bull durham smoking tobacco , also known as “ genuine bull durham smoking tobacco , ” was a world-famous brand of loose-leaf tobacco manufactured by w.t. blackwell and company in durham , north carolina .

that originated around the 1850s and remained in production until august 15 , 1988 .

over the years , the brand often changed ownership , yet continued to be one of the most successful tobacco brands of all time .

the brand is most commonly associated with its highly successful advertising campaigns that revolutionized the advertising industry .

william thomas blackwell , an original investor and owner of the blackwell company , contributed greatly to the success of the product .

blackwell and his company ’s tactics with the brand paved the way for other corporations to succeed through the acquisition of the bull durham trademark .

the success of the product ultimately is due to the successful advertising campaigns that made durham world famous , brought jobs to the city , and made durham the tobacco capital of the united states .

bull durham smoking tobacco

bull durham – smoking tobacco – thomas cusack co . chicago – wallace , id
bull durham smoking tobacco promotion advertising original poster 25 . 5
x 17
durham smoking tobacco with bull durham papers nos w t blackwell net wt . 5 / 8 oz
s durham bull tobacco co . , shrewdly promoted its wares under the bull durham trademark . the firm
bull durham tobacco vintage 1920s ad pipe by rosiesvintageprints , $ 25 . 00 | pipe smoking | pinterest | bull durham , pipes and cigar
vtg bull durham smoking tobacco pouch w . t . blackwell & co . ~ unopened s04
an old advertising label for bull durham smoking tobacco . . . | { vintage durham weddings } | pinterest | durham and north carolina
item morphy auctions / vca march 2010 auction / genuine bull durham smoking tobacco cardboard li . . .
bull durham tobacco ad . american tobacco company , circa 1920 . large poster shows ease of rolling your own bull durham cigarettes by picturing a golfer swinging club while smoking .
bull durham tobacco ad . american tobacco co . ca . 1920 . large poster shows ease of rolling your own bull durham cigarettes by picturing a golfer swinging club while smoking .
interestingly , bull durham tobacco ,
briteleaf tobacco
, was grown and manufactured in durham , nc .
durham earned its
bull city
nickname through w . t . blackwell & co ' s
bull
durham smoking tobacco , manufactured in durham and heavily advertised both locally and nationally
wall - color 7 x 10 metal sign - 1915 bull durham smoking tobacco - vintage look repr . . .
in 1957 , the last of the bull durham smoking tobacco production was moved from durham to richmond , and the durham plant became exclusively a cigarette manufacturer .
bull durham tobacco trademark . ca . 1880 . circular emblem encloses bull standing in farm pasture , looking toward viewer .
genuine bull durham smoking tobacco cardboard lithograph . all original w / sticker on back for bull durham tobacco authenticity , has crease in the middle of print , in frame - 22
x 30
bull durham tobacco ad . the man in the moon . ca . 1890 . print ad for blackwell ' s bull durham smoking tobacco features drawing of a man in full moon , smoking a pipe . over one eye is the pull - string seal with bull trademark . from handbook of durham .
bull durham / dances with wolves / mr . brooks ( 3 discs ) ( dvd _ video ) | bull durham and products
from 1874 – 1957 , bull durham tobacco , the first truly national tobacco brand , was manufactured in durham , nc .
lucius green , manufacturer of genuine indian girl durham smoking tobacco , durham , - n . c .
durham smoking tobacco label , mfg . blackwell . ca . 1870 . striking label with reversed print and trademark bull , advertising durham smoking tobacco made by w . t . blackwell ( later the american tobacco co . ) .
blackwell takes its name from william thomas blackwell , whose blackwell durham tobacco co . manufactured bull durham smoking tobacco . it appears , unnamed , on the blount map of durham c . 1867 .
bull
durham smoking tobacco ad poster 11
x14
this auction is for a highly collectible ad poster featuring
bull
durham smoking tobacco . this poster measures approximately 10 3 / 4
x 14
and is a re . . .
by the turn of the century , bull durham tobacco was reportedly the largest tobacco company in the world .
make plug , twist and smoking tobacco , ten inch , sixes and eights plug , and
hickory
smoking tobacco .
tobacco pouch with rolling papers , w . t . blackwell & co . , bull durham
during the u . s . civil war , john ruffin green ' s genuine durham smoking tobacco company made shredded pipe tobacco and sold it in small cloth bags with a picture of a bull on the side . the bull durham logo came about when a friend of mr . green ' s suggested he call his tobacco bull durham smoking tobacco . before long , the product—which had become popular with soldiers during the war—was commonly known as bull durham .
bull in blackwell ' s durham smoking tobacco ad knocks sign painter over sign . ad appeared in u . s . tobacco journal , june 11 , 1877
1918 : war department buys the entire output of bull durham tobacco . bull durham advertises ,
when our boys light up , the huns will light out .
in addition to founding the first tobacco company in durham , green was also a pioneer of tobacco advertising . inspired by a bull’s head illustration on a brand of mustard from durham , england , he trademarked the bull for his durham smoking tobacco brand . this brand became popular worldwide and forever made the bull an emblem of durham . [ ii ]
] and greater still , when considering other tobacco related diseases and environmental tobacco smoking .
e . h . pogue , manufacturer of smoking tobacco , durham , n . c .
w . t . blackwell partnered with mr . green and formed the “bull durham tobacco company” .
bull durham tobacco – uneeda biscuit – nabisco – sloan’s liniment , etc . – birmingham , al
postcard for the w . t . blackwell and company tobacco factory , otherwise known as the bull durham tobacco factory .
genuine bull durham smoking tobacco general store sign . 9
x12
. 040 aluminum . this sign has eyelets . made in the usa .
quick description : noticed this fading ad for bull durham smoking tobacco on side of former old general nerchandise store building near downtown bennettsville , sc .
john ruffin green ( 1840 - 1869 ) manufactured genuine durham smoking tobacco and used a bull as his trademark : origin of the
bull durham
brand . after green ' s death , his partner william t . blackwell took over the company and the bull trademark .
robert morris and his son open the first tobacco factory in durham , manufacturing
best flavored spanish smoking tobacco .
blackwell ' s durham tobacco co . factory bldg . 1895 . factory building of blackwell ' s durham tobacco co . , with bull trademark . engraving from handbook of durham .
w . t . blackwell & co . , durham , north carolina , manufacturers of the only genuine durham smoking tobacco .
early packaging for the bull durham brand of tobacco , manufactured by w . t . blackwell and company
the name “bull durham” is said to have been taken from the bull on the british coleman mustard , which mr . blackwell mistakenly believed was manufactured in durham england .
genuine durham smoking tobacco , later known as bull durham , was manufactured in durham , north carolina from as early as 1860 . ( the trademark was first registered in 1866 . ) john ruffin green is credited with adopting the bull ( apparently borrowed from colman ' s mustard ( made in durham , england ) ) as a symbol for a smoking tobacco known as best flavored spanish smoking tobacco . green then changed its name to genuine durham in the 1860 ' s .
bull durham rolling tobacco and camel cigarettes are distributed to american soldiers as daily rations during world war i .
old bull , looking southwest , 1905 . ( courtesy duke manuscript collection / digital durham
soon golden belt was producing more than 13 , 000 bull durham sacks a day .
bull durham , above harris diner , 79 north ave . , owego , ny , 2002
green registered the trademark in 1866 , along with the name
genuine durham smoking tobacco .
he mounted a sign on the front of his factory depicting the bull .
see also : w . duke , sons and company ; tobacco , brown and williamson tobacco company ; bull durham tobacco ; r . j . reynolds tobacco company ; w . duke sons and company ; tobacco barrels : hogsheads ; inventions in the tobacco industry ; tobacco belts
. the name “bull durham” is said to have been taken from the bull on the british colman’s mustard , which mr . blackwell ( mistakenly ) believed was manufactured in durham , england .
bull durham business bonanza , 1866 - 1940 by b . w . c . roberts and snow l . roberts ; endangered durham
bull durham made its last ad hurrah in 1918 , when the company announced that , since it was sending all its bull durham tobacco to u . s . soldiers in world war i , it would suspend advertising .
the first american manufactured cigarettes came out in 1860 . the most popular brand was bull durham .
r . f . morris & son tobacco factory . engraving . ca . 1890 . ' eureka durham ' smoking tobacco and ' ladies choise ' snuff . from handbook of durham .
action on smoking and health ( ash ) . smoking statistics : illness and death . london : ash ; 2014 .
signs for bull durham tobacco once covered walls all over the country . photo : jack e . boucher , national park service .
durham tobacco ad , with bull and pyramids . ca . 1880 . engraving of bull wearing blanket advertising blackwell ' s durham tobacco . pedestal is partial pyramid labeled with company name and ' cheops ' on the side . smaller pyramids appear in the distance .
james young whitted ( 1836 - 1926 ) was a hillsborough tobacco manufacturer and friend of bull durham founder john ruffin green . according to local lore , whitted suggested that green adopt a bull as symbol for his tobacco brand .
genuine bull durham smoking tobacco . from an older tobacco sign into a reprint picture . reprint picture made of an older advertising sign and it is . high quality semi gloss photo paper and ink are use . . .
old bull with power plant behind it , 1895 . ( courtesy duke manuscript collection / digital durham )
by 1890 , bull durham was one of the most famous trademarks in the world . in that same year , five of the largest cigarette producers , including blackwell tobacco co . , the maker of bull durham , joined together to form the american tobacco co .
click here for another bull durham sign , this one from san francisco ( 1990 ) . here you can see the bull , but it is partially blocked by billboards .
denny , smith & co . manufacturers of fine smoking tobacco proprietors of the monogram brand .
bull durham was sold as loose tobacco in a roll - your - own packet , and continued to be manufactured until around 1988 .
el toro , of course , is spanish for bull . the bull durham brand of smoking tobacco was originally called
spanish flavored durham tobacco .
the manufacturer , john r . green , used the bull name and emblem in his advertising and on his packaging .
spanish flavored
referred to the variety of tobacco grown commercially in the us , which was native to the spanish caribbean . baseball legend has it that the term
bullpen
came about because of the ubiquitous advertisements for bull durham tobacco that hung near the area where pitchers warmed up .
the project is located near the home of the durham bulls minor league baseball team , and is expected to be completed this fall . the property has its own story : a factory on the land once produced bull durham smoking tobacco .
blackwell durham tobacco company
( source : handbook of durham , nc ) ( durham , 1895 ) , pages 32 - 35 .
century , bull durham advertising signs were featured on the outfield fences of most major and minor league ballparks .
