GreatNorthCollective/greatnorth-canada-federal-laws-text huggingface dataset:
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 602.31
602.31 (1) Subject to subsection (3), the pilot-in command of an aircraft shall (a) comply with and acknowledge, to the appropriate air traffic control unit, all of the air traffic control instructions directed to and received by the pilot-in-command; and (b) comply with all of the air traffic control clearances received and accepted by the pilot-in-command and (i) subject to subsection (2), in the case of an IFR flight, read back to the appropriate air traffic control unit the text of any air traffic control clearance received, and (ii) in the case of a VFR flight, read back to the appropriate air traffic control unit the text of any air traffic control clearance received, when so requested by the air traffic control unit. (2) Except if requested to do so by an air traffic control unit, the pilot-in-command of an IFR aircraft is not required to read back the text of an air traffic control clearance pursuant to paragraph (1)(b)(i) where (a) the air traffic control clearance is received on the ground by the pilot-in-command before departing from a controlled aerodrome in respect of which a standard instrument departure procedure is specified in the Canada Air Pilot ; or (b) the receipt of the air traffic control clearance is acknowledged by the pilot-in-command by electronic means. (3) The pilot-in-command of an aircraft may deviate from an air traffic control clearance or an air traffic control instruction to the extent necessary to carry out a collision avoidance manoeuvre, if the manoeuvre is carried out (a) in accordance with a resolution advisory generated by an ACAS; or (b) in response to an alert from a TAWS or a Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS). (4) The pilot-in-command of an aircraft shall (a) as soon as possible after initiating the collision avoidance manoeuvre referred to in subsection (3), inform the appropriate air traffic control unit of the deviation; and (b) immediately after completing the collision avoidance manoeuvre referred to in subsection (3), comply with the last air traffic control clearance received and accepted by, or the last air traffic control instruction received and acknowledged by, the pilot-in-command. SOR/2012-136, s. 7
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 602.32
602.32 (1) Subject to subsection (2), no person shall (a) operate an aircraft at an indicated airspeed of more than 250 knots if the aircraft is below 10,000 feet ASL; or (b) operate an aircraft at an indicated airspeed of more than 200 knots if the aircraft is below 3,000 feet AGL within 10 nautical miles of a controlled aerodrome unless authorized to do so in an air traffic control clearance. (2) A person may operate an aircraft at an indicated airspeed greater than the airspeeds referred to in subsection (1) if the aircraft is being operated in accordance with a special flight operations certificate – special aviation event issued pursuant to section 603.02. (3) If the minimum safe airspeed for the flight configuration of an aircraft is greater than the airspeed referred to in subsection (1), the aircraft shall be operated at the minimum safe airspeed. SOR/2010-219, s. 2
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 602.33
602.33 No person shall operate an aircraft at a true Mach number of 1 or greater.
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 602.34
602.34 (1) The appropriate cruising altitude or cruising flight level for an aircraft in level cruising flight is determined in accordance with (a) the magnetic track, in the Southern Domestic Airspace; and (b) the true track, in the Northern Domestic Airspace. (2) Subject to subsection (3), the pilot-in-command of an aircraft shall ensure that the aircraft is operated at a cruising altitude or cruising flight level appropriate to the track, as set out in the table to this section, unless the pilot-in-command is assigned another altitude or flight level by an air traffic control unit and the aircraft is operated in level cruising flight (a) at more than 3,000 feet AGL, in VFR flight; or (b) in IFR flight. (3) Subsection (2) does not apply where an aircraft is operated for the purpose of aerial survey or mapping and the following conditions are met: (a) the pilot-in-command of the aircraft contacts the appropriate air traffic control unit as far in advance as possible of the proposed flight; (b) the pilot-in-command of the aircraft provides, as far in advance as possible of the proposed take-off time of the aircraft, to any air traffic control unit that so requests, a topographical map at either a 1:500 000 or a 1:1 000 000 scale of the