GenAI4ELab/papercli-papers huggingface dataset:
Attention Decomposition for Cross-Domain Semantic Segmentation
Authors: Liqiang He; Sinisa Todorovic
Venue: ECCV 2024 (main)

Abstract: "This work addresses cross-domain semantic segmentation. While recent CNNs and proposal-free transformers led to significant advances, we introduce a new transformer with a lighter encoder and more complex decoder with query tokens for predicting segmentation masks, called . The domain gap between the source and target domains is reduced with two mechanisms. First, we decompose cross-attention in the decoder into domain-independent and domain-specific parts to enforce the query tokens interact with the domain-independent aspects of the image tokens, shared by the source and target domains, rather than domain-specific counterparts which induce the domain gap. Second, we use the gradient reverse block to control back-propagation of the gradient, and hence introduce adversarial learning in the decoder of . Our results on two benchmark domain shifts – GTA to Cityscapes and SYNTHIA to Cityscapes – show that outperforms SOTA proposal-free methods with significantly lower complexity. The implementation is available at https://github.com/helq2612/ADFormer."
Be Yourself: Bounded Attention for Multi-Subject Text-to-Image Generation
Authors: Omer Dahary; Or Patashnik; Kfir Aberman; Danny Cohen-Or
Venue: ECCV 2024 (main)

Abstract: "Text-to-image diffusion models have an unprecedented ability to generate diverse and high-quality images. However, they often struggle to faithfully capture the intended semantics of complex input prompts that include multiple subjects. Recently, numerous layout-to-image extensions have been introduced to improve user control, aiming to localize subjects represented by specific tokens. Yet, these methods often produce semantically inaccurate images, especially when dealing with multiple semantically or visually similar subjects. In this work, we study and analyze the causes of these limitations. Our exploration reveals that the primary issue stems from inadvertent semantic leakage between subjects in the denoising process. This leakage is attributed to the diffusion model’s attention layers, which tend to blend the visual features of different subjects. To address these issues, we introduce Bounded Attention, a training-free method for bounding the information flow in the sampling process. Bounded Attention prevents detrimental leakage among subjects and enables guiding the generation to promote each subject’s individuality, even with complex multi-subject conditioning. Through extensive experimentation, we demonstrate that our method empowers the generation of multiple subjects that better align with given prompts and layouts."
Handling The Non-Smooth Challenge in Tensor SVD: A Multi-Objective Tensor Recovery Framework
Authors: Jingjing Zheng; Wanglong Lu; Wenzhe Wang; Yankai Cao; Xiaoqin Zhang; Xianta Jiang
Venue: ECCV 2024 (main)

Abstract: "Recently, numerous tensor singular value decomposition (t-SVD)-based tensor recovery methods have shown promise in processing visual data, such as color images and videos. However, these methods often suffer from severe performance degradation when confronted with tensor data exhibiting non-smooth changes. It has been commonly observed in real-world scenarios but ignored by the traditional t-SVD-based methods. In this work, we introduce a novel tensor recovery model with a learnable tensor nuclear norm to address such challenge. We develop a new optimization algorithm named the Alternating Proximal Multiplier Method (APMM) to iteratively solve the proposed tensor completion model. Theoretical analysis demonstrates the convergence of the proposed APMM to the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) point of the optimization problem. In addition, we propose a multi-objective tensor recovery framework based on APMM to efficiently explore the correlations of tensor data across its various dimensions, providing a new perspective on extending the t-SVD-based method to higher-order tensor cases. Numerical experiments demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method in tensor completion."
RodinHD: High-Fidelity 3D Avatar Generation with Diffusion Models
Authors: Bowen Zhang; Yiji Cheng; Chunyu Wang; Ting Zhang; Jiaolong Yang; Yansong Tang; Feng Zhao; Dong Chen; Baining Guo
Venue: ECCV 2024 (main)

