GenAI4ELab/papercli-papers huggingface dataset:
Towards Stealthy and Effective Backdoor Attacks on Lane Detection: A Naturalistic Data Poisoning Approach
Authors: Yifan Liao; Yuxin Cao; Yedi Zhang; Wentao He; Yan Xiao; Xianglong Du; Zhiyong Huang; Jin Song Dong
Venue: CVPR 2026 (main)

Abstract: Deep learning-based lane detection (LD) plays a critical role in autonomous driving and advanced driver assistance systems. However, its vulnerability to backdoor attacks presents a significant security concern. Existing backdoor attack methods on LD often exhibit limited practical utility due to the artificial and conspicuous nature of their triggers. To address this limitation and investigate the impact of more ecologically valid backdoor attacks on lane detection models, we examine the common data poisoning attack and introduce DBALD, a novel diffusion-based data poisoning framework for generating naturalistic backdoor triggers. DBALD comprises two key components: optimal trigger position finding and stealthy trigger generation. Given the insight that attack performance varies depending on the trigger position, we propose a heatmap-based method to identify the optimal trigger location, with gradient analysis to generate attack-specific heatmaps. A region-based editing diffusion process is then applied to synthesize visually plausible triggers within the most susceptible regions identified previously. Furthermore, to ensure scene integrity and a stealthy attack, we introduce two loss strategies: one for preserving lane structure and another for maintaining the consistency of the driving scene. Consequently, compared to existing attack methods, DBALD achieves both a high attack success rate and superior stealthiness. Extensive experiments on 4 mainstream lane detection models show that DBALD exceeds state-of-the-art methods, with an average success rate improvement of +10.87% and significantly enhanced stealthiness. The experimental results highlight significant practical challenges in ensuring model robustness against real-world backdoor threats in lane detection. Our data and demos are available at https://sites.google.com/view/dbald.
One-to-More: High-Fidelity Training-Free Anomaly Generation with Attention Control
Authors: Haoxiang Rao; Zhao Wang; Chenyang Si; Yan Lyu; Yuanyi Duan; Fang Zhao; Caifeng Shan
Venue: CVPR 2026 (main)

Abstract: Industrial anomaly detection (AD) is characterized by an abundance of normal images but a scarcity of anomalous ones. Although numerous few-shot anomaly synthesis methods have been proposed to augment anomalous data for downstream AD tasks, most existing approaches require time-consuming training and struggle to learn distributions that are faithful to real anomalies, thereby restricting the efficacy of AD models trained on such data. To address these limitations, we propose a training-free few-shot anomaly generation method, namely O2MAG, which leverages the self-attention in One reference anomalous image to synthesize More realistic anomalies, supporting effective downstream anomaly detection. Specifically, O2MAG manipulates three parallel diffusion processes via self-attention grafting and incorporates the anomaly mask to mitigate foreground-background query confusion, synthesizing text-guided anomalies that closely adhere to real anomalous distributions. To bridge the semantic gap between the encoded anomaly text prompts and the true anomaly semantics, Anomaly-Guided Optimization is further introduced to align the synthesis process with the target anomalous distribution, steering the generation toward realistic and text-consistent anomalies. Moreover, to mitigate faint anomaly synthesis inside anomaly masks, Dual-Attention Enhancement is adopted during generation to reinforce both self- and cross-attention on masked regions. Extensive experiments validate the effectiveness of \method, demonstrating its superior performance over prior state-of-the-art methods on downstream AD tasks.
MARIS: Marine Open-Vocabulary Instance Segmentation
Authors: Bingyu Li; Feiyu Wang; Da Zhang; Zhiyuan Zhao; Junyu Gao; Xuelong Li
Venue: CVPR 2026 (main)

