obesity in canada is a growing health concern , which is " expected to surpass smoking as the leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality … and represents a burden of can $ 3.96 ( us$ 3.04 / € 2.75 ) billion on the canadian economy each year . "

obesity in canada

tjepkema m ( 2006 ) adult obesity . toronto , canada : statistics canada 9–25 p .
obesity rates among children and youth in canada have nearly tripled in the last 30 years .
significant increases in self - reported obesity in canada have also been reported between 2003 and 2008 .
( 17 ) health canada , “ the government of canada reaffirms its commitment to combat canada’s rising obesity levels , ” news release , 6 july 2005 .
variance partition and specific - level change in variance in the usa and canada .
birmingham cl , muller jl , palepu a , et al . the cost of obesity in canada .
the obesity in canada report is a joint partnership between the public health agency of canada ( phac ) and canadian institute for health information ( cihi ) .
obesity rates in canada have tripled between 1985 and 2011 , according to a study from memorial university in st . john ' s .
obesity , childless rates high among sask . adults , stats canada says | ctv regina news
legislative approaches , together with environmental modifications , can be an effective means of reversing the growing problem of obesity in canada .
there was a 350 per cent increase in obesity class 2 and a 433 per cent increase in obesity class 3 overall .
this paper provides information on the phenomenon of overweight and obesity in canada in terms of measurement , prevalence , causes , health implications and economic burden .
gorber sc , tremblay ms ( 2009 ) the bias in self - reported obesity from 1976 to 2005 : a canada - us comparison . obesity 18 : 354–361 .
bmi by income and education for women and men in the usa and canada , 2009 .
( 8 ) michael tjepkema , adult obesity in canada : measured height and weight , statistics canada , 2005 , and margot shields , overweight canadian children and adolescents , statistics canada , 2005 . note that the results presented in tjepkema ( 2005 ) are for adults ages 18 and over .
the cost in health care spending , and in lost productivity due to obesity , is estimated to be between $ 4 . 6 billion and $ 7 . 1 billion in canada annually .
canada is facing an obesity epidemic , with a substantial and rising prevalence of overweight and obese adults and children .
across canada , adult obesity rates vary from 5 . 3 % in richmond , bc to 35 . 9 % in the mamawetan / keewatin / athabasca region of sk .
in 2007 / 08 self - reported obesity in canada varied across provinces and territories , from a low of 12 . 8 % in british columbia to a high of 25 . 4 % in newfoundland and labrador ( figure 4 ) . estimates of obesity in 2007 / 08 were found to be significantly higher than in 2005 in canada overall as well as in alberta and ontario , and significantly higher in 2005 than 2003 in newfoundland and labrador ( figure 4 ) . because of sample size limitations for measured obesity , calculations of obesity by province and health region were based on self - reported data .
legislative approaches could be implemented in canada at three levels — government , corporate and school / youth .
bmi range by income and education category for women and men in the usa and canada , 2009 .
the seminal work on the cost of obesity in canada , published in the canadian medical association journal in 1999 , estimated the total direct cost of obesity in canada in 1997 to be approximately $ 1 . 8 billion , or 2 . 4 % of the total health care expenditures for all diseases in canada . table 4 compares the results of this and other studies of the cost of obesity and physical inactivity in canada , noting key variations in the parameters used . ( 15 ) while the results vary depending on the types of costs included , the specific health impacts considered and the definitions used , it is clear that the impact of relatively high levels of obesity and physical inactivity are not inconsequential .
( 3 ) a discussion of the limitations of the bmi is contained in : health canada , canadian guidelines for body weight classification in adults , ottawa , 2003 , and kim d . raine , overweight and obesity in canada : a population health perspective , ottawa , 2004 .
about one in four adults in this country or about 6 . 3 million people , were classified as obese in 2011 - 2012 , according to statistics canada .
competing interests : none declared for james douketis and katherine morrison . david lau owns common shares in glaxosmithkline and eli lilly . he is a consultant to abbott laboratories , ltd . , astrazeneca canada inc . , merck frosst canada inc . , bristol - myers squibb canada , eli lilly canada inc . , oryx pharmaceuticals inc . , pfizer canada inc . , sanofi - aventis canada inc . , servier canada inc . and solvay pharma inc . ; and has received speaker fees from abbott laboratories , ltd . , astrazeneca canada inc . , glaxosmithkline , merck frosst canada inc . , merck / schering , eli lilly canada inc . , sanofi - aventis canada inc . and novo nordisk canada inc . ; research grants from astrazeneca canada inc . , bristol myers squibb , dainippon pharmaceuticals , glaxosmithkline , pfizer canada inc . , and sanofi - aventis canada inc . ; and travel assistance to attend international meetings from abbott laboratories , ltd . , astrazeneca canada inc . and sanofi - aventis canada inc . irene hramiak is a consultant to glaxosmithkline inc . and is on a national advisory board for abbott laboratories ltd . , eli lilly , novo nordisk , sanofi - aventis canada inc . and glaxosmithkline inc . she has received honoraria for speaking engagements from merck frosst canada ltd . , glaxosmithkline inc . and novo nordisk and has received a travel grant from novo nordisk . arya sharma is a consultant to abbott laboratories ltd . , boehringer ingelheim , novartis , sanofi - aventis canada inc . and merck frosst canada ltd . he has received speaker fees from abbott laboratories ltd . , boehringer ingelheim , astrazeneca canada inc . , novartis and merck frosst canada ltd . and travel assistance from abbott laboratories ltd . , boehringer ingelheim , merck frosst canada ltd . , novartis and sanofi - aventis canada inc . ehud ur has received speaker fees from sanofi - aventis canada inc . , abbott laboratories , ltd . , glaxosmithkline and novo nordisk ; research grants from glaxosmithkline and novo nordisk ; and travel assistance from sanofi - aventis canada inc . , abbott laboratories , ltd .
the above statements are among the 21 recommendations released today in a ground - breaking report entitled obesity in canada : a whole - of - society approach for a healthier canada , which was written following an intensive study conducted between february 2014 and june 2015 .
there is a more than a six - fold variation in self - reported obesity across health regions in canada , and the variation among oecd countries is more than 10 - fold .
shields m , carroll md , ogden cl ( 2011 ) adult obesity prevalence in canada and the united states . center for disease control and prevention 8 .
statistics canada numbers show saskatchewan also has the highest obesity rate of all the provinces in canada . data from the canadian community health survey shows that 26 . 7 per cent of canadians are considered to be obese in 2015 . in saskatchewan , that number sits at 45 . 9 per cent .
hi there , canada . have you been carrying a few extra pounds lately ?
obesity is more prevalent in older age groups , up to approximately 65 years .
on the basis of measured height and weight from multiple sources during 2007 - 2009 , more than one in four adults in canada are obese .
the higher rates of obesity in atlantic canada , meanwhile — 30 . 4 per cent of people in newfounland and labrador are considered obese — have been attributed to a lack of physical activity , the canadian press reported in 2013 .
while bmi is trusted as an obesity measure by both health canada and the world health organization , there are questions about its efficacy .
greyhound canada says it is ending passenger bus and freight services in saskatchewan , alberta and manitoba and cancelling all but one route in b . c .
source : health canada , canadian guidelines for body weight classification in adults , ottawa , 2003 , p . 3 .
source : analysis of the 2007 / 08 canadian community health survey , statistics canada .
1 . because of the health impact of the rising prevalence and incidence of overweight and obesity in canada , we recommend implementing strategies directed at the prevention and treatment of overweight and obesity in children , adolescents and adults [ grade a , level 3 ] .
regional differences in obesity ( portable document format ( pdf ) , 109 . 63kb )
in recent decades , obesity has become a worldwide issue . the world health organization (
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rates of overweight and obesity in aboriginal population is considerably higher than the rest of canada ( adults : 70 % ; children under 11 years of age : 62 . 5 % ) .
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canada ranks fifth for the number of obese adults and sixth for obese children among industrialized countries .
mélisa leclerc director of communications senate of canada 613 - 996 - 2751 melisa . leclerc @ urltoken
obesity is associated with health risks such as diabetes , high blood pressure and cancer , with costs in canada between $ 4 . 6 billion and $ 7 . 1 billion ( associated press )
for the first time in more than a generation , overweight rates among canadian children are falling — raising hopes canada may become one of the first countries to turn the childhood obesity epidemic around .
despite steady progress in the management of obesity , its prevalence continues to rise . to date , population interventions have tended to focus on individual risk factors and have been largely ineffective . hence , sweeping prevention and intervention strategies are required to slow , and hopefully reverse , the alarming increase in obesity prevalence in canada and globally .
sharma would like to see the potential drivers of obesity addressed , such as how our biology may be programmed towards obesity in the womb or the role of gut microbes in explaining differences in how people absorb calories at different rates .
in addition , a study published last week showed that while rates of childhood obesity and overweight plateaued in the u . s . , there has been no decline in any age group . overall , rates of overweight and obesity combined in children remained at about 30 per cent , a rate that would be higher using who criteria . “thus , canada appears to be faring better than the u . s . in the war on obesity , ” sharma and rodd write in the canadian medical association journal .
public pressure to combat obesity has resulted in several legislative interventions in several developed countries . however , whether these initiatives are feasible and effective is questionable . in this article , we provide an overview of legislative approaches that could be implemented in canada . we first look at why a public health approach is necessary .
almost a fifth of the world ' s adults with obesity , or 118 million people , live in australia , canada , ireland , new zealand , u . k . and u . s .
audience relations , cbc p . o . box 500 station a toronto , on canada , m5w 1e6
department of community health sciences , university of calgary , calgary , alberta , canada . duttond @ urltoken
the steep rise in obesity over the past few decades is due to responses to an obesogenic environment .
the proportion of overweight tends to be higher in rural areas than in metropolitan areas . in particular , in all the canadian regions considered , obesity has been found to be most prevalent among boys in small town regions of 2 , 500 to 19 , 999 .
) . after age 65 , the prevalence of obesity declines . a similar pattern of lower obesity among the youngest and oldest age groups was also found in the 2004
