脊椎侧弯

title: 脊椎侧弯的种类.
title: 结构性脊椎侧弯症.
content: 结构性脊椎侧弯症(structural scoliosis)是指患者躺下来的时候侧弯现象不会消失。此类脊椎侧弯患者中有80%患者为原发性脊椎侧弯,其次为次发性脊椎侧弯。
title: 非结构性脊椎侧弯症.
content: 非结构性脊椎侧弯症(non-structural scoliosis)是指患者躺下来的时候侧弯现象会消失。常见的因素则是因为神经肌肉病变、脊椎左右两侧肌肉张力不平衡、两脚长度不等(长短脚)等因素产生。此类患者往往能在病因消失后改善其脊椎侧弯的症状。  结构性脊柱侧弯症: 又分为特发性及非特发性两种。原因在于脊椎本身,只有治疗脊椎本身才能改善。不同于非结构性的脊柱侧弯症,病人在躺下来时侧弯不会消失。特发性脊柱侧弯:占百分之80%,通常开始于10到13岁儿童,好发于身体快速发育成长的青少年时期。非特发性脊柱侧弯:则起因于某一特定原因,例如神经肌肉病变、退化、感染、肿瘤等。
title: 治疗方法.
title: 姿势矫正及运动治疗.
content: 侧弯角度小于20度的患者需要在物理治疗师的指导下接受姿势矫正及运动治疗,同时每半年追踪检查一次,观察角度是否有恶化的情况。  脊椎侧弯的成因及种类 脊椎侧弯主要有先天性及后天性两种  先天:先天脊椎不是正确的生理弧度,令一边身体肌肉受压, 比较少人会是这种  后天:后天因为长期姿势不正确,身体肌肉不平衡引致脊椎长期受压,比较多人是这种  脊椎侧弯主要大致分为C型及S型两种,主要是脊椎弯曲的位置不同,影响的地方分别有盆骨,胸椎,腰椎,令到身体的肌肉背凸及腰凸,严重的患者会影响内脏及压到脊椎附近的神经线引致痛楚  有关脊椎侧弯  如脊椎侧弯超过40-45度,医生会建议患者施行手术巩固脊椎,但手术风险较大,手术后需要配合物理治疗去帮助复原。  脊椎侧弯 20-40度,患者可以佩戴小型支架加强巩固,脱下支架后配合运动加强改善  脊椎侧弯 20度以下,可以透过运动及伸展去改善情况,尽量坚持每日至少做20-30分钟  伸展运动主要帮助放松崩紧的肌肉群再配合适当的按摩舒缓肌肉崩紧,而运动训练需要进行一些深层肌肉训练来巩固脊椎附近的肌肉群,减低脊椎的压力
title: 脊柱矫正治疗.
content: 脊骨神经医学声称可以利用脊柱矫正术矫正脊椎侧弯,但没有明显证据确实有效。
title: 穿戴背架.
content: 侧弯角度介于20度～40度或50度之间的患者,除了运动治疗之外,必须穿背架矫正,避免恶化,同时每三至六个月追踪检查一次。通常大于30度建议开刀,除了容易治疗,恢复力也较快
title: 手术治疗.
content: 侧弯角度若大于40度或50度,就不建议按照上面方法矫正,持续恶化的速度会加快,强烈建议手术治疗。

Summary: 脊椎侧弯(scoliosis)是指人的脊椎有侧向的弯曲,其形状可能是S形或是C形。有些人的脊椎侧弯情形稳定不会变化,有些则会随时间日渐加增。轻微的脊椎侧弯不会有其他症状,而严重的脊椎侧弯会影响呼吸,脊椎侧弯多半不会疼痛。 大部分脊椎侧弯的病因还不明确,多半认为是遗传及环境因子综合影响所造成,家人也有脊椎侧弯是风险因子之一。其他致病的原因包括肌肉痉挛、脑麻痺、马凡氏症候群,以及像神经纤维瘤病等肿瘤,会配合X光片进行诊断。脊椎侧弯可以分为脊椎曲线已经定形的结构性脊椎侧弯,以及脊椎本身其实仍正常的机能性脊椎侧弯(非结构性脊椎侧弯)两种。 治疗方式会依脊椎侧弯的程度、位置及病因而有不同,轻微的脊椎侧弯只需要定期回诊观察,治疗方式包括背架及手术,支架需符合病患的体型,而且需每天使用,直到侧弯程度不再增加为止,有关整背、膳食补充品及运动是否可以使脊椎侧弯不继续恶化,目前还没有足够的证据可以评断,不过因为运动有其他健康上的好处,仍会建议脊椎侧弯的病患运动。 大约3%的人会有脊椎侧弯的问题,多半发生在十岁到二十岁之间。女性受影响的程度会比男性要大。脊椎侧弯的英文Scoliosis源自古希腊文σκολίωσις(skoliosis),意思是「弯曲」

Scoliosis: Scoliosis is a medical condition in which a person's spine has a sideways curve. The curve is usually "S"- or "C"-shaped over three dimensions. In some, the degree of curve is stable, while in others, it increases over time. Mild scoliosis does not typically cause problems, but severe cases can interfere with breathing. Typically, no pain is present. The cause of most cases is unknown, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Risk factors include other affected family members. It can also occur due to another condition such as muscle spasms, cerebral palsy, Marfan syndrome, and tumors such as neurofibromatosis. Diagnosis is confirmed with X-rays. Scoliosis is typically classified as either structural in which the curve is fixed, or functional in which the underlying spine is normal. Treatment depends on the degree of curve, location, and cause. Minor curves may simply be watched periodically. Treatments may include bracing, specific exercises, and surgery. The brace must be fitted to the person and used daily until growing stops. Specific exercises may be used to try to decrease the risk of worsening. They may be done alone or along with other treatments such as bracing. Evidence that chiropractic manipulation, dietary supplements, or exercises can prevent the condition from worsening is weak. However, exercise is still recommended due to its other health benefits. Scoliosis occurs in about 3% of people. It most commonly occurs between the ages of 10 and 20. Females typically are more severely affected than males. The term is from which means "a bending".