GenAI4ELab/papercli-papers huggingface dataset:
Generative Co-Design of Antibody Sequences and Structures via Black-Box Guidance in a Shared Latent Space
Authors: Yinghua Yao; Yuangang Pan; Xixian Chen
Venue: IJCAI 2025 (main)

Abstract: Advancements in deep generative models have enabled the joint modeling of antibody sequence and structure, given the antigen-antibody complex as context. However, existing approaches for optimizing complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) to improve developability properties operate in the raw data space, leading to excessively costly evaluations due to the inefficient search process. To address this, we propose LatEnt blAck-box Design (LEAD), a sequence-structure co-design framework that optimizes both sequence and structure within their shared latent space. Optimizing shared latent codes can not only break through the limitations of existing methods, but also ensure synchronization of different modality designs. Particularly, we design a black-box guidance strategy to accommodate real-world scenarios where many property evaluators are non-differentiable. Experimental results demonstrate that our LEAD achieves superior optimization performance for both single and multi-property objectives. Notably, LEAD reduces query consumption by a half while surpassing baseline methods in property optimization. The code is available at https://github.com/EvaFlower/LatEnt-blAck-box-Design.
Towards Comprehensive and Prerequisite-Free Explainer for Graph Neural Networks
Authors: Han Zhang; Yan Wang; Guanfeng Liu; Pengfei Ding; Huaxiong Wang; Kwok-Yan Lam
Venue: IJCAI 2025 (main)

Abstract: To enhance the reliability and credibility of graph neural networks (GNNs) and improve the transparency of their decision logic, a new field of explainability of GNNs (XGNN) has emerged. However, two major limitations severely degrade the performance and hinder the generalizability of existing XGNN methods: they (a) fail to capture the complete decision logic of GNNs across diverse distributions in the entire dataset's sample space, and (b) impose strict prerequisites on edge properties and GNN internal accessibility. To address these limitations, we propose OPEN, a novel cOmprehensive and Prerequisite-free Explainer for GNNs. OPEN, as the first work in the literature, can infer and partition the entire dataset's sample space into multiple environments, each containing graphs that follow a distinct distribution. OPEN further learns the decision logic of GNNs across different distributions by sampling subgraphs from each environment and analyzing their predictions, thus eliminating the need for strict prerequisites. Experimental results demonstrate that OPEN captures nearly complete decision logic of GNNs, outperforms state-of-the-art methods in fidelity while maintaining similar efficiency, and enhances robustness in real-world scenarios.
SSPNet: Leveraging Robust Medication Recommendation with History and Knowledge
Authors: Haodi Zhang; Jiawei Wen; Jiahong Li; Yuanfeng Song; Liang-Jie Zhang; Lin Ma
Venue: IJCAI 2025 (main)

Abstract: Automated medication recommendation is a crucial task within the domain of artificial intelligence in healthcare, where recommender systems are supposed to deliver precise, personalized drug combinations tailored to the evolving health states of patients. Existing approaches often treat clinical records (e.g., diagnoses, procedures) as isolated or unified entities, neglecting the inherent set-structured nature of medical data and the need to model interdependencies among clinical elements. To address the gap, we propose SSPNet, a novel end-to-end framework designed to process complete clinical record sets and directly generate optimal medication sets. SSPNet employs a set-based encoder to effectively capture and represent a patient's health condition from the electronic health records (EHRs), while a permutation-consistent decoder predicts the entire medication combination as a set. In addition, we introduce a novel personalized representation mechanism to capture the drugs previously used by individual patients. Extensive experiments on MIMIC-Ⅲ and MIMIC-Ⅳ data sets reveal that SSPNet surpasses existing state-of-the-art methods in the accuracy of medication recommendations.
Revisiting Continual Ultra-fine-grained Visual Recognition with Pre-trained Models
Authors: Pengcheng Zhang; Xiaohan Yu; Meiying Gu; Yuchen Wu; Yongsheng Gao; Xiao Bai
Venue: IJCAI 2025 (main)

