GenAI4ELab/papercli-papers huggingface dataset:
Video-Based Human Pose Regression via Decoupled Space-Time Aggregation
Authors: Jijie He; Wenwu Yang
Venue: CVPR 2024 (main)

Abstract: By leveraging temporal dependency in video sequences multi-frame human pose estimation algorithms have demonstrated remarkable results in complicated situations such as occlusion motion blur and video defocus. These algorithms are predominantly based on heatmaps resulting in high computation and storage requirements per frame which limits their flexibility and real-time application in video scenarios particularly on edge devices. In this paper we develop an efficient and effective video-based human pose regression method which bypasses intermediate representations such as heatmaps and instead directly maps the input to the output joint coordinates. Despite the inherent spatial correlation among adjacent joints of the human pose the temporal trajectory of each individual joint exhibits relative independence. In light of this we propose a novel Decoupled Space-Time Aggregation network (DSTA) to separately capture the spatial contexts between adjacent joints and the temporal cues of each individual joint thereby avoiding the conflation of spatiotemporal dimensions. Concretely DSTA learns a dedicated feature token for each joint to facilitate the modeling of their spatiotemporal dependencies. With the proposed joint-wise local-awareness attention mechanism our method is capable of efficiently and flexibly utilizing the spatial dependency of adjacent joints and the temporal dependency of each joint itself. Extensive experiments demonstrate the superiority of our method. Compared to previous regression-based single-frame human pose estimation methods DSTA significantly enhances performance achieving an 8.9 mAP improvement on PoseTrack2017. Furthermore our approach either surpasses or is on par with the state-of-the-art heatmap-based multi-frame human pose estimation methods. Project page: https://github.com/zgspose/DSTA.
L-MAGIC: Language Model Assisted Generation of Images with Coherence
Authors: Zhipeng Cai; Matthias Mueller; Reiner Birkl; Diana Wofk; Shao-Yen Tseng; Junda Cheng; Gabriela Ben-Melech Stan; Vasudev Lai; Michael Paulitsch
Venue: CVPR 2024 (main)

Abstract: In the current era of generative AI breakthroughs generating panoramic scenes from a single input image remains a key challenge. Most existing methods use diffusion-based iterative or simultaneous multi-view inpainting. However the lack of global scene layout priors leads to subpar outputs with duplicated objects (e.g. multiple beds in a bedroom) or requires time-consuming human text inputs for each view. We propose L-MAGIC a novel method leveraging large language models for guidance while diffusing multiple coherent views of 360 degree panoramic scenes. L-MAGIC harnesses pre-trained diffusion and language models without fine-tuning ensuring zero-shot performance. The output quality is further enhanced by super-resolution and multi-view fusion techniques. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the resulting panoramic scenes feature better scene layouts and perspective view rendering quality compared to related works with >70% preference in human evaluations. Combined with conditional diffusion models L-MAGIC can accept various input modalities including but not limited to text depth maps sketches and colored scripts. Applying depth estimation further enables 3D point cloud generation and dynamic scene exploration with fluid camera motion.
3D Face Tracking from 2D Video through Iterative Dense UV to Image Flow
Authors: Felix Taubner; Prashant Raina; Mathieu Tuli; Eu Wern Teh; Chul Lee; Jinmiao Huang
Venue: CVPR 2024 (main)

Abstract: When working with 3D facial data improving fidelity and avoiding the uncanny valley effect is critically dependent on accurate 3D facial performance capture. Because such methods are expensive and due to the widespread availability of 2D videos recent methods have focused on how to perform monocular 3D face tracking. However these methods often fall short in capturing precise facial movements due to limitations in their network architecture training and evaluation processes. Addressing these challenges we propose a novel face tracker FlowFace that introduces an innovative 2D alignment network for dense per-vertex alignment. Unlike prior work FlowFace is trained on high-quality 3D scan annotations rather than weak supervision or synthetic data. Our 3D model fitting module jointly fits a 3D face model from one or many observations integrating existing neutral shape priors for enhanced identity and expression disentanglement and per-vertex deformations for detailed facial feature reconstruction. Additionally we propose a novel metric and benchmark for assessing tracking accuracy. Our method exhibits superior performance on both custom and publicly available benchmarks. We further validate the effectiveness of our tracker by generating high-quality 3D data from 2D videos which leads to performance gains on downstream tasks.
Carve3D: Improving Multi-view Reconstruction Consistency for Diffusion Models with RL Finetuning
Authors: Desai Xie; Jiahao Li; Hao Tan; Xin Sun; Zhixin Shu; Yi Zhou; Sai Bi; Sören Pirk; Arie E. Kaufman
Venue: CVPR 2024 (main)

