Geraldine/hal_univcotedazur_shs_articles_2013-2023 huggingface dataset:
Legal aspects related to digital twin
Auteurs : Marina Teller
Revue : Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences
Éditeur : Royal Society, The
Année : 2021

The creation of digital replicas of individuals\, based on their data\, gives birth to what experts in medical field called the ‘personal digital twin’. This new ‘digital self’ raises many difficulties\, in sociology\, in science and in law. This article presents the main issues from a legal point of view. Most of the structuring concepts of the law are questioned by these special symbiotic systems: the concept of person\, identity\, entitlement to rights and obligations\, legal capacity\, liability\, data processing\, etc. All these notions\, which are rooted in the legal tradition\, are correlated to the human person and must therefore be profoundly adapted to apply to the digital twin. It is a new experience: the law must devise concepts to take account of an entity that is halfway between people and things. We see this as an opportunity to rethink the legal framework and to consider the advent of future digital human rights. This questioning\, barely sketched here\, aims to make the law evolve towards a better consideration of symbiotic systems. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Towards symbiotic autonomous systems’.
Taxis vs VTC: la guerre concurrentielle a-t-elle eu lieu?
Auteurs : Walid Chaiehloudj
Revue : Concurrences [Competition law journal / Revue des droits de la concurrence]
Éditeur : Thomson Transactive [2004-2009] -  Institut de droit de la concurrence [2009-....]
Année : 2022

Quel bilan concurrentiel pour Emmanuel Macron\, Ministre de l’Economie puis Président de la République ? Il est remarquable qu’Emmanuel Macron a eu une volonté réformatrice très forte en droit de la concurrence\, et de la distribution\, en ouvrant les marchés (professions réglementées\, transport par car\, transport ferroviaire…)\, en protégeant les opérateurs les plus faibles (agriculteurs\, membres des réseaux de distribution quand ils sont soumis à des clauses trop restrictives\, …)\, et à présent\, en voulant réindustrialiser et restaurer l’autonomie de la France (notamment dans le domaine de la santé). Si les résultats de cette politique restent contrastés\, il faut parfois plusieurs tentatives pour parvenir au résultat attendu (cf Egalim et Egalim 2)\, et on manque de recul sur certaines réformes. On peut cependant à l’époque du bilan\, parler d’un bilan plutôt positif
Risk management and policy implications for concentrating solar power technology investments in Tunisia
Auteurs : Damien Bazin,Nouri Chtourou,Amna Omri
Revue : Journal of Environmental Management
Éditeur : Elsevier
Année : 2019

Concentrating solar power (CSP) is a promising technology in Tunisia. However\, its diffusion is facing many barriers which deter investments. Through the analysis of a CSP plant in Southern Tunisia by using the Global Risk Analysis (GRA) method\, we try to analyze the main risks faced by investors. The main objective of this research is to identify and analyze the risks faced by CSP investors in Tunisia and develop strategies that should be adopted to accelerate the process of diffusion of this technology. This analysis allows us to conclude that the CSP project is very exposed to political\, financial\, physical-chemical\, legal\, and strategic hazards. Moreover\, we show that among the four phases of the project\, the preparation phase is the most vulnerable to hazards. In fact\, the GRA method makes it possible to determine the list of the major risks\, such as the risk of not obtaining permission to build a CSP plant\, the risk of non compliance with the deadline\, the risk of failure to achieve the expected performance\, the risk of insufficient access to capital\, and the risk of conflicts with local residents. In order to de-risk CSP technology in Tunisia\, we propose some strategies\, such as strengthening the public-private partnerships\, using participatory approaches\, creating local employment\, etc.
When to stop searching in a highly uncertain world? A theoretical and experimental investigation of “two-way” sequential search tasks
Auteurs : Imen Bouhlel,Michela Chessa,Agnès Festré,Eric Guerci
Revue : Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization
Éditeur : Elsevier
Année : 2022

