GenAI4ELab/papercli-papers huggingface dataset:
Feat2GS: Probing Visual Foundation Models with Gaussian Splatting
Authors: Yue Chen; Xingyu Chen; Anpei Chen; Gerard Pons-Moll; Yuliang Xiu
Venue: CVPR 2025 (main)

Abstract: Given that visual foundation models (VFMs) are trained on extensive datasets but often limited to 2D images, a natural question arises: how well do they understand the 3D world? With the differences in architecture and training protocols (i.e., objectives, proxy tasks), a unified framework to fairly and comprehensively probe their 3D awareness is urgently needed. Existing works on 3D probing suggest single-view 2.5D estimation (e.g., depth and normal) or two-view sparse 2D correspondence (e.g., matching and tracking). Unfortunately, these tasks ignore texture awareness, and require 3D data as ground-truth, which limits the scale and diversity of their evaluation set. To address these issues, we introduce Feat2GS, which readout 3D Gaussians attributes from VFM features extracted from unposed images. This allows us to probe 3D awareness for geometry and texture via novel view synthesis, without requiring 3D data. Additionally, the disentanglement of 3DGS parameters - geometry (x, a, S) and texture (c) - enables separate analysis of texture and geometry awareness. Under Feat2GS, we conduct extensive experiments to probe the 3D awareness of several VFMs, and investigate the ingredients that lead to a 3D aware VFM. Building on these findings, we develop several variants that achieve state-of-the-art across diverse datasets. This makes Feat2GS useful for probing VFMs, and as a simple-yet-effective baseline for novel-view synthesis. Code and data will be made available at fanegg.github.io/Feat2GS.
Multi-Modal Aerial-Ground Cross-View Place Recognition with Neural ODEs
Authors: Sijie Wang; Rui She; Qiyu Kang; Siqi Li; Disheng Li; Tianyu Geng; Shangshu Yu; Wee Peng Tay
Venue: CVPR 2025 (main)

Abstract: Place recognition (PR) aims at retrieving the query place from a database and plays a crucial role in various applications, including navigation, autonomous driving, and augmented reality. While previous multi-modal PR works have mainly focused on the same-view scenario in which ground-view descriptors are matched with a database of ground-view descriptors during inference, the multi-modal cross-view scenario, in which ground-view descriptors are matched with aerial-view descriptors in a database, remains under-explored. We propose AGPlace, a model that effectively integrates information from multi-modal ground sensors (cameras and LiDARs) to achieve accurate aerial-ground PR. AGPlace achieves effective aerial-ground cross-view PR by leveraging a manifold-based neural ordinary differential equation (ODE) framework with a multi-domain alignment loss. It outperforms existing state-of-the-art cross-view PR models on large-scale datasets. As most existing PR models are designed for ground-ground PR, we adapt these baselines into our cross-view pipeline. Experiments demonstrate that this direct adaptation performs worse than our overall model architecture AGPlace. AGPlace represents a significant advancement in multi-modal aerial-ground PR, with promising implications for real-world applications.
Rethinking Decoder Design: Improving Biomarker Segmentation Using Depth-to-Space Restoration and Residual Linear Attention
Authors: Saad Wazir; Daeyoung Kim
Venue: CVPR 2025 (main)

Abstract: Segmenting biomarkers in medical images is crucial for various biotech applications. Despite advances, Transformer and CNN based methods often struggle with variations in staining and morphology, limiting feature extraction. In medical image segmentation, where datasets often have limited sample availability, recent state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods achieve higher accuracy by leveraging pre-trained encoders, whereas end-to-end methods tend to underperform. This is due to challenges in effectively transferring rich multiscale features from encoders to decoders, as well as limitations in decoder efficiency. To address these issues, we propose an architecture that captures multi-scale local and global contextual information and a novel decoder design, which effectively integrates features from the encoder, emphasizes important channels and regions, and reconstructs spatial dimensions to enhance segmentation accuracy. Our method, compatible with various encoders, outperforms SOTA methods, as demonstrated by experiments on four datasets and ablation studies. Specifically, our method achieves absolute performance gains of 2.76% on MoNuSeg, 3.12% on DSB, 2.87% on Electron Microscopy, and 4.03% on TNBC datasets compared to existing SOTA methods. Code: https://github.com/saadwazir/MCADS-Decoder
MaDCoW: Marginal Distortion Correction for Wide-Angle Photography with Arbitrary Objects
Authors: Kevin Zhang; Jia-Bin Huang; Jose Echevarria; Stephen DiVerdi; Aaron Hertzmann
Venue: CVPR 2025 (main)