Abstract: Continual ultra-fine-grained visual recognition (C-UFG) aims to continuously learn to categorize the increasing number of cultivates (VC-UFG) and consistently recognize crops across reproductive stages (HC-UFG), which is a fundamental goal of intelligent agriculture. Despite the progress made in general continual learning, C-UFG remains an underexplored issue. This work establishes the first comprehensive C-UFG benchmark using massive soy leaf data. By analyzing recent pre-trained model (PTM) based continual learning methods on the proposed benchmark, we propose two simple yet effective PTM-based methods to boost the performance of VC-UFG and HC-UFG, respectively. On top of those, we integrate the two methods into one unified framework and propose the first unified model, Unic, that is capable of tackling the C-UFG problem where VC-UFG and HC-UFG co-exist in a single continual learning sequence. To understand the effectiveness of the proposed methods, we first evaluate the models on VC-UFG and HC-UFG challenges and then test the proposed Unic on a unified C-UFG challenge. Experimental results demonstrate the proposed methods achieve superior performance for C-UFG. The code is available at https://github.com/PatrickZad/unicufg.
Enhancing Portfolio Optimization via Heuristic-Guided Inverse Reinforcement Learning with Multi-Objective Reward and Graph-based Policy Learning
Authors: Wenyi Zhang; Renjun Jia; Yanhao Wang; Dawei Cheng; Minghao Zhao; Cen Chen
Venue: IJCAI 2025 (main)

Abstract: Portfolio optimization encounters persistent challenges in adapting to dynamic markets due to static assumptions and high-dimensional decision spaces. Although reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a potential solution, conventional reward engineering often fails to capture complex market dynamics. Recent advances in deep RL and graph neural networks have attempted to enhance market microstructure modeling. However, these methods still struggle with the systematic integration of financial knowledge. To address the above issues, we propose a novel heuristic-guided inverse reinforcement learning framework for portfolio optimization. Specifically, our framework provides an interpretable expert strategy generation mechanism that takes into account sector diversification and correlation constraints. Then, a multi-objective reward optimization method is adopted to adaptively strike a balance between returns and risks. Furthermore, it also utilizes heterogeneous graph policy learning with hierarchical attention mechanisms to explicitly model inter-stock relationships. Finally, we conduct extensive experiments on real-world financial market data to demonstrate that our framework outperforms several state-of-the-art deep learning and RL baselines in terms of risk-adjusted returns. We provide case studies to showcase the ability of our framework to balance return maximization and risk containment. Our code is publicly available at https://github.com/ChloeWenyiZhang/SmartFolio/.
Transformer-based Reinforcement Learning for Net Ordering in Detailed Routing
Authors: Zhanwen Zhou; Hankz Hankui Zhuo; Jinghua Zhou; Wushao Wen
Venue: IJCAI 2025 (main)

Abstract: With feature size shrinking and design complexity increasing, detailed routing has become a crucial challenge in VLSI design. Although detailed routers have been proposed to judiciously handle hard-to-access pins and various design rules, their performances are sensitive to the order of nets to be routed, especially for those sequential routers with ripup-and-reroute scheme. In the published literature, net ordering strategies mainly rely on experts' knowledge to design heuristics to guarantee their performances. In this paper, we propose a novel transformer-based reinforcement learning framework for net ordering in detailed routing, aiming at automatically gaining failure/success routing experiences and building net order policies to guide detailed routing. Our experimental results show that our framework can effectively reduce the number of design rule violations and routing cost with comparable wirelength and via count, with comparison to state-of-the-art approaches.
FLARE: A Framework for Stellar Flare Forecasting Using Stellar Physical Properties and Historical Records
Authors: Bingke Zhu; Xiaoxiao Wang; Minghui Jia; Yihan Tao; Xiao Kong; Ali Luo; Yingying Chen; Ming Tang; Jinqiao Wang
Venue: IJCAI 2025 (main)

