GenAI4ELab/papercli-papers huggingface dataset:
PhysAvatar: Learning the Physics of Dressed 3D Avatars from Visual Observations
Authors: Yang Zheng; Qingqing Zhao; Guandao Yang; Wang Yifan; Donglai Xiang; Florian Dubost; Dmitry Lagun; Thabo Beeler; Federico Tombari; Leonidas Guibas; Gordon Wetzstein
Venue: ECCV 2024 (main)

Abstract: "[width=0.9]figure/teaserv 4.pdf Figure 1: PhysAvatar is a novel framework that captures the physics of dressed 3D avatars from visual observations, enabling a wide spectrum of applications, such as (a) animation, (b) relighting, and (c) redressing, with high-fidelity rendering results."
Revisiting Feature Disentanglement Strategy in Diffusion Training and Breaking Conditional Independence Assumption in Sampling
Authors: Wonwoong Cho; Hareesh Ravi; Midhun Harikumar; Vinh Khuc; Krishna Kumar Singh; Jingwan Lu; David Iseri Inouye; Ajinkya Kale
Venue: ECCV 2024 (main)

Abstract: "As Diffusion Models have shown promising performance, a lot of efforts have been made to improve the controllability of Diffusion Models. However, how to train Diffusion Models to have the disentangled latent spaces and how to naturally incorporate the disentangled conditions during the sampling process have been underexplored. In this paper, we present a training framework for feature disentanglement of Diffusion Models (FDiff). We further propose two sampling methods that can boost the realism of our Diffusion Models and also enhance the controllability. Concisely, we train Diffusion Models conditioned on two latent features, a spatial content mask, and a flattened style embedding. We rely on the inductive bias of the denoising process of Diffusion Models to encode pose/layout information in the content feature and semantic/style information in the style feature. Regarding the sampling methods, we first generalize Composable Diffusion Models (GCDM) by breaking the conditional independence assumption to allow for some dependence between conditional inputs, which is shown to be effective in realistic generation in our experiments. Second, we propose timestep-dependent weight scheduling for content and style features to further improve the performance. We also observe better controllability of our proposed methods compared to existing methods in image manipulation and image translation."
SweepNet: Unsupervised Learning Shape Abstraction via Neural Sweepers
Authors: Mingrui Zhao; Yizhi Wang; Fenggen Yu; Changqing Zou; Ali Mahdavi-Amiri
Venue: ECCV 2024 (main)

Abstract: "Shape abstraction is an important task for simplifying complex geometric structures while retaining essential features. Sweep surfaces, commonly found in human-made objects, aid in this process by effectively capturing and representing object geometry, thereby facilitating abstraction. In this paper, we introduce , a novel approach to shape abstraction through sweep surfaces. We propose an effective parameterization for sweep surfaces, utilizing superellipses for profile representation and B-spline curves for the axis. This compact representation, requiring as few as 14 float numbers, facilitates intuitive and interactive editing while preserving shape details effectively. Additionally, by introducing a differentiable neural sweeper and an encoder-decoder architecture, we demonstrate the ability to predict sweep surface representations without supervision. We show the superiority of our model through several quantitative and qualitative experiments throughout the paper. Our code is available at https://mingrui-zhao.github. io/SweepNet/."
Leveraging Thermal Modality to Enhance Reconstruction in Low-Light Conditions
Authors: Jiacong Xu; Mingqian Liao; Ram Prabhakar Kathirvel; Vishal Patel
Venue: ECCV 2024 (main)

