GenAI4ELab/papercli-papers huggingface dataset:
SMAP: Single-Shot Multi-Person Absolute 3D Pose Estimation
Authors: Jianan Zhen; Qi Fang; Jiaming Sun; Wentao Liu; Wei Jiang; Hujun Bao; Xiaowei Zhou
Venue: ECCV 2020 (main)

Abstract: Recovering multi-person 3D poses with absolute scales from a single RGB image is a challenging problem due to the inherent depth and scale ambiguity from a single view. Addressing this ambiguity requires to aggregate various cues over the entire image, such as body sizes, scene layouts, and inter-person relationships. However, most previous methods adopt a top-down scheme that first performs 2D pose detection and then regresses the 3D pose and scale for each detected person individually, ignoring global contextual cues. In this paper, we propose a novel system that first regresses a set of 2.5D representations of body parts and then reconstructs the 3D absolute poses based on these 2.5D representations with a depth-aware part association algorithm. Such a single-shot bottom-up scheme allows the system to better learn and reason about the inter-person depth relationship, improving both 3D and 2D pose estimation. The experiments demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves the state-of-the-art performance on the CMU Panoptic and MuPoTS-3D datasets and is applicable to in-the-wild videos."
Learning to Detect Open Classes for Universal Domain Adaptation
Authors: Bo Fu; Zhangjie Cao; Mingsheng Long; Jianmin Wang
Venue: ECCV 2020 (main)

Abstract: Universal domain adaptation (UDA) transfers knowledge between domains without any constraint on the label sets, extending the applicability of domain adaptation in the wild. In UDA, both the source and target label sets may hold individual labels not shared by the other domain. A mph{de facto} challenge of UDA is to classify the target examples in the shared classes against the domain shift. Another more prominent challenge of UDA is to mark the target examples in the target-individual label set (open classes) as ``unknown''. These two entangled challenges make UDA a highly under-explored problem. Previous work on UDA focuses on the classification of data in the shared classes and uses per-class accuracy as the evaluation metric, which is badly biased to the accuracy of shared classes. However, accurately detecting open classes is the mission-critical task to enable real universal domain adaptation. It further turns UDA problem into a well-established close-set domain adaptation problem. Towards accurate open class detection, we propose Calibrated Multiple Uncertainties (CMU) with a novel transferability measure estimated by a mixture of uncertainty quantities in complementation: entropy, confidence and consistency, defined on conditional probabilities calibrated by a multi-classifier ensemble model. The new transferability measure accurately quantifies the inclination of a target example to the open classes. We also propose a novel evaluation metric called H-score, which emphasizes the importance of both accuracies of the shared classes and the ``unknown'' class. Empirical results under the UDA setting show that CMU outperforms the state-of-the-art domain adaptation methods on all the evaluation metrics, especially by a large margin on the H-score."
Visual Compositional Learning for Human-Object Interaction Detection
Authors: Zhi Hou; Xiaojiang Peng; Yu Qiao; Dacheng Tao
Venue: ECCV 2020 (main)

Abstract: Human-Object interaction (HOI) detection aims to localize and infer relationships between human and objects in an image. It is challenging because an enormous number of possible combinations of objects and verbs types forms a long-tail distribution. We devise a deep Visual Compositional Learning (VCL) framework, which is a simple yet efficient framework to effectively address this problem. VCL first decomposes an HOI representation into object and verb specific features, and then composes new interaction samples in the feature space via stitching the decomposed features. The integration of decomposition and composition enables VCL to share object and verb features among different HOI samples and images, and to generate new interaction samples and new types of HOI, and thus largely alleviates the long-tail distribution problem and benefits low-shot or zero-shot HOI detection. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed VCL can effectively improve the generalization of HOI detection on HICO-DET and V-COCO and outperforms the recent state-of-the-art methods on HICO-DET."
Deep Plastic Surgery: Robust and Controllable Image Editing with Human-Drawn Sketches
Authors: Shuai Yang; Zhangyang Wang; Jiaying Liu; Zongming Guo
Venue: ECCV 2020 (main)