in those days , all games were day games and the bull durham advertising signs provided much needed shade .
this bull durham from spokane , wash . ( 2005 ) has been mutilated by a modern garden scene .
different types of tobacco , green tobacco sickness , conditions needed to grow tobacco , etc .
townsend j . price and consumption of tobacco . br med bull . 1996 ; 52 : 132–42 .
bull durham smoking tobacco sign painted on building in collinsville , illinois . auctiva ' s free counter . perfect 5x7 glossy color photo ready for your collection ! historic & amazing photograph . reprint . . .
blackwell ' s durham is the finest , purest , best , and most uniform brand of smoking tobacco ever put upon the market .
began the manufacture of smoking tobacco in 1880 , their brand being
clear the track .
it is admitted that the tobacco grown in these mountains of western north carolina produces smoking tobacco of a quality surpassing any other .
b . w . c . roberts and s . l . roberts , bull durham : business bonanza , 1866–1940 ( durham , nc : genuine durham press , 2002 ) , 43 .
[ i ] open durham . ( 2008 , march 24 ) . blackwell’s durham tobacco / american tobacco co . retrieved april 10 , 2015 , from urltoken : urltoken / buildings / blackwells - durham - tobacco - american - tobacco - co
[ iii ] open durham . ( 2008 , march 24 ) . blackwell’s durham tobacco / american tobacco co . retrieved april 10 , 2015 , from urltoken : urltoken / buildings / blackwells - durham - tobacco - american - tobacco - co
completed in 1874 , the american tobacco company factory was initially known as the w . t . blackwell and company tobacco factory . it was also referred to as the bull durham tobacco factory , and eventually earned the nickname
old bull ,
because the whistle actually sounded like a bull . the ell - shaped building of italianate design is a brick factory trimmed with marble , and features a bull durham ad right on the front of the building . the bull durham advertising campaign even offered a cash prize for baseball players to try and hit the sign from nearby stadiums .
no , not the 1988 movie featuring kevin costner , but a tobacco company and brand based in durham , north carolina . the national park service , which has recognized the bull durham tobacco factory ( also called the w . t . blackwell and company tobacco factory ) for its historical importance , has referred to bull durham tobacco as “the first truly national tobacco brand” and “a part of american industrial history and folklore . ”
[ ii ] durden , r . f . ( 2006 ) . bull durham tobacco . retrieved april 10 , 2015 , from ncpedia : urltoken
q : i have had this framed paper poster advertising bull durham smoking tobacco for over 40 years . it’s 24 1 / 2 by 17 inches . in the bottom left - hand corner it says , “blackwell’s durham tobacco co . ” is this collectible ? what is its value ?
following his son brodie ' s lead , washington duke sells the family farm and moves to durham , nc in hopes of expanding his tobacco business . washington builds a new tobacco factory on durham ' s main street . durham is also home to blackwell and company , producers of the popular
bull durham
tobacco brand .
i have a painting of a barn with genuine “bull” durham the old reliable smoking tabacco on the side it is signed by cwikla would you have any info one this . thank you
the successor to blackwell ' s durham tobacco co . was the american tobacco co . which paid somewhere between 3 and 4 million dollars to take over blackwell ' s ( and the bull durham trademark ) in 1898 .
julian shakespeare carr ( 1845 - 1924 ) , while first part owner ( from around 1870 ) , then sole owner of blackwell ' s , is credited with engineering the massive advertising campaign that spread the bull durham signs over the american landscape . bull durham signs featured a bronze bull on a black background . in the sign above , the bull was probably in the lower right corner but is not discernable now . a circular gold medal flour sign was painted over the middle of the bull durham sign at some point in time , and is now quite a bit less prominent than the larger bull durham lettering .
j . r . sams intends during the fall to begin the manufacture of smoking tobacco in asheville .
pamphlet , ee - m co . ,
ee - m smoking tobacco and cigarettes
, 1896
see also : tobacco , american tobacco company ; brown and williamson tobacco company ; r . j . reynolds tobacco company ; w . duke sons and company ; tobacco barrels : hogsheads ; inventions in the tobacco industry ; tobacco belts
outdoor advertisements were a part of the tobacco industry from its beginning . before the turn of the century , large , colorful wall paintings advertising bull durham tobacco appeared . and as cigarette smoking grew more popular , tobacco producers quickly began to erect dramatic signs advertising their wares throughout the country .
tobacco processed in durham becomes popular among civil war soldiers , creating a national market for the variety that later became known as bull durham , sold by w . t . blackwell and company .
no other like it in the world ! if you alight from the train at durham , n . c , the first thing you note is the delight - ful aroma and s ^ veet fragrance which hangs over the whole town . this proceeds from the
bull
durham factory . never was there so dis - tinctive and lingering a flavor as that of
bull
durham ; there is no other like it in the world .
bull
durham smokers notice this , the moment they roll a cigarette and light it . the smoke has a delicious , relishable aroma that is wholly unique and individual . you get it in no other tobacco . it is produced by a gsnerations - old process known only to the makers of
bull
durham . < ti oenuinc bull durham smoking tobacco
bull
durham has been the standard smoking tobacco of the world for three generations .
bull
durham hand - made cigarettes are a distinctive form of tobacco enjoyment . their flzvcr and freshness arc delightful . get
the makings
today and
roll your own .
ask for free hooki of * ' papers wilh each 5c sack - l ^
ee - m co . ,
ee - m smoking tobacco and cigarettes
[ pamphlet ] , 1896
pamphlet , f . w . felgner & sons , price list of smoking tobacco , 1866 aug . 1
but none actually showed women smoking . but times were changing and men like george washington hill at american tobacco set their sights on popularizing cigarette smoking among the newly liberated female population .
the company was also active in specialty advertising , developing a promotion in which the round tabs featuring a bull that were tied to the ends of the drawstrings used in the small cloth sacks of bull durham tobacco could be exchanged for premiums .
[ . . . ] pete w . sent in a third vintage bull durham tobacco ad depicting black americans as foolish and bumbling . [ . . . ]
the u . s . government is said to have bought every ounce of bull durham tobacco during the world war i years to send to the war effort .
reference has been made elsewhere to the origin of the demand for durham smoking tobacco , of which mr . j . r . green sagaciously took advantage , increasing his facilities for manufacturing , and adopting a distinguishing brand and device , making the
durham bull
thenceforth immortal .
f . w . felgner & sons , price list of smoking tobacco [ pamphlet ] , 1866 aug . 1
[ the history section of this post relies heavily upon the excellent little book bull durham business bonanza by ben and snow roberts .
j . t . blackwell . formal portrait . ca . 1920 . formal portrait of man responsible for bull durham tobacco and one of the men responsible for the growth and success of durham . photog : parnell
rebuilding the cornice on the east and north facades of old bull , december 2007 .
interested in the decision to remove the iconic bull’s scrotum in advertisements ? go here .
these are some attributes that the city of durham has come to envelop . once known primarily for basketball and tobacco , durham has flourished into a city of entrepreneurial zest and tech culture . a charming feature of durham is the way it blends historic fabric with new vibrancy . the nickname , bull city , comes from the former brand of tobacco , bull durham smoking tobacco . while the city no longer produces tobacco , the spirit of that prosperous time is rekindled in businesses and culture . the durham bulls , a minor - league baseball team , hosts games right across the street from the american tobacco campus , another instance of the preservation of historical roots .
the next year , with nearly 150 bull durham signs being hit 85 times , $ 4 , 520 in cash more than 10 , 000 pounds of tobacco was awarded .
in 1910 , the “bull durham” name was so closely associated with baseball ; that signs were in almost every ballpark in the country .
mr . green died in 1869 , and his company was bought by former storekeeper william t . blackwell , who made the bull durham name internationally renowned . the image of the bull appeared on billboards and murals throughout the world , and one of the great pyramids at giza had the bull painted on it .
1865 : civil war ended : troops camped around durham station waiting for the surrender at durham station exhaust local farmers ' supply of tobacco . later troops wrote to durham station looking for more of the local tobacco .
opinions and lifestyle survey , adult smoking habits in great britain , 2013 . [
although the first tobacco factory had been established in 1854 by r . f . morris , a significant boost in the tobacco industry in durham was only seen after the civil war ( “preservation durham “ , a short history of the bull city p2 ) . an increase in demand from all over the country attracted workers to the tobacco fields and increased population from one hundred in 1865 to two - thousand by 1880 ( “preservation durham “ , a short history of the bull city p2 ) . one clear example of how the growth of the tobacco industry helped the growth and development of the city itself is the case of the bull durham tobacco factory . this was initially a partnership between w . t . blackwell and ruffin green that took place in order to be able to fulfill the incessant orders for durham tobacco . needless to say , bull durham tobacco factory was not the only company at the time , and that is part of the reason why the tobacco industry basically ran durham .
in addition , any player hitting a home run in a park with a bull on the fence got a carton of tobacco .
parrish & blackwell , durham , n . c . , wholesale leaf tobacco dealers .
j . s . lockhart , dealer in leaf tobacco durham , n . c .
first tobacco warehouse opens in durham , making it an appealing base for more manufacturers .
- government should not act as a paternal body to control smoking . - smokers do not cost society money since they die sooner . - increased awareness about health and risk will lower the smoking rate and the smoking problem will take care of itself
the 20th century durham brand is encapsulated in the image below . advertising for the city was almost exclusively geared towards bull durham smoking tobacco . this was an extremely prosperous time for durham . the american tobacco company eventually dissolved in the late 20th century , leaving the area desolate with only empty , old buildings . in 2004 , the american tobacco campus reopened with office spaces , stores , and restaurants . from the start , american tobacco campus strove to bring in new opportunities while showcasing where the durham community came from .
i believe the old bull building was durham ' s first structure to be placed on the national register for historic places - in 1974 .
e . i . holmes & co . , manufacturers of pure and unadulterated smoking tobacco , asheville , n . c .
bull durham smoking tobacco was the most popular brand in the country , and its stature only increased during world war i , when it was included in the rations given to soldiers on the front lines , and in 1918 production was temporarily taken over by the us government to exclusively supply soldiers with tobacco .
