GenAI4ELab/papercli-papers huggingface dataset:
Pyramidal Flow Matching for Efficient Video Generative Modeling
Authors: Yang Jin; Zhicheng Sun; Ningyuan Li; Kun Xu; Kun Xu; Hao Jiang; Nan Zhuang; Quzhe Huang; Yang Song; Yadong MU; Zhouchen Lin
Venue: ICLR 2025 (ICLR 2025 Poster)

Abstract: Video generation requires modeling a vast spatiotemporal space, which demands significant computational resources and data usage. To reduce the complexity, the prevailing approaches employ a cascaded architecture to avoid direct training with full resolution latent. Despite reducing computational demands, the separate optimization of each sub-stage hinders knowledge sharing and sacrifices flexibility. This work introduces a unified pyramidal flow matching algorithm. It reinterprets the original denoising trajectory as a series of pyramid stages, where only the final stage operates at the full resolution, thereby enabling more efficient video generative modeling. Through our sophisticated design, the flows of different pyramid stages can be interlinked to maintain continuity. Moreover, we craft autoregressive video generation with a temporal pyramid to compress the full-resolution history. The entire framework can be optimized in an end-to-end manner and with a single unified Diffusion Transformer (DiT). Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method supports generating high-quality 5-second (up to 10-second) videos at 768p resolution and 24 FPS within 20.7k A100 GPU training hours. All code and models are open-sourced at https://pyramid-flow.github.io.
CtrLoRA: An Extensible and Efficient Framework for Controllable Image Generation
Authors: Yifeng Xu; Zhenliang He; Shiguang Shan; Xilin Chen
Venue: ICLR 2025 (ICLR 2025 Poster)

Abstract: Recently, large-scale diffusion models have made impressive progress in text-to-image (T2I) generation. To further equip these T2I models with fine-grained spatial control, approaches like ControlNet introduce an extra network that learns to follow a condition image. However, for every single condition type, ControlNet requires independent training on millions of data pairs with hundreds of GPU hours, which is quite expensive and makes it challenging for ordinary users to explore and develop new types of conditions. To address this problem, we propose the CtrLoRA framework, which trains a Base ControlNet to learn the common knowledge of image-to-image generation from multiple base conditions, along with condition-specific LoRAs to capture distinct characteristics of each condition. Utilizing our pretrained Base ControlNet, users can easily adapt it to new conditions, requiring as few as 1,000 data pairs and less than one hour of single-GPU training to obtain satisfactory results in most scenarios. Moreover, our CtrLoRA reduces the learnable parameters by 90% compared to ControlNet, significantly lowering the threshold to distribute and deploy the model weights. Extensive experiments on various types of conditions demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of our method. Codes and model weights will be released at
https://github.com/xyfJASON/ctrlora.
Fast Summation of Radial Kernels via QMC Slicing
Authors: Johannes Hertrich; Tim Jahn; Michael Quellmalz
Venue: ICLR 2025 (ICLR 2025 Poster)

Abstract: The fast computation of large kernel sums is a challenging task, which arises as a subproblem in any kernel method. We approach the problem by slicing,  which relies on random projections to one-dimensional subspaces and fast Fourier summation. We prove bounds for the slicing error and propose a quasi-Monte Carlo (QMC) approach for selecting the projections based on spherical quadrature rules. Numerical examples demonstrate that our QMC-slicing approach significantly outperforms existing methods like (QMC-)random Fourier features, orthogonal Fourier features or non-QMC slicing  on standard test datasets.
Enhancing Federated Domain Adaptation with Multi-Domain Prototype-Based Federated Fine-Tuning
Authors: Jingyuan Zhang; Yiyang Duan; Shuaicheng Niu; YANG CAO; Wei Yang Bryan Lim
Venue: ICLR 2025 (ICLR 2025 Poster)

