GenAI4ELab/papercli-papers huggingface dataset:
Beyond Missing Modalities: Hypergraph Conditioned Diffusion for Uncertainty-Aware Multimodal Emotion Recognition
Authors: Xihang Qiu; Yuhao Fang; Qing Zhou; Bin Zhai; Jialong Hong; Wanpeng Zhang; Yao Lu; Ye Zhang; Chun Li
Venue: CVPR 2026 (main)

Abstract: Multimodal Emotion Recognition in Conversations (MERC) aims to understand emotions expressed in each utterance by effectively integrating audio, text, and visual modalities. However, in real-world scenarios, unavoidable missing modalities often degrade multimodal interpretation performance. To address this, we propose Hypergraph Diffusion and Evidence Fusion based Emotion Recognition (HyperEF), a novel framework designed to mitigate challenges arising from incomplete modalities in MERC. Specifically, to mitigate performance degradation caused by modality absence, we propose Masked Hypergraph Attention (MHGAT) conditioned diffusion model to recover latent features of missing modalities in the latent space. To ensure semantic consistency between recovered and available modalities within the same utterance, we introduce MHGAT that captures high-order semantic information from available modalities to guide the diffusion model's denoising process. Furthermore, to disentangle and model the complex uncertainties inherent in MERC, we propose Dual Channel Evidence Fusion (DCEF), which estimates uncertainty at both feature source level and discriminative level, thereby achieving adaptive evidence fusion. Extensive comparative experiments and interpretability demonstrate the superior performance of our model in emotion recognition, as well as the contribution of each module within the model.
GRPO-Guard: Mitigating Implicit Over-Optimization in Flow Matching via Regulated Clipping
Authors: Jing Wang; Jiajun Liang; Jie Liu; Henglin Liu; Gongye Liu; Jun Zheng; Wanyuan Pang; Ao Ma; Zhenyu Xie; Xintao Wang; Meng Wang; Pengfei Wan; Xiaodan Liang
Venue: CVPR 2026 (main)

Abstract: Recently, GRPO-based reinforcement learning has shown remarkable progress in optimizing flow-matching models, effectively improving their alignment with task-specific rewards. Within these frameworks, the policy update relies on importance-ratio clipping to constrain overconfident positive and negative gradients. However, in practice, we observe a systematic shift in the importance-ratio distribution--its mean falls below 1 and its variance differs substantially across timesteps. This left-shifted and inconsistent distribution prevents positive-advantage samples from entering the clipped region, causing the mechanism to fail in constraining overconfident positive updates. As a result, the policy model inevitably enters an **implicit over-optimization stage**--while the proxy reward continues to increase, essential metrics such as image quality and text-prompt alignment deteriorate sharply, ultimately making the learned policy impractical for real-world use. To address this issue, we introduce **GRPO-Guard**, a simple yet effective enhancement to existing GRPO frameworks. Our method incorporates ratio normalization, which restores a balanced and step-consistent importance ratio, ensuring that PPO clipping properly constrains harmful updates across denoising timesteps. In addition, a gradient reweighting strategy equalizes policy gradients over noise conditions, preventing excessive updates from particular timestep regions. Together, these designs act as a regulated clipping mechanism, stabilizing optimization and substantially mitigating implicit over-optimization without relying on heavy KL regularization. Extensive experiments on multiple diffusion backbones (e.g., SD3.5M, Flux.1-dev) and diverse proxy tasks demonstrate that GRPO-Guard significantly reduces over-optimization while maintaining or even improving generation quality. We provide detailed demonstrations of the over-optimization process and corresponding visualizations in https://jingw193.github.io/GRPO-Guard/.
Target-Aware Invertible Encoder with Reconstruction Guidance for Infrared Small Target Detection
Authors: Shule Yan; Zetian Zhang; Xiao Ma; Zexuan Ji
Venue: CVPR 2026 (main)