between 1981 and 2007 / 09 , obesity rates roughly doubled among both males and females in most age groups in the adult and youth categories .
reported associations between socioeconomic status ( ses ) and obesity are inconsistent depending on gender and geographic location . globally , these inconsistent observations may hide a variation in the contextual effect on individuals ' risk of obesity for subgroups of the population . this study explored the regional variability in the association between ses and bmi in the usa and in canada , and describes the geographical variance patterns by ses category .
individuals , counties , and states in the usa , and individuals , health regions , and provinces in canada . to facilitate reading when comparing countries , we re - labeled the hierarchy as
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epstein lh , paluch ra , gordy cc , et al . decreasing sedentary behaviors in treating pediatric obesity .
the study ' s authors reported the number of people with obesity surpassed the number of those underweight in 2004 for women and in 2011 for men .
variation in obesity was also observed at the health region level in 2007 / 08 . obesity estimates ranged from a low of 5 . 3 % in urban / suburban richmond , british columbia , to a high of 35 . 9 % in the northern mamawetan / keewatin / athabasca region of saskatchewan (
bans on obesogenic foods and ingredients , especially trans fats , represent another government - level legislative intervention proposed to curb the obesity epidemic . in 2003 , denmark was the first to implement limits on trans fats in processed foods ; new york city followed in 2007 . 13 formal evaluations of these interventions are pending . in canada , the city of calgary has banned the use of trans fats in its restaurants , 21 and health canada implemented the trans fat monitoring program in 2007 as one of the task force on trans fat’s recommendations . 23
55 . the screening criteria for obesity - related health consequences should be assessed in the clinical setting for sensitivity , specificity and clinical value in improving the health of children with obesity [ grade c , level 4 ] .
( 11 ) health canada , canadian guidelines for body weight classification in adults , ottawa , 2003 , table 1 , p . 7 . also see : f . xavier pi - sunyer , “the obesity epidemic : pathophysiology and consequences of obesity , ” obesity research , vol . 10 , supp . 2 , december 2002 , pp . 97s - 104s .
lyznicki jm , young dc , riggs ja , et al . obesity : assessment and management in primary care .
there is increasing awareness of the role that governments , corporations and educators can play in preventing and reducing obesity .
newfoundland and labrador and new brunswick had the highest rates of obesity , while rates were lower in western provinces .
mclaren l ( 2011 ) socioeconomic status and obesity . the oxford handbook of the social science of obesity . london . pp . 276–288 .
. they indicate that measured obesity ranges from 3 . 4 % in japan to 34 . 3 % in the united states , a 10 - fold difference .
. this gradient in regional variance is not present in canada however . yet it is possible these patterns may be linked to local differences in the spatial distribution of resources promoting active living and healthy eating or other resources associated with the adults ' weight status
this section was created by content works , postmedia’s commercial content division , on behalf of an innovative medicines canada company .
obesity , defined as a bmi of 30 or higher is associated with health risks such as diabetes , high blood pressure and cancer and associated with an annual cost in canada between $ 4 . 6 and $ 7 . 1 billion .
shields , margot , tjepkema , michael . 2006 . “ trends in adult obesity . ” health reports . vol . 17 , no . 3 . august . statistics canada catalogue no . 82 - 003 . p . 53–59 . urltoken
shields , margot , tjepkema , michael . 2006 . “ regional differences in obesity . ” health reports . vol . 17 , no . 3 . august . statistics canada catalogue no . 82 - 003 . p . 61–67 . urltoken
the prevalence of adult obesity has risen significantly in many countries over the last decades with increases in average body mass index ( bmi , kg / m 2 ) being greatest in wealthier countries [ 1 ] , [ 2 ] . the mean worldwide bmi has increased at a rate of approximately 0 . 5 kg / m 2 per decade , reaching 1 kg / m 2 per decade in wealthier nations like the usa and canada [ 2 ] . usa and canada have among the highest average bmi [ 2 ] and the usa has a higher prevalence between the two [ 3 ] – [ 5 ] . however , trends in obesity prevalence are similar between the two countries , increasing from 15 % in the 1970 ' s to 32 % in 2005 in the usa , and from 12 % to 29 % in canada [ 6 ] . differences in the ses - bmi relationships have also been reported by geographic location [ 3 ] , [ 7 ] , with respect to a shift of the burden of obesity towards lower ses groups in developing countries with increasing gross national products [ 3 ] , [ 8 ] . although this shift in burden is not always clear in the usa and canada , the difference in prevalence is obvious where canadians tend to be less obese for both genders and all age categories [ 5 ] .
for all health regions ) . studies have found that the prevalence of obesity tends to be lower in more urban regions , one study showing that obesity was significantly below the national average in montreal , toronto and vancouver on the basis of 2003
in terms of regional differences in the prevalence of obesity , results from the 2004 canadian community health survey suggest that obesity rates did not vary greatly by province in 2004 , with the following exceptions . ( 8 ) prevalence of obesity among men was significantly higher than the national rate in both newfoundland and labrador ( 33 . 3 % ) and manitoba ( 30 . 4 % ) . for women , the prevalence of obesity significantly exceeded the national rate in newfoundland and labrador ( 34 . 5 % ) , saskatchewan ( 32 . 9 % ) and nova scotia ( 30 . 3 % ) . for children ages 2 to 17 , the prevalence of obesity was significantly higher than the national rate in newfoundland and labrador ( 17 % ) and new brunswick ( 13 % ) . raine notes , however , that “… surveillance of behavioural determinants of obesity in canada is currently unable to explain the regional variations in prevalence . ” ( 9 )
goodman e , whitaker rc . a prospective study of the role of depression in the development and persistence of adolescent obesity .
source : based on figures provided in the gpi atlantic cost of obesity reports for each province , prepared by ronald colman .
the high cost of food in canada ' s north has long been a topic of discussion — cases of water have been known to cost as much as $ 105 .
acknowledgements : financial assistance for the development of these guidelines was generously provided in the form of arm ' s - length grants - in - aid from abbott laboratories ltd . , astrazeneca canada inc . , glaxosmithkline inc . , merck frosst canada ltd . , pfizer canada inc . , hoffmann–la roche ltd . , johnson and johnson medical products , sanofi - aventis canada inc . and unilever canada inc . sponsors were not involved in any aspect of the guidelines development , the literature interpretation , the decision to publish or any other aspect of publication of the guidelines . the funds were used for conference calls and for organization of and travel to meetings for the members of the steering committee and expert panel committee . none of the members of these committees received any financial or in - kind remuneration for their contribution to this work .
( 10 ) peter t . katzmarzyk and ian janssen , “the economic costs associated with physical inactivity and obesity in canada : an update , ” canadian journal of applied physiology , vol . 29 , no . 1 , 2004 , p . 104 .
tjepkema , michael . 2006 . “ adult obesity . ” health reports . vol . 17 , no . 3 . august . statistics canada catalogue no . 82 - 003 . p . 9 . urltoken
tjepkema , michael . 2006 . “ adult obesity . ” health reports . vol . 17 , no . 3 . august . statistics canada catalogue no . 82 - 003 . p . 9–24 . urltoken
source : statistics canada , canadian community health survey , 2000 - 2001 , 2003 , and canadian community health survey , 2004 .
reilly jj , mcdowell zc . physical activity interventions in the prevention and treatment of paediatric obesity : systematic review and critical appraisal .
in order to shed light on these issues , this study analyzed and compared ses - bmi associations in the usa and in canada for both women and men . specific objectives were to : 1 ) describe how variance in bmi is distributed at the individual , regional , and subnational levels , 2 ) globally assess and compare the ses - bmi associations between the usa and canada , 3 ) describe geographic variations in bmi within countries , and 4 ) characterize the geographic patterns of bmi variance by ses group .
although obesity has traditionally been conceptualized as a physical problem for physicians to treat , 8 there is increasing awareness of the role that governments , corporations and educators can play in preventing and reducing obesity . a number of legislative initiatives have already been implemented in canada , but they require monitoring and assessment . community - based interventions have failed in the past because they were inadequately supported by legislative measures that provided an impact at the societal level .
obesity should no longer be viewed as a cosmetic or body - image issue . there is compelling evidence that overweight people are at increased risk of a variety of health problems , including type 2 diabetes , hypertension , dyslipidemia , coronary artery disease , stroke , osteoarthritis and certain forms of cancers . it has recently been estimated that about 1 in 10 premature deaths among canadian adults 20–64 years of age is directly attributable to overweight and obesity . in addition to affecting personal health , the increased health risks translate into an increased burden on the health care system . the cost of obesity in canada has been conservatively estimated to be $ 2 billion a year or 2 . 4 % of total health care expenditures in 1997 . 3 thus , the continuing epidemic of obesity in canada is exacting a high toll on the health of the population .
bray ga , greenway fl . current and potential drugs for treatment of obesity .
another report released by statistics canada in early 2005 presents an alarming outlook for overweight and obesity in canada should current trends continue . the study found that approximately one - third of people who were classified as normal weight in 1994 - 1995 had become overweight by 2002 - 2003 , and nearly one - quarter of those who were initially overweight were classified as obese after the eight - year period . conversely , only 10 % of those who were overweight in 1994 - 1995 had progressed to a normal weight range by 2002 - 2003 . ( 6 )
these canadian guidelines on the prevention and management of obesity were developed to address the need for evidence - based recommendations for the management of obesity at the individual and population levels , to identify gaps in knowledge and to establish an agenda for future research in this area .
albert sg , mooradian ad . low - dose recombinant human growth hormone as adjuvant therapy to lifestyle modifications in the management of obesity .
researchers say they are especially concerned about the massive increase in the extreme ends of the obesity spectrum – class 2 and class 3 .
the rising prevalence of overweight and obesity in canada is not restricted to the adult population ; data for children mirror the trend among adults . although prevalence data for children may vary due to the use of multiple methodologies in the literature , the trends are consistent in showing rapidly increasing rates of overweight and obesity among canadian children . ( 7 ) according to one methodology , rates of overweight ( including obesity ) among children ages 7 to 13 increased by 200 % - 300 % between 1981 and 2001 , though they appear to have stabilized somewhat in recent years ( see table 3 ) .