Abstract: "Neural Radiance Fields (NeRF) accomplishes photo-realistic novel view synthesis by learning the implicit volumetric representation of a scene from multi-view images, which faithfully convey the colorimetric information. However, sensor noises will contaminate low-value pixel signals, and the lossy camera image signal processor will further remove near-zero intensities in extremely dark situations, deteriorating the synthesis performance. Existing approaches reconstruct low-light scenes from raw images but struggle to recover texture and boundary details in dark regions. Additionally, they are unsuitable for high-speed models relying on explicit representations. To address these issues, we present Thermal-NeRF, which takes thermal and visible raw images as inputs, considering the thermal camera is robust to the illumination variation and raw images preserve any possible clues in the dark, to accomplish visible and thermal view synthesis simultaneously. Also, the first multi-view thermal and visible dataset (MVTV) is established to support the research on multimodal NeRF. Thermal-NeRF achieves the best trade-off between detail preservation and noise smoothing and provides better synthesis performance than previous work. Finally, we demonstrate that both modalities are beneficial to each other in 3D reconstruction. Code and dataset can be accessed via https://github.com/XuJiacong/Thermal-NeRF"
On the Viability of Monocular Depth Pre-training for Semantic Segmentation
Authors: Dong Lao; Fengyu Yang; Daniel Wang; Hyoungseob Park; Samuel Lu; Alex Wong; Stefano Soatto
Venue: ECCV 2024 (main)

Abstract: "The question of whether pre-training on geometric tasks is viable for downstream transfer to semantic tasks is important for two reasons, one practical and the other scientific. If the answer is positive, we may be able to reduce pre-training costs and bias from human annotators significantly. If the answer is negative, it may shed light on the role of embodiment in the emergence of language and other cognitive functions in evolutionary history. To frame the question in a way that is testable with current means, we pre-train a model on a geometric task, and test whether that can be used to prime a notion of “object” that enables inference of semantics as soon as symbols (labels) are assigned. We choose monocular depth prediction as the geometric task, and semantic segmentation as the downstream semantic task, and design a collection of empirical tests by exploring different forms of supervision, training pipelines, and data sources for both depth pre-training and semantic fine-tuning. We find that monocular depth is a viable form of pre-training for semantic segmentation, validated by improvements over common baselines. Based on the findings, we propose several possible mechanisms behind the improvements, including their relation to dataset size, resolution, architecture, in/out-of-domain source data, and validate them through a wide range of ablation studies. We also find that optical flow, which at first glance may seem as good as depth prediction since it optimizes the same photometric reprojection error, is considerably less effective, as it does not explicitly aim to infer the latent structure of the scene, but rather the raw phenomenology of temporally adjacent images. Code: https: //github.com/donglao/DepthToSemantic."
Fairness-aware Vision Transformer via Debiased Self-Attention
Authors: Yao Qiang; Chengyin Li; Prashant Khanduri; Dongxiao Zhu
Venue: ECCV 2024 (main)

Abstract: "Vision Transformer (ViT) has recently gained significant attention in solving computer vision (CV) problems due to its capability of extracting informative features and modeling long-range dependencies through the attention mechanism. Whereas recent works have explored the trustworthiness of ViT, including its robustness and explainability, the issue of fairness has not yet been adequately addressed. We establish that the existing fairness-aware algorithms designed for CNNs do not perform well on ViT, which highlights the need to develop our novel framework via Debiased Self-Attention (DSA). DSA is a fairness-through-blindness approach that enforces ViT to eliminate spurious features correlated with the sensitive label for bias mitigation and simultaneously retain real features for target prediction. Notably, DSA leverages adversarial examples to locate and mask the spurious features in the input image patches with an additional attention weights alignment regularizer in the training objective to encourage learning real features for target prediction. Importantly, our DSA framework leads to improved fairness guarantees over prior works on multiple prediction tasks without compromising target prediction performance. Code is available at https://github.com/qiangyao1988/DSA."
EgoPet: Egomotion and Interaction Data from an Animal's Perspective
Authors: Amir Bar; Arya Bakhtiar; Danny L Tran; Antonio Loquercio; Jathushan Rajasegaran; yann lecun; Amir Globerson; Trevor Darrell
Venue: ECCV 2024 (main)

