a painted desco da parto ( a birth tray or birth salver ) was an important symbolic gift on the occasion of a successful birth in late medieval and early modern florence and siena .

the surviving painted deschi represented in museum collections were commissioned by elite families , but inventories show that birth trays and other special birth objects like embroidered pillows were kept long after the successful birth in families of all classes : when lorenzo de ' medici died , the inventory shows that the desco da parto given by his father to his mother , lucrezia tornabuoni , at her lying-in , was hanging in his private quarters to the day of his death .

a desco da parto need not be specially commissioned ; they were produced in workshops in series for stock , often being personalised with a coat-of-arms when they were bought .

there was a distinctive repertoire of iconography for the trays , the recto ( top ) sides sharing much with that for the painted cassone chests often used as gifts at marriage , but also with verso sides often showing scenes of mothers after childbirth or pin-up figures of boy toddlers , accompanied by the coats of arms of both parents .

after being used as a tray in the post partum period they could be hung on a wall as a painting .

desco da parto

figure 2 : masaccio , desco da parto , 1425 - 28 , gemaldegalerie , berlin .
triumph of fame , front of medici - tornabuoni desco da parto , painted by giovanni di ser giovanni c . 1448
[ 1 ] you can read more about this tray in an article by jacqueline marie musacchio here . ( jacqueline marie musacchio , “the medici - tornabuoni desco da parto in context” metro politan museum journal 33 ( 1998 ) : 137–51 .
lorenzo di niccolò , desco da parto ( birth salver ) , with diana and actaeon on obverse and justice on reverse , ca . 1380–1400 . tempera on wood panel . famsf , gift of the roscoe and margaret oakes foundation , 78 . 78
daniela pagliai and allessandra uguccioni ,
un desco fiorentino della fine del trecento : temi di iconografia profana
, notizie da palazzo albani 15 ( 1986 ) : p . 9 - 18 .
unknown artist , italian , florence or siena birth tray ( desco da parto ) depicting the birth of the virgin , ca . 1430 tempera and gold on panel diameter : 58 . 4 cm ( 23 inches ) frame gift of mr . and mrs . manton b . metcalf 18 . 190
elaborate birth trays , also known as
desco da partos ,
were created to commemorate a child ' s successful birth . meanwhile , elaborate luxury furniture usually consisted of richly styled , handcrafted wood designs .
title : the medici - tornabuoni
desco da parto
in context [ the author argues that the large and elaborately painted birth tray now in the metropolitan museum was given by piero de medici to his wife lucrezia tornabuoni on the birth of their son , lorenzo de medici ; the author explores the production and use of birth trays in the celebration of childbirth in post - plague italy ] .
a type of circular or twelve - sided painted wooden tray used in medieval and renaissance italy to present small gifts , sweetmeats , and wine to a mother after childbirth . deschi da parto were often decorated on both sides , typically with an appropriate narrative or symbolic scene on one side and a coat of arms or family device on the other . many of them were produced in workshops specializing in cassoni , although they were occasionally commissioned from distinguished artists . one of the best surviving examples of a desco da parto is that marking the birth of lorenzo de ' medici in 1449 ( met . mus . , new york ) ; it shows the triumph of fame and was painted by masaccio ' s brother lo scheggia .
often these images related to childbirth and motherhood , and other times they carried more generic themes such as the “triumph of love , ” like this one ( 1470 ) at wellesley college’s davis museum or the “triumph of fame” decorating the metropolitan museum’s tray ( 1449 ) which celebrated the birth of lorenzo de’ medici . [ 1 ] often birth trays were specially commissioned , as is the case with some of the more famous deschi da parto that today survive in museum collections , but the demand for birth trays was such that artist’s workshops also made generic deschi da parto that could be personalized with a coat of arms or other family symbol . [ 2 ]
i also love the desco da parto , because it’s an example of art that was actually used—not just looked at . unlike public sculpture or paintings for a home or a church or a palazzo , these trays had a very specific function and continued to be a part of the domestic lives of their recipients for years to come . in these rather personal works of art , we can get a glimpse into the lives of renaissance women . to my mind , art history hardly ever gets better than that .
this period also saw incredible improvements in the overall understanding of the human form , as famed artists like leonardo da vinci tirelessly worked to study and record it through meticulously drawn observations .
i have no desire to return to the days before modern medicine when women ( and their babies ) regularly died in childbirth . but i do love the tradition of the desco da parto , which was certainly borne out of an awareness of the dangers of childbirth . “you safely made it through this dangerous experience ! and there’s a baby to boot ! let’s celebrate ! ” i think of it as the renaissance equivalent of bringing someone a tray of lasagna , but instead of using a disposable foil pan , using a handcrafted piece of pottery , specially made for just this occasion . i love it .
all this had me thinking about one of my favorite things i learned about in graduate school : the desco da parto or “birth tray . ” in renaissance italy , a woman would not have had a baby shower . in fact , she would more likely have been sequestered away from public view as she fearfully waited for labor to begin . after all , with such high mortality rates , it seems wise not to celebrate until you know everything has turned out okay . but , after delivering a baby , a woman was showered with gifts , which were often presented on these birth trays . sweets and other trifles were presented on the tray , which was painted with “feminine” or celebratory imagery .
at first glance , the relief appears to have been designed within the traditional format used for birth iconography ; the depiction of the ‘lying - in scene’ ( depicting the birth of a child ) and the portrayal of the presentation of the child to the father for naming . [ 2 ] this scene realistically portrays the event which took place within the feminine and private realm of the birth chamber . verrocchio graphically depicts the apparent dangers associated with childbirth and motherhood , which were faced by all women . traditional lying - in scenes commonly found on birth trays such as masaccio’s 1425 desco da parto ( fig . 2 ) represented the ideal situation and outcome for this process , namely the successful birth of the child ( preferably a boy ) and the survival of the mother .
lying - in is an old childbirth practice involving a woman resting in bed for a period after giving birth . though the term is now usually defined as
the condition of a woman in the process of giving birth ,
it previously referred to a period of bed rest required even if there were no medical complications . a 1932 publication refers to lying - in as ranging from 2 weeks to 2 months . it also does not suggest
getting up
for at least nine days and ideally for 20 days . when lying - in was a more common term , it was used in the names of several hospitals . for example , the royal women’s hospital in australia was originally known as the
melbourne lying - in hospital and infirmary for diseases of women and children
. women received congratulatory visits from friends and family during the period , and among many traditional customs around the world the desco da parto was a special form of painted tray presented to the mother in renaissance florence .
one of the most beguiling and enigmatic paintings ever made by the great renaissance master raphael , portrait of a lady with a unicorn , exemplifies ideal beauty in 16th century florence . this talk examines the painting and explores art of the high renaissance , including works by leonardo da vinci , michelangelo buonarroti , and many others .
this is perhaps the ' tondo ' mentioned by vasari as in the pucci family home in 1568 . the shape of the tondo may have evolved from the ' desco da parto ' , a painted plate presented to a mother after childbirth . the challenge of the tondo is to create a coherent composition in a circular space . this is a stimulus to centralise the composition . botticelli is among the first artists to centralise the subject of the adoration . it had usually been represented as a flow across the picture plane , as in botticelli ' s own earlier ' adoration ' , also in the collection . the story of the three kings ( or magi ) had great appeal in 15th - century florence and a confraternity of the magi was attached to the church of san marco there . it celebrated the feast of the epiphany with spectacular processions about the city . the pucci family , who may have commissioned this picture , were supporters of the ruling medici and probably chose the subject of the adoration because of its association with them . cosimo de ' medici had his own cell in san marco , decorated with a fresco of the adoration , and in the medici palace chapel , portraits of the family and their allies are placed in the retinue of the kings .
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diam . 57 . 5 cm ( 22 5 / 8 in . ) frame : 65 . 7 x 66 . 4 x 6 . 3 cm ( 25 7 / 8 x 26 1 / 8 x 2 1 / 2 in . )
in fifteenth - century italian households , childbirth was a highly anticipated but potentially perilous event often associated with special objects designed to assist expectant mothers . a
, or “birthing tray , ” was used to carry gifts and food to new mothers recovering in the confinement chamber . a lavishly decorated
like this one was found only in the wealthiest family collections , but household inventories show that more modest examples were common in lower social classes . the scene depicted here conforms to the festive tone characteristic of
. it alludes to paradisiacal themes and allegorical representations of love that were popular in vernacular literature , such as the poetry of boccaccio and petrarch .
vera minazzi and cesarino ruini , historical atlas of medieval music , ( turnhout , belgium : brepols , 2011 ) .
anthony grafton , l eon battista alberti : master builder of the italian renaissance ( new york : hill and wang , 2000 ) .
jacqueline marie musacchio , the art and ritual of childbirth in renaissance italy , ( new haven and london : yale university press , 1999 ) .
sharon fermor ,
on the question of pictorial
evidence
for fifteenth - century dance technique
, dance research 5 , no . 2 ( autumn , 1987 ) : p . 18 - 32 .
paul f . watson , the garden of love in tuscan art of the early renaissance , ( philadelphia : art alliance press , 1979 ) .
domenico derobertis ,
ut pictura poesis : ( uno spiraglio sul mondo figurativo albertiano )
, interpres 1 ( 1978 ) : p . 27 - 42 .
b . b . fredericksen and f . zeri , census of pre - nineteenth - century italian paintings in north american collections , ( cambridge , ma : harvard university press , 1972 ) .
summary of acquisitions , 1963 ,
record of the art museum , princeton university , vol . 23 , no . 1 ( 1964 ) : p . 29 - 31 .
patrick j . kelleher ,
college museum notes
, art journal 23 , no . 1 ( autumn , 1963 ) : p . 46 - 56 .
raimond van marle , iconographie de l ' art profane au moyen - age et à la renaissance et la décoration des demeures , ( ' s - gravenhage : m . nijhoff , 1931 - 1932 ) .
theodor demmler , otto von falke , max j . friedländer , leo planiscig and august schestag , die sammlung dr . albert figdor , ( berlin : paul cassirer ; wien : artaria & co . , 1930 ) .
raimond van marle , the development of the italian schools of painting , ( the hague : m . nijhoff , 1923 - 1938 ) .
paul schubring , cassoni : truhen und truhenbilder der italienischen frührenaissance : ein beitrag zur profanmalerei im quattrocento , ( leipzig : k . w . hiersemann , 1923 ) .
paul schubring , cassoni : truhen und truhenbilder der italienischen frührenaissance : ein beitrag zur profanmalerei im quattrocento , ( leipzig : k . w . hiersemann , 1915 ) .
this page was last edited on 6 april 2016 , at 20 : 24 .