40 . obesity prevention should take a multisector approach— similar to that used for tobacco control in canada . prevention efforts should invest in and target all age groups and span life from infancy to old age . innovative ways to provide access and programs to less economically viable citizens should be developed [ grade c , level4 ] .
) . the gradient was not observed in canada . although the mean bmi varies by ses and gender , the variation of bmi by ses and gender is relatively constant at all levels .
tous les manuscrits ainsi que tout le contenu demeurent accessibles sur pubmed central ( é . - u . ) et europe pubmed central . environ 3000 manuscrits des chercheurs financés par les instituts de recherche en santé du canada ( irsc ) ont aussi été transférés au dépôt numérique du conseil national de recherches du canada ( cnrc ) et formeront la collection des instituts de recherche en santé du canada 2009 - 2017 .
at 13 . 7 per cent , the northwest territories had the second - worst food security rate in canada in 2011 - 2012 , behind nunavut at 36 . 7 per cent , and ahead of yukon at 12 . 4 per cent .
citation : lebel a , kestens y , clary c , bisset s , subramanian sv ( 2014 ) geographic variability in the association between socioeconomic status and bmi in the usa and canada . plos one 9 ( 6 ) : e99158 . urltoken
garriguet , didier . 2008 . “ obesity and the eating habits of the aboriginal population . ” health reports . vol . 19 , no . 1 . march . statistics canada catalogue no . 82 - 003 . urltoken
the following is an overview of an historical study and more recent survey results on the prevalence of overweight and obesity among canadians . regardless of the specific studies or surveys used , the statistics are consistent in showing increasing rates of overweight and obesity in canadian society over time .
is defined as weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters ( table 1 ) .
chagnac a , weinstein t , herman m , et al . the effects of weight loss on renal function in patients with severe obesity .
ford es , mokdad ah ( 2008 ) epidemiology of obesity in the western hemisphere . journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism 93 : s1–s8 .
the economic costs of obesity are estimated at $ 4 . 6 billion in 2008 , up about 19 % from $ 3 . 9 billion in 2000 , based on costs associated with the eight chronic diseases most consistently linked to obesity . estimates rise to close to $ 7 . 1 billion when based on the costs associated with 18 chronic diseases linked to obesity .
a number of clinical practice guidelines on the assessment and management of obesity have been published in the past . these have been largely based on consensus statements by expert panels . moreover , most of these guidelines focus on individuals rather than on communities and the population as a whole . recognizing these deficiencies , obesity canada — a not - for - profit organization founded in 1999 to improve the health of canadians by decreasing the occurrence of obesity — convened a panel of experts to determine whether a comprehensive set of guidelines could be developed to address not only the management but also the prevention of obesity in both adults and children . members of the steering committee and expert panel unanimously agreed on an evidence - based approach . through the process of developing these guidelines , which began in the spring of 2004 , members of the steering committee and expert panel identified major gaps in knowledge regarding obesity treatment and prevention . considerable research is required in many areas to optimize management and to prevent the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity in canada . the authors ' recommendations range from the need for enhanced surveillance and population - based data to new research on the biological , social , cultural and environmental determinants of obesity as well as research on effective treatment strategies , policies and interventions .
a summary of key lessons learned from the international literature on obesity prevention and management .
note : all studies consider the cost of obesity and physical inactivity among adults only .
obesity tends to be more prevalent among males than females ; however , this depends to some extent on the age group and whether obesity is self - reported or measured .
mclaren l ( 2007 ) socioeconomic status and obesity . epidemiologic reviews 29 : 29–48 .
globally , the number of men and women with obesity rose from 105 million in 1975 to 641 million in 2014 , a british led team reported in this week ' s issue of the lancet medical journal . obesity is determined by body mass index , which is based on height and weight . a score over 30 is considered obese .
ezzati ' s team also made projections , saying if post - 2000 trends continue , the global obesity prevalence will reach 18 per cent in men and surpass 21 per cent in women by 2025 .
shields , margot . 2006 . “ overweight and obesity among children and youth . ” health reports . vol . 17 , no . 3 . august . statistics canada catalogue no . 82 - 003 . p . 27–42 . urltoken
( 2 ) obesity : preventing and managing the global epidemic , report of a who consultation on obesity , 3 - 5 june 1997 , executive summary , p . 2 .
distribution of the household population by adult body mass index ( bmi ) - health canada ( hc ) classification , by sex and age group .
19 . when treating obesity in children , we suggest using family - oriented behaviour therapy [ grade b , level 1 49 – 53 ] .
le petit , christel , berthelot , jean–marie . 2006 . “ obesity—a growing issue . ” health reports . vol . 17 , no . 3 . august . statistics canada catalogue no . 82 - 003 . p . 43–50 . urltoken
shields , margot , tremblay , mark s . 2008 . “ sedentary behaviour and obesity among canadian adults . ” health reports . vol . 19 , no . 2 . june . statistics canada catalogue no . 82 - 003 . urltoken
giskes k , avendaňo m , brug j , kunst ae ( 2010 ) a systematic review of studies on socioeconomic inequalities in dietary intakes associated with weight gain and overweight / obesity conducted among european adults . obesity reviews 11 : 413–429 .
several measures have already been implemented in canada to limit access to junk food in schools . the ontario provincial government has mandated the replacement of food and beverages in vending machines with healthy and nutritious alternatives that meet criteria specified by dietitians of canada with respect to fat , fibre , sodium , calcium , and vitamin and mineral contents . 37 the new brunswick provincial government banned junk food from vending machines in elementary schools in 2005 . some districts have also banned the sale of sugary and unhealthy foods from their schools and vending machines , or banned vending machines altogether . 13 , 33
this change in lifestyle is most evident in the south pacific . on the list of
fattest
countries , eight of the top 10 are in the pacific region .
leiter la , abbott d , campbell nr , et al . lifestyle modifications to prevent and control hypertension . 2 . recommendations on obesity and weight loss . canadian hypertension society , canadian coalition for high blood pressure prevention and control , laboratory centre for disease control at health canada , heart and stroke foundation of canada . cmaj 1999 ; 160 ( 9 suppl ) : s7 - 12 .
reviews addressing the association between socioeconomic status ( ses ) and obesity report inconsistent findings [ 7 ] , [ 9 ] , [ 10 ] . the most consistent finding is the inverse social gradient for obesity in women in the developed world [ 11 ] . the usa and canada are no exception ; obesity prevalence is not consistently associated to educational attainment , although prevalence tends to be lower among college graduates in both countries . income has been found to be negatively associated with obesity , for women [ 12 ] , [ 13 ] , but non - significant or even positive for men [ 14 ] . racial disparities have been observed in the usa only , with higher prevalence among the black population [ 13 ] , [ 15 ] .
- screening for obesity - related conditions ( e . g . , dyslipidemia , diabetes )
king d ( 2011 ) the future challenge of obesity . the lancet 378 : 743–744 .
prus sg ( 2011 ) comparing social determinants of self - rated health across the united states and canada . social science & medicine 73 : 50–59 .
4 . we recommend measuring waist circumference in all adults to assess obesity - related health risks [ grade a , level 3 5 , 6 ] .
however , change in vpc was not identical between subsamples . although the level - specific changes ( δσ 2 ) were relatively similar between countries at the individual level ( 4 . 5 % to 7 . 1 % ) , much more heterogeneity was found at the geographic levels . reduction in variance at the subnational level was greater in the usa ( 57 . 5 % for women and 23 . 1 % for men ) than in canada ( 28 . 3 % and 23 . 8 % respectively ) . at the regional level , reduction in variance was greater in canada ( 61 . 9 % and 53 . 8 % ) than in the usa ( 26 . 8 % and 10 . 8 % ) .
obesity has traditionally been considered a medical “problem” for physicians to treat . 8 according to the 2006 canadian clinical practice guidelines on the management and prevention of obesity in adults and children , the monitoring of weight in patients at risk for obesity should be an integral part of primary care . 6 however , minimal attention is often given to long - term weight management by primary care physicians . 9 , 10
mcgrail km , van doorslaer e , ross na , sanmartin c ( 2009 ) income - related health inequalities in canada and the united states : a decomposition analysis . american journal of public health 99 : 1856–1863 .
about one in five adults worldwide will have obesity by 2025 if current trends continue , say public health experts who are calling for changes to food policy .
in addition to studies focused on the cost of obesity and inactivity nationwide , gpi atlantic commissioned a series of reports between 2000 and 2001 that estimated the direct and indirect costs of obesity in individual provinces . ( 16 ) figures 4 and 5 present comparative results from the eight provincial reports produced . in absolute terms , the less - populated provinces tended to have lower costs of obesity , as one might expect . however , figure 5 demonstrates that these same provinces also tended to spend a larger share of their provincial health care budgets on obesity - related expenditures .
after age 54 , the rate of obesity was about the same for men and women . among both sexes , those aged 18 to 19 had the lowest obesity rate ( chart 3 ) .
veerman jl , barendregt jj ( 2010 ) population interventions for obesity . epidemiology 21 : 274 .
2 . because of the lack of adequate information on the prevalence of obesity and related risk factors in canada , particularly among subgroups of the population , we recommend the creation of a national surveillance system that incorporates , at a minimum , measurements of height , weight and waist circumference [ grade a , level3 ] .
canadian diabetes association clinical practice guidelines expert committee . canadian diabetes association 2003 clinical practice guidelines for the prevention and management of diabetes in canada . can j diabetes 2003 : 27 ( suppl 2 ) : s1 - 152 .
as with trans fats , sodium is an ingredient often present in excess in junk and processed foods that may also directly contribute to the obesity epidemic by enhancing the palatability and overconsumption of these foods . thus , it has been proposed that reducing the amount of sodium in processed and junk foods , thereby making them less palatable , may help reduce the obesity epidemic . 14 , 27