Abstract: Sketch-based image editing aims to synthesize and modify photos based on the structural information provided by the human-drawn sketches. Since sketches are difficult to collect, previous methods mainly use edge maps instead of sketches to train models (referred to as edge-based models). However, human-drawn sketches display great structural discrepancy with edge maps, thus failing edge-based models. Moreover, sketches often demonstrate huge variety among different users, demanding even higher generalizability and robustness for the editing model to work. In this paper, we propose Deep Plastic Surgery, a novel, robust and controllable image editing framework that allows users to interactively edit images using hand-drawn sketch inputs. We present a sketch refinement strategy, as inspired by the coarse-to-fine drawing process of the artists, which we show can help our model well adapt to casual and varied sketches without the need for real sketch training data. Our model further provides a refinement level control parameter that enables users to flexibly define how ``reliable'' the input sketch should be considered for the final output, balancing between sketch faithfulness and output verisimilitude (as the two goals might contradict if the input sketch is drawn poorly). To achieve the multi-level refinement, we introduce a style-based module for level conditioning, which allows adaptive feature representations for different levels in a singe network. Extensive experimental results demonstrate the superiority of our approach in improving the visual quality and user controllablity of image editing over the state-of-the-art methods. "
Rethinking Class Activation Mapping for Weakly Supervised Object Localization
Authors: Wonho Bae; Junhyug Noh; Gunhee Kim
Venue: ECCV 2020 (main)

Abstract: Weakly supervised object localization (WSOL) is a task of localizing an object in an image only using image-level labels. To tackle the WSOL problem, most previous studies have followed the conventional class activation mapping (CAM) pipeline: (i) training CNNs for a classification objective, (ii) generating a class activation map via global average pooling (GAP) on feature maps, and (iii) extracting bounding boxes by thresholding based on the maximum value of the class activation map. In this work, we reveal the current CAM approach suffers from three fundamental issues: (i) the bias of GAP that assigns a higher weight to a channel with a small activation area, (ii) negatively weighted activations inside the object regions and (iii) instability from the use of the maximum value of a class activation map as a thresholding reference. They collectively cause the problem that the localization to be highly limited to small regions of an object. We propose three simple but robust techniques that alleviate the problems, including thresholded average pooling, negative weight clamping, and percentile as a standard for thresholding. Our solutions are universally applicable to any WSOL methods using CAM and improve their performance drastically. As a result, we achieve the new state-of-the-art performance on three benchmark datasets of CUB-200-2011, ImageNet-1K, and OpenImages30K."
OS2D: One-Stage One-Shot Object Detection by Matching Anchor Features
Authors: Anton Osokin; Denis Sumin; Vasily Lomakin
Venue: ECCV 2020 (main)

Abstract: In this paper, we consider the task of one-shot object detection, which consists in detecting objects defined by a single demonstration. Differently from the standard object detection, the classes of objects used for training and testing do not overlap. We build the one-stage system that performs localization and recognition jointly. We use dense correlation matching of learned local features to find correspondences, a feed-forward geometric transformation model to align features and bilinear resampling of the correlation tensor to compute the detection score of the aligned features. All the components are differentiable, which allows end-to-end training. Experimental evaluation on several challenging domains (retail products, 3D objects, buildings and logos) shows that our method can detect unseen classes (e.g., toothpaste when trained on groceries) and outperforms several baselines by a significant margin. Our code is available online: https://github.com/aosokin/os2d"
Interpretable Neural Network Decoupling
Authors: Yuchao Li; Rongrong Ji; Shaohui Lin; Baochang Zhang; Chenqian Yan; Yongjian Wu; Feiyue Huang; Ling Shao
Venue: ECCV 2020 (main)