area to be surveyed or mapped, with proposed tracks and planned entry and exit points clearly delineated on the map; (c) the pilot-in-command of the aircraft files a flight plan or flight itinerary with an air traffic control unit as far in advance as possible of the proposed take-off time of the aircraft; (d) the flight plan or flight itinerary referred to in paragraph (c) specifies the area to be surveyed or mapped (i) by reference to the relevant maps of the National Topographic System, (ii) by reference to the geographic co-ordinates of the area, or (iii) where required by an air traffic control unit, by reference to the air photograph block reference grid map provided by the air traffic control unit; and (e) where the aircraft is operated in controlled airspace, it is operated in accordance with an air traffic control clearance. TABLE Cruising Altitudes and Cruising Flight Levels Appropriate to Aircraft Track TRACK 000° — 179° TRACK 180° — 359° Column I Column II Column III Column IV IFR VFR IFR VFR 1,000 - Cruising Altitudes or Cruising Flight Levels — 18,000 feet and below 2,000 - 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500 5,000 5,500 6,000 6,500 7,000 7,500 8,000 8,500 9,000 9,500 10,000 10,500 11,000 11,500 12,000 12,500 13,000 13,500 14,000 14,500 15,000 15,500 16,000 16,500 17,000 17,500 IFR & CVFR IFR & CVFR NON-RVSM RVSM NON-RVSM RVSM 190 190 Cruising Flight Levels — 180 to 590 180 180 210 210 200 200 230 230 220 220 250 250 240 240 270 270 260 260 290 290 280 280 330 310 310 300 370 330 350 320 410 350 RVSM 390 340 450 370 1,000 feet separation 430 360 490 390 between FL290–FL410 470 380 530 410 510 400 570 450 550 430 490 590 470 530 510 570 550 590 SOR/2019-119, s. 29
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 602.35
602.35 When an aircraft is operated in the altimeter-setting region, each flight crew member who occupies a flight crew member position that is equipped with an altimeter shall (a) immediately before conducting a take-off from an aerodrome, set the altimeter to the altimeter setting of the aerodrome or, if that altimeter setting is not obtainable, to the elevation of the aerodrome; (b) while in flight, set the altimeter to the altimeter setting of the nearest station along the route of flight or, where the nearest stations along the route of flight are separated by more than 150 nautical miles, to the altimeter setting of a station near the route of flight; and (c) immediately before commencing a descent for the purpose of landing at an aerodrome, set the altimeter to the altimeter setting of the aerodrome, if that altimeter setting is obtainable.
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 602.36
602.36 (1) When an aircraft is operated in the standard pressure region, each flight crew member who occupies a flight crew member position that is equipped with an altimeter shall (a) immediately before conducting a take-off from an aerodrome, set the altimeter to the altimeter setting of the aerodrome or, if that altimeter setting is not obtainable, to the elevation of the aerodrome; (b) before reaching the flight level at which the flight is to be conducted, set the altimeter to 29.92 inches of mercury or 1,013.2 millibars; and (c) immediately before commencing a descent for the purpose of landing at an aerodrome, set the altimeter to the altimeter setting of the aerodrome, if that altimeter setting is obtainable. (2) Despite paragraph (1)(c), when a holding procedure is being conducted before landing at an aerodrome located in the standard pressure region, each flight crew member who occupies a flight crew member position that is equipped with an altimeter shall set the altimeter to the altimeter setting of the aerodrome immediately before descending below the lowest flight level at which the holding procedure is conducted. SOR/2021-152, s. 19(E)
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 602.37
602.37 Except where otherwise authorized by an air traffic control unit, each flight crew member who occupies a flight crew member position that is equipped with an altimeter shall (a) when flying from the altimeter-setting region into the standard pressure region, set the altimeter to 29.92 inches of mercury or 1,013.2 millibars immediately after the aircraft’s entry into the standard pressure region; and (b) when flying from the standard pressure region into the altimeter-setting region, set the altimeter to the altimeter setting of the nearest station along the route of flight or, where the nearest stations along the route of flight are separated by more than 150 nautical miles, the altimeter setting of a station near the route of flight immediately before the aircraft’s entry into the altimeter-setting region.