the relatively better position of durham in the great depression was exemplified by the increases in employment and sales at the american tobacco in 1930 . the company slashed prices of bull durham ( bag ) tobacco , and the brand saw a resurgence in sales . the company employed 3500 people in 1931 , and produced 1 . 75 million cigarettes and 1 . 5 million pounds of smoking tobacco a month .
poster , british - american tobacco co . , ltd . , winner plug tobacco
[ advertisements for hundley tobacco orderer , oxford , n . c . and
durham recorder
, durham , n . c . ]
see what ' s happening in durham ' s american tobacco historic district . music , food , dpac , the durham bulls and more .
make both plug and smoking , with a trade confined principally to the southern states .
18 century . smoking confined to indoor places where men had leisure time to congregate .
old bull , the power plant , lucky strike , reed and hill - looking southwest , 1905 . ( courtesy duke manuscript collection / digital durham
some wood frame storage warehouses and the reams auction warehouse aside , old bull was the extent of the blackwell company prior to its absorption by union tobacco , then american tobacco .
all photos from durham public library historic photographic archives except contemporary photograph by american tobacco campus .
j . v . whitted tobacco c . engraving . 1895 . from handbook of durham .
kirk warren reflects on the impact tobacco companies had on the community when they left durham .
american tobacco company pursued bull - riding sponsorship for its bull durham cigarette brand in the early 1990s . bull durham was a discount cigarette targeted to low - income young men rather than to the typical older female purchasers of very low - priced cigarettes . bull - riding sponsorship was viewed as 1 way to establish the discount brand ' s personality , and plans were to “increase carton buying patterns” through sequential promotion of escalating purchase sizes , from 2 packs to a 5 - pack minicarton , progressing to a full carton . 40
the granulated
sitting bull
is known all over the united states , and upholds the reputation of durham as a manufacturing point for smoking tobacco . the stock for this factory is all bought on the durham market , and is exclusively the product of orange and adjacent counties . the marked characteristics of the tobacco of this immediate section are exemplified in all the manufactures of durham , and to a very large extent in
each policy improvement would result in a proportional decline in smoking prevalence . for example , a 10 % decline from a baseline of 20 % smoking prevalence would mean a 2 % absolute decline . the potential reductions in smoking prevalence for each policy type are in table
w . f . warren , durham city school superintendent . 1937 . from durham high school yearbook .
w . t . blackwell and company introduced production , packaging , and marketing techniques that made bull durham a part of american industrial history and folklore .
bull durham – carriages , wagons , farm inplements [ sic ] – thos . cusack ad – grand island , ne – featured fade , jerry heidelk
ox with tobacco hogshead . costume photo . ca . 1920 . old costume , dress - up photo shows man in boots , with shotgun , leading an ox hitched to a tobacco barrel used as a wheel . sign above advertises ' bull ' durham tobacco . photog : parnell
british - american tobacco co . , ltd . , winner plug tobacco [ poster ]
broadside , the mammoth tobacco co . , notice
winston ' s best
tobacco
action on smoking and health ( ash ) . ash briefing : uk tobacco control policy and expenditure . london : ash ; 2014 .
. will litigation become part of public health arsenal in canada ' s war against smoking .
, marlow m . smoking bans and their differential effects on restaurants , bars and taverns .
old bull is back in the fold ( along with the noell building ) . both are now part of american tobacco campus . work is set to resume on the top floors of old bull with new units coming on the market in 2014 .
duke & stokes , durham , n . c . , dealers in leaf tobacco & strips .
1895 engraving from
handbook of durham of w . t . blackwell and company tobacco factory .
15
metal circled bull head vintage wall decor hanging decoration for home / outside / . . .
new old stock . . still has protective plastic on front . vintage aaa sign company . black americana bull durham tabacco store advertising litho tin sign . 46x30cm
aerial view of durham . slightly closer than g148 . central and east durham . ccb at top center .
1860 : statistics : virginia and north carolina list 348 tobacco factories , virtually all producing chewing tobacco . only 6 list smoking tobacco as a side - product ( which is manufactured from scraps left over from plug production ) .
several studies have shown a link between tobacco sport sponsorship and increased smoking rates in children , 2 , 4 , 132 although none have focused specifically on rodeo sponsorship . for example , smoking rates among adolescents aged 13 to 17 years increased from 2 . 4 % to 11 . 1 % after viewing a 1996 cricket series in india that was sponsored by wills cigarettes . 132 tobacco sponsorship of sports increases smoking rates by creating a positive association between sports and smoking . 4 a 2006 literature review concluded that tobacco promotions that include brand name sport sponsorship increase rates of smoking initiation in a dose - dependent manner . 133
the mammoth tobacco co . , notice
winston ' s best
tobacco [ broadside ]
richard joshua reynolds builds the first tobacco factory in winston - salem , producing chewing tobacco .
jacobson , bobbie . beating the ladykillers : woman and smoking . london : pluto , 1986 .
search the web for the phrase “tobacco and baseball” and you’ll find an association that dates back almost to the beginning of the sport . in the late 1800s , tobacco companies debuted baseball cards in cigarette packs . by the early 1900s , bull durham was advertising its chewing tobacco product on outfield fences .
for years – nearly 100 years , it was hidden . last week , with the deconstruction of the old garage located at 602 main street , history unveiled itself in the form of a bull durham smoking tobacco advertisement which had been hand - painted on the west wall of what is now grumpy’s bar .
“history” . american tobacco . downtown durham’s entertainment district , jun 2010 . web . 15 mar 2011 .
, citing maplewood cemetery , durham , durham county , north carolina , usa ; maintained by find a grave .
aerial view of durham . central & east durham . ca . 1940 . ccb building is at top center .
robert venturi , the postmodern architect , said that while he was sympathetic to opponents of smoking , tobacco billboards could also be objects of beauty .
nagelhout ge , levy dt , blackman k , currie l , clancy l , willemsen mc . the effect of tobacco control policies on smoking prevalence and smoking - attributable deaths . findings from the netherlands simsmoke tobacco control policy simulation model . addict abingdon engl . 2012 ; 107 : 407–16 .
tobacco - bagging machine . cigarette mfg . plant . ca . 1910 . machine bagged tobacco in cloth bags and wrapped label around the outside of the bags . note table at left loaded with rows of filled bags . cartons in rear are printed woith label for bull durham tobacco . photographer : junius beard
since the bull durham signs were generally located near the area where relief pitchers warmed up prior to entering games , the word “bullpen” could have resulted from this association .
is the best place to shop local in durham , nc . we are the shopping hub of the bull city , connecting local businesses with the community . we offer
night letter ( telegram ) , w . t . blackwell & co . , bull durham ( with purchase of 25 # a box of
cork
soap )
union and confederate armies regularly traded tobacco for coffee and othergoods throughout the civil war , also without much preference for brand . the bull durham brand , though , grew out of an incident in durham , north carolina that occurred at the close of the war . soldiers from both sides raided a farmer ' s tobacco crop as they waited for a surrender to be completed . after returning home , these same soldiers wrote back asking for more of this tobacco . the farmer , mr . john green , happily obliged ; the tobacco was named bull durham in 1868 and later became the largest selling tobacco brand in the world .
union and confederate armies regularly traded tobacco for coffee and other goods throughout the civil war , also without much preference for brand . the bull durham brand , though , grew out of an incident in durham , north carolina that occurred at the close of the war . soldiers from both sides raided a farmer ' s tobacco crop as they waited for a surrender to be completed . after returning home , these same soldiers wrote back asking for more of this tobacco . the farmer , mr . john green , happily obliged ; the tobacco was named bull durham in 1868 and later became the largest selling tobacco brand in the world .
one of the most important aspects of bar promotions relates to the impact of social influence on product usage behaviour and brand selection . social influence theory suggests that individuals may conform to meet the expectations of a person or group . 39 research into reasons for smoking uptake among adolescents has shown that social influence , especially peer smoking and peer approval of smoking , are predictors of smoking behaviour . 40 although over 80 % of smokers begin to smoke before the age of 18 , there is still opportunity for young adults to be influenced to begin smoking or continue smoking once they have reached the age of majority . the bar environment presents an ideal social context for tobacco companies to focus on opinion leaders in order to influence smoking status and brand choice . 41– 43
union and confederate armies regularly traded tobacco for coffee and other goods throughout the civil war , also without much preference for brand . the bull durham brand , though , grew out of an incident in durham , north carolina that occurred at the close of the war . soldiers from both sides raided a farmer’s tobacco crop as they waited for a surrender to be completed . after returning home , these same soldiers wrote back asking for more of this tobacco . the farmer , mr . john green , happily obliged ; the tobacco was named bull durham in 1868 and later became the largest selling tobacco brand in the world . – duke university
occoneechee
- - and - -
tar heel
smoking tobaccos long cut and granulated .
mackinnon , kenneth , and laura owen . smoking in films—a review . london : hea , 1997 .
, sussman s , dent cw , burton d . moderators of peer social influence in adolescent smoking .
broadside , interstate tobacco - person - garrett co . - whitehead & anderson , inc . , border belt smoking leaf is best , 1947 may 26
broadside , interstate tobacco - person - garrett co . - whitehead & anderson , inc . , border belt smoking leaf is best , 1947 june 23
broadside , interstate tobacco - person - garrett co . - whitehead & anderson , inc . , border belt smoking leaf is best , 1947 july 8
reed h . the effects of increasing tobacco taxation : a cost benefit and public finances analysis . london : action on smoking & health ; 2010 .
by the early 20th century roll - your - own cigarettes had become widely available , with bull durham being the most popular brand . the annual report of the commissioner of indian affairs observed in 1903 that the sioux were very actively taking up the practice of smoking cigarettes :
this pictured machine bagged tobacco in cloth bags and wrapped labels around the outside of the bags . note the table at left loaded with rows of filled bags . cartons in the rear of the photograph are printed with the bull durham tobacco label . photographer : junius beard