Abstract: The remarkable performance of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) is entangled with their huge number of uninterpretable parameters, which has become the bottleneck limiting the exploitation of their full potential. Towards network interpretation, previous endeavors mainly resort to the single filter analysis, which however ignores the relationship between filters. In this paper, we propose a novel architecture decoupling method to interpret the network from a perspective of investigating its calculation paths. More specifically, we introduce a novel architecture controlling module in each layer to encode the network architecture by a vector. By maximizing the mutual information between the vectors and input images, the module is trained to select specific filters to distill a unique calculation path for each input. Furthermore, to improve the interpretability and compactness of the decoupled network, the output of each layer is encoded to align the architecture encoding vector with the constraint of sparsity regularization. Unlike conventional pixel-level or filter-level network interpretation methods, we propose a path-level analysis to explore the relationship between the combination of filter and semantic concepts, which is more suitable to interpret the working rationale of the network. Extensive experiments show that the decoupled network achieves several applications, i.e., network interpretation, network acceleration, and adversarial samples detection."
Omni-sourced Webly-supervised Learning for Video Recognition
Authors: Haodong Duan; Yue Zhao; Yuanjun Xiong; Wentao Liu; Dahua Lin
Venue: ECCV 2020 (main)

Abstract: We introduce OmniSource, a novel framework for leveraging web data to train video recognition models. OmniSource overcomes the barriers between data formats, such as images, short videos, and long untrimmed videos for webly-supervised learning. First, data samples with multiple formats, curated by task-specific data collection and automatically filtered by a teacher model, are transformed into a unified form. Then a joint-training strategy is proposed to deal with the domain gaps between multiple data sources and formats in webly-supervised learning. Several good practices, including data balancing, resampling, and cross-dataset mixup are adopted in joint training. Experiments show that by utilizing data from multiple sources and formats, OmniSource is more data-efficient in training. With only 3.5M images and 800K minutes videos crawled from the internet without human labeling (less than 2% of prior works), our models learned with OmniSource improve Top-1 accuracy of 2D- and 3D-ConvNet baseline models by 3.0% and 3.9%, respectively, on the Kinetics-400 benchmark. With OmniSource, we establish new records with different pretraining strategies for video recognition. Our best models achieve 80.4%, 80.5%, and 83.6% Top-1 accuracies on the Kinetics-400 benchmark respectively for training-from-scratch, ImageNet pre-training and IG-65M pre-training."
CurveLane-NAS: Unifying Lane-Sensitive Architecture Search and Adaptive Point Blending
Authors: Hang Xu; Shaoju Wang; Xinyue Cai; Wei Zhang; Xiaodan Liang; Zhenguo Li
Venue: ECCV 2020 (main)

Abstract: We address the curve lane detection problem which poses more real-world challenges than conventional lane detection for better facilitating modern assisted/autonomous driving systems. Current hand-designed lane detection methods are not robust enough to capture the curve lanes especially the remote ones due to the lack of modeling both long-range contextual information and detailed curve trajectory. In this paper, we propose a novel lane-sensitive architecture search framework named CurveLane-NAS to automatically capture both long-ranged coherent and accurate short-range curve information while unifying both architecture search and post-processing on curve lane predictions via point blending. It consists of three search modules: a) a feature fusion search module to find a better fusion of the local and global context for multi-level hierarchy features; b) an elastic backbone search module to explore an efficient feature extractor with good semantics and latency; c) an adaptive point blending module to search a multi-level post-processing refinement strategy to combine multi-level head prediction. The unified framework ensures lane-sensitive predictions by the mutual guidance between NAS and adaptive point blending. Furthermore, we also steer forward to release a more challenging benchmark named CurveLanes for addressing the most difficult curve lanes. It consists of 150K images with 680K labels. Experiments on the new CurveLanes show that the SOTA lane detection methods suffer substantial performance drop while our model can still reach an 80+% F1-score. Extensive experiments on traditional lane benchmarks such as CULane also demonstrate the superiority of our CurveLane-NAS, e.g. achieving a new SOTA result 74.8% of F1-score on CULane dataset."
Contextual-Relation Consistent Domain Adaptation for Semantic Segmentation
Authors: Jiaxing Huang; Shijian Lu; Dayan Guan; Xiaobing Zhang
Venue: ECCV 2020 (main)