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63 . 8 x 64 . 5 x 4 . 4 cm ( 25 1 / 8 x 25 3 / 8 x 1 3 / 4 in . )
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during the 1400s , wealthy italians gave painted trays such as this one to celebrate marriages and anticipate successful childbearing . the birth of mary , who would become the mother of jesus , was an appropriate subject to represent the delivery of a healthy child .
set in a 15th - century italian home , this scene shows anne , mary’s mother , receiving nourishment at her bedside . as a neighbor arrives with gifts , attendants bathe the baby mary and warm her blankets over a fire . although worn by age , the tray’s painted narratives and traces of gold leaf indicate that this was a luxury object , intended for display and not for practical use .
jean - baptiste oudry french , 1686 - 1755 dead bird , ca . 1740 - 1750 oil on canvas 36 . 8 x 26 . 7 cm ( 14 1 / 2 x 10 1 / 2 inches ) jesse metcalf fund , georgianna sayles aldrich fund , mary b . jackson fund , and edgar j . lownes fund 54 . 176
domenico tintoretto italian , 1560 - 1635 sketch for a battle scene : tancred and clorinda , ca . 1586 - 1600 oil on canvas 71 . 1 x 41 . 9 cm ( 28 x 16 1 / 2 inches ) mary b . jackson fund 53 . 122
nassos daphnis american , b . greece , 1914 - 2010 three feathers , 1938 oil on canvas 71 . 1 x 56 cm ( 28 x 22 1 / 8 inches ) mary b . jackson fund 44 . 085
unknown artist , roman fragment of a wall depicting a candelabrum , 14 - 37 ce fresco and lime painting 54 x 40 cm ( 21 1 / 4 x 15 3 / 4 inches ) museum appropriation fund 38 . 058 . 20
unknown artist , roman fragment of a wall depicting a candelabrum , 14 - 37 ce fresco and lime painting 150 . 5 x 35 . 9 cm ( 59 5 / 16 x 14 1 / 8 inches ) mary b . jackson fund 41 . 019
unknown artist , roman fragment of a black wall , 14 - 37 ce fresco and lime painting 104 . 1 x 127 . 6 cm ( 41 x 50 1 / 4 inches ) museum appropriation fund 38 . 058 . 2c
unknown artist , roman fragment of a black and red wall , 14 - 37 ce fresco and lime painting 97 . 2 x 246 . 4 cm ( 38 1 / 4 x 97 inches ) museum appropriation fund 38 . 058 . 5b
unknown artist , roman fresco , 30 - 79 ce fresco and lime painting 163 . 2 x 160 . 7 cm ( 64 3 / 16 x 63 5 / 16 inches ) museum appropriation fund 38 . 058 . 9
unknown artist , egyptian , from the fayum oasis portrait of a woman , ca . 70 ce encaustic on wood 37 . 5 x 21 . 9 cm ( 14 3 / 4 x 8 5 / 8 inches ) gift of mrs . jesse h . metcalf 17 . 060
unknown artist , egyptian , from the fayum oasis portrait of a man , ca . 150 - 160 ce probably tempera on wood 34 . 3 x 19 . 7 cm ( 13 1 / 2 x 7 3 / 4 inches ) mary b . jackson fund 39 . 025
unknown artist , egyptian , from the fayum oasis portrait of a man , ca . 260 ce probably tempera on wood 33 x 18 . 4 cm ( 13 x 7 1 / 4 inches ) mary b . jackson fund 39 . 026
unknown artist , roman - egyptian painting of the god heron , ca . 300 painted wood 52 . 4 x 42 . 6 cm ( 20 5 / 8 x 16 3 / 4 inches ) ( without frame ) museum works of art fund 59 . 030
lippo memmi italian , active 1317 - ca . 1350 mary magdalene , ca . 1330 tempera and gold on panel 49 . 5 x 22 . 5 cm ( 19 1 / 2 x 8 7 / 8 inches ) museum appropriation fund 21 . 250
bartolo di fredi cini italian madonna and child , ca . 1380 tempera and gold on panel 90 . 2 x 63 . 5 cm ( 35 1 / 2 x 25 inches ) anonymous gift 20 . 207
attributed to yintolo chinese , late 13th century shide , 1300s ink on silk 97 . 8 x 35 . 6 cm ( 38 1 / 2 x 14 inches ) gift of mrs . gustav radeke 20 . 319
unknown artist , korean gwaneum , 1300s ink , color , and gold on silk mount : 259 . 1 x 109 . 9 cm ( 102 x 43 1 / 4 inches ) gift of mrs . gustav radeke 17 . 378
jacopo di cione italian , ca . 1330 - 1398 the taking of saint peter , 1370 - 1371 tempera and gold on panel 38 . 7 x 54 cm ( 15 1 / 4 x 21 1 / 4 inches ) gift of manton b . metcalf 22 . 047
spinello aretino italian st . anthony abbot enthroned , ca . 1385 tempera and gold on panel 232 . 4 x 92 . 1 x 22 . 2 cm ( 91 1 / 2 x 36 1 / 4 x 8 3 / 4 inches ) gift of jesse h . metcalf 16 . 243
mariotto di nardo italian , active ca . 1394 - 1424 saint francis receiving the stigmata , ca . 1408 tempera and gold on panel 23 . 5 x 28 . 9 cm ( 9 1 / 4 x 11 3 / 8 inches ) museum appropriation fund 17 . 521
jan joest dutch , ca . 1450 - 1519 attributed to jan mostaert dutch , ca . 1475 - 1555 / 56 portrait of a woman , ca . 1520 oil on panel 36 . 2 x 24 . 8 cm ( 14 5 / 16 x 9 13 / 16 inches ) museum appropriation fund 34 . 861
mariotto di nardo italian , active ca . 1394 - 1424 martyrdom of saint lawrence , ca . 1408 tempera and gold on panel 23 . 5 x 31 . 1 cm ( 9 1 / 4 x 12 1 / 4 inches ) museum appropriation fund 17 . 520
attributed to hillebrant van rewijk netherlandish , 1455 - 1470 the crucifixion with two thieves , ca . 1450 - 1460 oil on panel 71 . 1 x 48 . 3 cm ( 28 x 19 inches ) georgianna sayles aldrich , mary b . jackson , jesse metcalf , edgar j . lownes , walter h . kimball , corporation membership and helen m . danforth acquisition funds 61 . 080
andrea delitio italian , active ca . 1440 - 1480 king totila blessed by saint benedict , ca . 1451 tempera and gold on panel 24 . 1 x 35 . 2 cm ( 9 1 / 2 x 13 7 / 8 inches ) museum appropriation fund 22 . 101
unknown artist , french , france angel with crown and flagellum , ca . 1460 oil on panel 32 . 4 x 32 . 4 x 5 . 1 cm ( 12 3 / 4 x 12 3 / 4 x 2 inches ) anonymous gift 60 . 105
bruges master netherlandish , active late 15th century portrait of a cleric , ca . 1490 oil on panel 22 . 2 x 14 . 6 x 5 . 7 cm ( 8 3 / 4 x 5 3 / 4 x 2 1 / 4 inches ) museum purchase with funds from mrs . gustav radeke , manton b . metcalf , museum works of art fund and museum appropriation fund , by exchange , and museum special reserve fund 45 . 042
matteo di giovanni di bartolo italian , ca . 1430 - 1495 virgin of the annunciation , ca . 1474 tempera and gold on wood panel 73 . 7 x 41 . 9 x 3 . 2 cm ( 29 x 16 1 / 2 x 1 1 / 4 inches ) gift of mr . robert lehman 57 . 301
marco basaiti greek , ca . 1470 - ca . 1530 portrait of a gentleman , ca . 1510 oil on panel 49 . 2 x 38 . 1 cm ( 19 3 / 8 x 15 inches ) gift of manton b . metcalf 16 . 235
andrea previtali italian , ca . 1470 - 1528 risen christ , ca . 1510 tempera on panel 29 . 2 x 26 cm ( 11 1 / 2 x 10 1 / 4 inches ) gift of manton b . metcalf 16 . 237
unknown artist , spanish , spain crucifixion , ca . 1490 tempera and gold on panel 143 . 8 x 113 cm ( 56 5 / 8 x 44 1 / 2 inches ) gift of john nicholas brown 69 . 197
dosso dossi italian , ca . 1486 - ca . 1542 entry into the ark , ca . 1520 oil on canvas 107 x 112 . 4 cm ( 42 1 / 8 x 44 1 / 4 inches ) helen m . danforth acquisition fund 54 . 177
unknown artist , possibly ; netherlandish madonna and child with saint barbara and saint catherine , ca . 1525 oil on panel 91 . 4 x 87 cm ( 36 x 34 1 / 4 inches ) museum works of art fund 58 . 196
unknown artist , japanese in the style of tōyo sesshū japanese , 1420 - 1506 landscape , 1500s ink and color on paper 146 . 1 x 77 . 5 cm ( 57 1 / 2 x 30 1 / 2 inches ) bequest of john m . crawford , jr . 1989 . 110 . 94
in the style of sultan muhammad persian , active ca . 1505 - 1550 ascension of the prophet muhammad , 1500 - 1550s ink , opaque watercolor , and gold on paper helen m . danforth acquisition fund 84 . 147
unknown artist , netherlandish the adoration of the magi , ca . 1510 oil on wood panel 52 . 1 x 34 . 6 cm ( 20 1 / 2 x 13 5 / 8 inches ) gift of manton b . metcalf 21 . 482
francesco primaticcio italian , 1503 - 1570 andromache learning of the death of hector , ca . 1550 oil on canvas 185 . 4 x 225 . 1 cm ( 73 x 88 5 / 8 inches ) museum works of art fund 56 . 083
attributed to domenico brusasorci italian , ca . 1515 - 1567 portrait of a woman , ca . 1550 - 1559 oil on canvas museum appropriation fund 30 . 057
mirabello cavalori italian , ca . 1530 - 1572 annunciate virgin , ca . 1560 oil on panel 144 . 8 x 86 . 4 cm ( 57 x 34 inches ) lyra brown nickerson bequest 16 . 464x
marinus van reymerswaele flemish , ca . 1490 - ca . 1567 the money changers , ca . 1540 oil on panel 126 . 4 x 96 . 8 cm ( 49 3 / 4 x 38 1 / 8 inches ) gift of mrs . jesse h . metcalf 25 . 037
bartolomeo passarotti italian , 1529 - 1592 portrait of a cavalier with his hunting dogs , ca . 1570 - 1580 oil on canvas 197 . 5 x 114 . 9 cm ( 77 3 / 4 x 45 1 / 4 inches ) corporate membership fund 62 . 064
luca cambiaso italian , 1527 - 1585 pietà with angels , ca . 1575 oil on canvas 180 . 3 x 113 . 2 cm ( 71 x 44 9 / 16 inches ) mary b . jackson fund 59 . 049
jacopo bassano italian , 1510 - 1592 sketch for an altarpiece , ca . 1575 oil on canvas 45 . 7 x 36 . 8 cm ( 18 x 14 1 / 2 inches ) anonymous gift 57 . 158
school of jacopo tintoretto italian , 1519 - 1594 daniel in judgment of the elders , ca . 1575 oil on canvas 57 . 5 x 113 . 7 cm ( 22 5 / 8 x 44 3 / 4 inches ) anonymous gift 57 . 159
cornelis cornelisz . van haarlem dutch , 1562 - 1638 the judgment of paris , ca . 1585 - 1595 oil on panel 31 . 1 x 44 . 5 cm ( 12 1 / 4 x 17 1 / 2 inches ) museum membership fund 67 . 010
francesco bassano ii italian , 1549 - 1592 the birth of the virgin , ca . 1588 oil on canvas 100 . 7 x 82 . 9 cm ( 39 5 / 8 x 32 5 / 8 inches ) mary b . jackson fund 52 . 318
ippolito scarsello , called scarsellino italian , ca . 1550 - 1620 the rape of europa , ca . 1590 oil on canvas 118 . 1 x 163 . 2 cm ( 46 1 / 2 x 64 1 / 4 inches ) bequest of miss ellen d . sharpe 54 . 147 . 75
giuseppe cesari italian , 1568 - 1640 perseus and andromeda , ca . 1592 oil on slate 70 . 5 x 54 . 9 cm ( 27 3 / 4 x 21 5 / 8 inches ) anonymous gift 57 . 167
