结膜炎

title: 结膜炎的病因.
content: 结膜炎的病因比较复杂,一般分为感染性和非感染性两大类,主要表现为轻度的结膜充血及少量的粘液性分泌物,感染性的常见病原体包括葡萄球菌、卡他球菌、大肠杆菌、肠道病毒等等,非感染性的因素有粉尘或化学烟雾刺激、眼部长期应用有刺激性的药物、强光、屈光不正、烟酒过度、睡眠不足等引起。
title: 结膜炎的症状.
content: 此病的症状包括:眼白或眼睑内侧发红、眼睛发痒或刺痛,在细菌性结膜炎中,眼角和眼睫毛会出现粘稠的脓汁,使患者在清晨睁不开眼。在过敏性结膜炎中,会有眼睑肿胀和眼睛流出清澄液体等症状。 过敏性结膜炎(眼部过敏)最常见的症状是眼痒,几乎所有的过敏性结膜炎患者均可出现,但眼痒并非其特有的症状,不同亚型的过敏性结膜炎眼痒程度不同,其中春季角结膜炎通常表现最为明显,其他较常见的症状有流泪,灼热感,畏光及分泌物增加等,分泌物多为黏液性,呈黏稠的丝状,一些较严重的过敏性结膜炎,如春季角结膜炎及异位性角结膜炎有时可以出现视力下降。
title: 预防措施.
content: 防止细菌感染,注意生活环境的卫生情况,培养好的生活习惯,主动做眼保健措施,如灰尘较大时戴防护镜保护眼睛,经常清洗毛巾以避免细菌滋生。急性结膜炎是由细菌、病毒感染引起,所以在饮食预防方面要讲究饮食卫生,少与患者接触,不要吃患者用手触摸过的食物。参加体育锻炼,强健体魄;饮食方面,要保证每日摄入的营养均衡,多吃蔬菜、水果等富含维生素C的食物。
title: 治疗方法.
content: 急性结膜炎通常有自限性,病程在2周左右,局部有效治疗可以减少发病率和疾病持续时间,给予敏感抗生素治疗后,在几天内痊愈。结膜炎的诊断和治疗措施,在诊断不明确时避免乱用和滥用药物,提高对药物毒性诱发疾病的识别能力,避免经不规范配制的各类滴眼剂或过期药物的使用。慢性结膜炎是一种眼的慢性炎症,过敏和环境因素是病因,病程可达数周或数月,治疗措施包括减轻症状和避开可能引起的因素二个方面。
title: 结膜炎的体征.
title: 乳头增生.
content: 结膜乳头增生,位于睑结膜,在结膜表面出现红色的乳头状突起,中心有毛细血管,如同车轮状散开,量多且较小的时候,如同天鹅绒。是由于结膜上皮过度增生和白细胞浸润造成。
title: 巨乳头.
content: 其直径大于1毫米,是由于附着在结膜上皮到睑板和到下面角膜缘部球结膜区的锚状隔崩解造成的。
title: 滤泡形成.
content: 滤泡,位于睑结膜或者穹隆结膜,前者较小,后者大而且可以呈圆形或者不规则形。直径0.5-2.0mm,中央无毛细血管,血管在其周边绕行。是由于淋巴细胞聚集而形成。对于儿童和年轻人,正常情况下也可能在颞下方的穹隆部结膜见到凸起的滤泡。

Summary: 结膜炎(英语:Conjunctivitis,亦称Pink Eye),俗称红眼症,是一种发生在结膜的炎症,也会发生在眼睑内侧表面,会让眼睛泛红或带有粉红色,可能会很痒、疼痛、有灼热感或搔痒感,罹患结膜炎的病眼可能会泛泪、早上醒来时睁不开,或是巩膜浮肿,病例常见因过敏而搔痒,患者可能单眼或双眼都罹患结膜炎。 常见肇因于感染病原细菌后引起的病毒性疾病,病毒感染的其他症状可能和普通感冒的症状一起出现,病毒和细菌病例都很容易传染开来。对花瓣或动物毛发过敏也是一个常见的成因。通常是基于病征与症状来做确诊,偶尔会需要将分泌物检体送培养。 洗手可以预防一部分的结膜炎,治疗的方式需依潜在成因为准,大部分的病毒感染病例中,并没有特定的治疗方法;细菌感染的大部分病例也不一定要接受治疗才会痊愈,但是使用抗生素可以加速康复。隐形眼镜使用者及淋病或披衣菌感染患者如果罹患结膜炎,必须接受治疗。会过敏的患者可以使用抗组织胺药或肥大细胞安定剂治疗。 在美国,每年约有 300 万到 600 万人罹患结膜炎,成人患者之中常见肇因于病毒感染,但孩童患者则是细菌感染居多。通常患者在一到两周内会好转,如果患者出现丧失视力、剧痛、畏光、单纯疱疹的病征,或是症状并未在一周后好转,可能会需要进一步的诊断及治疗。新生儿罹患结膜炎则称为新生儿结膜炎,可能也需要接受特定的治疗。

Conjunctivitis: Conjunctivitis, also known as pink eye, is inflammation of the outermost layer of the white part of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelid. It makes the eye appear pink or reddish. Pain, burning, scratchiness, or itchiness may occur. The affected eye may have increased tears or be "stuck shut" in the morning. Swelling of the white part of the eye may also occur. Itching is more common in cases due to allergies. Conjunctivitis can affect one or both eyes. The most common infectious causes are viral followed by bacterial. The viral infection may occur along with other symptoms of a common cold. Both viral and bacterial cases are easily spread between people. Allergies to pollen or animal hair are also a common cause. Diagnosis is often based on signs and symptoms. Occasionally, a sample of the discharge is sent for culture. Prevention is partly by handwashing. Treatment depends on the underlying cause. In the majority of viral cases, there is no specific treatment. Most cases due to a bacterial infection also resolve without treatment; however, antibiotics can shorten the illness. People who wear contact lenses and those whose infection is caused by gonorrhea or chlamydia should be treated. Allergic cases can be treated with antihistamines or mast cell inhibitor drops. About 3 to 6 million people get conjunctivitis each year in the United States. In adults, viral causes are more common, while in children, bacterial causes are more common. Typically, people get better in one or two weeks. If visual loss, significant pain, sensitivity to light, signs of herpes, or if symptoms do not improve after a week, further diagnosis and treatment may be required. Conjunctivitis in a newborn, known as neonatal conjunctivitis, may also require specific treatment.