GreatNorthCollective/greatnorth-canada-federal-laws-text huggingface dataset:
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 601.28
601.28 A person who has responsibility for or control over an obstacle to air navigation shall report immediately any deterioration of a marking or any failure or malfunction of a light required under this Division to the appropriate ATS unit. SOR/2011-285, s. 6 SOR/2025-98, s. 7
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 601.29
601.29 No person shall deface, alter or otherwise damage a marking or a light required, under this Division, to be displayed on an obstacle to air navigation. SOR/2011-285, s. 6
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 602.01
602.01 This Subpart does not apply in respect of remotely piloted aircraft. SOR/2019-11, s. 15
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 602.01.1
602.01.1 No person shall operate an aircraft in such a reckless or negligent manner as to endanger or be likely to endanger the life or property of any person. SOR/2019-11, s. 15
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 602.01.2
602.01.2 (1) The pilot-in-command of an aircraft is responsible for its operation. (2) A person must not interfere with, or attempt to interfere with, the carrying out of the pilot-in-command’s responsibilities. SOR/2025-226, s. 4
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 602.01.3
602.01.3 (1) Subject to subsection (2), the pilot-in-command of an aircraft must operate the aircraft in accordance with the requirements of Subparts 1 to 3 of this Part. (2) In the event of an emergency that threatens the safety of the aircraft, persons or property, the pilot-in-command may deviate from the requirements of Subparts 1 to 3 of this Part to the extent necessary to respond to the emergency. SOR/2025-226, s. 4
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 602.02
602.02 An operator of an aircraft shall not require any person to act as a flight crew member or to carry out a preflight duty, and a person shall not act as a flight crew member or carry out that duty, if the operator or the person has reason to believe that the person is not, or is not likely to be, fit for duty. SOR/2018-269, s. 4
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 602.03
602.03 No person shall act as a crew member of an aircraft (a) within 12 hours after consuming an alcoholic beverage; (b) while under the influence of alcohol; or (c) while using any drug that impairs the person’s faculties to the extent that the safety of the aircraft or of persons on board the aircraft is endangered in any way. SOR/2018-269, s. 5
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 602.04
602.04 (1) In this section, intoxicating liquor means a beverage that contains more than 2.5 per cent proof spirits. (2) No person shall consume on board an aircraft an intoxicating liquor unless the intoxicating liquor (a) has been served to that person by the operator of the aircraft; or (b) where no flight attendant is on board, has been provided by the operator of the aircraft. (3) No operator of an aircraft shall provide or serve any intoxicating liquor to a person on board the aircraft, where there are reasonable grounds to believe that the person’s faculties are impaired by alcohol or a drug to an extent that may present a hazard to the aircraft or to persons on board the aircraft. (4) Subject to subsection (5), no operator of an aircraft shall allow a person to board the aircraft, where there are reasonable grounds to believe that the person’s faculties are impaired by alcohol or a drug to an extent that may present a hazard to the aircraft or to persons on board the aircraft. (5) The operator of an aircraft may allow a person whose faculties are impaired by a drug to board an aircraft, where the drug was administered in accordance with a medical authorization and the person is under the supervision of an attendant.
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 602.05
602.05 (1) Every passenger on board an aircraft shall comply with instructions given by any crew member respecting the safety of the aircraft or of persons on board the aircraft. (2) Every crew member on board an aircraft shall, during flight time, comply with the instructions of the pilot-in-command or of any person whom the pilot-in-command has authorized to act on behalf of the pilot-in-command.
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 602.06
602.06 (1) No person shall smoke on board an aircraft. (2) [Repealed, SOR/2025-26, s. 23] (3) No person shall tamper with or disable a smoke detector installed in an aircraft lavatory without permission from a crew member or the operator of the aircraft. SOR/2025-26, s. 23
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 602.07
602.07 No person shall operate an aircraft unless it is operated in accordance with the operating limitations (a) set out in the aircraft flight manual, where an aircraft flight manual is required by the applicable standards of airworthiness; (b) set out in a document other than the aircraft flight manual, where use of that document is authorized pursuant to Part VII; (c) indicated by markings or placards required pursuant to section 605.05; or (d) prescribed by the competent authority of the state of registry of the aircraft.
