urltoken , llc is a destination-specific online travel agency ( ota ) founded in 1998 and headquartered in las vegas , nevada .

urltoken provides extensive travel content and books discounted travel products including hotel rooms , air-hotel packages , show tickets , tours , dining , golf , and other activities exclusively for the las vegas destination .

urltoken was one of the greenspun corporation 's family of companies .

vegas . com

you have browser settings that are limiting the way the urltoken website looks and behaves . to use urltoken as it is intended , you will need to make a few simple adjustments to your browser settings .
urltoken is strictly an informative website and in no way guarantees any rates , details or promotions displayed on the site . las vegas promotion codes and coupons are subject to change without immediate update on urltoken .
contact reporter howard stutz at hstutz @ urltoken or 702 - 477 - 3871 . follow @ howardstutz on twitter .
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the convention and visitors authority ' s urltoken site is touting a two - night , $ 699 package for two at the flamingo that includes an open - bar new year ' s eve dinner and party . deals also are available on urltoken .
the answer is that urltoken is dedicated to selling and promoting the las vegas tourism product . perhaps just as accurate , urltoken is embodied in its president , howard lefkowitz , mimicking the company ' s own slogan ,
it ' s who you know .
urltoken explores the history of the downtown las vegas area and combines the history with the many collectibles that have appeared over the years .
while all benefit from urltoken ' s success , none can compete as the company continually invests in innovative technology that keeps reducing its costs while consistently driving interest from consumers .
i think so . millions of travelers can ' t be wrong in making their internet choices . and the choices of those millions are tabulated on www . alexa . com , which ranks the popularity of travel web sites , starting with urltoken ( no . 1 in popularity ) and proceeding on to urltoken ( no . 500 ) and beyond .
wednesday , the only rooms available at the popular bellagio and venetian hotels started at $ 699 . urltoken was offering a $ 179 new year ' s eve rate at palace station .
for instance , the company uses telephony over the internet from nortel network , giving the company call center more flexibility and speed , while allowing better data storage and interaction with the consumer . last october , urltoken entered into an agreement with sennari inc . to create a mobile urltoken , allowing consumers to buy tickets for a sold - out show and enter seconds after the end of the transaction .
as the city is set to surpass its highest historical visitor volumes and revenue totals in 2004 , urltoken is positioning itself and the city to continue the trend and reap the benefits for years to come .
of the various series of travel books , only the web sites of my own urltoken and urltoken are found in the top 50 ( which is not why i chose to write about this subject ) . the continued heavy use of travel agents ( and not the internet ) to make cruise reservations probably accounts for the fact that none of the web sites of the big cruise lines is found in the top 50 , although the web site of one major cruise discounter - - www . vacationstogo . com - - is .
with both the original english site as well as four - month old spanish site , urltoken offers about 70 , 000 web pages of comprehensive information and deals on just about every offering in the city any tourist could want from simple airplane and room bookings to seats for sold - out shows and wild weddings .
urltoken offers the best package deals on las vegas vacations . with more than 400 airlines from 1 , 700 departure cities plus world - class vegas resorts , we can help you create a great vacation package for the best price . and , booking your flight and hotel room together can help you save on the entire package .
part of the greenspun media group , urltoken is a multimedia travel company . defining its structure , however , is a bit more difficult . like the language found in the superman comic books , it is hard to judge whether it is a web site or a call center , a travel booking agent or a television production studio .
still , the business is about business and the success has been astounding since lefkowitz ' s arrival . in that time , the staff has grown from 28 to 120 , with call center staff increasing from 3 to 70 over the same period . in october , urltoken consolidated its operations in four different locations to a 25 , 000 square - foot space in henderson .
what you put is decided by what you have . by serving approximately 25 percent of all pages coming out of the city , urltoken has reached a point that no property or operation can avoid providing the web site updated information , even though many companies , particularly hotels , are creating web sites and call centers to do more of the booking themselves and avoid the commission .
new year ' s eve is traditionally the busiest night in vegas . a cork - popping 300 , 000 visitors are expected to ring in 2005 , adds howard lefkowitz , president of urltoken , a one - stop - shopping web site for hotel / air deals , shows and party reservations . demand is so strong that the cost of dec . 31 hotel rooms is up 15 % over last year , he says .
urltoken has got the best deals on las vegas hotels of every type to help you find the perfect room that will fit your budget . looking for a cheap stay in a clean cubby ? no problem . how about suites of epic grandeur in luxury las vegas resorts ? yep , got ' em too . before you make your las vegas hotel reservations read hotel reviews from people who ' ve actually stayed there…so you ' ll know you ' re making the right choice .
in addition , urltoken has capitalized on lefkowitz ' s broadcast and production experience , forming studio vegas about eight months ago . the division has produced the vegas minute , a 30 - second spot being shown on local news channels across the nation . used as a promotional tool primarily , the production unit also produced the new year event entitled
america ' s party on fox
and produces
vegas live
with clint holmes and sheena easton . it is looking to go to syndication .
also appearing in the top 50 are the heavily used web sites of five popular hotel chains and four overseas airlines . you ' re familiar with all of them . two are the heavily used currency web urltoken and www . oanda . com - - enabling you to know the exchange rates for your u . s . dollar ; and one is the canadian version of expedia . it ' s in the remaining 19 where we find useful sites that , popular as they might be , are still not known to everyone .
the result has been the most viewed city and travel web site in the world , with 20 million page views and 800 , 000 unique visitors a month .
when people hear ' urltoken ' and ' dot - com ' in general , they think of four guys in a room with pizzas shoved under the door ,
says lefkowitz .
the drunken sailor of investment banking and venture capital of the late 1990s was the [ other ] end of the ridiculous pendulum of the internet . they don ' t realize there are sites that are making money and bring a lot of value . the internet is not really a new medium per se . it ' s just a network . what you put over that network is the difference .
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the bawdy , gaudy gaming capital is dealing out new attractions and expecting a record number of visitors — 37 million — by year ' s end . new year ' s weekend , when the city kicks off its 100th anniversary celebration , also could to be a record breaker . ( photo gallery : las vegas )
hotels and attractions are
continually amping up . . . and there ' s no doubt about it , the rebound ( since 9 / 11 ) is complete ,
says erika yowell of the las vegas convention and visitors authority . those racy , award - winning
what happens here , stays here
vegas tv commercials didn ' t hurt , either .
yowell says the average daily room rate in vegas from january through september was $ 89 . 19 this year , up from $ 82 . 20 for the same period of 2003 .
other new year ' s eve highlights : the city ' s largest - ever fireworks display up and down the strip and a downtown street party , also heralding the centennial . the city officially turns 100 may 15 .
meanwhile , a three - level expansion of the forum shops at caesars palace just opened and cirque du soleil unveiled a martial - arts - themed spectacle called kà at the mgm grand . this month , 51 luxury loft accommodations will open atop the mgm grand ; 928 new rooms and suites are due in a spa tower at the bellagio . the 548 - room renaissance las vegas hotel just arrived next to the convention center , and big - name restaurants ( such as a branch of miami beach favorite joe ' s stone crab in the forum shops ) keep opening .
there are
something like $ 6 billion in construction projects
right now , yowell says . coming attractions include :
• 3 , 025 suites in a tower next to the venetian . affiliated with the venetian , the hotel will have its own identity .
vegas casino mogul steve wynn also has a card up his sleeve . it ' s the 2 , 700 - room wynn las vegas , a much - awaited mega - resort due on the strip in april .
great news ! as an email subscriber , you have immediate and exclusive access to our best rates : our insider pricing deals . do a search below to see deals on your dates , then look for the tag
in two and a half years , he has driven the company ' s expansion to boundaries that are actually testing new technological frontiers in ways that have brought national media attention . just as well , he has managed the company ' s business growth to phenomenal levels at the same time .
having been involved in the development of the internet from the beginning and one of the few to find it profitable , as well working with new technologies and formats in television , cable and even ticketing , lefkowitz ' s experience can almost prove the old axiom about change and staying the same . if anything , he would only add that business success is in the dynamic tension between the two .
the internet changes everything but it doesn ' t change 100 years of human behavior ,
he says .
it doesn ' t replace all the things people have become accustomed to . the technology , like the internet itself , is a tool . it ' s not a business . it ' s just a tool . here , our business drives our technology . it ' s not our technology driving our business .
lefkowitz compares the evolution of the relationship between his company and tourism product providers to that between hollywood studios and the home video industry . initially antagonistic , home video provide about 45 percent of the total revenue stream for all major studios .
all of our tourism partners provide us information as quickly as possible because we are the largest purveyor of web pages about vegas ,
he says .
we ' re building this local infrastructure platform specifically for the community so it has the ability to grow on an overall basis without having to worry too much about the overall infrastructure . that ' s hard for the casinos [ to do ] . they ' re much larger . they have sunk infrastructure costs and already existing systems . it ' s very difficult to maneuver a large cruise ship as opposed to this cigarette boat . . . the bottom line is that a rising tide brings up all boats .
it ain ' t easy , it ain ' t cheap , it doesn ' t happen overnight and sometimes it even works ,
said lefkowitz .
after all , it is technology . you have to stay on top of the technology but that ' s kind of like taking out the laundry . if you don ' t have clean clothes , you can ' t go to work .