When to stop exploring is crucial in contexts where learning to manage time and uncertainty is critical for carrying out successful initiatives (e.g.\, innovation\, personnel recruitment\, vaccine discovery). We investigate analytically and experimentally the exploration-exploitation trade-offs in such contexts. A “two-way” sequential search task is proposed\, where the classical exploration-exploitation trade-off in sequential decisions with finite-horizon is coupled with a further one about discovering the real value of each alternative. The longer the time spent on a specific alternative\, the higher the certainty about its expected value but at the higher cost of an under-exploitation of the best alternative so far explored. People learn better when to stop the more certain the information is. A potential behavioral trap in the exploration of “two-way” search tasks is identified that brings towards local optima. We recommend policies that induce people to reduce the time spent exploring the alternatives.
Assessment of the advancement of market-upstream innovations and of the performance of research and innovation projects
Auteurs : Svetlana Klessova,Sebastian Engell,Catherine Thomas
Revue : Technovation
Éditeur : Elsevier
Année : 2022

The assessment of the advancement of technological innovations at their development stage is a difficult task\, but important to judge on the performance of innovation projects. Assessments have so far been made by assessing technical characteristics\, subjectively\, or by counting patents. This paper proposes an approach to assess the advancement of market-upstream innovations directly and objectively\, through the advancement of their technological maturity. On this basis\, also the innovation performance of larger projects that were put in place to progress one or several innovations\, can be assessed. The paper presents an exploratory qualitative multi-case study of 54 innovative technologies at different maturity levels\, that were developed in 5 market-upstream large technological research and innovation projects with mostly engineering and IT dimensions\, funded by the European Union's Research and Innovation Programmes under its sub-programme "Leadership in Enabling and Industrial Technologies". From extensive documentation and data from interviews\, a refined technology readiness scale and a scoring method that reflects the increase in the required efforts to advance the maturity of the innovations is developed. The findings provide groundwork for future research on market-upstream innovation and how the innovation performance of projects can be measured at the early stages of the innovation process.
Une perspective de droit économique sur les engagements volontaires des firmes en matière d’éthique et de conformité
Auteurs : Frédéric Marty
Revue : Revue internationale de droit économique
Éditeur : Association internationale de droit économique (AIDE) ; De Boeck Université (Bruxelles, Belgique) [1986-....]
Année : 2022

L’engagement éthique des entreprises joue-t-il effectivement sur leurs comportements et ne présente-t-il pas toutes les limites habituelles de l’autorégulation ? Les contributions présentées dans le domaine du droit du numérique et du droit de l’environnement montrent que les engagements volontaires peuvent avoir une véritable effectivité si les manquements sont sanctionnés. Cette sanction peut également procéder des parties prenantes au travers de l’atteinte portée à la réputation d’une firme dont le comportement s’écarterait de ses engagements.,Does the ethical commitment of companies effectively influence their behaviour and does it not suffer from all the usual limitations of self-regulation? The contributions presented in the field of digital law and environmental law show that voluntary commitments can be effective as long as breaches are sanctioned. This sanction can also come from the stakeholders through the reputational damage that a firm whose behaviour deviates from its commitments would suffer.

Mots-clés : Engagments éthiques,Autorégulation,Dommages en termes de réputation
The role of organizational settings in social learning: an ethnographic focus on food-delivery platform work
Auteurs : Claire Le Breton,Sophia Galiere
Revue : Human Relations
Éditeur : SAGE Publications
Année : 2022

How do organizational settings influence learning mechanisms and their outcomes? Based on a 26-month online and offline ethnography\, the article specifically analyses couriers’ learning in the context of food-delivery platform work\, marked by the heterogeneity of the working crowd\, the gig nature of the job and the digitally mediated\, individualized and automated management apparatus. Drawing on social learning theory\, and in particular on communities of practice (CoPs)\, the results of the study unpack how the digital nature of online peer discussion groups enables three interrelated learning mechanisms (sharing\, symphonizing and shaping). The digitalness of CoPs indeed allows for a high degree of responsiveness in exchanges and a commutativity of shared knowledge that overcome the structural barriers to social learning inherent in the low-skilled platform context. The present study finally challenges the widespread approach that views online worker groups as a potential locus for resistance; its findings suggest that they also indirectly contribute to maintaining power relations through the social learning processes they enable.
Antidumping and Feed-In Tariffs as Good Buddies? Modeling the EU-China Solar Panel Dispute
Auteurs : Patrice Bougette,Christophe Charlier
Revue : Energy Journal
Éditeur : International Association for Energy Economics
Année : 2018