to this day any request made by a white person is facilitated by tobacco . once the manager of ohewa kiva in zuni was willing to send out the bogey kachina because i asked for him with bull durham . 30
looking southwest , 1920s , at old bull , the hill warehouse , the old power plant , lucky strike , and reed . ( courtesy duke manuscript collection / digital durham
blackwell takes its name from william thomas blackwell , called
the father of durham
in hiram v . paul ' s 1884 town history . blackwell durham tobacco co . manufactured bull durham smoking tobacco in a factory at the southwest corner of blackwell and pettigrew streets . the street appears , unnamed , on the blount map of durham c . 1867 but bears blackwell ' s name on the city directory map of 1887 - by which time blackwell had sold his interest in the company and become a banker . taking over the tobacco business from partner j . r . green ( who coined the name
bull durham
) , blackwell and partners julian s . carr and james r . day built the company into an international business , the united states ' largest tobacco firm for a time in the 1870s .
thomas h . martin tobacco warehouse . engraving . 1895 . thomas martin , ' leaf tobacco broker , ' on morris street . from handbook of durham .
durham mayor william
bill
bell sits down with nbc17 today to explain the origins of durham ' s nickname .
the durham brand – i’d like to contemplate what makes the city of durham authentic and how the brand embodies that .
anti - smoking groups are not crying over the tobacco billboard ' s demise . such groups have long charged that cigarette makers carefully positioned outdoor advertisements near schools and playgrounds , and carpet - bombed minority neighborhoods with billboards because those areas had high smoking rates .
in 1899 , financial troubles forced mr . reynolds to sell two - thirds of his business to james
buck
duke ' s american tobacco co . for $ 3 million . under the purchase agreement , mr . reynolds continued to manage rjr , where , in 1907 , he introduced prince albert smoking tobacco , a blend that eventually challenged american tobacco ' s bull durham and duke ' s mixture , the national leaders .
duke university began as trinity college , moving to durham and eventually taking the
duke
name upon generous endowments by washington duke , a durham tobacco magnate and philanthropist .
broadside , interstate tobacco - person - garrett co . - whitehead & anderson , inc . , border belt smoking leaf is best , 1947 apr . 15
bright leaf tobacco became the most prized of all u . s . varieties , and durham was the epicenter of bright leaf country . by far the best - known brand of bright leaf was bull durham , the label of william t . blackwell & company . blackwell gained a long lead on the rest of the durham tobacco merchants , including the dukes , who did not establish their first true factory in durham until 1873 . the dukes chose to concentrate their energies on the manufacture and sale of tobacco rather than on raising the crop , which was notoriously erratic in quality and quantity . buying their leaf from local farmers , the dukes cured and then shred or compressed the tobacco to form , respectively , smoking or chewing tobacco . as cigarettes were hardly yet known , tobacco smoking was accomplished with a pipe or in cigars , the latter not being made by the dukes .
the bull durham tobacco advertisement still boasts the brilliant colors and appears much as it might have some 90 to 100 years ago . it was uncovered as a main street building was deconstructed over the course of a week and has become an immediate sensation in the community of ackley . ( inset ) a closer look at the head of the bull .
history of durham : biographical sketches
- - - - the father of durham , pp . 130 - 133 .
durham & southern railway . engine # 1140 . 1940 . engine with tender and crew aboard steams through durham rail yards .
hilton , matthew . smoking in british popular culture 1800–2000 . new york : manchester university press , 2000 .
brown t , platt s , amos a . equity impact of european individual - level smoking cessation interventions to reduce smoking in adults : a systematic review . eur j public health . 2014 ; 24 : 551–6 .
manufacturer of the world - renowned
sitting bull
durham smoking tobacco , a standard brand of granulated , made from the best and most highly flavored north carolina leaf . also of the original and genuine durham long cut , made from the best bright north carolina leaf , unsurpassed the world over in fragrance and flavor ; of which there are two grades , no . 1 and no . 2 .
smoking in the services came under attack in the 1980s . anti - smoking campaigns were ordered and by 1994 the pentagon banned smoking in the workplace . by 2002 the department of defense ( dod ) had fully implemented a 1997 executive order banning smoking in all government - owned , rented , and leased interior spaces . today , soldiers continue to smoke , chew , and dip while congress and dod are considering a potential ban on sales of tobacco products on military bases and ships .
s bull durham , and in 1881 he decided to enter the new and relatively small field of cigarettes . at the time , there were only four major producers of cigarettes in the
durham cotton & commonwealth cotton mfg . cos . 1895 . factories of the durham cotton mfg . co . and the commonwealth cotton mfg . co . engravings . from handbook of durham .
bright leaf tobacco became the most prized of all u . s . varieties , and durham was the epicenter of bright leaf country . by far the best - known brand of bright leaf was bull durham , the label of william t . blackwell & company . black - well gained a long lead on the rest of the durham tobacco merchants , including the dukes , who did not establish their first true factory in durham until 1873 . the dukes chose to concentrate their energies on the manufacture and sale of tobacco rather than on raising the crop , which was notoriously erratic in quality and quantity . buying their leaf from local farmers , the dukes would cure and then shred or compress the tobacco to form , respectively , smoking or chewing tobacco . as cigarettes were yet hardly known , tobacco smoking was accomplished with a pipe or in cigars , the latter not being made by the dukes .
the father and sons trio begin manufacturing their own brand of smoking tobacco called
pro bono publico
at their orange county ( now durham ) , nc farm . in 1866 , they manufacture 15 , 000 pounds of tobacco . the business grows quickly , and by 1872 they produce nearly 125 , 000 pounds of tobacco .
interstate tobacco . - person - garrett co . - whitehead & anderson , inc . , border belt smoking leaf is best [ broadside ] , 1947 april 15
interstate tobacco . - person - garrett co . - whitehead & anderson , inc . , border belt smoking leaf is best [ broadside ] , 1947 may 26
interstate tobacco . - person - garrett co . - whitehead & anderson , inc . , border belt smoking leaf is best [ broadside ] , 1947 june 23
interstate tobacco . - person - garrett co . - whitehead & anderson , inc . , border belt smoking leaf is best [ broadside ] , 1947 july 8
jha p , peto r . global effects of smoking , of quitting , and of taxing tobacco . n engl j med . 2014 ; 370 : 60–8 .
boyd , william kenneth , the story of durham , durham : duke university press , 1925 , pp . 71 - 73 .
first durham county courthouse . engraving . 1895 . located at se corner of church & main streets . from handbook of durham .
downtown durham . public service co . ca . 1920 . building housed offices of durham ' s electric company . photog : parnell
the second was a discussion with his friend jy whitted , who suggested that green should make use of the bull used by the coleman mustard company on their
durham mustard
containers .
superb , gary . as always . makes me proud to be moving in to old bull in a month or two .
with the absorption into the american tobacco trust , the manufacturing facility expanded dramatically . the original building became known as
old bull
in reference to its centrality in the old blackwell bull durham company . in 1903 , the
u
shaped factory became a squared
o ,
with the construction of a wing enclosing the south side of the building .
s machines were still in use in 1948 . carr won the rights to the invention for a royalty of ten cents for each 1 , 000 bags the company sold and established the golden belt manufacturing co . to produce them in the bull durham plant not only for the tobacco industry but also for manufacturers of sugar , salt , flour , meal , feedstuffs , and coins . the contract between golden belt and durham bull tobacco stated that high - quality cloth sacks of different sizes
greaves , lorraine smoke screen : women ' s smoking and social control . london : scarlet press , 1996 .
the total sales of the warehouses in durham during the season of 1880 are estimated at twelve million pounds , a large majority of which was farmer ' s tobacco sold from the wagons . a larger quantity of package tobacco than usual was received from other markets . the characteristic excellence of the higher grades of smoking tobacco has been maintained by
this company employs 500 hands ; has a capital stock of $ 4 , 000 , 000 and a manufacturing capacity of eight million pounds of smoking tobacco per annum .
don ' t let this bakery ' s cheery exterior fool you , boots bakery is serious about keeping things local . while renovating the space , the owners partially uncovered what is probably the best preserved ghost sign in spokane an advertisement for bull durham smoking tobacco painted by the firm of
billboard baron
thomas cusack . step inside and check it out .
1890 : dukes establish the american tobacco company , which will soon monopolize the entire us tobacco industry . atc will be dissolved in anti - trust action in 1911 . 1898 : controlling interest in blackwell was bought out by union tobacco co . , which promptly sold it to american . 1899 : l & m taken into duke ' s tobacco trust . duke has finally won bull durham brand of chew .
operations at the complex continued to wane over the course of the 1970s and 1980s . in 1987 , the american tobacco company shut down operations in durham and moved all remaining production to their plant in reidsville . the old bull building was abandoned .
brown cj . approval recommendation : bull durham bar sampling test . american tobacco company . december 16 , 1991 . access date : november 1 , 2001 . bates no . atx040204083 - 4086 . url : urltoken . quoted on p . atx040204083 .
brown c . approval recommendation : bull durham bar sampling test . american tobacco company . december 16 , 1991 . access date : november 1 , 2001 . bates no . atx040204083 - 4086 . url : urltoken . quoted on p . atx040204083 .
e . c . valendra , “national coexistence is our bull durham : revisiting ‘the indian today , ’” american studies 46 , no . 3 / 4 ( 2005–2006 ) : 59–76 , 68 .
durham county library - 300 n . roxboro street - durham , north carolina 27701 - 919 . 560 . 0100 email the library webmaster
is that
hoster ' s beer
advertised across from old bull ? my other thought was
fowler ' s
.
looking west down vivian st . at the old power plant and the east side of old bull . ( courtesy robby delius )
by the late 1950s , the old power plant / machine shop / smokestack , to the south of old bull were demolished .
out of curiosity , i went looking for other bull durham ads from around the same period . seems most of their ads showed only a bull , or baseball stars of the time . but here are a couple that show people using the product ; note how people of different races are depicted : native americans urltoken caucasians urltoken
in 1987 , the american tobacco company shut down operations in durham and moved all remaining production to their plant in reidsville .


