GenAI4ELab/papercli-papers huggingface dataset:
CARB-Net: Camera-Assisted Radar-Based Network for Vulnerable Road User Detection
Authors: Wei-Yu Lee; Martin Dimitrievski; David Van Hamme; Jan Aelterman; Ljubomir Jovanov; Wilfried Philips
Venue: ECCV 2024 (main)

Abstract: "Ensuring a reliable perception of vulnerable road users is crucial for safe autonomous driving. Radar stands out as an appealing sensor choice due to its resilience in adverse weather, cost-effectiveness, depth sensing capabilities, and established role in adaptive cruise control. Nevertheless, radar’s limited angular resolution poses challenges in object recognition, especially in distinguishing targets in close proximity. To tackle this limitation, we present the Camera-Assisted Radar-Based Network (CARB-Net), a novel and efficient framework that merges the angular accuracy of a camera with the robustness and depth sensing capabilities of radar. We integrate camera detection information through a ground plane feed-forward array, entangling it with the early stages of a radar-based detection network. Furthermore, we introduce a unique context learning approach to ensure graceful degradation in situations of poor radar Doppler information or unfavorable camera viewing conditions. Experimental validations on public and our proposed datasets, along with benchmark comparisons, showcase CARB-Net’s superiority, boasting up to a 12% improvement in mAP performance. A series of ablation studies further emphasize the efficacy of the CARB-Net architecture. Our proposed dataset is released at magentahttps://github.com/weiyulee/RadVRU."
SAH-SCI: Self-Supervised Adapter for Efficient Hyperspectral Snapshot Compressive Imaging
Authors: Haijin Zeng; Yuxi Liu; Yongyong Chen; Youfa Liu; Chong Peng; Jingyong Su
Venue: ECCV 2024 (main)

Abstract: "Hyperspectral image (HSI) reconstruction is vital for recovering spatial-spectral information from compressed measurements in coded aperture snapshot spectral imaging (CASSI) systems. Despite the effectiveness of end-to-end and deep unfolding methods, their reliance on substantial training data poses challenges, notably the scarcity of labeled HSIs. Existing approaches often train on limited datasets, such as KAIST and CAVE, leading to biased models with poor generalization capabilities. Addressing these challenges, we propose a universal Self-Supervised Adapter for Hyperspectral Snapshot Compressive Imaging (SAH-SCI). Unlike full fine-tuning or linear probing, SAH-SCI enhances model generalization by training a lightweight adapter while preserving the original model’s parameters. We propose a novel approach that combines spectral and spatial adaptation to enhance an image model’s capacity for spatial-spectral reasoning. Additionally, we introduce a customized adapter self-supervised loss function that captures the consistency, group invariance and image uncertainty of CASSI imaging. This approach effectively reduces the solution space for ill-posed HSI reconstruction. Experimental results demonstrate SAH’s superiority over previous methods with fewer parameters, offering simplicity and adaptability to any end-to-end or unfolding methods. Our approach paves the way for leveraging more robust image foundation models in future hyperspectral imaging tasks."
Minimalist Vision with Freeform Pixels
Authors: Jeremy Klotz; Shree Nayar
Venue: ECCV 2024 (main)

Abstract: "A minimalist vision system uses the smallest number of pixels needed to solve a vision task. While traditional cameras use a large grid of square pixels, a minimalist camera uses freeform pixels that can take on arbitrary shapes to increase their information content. We show that the hardware of a minimalist camera can be modeled as the first layer of a neural network, where the subsequent layers are used for inference. Training the network for any given task yields the shapes of the camera’s freeform pixels, each of which is implemented using a photodetector and an optical mask. We have designed minimalist cameras for monitoring indoor spaces (with 8 pixels), measuring room lighting (with 8 pixels), and estimating traffic flow (with 8 pixels). The performance demonstrated by these systems is on par with a traditional camera with orders of magnitude more pixels. Minimalist vision has two major advantages. First, it naturally tends to preserve the privacy of individuals in the scene since the captured information is inadequate for extracting visual details. Second, since the number of measurements made by a minimalist camera is very small, we show that it can be fully self-powered, i.e., function without an external power supply or a battery."
All You Need is Your Voice: Emotional Face Representation with Audio Perspective for Emotional Talking Face Generation
Authors: Seongho Kim; Byung Cheol Song
Venue: ECCV 2024 (main)