The paper analyzes the interactions between trade and renewable energy policies based on the EU-China solar panel dispute which is the most significant antidumping (AD) complaint in Europe. We build a price competition duopoly model with differentiated products and intra-industry trade in photovoltaic (PV) equipment. We show that an optimal antidumping duty always increases with the feed-in tariff (FIT) program set in the home country. An appropriate antidumping duty - nullifying the dumping margin - decreases with the FIT program. We show that optimal FIT increases with the AD duty. Therefore\, trade and renewable energy optimal policies may complement one another. Lastly\, we introduce R\\&D activities in the PV sector\, and international spillovers. We show that R\\&D makes the optimal FIT lower and increases the dumping margin. These effects are reinforced by technological spillovers.
Defense firms adapting to major changes in the French R&D funding system
Auteurs : Jean Belin,Marianne Guille,Nathalie Lazaric,Mérindol Valérie
Revue : Defence and Peace Economics
Éditeur : Taylor & Francis (Routledge)
Année : 2019

The structural changes inside the French innovation system have impacted the role of defense firms since the late 1980s. Major changes have affected the defense budget and public R&D funding system in particular. The aim of this article is to understand French defense firms' repositioning within the National Innovation System (NIS) based on an analysis of their R&D behavior over a long period of time (1987 to 2010). We show that French defense firms remain major players in the NIS and faced up to these major changes by adapting the funding of their R&D and their research priorities and rolling out new innovation capabilities. Additionally\, they developed new innovation models to take advantage of new collaborative partnerships developed for civil and military markets. JEL classification: G32\, 032
Dynamics of couplings and their implications in inter-organizational multi-actor research and innovation projects
Auteurs : Svetlana Klessova,Sebastian Engell,Catherine Thomas
Revue : International Journal of Project Management
Éditeur : Elsevier
Année : 2022

Publicly funded multi-actor research\, development and innovation projects are a setting where a network of multiple organizational actors form a temporary consortium to jointly create new knowledge and marketupstream innovations. The couplings between the organizational actors and subgroups of these actors represent joint work that leads to flows of knowledge and flows of activities. The dynamics of the couplings in this empirical context and their implications are not well understood yet. Using an inductive comparative multiple case study of projects funded in European Research and Innovation Programmes\, we investigated 4 projects with 54 organizational actors\, which produced 50 innovations. The evolutions of all couplings went through the same phases\, although the temporality of the phases differed. We identified eight types of evolutions of couplings and their underlying generative mechanisms. These evolutions led to different\, mostly negative implications on the planned collaborative innovations. Particularly\, we observed a systematic degradation of the couplings that were planned to connect subgroups of organizational actors. Over time\, the projects became less collaborative than planned\, and they have a tendency to fragment into isolated activities by subgroups of actors. Based on these findings\, we propose an emerging process model which helps to better understand how and why the couplings evolve in multi-actor RDI projects.
Le droit de la concurrence est-il un frein à la protection de l'environnement?
Auteurs : Walid Chaiehloudj
Revue : Contrats Concurrence Consommation
Éditeur : Éditions techniques [1991-1994] - Éditions du Juris-classeur [1995-2004] - LexisNexis [2005-....]
Année : 2022

Le droit de la concurrence est-il un frein à la protection de l’environnement? La question est redoutable tant la concurrence entre entreprises peut avoir des effets paradoxaux sur le marché. Si la concurrence peut contribuer à la protection de l’environnement\, elle peut également avoir des effets délétères en matière de pollution\, de bien-être animal ou de préservation des écosystèmes. C’est dire que le droit de la concurrence a un rôle à jouer\, notamment en imposant aux entreprises d’adopter des comportements plus respectueux de l’environnement. Mais le joue-t-il? La réponse n’est guère évidente. Car l’« économisation » du droit de la concurrence ne s’est pas accompagnée d’une « environnementalisation » de la matière. Aussi\, l’approche économique apparaît-elle comme le principal frein à une prise en compte plus énergique des enjeux environnementaux et climatiques. Toujours est-il que le droit de la concurrence n’est pas qu’un frein. Il se manifeste également comme un moteur en puissance\, mis au service de la protection de l’environnement et du climat.
L'engagement durable des parties prenantes dans une démarche de GRH territoriale : le cas de la GTEC de Sophia-Antipolis,Sustainable stakeholder engagement in a territorial HRM approach: the case of Sophia Antipolis technology cluster
Auteurs : Sabrina Loufrani-Fedida,Eve Saint-Germes
Revue : Revue de Gestion des Ressources Humaines
Éditeur : Eska
Année : 2018

