Canada Oil and Gas Operations Act — O-7 26
Recovery of loss, damage, costs or expenses 26 (1) Where any discharge, emission or escape of oil or gas that is authorized by regulation, or any spill, occurs in any area to which this Act applies, (a) all persons to whose fault or negligence the spill or the authorized discharge, emission or escape of oil or gas is attributable or who are by law responsible for others to whose fault or negligence the spill or the authorized discharge, emission or escape of oil or gas is attributable are jointly and severally liable, to the extent determined according to the degree of the fault or negligence proved against them, for (i) all actual loss or damage incurred by any person as a result of the spill or the authorized discharge, emission or escape of oil or gas or as a result of any action or measure taken in relation to the spill or the authorized discharge, emission or escape of oil or gas, (ii) the costs and expenses reasonably incurred by Her Majesty in right of Canada or a province or any other person in taking any action or measure in relation to the spill or the authorized discharge, emission or escape of oil or gas, and (iii) all loss of non-use value relating to a public resource that is affected by a spill or the authorized discharge, emission or escape of oil or gas or as a result of any action or measure taken in relation to the spill or the authorized discharge, emission or escape of oil or gas; and (b) the person who is required to obtain an authorization under paragraph 5(1)(b) in respect of the work or activity from which the spill or the authorized discharge, emission or escape of oil or gas emanated is liable, without proof of fault or negligence, up to the applicable limit of liability that is set out in subsection (2.2) for the actual loss or damage, the costs and expenses and the loss of non-use value described in subparagraphs (a)(i) to (iii). Recovery of loss, etc., caused by debris (2) If, as a result of debris or as a result of any action or measure taken in relation to debris, there is a loss of non-use value relating to a public resource or any person incurs actual loss or damage or if Her Majesty in right of Canada or a province reasonably incurs any costs or expenses in taking any action or measure in relation to debris, (a) all persons to whose fault or negligence the debris is attributable or who are by law responsible for others to whose fault or negligence the debris is attributable are jointly and severally liable, to the extent determined according to the degree of the fault or negligence proved against them, for that loss, actual loss or damage, and for those costs and expenses; and (b) the person who is required to obtain an authorization under paragraph 5(1)(b) in respect of the work or activity from which the debris originated is liable, without proof of fault or negligence, up to the applicable limit of liability that is set out in subsection (2.2), for that loss, actual loss or damage, and for those costs and expenses. Vicarious liability for contractors (2.1) A person who is required to obtain an authorization under paragraph 5(1)(b) and who retains, to carry on a work or activity in respect of which the authorization is required, the services of a contractor to whom paragraph (1)(a) or (2)(a) applies is jointly and severally liable with that contractor for any actual loss or damage, costs and expenses and loss of non-use value described in subparagraphs (1)(a)(i) to (iii) and subsection (2). Limits of liability (2.2) For the purposes of paragraphs (1)(b) and (2)(b), the limits of liability are (a) in respect of any area of land or submarine area referred to in paragraph 6(1)(a) of the Arctic Waters Pollution Prevention Act , the amount by which $1 billion exceeds the amount prescribed under section 9 of that Act in respect of any activity or undertaking engaged in or carried on by any person described in paragraph 6(1)(a) of that Act; (b) in respect of any area referred to in paragraphs 3(a)