头孢氨苄

title: 适应症.
content: 头孢氨苄可用于治疗敏感菌所致呼吸道(包括鼻窦炎、中耳炎、咽炎、扁桃体炎及肺炎)、泌尿道、皮肤及软组织、生殖器官等部位感染的治疗。抗菌谱与头孢噻吩、头孢噻啶基本相同,但抗菌效力比两者要弱。
title: 用法及用量.
content: 成人通常每6小时服250毫克或每8至12小时服500毫克,儿童用量通常以每日每公斤体重服25毫克计,分多次服用。如症状严重,医生可根据病人情况增加剂量。通常服7至10日,或依医生指示。
title: 不良反应.
content: 有些人服药后出现了不良反应,以下是一些较为常见者:
title: 注意事项.
content: 对头孢菌素过敏者、卟啉症(Porphyria)患者禁用头孢氨苄及其它头孢菌素。  对盘尼西林类抗生素过敏者、肾功能不全者、孕妇或授乳妇女应小心使用头孢氨苄及其它头孢菌素。对盘尼西林类抗生素过敏者中,大约10%的人也会对头孢菌素产生过敏反应。

Summary: 头孢氨苄(英语:Cefalexin或英语:Cephalexin,又译先锋霉素IV、又作赐福力欣、头孢力欣、赐尔复新、西华烈信、施华林、喜化幸、雪华力欣、或赐泛立信等)。是一种半合成的第一代口服头孢霉素类类抗生素药物,可用于数种细菌感染的抗生素。头孢氨苄是口服药,借由干扰细菌细胞壁的合成来杀死革兰氏阳性菌和部分革兰氏阴性菌。头孢氨苄属于第一代头孢菌素,它与其他同类的抗生素如静脉施打的头孢唑啉具有相似的作用。 头孢氨苄被以于治疗中耳炎、链球菌性咽炎、肺炎、骨与关节感染、蜂窝性组织炎、以及泌尿道感染等,它也可以被用于预防感染性心内膜炎。头孢氨苄对于抗药性金黄色葡萄球菌没有效果。头孢氨苄可以使用在对青霉素有轻微至普通程度过敏反应的病人身上,但对于有强烈过敏反应的病人而言则不适合使用。头孢氨苄对病毒感染并没有效果。在台湾,由于组织穿透性不佳以及抗药性菌株较多,除蜂窝性组织炎及经确认菌株无抗药性的泌尿道感染仍使用头孢氨苄作首选治疗药物,上述其他病症(中耳炎、咽炎、肺炎、骨与关节感染、以及感染心内膜炎)已经建议使用其他抗生素治疗。 头孢氨苄的可能副作用包括过敏、肠胃不适、伪膜性结肠炎等等。对于孕妇而言,本药品在许多孕妇使用后仍没有证据显示它会对孕妇或胎儿造成伤害(等同于美国的怀孕用药等级B;与澳洲的等级A),在哺乳期间使用本药品也是安全的。儿童与65岁以上的老人都可以安全的使用本药。肾功能不佳的病人在使用本药品时应依指示减少剂量。 2012年时头孢氨苄名列美国前百大最常使用药物,在澳洲则跻身前十五强。它在1969-1970年间由葛兰素史克与礼来发现,并分别以Keflex与Ceporex为名上市。今日,市面上已经有许多本药品的学名药可供选择,价格也不昂贵。本品列名于世界卫生组织基本药物标准清单上,这张清单列出世界卫生组织建议医疗系统中应有的最重要的药物。

Cefalexin: Cefalexin, also spelled cephalexin, is an antibiotic that can treat a number of bacterial infections. It kills gram-positive and some gram-negative bacteria by disrupting the growth of the bacterial cell wall. Cefalexin is a beta-lactam antibiotic within the class of first-generation cephalosporins. It works similarly to other agents within this class, including intravenous cefazolin, but can be taken by mouth. Cefalexin can treat certain bacterial infections, including those of the middle ear, bone and joint, skin, and urinary tract. It may also be used for certain types of pneumonia, strep throat, and to prevent bacterial endocarditis. Cefalexin is not effective against infections caused by methicillin-resistant "Staphylococcus aureus" (MRSA), "Enterococcus", or "Pseudomonas". Like other antibiotics, cefalexin cannot treat viral infections, such as the flu, common cold or acute bronchitis. Cefalexin can be used in those who have mild or moderate allergies to penicillin. However, it is not recommended in those with severe penicillin allergies. Common side effects include stomach upset and diarrhea. Allergic reactions or infections with "Clostridium difficile", a cause of diarrhea, are also possible. Use during pregnancy or breast feeding does not appear to be harmful to the baby. It can be used in children and those over 65 years of age. Those with kidney problems may require a decrease in dose. Cefalexin was developed in 1967. It was first marketed in 1969 and 1970 under the names Keflex and Ceporex, among others. Generic drug versions are available under other trade names and are inexpensive. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the safest and most effective medicines needed in a health system. In 2017, it was the 102nd most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than seven million prescriptions. In Canada, it was the fifth most common antibiotic used in 2013. In Australia, it is one of the top 15 most prescribed medications.