GenAI4ELab/papercli-papers huggingface dataset:
OmniVCus: Feedforward Subject-driven Video Customization with Multimodal Control Conditions
Authors: Yuanhao Cai; He Zhang; Xi Chen; Jinbo Xing; Yiwei Hu; Yuqian Zhou; Kai Zhang; Zhifei Zhang; Soo Ye Kim; Tianyu Wang; Yulun Zhang; Xiaokang Yang; Zhe Lin; Alan Yuille
Venue: NeurIPS 2025 (NeurIPS 2025 poster)

Abstract: Existing feedforward subject-driven video customization methods mainly study single-subject scenarios due to the difficulty of constructing multi-subject training data pairs. Another challenging problem that how to use the signals such as depth, mask, camera, and text prompts to control and edit the subject in the customized video is still less explored. In this paper, we first propose a data construction pipeline, VideoCus-Factory, to produce training data pairs for multi-subject customization from raw videos without labels and control signals such as depth-to-video and mask-to-video pairs. Based on our constructed data, we develop an Image-Video Transfer Mixed (IVTM) training with image editing data to enable instructive editing for the subject in the customized video. Then we propose a diffusion Transformer framework, OmniVCus, with two embedding mechanisms, Lottery Embedding (LE) and Temporally Aligned Embedding (TAE). LE enables inference with more subjects by using the training subjects to activate more frame embeddings. TAE encourages the generation process to extract guidance from temporally aligned control signals by assigning the same frame embeddings to the control and noise tokens. Experiments demonstrate that our method significantly surpasses state-of-the-art methods in both quantitative and qualitative evaluations. Project page is at https://caiyuanhao1998.github.io/project/OmniVCus/
Unified Reinforcement and Imitation Learning for Vision-Language Models
Authors: Byung-Kwan Lee; Ryo Hachiuma; Yong Man Ro; Yu-Chiang Frank Wang; Yueh-Hua Wu
Venue: NeurIPS 2025 (NeurIPS 2025 poster)

Abstract: Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have achieved remarkable progress, yet their large scale often renders them impractical for resource-constrained environments. This paper introduces Unified Reinforcement and Imitation Learning (RIL), a novel and efficient training algorithm designed to create powerful, lightweight VLMs. RIL distinctively combines the strengths of reinforcement learning with adversarial imitation learning. This enables smaller student VLMs not only to mimic the sophisticated text generation of large teacher models but also to systematically improve their generative capabilities through reinforcement signals. Key to our imitation framework is a LLM-based discriminator that adeptly distinguishes between student and teacher outputs, complemented by guidance from multiple large teacher VLMs to ensure diverse learning. This unified learning strategy, leveraging both reinforcement and imitation, empowers student models to achieve significant performance gains, making them competitive with leading closed-source VLMs. Extensive experiments on diverse vision-language benchmarks demonstrate that RIL significantly narrows the performance gap with state-of-the-art open- and closed-source VLMs and, in several instances, surpasses them.
Risk-Averse Constrained Reinforcement Learning with Optimized Certainty Equivalents
Authors: Jane H. Lee; Baturay Saglam; Spyridon Pougkakiotis; Amin Karbasi; Dionysis Kalogerias
Venue: NeurIPS 2025 (NeurIPS 2025 poster)

Abstract: Constrained optimization provides a common framework for dealing with conflicting objectives in reinforcement learning (RL). In most of these settings, the objectives (and constraints) are expressed though the expected accumulated reward. However, this formulation neglects risky or even possibly catastrophic events at the tails of the reward distribution, and is often insufficient for high-stakes applications in which the risk involved in outliers is critical. In this work, we propose a framework for risk-aware constrained RL, which exhibits per-stage robustness properties jointly in reward values and time using optimized certainty equivalents (OCEs). Our framework ensures an exact equivalent to the original constrained problem within a parameterized strong Lagrangian duality framework under appropriate constraint qualifications, and yields a simple algorithmic recipe which can be wrapped around standard RL solvers, such as PPO. Lastly, we establish the convergence of the proposed algorithm and verify the risk-aware properties of our approach through several numerical experiments.
Adaptive Batch-Wise Sample Scheduling for Direct Preference Optimization
Authors: Zixuan Huang; Yikun Ban; Lean Fu; Xiaojie Li; Zhongxiang Dai; Jianxin Li; deqing wang
Venue: NeurIPS 2025 (NeurIPS 2025 poster)

