GenAI4ELab/papercli-papers huggingface dataset:
Beyond the Static World: Continual Category Discovery under Visual Drift
Authors: Wei Feng; Yiwen Jiang; Sijin Zhou; Zongyuan Ge
Venue: CVPR 2026 (main)

Abstract: Generalized Category Discovery (GCD) aims to identify both known and novel classes from unlabeled data with the aid of labeled examples. While promising, most existing GCD methods rely on simultaneous access to labeled and unlabeled datasets--an assumption often impractical in real-world deployments. Continual Category Discovery (CCD) relaxes this requirement by adapting a pre-trained model to streaming unlabeled data, yet it typically assumes domain-consistent data distributions. This places a strong limitation on its applicability. In this work, we study Open Continual Category Discovery (OCCD), where the model must robustly discover previously unseen concepts from real-world data streams that may originate from heterogeneous and shifting domains. To address this, we propose an adaptive framework built on three key ideas. First, we propose a weight-aware separation module, which leverages partial unbalanced optimal transport for instance probability modeling and employs binary response spectrum quantization to generate cues for distinguishing known and unknown categories, enabling automatic sample separation. Second, for known categories, we introduce a cross-domain semantic alignment module that incorporates adversarial learning to perform adaptive prototype matching, thereby enhancing robustness against domain shifts. Finally, for unknown categories, we design a category topology consistency constraint that preserves semantic relationships between known and novel classes during distribution shifts. Experiments show our approach excels at discovering new categories while maintaining strong performance on known ones in evolving domains.
SEATrack: Simple, Efficient, and Adaptive Multimodal Tracker
Authors: Junbin Su; Ziteng Xue; Shihui Zhang; Kun Chen; Weiming Hu; Zhipeng Zhang
Venue: CVPR 2026 (main)

Abstract: Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) in multimodal tracking reveals a concerning trend where recent performance gains are often achieved at the cost of inflated parameter budgets, which fundamentally erodes PEFT's efficiency promise. In this work, we introduce SEATrack, a Simple, Efficient, and Adaptive two-stream multimodal tracker that tackles this performance-efficiency dilemma from two complementary perspectives. We first prioritize cross-modal alignment of matching responses, an underexplored yet pivotal factor that we argue is essential for breaking the trade-off. Specifically, we observe that modality-specific biases in existing two-stream methods generate conflicting matching attention maps, thereby hindering effective joint representation learning. To mitigate this, we propose AMG-LoRA, which seamlessly integrates Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) for domain adaptation with Adaptive Mutual Guidance (AMG) to dynamically refine and align attention maps across modalities. We then depart from conventional local fusion approaches by introducing a Hierarchical Mixture of Experts (HMoE) that enables efficient global relation modeling, effectively balancing expressiveness and computational efficiency in cross-modal fusion. Equipped with these innovations, SEATrack advances notable progress over state-of-the-art methods in balancing performance with efficiency across RGB-T, RGB-D, and RGB-E tracking tasks. Code is available.
Rethinking Concept Bottleneck Models: From Pitfalls to Solutions
Authors: Merve Tapli; Quentin Bouniot; Wolfgang Stammer; Zeynep Akata; Emre Akbas
Venue: CVPR 2026 (main)

Abstract: Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) ground predictions in human-understandable concepts but face fundamental limitations: the absence of a metric to pre-evaluate concept relevance, the "linearity problem" causing recent CBMs to bypass the concept bottleneck entirely, an accuracy gap compared to opaque models, and finally the lack of systematic study on the impact of different visual backbones and VLMs. We introduce CBM-Suite, a methodological framework to systematically addresses these challenges. First, we propose an entropy-based metric to quantify the intrinsic suitability of a concept set for a given dataset. Second, we resolve the linearity problem by inserting a non-linear layer between concept activations and the classifier, which ensures that model accuracy faithfully reflects concept relevance. Third, we narrow the accuracy gap by leveraging a distillation loss guided by a linear teacher probe. Finally, we provide comprehensive analyses on how different vision encoders, vision-language models, and concept sets interact to influence accuracy and interpretability in CBMs. Extensive evaluations show that CBM-Suite yields more accurate models and provides insights for improving concept-based interpretability.
WildRayZer: Self-supervised Large View Synthesis in Dynamic Environments
Authors: Xuweiyi Chen; Wentao Zhou; Zezhou Cheng
Venue: CVPR 2026 (main)

