大肠激躁症

title: 症状.
content: 主要会有排便异常的问题,同时根据症状的不同可以分成不安定型、慢性下痢型、分泌型与气体型等四种。  ※ 按照罗马II标准,诊断和治疗胃肠道功能紊乱的世界标准,瓦斯类型被归类为机能性腹部膨満症,而不是过敏性肠症候群。 有过敏体质(尤其是鼻过敏),常会因季节、气温变化等因素引发的季节性肠胃炎,症状与大肠激躁症很类似,因此常被一般民众所搞混。
title: 原因.
content: 肠易激综合征的发病机制尚未完全清楚。  大肠肠道最内侧的黏膜层与黏膜下层主管分泌与吸收,如果黏膜层与黏膜下层出了问题,可以从大肠镜检查得出来,然而,其外面的平滑肌肉层则借由适当的收缩与放松而主管大肠蠕动功能,有丰富的自律神经分布至此处,借由自律神经的讯息来调控所有平滑肌(不随意肌)的收缩与放松的功能。因为长期累积的饮食、作息、生理心理因素、生活压力等原因,造成自律神经功能失调,因而自律神经无法发挥其平常应发挥的功能,于是,最终造成大肠蠕动不正常而引起。  主管肠道的自律神经的异常,或是因为精神上的不安或是过度紧张等等的压力所造成的。另外,本身容易焦虑、暴饮暴食或大量涉入酒精等等、不规则的作息、过劳或长时间受寒等等的状态都容易导致。  另外,因为暴饮暴食等生理原因导致的腹泻进而害怕出现在他人面前,多次下来产生了「在他人面前会导致腹泻」的异常恐惧心理,对于「长时间没有厕所」或「不得不在他人视线下进入厕所」的场所抱持着恐惧。其原理与恐慌症相同。  近年来的研究认为跟血清素有所关联。因压力导致肠道分泌出血清素,影响蠕动,进而导致大肠激躁症的症状产生。
title: 治疗.
content: 临床上主要采用解痉、止痛、通便、止泻、抗炎、促进胃肠动力、调节肠道菌群等治疗方式。  这种症状是因为精神紧张,很多情况是由生活作息紊乱所引起的。建议应该避免暴食、吸烟、过量饮酒等等,以期能导正规律的正常生活。  有报导指出适量的补充钙质与益生菌可以缓解症状。

Summary: 大肠激躁症(英语:Irritable bowel syndrome),又称为大肠躁郁症、肠躁症、躁性大肠征候群、肠易激综合征,主要为没有任何肠胃道疾病损伤下出现腹痛及排便型态改变的症状。这些症状是长期的,通常会持续数年。大肠激躁症可依照腹泻或便秘情形区分成四种型态,包含三种亚型:腹泻型(IBS-D)、便秘型(IBS-C)、混合型(IBS-M)或非亚型(IBS-U)。大肠激躁症会对生活品质带来负面的影响,而且可能使患者错过学校的课业及工作。在大肠激躁症的患者中,有许多患有精神病,如焦虑症、慢性疲劳症候群及忧郁症。

Irritable bowel syndrome: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a group of symptoms—including abdominal pain and changes in the pattern of bowel movements without any evidence of underlying damage. These symptoms occur over a long time, often years. It has been classified into four main types depending on whether diarrhea is common, constipation is common, both are common, or neither occurs very often (IBS-D, IBS-C, IBS-M, or IBS-U respectively). IBS negatively affects quality of life and may result in missed school or work. Disorders such as anxiety, major depression, and chronic fatigue syndrome are common among people with IBS. The causes of IBS are not clear. Theories include combinations of gut–brain axis problems, gut motility disorders, pain sensitivity, infections including small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, neurotransmitters, genetic factors, and food sensitivity. Onset may be triggered by an intestinal infection, or stressful life event. IBS is a functional gastrointestinal disorder. Diagnosis is based on symptoms in the absence of worrisome features and once other potential conditions have been ruled out. Worrisome features include onset at greater than 50 years of age, weight loss, blood in the stool, or a family history of inflammatory bowel disease. Other conditions that may present similarly include celiac disease, microscopic colitis, inflammatory bowel disease, bile acid malabsorption, and colon cancer. There is no known cure for IBS. Treatment is carried out to improve symptoms. This may include dietary changes, medication, probiotics, and counseling. Dietary measures include increasing soluble fiber intake, a gluten-free diet, or a short-term diet low in fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs). The medication loperamide may be used to help with diarrhea while laxatives may be used to help with constipation. Antidepressants may improve overall symptoms and reduce pain. Patient education and a good doctor–patient relationship are an important part of care. About 10 to 15% of people in the developed world are believed to be affected by IBS. It is estimated that 45% of people globally are affected by IBS. It is more common in South America and less common in Southeast Asia. It is twice as common in women as men and typically occurs before age 45. The condition appears to become less common with age. IBS does not affect life expectancy or lead to other serious diseases. The first description of the condition was in 1820 while the current term "irritable bowel syndrome" came into use in 1944.