Abstract: Modern detectors typically deepen backbones and rely on aggressive downsampling to harvest high-level semantics. But this severely degrades low-energy infrared tiny targets via rescale-induced information loss. This work introduces InvDet, a target-aware invertible encoder that unifies information preservation and target-aware enhancement within a reconstruction-guided detection framework. An invertible pathway reconstructs the input from feature latents, exposing information loss as an optimizable quantity. To decouple detection from irrelevant reconstruction, a Target-Aware Reconstruction Modulation (TARM) module operates only in the inverse path, gating high-pass latents and applying a mild gain to low-pass features without altering the forward detection distribution. In addition, a Geometry-Content Tolerance Metric (GCTM) is proposed to focus on truly informative regions and yields a pixel-wise weight map that gently regularizes the reconstruction branch. Our method achieves competitive accuracy on five public infrared benchmarks while exhibiting strong cross-dataset generalization, providing a principled pathway toward detection-friendly representation learning for scale-challenged visual regimes.
Cross-View Distillation and Adaptive Masking for Incomplete Multi-View Multi-Label Classification
Authors: Yadong Liu; Qiaoqi Li; Yueying Wang; Lunke Fei; Jie Wen
Venue: CVPR 2026 (main)

Abstract: While existing incomplete multi-view multi-label learning methods have achieved promising performance, few studies have focused on the issue of multi-view imbalance. Existing methods using gradient modulation or alternating optimization strategies alleviate this problem but often oversimplify the interaction between views, resulting in persistently poor performance. In response to the challenge, we propose the Cross-view Distillation and Adaptive Masking (CDAM) framework, a novel approach designed to achieve balanced multi-view optimization for the challenging double incomplete multi-view multi-label learning tasks. First, to overcome the performance bottleneck of views, we design a cross-view distillation module. This module aligns low-quality student representations with high-quality teacher representations, thereby effectively mitigating the multi-view imbalance problem. Second, recognizing that distillation may not rectify all low-quality views, we introduce a subsequent adaptive masking module to perform an explicit quality assessment. This module dynamically identifies and masks out any remaining unreliable representations before multi-view fusion, thus preventing low-quality information from corrupting the fused representation. Extensive comparisons with nine state-of-the-art methods on six datasets validate the effectiveness and stability of our method.
Efficient Weighted Sampling via Score-based Generative Models
Authors: Heasung Kim; Taekyun Lee; Hyeji Kim; Gustavo De Veciana
Venue: CVPR 2026 (main)

Abstract: Weighted sampling--sampling from a probability density function (PDF) proportional to the product of a base PDF and a weight function--is a fundamental technique with wide-ranging applications in variance reduction, biased sampling, data augmentation, and more. Leveraging the increasing availability of pretrained score-based generative models (SGMs), we propose a training-free weighted sampling framework that approximates the backward diffusion process of the target distribution by augmenting the pretrained base score function with an auxiliary guidance term, in a principled and computationally efficient manner. Our approach builds on two key components: a lightweight approximation of the guidance that avoids costly higher-order derivatives of both the score and weight functions, and an uncertainty-aware scheduler that dynamically adjusts the guidance strength based on a temporal analysis of approximation error. Together, these components enable accurate and stable sampling without relying on particle-based resampling or Hessian evaluations commonly required by existing methods. We validate the effectiveness of our method from synthetic to large-scale settings such as Stable Diffusion XL, where our framework achieves 1.2xto 4.7xspeedups while consistently matching or outperforming state-of-the-art baselines in task performance. These results position our method as a scalable and inference-efficient solution for task-adaptive, time-sensitive sampling in generative applications.
SD-FSMIS: Adapting Stable Diffusion for Few-Shot Medical Image Segmentation
Authors: Meihua Li; Yang Zhang; Weizhao He; Hu Qu; Yisong Li
Venue: CVPR 2026 (main)