perhaps just as important , the ability to pay for it has matched if not overtaken that pace . in 2003 , revenues grew by 475 percent from the previous and 15 times since 2001 to reach the
scores of millions
of dollars , with travel insiders saying it is closer to $ 80 million than $ 40 million .
for lefkowitz , who participated in the founding and growth of companies such as earthlink , ebay , home shopping network and others , it is not knowledge of success but the ability to learn it which makes it all work .
i ' ve been fortunate in my career because i ' ve been around a series of different media companies and what i ' ve managed to do is try to continue to grow in my expertise because business people don ' t understand technology people and vice - versa ,
he says .
i know enough about technology and enough about business to walk the line . i like to call it the high priesthood of technology . sometimes they say things because they can and they know the business guy isn ' t going to get it . sometimes they do it intentionally and sometimes they do it unintentionally , but the business guy doesn ' t want to admit his ignorance and lack of understanding . so it ' s like a wall . because i ' ve been around these things for a number of years , i sort of can straddle the wall .
the state bar of nevada named joice bass and daniel ivie to two - year terms on the southern district standing lawyer advertising advisory committee . they are lawyers with lewis & roca , a law firm with offices in las vegas .
territory , a commercial development , brokerage and management company , named jeanna gaitan development coordinator and mignon santos executive assistant .
korte co . , a st . louis - based construction company , named john darin project architect in las vegas .
medici café & terrace at the ritz - carlton , lake las vegas named michael klinger chef de cuisine .
allegiant travel co . , the parent of las vegas discount flier allegiant air , named john redmond to its board of directors .
inside business is prepared by the las vegas business press . send information about new hires , promotions and new businesses to las vegas business press , 1111 w . bonanza road , las vegas , nv 89119 ; fax to 380 - 4540 ; or e - mail to scureton @ lvbusinesspress . com . to subscribe to the las vegas business press , call 383 - 0400 .
exhale nevada ceo pete findley talks about the one year anniversary of the legalization of recreational marijuana in nevada . ( k . m . cannon / las vegas review - journal )
financial advisors talk about saving trends among young adults . ( bailey schulz / las vegas review - journal )
president donald trump made his fortune in real estate , but by slapping tariffs on imports from close allies , developers in las vegas and other cities could get hit hard .
barry yost , co - owner of precision tube laser , llc , places a metal pipe into the trulaser tube 5000 laser cutting machine on wednesday , june 20 , 2018 , in las vegas . bizuayehu tesfaye / las vegas review - journal @ bizutesfaye
the director of the nevada film office discusses its revamped locations database and how it will affect local businesses . ( bailey schulz / las vegas review - journal )
unlike most house flippers , the company aims to make money from transaction costs rather than from selling homes for more than their purchase price .
gondolier marciano sings a the classic italian song
volare
as he leads guests through the canals of the venetian in las vegas . ( k . m . cannon / las vegas review - journal )
texas homebuilder d . r . horton bought 43 lots in rural logandale . ( eli segall / las vegas review - journal )
experts discuss nevada ' s indoor farming industry . ( bailey schulz / las vegas review - journal )
months after developer steve witkoff bought the fontainebleau last summer , he unveiled plans to turn the mothballed hotel into a marriott - managed resort called the drew . but if richard “boz” bosworth’s plans didn’t fall through , the north las vegas strip tower could have become a waldorf astoria with several floors of timeshare units . ( eli segall / las vegas review - journal )
rossi ralenkotter , ceo of the lvcva , on tuesday confirmed a las vegas review - journal report that he is preparing to retire . richard n . velotta / las vegas review - journal
cousins maine lobster food truck company will open inside las vegas’ two newest smith’s at skye canyon park drive and u . s . highway 95 , and at warm springs road and durango drive . cousins currently sells outside some las vegas smith’s stores and at fremont street and las vegas boulevard . ( k . m . cannon / las vegas review - journal )
lawrence yun , chief economist at the national association of realtors , gives homebuyers a pulse on the las vegas housing market . ( eli segall / las vegas review - journal )
the company is planning to add six solar projects in nevada , along with the state ' s first major battery energy storage capacity . bailey schulz / las vegas review - journal
days after new sexual misconduct allegations were made against celebrity chef mario batali , his company announced friday that it will close its three las vegas restaurants july 27 . employees of carnevino italian steakhouse , b & b ristorante and otto enoteca e pizzeria , all located in the venetian and palazzo resorts , were informed of the decision friday morning . bastianich is scheduled to visit the restaurants friday to speak to employees about the next two months of operation as well as how the company plans to help them transition to new positions .
the learning center education company in las vegas has launched the first apprenticeship program for cybersecurity in nevada . it was approved by the state apprenticeship council on may 15 . ( k . m . cannon / las vegas review - journal )
thousands of las vegas union members voting tuesday morning to authorize the right to strike . a “yes” vote would give the union negotiating committee the power to call a strike anytime after june 1 at the resorts that fail to reach an agreement . ( todd prince / las vegas review - journal )
a 2018 survey found that over two - thirds of small businesses in nevada find it somewhat to very difficult to recruit qualified candidates . bailey schulz / las vegas review - journal
property developer andy pham tells how control of his business was easily seized by another person using the secretary of state website .
less than a year - and - a - half after it opened , the lucky dragon was in bankruptcy .
grocery stores used to draw people to shopping centers . but many large retail spaces have been vacant since 2008 . discount stores like goodwill and gyms like eos fitness are filling those empty spaces , and helping to draw shoppers back in . k . m . cannon / las vegas review - journal
the stadium is funded in part by $ 750 million of room taxes , the biggest such tax subsidy ever for a professional sports stadium . robert lang , executive director of brookings mountain west and the lincy institute at unlv , says that is a good use of public funds . ( richard velotta / las vegas review - journal )
robert lang , executive director of brookings mountain west and the lincy institute said he is afraid of a
congestion mobility crisis .
las vegas needs a light rail system , he said , to accommodate the city ' s growing number of attractions . ( richard velotta / las vegas review - journal )
matt maddox came out swinging in his first earnings conference call as wynn resorts chief executive officer , boasting of record las vegas quarterly revenues and applicants lining up for work .
sneak peak at the new
star wars : secrets of the empire
vr experience at the grand canal shoppes .
elaine wynn , the largest shareholder of wynn resorts ltd . , is seeking to kick a friend of her ex - husband steve wynn off the company’s board of directors . ( todd prince / las vegas review - journal )
las vegas review - journal real estate reporter eli segall says flipping houses has waned in popularity after the housing bubble burst .
ellis island , which operates a casino , brewery and hotel just off the strip , purchased the mt . charleston lodge in early april .
nevada gaming commission chairman tony alamo talks about an amendment making casinos subject to the same disciplinary standards of preventing people to gamble if impaired by drugs as they are for letting them play while intoxicated by alcohol .
wheels wars : construction delays in dubai , new york mean las . . .
las vegas artist behind lady liberty statue to get $ 3 . 5m from . . .
las vegas artist behind lady liberty statue to get $ 3 . 5m from usps
but the first 50 most popular travel web sites are enough to provide us with important leads .
of those first 50 most popular travel web sites , six are heavily used u . s . - related airfare search engines ( orbitz , travelocity , expedia and all the rest ) , with which almost all american travelers are already familiar . eleven are the sites of the biggest u . s . airlines , starting with southwest and american airlines , and two are the largest cut - rate airlines of europe - - ryanair and easyjet .
one of those 19 is the extremely handy , european - operated www . venere . com , which provides rates for thousands of hotels in europe , north africa , the middle east and elsewhere , of which many prices are specially discounted for the site .
another remarkable site in the remaining 19 is www . vrbo . com , standing for
vacation rentals by owner ,
listing u . s . vacation homes and their rates , as offered directly by the people who own them .
of the rental - car firms , only the web site of enterprise rent - a - car is in the top 50 ( and thus in the remaining 19 ) , confirming the surprising fact that enterprise might be the largest u . s . car - rental organization .
and finally , if you ' ve ever consulted the various web sites for hotel reservations in las vegas , you ' ll feel pleased that the impressive www . vegas . com , operated by the city ' s major newspaper , the las vegas sun , is found in the 50 most popular web sites . it ' s a model for web sites dealing with any location .
to consult the entire list of the 50 most popular web sites , go to www . alexa . com , click on
travel
( under recreation ) , then on
most popular in travel ,
and under that listing , click on
see top sites in all travel categories ,
which will lead you to the top 50 .
air fracas : a plan by 27 airlines to establish a web site . . .
the parent company of the las vegas sun “consolidated” its operations wednesday , naming the president of the greenspun corp . to also oversee the previously separate greenspun media group .
paul hamilton , who became president and chief executive officer of the greenspun corp . in april , will assume a similar role with greenspun media , which publishes the sun , vegas inc . , las vegas weekly , las vegas magazine and vegas2go .
in an email wednesday afternoon to the staff at the sun and greenspun media , brian greenspun , publisher and editor of the sun and greenspun media , said , “in an effort to consolidate the greenspun family businesses , paul hamilton , president of the greenspun corporation , has been appointed president of greenspun media group . i will remain publisher and editor of the greenspun media entities . i know you will all join me in congratulating paul . ”
it’s unclear whether greenspun will now report to hamilton , or what impact the change may have on the sun .