Abstract: "With the rise of generative models, multi-modal video generation has gained significant attention, particularly in the realm of audio-driven emotional talking face synthesis. This paper addresses two key challenges in this domain: Input bias and intensity saturation. A novel neutralization scheme is first proposed to counter input bias, yielding impressive results in generating neutral talking faces from emotionally expressive ones. Furthermore, 2D continuous emotion label-based regression learning effectively generates varying emotional intensities on a frame basis. Results from a user study quantify subjective interpretations of strong emotions and naturalness, revealing up to 78.09% higher emotion accuracy and up to 3.41 higher naturalness score compared to the lowest-ranked method. https://github.com/sbde500/EAP"
LatentEditor: Text Driven Local Editing of 3D Scenes
Authors: Umar Khalid; Hasan Iqbal; Muhammad Tayyab; Md Nazmul Karim; Jing Hua; Chen Chen
Venue: ECCV 2024 (main)

Abstract: "While neural fields have made significant strides in view synthesis and scene reconstruction, editing them poses a formidable challenge due to their implicit encoding of geometry and texture information from multi-view inputs. In this paper, we introduce LatentEditor, an innovative framework designed to empower users with the ability to perform precise and locally controlled editing of neural fields using text prompts. Leveraging denoising diffusion models, we successfully embed real-world scenes into the latent space, resulting in a faster and more adaptable NeRF backbone for editing compared to traditional methods. To enhance editing precision, we introduce a delta score to calculate the 2D mask in the latent space that serves as a guide for local modifications while preserving irrelevant regions. Our novel pixel-level scoring approach harnesses the power of InstructPix2Pix (IP2P) to discern the disparity between IP2P conditional and unconditional noise predictions in the latent space. The edited latents conditioned on the 2D masks are then iteratively updated in the training set to achieve 3D local editing. Our approach achieves faster editing speeds and superior output quality compared to existing 3D editing models, bridging the gap between textual instructions and high-quality 3D scene editing in latent space. We show the superiority of our approach on four benchmark 3D datasets, LLFF [?], IN2N [?], NeRFStudio [?] and NeRF-Art [?]. Project Page: https: //latenteditor.github.io/"
Single-Photon 3D Imaging with Equi-Depth Photon Histograms
Authors: Kaustubh Sadekar; David Maier; Atul Ingle
Venue: ECCV 2024 (main)

Abstract: "Single-photon cameras present a promising avenue for high-resolution 3D imaging. They have ultra-high sensitivity—down to individual photons—and can record photon arrival times with extremely high (sub-nanosecond) resolution. Single-photon 3D cameras estimate the round-trip time of a laser pulse by forming equi-width (EW) histograms of detected photon timestamps. Acquiring and transferring such EW histograms requires high bandwidth and in-pixel memory, making SPCs less attractive in resource-constrained settings such as mobile devices and AR/VR headsets. In this work we propose a 3D sensing technique based on equi-depth (ED) histograms. ED histograms compress timestamp data more efficiently than EW histograms, reducing the bandwidth requirement. Moreover, to reduce the in-pixel memory requirement, we propose a lightweight algorithm to estimate ED histograms in an online fashion without explicitly storing the photon timestamps. This algorithm is amenable to future in-pixel implementations. We propose algorithms that process ED histograms to perform 3D computer-vision tasks of estimating scene distance maps and performing visual odometry under challenging conditions such as high ambient light. Our work paves the way towards lower bandwidth and reduced in-pixel memory requirements for SPCs, making them attractive for resource-constrained 3D vision applications."
Asynchronous Bioplausible Neuron for Spiking Neural Networks for Event-Based Vision
Authors: Hussain Sajwani; Dimitrios Makris; Yahya Prof. Zweiri; Fariborz Baghaei Naeini; Sanket Mr Kachole
Venue: ECCV 2024 (main)

