invites a person to join the criminal organization, is guilty of an indictable offence and liable, (a) in the case where the person recruited, solicited, encouraged or invited is under 18 years of age, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding five years, and to a minimum punishment of imprisonment for a term of six months; and (b) in any other case, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding five years. 2014, c. 17, s. 9
Criminal Code — C-46 467.12
Commission of offence for criminal organization 467.12 (1) Every person who commits an indictable offence under this or any other Act of Parliament for the benefit of, at the direction of, or in association with, a criminal organization is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding fourteen years. Prosecution (2) In a prosecution for an offence under subsection (1), it is not necessary for the prosecutor to prove that the accused knew the identity of any of the persons who constitute the criminal organization. 2001, c. 32, s. 27
Criminal Code — C-46 467.13
Instructing commission of offence for criminal organization 467.13 (1) Every person who is one of the persons who constitute a criminal organization and who knowingly instructs, directly or indirectly, any person to commit an offence under this or any other Act of Parliament for the benefit of, at the direction of, or in association with, the criminal organization is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for life. Prosecution (2) In a prosecution for an offence under subsection (1), it is not necessary for the prosecutor to prove that (a) an offence other than the offence under subsection (1) was actually committed; (b) the accused instructed a particular person to commit an offence; or (c) the accused knew the identity of all of the persons who constitute the criminal organization. 2001, c. 32, s. 27
Criminal Code — C-46 467.14
Sentences to be served consecutively 467.14 A sentence imposed on a person for an offence under section 467.11, 467.111, 467.12 or 467.13 shall be served consecutively to any other punishment imposed on the person for an offence arising out of the same event or series of events and to any other sentence to which the person is subject at the time the sentence is imposed on the person for an offence under any of those sections. 2001, c. 32, s. 27; 2014, c. 17, s. 10
Criminal Code — C-46 468
Superior court of criminal jurisdiction 468 Every superior court of criminal jurisdiction has jurisdiction to try any indictable offence. R.S., c. C-34, s. 426
Criminal Code — C-46 469
Court of criminal jurisdiction 469 Every court of criminal jurisdiction has jurisdiction to try an indictable offence other than (a) an offence under any of the following sections: (i) section 47 (treason), (ii) [Repealed, 2018, c. 29, s. 61] (iii) section 51 (intimidating Parliament or a legislature), (iv) section 53 (inciting to mutiny), (v) section 61 (seditious offences), (vi) section 74 (piracy), (vii) section 75 (piratical acts), or (viii) section 235 (murder); Accessories (b) the offence of being an accessory after the fact to high treason or treason or murder; (c) an offence under section 119 (bribery) by the holder of a judicial office; Crimes against humanity (c.1) an offence under any of sections 4 to 7 of the Crimes Against Humanity and War Crimes Act ; Attempts (d) the offence of attempting to commit any offence mentioned in subparagraphs (a)(i) to (vii); or Conspiracy (e) the offence of conspiring to commit any offence mentioned in paragraph (a). R.S., 1985, c. C-46, s. 469; R.S., 1985, c. 27 (1st Supp.), s. 62; 2000, c. 24, s. 44; 2018, c. 29, s. 61
Criminal Code — C-46 470
Jurisdiction over person 470 Subject to this Act, every superior court of criminal jurisdiction and every court of criminal jurisdiction that has power to try an indictable offence is competent to try an accused for that offence (a) if the accused is found, is arrested or is in custody within the territorial jurisdiction of the court; or (b) if the accused has been ordered to be tried by (i) that court, or (ii) any other court, the jurisdiction of which has by lawful authority been transferred to that court. R.S., 1985, c. C-46, s. 470; R.S., 1985, c. 27 (1st Supp.), s. 101
Criminal Code — C-46 471
Trial by jury compulsory 471 Except where otherwise expressly provided by law, every accused who is charged with an indictable offence shall be tried by a court composed of a judge and jury. R.S., c. C-34, s. 429
Criminal Code — C-46 472
472 [Repealed, R.S., 1985, c. 27 (1st Supp.), s. 63]
Criminal Code — C-46 473
Trial without jury 473 (1) Notwithstanding anything in this Act, an accused charged with an offence listed in section 469 may, with the consent of the accused and the Attorney General, be tried without a jury by a judge of a superior court of criminal jurisdiction. Joinder of other offences (1.1) Where the consent of the accused and the Attorney General is given in accordance with subsection (1), the judge of the superior court of criminal jurisdiction may order that any offence be tried by that judge in conjunction with the offence listed in section 469. Withdrawal of consent (2) Notwithstanding anything in this Act, where the consent of an accused and the Attorney General is given in accordance with subsection (1), that consent shall not be withdrawn unless both the accused and the Attorney General agree to the withdrawal. R.S., 1985, c. C-46, s. 473; R.S., 1985, c. 27 (1st Supp.), s. 63; 1994, c. 44, s. 30
Criminal Code — C-46 474
Adjournment when no jury summoned 474 (1) Where the competent authority has determined that a panel of jurors is not to be summoned for a term or sittings of the court for the trial of criminal cases in any territorial division, the clerk of the court may, on the day of the opening of the term or sittings, if a judge is not present to preside over the court, adjourn the court and the business of the court to a subsequent day. Adjournment on instructions of judge (2) A clerk of the court for the trial of criminal cases in any territorial division may, at any time, on the instructions of the presiding judge or another judge of the court, adjourn the court and the business of the court to a subsequent day. R.S., 1985, c. C-46, s. 474; 1994, c. 44, s. 31