Abstract: We present WildRayZer, a self-supervised framework for novel view synthesis (NVS) in dynamic environments where both the camera and objects move. Dynamic content breaks the multi-view consistency that static NVS models rely on, leading to ghosting, hallucinated geometry, and unstable pose estimation. WildRayZer addresses this by performing an analysis-by-synthesis test: a camera-only static renderer explains rigid structure, and its residuals reveal transient regions. From these residuals, we construct pseudo motion masks, distill a motion estimator, and use it to mask input tokens and gate loss gradients so supervision focuses on cross-view background completion. To enable large-scale training and evaluation, we curate Dynamic RealEstate10K (D-RE10K), a real-world dataset of 15K casually captured dynamic sequences, and D-RE10K-iPhone, a paired transient and clean benchmark for sparse-view transient-aware NVS. Experiments show that WildRayZer consistently outperforms optimization-based and feed-forward baselines in both transient-region removal and full-frame NVS quality with a single feed-forward pass.
Attribution as Retrieval: Model-Agnostic AI-Generated Image Attribution
Authors: Hongsong Wang; Renxi Cheng; Chaolei Han; Jie Gui
Venue: CVPR 2026 (main)

Abstract: With the rapid advancement of AIGC technologies, image forensics will encounter unprecedented challenges. Traditional methods are incapable of dealing with increasingly realistic images generated by rapidly evolving image generation techniques. To facilitate the identification of AI-generated images and the attribution of their source models, generative image watermarking and AI-generated image attribution have emerged as key research focuses in recent years. However, existing methods are model-dependent, requiring access to the generative models and lacking generality and scalability to new and unseen generators. To address these limitations, this work presents a new paradigm for AI-generated image attribution by formulating it as an instance retrieval problem instead of a conventional image classification problem. We propose an efficient model-agnostic framework, called Low-bIt-plane-based Deepfake Attribution (LIDA). The input to LIDA is produced by Low-Bit Fingerprint Generation module, while the training involves Unsupervised Pre-Training followed by subsequent Few-Shot Attribution Adaptation.Comprehensive experiments demonstrate that LIDA achieves state-of-the-art performance for both Deepfake detection and image attribution under zero- and few-shot settings. The code is at https://github.com/hongsong-wang/LIDA
Dual-level Adapter Boosting Prompt-free Curvilinear Structure Segmentation
Authors: Kai Zhu; Li Chen; Jun Cheng
Venue: CVPR 2026 (main)

Abstract: Curvilinear structure segmentation is essential in domains such as medical imaging, remote sensing, and materials science. Existing methods often require extensive domain-specific training and lack generalization to novel domains. To overcome these limitations, we propose the Segment Anything Curve Model (SACM) -- a universal, curvilinear segmentation framework built upon the pretrained Segment Anything Model (SAM). SACM introduces a dual-level adapter architecture that enables both fine-grained and domain-adaptive enhancement: block-level internal adapters refine local structural representations, while external adapters facilitate cross-domain feature alignment. Specifically, the internal adapters are embedded within each Transformer block to locally adapt and refine features for thin and intricate curvilinear patterns, while the external adapters operate across blocks to capture global, multi-layer contextual information and facilitate domain adaptation. Furthermore, SACM introduces a feature fusion mechanism that aggregates multi-layer features from all external adapters and fuses them via a Feed-Forward Network (FFN) module, and a dual-stage refinement process in the mask decoder to enhance topology and connectivity. This design enables prompt-free, data-efficient fine-tuning and achieves robust cross-domain generalization when trained with only 18 annotated images. Extensive experiments across twelve diverse curvilinear datasets validate that SACM achieves state-of-the-art performance.
Visual Personalization Turing Test
Authors: Rameen Abdal; James Burgess; Sergey Tulyakov; Kuan-Chieh Jackson Wang
Venue: CVPR 2026 (main)