Abstract: Recent advances in unsupervised domain adaptation for semantic segmentation have shown great potentials to relieve the demand of expensive per-pixel annotations. However, most existing works address the domain discrepancy by aligning the data distributions of two domains at a global image level whereas the local consistencies are largely neglected. This paper presents an innovative local contextual-relation consistent domain adaptation (CrCDA) technique that aims to achieve local-level consistencies during the global-level alignment. The idea is to take a closer look at region-wise feature representations and align them for local-level consistencies. Specifically, CrCDA learns and enforces the prototypical local contextual-relations explicitly in the feature space of a labelled source domain while transferring them to an unlabelled target domain via backpropagation-based adversarial learning. An adaptive entropy max-min adversarial learning scheme is designed to optimally align these hundreds of local contextual-relations across domain without requiring discriminator or extra computation overhead. The proposed CrCDA has been evaluated extensively over two challenging domain adaptive segmentation tasks (e.g., GTA5 to Cityscapes and SYNTHIA to Cityscapes), and experiments demonstrate its superior segmentation performance as compared with state-of-the-art methods."
Estimating People Flows to Better Count Them in Crowded Scenes
Authors: Weizhe Liu; Mathieu Salzmann; Pascal Fua
Venue: ECCV 2020 (main)

Abstract: Modern methods for counting people in crowded scenes rely on deep networks to estimate people densities in individual images. As such, only very few take advantage of temporal consistency in video sequences, and those that do only impose weak smoothness constraints across consecutive frames.In this paper, we advocate estimating people flows across image locations between consecutive images and inferring the people densities from these flows instead of directly regressing. This enables us to impose much stronger constraints encoding the conservation of the number of people. As a result, it significantly boosts performance without requiring a more complex architecture. Furthermore, it also enables us to exploit the correlation between people flow and optical flow to further improve the results.We will demonstrate that we consistently outperform state-of-the-art methods on five benchmark datasets. "
Generate to Adapt: Resolution Adaption Network for Surveillance Face Recognition
Authors: Han Fang; Weihong Deng; Yaoyao Zhong; Jiani Hu
Venue: ECCV 2020 (main)

Abstract: Although deep learning techniques have largely improved face recognition, unconstrained surveillance face recognition (FR) is still an unsolved challenge, due to the limited training data and the gap of domain distribution. Previous methods mostly match low-resolution and high-resolution faces in different domains, which tend to deteriorate the original feature space in the common recognition scenarios. To avoid this problem, we propose a novel resolution adaption network (RAN) which contains Multi-Resolution Generative Adversarial Networks (MR-GAN) followed by a feature adaption network. MR-GAN learns multi-resolution representations and randomly selects one resolution to generate realistic low-resolution (LR) faces that can avoid the artifacts of down-sampled faces. A novel feature adaption network with translation gate is developed to fuse the discriminative information of the generated LR faces into backbone network, while preserving the discrimination ability of original face representations. The experimental results on IJB-C TinyFace, SCface, QMUL-SurvFace datasets have demonstrated the superiority of our proposed method compared with state-of-the-art surveillance face recognition methods, while showing stable performance on the common recognition scenarios."
Learning Feature Embeddings for Discriminant Model based Tracking
Authors: Linyu Zheng; Ming Tang; Yingying Chen; Jinqiao Wang; Hanqing Lu
Venue: ECCV 2020 (main)