Abstract: "Animals perceive the world to plan their actions and interact with other agents to accomplish complex tasks, demonstrating capabilities that are still unmatched by AI systems. To advance our understanding and reduce the gap between the capabilities of animals and AI systems, we introduce a dataset of pet egomotion imagery with diverse examples of simultaneous egomotion and multi-agent interaction. Current video datasets separately contain egomotion and interaction examples, but rarely both at the same time. In addition, EgoPet offers a radically distinct perspective from existing egocentric datasets of humans or vehicles. We define two in-domain benchmark tasks that capture animal behavior, and a third benchmark to assess the utility of EgoPet as a pretraining resource to robotic quadruped locomotion, showing that models trained from EgoPet outperform those trained from prior datasets. 1 1 Project page: www.amirbar.net/egopet"
Deep Companion Learning: Enhancing Generalization Through Historical Consistency
Authors: Ruizhao Zhu; Venkatesh Saligrama
Venue: ECCV 2024 (main)

Abstract: "We propose Deep Companion Learning (DCL), a novel training method for Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) that enhances generalization by penalizing inconsistent model predictions compared to its historical performance. To achieve this, we train a deep-companion model (DCM), by using previous versions of the model to provide forecasts on new inputs. This companion model deciphers a meaningful latent semantic structure within the data, thereby providing targeted supervision that encourages the primary model to address the scenarios it finds most challenging. We validate our approach through both theoretical analysis and extensive experimentation, including ablation studies, on a variety of benchmark datasets (CIFAR-100, Tiny-ImageNet, ImageNet-1K) using diverse architectural models (ShuffleNetV2, ResNet, Vision Transformer, etc.), demonstrating state-of-the-art performance."
Neural graphics texture compression supporting random access
Authors: Farzad Farhadzadeh; Qiqi Hou; Hoang Le; Amir Said; Randall R Rauwendaal; Alex Bourd; Fatih Porikli
Venue: ECCV 2024 (main)

Abstract: "Advances in rendering have led to tremendous growth in texture assets, including resolution, complexity, and novel textures components, but this growth in data volume has not been matched by advances in its compression. Meanwhile Neural Image Compression (NIC) has advanced significantly and shown promising results, but the proposed methods cannot be directly adapted to neural texture compression. First, texture compression requires on-demand and real-time decoding with random access during parallel rendering (e.g. block texture decompression on GPUs). Additionally, NIC does not support multi-resolution reconstruction (mip-levels), nor does it have the ability to efficiently jointly compress different sets of texture channels. In this work, we introduce a novel approach to texture set compression that integrates traditional GPU texture representation and NIC techniques, designed to enable random access and support many-channel texture sets. To achieve this goal, we propose an asymmetric auto-encoder framework that employs a convolutional encoder to capture detailed information in a bottleneck-latent space, and at decoder side we utilize a fully connected network, whose inputs are sampled latent features plus positional information, for a given texture coordinate and mip level. This latent data is defined to enable simplified access to multi-resolution data by simply changing the scanning strides. Experimental results demonstrate that this approach provides much better results than conventional texture compression, and significant improvement over the latest method using neural networks."
Contrastive Learning with Synthetic Positives
Authors: Dewen Zeng; Xinrong Hu; Yawen Wu; Xiaowei Xu; Yiyu Shi
Venue: ECCV 2024 (main)

Abstract: "Contrastive learning with the nearest neighbor has proved to be one of the most efficient self-supervised learning (SSL) techniques by utilizing the similarity of multiple instances within the same class. However, its efficacy is constrained as the nearest neighbor algorithm primarily identifies “easy” positive pairs, where the representations are already closely located in the embedding space. In this paper, we introduce a novel approach called Contrastive Learning with Synthetic Positives (CLSP) that utilizes synthetic images, generated by an unconditional diffusion model, as the additional positives to help the model learn from diverse positives. Through feature interpolation in the diffusion model sampling process, we generate images with distinct backgrounds yet similar semantic content to the anchor image. These images are considered “hard” positives for the anchor image, and when included as supplementary positives in the contrastive loss, they contribute to a performance improvement of over 2% and 1% in linear evaluation compared to the previous NNCLR and All4One methods across multiple benchmark datasets such as CIFAR10, achieving state-of-the-art methods. On transfer learning benchmarks, CLSP outperforms existing SSL frameworks on 6 out of 8 downstream datasets. We believe CLSP establishes a valuable baseline for future SSL studies incorporating synthetic data in the training process. The source code is available at https://github.com/dewenzeng/clsp."
GeneralAD: Anomaly Detection Across Domains by Attending to Distorted Features
Authors: Luc P.J. Sträter; Mohammadreza Salehi; Efstratios Gavves; Cees G.M. Snoek; Yuki M. Asano
Venue: ECCV 2024 (main)