greenspun took over day - to - day operations of greenspun media in september 2011 .
according to a story posted on the vegas inc . website in april , hamilton is a founding principal of province advisors . he has more than 15 years of experience providing advisory services to privately held companies , repositioning them for growth and create long - term value .
the greenspun corp . includes the media group , travel website vegas . com , developer american nevada co . , greenspun gaming , an investment portfolio and the greenspun family charitable foundation .
the las vegas sun is an eight - to 12 - page daily insert delivered with the las vegas review - journal . the paper derives most of its revenue from a joint operating agreement with r - j owner stephens media .
greenspun family patriarch hank greenspun began the las vegas sun when he acquired the remnants of a newspaper started by the international typographical union . first published in may 1950 as the las vegas free press , the paper’s name was changed to las vegas sun in july of that year .
hank greenspun died in 1989 , the same year his family signed the joint operating agreement with the review - journal . over the years , the greenspun family moved beyond publishing into other businesses that have been hit hard by the recession and housing bust .
the family launched american nevada co . in 1974 . the real estate development arm was responsible for the 8 , 400 - acre green valley in henderson , southern nevada’s first master - planned community .
the greenspuns became partners in several gaming projects with station casinos , including ownership in green valley ranch resort and aliante station . that investment was lost through station casinos’ 2011 bankruptcy reorganization .
the greenspuns still have a stake in three station casinos properties : barley’s casino , the greens and the wildfire lanes .
the las vegas sun was a part owner in las vegas 1 , a failed cable television channel , and the greenspuns invested heavily in the las vegas sun’s website and have been criticized for winning awards with it while producing little revenue .
the las vegas sun produced the short - lived 702 . tv , a nightly television show on the las vegas entertainment scene that was created for las vegas 1 . the plug was pulled on the show after just a few months .
the sun went through a series of layoffs in 2009 , 2010 and 2011 , eliminating an estimated 75 editorial staffers .
the review - journal also cut staff from each of its departments in 2011 , including the newsroom , in an ongoing effort to reduce costs and make operations more efficient . in august , the review - journal reorganized its newsroom by adding two new deputy editors and eliminating other senior management positions .
* sample prices shown are for select midweek ( sun - thu ) dates . offer subject to change . prices do not include taxes and fees . based on availability .
few things in life are better than a great deal . there ' s nothing cooler than getting what you want and paying less for it . these las vegas deals , discounts and special offers will make your head spin – in all the best ways . create your experience with las vegas discounts you won ' t find anywhere else .
get discount tickets on the best shows in las vegas , and save on tours you might otherwise miss . from individual opportunities to full out vacations , these exclusive discounts put vegas within your reach .
vegas hotel deals , vegas show deals , vegas tour deals , we have ' em . so check back often and see what las vegas deals you can find . our deals are changing daily and we ' re always bringing you the latest and best savings on all the amazing things to do in las vegas .
when you ' re coming to vegas , you want to get the most bang for your buck . that ' s why we ' re here to help you score the deals you crave and discounts you deserve . after all , the only thing better than a great deal is getting that great deal in vegas .
* terms and conditions of hotel promotions : qualifying booking and stay dates vary by promotion . click on the individual promotion links for specific promotion details and terms and conditions . blackout dates may apply . offers have no cash value and become void if qualifying booking is cancelled . all promotions subject to availability . management reserves all rights . promotions subject to change or termination at any time , without notice .
booking one of our air + hotel packages means taking the guess work out of organizing your trip . you’ll get high - quality service to help you book your flight to vegas and get you set up in one of our outstanding hotels . you’ll be able to sit back , relax and dream of coming to las vegas . you know , more than you do already . the only thing you’ll have left to worry about is finding a restaurant everyone can agree on .
at vegas . com , we bring you the very best in las vegas packages to deliver everything vegas as easily as possible . browse below or contact our vegas insiders to see what we have to offer to make your las vegas vacation the best ever . and once you ' ve gotten the best price on your air + hotel package , be sure to check out our tours , attractions and shows to make your las vegas vacation complete .
there are so many vegas shows you can ' t possibly see them all , but that doesn’t mean you shouldn’t try . good thing we’ve got tickets for all of them .
kà by cirque du soleil is the troupe ' s first production to feature a cinematic story line while maintaining flawless imagery , music , martial arts and acrobatics .
acrobats , divas , magicians , jokesters , showgirls and puppets . there are so many shows in las vegas that you can ' t possibly take them all in , but there ' s not a doubt you will find something that will blow you away . good thing we have las vegas discount show tickets to all of them .
there are plenty of shows to see in the entertainment capital of the world . however , sometimes figuring out things like where to park , how early to get there and what to wear can make your show going experience a little stressful . after seeing countless revues on the las vegas strip , i’ve put together a list of tips to help others when it’s show time in vegas .
when you book your tickets make sure to check if you have assigned seating or if the tickets are for general admission . general admission tickets mean that seats are available on a first come , first serve basis . if this is the case , get to the show at least a good half hour before the show starts to give yourself more options when it comes to selecting a good seat .
smoking is not allowed in any show room . if you need to take a smoke break , you ' ll have to leave the showroom and the theater lobby and walk out into the casino floor where smoking is allowed .
classic vegas showrooms like where donny and marie perform at the flamingo offer both table and booth seats . booth seats are situated so that they face the stage . there are usually four seats to a booth . be prepared to sit with another couple if it ' s just two of you . table seats are situated so that the short end of the table faces the stage , and the people sitting at the table face each other . depending upon your preferences , it might be worth it for you to pay the extra money for a booth seat so that you can be more comfortable and sit facing the stage .
back in the day , seeing an act in vegas and having dinner as part of your show experience was common . today most of the showrooms have done away with the dinner and show concept . however , there are revues that continue to include food , like the tournament of kings at excalibur .
when going to see a show it’s always better to get there early . allow yourself plenty of time for parking and walking through the casino to the theater .
if you have tickets on hold , make sure to bring your i . d . box office attendants use this to verify that the tickets are going to the right person . if you don’t have your i . d . , they won’t release your tickets .
if you’re someone who gets cold easily , bring a jacket . some of the theaters can get a little chilly , even in the summer . having a jacket to put on during the show will save you from shivering in your seat the whole time .
speaking of things to wear , there isn’t a dress code at most of the major production shows in vegas . as long as you’re wearing shoes and a shirt , you’re in . however , some of the shows that take place in lounges do ask that you dress for the occasion .
* sample prices for shows include taxes but do not include per ticket fees . all offers and pricing are based on availability .
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the history of las vegas is fascinating . from its earliest days as a native american oasis , to the wild west , to today ' s glittering global tourism mecca , las vegas has seen and done it all .
archibald and helen stewart acquire las vegas rancho from octavius decatur gass for $ 5000 . 00 .
helen j . stewart sells las vegas rancho to montana senator william a . clark for $ 55000 . 00 .
town of las vegas established with the opening of the salt lake , san pedro & los angeles railroad .
clark county population 16 , 414 ( las vegas - 8 , 422 ) .
el rancho vegas opens on the strip . el cortez hotel opens in downtown las vegas . el rancho destroyed by fire 19 years later .
maxwell kelch of las vegas chamber of commerce establishes desert sea news bureau to promote las vegas through photography . name changed to las vegas news bureau in 1949
clark county population 48 , 289 . ( las vegas - 24 , 624 . )
gaming control strengthened . gaming control board created within the nevada tax commission by the legislature .
las vegas convention center opens . the nevada gaming commission is created by the legislature .
clark county population 127 , 016 . ( las vegas - 64 , 405 . )
howard hughes arrives to live at desert inn . hughes made his first impact in las vegas in the early 1940 ' s when he bought up the land that is now summerlin to build an aircraft factory
nevada ' s legislature passes a law allowing publicly traded corporations to obtain gambling licenses . the law is refined in 1969 .
clark county population 273 , 288 . ( las vegas - 125 , 787 . )
clark county gaming revenues first crack $ 1 billion mark . the nevada legislature passes a foreign gaming law allowing nevada - based casino owners to operate casinos outside nevada ' s borders .
clark county population hits 461 , 816 ( las vegas - 164 , 674 ) as las vegas celebrates 75th birthday .
excalibur opens june 19 , to date the world ' s largest resort hotel with 4 , 032 rooms .
dunes hotel sold to steve wynn ' s mirage inc . ; the north tower and dunes sign imploded october 27 .
money won by nevada casinos tops the $ 6 billion mark for the first time .
itt sheraton corp . purchases desert inn hotel from kirk kerkorian ' s tracinda corp .
mgm grand hotel and theme park opens december 18 , with 5 , 005 rooms and a 171 , 500 - square - foot casino ; to date the largest resort hotel - casino in the world .
nevada legislature passes enabling legislation for financing of
the fremont street experience .
buffalo bill ' s in primm and boulder station casino on boulder highway in las vegas open .
plans to construct new york - new york hotel casino at the intersection of the strip and tropicana avenue announced jointly by mgm grand and primadonna resorts .
work begins on fremont street experience . downtown fremont street is permanently closed to automobile traffic on september 7 .
the first scheduled condor charter flight to las vegas from cologne , germany , lands november 7 at mccarran international airport .
sam ' s town on boulder highway expands with the opening of a 650 - room tower and lush , plant - filled atrium .
a 300 - room hotel - casino named boomtown opens on blue diamond road at i - 15 .
four skywalks are built over the intersection of tropicana boulevard and the las vegas strip .
mccarran opens interstate 15 - airport connector road system that tunnels under the east - west runways .
the fiesta , the first hotel - casino in north las vegas , opens with 100 rooms .
vegas world closes its doors february 1 for work on a casino complex and the stratosphere tower .
