痤疮

title: 形成原因.
content: 一般痤疮的形成,有以下几个因素,但最终原因都是皮脂分泌过多和堵塞引起的
title: 治疗方法.
content: 粉刺和遗留症状只要坚持保持良好的习惯一段时间(一至两个月)可以自然消退
title: 治疗药物.
content: 治疗药物一般有外用与口服两种剂型  外用剂型  口服剂型  疗程视病患严重程度,从4周到半年以上不等。各类处方药需遵照医嘱使用。
title: 抗生素疗法.
content: 以抗生素来杀死皮脂腺中的痤疮丙酸杆菌,使其无法分解三酸甘油脂成脂肪酸,进而减少发炎反应。第一线通常使用四环素类抗生素(例如:四环霉素, 去氧羟四环素, 米诺环素),如产生抗药性则使用第二线克林霉素(Clindamycin)类,再有抗药性则使用第三线磺胺(Baktar)类药物。
title: 激素疗法.
content: 适用于以成年女性为主的亚型。通常使用螺内酯(Spironolactone)类利尿剂、口服避孕药以调整体内失调的激素。此疗法不建议男性患者使用,否则易导致男性女乳症等副作用。疗程通常都要持续半年以上。
title: 异维A酸.
content: 异维A酸(Isotretinoin)可以促使皮脂腺萎缩,从最根本治疗痤疮。并且有杀菌、抗发炎等效果。不过皮脂腺萎缩属于不可逆的过程,故虽然效果最强,但属最后一线疗法,非不得已不轻易使用。
title: 病灶内糖皮质激素.
content: 将病灶内糖皮质激素(Intralesional Glucocorticoids,俗称「痘痘针」),属于类固醇类药物。直接注射病灶处,可以快速缓解患处的发炎反应。

Summary: 痤疮(英语:acne、拼音:cuó chuāng、注音:ㄘㄨㄛˊ ㄔㄨㄤ);也称为寻常性痤疮(),在毛囊被死皮细胞和来自皮肤的油脂堵塞时出现。 它的特点是黑头或白头、疙瘩、油性皮肤,可能会有疤痕 它主要影响皮脂腺数量相对较多的皮肤部位,包括脸部、胸部上部和背部。 患者因为外貌的改变,可能会出现焦虑、自卑,极端情况下会导致抑郁。 80%的病例中认为遗传因素是主要病因。 饮食和吸烟的作用尚不清楚,皮肤是否干净、是否暴露在阳光下与痤疮的形成无关。 在青春期,无论男女,痤疮通常都是由睪固酮等激素的增加引起的。 一般出现在皮肤上的痤疮丙酸杆菌()过度滋生是一个常见病因。 痤疮有许多治疗方法可供选择,包括改变生活方式、药物和医疗程序。少吃食糖等单糖可能会对病情有所帮助。 外敷壬二酸、过氧化苯甲酰和水杨酸是常用的治疗手段。 抗生素和维生素A酸可用于口服治疗痤疮。

Acne: Acne, also known as acne vulgaris, is a long-term skin disease that occurs when dead skin cells and oil from the skin clog hair follicles. Typical features of the condition include blackheads or whiteheads, pimples, oily skin, and possible scarring. It primarily affects skin with a relatively high number of oil glands, including the face, upper part of the chest, and back. The resulting appearance can lead to anxiety, reduced self-esteem, and, in extreme cases, depression or thoughts of suicide. Genetics is the primary cause of acne in 80% of cases. The role of diet and cigarette smoking in the condition is unclear, and neither cleanliness nor exposure to sunlight appears to play a part. In both sexes, hormones called androgens appear to be part of the underlying mechanism, by causing increased production of sebum. Another common factor is the excessive growth of the bacterium "Cutibacterium acnes", which is present on the skin. Treatments for acne are available, including lifestyle changes, medications, and medical procedures. Eating fewer simple carbohydrates such as sugar may minimize the condition. Treatments applied directly to the affected skin, such as azelaic acid, benzoyl peroxide, and salicylic acid, are commonly used. Antibiotics and retinoids are available in formulations that are applied to the skin and taken by mouth for the treatment of acne. However, resistance to antibiotics may develop as a result of antibiotic therapy. Several types of birth control pills help against acne in women. Medical professionals typically reserve isotretinoin pills for severe acne, due to greater potential side effects. Early and aggressive treatment of acne is advocated by some in the medical community to decrease the overall long-term impact on individuals. In 2015, acne affected approximately 633million people globally, making it the eighth-most common disease worldwide. Acne commonly occurs in adolescence and affects an estimated 80–90% of teenagers in the Western world. Some rural societies report lower rates of acne than industrialized ones. Children and adults may also be affected before and after puberty. Although acne becomes less common in adulthood, it persists in nearly half of affected people into their twenties and thirties, and a smaller group continues to have difficulties in their forties.