Abstract: "In the domain of anomaly detection, methods often excel in either high-level semantic or low-level industrial benchmarks, rarely achieving cross-domain proficiency. Semantic anomalies are novelties that differ in meaning from the training set, like unseen objects in self-driving cars. In contrast, industrial anomalies are subtle defects that preserve semantic meaning, such as cracks in airplane components. In this paper, we present GeneralAD, an anomaly detection framework designed to operate in semantic, near-distribution, and industrial settings with minimal per-task adjustments. In our approach, we capitalize on the inherent design of Vision Transformers, which are trained on image patches, thereby ensuring that the last hidden states retain a patch-based structure. We propose a novel self-supervised anomaly generation module that employs straightforward operations like noise addition and shuffling to patch features to construct pseudo-abnormal samples. These features are fed to an attention-based discriminator, which is trained to score every patch in the image. With this, our method can both accurately identify anomalies at the image level and also generate interpretable anomaly maps. We extensively evaluated our approach on ten datasets, achieving state-of-the-art results in six and on-par performance in the remaining for both localization and detection tasks. Code available at https://github.com/ LucStrater/GeneralAD."
Interpretability-Guided Test-Time Adversarial Defense
Authors: Akshay Kulkarni; Tsui-Wei Weng
Venue: ECCV 2024 (main)

Abstract: "We propose a novel and low-cost test-time adversarial defense by devising interpretability-guided neuron importance ranking methods to identify neurons important to the output classes. Our method is a training-free approach that can significantly improve the robustness-accuracy tradeoff while incurring minimal computational overhead. While being among the most efficient test-time defenses (4× faster), our method is also robust to a wide range of black-box, white-box, and adaptive attacks that break previous test-time defenses. We demonstrate the efficacy of our method for CIFAR10, CIFAR100, and ImageNet-1k on the standard RobustBench benchmark (with average gains of 2.6%, 4.9%, and 2.8% respectively). We also show improvements (average 1.5%) over the state-of-the-art test-time defenses even under strong adaptive attacks."
DIM: Dyadic Interaction Modeling for Social Behavior Generation
Authors: Minh Tran; Di Chang; Maksim Siniukov; Mohammad Soleymani
Venue: ECCV 2024 (main)

Abstract: "Human-human communication is like a delicate dance where listeners and speakers concurrently interact to maintain conversational dynamics. Hence, an effective model for generating listener nonverbal behaviors requires understanding the dyadic context and interaction. In this paper, we present an effective framework for creating 3D facial motions in dyadic interactions. Existing work consider a listener as a reactive agent with reflexive behaviors to the speaker’s voice and facial motions. The heart of our framework is Dyadic Interaction Modeling (DIM), a pre-training approach that jointly models speakers’ and listeners’ motions through masking and contrastive learning to learn representations that capture the dyadic context. To enable the generation of non-deterministic behaviors, we encode both listener and speaker motions into discrete latent representations, through VQ-VAE. The pre-trained model is further fine-tuned for motion generation. Extensive experiments demonstrate the superiority of our framework in generating listener motions, establishing a new state-of-the-art according to the quantitative measures capturing the diversity and realism of generated motions. Qualitative results demonstrate the superior capabilities of the proposed approach in generating diverse and realistic expressions, eye blinks and head gestures."
Tri^{2}-plane: Thinking Head Avatar via Feature Pyramid
Authors: Luchuan Song; Pinxin Liu; Lele Chen; Guojun Yin; Chenliang Xu
Venue: ECCV 2024 (main)