Abstract: "We present RodinHD, which can generate high-fidelity 3D avatars from a portrait image. Existing methods fail to capture intricate details such as hairstyles which we tackle in this paper. We first identify an overlooked problem of catastrophic forgetting that arises when fitting triplanes sequentially on many avatars, caused by the MLP decoder sharing scheme. To overcome this issue, we raise a novel data scheduling strategy and a weight consolidation regularization term, which improves the decoder’s capability of rendering sharper details. Additionally, we optimize the guiding effect of the portrait image by computing a finer-grained hierarchical representation that captures rich 2D texture cues, and injecting them to the 3D diffusion model at multiple layers via cross-attention. When trained on 46K avatars with a noise schedule optimized for triplanes, the resulting model can generate 3D avatars with notably better details than previous methods and can generalize to in-the-wild portrait input. See fig:teaser for some examples. Project page: https://rodinhd.github.io/."
GRM: Large Gaussian Reconstruction Model for Efficient 3D Reconstruction and Generation
Authors: Yinghao Xu; Zifan Shi; Wang Yifan; Hansheng Chen; Ceyuan Yang; Sida Peng; Yujun Shen; Gordon Wetzstein
Venue: ECCV 2024 (main)

Abstract: "We introduce GRM, a large-scale reconstructor capable of recovering a 3D asset from sparse-view images in around 0.1s. GRM is a feed-forward transformer-based model that efficiently incorporates multi-view information to translate the input pixels into pixel-aligned Gaussians, which are unprojected to create a set of densely distributed 3D Gaussians representing a scene. Together, our transformer architecture and the use of 3D Gaussians unlock a scalable and efficient reconstruction framework. Extensive experimental results demonstrate the superiority of our method over alternatives regarding both reconstruction quality and efficiency. We also showcase the potential of GRM in generative tasks, i.e., text-to-3D and image-to-3D, by integrating it with existing multi-view diffusion models. Our project website is at: https://justimyhxu.github.io/projects/grm/."
IRGen: Generative Modeling for Image Retrieval
Authors: Yidan Zhang; Ting Zhang; Dong Chen; Yujing Wang; Qi Chen; Xing Xie; Hao Sun; Weiwei Deng; Qi Zhang; Fan Yang; Mao Yang; Qingmin Liao; Jingdong Wang; Baining Guo
Venue: ECCV 2024 (main)

Abstract: "While generative modeling has become prevalent across numerous research fields, its integration into the realm of image retrieval remains largely unexplored and underjustified. In this paper, we present a novel methodology, reframing image retrieval as a variant of generative modeling and employing a sequence-to-sequence model. This approach is harmoniously aligned with the current trend towards unification in research, presenting a cohesive framework that allows for end-to-end differentiable searching. This, in turn, facilitates superior performance via direct optimization techniques. The development of our model, dubbed IRGen, addresses the critical technical challenge of converting an image into a concise sequence of semantic units, which is pivotal for enabling efficient and effective search. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our model achieves state-of-the-art performance on three widely-used image retrieval benchmarks as well as two million-scale datasets, yielding significant improvement compared to prior competitive retrieval methods. In addition, the notable surge in precision scores facilitated by generative modeling presents the potential to bypass the reranking phase, which is traditionally indispensable in practical retrieval workflows. The code is publicly available at https://github.com/yakt00/IRGen."
Learning Trimodal Relation for Audio-Visual Question Answering with Missing Modality
Authors: Kyu Ri Park; Hong Joo Lee; Jung Uk Kim
Venue: ECCV 2024 (main)

Abstract: "Recent Audio-Visual Question Answering (AVQA) methods rely on complete visual and audio input to answer questions accurately. However, in real-world scenarios, issues such as device malfunctions and data transmission errors frequently result in missing audio or visual modality. In such cases, existing AVQA methods suffer significant performance degradation. In this paper, we propose a framework that ensures robust AVQA performance even when a modality is missing. First, we propose a Relation-aware Missing Modal (RMM) generator with Relation-aware Missing Modal Recalling (RMMR) loss to enhance the ability of the generator to recall missing modal information by understanding the relationships and context among the available modalities. Second, we design an Audio-Visual Relation-aware (AVR) diffusion model with Audio-Visual Enhancing (AVE) loss to further enhance audio-visual features by leveraging the relationships and shared cues between the audio-visual modalities. As a result, our method can provide accurate answers by effectively utilizing available information even when input modalities are missing. We believe our method holds potential applications not only in AVQA research but also in various multi-modal scenarios. The code is available at https://github.com/VisualAIKHU/Missing-AVQA."
FastCAD: Real-Time CAD Retrieval and Alignment from Scans and Videos
Authors: Florian Maximilian Langer; Jihong Ju; Georgi Dikov; Gerhard Reitmayr; Mohsen Ghafoorian
Venue: ECCV 2024 (main)

