诺贝尔生理学或医学奖得主列表

title: 20世纪获奖者.
title: 1901年至1950年.
content: "in recognition of his work on the physiology of digestion, through which knowledge on vital aspects of the subject has been transformed and enlarged" "for his investigations and discoveries in relation to tuberculosis" "in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system" "in recognition of his work on the role played by protozoa in causing diseases" "in recognition of their work on immunity" "for his work on the physiology, pathology and surgery of the thyroid gland" "in recognition of the contributions to our knowledge of cell chemistry made through his work on proteins, including the nucleic substances" "for his work on the dioptrics of the eye" "[for] his work on vascular suture and the transplantation of blood vessels and organs" "[for] his work on anaphylaxis" "for his work on the physiology and pathology of the vestibular apparatus" "for his discoveries relating to immunity" "for his discovery of the capillary motor regulating mechanism" "for his discovery relating to the production of heat in the muscle" "for his discovery of the fixed relationship between the consumption of oxygen and the metabolism of lactic acid in the muscle" "for the discovery of the mechanism of the electrocardiogram" "for his discovery of the "Spiroptera carcinoma"" "for his discovery of the therapeutic value of malaria inoculation in the treatment of dementia paralytica" "for his work on typhus" "for his discovery of the antineuritic vitamin" "for his discovery of the growth-stimulating vitamin" "for his discovery of human blood groups" "for his discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme" "for their discoveries regarding the functions of neurons" "for his discoveries concerning the role played by the chromosome in heredity" "for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia" "for his discovery of the organizer effect in embryonic development" "for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses" "for his discoveries in connection with the biological combustion processes, with special reference to vitamin C and the catalysis of fumaric acid" "for the discovery of the role played by the sinus and aortic mechanisms in the regulation of respiration" "for the discovery of the antibacterial effects of prontosil" "for his discovery of vitamin K" "for his discovery of the chemical nature of vitamin K" "for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres" "for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases" "for the discovery of the production of mutations by means of X-ray irradiation" "for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen" "for his discovery of the part played by the hormone of the anterior pituitary lobe in the metabolism of sugar" "for his discovery of the high efficiency of DDT as a contact poison against several arthropods" "for his discovery of the functional organization of the interbrain as a coordinator of the activities of the internal organs" "for his discovery of the therapeutic value of leucotomy in certain psychoses" "for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex, their structure and biological effects"
title: 注释.
content: A. 这里的中文姓名是根据诺贝尔基金会的官方主页(nobelprize.org)提供英文名字的翻译,对于得奖者的原名或其他名字,可从该得奖者的条目中了解。华人或日本人姓名按中文和日文姓名习惯翻译。尽可能提供了每一位获奖者的照片;如果需要,可以到诺贝尔基金会的官方主页上查询每一位获奖者的照片。  B. 这里的国家信息是根据诺贝尔基金会的官方主页提供的信息列出,并不一定为得奖者真实的国籍或出生地。  C. 这里所引用的获奖理由是根据诺贝尔基金会的官方主页提供的英文原文翻译列出,英文原文被列于中文翻译之后以供查对。这一栏中的条目链接是与获奖者的获奖原因相关的研究领域与历史;这些链接这是作为指引和解释,需要了解每一位获奖者的具体工作,请由名字一栏中的链接到对应得奖者的条目中查看,或到诺贝尔基金会的官方主页中相关获奖者的页面中查看。

Summary: 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖得主列表,是诺贝尔生理学或医学奖的得主列表。

List of Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine: The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine () is awarded annually by the Swedish Karolinska Institute to scientists and doctors in the various fields of physiology or medicine. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the 1895 will of Alfred Nobel (who died in 1896), awarded for outstanding contributions in chemistry, physics, literature, peace, and physiology or medicine. As dictated by Nobel's will, the award is administered by the Nobel Foundation and awarded by a committee that consists of five members and an executive secretary elected by the Karolinska Institute. While commonly referred to as the Nobel Prize in Medicine, Nobel specifically stated that the prize be awarded for "physiology or medicine" in his will. Because of this, the prize can be awarded in a broader range of fields. The first Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded in 1901 to Emil Adolf von Behring, of Germany. Each recipient receives a medal, a diploma and a monetary award that has varied throughout the years. In 1901, von Behring received 150,782 SEK, which was equal to 7,731,004 SEK in December 2008. The award is presented in Stockholm at an annual ceremony on 10 December, the anniversary of Nobel's death.