L’objectif de cet article est de mieux comprendre comment se construit l’engagement durable des parties prenantes dans une démarche de GRH territoriale. Notre étude empirique porte sur la démarche de GTEC mise en œuvre par le cluster technologique de Sophia Antipolis. Grâce à la théorie de l’acteur-réseau\, notre recherche révèle les mécanismes d’engagement qui font que les acteurs deviennent des parties prenantes engagées durablement dans une telle démarche : la capacité des parties prenantes à (re)problématiser rapidement et dans plusieurs directions le projet initial ; des dispositifs d’intéressement solides et réguliers\, véhiculés par une plateforme numérique et une communication multicanal active ; un enrôlement de type intensif\, maintenant les rôles préexistants pour une meilleure résistance aux processus de contre-enrôlement et pour une acceptabilité sociale des conséquences relationnelles des dispositifs ; un management polyphonique porté par un duo de traducteurs\, transformés en « boundary spanners » (le chef de projet et la plateforme numérique). Ces mécanismes peuvent être considérés comme autant de facteurs clés de réussite à l’engagement durable des parties prenantes dans une démarche de GRH territoriale.

Mots-clés : GRH territoriale GRH-T,Gestion territoriale des emplois et des compétences GTEC,Parties prenantes,Engagement durable,Théorie de l’acteur-réseau
Théorie parétienne des élites et moment machiavélien,Paretian theory of the elites and Machiavellian moment
Auteurs : Claire Baldin
Revue : European Journal of Social Sciences
Année : 2016

Cet article explique comment la dynamique de l’équilibre social chez Pareto repose sur le principe de rupture du moment machiavélien. Il resitue ce principe en termes d’équilibre entre virtù et fortuna puis en apprécie la transposition à l’étude de la dynamique de l’équilibre social parétien. Après avoir réévalué la méthode des approximations successives et de synthèse à laquelle Pareto recourt\, nous montrons que le principe de rupture du moment machiavélien implique que l’explication de la dynamique sociale repose sur des lois tendancielles qui supposent de remettre en cause la synthèse des résultats de Pareto.,This article explains how the dynamic of Pareto’s social equilibrium is based on the principle of rupture of the Machiavellian moment. The article sets out this principle in terms of equilibrium between virtù and fortuna\, and then assesses the study of the transposition of the dynamics of Paretian social equilibrium. After having assessed the method of the successive approximations and synthesis used by Pareto\, we show that the principle of rupture of the Machiavellian moment involves taking into consideration that the explanations of the dynamics of social equilibrium rest on tendency laws that call into question the synthesis of Pareto’s results.

Mots-clés : Histoire de la pensée économique,Nicolas Machiavel,Méthodologie
Consommation d’énergie et théorie des pratiques : vers des pistes d’action pour la transition énergétique
Auteurs : Patricia Roques,Domnique Roux
Revue : Décisions Marketing
Éditeur : Association Française du Marketing
Année : 2018