Abstract: "Digitising the 3D world into a clean, CAD model-based representation has important applications for augmented reality and robotics. Current state-of-the-art methods are computationally intensive as they individually encode each detected object and optimise CAD alignments in a second stage. In this work, we propose FastCAD, a real-time method that simultaneously retrieves and aligns CAD models for all objects in a given scene. In contrast to previous works, we directly predict alignment parameters and shape embeddings. We achieve high-quality shape retrievals by learning CAD embeddings in a contrastive learning framework and distilling those into FastCAD. Our single-stage method accelerates the inference time by a factor of 50 compared to other methods operating on RGB-D scans while outperforming them on the challenging Scan2CAD alignment benchmark. Further, our approach collaborates seamlessly with online 3D reconstruction techniques. This enables the real-time generation of precise CAD model-based reconstructions from videos at 10 FPS. Doing so, we significantly improve the Scan2CAD alignment accuracy in the video setting from 43.0% to 48.2% and the reconstruction accuracy from 22.9% to 29.6%."
A Simple Latent Diffusion Approach for Panoptic Segmentation and Mask Inpainting
Authors: Wouter Van Gansbeke; Bert De Brabandere
Venue: ECCV 2024 (main)

Abstract: "Panoptic and instance segmentation networks are often trained with specialized object detection modules, complex loss functions, and ad-hoc post-processing steps to manage the permutation-invariance of the instance masks. This work builds upon Stable Diffusion and proposes a latent diffusion approach for panoptic segmentation, resulting in a simple architecture that omits these complexities. Our training consists of two steps: (1) training a shallow autoencoder to project the segmentation masks to latent space; (2) training a diffusion model to allow image-conditioned sampling in latent space. This generative approach unlocks the exploration of mask completion or inpainting. The experimental validation on COCO and ADE20k yields strong segmentation results. Finally, we demonstrate our model’s adaptability to multi-tasking by introducing learnable task embeddings. The code and models will be made available.1 1 https://github.com/segments-ai/latent-diffusion-segmentation"
VISA: Reasoning Video Object Segmentation via Large Language Model
Authors: Cilin Yan; Haochen Wang; Shilin Yan; Xiaolong Jiang; Yao Hu; Guoliang Kang; Weidi Xie; Efstratios Gavves
Venue: ECCV 2024 (main)

Abstract: "Existing Video Object Segmentation (VOS) relies on explicit user instructions, such as categories, masks, or short phrases, restricting their ability to perform complex video segmentation requiring reasoning with world knowledge. In this paper, we introduce a new task, Reasoning Video Object Segmentation (ReasonVOS). This task aims to generate a sequence of segmentation masks in response to implicit text queries that require complex reasoning abilities based on world knowledge and video contexts, which is crucial for structured environment understanding and object-centric interactions, pivotal in the development of embodied AI. To tackle ReasonVOS, we introduce VISA (Video-based large language Instructed Segmentation Assistant), to leverage the world knowledge reasoning capabilities of multi-modal LLMs while possessing the ability to segment and track objects in videos with a mask decoder. Moreover, we establish a comprehensive benchmark consisting of 35,074 instruction-mask sequence pairs from 1,042 diverse videos, which incorporates complex world knowledge reasoning into segmentation tasks for instruction-tuning and evaluation purposes of ReasonVOS models. Experiments conducted on 8 datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of VISA in tackling complex reasoning segmentation and vanilla referring segmentation in both video and image domains. The code and dataset are available at https: //github.com/cilinyan/VISA."
Lego: Learning to Disentangle and Invert Personalized Concepts Beyond Object Appearance in Text-to-Image Diffusion Models
Authors: Saman Motamed; Danda Pani Paudel; Luc Van Gool
Venue: ECCV 2024 (main)