Abstract: Multi-view diffusion models obtained by applying Supervised Finetuning (SFT) to text-to-image diffusion models have driven recent breakthroughs in text-to-3D research. However due to the limited size and quality of existing 3D datasets they still suffer from multi-view inconsistencies and Neural Radiance Field (NeRF) reconstruction artifacts. We argue that multi-view diffusion models can benefit from further Reinforcement Learning Finetuning (RLFT) which allows models to learn from the data generated by themselves and improve beyond their dataset limitations during SFT. To this end we introduce Carve3D an improved RLFT algorithm coupled with a novel Multi-view Reconstruction Consistency (MRC) metric to enhance the consistency of multi-view diffusion models. To measure the MRC metric on a set of multi-view images we compare them with their corresponding NeRF renderings at the same camera viewpoints. The resulting model which we denote as Carve3DM demonstrates superior multi-view consistency and NeRF reconstruction quality than existing models. Our results suggest that pairing SFT with Carve3D's RLFT is essential for developing multi-view-consistent diffusion models mirroring the standard Large Language Model (LLM) alignment pipeline. Our code training and testing data and video results are available at: https://desaixie.github.io/carve-3d.
Random Entangled Tokens for Adversarially Robust Vision Transformer
Authors: Huihui Gong; Minjing Dong; Siqi Ma; Seyit Camtepe; Surya Nepal; Chang Xu
Venue: CVPR 2024 (main)

Abstract: Vision Transformers (ViTs) have emerged as a compelling alternative to Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) in the realm of computer vision showcasing tremendous potential. However recent research has unveiled a susceptibility of ViTs to adversarial attacks akin to their CNN counterparts. Adversarial training and randomization are two representative effective defenses for CNNs. Some researchers have attempted to apply adversarial training to ViTs and achieved comparable robustness to CNNs while it is not easy to directly apply randomization to ViTs because of the architecture difference between CNNs and ViTs. In this paper we delve into the structural intricacies of ViTs and propose a novel defense mechanism termed Random entangled image Transformer (ReiT) which seamlessly integrates adversarial training and randomization to bolster the adversarial robustness of ViTs. Recognizing the challenge posed by the structural disparities between ViTs and CNNs we introduce a novel module input-independent random entangled self-attention (II-ReSA). This module optimizes random entangled tokens that lead to "dissimilar" self-attention outputs by leveraging model parameters and the sampled random tokens thereby synthesizing the self-attention module outputs and random entangled tokens to diminish adversarial similarity. ReiT incorporates two distinct random entangled tokens and employs dual randomization offering an effective countermeasure against adversarial examples while ensuring comprehensive deduction guarantees. Through extensive experiments conducted on various ViT variants and benchmarks we substantiate the superiority of our proposed method in enhancing the adversarial robustness of Vision Transformers.
Shadow Generation for Composite Image Using Diffusion Model
Authors: Qingyang Liu; Junqi You; Jianting Wang; Xinhao Tao; Bo Zhang; Li Niu
Venue: CVPR 2024 (main)