Abstract: "Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) offer a biologically inspired approach to computer vision that can lead to more efficient processing of visual data with reduced energy consumption. However, maintaining homeostasis within SNNs is challenging, as it requires continuous adjustment of neural responses to preserve equilibrium and optimal processing efficiency amidst diverse and often unpredictable input signals. In response to these challenges, we propose the Asynchronous Bioplausible Neuron (ABN), a dynamic spike firing mechanism that offers a simple yet potent auto-adjustment to variations in input signals. Its parameters, Membrane Gradient (MG), Threshold Retrospective Gradient (TRG), and Spike Efficiency (SE), make it stand out for its easy implementation, significant effectiveness, and proven reduction in power consumption, a key innovation demonstrated in our experiments. Comprehensive evaluation across various datasets demonstrates ABN’s enhanced performance in image classification and segmentation, maintenance of neural equilibrium, and energy efficiency."
Viewpoint textual inversion: discovering scene representations and 3D view control in 2D diffusion models
Authors: James Burgess; Kuan-Chieh Wang; Serena Yeung-Levy
Venue: ECCV 2024 (main)

Abstract: "Text-to-image diffusion models generate impressive and realistic images, but do they learn to represent the 3D world from only 2D supervision? We demonstrate that yes, certain 3D scene representations are encoded in the text embedding space of models like Stable Diffusion. Our approach, Viewpoint Neural Textual Inversion (ViewNeTI), is to discover 3D view tokens; these tokens control the 3D viewpoint — the rendering pose in a scene — of generated images. Specifically, we train a small neural mapper to take continuous camera viewpoint parameters and predict a view token (a word embedding). This token conditions diffusion generation via cross-attention to produce images with the desired camera viewpoint. Using ViewNeTI as an evaluation tool, we report two findings: first, the text latent space has a continuous view-control manifold for particular 3D scenes; second, we find evidence for a generalized view-control manifold for all scenes. We conclude that since the view token controls the 3D ‘rendering’ viewpoint, there is likely a scene representation embedded in frozen 2D diffusion models. Finally, we exploit the 3D scene representations for 3D vision tasks, namely, view-controlled text-to-image generation, and novel view synthesis from a single image, where our approach sets state-of-the-art for LPIPS. Code available at https://github.com/jmhb0/view_neti"
POET: Prompt Offset Tuning for Continual Human Action Adaptation
Authors: Prachi Garg; Joseph K J; Vineeth N Balasubramanian; Necati Cihan Camgoz; Chengde Wan; Kenrick Kin; Weiguang Si; Shugao Ma; Fernando de la Torre
Venue: ECCV 2024 (main)

Abstract: "As extended reality (XR) is redefining how users interact with computing devices, research in human action recognition is gaining prominence. Typically, models deployed on immersive computing devices are static and limited to their default set of classes. The goal of our research is to provide users and developers with the capability to personalize their experience by adding new action classes to their device models continually. Importantly, a user should be able to add new classes in a low-shot and efficient manner, while this process should not require storing or replaying any of user’s sensitive training data. We formalize this problem as privacy-aware few-shot continual action recognition. Towards this end, we propose POET: Prompt-offset Tuning. While existing prompt tuning approaches have shown great promise for continual learning of image, text, and video modalities; they demand access to extensively pretrained transformers. Breaking away from this assumption, POET demonstrates the efficacy of prompt tuning a significantly lightweight backbone, pretrained exclusively on the base class data. We propose a novel spatio-temporal learnable prompt offset tuning approach, and are the first to apply such prompt tuning to Graph Neural Networks. We contribute two new benchmarks for our new problem setting in human action recognition: (i) NTU RGB+D dataset for activity recognition, and (ii) SHREC-2017 dataset for hand gesture recognition. We find that POET consistently outperforms comprehensive benchmarks. 1 1 Source Code at POET-continual-action-recognition https://github.com/humansensinglab/"
Domain Generalization of 3D Object Detection by Density-Resampling
Authors: Shuangzhi Li; Lei Ma; Xingyu Li
Venue: ECCV 2024 (main)

