Geraldine/hal_univcotedazur_shs_articles_2013-2023 huggingface dataset:
Introduction - Territoire(s) et Numérique,Territory(ies) and Digital
Auteurs : Cyrille Genre-Grandpierre,Claude Lacour
Revue : Revue d'économie régionale et urbaine
Éditeur : Armand Colin
Année : 2023

La « révolution numérique » actuelle\, en rendant l’information disponible en temps réel et les interactions spatiales et sociales beaucoup moins dépendantes de la distance physique\, bouleverse-t-elle réellement la façon de vivre\, de produire et de gouverner les territoires\, ou ne conduit-elle qu’à un renforcement de tendances déjà anciennes\, à l’image du développement du télétravail ou des e-services\, et par conséquent à un modeste renouvellement des préoccupations classiques des sciences régionales : création destructrice d’emplois\, rationalisation des moyens\, inégalités de développement économique\, etc. ? Pour les sciences régionales\, fondamentalement\, la révolution numérique n’est-elle une révolution que pour ce qui concerne les impacts sociétaux et territoriaux actuels\, et surtout à venir\, liés au développement de l’intelligence artificielle ? Telles sont les questions abordées dans ce texte qui replace la thématique Territoire(s) et Numérique du colloque de 2021 de l’ASRDLF d’Avignon dans une perspective historique.,Today’s “digital revolution” is making information available in real time and spatial and social interactions much less dependent on physical distance. But is it really creating a revolution in our ways of living\, of producing\, of building\, and of governing territories\, or is it fundamentally only leading to a reinforcement of trends which are already well-established\, such as the development of remote working\, of e-services\, of e-commerce (and of the local logistics which is one of the consequences)\, the multiplication of places dedicated to the emergence of innovation\, etc.\, reinforcement that would go together with a slight renewal of the classical concerns of regional sciences: job-destroying creations\, rationalisation of means\, inequalities in economic development and in the ability to innovate\, etc.? For regional sciences\, is the digital revolution really a revolution\, so far still at the gestation stage\, just for current and future societal and territorial impacts linked to the development of artificial intelligence\, and unequally affecting populations and territories? Will AI strengthen or on the contrary lead to upheavals in structures\, interactions\, and spatial and social practices? Such are the questions examined in this text\, which gives a historical perspective to the notion of Digital Territories and the theme Territory(ies) and Digital\, title of the 2021 ASRDLF colloquium that was held in Avignon.

Mots-clés : Sciences régionales,Révolution numérique,Inégalités de développement,Intelligence artificielle
Calculative and relational trust in the management of coastal floods and earthquakes: a comparative study,Confianza calculativa y relacional en la gestión de inundaciones costeras y terremotos: un estudio comparativo
Auteurs : Raquel Bertoldo,Rocco Tanga,Pierre Dias,Séverin Guignard,Alexandra Schleyer-Lindenmann
Revue : PsyEcology. Revista Bilingüe de Psicología Ambiental / Bilingual Journal of Environmental Psychology
Éditeur : Taylor & Francis
Année : 2020