table 3 presents the distribution of the variance for the subnational , regional , and individual levels . most of the variance was at the individual level . the variance partition coefficient ( vpc ) showed that the proportion of bmi variation at the geographic levels was slightly higher for women in the usa than in canada ( 4 . 0 % and 3 . 3 % respectively ) . for men , the difference was greater in the usa ( 4 . 9 % ) than in canada ( 2 . 4 % ) . when adjusting for age , race , education , income and living in an urban environment , about 1 % of this higher - level variance was explained among women in both countries . this represents the portion of the bmi variance distributed at the regional and subnational levels that is explained by the geographic distribution of age , race , education , income and living in an urban environment . for men , adding these variables explained only 0 . 4 % of the contextual variance in the usa and 0 . 9 % in canada .
figure 1 shows the 95 % ci of bmi means by education and income category . the reference category ( young , highest income , graduate studies , white , living in an urban environment ) had a higher bmi in the usa than in canada , both for women and men . for women , associations were similar in both countries : the lower the household income or education level , the higher the bmi . this gradient , however , was stronger in the usa .
what factors influence body weight , and in particular overweight and obesity ? at the most fundamental level , overweight and obesity result from an imbalance between caloric intake and usage . in support of this perspective , health and nutrition experts cite increasingly sedentary lifestyles resulting from urban planning and technological changes in the way we work ; they also point to increasing portion sizes and the poor availability of nutritional food choices in schools and workplaces . however , “there is no consensus as to whether the current obesity epidemic in north america is primarily the result of high levels of physical inactivity or high dietary intake of energy - dense foods , and it is likely that both dietary intake and physical inactivity have played a role in the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity . ” ( 10 )
since academic systems between and within countries are not uniform , educational attainment categories were based on the number of completed school years , and on diplomas earned . in the usa , the “no high school diploma” category includes those who never went to school up to those who stopped after 11 years of schooling ; in canada , this category includes also those who had been thirteen years at school but had no diploma . the “high school” category includes grade 12 or the equivalent in the usa ; in canada , this category includes only those who successfully finished high school ( secondary - 5 diploma or 13 th year completed ) . the “college” category includes those who had completed one to three years of college or technical school in the usa ; in canada it includes all those who did some post - secondary , with or without a college diploma , including those who received a university certificate ( only one year at the university ) . finally in the usa , the “graduate studies” category includes at least four years spent at college and graduation ; in canada , this category includes those with a baccalaureate diploma or higher . we used the same educational attainment category label , although slight differences in their meaning exist between both countries .
shields , margot , connor gorber , sarah , tremblay , mark s . 2008 . “ effects of measurement on obesity and morbidity . ” health reports . vol . 19 , no . 2 . june . statistics canada catalogue no . 82 - 003 . urltoken
the study population includes adults from both the usa and canada . table 1 presents the sample size for the brfss and cchs . observations with missing information regarding bmi , age , education , race , household size were removed as well as all pregnant women ( 10 . 4 % in the usa and 13 . 8 % in canada ) . observations for which income information was missing were kept by using a missing income category . mean bmi for excluded individuals was the same for all categories ( average difference less than 0 . 1 kg / m 2 ) except for canadian women for whom the mean bmi was 0 . 85 kg / m 2 higher . study samples were reduced to participants living in contiguous and continental states in the usa , and in the 10 provinces of canada – thereby excluding territories .
without societal changes , a substantial and steadily rising proportion of adults will succumb to the medical complications of obesity ; indeed , the medical burden of obesity already threatens to overwhelm health services . the spectrum of problems seen in both developing and developed countries is having so negative an impact that obesity should be regarded as today’s principal neglected public health problem . ( 2 )
in 2014 , 20 . 2 % of canadians aged 18 and older , roughly 5 . 3 million adults , reported height and weight that classified them as obese . the rate of obesity among men increased to 21 . 8 % in 2014 from 20 . 1 % in 2013 , and is the highest obesity rate for men reported since 2003 ( in 2003 , 16 . 0 % of males were obese ) . among women , the rate of obesity in 2014 ( 18 . 7 % ) was an increase over 2013 and also up significantly from 2003 when it was 14 . 5 % ( chart 1 ) .
summerbell cd , ashton v , campbell kj , et al . interventions for treating obesity in children . cochrane database syst rev 2003 ; ( 3 ) : cd001872 .
source : based on figures provided in the gpi atlantic cost of obesity reports for each province , prepared by ronald colman , . compiled by the library of parliament .
wing rr , jeffery rw . outpatient treatments of obesity : a comparison of methodology and clinical results .
freedman ds ( 2011 ) obesity - united - states , 1988–2008 . center for disease control and prevention
this study underlines how bmi varies by country , region , gender and ses . lower socioeconomic groups within some regions show a much higher variation in bmi than in other regions . above the bmi regional mean , important variation patterns of bmi by ses and place of residence were found in the usa . no such pattern was found in canada . this study suggests that a change in the mean does not necessarily reflect the change in the variance . analyzing the variance by ses may be a good way to detect subtle influences of social forces underlying social inequalities .
the cause of obesity is complex and multifactorial . within the context of environmental , social and genetic factors , at the simplest level obesity results from long - term positive energy balance — the interaction of energy intake and energy expenditure . the rapid increase in the prevalence of obesity over the past 20 years is a result of environmental and cultural influences rather than genetic factors . with progressive improvements in the standard of living in developed and developing countries , overnutrition and sedentary lifestyle have supplanted physical labour and regular physical activity , which has resulted in positive energy balance and overweight .
stamatakis ka , leatherdale st , marx cm , yan y , colditz ga , et al . ( 2012 ) where is obesity prevention on the map ? : distribution and predictors of local health department prevention activities in relation to county - level obesity prevalence in the united states . journal of public health management and practice 18 : 402–411 .
shields , margot , connor gorber , sarah , tremblay , mark s . 2008 . “ estimates of obesity based on self–report versus direct measures . ” health reports . vol . 19 , no . 2 . june . statistics canada catalogue no . 82 - 003 . urltoken
to encourage thoughtful and respectful conversations , first and last names will appear with each submission to cbc / radio - canada ' s online communities ( except in children and youth - oriented communities ) . pseudonyms will no longer be permitted .
sources : c . laird birmingham et al . , “the cost of obesity in canada , ” canadian medical association journal , vol . 160 , no . 4 , february 1999 , pp . 483 - 488 ; peter t . katzmarzyk , norman gledhill , and roy j . shephard , “the economic burden of physical inactivity in canada , ” canadian medical association journal , vol . 163 , no . 11 , november 2000 , pp . 1435 - 1440 ; and katzmarzyk and janssen ( 2004 ) , pp . 90 - 115 . table prepared by the library of parliament .
( 5 ) peter t . katzmarzyk , “ the canadian obesity epidemic : an historical perspective , ” obesity research , vol . 10 , no . 7 , july 2002 , pp . 666 - 674 .
all analyses were performed using mlwin 2 . 27 with the iterated generalized least squares ( igls ) estimation method and the standardized sampling weights provided by cdc or statistics canada .
the objective of this study was to determine if the prevalence of overweight and obesity is associated with neighbourhood walkability . the analysis tested whether a dose - response relationship between the street smart walk score® and various measures of physical activity , overweight , and obesity existed in a large , population - based sample of adults in urban and suburban ontario .
the growing problem of obesity in canada can be reversed only with an integrated approach involving both the public health and medical models . stakeholders at all levels must be involved to achieve the greatest overall impact . there is a greater need than ever for strong political will to effect these complex societal changes , and for champions at all levels of government to step forward and do so in new , innovative and effective ways .
obesity rates surged 200 per cent between 1985 and 2011 among canadian adults over age 18 . ( cbc )
mckeown - eyssen g ( 2006 ) methodologic issues for the study of obesity . epidemiology 17 : 134–135 .
by following canada ' s food guide , your family will be able to meet their energy and nutrient needs . keep your fridge stocked with foods from all four food groups .
ogden cl , lamb mm , caroll md , flegal km ( 2010 ) obesity and socioeconomic status in adults : united - states , 2005–2008 . center for disease control and prevention
michimi a , wimberly mc ( 2010 ) spatial patterns of obesity and associated risk factors in the conterminous u . s . american . journal of preventive medicine 39 : 1–12 .
our exploratory analyses provided new insights on the geographic variability of the association between bmi , education , and income in the usa and in canada , as well as the distribution of its associated variance . this paper shows how ses - bmi associations vary geographically beyond individual level associations . the current knowledge on obesity would particularly benefit from a repeated cross - sectional or longitudinal application of this modeling strategy . this could reveal how the variance in ses - bmi associations evolves through both space and time .
because obesity is increasingly viewed as a societal issue , members of the steering committee and expert panel unanimously agreed to include chapters on the prevention of obesity in children and adults at the population level , as well as implications of the guidelines for health policy - makers and other interested parties .
( 14 ) larissa roux and cam donaldson , “economics and obesity : costing the problem or evaluating solutions ? ” obesity research , vol . 12 , no . 2 , february 2004 , pp . 173 - 179 .
the situation was very different for men . the average bmi of the reference category was about two points higher than for women in both countries . income was not associated with bmi in the usa , and a positive association was observed in canada –higher income levels translating into higher bmis . concerning the education level , an inversed u - shaped relation was observed in the usa where respondents with graduated studies and those without high school diploma had the lowest bmi , while those with some college education had the highest ( figure 1c ) . in canada , only the most educated men had a slightly , but significantly , different bmi than all other categories , with an average 0 . 5 kg / m 2 lower .