Abstract: Few-Shot Medical Image Segmentation (FSMIS) aims to segment novel object classes in medical images using only minimal annotated examples, addressing the critical challenges of data scarcity and domain shifts prevalent in medical imaging. While Diffusion Models (DM) excel in visual tasks, their potential for FSMIS remains largely unexplored. We propose that the rich visual priors learned by large-scale DMs offer a powerful foundation for a more robust and data-efficient segmentation approach. In this paper, we introduce SD-FSMIS, a novel framework designed to effectively adapt the powerful pre-trained Stable Diffusion (SD) model for the FSMIS task. Our approach repurposes its conditional generative architecture by introducing two key components: a Support-Query Interaction (SQI) and a Visual-to-Textual Condition Translator (VTCT). Specifically, SQI provides a straightforward yet powerful means of adapting SD to the FSMIS paradigm. The VTCT module translates visual cues from the support set into an implicit textual embedding that guides the diffusion model, enabling precise conditioning of the generation process. Extensive experiments demonstrate that SD-FSMIS achieves competitive results compared to state-of-the-art methods in standard settings. Surprisingly, it also demonstrated excellent generalization ability in more challenging cross-domain scenarios. These findings highlight the immense potential of adapting large-scale generative models to advance data-efficient and robust medical image segmentation.
FastLightGen: Fast and Light Video Generation with Fewer Steps and Parameters
Authors: Shitong Shao; Yufei Gu; Zeke Xie
Venue: CVPR 2026 (main)

Abstract: The recent advent of powerful video generation models, such as Hunyuan, WanX, Veo3, and Kling, has inaugurated a new era in the field. However, the practical deployment of these models is severely impeded by their substantial computational overhead, which stems from enormous parameter counts and the iterative, multi-step sampling process required during inference. Prior research on accelerating generative models has predominantly followed two distinct trajectories: reducing the number of sampling steps (e.g., LCM, DMD, and MagicDistillation) or compressing the model size for more efficient inference (e.g., ICMD). The potential of simultaneously compressing both to create a fast and lightweight model remains an unexplored avenue. In this paper, we propose _**FastLightGen**_, an algorithm that transforms large, computationally expensive models into fast, lightweight counterparts. The core idea is to construct an optimal teacher model, one engineered to maximize student performance, within a synergistic framework for distilling both model size and inference steps. Our extensive experiments on HunyuanVideo-ATI2V and WanX-TI2V reveal that a generator using 4-step sampling and 30% parameter pruning achieves optimal visual quality under a constrained inference budget. Furthermore, FastLightGen consistently outperforms all competing methods, establishing a new state-of-the-art in efficient video generation.
The Invisible Gorilla Effect in Out-of-distribution Detection
Authors: Harry Anthony; Ziyun Liang; Hermione Warr; Konstantinos Kamnitsas
Venue: CVPR 2026 (main)

Abstract: Deep Neural Networks achieve high performance in vision tasks by learning features from regions of interest (ROI) within images, but their performance degrades when deployed on out-of-distribution (OOD) data that differs from training data. This challenge has led to OOD detection methods that aim to identify and reject unreliable predictions. Although prior work shows that OOD detection performance varies by artefact type, the underlying causes remain underexplored. To this end, we identify a previously unreported bias in OOD detection: for hard-to-detect artefacts (near-OOD), detection performance typically improves when the artefact shares visual similarity (e.g. colour) with the model's ROI and drops when it does not - a phenomenon we term the Invisible Gorilla Effect. For example, in a skin lesion classifier with red lesion ROI, we show the method Mahalanobis Score achieves a 31.5% higher AUROC when detecting OOD red ink (similar to ROI) compared to black ink (dissimilar) annotations. We annotated artefacts by colour in 11,355 images from three public datasets (e.g. ISIC) and generated colour-swapped counterfactuals to rule out dataset bias. We then evaluated 40 OOD methods across 7 benchmarks and found significant performance drops for most methods when artefacts differed from the ROI. Our findings highlight an overlooked failure mode in OOD detection and provide guidance for more robust detectors. Code and annotations available at https://github.com/HarryAnthony/Invisible_Gorilla_Effect.
Learning by Analogy: A Causal Framework for Compositional Generalization
Authors: Lingjing Kong; Shaoan Xie; Yang Jiao; Yetian Chen; Yanhui Guo; Simone Shao; Yan Gao; Guangyi Chen; Kun Zhang
Venue: CVPR 2026 (main)