Abstract: In the realm of image composition generating realistic shadow for the inserted foreground remains a formidable challenge. Previous works have developed image-to-image translation models which are trained on paired training data. However they are struggling to generate shadows with accurate shapes and intensities hindered by data scarcity and inherent task complexity. In this paper we resort to foundation model with rich prior knowledge of natural shadow images. Specifically we first adapt ControlNet to our task and then propose intensity modulation modules to improve the shadow intensity. Moreover we extend the small-scale DESOBA dataset to DESOBAv2 using a novel data acquisition pipeline. Experimental results on both DESOBA and DESOBAv2 datasets as well as real composite images demonstrate the superior capability of our model for shadow generation task. The dataset code and model are released at https://github.com/bcmi/Object-Shadow-Generation-Dataset-DESOBAv2.
DisCo: Disentangled Control for Realistic Human Dance Generation
Authors: Tan Wang; Linjie Li; Kevin Lin; Yuanhao Zhai; Chung-Ching Lin; Zhengyuan Yang; Hanwang Zhang; Zicheng Liu; Lijuan Wang
Venue: CVPR 2024 (main)

Abstract: Generative AI has made significant strides in computer vision particularly in text-driven image/video synthesis (T2I/T2V). Despite the notable advancements it remains challenging in human-centric content synthesis such as realistic dance generation. Current methodologies primarily tailored for human motion transfer encounter difficulties when confronted with real-world dance scenarios (e.g. social media dance) which require to generalize across a wide spectrum of poses and intricate human details. In this paper we depart from the traditional paradigm of human motion transfer and emphasize two additional critical attributes for the synthesis of human dance content in social media contexts: (i) Generalizability: the model should be able to generalize beyond generic human viewpoints as well as unseen human subjects backgrounds and poses; (ii) Compositionality: it should allow for the seamless composition of seen/unseen subjects backgrounds and poses from different sources. To address these challenges we introduce DISCO which includes a novel model architecture with disentangled control to improve the compositionality of dance synthesis and an effective human attribute pre-training for better generalizability to unseen humans. Extensive qualitative and quantitative results demonstrate that DISCO can generate high-quality human dance images and videos with diverse appearances and flexible motions. Code is available at https://disco-dance.github.io/.
L2B: Learning to Bootstrap Robust Models for Combating Label Noise
Authors: Yuyin Zhou; Xianhang Li; Fengze Liu; Qingyue Wei; Xuxi Chen; Lequan Yu; Cihang Xie; Matthew P. Lungren; Lei Xing
Venue: CVPR 2024 (main)

Abstract: Deep neural networks have shown great success in representation learning. Deep neural networks have shown great success in representation learning. However when learning with noisy labels (LNL) they can easily overfit and fail to generalize to new data. This paper introduces a simple and effective method named Learning to Bootstrap (L2B) which enables models to bootstrap themselves using their own predictions without being adversely affected by erroneous pseudo-labels. It achieves this by dynamically adjusting the importance weight between real observed and generated labels as well as between different samples through meta-learning. Unlike existing instance reweighting methods the key to our method lies in a new versatile objective that enables implicit relabeling concurrently leading to significant improvements without incurring additional costs. L2B offers several benefits over the baseline methods. It yields more robust models that are less susceptible to the impact of noisy labels by guiding the bootstrapping procedure more effectively. It better exploits the valuable information contained in corrupted instances by adapting the weights of both instances and labels. Furthermore L2B is compatible with existing LNL methods and delivers competitive results spanning natural and medical imaging tasks including classification and segmentation under both synthetic and real-world noise. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method effectively mitigates the challenges of noisy labels often necessitating few to no validation samples and is well generalized to other tasks such as image segmentation. This not only positions it as a robust complement to existing LNL techniques but also underscores its practical applicability. The code and models are available at https://github.com/yuyinzhou/l2b.
GaussianShader: 3D Gaussian Splatting with Shading Functions for Reflective Surfaces
Authors: Yingwenqi Jiang; Jiadong Tu; Yuan Liu; Xifeng Gao; Xiaoxiao Long; Wenping Wang; Yuexin Ma
Venue: CVPR 2024 (main)