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 602.38
602.38 The pilot-in-command of a Canadian aircraft that is in flight over the high seas shall comply with the applicable Rules of the Air set out in Annex 2 to the Convention and the applicable Regional Supplementary Procedures set out in Document 7030/4 of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 602.39
602.39 No pilot-in-command of a single-engined aircraft, or of a multi-engined aircraft that would be unable to maintain flight in the event of the failure of any engine, shall commence a flight that will leave Canadian Domestic Airspace and enter airspace over the high seas unless (a) the pilot-in-command holds a pilot licence endorsed with an instrument rating; (b) the aircraft is equipped with (i) the equipment referred to in section 605.18, (ii) a high frequency radio capable of transmitting and receiving on a minimum of two appropriate international air-ground general purpose frequencies, and (iii) hypothermia protection for each person on board; and (c) the aircraft carries sufficient fuel to meet the requirements of section 602.88 and, in addition, carries contingency fuel equal to at least 10 per cent of the fuel required pursuant to section 602.88 to complete the flight to the aerodrome of destination.
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 602.40
602.40 (1) Subject to subsection (2), no person shall conduct a landing or a take-off in a heavier-than-air aircraft at night at an aerodrome unless the aerodrome is lighted in accordance with the aerodrome lighting requirements specified in Part III. (2) A person may conduct a landing or a take-off in a heavier-than-air aircraft at night at an aerodrome that is not lighted in accordance with the requirements referred to in subsection (1) where (a) the flight is conducted without creating a hazard to persons or property on the surface; and (b) the aircraft is operated (i) for the purpose of a police operation that is conducted in the service of a police authority, or (ii) for the purpose of saving human life.
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 602.42
602.42 No person shall release an unoccupied free balloon having a gas-carrying capacity of more than 115 cubic feet (3.256 m 3 ) except in accordance with an authorization issued by the Minister pursuant to section 602.44.
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 602.43
602.43 No person shall launch a rocket, other than a model rocket or a rocket of a type used in a fireworks display, except in accordance with an authorization issued by the Minister pursuant to section 602.44.
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 602.44
602.44 The Minister may issue an authorization referred to in section 602.42 or 602.43 where the release of the balloon or the launch of the rocket is in the public interest and is not likely to affect aviation safety.
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 602.45
602.45 No person shall fly a kite or launch a model rocket or a rocket of a type used in a fireworks display into cloud or in a manner that is or is likely to be hazardous to aviation safety. SOR/2019-11, s. 17
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 602.46
602.46 No air operator or private operator shall transport a person if at the time of check-in or at boarding the actions or statements of the person indicate that the person may present a risk to the safety of the aircraft, persons or property. SOR/2009-90, s. 3
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 602.47
602.47 A private operator or an air operator, as the case may be, shall provide a flight crew member with suitable accommodation for rest periods away from home base. SOR/2018-269, s. 6
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 602.57
602.57 This Division applies to persons operating (a) Canadian aircraft; and (b) foreign aircraft in Canada where those persons are Canadian citizens, permanent residents or corporations incorporated by or under the laws of Canada or a province.
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 602.58
602.58 No person shall operate an aircraft referred to in section 602.57 unless the operational and emergency equipment required by these Regulations is carried on board.