$ 25 million monorail begins running between mgm grand and bally ' s hotel - casinos on june 14 .
bill bennett retires from circus circus enterprises , then buys the sahara hotel - casino from paul and sue lowden .
itt corp . buys caesars world inc . for $ 1 . 7 billion , including caesars palace on the las vegas strip .
construction begins on steve wynn ' s 46 - story , $ 1 . 7 billion 3 , 000 - room bellagio , located at the intersection of flamingo road and the las vegas strip .
the face of downtown las vegas changes forever with the december 14 opening of the $ 70 million fremont street experience .
las vegas reports a 29 million visitor volume for the year . statewide gross gaming revenue surpasses $ 7 . 3 billion . clark county produced $ 5 . 7 billion of the state ' s gaming revenue total .
ground breaking ceremonies for las vegas hilton ' s
star trek : the experience
held on january 24 .
the $ 13 million las vegas strip beautification project , in which 76 , 000 palms , shrubs , flowering foliage and ground covers were planted , is finished in march .
wayne newton celebrates 25 , 000th las vegas performance . siegfried and roy celebrate 15 , 000th las vegas performance .
work is completed on the desert inn road arterial , creating the first tunnel under the las vegas strip .
stratosphere tower , the tallest free - standing observation tower in the u . s . and the tallest structure west of the mississippi river , opens april 30 .
hilton hotels corp . purchases bally ' s entertainment corp . , parent company of bally ' s hotel and casino on the las vegas strip for $ 3 billion .
caesars magical empire , a multimillion dollar dining and entertainment complex opens in caesars palace june 18 .
monte carlo , a joint venture between circus circus enterprises inc . and mirage resorts inc . opens june 21 .
the $ 72 million , 1 , 100 - acre las vegas motor speedway with tracks for drag , stock car and formula car races opens in september .
clark county commission grants building permits for the $ 500 million , 2 , 900 - room paris casino resort on the las vegas strip .
circus circus enterprises announces a joint venture with four seasons regent to build a 400 - room , five star non - gaming hotel on the las vegas strip .
the sands hotel , after 44 years of continuous operation , is closed june 30 by owner sheldon adelson who announces plans to build a 6 , 000 - room megaresort on the las vegas strip site . sands tower imploded november 26 .
state line , nv , at the southern nevada - california border , is renamed primm in honor of the community ' s founder ernest primm .
ground breaking held for 3 , 000 - room planet hollywood hotel casino adjacent to the desert inn at sands avenue and the las vegas strip . construction on the joint venture between itt corp . and planet hollywood was never started .
29 . 6 million people visit las vegas in 1996 ; state gross gaming revenue totals $ 7 . 45 billion , and clark county population hits 1 . 1 million .
new york - new york hotel casino opens on the las vegas strip january 3 . more than 100 , 000 people a day visit the new resort during the casino ' s first days in operation .
hilton hotels corp . makes a $ 10 . 5 billion hostile takeover move on january 28 against itt corp . , which resists the bid . itt shareholders reject hilton takeover in favor of a more lucrative offer by starwood lodging . the deal involves ownership of caesars place and the desert inn on the las vegas strip .
the 6 , 945 - yard , par 71 lakes course opens february 7 , the first golf course located in primm , nv .
sheldon adelson breaks ground in april to build the 6 , 000 - suite , $ 1 . 8 billion venetian hotel and resort on the grounds of the original sands hotel on the las vegas strip .
steve wynn , builder of las vegas strip megaresorts , calls for a
go slow
approach to future expansion in las vegas .
the u . s . air force celebrates its 50th anniversary in an unequaled display of military aviation might attended by 80 foreign , high - ranking nato and pacific air command officials , and 300 , 000 spectators .
coca cola co . opens its world of coca cola ( r ) store in the showcase mall marked by a 100 - foot - tall glass coca cola bottle .
the first non - stop scheduled commercial flight from frankfurt - mein international airport in germany lands may 7 with 215 passengers at mccarran international airport .
players island resort hotel and spa in mesquite is purchased by virgin river casino and renamed casablanca on july 1 .
the forum shops at caesars on august 29 opened 35 new shops , stores and restaurants in a 276 , 000 - square - foot expansion . growth doubles the size of the upscale shopping mall adjacent to caesars palace on the las vegas strip .
the aladdin hotel closes on the las vegas strip november 25 making way for a $ 1 . 2 billion gambling and hotel complex . plans call for development of a middle east - theme shopping center , a 2 , 600 - room hotel as well as a joint venture with planet hollywood inc . for development of a neighboring $ 250 million , 2 , 000 - room music - theme resort . planet hollywood drops out of the deal in 1998 .
owners change the name of the boomtown hotel casino to silverton after majestic realty co . takes control of the struggling resort from boomtown inc .
harley davidson cafe opens on the las vegas strip , continuing the theme restaurant proliferation .
harrah ' s entertainment inc . buys showboat inc . in a $ 1 . 154 billion deal .
the frontier hotel , owned by the elardi family , is sold to phil ruffin , a kansas industrialist , for $ 165 million .
rio all - suite hotel and casino opens masquerade village and new 41 - story , 1 , 025 - room tower giving the resort a total of 2 , 556 suites .
alan paulson , california entrepreneur , buys the gold river casino / hotel in laughlin . the property is renamed river palms resort .
star trek : the experience
opens january 4 at the las vegas hilton .
circus circus officials announce that mandalay bay will be the name of the company ' s new resort at the strip and russell road . the hotel ' s working name was project paradise .
starwood hotels & resorts buys itt corp . for $ 14 . 6 billion . the purchase includes acquisition of caesars palace and the desert inn hotel / casinos on the las vegas strip .
northwest airlines inaugurates non - stop service june 1 from tokyo to las vegas .
japan airlines inaugurates non - stop service october 2 from tokyo to las vegas .
koren airlines makes history in august with three non - stop charter flights from seoul , korea , to las vegas .
country star restaurant on the strip is acquired by mirage resorts inc . and closes
bellagio , billed as the most expensive hotel in the world ( $ 1 . 7 billion ) opens october 15 on the las vegas strip and initiates a policy barring persons under 18 years of age who are not registered guests of the hotel .
las vegas convention center opens an expansion , boosting its total space to 1 . 9 million square feet .
the debbie reynolds hotel - casino , a half block east of the las vegas strip on convention center drive , is sold at public auction august 5 to the world wrestling federation for $ 9 . 27 million .
the las vegas motor speedway is sold in december by founders bill bennett and ralph englestad to north carolina - based speedway motorsports inc . , headed by o . bruton smith , for $ 215 million .
proposition 5 is passed by california voters in november , opening the door for casino - style gambling on american indian reservations .
a 66 - year - old las vegas resident hits a $ 27 . 58 million progressive megabucks jackpot november 15 at the palace station hotel casino .
annual gross gaming revenue in nevada hits the $ 8 . 1 billion mark .
on december 31 , hilton hotels corp . spins off its gaming division to park place entertainment corp . , including the las vegas hilton , flamingo hilton , bally ' s and paris las vegas on the strip
harrah ' s entertainment inc . purchases the rio hotel - casino inc . for $ 888 million , jan . 1 .
mgm grand inc . buys primadonna resorts inc . , taking 100 percent ownership of new york - new york hotel - casino on the las vegas strip and whiskey pete ' s , buffalo bill ' s and primm valley resort & casino in primm , nv , march 1 .
japan airlines adds a fourth nonstop flight per week in april from tokyo to las vegas .
phase i of the venetian resort - hotel - casino opens may 3 with 3 , 036 suites .
barbra streisand , bette midler , rod stewart , elton john , tina turner , wayne newton and don rickles are among the many entertainers booked by las vegas resorts to ring in the new century .
a $ 3 billion deal closes to sell caesars world inc . , including caesars palace on the las vegas strip , to park place entertainment .
mgm grand inc . announces the purchase of mirage resorts inc . , creating the largest corporate buyout in gaming history .
station casinos plans a $ 55 million expansion for its texas station in north las vegas .
the clark county department of aviation unveils $ 1 billion plan for expansion and renovation of mccarran international airport .
the las vegas convention and visitors authority awards a $ 113 million contract to pcl construction services to expand the las vegas convention center .
the two largest carriers to the las vegas market - southwest airlines and america west - add 2 , 762 seats .
construction begins on station casinos ' latest hotel - casino , green valley ranch .
the las vegas convention and visitors authority opens an affiliate office in sydney , australia .
the orleans plans $ 100 million expansion that will include the addition of a 620 - room hotel tower , a 9 , 000 - seat arena and a 40 , 000 - square - foot casino .
mandalay resort group announces plans to add a 1 . 8 - million - square - foot convention center to mandalay bay .
espn regional assumes ownership of the las vegas bowl from the las vegas convention and visitors authority .
for the first time , la cumbre , the world ' s largest trade show promoting travel to the united states among residents of the caribbean , mexico , and central and south america , comes to las vegas .