Local communities have perfectioned their knowledge about their environments for generations. Considering modern management dynamics and the changing characteristics of their immediate environments\, local communities must trust the authorities' management of these risks. However different types of risks expose these communities. This article proposes a comparative analysis of local trust dynamics between a locality in the French coast exposed to flood risks; and a town in inner Italy exposed to earthquake risks. The study focuses on how participants express calculative or relational trust through interviews. Results show that French participants consider the local risks of coastal floods to be minimal. In this sense they trust local authorities with the ability to manage these situations\, even if generalised concerns over relational trust are also expressed. In Italy local inhabitants express a high awareness of earthquake risks. But the lack of preventive action from local authorities is associated with the expression of low calculative and relational trust.,Las comunidades locales han perfeccionado el conocimiento sobre su medio a lo largo de generaciones. Teniendo en cuenta las dinámicas de gestión modernas\, y las cambiantes características de sus medios inmediatos\, las comunidades locales deben tener confianza en la gestión de estos riesgos por parte de las autoridades. Sin embargo\, estas comunidades están expuestas a diferentes tipos de riesgo. El presente artículo propone un análisis comparativo de las dinámicas de confianza locales entre una localidad de la costa francesa expuesta a riesgo de inundaciones\, y un pueblo en el interior de Italia expuesto a riesgos sísmicos. El estudio se centra en la forma en que los participantes manifiestan confianza calculativa o relacional a lo largo de las entrevistas. Los resultados muestran que los participantes franceses consideran que los riesgos de inundaciones costeras locales son mínimos. En este sentido\, confían en la capacidad de las autoridades locales para gestionar estas situaciones\, aunque expresan preocupaciones generales sobre la confianza relacional. En Italia\, los habitantes locales manifiestan un alto nivel de conciencia sobre los riesgos sísmicos. Pero la falta de acciones preventivas por parte de las autoridades locales se asocia con una baja confianza calculativa y relacional.
Building Urban Climate Change Adaptation Strategies: The Case of Russian Arctic Cities
Auteurs : Nikolai Bobylev,Sébastien Gadal,Valery Konyshev,Maria Lagutina,Alexander Sergunin
Revue : Weather, Climate, and Society
Éditeur : American Meteorological Society
Année : 2021

The Russian Arctic is a highly urbanized region\, with most towns built in the Soviet era to facilitate extraction industries as well as provide and maintain military facilities. Global environmental and developmental changes\, as well as national political decisions\, open up Russia’s the Arctic to massive investment\, industrial and socio-economic development. How do Russian Arctic cities\, towns\, and municipalities reflect on new opportunities in terms of designing their climate change adaptation strategies at a local level? Starting with a theoretical discourse on urban climate change adaptation strategy\, this research examines state-of-the-art\, challenges and trends in planning for adaptation measures in Russia’s Arctic industrial centers. Special attention is given to a comparative analysis of the cities’ climate change adaptation strategies. The role of civil society institutions and the business communities in the adaptation strategy planning process is explored. Moreover\, conflict-sensitive approaches to ensure participatory processes for designing and implementing adaptation measures are discussed. The field component of research is based on cities of Apatity\, Arkhangelsk\, Murmansk\, Norilsk\, Salekhard\, Severodvinsk\, and towns of Monchegorsk\, Nickel\, and Vorkuta. The study concludes that in spite of significant challenges identified\, the total “balance sheet” of the Arctic cities’ efforts to enhance their adaptive capacities is quite positive: Russian northern urban settlements do their best in addressing existing challenges via a planning for sustainability approach. However\, there is more to do and municipalities should learn from one another’s experiences\, as the different approaches can be helpful in developing adequate climate change adaptation strategies at the local level.
Les transformations morphologiques du tissu bâti de Beyrouth depuis 1950 - Analyse morpho-dynamique à échelle fine
Auteurs : Rita Zaarour,Christine Voiron-Canicio
Revue : Méditerranée : revue géographique des pays méditerranéens
Éditeur : Presses universitaires de Provence (PUP)
Année : 2020

This article presents an urban analysis methodology of Beirut-municipality’s buildings. This allows to contextualize the buildings transformations in a spatio-temporal trajectory starting from the mid-1950s\, and to distinguish recent evolutions of the urban morphology from those operating previously on the long term. In order to achieve this goal\, an un-precedented approach to the spatio-morphological information was carried out on a fine scale. The analysis results highlight the general trends over the last fifty years\, as well as the specific geographical features that result from both constant transformation of the city and post-civil war reconstruction. The results also highlight the consequences of the buildings morphological evolution on the current vulnerability to earthquakes-a major risk for Beirut.,Cet article présente une méthode d’analyse du bâti de Beyrouth-municipe permettant de resituer les transformations du bâti dans une trajectoire spatio-temporelle débutant au milieu des années 1950\, et de distinguer ainsi\, les évolutions récentes de celles opérant sur le temps long. Pour parvenir à cet objectif\, une démarche inédite de création de l’information spatio-morphologique a été réalisée à une échelle fine. Les analyses dégagent les tendances générales opérées sur les cinquante dernières années\, ainsi que les spécificités géographiques qui résultent à la fois de la transformation incessante de la ville et de la reconstruction de l’après-guerre civile. Elles soulignent en outre\, les conséquences de l’évolution morphologique du bâti sur la vulnérabilité actuelle face aux séismes considérés comme un risque majeur pour la ville de Beyrouth.

