营养补充品

title: 形态.
content: 目前营养补充品有以下形态:。
title: 液状.
content: 优点是身体吸收速度快,适合小朋友,及对呑咽药片和胶囊有障碍的人;缺点是容易摄取过量。
title: 含嚼锭剂.
content: 优点是身体吸收仅次于液状营养补充品;缺点是由于好吃,容易不小心就摄取过量。
title: 胶囊.
content: 优点是身体吸收仅次于液状与含嚼锭剂营养补充品;缺点是通常用于脂溶性维生素。
title: 膜糖衣锭剂.
content: 优点是收藏容易、可长期保存,且长期服用会较便宜;缺点是吸收速度慢、糖衣锭类似糖果,容易被小朋友误食、膜衣锭若被咬碎服用,会影响人体吸收效果(膜衣的作用是抗胃酸和胆碱,使成分能够在小肠有效被人体吸收,因此若在口中就咬碎吞服,那么就会影响效用)。
title: 相关法律.
title: 美国.
content: 在美国,膳食补充剂(dietary supplement)的定义由1994年美国国会通过的《膳食补充剂健康教育法》(Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994)给出: 美国食品及药物管理局(FDA)规定膳食补充剂是一种食品,而不是一种药品。美国食品及药物管理局并不保证膳食补充剂的安全性和有效性。美国食品及药物管理局只能在某种膳食补充剂出现问题后才去调查生产商。
title: 欧盟.
content: 欧盟的《食品补充律令》(Food Supplements Directive)要求膳食补充剂必须保证品质和数量的安全可靠。有些维生素在小剂量时是对人体有益的,但是过多的剂量是有害的。有些药草,比如金丝桃素(贯叶连翘),和某些药品同时摄入会产生毒副作用。只有那些经证实没有危险的膳食补充剂才可以不需处方就在市场上销售。
title: 中华人民共和国(中国大陆).
content: 《保健食品注册管理办法(试行)》将保健食品定义定义:保健食品是指声称具有特定保健功能或者以补充维生素、矿物质为目的的食品,即适宜于特定人群食用,具有调节机体功能,不以治疗疾病为目的,并且对人体不产生任何急性、亚急性或者慢性危害的食品。  《保健食品管理办法》及国家标准GB16740-2014《食品安全国家标准 保健食品》将保健食品定义为:并具有特定保健功能或者以补充维生素、矿物质为目的的食品。即适用于特定人群食用,具有调节机体功能,不以治疗疾病为目的,并且对人体不产生任何急性、亚急性或慢性危害的食品。 《保健食品管理办法》第二十一条规定,保健食品标签和说明书必须符合国家有关标准和要求,并标明下列内容:  根据国家市场监督管理总局规定,在中国大陆,依法批准注册的保健食品允许声称的保健功能共有27类,但某些商家会打“擦边球”,对功效夸大宣传。  由于中国大陆的保健食品市场存在乱象,尤其是中老年人过度相信其功效,甚至当药品食用,因此在2019年8月,国家市场监督管理总局发布《保健食品标注警示用语指南》,明确自2020年1月1日起,所有市售的保健食品都需要设置警示区,并且标注“保健食品不是药物,不能代替药物治疗疾病”警示语。警示区面积不少于其所在版面的20%,警示用语使用黑体字。
title: 中华民国(台湾).
content: 包括目前台湾的保健食品属于业者自主管理,属于一般食品规范;其中卫生署推动的健康食品认证必须通过动物实验功效而通过,另有由生策会推动的SNQ国家品质标章。

Summary: 营养补充品,又称营养补充剂、膳食补充剂、营养剂、饮食补充剂、保健食品、健康食品等,是一种成分是从食物中萃取对人体有益的营养素(如氨基酸、微量元素、维生素、矿物质等)的补充品,主要的功能是维持健康、预防疾病。而营养补充品必须经过卫生机关的检查,证明其安全性和保健功能才能贩售。值得注意的是,它并不是药物,不过可视身体需要作适量补充。。

Dietary supplement: A dietary supplement is a manufactured product intended to supplement the diet when taken by mouth as a pill, capsule, tablet, or liquid. A supplement can provide nutrients either extracted from food sources or synthetic, individually or in combination, in order to increase the quantity of their consumption. The class of nutrient compounds includes vitamins, minerals, fiber, fatty acids and amino acids. Dietary supplements can also contain substances that have not been confirmed as being essential to life, but are marketed as having a beneficial biological effect, such as plant pigments or polyphenols. Animals can also be a source of supplement ingredients, as for example collagen from chickens or fish. These are also sold individually and in combination, and may be combined with nutrient ingredients. In the United States and Canada, dietary supplements are considered a subset of foods, and are regulated accordingly. The European Commission has also established harmonized rules to help insure that food supplements are safe and properly labeled. Creating an industry estimated to have a 2015 value of $37 billion, there are more than 50,000 dietary supplement products marketed just in the United States, where about 50% of the American adult population consumes dietary supplements. Multivitamins are the most commonly used product. For those who fail to consume a balanced diet, the United States National Institutes of Health states that certain supplements "may have value." In the United States, it is against federal regulations for supplement manufacturers to claim that these products prevent or treat any disease. Companies are allowed to use what is referred to as "Structure/Function" wording if there is substantiation of scientific evidence for a supplement providing a potential health effect. An example would be "_____ helps maintain healthy joints", but the label must bear a disclaimer that the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) "has not evaluated the claim" and that the dietary supplement product is not intended to "diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease", because only a drug can legally make such a claim. The FDA enforces these regulations and also prohibits the sale of supplements and supplement ingredients that are dangerous, or supplements not made according to standardized good manufacturing practices (GMPs).