Abstract: Most existing underwater instance segmentation approaches are constrained by close-vocabulary prediction, limiting their ability to recognize novel marine categories. To support evaluation, we introduce **MARIS** (_Marine Open-Vocabulary Instance Segmentation_), the first large-scale fine-grained benchmark for underwater Open-Vocabulary (OV) Instance segmentation (UOVIS), featuring a limited set of seen categories and diverse unseen categories. Although OV instance segmentation has shown promise on natural images, our analysis reveals that transfer to underwater scenes suffers from severe visual degradation (e.g., color attenuation) and semantic misalignment caused by lack underwater class definitions. To address these issues, we propose a unified framework with two complementary components. The Geometric Prior Enhancement Module (**GPEM**) leverages stable part-level and structural cues to maintain object consistency under degraded visual conditions. The Semantic Alignment Injection Mechanism (**SAIM**) enriches language embeddings with domain-specific priors, mitigating semantic ambiguity and improving recognition of unseen categories. Experiments show that our framework consistently outperforms existing OV baselines both In-Domain and Cross-Domain setting on MARIS, establishing a strong foundation for future underwater perception research. The code of this paper can be found in Github.
Small Object, Great Challenge: A Benchmark for Small Object Visual Grounding
Authors: Wenqi Jia; Ruifan Li; Pengyue Lin; Fangxiang Feng; Zhanyu Ma; Xiaojie Wang
Venue: CVPR 2026 (main)

Abstract: The task of visual grounding (i.e., VG) aims to locate or segment objects in images based on referring expressions. Existing research on VG primarily focuses on large objects. However, these images often contain objects at various scales. Although large objects are usually the visual focus, small objects sometimes carry crucial information. To bridge the gap, we propose a novel benchmark for small object visual grounding, i.e., SoVG. Specifically, we introduce an automatic pipeline using MLLMs to build a benchmark dataset. Our pipeline is built on the popular dataset COCO. Thus, we obtain our RefCOCOs dataset. The visual objects in our RefCOCOs have an average area of 1/50 area of an entire image, whereas that of classic VG datasets is 1/5. Furthermore, we propose SoVG-Net with a hierarchical textual infusion module for the novel SoVG task. Finally, we conduct extensive experiments using classic datasets with our RefCOCOs. The results showcase that our built dataset is useful for advancing VG research, and our proposed SoVG-Net is a strong baseline. Our dataset and code will be made publicly available after review.
Align While Search: Belief-Guided Exploratory Inference for World-Grounded Embodied Agents
Authors: Seohui Bae; Jeonghye Kim; Youngchul Sung; Woohyung Lim
Venue: CVPR 2026 (main)

Abstract: In this paper, we propose a test-time adaptive agent that performs exploratory inference through posterior-guided belief refinement without relying on gradient-based updates or additional training for LLM agent operating under partial observability. Our agent maintains an external structured belief over the environment state, iteratively updates it via action-conditioned observations, and selects actions by maximizing predicted information gain over the belief space. We estimate information gain using a lightweight LLM-based surrogate and assess world alignment through a novel reward that quantifies the consistency between posterior belief and ground-truth environment configuration. Experiments show that our method outperforms inference-time scaling baselines such as prompt-augmented or retrieval-enhanced LLMs, in aligning with latent world states with significantly lower integration overhead.
Unlearning without Forgetting: Securely Removing Targeted Concepts from Large-Scale Vision-Language Open-Vocabulary Detectors
Authors: Zhongze Wu; Xiu Su; Feng Yang; Dan Niu; Shan You; Yueyi Luo; Jun Long
Venue: CVPR 2026 (main)

Abstract: Open-vocabulary detectors (OvOD) inherit tightly coupled cross-modal knowledge from web-scale pretraining, creating privacy, copyright, and compliance risks. Existing machine unlearning methods face geometric entanglement interference in OvOD: forgetting updates inevitably distort preserved knowledge due to shared semantic factors in decomposable embeddings. We introduce SafeDetect, a geometrically constrained unlearning framework that constructs a null-space from preserved knowledge embeddings offline, then constrains parameter updates to this orthogonal complement, mathematically preventing interference with retained concepts. Forgetting is achieved through a one-step mean-flow objective that drives forgotten concepts toward non-detectable, while multimodal decoupling prevents cross-modal recovery. We establish UOD-Bench, the first unified benchmark for OvOD unlearning, featuring 14.7K images with 67.3K region-phrase pairs across three tasks. Extensive experiments across UOD-Bench and standard benchmarks with diverse architectures (e.g., GroundingDINO, LLM-Det) demonstrate that SafeDetect achieves superior forgetting efficacy (64.75% improvement over NPO) while maintaining stable retention performance and significantly better zero-shot generalization, with 1.5x faster convergence than iterative methods.
rPPG-VQA: A Video Quality Assessment Framework for Unsupervised rPPG Training
Authors: Tianyang Dai; Ming Chang; Yan Chen; Yang Hu
Venue: CVPR 2026 (main)