Abstract: The advent of neural 3D Gaussians has recently brought about a revolution in the field of neural rendering facilitating the generation of high-quality renderings at real-time speeds. However the explicit and discrete representation encounters challenges when applied to scenes featuring reflective surfaces. In this paper we present GaussianShader a novel method that applies a simplified shading function on 3D Gaussians to enhance the neural rendering in scenes with reflective surfaces while preserving the training and rendering efficiency. The main challenge in applying the shading function lies in the accurate normal estimation on discrete 3D Gaussians. Specifically we proposed a novel normal estimation framework based on the shortest axis directions of 3D Gaussians with a delicately designed loss to make the consistency between the normals and the geometries of Gaussian spheres. Experiments show that GaussianShader strikes a commendable balance between efficiency and visual quality. Our method surpasses Gaussian Splatting in PSNR on specular object datasets exhibiting an improvement of 1.57dB. When compared to prior works handling reflective surfaces such as Ref-NeRF our optimization time is significantly accelerated (23h vs. 0.58h).
Tactile-Augmented Radiance Fields
Authors: Yiming Dou; Fengyu Yang; Yi Liu; Antonio Loquercio; Andrew Owens
Venue: CVPR 2024 (main)

Abstract: We present a scene representation that brings vision and touch into a shared 3D space which we call a tactile-augmented radiance field. This representation capitalizes on two key insights: (i) ubiquitous vision-based touch sensors are built on perspective cameras and (ii) visually and structurally similar regions of a scene share the same tactile features. We use these insights to train a conditional diffusion model that provided with an RGB image and a depth map rendered from a neural radiance field generates its corresponding tactile "image". To train this diffusion model we collect the largest collection of spatially-aligned visual and tactile data. Through qualitative and quantitative experiments we demonstrate the accuracy of our cross-modal generative model and the utility of collected and rendered visual-tactile pairs across a range of downstream tasks. Project page: https://dou-yiming.github.io/TaRF
Intensity-Robust Autofocus for Spike Camera
Authors: Changqing Su; Zhiyuan Ye; Yongsheng Xiao; You Zhou; Zhen Cheng; Bo Xiong; Zhaofei Yu; Tiejun Huang
Venue: CVPR 2024 (main)

Abstract: Spike cameras a novel neuromorphic visual sensor can capture full-time spatial information through spike stream offering ultra-high temporal resolution and an extensive dynamic range. Autofocus control (AC) plays a pivotal role in a camera to efficiently capture information in challenging real-world scenarios. Nevertheless due to disparities in data modality and information characteristics compared to frame stream and event stream the current lack of efficient AC methods has made it challenging for spike cameras to adapt to intricate real-world conditions. To address this challenge we introduce a spike-based autofocus framework that includes a spike-specific focus measure called spike dispersion (SD) which effectively mitigates the influence of variations in scene light intensity during the focusing process by leveraging the spike camera's ability to record full-time spatial light intensity. Additionally the framework integrates a fast search strategy called spike-based golden fast search (SGFS) allowing rapid focal positioning without the need for a complete focus range traversal. To validate the performance of our method we have collected a spike-based autofocus dataset (SAD) containing synthetic data and real-world data under varying scene brightness and motion scenarios. Experimental results on these datasets demonstrate that our method offers state-of-the-art accuracy and efficiency. Furthermore experiments with data captured under varying scene brightness levels illustrate the robustness of our method to changes in light intensity during the focusing process.
FairCLIP: Harnessing Fairness in Vision-Language Learning
Authors: Yan Luo; Min Shi; Muhammad Osama Khan; Muhammad Muneeb Afzal; Hao Huang; Shuaihang Yuan; Yu Tian; Luo Song; Ava Kouhana; Tobias Elze; Yi Fang; Mengyu Wang
Venue: CVPR 2024 (main)