Abstract: "Text-to-Image (T2I) models excel at synthesizing concepts such as nouns, appearances, and styles. To enable customized content creation based on a few example images of a concept, methods such as Textual Inversion and DreamBooth invert the desired concept and enable synthesizing it in new scenes. However, inverting personalized1 concepts that go beyond object appearance and style (adjectives and verbs) through natural language, remains a challenge. Two key characteristics of these concepts contribute to the limitations of current inversion methods. 1) Adjectives and verbs are entangled with nouns (subject) and can hinder appearance-based inversion methods, where the subject appearance leaks into the concept embedding and 2) describing such concepts often extends beyond single word embeddings. In this study, we introduce Lego, a textual inversion method designed to invert subject entangled concepts from a few example images. Lego disentangles concepts from their associated subjects using a simple yet effective Subject Separation step and employs a Context Loss that guides the inversion of single/multi-embedding concepts. In a thorough user study, Lego-generated concepts were preferred over 70% of the time when compared to the baseline in terms of authentically generating concepts according to a reference. Additionally, visual question answering using an LLM suggested Lego-generated concepts are better aligned with the text description of the concept. 1 Please refer to Figure ?? for our definition of personalized."
IDOL: Unified Dual-Modal Latent Diffusion for Human-Centric Joint Video-Depth Generation
Authors: Yuanhao Zhai; Kevin Lin; Linjie Li; Chung-Ching Lin; Jianfeng Wang; Zhengyuan Yang; David Doermann; Junsong Yuan; Zicheng Liu; Lijuan Wang
Venue: ECCV 2024 (main)

Abstract: "Significant advances have been made in human-centric video generation, yet the joint video-depth generation problem remains underexplored. Most existing monocular depth estimation methods may not generalize well to synthesized images or videos, and multi-view-based methods have difficulty controlling the human appearance and motion. In this work, we present () for high-quality human-centric joint video-depth generation. Our consists of two novel designs. First, to enable dual-modal generation and maximize the information exchange between video and depth generation, we propose a unified dual-modal U-Net, a parameter-sharing framework for joint video and depth denoising, wherein a modality label guides the denoising target, and cross-modal attention enables the mutual information flow. Second, to ensure a precise video-depth spatial alignment, we propose a motion consistency loss that enforces consistency between the video and depth feature motion fields, leading to harmonized outputs. Additionally, a cross-attention map consistency loss is applied to align the cross-attention map of the video denoising with that of the depth denoising, further facilitating spatial alignment. Extensive experiments on the TikTok and NTU120 datasets show our superior performance, significantly surpassing existing methods in terms of video FVD and depth accuracy."
Scaling Backwards: Minimal Synthetic Pre-training?
Authors: Ryo Nakamura; Ryu Tadokoro; Ryosuke Yamada; Yuki M Asano; Iro Laina; Christian Rupprecht; Nakamasa Inoue; Rio Yokota; Hirokatsu Kataoka
Venue: ECCV 2024 (main)

Abstract: "Pre-training and transfer learning are an important building block of current computer vision systems. While pre-training is usually performed on large real-world image datasets, in this paper we ask whether this is truly necessary. To this end, we search for a minimal, purely synthetic pre-training dataset that allows us to achieve performance similar to the 1 million images of ImageNet-1k. We construct such a dataset from a single fractal with perturbations. With this, we contribute three main findings. (i) We show that pre-training is effective even with minimal synthetic images, with performance on par with large-scale pre-training datasets like ImageNet-1k for full fine-tuning. (ii) We investigate the single parameter with which we construct artificial categories for our dataset. We find that while the shape differences can be indistinguishable to humans, they are crucial for obtaining strong performances. (iii) Finally, we investigate the minimal requirements for successful pre-training. Surprisingly, we find that a substantial reduction of synthetic images from 1k to 1 can even lead to an increase in pre-training performance, a motivation to further investigate “scaling backwards”. Finally, we extend our method from synthetic images to real images to see if a single real image can show similar pre-training effect through shape augmentation. We find that the use of grayscale images and affine transformations allows even real images to “scale backwards”. The code is available at https://github.com/SUPER-TADORY/1p-frac."
BAMM: Bidirectional Autoregressive Motion Model
Authors: Ekkasit Pinyoanuntapong; Muhammad Usama Saleem; Pu Wang; Minwoo Lee; Srijan Das; Chen Chen
Venue: ECCV 2024 (main)