leandro bassano italian , 1557 - 1622 adoration of the shepherds , ca . 1592 - 1594 oil on canvas 104 . 1 x 167 . 6 cm ( 41 x 66 inches ) museum purchase : bequest of lyra brown nickerson , by exchange 81 . 093
artist of fontainebleau school french , active mid - 1500s charity , ca . 1550 oil on canvas 158 . 1 x 133 . 4 cm ( 62 1 / 4 x 52 1 / 2 inches ) anonymous gift 57 . 157
attributed to domenichino italian , 1581 - 1641 landscape with bathers , ca . 1600 - 1630 oil on canvas 77 . 2 x 132 . 7 cm ( 30 3 / 8 x 52 1 / 4 inches ) museum works of art fund 55 . 107
unknown artist , indian city in a landscape , ca . 1600 - 1625 ink and color on paper image : 8 . 3 x 10 . 2 cm ( 3 1 / 4 x 4 inches ) museum appropriation fund 17 . 457
domenico fetti italian , ca . 1589 - 1623 christ ministered to by the angels , ca . 1620 oil on canvas 89 . 5 x 78 . 1 cm ( 35 1 / 4 x 30 3 / 4 inches ) museum appropriation fund 36 . 003
hendrick van steenwyck the elder flemish , ca . 1550 - 1603 interior of aachen cathedral , 1575 oil on panel 50 . 8 x 69 . 5 cm ( 20 x 27 3 / 8 inches ) gift of drs . arnold - peter c . and yvonne s . weiss 2000 . 25
unknown artist , anglo ; flemish , england portrait of a lady of the hampden family , ca . 1610 oil on canvas 201 . 3 x 120 cm ( 79 1 / 4 x 47 1 / 4 inches ) gift of miss lucy t . aldrich 42 . 283
jan thilens flemish , 1589 - 1630 perseus freeing andromeda , ca . 1610 oil on panel 22 . 5 x 15 . 9 x 3 . 8 cm ( 8 7 / 8 x 6 1 / 4 x 1 1 / 2 inches ) gift of the wunsch foundation , inc . 1989 . 124 . 1
suraj gujarati indian basawan , designer indian workmen in a garden , around 1590 ink , watercolor , and gold on paper sheet : 26 . 7 x 15 . 9 cm ( 10 1 / 2 x 6 1 / 4 inches ) museum appropriation fund 17 . 463
jacob jordaens the younger flemish , 1593 - 1678 return of the holy family from egypt , ca . 1615 - 1616 oil on canvas 74 . 9 x 54 . 6 cm ( 29 1 / 2 x 21 1 / 2 inches ) museum works of art fund 60 . 094
guido reni italian , 1575 - 1642 st . sebastian , ca . 1615 oil on canvas 134 . 3 x 91 . 4 cm ( 52 7 / 8 x 36 inches ) museum gift fund 55 . 112
unknown artist , turkish , istanbul abu jahl and his warriors , ca . 1594 - 95 opaque watercolor , ink , and gold on paper sheet : 37 . 5 x 26 . 7 cm ( 14 3 / 4 x 10 1 / 2 inches ) gift of mr . and mrs . john d . slocum 85 . 106
attributed to jean ducamps , called giovanni del campo french , 1600 - 1683 unknown artist , italian , france the flagellation of christ , ca . 1620 oil on canvas 118 . 1 x 149 . 2 cm ( 46 1 / 2 x 58 3 / 4 inches ) museum works of art fund 56 . 037
francesco vanni italian , 1563 - 1610 the virgin and child appearing to saint francis of assisi , 1599 oil on canvas 266 . 1 x 182 . 9 cm ( 104 3 / 4 x 72 inches ) corporate membership fund 57 . 227
guido reni italian , 1575 - 1642 lucretia , ca . 1625 oil on canvas 108 . 6 x 98 . 1 cm ( 42 3 / 4 x 38 5 / 8 inches ) anonymous gift 56 . 102
after guido reni italian , 1575 - 1642 heads of two elders ( fragment from susannah and the elders ) , 1600s oil on canvas 49 . 2 x 65 . 4 cm ( 19 3 / 8 x 25 3 / 4 inches ) anonymous gift 57 . 163
unknown artist , flemish portrait of a boy , 1600s oil on canvas 87 . 6 x 67 . 3 cm ( 34 1 / 2 x 26 1 / 2 inches ) gift of dr . and mrs . edward m . harris 23 . 321
benjamin gerritsz . cuyp dutch , 1612 - 1652 the resurrection of christ , ca . 1640 oil on panel 92 . 1 x 70 . 2 cm ( 36 1 / 4 x 27 5 / 8 inches ) georgianna sayles aldrich and mary b . jackson funds 62 . 019
man ray american , 1890 - 1976 songe de la clef , 1941 string ( fiber product ) ; rubber ; paper ; watercolor ; crayon 34 . 3 x 44 . 8 cm ( 13 1 / 2 x 17 5 / 8 inches ) gift of mrs . john g . dean 71 . 056
hendrick goltzius dutch , 1558 - 1617 christ on the cold stone with two angels , 1602 oil on copper 51 x 34 . 5 cm ( 20 1 / 16 x 13 9 / 16 inches ) ( measure of the copper panel support ) museum gift fund , museum works of art fund and corporate membership fund 61 . 006
nicolas poussin french , 1594 - 1665 venus and adonis , ca . 1628 oil on canvas 76 . 2 x 101 cm ( 30 x 39 3 / 4 inches ) walter h . kimball fund , georgianna sayles aldrich fund , mary b . jackson fund , edgar j . lownes fund and jesse metcalf fund 54 . 186
dirck van delen dutch , 1604 - 1671 architectural interior at night with the priests of bel , ca . 1628 oil on panel 52 . 1 x 74 . 3 cm ( 20 1 / 2 x 29 1 / 4 inches ) gift of mr . morris i . kaplan 55 . 153 . 1
joachim antonisz . wtewael dutch , 1566 - 1638 the marriage of peleus and thetis , 1610 oil on panel 109 . 5 x 166 . 4 cm ( 43 1 / 8 x 65 1 / 2 inches ) mary b . jackson fund 62 . 058
pieter lastman dutch , 1583 - 1633 saint matthew , 1613 oil on oak panel 35 . 6 x 26 . 7 cm ( 14 x 10 1 / 2 inches ) corporate membership dues funds 60 . 093
carlo dolci italian , 1616 - 1687 the trinity in glory , ca . 1640 oil on canvas 69 . 5 x 59 . 7 cm ( 27 3 / 8 x 23 1 / 2 inches ) anonymous gift 59 . 009
francisco collantes spanish , 1599 - 1656 hagar and ishmael , ca . 1640 oil on canvas 109 . 2 x 139 . 1 cm ( 43 x 54 3 / 4 inches ) gift of manton b . metcalf 18 . 096
salomon van ruysdael dutch , ca . 1600 - 1670 the ferry boat , 1645 oil on canvas 97 . 2 x 144 . 2 cm ( 38 1 / 4 x 56 3 / 4 inches ) museum appropriation fund 33 . 204
frans van mieris i dutch , 1635 - 1681 interior with man and woman , mid 1600s - late 1600s oil paint 22 . 2 x 18 . 7 cm ( 8 13 / 16 x 7 3 / 8 inches ) gift of virginia w . hoppin in memory of william h . hoppin 20 . 227
attributed to payag indian shah shuja hunting nilgai , ca . 1650 - 1655 opaque watercolor and gold on paper museum works of art fund 58 . 068
jan cossiers flemish , 1600 - 1671 the supper at emmaus , ca . 1650 oil on canvas 85 . 1 x 111 . 1 cm ( 33 1 / 2 x 43 3 / 4 inches ) gift of dr . and mrs . edward m . harris 23 . 332
paulus moreelse dutch , 1571 - 1638 portrait of antoine van hilten , 1625 oil on canvas 123 . 2 x 97 . 2 cm ( 48 1 / 2 x 38 1 / 4 inches ) gift of mr . and mrs . winthrop w . aldrich 60 . 110
matteo rosselli italian , 1578 - 1650 joseph sold to the ishmaelites , ca . 1630 oil on canvas 136 . 5 x 104 . 8 cm ( 53 3 / 4 x 41 1 / 4 inches ) museum works of art fund 66 . 310
dirck van delen dutch , 1604 - 1671 architectural scene : a palace court , 1627 oil on panel 63 . 5 x 88 . 1 cm ( 25 x 34 11 / 16 inches ) gift of mr . and mrs . h . l . weller 67 . 102
jacob adriaensz . bellevois dutch , 1621 - 1676 harbor scene , ca . 1653 oil on panel 91 . 4 x 142 . 2 cm ( 36 x 56 inches ) bequest of isabelle reynolds 1998 . 96
sébastien bourdon french , 1616 - 1671 landscape with a mill , ca . 1653 - 1657 oil on canvas 86 x 105 . 1 cm ( 33 7 / 8 x 41 3 / 8 inches ) mary b . jackson fund 51 . 506
matthias stomer dutch , ca . 1600 - after ca . 1650 christ at the column , ca . 1635 oil on canvas 182 . 9 x 114 . 5 cm ( 72 x 45 1 / 16 inches ) museum works of art fund 56 . 177
bartholomeus van der helst dutch , 1613 - 1670 portrait of a woman , ca . 1655 oil on canvas 111 . 8 x 97 . 2 cm ( 44 x 38 1 / 4 inches ) museum associates’ fund 60 . 009
bartholomeus van der helst dutch , 1613 - 1670 portrait of a man , ca . 1655 oil on canvas 111 . 8 x 97 . 2 cm ( 44 x 38 1 / 4 inches ) gift of the haffenreffer family 60 . 010
abraham hendricksz . van beyeren dutch , ca . 1620 - 1690 still life of fish , ca . 1655 oil on canvas 97 . 2 x 84 . 8 cm ( 38 1 / 4 x 33 3 / 8 inches ) helen m . danforth acquisition fund and gift of group 104 64 . 035
willem drost dutch , ca . 1630–after 1680 portrait of a young man , ca . 1655 oil on canvas 53 . 3 x 48 . 3 cm ( 21 x 19 inches ) museum purchase : gift of the museum associates 83 . 113
michele pace del campidoglio italian , ca . 1610 - ca . 1670 still life with figure , ca . 1660 oil on canvas 122 . 2 x 160 . 7 cm ( 48 1 / 8 x 63 1 / 4 inches ) mary b . jackson fund 60 . 107
jan siberechts flemish , 1627 - ca . 1703 landscape , ca . 1660 oil on canvas 47 x 58 . 1 cm ( 18 1 / 2 x 22 7 / 8 inches ) museum appropriation fund 39 . 045
unknown artist , dutch ; flemish portrait of a young girl , ca . 1660 oil on canvas 162 . 6 x 114 . 3 cm ( 64 x 45 inches ) gift of james warren lane in memory of mrs . eva metcalf bliss lane 24 . 443
melchior d’ hondecoeter dutch , 1636 - 1695 cocks fighting , ca . 1663 - 1664 oil on canvas 81 . 9 x 101 cm ( 32 1 / 4 x 39 3 / 4 inches ) gift of mr . and mrs . norman hirschl 68 . 015
lieve verschuir dutch , ca . 1630 - 1686 harbor scene , ca . 1670 - 1680 oil on canvas 35 . 9 x 48 . 3 cm ( 14 1 / 8 x 19 inches ) gift of the wunsch foundation , inc . 1987 . 113 . 1
attributed to henri gascard french , 1634 - 1701 allegorical portrait of a lady as fortune , ca . 1674 - 1679 oil on canvas 195 . 6 x 109 . 2 cm ( 77 x 43 inches ) gift of julius h . weitzner 55 . 152
aert de gelder dutch , 1645 - 1727 portrait of an old man , ca . 1680 - 1685 oil on canvas 91 . 1 x 76 . 5 cm ( 35 7 / 8 x 30 1 / 8 inches ) gift of dr . and mrs . edward m . harris 23 . 330
jeanne vergouwen flemish , 1630 - 1714 portrait of andries rademaker , notary , displaying a statuette , 1656 oil on panel 34 . 1 x 26 . 7 cm ( 13 7 / 16 x 10 1 / 2 inches ) gift of the wunsch americana foundation , inc . 1990 . 107
louis boullogne the younger french , 1654 - 1733 augustus orders the closing of the doors of the temple of janus , ca . 1681 oil on canvas 72 . 4 x 58 . 4 cm ( 28 1 / 2 x 23 inches ) mary b . jackson fund 73 . 122
aert de gelder dutch , 1645 - 1727 esther and mordecai , ca . 1685 oil on canvas 59 . 7 x 143 . 5 cm ( 23 1 / 2 x 56 1 / 2 inches ) museum appropriation fund 17 . 138