Abstract: Compositional generalization -- the ability to understand and generate novel combinations of learned concepts -- enables models to extend their capabilities beyond limited experiences. While effective, the data structures and principles that enable this crucial capability remain poorly understood. We propose that compositional generalization fundamentally requires decomposing high-level concepts into basic, low-level concepts that can be recombined across similar contexts, similar to how humans draw analogies between concepts. For example, someone who has never seen a peacock eating rice can envision this scene by relating it to their previous observations of a chicken eating rice.In this work, we formalize these intuitive processes using principles of causal modularity and minimal changes. We introduce a hierarchical data-generating process that naturally encodes different levels of concepts and their interaction mechanisms. Theoretically, we demonstrate that this approach enables compositional generalization supporting complex relations between composed concepts, advancing beyond prior work that assumes simpler interactions like additive effects. Critically, we also prove that this latent hierarchical structure is provably recoverable (identifiable) from observable data like text-image pairs, a necessary step for learning such a generative process. To validate our theory, we apply insights from our theoretical framework and achieve significant improvements on benchmark datasets.
Prefill-Time Intervention for Mitigating Hallucination in Large Vision-Language Models
Authors: Chengsheng Zhang; Chenghao Sun; Xinyan Jiang; Wei Li; Xinmei Tian
Venue: CVPR 2026 (main)

Abstract: Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in visual-textual understanding, yet their reliability is critically undermined by hallucinations, i.e., the generation of factually incorrect or inconsistent responses.While recent studies using steering vectors demonstrated promise in reducing hallucinations, a notable challenge remains: they inadvertently amplify the severity of residual hallucinations. We attribute this to their exclusive focus on the decoding stage, where errors accumulate autoregressively and progressively worsen subsequent hallucinatory outputs.To address this, we propose Prefill-Time Intervention (PTI), a novel steering paradigm that intervenes only once during the prefill stage, enhancing the initial Key-Value (KV) cache before error accumulation occurs.Specifically, PTI is modality-aware, deriving distinct directions for visual and textual representations. This intervention is decoupled to steer keys toward visually-grounded objects and values to filter background noise, correcting hallucination-prone representations at their source.Extensive experiments demonstrate PTI's significant performance in mitigating hallucinations and its generalizability across diverse decoding strategies, LVLMs, and benchmarks. Moreover, PTI is orthogonal to existing decoding-stage methods, enabling plug-and-play integration and further boosting performance.
UniPart: Part-Level 3D Generation with Unified 3D Geom-Seg Latents
Authors: Xufan He; Yushuang Wu; Xiaoyang Guo; Chongjie Ye; Jiaqing Zhou; Tianlei Hu; Xiaoguang Han; Dong Du
Venue: CVPR 2026 (main)

Abstract: Part-level 3D generation is essential for applications requiring decomposable and structured 3D synthesis. However, existing methods either rely on implicit part segmentation with limited granularity control or depend on strong external segmenters trained on large annotated datasets. In this work, we observe that part awareness emerges naturally during whole-object geometry learning and propose Geom-Seg VecSet, a unified geometry-segmentation latent representation that jointly encodes object geometry and part-level structure. Building on this representation, we introduce UniPart, a two-stage latent diffusion framework for image-guided part-level 3D generation. The first stage performs joint geometry generation and latent part segmentation, while the second stage conditions part-level diffusion on both whole-object and part-specific latents. A dual-space generation scheme further enhances geometric fidelity by predicting part latents in both global and canonical spaces. Extensive experiments demonstrate that UniPart, achieves superior segmentation controllability and part-level geometric quality compared with existing approaches.
Rotation Invariant and Symmetry Aware Pixel Difference Network for Remote Sensing Object Detection
Authors: Jialei Zhan; Li Liu; Jiehua Zhang; Yuhang Xie; Yongxiang Liu; Jiangming Chen; Ming-Ming Cheng
Venue: CVPR 2026 (main)