Abstract: Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has emerged as an effective approach for aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences. However, its performance is highly dependent on the quality of the underlying human preference data. To address this bottleneck, prior work has explored various data selection strategies,  but these methods often overlook the impact of the evolving states of the language model during the optimization process.
In this paper, we introduce a novel problem: Sample Scheduling for DPO, which aims to dynamically and adaptively schedule training samples based on the model's evolving batch-wise states throughout preference optimization. To solve this problem, we propose SamS, an efficient and effective algorithm that adaptively selects samples in each training batch based on the LLM's learning feedback to maximize the potential generalization performance.
Notably, without modifying the core DPO algorithm, simply integrating SamS significantly improves performance across tasks, with minimal additional computational overhead. 
This work points to a promising new direction for improving LLM alignment through batch-wise sample selection, with potential generalization to RLHF and broader supervised learning paradigms.
No-Regret Online Autobidding Algorithms in First-price Auctions
Authors: Yilin LI; Yuan Deng; Wei Tang; Hanrui Zhang
Venue: NeurIPS 2025 (NeurIPS 2025 poster)

Abstract: Automated bidding to optimize online advertising with various constraints, e.g. ROI constraints and budget constraints, is widely adopted by advertisers. A key challenge lies in designing algorithms for non-truthful mechanisms with ROI constraints. While prior work has addressed truthful auctions or non-truthful auctions with weaker benchmarks, this paper provides a significant improvement: We develop online bidding algorithms for repeated first-price auctions with ROI constraints, benchmarking against the optimal randomized strategy in hindsight. In the full feedback setting, where the maximum competing bid is observed, our algorithm achieves a near-optimal $\tilde O(\sqrt{T})$ regret bound, and in the bandit feedback setting (where the bidder only observes whether the bidder wins each auction), our algorithm attains $\tilde O(T^{3/4})$ regret bound.
Self-Supervised Contrastive Learning is Approximately Supervised Contrastive Learning
Authors: Achleshwar Luthra; Tianbao Yang; Tomer Galanti
Venue: NeurIPS 2025 (NeurIPS 2025 poster)

Abstract: Despite its empirical success, the theoretical foundations of self-supervised contrastive learning (CL) are not yet fully established. In this work, we address this gap by showing that standard CL objectives implicitly approximate a supervised variant we call the negatives-only supervised contrastive loss (NSCL), which excludes same-class contrasts. We prove that the gap between the CL and NSCL losses vanishes as the number of semantic classes increases, under a bound that is both label-agnostic and architecture-independent.

We characterize the geometric structure of the global minimizers of the NSCL loss: the learned representations exhibit augmentation collapse, within-class collapse, and class centers that form a simplex equiangular tight frame. We further introduce a new bound on the few-shot error of linear-probing. This bound depends on two measures of feature variability—within-class dispersion and variation along the line between class centers. We show that directional variation dominates the bound and that the within-class dispersion's effect diminishes as the number of labeled samples increases. These properties enable CL and NSCL-trained representations to support accurate few-shot label recovery using simple linear probes.

Finally, we empirically validate our theoretical findings: the gap between CL and NSCL losses decays at a rate of $\mathcal{O}(\frac{1}{\#\text{classes}})$; the two losses are highly correlated; minimizing the CL loss implicitly brings the NSCL loss close to the value achieved by direct minimization; and the proposed few-shot error bound provides a tight estimate of probing performance in practice.
VideoRFT: Incentivizing Video Reasoning Capability in MLLMs via Reinforced Fine-Tuning
Authors: Qi Wang; Yanrui Yu; Ye Yuan; Rui Mao; Tianfei Zhou
Venue: NeurIPS 2025 (NeurIPS 2025 poster)