Mots-clés : Beyrouth,Morphologie urbaine,Tissu bâti,Modèle morphologique,Morpho-dynamique du bâti,Intra-urbain,Ville-centre,Analyse d’images
Alerting people prioritising territories over technologies. A design framework for local decision makers in France
Auteurs : Esteban Bopp,Johnny Douvinet
Revue : Applied Geography
Éditeur : Elsevier
Année : 2022

Public alerting is a major challenge in a world where risks and communication modes are constantly evolving. Since a few years\, new massive alerting tools geolocating the population in real time (Cell Broadcast or Location-Based SMS) have been deployed at national level in several countries. However\, this evolution does not always reach with local needs. Decision-makers can use a wide multiplicity of tools and this can induce vulnerability differences from one territory to another. To help decision makers in their choice of equipment\, this study proposes a Spatial Decision Support System and applied it in 40 various French municipalities in order to observe how 13 alerting tools are adapted (or not) to the characteristics of the municipalities. Early findings highlighted a great diversity of adapted tools between municipalities and within municipalities\, in different alert zones. Alerting tool equipment must be considered at an infra-municipal scale to fully consider the diversity of alert zones. The greater the number of inhabitants\, the more diverse the alerting tools needed. Also\, few tools are suitable for municipalities with a low population and poor access to telecommunication networks. Finally\, as tools geolocating individuals are suitable for highly populated municipalities\, such national equipment shall not be used on small alert zones involving few individuals.
Analysis of the landscape structure of the eastern slope of the Orulgan Ridge
Auteurs : Moisei Ivanovich Zakharov,Yuri Danilov,Sébastien Gadal,Elena Troeva,M Cherosov
Revue : International Research Journal
Éditeur : Publishing house Sokolova M.V.
Année : 2022

В данной статье рассматривается пространственная организация мерзлотных ландшафтов на восточном склоне хребта Орулган в районе озера Булгунняхтах. Исследование основано на комплексном физико-географическом описании фаций и анализе различных картографических и литературных источников. По результатам исследования составлена крупномасштабная мерзлотная ландшафтная карта\, на которой выделено 10 субсайтов\, определяющих структурно-генетическую сложность пространственной организации мерзлотных ландшафтов. Ведущим фактором разнообразия морфологической структуры высотных и интразональных ландшафтов является латеральный энерго- и массоперенос\, обусловленный\, в том числе\, развитием криогенных процессов. Обобщая полученные результаты\, следует отметить\, что в хребте Орулган в пределах отдельных участков водосборного бассейна прослеживаются функционально целостные парадинамические единицы.,This article discusses the spatial organization of permafrost landscapes on the eastern slope of the Orulgan ridge in the area of lake Bulgunnyakhtakh. The study was based on a comprehensive physical and geographical description of facies and on the analysis of various cartographic and literary sources. Based on the results of the study\, a large-scale permafrost landscape map was compiled\, where 10 sub-sites were identified that determine the structural and genetic complexity of the spatial organization of permafrost landscapes. The leading factor in the diversity of the morphological structure of high-altitude and intrazonal landscapes is lateral energy and mass transfer\, which is caused\, among other things\, by the development of cryogenic processes. Summarizing the results obtained\, it should be noted that in the Orulgan ridge\, functionally integral para-dynamic units are traced within certain sections of the drainage basin.
Ultra-Light Aircraft-Based Hyperspectral and Colour-Infrared Imaging to Identify Deciduous Tree Species in an Urban Environment
Auteurs : Gintautas Mozgeris,Vytautė Juodkienė,Donatas Jonikavičius,Lina Straigytė,Sébastien Gadal,Walid Ouerghemmi
Revue : Remote Sensing
Éditeur : MDPI
Année : 2018