claudio coello spanish , 1642 - 1693 portrait of a monk , ca . 1685 oil on canvas 33 x 24 . 6 cm ( 13 x 9 11 / 16 inches ) walter h . kimball fund , georgianna sayles aldrich fund , mary b . jackson fund , edgar j . lownes fund and jesse metcalf fund 54 . 181
after carlo maratti italian , 1625 - 1713 cleopatra , ca . 1695 oil on canvas mounted on cardboard 114 . 3 x 81 . 9 cm ( 45 x 32 1 / 4 inches ) museum works of art fund 59 . 007
hyacinthe rigaud french , 1659 - 1743 portrait of louis of france , the grand dauphin ( 1661 - 1711 ) , ca . 1697 - 1721 oil on canvas 90 . 8 x 73 . 8 cm ( 35 3 / 4 x 29 1 / 16 inches ) gift of mrs . gustav radeke 30 . 027
adriaen van der werff dutch , 1659 - 1722 the expulsion of hagar and ishmael , ca . 1699 oil on canvas 76 . 5 x 61 . 6 cm ( 30 1 / 8 x 24 3 / 16 inches ) helen m . danforth acquisition fund 59 . 063
attributed to isaac de moucheron dutch , 1667 - 1774 landscape with fountain , ca . 1700 oil on canvas 66 . 4 x 55 . 2 cm ( 26 1 / 8 x 21 3 / 4 inches ) bequest of miss ellen d . sharpe 54 . 147 . 83
eglon hendrick van der neer dutch , 1634 - 1703 allegory of death , 1677 oil on panel 38 . 7 x 31 . 8 cm ( 15 1 / 4 x 12 1 / 2 inches ) helen m . danforth acquisition fund 77 . 047
alessandro magnasco italian , 1667 - 1749 arsenal in a ruined basilica , ca . 1711 - 1720 oil on canvas 146 . 7 x 214 . 6 cm ( 57 13 / 16 x 84 1 / 2 inches ) museum works of art fund , museum membership fund , georgiana sayles aldrich fund , mary b . jackson fund , edgar j . lownes fund , walter h . kimball fund , jesse metcalf fund , and museum gift fund 63 . 061
follower of canaletto italian , 1697 - 1768 view of the grand canal , venice , with churches of the scalzi and santa lucia , 1700s oil on canvas 51 . 8 x 83 . 8 cm ( 20 3 / 8 x 33 inches ) gift of mrs . robert h . ives goddard , jr . 42 . 042
attributed to jan van huysum dutch , 1682 - 1749 still life with flowers , ca . 1715 - 1730 oil on canvas 35 . 6 x 27 . 9 cm ( 14 x 11 inches ) gift of d . berkeley updike in memory of elisabeth bigelow updike 36 . 018
john baptist de medina spanish - flemish , 1659 - 1710 self portrait , ca . 1700 oil on canvas 76 . 2 x 63 . 2 cm ( 30 x 24 7 / 8 inches ) georgianna sayles aldrich fund 57 . 228
domenico maria muratori italian , 1661 - 1744 the death of cleopatra , ca . 1720 oil on canvas 95 . 3 x 73 cm ( 37 1 / 2 x 28 3 / 4 inches ) anonymous gift 58 . 088
giovanni battista gaulli , called il baciccio italian , 1639 - 1709 cardinal taddeo luigi dal verme , ca . 1700 oil on canvas 90 . 8 x 74 . 9 cm ( 35 3 / 4 x 29 1 / 2 inches ) museum works of art fund 55 . 106
francesco guardi italian , 1712 - 1793 scuola di san marco with loggia erected for benediction of pope pius vi may 19 , 1782 , campo san zanipolo , ca . 1782 oil on canvas 38 . 7 x 32 . 4 cm ( 15 1 / 4 x 12 3 / 4 inches ) gift of mrs . murray s . danforth 53 . 115
unknown artist , italian floral still life with ruins and urns , 1700s oil on canvas 109 . 9 x 134 cm ( 43 1 / 4 x 52 3 / 4 inches ) gift of the estate of william e . brigham 63 . 011 . 482
unknown artist , italian floral still life with ruins and urns , 1700s oil on canvas 109 . 9 x 133 . 3 cm ( 43 5 / 16 x 52 1 / 2 inches ) gift of the estate of william e . brigham 63 . 011 . 483
francesco de mura italian , 1696 - 1782 the sacrifice of iphigenia , ca . 1727 oil on canvas 96 . 5 x 128 . 6 cm ( 38 x 50 5 / 8 inches ) museum gift fund 55 . 113
studio of francesco solimena italian , 1657 - 1747 the annunciation , modello for altarpiece of the church of san rocco , ca . 1733 oil on canvas 128 . 1 x 75 . 6 cm ( 50 7 / 16 x 29 3 / 4 inches ) jesse metcalf fund 69 . 044
karl wilhelm de hamilton flemish , ca . 1668 - 1754 forest still life , ca . 1735 oil on copper 36 . 5 x 26 . 4 cm ( 14 3 / 8 x 10 3 / 8 inches ) gift of drs . arnold - peter c . and yvonne s . weiss 2003 . 140
alonso miguel de tovar spanish , 1678 - 1758 portrait of a gentleman of the mendoza y de la vega family , 1711 oil on canvas 106 . 1 x 81 cm ( 41 3 / 4 x 31 7 / 8 inches ) gift of mrs . edwin binney , jr . and mr . and mrs . edwin binney iii 63 . 034
pompeo girolamo batoni italian , 1708 - 1787 time revealing truth , ca . 1740 - 1745 oil on canvas 119 . 4 x 89 . 2 cm ( 47 x 35 1 / 8 inches ) helen m . danforth acquisition fund 59 . 065
portrait of philip dormer stanhope , fourth earl of chesterfield , k . g .
william hoare english , ca . 1707 - 1792 portrait of philip dormer stanhope , fourth earl of chesterfield , k . g . , ca . 1742 oil on canvas 64 . 1 x 51 . 4 cm ( 25 1 / 4 x 20 1 / 4 inches ) museum works of art fund 54 . 171
giovanni paolo pannini italian , 1691 - 1765 the colosseum , ca . 1750 oil on canvas 41 . 3 x 74 . 6 cm ( 16 1 / 4 x 29 3 / 8 inches ) museum works of art fund 56 . 094
attributed to andrea locatelli italian , 1695 - 1741 sabine mountains , ca . 1730 oil on canvas 97 . 5 x 134 cm ( 38 3 / 8 x 52 3 / 4 inches ) gift of mr . morgan w . rogers in memory of lucy b . rogers 49 . 124
giovanni battista tiepolo italian , 1696 - 1770 the angel of fame , ca . 1750 fresco , mounted on canvas 198 . 1 x 330 . 8 cm ( 78 x 130 3 / 16 inches ) museum appropriation fund 32 . 246
a caricature group : sir charles turner , mr . cook , mr . john woodyeare , and rev . dr . william drake
joshua reynolds english , 1723 - 1792 a caricature group : sir charles turner , mr . cook , mr . john woodyeare , and rev . dr . william drake , ca . 1751 oil on canvas 62 . 9 x 48 . 3 cm ( 24 13 / 16 x 19 inches ) gift of mrs . murray s . danforth 53 . 349
gabriel jacques de saint - aubin french , 1724 - 1780 daybreak , ca . 1760 oil on canvas 45 . 7 x 103 . 5 cm ( 18 x 40 3 / 4 inches ) museum appropriation fund 38 . 147
antonio gonzález velázquez i spanish , 1723 - 1793 venus at the forge of vulcan obtaining arms for aeneas , ca . 1753 oil on canvas 121 . 9 x 90 . 2 cm ( 48 x 35 1 / 2 inches ) helen m . danforth acquisition fund 62 . 062
pietro longhi italian , ca . 1700 - 1785 a meal at home , ca . 1753 oil on canvas 61 . 9 x 50 . 5 cm ( 24 3 / 8 x 19 7 / 8 inches ) museum appropriation fund 34 . 1371
nicolas bernard lépicié french , 1735 - 1784 portrait of a man , ca . 1755 oil on canvas 52 . 1 x 46 . 4 cm ( 20 1 / 2 x 18 5 / 16 inches ) museum works of art fund 54 . 170
attributed to françois boucher french , 1703 - 1770 bird - catching cherubs ( summer ) l’amour oiseleur ( l’eté ) , 1732 - 1733 oil on canvas 71 . 1 x 72 . 1 cm ( 28 x 28 3 / 8 inches ) anonymous gift 64 . 115
pompeo girolamo batoni italian , 1708 - 1787 portrait of a gentleman , ca . 1760 - 1765 oil on canvas 76 . 2 x 62 . 9 cm ( 30 x 24 3 / 4 inches ) gift of jack linsky 57 . 263
attributed to andrea casali italian , 1705 - 1784 the continence of scipio , ca . 1743 oil on canvas 50 . 8 x 65 . 4 cm ( 20 x 25 3 / 4 inches ) jesse metcalf fund 75 . 027
tadeusz kuntze polish , ca . 1733 - 1793 the entombment of christ , ca . 1770 - 1780 oil on canvas 73 . 7 x 47 cm ( 29 x 18 1 / 2 inches ) gift of the wunsch foundation , inc . 1990 . 094
john singleton copley american , ca . 1738 - 1815 portrait of rebecca boylston gill , ca . 1773 oil on canvas 126 . 4 x 100 . 3 cm ( 49 3 / 4 x 39 1 / 2 inches ) museum purchase with funds from isaac c . bates , william gammell , henry d . sharpe , miss ellen d . sharpe , elizabeth a . shepard , daniel b . updike , the honorable george p . wetmore and mrs . gustav radeke 07 . 120
rev . matthew william peters english , 1742 - 1814 lydia , ca . 1776 oil on canvas 63 . 5 x 76 . 2 cm ( 25 x 30 inches ) gift of mrs . guy fairfax cary 62 . 009
thomas gainsborough english , 1727 - 1788 portrait of a woman , ca . 1760 oil on canvas 75 . 6 x 63 . 5 cm ( 29 3 / 4 x 25 inches ) gift of mrs . murray s . danforth 85 . 140
martin ferdinand quadal moravian , 1736 - 1811 self portrait , ca . 1785 oil on canvas 37 . 2 x 27 . 3 cm ( 14 5 / 8 x 10 3 / 4 inches ) gift of the wunsch foundation , inc . 1987 . 113 . 2
john singleton copley american , ca . 1738 - 1815 portrait of govenor moses gill , 1764 oil on canvas 126 . 4 x 100 . 3 cm ( 49 3 / 4 x 39 1 / 2 inches ) jesse metcalf fund 07 . 117
hubert robert french , 1733 - 1808 architectural fantasy , ca . 1802 - 1808 oil on canvas 114 x 147 . 8 cm ( 44 7 / 8 x 58 3 / 16 inches ) museum appropriation fund 37 . 104
james earl american , 1761 - 1796 portrait of captain samuel packard , ca . 1795 oil on canvas 88 . 9 x 74 . 3 cm ( 35 x 29 1 / 4 inches ) bequest of miss louise b . bowen 21 . 485
john hoppner english , 1758 - 1810 portrait of a lady , ca . 1795 oil on canvas 76 . 2 x 63 . 5 cm ( 30 x 25 inches ) given in memory of sofia w . vervena by her friends 76 . 011
anton raphael mengs german , 1728 - 1779 portrait of an english gentleman , ca . 1754 oil on canvas 99 . 1 x 73 . 3 cm ( 39 x 28 7 / 8 inches ) corporate membership fund 57 . 281
gilbert stuart american , 1755 - 1828 portrait of george washington , ca . 1805 oil on panel 66 . 7 x 53 . 3 cm ( 26 1 / 4 x 21 inches ) public subscription fund 22 . 220
rufus hathaway american , 1770 - 1822 portrait of seth winsor , ca . 1798 oil on canvas 96 . 5 x 63 . 5 cm ( 38 x 25 inches ) gift of daphne farago americana collection 84 . 229
sir william beechey english , 1753 - 1839 portrait of john cook of norwich , 1784 oil on canvas 69 . 2 x 49 . 5 cm ( 27 5 / 16 x 19 1 / 2 inches ) helen m . danforth acquisition fund 79 . 009
james earl american , 1761 - 1796 portrait of abigail congdon packard , ca . 1795 oil on canvas 88 . 9 x 73 . 7 cm ( 35 x 29 inches ) gift of elizabeth packard white salisbury , william gerald white , and charlotte bowen white spellman 1993 . 049
after amable - louis - claude pagnest french , 1790 - 1819 study of a male torso , ca . 1813 oil on canvas 76 . 2 x 81 . 9 cm ( 30 x 32 1 / 4 inches ) gift of the wunsch foundation , inc . 1987 . 113 . 3
