Geraldine/hal_univcotedazur_shs_articles_2013-2023 huggingface dataset:
Unity and disunity in evolutionary sciences: process-based analogies open common research avenues for biology and linguistics
Auteurs : Johann-Mattis List,Jananan Sylvestre Pathmanathan,Philippe Lopez,Eric Bapteste
Revue : Biology Direct
Éditeur : BioMed Central
Année : 2016

Background For a long time biologists and linguists have been noticing surprising similarities between the evolution of life forms and languages. Most of the proposed analogies have been rejected. Some\, however\, have persisted\, and some even turned out to be fruitful\, inspiring the transfer of methods and models between biology and linguistics up to today. Most proposed analogies were based on a comparison of the research objects rather than the processes that shaped their evolution. Focusing on process-based analogies\, however\, has the advantage of minimizing the risk of overstating similarities\, while at the same time reflecting the common strategy to use processes to explain the evolution of complexity in both fields. Results We compared important evolutionary processes in biology and linguistics and identified processes specific to only one of the two disciplines as well as processes which seem to be analogous\, potentially reflecting core evolutionary processes. These new process-based analogies support novel methodological transfer\, expanding the application range of biological methods to the field of historical linguistics. We illustrate this by showing (i) how methods dealing with incomplete lineage sorting offer an introgression-free framework to analyze highly mosaic word distributions across languages; (ii) how sequence similarity networks can be used to identify composite and borrowed words across different languages; (iii) how research on partial homology can inspire new methods and models in both fields; and (iv) how constructive neutral evolution provides an original framework for analyzing convergent evolution in languages resulting from common descent (Sapir’s drift). Conclusions Apart from new analogies between evolutionary processes\, we also identified processes which are specific to either biology or linguistics. This shows that general evolution cannot be studied from within one discipline alone. In order to get a full picture of evolution\, biologists and linguists need to complement their studies\, trying to identify cross-disciplinary and discipline-specific evolutionary processes. The fact that we found many process-based analogies favoring transfer from biology to linguistics further shows that certain biological methods and models have a broader scope than previously recognized. This opens fruitful paths for collaboration between the two disciplines.
The inﬂuence of presentation order on category transfer
Auteurs : Fabien Mathy,Jacob Feldman
Revue : Experimental Psychology
Éditeur : Hogrefe
Année : 2016

This study of supervised categorization shows how different kinds of category representations are influenced by the order in which training examples are presented. We used the well-studied 5-4 category structure of Medin and Schaffer (1978)\, which allows transfer of category learning to new stimuli to be discriminated as a function of rule-based or similarity-based category knowledge. In the rule-based training condition (thought to facilitate the learning of abstract logical rules and hypothesized to produce rule-based classification)\, items were grouped by subcategories and randomized within each subcategory. In the similarity-based training condition (thought to facilitate associative learning and hypothesized to produce exemplar classification)\, transitions between items within the same category were determined by their featural similarity and subcategories were ignored. We found that transfer patterns depended on whether the presentation order was similarity-based\, or rule-based\, with the participants particularly capitalizing on the rule-based order.
Knowledge management in project-based organizations: an investigation into mechanisms
Auteurs : Sabrina Loufrani-Fedida,Stéphanie Missonier,Laurence Saglietto
Revue : The Journal of Modern Project Management
Éditeur : jmpm
Année : 2014

In a context of the project-based organization's (PBO) reinforcement\, the question of knowledge management has become an important issue for companies as well as for research in management. This paper focuses on highlighting and examining the mechanisms that are used to manage knowledge together with projects. Our research is based on a qualitative approach centered on a multiple case study in four PBOs operating in different sectors: IBM\, Hewlett-Packard\, Arkopharma\, and Temex. The analysis of the four case studies enables us to identify and discuss the different mechanisms underlying knowledge management in PBOs. The paper is original because it investigates the framework of mechanisms to improve the understanding of knowledge management in PBOs.
Economic populism and sovereigntism: the economic supply of European radical right-wing populist parties
Auteurs : Gilles Ivaldi,Oscar Mazzoleni
Revue : European Politics and Society
Éditeur : Taylor & Francis
Année : 2020