Abstract: Stellar flare events are critical observational samples for astronomical research; however, recorded flare events remain limited. Stellar flare forecasting can provide additional flare event samples to support research efforts. Despite this potential, no specialized models for stellar flare forecasting have been proposed to date. In this paper, we present extensive experimental evidence demonstrating that both stellar physical properties and historical flare records are valuable inputs for flare forecasting tasks. We then introduce FLARE (Forecasting Light-curve-based Astronomical Records via features Ensemble), the first-of-its-kind large model specifically designed for stellar flare forecasting. FLARE integrates stellar physical properties and historical flare records through a novel Soft Prompt Module and Residual Record Fusion Module. Experiments on the Kepler light curve dataset demonstrate that FLARE achieves superior performance compared to other methods across all evaluation metrics. Finally, we validate the forecast capability of our model through a comprehensive case study.
Faster Annotation for Elevation-Guided Flood Extent Mapping by Consistency-Enhanced Active Learning
Authors: Saugat Adhikari; Da Yan; Tianyang Wang; Landon Dyken; Sidharth Kumar; Lyuheng Yuan; Akhlaque Ahmad; Jiao Han; Yang Zhou; Steve Petruzza
Venue: IJCAI 2025 (main)

Abstract: Flood extent mapping is crucial for disaster response and damage assessment. While Earth imagery and terrain data (in the form of DEM) are now readily available, there are few flood annotation data for training machine learning models, which hinders the automated mapping of flooded areas. We propose ALFA, an interactive active-learning-based approach to minimize the annotators' efforts when preparing the ground-truth flood map in a satellite image. ALFA calibrates the prediction consistency of a segmentation model (1) across training cycles and (2) for various data augmentations. The two consistencies are integrated into the design of both the acquisition function and the loss function to enhance the robustness of active learning with limited annotation inputs. ALFA recommends those superpixels that the underlying model is most uncertain about, and users can annotate their pixels with minimal clicks with the help of elevation guidance. Extensive experiments on various regions hit by flooding show that we can improve the annotation time from hours to around 20 minutes. ALFA is open sourced at https://github.com/saugatadhikari/alfa.
Agent-based Modeling Meets the Capability Approach for Human Development: Simulating Homelessness Policy-making
Authors: Alba Aguilera; Nardine Osman; Georgina Curto
Venue: IJCAI 2025 (main)

Abstract: The global rise in homelessness calls for urgent and alternative policy solutions. Non-profits and governmental organizations alert about the many challenges faced by people experiencing homelessness (PEH), which include not only the lack of shelter but also the lack of opportunities for personal development. In this context, the capability approach (CA), which underpins the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), provides a comprehensive framework to assess inequity in terms of real opportunities. This paper explores how the CA can be combined with agent-based modelling and reinforcement learning. The goals are: (1) implementing the CA as a Markov Decision Process (MDP), (2) building on such MDP to develop a rich decision-making model that accounts for more complex motivators of behaviour, such as values and needs, and (3) developing an agent-based simulation framework that allows to assess alternative policies aiming to expand or restore people's capabilities. The framework is developed in a real case study of health inequity and homelessness, working in collaboration with stakeholders, non-profits and domain experts. The ultimate goal of the project is to develop a novel agent-based simulation framework, rooted in the CA, which can be replicated in a diversity of social challenges to assess policies in a non-invasive way.
Moral Compass: A Data-Driven Benchmark for Ethical Cognition in AI
Authors: Aisha Aijaz; Arnav Batra; Aryaan Bazaz; Srinath Srinivasa; Raghava Mutharaju; Manohar Kumar
Venue: IJCAI 2025 (main)

Abstract: We propose the Moral Compass benchmark, a point of reference for incorporating ethical cognition in AI. It has four key contributions. A Moral Decision Dataset (MDD) that captures cases with ethical ambiguity, along with parameters that aid moral decision-making. It is created using a methodology that leverages the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) and seed data from real-world sources which are processed, summarized, and augmented. We also introduce a Moral Decision Knowledge Graph (MDKG) that is created using feature mappings of the relational dataset MDD to facilitate efficient querying. To demonstrate the validity and robustness of this dataset, we introduce an Ethics Scoring Algorithm (ESA) that makes use of the parameters defined in the dataset to calculate ethical scores for isolated actions. Furthermore, ESA is extended by the novel concept of context-sensitive thresholding (CST) to discretize grey areas to resolve ethical dilemmas with explainable results. This work aims to facilitate ethical cognition in AI systems that are deployed in various important sections of society through a clear methodology, modular development, and broad applicability.
SHIELD: A Self-supervised, Silicosis-focused Hierarchical Imaging Framework for Occupational Lung Disease Diagnosis
Authors: Yasmeena Akhter; Rishabh Ranjan; Richa Singh; Mayank Vatsa
Venue: IJCAI 2025 (main)