william etty english , 1787 - 1849 back view of a standing male nude in a boat , ca . 1818 - 1820 oil on paper mounted on panel 68 . 6 x 50 . 2 cm ( 27 x 19 3 / 4 inches ) anonymous gift 56 . 055
john constable english , 1776 - 1837 portrait of mrs . edwards , ca . 1818 oil on canvas 76 x 63 . 7 cm ( 29 15 / 16 x 25 1 / 16 inches ) corporate membership fund 58 . 197
adèle romany french , 1769 - 1846 portrait of auguste vestris , 1793 oil on canvas 95 . 2 x 77 . 5 cm ( 37 1 / 2 x 30 inches ) purchased with the edith c . erlenmeyer bequest and the helen m . danforth acquisition fund 2009 . 9
angelica kauffmann swiss , 1741 - 1807 praxiteles giving phryne his statue of cupid , 1794 oil on canvas 43 . 3 x 48 . 6 cm ( 17 1 / 16 x 19 1 / 8 inches ) museum works of art fund 59 . 008
jean - louis - andré - théodore géricault french , 1791 - 1824 a cart loaded with kegs , ca . 1822 - 1823 oil on canvas 59 . 5 x 73 . 3 cm ( 23 7 / 16 x 28 7 / 8 inches ) museum works of art fund 43 . 539
attributed to charles meynier french , 1768 - 1832 love is the same for all ( amor omnibus idem ) , 1795 oil on canvas 40 . 3 x 32 . 4 cm ( 15 7 / 8 x 12 3 / 4 inches ) mary b . jackson fund 72 . 145
unknown artist , northern european , denmark portrait of a young lady , ca . 1820 oil on canvas 75 . 6 x 59 . 9 cm ( 29 3 / 4 x 23 9 / 16 inches ) gift of julius h . weitzner 57 . 294
charles lock eastlake english , 1793 - 1865 the celian hill from the palatine , ca . 1823 oil on canvas 33 . 5 x 44 . 8 x 6 . 4 cm ( 13 3 / 16 x 17 5 / 8 x 2 1 / 2 inches ) anonymous gift 56 . 099
william blake british , 1757 - 1827 baptism of christ , ca . 1799 tempera over pen and ink on canvas 32 . 4 x 49 . 2 cm ( 12 3 / 4 x 19 3 / 8 inches ) museum appropriation fund 32 . 219
francisco josé de goya y lucientes spanish , 1746 - 1828 portrait of gerónima goicoechea y galarza , 1805 oil on copper diameter : 8 . 9 cm ( 3 1 / 2 inches ) gift of grenville l . winthrop 34 . 1366
unknown artist , danish ; german , germany ; denmark snowball fight , ca . 1830 oil on canvas 33 x 43 . 3 cm ( 13 x 17 1 / 16 inches ) anonymous gift 57 . 160
francisco josé de goya y lucientes spanish , 1746 - 1828 portrait of cesárea goicoechea y galarza , 1805 oil on copper diameter : 8 . 9 cm ( 3 1 / 2 inches ) gift of mrs . murray s . danforth 34 . 1365
jacques - luc barbier - walbonne french , 1769 - 1860 portrait of antoine - georges - françois de chabaud - latour and his family , 1806 oil on canvas 221 x 174 cm ( 87 x 68 1 / 2 inches ) helen m . danforth acquisition fund 2003 . 105
after pierre - paul prud’hon french , 1758 - 1823 divine vengeance and justice pursuing crime , after 1808 oil on canvas 32 . 7 x 40 . 8 cm ( 12 7 / 8 x 16 1 / 16 inches ) gift of mrs . murray s . danforth in memory of eliza g . radeke on the occasion of the 75th anniversary of the rhode island school of design 53 . 371
edward matthew ward english , 1816 - 1879 a game of charades , ca . 1840 oil on canvas 112 . 1 x 142 . 6 cm ( 44 1 / 8 x 56 1 / 8 inches ) museum works of art fund 53 . 129
edward mitchell bannister american , 1828 - 1901 portrait of christiana carteaux bannister , ca . 1860 oil on canvas 88 . 9 x 65 . 7 cm ( 35 x 25 7 / 8 inches ) gift of the edward m . bannister foundation 2016 . 38 . 1
joseph paelinck belgian , 1781 - 1839 william i , king of the netherlands , 1817 oil on canvas 223 . 5 x 175 . 3 cm ( 88 x 69 inches ) museum works of art fund 56 . 090a
william hilton ii english , 1786 - 1839 the triumph of the duke of wellington , 1817 oil on canvas 97 . 2 x 154 cm ( 38 1 / 4 x 60 5 / 8 inches ) museum works of art fund 56 . 088
joseph paelinck belgian , 1781 - 1839 frederica wilhelmina , queen of the netherlands , 1817 oil on canvas 223 . 5 x 175 . 3 cm ( 88 x 69 inches ) museum works of art fund 56 . 090b
jean - auguste - dominique ingres french , 1780 - 1867 studies of a head of a man , hands of saint john for christ offering saint peter the keys to paradise , and hooded capuchin monk , ca . 1817 - 1820 oil on canvas 45 . 1 x 32 . 4 cm ( 17 3 / 4 x 12 3 / 4 inches ) purchased with funds from the bequest of maria dasdagulian in honor of joseph fazzano 2012 . 1
after pierre - paul prud’hon french , 1758 - 1823 portrait of madame jarre , 1821 oil on canvas 66 x 56 . 2 cm ( 26 x 22 1 / 8 inches ) bequest of mr . charles l . pendleton 04 . 166


hoya corporation ( hoya株式会社 hoya kabushiki-gaisha ) is a japanese company manufacturing optical products such as photomasks , photomask blanks and glass magnetic-memory disks , contact lenses and eyeglass lenses using wavefront technology for the health-care market , medical photonics , lasers , photographic filters , and software .

hoya corporation is one of the forbes global 2000 leading companies and industry week 1000 company .

hoya acquired the camera company pentax in 2007 , for the price of us$ 1 billion , about 10 % more than pentax was valued at the time .

in june 2010 the grandson of the corporation 's founder yutaka yamanaka proposed changes to the board of directors to prevent what he called such " mistakes " from happening again .

on october 1 , 2011 , hoya sold its pentax camera business to ricoh .

hoya corporation

( pdf ) . hoya corporation & pentax corporation . 2007 - 10 - 29
c - pus and speech synthesis business transferred from hoya service to hoya corporation .
hoya established hoya holdings n . v . of the netherlands and hoya corporation usa to reinforce global management .
after the management integration , the new company will be named hoya pentax hd corporation .
the company was renamed hoya corporation , and the new head office building is completed .
hoya corporation ( hoya㈱ ) [ 1 ] is a japanese company , mainly known as a producer of filters .
hoya discussed a merger with pentax into hoya pentax hd corporation during 2007 . the merger was initially intended to be completed by
* [ urltoken hoya corporation ] * [ urltoken thk photo products , inc . ] the u . s . importer of hoya filters .
the hoya corporation is in the process of acquiring the pentax corporation . [ 4 ] the merger is expected to be culminated on october 1 , 2007 . the new business will be named hoya pentax hd corporation . fumio urano , the current head of pentax , will become chairman of the board and hiroshi suzuki , the current head of hoya , will become president & ceo .
— cette page d’homonymie répertorie les différents sujets et articles partageant un même nom . hoya peut faire référence à : hoya corporation , un groupe international , hoya , un genre de plante ( ne pas confondre avec oyat ) , hoya , une ville d… …
the hoya group shall secure systems relating to the hoya business conduct guidelines that need to be observed by directors and employees of the hoya group .
hoya establishes hoya holdings asia pacific pte ltd , as the third regional area hq after hoya holdings n . v . and hoya holdings , inc . , the area hqs for europe and north america , respectively .
hoya acquired 30 % of the shares of seiko optical products co . ltd . , a wholly owned subsidiary of seiko holdings corporation responsible for the sales of the eyeglass - related products .
“our acquisition of performance optics continues hoya’s strategic initiatives in the life care segment , ” said augustine yee , chief legal officer and global head of corporate development and affairs at hoya corporation . “performance optics enables hoya to become a more broad - based leader in vision care , our largest division . ”
[ tokyo december 21 , 2006 ] hoya corporation ( “hoya” ) and pentax corporation ( “pentax” ) announced today that they have reached a basic understanding aimed at a management integration of the two companies , expected to be completed on october 1 , 2007 . the new company’s name will be hoya pentax hd corporation . under a corporate center with strategic planning functions , the new company will realign the business areas of hoya and pentax . hoya and pentax have recognized that they are the best possible business partners to establish a solid business structure that draws on their respective strengths . through this management integration , the planned new structure will allow the new company to swiftly allocate significant management resources to develop strategic business areas , aiming at accelerating future growth .
hoya corporation ( hoya ) today announced the completion of the acquisition of performance optics , llc ( performance optics ) , including its subsidiaries v ision ease and daemyung optical . performance optics is a global ophthalmic lens manufacturer specializ ing in polycarbonate , photochromic , polari z ed and high index eyeglass lenses . the acquisition complements the hoya l ife c are portfolio , further expanding both hoya ' s geographic reach and product offering for its hoya vision care division .
in background . currently , the mitsui main building ( 三井本館 ) , which houses sumitomo mitsui banking corporation , mitsui fudosan , the chuo mitsui trust and banking co . and
oh , you mean the pentax brand name or pentax the corporation which owned the pentax brand before it merged with the hoya corporation who still owns the pentax brand . or do you mean the pentax line of cameras or maybe the pentax line of lenses or the pentax line of scopes or the pentax line of binoculars or the pentax line of medical equipment ? or perhaps pentax medical ( maker of endoscopes ) , the direct corporate descendent of the late pentax corporation who owned the pentax brand which was applied to the pentax line of cameras and the other pentax lines ( see preceding ) ?
hoya made additional investment in innfocus , inc . , a glaucoma device company .