polaroid eyewear manufactures polarized sunglasses and polarized lenses , as well as optical frames , reading glasses , and clip-on lenses .

the company also sells eyewear under the polaroid polarized sunglasses , polaroid eyewear , disney , revlon , hello kitty , and sunmate brand names .

polaroid eyewear was a part of the stylemark group and sold to the safilo group in november 2011 .

they have offices in the united kingdom , switzerland , italy , sweden , the netherlands , russia , hong kong , and the united states .

polaroid eyewear

plr ecommerce , llc . all rights reserved . polaroid , polaroid & pixel , polaroid classic border logo and polaroid color spectrum are trademarks of plr ip holdings , llc .
, owner of a sight for sport eyes specializing in sports eyewear and sunglasses . urltoken
34 . an optical filter according to claim 28 , wherein the optical filter is one of a lens , a pair of sunglasses , corrective eyewear , protective eyewear , or a visor .
less well known is polaroid eyewear , the original focus of the business founded by polaroid inventor edwin land in 1937 . the firm initially produced polaroid day glasses – the first sunglasses with a polarizing filter . the eyewear part of the business was spunoff and sold to stylemark in 2007 , before being snapped up by italian - based specialist safilo in 2011 .
46 . a method according to claim 43 , wherein the eyewear is a wavelength selective polarizing filter .
in 2007 camera manufacture ceased and polaroid was bought over by the stylemark corporation . all that is now left on the strathleven site is the sunglasses lens manufacturing business now known as polaroid eyewear . currently there are about 100 employees .
time will tell if polaroid eyewear ' s investment in influencer marketing pays off , but it is clear that the brand has been looking to polaroid ' s camera marketing for inspiration by positioning itself products as stylish and classic lifestyle buys .
polaroid eyewear is a world leader in polarized lens technology and one of the world ' s best known and most trusted eyewear brands . with its unique history of innovation , the polaroid brand remains at the forefront of technological and design excellence . offering a superb range of eyewear collections , polaroid stands for perfect vision , full protection and wearable design at a great price / performance ratio . the polaroid core , trend , premium and rx sunglass collections unite function with fashion . every pair of sunglasses in these collections features premium polaroid ultrasight™ polarized lenses to ensure perfect vision and protection at its best . these collections showcase the polaroid brand’s ability to anticipate upcoming trends with flattering new sunglass styles to suit every look . designs range from classic and elegant to urban and contemporary .
polaroid eyewear uses press - polishing to manufacture their polarized lenses . press - polishing preserves polarizing capability . it also allows polaroid eyewear to produce lenses that are thicker at the center and tapered towards the edges . greater degrees of curvature in polarized lenses for 2 - , 6 - , and 8 - base frames and 6 - base masks , plus toric lenses , are possible .
polaroid’s color film debuted in 1963 . sales of polaroid film , already rapidly increasing , expanded six - fold in the following decade . for polaroid , color instant photography represented an enormous commercial and technical success .
, 3 years working for eyewear websites urltoken and glassesnow . co . uk . involvement in all aspects of th . . .
polaroid eyewear may not be as embedded in culture as its former parent company , but the brand is looking to appeal to a fresh generation of consumers with investment in 250 - strong cross - country influencer campaign .
fig . 3 illustrates transmission spectrum that shows both notching and green suppression in eyewear with a design similar to that of fig . 2 .
milan and new york—safilo group ( sflg . mi ) has launched urltoken , the newest digital museum in the world dedicated entirely to eyewear .
one of the company’s most successful products is the polaroid pic - 300 , a modern twist on the classic polaroid camera that instantly prints wallet size photographs . the camera was designed to appeal to the younger generation who view polaroid as retro and fun .
national historic chemical landmark plaque on the former polaroid corporation laboratory in cambridge , massachusetts .
a project that highlights the role of safilo group as the historical leader and founder of the italian eyewear manufacturing tradition as well as the company that owns one of the most important private collections dedicated to eyewear in the world , collected over many years in the memory of its historical owner guglielmo tabacchi .
edwin land , inventor of instant photography , holds a polaroid sx - 70 camera and photograph .
september 13 , 2017 marks the 80th anniversary of the founding of polaroid by edwin land in 1937 .
the one - millionth polaroid land camera , a model 95a , comes off the assembly line on september 27 .
beat the heat in pure polaroid style with 3 new limited edition film packs for 600 and onestep 2 cameras .
instantly recognizable . instantly reassuring . the polaroid classic border and polaroid color spectrum logos let you know you ' ve purchased a product that exemplifies the best qualities of our brand and that contribute to our rich heritage of quality and innovation .
45 . a method according to claim 43 , wherein the eyewear has a light transmittancy at 450 nm , 540 nm and 610 nm that is greater than a light transmittancy at 500 nm or 580 nm .
american chemical society national historic chemical landmarks . edwin land and polaroid photography . urltoken ( accessed month day , year ) .
rather than betting the company’s future on a new generation product line , polaroid decided to leverage its strong , recognizable brand name and enter into strategic license agreements with companies who manufacture modern product categories that aligned with the values the polaroid brand encapsulated .
blending classic design with contemporary style , the onestep 2 is an instant camera that continues the polaroid legacy for the next generation .
dedicated at the mit museum on august 13 , 2015 , and installed at the former polaroid corporation laboratory in cambridge , massachusetts .
land , shown here with an early instant photograph , first demonstrated polaroid ' s instant photography system to the public in 1947 .
between 2001 and 2009 , polaroid filed for bankruptcy twice , and from 2005 to 2009 , the company went through six ceos .
in fact , urltoken is intended as a place to enhance and share safilo’s universe of ideas , products , techniques , stories and innovation : a long history that dates back to 1878 , when angelo frescura turned a mill in calalzo di cadore into the first italian eyewear manufacturing site , which then became the company that this year at the consumer electronic show ( ces ) in las vegas launched safilox , the first brain sensing eyewear platform enabling mental focus .
in a recent study , 65 % of marketing professionals admitted to working with influencers , but of the 33 % of those who said they didn ' t conceded it was because it was difficult to
effectively measure
the results of influence campaigns . when pressed on how polaroid eyewear will track its own instagram drive , karjalainen said engagement will be key .
although polaroid was a worldwide household name , the introduction of digital cameras to the masses in the late ’90s caused the company to struggle . between 2001 and 2009 , polaroid filed for bankruptcy twice . “from 2005 to 2009 , we went through six ceos , ” says current ceo and president scott hardy . polaroid realized they had to make a fundamental change and went on a journey of self - discovery .
while polarization can be tricky to understand , it’s very easy to try on a pair of polaroid sunglasses and see what you’ve been missing .
another exemplary embodiment of the present invention provides wavelength selective polarizing filter for active ( sports ) eyewear that enhances performance and comfort in applications with more defined input parameters . such applications include fishing , scuba diving , golfing , and skiing and others .
one of polaroid’s fastest growing product categories is tablets . “tablets are about being able to view and share your pictures , passively lean back and enjoy content , ” says hardy of how tablets aligned with the polaroid brand . “instantly sharing with friends and family has always been part of our dna . ” the ability of licensee market maker brand licensing to produce tablets at an affordable price point made this product category a natural fit for polaroid .
in addition to the permanent collection—which will be progressively enriched by showcasing additional items from the collection of 3 , 000 pieces—galleriasafilo . com will propose a calendar of events and temporary exhibitions , dedicated to locations , personalities , new or unseen objects particularly significant for the eyewear world .
westclox factory in the late 1950s . ( the grassy areas at the bottom of the picture are where the polaroid plant was subsequently built in the early 1960s .
the polaroid corporation is formed on september 13 , 1937 . it acquires the assets of land - wheelwright laboratories to develop the field of light polarization technically and commercially .
the series of innovations released by polaroid over the next decade reduced the early problems and improved picture quality remarkably . by 1957 , the new york times called instant photography “equal in tonal range and brilliance to some of the finest prints made by the usual darkroom routine . ” polaroid corporation grew rapidly as instant photography exploded in popularity .
digital cameras were threatening to kill polaroid , so the 75 - year - old company found a way to use their brand recognition and founding technology to stay relevant .