Abstract: Silicosis is an irreversible lung disease caused by silica dust exposure in industrial settings. Early detection is crucial, but automatic diagnostic methods are hindered by limited data availability. We propose SHIELD - a self-supervised, Silicosis-focused Hierarchical Imaging framework for early occupational Lung disease Diagnosis. Our method leverages a multi-resolution jigsaw puzzle pretext task on CXR images to extract and preserve features for lung region analysis. By employing a pyramidal strategy to generate pretrained models at various resolutions, followed by fine-tuning and a two-level ensembling across diverse deep learning architectures, SHIELD achieves enhanced diagnostic accuracy. We validate our approach on a publicly collected CXR dataset of 3044 samples from public health centers in India. SHIELD achieves 72% accuracy, demonstrating up to 20% improvement over baseline approaches. This work advances medical image analysis and supports UN Sustainable Development Goal 3 by providing cost-effective early screening in resource-limited settings.
MutationGuard: A Graph and Temporal-Spatial Neural Method for Detecting Mutation Telecommunication Fraud
Authors: Haitao Bai; Pinghui Wang; Ruofei Zhang; Ziyang Zhou; Juxiang Zeng; Yulou Su; Li Xing; Zhou Su; Chen Zhang; Lizhen Cui; Jun Hao; Wei Wang
Venue: IJCAI 2025 (main)

Abstract: Telecommunication fraud refers to deceptive activities in the field of communication services. This research focuses on a category of fraud identified as ''mutation telecommunication fraud". There is currently a lack of research on mutation telecommunication fraud detection, allowing this type of fraud to persist uncaught. We identify that detecting mutation fraud requires capturing multi-source patterns, including user communication graphs and temporal-spatial Voice of Call (VOC) features. Specifically, we introduce MutationGuard, which leverages Graph Neural Networks (GNN) to capture changes in user communication graphs. For VOC records, we map call start times onto a 3D cylindrical surface, thereby representing each VOC record in spatial coordinates and utilizing proposed LFFE and TCFE modules to capture local fraud behaviors and temporal behavior changes. The proposed neural modeling approach that facilitates multi-source information fusion constitutes a significant advancement in detecting mutation fraud. Experiment results reveal a significant improvement in the AUC score by 1.52% and the F1 score by 1.36% on the proposed telecommunication fraud dataset. Particularly, our method shows a significant improvement of 13.93% in accuracy on mutation fraud data. We also validate the effectiveness of our method on the publicly available Sichuan Telecommunication Fraud dataset.
An Interactive Game-based Multi-Agent AI System for Children’s Social and Emotional Development
Authors: Shreya Banerjee; Soheil Saneei; Lisa Pham; Elliott Alexander Beaton; Henry Fordjour Ansah; Ben Samuel; Jenny Spicer; Huda Hammad; Amanda Stage
Venue: IJCAI 2025 (main)

Abstract: The earliest years of life, from birth to elementary school, are the most critical time for children's social and emotional development. Recently, schools and workplaces have become increasingly concerned with cultivating social and emotional skills, especially with the decline of face-to-face interaction and the pervasive influence of modern communications technology. This paper proposes a game in development that navigates this challenge and aims to facilitate skill development in children ages 3-10 by having them identify, understand, feel their emotions, and regulate their actions. Using an established framework for social and emotional learning, it employs multi-agent artificial intelligence-based interactive gaming that generates dynamic scenarios and adjusts learning experiences based on individual child's or group's needs over time. We discuss the various modes of this game and its target frameworks, along with ways to evaluate effectiveness in facilitating social and emotional skill development.
Recommender Systems for Democracy: Toward Adversarial Robustness in Voting Advice Applications
Authors: Frédéric Berdoz; Dustin Brunner; Yann Vonlanthen; Roger Wattenhofer
Venue: IJCAI 2025 (main)