Abstract: Federated Domain Adaptation (FDA) is a Federated Learning (FL) scenario where models are trained across multiple clients with unique data domains but a shared category space, without transmitting private data. The primary challenge in FDA is data heterogeneity, which causes significant divergences in gradient updates when using conventional averaging-based aggregation methods, reducing the efficacy of the global model. This further undermines both in-domain and out-of-domain performance (within the same federated system but outside the local client), which is critical in certain business applications. To address this, we propose a novel framework called \textbf{M}ulti-domain \textbf{P}rototype-based \textbf{F}ederated Fine-\textbf{T}uning (MPFT). MPFT fine-tunes a pre-trained model using multi-domain prototypes, i.e., several pretrained representations enriched with domain-specific information from category-specific local data. This enables supervised learning on the server to create a globally optimized adapter that is subsequently distributed to local clients, without the intrusion of data privacy. Empirical results show that MPFT significantly improves both in-domain and out-of-domain accuracy over conventional methods, enhancing knowledge preservation and adaptation in FDA. Notably, MPFT achieves convergence within a single communication round, greatly reducing computation and communication costs. To ensure privacy, MPFT applies differential privacy to protect the prototypes. Additionally, we develop a prototype-based feature space hijacking attack to evaluate robustness, confirming that raw data samples remain unrecoverable even after extensive training epochs. The complete implementation of MPFL is available at \url{https://anonymous.4open.science/r/DomainFL/}.
Generalization Guarantees for Representation Learning via Data-Dependent Gaussian Mixture Priors
Authors: Milad Sefidgaran; Abdellatif Zaidi; Piotr Krasnowski
Venue: ICLR 2025 (ICLR 2025 Spotlight)

Abstract: We establish in-expectation and tail bounds on the generalization error of representation learning type algorithms. The bounds are in terms of the relative entropy between the distribution of the representations extracted from the training and "test'' datasets and a data-dependent symmetric prior, i.e., the Minimum Description Length (MDL) of the latent variables for the training and test datasets. Our bounds are shown to reflect the "structure" and "simplicity'' of the encoder and significantly improve upon the few existing ones for the studied model. We then use our in-expectation bound to devise a suitable data-dependent regularizer; and we investigate thoroughly the important question of the selection of the prior. We propose a systematic approach to simultaneously learning a data-dependent Gaussian mixture prior and using it as a regularizer. Interestingly, we show that a weighted attention mechanism emerges naturally in this procedure. Our experiments show that our approach outperforms the now popular Variational Information Bottleneck (VIB) method as well as the recent Category-Dependent VIB (CDVIB).
NEAR: A Training-Free Pre-Estimator of Machine Learning Model Performance
Authors: Raphael T. Husistein; Markus Reiher; Marco Eckhoff
Venue: ICLR 2025 (ICLR 2025 Poster)

Abstract: Artificial neural networks have been shown to be state-of-the-art machine learning models in a wide variety of applications, including natural language processing and image recognition. However, building a performant neural network is a laborious task and requires substantial computing power. Neural Architecture Search (NAS) addresses this issue by an automatic selection of the optimal network from a set of potential candidates. While many NAS methods still require training of (some) neural networks, zero-cost proxies promise to identify the optimal network without training. In this work, we propose the zero-cost proxy Network Expressivity by Activation Rank (NEAR). It is based on the effective rank of the pre- and post-activation matrix, i.e., the values of a neural network layer before and after applying its activation function. We demonstrate the cutting-edge correlation between this network score and the model accuracy on NAS-Bench-101 and NATS-Bench-SSS/TSS. In addition, we present a simple approach to estimate the optimal layer sizes in multi-layer perceptrons. Furthermore, we show that this score can be utilized to select hyperparameters such as the activation function and the neural network weight initialization scheme.
Do as I do (Safely): Mitigating Task-Specific Fine-tuning Risks in Large Language Models
Authors: Francisco Eiras; Aleksandar Petrov; Philip Torr; M. Pawan Kumar; Adel Bibi
Venue: ICLR 2025 (ICLR 2025 Poster)