Abstract: Unsupervised remote photoplethysmography (rPPG) promises to leverage unlabeled video data, but its potential is hindered by a critical challenge: training on low-quality "in-the-wild" videos severely degrades model performance. An essential step missing here is to assess the suitability of the videos for rPPG model learning before using them for the task. Existing video quality assessment (VQA) methods are mainly designed for human perception and not directly applicable to the above purpose. In this work, we propose rPPG-VQA, a novel framework for assessing video suitability for rPPG. We integrate signal-level and scene-level analyses and design a dual-branch assessment architecture. The signal-level branch evaluates the physiological signal quality of the videos via robust signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) estimation with a multi-method consensus mechanism, and the scene-level branch uses a multimodal large language model (MLLM) to identify interferences like motion and unstable lighting. Furthermore, we propose a two-stage adaptive sampling (TAS) strategy that utilizes the quality score to curate optimal training datasets. Experiments show that by training on large-scale, "in-the-wild" videos filtered by our framework, we can develop unsupervised rPPG models that achieve a substantial improvement in accuracy on standard benchmarks. Our code is available at https://github.com/Tianyang-Dai/rPPG-VQA.
PE3R: Perception-Efficient 3D Reconstruction
Authors: Jie Hu; Shizun Wang; Xinchao Wang
Venue: CVPR 2026 (main)

Abstract: Recent advances in 2D-to-3D perception have enabled the recovery of 3D scene semantics from unposed images. However, prevailing methods often suffer from limited generalization, reliance on per-scene optimization, and semantic inconsistencies across viewpoints. To address these limitations, we introduce PE3R, a tuning-free framework for efficient and generalizable 3D semantic reconstruction. By integrating multi-view geometry with 2D semantic priors in a feed-forward pipeline, PE3R achieves zero-shot generalization across diverse scenes and object categories without any scene-specific fine-tuning. Extensive evaluations on open-vocabulary segmentation and multi-view depth estimation show that PE3R not only achieves up to 9xfaster inference but also sets new state-of-the-art accuracy in both semantic and geometric metrics. Our approach paves the way for scalable, language-driven 3D scene understanding. Code is available at github.com/hujiecpp/PE3R.
VKG-QA: Visual Knowledge Graph-based Question Answer for Large Multimodal Models
Authors: Yuntao Du; Yiming Wang; Renshuo Yuan; Jincheng Yue; Yijing Chen; Yue Fan; Bo Zhang; Qian Li; Lizhen Cui
Venue: CVPR 2026 (main)

Abstract: Understanding and reasoning over structured knowledge is a fundamental capability for intelligent systems. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have leveraged textual knowledge graphs for relational reasoning, linearizing graph structures into text often leads to token inefficiency and loss of higher-order relational cues. Inspired by the advances of Large Multimodal Model to capture higher-order relational structures explicitly novel paradigm of visualized knowledge representation, where knowledge graphs are transformed into graphical visualizations that LMMs can directly perceive and reason over. To systematically evaluate this capability, we introduce VKG-QA, a benchmark for Visual Knowledge Graph-based Question Answering, covering three major categories and fourteen subtasks. VKG-QA is constructed via a semi-automatic pipeline ensuring high-quality, semantically aligned, and visually clear data. We evaluate 19 representative LMMs on VKG-QA and perform extensive quantitative and qualitative analyses. Results reveal that current models struggle with visualized relational understanding, graph-specific comprehension remains challenging, and closed-source models significantly outperform open-source counterparts. VKG-QA thus highlights critical limitations in current LMMs and provides a scalable platform for advancing graph-aware visual reasoning.
AdaCluster: Adaptive Query-Key Clustering for Sparse Attention in Video Generation
Authors: Haoyue Tan; Shengnan Wang; Yulin Qiao; Juncheng Zhang; Youhui Bai; Ping Gong; Zewen Jin; Cheng Li
Venue: CVPR 2026 (main)