Abstract: Reinforcement fine-tuning (RFT) has shown great promise in achieving humanlevel reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), and has recently been extended to MLLMs. Nevertheless, reasoning about videos, which is a fundamental aspect of human intelligence, remains a persistent challenge due to the complex logic, temporal and causal structures inherent in video data. To fill this gap, we propose VideoRFT, a novel approach that extends the RFT paradigm to cultivate human-like video reasoning capabilities in MLLMs. VideoRFT follows the standard two-stage scheme in RFT: supervised fine-tuning (SFT) with chain-of-thought (CoT) annotations, followed by reinforcement learning (RL) to improve generalization. A central challenge to achieve this in the video domain lies in the scarcity of large-scale, high-quality video CoT datasets. We address this by building a multi-expert-driven, cognition-inspired CoT curation pipeline. First, we devise a cognition-inspired prompting strategy to elicit a reasoning LLM to generate preliminary CoTs based solely on rich, structured, and literal representations of video content. Subsequently, these CoTs are revised by a MLLM conditioned on the actual video, ensuring visual consistency and reducing visual hallucinations. This pipeline results in two new datasets, i.e.VideoRFT-CoT-102K for SFT and VideoRFT-RL-310K for RL. To further strengthen the RL phase, we introduce a novel semantic-consistency reward that explicitly promotes the alignment between textual reasoning and visual evidence. This reward encourages the model to produce coherent, context-aware reasoning outputs grounded in visual input. Extensive experiments show that VideoRFT achieves state-of-the-art performance on six video reasoning benchmarks.
TabDPT: Scaling Tabular Foundation Models on Real Data
Authors: Junwei Ma; Valentin Thomas; Rasa Hosseinzadeh; Alex Labach; Jesse C. Cresswell; Keyvan Golestan; Guangwei Yu; Anthony L. Caterini; Maksims Volkovs
Venue: NeurIPS 2025 (NeurIPS 2025 poster)

Abstract: Tabular data is one of the most ubiquitous sources of information worldwide, spanning a wide variety of domains. This inherent heterogeneity has slowed the development of Tabular Foundation Models (TFMs) capable of fast generalization to unseen datasets. In-Context Learning (ICL) has recently emerged as a promising solution for TFMs, enabling dynamic adaptation to new tasks without additional tuning. While many studies have attempted to re-purpose large language models for tabular ICL, they have had limited success, so recent works have focused on developing tabular-specific foundation models. In this work, we propose an approach to combine ICL-based retrieval with self supervised learning to train tabular foundation models. We also investigate the utility of real vs. synthetic data for model pre-training, and show that real data can contain useful signal not easily captured in synthetic training. Specifically, we show that incorporating real data during the pre-training phase can lead to significantly faster training and better downstream generalization to unseen data. Our resulting model, **TabDPT**, achieves strong performance on both regression (CTR23) and classification (CC18) benchmarks. Importantly, we also demonstrate that with our pre-training procedure, scaling both model and data size leads to consistent performance improvements that follow power laws. This echoes scaling laws in LLMs and other foundation models, and suggests that large-scale TFMs can be achievable.
We open-source our full pipeline: inference code including trained model weights can be found [here](https://github.com/layer6ai-labs/TabDPT-inference), and the training code to reproduce experiments can be found [here](https://github.com/layer6ai-labs/TabDPT-training).
AF-UMC: An Alignment-Free Fusion Framework for Unaligned Multi-View Clustering
Authors: Bohang Sun; Yuena Lin; Tao Yang; Zhen Zhu; Zhen Yang; Gengyu Lyu
Venue: NeurIPS 2025 (NeurIPS 2025 poster)