Criminal Code — C-46 475
Accused absconding during trial 475 (1) Notwithstanding any other provision of this Act, where an accused, whether or not he is charged jointly with another, absconds during the course of his trial, (a) he shall be deemed to have waived his right to be present at his trial, and (b) the court may (i) continue the trial and proceed to a judgment or verdict and, if it finds the accused guilty, impose a sentence on him in his absence, or (ii) if a warrant in Form 7 is issued for the arrest of the accused, adjourn the trial to await his appearance, but where the trial is adjourned pursuant to subparagraph (b)(ii), the court may, at any time, continue the trial if it is satisfied that it is no longer in the interests of justice to await the appearance of the accused. Adverse inference (2) Where a court continues a trial pursuant to subsection (1), it may draw an inference adverse to the accused from the fact that he has absconded. Accused not entitled to re-opening (3) Where an accused reappears at his trial that is continuing pursuant to subsection (1), he is not entitled to have any part of the proceedings that was conducted in his absence re-opened unless the court is satisfied that because of exceptional circumstances it is in the interests of justice to re-open the proceedings. Counsel for accused may continue to act (4) Where an accused has absconded during the course of his trial and the court continues the trial, counsel for the accused is not thereby deprived of any authority he may have to continue to act for the accused in the proceedings. R.S., 1985, c. C-46, s. 475; R.S., 1985, c. 27 (1st Supp.), s. 185(F), c. 1 (4th Supp.), s. 18(F)
Criminal Code — C-46 476
Special jurisdictions 476 For the purposes of this Act, (a) where an offence is committed in or on any water or on a bridge between two or more territorial divisions, the offence shall be deemed to have been committed in any of the territorial divisions; (b) where an offence is committed on the boundary of two or more territorial divisions or within five hundred metres of any such boundary, or the offence was commenced within one territorial division and completed within another, the offence shall be deemed to have been committed in any of the territorial divisions; (c) where an offence is committed in or on a vehicle employed in a journey, or on board a vessel employed on a navigable river, canal or inland water, the offence shall be deemed to have been committed in any territorial division through which the vehicle or vessel passed in the course of the journey or voyage on which the offence was committed, and where the center or other part of the road, or navigable river, canal or inland water on which the vehicle or vessel passed in the course of the journey or voyage is the boundary of two or more territorial divisions, the offence shall be deemed to have been committed in any of the territorial divisions; (d) where an offence is committed in an aircraft in the course of a flight of that aircraft, it shall be deemed to have been committed (i) in the territorial division in which the flight commenced, (ii) in any territorial division over which the aircraft passed in the course of the flight, or (iii) in the territorial division in which the flight ended; and (e) where an offence is committed in respect of the mail in the course of its door-to-door delivery, the offence shall be deemed to have been committed in any territorial division through which the mail was carried on that delivery. R.S., 1985, c. C-46, s. 476; R.S., 1985, c. 27 (1st Supp.), s. 186; 1992, c. 1, s. 58
Criminal Code — C-46 477
Definition of ship 477 (1) In sections 477.1 to 477.4, ship includes any description of vessel, boat or craft designed, used or capable of being used solely or partly for marine navigation, without regard to method or lack of propulsion. Saving (2) Nothing in sections 477.1 to 477.4 limits the operation of any other Act of Parliament or the jurisdiction that a court may exercise apart from those sections. R.S., 1985, c. C-46, s. 477; 1990, c. 44, s. 15; 1996, c. 31, s. 67
Criminal Code — C-46 477.1
Offences outside of Canada 477.1 Every person who commits an act or omission that, if it occurred in Canada, would be an offence under a federal law, within the meaning of section 2 of the Oceans Act , is deemed to have committed that act or omission in Canada if it is an act or omission (a) in the exclusive economic zone of Canada that (i) is committed by a person who is in the exclusive economic zone of Canada in connection with exploring or exploiting, conserving or managing the natural resources, whether living or non-living, of the exclusive economic zone of Canada, and (ii) is committed by or in relation to a person who is a Canadian citizen or a permanent resident within the meaning of subsection 2(1) of the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act ; (b) that is committed in a place in or above the continental shelf of Canada and that is an offence in that place by virtue of section 20 of the Oceans Act ; (c) that is committed outside Canada on board or by means of a ship registered or licensed, or for which an identification number has been issued, pursuant to any Act of Parliament; (d) that is committed outside Canada in the course of hot pursuit; or (e) that is committed outside the territory of any state by a Canadian citizen. 1990, c. 44, s. 15; 1996, c. 31, s. 68; 2001, c. 27, s. 247
Criminal Code — C-46 477.2