Abstract: We introduce MaDCoW, a method for correcting marginal distortion of arbitrary objects in wide-angle photography. People often use wide-angle photography to convey natural scenes--smartphones typically default to wide-angle photography--but depicting very wide-field-of-view scenes produces distorted object appearance, particularly marginal distortion in linear projections. With MaDCoW, a user annotates regions-of-interest to correct, along with straight lines. For each region, MaDCoW solves for a local-linear perspective projection and then jointly solves for a projection for the whole photograph that minimizes distortion. We show that our method can produce good results in cases where previous methods yield visible distortions.
SynTab-LLaVA: Enhancing Multimodal Table Understanding with Decoupled Synthesis
Authors: Bangbang Zhou; Zuan Gao; Zixiao Wang; Boqiang Zhang; Yuxin Wang; Zhineng Chen; Hongtao Xie
Venue: CVPR 2025 (main)

Abstract: Due to the limited scale of multimodal table understanding (MTU) data, model performance is constrained. A straightforward approach is to use multimodal large language models to obtain more samples, but this may cause hallucinations, generate incorrect sample pairs, and cost significantly.To address the above issues, we design a simple yet effective synthesis framework that consists of two independent steps: table image rendering and table question and answer (Q&A) pairs generation.We use table codes (HTML, LaTeX, Markdown) to synthesize images and generate Q&A pairs with large language model (LLM).This approach leverages LLM's high concurrency and low cost to boost annotation efficiency and reduce expenses. By inputting code instead of images, LLMs can directly access the content and structure of the table, reducing hallucinations in table understanding and improving the accuracy of generated Q&A pairs. Finally, we synthesize a large-scale MTU dataset, SynTab, containing 636K images and 1.8M samples costing within \200 in US dollars. We further introduce a generalist tabular multimodal model, SynTab-LLaVA. This model not only effectively extracts local textual content within the table but also enables global modeling of relationships between cells.SynTab-LLaVA achieves SOTA performance on 21 out of 24 in-domain and out-of-domain benchmarks, demonstrating the effectiveness and generalization of our method. The Code is available at \href https://github.com/bang123-box/SynTab-LLaVA  SynTab-LLaVA .
Edit Away and My Face Will not Stay: Personal Biometric Defense against Malicious Generative Editing
Authors: Hanhui Wang; Yihua Zhang; Ruizheng Bai; Yue Zhao; Sijia Liu; Zhengzhong Tu
Venue: CVPR 2025 (main)

Abstract: Recent advancements in diffusion models have made generative image editing more accessible than ever. While these developments allow users to generate creative edits with ease, they also raise significant ethical concerns, particularly regarding malicious edits to human portraits that threaten individuals' privacy and identity security. Existing general-purpose image protection methods primarily focus on generating adversarial perturbations to nullify edit effects. However, these approaches often exhibit instability to protect against diverse editing requests. In this work, we introduce a novel perspective to personal human portrait protection against malicious editing. Unlike traditional methods aiming to prevent edits from taking effect, our method, FaceLock, optimizes adversarial perturbations to ensure that original biometric information---such as facial features---is either destroyed or substantially altered post-editing, rendering the subject in the edited output biometrically unrecognizable. Our approach innovatively integrates facial recognition and visual perception factors into the perturbation optimization process, ensuring robust protection against a variety of editing attempts. Besides, we shed light on several critical issues with commonly used evaluation metrics in image editing and reveal cheating methods by which they can be easily manipulated, leading to deceptive assessments of protection. Through extensive experiments, we demonstrate that FaceLock significantly outperforms all baselines in defense performance against a wide range of malicious edits. Moreover, our method also exhibits strong robustness against purification techniques. Comprehensive ablation studies confirm the stability and broad applicability of our method across diverse diffusion-based editing algorithms. Our work not only advances the state-of-the-art in biometric defense but also sets the foundation for more secure and privacy-preserving practices in image editing.
Any6D: Model-free 6D Pose Estimation of Novel Objects
Authors: Taeyeop Lee; Bowen Wen; Minjun Kang; Gyuree Kang; In So Kweon; Kuk-Jin Yoon
Venue: CVPR 2025 (main)