“it was clear to us that the biggest asset we had was the polaroid brand , ” says hardy . with over 75 years of history , polaroid is one of the few globally recognized brand names . the company had a reputation of being a leader in innovation ; after all , this was a company that had grown from a garage startup in 1937 to a billion - dollar pop - culture phenomenon . yet , the digitization of photography caused many to view the old polaroid cameras as obsolete .
from his workplace in this building , edwin h . land ( 1909–1991 ) led the polaroid corporation in its development of the first instant photography system . this novel technology , demonstrated in 1947 , produced photographs by means of a complex sequence of chemical reactions contained within the film unit . land directed numerous improvements to the original one - step , sepia - toned film until polaroid introduced a truly integral instant color photography system in 1972 . the immediacy of the polaroid system revolutionized the industry , and instant photography grew rapidly as a popular and artistic medium . land , an innovative scientist and businessman , earned 535 patents in the course of conducting and directing research at polaroid .
the most obvious sign of polaroid ' s arrival at strathleven was that pretty soon everyone in the vale was wearing sunglasses . and that symbolised the position that polaroid quickly established in the vale . it became an integral part of the community in a very positive , modern way - providing support and leadership on a whole raft of projects and activities .
also described is an optical filter for enhancing human or animal vision and / or protecting the eyes from harmful light rays that includes a pair of polarizing elements that sandwich a retarder stack . the optical filter may have a spectral transmission that enhances color vision , corrects for a color vision deficiency and / or protects the eyes from harmful light rays . the optical filter may be a double - notch filter that blocks inter - primary light to maintain a color neutral appearance while enhancing the saturation of colored objects . the optical filter may be a lens , a pair of sunglasses , corrective eyewear , protective eyewear , and visor .
polaroid continued to perform strongly under mclean ' s successors such as tom tait and derek taylor . its pioneering work in employee relations continued apace . in particular polaroid was very strong on health and fitness . it opened a gym in part of the old strathleven canteen . it promoted a number of programs in the community on that theme . a double decker bus was bought and staffed to carry the health message to the public . polaroid is the major sponsor of a series of 10k road races , which take place each june over various courses in west dunbartonshire .
the american chemical society dedicated edwin land and polaroid instant photography as a national historic chemical landmark in a ceremony at the mit museum in cambridge , massachusetts , on august 13 , 2015 .
polarisers , i . e . arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil , e . g . polaroid
in the instant film camera market , polaroid partnered with a licensee c & a marketing , an expert in the photo industry , owner of ritz camera stores and calumet photography , to manufacture polaroid - branded cameras and accessories . “it’s a tremendous partnership , ” says hardy . “they have our core category and are thriving and growing and both companies are winning through this model . ”
z2300 instant digital camera becomes the newest addition to the polaroid camera line . the innovative digital camera uses zink® zero ink® printing technology to print to print 2x3
sticky - back photos instantly .
in 2001 polaroid filed for bankruptcy in the us , and the directors did it in a way that caused uproar . they were paid millions in severance , while shareholders got nothing . years later the discontent rumbles on , and it ' s likely that the polaroid bankruptcy , as it ' s now referred to in investor and legal circles , will be a reference point for years to come .
it was not quite the end of it for the top management in boston , however . polaroid lost a lot of money on the project , the shares collapsed in value , and this was the beginning of the end of the stock market ' s love affair with polaroid . it has been estimated that edwin land himself lost $ 660 million in the value of his shares . the question investors wanted answered was “why did you not see the reusable cassette camera coming ? better still , why didn ' t you make one ? ” investors ' faith in polaroid ' s product innovation was badly shaken .
it was supported by market - leading management and manufacturing processes . polaroid was rightly regarded as a good place to work , people were invariably well treated and very well paid . for many years , it was a spectacular success as evidenced by the range of products , which polaroid introduced into strathleven : sunglasses , cameras and film . the standards and style were set from early on by the site directors . rob mclean was the site director during the formative years at strathleven , when it had explosive growth and was establishing the polaroid way of doing things , which stood them in good stead for 30 years .
the selective filtering of light by polarization interference may be used to enhance vision and / or protect eyes from harmful light rays . for example , such filtering may be used in sunglasses , color corrective eyewear or protective eyewear . the selective filtering of incident light may provide any desired spectral transmission ( including visible light and light not visible to the eye ) and is performed by a pair of polarizing elements that sandwich a retarder stack . the filtering structure may be formed by multi - layer polarizing structures and may be formed by fabricating sheet laminates that are die cut to form inexpensive laminates . the laminates may be flat or curved in one ( e . g . , wrap - around ) or more dimensions .
a patents victory over kodak , which saw kodak leave the instant camera market , gave polaroid ' s management some temporary respite . it ' s fair to say that none of this had an impact on strathleven , which continued to work flat out . however , by the 1990 ' s like every other manufacturer , polaroid had begun to transfer some manufacturing to cheaper labour areas in south america and the far east .
update 2 : in 2016 the polaroid lens manufacturing unit announced that it was to close ending a 50 year association with the vale of leven . it is understood that the closure will take place in 2017 .
the last major arrival at strathleven , and indeed the last major arrival in the vale , was probably the biggest and the best . edwin land had started polaroid as far back as 1937 in boston . before he devised the instant camera in 1947 , he had already devised , for wartime pilot use , what became polaroid sunglasses . by 1950 instant cameras were on sale in the us , and polaroid was well on its way to becoming a major star of the post - war international corporate scene . it incorporated in the uk in 1962 , and opened its doors , on a very modest scale , shortly thereafter at strathleven .
polarized technology , which was invented by polaroid founder edwin h . land was first used in goggles supplied to world war ii pilots and has since been used in nearly every aspect of visualization , including the polarized sunglasses we wear today . the instant cameras i loved as a child conveyed the concept of sharing . polaroid cameras were always priced within reach of the average consumer , making affordability one of the brand’s key attributes .
the polaroid approach was aspirational - they helped people to make things happen , that otherwise wouldn ' t have happened , rather than taking over and doing it for them . this was the approach which polaroid management took in running its business . employees were team - based and were involved in setting goals . they therefore felt ownership in achievement of the goals , and this led to a successful manufacturing operation virtually from the outset .
we ' ve worked with influencers before , but not on this global scale ,
he admitted , saying that because social is
crowded
by luxury brands , polaroid has to cut through the noise .
the selective filtering of light by polarization interference may be used to enhance human or animal vision and / or protect the eyes from harmful light rays . for example , such filtering may be used in sunglasses , color corrective eyewear or protective eyewear . the selective filtering of incident light may provide any desired spectral transmission ( including visible light and light not visible to the human or animal eye ) and is performed by a pair of polarizing elements that sandwich a retarder stack . the filtering structure may be formed by multi - layer polarizing structures and may be formed by fabricating sheet laminates that are die cut to form inexpensive laminates . the laminates may be flat or curved in one ( e . g . , wrap - around ) or more dimensions .
designed for global smart - visitors , as well as for scholars , researchers and for those who are curious about the history of costume and the eyewear industry , urltoken is a cloud - based digital project that allows visitors to discover , experience and share the wonder of a museum visit from their preferred device , making the most of social networks with intuitive features and language .
polaroid delivered anti - glare goggles for soldiers and pilots , as well as gun sights , viewfinders , cameras , and numerous other optical devices with polarizing lenses . the vectograph , previously a novelty , became a tool for the u . s . military to visualize geographic features of battlegrounds and aerial maps in three dimensions . polaroid earned a reputation among the many companies working toward national goals for delivering optical technologies in short time frames .
safilo ' s porfolio of owned brands , which includes carrerra and oxydo , is facing increasingly stiff competition in the $ 90bn global eyewear market from the likes of luxottica - owned ray ban and oakley , as well as johnson & johnson ' s acuvue . as such , the company has enlisted the help of 250 instagram influencers from around the globe to ensure it stands out .
the first reductions were made to the strathleven workforce by natural wastage and very generous voluntary redundancy schemes . at the same time , digital cameras made their first appearance on the market . you might have thought , that having been caught cold with polavision , polaroid product developers would never be caught out at the very core of their business again . even 15 or so years later it still seems amazing that polaroid management did not foresee the impact of digital photography on their business . it was well enough known that digital photography was on its way . you ' d have though that polaroid could have been in at the beginning with its own digital camera program .
karjalainen was careful to note that while his brand shares a history with its
well known and well loved ,
former parent company , it is seeking a balance that heritage with distinction :
sometimes being part of the heritage of the camera side of the brand helps us but at the same time we want to emphasis that we are a separate eyewear brand ,
he said .
with these three traits in mind : visualization , sharing and affordability , polaroid went out on a venture to find new product categories that would embody the essence of the brand . “we apply those filters to specific categories of products when we make a decision to enter into an adjacent category and building around our core , ” says hardy . while the company’s core business was instant photography , polaroid has expanded beyond photography ; into tablets , televisions and other digital media .
by the 1960s , traditional photography offered color films to the amateur photographer , and thus the next challenge for polaroid was to develop instant color film . the project required a tremendous series of chemical breakthroughs , which were accomplished over a span of 15 years . polaroid scientists had to perfect each component of their version of color photographic film—inventing new dyes , negative films , positive sheets , and developers—and give precise timing to the series of chemical reactions involved in taking and developing a photograph .
further embodiments provide a method of filtering light in eyewear for color vision enhancement , color vision deficiency compensation , or attenuation of harmful light rays including polarizing input light to form polarized light , rotating the polarization of the polarized light to form rotated light , and analyzing the rotated light . the rotation of light is determined in accordance with one or both of predetermined lighting conditions of an environment and a person ' s vision .
polarisers , i . e . arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil , e . g . polaroid comprising multiple thin layers , e . g . multilayer stacks
“every lcd flat - screen television has a polarizer on it . it’s a core component of the technology that allows you to view the picture on a flat - screen tv , ” says hardy . fulfilling the visualization component of the polaroid brand as well as the concept of sharing and affordability ( by making the televisions at a price point that would appeal to the masses ) , flat - screen televisions hit on all of the brand attributes polaroid identified , making this product category a natural fit .