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 602.59
602.59 (1) Subject to subsection (2), no person shall operate an aircraft unless the operational and emergency equipment carried on board the aircraft (a) meets the applicable standards specified in the Airworthiness Manual ; and (b) is functional. (2) Paragraph (1)(a) does not apply in respect of the following operational and emergency equipment: (a) survival equipment; (b) [Repealed, SOR/2019-49, s. 3] (c) a hand-held fire extinguisher, except if carried on board an aircraft operated under Subpart 4 or Part VII, where the extinguisher meets the applicable standards published by the Canadian Standards Association; (d) a first aid kit; (e) aeronautical charts and publications; (f) a timepiece; and (g) a flashlight. SOR/2019-49, s. 3 SOR/2020-151, s. 12
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 602.60
602.60 (1) No person shall conduct a take-off in a power-driven aircraft, other than an ultra-light aeroplane, unless the following operational and emergency equipment is carried on board: (a) a checklist or placards that enable the aircraft to be operated in accordance with limitations specified in the aircraft flight manual, aircraft operating manual, pilot operating handbook or any equivalent document provided by the manufacturer; (b) all of the necessary current aeronautical charts and publications covering the route of the proposed flight and any probable diversionary route, if the aircraft is operated in VFR OTT, night VFR flight or IFR flight; (c) a current database, if the aircraft is operated in IFR flight, in VFR OTT flight or in night VFR flight under Subpart 4 of Part VI or Subpart 2, 3, 4 or 5 of Part VII and database-dependent navigation equipment is used; (d) current data covering the route of the proposed flight and any probable diversionary route, if the aircraft is operated in VFR OTT flight other than VFR OTT flight referred to in paragraph (c) and database-dependent navigation equipment is used; (e) a hand-held fire extinguisher in the cockpit that (i) is of a type suitable for extinguishing fires that are likely to occur, (ii) is designed to minimize the hazard of toxic gas concentrations, and (iii) is readily available to each flight crew member; (f) a timepiece that is readily available to each flight crew member and that displays the time in hours, minutes and seconds; (g) a flashlight that is readily available to each crew member, if the aircraft is operated at night; and (h) a first aid kit. (2) A checklist or placards referred to in paragraph (1)(a) shall enable the aircraft to be operated in normal, abnormal and emergency conditions and shall include (a) a pre-start check; (b) a pre-take-off check; (c) a post-take-off check; (d) a pre-landing check; and (e) emergency procedures. (3) Emergency procedures referred to in paragraph (2)(e) shall include (a) emergency operation of fuel, hydraulic, electrical and mechanical systems, where applicable; (b) emergency operation of instruments and controls, where applicable; (c) engine inoperative procedures; and (d) any other procedure that is necessary for aviation safety. (4) Checks and emergency procedures referred to in subsections (2) and (3) shall be performed and followed where they are applicable. SOR/2006-77, s. 9; SOR/2015-160, s. 27(F) SOR/2020-151, s. 13
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 602.61
602.61 (1) Subject to subsection (2), no person shall operate an aircraft over land unless there is carried on board survival equipment, sufficient for the survival on the ground of each person on board, given the geographical area, the season of the year and anticipated seasonal climatic variations, that provides the means for (a) starting a fire; (b) providing shelter; (c) providing or purifying water; and (d) visually signalling distress. (2) Subsection (1) does not apply in respect of (a) a balloon, a glider, a hang glider, a gyroplane or an ultra-light aeroplane; (b) an aircraft that is operated within 25 nautical miles of the aerodrome of departure and that has the capability of radiocommunication with a surface-based radio station for the duration of the flight; (c) a multi-engined aircraft that is operated south of 66° 30’ north latitude (i) in IFR flight within controlled airspace, or (ii) along designated air routes; (d) an aircraft that is operated by an air operator, where the aircraft is equipped with equipment specified in the air operator’s company operations manual, but not with the equipment required by subsection (1); or (e) an aircraft that is operated in a geographical area where and at a time of year when the survival of the persons on board is not jeopardized.