web dynpro ( wd ) is a proprietary web application technology developed by sap se that focuses on the development of server-side business applications .

one of its main design features is that the user interface is defined in an entirely declarative manner .

web dynpro applications can be developed using either a java ( web dynpro for java , wdj or wd4j ) or abap ( web dynpro abap , wda or wd4a ) flavor .

the earliest version of web dynpro appeared in 2003 and was based on java .

this variant was released approximately 18 months before the abap variant .

the java variant of web dynpro experienced limited commercial success , and as of 2010 , has been placed in maintenance .

this means that the existing product is supported to the extent that any bugs are fixed ; however , no new functionality will be added .

sap 's development effort is now focused on the abap variant of web dynpro .

wd follows a design architecture based on an interpretation of the mvc design pattern and uses a model driven development approach ( " minimize coding , maximize design " ) .

the web dynpro framework is a server-side runtime environment into which many dedicated " hook methods " are available .

the developer then places their own custom coding within these hook methods in order to implement the desired business functionality .

these hook methods belong to one of the broad categories of either " life-cycle " and " round-trip " ; that is , those methods that are concerned with the life-cycle of a software component ( i.e. processing that takes place at start up and shut down etc. ) , and those methods that are concerned with processing the fixed sequence of events that take place during a client-initiated round trip to the server .

webdyn pro is aimed at the development of business applications that follow standardized ui principles , applications that connect to backend systems and which are scalable .