Abstract: "Point-cloud-based 3D object detection suffers from performance degradation when encountering data with novel domain gaps. To tackle it, single-domain generalization (SDG) aims to generalize the detection model trained in a limited single source domain to perform robustly on unexplored domains. Through analysis of errors and missed detections in 3D point clouds, it has become evident that challenges predominantly arise from variations in point cloud density, especially the sparsity of point cloud data. Thus, in this paper, we propose an SDG method centered around the theme of point cloud density resampling, which involves using data augmentation to simulate point clouds of different densities and developing a novel point cloud densification algorithm to enhance the detection accuracy of low-density point clouds. Specifically, our physical-aware density-resampling data augmentation (PDDA) is the first to consider the physical constraints on point density distribution in data augmentation, leading to a more realistic simulation of variation in cloud density. In systematic design, an auxiliary self-supervised point cloud densification task is incorporated into the detection framework, forming a basis for test-time model update. By manipulating point cloud density, our method not only increases the model’s adaptability to point clouds of different densities but also allows the self-supervised densification algorithm to serve as a metric for assessing the model’s understanding of the environment and semantic information. This, in turn, enables a test-time adjustment of the model to better adapt to varying domains. Extensive cross-dataset experiments covering “Car”, “Pedestrian”, and “Cyclist” detections demonstrate our method outperforms state-of-the-art SDG methods and even overpass unsupervised domain adaptation methods under some circumstances. The code is released at https://github.com/xingyu-group/3D-Density-Resampling-SDG."
IG Captioner: Information Gain Captioners are Strong Zero-shot Classifiers
Authors: Chenglin Yang; Siyuan Qiao; Yuan Cao; Yu Zhang; Tao Zhu; Alan Yuille; Jiahui Yu
Venue: ECCV 2024 (main)

Abstract: "Generative training has been demonstrated to be powerful for building visual-language models. However, on zero-shot discriminative benchmarks, there is still a performance gap between models trained with generative and discriminative objectives. In this paper, we aim to narrow this gap by improving the efficacy of generative training on classification tasks, without any finetuning processes or additional modules. Specifically, we focus on narrowing the gap between the generative captioner and the CLIP classifier. We begin by analysing the predictions made by the captioner and classifier and observe that the caption generation inherits the distribution bias from the language model trained with pure text modality, making it less grounded on the visual signal. To tackle this problem, we redesign the scoring objective for the captioner to alleviate the distributional bias and focus on measuring the gain of information brought by the visual inputs. We further design a generative training objective to match the evaluation objective. We name our model trained and evaluated from the novel procedures as Information Gain (IG) captioner. We pretrain the models on the public Laion-5B dataset and perform a series of discriminative evaluations. For the zero-shot classification on ImageNet, IG captioner achieves > 18% improvements over the standard captioner, achieving comparable performances with the CLIP classifier. IG captioner also demonstrated strong performance on zero-shot image-text retrieval tasks on MSCOCO and Flickr30K. We hope this paper inspires further research towards unifying generative and discriminative training procedures for visual-language models."
MRSP: Learn Multi-Representations of Single Primitive for Compositional Zero-Shot Learning
Authors: Dongyao Jiang; Hui Chen; Haodong Jing; Yongqiang Ma; Nanning Zheng
Venue: ECCV 2024 (main)

Abstract: "Compositional Zero-Shot Learning (CZSL) aims to classify unseen state-object compositions using seen primitives. Previous methods commonly map an identical primitive from different compositions to the same area within embedding space, aiming to establish primitive representation or assess decoding proficiency. However, relying solely on the intersection area of primitive concepts might overlook nuanced semantics due to conditional variance, thereby limiting the model’s capacity to generalize to unseen compositions. In contrast, our approach constructs primitive representations by considering the union area of primitives. We propose a Multiple Representation of Single Primitive learning framework (termed MRSP) for CZSL, which captures composition-relevant features through a state-object-composition three-branch cross-attention architecture. Specifically, the input image feature cross-attends to multiple state, object, and composition features and the prediction scores are adaptively adjusted by combining the output of each branch. Extensive experiments on three benchmarks in both closed-world and open-world settings showcase the superior effectiveness of MRSP."
Cross-Domain Semantic Segmentation on Inconsistent Taxonomy using VLMs
Authors: Jeongkee Lim; Yusung Kim
Venue: ECCV 2024 (main)