Abstract: "Recent years have witnessed considerable achievements in facial avatar reconstruction with neural volume rendering. Despite notable advancements, the reconstruction of complex and dynamic head movements from monocular videos still suffers from capturing and restoring fine-grained details. In this work, we propose a novel approach, named Tri2 -plane, for monocular photo-realistic volumetric head avatar reconstructions. Distinct from the existing works that rely on a single tri-plane deformation field for dynamic facial modeling, the proposed Tri2 -plane leverages the principle of feature pyramids and three top-to-down lateral connections tri-planes for details improvement. It samples and renders facial details at multiple scales, transitioning from the entire face to specific local regions and then to even more refined sub-regions. Moreover, we incorporate a camera-based geometry-aware sliding window method as an augmentation in training, which improves the robustness beyond the canonical space, with a particular improvement in cross-identity generation capabilities. Experimental outcomes indicate that the Tri2 -plane not only surpasses existing methodologies but also achieves superior performance across quantitative and qualitative assessments. The project website is: https://songluchuan.github.io/Tri2Plane.github. io/."
ControlCap: Controllable Region-level Captioning
Authors: Yuzhong Zhao; Liu Yue; Zonghao Guo; weijia wu; Chen Gong; Qixiang Ye; Fang Wan
Venue: ECCV 2024 (main)

Abstract: "Region-level captioning is challenged by the caption degeneration issue, which refers to that pre-trained multimodal models tend to predict the most frequent captions but miss the less frequent ones. In this study, we propose a controllable region-level captioning (ControlCap) approach, which introduces control words to a multimodal model to address the caption degeneration issue. In specific, ControlCap leverages a discriminative module to generate control words within the caption space to partition it to multiple sub-spaces. The multimodal model is constrained to generate captions within a few sub-spaces containing the control words, which increases the opportunity of hitting less frequent captions, alleviating the caption degeneration issue. Furthermore, interactive control words can be given by either a human or an expert model, which enables captioning beyond the training caption space, enhancing the model’s generalization ability. Extensive experiments on Visual Genome and RefCOCOg datasets show that ControlCap respectively improves the CIDEr score by 21.6 and 2.2, outperforming the state-of-the-arts by significant margins. Code is available at https://github.com/callsys/ControlCap"
Free Lunch for Gait Recognition: A Novel Relation Descriptor
Authors: Jilong Wang; Saihui Hou; Yan Huang; Chunshui Cao; Xu Liu; Yongzhen Huang; Tianzhu Zhang; Liang Wang
Venue: ECCV 2024 (main)

Abstract: "Gait recognition is to seek correct matches for query individuals by their unique walking patterns. However, current methods focus solely on extracting individual-specific features, overlooking “interpersonal” relationships. In this paper, we propose a novel Relation Descriptor that captures not only individual features but also relations between test gaits and pre-selected gait anchors. Specifically, we reinterpret classifier weights as gait anchors and compute similarity scores between test features and these anchors, which re-expresses individual gait features into a similarity relation distribution. In essence, the relation descriptor offers a holistic perspective that leverages the collective knowledge stored within the classifier’s weights, emphasizing meaningful patterns and enhancing robustness. Despite its potential, relation descriptor poses dimensionality challenges since its dimension depends on the training set’s identity count. To address this, we propose Farthest gait-Anchor Selection to identify the most discriminative gait anchors and an Orthogonal Regularization Loss to increase diversity within gait anchors. Compared to individual-specific features extracted from the backbone, our relation descriptor can boost the performance nearly without any extra costs. We evaluate the effectiveness of our method on the popular GREW, Gait3D, OU-MVLP, CASIA-B, and CCPG, showing that our method consistently outperforms the baselines and achieves state-of-the-art performance."