Abstract: After observing that the features used in most online discriminatively trained trackers are not optimal, in this paper, we propose a novel and effective architecture to learn optimal feature embeddings for online discriminative tracking. Our method, called DCFST, integrates the solver of a discriminant model that is differentiable and has a closed-form solution into convolutional neural networks. Then, the resulting network can be trained in an end-to-end way, obtaining optimal feature embeddings for the discriminant model-based tracker. As an instance, we apply the popular ridge regression model in this work to demonstrate the power of DCFST. Extensive experiments on six public benchmarks, OTB2015, NFS, GOT10k, TrackingNet, VOT2018, and VOT2019, show that our approach is efficient and generalizes well to class-agnostic target objects in online tracking, thus achieves state-of-the-art accuracy, while running beyond the real-time speed. Code will be made available."
WeightNet: Revisiting the Design Space of Weight Networks
Authors: Ningning Ma; Xiangyu Zhang; Jiawei Huang; Jian Sun
Venue: ECCV 2020 (main)

Abstract: We present a conceptually simple, flexible and effective framework for weight generating networks. Our approach is general that unifies two current distinct and extremely effective SENet and CondConv into the same framework on weight space. The method, called WeightNet, generalizes the two methods by simply adding one more grouped fully-connected layer to the attention activation layer. We use the WeightNet, composed entirely of (grouped) fully-connected layers, to directly output the convolutional weight. WeightNet is easy and memory-conserving to train, on the kernel space instead of the feature space. Because of the flexibility, our method outperforms existing approaches on both ImageNet and COCO detection tasks, achieving better Accuracy-FLOPs and Accuracy-Parameter trade-offs. The framework on the flexible weight space has the potential to further improve the performance."
Partially-Shared Variational Auto-encoders for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation with Target Shift
Authors: Ryuhei Takahashi; Atsushi Hashimoto; Motoharu Sonogashira; Masaaki Iiyama
Venue: ECCV 2020 (main)

Abstract: This paper discusses unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) with target shift, i.e., UDA with the non-identical label distributions of the source and target domains. In practice, this is an important problem; as we do not know labels in target domain datasets, we do not know whether or not its distribution is identical to that in the source domain dataset. Despite the inaccessibility to the shape of label distribution in the target domain, a common approach of modern UDA methods reduces the gap between the feature distributions of source and target domains, which implicitly assumes that the label distributions are identical, resulting in an unsatisfactory performance upon target shift. To overcome this problem, the proposed method, partially shared variational autoencoders (PS-VAEs), uses a pair-wise feature alignment instead of feature distribution matching. PS-VAEs inter-convert domain of each sample by a CycleGAN-based architecture while preserving its label-related content by sharing weights of two domain conversion branches as much as possible. To evaluate the performance of PS-VAEs, we carried out two experiments: UDA from synthesized data to real observation in human-pose estimation (regression) and UDA under controlled target shift intensities with digits datasets (classification). The proposed method outperformed the other methods in the regression task with a large margin while presenting its robustness with various levels of target shift."
Learning Where to Focus for Efficient Video Object Detection
Authors: Zhengkai Jiang; Yu Liu; Ceyuan Yang; Jihao Liu; Peng Gao; Qian Zhang; Shiming Xiang; Chunhong Pan
Venue: ECCV 2020 (main)

Abstract: Transferring existing image-based detectors to the video is non-trivial since the quality of frames is always deteriorated by part occlusion, rare pose, and motion blur. Previous approaches exploit to propagate and aggregate features across video frames by using optical flow-warping. However, directly applying image-level optical flow onto the high-level features might not establish accurate spatial correspondences. Therefore, a novel module called Learnable Spatio-Temporal Sampling (LSTS) has been proposed to learn semantic-level correspondences among frame features accurately. The sampled locations are first randomly initialized, then updated iteratively to find better spatial correspondences guided by detection supervision progressively. Besides, Sparsely Recursive Feature Updating (SRFU) module and Dense Feature Aggregation (DFA) module are also introduced to model temporal relations and enhance per-frame features, respectively. Without bells and whistles, the proposed method achieves state-of-the-art performance on the ImageNet VID dataset with less computational complexity and real-time speed. Code will be made available."