Abstract: Recent advancements in remote sensing object detection have predominantly focused on oriented bounding box design and small object feature enhancement, while often overlooking the intrinsic geometric properties of remote sensing images, such as rotation invariance and structural symmetry. Many aerial objects appear in multiple orientations and exhibit clear symmetrical patterns, which, if not explicitly modeled, can lead to detection failures and inaccurate localization under geometric variation or partial occlusion. To address this, we propose the Rotation Invariant and Symmetry Aware Pixel Difference Network (RIS-PiDiNet), which introduces a novel convolutional operator called Rotation Invariant and Symmetry Aware Pixel Difference Convolution (RIS-PDC). This operator replaces traditional convolution with a mathematically grounded formulation that encodes rotation group priors and symmetrical constraints. RIS-PDC utilizes pixel differences and symmetry-guided aggregation in the polar harmonic space, enabling the network to infer partially visible structures and deduce occluded symmetrical parts. Besides improving detection accuracy, RIS-PDC enhances model interpretability by embedding geometric principles into the network design. Feature visualizations demonstrate rotation-consistent activations and symmetry-complete responses, revealing how the network captures underlying object structure even under partial visibility or orientation changes. This yields geometrically interpretable detection decisions. To our knowledge, RIS-PiDiNet is the first remote sensing object detection framework that jointly incorporates rotation invariance and symmetry modeling within a unified architecture. Extensive evaluations on standard benchmarks validate its effectiveness, achieving state-of-the-art performance on DOTA-v1.0 (78.53% mAP single-scale, 81.81% multi-scale), HRSC2016 (98.60% mAP), and DIOR-R (67.28% mAP), all with acceptable computational overhead and no increase in parameter count.
Gamba: Mamba-based graph convolutional network with dynamic graph topology learning for action recognition
Authors: Rouyi Zhou; Yangzhi Wu; Jiajun Wen; Can Gao; Feng Liu; Zhihui Lai; Linlin Shen
Venue: CVPR 2026 (main)

Abstract: Existing graph models predominantly utilize self-attention mechanisms to model feature correlations between the joints of each sample, which not only neglects dynamic relation dependencies in temporal dimension but also leads to redundant computation and difficulty in establishing a unified framework for joint relation representation. To address these problems, this paper develops a Mamba-based graph convolution network (Gamba) with dynamic graph topology learning. In order to capture local motion patterns, a node classification module has been developed to categorize motion joints into distinct types. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to assign motion joints with label information to facilitate correlation learning. To capture the underlying relation of the joints of different categories, the state space model is introduced to process enhanced temporal features, aiming to learn dynamic adjacency matrices for long-range dependencies of the joints across different categories. The proposed framework not only facilitates an adaptive focus on spatio-temporal feature modeling but also has less computational complexity than traditional self-attention-based approaches. Extensive experiments on the public NTU RGB+D 60/120 and NW-UCLA benchmark datasets demonstrate the superiority of Gamba over state-of-the-art methods in recognition accuracy. The source code of Gamba is available at https://github.com/RCEricZhou/Gamba.
Language-Guided One-Step Diffusion Model for Nighttime Flare Removal
Authors: Aoxiang Ning; Kailong Yu; Minglong Xue; Liyuan Pan; Jinhong He; Wenchao Yan; Mingliang Zhou; Yirui Wu
Venue: CVPR 2026 (main)

Abstract: Nighttime photography is susceptible to flare caused by strong light sources, which degrades visual quality and disrupts structural information required by downstream vision tasks. Existing nighttime flare removal methods generally lack semantic priors for flare-occluded regions and thus tend to introduce artifacts and lose details under severe degradation. To address this problem, we propose a language-guided one-step diffusion framework that explicitly aligns flare-occluded regions with the underlying scene content at the semantic level. Specifically, we develop the first flare-specific vision-language model, Flare-VLM, which extracts fine-grained textual descriptions to guide one-step diffusion for high-quality restoration of severely damaged areas. Then, we propose semantics-aware distribution distillation to constrain the noise distribution with high-level semantics, suppressing redundant perturbations on clean backgrounds and improving the stability of distillation. In addition, we design an instruction-driven data synthesis pipeline to generate geometrically and semantically aligned nighttime flare samples, narrowing the gap to real degradations. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves better restoration and enhances the performance of downstream vision tasks.