Abstract: Video diffusion transformers (DiTs) suffer from prohibitive inference latency due to quadratic attention complexity. Existing sparse attention methods either overlook semantic similarity, or fail to adapt to heterogeneous token distributions across layers, leading to model performance degradation. We propose AdaCluster, a training-free adaptive clustering framework that accelerates the generation of DiTs while preserving accuracy. AdaCluster applies an angle-similarity preserving clustering method to query vectors for higher compression, and designs a euclidean-similarity preserving clustering method for keys, covering cluster number assignment, threshold-wise adaptive clustering, and efficient critical cluster selection. Experiments on CogVideoX-2B, HunyuanVideo, and Wan-2.1 via one A40 GPU demonstrate up to 1.67x-4.31x speedup with negligible quality degradation.
InstantViR: Real-Time Video Inverse Problem Solver with Distilled Diffusion Prior
Authors: Weimin Bai; Suzhe Xu; Yiwei Ren; Jinhua Hao; Ming Sun; Wenzheng Chen; He Sun
Venue: CVPR 2026 (main)

Abstract: Video inverse problems such as inpainting, deblurring and super-resolution are fundamental to streaming, telepresence, and AR/VR, where high perceptual quality must coexist with tight latency constraints. Diffusion-based priors currently deliver state-of-the-art reconstructions, but existing approaches either adapt image diffusion models with ad hoc temporal regularizers--leading to temporal artifacts--or rely on native video diffusion models whose iterative posterior sampling is far too slow for real-time use. We introduce InstantViR, an amortized inference framework for ultra-fast video reconstruction powered by a pre-trained video diffusion prior. We distill a powerful bidirectional video diffusion model (teacher) into a causal autoregressive student that maps a degraded video directly to its restored version in a single forward pass, inheriting the teacher's strong temporal modeling while completely removing iterative test-time optimization. The distillation is prior-driven: it only requires the teacher diffusion model and known degradation operators, and does not rely on externally paired clean/noisy video data. To further boost throughput, we replace the standard VAE in video diffusion backbone with a highly efficient LeanVAE, enabling low-latency latent-space processing. Across streaming random inpainting, Gaussian deblurring and super-resolution, InstantViR matches or surpasses the reconstruction quality of diffusion-based baselines while running at over 35 FPS on NVIDIA A100 GPUs, achieving up to 100x speedups over iterative video diffusion priors. These results show that diffusion-based video reconstruction is compatible with real-time, interactive, editable, streaming scenarios, turning high-quality video restoration into a practical component of modern vision systems.
HyperGait: Unleashing the Power of Parsing for Gait Recognition in the Wild via Hypergraph
Authors: Jinkai Zheng; Jiaqing Wei; Xinxiang Jin; Yaoqi Sun; Xichun Sheng; Ming Li; Liangqiong Qu; Xinchen Liu; Wu Liu
Venue: CVPR 2026 (main)

Abstract: In recent years, the gait parsing sequence has become increasingly popular due to its higher information entropy than the binary silhouette and the keypoint-based skeleton. However, existing parsing-based gait recognition methods have not fully explored the complex, non-linear relationships between features at different positions, semantic, and temporal dynamics levels, i.e., higher-order correlations. To unleash the power of parsing between human body parts and temporal dynamics, this paper proposes a novel hypergraph-based gait recognition framework, named HyperGait. The HyperGait contains a global head and two elaborately-designed modules. In particular, the Spatial Hypergraph Convolutional Module (SHCM) and the Temporal Hypergraph Convolutional Module (THCM) are designed to explore the high-order spatial-level and temporal-level features, respectively.The SHCM extracts fine-grained relationships between human body parts through the hypergraph.The THCM performs the high-order temporal information between temporally related human body parts.Comprehensive experiments on two large-scale gait datasets, i.e., Gait3D and SUSTech1K, show the superior performance of our proposed HyperGait.In highly challenging real-world scenarios, with only parsing as input, our HyperGait achieves the Rank-1 accuracy of 80.5% on the Gait3D dataset.
TWINGS: Thin Plate Splines Warp-aligned Initialization for Sparse-View Gaussian Splatting
Authors: Hyeseong Kim; Geonhui Son; Deukhee Lee; Dosik Hwang
Venue: CVPR 2026 (main)