Abstract: Recent research shows that fine-tuning on benign instruction-following data can inadvertently undo the safety alignment process and increase a model's propensity to comply with harmful queries. While instruction-following fine-tuning is important, task-specific fine-tuning-where models are trained on datasets with clear ground truth answers (e.g., multiple choice questions)-can enhance model performance on specialized downstream tasks. Understanding and mitigating safety risks in the task-specific setting remains distinct from the instruction-following context due to structural differences in the data. Our work demonstrates how malicious actors can subtly manipulate the structure of almost *any* task-specific dataset to foster significantly more dangerous model behaviors, while maintaining an appearance of innocuity and reasonable downstream task performance. To address this issue, we propose a novel mitigation strategy that mixes in safety data which *mimics* the task format and prompting style of the user data, showing this is significantly more effective and efficient than existing baselines at re-establishing safety alignment while maintaining similar task performance.
Epistemic Monte Carlo Tree Search
Authors: Yaniv Oren; Viliam Vadocz; Matthijs T. J. Spaan; Wendelin Boehmer
Venue: ICLR 2025 (ICLR 2025 Poster)

Abstract: The AlphaZero/MuZero (A/MZ) family of algorithms has achieved remarkable success across various challenging domains by integrating Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) with learned models. Learned models introduce epistemic uncertainty, which is caused by learning from limited data and is useful for exploration in sparse reward environments. MCTS does not account for the propagation of this uncertainty however. To address this, we introduce Epistemic MCTS (EMCTS): a theoretically motivated approach to account for the epistemic uncertainty in search and harness the search for deep exploration. In the challenging sparse-reward task of writing code in the Assembly language SUBLEQ, AZ paired with our method achieves significantly higher sample efficiency over baseline AZ. Search with EMCTS 
solves variations of the commonly used hard-exploration benchmark Deep Sea - which baseline A/MZ are practically unable to solve - much faster than an otherwise equivalent method that does not use search for uncertainty estimation, demonstrating significant benefits from search for epistemic uncertainty estimation.
Influence Functions for Scalable Data Attribution in Diffusion Models
Authors: Bruno Kacper Mlodozeniec; Runa Eschenhagen; Juhan Bae; Alexander Immer; David Krueger; Richard E. Turner
Venue: ICLR 2025 (ICLR 2025 Oral)

Abstract: Diffusion models have led to significant advancements in generative modelling. Yet their widespread adoption poses challenges regarding data attribution and interpretability. In this paper, we aim to help address such challenges in diffusion models by extending influence functions. Influence function-based data attribution methods approximate how a model's output would have changed if some training data were removed. In supervised learning, this is usually used for predicting how the loss on a particular example would change. For diffusion models, we focus on predicting the change in the probability of generating a particular example via several proxy measurements. We show how to formulate influence functions for such quantities and how previously proposed methods can be interpreted as particular design choices in our framework. To ensure scalability of the Hessian computations in influence functions, we use a K-FAC approximation based on generalised Gauss-Newton matrices specifically tailored to diffusion models. We show that our recommended method outperforms previously proposed data attribution methods on common data attribution evaluations, such as the Linear Data-modelling Score (LDS) or retraining without top influences, without the need for method-specific hyperparameter tuning.
Second-Order Min-Max Optimization with Lazy Hessians
Authors: Lesi Chen; Chengchang Liu; Jingzhao Zhang
Venue: ICLR 2025 (ICLR 2025 Oral)

Abstract: This paper studies second-order methods for convex-concave minimax optimization.  
Monteiro & Svaiter (2012)  proposed a method to solve the problem with an optimal iteration complexity of 
$\mathcal{O}(\epsilon^{-3/2})$ to find an $\epsilon$-saddle point.  However, it is unclear whether the
computational complexity, $\mathcal{O}((N+ d^2) d \epsilon^{-2/3})$, can be improved. In the above, we follow  Doikov et al. (2023) and assume the complexity of obtaining a first-order oracle as $N$ and the complexity of obtaining a second-order oracle as $dN$. 
In this paper, we show that the computation cost can be reduced by reusing Hessian across iterations. Our methods take the overall computational complexity of $\tilde{\mathcal{O}}( (N+d^2)(d+ d^{2/3}\epsilon^{-2/3}))$, which improves those of previous methods by a factor of $d^{1/3}$. 
Furthermore, we generalize our method to strongly-convex-strongly-concave minimax problems and establish the complexity of $\tilde{\mathcal{O}}((N+d^2) (d + d^{2/3} \kappa^{2/3}) )$ when the condition number of the problem is $\kappa$, enjoying a similar speedup upon the state-of-the-art method. 
Numerical experiments on both real and synthetic datasets also verify the efficiency of our method.
ParaSolver: A Hierarchical Parallel Integral Solver for Diffusion Models
Authors: Jianrong Lu; Zhiyu Zhu; Junhui Hou
Venue: ICLR 2025 (ICLR 2025 Poster)