Abstract: We introduce Any6D, a model-free framework for 6D object pose estimation that requires only a single RGB-D anchor image to estimate both the 6D pose and size of unknown objects in novel scenes. Unlike existing methods that rely on textured 3D models or multiple viewpoints, Any6D leverages a joint object alignment process to enhance 2D-3D alignment and metric scale estimation for improved pose accuracy. Our approach integrates a render-and-compare strategy to generate and refine pose hypotheses, enabling robust performance in scenarios with occlusions, non-overlapping views, diverse lighting conditions, and large cross-environment variations. We evaluate our method on five challenging datasets: REAL275, Toyota-Light, HO3D, YCBINEOAT, and LM-O, demonstrating its effectiveness in significantly outperforming state-of-the-art methods for novel object pose estimation. Project page: https://taeyeop.com/any6d
Improving Accuracy and Calibration via Differentiated Deep Mutual Learning
Authors: Han Liu; Peng Cui; Bingning Wang; Weipeng Chen; Yupeng Zhang; Jun Zhu; Xiaolin Hu
Venue: CVPR 2025 (main)

Abstract: Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have achieved remarkable success in a variety of tasks, particularly in terms of prediction accuracy. However, in real-world scenarios, especially in safety-critical applications, accuracy alone is insufficient; reliable uncertainty estimates are essential. Modern DNNs, often trained with cross-entropy loss, tend to exhibit overconfidence, especially on ambiguous samples. Many techniques aim to improve uncertainty calibration, yet they often come at the cost of reduced accuracy or increased computational demands. To address this challenge, we propose Differentiated Deep Mutual Learning (Diff-DML), an efficient ensemble approach that simultaneously enhances accuracy and uncertainty calibration. Diff-DML draws inspiration from Deep Mutual Learning (DML) while introducing two strategies to maintain prediction diversity: (1) Differentiated Training Strategy (DTS) and (2) Diversity-Preserving Learning Objective (DPLO). Our theoretical analysis shows that Diff-DML's diversified learning framework not only leverages ensemble benefits but also avoids the loss of prediction diversity observed in traditional DML setups, which is crucial for improved calibration. Extensive evaluations on various benchmarks confirm the effectiveness of Diff-DML. For instance, on the CIFAR-100 dataset, Diff-DML on ResNet34 model achieved substantial improvements over the previous state-of-the-art method, MDCA, with absolute accuracy gains of 1.3%/3.1%, relative ECE reductions of 49.6%/43.8%, and relative classwise-ECE reductions of 7.7%/13.0%.
DrVideo: Document Retrieval Based Long Video Understanding
Authors: Ziyu Ma; Chenhui Gou; Hengcan Shi; Bin Sun; Shutao Li; Hamid Rezatofighi; Jianfei Cai
Venue: CVPR 2025 (main)

Abstract: Most of the existing methods for video understanding primarily focus on videos only lasting tens of seconds, with limited exploration of techniques for handling long videos. The increased number of frames in long videos poses two main challenges: difficulty in locating key information and performing long-range reasoning. Thus, we propose DrVideo, a document-retrieval-based system designed for long video understanding. Our key idea is to convert the long-video understanding problem into a long-document understanding task so as to effectively leverage the power of large language models. Specifically, DrVideo first transforms a long video into a coarse text-based long document to initially retrieve key frames and then updates the documents with the augmented key frame information. It then employs an agent-based iterative loop to continuously search for missing information and augment the document until sufficient question-related information is gathered for making the final predictions in a chain-of-thought manner. Extensive experiments on long video benchmarks confirm the effectiveness of our method. DrVideo significantly outperforms existing LLM-based state-of-the-art methods on EgoSchema benchmark (3 minutes), MovieChat-1K benchmark (10 minutes), and the long split of Video-MME benchmark (average of 44 minutes). Code is available at https://github.com/Upper9527/DrVideo.
Infighting in the Dark: Multi-Label Backdoor Attack in Federated Learning
Authors: Ye Li; Yanchao Zhao; Chengcheng Zhu; Jiale Zhang
Venue: CVPR 2025 (main)