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 602.08
602.08 (1) No operator of an aircraft shall permit the use of a PED on board an aircraft if the use of the PED could adversely affect the operation of the aircraft or the functioning of the aircraft’s systems or equipment. (2) No person shall use a portable electronic device on board an aircraft except with the permission of the operator of the aircraft. SOR/2019-296, s. 6
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 602.09
602.09 No person operating an aircraft shall permit the fuelling of the aircraft while an engine used for the propulsion of the aircraft is running and passengers are on board the aircraft or are embarking or disembarking, unless subsection 604.84(1), 704.33(4) or 705.40(3), as applicable, is complied with. SOR/2005-341, s. 4; SOR/2014-131, s. 12
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 602.10
602.10 (1) No person shall start an engine of an aircraft unless (a) a pilot’s seat is occupied by a person who is competent to control the aircraft; (b) precautions have been taken to prevent the aircraft from moving; or (c) in the case of a seaplane, the aircraft is in a location from which any movement of the aircraft will not endanger persons or property. (2) No person shall leave an engine of an aircraft running unless (a) a pilot’s seat is occupied by a person who is competent to control the aircraft; or (b) where no persons are on board the aircraft, (i) precautions have been taken to prevent the aircraft from moving, and (ii) the aircraft is not left unattended.
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 602.11
602.11 (1) In this section, critical surfaces means the wings, control surfaces, rotors, propellers, horizontal stabilizers, vertical stabilizers or any other stabilizing surfaces of an aircraft, as well as any other surfaces identified as critical surfaces in the aircraft flight manual. (2) No person shall conduct or attempt to conduct a take-off in an aircraft that has frost, ice or snow adhering to any of its critical surfaces. (3) Despite subsection (2), a person may conduct a take-off in an aircraft that has frost caused by cold-soaked fuel adhering to the underside or upper side, or both, of its wings if the take-off is conducted in accordance with the aircraft manufacturer’s instructions for take-off under those conditions. (4) Where conditions are such that frost, ice or snow may reasonably be expected to adhere to the aircraft, no person shall conduct or attempt to conduct a take-off in an aircraft unless (a) for aircraft that are not operated under Subpart 5 of Part VII, (i) the aircraft has been inspected immediately prior to take-off to determine whether any frost, ice or snow is adhering to any of its critical surfaces, or (ii) the operator has established an aircraft inspection program in accordance with the Operating and Flight Rules Standards , and the dispatch and take-off of the aircraft are in accordance with that program; and (b) for aircraft that are operated under Subpart 5 of Part VII, the operator has established an aircraft inspection program in accordance with the Operating and Flight Rules Standards , and the dispatch and take-off of the aircraft are in accordance with that program. (5) The inspection referred to in subparagraph (4)(a)(i) shall be performed by (a) the pilot-in-command; (b) a flight crew member of the aircraft who is designated by the pilot-in-command; or (c) a person, other than a person referred to in paragraph (a) or (b), who (i) is designated by the operator of the aircraft, and (ii) has successfully completed training relating to ground and airborne icing operations under Subpart 4 or relating to aircraft surface contamination under Part VII. (6) Where, before commencing take-off, a crew member of an aircraft observes that there is frost, ice or snow adhering to the wings of the aircraft, the crew member shall immediately report that observation to the pilot-in-command, and the pilot-in-command or a flight crew member designated by the pilot-in-command shall inspect the wings of the aircraft before take-off. (7) Before an aircraft is de-iced or anti-iced, the pilot-in-command of the aircraft shall ensure that the crew members and passengers are informed of the decision to do so. SOR/2014-131, s. 13 SOR/2020-253, s. 3
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 602.12
602.12 (1) For the purposes of this section and sections 602.14 and 602.15, an aircraft shall be deemed to be operated over a built-up area or over an open-air assembly of persons if the built-up area or open-air assembly of persons is within a horizontal distance of (a) 500 feet from a helicopter or balloon; or (b) 2,000 feet from an aircraft other than a helicopter or balloon. (2) Except at an airport, heliport or military aerodrome, no person shall conduct a take-off, approach or landing in an aircraft over a built-up area or over an open-air assembly of persons, in a manner that is likely to create a hazard to persons or property. (3) Except at an airport, heliport or military aerodrome, no person shall conduct a take-off, approach or landing in an aircraft over a built-up area or over an open-air assembly of persons unless that aircraft will be operated at an altitude from which, in the event of an engine failure or any other emergency necessitating an immediate landing, the aircraft can land without creating a hazard to persons or property. SOR/2002-447, s. 1; SOR/2007-87, s. 9