Abstract: This paper explores the challenge of accelerating the sequential inference process of Diffusion Probabilistic Models (DPMs). We tackle this critical issue from a dynamic systems perspective, in which the inherent sequential nature is transformed into a parallel sampling process. Specifically, we propose a unified framework that generalizes the sequential sampling process of DPMs as solving a system of banded nonlinear equations. Under this generic framework, we reveal that the Jacobian of the banded nonlinear equations system possesses a unit-diagonal structure, enabling further approximation for acceleration. Moreover, we theoretically propose an effective initialization approach for parallel sampling methods. Finally, we construct \textit{ParaSolver}, a hierarchical parallel sampling technique that enhances sampling speed without compromising quality. Extensive experiments show that ParaSolver achieves up to \textbf{12.1× speedup} in terms of wall-clock time. The source code is publicly available at https://github.com/Jianrong-Lu/ParaSolver.git.
Enhance Multi-View Classification Through Multi-Scale Alignment and Expanded Boundary
Authors: Yuena Lin; Yiyuan Wang; Gengyu Lyu; Yongjian Deng; Haichun Cai; Huibin Lin; Haobo Wang; Zhen Yang
Venue: ICLR 2025 (ICLR 2025 Poster)

Abstract: Multi-view classification aims at unifying the data from multiple views to complementarily enhance the classification performance. Unfortunately, two major problems in multi-view data are damaging model performance. The first is feature heterogeneity, which makes it hard to fuse features from different views. Considering this, we introduce a multi-scale alignment module, including an instance-scale alignment module and a prototype-scale alignment module to mine the commonality from an inter-view perspective and an inter-class perspective respectively, jointly alleviating feature heterogeneity. The second is information redundancy which easily incurs ambiguous data to blur class boundaries and impair model generalization. Therefore, we propose a novel expanded boundary by extending the original class boundary with fuzzy set theory, which adaptively adjusts the boundary to fit ambiguous data. By integrating the expanded boundary into the prototype-scale alignment module, our model further tightens the produced representations and reduces boundary ambiguity. Additionally, compared with the original class boundary, the expanded boundary preserves more margins for classifying unseen data, which guarantees the model generalization. Extensive experiment results across various real-world datasets demonstrate the superiority of the proposed model against existing state-of-the-art methods.
LongGenBench: Benchmarking Long-Form Generation in Long Context LLMs
Authors: Yuhao Wu; Ming Shan Hee; Zhiqiang Hu; Roy Ka-Wei Lee
Venue: ICLR 2025 (ICLR 2025 Poster)

Abstract: Current benchmarks like ``$\textit{Needle-in-a-Haystack}$'' ($\textit{NIAH}$), $\textit{Ruler}$, and $\textit{Needlebench}$ focus on models' ability to understand long-context input sequences but fail to capture a critical dimension: the generation of high-quality long-form text. Applications such as design proposals, technical documentation, and creative writing rely on coherent, instruction-following outputs over extended sequences—a challenge that existing benchmarks do not adequately address. To fill this gap, we introduce $\textit{LongGenBench}$, a novel benchmark designed to rigorously evaluate large language models' (LLMs) ability to generate long text while adhering to complex instructions. Through tasks requiring specific events or constraints within generated text, $\textit{LongGenBench}$ evaluates model performance across four distinct scenarios, three instruction types, and two generation-lengths (16K and 32K tokens). Our evaluation of ten state-of-the-art LLMs reveals that, despite strong results on $\textit{Ruler}$, all models struggled with long text generation on $\textit{LongGenBench}$, particularly as text length increased. This suggests that current LLMs are not yet equipped to meet the demands of real-world, long-form text generation. We open-source $\textit{LongGenBench}$ to promote comprehensive evaluation and improvement in this critical area, with code and data available at ${anonymousurl}$.
Composing Unbalanced Flows for Flexible Docking and Relaxation
Authors: Gabriele Corso; Vignesh Ram Somnath; Noah Getz; Regina Barzilay; Tommi Jaakkola; Andreas Krause
Venue: ICLR 2025 (ICLR 2025 Oral)