Abstract: "The challenge of semantic segmentation in Unsupervised Domain Adaptation (UDA) emerges not only from domain shifts between source and target images but also from discrepancies in class taxonomies across domains. Traditional UDA research assumes consistent taxonomy between the source and target domains, thereby limiting their ability to recognize and adapt to the taxonomy of the target domain. This paper introduces a novel approach, Cross-Domain Semantic Segmentation on Inconsistent Taxonomy using Vision Language Models (CSI), which effectively performs domain-adaptive semantic segmentation even in situations of source-target class mismatches. CSI leverages the semantic generalization potential of Visual Language Models (VLMs) to create synergy with previous UDA methods. It leverages segment reasoning obtained through traditional UDA methods, combined with the rich semantic knowledge embedded in VLMs, to relabel new classes in the target domain. This approach allows for effective adaptation to extended taxonomies without requiring any ground truth label for the target domain. Our method has shown to be effective across various benchmarks in situations of inconsistent taxonomy settings (coarse-to-fine taxonomy and open taxonomy) and demonstrates consistent synergy effects when integrated with previous state-of-the-art UDA methods. The implementation is available at https://github.com/jkee58/CSI."
TrafficNight : An Aerial Multimodal Benchmark For Nighttime Vehicle Surveillance
Authors: Guoxing Zhang; Yiming Liu; xiaoyu yang; Chao Huang; HUANG Hailong
Venue: ECCV 2024 (main)

Abstract: "In autonomous simulation and surveillance, realistic scenarios are crucial for advancing object detection algorithms. Existing aerial datasets suffer from sample class imbalance, especially in larger vehicles like trucks, and unrealistic lighting conditions. This hampers progress in driving behavior analysis and imitation. To address these limitations, we introduce a novel multimodal vehicle surveillance dataset, integrating aerial thermal infrared and sRGB imagery. It contributes: (1) A novel thermal infrared vehicle detection benchmark, ensuring robust object detection in nighttime lighting conditions. (2) Thermal infrared surveillance videos paired with corresponding HD-MAPs for improved multi-vehicle tracking. (3) Specialized annotations for semi-trailers, precisely documenting their movement trajectories and physical coordinates. TrafficNight significantly advances understanding of larger vehicles in traffic dynamics, serving as a benchmark for enhancing Autopilot systems and traffic surveillance in challenging environments. 1 1 See TrafficNight project webpage for the code and more."
Loc3Diff: Local Diffusion for 3D Human Head Synthesis and Editing
Authors: Yushi Lan; Feitong Tan; Qiangeng Xu; Di Qiu; Kyle Genova; Zeng Huang; Rohit Pandey; Sean Fanello; Thomas Funkhouser; Chen Change Loy; Yinda Zhang
Venue: ECCV 2024 (main)

Abstract: "We present a novel framework for generating photorealistic 3D human head and subsequently manipulating and reposing them with remarkable flexibility. The proposed approach constructs an implicit representation of 3D human heads, anchored on a parametric face model. To enhance representational capabilities and encode spatial information, we represent semantic consistent head region by a local tri-plane, modulated by a 3D Gaussian. Additionally, we parameterize these tri-planes in a 2D UV space via a 3DMM, enabling effective utilization of the diffusion model for 3D head avatar generation. Our method facilitates the creation of diverse and realistic 3D human heads with flexible global and fine-grained region-based editing over facial structures, appearance and expressions. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our method."
Towards Open Domain Text-Driven Synthesis of Multi-Person Motions
Authors: Mengyi Shan; Lu Dong; Yutao Han; Yuan Yao; Tao Liu; Ifeoma Nwogu; Guo-Jun Qi; Mitchell K Hill
Venue: ECCV 2024 (main)

Abstract: "This work aims to generate natural and diverse group motions of multiple humans from textual descriptions. While single-person text-to-motion generation is extensively studied, it remains challenging to synthesize motions for more than one or two subjects from in-the-wild prompts, mainly due to the lack of available datasets. In this work, we curate human pose and motion datasets by estimating pose information from large-scale image and video datasets. Our models use a transformer-based diffusion framework that accommodates multiple datasets with any number of subjects or frames. Experiments explore both generation of multi-person static poses and generation of multi-person motion sequences. To our knowledge, our method is the first to generate multi-subject motion sequences with high diversity and fidelity from a large variety of textual prompts."