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 602.13
602.13 (1) Except if otherwise permitted under this section, section 603.66 or Part VII, no person shall conduct a take-off, approach or landing in an aircraft within a built-up area of a city or town, unless that take-off, approach or landing is conducted at an airport, heliport or a military aerodrome. (2) A person may conduct a take-off or landing in an aircraft within a built-up area of a city or town at a place that is not located at an airport, heliport or a military aerodrome where (a) the place is not set apart for the operation of aircraft; (b) the flight is conducted without creating a hazard to persons or property on the surface; and (c) the aircraft is operated (i) for the purpose of a police operation that is conducted in the service of a police authority, or (ii) for the purpose of saving human life. (3) A person may conduct a take-off in a balloon within a built-up area of a city or town from a place that is not located at an airport, heliport or a military aerodrome, where (a) permission to use the place as a launch site has been obtained from the land owner; (b) a special aviation event is not being held at that place at the time of take-off; (c) no written objection in respect of the use of the place as a launch site has been received by the Minister from a competent land use authority; (d) the diameter of the launch site is no less than the greater of (i) 100 feet, and (ii) the greatest dimension of the balloon, be it the length, width or height, plus 25 per cent; and (e) the take-off point within the launch site is upwind of the highest obstacle in the take-off path by a horizontal distance equal to the height of that obstacle, and the take-off is conducted (i) using a positive rate of climb to a minimum altitude of 500 feet above the highest obstacle located within a horizontal distance of 500 feet from the balloon, or (ii) where the flight path of the balloon is directly over residential or commercial buildings or over an open-air assembly of persons, using the maximum rate of climb possible, considering operational and passenger safety. (4) A person may conduct a landing in a balloon within a built-up area of a city or town at a place that is not located at an airport, heliport or military aerodrome, where (a) the landing is necessary to avoid endangering the safety of the persons on board; and (b) the pilot-in-command contacts the appropriate air traffic services unit, either prior to landing or as soon as possible after landing, and provides (i) the balloon’s nationality mark and registration mark, (ii) the estimated or actual, as applicable, time and location of the landing, and (iii) the reasons why it is believed that the safety of the persons on board is or was endangered. SOR/2007-87, s. 10; SOR/2007-280, s. 1(F); SOR/2010-304, s. 2 SOR/2025-98, s. 26
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 602.14
602.14 (1) [Repealed, SOR/2002-447, s. 2] (2) Except where conducting a take-off, approach or landing or where permitted under section 602.15, no person shall operate an aircraft (a) over a built-up area or over an open-air assembly of persons unless the aircraft is operated at an altitude from which, in the event of an emergency necessitating an immediate landing, it would be possible to land the aircraft without creating a hazard to persons or property on the surface, and, in any case, at an altitude that is not lower than (i) for aeroplanes, 1,000 feet above the highest obstacle located within a horizontal distance of 2,000 feet from the aeroplane, (ii) for balloons, 500 feet above the highest obstacle located within a horizontal distance of 500 feet from the balloon, or (iii) for an aircraft other than an aeroplane or a balloon, 1,000 feet above the highest obstacle located within a horizontal distance of 500 feet from the aircraft; and (b) in circumstances other than those referred to in paragraph (a), at a distance less than 500 feet from any person, vessel, vehicle or structure. SOR/2002-447, s. 2
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 602.15
602.15 (1) A person may operate an aircraft at altitudes and distances less than those specified in subsection 602.14(2) where the aircraft is operated at altitudes and distances that are no less than necessary for the purposes of the operation in which the aircraft is engaged, the aircraft is operated without creating a hazard to persons or property on the surface and the aircraft is operated (a) for the purpose of a police operation that is conducted in the service of a police authority; (b) for the purpose of saving human life; (c) for fire-fighting or air ambulance operations; (d) for the purpose of the administration of the Fisheries Act or the Coastal Fisheries Protection Act ; (e) for the purpose of the administration of the national or provincial parks; or (f) for the purpose of flight inspection. (2) A person may operate an aircraft, to the extent necessary for the purpose of the operation in which the aircraft is engaged, at altitudes and distances less than those set out in (a) paragraph 602.14(2)(a), where operation of the aircraft is authorized under Subpart 3 or section 702.22; or (b) paragraph 602.14(2)(b), where the aircraft is operated without creating a hazard to persons or property on the surface and the aircraft is operated for the purpose of (i) aerial application or aerial inspection, (ii) aerial photography conducted by the holder of an air operator certificate, (iii) helicopter external load operations, or (iv) flight training conducted by or under the supervision of a qualified flight instructor.