Abstract: "Generating human motion from text has been dominated by denoising motion models either through diffusion or generative masking process. However, these models face great limitations in usability by requiring prior knowledge of the motion length. Conversely, autoregressive motion models address this limitation by adaptively predicting motion endpoints, at the cost of degraded generation quality and editing capabilities. To address these challenges, we propose Bidirectional Autoregressive Motion Model (BAMM), a novel text-to-motion generation framework. BAMM consists of two key components: (1) a motion tokenizer that transforms 3D human motion into discrete tokens in latent space, and (2) a masked self-attention transformer that autoregressively predicts randomly masked tokens via a hybrid attention masking strategy. By unifying generative masked modeling and autoregressive modeling, BAMM captures rich and bidirectional dependencies among motion tokens, while learning the probabilistic mapping from textual inputs to motion outputs with dynamically-adjusted motion sequence length. This feature enables BAMM to simultaneously achieving high-quality motion generation with enhanced usability and built-in motion editability. Extensive experiments on HumanML3D and KIT-ML datasets demonstrate that BAMM surpasses current state-of-the-art methods in both qualitative and quantitative measures. Our project page is available at https://exitudio.github.io/BAMM-page"
Event-based Head Pose Estimation: Benchmark and Method
Authors: Jiahui Yuan; Hebei Li; Yansong Peng; Jin Wang; Yuheng Jiang; Yueyi Zhang; Xiaoyan Sun
Venue: ECCV 2024 (main)

Abstract: "Head pose estimation (HPE) is crucial for various applications, including human-computer interaction, augmented reality, and driver monitoring. However, traditional RGB-based methods struggle in challenging conditions like sudden movement and extreme lighting. Event cameras, as a neuromorphic sensor, have the advantages of high temporal resolution and high dynamic range, offering a promising solution for HPE. However, the lack of paired event and head pose data hinders the full potential of event-based HPE. To address this, we introduce two large-scale, diverse event-based head pose datasets encompassing 282 sequences across different resolutions and scenarios. Furthermore, we propose the event-based HPE network, featuring two novel modules: the Event Spatial-Temporal Fusion (ESTF) module and the Event Motion Perceptual Attention (EMPA) module. The ESTF module effectively combines spatial and temporal information from the event streams, while the EMPA module captures crucial motion details across the scene using a large receptive field. We also propose a unified loss function to optimize the network using both angle and rotation matrix information. Extensive experiments demonstrate the superior performance of our network on both datasets, showcasing its effectiveness in handling HPE across various challenging scenarios. The datasets and code are available at https://github. com/Jiahui-Yuan-1/EVHPE."
Avatar Fingerprinting for Authorized Use of Synthetic Talking-Head Videos
Authors: Ekta Prashnani; Koki Nagano; Shalini De Mello; David P Luebke; Orazio Gallo
Venue: ECCV 2024 (main)

Abstract: "Modern avatar generators allow anyone to synthesize photorealistic real-time talking avatars, ushering in a new era of avatar-based human communication, such as with immersive AR/VR interactions or videoconferencing with limited bandwidths. Their safe adoption, however, requires a mechanism to verify if the rendered avatar is trustworthy: does it use the appearance of an individual without their consent? We term this task avatar fingerprinting. To tackle it, we first introduce a large-scale dataset of real and synthetic videos of people interacting on a video call, where the synthetic videos are generated using the facial appearance of one person and the expressions of another. We verify the identity driving the expressions in a synthetic video, by learning motion signatures that are independent of the facial appearance shown. Our solution, the first in this space, achieves an average AUC of 0.85. Critical to its practical use, it also generalizes to new generators never seen in training (average AUC of 0.83). The proposed dataset and other resources can be found at: https: //research.nvidia.com/labs/nxp/avatar-fingerprinting/."