the crowning chapter of the polaroid system was the development of the sx - 70 camera and film . the project represented ultimate simplicity and reward for photographers—all they had to do was press the camera button and watch as the image developed before their eyes .
fig . 3 illustrates transmission spectrum that shows both notching and green suppression in eyewear filter with a design similar to that of fig . 2 , which may be used to compensate for color vision deficiency . in fig . 3 , the green passband is fairly flat , but the peak transmission is selected to be 50 % . arbitrary suppression of a particular primary is achieved by designing a stack that projects prescribed amplitude onto the analyzing polarizer transmission axis .
in 1937 , land - wheelwright became a public company named polaroid corporation after the trade name for the firm’s polarizing films . while land’s dream of anti - glare vehicle systems was never implemented by automakers , the company was making a good business on polarizing films .
polaroid’s incredible resurgence and growth is a result of staying true to the company’s heritage when embracing new technology . “you’ve got to figure out where your brand translates to , what adjacent categories fit and leverage it accordingly by finding the right partners , ” says hardy .
land worked closely with arts professionals throughout his career . he hired several art historians to work for the company , believing that the team’s aesthetic abilities were equal in importance to their scientific knowledge . land also challenged his staff to build films and cameras to the exacting demands of professional artists—ansel adams ( 1902–1984 ) , the legendary landscape photographer , and marie cosindas ( 1925– ) , a noted color still life and portrait photographer , consulted on the development of new polaroid films . under land’s leadership , polaroid successfully bridged ideals in both scientific research and the arts .
the development of the sx - 70 and its film required a complete reformulation of the polaroid system . above all , the film was integral , meaning that the negative , positive , and developers were all contained within a film unit and would remain there after developing . to accomplish this , the positive layers had to be transparent to allow light to penetrate them and expose the negative , below . polaroid’s solution was to develop a chemical opacifier—a chemical screen that was clear when undeveloped but opaque immediately when ejected from the camera and able to become clear again to reveal the developed image .
there is no brand more synonymous with instant cameras than polaroid . in recent years the company has leveraged its iconic status to stage a comeback as a lifestyle brand – it ' s become the camera de jour for many bloggers , its familiar white border - adorned pictures cluttering instagram feeds everywhere .
edwin h . land ( 1909–1991 ) was the innovative inventor responsible for conceiving of and perfecting instant photography . known simply as polaroid , the system revolutionized traditional photography by compressing darkroom processes into an integrated film unit and producing a final photograph in the seconds following the click of a camera shutter .
as the vale textile factories are finally cleared and turned into houses , and the buildings at strathleven become indoor football pitches we should ask , is the polaroid factory in ireland still lying empty ? no surprises , it isn ' t . the irish development agency got a replacement tenant for polaroid . so why are there no replacement tenants in the vale , and why do we persist in saying that the future lies in the service industries ? no doubt , the service industries may have a part to play , but so too does manufacturing . problem is , nobody seems to be trying to find out what it is .
update 1 : in 2007 the dumbarton based diamond power manufacturing operation moved from their glasgow road premises to the site of the old polaroid camera manufacturing division . while this did not bring any new manufacturing jobs to the area it did consolidate the existing jobs and reinforced diamond power ' s commitment to this area .
but in order to license a brand with an incredibly rich history , polaroid had to tread carefully so as not to weaken the brand . before entering into licensing agreements , it went through a process of dissecting the brand’s dna to understand the attributes the brand embodied and how it was perceived by the customer .
by 1962 , polaroid had solved several problems , such as brightening the color dyes and preparing factories for commercial production ; however image permanence remained an issue . the alkaline developer molecules , necessary for dissolving the dye developers , transferred with the dyes to the positive layer where they would immediately begin to destroy the final image .
at the loch lomond rowing regatta , which they sponsored for many years , polaroid employees pioneered corporate rowing , which involved them having a crash course in learning to row , forming themselves into crews and then racing each other . this idea caught on elsewhere in the uk , and is now an established feature of many regattas .
disclosed embodiments provide an optical filter including an input polarizing element , an output polarizing element , and a retarder stack between the input polarizing element and the output polarizing element . the input polarizing element , the output polarizing element , and the retarder stack , filter at least one inter - primary band of light . alternatively , at least two inter - primary bands of light are filtered and the input polarizing element , the output polarizing element , and the retarder stack , filter light so as to maintain a color neutral appearance . the eyewear may be a pair of sunglasses or a visor .
in addition to leading polaroid research for military projects , land also served as a consultant to the national research defense committee , a body that emerged at the onset of wwii to direct non - governmental scientific research for war purposes . in time , land would continue his government service , working on cold war technologies and advising presidents on scientific matters .
as wwii drew to a close and the company neared the end of its military service , land faced a new challenge : what would polaroid do after the war ? now leading a much larger company with more employees and greater research expertise than a few years earlier , land was determined to put his company and its people to work during peacetime .
“analog photography is unique and special” says hardy . products like the z2300 , bridge the gap between analog instant photography and digital photography , allowing the user to instantly print the photograph as well as save the image as a digital file to post on social media or save to a computer . these products have allowed polaroid to stay relevant in today’s marketplace .
the push has been crafted to help celebrate the brand ' s 80th birthday – which it shares with polaroid . krister karjalainen , safilo ' s global , creative and digital media director explained that it decided to tap wa range of influencers big and small , saying they were selected for their affinity with the brand and ability to engage with their audience rather than reach .
years later , he recalled , “within an hour , the camera , the film , and the physical chemistry became so clear” that he immediately set off to speak with his patent attorney . polaroid’s work with crystals , dyes , and polymers in the development of polarized products provided the company the expertise it needed to begin working on the project before the war was over .
in 1940 , as the united states anticipated its entry into world war ii , land proposed a new task for the young company—to focus its scientific research and manufacturing on technologies that would help to win the impending war . the u . s . entered the war in december of the following year , and polaroid became one of many companies to contribute to the wartime effort .
one exemplary embodiment of the present invention provides an optical filter for eyewear with a laminated polarizing filter having a spectral transmission that enhances color vision via polarization interference . for example , single or double - notch filters block inter - primary light ( 580 nm yellow and / or 500 nm cyan ) to maintain a color neutral appearance ( e . g . , white objects appear white ) while enhancing the saturation of colored objects . this selective filtration reduces the overall transmission while maintaining a neutral appearance . additionally , glare may be filtered by vertically aligning the initial polarizer . thus , this exemplary embodiment acts just like common sunglasses while enhancing the appearance and contrast of colored objects .
my first camera was a polaroid . like many in my generation , i vividly recall the excitement of waiting for a colorful image to crystalize on the black square film that flew out of the camera . the instant gratification was far superior to the three - to - five - day wait time i had to endure when taking a roll of film to the photo shop to be developed .
the polarized sunglasses used by fishermen have polarized filters with the transmission axis oriented vertically to block the light reflected by the water surface . note that if the fisherman moves his head up or down ( nodding ) the line joining the temples remains horizontal and the sunglasses continue to block the glare ( of course , if he leans his head to one side the filters start to point in the wrong direction ) . by the way , they are not only used by fishermen but in all other water - sports . they are also becoming popular with truck drivers and for general outdoor activities . the last five years have seen a jump in their sales and are the fastest growing segment in eyewear .
land founded the rowland institute for science ( now the rowland institute at harvard ) to continue his research , primarily on a theory of color vision perception he proposed known as the retinex theory . he retired from polaroid in 1982 , 50 years after founding its predecessor company . over the course of his career , land earned 535 patents . he died on march 1 , 1991 , in cambridge , massachusetts .
until this point , polaroid films required a step that interfered with land’s vision of absolute one - step photography : after being ejected from the camera , the user had to peel back the negative sheet to reveal the final photograph . some early films required additional steps by the user , such as swabbing the developed image with a coating to stabilize it or adhering the image to a hard backing to prevent curling .
another exemplary embodiment of the present invention provides wavelength selective polarizing filters in eyewear for eye protection that enhances performance and comfort in applications with more defined input parameters . such applications include laser laboratory goggles , laser blocking visors or canopies for helmet and others . other environments and uses are also possible . to provide such eye protection that enhances performance and comfort , an initial spectral profile and a desired spectral profile for eyes are determined . then , an appropriate filter can be designed to compensate for the difference between the initial spectral profile and the desired spectral profile . an exemplary method of generating desired filtering spectrum can be found in u . s . patent application ser . no . 09 / 754 , 091 which is hereby incorporated by reference herein .
it clutched at that straw after the event , by which time its fate was sealed . by the late 1990 ' s , polaroid was in deep trouble . demand for instant cameras and their films was in free fall , with only industrial film putting up some resistance for a short time . major lay - offs were taking place regularly at strathleven , and each time the severance package was noticeably less generous than the last .
not only did polaroid chemists test thousands of new molecules to give adequate colors to their new film , they also orchestrated the series of chemical reactions taking place within the film unit . each color followed a separate path of development from its negative layer to the positive photographic print . timing of these molecular movements was crucial for proper color formation . land maintained his goals of 60 - second development with shelf - and temperature - stability and permanence .