— hoya rechtsform kabushiki gaisha ( aktiengesellschaft ) gründung 1 . november 1941 sitz …
, chief legal officer and global head of corporate development and affairs at hoya corporation .
performance optics will now join hoya vision care in their efforts to promote and support eyecare and industry professionals with high - quality products , service and support . we also look forward to augmenting our global research & development capabilities with the creation of a new technology center of excellence outside of
under the terms of the basic understanding announced today hoya will be the surviving company .
hoya launched intraocular lenses ( iols ) as well as aspherical molded - glass lenses .
as a result of the tender offer , pentax became a consolidated subsidiary of hoya .
hoya , seiko and epson ; agreements executed in the field of optical products business .
hoya launches yuniku , a global first in vision - centric , 3d tailored eyewear .
on october 29 , 2007 , hoya and pentax announced that pentax , as the company ceasing to exist , will merge with and into hoya on march 31 , 2008 .
original name : japanese wikipedia page about hoya , retrieved on march 5 , 2007 .
i have read and accept the hoya ' s official comments policy . ( required )
guerrero : kirstjen nielsen went to georgetown . that doesn ' t make her a hoya
in order to complete the sale , hoya , which merged with pentax in 2008 in a deal valued at $ 770 million , plans to start a new corporation , called newco , that will take on the pentax imaging business . once complete , the company will transfer its ownership in newco to ricoh .
metallic orthopedic implants are used to plate a broken bone . hoya technosurgical manufactures and sells products using titanium of superior strength and biocompatibility . hoya technosurgical encourages early rehabilitation of patients .
tokyo , japan – 12 october 2016 . hoya corporation ( hoya ) today announced a definitive agreement to acquire performance optics , llc ( performance optics ) , including its subsidiaries vision ease and daemyung optical . performance optics is a global ophthalmic lens manufacturer specializing in polycarbonate , photochromic , polarized and high index eyeglass lenses . this acquisition will strengthen hoya’s ability to provide customers with a broader portfolio of leading products , while continuing to provide best - in - class services to the eyewear industry .
hoya formed an alliance with ibm to develop a next - generation glass disk for hdds .
hoya certified as an excellent enterprise of health and productivity management for the second consecutive year .
japanese optical glass giant involved in u . s . nuclear weapons development - nif and hoya
] on october 29 , 2007 , hoya and pentax announced that pentax , as the company ceasing to exist , will merge with and into hoya on march 31 , 2008 . [
into hoya pentax hd corporation during 2007 . hoya ' s primary goal was to strengthen its medical - related business by taking advantage of pentax ' s technologies and expertise in the field of endoscopes , intraocular lenses , surgical loupes , biocompatible ceramics , etc . it was speculated that pentax ' s camera business could be sold off after the merger . the merger was initially intended to be completed by october 1 , 2007 .
demand for minimally invasive treatment is growing . hoya develops medical endoscopes that enable early diagnosis and treatment under the pentax brand . hoya also offers medical devices such as intraocular lenses and orthopedic implants .
eyeglass business expanded its direct presence in brazil by acquiring 100 % shares of optotal hoya limitada .
hoya acquired the majority shares of wassenburg , a leading company in the field of endoscope reprocessing .
on may 25 , the pentax board of directors accepted hoya ' s offer for a merger .
pentax medical and chinese company aohua established flexible medical endoscopy joint venture . hoya acquired readspeaker , the leading cloud - base text to speech company . hoya sergical optics opened iol manufacturing facility in thailand .
hoya completed the acquisition of a 50 % stake in seiko optical products that became a consolidated subsidiary .
hoya makes medical device venture investment in lensgen , inc . , an accommodating intraocular lens developing company .
hoya , a very familiar name in the photographic industry ( not least because they supply lens blanks to many manufacaturers ) and pentax have jointly today announced their intention to merge and become hoya pentax hd corporation ( actually hoya are ' merging ' pentax into their business ) . this merger is due to be completed by october 1 , 2007 . once complete fumio urano ( current pentax president & ceo ) will become chairman of the board and hiroshi suzuki ( current hoya president and ceo ) will become president & ceo . the major conclusions in this announcement are that the pentax name will remain , that pentax ' s optical business will merge with hoya ' s but that pentax ' s current imaging systems division ( that which is responsible for digital cameras ) will continue .
japanese company hoya has agreed to sell its pentax digital camera business to ricoh , the companies announced today .
hoya uses the following measurement and inspection equipment in our qa process according to the requirements of our customers .
] on may 25th , the pentax board of directors accepted hoya ' s offer for a merger . [
the hoya group shall observe across its organization the hoya business conduct guidelines established based on the management policy and management principles of the group , and shall undertake educational activities as required . the hoya group will reinforce the effectiveness of such activities with the hoya help line , an intra - group system for reporting and counseling . the group shall operate this system not only in japan but also overseas to ensure the soundness of group activities .
each shareholder of pentax common stock will be allotted 0 . 158 shares of hoya common stock per pentax share .
hoya launches hoyalux summit pro and nulux lenses that use eyry , a high - index , plastic lens material .
hoya will retain the pentax brand name and reports $ 2 , 927 . 3 ( mil ) in sales .
mckeown , james m . and joan c . mckeown’s price guide to antique and classic cameras , 2001 - 2002 . ( grantsburg , usa : centennial photo service , 2001 ) , 67 - 74 . “timeline , ” ricoh imaging company , ltd . , urltoken “hoya corporation hoya pentax merger agreement , ” bloomberg , urltoken “ricoh buys pentax to build interchangeable lens camera business , ” digital photography review , urltoken “pentax ricoh changes name and reveals branding strategy , ” digital photography review , urltoken “pentax , ” wikipedia , urltoken
started production of optical glass in the city of hoya , tokyo , which is the origin of the company name .
hoya vision care acquired safety prescription eyewear business from 3m . pentax medical acquired c2 therapeutics to expand interventional endoscopy offering .
] hoya will retain the pentax brand name and reports $ 2 , 927 . 3 ( mil ) in sales .
only those countries bold enough to imagine their own solutions will be successful in developing conflict - averse industries . a corporation’s desire for profits and power does not have to be disruptive if developing nations can exploit that desire for control by offering a holy union between industry and company in exchange for ethical and responsible conduct .
hoya provides themed training programs for antitrust laws and others that reflect each division´s business environment to help employees reconfirm and enhance compliance .
on july 1 , 1876 , mitsui bank , japan ' s first private bank , was founded with takashi masuda ( 1848–1938 ) as president . mitsui bank , which following a merger with taiyō - kobe bank in the mid 1980s became part of sakura bank , survives as part of the sumitomo mitsui banking corporation ) .
under article 796 , clause 3 , of the japanese company law , hoya is not required to receive shareholders’ approval for the merger .
:
the name
pentax
was originally a registered trademark of the east german veb zeiss ikon ( from
pentaprism
and
contax
) but , as all germans patents were annulled with the country ' s defeat , the name
pentax
was taken by the asahi optical company in 1957
-
the corporation is best known for its
pentax
brand cameras , starting with the pivotal
asahi pentax
single - lens reflex camera of 1957 , which followed asahi ' s first series of cameras , the asahiflex of 1952 . the success of the pentax series was such that the business eventually renamed itself
pentax corporation
after the product .
hoya discussed a merger with pentax into hoya pentax hd corporation during 2007 . hoya ' s primary goal was to strengthen its medical - related business by taking advantage of pentax ' s technologies and expertise in the field of endoscopes , intraocular lenses , surgical loupes , biocompatible ceramics , etc . it was speculated that pentax ' s camera business could be sold off after the merger . the merger was initially intended to be completed by october 1 , 2007 . [ 10 ] however , pentax management decided to not pursue the originally planned share swap , and other options for a merger were discussed . [ 11 ] on may 25 , the pentax board of directors accepted hoya ' s offer for a merger . [ 12 ] on august 6 , 2007 , hoya completed a friendly takeover bid for pentax and acquired 90 . 59 % of the company . [ 13 ] on october 29 , 2007 , hoya and pentax announced that pentax , as the company ceasing to exist , will merge with and into hoya on march 31 , 2008 . [ 14 ] hoya will retain the pentax brand name and reports $ 2 , 927 . 3 ( mil ) in sales . the acquired pentax surveying instrument business ( currently it asahi co . , ltd . ) and camera business ( now pentax ricoh imaging co . , ltd . ) were sold to taiwan instrument co . , ltd . in 2009 and ricoh co . , ltd . in 2011 , respectively .
according to japanese publication nikkei business daily , ricoh will pay hoya 10 billion yen ( $ 124 million ) to acquire its pentax operation .
in 2003 the hoya group implemented another initiative , the hoya help line , as an internal reporting and consultation system for the group . if there is an act that contravenes the law or the hoya business conduct guidelines , the hoya help line is intended to enable early identification of the problem and quick reporting to top management , while protecting the informer , which enables timely and appropriate action to be taken on the issue . this system helps to preserve the integrity of the hoya group as a whole . the hoya help line has two types of points of contact ; one is “hhl” a dedicated section within the hoya group headquarters and the other is an outside legal counsel . the system is designed to preserve anonymity and works to maintain the system´s functional effectiveness . as of march 2013 , the system is in place at group companies in japan , north america ( the united states and canada ) , thailand , european countries , philippines , singapore , australia , malaysia and korea , and operates in accordance with business practice and laws of each country . we continue to expand the number of countries covered , giving the hoya help line worldwide coverage .
the brothers shoichi and shigeru yamanaka established an optical glass production plant in the city of hoya , tokyo , and production of optical glass began .
corporate announcement
under the terms of the basic understanding announced today hoya will be the surviving company .
dated 2006 - 12 - 21 .
in this section , you will find useful information in order to better understand hoya group including financial statements and other disclosure materials such as annual reports .
founded in 1941 in tokyo , japan , hoya is a global med - tech company , and a leading supplier of innovative high - tech and medical products . hoya is active in the fields of healthcare and information technology providing eyeglasses , medical endoscopes , intraocular lenses , optical lenses as well as key components for semiconductor devices , lcd panels and hdds . with over 150 offices and subsidiaries worldwide , hoya currently employs a multinational workforce of 38 , 000 people .