web dynpro

web dynpro is also easily integrates existing classes , this component re - use truly makes web dynpro worthwhile in any sector .
web dynpro is aimed at supporting structured development . by using web dynpro components as software modularization units , we can build complex applications by combining these components .
developers first need to find the correct url of their web dynpro java application .
gellert u . , cristea a . d . ( 2013 ) web dynpro mind map . in : web dynpro abap for practitioners . springer , berlin , heidelberg
the main advantages of web dynpro lay in its ability to quickly create standardized web - based applications quickly . the diverse access to backend data and applications is another great advantage to web dynpro . remote function calls , jee and web service access are all supported . web dynpro uses a simple context mapping and data binding features to allow easy access to backend data .
this chapter presents through an example the way we can use the web dynpro application parameters and shared objects to communicate between a web dynpro abap application and a bsp ( business server pages ) application . first of all , we will create a very simple bsp application that will communicate with a web dynpro application using the web dynpro application parameters . at the end of the present chapter , we will use the shared objects to create the communication between a web dynpro abap application and a bsp application .
gellert u . , cristea a . d . ( 2013 ) communication between web dynpro abap and bsp using application parameters and shared objects . in : web dynpro abap for practitioners . springer , berlin , heidelberg
developers getting a “sorry , your browser / program is not supported by web dynpro ! ” message while working with ie will be able to run their web dynpro java applications on ie 9 / 10 / 11 .
web dynpro is the new ui technology on sap netweaver platform and is planned to replace the classic sap gui technology in the long - term . this presentation is useful for the newbies and sap professionals having no experience with web dynpro technology . source : urltoken
eb dynpro is a revolutionary web application ui technology developed by sap , and exists in abap and java . because web dynpro is continuously updated in both these languages ( abap and java ) , choosing one over the other depends more on business requirements , and less on which one is the superior technology .
the integrated platform sap netweaver is a platform that offers support in realizing web bussiness applications that use the model view controller ( mvc ) concept . the multilinguality being a property of this platform . the purpose of this article is to highlight the modality to internationalize a web dynpro abap project the techniquesused for the internationalization of a web dynpro abap . . . [ show full abstract ]
developers getting a “sorry , your browser / program is not supported by web dynpro ! ” message and not able to see their developments running in the browser .
current version of uft 12 . 01 supports ; jdk 1 . 8 , hyper v and xendesktop 7 ( technology preview level ) , sap web dynpro abap for netweaver 7 . 40 , and prolonged internet explorer support for sap web ui .
web dynpro facilitates multi - channel access and can be accessed from a variety of devices and uses simple easily adjusted navigation ; this is a very important feature for collaboration .
with sap ' s sapui5 javascript toolkit , developers can build sap web applications using html5 web development standards , according to business intelligence expert ethan jewett .
the sapui5 toolkit can replace previous technologies , such as web dynpro .
nowadays , we might decide to use sapui5 combined with something on the back end that serves a web service like sap ' s netweaver gateway platform ,
jewett says in the video .
it is usually said that the two sap frameworks ( web dynpro abap and web dynpro java ) used to develop “state of the art” web business applications have more or less the same functionalities . the purpose of the present paper is to present the main differences and similarities between these two sap frameworks , highlighting , in the same time , the premises of using wd abap or wd java . in the same . . . [ show full abstract ]
it has been noticed that sap webdynpro java usually does not support latest versions of microsoft internet explorer . this document will help you run your sap web dynpro java applications quickly on ie 9 / 10 / 11 even after getting “sorry , your browser / program is not supported by web dynpro ! ” message . you will be able to fix the problem temporarily and permanently as well .
in pam you can find the required sp level of your server to support web dynpro application to run on ie 9 . based on this required level you can upgrade you server to resolve this issue .
as i mentioned above , fiori has definitely improved the experience of using sap applications . let’s take a look at the advantages offered by fiori’s applications against the standard ones ( web dynpro etc . ) –
with the configuration files ( xml ) the user interface can be adapted in various ways . it is for instance possible to have certain specific tasks to be handled via web dynpro abap , others via java web dynpro , and others with specific buttons on the uwl screen . there is also the ability to see in finished workflow tasks and filters may be used to group certain tasks in particular tabs in the uwl .
a cloud of faq : a highly - precise faq retrieval system for the web 2 . 0
the main focus of this chapter is the presentation of the mind map created on the basis of the elements described in this book . it can be of a real help in summarizing the knowledge , facilitating the learning of the web dynpro .
suitable for various infrastructure options . nwbc or portal , but also stand alone in a web browser is possible
web dynpro is founded on a simple principle :
minimize coding , maximize design
helping sap developers focus more on the visual aspects of web - based applications than on repetitive coding tasks . with the use of the model - view - controller ( mvc ) paradigm , sap lets us separate the business logic and presentation ( or visual ) aspects of our applications and link them together using controllers .
note : http : / / < hostname > : < port > / webdynpro / resources / sap . com / tc ~ wd ~ dispwda / global / noclient . htm is definitely not the url of your web dynpro java and is actually the static url of the error page .
qtp only support gui testing to test the functionalities of windows and web applications , but uft support gui and api testing both .
for full functionality of researchgate it is necessary to enable javascript . here are the instructions how to enable javascript in your web browser .
in case you want to find the url from some other desktop not having nwds installed on it , run the application on some other desktop by going to server homepage - > web dynpro tools - > deployed content - > < search your project > - > applications - > < application name > - > run .
shaan parvaze ( lockheed martin ) is an sap consultant who has been working in and around abap / web - based technologies for over 10 years .
the powl workflow inbox can be incorporated into the sap enterprise portal , but can also be called from the sap netweaver business client ( nwbc ) . since the powl inbox is based on web dynpro abap technology , the powl inbox can even be invoked in a separate browser if you do not have access to the sap enterprise portal or the netweaver business client ( nwbc ) .
writing a web dynpro abap application may be a job , but it can also be a craft—and in this book , you have the tool you need to become a master . start with the basics , jump right into advanced concepts , or flip straight to workbooks so you can apply your knowledge to real - life exercises . whatever your wda goal may be , this book will get you there .
– not many sap apps can boast of providing the end user with the ability to personalize their homepage . personalization basically means empowering the user with the control of what they see and how they see . the user can personalize the layout of the home page by rearranging tiles or can add , delete , rename , and reordering groups that too without having to go through hoops . web dynpro , gui jealous ?
uft is available for . net , stingray 1 , terminal emulator , oracle , siebel , peoplesoft , delphi , flex , power builder , windows mobile , web services , wpf , sap , web , java ( core and advanced ) , visualage smalltalk , silverlight and mainframe terminal emulators , these all technologies depends on which uft version you are using .
html5 is a set of standards around browser - based technologies [ like ] javascript html and css , [ otherwise known as ] cascading style sheets ,
jewett says .
sapui5 is a library that combines all of those things into a toolkit for building actual web applications . sapui5 … is a higher - level framework for building web applications on the sap platform .
this paper proposes a comparative study for the web business applications realised on the netweaver platform of the integrated system sap ( system application products in data processing ) . the underlying level of this platform is the application level and contains an abap ( advanced business application language ) server for achieving web business applications . for the comparative analysis , the . . . [ show full abstract ]
– if you were to implement fiori alongside other sap out - of - the - box solutions , both of which are expected to be accessed via the same entry point ( portal ) , then it leads to a user experienced that is not harmonized . when the fluidity of the fiori gives way to the rigidity of web dynpro , then the premise of a smoother user experience gives way to a jagged one . consuming only fiori apps through a separate entry point ( gateway ) and all other sap apps through the portal is another option but that might leave us with a confused and frustrated user – the last thing we need when talking about elevating user experience . if a chain is only as strong as its weakest link then ux is no different . which essentially means that the end user’s experience of using a fiori app might only be as good as that of using a web dynpro application .
this article presents an easy study technique , based on a complex and modern informational technology , the web programming on integrated systems , in particular web dynpro java . the project developed for this learning technique is realised in mind map and combines an assembly of utilities , from the transparent presentation of complex concepts to comparative studies and tests used to verify the knowledge , all these being based on a rich collection of applications . using this learning technique , it is possible to receive either an assembly image on the technology , or to deeply get into the subtlest details . © 2009 wiley periodicals , inc . comput appl eng educ 19 : 201–207 , 2011
this work is presenting a study performed towards the web programming on integrated system , emphasizing the facilities offered by the sap integrated system ' s environment . because the architecture of the sap netweaver application server system is a three - tier architecture , it ' s possible to develop web business applications of abap ( advanced business application programming ) and / or java type . . . . [ show full abstract ]
since ecc6 . 0 enhancement pack 5 ( ehp5 ) the powl lean workflow inbox is available as an alternative to the universal worklist , or sap business workplace . powl stands for
personal object worklist
and is based on web dynpro abap technology . this technology combines the best of both worlds ( sbwp and uwl ) in a generic inbox . the powl inbox is , for example , suitable for the display of workflow tasks from different backend systems . in addition , it offers the greatest possibilities that you have at your disposal in the sbwp , such as setting substitutes .
earlier with qtp version , the web service add - in was supporting certain api testing in the form of the standalone service test application . but now , uft has integrated it into a common ide is a great place to visualize and understand api testing process that are helpful in testing headless application ( application without user interface ) . headless applications like ; jms , databases and web services are not supported by the api testing toolbox . uft fully supports c # coding to test the applications .
the company ' s sap fiori line of web - based apps , which have a device - agnostic user interface , have all been built on sapui5 , according to jewett . there is also an open source version of sapui5 , called openui5 , on github .
a not - for - profit organization , ieee is the world ' s largest technical professional organization dedicated to advancing technology for the benefit of humanity . © copyright 2018 ieee - all rights reserved . use of this web site signifies your agreement to the terms and conditions .
less flexible due to requirement that interface be made up of wd ui elements ( i . e . custom html is not possible ) . to reduce the limitations , several measures have been taken . for example , wd supports so - called
islands