Abstract: Novel view synthesis from sparse-view inputs poses a significant challenge in 3D computer vision, particularly for achieving high-quality scene reconstructions with limited viewpoints. We introduce TWINGS, a framework that enhances 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) by directly addressing point sparsity. We employ Thin Plate Splines (TPS), a smooth non-rigid deformation model that minimizes bending energy to estimate a globally coherent warp from control-point correspondences, to align backprojected points from estimated depth with triangulated 3D control points, yielding calibrated backprojected points. By sampling these calibrated points near the control points, TWINGS provides a fast and geometrically accurate initialization for 3DGS, ultimately improving structural detail preservation and color fidelity in reconstructed scenes. Extensive experiments on DTU, LLFF, and Mip-NeRF360 demonstrate that TWINGS consistently outperforms existing methods, delivering detailed and accurate reconstructions under sparse-view scenarios.
CUE: Concept-Aware Multi-Label Expansion to Mitigate Concept Confusion in Long-Tailed Learning
Authors: Ruichi Zhang; Chikai Shang; Jiacheng Yang; Mengke Li; Yang Zhou; Junlong Gao; Yang Lu
Venue: CVPR 2026 (main)

Abstract: Long-tailed distributions are common in real-world recognition tasks, where a few head classes have many samples while most tail classes have very few. Recently, fine-tuning foundation models for long-tailed learning has gained attention due to their excellent performance. However, most existing methods focus solely on mitigating long-tailed distribution bias while overlooking concept confusion caused by the long-tailed distribution. In this paper, we study this problem and attribute it to the mutual exclusivity of single-label supervision under long-tailed distributions, which suppresses feature sharing among related classes and amplifies the dominance of head classes, leading to disrupted inter-class discriminality. To address this, we propose CUE, Concept-aware Multi-label Expansion, which introduces multi-label concept signals to preserve disrupted inter-class relationships. Specifically, CUE constructs concept sets by (i) extracting instance-level visual cues from zero-shot CLIP and (ii) generating class-level semantic cues with LLM; the two cues are incorporated via separately weighted Binary Logit-Adjustmen (BLA) auxiliary losses and jointly optimized with the baseline Logit-Adjustmen (LA) loss. Experiments on several long-tailed benchmarks, CUE achieves balanced and strong performance, surpassing recent state-of-the-art methods. Code is available at: https://github.com/zhangruichi/CUE.
LOREAL: Mitigating Low-Resolution Challenges in Vision-Language Models with Attribute-driven Prompt Self-Distillation
Authors: Xucong Wang; Pengkun Wang; Zhe Zhao; Liheng Yu; Rui Mao; Yang Wang
Venue: CVPR 2026 (main)

Abstract: Prompt Learning (PL) has emerged as a parameter-efficient technique for adapting Vision-Language Models (VLMs) to downstream tasks. However, almost all existing PL methods are primarily designed and evaluated on well-curated datasets, overlooking a critical post-deployment phenomenon, i.e., the intrinsic connection between input resolution and storage-memory consumption. Specifically, to satisfy the stringent storage-memory constraints on edge devices, models are often limited to low-resolution inputs (e.g., <224x224 for CLIP-ViT/B-16) and generate fewer tokens (with the position embedding resized), which poses a unique challenge in performance robustness. To tackle this issue, we propose LOREAL, an efficient prompt self-distillation framework that learns resolution-invariant representations by excavating attribute semantics. At the heart of LOREAL is a dual-student architecture, i.e., two student models fed with inputs at different resolutions synergistically learn from each other. Building upon this, we contextualize the students' prompt with resolution-invariant attributes queried from the LLM, then leverage cross-modality meta-nets to generate attribute semantics. These meta-nets are bridged between the different encoders of two students, wherein we introduce Low-Level Distillation (LLD) and High-Level Distillation (HLD) to facilitate the learning of more cross-resolution representations. Extensive experiments show that LOREAL significantly improves VLMs' performance and robustness under varied resolution settings, underscoring significant practical utilities.