wel networks limited is an electricity distribution company , serving the northern and central waikato region in new zealand .

wel is the fifth largest electricity distribution companies in new zealand , with over 80,000 connections and 5,226 km of lines .

wel was formed when legislation in 1988 amalgamated the central waikato electric power board with hamilton city council 's electricity division from 1989 to form waikato electricity limited .

after amalgamation , ownership of wel was vested in the waikato electricity authority ( wea ) .

wea formed wel energy trust in 1993 , with the first election in june , so that the community could have some ownership of wel .

in 1992 a third of wel was sold to utilicorp for almost $ 40m , a third retained for the trust and a third given to customers .

the electricity industry reform act 1998 forced wel to sell its retail business .

it sold to the state owned ( but later bought as ngc by vector limited ) natural gas corporation for $ 89.9 m .

the trust then bought back all wel 's shares to become its sole owner .

in 2001 wel was renamed wel networks ltd . after the trust 's 2003 elections it reduced grants given to community groups and started paying discounts to customers .

by 2014 the trust had paid over $ 240 million to customers in discounts , but had also invested over $ 60 million in community and energy efficiency grants .

in 2014-15 , over $ 2m was paid in grants .

wel networks subsidiary ultrafast fibre limited has formed a joint venture with crown fibre holdings to form ultrafast broadband limited .

this joint venture has secured government contracts to deploy , own and operate the ultra-fast broadband fibre to the premises network in the central north island .