for e . g . flash applications that enrich the web dynpro ui element collection by rich ui elements . this disadvantage doesn ' t seem so serious but in fact basic features that a user would expect cannot be implemented , e . g . coloured rows in a table , colors in general , advanced alignment of simple ui elements ( due to nonexistence of more complicated ones ) , selecting multiple rows in tree - like tables ( this is due to preserving basic concept of wd ) and many more . utilizing such an island requires the developer to forego wd ui elements within .
nowadays the internet plays an important role in a promotion campaign . valorising some products and services through the internet may be performed by choosing an appropriate web technology . due to the fact that in many small and middle - sized enterprises erp ( entreprise resources planning ) systems sap integrated are implemented , we have been preoccupied by the way in which tri - dimensional . . . [ show full abstract ]
the unified inbox is based on sapui5 technology and can actually be called the forerunner of sap fiori workflow applications that have been released more recently . the unified inbox is not optimized for mobile use , but by using the sapui5 / html5 technology it ' s already a step in the right direction to support multiple platforms and devices . the unified inbox can be incorporated into the sap enterprise portal , sap netweaver business client ( nwbc ) , sap fiori launchpad and also runs standalone in a web browser .
uft flex add - in is required to test flex applications or objects from its interface successfully . this add - in faces problems in case of accessing uft flex agent and finding flex based web applications , to come out of these problems you have to compile a flex application with a uft flex pre - compiled agent which is not necessary for qt applications . to run qt applications in uft , no any additional process is required ; simply work for qt applications as like other supported applications by uft .
as already mentioned , the sap business workplace ( sbwp ) is the default option to handle sap workflow tasks . sap business workplace
runs
in the sap gui and is not accessible via web browsers or mobile devices . since the release of sap workflow in 1996 the sap business workplace has changed slightly , but generally it currently embraces the same functionality as 20 years ago . despite its
old age
, the functionalities offered in the sap business workplace have been used as the basis for all the new technologies that have been deployed to date in order to process sap workflow tasks .
– by implementing a superior product like fiori , we , in the process , happen to improve the end users’ taste and experience of consuming enterprise - grade applications . since fiori delivers only the most commonly used business applications in html5 , it , most likely , will not account for replacing all the sap web applications in your landscape – at least not in the immediate future . with a blend of html5 and other sap - proprietary ui technologies to work with , the users will always tend to lean towards getting everything on html5 because of all the advantages listed above . thus , managing the rising expectations of the end users spawns into an ongoing challenge of converting and maintaining all applications in html5 . also without the visibility of the fiori’s future roadmap , quelling those ux pangs is no easy task . an unhappy user is a death knell for any new ux improvements if the original ask is not met .
– fiori is marketed as and also technically is a web - responsive solution which means that it can be accessed seamlessly over a mobile as well as desktop . however from a ux standpoint it may qualify more as a mobile - only solution . i say that because a fiori launchpad as an entry point could not potentially replace the breadth of the portal’s potential . a portal can be used in multiple flavors – enterprise , knowledge , communications etc . , which fiori’s launchpad will always fall short of directly replacing . integrating fiori and other sap apps on the portal ( even from its new fiori framework page ) will lead us back to the harmonization problem that we discussed above . however , if the fiori landscape is to be made available only to the mobile world then for the end user it becomes easier to come to terms with the fact that only a few but important applications are available over mobile . so , is it mobile - first or mobile - only ?
tested for 7 . 01 but applies to other versions ( till 7 . 4 ) as well .
sap has added support for all browsers and new versions of internet explorer eventually in higher versions and service packs . please visit the following links to visit the product availability matrix ( pam ) to plan upgrades with the sap basis team . please note that you need sap marketplace ( smp ) credentials to access the following links .
run the application on some browser e . g . mozilla firefox or google chrome
now put the url found in step 1 in the browser and hit the enter button . developers should be able to see their applications running fine in the ie 9 browser .
thanks edson , your appreciation fulfilled the purpose of my writing the article ! i am happy to know that it solved your problem .
this is a good workaround , but it’s not a fix . does anyone have a fix for this issue ?
the steps presented here are definitely just a workaround and idealy the netweaver application server should be upgraded to a version where the browser is supported .
you have to be on the correct product version and sps level . please see this
not only do we support newer versions of internet explorer , but we are also supporting google chrome and safari .
you are right , the link is to the note itself , so you need to be logged into the service market place with your user id ( for example , s or c user id ) . or , once you log into
no search term specified . showing recent items . search or use up and down arrow keys to select an item .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 frameset / / en
urltoken
{ { settings . item _ feature _ heading _ desc } } { { data . item . title } }
{ { blogentry . item . date _ published } } via { { blogentry . item . platform } }
{ { settings . item _ relation _ heading _ desc } } { { data . item . title } }
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 1 / / en
urltoken
are you aware that we have started tutorials on workflow ? for more details , click here .
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784 pages , hardcover , 2 in . including a download with complete source code . reference book format 6 . 9 x 9 in . printed black and white on 60 # offset paper from sustainable sources . casebound for durability . reader - friendly serif font ( linotype syntax 9 . 5 pt . ) . one - column layout .
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move through the whole world of wda at your own pace . whether you’re starting from the ground level or building on existing knowledge , you’ll find everything you need .
learn about all aspects of the wda programming model : controllers , contexts , windows , views , ui elements , and more .
dive into focused discussions of concepts like the floorplan manager , wda integration , security , and performance tuning .
test your knowledge with developer workbooks that ask you to accomplish specific tasks as part of developing a real - life wda application .
there’s never been a better time to begin learning how to work with wda technology .
james wood is the founder and principal consultant of bowdark consulting , inc . , a consulting firm specializing in technology and custom development in the sap landscape .
data source - agnostic , client - side sap applications . first review basic html5 and css3 ,
there ' s more to abap than procedural programming . if you ' re ready to leap into the world of object - oriented programming ( oop )
one resource . all of your sap business workflow needs . reorganized and fine - tuned , the third edition of this guide is
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archived discussions are read - only . learn more about sap q & a ;
after upgrading to sp17 , there is a warning message that says that local projects are for demo and test purposes only .
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some bundled ui elements are reproductions of standard html elements ( e . g . drop - down menus ) and do not gracefully degrade
html generated by wd is neither semantic nor readily readable : many ui layout elements are combinations of deeply nested tables , divs , and spans . for example , rather than utilizing a fieldset ( two elements including legend ) for the group ui element , wd recreates it with two spans surrounding a two row table with further spans , a div , and a wbr for a total of 13 elements .
tasks of adolescence is to achieve an identitynot necessarily a knowledge of who we are , but a clarification of the range of what we might become , a set of self - references by which we can make sense of our responses , and justify our decisions and goals .
applications can be built using sapui5 that connect to any type of back - end system ( or that just run in the browser and don ' t connect to any back - end system at all ) . however , the original goal of sapui5 ( and still one of the main goals ) was to develop an application framework for use in sap environments , according to jewett .
some people in the community are using that to build [ sap ] applications as well ,
jewett says .
ethan jewett is an independent consultant and sap mentor . he focuses on business intelligence , information management and performance management , and works with clients on data management and performance management tools . for more information , check out his blog .
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when the concept of fiori was first announced by sap , it was recognized more as a package of 25 html5 applications ( wave 1 ) that was available at a price outside of what you already pay to sap . it wasn’t embraced by the sap community ( clients , service implementors et al . ) until sapphire 2014 in which it was announced that fiori will be available free with your existing sap license . that move opened the floodgates for its adoption which led to many companies implementing it and , in the process , realizing the impact of user experience on business – gain in productivity , increase in user adoption , decrease in support issues and savings in training cost . today , fiori is not just a package of html5 - based sap applications – it is the new user experience ( ux ) for sap software , and has been marketed as such by sap itself . it is the face of sap’s ux strategy and is the core pillar of its ‘renew’ segment . but how does it fit into your sap landscape – is it a cure for all your sap ux problems or a band - aid solution to satisfy the growing needs of your enterprise . in this post , i will try to evaluate fiori’s ux component holistically but more from a strategic standpoint ( and not from a technical one ) . also , evaluating the apps themselves – how good the fiori’s design patterns are or where affordances of certain ui elements fall short , is something that i will cover in another blog . these are purely my opinions so if you agree with me or share another opinion then feel free to post those in the comments section .
– fiori apps are responsive which means that they are able to provide a seamlessly experience regardless of the device ( desktop , tablet , mobile ) that they are consumed on . traditionally , when it comes to consuming applications on devices , sap’s software has been sensitive to a number of factors including the device itself , its os , browsers etc . but fiori’s responsive design is a significant overhaul in those terms . no longer one has to wait to get in front of the computer for submitting a leave request or to track sales orders . all you need is a device , yeah any device and you can get your job done .
for those who were expecting fiori to be - “ok ( google ) sap ! submit my timesheet” - kinda responsive then that is a little too ambitious at this point but could very well be another feature in the future .
the term user experience or ux is used so routinely these days that sometimes we tend to undermine the presence of the u in ux . it stands for the ( end ) user of the system / application and addressing the ux is about improving the experience of that system for that user . fiori does that to the tee . classical sap was very transaction - oriented but fiori is user - centric and goal - oriented – a huge improvement over its gui counterpart .
” – amelia barr . fiori is no exception . the simple and minimalistic design paves way for a delightful experience . the apps make essential functions obvious and easy to use . this simplicity results in lowering training costs and in an expedited concept - to - completion cycle thus contributing to the app’s adoption . in terms of analogy , transitioning from the sap gui to a fiori application is like operating an airplane in manual - mode to just hitting a launch button from the ground to make it fly .
“design is not just what it looks like and feels like . design is how it works . ” – steve jobs . fiori , take a bow ! ! !
now that we have gone over what fiori’s benefits and drawbacks are , let’s get back to our original question . as we all know , every sap landscape is different so there really cannot be a ‘one size fits all’ ux strategy . sap fiori is definitely a huge step forward in terms of consuming sap applications and will continue to make headway in that direction . is that a panacea for all your ux woes ? – that depends on multiple factors including your landscape and your business requirements .