Abstract: Fairness is a critical concern in deep learning especially in healthcare where these models influence diagnoses and treatment decisions. Although fairness has been investigated in the vision-only domain the fairness of medical vision-language (VL) models remains unexplored due to the scarcity of medical VL datasets for studying fairness. To bridge this research gap we introduce the first fair vision-language medical dataset (Harvard-FairVLMed) that provides detailed demographic attributes ground-truth labels and clinical notes to facilitate an in-depth examination of fairness within VL foundation models. Using Harvard-FairVLMed we conduct a comprehensive fairness analysis of two widely-used VL models (CLIP and BLIP2) pre-trained on both natural and medical domains across four different protected attributes. Our results highlight significant biases in all VL models with Asian Male Non-Hispanic and Spanish being the preferred subgroups across the protected attributes of race gender ethnicity and language respectively. In order to alleviate these biases we propose FairCLIP an optimal-transport-based approach that achieves a favorable trade-off between performance and fairness by reducing the Sinkhorn distance between the overall sample distribution and the distributions corresponding to each demographic group. As the first VL dataset of its kind Harvard-FairVLMed holds the potential to catalyze advancements in the development of machine learning models that are both ethically aware and clinically effective. Our dataset and code are available at https://ophai.hms.harvard.edu/datasets/harvard-fairvlmed10k.
StreamingFlow: Streaming Occupancy Forecasting with Asynchronous Multi-modal Data Streams via Neural Ordinary Differential Equation
Authors: Yining Shi; Kun Jiang; Ke Wang; Jiusi Li; Yunlong Wang; Mengmeng Yang; Diange Yang
Venue: CVPR 2024 (main)

Abstract: Predicting the future occupancy states of the surrounding environment is a vital task for autonomous driving. However current best-performing single-modality methods or multi-modality fusion perception methods are only able to predict uniform snapshots of future occupancy states and require strictly synchronized sensory data for sensor fusion. We propose a novel framework StreamingFlow to lift these strong limitations. StreamingFlow is a novel BEV occupancy predictor that ingests asynchronous multi-sensor data streams for fusion and performs streaming forecasting of the future occupancy map at any future timestamps. By integrating neural ordinary differential equations (N-ODE) into recurrent neural networks StreamingFlow learns derivatives of BEV features over temporal horizons updates the implicit sensor's BEV features as part of the fusion process and propagates BEV states to the desired future time point. It shows good zero-shot generalization ability of prediction reflected in the interpolation of the observed prediction time horizon and the reasonable inference of the unseen farther future period. Extensive experiments on two large-scale datasets nuScenes and Lyft L5 demonstrate that StreamingFlow significantly outperforms previous vision-based LiDAR-based methods and shows superior performance compared to state-of-the-art fusion-based methods.
pix2gestalt: Amodal Segmentation by Synthesizing Wholes
Authors: Ege Ozguroglu; Ruoshi Liu; Dídac Surís; Dian Chen; Achal Dave; Pavel Tokmakov; Carl Vondrick
Venue: CVPR 2024 (main)

Abstract: We introduce pix2gestalt a framework for zero-shot amodal segmentation which learns to estimate the shape and appearance of whole objects that are only partially visible behind occlusions. By capitalizing on large-scale diffusion models and transferring their representations to this task we learn a conditional diffusion model for reconstructing whole objects in challenging zero-shot cases including examples that break natural and physical priors such as art. As training data we use a synthetically curated dataset containing occluded objects paired with their whole counterparts. Experiments show that our approach outperforms supervised baselines on established benchmarks. Our model can furthermore be used to significantly improve the performance of existing object recognition and 3D reconstruction methods in the presence of occlusions.
Weakly Supervised Point Cloud Semantic Segmentation via Artificial Oracle
Authors: Hyeokjun Kweon; Jihun Kim; Kuk-Jin Yoon
Venue: CVPR 2024 (main)

Abstract: Manual annotation of every point in a point cloud is a costly and labor-intensive process. While weakly supervised point cloud semantic segmentation (WSPCSS) with sparse annotation shows promise the limited information from initial sparse labels can place an upper bound on performance. As a new research direction for WSPCSS we propose a novel Region Exploration via Artificial Labeling (REAL) framework. It leverages a foundational image model as an artificial oracle within the active learning context eliminating the need for manual annotation by a human oracle. To integrate the 2D model into the 3D domain we first introduce a Projection-based Point-toSegment (PP2S) module designed to enable prompt segmentation of 3D data without additional training. The REAL framework samples query points based on model predictions and requests annotations from PP2S dynamically refining labels and improving model training. Furthermore to overcome several challenges of employing an artificial model as an oracle we formulate effective query sampling and label updating strategies. Our comprehensive experiments and comparisons demonstrate that the REAL framework significantly outperforms existing methods across various benchmarks. The code is available at https://github.com/jihun1998/AO.