While economic issues are increasingly salient in political mobilization by European radical right-wing populist parties\, we are still in need of a definition of these parties’ economic positions. This paper argues that the economic supply of radical right populist parties is best characterized by a mix of economic populism and sovereigntism\, which forms the basis of a common mobilization frame. Economic populism refers to defence of the economic prosperity of the ‘heartland’ against the elite and immigrants. Economic sovereigntism is seen\, on the other hand\, as a means of restoring the people’s well-being and the nation’s prosperity. To illustrate this argument\, we conduct a qualitative analysis of five established European populist radical right parties. We demonstrate that\, despite different socioeconomic stances\, all parties under scrutiny share a common economic populist sovereigntist frame which claims to defend the self-identified economic interests and well-being of the people. We discuss the implications of our research for the broader understanding of populist mobilization.
Micro-computed tomography for discriminating between different forming techniques in ancient pottery: new segmentation method and pore distribution recognition
Auteurs : Vanna Lisa Coli,Louise Gomart,Didier F Pisani,Serge X. Cohen,Laure Blanc-Féraud,Juliette Leblond,Didier Binder
Revue : Archaeometry
Éditeur : Wiley
Année : 2021

Micro-computed tomography is a valuable tool for studying ancient ceramics technology. Analysing pottery 3-D images is a challenging issue\, the data being extremely noisy and heterogeneous. Quantitative criteria are introduced for the characterisation of a previously unrecognised pottery building method\, the Spiralled Patchwork Technology (SPT). An analytical protocol has been implemented which applies to 3-D reconstructions of ceramic sherds and integrates automatic segmentation of porous systems and shape recognition using Hough transform. It enables discriminating between SPT and other techniques for vessels manufacture\, and opens up many perspectives for independent characterisation of ancient technical gestures in ceramic technology.
The project manager cannot be a hero anymore! Understanding critical competencies in project-based organizations from a multilevel approach
Auteurs : Sabrina Loufrani-Fedida,Stéphanie Missonier
Revue : International Journal of Project Management
Éditeur : Elsevier
Année : 2015

This paper focuses on improving the understanding of critical competencies in Project-Based Organizations (PBOs) from a multilevel approach. To do so\, we detail the types of “PBO competencies” (functional and integrative)\, and identify their links with the three levels of competencies in PBOs (individual\, collective\, and organizational). We perform case studies of four PBOs (IBM\, Hewlett-Packard\, Arkopharma\, and Temex) operating in different sectors and reveal the relations that unite the three levels of critical competencies. The multilevel approach also highlights a new reading of the collective competence of a project team. Our study recommends that both practitioners and current academic researchers stop looking for the perfect\, “ideal” project manager who would possess all of the necessary critical competencies for projects. Managers should consider sharing responsibility between the individual and organizational competencies and should not expect a project manager to possess all the required competencies.
Contextualité d'une ressource sur les séismes à l'école primaire : articulations de différents régimes de description
Auteurs : Jacques Kerneis,Jérôme Santini
Revue : Contextes et Didactiques
Éditeur : Université des Antilles/ESPE
Année : 2016