, hoya is a global technology and med - tech company , and a leading supplier of innovative high - tech and medical products . hoya is active in the fields of healthcare and information technology , providing eyeglasses , medical endoscopes , intraocular lenses , optical lenses , as well as key components for semiconductor devices , lcd panels and hdds . with over 150 offices and subsidiaries worldwide , hoya currently employs a multinational workforce of over 36 , 000 people . for more information , please visit
fumio urano ( current pentax president & ceo ) will become chairman of the board and hiroshi suzuki ( current hoya president and ceo ) will become president & ceo .
and btw , even the k - 3 , i think , was mostly planned while the company was still under hoya . ricoh has not yet shown its cards .
based on these analyses , hoya obtained a fairness opinion from ubs investment bank , and pentax from morgan stanley , regarding the merger ratio from a financial point of view .
founded in 1941 in tokyo , japan , hoya is a global technology and med - tech company , and a leading supplier of innovative high - tech and medical products . hoya is active in the fields of healthcare and information technology , providing eyeglasses , medical endoscopes , intraocular lenses , optical lenses , as well as key components for semiconductor devices , lcd panels and hdds . with over 150 offices and subsidiaries worldwide , hoya currently employs a multinational workforce of over 34 , 000 people . for more information , please visit urltoken .
investors and security holders may obtain additional information and other documents , filed by the company with the tokyo stock exchange , regarding the acquisition for free at hoya’s website at urltoken .
the hoya group distributes hoya business conduct guidelines to the group employees in order for each one of them to be able to apply those principles to the specific situations that arise in day - to - day business . every employee in japan reads through , understands and confirms the willingness to comply with its principles before signing a confirmation letter once a year . overseas group companies use a regional version of the hoya business conduct guidelines translated in local languages and formulated in accordance with national and regional laws and customs as a guide for everyday practice .
for over 60 years , hoya vision care has been a global leader in the eyeglass lens business . with a presence in over 50 countries , hoya vision care has a proven expertise in lens designs and freeform surfacing technology combined with a leading position in high performance , quality ar coating . hoya vision care ' s solid market portfolio includes seiko and pentax optical lenses , as well as innovative products such as yuniku , the world ' s first vision - centric , 3d tailored eyewear . the company employs over 16 , 000 employees worldwide with mass production facilities in
the company was founded on november 1 , 1941 , as a manufacturer of optical glass under the name tōyō kōgaku garasu seizōsho ( 東洋光学硝子製造所 , meaning oriental optical glass manufacturer ) . [ 2 ] it was incorporated as k . k . tōyō kōgaku garasu seizōsho ( ㈱東洋光学硝子製造所 ) in august 1944 and became k . k . hōya kuristaru garasu seizōsho ( ㈱保谷クリスタル硝子製造所 , meaning hoya crystal glass manufacturer ) in august 1947 , then k . k . hōya garasu ( ㈱保谷硝子 ) in 1960 and finally hoya k . k . ( hoya㈱ ) in 1984 . [ 3 ]
“the acquisition of performance optics expands hoya’s customer reach , particularly through vision ease’s presence in the americas and its strengths in polycarbonate products and technologies , ” said girts cimermans , ceo of hoya vision care . “performance optics provides hoya with additional capabilities in polycarbonate , photochromic and polarized lens technologies , as well as an expansion of our global footprint in high index lens casting to reinforce our position as a global technology leader in lens manufacturing . importantly , we also will augment our global research & development capabilities , creating a new technology center of excellence outside of japan . ”
winkalman , although they share a distributor in the us for products aimed at the consumer photography market , none of either the tokina or the hoya corporate literature indicates that tokina is a subsidiary .
we believe that key to earn the trust of stakeholders pertains to not only the hoya group´s observance of laws and regulations but also all group employees´ fair and faithful conduct with high ethical standards . based on this recognition , in 1997 we formulated the hoya business conduct guidelines which clearly indicates the standards of conduct for each and every employee . the hoya business conduct guidelines are consistently revised in order to reflect the formulation , revision and abolition of laws and changes in society . since the guidelines were adopted , we confirm the guidelines in training and workplace activities and utilize it for raising awareness of employees . also , overseas group companies use a regional version of the hoya business conduct guidelines formulated in accordance with national and regional laws and customs in order to strive for enhancement of compliance .
since 1941 , hoya has been a premier provider of optical glasses . over the years , this traditional material business has transformed into a key element in the development of advanced electronics and information technologies .
hoya and pentax will form an integration committee , co - chaired by fumio urano , president & ceo of pentax , and hiroshi suzuki , president and ceo of hoya , to ensure swift and smooth integration of the management and operations of the newly integrated company . the integration committee will review the administrative systems of each company , aiming at creating a best - practice administrative system for the newly integrated company .
many recent pentax lens designs were joint projects with hoya ' s subsidiary tokina . these include the dfa 50mm and 100mm macros , the da 12 - 24mm zoom , the 10 - 17mm fisheye zoom , and the upcoming weather sealed dfa * series of lenses . as a pentax user i ' m excited by the merger . hopefully , hoya / tokina can help pentax fill out their lens lineup more quickly .
for over 60 years , hoya vision care has been a global leader in the eyeglass lens business . with a presence in over 50 countries , hoya vision care has a proven expertise in lens designs and freeform surfacing technology combined with a leading position in high performance , quality ar coating . hoya vision care’s solid market portfolio includes seiko and pentax optical lenses , as well as innovative products such as hoyalux id mystyle v + progressive lenses and yuniku , vision - centric 3d tailored eyewear . the company employs over 16 , 000 employees worldwide with mass production facilities in asia & europe and over 40 local rx laboratories globally .
neither ubs investment bank nor morgan stanley are related parties of hoya and pentax . this ratio is subject to change if there is a material change in the conditions which were used as fundamentals in the calculation .
in july , 1876 , mitsui bank was established as japan’s first private bank , with a starting capital of ¥2 million . sumitomo bank was established in november , 1895 , as a private enterprise . both banks experienced numerous mergers and reorganizations , and were listed on the tokyo and osaka stock exchanges in may , 1949 . in april , 1990 , mitsui bank and taiyo kobe bank merged to form mitsui taiyo kobe bank , renamed sakura bank in 1992 . in april , 2001 , sakura bank and sumitomo bank merged to form sumitomo mitsui banking corporation , with a capital stock of ¥1 , 276 , 7 billion . in december , 2002 sumitomo mitsui banking corporation ( smbc ) established a holding company named sumitomo mitsui financial group , inc . ( smfg ) through a share transfer , and smbc became a wholly - owned subsidiary of smfg . in july , 2008 , sumitomo mitsui bought a 2 . 1 per cent stake in barclays bank for £500m . sumitomo mitsui is the major financial institution of the mitsui group , its activities centering on securities and foreign exchange .
on paper this looks like a great merger , with both savings and synergies waiting to be realized . the online photographer congratulates pentax and hoya and wishes the new company strength , good fortune , and long life .
hoya started as an optical glass manufacturer . since its inception , the company has been diversifying its business by leveraging its optical materials technologies and precision processing technologies . hoya has successfully built global niche market positions through its aggressive technological innovation and has established leadership in its areas of expertise , resulting in strong earnings . in the information technology area , hoya has maintained a leading position globally for its semiconductor - related mask blanks and glass disk substrates for hard disk drives , and it is positioned as one of the leading manufacturers in optical glass and lenses . the company has also established a leading position in the eye care area , including in eyeglass lenses . hoya continues to cultivate new business areas , in particular medical - related areas which are positioned as mid - to long - term core growth drivers , and has initiated global business development of intraocular lenses used for the surgical treatment of cataracts .
the integration will be completed by october of 2007 if all goes well . the current ceo of pentax , mr . fumio urano ( right ) , will become chairman of the board , and the current president and ceo of hoya , mr . hiroshi suzuki , will be president and ceo of the new company , which will be called hoya pentax hd corp . the new company will be organized around
a small headquarters with empowered business divisions .
note : for hoya , the net income per share , dividend per share and shareholders’ equity per share have been revised to reflect a 4 for 1 split of the company’s common stock that took effect from november 15 , 2005 .
in a saga which ( publicly ) began in december last year and has seen pentax fighting hoya ' s approaches on various fronts including the resignation of their president fumio urano last month and talk of selling its headquarters in tokyo looks to be finally coming to an end . according to numerous reports pentax ' s board of directors has today approved the deal and the merger will go ahead next month . additionally pentax ' s board members have agreed to resign after the hoya takeover goes through .
hoya has completed the creation of a system for visualizing the status of internal controls over financial reporting for the group´s key operating divisions . the group has also created a framework for evaluation of these controls . in the fiscal year under review , the group will begin conducting verifications of the effectiveness of internal controls . items that do not conform or for which internal controls are found to be inappropriate or insufficient will be improved , and hoya will continue its efforts to ensure the reliability of financial reporting .
word out of japan today is that pentax will be purchased by hoya in 2007 . ( it ' s being pitched as a
merger ,
although hoya is called in the press release the
merging company
and pentax the
company to be merged ,
which i thought was a nice way of putting it . ) although photographers probably know hoya only from its self - branded lens filters , it ' s one of the largest optical glass manufacturers in the world , supplying the glass blanks that many optical companies make into lenses . it also makes glass substrates for computer hard drives and has significant business in eyeglasses , intraoculars ( replacement lenses surgically implanted in the eye ) , and other related medical technologies . besides cameras , pentax has ventured into medical equipment as well , making endoscopes and bionics among other things . hoya ' s assets are roughly twice those of pentax and it has about two and a half times as many employees . recently , its profits have been significantly more robust .
okay . but the way i understand it , hoya owned pentax but pentax still made its own products . ricoh however i ' ve read is said to be blending design aspects of its line with the pentax line , or is planning to do so .
information technology area : ( major products include : mask blanks , glass disk substrates , etc . ) this is a core earnings driver where hoya has secured a leading market position globally . the integrated company aims to further strengthen competitiveness and growth in this area .
while the market for advanced medical products has been growing globally with further growth expected , competition has also been intensifying . hoya and pentax have been developing advanced medical products including endoscope diagnostics , minimally invasive surgical technologies , and bionic materials including new ceramics and intraocular lenses . in order to continue delivering growth in this market , it is critical that hoya and pentax leverage their respective competitive advantages and make aggressive investments through mergers and acquisitions and research and development , as well as establish global sales and marketing networks at the earliest possible stage .
life care area : ( major products include : endoscopes , medical accessories , new ceramics , and intraocular lenses ) life care is positioned as a strategic growth area . hoya and pentax will pursue business development in the minimally invasive medical area where future demand is expected to grow . the newly integrated company will operate in areas which range from diagnostic to treatment fields , such as minimally invasive diagnosis using endoscopes and treatment using endoscopes and ancillary surgical devices , and will focus on globally cultivating bionic material markets including new ceramics and intraocular lenses . in addition , hoya and pentax will enhance product development capabilities through aggressive research and development and mergers and acquisitions strategies and will strengthen sales and marketing structures in japan and overseas . through these measures , hoya and pentax aim to double the size of their life care business .
in an integration of equals , hoya and pentax aim to enhance customer and shareholder value . the parties aim to achieve this through the establishment of a solid management foundation that will draw on the complementary managerial resources of the two companies to create synergies and accelerate business growth .
optics area : ( major products include : optical glass and lenses , digital camera modules , micro - lenses , etc . ) hoya and pentax will vertically integrate the design , materials , lenses , processing and module groups in the optics area , which is expected to lead to qualitative structural reform and further strengthen competitiveness . hoya and pentax will mutually utilize their respective manufacturing sites and customer bases , in order to secure a competitive edge against newly emerging asian players and strongly position themselves for sustainable growth in the face of structural change in the optics industry .