the work force grew throughout the late 1960 ' s , the 1970 ' s and 1980 ' s to a peak of about 2 , 000 . sister plants were opened in enschede in holland and in ireland , to which strathleven employees were periodically seconded . as the hectic period of growth levelled out , and strathleven became a more mature plant , rob mclean went off to head - up polaroid ' s entry into the potentially huge chinese market .
a true ( non - sepia ) black and white version followed in 1950 . meroë morse ( 1924–1969 ) , an art history major from smith college , worked closely with land to oversee the development of this version of polaroid films . moving to black and white involved a separate set of challenges , primarily in stabilizing the developed image . these films required the additional step of manually swabbing the developed image with a polymer coating to prevent darkening of the photograph .
in fewer than five years , polaroid had invented and mastered all of the necessary new technologies to demonstrate land’s instant photography system . land made the first public demonstration of instant photography on february 21 , 1947 , during a meeting of the optical society of america in new york city . newspapers covering the event called the invention “revolutionary . ” the following year was dominated by resolving challenges the company faced in bringing the system from the laboratory to commercial - scale manufacturing .
edwin herbert land was born in connecticut on may 7 , 1909 . beginning in his teenage years , land was fascinated by science , taking a particular interest in the properties of light . his interests led him to study physics at harvard university , conduct independent research , and eventually to found his own company , land - wheelwright laboratories , in 1932 . reorganized as polaroid corporation in 1937 , land served as its president , chairman , and director of research for several decades .
none of that helped anyone at strathleven of course . by the early 2000 ' s , numbers were down to about 750 and voluntary redundancies had been replaced by compulsory redundancies on meagre packages . in 2006 , current employment levels at strathleven were down to about 350 , and that figure included staff at a multi - lingual call centre that were moved down from glasgow a few years ago . in 2005 flextronics of the us acquired polaroid ' s manufacturing operations , so strathleven ' s fate lies with them .
the first polaroid camera , called the model 95 , and its associated film went on sale in 1948 at a department store in boston . the cameras sold out in minutes . the model 95 produced only sepia - toned images , and after the film emerged from the camera , photographers had to wait exactly 60 seconds before peeling off the negative backing of the image . although it required precise operation by photographers and did not exceed the quality of traditional films , customers loved the system’s promise of nearly instant results .
the first task was quickly completed , and woodward then developed a plan for synthesizing quinine . land was convinced of the importance of the project and the merits of woodward’s proposal . with the help of polaroid and harvard , woodward and his colleague william von eggers doering ( 1917–2011 ) successfully synthesized quinine in 1944 . although it did not lead to a practical method of production , the synthesis was a milestone in the field of organic chemistry and was among the achievements that earned woodward the nobel prize in chemistry in 1965 .
the unions have traditionally carried the can for the closure of strathleven , and in the sense that they allowed themselves to be put in the position where they could be blamed ; they deserve to carry the can . unfortunately , they also created an impression that the vale was a difficult place in which to do business , which was quoted for years by potential employers as a reason for not coming to the vale . it was so strong a perception that it even resisted the reality of the overwhelming success of polaroid in the vale .
polaroid corporation ' s first major hiccup was in 1977 when it introduced polavision , an instant movie camera and its japanese camera rivals were announcing film systems , on virtually the same day as the videocassette movie camera . the cassette based systems used renewable cassettes with a tried and proven recording system . they were cheaper and produced better quality pictures . they won hands down . polavision never left the starting blocks . all of the manufactured stock of both films and cameras were sold as one job lot , and that was that for the product .
more complex than either sepia or black and white photography , color photography used three separate negative layers to record colors . the infinite number of color nuances captured by the human eye can be reproduced by appropriate intensities of three colors—red , green , and blue . they are developed in a photograph using the complementary dyes cyan , magenta , and yellow . starting in the late 1940s , land and his team worked with traditional methods for producing color photographs , but they quickly learned to adapt to the thin confines and short timeframes required of polaroid color photography .
from 1943 through 1946 , the instant camera was kept secret at polaroid’s laboratories as multiple challenges were resolved . the entire process required suitable color intensity and sharpness . the film unit had to be shelf - stable from the time it left the factory to when consumers clicked their camera buttons , and it had to work at a wide variety of temperatures , from desert heat to winter cold . finally , after development , the unit had to stop all the reactions to create long - lasting photographs . each problem was solved with precise control of the film’s chemistry .
every guest visiting the urltoken will have the opportunity to register and create a personal gallery , selecting and downloading their favorite pieces from the 300 unique pieces of safilo’s permanent collection on display . this includes glasses that belonged to elvis presley , madonna and elton john , ancient and contemporary artworks—all classified by genre ( ancient , modern , active , celebrities , lifestyle , art , science ) , historical period ( from the 17th to the 21st century ) , brand ( safilo , polaroid , carrera , smith ) —that can be shared on social networks , tagging friends and involving them in the discovery .
a hit during the 1980s – a decade characterized by a pop aesthetic and flashy colors – cosmetic lenses are now back with a bang ! and , with it , comes the latest sunglass trend : glasses with lively sorbet - colored lenses . lightweight metal frames and polarized cosmetic lenses in pastel hues define the season’s coolest styles . these models come with an array of semi - transparent polarized lenses in pastel hues of yellow , pink , green and blue . all polaroid sunglasses come with ultrasight™ lenses , for a perfect , distortion - free vision , enhanced contrast , and reduction of eye fatigue . show less
around this time , land played an important role in the synthesis of quinine , the most effective antimalarial medicine then known . quinine was produced from cinchona , a tropical plant grown primarily in indonesia . like other strategic materials that were produced abroad , the u . s . sought methods to synthesize quinine domestically . in 1942 , land hired robert burns woodward ( 1917–1979 ) of harvard university as a polaroid consultant to find an alternative to the use of quinine in the production of polarizers ( quinine - based crystals were used to manufacture polarizers at the time ) and also to explore alternative methods for producing quinine .
congratulations to guy satat of the massachusetts institute of technology , $ 15 , 000 graduate winner for developing imaging solutions for seeing through obstructions using time - resolved imaging and compressive imaging .
developed a polymer additive that can be mixed with pesticides and other agricultural sprays to help them adhere to plants more effectively .
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a site had been earmarked at strathleven from early on , with a target availability date of 1947 . the aim was to create 2 , 000 jobs by 1956 . strathleven industrial estate opened early - in december 1946 , an early christmas present for many of the people who were first to be employed there . by 1956 there were over 2 , 700 people employed there and about 4 , 000 at its peaks . it was rightly seen as an early great success .
burroughs adding machines ltd of detroit michigan was the first company to occupy a factory at strathleven . burroughs had been founded in 1886 by william burroughs , who had invented an adding machine - he famously said that he thought that the total market for adding machines in the usa was 3 , 000 . he was also the grandfather of the author william burroughs , who became a member of the beat generation of writers and produced works such as the naked lunch , which are definitely not a suitable birthday present for a maiden aunt . he claimed that his inherited wealth from burroughs funded his writing - a claim that upset the top management of burroughs in the 1960 ' s .
although burroughs had had a sales and service presence in the uk from the 1920 ' s , they had never manufactured outside the us before . similarly , the vale had never had an american company manufacturing here . opening the factory was , therefore , a new experience for both workers , and the management team which burroughs sent across from detroit .
one of the first innovations was that a number of new vale managers were sent to detroit for induction and training . they sailed on one of the queens to new york , and travelled the 600 miles from new york to detroit by train . this made a great impression in the vale - transatlantic business travel by valemen was most definitely new . until then travel to the states was one way - you emigrated , to be seen again , if at all , only years later when you had made enough money to come home on holiday .
burroughs made a whole range of mechanical and then electro - mechanical adding machines and cash registers at strathleven , in a classic light engineering environment . a typical adding machine had well over 1 , 000 different parts , most of which were made and then assembled at strathleven . it called not only for a wide range of engineering skills , which were a male preserve , but also assembly skills , which were a female preserve . the employee mix was about 50 - 50 for most of burroughs time at strathleven .
in the 1950 ' s , burroughs management back in the states correctly forecast the rise of the computer , which was bound to have a major impact in the office and banking equipment market , which were burroughs main markets . in the late 1950 ' s burroughs acquired what was probably the smartest of the early computer manufacturers in the us , and from then on , top management ' s sales and marketing focus was increasingly on computers . this had no immediate impact on the manufacturing operations at strathleven , but from that point on , they were of steadily lesser importance to burroughs .
in the short term , strathleven continued to grow . in the early 1950 ' s it had about 1 , 400 workers , which grew to well over 2 , 000 by the early 1960 ' s . by the mid 1960 ' s , however , demand for electro - mechanical devices of the type made at strathleven were on the decline . the rise of the mainframe computer , which did away with comptometer departments and automated most financial calculations throughout companies , was one factor .
the other was the emergence of the cheap electronic calculator from japan . between the two of them , there was no long - term future for the products made at strathleven . burroughs was well aware of this , but impending decimalisation in the uk on 15th december 1971 created a short - term rise in demand for new , “decimalised” adding machines and cash registers . immediately after decimalisation , demand , and therefore strathleven ' s output , plummeted .