Abstract: Federated Learning (FL), a privacy-preserving decentralized machine learning framework, has been shown to be vulnerable to backdoor attacks. Current research primarily focuses on the Single-Label Backdoor Attack (SBA), wherein adversaries share a consistent target. However, a critical fact is overlooked: adversaries may be non-cooperative, have distinct targets, and operate independently, which exhibits a more practical scenario called Multi-Label Backdoor Attack (MBA). Unfortunately, prior works are ineffective in the MBA scenario since non-cooperative attackers exclude each other. In this work, we conduct an in-depth investigation to uncover the inherent constraints of the exclusion: similar backdoor mappings are constructed for different targets, resulting in conflicts among backdoor functions. To address this limitation, we propose Mirage, the first non-cooperative MBA strategy in FL that allows attackers to inject effective and persistent backdoors into the global model without collusion by constructing in-distribution (ID) backdoor mapping. Specifically, we introduce an adversarial adaptation method to bridge the backdoor features and the target distribution in an ID manner. Additionally, we further leverage a constrained optimization method to ensure the ID mapping survives in the global training dynamics. Extensive evaluations demonstrate that Mirage outperforms various state-of-the-art attacks and bypasses existing defenses, achieving an average ASR greater than 97% and maintaining over 90% after 900 rounds. This work aims to alert researchers to this potential threat and inspire the design of effective defense mechanisms. Code has been made open-source.
Buffer Anytime: Zero-Shot Video Depth and Normal from Image Priors
Authors: Zhengfei Kuang; Tianyuan Zhang; Kai Zhang; Hao Tan; Sai Bi; Yiwei Hu; Zexiang Xu; Milos Hasan; Gordon Wetzstein; Fujun Luan
Venue: CVPR 2025 (main)

Abstract: We present Buffer Anytime, a framework for estimation of depth and normal maps (which we call geometric buffers) from video that eliminates the need for paired video--depth and video--normal training data. Instead of relying on large-scale annotated video datasets, we demonstrate high-quality video buffer estimation by leveraging single-image priors with temporal consistency constraints. Our zero-shot training strategy combines state-of-the-art image estimation models based on optical flow smoothness through a hybrid loss function, implemented via a lightweight temporal attention architecture. Applied to leading image models like Depth Anything V2 and Marigold-E2E-FT, our approach significantly improves temporal consistency while maintaining accuracy. Experiments show that our method not only outperforms image-based approaches but also achieves results comparable to state-of-the-art video models trained on large-scale paired video datasets, despite using no such paired video data.
PSHuman: Photorealistic Single-image 3D Human Reconstruction using Cross-Scale Multiview Diffusion and Explicit Remeshing
Authors: Peng Li; Wangguandong Zheng; Yuan Liu; Tao Yu; Yangguang Li; Xingqun Qi; Xiaowei Chi; Siyu Xia; Yan-Pei Cao; Wei Xue; Wenhan Luo; Yike Guo
Venue: CVPR 2025 (main)

Abstract: Photorealistic 3D human modeling is essential for various applications and has seen tremendous progress. However, existing methods for monocular full-body reconstruction, typically relying on front and/or predicted back view, still struggle with satisfactory performance due to the ill-posed nature of the problem and sophisticated self-occlusions. In this paper, we propose PSHuman, a novel framework that explicitly reconstructs human meshes utilizing priors from the multiview diffusion model. It is found that directly applying multiview diffusion on single-view human images  leads to severe geometric distortions, especially on generated faces. To address it, we propose a cross-scale diffusion that models the joint probability distribution of global full-body shape and local facial characteristics, enabling identity-preserved novel-view generation without geometric distortion. Moreover, to enhance cross-view body shape consistency of varied human poses, we condition the generative model on parametric models (SMPL-X), which provide body priors and prevent unnatural views inconsistent with human anatomy. Leveraging the generated multiview normal and color images, we present SMPLX-initialized explicit human carving to recover realistic textured human meshes efficiently. Extensive experiments on CAPE and THuman2.1 demonstrate PSHuman's superiority in geometry details, texture fidelity, and generalization capability.
LSNet: See Large, Focus Small
Authors: Ao Wang; Hui Chen; Zijia Lin; Jungong Han; Guiguang Ding
Venue: CVPR 2025 (main)