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 602.62
602.62 (1) No person shall conduct a take-off or a landing on water in an aircraft or operate an aircraft over water beyond a point where the aircraft could reach shore in the event of an engine failure, unless a life preserver, individual flotation device or personal flotation device is carried for each person on board. (2) No person shall operate a land aeroplane, gyroplane, helicopter or airship at more than 50 nautical miles from shore unless a life preserver is carried for each person on board. (3) No person shall operate a balloon at more than two nautical miles from shore unless a life preserver, individual flotation device or personal flotation device is carried for each person on board. (4) Subject to subsection (5), for aircraft other than balloons, every life preserver, individual flotation device and personal flotation device referred to in this section shall be stowed in a position that is easily accessible to the person for whose use it is provided, when that person is seated. (5) In cases where infant life preservers are carried on board an aircraft operated with flight attendants on board, the infant life preservers may be stowed in bulk in a location that is easily accessible to the flight attendants if (a) the location is adjacent to a ditching emergency exit and is clearly marked as the stowage location for infant life preservers; and (b) the operator has established procedures that require flight attendants to distribute an infant life preserver to each passenger responsible for an infant when preparing for a ditching. SOR/2020-253, s. 4
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 602.63
 that is a threat to the safety of persons and (i) the helicopter is a transport category rotorcraft, in respect of which a type certificate has been issued, that meets the requirements of Chapter 529 — Transport Category Rotorcraft of the Airworthiness Manual that are applicable to Category A rotorcraft, (ii) there is insufficient time before the flight to acquire a helicopter passenger transportation suit system of the appropriate size for each passenger, and (iii) there is a crew member in the cabin for the duration of the flight who is trained to assist passengers in an emergency evacuation in the event of a landing in water and who is able to come to the assistance of passengers; or (b) there is a medical reason that prevents a passenger from wearing a helicopter passenger transportation suit system. (10) A passenger who is not wearing a helicopter passenger transportation suit system for a reason referred to in subparagraph (9)(a)(ii) or paragraph (9)(b) shall be provided with a life preserver and the pilot-in-command shall direct the passenger to wear the life preserver for the duration of the flight if they are physically and medically able to do so. SOR/2015-84, s. 3 SOR/2019-122, s. 4(F) SOR/2022-267, s. 21
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 602.64
602.64 (1) Subject to section 602.65, no person shall dispatch or conduct a take-off in a helicopter to conduct an offshore operations flight if the pilot-in-command or the air operator is aware that the sea state at any point along the planned route exceeds the sea state for which the helicopter is able to conduct a ditching, according to the type certificate issued for its type design. (2) An air operator who uses a helicopter to conduct an offshore operations flight shall notify the pilot-in-command if, at take-off or during the flight, the air operator is or becomes aware that the sea state at any point along the planned route between the position of the helicopter and the destination exceeds the sea state for which the helicopter is certified, as part of its type design, to conduct a ditching. (3) If the pilot-in-command of a helicopter who is conducting an offshore operations flight is or becomes aware that the sea state at any point along the planned route between the position of the helicopter and the destination exceeds the sea state for which the helicopter is certified, as part of its type design, to conduct a ditching, the pilot-in-command shall, subject to section 602.65, proceed directly to a land base. SOR/2015-84, s. 4 SOR/2022-267, s. 22
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 602.65
602.65 Subsections 602.64(1) and (3) do not apply in respect of an offshore operations flight conducted for the purpose of responding to an emergency. SOR/2015-84, s. 4
Canadian Aviation Regulations — 602.70
602.70 In this Division, overdue , in respect of an aircraft, means an aircraft for which an arrival report has not been filed (a) where a flight plan has been filed in respect of the aircraft, (i) if a search and rescue notification time is specified in the flight plan, immediately after the last reported such time, or (ii) in all other cases, within one hour after the last reported estimated time of arrival, or (b) where a flight itinerary has been filed in respect of the aircraft, (i) if a search and rescue notification time is specified in the flight itinerary, immediately after the last reported such time, or (ii) in all other cases, within 24 hours after the last reported estimated time of arrival; ( en retard ) responsible person means an individual who has agreed with the person who has filed a flight itinerary to ensure that the following are notified in the manner prescribed in this Division, if the aircraft is overdue, namely, (a) an air traffic services unit or a community aerodrome radio station, or (b) a Rescue Co-ordination Centre. ( personne de confiance ) SOR/2025-98, s. 26
Canadian Aviation Regulations — (a)
overdue , in respect of an aircraft, means an aircraft for which an arrival report has not been filed (a) where a flight plan has been filed in respect of the aircraft, (i) if a search and rescue notification time is specified in the flight plan, immediately after the last reported such time, or (ii) in all other cases, within one hour after the last reported estimated time of arrival, or (b) where a flight itinerary has been filed in respect of the aircraft, (i) if a search and rescue notification time is specified in the flight itinerary, immediately after the last reported such time, or (ii) in all other cases, within 24 hours after the last reported estimated time of arrival; ( en retard )