One may consider the application of remote sensing as a trade-off between the imaging platforms\, sensors\, and data gathering and processing techniques. This study addresses the potential of hyperspectral imaging using ultra-light aircraft for vegetation species mapping in an urban environment\, exploring both the engineering and scientific aspects related to imaging platform design and image classification methods. An imaging system based on simultaneous use of Rikola frame format hyperspectral and Nikon D800E adopted colour infrared cameras installed onboard a Bekas X32 manned ultra-light aircraft is introduced. Two test imaging flight missions were conducted in July of 2015 and September of 2016 over a 4000 ha area in Kaunas City\, Lithuania. Sixteen and 64 spectral bands in 2015 and 2016\, respectively\, in a spectral range of 500-900 nm were recorded with colour infrared images. Three research questions were explored assessing the identification of six deciduous tree species: (1) Pre-treatment of spectral features for classification\, (2) testing five conventional machine learning classifiers\, and (3) fusion of hyperspectral and colour infrared images. Classification performance was assessed by applying leave-one-out cross-validation at the individual crown level and using as a reference at least 100 field inventoried trees for each species. The best-performing classification algorithm-multilayer perceptron\, using all spectral properties extracted from the hyperspectral images-resulted in a moderate classification accuracy. The overall classification accuracy was 63%\, Cohen's Kappa was 0.54\, and the species-specific classification accuracies were in the range of 51-72%. Hyperspectral images resulted in significantly better tree species classification ability than the colour infrared images and simultaneous use of spectral properties extracted from hyperspectral and colour infrared images improved slightly the accuracy over the 2015 image. Even though classifications using hyperspectral data cubes of 64 bands resulted in relatively larger accuracies than with 16 bands\, classification error matrices were not statistically different. Alternative imaging platforms (like an unmanned aerial vehicle and a Cessna 172 aircraft) and settings of the flights were discussed using simulated imaging projects assuming the same study area and field of application. Ultra-light aircraft-based hyperspectral and colour-infrared imaging was considered to be a technically and economically sound solution for urban green space inventories to facilitate tree mapping\, characterization\, and monitoring.
FROM RISK TO LEGISLATIVE INNOVATION: THE TRAJECTORY OF MARINE SUBMERSION THROUGH THE FRENCH MEDIA
Auteurs : Solveig Lelaurain,Séverin Guignard,Alexandra Schleyer-Lindenmann,Raquel Bertoldo
Revue : Environmental Communication
Année : 2021

Storm Xynthia (2010) brought to the fore marine submersion as a great concern to French authorities and communities. This storm illustrates how a single major event can have long lasting effects on climate risk management. To discern this effect\, we conduct two studies analysing the emergence and evolution of concerns related to marine submersion in French national and regional newspapers prior to and after the storm (2005-2018). In Study 1\, we examine trends in issue coverage and how ‘marine submersion’ was appropriated by French media discourse over the selected period\, identifying and segmenting specific topical sequences. In Study 2\, a computer-assisted content analysis of 260 articles highlights a dichotomy of themes before and after Storm Xynthia. Articles published prior to Xynthia (2005-2009) warned of marine submersion among the expected impacts of climate change. Those published just after Xynthia (2010-2013) present highly structured and technical descriptions of national risk management policies. In recent years (2014-2018)\, articles focus on local stakeholders’ challenge to national risk management policies\, described as too far removed from local dynamics. Our studies reveal the emergence and amplification\, via public debate in French newspaper media\, of ‘marine submersion’ as a hazard\, and the objectification of the risk through Storm Xynthia.
Vegetation cover analysis of the mountainous part of north-eastern Siberia by means of geoinformation modelling and machine learning (basic principles\, approaches\, technology and relation to geosystem science)
Auteurs : Moisey Zakharov,Mikhail Cherosov,Elena Troeva,Sébastien Gadal
Revue : BIO Web of Conferences
Éditeur : EDP Sciences
Année : 2021