wel networks

an asset management plan (
amp
) has been prepared by wel networks limited and approved by the wel networks ltd board .
the ultimate parent of wel networks limited is thewel energy trust which owns 100 % of its shares .
safety is the priority for wel networks and any systems that compromise network safety may be disconnected without notice .
all members of the group are considered related parties of wel networks limited . this includes the subsidiaries and associated
the financial statements of the ‘parent’or ‘company’are for wel networks limited as a separate legal entity . the consolidated financial
wel networks ltd also has a smart box programme . the top energy project is delivered through smart co ltd , of which wel is a 15 % shareholder .
rights and obligations each investor . wel networks limited has assessed the nature of its joint arrangements and determined them to be
wel networks limited is a limited liability company which is domiciled and incorporated in new zealand . it is registered under the
the wel networks asset management plan presents the processes , practices and performance measurement for our assets in the next ten years .
wel networks limited is a profit - oriented company incorporated in new zealand under the companies act 1993 . the group consists of
wel networks limited ( ‘the company’or ‘parent’ ) and its subsidiaries ( together ‘the group’ ) . the group is an electricity network business ,
the joint meridian energy - wel networks project was recognised at the deloitte energy excellence awards on wednesday , taking out the environmental excellence award .
at wel networks we ' re delivering innovative energy solutions which enable our communities to thrive , and keep the lights on 24 / 7 .
wel services is an independent contracting entity wholly owned by wel networks . our technicians are certified in network and electrical knowledge and are qualified to make technical decisions , or recommend and direct corrective measures on the network .
ultrafast fibre limited was established by the company in 2010 in order to fulfil a new zealand government initiative to rollout ultrafast broadband ( ufb ) across eight centres in central north island . interests in fibre are held through waikato networks ltd ( wnl ) of which wel networks ltd is an 85 % shareholder ( waipa networks owns 15 % ) .
statements of the ‘consolidated’or ‘group’entity are for the economic entity comprisingwel networks limited and its subsidiaries .
waikato networks limited is a construction company that is building a fibre network for ultrafast fibre limited .
waikato networks limited owns 33 % ( 2014 : 24 % ) of ultrafast fibre limited shares .
changes for the wel electricity lines discount programme from 2019 . . . read more
the amp is available for inspection at the offices of wel networks , 114 maui street , te rapa - hamilton , between the hours of 9am and 5pm on usual working days .
wel ' s full network connection standard ( distribution code ) can be found here .
if you ' re building , changing the electrical load on an existing site or wanting to relocate an existing power connection you ' ll need to make an online application request to wel networks .
wel energy trust was formed in 1993 for the purpose of holding shares in the newly created lines company wel energy group . the trust is now a 100 % shareholder of wel networks ltd , as the group is now known , and owns these shares on behalf of the community . the trust invests about $ 2 . 5 million each year into the community through grants .
the parent has 85 shares ( 85 % of shares ) inwaikato networks limited . the shares are fully paid .
since its inception in 1993 , the trust has supported the return of $ 273 million to wel networks customers through discounts on individual electricity accounts and investments over $ 60 million in community and energy efficiency grants .
the parent has 85 shares ( 85 % of shares ) in waikato networks limited . the shares are fully paid .
the 2016 wel networks discount is here – watch out for it on your april / may power bill . as part of wel’s commitment to the region’s growth , we’re constantly looking for ways to reduce the cost of electricity to the people and businesses of the waikato . one of our major initiatives is the wel discount programme , which gives all wel customers in the waikato network area a share of our success via a discount , once a year . for more information about the 2016 discount , click the link below :
income beneficiaries are those electricity customers connected to the wel networks power lines network in the trust ' s traditional area . here is a map showing the trust’s district . within this area reside the electors and beneficiaries of the trust .
wel energy trust ( the trust ) was formed in 1993 for the purpose of holding shares in the newly created wel energy group , and has a governing document effective from this time , the trust deed .
wel energy trust is proud of its ownership of wel networks ltd and supports its aspiration to provide high quality , reliable utility services valued by their customers , whilst protecting and enabling the community . wel networks has maintained strong delivery of their core service that delivers electricity to over 84 , 000 homes , farms and businesses . the wel group is also focussed on making strategic investments in new technologies to take the business into the future . their vision is to not only ensure that the network remains sustainable , but to enable wel to continue to enhance the region’s economic and social growth . it is a diversified utility , and strategic holder of ultra - fast fibre ( uff ) , they have accomplished the delivery of their smart box project , and are installing five electric vehicle fast chargers around the waikato .
the trust was originally the 1 / 3 owner of the group , and the purpose of this shareholding under the trust deed is to ensure the company , now known as wel networks ltd ( the company ) , operates as a ‘successful company’ .
in the majority of distributed generation connections ( once completed ) the electricity authority ' s regulated terms from the code part 6 . 2 will apply . however wel networks and the distributed generator may enter into a connection contract at any time and these contract terms shall take precedence . if contracted terms cannot be negotiated and agreed within 30 days following notice to wel networks of the intent to form a contract then the regulated terms shall apply . any changes to contracted terms shall be by mutual agreement .
section 2 . 6 of wel ' s network connection standard ( distribution code ) outlines our connection standards for distributed generation .
wel networks ' coverage extends from maramarua in the north and across to the west coast , including huntly , raglan , te kauwhata and ngaruawahia . to confirm if your property is in our network , call us on + 64 7 850 3100 or 0800 800 935 . you ' ll need your address or lot number .
the small print - the wel promise doesn’t apply to faults beyond our control such as storms , lightning , vehicle accidents , third party damage , or other events outside our control . this includes faults in your electrical wiring or the lines and electrical equipment on your property connecting to the wel network .
planned or unplanned maintenance wel networks is legally responsible for the network and may dispatch our technicians at any time to conduct planned or unplanned maintenance ( in case of emergency ) on assets including those located on private property . they can do so without prior permission of the property owner who is required to provide access at all times .
we move electricity from the grid to your home or business through a network of retailers . here’s everything you need to know to connect to the wel network .
are you passionate about trees ? want to be part of a great team can you safely operate the latest plant and equipment ? come and join us ! wel services is a . . .
as 4777 . 2 : 2005 - application can be accepted under part 1 of the code . a list of compliant inverters which wel accepts under this revision of standard can be found here ; approved inverter list - as 4777 . 2 : 2005
tree and vegetation trimming we offer tree and vegetation maintenance in and around your property using a skilled team of arborists who can assist you with such management and we offer all wel customers one free trim . we’ll provide a quote before we begin .
cable or service location if you’re planning on working on or around the wel network you should be aware of all the cables / pipes and service lines in the vicinity . our technicians can help prior to the start of work to prevent any undue damage and costs .
craig grew up in the waikato , and graduated from waikato university before postgraduate study at lincoln university and the university of pennsylvania . he has significant energy and electricity experience and is the former chief investment officer of waikato - tainui . craig has also held senior executive roles in banking and investment for nzsx listed entities . craig understands intergenerational investment , balancing future generations ' wishes with current needs . he brings strong industry / investment management ( certified finance and investment professional ) and governance to support the trust in managing the investment in wel networks ltd , delivering operational success , ensuring consumers have a voice in industry matters , and distributing surplus income .
to deliver a top notch network and energy solutions we employ around 250 employees with a range of expertise ; from live line mechanics , faults technicians and technical planners , to in - house health & safety professionals , accountants and human resource management . we’re fully community - owned with wel energy trust our sole shareholder .
if you are generating energy via alternative sources - for example photovoltaic ( solar panels ) , micro wind ( turbines ) , gas , diesel and biomass ( vegetation ) - distributed generation allows you to connect to , and input any surplus power into the the wel network . this can be used for commercial distribution .
if you are generating energy via alternative sources - for example photovoltaic ( solar panels ) , micro wind ( turbines ) , gas , diesel and biomass ( vegetation ) - distributed generation allows you to connect to , and input any surplus power into the the wel network . this can be used for commercial distribution . learn more here .
as / nzs 4777 . 2 : 2015 - application can only be accepted under part1a of the code and special attention shall be made as per regulatory guidance notes from energy safety . a list of compliant inverters which wel accepts under this new revision of standard can be found on the australian clean energy council website here : approved inverter list - as / nzs 4777 . 2 : 2015 .
raewyn took on the role of trust manager at wel energy trust in august 2014 , and has come from a background in a range of management and front line communications , marketing , relationship building and strategic planning roles in sectors including business , education and tourism . a degree in management studies and japanese from the university of waikato led to a variety of posts including japanese speaking tour guide , personnel consultant and later a career in education where she was subject leader for japanese for at the university of central lancashire in the uk for over 10 years and completed a masters in education . upon returning to new zealand , raewyn led the operations of the cambridge chamber of commerce as ceo , where she worked to positively influence business vitality in the region . her relationship building skills and ability to communicate with a range of stakeholders are key in her current role which is centred on the working with the trustees and the wel energy team towards acheiving the trust ' s core purpose :
growing investment for our community
.
david ' s background was initially in social work , youth work and community development , and he has worked for various local agencies since the late 1970s . his extensive exsperience in funding goes back to establishing cogs in the waikato , hauraki , tauranga and king country regions in 1984 , and then managing regional community services for the department of social welfare . along the way he established and managed a nationally recognised and award - winning education training provider . this was followed by almost 15 years of self - employment working for training providers , government departments and community organisations , undertaking research , development , project management and other consultancy work . this also included 10 years of managing national contracts to deliver training , mentoring and coaching in the social services sector . in 2007 , david was contracted by the wel energy trust as a grants assessor for the annual grants round . he commenced working for the trust on a permanent part - time basis in june 2011 in the role of grants advisor , and since july 2014 has been in the full - time position of grants manager .
te uku wind farm near raglan ' s wild and windswept coast has secured a premier environmental award .
the challenging wind farm project , which was delivered 2 1 / 2 weeks ahead of schedule , included construction of 26 kilometres of road , co - operation with contracts , consultants and consenting authorities to optimise civil works and minimise the construction ' s footprint .
