Reference number : GC-2017-Q1-02221, amendment number : , agreement type : G, recipient legal name : Rader, Stephen (University of Northern British Columbia), recipient country : CA, recipient province : nan, recipient city : British Columbia|Colombie-Britannique, recipient postal code : nan, program name english : Discovery Grants Program - Individual, program name french : Programme de subventions à la découverte - individuelles, program purpose english : From the creation of an mRNA transcript to the degradation of the protein it encodes, there are a multitude of regulatory steps in eukaryotic gene expression. One essential step in this process is pre-mRNA splicing, in which interrupting sequences are removed from nascent transcripts. Through alternative inclusion of mRNA regions, pre-mRNA splicing dramatically broadens the range of proteins encoded by a particular gene, and provides additional regulatory layers that allow a cell to respond to environmental conditions, developmental signals, and cell cycle progression. Our understanding of this process, however, comes from a very limited range of model organisms with a strong taxonomic bias towards metazoans and fungi. 
 Published results: Human and yeast splicing systems have proven intractably complex for detailed mechanistic studies. I hypothesized that an extremophile with a small genome might have a simpler set of splicing machinery. With my students, I have identified in the unicellular red alga C. merolae a dramatically simpler spliceosome consisting of only ~40 core proteins and four snRNAs. Strikingly, it is the first organism demonstrated to lack the U1 snRNP , the splicing particle that normally carries out the first step of substrate recognition. 
 Objectives: My long-term objectives are to determine the role of each splicing component in C. merolae , as well as to understand the regulation, biological consequences, and evolution of splicing. My short-term objectives are to exploit the power of our simplified splicing system by determining structures of its components and investigating their function. 
 Scientific approach: We will use a battery of new C. merolae -specific reagents to isolate and characterize splicing complexes and to study how splicing decisions alter the fitness of C. merolae under different conditions. 
Aim #1: purify and characterize endogenous complexes and test their function in binding substrates and catalyzing splicing. 
Aim #2: determine whether and how splicing is regulated in C. merolae . 
Aim #3: investigate the biological relevance of splicing by using CRISPR-Cas9 to delete introns and measure the effect on growth and stress responses. 
 Feasibility: Complementing years of splicing biochemistry in yeast, we have successfully isolated and characterized splicing complexes from C. merolae in published experiments. In addition, we have developed a number of reagents (antibodies, transformation methods, morpholino oligos) that will be required for the proposed work. 
 Novelty and significance: With C. merolae , my lab is developing the first new model system for studying splicing in years, and a unique system for its simplicity and evolutionary implications. These discoveries will have broadly felt impacts on technologies based on gene expression, a wide range of human and animal diseases, and fundamental questions of how splicing has evolved., program purpose french : From the creation of an mRNA transcript to the degradation of the protein it encodes, there are a multitude of regulatory steps in eukaryotic gene expression. One essential step in this process is pre-mRNA splicing, in which interrupting sequences are removed from nascent transcripts. Through alternative inclusion of mRNA regions, pre-mRNA splicing dramatically broadens the range of proteins encoded by a particular gene, and provides additional regulatory layers that allow a cell to respond to environmental conditions, developmental signals, and cell cycle progression. Our understanding of this process, however, comes from a very limited range of model organisms with a strong taxonomic bias towards metazoans and fungi. 
 Published results: Human and yeast splicing systems have proven intractably complex for detailed mechanistic studies. I hypothesized that an extremophile with a small genome might have a simpler set of splicing machinery. With my students, I have identified in the unicellular red alga C. merolae a dramatically simpler spliceosome consisting of only ~40 core proteins and four snRNAs. Strikingly, it is the first organism demonstrated to lack the U1 snRNP , the splicing particle that normally carries out the first step of substrate recognition. 
 Objectives: My long-term objectives are to determine the role of each splicing component in C. merolae , as well as to understand the regulation, biological consequences, and evolution of splicing. My short-term objectives are to exploit the power of our simplified splicing system by determining structures of its components and investigating their function. 
 Scientific approach: We will use a battery of new C. merolae -specific reagents to isolate and characterize splicing complexes and to study how splicing decisions alter the fitness of C. merolae under different conditions. 
Aim #1: purify and characterize endogenous complexes and test their function in binding substrates and catalyzing splicing. 
Aim #2: determine whether and how splicing is regulated in C. merolae . 
Aim #3: investigate the biological relevance of splicing by using CRISPR-Cas9 to delete introns and measure the effect on growth and stress responses. 
 Feasibility: Complementing years of splicing biochemistry in yeast, we have successfully isolated and characterized splicing complexes from C. merolae in published experiments. In addition, we have developed a number of reagents (antibodies, transformation methods, morpholino oligos) that will be required for the proposed work. 
 Novelty and significance: With C. merolae , my lab is developing the first new model system for studying splicing in years, and a unique system for its simplicity and evolutionary implications. These discoveries will have broadly felt impacts on technologies based on gene expression, a wide range of human and animal diseases, and fundamental questions of how splicing has evolved., agreement title english : Mechanism and regulation of splicing in the dramatically reduced spliceosome of C. merolae, agreement title french : Mechanism and regulation of splicing in the dramatically reduced spliceosome of C. merolae, agreement number : RGPIN, agreement value : 200000.0, agreement start date : 2017-05-10, agreement end date : nan, description english : nan, description french : nan, expected results english : nan, expected results french : nan, additional information english : Grant or Award spanning more than one fiscal year. (2017-2018 to 2022-2023), additional information french : Subvention ou bourse octroyée s'appliquant à plus d'un exercice financier. (2017-2018 à 2022-2023), owner organization : nserc-crsng, owner organization title : Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada | Conseil de recherches en sciences naturelles et en génie du Canada