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 602.16
602.16 (1) No person shall operate a helicopter that is carrying a Class B, C or D external load over an open-air assembly of persons. (2) Except where authorized under section 603.66 or 702.22, no person shall operate a helicopter that is carrying a Class B, C or D external load over a built-up area.
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 602.17
602.17 No person operating an aircraft shall conduct helicopter Class B, C or D external load operations or engage in aerial application or aerial inspection at altitudes less than 500 feet AGL while carrying on board any person other than a flight crew member, unless that person’s presence on board is essential to the purposes of the flight.
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 602.18
602.18 (1) No person shall operate a balloon over a built-up area without carrying on board sufficient fuel to permit the balloon to fly clear of the built-up area, taking into consideration the take-off weight of the balloon, the ambient temperature and actual and forecast winds, and possible variations of those factors. (2) No person shall operate a balloon on a flight that is planned to enter Class C airspace while over a built-up area unless the clearance to enter that airspace that is required pursuant to section 601.08 has been obtained from the appropriate air traffic control unit prior to take-off.
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 602.19
602.19 (1) Despite any other provision of this section, (a) the pilot-in-command of an aircraft that has the right of way shall, if there is any risk of collision, take such action as is necessary to avoid collision; and (b) where the pilot-in-command of an aircraft is aware that another aircraft is in an emergency situation, the pilot-in-command shall give way to that other aircraft. (2) When two aircraft are converging at approximately the same altitude, the pilot-in-command of the aircraft that has the other on its right shall give way, except as follows: (a) a power-driven, heavier-than-air aircraft shall give way to airships, gliders and balloons; (b) an airship shall give way to gliders and balloons; (c) a glider shall give way to balloons; and (d) a power-driven aircraft shall give way to aircraft that are seen to be towing gliders or other objects or carrying a slung load. (3) When two balloons operating at different altitudes are converging, the pilot-in-command of the balloon at the higher altitude shall give way to the balloon at the lower altitude. (4) Where an aircraft is required to give way to another aircraft, the pilot-in-command of the first-mentioned aircraft shall not pass over or under, or cross ahead of, the other aircraft unless passing or crossing at such a distance as will not create a risk of collision. (5) Where two aircraft are approaching head-on or approximately so and there is a risk of collision, the pilot-in-command of each aircraft shall alter its heading to the right. (6) An aircraft that is being overtaken has the right of way and the pilot-in-command of the overtaking aircraft, whether climbing, descending or in level flight, shall give way to the other aircraft by altering the heading of the overtaking aircraft to the right, and no subsequent change in the relative positions of the two aircraft shall absolve the pilot-in-command of the overtaking aircraft from this obligation until that aircraft has entirely passed and is clear of the other aircraft. (7) Where an aircraft is in flight or manoeuvring on the surface, the pilot-in-command of the aircraft shall give way to an aircraft that is landing or about to land. (8) The pilot-in-command of an aircraft that is approaching an aerodrome for the purpose of landing shall give way to any aircraft at a lower altitude that is also approaching the aerodrome for the purpose of landing. (9) The pilot-in-command of an aircraft at a lower altitude, as described in subsection (8), shall not overtake or cut in front of an aircraft at a higher altitude that is in the final stages of an approach to land. (10) No person shall conduct or attempt to conduct a take-off or landing in an aircraft until there is no apparent risk of collision with any aircraft, person, vessel, vehicle or structure in the take-off or landing path. SOR/2021-152, s. 19(E)
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 602.20
602.20 (1) Where an aircraft on the water has another aircraft or a vessel on its right, the pilot-in-command of the first-mentioned aircraft shall give way. (2) Where an aircraft on the water is approaching another aircraft or a vessel head-on, or approximately so, the pilot-in-command of the first-mentioned aircraft shall alter its heading to the right. (3) The pilot-in-command of an aircraft that is overtaking another aircraft or a vessel on the water shall alter its heading to keep well clear of the other aircraft or the vessel.