judges were impressed by the innovative use of environmental control measures . they admired the controls to prevent sediment erosion , as well as the connection with local residents .
this paid off raising the bar in how to get a difficult project over the line with smart environmental management .
the use of the largest wheeled crane in new zealand – a 600 - tonne capacity narrow - wheeled crane – allowed the team to reduce road widths from 10 metres to six metres and just - in - time delivery of turbine elements and a two - crane operation helped minimise the size of crane platforms . soil conditioning reduced cut - to - waste , haul distances and fuel use , while 40 , 000 native plants were planted to restore the landscape .
the project also received the inaugural environment waikato earthworks site of the year award .
other winners : overall energy company of the year , z energy ; innovation in electricity award , powerco – leading innovation ; innovation in petroleum award , contact energy & origin energy – ahuroa gas storage facility ; excellence in health & safety award , mb century – the path to hse excellence ; young energy executive of the year , james kilty – contact energy ; energy executive of the year , patrick strange – transpower ; lines company of the year , powerco ; energy retailer of the year , mercury energy ; editor ' s award for outstanding contribution to the sector , roger sutton .
the trust was established for a period of 80 years . it will continue until 2073 unless it decides that the purpose the trust was established for has been completed .
the capital beneficiaries are hamilton city council ( 63 % ) , waikato district council ( 35 % ) & waipa district council ( 2 % ) . when the trust is wound up these three councils will receive the capital in the percentages outlined .
under the trust deed , the definition of a ‘successful company’ includes not only profitability but the need to exhibit a sense of social responsibility by having regard to the interests of the community and by endeavouring to accommodate or encourage those interests when able to do so .
as per the trust deed , on winding up of the trust in 2073 , the fund will be distributed to territorial authorities ( capital beneficiaries ) in specific proportions ( hamilton city council – 63 % , waikato district council – 35 % , waipa district council – 2 % ) .
the trust held its triennial election in june 2017 . all five of the existing trustees who stood for election were returned to be joined by two new trustees ; mike rolton and craig stephen . those re - elected were mark ingle , denise harding , rob hamill , charlotte isaac and kathryn williams . all trustees bring a wide range of business and community experience and involvements to the trust .
mark is a passionate supporter of all good things waikato and sees the potential the trust has to be influential in the way our region grows into the future . he values fairness and honesty , and always balances commercial objectives with social needs . hamilton is home , and mark graduated from the university of waikato in 1990 , having completed a business management degree , majoring in accounting . mark has spent his working life in service orientated industries , including finance , hospitality and leisure . he has a reputation for making things happen , as seen by the various events he has been involved with and the businesses and organisations he has worked for , and continues to work with . mark is the trust chair and a member of the finance sub - committee .
charlotte has a long involvement in community governance and volunteering ( in performing arts , sports , business and social services sectors ) . her current trustee positions are with dv bryant trust , one of the longest - running philanthropic trusts in the waikato , whose primary objective is to enhance human welfare in the waikato ; and the one victoria trust , which owns and operates the meteor theatre . charlotte was born and raised in hamilton , and is proud to call hamilton home . she is a director and commercial lawyer at davidson twaddle isaac lawyers . charlotte has a huge appreciation of the impact the works of the trust can have on our region , and is committed to ensuring the trust investments in the community are as effective as possible . in particular she is interested in collaborations between other community funders , as she believes working together will achieve great outcomes for our community .
rob is passionate about environmental and healthy community initiatives . he has a special interest in sustainability with a focus on energy production and use . rob is chairman of the energy efficiency sub - committee , responsible for insulating older homes and promoting the use of solar , wind energy and other technologies that ultimately decrease power bills . he also leads the industry portfolio . following his olympic and trans - atlantic ocean rowing challenges , rob developed a career in motivational speaking and promotes rowing via the gallagher great race ( urltoken ) . he is keen to see people connect to our natural world via ocean rowing and other adventures , the latest being the 4caps expedition ( urltoken ) . rob lives in te pahu where he and his wife rachel raise chickens , sheep , bees and three energetic boys . rob can be contacted via urltoken
denise was elected as a trustee in 2008 , she was the trust ' s deputy chair between february 2010 and july 2017 , is chair of the risk management sub - committee , serves on the trust ' s energy efficiency sub - committee and leads the community organisations portfolio . as a trustee of this community trust , denise is keen to promote a greater understanding of the trust within the region and to foster sustainable management of available trust funds to achieve the objectives of the trust . denise has lived in hamilton with her family for over two decades . she has degrees in science , law and social sciences , with a post - graduate diploma in agricultural science . she is also a registered patent & trade mark attorney . denise previously worked in the sciences for 12 years , at massey university , university of waikato and nzed ( electricorp ) . since 1994 she has worked in the legal and patent and trade mark attorney fields , assisting individuals and businesses throughout the region . she was , until recently , actively involved in export waikato for some years , having served as deputy chair on the enz waikato executive committee , and as an enz representative on the combined waikato ema / enz executive committee . denise has recently established her own ip firm .
mike is the general manager of st vincent de paul in hamilton and is involved in a variety of charitable organisations that work in our community . he is a huge advocate in supporting local , looking after the community and creating opportunity for people to feel there is hope . his role at st vincent de paul has set him in good stead to gain an extensive understanding of what is happening at the coalface of our community . his repertoire allows him to provide a balance of management , business analysis , market comprehension and charitable experience . these facets help him contribute to the role the trust plays in the region .
kathryn is passionate about the trust ' s important role in giving back essential and much - needed support to the waikato region ' s community , while supporting growth and investment for future generations . kathryn has a background in health science and business management . for many years she has had numerous commercial and community governance roles , which include fund raising initiatives for hospice waikato and big hearts charitable trust . kathryn is a director / managing director and shareholder of several businesses , including a marketing and advertising agency , an international parking company and a large software company .
the trust office is generally open between 9 . 00 am and 2 . 00 pm , although staff may be in the office outside of these times , and because of limited staffing , there are times when the office is closed during these hours . the trust office is closed on public holidays and during the christmas / new year period . if you wish to meet with a member of the trust ' s staff , we suggest you ring us to make an appointment .
sarah has had 15 years experience in finance and administration roles . she joined the trust after spending a year at home with her firstborn , and she and her husband now have two children . sarah works at the trust on mondays , wednesdays and fridays . she enjoys swimming and spending time with her family .
shelley is originally from auckland and has lived in hamilton since 2001 . she has been in secretarial roles most of her working life and was employed part time in the accountancy sector as an administrator before joining the trust . shelley ' s husband is an electrician by trade and together they have three school - age children .
kiwibuild is an ambitious programme that aims to deliver 100 , 000 quality , affordable homes for first home buyers over the next decade .
the provinces are a key driver of new zealand’s economy and a priority for mbie .
the government is consulting on several changes and proposals that will affect many international visitors travelling to new zealand .
visit our tourism research hub for data and analysis on domestic and international tourism in nz .
we ' ve given the science and innovation portal on our website a refresh , making it easier to navigate and find information .
jobs online measures changes in job vacancies advertised on the two main internet job boards - seek and trade me jobs . it is published each month .
we are interested in hearing from new zealanders about the issues we are working on .
the ministry of business , innovation and employment ( mbie ) has prepared to deal with industrial action from public service association ( psa ) members today .
two companies , which operated as domino’s pizza franchises in auckland , have been penalised $ 32 , 400 for serious breaches of employment law , following a labour inspectorate investigation .
a whangarei man has been prosecuted for doing work that should have been carried out by a licensed building practitioner ( lbp ) with carpentry and roofing licenses .
the ministry of business , innovation and employment ( mbie ) today announced $ 35 . 4 million over six years for three new strategic science platforms undertaking research to improve the performance of new zealand’s seafood , shellfish aquaculture , and hide and skin processing industries .
during the 14 november 2016 kaikōura earthquake , the statistics house building in wellington suffered a partial floor collapse . the ministry of business , innovation and employment ( mbie ) convened an expert panel to understand the factors that led to the partial floor collapse which was concluded in march 2017 .
keeping our staff and our communities safe around power is our highest priority . find out how we get everyone home safe , every day .
view information on key initiatives , forecast investments and long - term strategies for network asset management .
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we ' ve been serving the waikato for 100 years , distributing power from the national grid , connecting over 160 , 000 people to electricity services through 89 , 000 installation connection points .
based in hamilton , we play an essential role in the region ' s economic and social development by identifying and investing in new technologies that will modernise our network and future - proof our region . we’re excited to be broadening our horizons as we diversify from a traditional lines company into a multi - utility .
this is driving our company’s growth strategy and in recent years has seen us exploring not only new ways of ensuring our customers can receive safe and reliable energy but also expanding our commercial interests .
we ' re a major shareholder of ultrafast fibre limited and have shares in opunake hydro ; we ' ve installed fast charging stations across the region to encourage the uptake of electric vehicles , and we ' ve introduced energy efficiency projects such as smart meters , storage and solar power . and that ' s just the start .
everyone wants electricity available at the flick of a switch and that ' s what we try to give you . unfortunately , for various reasons , there are times when we can ' t supply electricity to your home or business so we have a customer promise .
if we can ' t restore your power within the guidelines , we ' ll pay on our promise .
do our best to restore power to hamilton city , huntly and ngaruawahia within three hours of an outage .
do our best to restore power to surrounding rural areas within six hours of an outage .
alert your power supply company of planned outages with at least ten days’ notice .
remember - safety is always our highest priority so we don ' t do any work that could harm our staff or community . if we need to , we’ll disconnect the power supply to complete the work safely .
think you might be entitled to a customer promise payment after an electricity outage ? contact us .
“we are now able to offer a range of a variety of stimulating and exciting activities , and the grant funding has enabled the resources to be purchased to support a range of activities to improve the holistic wellbeing of pacific communities . ”