Abstract: We introduce the Visual Personalization Turing Test (VPTT), a new paradigm for evaluating contextual visual personalization based on perceptual indistinguishability, rather than identity replication. A model passes the VPTT if its output (image, video, 3D asset, etc.) is indistinguishable to a human or calibrated VLM judge from content a given person might plausibly create or share. To operationalize VPTT, we present the VPTT Framework, integrating a 10k-persona benchmark (VPTT-Bench), a visual retrieval-augmented generator (VPRAG), and the VPTT Score, a text-only metric calibrated against human and VLM judgments. We show high correlation across human, VLM, and VPTT evaluations, validating the VPTT Score as a reliable perceptual proxy. Experiments demonstrate that VPRAG achieves the best alignment-originality balance, offering a scalable and privacy-safe foundation for personalized generative AI.
Spectrally Distilled Representations Aligned with Instruction-Augmented LLMs for Satellite Imagery
Authors: Minh Kha Do; Wei Xiang; Kang Han; Di Wu; Khoa Phan; Yi-Ping Phoebe Chen; Gaowen Liu; Ramana Rao Kompella
Venue: CVPR 2026 (main)

Abstract: Vision-language foundation models (VLFMs) promise zero-shot and retrieval understanding for Earth observation. While operational satellite systems often lack full multi-spectral coverage, making RGB-only inference highly desirable for scalable deployment, the adoption of VLFMs for satellite imagery remains hindered by two factors: (1) multi-spectral inputs are informative but difficult to exploit consistently due to band redundancy and misalignment; and (2) CLIP-style text encoders limit semantic expressiveness and weaken fine-grained alignment. We present SATtxt, a VLFM that operates with RGB inputs at inference while retaining spectral cues learned during training and producing rich cross-modal representations. Our framework comprises two stages. First, Spectral Representation Distillation transfers spectral priors from a frozen multi-spectral teacher to an RGB student via a lightweight projector. Second, Spectrally Grounded Alignment with Instruction-Augmented LLMs bridges the distilled visual space and an expressive LLM embedding space. Across satellite benchmarks, SATtxt improves zero-shot classification on average by 4.2%, retrieval by 5.9%, linear probing by 2.7%, and open-vocabulary segmentation by 2.8% over baselines, showing an efficient path toward spectrum-aware vision-language learning for Earth observation. Project page: https://ikhado.github.io/sattxt/
Multimodal Distribution Matching for Vision-Language Dataset Distillation
Authors: Jongoh Jeong; Hoyong Kwon; Minseok Kim; Kuk-Jin Yoon
Venue: CVPR 2026 (main)

Abstract: Dataset distillation compresses large training sets into compact synthetic datasets while preserving downstream performance. As modern systems increasingly operate on paired vision-language inputs, multimodal distillation must preserve representation quality and cross-modal alignment under tight compute and memory budgets, yet prior methods often require heavy computes and overlook their correlations. To address this, we present Multimodal Distribution Matching (MDM), a geometry-aware framework for efficient and generalizable multimodal distillation. Specifically, MDM integrates complementary components at the data, model, and loss levels. At the data level, it initializes synthetic image-text pairs by sampling from clusters in the joint embedding space. At the model level, it forms a mixed teacher by interpolating independently fine-tuned models in weight space according to their angular deviation from the pretrained anchor. At the loss level, it matches joint distributions on the unit hypersphere using a geometry-aware matching objective that exploits the joint features in the cross-modal alignment and discrepancy directions along with symmetric contrastive learning. Across image-text retrieval benchmarks with cross-architecture evaluation, MDM yields compact synthetic sets that preserve multimodal semantics, substantially reduce distillation cost, and remain robust across architectures.
Anchoring the Mind of Multimodal Reasoners: Cognitive Bias as a Vector for Jailbreak Attacks
Authors: Linhua Cong; Bingrui Sima; Kun He
Venue: CVPR 2026 (main)

Abstract: Multimodal Large Reasoning Models (MLRMs) exhibit remarkable performance on complex tasks by incorporating explicit multi-step reasoning. However, this capability also introduces new security vulnerabilities. Existing jailbreak studies largely overlook Cognitive-level weaknesses embedded in the reasoning process itself. In this work, we uncover a critical cognitive bias in MLRMs: the anchoring effect, where safety judgments are disproportionately influenced by the first piece of information received--the anchor. Building on this finding, we propose the Reasoning-chain Anchoring Attack (RA-Attack), a novel jailbreak framework that fully exploits this vulnerability. RA-Attack employs a cross-modal safe anchor, whose core component is a structured visual mind map. This structured format provides the model with a pre-established, safety-biased reasoning chain that subtly induces it to rationalize and execute subsequent harmful intent. Extensive experiments across seven leading closed- and open-source MLRMs demonstrate the effectiveness of RA-Attack, achieving state-of-the-art jailbreak success rates--92% on Gemini-2.5-Pro and 82% on GPT-4o. Our findings reveal that cognitive biases can be systematically exploited to manipulate multimodal reasoning chains, establishing cognitive security as a critical and underexplored frontier in AI safety research. Warning: This paper contains unsafe examples.
HAMMER: Harnessing MLLMs via Cross-Modal Integration for Intention-Driven 3D Affordance Grounding
Authors: Lei Yao; Yong Chen; Yuejiao Su; Yi Wang; Moyun Liu; Lap-Pui Chau
Venue: CVPR 2026 (main)