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 602.21
602.21 No person shall operate an aircraft in such proximity to another aircraft as to create a risk of collision.
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 602.22
602.22 No person shall operate an aeroplane that is towing an object unless the aeroplane is equipped with a tow hook and release control mechanism. SOR/2006-77, s. 7
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 602.23
602.23 No person shall create a hazard to persons or property on the surface by dropping an object from an aircraft in flight.
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 602.24
602.24 No person shall operate an aircraft in formation with other aircraft except by pre-arrangement between (a) the pilots-in-command of the aircraft; or (b) where the flight is conducted within a control zone, the pilots-in-command and the appropriate air traffic control unit.
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 602.25
602.25 (1) No person shall enter or leave an aircraft in flight except with the permission of the pilot-in-command of the aircraft. (2) No pilot-in-command of an aircraft shall permit a person to enter or leave the aircraft during flight unless (a) the person leaves for the purpose of making a parachute descent; (b) the entering or leaving is permitted under section 702.19; or (c) the flight is conducted in accordance with (i) a special flight operations certificate-special aviation event issued under section 603.02, or (ii) a special flight operations certificate issued under section 603.67. SOR/2006-77, s. 8
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 602.26
602.26 Except where permitted in accordance with section 603.37, no pilot-in-command of an aircraft shall permit, and no person shall conduct, a parachute descent from the aircraft (a) in or into controlled airspace or an air route; or (b) over or into a built-up area or an open-air assembly of persons.
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 602.27
602.27 No person operating an aircraft shall conduct aerobatic manoeuvres (a) over a built-up area or an open-air assembly of persons; (b) [Repealed, SOR/2019-119, s. 28] (c) when flight visibility is less than three miles; (d) below 2,000 feet AGL, except in accordance with a special flight operations certificate issued pursuant to section 603.02 or 603.67; (e) in any class of airspace that requires radio contact with air traffic services unless the appropriate unit that provides air traffic services is advised that aerobatic manoeuvres will be conducted; or (f) in Class A, B or C airspace or Class D Control Zones without prior co-ordination between the pilot-in-command and the air traffic control unit that provides air traffic control service in that airspace. SOR/2019-119, s. 28
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 602.28
602.28 No person operating an aircraft with a passenger on board shall conduct an aerobatic manoeuvre unless the pilot-in-command of the aircraft has engaged in (a) at least 10 hours dual flight instruction in the conducting of aerobatic manoeuvres or 20 hours conducting aerobatic manoeuvres; and (b) at least one hour of conducting aerobatic manoeuvres in the preceding six months.
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 602.30
602.30 No person shall jettison fuel from an aircraft in flight unless (a) it is necessary to do so in order to ensure aviation safety; and (b) all appropriate measures are taken to minimize danger to human life and damage to the environment, insofar as the circumstances permit. SOR/2025-98, s. 9(F)