Abstract: The Unaligned Multi-view Clustering (UMC) aims to learn a discriminative cluster structure from unaligned multi-view data, where the features of samples are not completely aligned across multiple views. Most existing methods usually prioritize employing various alignment strategies to align sample representations across views and then conduct cross-view fusion on aligned representations for subsequent clustering. However, ***due to the heterogeneity of representations across different views, these alignment strategies often fail to achieve ideal view-alignment results, inevitably leading to unreliable alignment-based fusion.*** To address this issue, we propose an alignment-free consistency fusion framework named AF-UMC, which bypasses the traditional view-alignment operation and directly extracts consistent representations from each view to perform global cross-view consistency fusion. Specifically, we first construct a cross-view consistent basis space by a cross-view reconstruction loss and a designed Structural Clarity Regularization (SCR), where autoencoders extract consistent representations from each view through projecting view-specific data to the constructed basis space. Afterwards, these extracted representations are globally pulled together for further cross-view fusion according to a designed Instance Global Contrastive Fusion (IGCF). Compared with previous methods, AF-UMC directly extracts consistent representations from each view for global fusion instead of alignment for fusion, which significantly mitigates the degraded fusion performance caused by undesired view-alignment results while greatly reducing algorithm complexity and enhancing its efficiency. Extensive experiments on various datasets demonstrate that our AF-UMC exhibits superior performance against other state-of-the-art methods.
Nearly-Linear Time and Massively Parallel Algorithms for $k$-anonymity
Authors: Kevin Aydin; Honghao Lin; David Woodruff; Peilin Zhong
Venue: NeurIPS 2025 (NeurIPS 2025 poster)

Abstract: $k$-anonymity is a widely-used privacy-preserving concept that ensures each record in a dataset is indistinguishable from at least $k-1$ other records. In this paper, we revisit $k$-anonymity by suppression and give an $O(k)$-approximation algorithm with a nearly-linear runtime of $\tilde{O}(nd + n^{1+1/C^2}/k^{1/C^2})$ for an arbitrary constant $C$, where $n$ is the number of records and $d$ is the number of attributes. Previous algorithms with provable guarantees either (1) achieve the same $O(k)$ approximation ratio but require at least $O(n^2 k)$ runtime, or (2) provide a better $O(\log k)$ approximation ratio at the cost of an impractical $O(n^{2k})$ worst-case runtime for general $d$ and $k$. Our algorithm extends to the Massively Parallel Computation (MPC) model, where it can be adapted into an MPC algorithm requiring $\tilde{O}(\log^{1+\epsilon} n)$ rounds and total space $O(n^{1+1/C^2}(d+k))$. Empirically, we also demonstrate that our algorithmic ideas can be adapted to existing heuristic methods, leading to significant speed-ups while preserving comparable performance.

Although~\citep{PS07} introduced improvements to achieve more practical runtimes for their $O(\log k)$-approximation algorithm, its worst-case runtime remains $O(n^{2k})$. A natural question arises: can we develop an algorithm with an $o(k)$ approximation ratio and a polynomial runtime? We investigate the single-point $k$-anonymity problem, where the goal is to select $k-1$ additional records to make a given record indistinguishable. Surprisingly, assuming the dense vs random conjecture in complexity theory, we show that for $n = k^c$, no algorithm can achieve a $k^{1 - O(1/c)}$ approximation in $\mathrm{poly}(k)$ time. This provides evidence of the inherent hardness of the $k$-anonymity problem.
EnCompass: Enhancing Agent Programming with Search Over Program Execution Paths
Authors: Zhening Li; Armando Solar-Lezama; Yisong Yue; Stephan Zheng
Venue: NeurIPS 2025 (NeurIPS 2025 poster)

Abstract: We introduce a new approach to *agent programming*, the development of LLM-based agents. Current approaches to agent programming often entangle two aspects of agent design: the core workflow logic and the inference-time strategy (e.g., tree search). We introduce *probabilistic angelic nondeterminism* (PAN), a programming model that disentangles these two concerns, allowing the programmer to describe the agent workflow and independently experiment with different inference-time strategies by simply changing a few inputs. We provide an implementation of PAN in Python as the EnCompass framework, which uses a Python decorator to compile agent workflow programs into a search space. We present three case studies that demonstrate how the framework lets the programmer quickly improve the reliability of an agent and easily switch between different inference-time strategies, all with little additional coding.
Flow-Based Policy for Online Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Lei Lv; Yunfei Li; Yu Luo; Fuchun Sun; Tao Kong; Jiafeng Xu; Xiao Ma
Venue: NeurIPS 2025 (NeurIPS 2025 poster)