“i learnt how to achieve or accomplish my short term and long term goals .
- kiwi can kid
the trust has opened a $ 400 , 000 vital impact grants round to target organisations , . . . read more
the official declaration of result of election has been released . . . read more
view more information here . there are currently no application fees for distributed generation connections of less than 10kw .
congestion occurs when localised oversupply of power into the network has the potential to create reversed power flows impacting safety and power quality .
by independent valuers , telfer young ( waikato ) ltd registered valuers using a comparable sales approach .
the group’s electricity distribution network was revalued as at 31 march 2016 to fair value by independent expert .
measurement . the valuation was prepared using discounted cash flow methodology . it is a level 3 valuation .
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it ensures we continue to provide a strong , safe , efficient , and reliable supply for our customers while reflecting our vision of enabling our communities to thrive .
the 2018 asset management plan covers the planning period from 1 april 2018 to 31 march 2028 and provides the latest information relating to our key initiatives , performance , forecast network and non - network investments and our long - term strategies for asset management .
the amp applies for the 10 year planning period from 1 april 2016 until 31 march 2026 .
the amp contains the information specified in the electricity distribution information disclosure . determination under part 4 of the commerce act , 1996 .
as at 31 march 2017 the group had a $ 5 million contingent liability in relation to a guarantee ( 2016 : $ nil ) .
high load management if you ' re relocating a house or heavy machinery , contact us to assist you and prevent undue damage to the network . we ' ll make sure all conductors are lifted or temporarily removed to ensure the road is clear . please note - this work is usually completed during the night when traffic is low .
24 hour first response and restorative second response to faults our first response technicians identify faults and put in place all necessary safety measures and fixes . if the fault is significant the second response team is then dispatched - for example , to assist in the replacement of a pole .
capital replacement or new capital works if you require ageing or damaged / irreparable assets to be replaced or need a new asset to be installed our technicians are fully trained and licensed to do so .
installation of thewaikato smart network project is nearing completion with almost all advanced meters now installed .
the group leases land , premises and vehicles . operating leases held over properties give the group the right to renew the lease subject
to a predetermination of the lease rental by the lessor . there are no options to purchase in respect of land and premises held under
all subsidiaries have balance dates of 31 march and are incorporated in new zealand . the parent company has a 100 % direct interest
who both retired in september 2014 . all of these persons were also directors during the year ended 31 march 2014 , except for b s harris
the directors and key management personnel compensation for the years ended 31 march 2015 and 31 march 2014 is set out below .
the weighted average effective tax rate was 31 % ( 2014 : 28 % ) .
the company is a limited liability company incorporated in new zealand . the address of its registered office is 114 maui street , hamilton .
these consolidated financial statements have been approved for issue by the board of directors on 29 may 2015 . once issued the entity’s
the principal accounting policies applied in the preparation of these consolidated financial statements are set out below . these policies
amendments to ensure the standards appropriately reflect the legislative changes . the amendment impacts various accounting standards ,
including nz ifrs 7 and the definition of a deposit taker , nz ias 1 and references to the financial reporting act 1993 .
result in a material impact on the group’s or company’s financial statements . the following new standards are applicable to the group :
from an entity’s contracts with customers . revenue is recognised when a customer obtains control of a good or service and thus has the
ability to direct the use and obtain the benefits from the good or service . the standard replaces nz ias 18 ‘revenue’and nz ias 11
earlier application is permitted . the group intends to adopt nz ifrs 15 on its effective date . this standard is not expected to significantly
additions of distribution system cost includes $ 631 , 000 ( 2014 : $ 169 , 000 ) of interest capitalised at an average borrowing rate of 4 . 92 % .
registered valuers . buildings are recorded at purchase price following the acquisition in october 2012 .
the company’s electricity distribution network was revalued as at 31 march 2013 to fair value by deloitte . the fair values were established
in accordance with nz ias 16 - property , plant and equipment and subsequent years ifrs 13 fair value measurement . the valuation was
prepared using discounted cash flow methodology . this valuation was reviewed by deloitte at 31 march 2015 to ensure it still represented
electricity distribution prices , operating and capital expenditure associated with existing assets , and the discount rate .
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the company undertakes transactions with entities in which directors have disclosed an interest in the normal course of business .
other than the payment of directors fees ( refer note 6 ) the group has not entered into any transactions with directors .
no dividends have been paid during the year ( 2014 : $ 10 . 0 million ) .
at the 31st of march 2015 uff owed $ 7 . 058 million townl . included in this is $ 3 . 9 million accrued connection assets which were
it has a certain number of design limitations , but fully represents the content .
of any previous equity interest in the acquiree over the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill . if the total of
of the subsidiary acquired in the case of a bargain purchase , the difference is recognised directly in the income statement .
inter - company transactions , balances and unrealised gains on transactions between group companies are eliminated . unrealised losses are
also eliminated . when necessary amounts reported by subsidiaries have been adjusted to conform with the group’s accounting policies .
group’s share of the post - acquisition profits or losses and movements in other comprehensive income . when the group’s share of losses in a
joint ventures . unrealised losses are also eliminated unless the transaction provides evidence of an impairment of the asset transferred .
accounting policies of the joint ventures have been changed where necessary to ensure consistency with the policies adopted by the group .
transactions with the owners in their capacity as owners . the difference between fair value of any consideration paid and the relevant
share acquired of the carrying value of net assets of the subsidiary is recorded in equity . gains or losses on disposal to non - controlling
is carried at cost by the parent entity . under the equity method , the share of profits or losses of the joint venture is recognised in the
statement of comprehensive income , and the share of movements in reserves is recognised in reserves in the balance sheet .
the parent and the consolidated entity are designated as profit oriented entities for financial reporting purposes .
environment in which the entity operates ( ‘the functional currency’ ) . the consolidated and parent financial statements are presented in
new zealand dollars , rounded to the nearest $ 1 , 000 , which is the company’s functional and presentation currency .
rob has over 30 years’ experience in investment management and corporate governance . he is currently the chair of tourism holdings limited , summerset group holdings limited and skycity entertainment group . he is also a director of precinct properties limited and various substantial private companies based in australia and new zealand . in addition , rob is a director of , or advisor to , a number of hedge and private equity funds in several countries . he trained as an economist and has worked in a variety of capital market advisory and governance roles over a long period . rob was appointed to the board in june 2017 .
barry has extensive governance and executive experience . he is currently the chair of new zealand food innovation ( waikato ) limited and mcfall fuels limited . barry is also a director of dairynz , dexcel limited , tb free new zealand limited , national animal identification and tracing ( nait ) limited , te awa river trust trustee and ospri ( formerly animal health board ) . throughout his career , barry has held a number of chief executive roles , including for environment waikato , greater wellington regional council and hamilton city council . he was also a senior executive with fonterra for five years . some of barry’s previous directorships include centreport , rd1 , international nutritionals , hamilton riverside hotels and local authority shared services . barry was appointed to the board in october 2014 .
tony has had an extensive career in professional practice as a chartered accountant specialising in business advisory services . since retiring from kpmg tony has accepted appointments as an independent director of several local private companies including maisey group limited . tony has been an independent director and chair of maisey group limited since 2002 . he also sits on the boards of several subsidiaries of maisey group limited in both new zealand and australia . tony is a fellow of both the institute of directors and chartered accountants australia and new zealand . tony was appointed to the board in october 2010 .
carolyn has substantial experience in capital markets , mergers and acquisitions and investment management . she is currently a director of metlifecare limited , green cross health limited and halberg disability sport foundation . carolyn is also a trustee of the new zealand football foundation and previous director of datacom group limited . until 2016 , carolyn was a portfolio manager at guardians of new zealand superannuation , the crown entity that manages the new zealand superannuation fund . prior to joining the guardians in 2010 , carolyn spent ten years in investment banking at forsyth barr and credit suisse / first nz capital . carolyn was appointed to the board in june 2017 .
geoff has 36 years of experience in the technology industry in new zealand and overseas . he is currently the chair of auror limited and a director of howard & company and te tira toi whakangao . he is also a beachheads advisor to new zealand trade & enterprise , and a board trustee of the valens group charitable trust . geoff has previously held directorships with ngai tahu farming and pivot software limited , and was the first elected chairman of the industry body nz tech . geoff was appointed to the board in june 2018 .
tony has 30 years’ broad business experience in the utilities , media , hr services , technology and cyber security sectors in new zealand , australia and the uk . tony is currently ceo of it security specialist cyber research group ltd . he has previously served as ceo of lse - listed smart metering pioneer bglobal plc , utility market software company utilisoft , electricity retail outsourcer mbcglobal , and as coo of asx - listed hr services provider chandler macleod group . tony is a certified information systems security professional ( cissp ) and is a member of the australian institute of company directors . tony was appointed to the board in june 2018 .
carolyn has extensive executive and commercial experience across a range of industries including telecommunications , media and technology . she is currently an independent director of ziera shoes nz limited and the general manager of enterprise solutions and new zealand at myob group ltd . carolyn is also on the advisory board for nz asian leaders . throughout her career , carolyn has grown her governance experience through a range of directorships , including for the chinese nz herald , nzme and mercury nz limited ( formerly mighty river power limited ) . she is a chartered member of the institute of directors and was a key member of the leadership team that transformed three businesses into nzme . carolyn was appointed to the board in june 2018 .
keith is a chartered accountant in practice in auckland and is primarily a professional director sitting on the boards of companies involved in the energy , health , distribution , trades ( in both australia and new zealand ) and hospitality sectors . keith has had a lengthy experience in the technology sector having chaired one of new zealand’s first isp’s , ihug ltd and was subsequently appointed deputy chair of asx listed iinet pty ltd . following his resignation from iinet he joined the board of callplus / slingshot until it was sold in 2015 . keith also acts as an expert witness in the high court and family court on commercial and family matters and has held high court appointments . keith has been an ultrafast fibre director since april 2017 .
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