Dans cet article\, nous abordons la question de la contextualité des ressources et le sens qu'elle peut avoir pour les différents acteurs de la situation didactique\, au sens large. Nous le faisons autour de l'utilisation en classe de CM2 de trois extraits de l'émission « C'est pas sorcier »\, produite en 2002\, qui traite des séismes. La question qui guide notre enquête est la suivante. De quoi l'élève a besoin pour tirer parti de ces objets médiatiques éducatifs ? (Moeglin\, 2005). Nous proposons\, dans un premier temps\, une réflexion épistémologique sur les liens qui unissent contextes et description. Elle éclaire les raisons qui nous amènent à solliciter deux cadres d'analyse distincts : la théorie de l'action conjointe en didactique et celle des contextualisations didactiques. Nous produisons ensuite une analyse a priori de ces trois extraits. Nous le faisons en distinguant plusieurs contextes d'analyse du point de vue communicationnel. Une analyse in situ de l'usage de cette ressource au sein de la classe de CM2 est ensuite présentée. Elle prend place dans une séquence portant sur les volcans\, les séismes puis la tectonique des plaques. Elle nous permet de mettre l'accent sur un certain nombre d'effets de contexte qui nous amènent à distinguer quatre types de contextualité : locale\, épistémique\, fictionnelle et didactique. Nous nous interrogeons pour finir sur les conséquences didactiques et théoriques de cette étude et les perspectives qu'elles permettent d'envisager.,This article approaches the issue of contextuality of resources and the meaning it may have for the different actors of the didactic situation. We do it around the use in aprimary class (grade5) of three excerpts from the TV program called " C’est pas sorcier " about earthquakes produced in 2002. The question that guides our investigation is: what does the student need to take advantage of these educational media objects? (Moeglin\, 2005). We suggest\, at first\, an epistemological reflection on the links between contexts and description. It explains the reasons that lead us to canvass two separate analytical frameworks: the theory of joint action in didactics and the didactic contextualizations. We then produce an a priori analysis of these extracts. We do this by distinguishing several analytical contexts in a communicational perspective. In situanalysis of the use of these resources in the classroom is then presented. It is located in a sequence on volcanoes\, earthquakes and plate tectonics. It allows us to focus on a number of context effects that lead us to define four types of contextuality: local\, epistemic\, fictional and didactic. Finally we examine the didactic and theoretical consequences of this study and the prospects they allow to consider.

Mots-clés : Objets médiatiques éducatifs,Descriptions,Contextualité,Contextualisations didactiques,Théorie de l’action conjointe en didactique,Séismes
The impact of single farm payments on technical inefficiency of French crop farms
Auteurs : Kassoum Ayouba,Jean-Philippe Boussemart,Stéphane Vigeant
Revue : Review of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Studies
Éditeur : Springer
Année : 2017

This paper analyses the effect of single farm payments (SFPs) introduced by the Luxembourg agreements (2003) of the Common Agricultural Policy\, on the performance of crop farms in Eure-et-Loir\, France\, over the period 2005–2008. Technical inefficiency scores of these crop farms are first estimated. Then\, the estimated technical inefficiency scores are regressed on SFPs received by farmers following a standard two-step procedure. The analysis shows a negative effect of SFPs on the technical inefficiency of Eure-et-Loir farms. This implies that subsidies granted to farms without production restrictions seem to reduce technical inefficiency.
Agir en couteau suisse : compétence transversale du designer ?,Is acting like a « Swiss army knife » a necessary soft skill for the designer?
Auteurs : Christophe Moineau,Eric Tortochot
Revue : Éducation permanente
Éditeur : Arcueil : Éducation permanente, Le Cnam
Année : 2019

L’étude d’une formation initiale en alternance au design de produit montre l’ambiguïté des textes prescripteurs qui s’appuient sur des « cœurs de métiers » tout en visant à décloisonner les champs du design. Parce que les frontières entre compétences transversales\, transférables et spécifiques restent floues\, les étudiants « bricolent » pour répondre aux demandes diverses de leurs entreprises d’alternance et pointent un besoin ultérieur de formation continue.,Is acting like a « Swiss army knife » a necessary soft skill for the designer? The analysis of a study programme in product design carried out in work-study alternation highlights the ambiguity of the prescriptive texts that insist on the ʺ core of the profession ʺ while aiming at decompartmentalizing the fields of design. Because the boundaries between soft\, transferable and specific skills remain unclear\, students have to be « creative » in order to meet the different demands of the companies in which they find themselves placed in alternation and they regularly mention a need for specific job training.
Les racines émotionnelles de la possession religieuse. Une ethnographie comparative
Auteurs : Arnaud Halloy,David Dupuis
Revue : Intellectica - La revue de l’Association pour la Recherche sur les sciences de la Cognition (ARCo)
Éditeur : Association pour la Recherche sur la Cognition
Année : 2017

