Citizenship Act — C-29 3
Persons who are citizens 3 (1) Subject to this Act, a person is a citizen if (a) the person was born in Canada after February 14, 1977; (b) the person was born outside Canada after February 14, 1977 and at the time of his birth one of his parents, other than a parent who adopted him, was a citizen; (c) the person has been granted or acquired citizenship pursuant to section 5 or 11 and, in the case of a person who is fourteen years of age or over on the day that he is granted citizenship, he has taken the oath of citizenship; (c.1) the person has been granted citizenship under section 5.1; (d) the person was a citizen immediately before February 15, 1977; (e) the person was entitled, immediately before February 15, 1977, to become a citizen under paragraph 5(1)(b) of the former Act; (f) before the coming into force of this paragraph, the person ceased to be a citizen for any reason other than the following reasons and did not subsequently become a citizen: (i) the person renounced his or her citizenship under any of the following provisions: (A) paragraph 19(2)(c) of the Canadian Citizenship Act , S.C. 1946, c. 15, as enacted by S.C. 1951, c. 12, s. 1(3), (B) paragraph 19(2)(c) of the Canadian Citizenship Act , R.S.C. 1952, c. 33, (C) subparagraph 19(1)(b)(iii) of the Canadian Citizenship Act , R.S.C. 1952, c. 33, as enacted by S.C. 1967-68, c. 4, s. 5, (D) subparagraph 18(1)(b)(iii) of the former Act, (E) section 8 of the Citizenship Act , S.C. 1974-75-76, c. 108, or (F) section 9 of this Act, or (ii) the person’s citizenship was revoked for false representation, fraud or concealment of material circumstances under any of the following provisions: (A) paragraph 21(1)(b) of the Canadian Citizenship Act , S.C. 1946, c. 15, (B) paragraph 19(1)(b) of the Canadian Citizenship Act , S.C. 1946, c. 15, as enacted by S.C. 1950, c. 29, s. 8, (C) paragraph 19(1)(b) of the Canadian Citizenship Act , R.S.C. 1952, c. 33, as it read before the coming into force of An Act to amend the Canadian Citizenship Act , S.C. 1967-68, c. 4, (D) paragraph 19(1)(a) of the Canadian Citizenship Act , R.S.C. 1952, c. 33, as enacted by S.C. 1967-68, c. 4, s. 5, (E) paragraph 18(1)(a) of the former Act, (F) section 9 of the Citizenship Act , S.C. 1974-75-76, c. 108, or (G) section 10 of this Act; (iii) [Repealed, 2025, c. 5, s. 1] (g) the person was born outside Canada before February 15, 1977 to a parent who was a citizen at the time of the birth and the person did not, before the coming into force of this paragraph, become a citizen; (h) the person was granted citizenship on or after January 1, 1947 but before April 17, 2009, the person would have, but for that grant, been a citizen under paragraph (g) and, if it was required, the person took the oath of citizenship; (i) the person had been a citizen other than by way of grant, ceased to be a citizen for a reason other than the reasons referred to in subparagraphs (f)(i) and (ii), was subsequently granted citizenship before the coming into force of this paragraph under any of the following provisions and, if it was required, took the oath of citizenship: (i) subsection 10(1) of the Citizenship Act , S.C. 1974-75-76, c. 108, (ii) subsection 5(1) or (4) or 11(1) of this Act, or (iii) paragraph 5(2)(a) of this Act, as it read before the coming into force of this paragraph; (j) under prior legislation, the person had been a citizen other than by way of grant, ceased to be a citizen for a reason other than the reasons referred to in subparagraphs (f)(i) and (ii) and resumed citizenship; (k) the person, before January 1, 1947, was born or naturalized in Canada but ceased to be a British subject, and did not become a citizen on that day; (l) the person, before April 1, 1949, was born or naturalized in Newfoundland and Labrador but ceased to be a British subject, and did not become a citizen on or before that day; (m) the person, on January 1, 1947, was a British subject neither born nor naturalized in Canada and w