Dans un contexte d’incitation à la réduction énergétique\, quels sont les leviers d’action sur les comportements de consommation des individus\, au-delà des valeurs qu’ils associent à la maîtrise de leur consommation ? Sur la base d’une étude qualitative menée avec 40 répondants d’un même complexe locatif réhabilité\, cette recherche mobilise la théorie des pratiques appliquée au contexte de la consommation énergétique. Après avoir présenté et discuté ce cadre d’analyse peu usité en marketing\, elle propose une typologie de profils. Ceux-ci intègrent à la fois les savoir-faire\, les routines et les significations attachées à un ensemble d’activités consommatrices d’énergie\, mais aussi le système d’équipement incorporé au logement et les incitations/prescriptions qui ont accompagné le programme de réhabilitation énergétique. Les résultats enrichissent les approches comportementales par la prise en compte de l’environnement socio-technique des individus et fournissent une série de recommandations utiles aux bailleurs sociaux comme aux organisations publiques ou marchandes engagées dans ces problématiques.,Energy consumption and practice theory: towards possible courses of action for energy transition In a context in which energy reduction is encouraged\, what are levers for action on individuals’ consumption patterns beyond values associated to the mastering of their energy use? On the basis of a qualitative study carried out with 40 informants from the same rehabilitated rental complex\, this research first proposes a theorization of energy practices. After having presented and discussed the practice-theory framework still new in the marketing field\, we propose a typology of profiles. These incorporate the know-how\, routines and meanings associated with a set of energy-consuming activities\, but also the system of equipment incorporated in housing and the incentives/ prescriptions that accompanied the program of energy rehabilitation. The results enrich behavioral approaches by taking into account individuals’ socio-technical environment and provide a series of useful recommendations to social landlords as well as public and commercial organizations involved in these issues.

Mots-clés : Consommation d’énergie,Théorie des pratiques,Efficacité énergétique,Sobriété,Réhabilitation thermique de l’habitat social
The determinants of the choice of Islamic banks in Tunisia
Auteurs : Moez Ltifi,Lubica Hikkerova,Boualem Aliouat,Jameleddine Gharbi
Revue : International Journal of Bank Marketing
Éditeur : Emerald
Année : 2016

Following the exponential growth of the banking sector\, it is highly strategic for Islamic banks managers to identify what determines the selection criteria for these institutions to customers\, knowing that the Islamic banking system is characterized by forms of organization banks very different from traditional commercial banks\, with specific missions and objectives\, specific strategies and structures. In this regard\, our study aims to determine consumer behavior explanatory factors for the selection of an Islamic bank in Tunisia. This is specifically to test the moderating role of gender and age as discriminating variables in the decision. Data were collected from 180 people in Tunisia. A questionnaire was developed and distributed. Data were analyzed with SPSS (20.0) software. Our results show that customers consider several factors in their decision to choose an Islamic bank. These factors are essentially the quality of service offered by Islamic financial institutions\, trust and compliance with the "Sharia" (Islamic Jurisprudence prescribing the prohibition of interest\, the imposition of a religious tax\, the blackout speculative\, etc.). Specifically our results show that gender and age are two moderators between selecting an Islamic bank and the determinants observed. The originality of this work is based on the innovative nature of the observation of the role of moderator variables such as gender and age here.
Ce que penser en juriste veut dire
Auteurs : Jean-Sylvestre Bergé
Revue : Recueil Dalloz
Éditeur : Dalloz [1999, n° 37 -....]
Année : 2023

Frédéric Rouvière\, Argumentation juridique\, PUF\, coll. Thémis droit\, 2023\, 386 p.\, ISBN 978-2-13-084209-5

Mots-clés : Actualites,Lectures 2023,Frédéric Rouvière,Argumentation juridique
Influence of genetic factors and institutional environment on entrepreneurial activity: evidence from a twin study in Italy
Auteurs : Diego Zunino
Revue : Industrial and Corporate Change
Éditeur : Oxford University Press (OUP)
Année : 2022

Abstract Genetic factors influence entrepreneurial activity\, but we know little about how genetic factors influence entrepreneurial activity when the institutional environment is favorable. Two theories from behavioral genetics explain the gene–environment interaction. One theory argues that a favorable environment favors the development of genetic factors and their influence. An alternative theory posits that unfavorable environment triggers the development of genetic factors and their influence. I test these two competing theories with a twin study based in Italy. I compare the influence of genetic factors in provinces where the institutional environment favors entrepreneurial activity with provinces where the institutional environment is unfavorable to entrepreneurial activity. I found consistent evidence that genetic factors exert a larger influence in favorable institutional environments\, suggesting that favorable institutional environments complement genetic factors.