This article is based on a comparative ethnography of the possession trance in two religious contexts: the Xangô\, an initiatory cult of Yoruba origin in Recife (Brazil)\, and Takiwasi\, one of the main "shamanic centers" of the Peruvian Amazon. This comparison suggests that certain traits related to rituals and cultural elements of the religious practices organize the experience of possession\, and in particular its emotional dimension. We propose here to explore the emotional dimension of possession\, often treated as contingent in cognitive\, functionalist or symbolic approaches to possession trance. We suggest that the emergence of possession is suspended to a learning process on the part of the candidates for possession\, but also by religious specialists whose function is to guide them in this learning process. This learning involves not only the induction of specific emotions\, their identification\, but also their interpretation\, organization and expression in the prism of the cultural expectations of the social group. We will then seek to identify what\, in the emotional dimension of possession\, brings together and distinguishes the two religious cultures. The exploration of the emotional dimension of possession proposed here can be seen as a first step in the direction of a wider modeling of the phenomenon\, which remains to be realized.
Understanding the Imaginaries of Modernity in Jakarta: A Social Representation of Urban Development in Private Housing Projects.
Auteurs : Risa Permanadeli,Jérôme Tadié
Revue : Papers on Social Representations
Éditeur : London School of Economics and Political Science
Année : 2014

This article analyses how social imaginaries are shaped and produced in Jakarta. It studies the roots and development of social\, cultural and spatial patterns developed since the Dutch colonial period. It focuses on social imaginaries and social representations\, which are both complex social and mental phenomena\, connecting people with the whole dimension of social world. In Jakarta\, the spatial segregation pattern created on purpose by the Dutch clearly separated the Westerners from the Natives. It produced a collective memory that influenced the creation process of representations\, in particular regarding residential neighborhoods. This mental process synthesizes the history of the Jakarta in its the production of social imaginaries which allows us to analyse the evolution of power relations and patterns in the context of globalisation. This study on the housing project
Usos y debates del concepto de fiesta popular en Colombia
Auteurs : Sofía Lara Largo
Revue : Antipoda
Année : 2015

Este artículo se presenta como un balance\, resultado de la revisión bibliográca de un completo conjunto de textos antropológicos dedicados a la investigación sobre estas populares en Colombia desde 1953 hasta nuestros días. El objetivo es presentar\, a través de tres ejes centrales\, algunos de los aportes a las discusiones sobre la utilización académica del concepto de esta y del concepto de ritual\, el aumento del interés temático sobre estas populares en el país y las tendencias y los debates teóricos que han inuido especialmente en la producción investigativa sobre lo festivo en Colombia..
Estrategias de apropiación territorial en un contexto de relación interétnica en Guamal\, Caldas,Strategies of Territorial Appropriation in the Context of Inter-ethnic Relations in Guamal\, Caldas
Auteurs : Sofía Lara-Largo
Revue : Revista Colombiana de Antropologia
Éditeur : Instituto Colombiano de Antropologia e Historia
Année : 2016

En el artículo se abordan algunas estrategias de apropiación territorial en el contexto de las relaciones interétnicas de una localidad andina en Colombia. A través de ejemplos etnográficos y jurídicos se analizan las rela-ciones de poder que configuran las prácti-cas territoriales\, en un contexto en el que las intervenciones de la política multicultural del Estado colombiano han influido en la producción de discursos sobre la etnicidad que son apropiados en diferentes niveles por los grupos locales. Este análisis busca revelar la complejidad de la puesta en es-cena de lo afro y lo indígena en una locali-dad como Guamal\, e intenta escapar de las lecturas esencialistas o pragmatistas de la etnicidad\, al hacer énfasis en las dinámicas político-territoriales que configuran las fron-teras étnicas,This paper discusses some strategies of territorial appropriation in the context of inter-ethnic relations in an Andean locality in Colombia. Through ethnographic and legal examples I analize power relations that shape territorial practices\, in a context in which multicultural policy interventions of the Colombian state have influenced the production of ethnicity discourses that are appropriated at different levels by local groups. This analysis seeks to reveal the complexities involved in the staging of Afro and indigenous concepts in a locality such as Guamal\, while trying to avoid es-sentialist or pragmatic views on ethnicity by emphasizing political and territorial dynamics that shape ethnic frontiers/boundaries.
Lusotopie\, Lusotopy. What Legacy\, What Future?
Auteurs : Michel Cahen,Irène dos Santos
Revue : Lusotopie
Éditeur : Brill Academic Publishers
Année : 2018