Consent of Attorney General of Canada 477.2 (1) No proceedings in respect of an offence committed in or on the territorial sea of Canada shall be continued unless the consent of the Attorney General of Canada is obtained not later than eight days after the proceedings are commenced, if the accused is not a Canadian citizen and the offence is alleged to have been committed on board any ship registered outside Canada. Exception (1.1) Subsection (1) does not apply to proceedings by way of summary conviction. Consent of Attorney General of Canada (2) No proceedings in respect of which courts have jurisdiction by virtue only of paragraph 477.1(a) or (b) shall be continued unless the consent of the Attorney General of Canada is obtained not later than eight days after the proceedings are commenced, if the accused is not a Canadian citizen and the offence is alleged to have been committed on board any ship registered outside Canada. Consent of Attorney General of Canada (3) No proceedings in respect of which courts have jurisdiction by virtue only of paragraph 477.1(d) or (e) shall be continued unless the consent of the Attorney General of Canada is obtained not later than eight days after the proceedings are commenced. Consent to be filed (4) The consent of the Attorney General required by subsection (1), (2) or (3) must be filed with the clerk of the court in which the proceedings have been instituted. 1990, c. 44, s. 15; 1994, c. 44, s. 32; 1996, c. 31, s. 69
Criminal Code — C-46 477.3
Exercising powers of arrest, entry, etc. 477.3 (1) Every power of arrest, entry, search or seizure or other power that could be exercised in Canada in respect of an act or omission referred to in section 477.1 may be exercised, in the circumstances referred to in that section, (a) at the place or on board the ship or marine installation or structure, within the meaning of section 2 of the Oceans Act , where the act or omission occurred; or (b) where hot pursuit has been commenced, at any place on the seas, other than a place that is part of the territorial sea of any other state. Arrest, search, seizure, etc. (2) A justice or judge in any territorial division in Canada has jurisdiction to authorize an arrest, entry, search or seizure or an investigation or other ancillary matter related to an offence (a) committed in or on the territorial sea of Canada or any area of the sea that forms part of the internal waters of Canada, or (b) referred to in section 477.1 in the same manner as if the offence had been committed in that territorial division. Limitation (3) Where an act or omission that is an offence by virtue only of section 477.1 is alleged to have been committed on board any ship registered outside Canada, the powers referred to in subsection (1) shall not be exercised outside Canada with respect to that act or omission without the consent of the Attorney General of Canada. 1990, c. 44, s. 15; 1996, c. 31, s. 70
Criminal Code — C-46 477.4
477.4 (1) and (2) [Repealed, 1996, c. 31, s. 71] Evidence (3) In proceedings in respect of an offence, (a) a certificate referred to in subsection 23(1) of the Oceans Act , or (b) a certificate issued by or under the authority of the Minister of Foreign Affairs containing a statement that any geographical location specified in the certificate was, at any time material to the proceedings, in an area of a fishing zone of Canada that is not within the internal waters of Canada or the territorial sea of Canada or outside the territory of any state, is conclusive proof of the truth of the statement without proof of the signature or official character of the person appearing to have issued the certificate. Certificate cannot be compelled (4) A certificate referred to in subsection (3) is admissible in evidence in proceedings referred to in that subsection but its production cannot be compelled. 1990, c. 44, s. 15; 1995, c. 5, s. 25; 1996, c. 31, s. 71
Criminal Code — C-46 478
Offence committed entirely in one province 478 (1) Subject to this Act, a court in a province shall not try an offence committed entirely in another province. Exception (2) Every proprietor, publisher, editor or other person charged with the publication of a defamatory libel in a newspaper or with conspiracy to publish a defamatory libel in a newspaper shall be dealt with, indicted, tried and punished in the province where he resides or in which the newspaper is printed. Idem (3) An accused who is charged with an offence that is alleged to have been committed in Canada outside the province in which the accused is may, if the offence is not an offence mentioned in section 469 and (a) in the case of proceedings instituted at the instance of the Government of Canada and conducted by or on behalf of that Government, if the Attorney General of Canada consents, or (b) in any other case, if the Attorney General of the province where the offence is alleged to have been committed consents, appear before a court or judge that would have had jurisdiction to try that offence if it had been committed in the province where the accused is, and where the accused consents to plead guilty and pleads guilty to that offence, the court or judge shall determine the accused to be guilty of the offence and impose the punishment warranted by law, but where the accused does not consent to plead guilty and does not plead guilty, the accused shall, if the accused was in custody prior to appearance, be returned to custody and shall be dealt with according to law. Where accused ordered to stand trial (4) Notwithstanding that an accused described in subsection (3) has been ordered to stand trial or that an indictment has been preferred against the accused in respect of the offence to which he desires to plead guilty, the accused shall be deemed simply to stand charged of that offence without a preliminary inquiry having been conducted or an indictment having been preferred with respect thereto. Definition of newspaper (5) In this section, newspaper has the same meaning as in section 297. R.S., 1985, c. C-46, s. 478; R.S., 1985, c. 27 (1st Supp.), ss. 64, 101(E); 1994, c. 44, s. 33(E)