For the first time\, the geoinformation modelling and machine learning approaches have been used to study the vegetation cover of the mountainous part of North-Eastern Siberia – the Orulgan medium-altitude mountain landscape province. These technologies allowed us to distinguish a number of mapping units that were used for creation and analysis of 1:100 000 scale vegetation map of the interpreted key area. Based on the studies\, we decided upon the basic principles\, approaches and technologies that would serve as a methodology basis for the further studies of vegetation cover of the large region. Relief\, slope aspect\, genetic types of sediments\, and moisture conditions were selected as supplementary factors to the vegetative indices for differentiation of both plant communities and vegetation map units.
Mapping Change Detection of LULC on the Cameroonian Shores of Lake Chad and its Hinterland through an Inter-Seasonal and Multisensor Approach
Auteurs : Paul Gérard Gbetkom,Sébastien Gadal,Ahmed El Aboudi,Alfred Homère Ngandam Mfondoum,Mamane Barkawi Mansour Badamassi
Revue : International Journal of Advanced Remote Sensing and GIS
Année : 2018

The aim of this study is to assess the land use/land cover (LULC) inter-seasonal changes along the Cameroonian shores of Lake Chad and its hinterland using the four generations of Landsat sensors images of MSS\, TM\, ETM+ and OLI. Identification of land use/land cover inter-seasonal changes is based on classification by Support Vector Machines (SVMs) algorithm. Three major spatial classes of objects are identified: open water\, vegetation and marshlands\, and bare soils. The results show that\, bare soils class has the higher rate\, and can reach 67.57% of the study area extent. Moreover\, land use/land cover change from one season to another or from one decade to another can be closely linked to evolution of climate conditions. Then open water areas vary little with rate of 1.94% and 7.6% for inter-seasonal changes\, and rate of 5.62% and 63.05% for inter-annual changes. Compared to open water\, vegetation and marshlands has the most important variation\, that is 583.59%. In addition\, proportions of bare soils that vary are different between dry seasons and rainy seasons\, with a lower and a higher rate of 5.38% and 82.8%. This leads to the conclusion that occupation in the study area is dominated by bare soils principally; occupation class that is most affected by changes is vegetation and marshlands followed by bare soils and then open water and marshlands.
A Machine Learning Approach to Study the Relationship between Features of the Urban Environment and Street Value
Auteurs : Alessandro Venerandi,Giovanni Fusco,Andrea G. B. Tettamanzi,David Emsellem
Revue : Urban Science
Éditeur : MDPI
Année : 2019

Understanding what aspects of the urban environment are associated with better socioeconomic/liveability outcomes is a long standing research topic. Several quantitative studies have investigated such relationships. However\, most of such works analysed single correlations\, thus failing to obtain a more complete picture of how the urban environment can contribute to explain the observed phenomena. More recently\, multivariate models have been suggested. However\, they use a limited set of metrics\, propose a coarse spatial unit of analysis\, and assume linearity and independence among regressors. In this paper\, we propose a quantitative methodology to study the relationship between a more comprehensive set of metrics of the urban environment and the valorisation of street segments that handles non-linearity and possible interactions among variables\, through the use of Machine Learning (ML). The proposed methodology was tested on the French Riviera and outputs show a moderate predictive capacity (i.e.\, adjusted R 2 = 0.75) and insightful explanations on the nuanced relationships between selected features of the urban environment and street values. These findings are clearly location specific; however\, the methodology is replicable and can thus inspire future research of this kind in different geographic contexts.