Abstract: We present $\textbf{FlowRL}$, a novel framework for online reinforcement learning that integrates flow-based policy representation with Wasserstein-2-regularized optimization. We argue that in addition to training signals, enhancing the expressiveness of the policy class is crucial for the performance gains in RL. Flow-based generative models offer such potential, excelling at capturing complex, multimodal action distributions. However, their direct application in online RL is challenging due to a fundamental objective mismatch: standard flow training optimizes for static data imitation, while RL requires value-based policy optimization through a dynamic buffer, leading to difficult optimization landscapes. FlowRL first models policies via a state-dependent velocity field, generating actions through deterministic ODE integration from noise. We derive a constrained policy search objective that jointly maximizes Q through the flow polciy while bounding the Wasserstein-2 distance to a behavior-optimal policy implicitly derived from the replay buffer.  This formulation effectively aligns the flow optimization with the RL objective, enabling efficient and value-aware policy learning despite the complexity of the policy class. Empirical evaluations on DMControl and Humanoidbench demonstrate that FlowRL achieves competitive performance in online reinforcement learning benchmarks.
Language Models Are Capable of Metacognitive Monitoring and Control of Their Internal Activations
Authors: Li Ji-An; Hua-Dong Xiong; Robert Wilson; Marcelo G Mattar; Marcus K. Benna
Venue: NeurIPS 2025 (NeurIPS 2025 poster)

Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) can sometimes report the strategies they actually use to solve tasks, yet at other times seem unable to recognize those strategies that govern their behavior. This suggests a limited degree of metacognition --- the capacity to monitor one's own cognitive processes for subsequent reporting and self-control. Metacognition enhances LLMs' capabilities in solving complex tasks but also raises safety concerns, as models may obfuscate their internal processes to evade neural-activation-based oversight (e.g., safety detector). Given society's increased reliance on these models, it is critical that we understand their metacognitive abilities. To address this, we introduce a neuroscience-inspired \emph{neurofeedback} paradigm that uses in-context learning to quantify metacognitive abilities of LLMs to \textit{report} and \textit{control} their activation patterns. 
We demonstrate that their abilities depend on several factors: the number of in-context examples provided, the semantic interpretability of the neural activation direction (to be reported/controlled), and the variance explained by that direction. These directions span a ``metacognitive space'' with dimensionality much lower than the model's neural space, suggesting LLMs can monitor only a small subset of their neural activations. Our paradigm provides empirical evidence to quantify metacognition in LLMs, with significant implications for AI safety (e.g., adversarial attack and defense).
Infinite-Width Limit of a Single Attention Layer: Analysis via Tensor Programs
Authors: Mana Sakai; Ryo Karakida; Masaaki Imaizumi
Venue: NeurIPS 2025 (NeurIPS 2025 poster)

Abstract: In modern theoretical analyses of neural networks, the infinite-width limit is often invoked to justify Gaussian approximations of neuron preactivations (e.g., via neural network Gaussian processes or Tensor Programs). However, these Gaussian-based asymptotic theories have so far been unable to capture the behavior of attention layers, except under special regimes such as infinitely many heads or tailored scaling schemes. In this paper, leveraging the Tensor Programs framework, we rigorously identify the infinite-width limit distribution of variables within a single attention layer under realistic architectural dimensionality and standard $1/\sqrt{n}$-scaling with $n$ dimensionality. We derive the exact form of this limit law without resorting to infinite-head approximations or tailored scalings, demonstrating that it departs fundamentally from Gaussianity. This limiting distribution exhibits non-Gaussianity from a hierarchical structure, being Gaussian conditional on the random similarity scores. Numerical experiments validate our theoretical predictions, confirming the effectiveness of our theory at finite width and accurate description of finite-head attentions. Beyond characterizing a standalone attention layer, our findings lay the groundwork for developing a unified theory of deep Transformer architectures in the infinite-width regime.