The introduction of this issue goes back over the history of the creation of the Lusotopie journal. It also questions the scope of the concept of lusotopy in the social sciences. The intellectual project of the journal\, published from 1994 onwards\, was complex and ambitious. Lusotopie is not a review of "cultural-area" studies\, but a generalist review of political analysis\, in the broadest sense\, from an empirically-delimited research field: that of the area drawn by Portuguese history and colonization. It was both to escape the contemporary neo-imperial approach of "Lusophony" and to overcome the simply negative criticism of the ideology of Lusophony (in its literary\, political and economic aspects)\, which as such does not provide a tool for understanding the realities produced by history.

Mots-clés : Idéologie impériale,Lusotopie,Lusotopie revue,Lusophonie,Lusotropicalisme,Décolonisation
EDITORIAL - Inégalités\, mobilités et discriminations dans le cadre scolaire.
Auteurs : Alessandro Bergamaschi
Revue : International Journal of School Climate and Violence Prevention
Éditeur : Observatoire international de la violence à  l'école
Année : 2016

Les articles qui composent ce dossier sont issus de la journée d'études « Inégalités\, mobilités et discriminations dans le cadre scolaire » organisée par l'Unité de recherche « Migrations et Société » (UMR CNRS 8245 – IRD 205). Les objectifs principaux de la journée ainsi que des articles publiés ont pour volonté scientifique de briser le silence sur l'un des paradoxes\, peut-être le majeur\, du système scolaire républicain. Bien qu'animée par le principe d'indifférence aux différences et se présentant systématiquement comme le tremplin par excellence pour une insertion sociale réussie\, l'action de l'école française n'est pas insensible aux différences\, notamment lorsqu'elles ont trait à l'origine culturelle ou ethnico-raciale (supposée) des élèves. Les études sur les discriminations scolaires selon l'origine ne sont pas légion en France\, mais en même temps elles affleurent périodiquement dans les sciences sociales depuis au moins la fin des années 1990. Inspirées par les travaux pionniers de Clerc (1964)\, qui se limitait à comparer les parcours scolaires des élèves selon leur nationalité\, les recherches qui se sont penchées sur cette thématique l'ont abordée par des approches et des méthodologies différentes. Deux paradigmes majeurs se dégagent. [...]

Mots-clés : Education,Immigration,Inégalités,Discriminations,Xénophobie
Divergencias construidas\, convergencias por construir. Identidad\, territorio y gobierno en la ruralidad colombiana,Constructed differences\, Convergences to be imagined. Identity\, territory and government in the Colombian peasantry.
Auteurs : Odile Hoffmann
Revue : Revista Colombiana de Antropologia
Éditeur : Instituto Colombiano de Antropologia e Historia
Année : 2016

In this article we explore the historical panorama of territoriality and land tenure in Colombia\, in order to locate new political dynamics and to recognize the transformative potential of rural communities. These have developed original territorial experiences that we interpret as "counter-models"\, product of its geographical and political imagination. The complexity of contemporary rural settlement and rurality in Colombia requires overcoming essentialisms that are exacerbated through some conceptions of identity\, territory and government. Finally I explore two specific cases and I show that rural territorialities go across the borders of the assigned identities and challenge the adequacy between the criteria of ethnic and racial belonging and this of territorial affiliation.,En este artículo exploraré el panorama histórico de la territorialidad y la tenencia de tierra en Colombia\, con el fin de ubicar nuevas dinámicas políticas y reconocer el potencial transformador que las propias comunidades rurales han desarrollado mediante el ejercicio de su imaginación geográfica y política del que derivan experiencias de " contra-modelos " territoriales. La complejidad del poblamiento rural contemporáneo y la ruralidad en Colombia requiere la superación de esencialismos exacerbados en ciertas concepciones de identidad\, territorio y gobierno. Al finalizar\, retomo dos ejemplos que se nutren de situaciones concretas territorializadas y que evidencian que las territorialidades rurales desbordan las fronteras de las identidades asignadas y cuestionan la adecuación entre criterios de pertenencia étnico-racial y adscripción territorial.