, performance optics serves the global needs of eyewear customers .
performance optics ' subsidiaries , vision ease and daemyung optical , have capabilities and cultures of innovation , quality and service that strongly complement hoya ' s footprint and long - standing reputation in the eyewear industry ,
said
known to camera enthusiasts for its line of photographic filters , the renowned glass maker also produces glass for semiconductor blanks and hard disk substrates . it produces eyeglass lenses and various medical optics . a subsidiary , hoya crystal , manufactures crystal glass tableware , chandeliers , and designer ash trays .
each division shall carry out its operations according to the annual plan and the quarterly budget adopted at meetings of the board of directors . the hoya group shall ensure the efficiency of group management by evaluating the levels of target achievement every quarter and working to make improvements as the occasion demands
in everything we do , we focus on the needs and challenges of eyecare and industry professionals . we are a true partner , helping them to distinguish themselves from the competition by bringing value to their businesses , instead of acting as their competitor
said girts cimermans , ceo of hoya vision care .
performance optics provides hoya with additional capabilities and offerings in polycarbonate , photochromic and polarized lens technologies , and expands our global footprint in high index lens casting . this strengthens our position as a global technology leader and offers more eyecare and industry professionals the sales and marketing support they want and need .
ricoh ' s decision to acquire hoya is a rather surprising move on the company ' s part , since it ' s best known for its line of copiers and other office equipment . however , the company has offered cameras in the past , and delivered its first digital camera to the market in 1995 .
the integrated firm will be managed through a committee system under japanese company law to ensure strong corporate governance . the board will consist of 10 directors , five of whom will be non - executive directors , further reinforcing management transparency . three of the executive directors will be appointed from hoya and the others from pentax .
hoya and pentax intend to continue discussions to conclude a definitive agreement on the management integration in early april 2007 . the expected schedule is outlined below . however , as discussions proceed , if exceptional circumstances arise , the two companies may decide to change the schedule or the method of integration in their effort to achieve management integration .
( 3 ) system for ensuring reliability of financial reporting the hoya group shall establish and manage a system of internal controls for financial reporting and build a system for evaluating its financial reporting to ensure the reliability of its financial reporting and valid , appropriate submission of internal control reports as prescribed in the financial instruments and exchange act .
new areas , other areas : ( major products include : business systems equipment , survey equipment , etc . ) hoya and pentax seek to invest aggressively in areas where they see future earnings growth opportunities . at the same time , they will focus on selected business areas to improve efficiency and to achieve optimal usage of managerial resources .
through the strategic acquisition of majority shares of wassenburg , hoya now offers high - end automated endoscope reprocessors ( aers ) . as the number of endoscopy procedures increases and the importance of endoscope reprocessing grows driven by the rising hygienic awareness around washing and disinfection of flexible endoscopes , demand for a cutting - edge and advanced product solution is increasing .
to take off from your thought , johnl , branding seems so integral to the history of consumer cameras , which often eclipsed or subsumed the identities of their corporate creators . the leica brand became far more famous than leitz ;
downmarket
imitator international radio corporation abandoned its radios and its name in favor of its wildly successful argus cameras , seiki kohgaku kenkyuujo became canon , nikon eclipsed mitsubishi . . . in the slr era , asahi launched pentax , takachiho seisakusho took the name of its olympus cameras , as did chiyoko with its minolta . . . cameras just seem to capture people ' s imaginations like few other products ( ok , that pun was unintentional ) . a corporate takeover is a drastically different way to begin , but i ' ll be interested to see if an old story unfolds from this . regardless , i respect both companies and wish them success .
the newly integrated company will continue the listing status of hoya on the first section of the tokyo stock exchange . information regarding the new company headquarters , total assets , paid - in capital , the number of shares newly issued upon the merger , and treatment of warrants and convertible bonds issued by pentax , will be provided when such matters are determined .
hoya has no branding in consumer cameras , a hot high margin segment right now . . . since they already produce the glass , this is a good fit for them . pentax is now positioned very well to lower costs and be a strong 3rd player in the dslr race . and they get to stay japanese without having to be merged into the korean giant samsung , which was their other alternative . faced with rising production costs , pentax very smartly negotiated sensors from samsung and glass from hoya . they provide the branding between two giants in the industry who know that brands still add significant value to a dslr . i think pentax will be around for a while yet , this seems like a smart move .
based on the recognition that hoya and pentax are the best possible business partners to establish a solid business structure that draws on their respective strengths , the two companies have reached a basic understanding aimed at management integration . through this management integration , the planned new structure will allow the integrated company to swiftly allocate significant management resources to develop strategic business areas , aiming at future growth .
the structure of the integrated firm will be based on the concept of a small headquarters with empowered business divisions . allowing for an appropriate transition period , the new company is expected to have a corporate center with strategic planning functions and the business divisions outlined below . moreover , the newly integrated company will continue to make the best possible use of the respective brands of both hoya and pentax .
to enlighten and enhance compliance , we continue to publish posters and leaflet as well as to disseminate the information for the hoya group . to raise awareness , we introduce self - check test and faq as well as internal cases in the group intranet and on the bulletin boards . we also display posters and distribute leaflet in our workplaces for better understanding and reconfirmation of the importance of compliance .
apatite products are used mainly in the fields of orthopedics , brain surgery and dentistry as prosthetic fillers for bone defects . apaceram , one of hoya technosurgical ' s apatite products , is made of hydroxyapatite , a chemical compound virtually the same as the constituents of human bone . hydroxyapatite implantation is safe , and over time , the implant is partially resorbed and replaced by natural bone , as it becomes part of the body .
an intraocular lens ( iol ) is an artificial crystalline lens used in an eye after a clouding crystalline lens has been removed during cataract surgery . it is an innovative medical device that enables people who once suffered from cataracts to see normally again . hoya surgical optics manufactures and sells lens injection systems that facilitate surgery , along with soft , foldable iols that can be inserted through extremely small incisions ( 1 . 8mm incisions ) .
to achieve the best results from internal control systems , it is essential that all employees performing duties for an organization work to foster greater awareness . the hoya group has established a set of business conduct guidelines that clarify the guiding principles under which each employee should perform his or her duties , with resolute adherence to professional ethics . the group also conducts a wide range of employee education activities to foster awareness of regulations and rules .
in order to achieve fairness , the parties received advice from third party advisers in respect of the determination of the merger ratio . hoya was advised by ubs securities japan ltd . ( “ubs investment bank” ) , and pentax was advised by morgan stanley japan securities co . , ltd . , ( “morgan stanley” ) for the basis of the merger ratio calculation . both companies have discussed the results presented by the financial advisors , and settled at the ratio announced today .
the common core technological platform for hoya and pentax is grounded in optics , imaging and materials . using this core platform , the two companies aim to optimize their business portfolios , focusing on the life care , optics , information technology , eye care and imaging systems areas . expected stable revenue from the information technology and eye care areas will support the life care area to achieve strategic growth . in addition , vertical integration of the optics areas will lead to qualitative structural reform and further strengthen competitiveness .
performance optics is a global eyeglass lens manufacturing company employing over 2 , 000 people around the world . with manufacturing facilities in the united states , korea , china , thailand and indonesia , performance optics serves the worldwide needs of eyewear customers . “performance optics’ subsidiaries , vision ease and daemyung optical , have capabilities and cultures of innovation , quality and service that strongly complement hoya’s footprint and long - standing reputation in the eyewear industry , ” said john weber , ceo of performance optics . “by joining forces , we will better meet our customers’ global needs across geographies . ”
in addition to striving to further strengthen corporate governance , the hoya group also works toward the development of sound internal control systems with the objective of ensuring appropriate and efficient business management . each business division and facility develops and improves the control environment , evaluates and responds to risk , and verifies and improves the control processes to ensure that the control systems that operate within each division and facility are the most appropriate for their operating environment . the head of each business division has managerial authority and is responsible for improving the business results . each head is also obligated to seek to further improve internal control systems , with the objectives of maintaining compliance , effectiveness and efficiency of work practices , the reliability of financial reporting and the integrity of management assets . the audit department at hoya group headquarters is responsible for the regular auditing and verification of administrative processes for each division and business office from an independent standpoint . it conducts operational audits , checks that internal control systems are functioning as they should , ensures that there is no dishonesty , and checks for areas for potential improvement . problems that come to light as a result of audit procedures become the subject of a recommendation for improvement . particularly important matters are reported to the audit committee and the board of directors , as well as to the executive officers . the executive officers decide upon and issue directives for speedy , appropriate responses .
apparently hoya mostly wanted some pentax patents for medical optics ( pentax also makes optics for scopes , medical instruments , etc . , not just cameras ) and did not care much about pentax . so there is some freedom in being ignored , but pentax didn ' t get much funding , and had to fire some key employees . ricoh is taking more interest , which might mean less
freedom
but will probably mean a lot more funds and better overall products . pentax getting some help from ricoh is not a bad thing , ricoh is a big company and has experience with electronics and design , things where pentax might be lacking so far . pentax is still making its own products . their factories and employees still exist . its not like ricoh bought the name and fired everyone . in fact , ricoh stated that the pentax name will be used for dslrs in the future . but we will have to wait and see what gets announced after the k - 3 .
the company is selling pentax to ricoh in a deal reportedly worth $ 124 million . the deal is expected to close in october .
pentax is widely considered an also - ran in the digital camera business . the company ' s worldwide market share last year , according to idc , stood at just 1 . 5 percent . for the most part , pentax ' s digital single - lens reflex ( dslr ) cameras lack advanced features found in the leading options from nikon and canon . however , pentax cameras are typically quite affordable compared to their competitors .
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sigma releases 120 - 400mm f / 4 . 5 - 5 . 6 for sony & pentax
sigma releases 150 - 500mm f / 5 - 6 . 3 for sony & pentax
the tamron 70 - 210mm f4 di vc usd is a lightweight telephoto zoom lens for dslr cameras that comes in at an msrp of $ 799 . how does it perform ? find out in our full review .
samsung ' s flagship galaxy s9 + comes with comprehensive photography features like dual optically stabilized rear cameras , smooth 4k video and of course , beauty filters for your selfies . but is it the best smartphone camera for you ? find out how it compares against the likes of apple ' s iphone x and google ' s pixel 2 in our full review .
the domke f - 6 , also known as the ' little bit smaller ' bag shares a lot of characteristics with the venerable ( and a little bit bigger ) f - 2 . senior editor barnaby britton has been using one for several years .
peak design ' s capture clip takes the pain out of carrying your camera – and the latest version is an improvement on an already popular design .
the rhake pack is weatherproof multi - purpose bag with a dedicated camera insert , lifetime guarantee – and steep price tag .
the instant camera market is heating up , and with four formats and 15 + cameras to choose from , we felt it was high time to examine them all and pick our favorite .
whether you ' re hitting the beach in the northern hemisphere or the ski slopes in the southern , a rugged compact camera makes a great companion . in this buying guide we ' ve taken a look at seven current models and chosen our favorites .
what ' s the best camera for a parent ? the best cameras for shooting kids and family must have fast autofocus , good low - light image quality and great video . in this buying guide we ' ve rounded - up several great cameras for parents , and recommended the best .
what ' s the best camera for shooting landscapes ? high resolution , weather - sealed bodies and wide dynamic range are all important . in this buying guide we ' ve rounded - up several great cameras for shooting landscapes , and recommended the best .
what’s the best camera costing over $ 2000 ? the best high - end camera costing more than $ 2000 should have plenty of resolution , exceptional build quality , good 4k video capture and top - notch autofocus for advanced and professional users . in this buying guide we’ve rounded up all the current interchangeable lens cameras costing over $ 2000 and recommended the best .
phase one has launched its new latitude processing presets series , the latest addition to the company ' s capture one style packs product launched last year . both latitude style packs contain eight presets , each with original , bright , and dark variations , for a total of 24 styles per pack .
godox has announced the impending launch of its upcoming ad400pro , a 400ws moonlight with wireless shooting capabilities and a battery life of 390 full - powered flashes .