网状马勃

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Summary: 网状马勃(Lycoperdon perlatum)是伞菌科中的一种,通常被称为马勃、疣状马勃球、镶满宝石的马勃菌或魔鬼鼻烟壶的马勃球菌。其为中等大小的马勃菌,圆形子实体逐渐变细,1.5到6公分(0.6至2.4英寸)宽、3至10公分(1.2至3.9英寸)高。菌体为灰白色,顶部覆盖容易经由摩擦而掉落、呈网状图案的短刺毛。个体成熟时转为棕色,当菇体受到压力(如被触摸或被落下的雨滴滴到)时,顶部的孔会打开并释放孢子。马勃菌普遍生长于田野、花园、道路旁及草地上。菇体幼嫩时可食用,内部菌肉为白色的,但食用前须注意避免与具毒性之鹅膏菌的未成熟体混淆。网纹马勃通常透过表面纹理的差异可和其他类似的马勃菌作区别。现今研究已从网纹马勃的子实体中分离和鉴定出几种化合物,如使马勃产生特殊气味的挥发性固醇衍生物,以及一种特别的氨基酸lycoperdic acid。马勃菌萃取物具有抗细菌和抗真菌作用。

Lycoperdon perlatum: Lycoperdon perlatum, popularly known as the common puffball, warted puffball, gem-studded puffball, wolf farts or the devil's snuff-box, is a species of puffball fungus in the family Agaricaceae. A widespread species with a cosmopolitan distribution, it is a medium-sized puffball with a round fruit body tapering to a wide stalk, and dimensions of wide by tall. It is off-white with a top covered in short spiny bumps or "jewels", which are easily rubbed off to leave a netlike pattern on the surface. When mature it becomes brown, and a hole in the top opens to release spores in a burst when the body is compressed by touch or falling raindrops.