Abstract: Humans commonly reason about object affordance through observed interactions in images or videos, and once formed, such knowledge can be generically generalized to novel objects. Inspired by this principle, we advocate for a novel framework that leverages emerging multimodal large language models (MLLMs) for interaction intention-driven 3D affordance grounding, namely HAMMER. Instead of generating explicit object attribute descriptions or relying on off-the-shelf 2D segmenters, we alternatively aggregate the interaction intention depicted in the reference image into a contact-aware embedding and guide the model to infer textual affordance labels, ensuring it thoroughly excavates object semantics and contextual cues. We further devise a hierarchical cross-modal integration mechanism to fully exploit the complementary information from the MLLM for 3D representation refinement and introduce a multi-granular geometry lifting module that infuses spatial characteristics into the extracted intention embedding, thus facilitating accurate 3D affordance localization. Extensive experiments on public datasets and our newly constructed corrupted benchmark reveal the superiority and robustness of our method in seen and unseen scenarios compared to existing approaches. The code and models will be made publicly available.
Localizing, Structuring, and Rendering: Bridging 3D and 2D Vision-Language-Action Models for Robotic Manipulation
Authors: Yunlong Zhao; Xiaoheng Deng; Yichao Cao; Yi Chen; Xiangjian He; Shan You; Shuo Yang; Lei Fan; Fei Wang; Xiu Su
Venue: CVPR 2026 (main)

Abstract: Robotic manipulation in complex 3D environments requires unifying spatial reasoning with intuitive visual perception, which is a capability that current Vision-Language-Action paradigms address separately. While 3D VLAs excel in geometric and physical reasoning, they lack intuitive, image-level understanding and dense visual semantics; conversely, 2D VLAs (even with depth image) provide rich visual intuition and semantic continuity but miss explicit spatial global grounding. We introduce DiffRender-VLA, a differentiable rendering-based framework that bridges 3D and 2D Vision-Language-Action models through gradient-consistent visual mediation. It generates differentiable images by localizing the next end-effector target with a world-aligned cube marker, differentiably structuring surrounding geometry whose color encodes spatial relations to the marker, and rendering adaptive viewpoints optimized to reveal the target-environment spatial relationships. These differentiable images serve as visual bridges, embedding spatial semantics while allowing gradients from 2D VLAs to backpropagate into 3D representations, thereby coupling geometric reasoning with visual perception. This closed differentiable loop unifies reasoning and perception, substantially improving performance under occlusion, clutter, and complex spatial manipulation tasks, achieving average improvements of +12.1% over state-of-the-art methods.  Codes are available at https://github.com/zyl123456aB/DIFFVLA.
Towards Knowledge-augmented Bayesian Deep Learning For Computer Vision
Authors: Wang Ma; Hanjing Wang; Yufei Zhang; Darsha Udayanga; Qiang Ji
Venue: CVPR 2026 (main)