Abstract: Voting advice applications (VAAs) help millions of voters understand which political parties or candidates best align with their views. This paper explores the potential risks these applications pose to the democratic process when targeted by adversarial entities. In particular, we expose 11 manipulation strategies and measure their impact using data from Switzerland’s primary VAA, Smartvote, collected during the last two national elections. We find that altering application parameters, such as the matching method, can shift a party’s recommendation frequency by up to 105%. Cherry-picking questionnaire items can increase party recommendation frequency by over 261%, while subtle changes to parties’ or candidates’ responses can lead to a 248% increase. To address these vulnerabilities, we propose adversarial robustness properties VAAs should satisfy, introduce empirical metrics for assessing the resilience of various matching methods, and suggest possible avenues for research toward mitigating the effect of manipulation. Our framework is key to ensuring secure and reliable AI-based VAAs poised to emerge in the near future.
Exploring Equity of Climate Policies Using Multi-Agent Multi-Objective Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Palok Biswas; Zuzanna Osika; Isidoro Tamassia; Adit Whorra; Jazmin Zatarain-Salazar; Jan Kwakkel; Frans A. Oliehoek; Pradeep K. Murukannaiah
Venue: IJCAI 2025 (main)

Abstract: Addressing climate change requires coordinated policy efforts of nations worldwide. These efforts are informed by scientific reports, which rely in part on Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs), prominent tools used to assess the economic impacts of climate policies. However, traditional IAMs optimize policies based on a single objective, limiting their ability to capture the trade-offs among economic growth, temperature goals, and climate justice. As a result, policy recommendations have been criticized for perpetuating inequalities, fueling disagreements during policy negotiations. We introduce JUSTICE, the first framework integrating IAM with Multi-Objective Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MOMARL). By incorporating multiple objectives, JUSTICE generates policy recommendations that shed light on equity while balancing climate and economic goals. Further, using multiple agents can provide a realistic representation of the interactions among the diverse policy actors. We identify equitable Pareto-optimal policies using our framework, which facilitates deliberative decision-making by presenting policymakers with the inherent trade-offs in climate and economic policy.
LogiDebrief: A Signal-Temporal Logic Based Automated Debriefing Approach with Large Language Models Integration
Authors: Zirong Chen; Ziyan An; Jennifer Reynolds; Kristin Mullen; Stephen Maritini; Meiyi Ma
Venue: IJCAI 2025 (main)

Abstract: Emergency response services are critical to public safety, with 9-1-1 call-takers playing a key role in ensuring timely and effective emergency operations. To ensure call-taking performance consistency, quality assurance is implemented to evaluate and refine call-takers' skillsets. However, traditional human-led evaluations struggle with high call volumes, leading to low coverage and delayed assessments. We introduce LogiDebrief, an AI-driven framework that automates traditional 9-1-1 call debriefing by integrating Signal-Temporal Logic (STL) with Large Language Models (LLMs) for fully-covered rigorous performance evaluation. LogiDebrief formalizes call-taking requirements as logical specifications, enabling systematic assessment of 9-1-1 calls against procedural guidelines. It employs a three-step verification process: (1) contextual understanding to identify responder types, incident classifications, and critical conditions; (2) STL-based runtime checking with LLM integration to ensure compliance; and (3) automated aggregation of results into quality assurance reports. Beyond its technical contributions, LogiDebrief has demonstrated real-world impact. Successfully deployed at Metro Nashville Department of Emergency Communications, it has assisted in debriefing 1,701 real-world calls, saving 311.85 hours of active engagement. Empirical evaluation with real-world data confirms its accuracy, while a case study and extensive user study highlight its effectiveness in enhancing call-taking performance.