Abstract: Vision network designs, including Convolutional Neural Networks and Vision Transformers, have significantly advanced the field of computer vision. Yet, their complex computations pose challenges for practical deployments, particularly in real-time applications. To tackle this issue, researchers have explored various lightweight and efficient network designs. However, existing lightweight models predominantly leverage self-attention mechanisms and convolutions for token mixing. This dependence brings limitations in effectiveness and efficiency in the perception and aggregation processes of lightweight networks, hindering the balance between performance and efficiency under limited computational budgets. In this paper, we draw inspiration from the dynamic heteroscale vision ability inherent in the efficient human vision system and propose a "See Large, Focus Small" strategy for lightweight vision network design. We introduce LS (Large-Small) convolution, which combines large-kernel perception and small-kernel aggregation. It can efficiently capture a wide range of perceptual information and achieve precise feature aggregation for dynamic and complex visual representations, thus enabling proficient processing of visual information. Based on LS convolution, we present LSNet, a new family of lightweight models. Extensive experiments demonstrate that LSNet achieves superior performance and efficiency over existing lightweight networks in various vision tasks. Codes and models are available at https://github.com/jameslahm/lsnet.
DynamicScaler: Seamless and Scalable Video Generation for Panoramic Scenes
Authors: Jinxiu Liu; Shaoheng Lin; Yinxiao Li; Ming-Hsuan Yang
Venue: CVPR 2025 (main)

Abstract: The increasing demand for immersive AR/VR applications and spatial intelligence has heightened the need to generate high-quality scene-level and 360deg panoramic video. However, most video diffusion models are constrained by limited resolution and aspect ratio, which restricts their applicability to scene-level dynamic content synthesis. In this work, we propose DynamicScaler, addressing these challenges by enabling spatially scalable and panoramic dynamic scene synthesis that preserves coherence across panoramic scenes of arbitrary size. Specifically, we introduce a Offset Shifting Denoiser, facilitating efficient, synchronous, and coherent denoising panoramic dynamic scenes via a diffusion model with fixed resolution through a seamless rotating Window, which ensures seamless boundary transitions and consistency across the entire panoramic space, accommodating varying resolutions and aspect ratios. Additionally, we employ a Global Motion Guidance mechanism to ensure both local detail fidelity and global motion continuity. Extensive experiments demonstrate our method achieves superior content and motion quality in panoramic scene-level video generation, offering a training-free, efficient, and scalable solution for immersive dynamic scene creation with constant VRAM consumption regardless of the output video resolution. Project page is available at https://dynamic-scaler.pages.dev/new.
Tartan IMU: A Light Foundation Model for Inertial Positioning in Robotics
Authors: Shibo Zhao; Sifan Zhou; Raphael Blanchard; Yuheng Qiu; Wenshan Wang; Sebastian Scherer
Venue: CVPR 2025 (main)

Abstract: Despite recent advances in deep learning, most existing learning IMU odometry methods are trained on specific datasets, lack generalization, and are prone to overfitting, which limits their real-world application. To address these challenges, we present Tartan IMU, a foundation model designed for generalizable, IMU-based state estimation across diverse robotic platforms. Our approach consists of three-stage: First, a pre-trained foundation model leverages over 100 hours of multi-platform data to establish general motion knowledge, achieving 36% improvement in ATE over specialized models. Second, to adapt to previously unseen tasks, we employ the Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA), allowing positive transfer with only 1.1 M trainable parameters. Finally, to support robotics deployment, we introduce online test-time adaptation, which eliminates the boundary between training and testing, allowing the model to continuously "learn as it operates" at 200 FPS in real-time.
Event Ellipsometer: Event-based Mueller-Matrix Video Imaging
Authors: Ryota Maeda; Yunseong Moon; Seung-Hwan Baek
Venue: CVPR 2025 (main)

Abstract: Light-matter interactions modify both the intensity and polarization state of light. Changes in polarization, represented by a Mueller matrix, encode detailed scene information. Existing optical ellipsometers capture Mueller-matrix images; however, they are often limited to static scenes due to long acquisition times. Here, we introduce Event Ellipsometer, a method for acquiring Mueller-matrix images of dynamic scenes. Our imaging system employs fast-rotating quarter-wave plates (QWPs) in front of a light source and an event camera that asynchronously captures intensity changes induced by the rotating QWPs. We develop an ellipsometric-event image formation model, a calibration method, and an ellipsometric-event reconstruction method. We experimentally demonstrate that Event Ellipsometer enables Mueller-matrix imaging at 30fps, extending ellipsometry to dynamic scenes.