Abstract: Bayesian deep learning (BDL) integrates Bayesian inference with deep learning, improving predictive performance while enabling principled uncertainty quantification. However, existing BDLs often rely on non-informative random priors, limiting the benefits of Bayesian inference. In contrast, knowledge-augmented deep learning explicitly injects domain knowledge during training, yet lacks a probabilistic foundation. In this paper, we propose a knowledge-augmented BDL framework that integrates domain knowledge both as an informative prior and as an adaptive likelihood under a unified two-stage hybrid formulation. In the first stage, we learn a knowledge-informed prior p(\theta \mid \mathcal K ) by pre-training a model to satisfy domain-specific constraints. In the second stage, we perform Bayesian inference on task data with an adaptive knowledge likelihood p(\mathcal K  \mid \theta, \mathcal D ), which dynamically enforces these constraints during optimization. This unified framework enables knowledge to guide both initialization and training, significantly improving prediction accuracy, robustness, adaptation and uncertainty estimation. Experiments on various computer vision tasks, including semi-synthetic and real-knowledge scenarios, demonstrate that our two-stage framework consistently outperforms state-of-the-art Bayesian and knowledge-augmented baselines.
Masked-Diffusion Autoencoders for 3D Medical Vision Representation Learning
Authors: Jiachen Tu; Guanghui Qin; Theodore Zhengde Zhao; Jeya Maria Jose Valanarasu; Sheng Zhang; Tristan Naumann; Fan Lam; Sheng Wang; Hoifung Poon
Venue: CVPR 2026 (main)

Abstract: Effective medical image analysis requires representations that capture both global anatomical structure and fine-grained tissue texture. Current self-supervised approaches exhibit limited capacity to address both requirements simultaneously. Invariance-based methods learn through augmentation consistency but face challenges in medical imaging where common augmentations may discard diagnostically relevant intensity patterns. Masked image modeling approaches employ high masking ratios to enforce holistic reasoning, yet inherently limit exposure to fine-grained texture. Recent work in general-domain vision demonstrates that generative and semantic objectives can mutually benefit each other, yet this paradigm remains unexplored for 3D medical imaging. We introduce Masked-Diffusion Autoencoders (MDAE), a self-supervised framework that imposes concurrent spatial masking and diffusion corruption, encouraging the model to learn complementary objectives: masked region reconstruction for structural coherence and visible region denoising for textural characteristics. This dual corruption enables the network to learn structure-texture representations within a unified time-conditioned objective. Evaluated on brain MRI across tumor classification, molecular marker detection, and dense segmentation benchmarks, MDAE consistently outperforms state-of-the-art baselines, with improvements most pronounced in cross-modal generalization tasks.
BEV-CAR: Enhancing Monocular Bird's Eye View Segmentation with Context-Aware Rasterization
Authors: Yixin Xiong; Ke Wang; Tongtong Cheng; Chunhui Liu; Kai Liu
Venue: CVPR 2026 (main)

Abstract: Bird's Eye View (BEV) semantic segmentation is essential for autonomous driving and mobile robotics, yet it still faces significant challenges on accurate segmentation of foreground object and efficient estimating of layout categories obscured by objects. To address these issues, we propose BEV-CAR, a Context-Aware Rasterization method that rasterizes the BEV representation without any coordinate transformations. By optimising each ray and incorporating depth features, BEV-CAR effectively addresses the challenges posed by object occlusions and varying environmental conditions. It ensures robust performance across diverse scenarios, particularly improving the accuracy of foreground object segmentation and layout estimation in occluded areas. And extensive experiments on the nuScenes and Argoverse datasets demonstrate that BEV-CAR achieves state-of-the-art (SOTA) performance. More importantly, the rasterization technique in this paper does not introduce additional computational overhead during the inference process, making it suitable for practical deployment in real-world scenarios. Code is available in https://github.com/BEV-DAR/BEV-DAR.
Spectrum from Defocus: Fast Spectral Imaging with Chromatic Focal Stack
Authors: M. Kerem Aydin; Yi-Chun Hung; Jaclyn Pytlarz; Qi Guo; Emma Alexander
Venue: CVPR 2026 (main)

Abstract: Hyperspectral cameras rely on spectral filters, dispersive optics, or coded apertures, which reduce light throughput and increase hardware complexity. These systems face harsh trade-offs between spatial, spectral, and temporal resolution in inherently low-photon conditions. Computational imaging systems break through these trade-offs with compressive sensing, but have typically required complex optics and/or extensive computation. We present Spectrum from Defocus (SfD), a chromatic focal sweep method that achieves state-of-the-art hyperspectral imaging using only two off-the-shelf lenses, a grayscale sensor, and less than one second of reconstruction time. By capturing a chromatically-aberrated focal stack that preserves nearly all incident light, and reconstructing it with a fast physics-based iterative algorithm, SfD delivers sharp, accurate hyperspectral images. The combination of photon efficiency, optical simplicity, and physical interpretability makes SfD a promising solution for fast, compact, and interpretable hyperspectral imaging.