another informative blog prath . thanks . portal is definitely catering whole diverse population of users , but fiori will gives an additional avenue for them and more over it is mostly depicted as mobile only solution . also inevitable factor of complex landscapes leads to important hurdle on this adoption .
thanks for your comments . everyone is pretty keen on adopting fiori because of the advantages that it offers . however , for the companies that have a matured ux practice , fiori’s adoption will probably go through a vetting process to see if it fits well into their landscape as - is or if any modifications need to be made .
agile asap information architecture interaction design sap fiori sap user experience sap ux sap ux explorer sap ux strategy ui design user experience ux design ux process ux requirement gathering ux research ux validation ux vs . ui visual design
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means we are writing very few of lines of code ( logic only ) . framework and at design time remaining code will generate automatically .
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. . . visualization also helps solving highly complex problems ( vessey , 1991 ) , and discovering data structures and patterns to relieve the information overload ( card et al . , 1999 ) . many successful industry applications of information visualization have been reported in the literature regarding both strategic management ( eppler & platts , 2009 ; pike et al . , 2005 ) and other levels of planning ( cristea et al . , 2009 ; whyte , 2008 ; navarro , 2008 ; jones et al . , 2001 ) . platts and tan ( 2004 ) explained how to use visualization to support strategic decision making . . . .
. . . mind maps , concept maps , and knowledge maps , are the most employed mapping structures to the purpose . mind maps [ 28 , 3 , 11 ] support collaborative brainstorming with and organized visual structure . in that structure , each key concept is located at the middle of the page . . . .
technological trends inspire restructuring of higher engineering education in the direction of improving competences of graduates . best project is focused on converging wbc engineering higher educa…
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the minimization of coding is achieved with predefined blocks of code performing most of the standard functions ; this declarative approach simplifies most standard tasks exponentially .
since the introduction of sap workflow in 1996 there have been introduced quite some alternatives to handle workflow tasks besides the standard sap business workplace ( sbwp ) . for example , already more than 10 years , the universal worklist ( uwl ) can be used to handle workflow tasks in the sap enterprise portal .
in the recent years there have been introduced more alternatives next to the above two
settled technologies
which may provide a better user experience for specific user groups . the latest example is the sap fiori applications and the possibilities that come with it . this not only brings the user experience to a higher level , it also offers more possibilities to handle workflow tasks . example of the latter for instance , it provides your users mobile access to their workflow tasks . the latest improvement in the workflow area within the sap fiori spectrum is called the
my inbox
application . this standard sap fiori application was released in january 2015 about which sap stated that this is the future way of working for handling sap workflow tasks .
all sap workflow inbox alternatives are described in this article . we ' ll mention the main features , advantages and disadvantages of each option . we also compare the alternatives on the main features . in that way you can get a clear picture on when to use which workflow alternative .
the universal worklist ( uwl ) is the inbox for workflow tasks when the sap enterprise portal is being used . it runs out - of - the - box and provides occasional users of sap workflow a better user experience than the sap business workplace . the degree of flexibility and to which the uwl can be extended is rather high . it is possible to display tasks from multiple systems into a universal inbox : the universal worklist . also , sap netweaver bpm tasks and workflow tasks from non - sap systems can be incorporated into the uwl .
thanks to the technology associated with powl applications , the powl inbox is very flexible to the extent that it can be configured and personalized . additional options such as the default forward and representation functionality can be added . also , additional queries can be defined for the powl inbox . in addition , the powl inbox adds some standard queries for mss scenarios such as approving leave requests .
the unified inbox is the first sap workflow inbox that is developed with more recent user interface technologies . the unified inbox is based on html5 and therefore has a more modern look and feel compared to the previous alternatives . the unified inbox is like the uwl ideal for collecting workflow tasks from multiple systems . whether it are the traditional sap backend systems such as ecc , srm and crm , or it are sap netweaver bpm systems . in addition , unified inbox also has the ability to visualize tasks from non - sap systems .
the standard fiori
my inbox
app is the latest development in the field of sap workflow inboxes and has been available since january 2015 . the my inbox app is the successor to the standard sap fiori
approve request
app and the
unified inbox
. my inbox has basically the same functionality as the unified inbox , but is now released as and integrated into an sap fiori application . one of the major advantages of this fiori sap application against the unified inbox is that the tasks can be handled by different devices : both desktop , tablet and mobile are supported . this is obviously one of the key features of sap fiori . important to mention is that the my inbox sap application positioned as the new sap workflow inbox of the future .
the my inbox app is fully integrated into the sap fiori launchpad application and is configurable and extensible on various components . some important features that are present in the my inbox app :
in addition , sap fiori is positioned as the new user interface technology from sap and that is reflected completely by the release of the my inbox app . the recent launch of s4hana ( the successor of sap erp ) reiterates the position of sap fiori within the sap landscape ; the user interface of s4hana is completely based on sap fiori .
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hp uft ( unified functional testing ) tool is an automation functional testing tool , currently available in version 12 . 01 ( from july 2014 ) . its supported features motivate developers and testers to develop and deliver bug free quality software to meet the business needs . due to its excellent features , hp uft software and uft professionals both are always in demand .
we have complete qtp tutorial series of 25 + in - depth tutorials . please check here .
it is not a new product of hp , an old product “qtp” quicktest professional with new and advance features . initially , qtp was written by mercury interactive and released the first version 5 . 5 in 2001 , later on developed by hewlett packard ( hp ) in 2006 . in 2012 , hp renewed qtp with the new name uft ; during renewal hp’s uft version was 11 . 50 .
the name “unified” reveals that utf is an advanced and combined “gui and api ( service ) ” testing tool , strongly test the functionalities of the front - end and back - end of the software application . hp said that the new released of uft 12 . 01 provides better documentation support as compare to uft 12 . 0 .
also , uft supports bpt ( business process testing ) is a component - based testing framework provides strong and efficient platform to test complete business process manually and automatically , combines manual and automation tests with less duplication and its component reusability feature makes the testing process fast . enable structured automated testing .
qtp / uft uses vb script as a scripting language , this is only a language fully supported by ide ( integrated development environment ) of qtp / uft . ide is a user interface of qtp / uft . apart from vb script , it also supports java script and windows shell script . using vb script , user can take the advantages of object oriented programming concepts , but not polymorphism and inheritance .
although , i mentioned above uft is a latest version of qtp with many new features are the advanced solution for functional and regression testing .
people who are using qtp for past some years and are very friendly with it , every day they test many functionalities of the software application to find and release bugs , during testing process they use many other tools with qtp to provide bug free quality software . then after releasing uft , definitely a question comes in mind that why to go for uft , how uft is advanced than qtp , how we can test the software application in better manner using uft new features ? here is the solution of your all questions ,
uft ( unified functional testing ) name reveals that is a combination of “hp quicktest professional” and “hp service test” , means ; uft software package includes all features of qtp and service test both . this integrated hp unified functional testing package facilitates developers and testers to test three layers of the software applications ; the interface layer , the service layer and database layer .
uft runs on all main browsers that user uses regularly for their daily task , like ; internet explorer v6 - v11 , firefox v3 . 0 – v31 ( uses appropriate patches and service packs ) , google chrome v12 – v35 , and apple safari ( on remote mac pc ) v6 , v6 . 10 , v7 . 00 , but qtp basically runs on internet explorer , google chrome till v36 , and firefox browsers , but not on apple safari depends on patches and service packs used .
using apple safari browser , uft runs the test on remote mac pc efficiently due to secure communication between the uft pc and the mac pc , detect the browser object during test to take the snapshot .
utf runs on os : windows xp / vista / 2003 / 7 / 8 / 8 . 1 and windows server 2008 / windows server 2012 r2
qtp welcome page : welcome page of qtp is little bit different than uft , in terms of color , design , text style , and content of the page . in the welcome page , qtp provides process guidance list ( keyword - driven testing , application areas , and business components ) and many tools icons to test the applications as per the requirement . also , displays files which you have already opened earlier for work purpose and an option to hide the welcome page .
uft welcome page : as , i have already explained that uft is little bit different than qtp , in terms of color , design , text style , and content of the page . in the welcome page , uft displays links to open and create a new test file , also many tools to support and maintain that particular file .
although , uft installation package is smaller than all previous versions ; installation process has become very faster and secure , also it takes very less time during installation . additionally , uft provides option to install add - in for alm and the run result viewer with the installation package , installation process can be in any supported language by uft ; no need to install a separate language pack . during installation , it installs and configures all necessary software , tools and add - ins required to run uft . securely install the package without disabling the user account control ( uac ) for your pc .
uft v11 . 5 : qtp has distinct options for functional testing ; one for gui testing and another for non - gui using api service test .
but , unified functional testing ( uft ) is a combination of both products ( gui and api ) and its features and displays in one common user interface . initially to test the application , user can choose any one of the option “gui or api ( service test ) ” from the “start page” as per the requirement .
uft v12 . 0 : in addition to gui and api testing , uft 12 . 0 also provides option for business process testing , all together in one common user interface .
the new version of qtp is supporting two new add - ins : “flex” and “qt” , these add - ins facilitate users to test gui part of flex and qt applications .
the canvas of uft is basically a test flow pane displays all actions ( all the functions of the test scripts ) happens during testing process in graphical form . as per the requirement of the test , you can drag and drop all the actions up and down . you can run , debug , call the existing action or new one .
insight recording ; one of the best and easy image ( objects ) reorganization technique than other techniques , makes recording easier by providing recording toolbar . it recognizes those objects and applications that uft can’t do ever using simple techniques , also helpful in recognizing applications run on remote system .
old qtp had less debugging features as compare to new one ( uft ) . during the test of an application , debugging becomes an important process of an automation tool . due to its importance , has been improved in the latest version of qtp .
call stack – facilitates to see all methods and functions that are presently available in the call stack .