Abstract: Diffusion models have emerged as a successful approach for molecular docking, but they often cannot model protein flexibility or generate nonphysical poses. We argue that both these challenges can be tackled by framing the problem as a transport between distributions. Still, existing paradigms lack the flexibility to define effective maps between such complex distributions. To address this limitation, we propose Unbalanced Flow Matching, a generalization of Flow Matching (FM) that allows trading off sample efficiency with approximation accuracy and enables more accurate transport. Empirically, we apply Unbalanced FM on flexible docking and structure relaxation, demonstrating our ability to model protein flexibility and generate energetically favorable poses. On the PDBBind docking benchmark, our method FlexDock improves the docking performance while increasing the proportion of energetically favorable poses from 30% to 73%.
Temporal Reasoning Transfer from Text to Video
Authors: Lei Li; Yuanxin Liu; Linli Yao; Peiyuan Zhang; Chenxin An; Lean Wang; Xu Sun; Lingpeng Kong; Qi Liu
Venue: ICLR 2025 (ICLR 2025 Poster)

Abstract: Video Large Language Models (Video LLMs) have shown promising capabilities in video comprehension, yet they struggle with tracking temporal changes and reasoning about temporal relationships.
While previous research attributed this limitation to the ineffective temporal encoding of visual inputs, our diagnostic study reveals that video representations contain sufficient information for even small probing classifiers to achieve perfect accuracy.
Surprisingly, we find that the key bottleneck in Video LLMs' temporal reasoning capability stems from the underlying LLM's inherent difficulty with temporal concepts, as evidenced by poor performance on textual temporal question-answering tasks.
Building on this discovery, we introduce the Textual Temporal reasoning Transfer (T3). 
T3 synthesizes diverse temporal reasoning tasks in pure text format from existing image-text datasets, addressing the scarcity of video samples with complex temporal scenarios. 
Remarkably, without using any video data, T3 enhances LongVA-7B's temporal understanding, yielding a 5.3 absolute accuracy improvement on the challenging TempCompass benchmark, which enables our model to outperform ShareGPT4Video-8B trained on 28,000 video samples.
Additionally, the enhanced LongVA-7B model achieves competitive performance on comprehensive video benchmarks. For example, it achieves a 49.7 accuracy on the Temporal Reasoning task of Video-MME, surpassing powerful large-scale models such as InternVL-Chat-V1.5-20B and VILA1.5-40B. 
Further analysis reveals a strong correlation between textual and video temporal task performance, validating the efficacy of transferring temporal reasoning abilities from text to video domains.
Interpreting Language Reward Models via Contrastive Explanations
Authors: Junqi Jiang; Tom Bewley; Saumitra Mishra; Freddy Lecue; Manuela Veloso
Venue: ICLR 2025 (ICLR 2025 Poster)

Abstract: Reward models (RMs) are a crucial component in the alignment of large language models’ (LLMs) outputs with human values. RMs approximate human preferences over possible LLM responses to the same prompt by predicting and comparing reward scores. However, as they are typically modified versions of LLMs with scalar output heads, RMs are large black boxes whose predictions are not explainable. More transparent RMs would enable improved trust in the alignment of LLMs. In this work, we propose to use contrastive explanations to explain any binary response comparison made by an RM. Specifically, we generate a diverse set of new comparisons similar to the original one to characterise the RM’s local behaviour. The perturbed responses forming the new comparisons are generated to explicitly modify manually specified high-level evaluation attributes, on which analyses of RM behaviour are grounded. In quantitative experiments, we validate the effectiveness of our method for finding high-quality contrastive explanations. We then showcase the qualitative usefulness of our method for investigating global sensitivity of RMs to each evaluation attribute, and demonstrate how representative examples can be automatically extracted to explain and compare behaviours of different RMs. We see our method as a flexible framework for RM explanation, providing a basis for more interpretable and trustworthy LLM alignment.